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SCWC-13-0002691

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF HAWAI#I

STATE OF HAWAI#I,

Respondent/Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

ROSS COLLINS aka RIP COLLINS,

Petitioner/Defendant-Appellant.

CERTIORARI TO THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

(CAAP-13-0002691; CR. NO. 13-1-0133)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER

(By: Recktenwald, C.J., Nakayama, McKenna, Pollack, and Wilson, JJ.)

Petitioner/Defendant-Appellant Ross Collins aka Rip

Collins (Collins) applied for a writ of certiorari from the

Intermediate Court of Appeals’ (ICA) December 9, 2016 Judgment on

Appeal filed pursuant to its October 25, 2016 unpublished Summary

Disposition Order (SDO). The ICA affirmed the Circuit Court of

the First Circuit’s (circuit court) Judgment of Conviction and

Sentence as to Count I and Judgment of Conviction and Sentence as

to Count II, both of which were entered on July 10, 2013, in

Electronically Filed

Supreme Court

SCWC-13-0002691

10-MAY-2017

08:02 AM
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favor of Respondent/Plaintiff-Appellee State of Hawai#i (the

State). 

On January 28, 2013, Collins entered a Tesoro gas

station and convenience store located at 1529 Dillingham

Boulevard in Honolulu, Hawai#i (Tesoro gas station) in violation

of a written trespass warning previously issued to him on 1

October 3, 2012 pursuant to Hawai#i Revised Statutes (HRS) § 708-

814(1)(b). Upon entering the Tesoro gas station, Collins took a 2

can of beer and exited the premises without paying for it. He

was then arrested and charged with one count of burglary in the

The written trespass warning stated, in pertinent part: 1

You are hereby advised that your presence is no longer

desired on the premises or property: 1529 Dillingham

Blvd., Hon., HI, 96819 (Tesoro) 832-1369 for a period

of one year from date of notice. 

This serves as notice that you are not to return to

said premises or property. Violation of this warning

will subject you to arrest and prosecution for

Trespassing pursuant to section 708-814(1)(b) of the

Hawaii Revised Statutes.

HRS § 708-814(1)(b) (Supp. 2010) states: 2

(1) A person commits the offense of criminal trespass

in the second degree if:

(b) The person enters or remains unlawfully in or upon

commercial premises after a reasonable warning or

request to leave by the owner or lessee of the

commercial premises, the owner’s or lessee’s

authorized agent, or a police officer; provided that

this paragraph shall not apply to any conduct or

activity subject to regulation by the National Labor

Relations Act.

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second degree in violation of HRS § 708-811 (Count I), and one 3

count of resisting arrest in violation of HRS §§ 710-1026(1)(a)

and/or 710-1026(1)(b) (Count II). 4

At trial, the State’s theory of the case was that

Collins had committed burglary in the second degree because he

unlawfully entered and remained in the Tesoro gas station by

entering the premises in contravention of the previously issued

written trespass warning, with the intent to steal a beer, and

thereby commit a crime against a person or property rights. 

Following the State’s case-in-chief, Collins orally moved for a

judgment of acquittal on Count I, arguing that the State failed

to prove that Collins had unlawfully entered the Tesoro gas

HRS § 708-811 (1993) provides: 3

(1) A person commits the offense of burglary in the second degree if the

person intentionally enters or remains unlawfully in a building with

intent to commit therein a crime against a person or against property

rights. 

(2) Burglary in the second degree is a class C felony. 

HRS § 710-1026 (Supp. 2010) states: 4

(1) A person commits the offense of resisting arrest

if the person intentionally prevents a law enforcement

officer acting under color of the law enforcement

officer’s official authority from effecting an arrest

by: 

(a) Using or threatening to use physical force 

against the law enforcement officer or another; 

or 

(b) Using any other means creating a substantial

risk of causing bodily injury to the law

enforcement officer or another. 

(2) Resisting arrest is a misdemeanor. 

