This report has been prepared

for information and record £ ; purposes and is not to be referenced

in any publication.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan, E. C. Tuma and D. K. Ward

7744

Quarterly Report

on

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for mnking measurements consistent

with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of metheds and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the

Government; and the development of standard practices, cbdes, and specifications. The work includes basic

and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services,

anc* various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government

agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Dureau or when the Bureau’s

unique competence is required. The scope of activities Is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or

in thb journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Offices The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections,

presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides data for determining

the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publications,

and Technical Notes. A complete listing of the Bureau's publications can be found in National Bureau of Standards Circular

460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards, 1901 to June 1947 (SI. 25), and the Supplement to National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, July 1947 to June 1957 (11.50), and Miscellaneous Publication 240,

July 1S'57 to June 1960 (Includes Titles of Papers Published in Outside Journals 1950 to 1959) (12.25); available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

1002-12-10472 November 1, 1962 7744

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES

j of

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP , POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

BY

J. V. Ryan, E. C. Tuma, D« K„ Ward

Fire Research Section

Building Research Division

Sponsored by:

Department of the Navy

Bureau of Yards and Docks

Reference: Task Y-F01?-l5"102

NBS File No. 10.02/10472

IMPORTANT NOTICE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STAI

for use within the Government. B and review. For this reason, the | whole or in part, is not authorizi Bureau of Standards, Washington

the Report has been specifically p

accounting documents intended Approved for public release by the jbJ ected to additional evaluation Director of the National Institute of ££

* “

CL.

Standards and Technology (NIST) tie Government agency for which on October 9, 2015. ,ies ,or i,s own use -

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Quarterly Report

on

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM-UP, POWER CHECK

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

J. V. Ryan, E. C. Tuma , D. K. Ward

1. Introduction

The purpose of this project is the development of criteria

for the fabrication of jet exhaust resistant concretes. Concretes under development are evaluated by exposure to hot gases

from a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber delivers

these gases at velocities and temperatures approaching field

conditions

.

2. Activities

Measurements and tests were made on twelve concrete specimens

during the quarter. Of these, ten were fabricated at the National

Bureau of Standards from blast-furnace slag aggregate concrete

(designated BF-1) or diabase aggregate concrete (designated Di-1)

described in NBS Report No. 757o for the preceding quarter. The

other two specimens were of blast-furnace slag aggregate concrete

and were received from Memphis, Tennessee. Various specimens

were subjected to jet impingement, a simulation thereof, flexural,

shear, or compressive tests. Observations were made of the

weight and dimensional changes of other specimens during

conditioning

.

A new order of diabase aggregate, from the Fairfax Quarries,

Manassas, Virginia, was received, sieved and placed in storage.

The specific gravity and absorption of the aggregate were found

to be 2.97 and 0.48 percent, respectively, for one sample in the

coarse gradation.

Thermal expansion measurements of six specimens were started

late in the quarter.
2

2.1 Temperature Gradients

Fire cylindrical specimens were subjected to a simulation

of the jet impingement, and the temperatures at various depths

were observed. The dimensions and instrumentation of these

specimens are shown in Fig. 1. The specimens were exposed

over the central area of one face, to hot gases at temperatures

intended to result in surface temperatures equal to those of

a specimen exposed to jet impingement. However, the gases were

not moving at high velocities. Three of the specimens were of

BF-1 concrete and two of Di-1 concrete. Each specimen spalled,

to depths up to about 1 in. , thereby breaking some or all of

the thermal gradient thermocouples before the end of the 5-mln

exposure. Typical time-temperature data are shown in Fig. 2;

temperatures as function of depth are shown in Fig. 3*

2.2 Pressure Measurements

Pressure measurements, by the instrumentaion shown in Fig. 1,

also were made during the tests mentioned in 2.1. Very low

pressures, compared to the probable tensile strength of the

concretes, were observed in all the tests. A modification of

the instrumentation in the last of the fire tests lead to indicated pressures shown in Fig. 2, somewhat higher than those

observed in the first four tests, but still comparatively low.

A detailed examination of the pressure instrumentation is under

way in an attempt to further improve the results obtained.

2.3

Spalling Behavior

Each of the five specimens spalled during the simulated

jet impingement. As bases for rough comparisons, the back

surface of each was exposed to the actual jet impingement.

Again, each of the specimens spalled. The volumes of concrete

displaced are given in Table 1. With one exception, the volumes

for longer drying periods were less than for the shorter periods.

Also, with only one exception, the volume for the simulated jet

impingement exposure was significantly greater than that for

the actual jet impingement to the back surface of the same

specimen. This is despite the fact that the specimens were

dried with only the front surface directly exposed to the

atmosphere of the drying room. Therefore, it appears that the

simulated test is somewhat more severe than the actual jet

impingement

.
- 3

-

2.4 Strength Measurements

f Strengths in flexure and shear were measured by tests of

3_ i l+_ by 16-dn. specimens; compressive strengths were

measured by tests on ends of the same specimens broken in

shear or flexure. The results are given in Table 1. The

flexural tests were conducted by putting the specimen on a 9-in. span, positioned so the depth was 3 in. ? and load

applied equally 1 1/2 in. on each side of midspan, thereby

complying with the procedures given in ASTM C-78 [l]. The

compressive strength tests on the broken beam ends were made

in compliance with the procedures given in ASTM C116 [2].

