FENNERA.CHACEJ The Shrimps of the

v Smithsonian-Bredin

^m Caribbean Expeditions

with a Summary of the

West Indian

v Shallow-water Species j

(Crustacea: Decapoda:

Natantia)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 98
SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF TH E SMITHSONIA N INSTITUTION

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by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement:

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This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance

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the following active series:

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In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing

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S. DILLON RIPLEY

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 98

Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Th e Shrimps of the

Smithsonian-Bredin

Caribbean Expeditions

with a Summary of the

West Indian

Shallow-water Species

(Crustacea: Decapoda:

Natantia)

ISSUE D

FIB 18 1972

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1972
ABSTRAC T

Chace, Fenner A., Jr. The Shrimps of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expeditions, with a Summary of the West Indian Shallow-water Species (Crustacea:

Decapoda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 98, 179 pages,

61 figures, 1972.—The collections made by the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions to

the Lesser Antilles and Virgin Islands in 1956, 1958, and 1959 and to Yucatan in

1960 contain 111 species of penaeidean, caridean, and stenopodidean shrimps, including 20 previously undescribed species. Diagnostic keys are offered to assist in

the identification of the 170 shallow-water marine and fresh-water shrimps now

known from the West Indian islands, as well as 48 species from adjoining geographic

and bathymetric areas. References, type-localities, and distribution records are given

for each of the 218 species treated, and habitat preferences are indicated for the

species represented in the Smithsonian-Bredin collections. It is postulated that there

is no endemic marine natantian fauna in the West Indies and that there are no natural barriers, except the local absence of suitable habitats, to the free distribution of

most of the species in the region between the Florida Keys and Brazil; only 6 of the

70 marine species recorded from the Yucatan area have not yet been found at any

of the islands in the West Indies.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1972

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2 (paper cover)
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