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station. The circuit court denied Collins’ motion. The jury 5

found Collins guilty as charged on Counts I and II.

The ICA affirmed, holding, inter alia, that there was 6

sufficient evidence for a rational juror to conclude that Collins

understood the trespass warning when it was issued, and that

Collins purposefully disregarded the warning when he entered the

Tesoro gas station in January 2013. This court accepted Collins’

application for writ of certiorari on March 13, 2017.

In his application for writ of certiorari, Collins

presents one question for review: whether the ICA erred in

affirming the circuit court’s denial of his motion for a judgment

of acquittal as to Count I. Collins argues that pursuant to this

court’s decision in State v. King, 139 Hawai#i 249, 386 P.3d 886

(2016), Collins’ burglary conviction was, as a matter of law,

improperly premised upon his violation of the October 2012

written trespass warning. 

The Honorable Glenn J. Kim presided. 

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On appeal, Collins also argued that the circuit court erred in denying 6

Collins’ motion for a judgment of acquittal on Count II because “there was no

substantial evidence that Collins had intentionally prevent [sic] Officer

Neves from effecting his arrest by either intentionally using physical force

against Officer Neves or intentionally using means that created a substantial

risk of causing bodily injury to Officer Neves.” On this point, the ICA held

that “the jury could have concluded beyond a reasonable doubt that Collins

either used physical force or put Officer Neves at a substantial risk of

bodily injury. Accordingly, the Circuit Court did not err in denying Collins’

motion for judgment of acquittal with regard to Count II.” In his application

for writ of certiorari, Collins did not raise any questions regarding this

point. Consequently, we do not address Collins’ second point of error on

appeal before the ICA. See Hawai#i Rules of Appellate Procedure (HRAP) Rule

40.1(d) (2015). 

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In King, we determined that the violation of a trespass

warning issued pursuant to HRS § 708-814(1)(b) does not

constitute the defiance of a “lawful order personally

communicated to the defendant” within the meaning of HRS § 708-

800. 139 Hawai#i at 257, 386 P.3d at 894. Thus, we held that 7

the violation of a trespass warning issued under HRS § 708-

814(1)(b) cannot support a charge for burglary in the second

degree under HRS § 708-811. Id.

Applying the principles in King to the present case,

Collins’ contravention of the written trespass warning did not

constitute an unlawful entry for the purposes of burglary in the

second degree. See id. Besides his violation of the written

trespass warning, the State did not present any other evidence

that Collins had otherwise “enter[ed] or remain[ed] unlawfully”

in the Tesoro gas station on January 28, 2013. See HRS § 708-

HRS § 708-800 (1993) defines “enter or remain unlawfully” as follows: 7

‘Enter or remain unlawfully’ means to enter or remain

in or upon premises when the person is not licensed,

invited, or otherwise privileged to do so. A person

who, regardless of the person’s intent, enters or

remains in or upon premises which are at the time open

to the public does so with license and privilege

unless the person defies a lawful order not to enter

or remain, personally communicated to the person by

the owner of the premises or some other authorized

person. A license or privilege to enter or remain in

a building which is only partly open to the public is

not a license or privilege to enter or remain in that

part of the building which is not open to the public.

(Emphasis added.)

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811. Therefore, a reasonable juror could not have concluded,

based on the evidence viewed in the light most favorable to the

State, that Collins was guilty of burglary in the second degree. 

Accordingly, 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the ICA’s December 9, 2016

Judgment on Appeal is affirmed in part and reversed in part. The

circuit court’s July 10, 2013 Judgment of Conviction and Sentence

as to Count I is reversed. The circuit court’s July 10, 2013

Judgment of Conviction and Sentence as to Count II is affirmed. 

DATED: Honolulu, Hawai#i, May 10, 2017.

/s/ Mark E. Recktenwald

/s/ Paula A. Nakayama

/s/ Sabrina S. McKenna 

/s/ Richard W. Pollack

/s/ Michael D. Wilson

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