In the absence of a standard test for shear, the specimens ^ere

tested as shown in Fig. b. The ends were clamped between

bearing plates, to prevent rotation over the supports, with

the clearance between the loading and bearing plates held to

very low values- -1/8 to 1/6^ in.

2.5 Tests on Non-NBS Specimens

Three 6- by 18- by 18-in. concrete specimens were received

from a contractor pouring concrete at the U. S. Naval Air

Station, Memphis, Tennessee. They were well packed In damp

sawdust and were put in the fog room for a total of 28 days of

damp curing after which they were removed to the drying room.

Two specimens were subjected to jet impingement, after different

drying periods, and the third will be tested early in the next

quarter. Each of the two specimens spalled. The spalled

volumes, and other data, are given in Table 1. The two tested

specimens are being sawed into 6- by 6- by 18- in. beams which

will be tested in flexure when available.

The data provided by the contractor indicated that both

the fine and coarse aggregates were of blast furnace slag.

Visual examination of the two spalled areas indicated roughly

equal amounts of cellular granules (typical slag), glass, and

gravel. More detailed examination will be possible after the

sawing mentioned in the preceding paragraph is completed.

US COMMON BS “DC
3- References

[1] Standard Method of Test for Flexural Strength of Concrete

(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) , ASTM

Designation C78-59*

[2] Tentative Method of Test for Compressive Strength of

Concrete using Portions of Beams Broken in Flexure

(Modified Cuhe Method) , ASTM Designation C116-60T
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ELEVATION

A-CENTER THERMOCOUPLES AT SURFACE,

g ,^,J, AND DEPTHS

B-THERMOCOUPLES SUPPORTED IN GLASS TUBES

C-PRESSURE PROBE TUBES

D-PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS

FIG. I ~ DETAILS OF SPECIMENS
AVERAGE

FURNACE

TEMPERATURE

isd'aunssaad

SIMULATED

JET,

13 -k

SPECIMEN
1800

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DEPTH,

INCHES

FIG.

3-TYPICAL

TEMPERATURE

VERSUS

DEPTH

CURVES

DURING

FIRST

MINUTE

OF

SIMULATED

JET

BLAST

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Luther H. Hodges, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. A 8 tin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C., and

Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work.

In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by

its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the

front cover.

W ASHINGTON, U. C.

Electricity. Resistance and Reactance. Electrochemistry. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measuremcnta

Dielectrics. High Voltage, v

Metrology. Photometry ancl Colorimetry. Refractometry. Photographic Research. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Mass and Scale. Volumetry and Dcnsimetry.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Heat Measurements. Cryogenic Physics. Equation of State. Statistical Physics.

Radiation Physics. X-ray. Radioactivity. Radiation Theory. High Energy Radiation. Radiological Equipment.

Nucleonic Instrumentation. Neutron Physics.

Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry. Pure Substances. Spectrochemistry. Solution Chemistry. Standard Refer- ence Materials. Applied Analytical Research. Crystal Chemistry.

Mechanics. Sound. Pressure and Vacuum. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Rheology. Combustion

Controls.

Polymers. Macromolecules: Synthesis and Structure. Polymer Chemistry. Polymer Physics. Polymer Characterisation. Polymer Evaluation and Testing. Applied Polymer Standards and Research. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Engineering Metallurgy. Microscopy and Diffraction. Metal Reactions. Metal Physics. Electrolysis

and Metal Deposition.

Inorganic Solids. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Solid State Chemistry. Crystal Growth. Physical Properties.

Crystallography.

Building Research. Structural Engineering. Fire Research. Mechanical Systems. Organic Building Materials.

Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Inorganic Building Materials. Metallic Building Materials.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics. Operations Research.

Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Computer Technology. Measurements Automation.

Engineering Applications. Systems Analysis.

Atomic Physics. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. Far I ftraviolet Physics. Solid State Physics. Electron

Physics. Atomic Physics* Plasma Spectroscopy.

Instrumentation. Engineering Electronics. Electron Devices. Electronic Instrumentation. Mechanical Instru- ments. Basic Instrumentation.

Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Molecular Spectroscopy. Elementary Processes. Mass Spectrometry. Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry.

Office of Weights and Measures. BOULDER, COLO.

Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Cryogenic Technical Services.

CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY

Ionosphere Research and Propagation. Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. Ionosphere Research. Prediction Services. Sun-Earth Relationships. Field Engineering. Radio Warning Services. Vertical

Soundings Research.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements.

Tropospheric Analysis. Propagation-Terrain Effects. Radio-Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere Physics.

Radio Systems. Applied Electromagnetic Theory. High Frequency and Very High Frequency Research. Fre- quency Utilization. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Radiodetermination.

Upper Atmosphere and Space Physics. Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Physics. High Latitude Ionosphere

Physics. Ionosphere and Exosphere Scatter. Airglow and Aurora. Ionospheric Radio Astronomy.

RADIO STANDARDS LABORATORY

Radio Physics. Radio Broadcast Service. Radio and Microwave Materials. Atomic Frequency and Time-Interval

Standards. Radio Plasma. Millimeter-Wave Research.

Circuit Standards. High Frequency Electrical Standards. High Frequency Calibration Services. High Frequency

Impedance Standards. Microwave Calibration Services. Microwave Circuit Standards. Low Frequency Calibration

Services.