The Expeditions 1

Current Knowledge of the Fauna 1

Purpose and Scope of This Report 1

Zoogeography of the Marine Species 3

Acknowledgments 5

Key to West Indian Shallow-water Families of Natantian Decapods 5

Section Penaeidea 6

Family PENAEIDAE 6

Key to West Indian Shallow-water Genera 6

Subfamily PENAEINAE 7

Genus Metapenaeopsis 7

Key to Western Atlantic Species 7

1. M. gerardoi 7

2. M. goodei 7

3. M. hobbsi 7

4. M. martinella 7

5. M. smithi 8

Genus Penaeus 8

Key to Adults of West Indian Species 8

Subgenus Melicertus 8

6. P. (M.) aztecus subtilis 8

7. P. (M.) brasiliensis 9

8. P. (M.) duorarum notialis 9

Subgenus Litopenaeus 9

9. P. (L.) schmitti 9

Genus Tr achy penaeus 9

Key to Atlantic Species 9

10. T. constrictus 9

11. T. similis 9

Genus Trachypeneopsis 10

12. T. mobilispinis 10

Genus Xiphopenaeus 10

13. X. kroyeri 10

Subfamily SICYONIINAE 10

Genus Sicyonia 10

Key to Western Atlantic Species 10

14. 5. brevirostris 11

15. S. dorsalis 11

16. S. laevigata 11

17. S. parri 11

18. S. stimpsoni 11

19. S. typica 11

20. S. wheeleri 11

Family SERGESTIDAE 12

Key to Genera Occurring in Atlantic Coastal Waters 12

Subfamily SERGESTINAE 12

Genus Acetes 12

21. A. americanus 12

Subfamily LUCIFERINAE 12

Genus Lucifer 12

Key to Atlantic Species 12

III
JV SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

22. L. faxoni 12

23. L. typus 13

Section Caridea 13

Family ATYIDAE 13

Key to West Indian Genera 13

Genus Atya 14

Key to Eastern American Species 14

24. A. innocous 14

25. A. lanipes 14

26. A. scabra 14

Genus Jonga 14

27. /. serrei 14

Genus Micratya 14

28. M. poeyi 14

Genus Potimirim 14

Key to West Indian Species 14

29. P. americana 15

30. P. glabra 15

31. P. mexicana 15

Genus Typhlatya 15

Key to Species 15

32. T. garciai 15

33. T. monae 15

34. T. p ear sex 15

Genus Xiphocaris 16

35. X. elongata 16

Family PASIPHAEIDAE 16

Genus Leptochela 16

Key to Atlantic Species 16

36. L. bermudensis 16

37. L. carinata 16

38. L. serratorbita 16

Family DISCIADIDAE 16

Genus Discias 16

Key to Atlantic Species 16

39. D. atlanticus 17

40. D. serratirostris 17

Family RHYNCHOCINETIDAE 17

Genus Rhynchocinetes 17

41. R. rigens 17

Family PALAEMONIDAE 17

Key to West Indian Genera 17

Subfamily PALAEMONINAE 18

Genus Brachycarpus 18

Key to Species 18

42. B. biunguiculatus 18

43. B. holthuisi 18

Genus Leander 19

44. L. tenuicornis , 19

Genus Macrobrachium 19

Key to West Indian Species 19

45. M. acanthurus 20

46. M. carcinus 20

47. M. crenulatum 20

48. M. faustinum 20

49. M. heterochirus 20

50. M. jelskii 20

Genus Palaemon 21

Key to West Indian Species 21

Subgenus Palaeander 21
NUMBER 9 8

51. P. (P.) northropi 21

Subgenus Palaemon 21

52. P. (P.) pandaliformis 21

Genus Palaemonetes 21

Subgenus Palaemonetes 21

Key to Caribbean Species 21

53. P. (P.) carteri 21

54. P. (P.) intermedius 22

55. P. (P.) octaviae 22

Genus Troglocubanus 24

Key to Species 24

56. T. calcis 24

57. T. eigenmanni 24

58. T. gibarensis 24

59. T. inermis 24

60. T. jamaicensis 24

Subfamily PONTONIINAE 24

Genus Anchistioides 24

61. A. antiguensis 24

Genus Coutierea 25

62. C. agassizi 25

Genus Lipkebe 25

63. L. holthuisi 25

Genus Neopontonides 25

64. N. beaufortensis 25

Genus Periclimenaeus .' 25

Key to Western Atlantic Species 25

65. P. ascidiarum 26

66. P. atlanticus 26

67. P. bermudensis 26

68. P. bredini 26

69. P. caraibicus 28

70. P. maxillulidens 28

71. P. pearsei 29

72. P. perlatus 29

73. P. schmitti 29

74. P. wilsoni 29

Genus Periclimenes 29

Key to Western Atlantic Species 29

75. P. americanus 31

76. P. anthophilus 32

77. P. bowmani 32

78. P. crinoidalis 35

79. P. finlayi 35

80. P. harringtoni 37

81. P. iridescens 37

82. P. longicaudatus 37

83. P. magnus 37

84. P. meyeri 37

85. P. paivai 38

86. P. pandionis 38

87. P. pauper 38

88. P. pedersoni 38

89. P. perryae 38

90. P. rathbunae 38

91. P. tenellus 38

92. P. yucatanicus 38

Genus Pontonia 39

Key to Western Atlantic Species 39
VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

93. P. domestica 39

94. P. margarita 39

95. P. mexicana 39

96. P. miserabilis 40

97. P. quasipusilla 41

98. P. unidens 43

Genus Pseudocoutierea 43

99. P. antillensis 43

Genus Tuleariocaris 46

100. T. neglecta 46

Genus Typton 46

Key to Western Atlantic Species 46

101. T. carneus 46

102. T. distinctus 49

103. T. gnathophylloides 52

104. T. prionurus 52

105. T. tortugae 52

106. T. vulcanus 52

Family GNATHOPHYLLIDAE 52

Key to Atlantic Genera 52

Genus Gnathophylloides 52

107. G. mineri 52

Genus Gnathophyllum 53

Key to Western Atlantic Species 53

108. G. americanum 53

109. G. circellum 53

110. G. modestum 53

111. G. splendent 53

Family ALPHEIDAE 53

Key to Western Atlantic Genera 53

Genus Alpheopsis 54

Key to Western Atlantic Species 5*

112. A. labis 55

113. A. trigonus 56

Genus Alpheus 57

Key to Western Atlantic Species J7

114. A. amblyonyx 59

115. A. armatus 62

116. A. armillatus 62

117. A. bahamensis 63

118. A. barbadensis 63

119. A. beanii 63

120. ^4. belli 63

121. A. bouvieri 63

122. A. candei 64

123. A. cristulifrons 64

124. A. cylindricus 65

125. A. floridanus 65

126. A. formosus 67

127. A. heterochaelis 67

128. A. intrinsecus 68

129. A. malleator 68

130. A. normanni 68

131. A. nuttingi 68

132. A. paracrinitus 69

133. A. peasei 69

134. A. ridleyi 69

135. A. schmitti 70

136. A. simus 73

137. A. viridari 73
NUMBER 9 8 VII

Genus Automate 73

Key to Western Atlantic Species 73

138. A. evermanni 74

139. A. gardineri 74

140. A. rectifrons 75

Genus Leptalpheus 77

141. L. forceps 77

Genus Metalpheus 77

142. M. rostratipes 78

Genus Neoalpheopsis 78

143. N. hummelincki 78

Genus Salmoneus 78

Key to Western Atlantic Species 78

144. S. arubae 79

145. S. ortmanni 79

Genus Synalpheus 79

Key to Western Atlantic Species 79

146. S. anasimus 82

147. S. androsi 86

148. S. apioceros 86

149. S. barahonensis 86

150. S. bousfieldi 86

151. S. brevifrons 89

152. S. brooksi 92

153. S. curacaoensis 92

154. S. disparodigitus 92

155. S. dominieensis 92

156. S. filidigitus 92

157. S. fritzmuelleri 92

158. S. goodei 93

159. S. hemphilli 93

160. S. herricki 93

161. S. latastei tenuispina 93

162. S. longicarpus 93

163. S. mcclendoni 94

164. S. minus 94

165. S. obtusifrons 99

166. S. osburni 102

167. S. pandionis 102

168. S. paraneptunus 103

169. S. pectiniger 103

170. S. rathbunae 103

171. S. sanctithomae 104

172. S. tanneri 104

173. S. townsendi 104

Genus Thunor 104

174. T. rathbunae 104

Family OGYRIDIDAE 105

Genus Ogyrides 105

Key to Western Atlantic Species 105

175. O. alphaerostris 106

176. O. limicola 106

177. O. occidentalis 106

178. O. yaquiensis 106

Family HIPPOLYTIDAE 106

Key to West Indian Genera 106

Genus Barbouria 107

Key to Species 107

179. B. antiguensis 107

180. B. cubensis HO

Genus Exhippolysmata HO
VTII SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

181. E. oplophoroides 110

Genus Hippolyte 110

Key to Western North Atlantic Species 110

182. H. coerulescens Ill

183. H. curacaoensis Ill

184. H. nicholsoni 113

185. H. pleuracanthus 118

186. H. zostericola 118

Genus Latreutes 121

Key to Atlantic Species 121

187. L.fucorum 121

188. L. inermis 121

189. L. parrulus 124

Genus Lysmata 124

Key to Western Atlantic Species 125

190. L. anchisteus 125

191. L. grabhami 128

192. L. intermedia 128

193. L. moorei 128

194. L. rathbunae 129

195. L. wurdemanni 129

Genus Merguia 129

196. M. rhizophorae 129

Genus Thor 129

Key to Atlantic Species 129

197. T. amboinensis 130

198. T. dobkini 133

199. T. floridanus 136

200. T. manningi 137

Genus Tozeuma 141

Key to Atlantic Species 141

201. T. carolinense 141

202. T. cornutum 141

203. T. serratum 141

Trachycaris 142

204. T. restrictus 142

Family PROCESSIDAE 142

Key to Genera 142

Genus Ambidexter 142

205. A. symmetricus 142

Genus Nikoides 142

206. N. schmitti 142

Genus Processa 142

Key to Western Atlantic Species 142

207. P. bermudensis 143

208. P. fimbriata 143

209. P. guyanae 143

210. P. hemphilli 143

211. P. profunda 143

212. P. riveroi 143

213. P. tenuipes 143

214. P. vicina 144

215. P. wheeleri 144

Section Stenopodidea 144

Family STENOPODIDAE 144

Key to Western Atlantic Shallow-water Genera 144

Genus Microprosthema 144

216. M. semilaeve 144

Genus Stenopus 144

Key to Western Atlantic Species 144
NUMBER 98 DC

217. S. hispidus 144

218. S. scutellatus 145

Station List 145

Literature Cited 156

Index 165

Illustrations

Figure Page

1. Base Locations of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expeditions 2

2. Diagrammatic Shrimp Illustrating Descriptive Terminology 4

3. Palaemonetes octaviae 22

4. Palaemonetes octaviae 23

5. Periclimenaeus bredini 27

6. Periclimenes bowmani 33

7. Periclimenes bowmani 34

8. Periclimenes finlayi 36

9. Pontonia miserabilis 40

10. Pontonia quasipusilla 42

11. Pseudocoutierea antillensis 44

12. Typton carneus 47

13. Typton distinctus 50

14. Typton distinctus 51

15. Alpheopsis labis 55

16. Alpheus amblyonyx 60

17. Alpheus floridanus 65

18. Alpheus floridanus 65

19. Alpheus floridanus 66

20. Alpheus floridanus 66

21. Alpheus schmitti 70

22. Alpheus schmitti 71

23. Automate gardineri 75

24. Automate rectifrons 76

25. Synalpheus anasimus 82

26. Synalpheus anasimus 83

27. Synalpheus anasimus? 84

28. Synalpheus anasimus? 85

29. Synalpheus bousfieldi 87

30. Synalpheus bousfieldi 88

31. Synalpheus brevifrons 90

32. Synalpheus brevifrons 91

33. Synalpheus mcclendoni 95

34. Synalpheus mcclendoni 96

35. Scatter Diagrams Illustrating Variability between Synalpheus brevicarpus and

S. minus 97

36. Synalpheus minus 98

37. Synalpheus obtusifrons 100

38. Synalpheus obtusifrons 101

39. Thunor rathbunae 105

40. Barbouria antiguensis 108

41. Barbouria antiguensis 109

42. Hippolyte coerulescens 112

43. Hippolyte coerulescens 113

44. Hippolyte curacaoensis 114

45. Hippolyte curacaoensis 115

46. Hippolyte nicholsoni 116

47. Hippolyte nicholsoni 117

48. Hippolyte pleuracanthus H9
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

49. Hip poly te zostericola 120

50. Hippolyte zostericola 122

51. Latreutes inermis 123

52. Latreutes inermis 124

53. Lysmata anchisteus 126

54. Lysmata anchisteus 127

55. Thor amboinensis 131

56. Thor amboinensis 132

57. Thor dobkini 134

58. Thor floridanus 136

59. Thor manningi 137

60. Thor manningi 138

61. Graph Illustrating Sex Distribution in Thor manningi 140
Fenner A. Chace, Jr. The Shrimps of the

Smithsonian-Bredin

Caribbean Expeditions

with a Summary of the

West Indian

Shallow-water Species

(Crustacea: Decapoda:

Natantia)

Introduction

T H E EXPEDITIONS.—The four Caribbean expeditions sponsored by Mr. and Mrs. J. Bruce Bredin of

Wilmington, Delaware, and led by Waldo L.

Schmitt (then Head Curator of the Department of

Zoology and now Zoologist Emeritus in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution), had as their primary objective the collection of

study material for the national collections. The first

Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition (9 March

to 17 April 1956) visited 15 islands in the Lesser

Antilles between Trinidad and Barbuda, as well as

Virgin Gorda and Tortola in the British Virgin

Islands. The second Expedition (25 March to 3 May

1958) visited nine of the United States and British

Virgin Islands and six of the northernmost Leeward

Islands. Narratives of these two cruises have been

published by Schmitt (1957, 1959). The third Expedition (2 April to 4 May 1959) collected at eight of

the Lesser Antillean islands between Trinidad and

Barbuda. The fourth Expedition (26 March to 3

May 1960) concentrated on the Yucatan Peninsula,

Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

chiefly along the east coast and islands of Quintana Roo, and a brief stop was made at Grand Cayman. The localities of the collecting operations during the four expeditions are depicted in Figure 1. A

complete list of the marine stations occupied is on

file in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

Smithsonian Institution.

CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE FAUNA.—The marine decapod shrimps of the western tropical Atlantic,

deplorably, are little known except for the commercial penaeideans that have been studied intensively by Burkenroad, Perez Farfante, and others.

General works on the Caribbean natantians are limited to Young (1900), Verrill (1922), Schmitt

(1935), and Holthuis (1959). Of the 13 families

represented in littoral and sublittoral zones of the

West Indies, the Penaeidae were summarized by Anderson and Lindner (1945), the Atyidae have been

reviewed by Chace and Hobbs (1969), the Palaemonidae by Holthuis (1951b, 1952), the Gnathophyllidae by Manning (1963), some of the Alpheidae by Coutiere (1909) and Zimmer (1913), the

Processidae by Manning and Chace (1971), and the

Stenopodidae by Holthuis (1946). The remaining

literature on the fauna is widely scattered.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT.—As indi1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Angu11 la

Saint Martin

t^Barbuda

mt Christopher

oNevis

-Redonda

<)Montserrat

Dominica

^V/ X Martinique

Zl /lsjin t Luc island

^ MSaint Vincent

•*• '-Mustique

lOt\ \^ * 'Carnacou Island

Tobal ^p

Trinidad

FIGURE 1.—Primary localities at which collections were made during the Smithsonian-Bredin

Caribbean Expeditions.

cated above, the collections of the SmithsonianBredin Expeditions were intended to improve the

representation of the Caribbean fauna in the national

collections; no extensive series of formal reports on

them is contemplated. This does not imply agreement

with the opinion that such expedition and faunistic

reports "are no longer looked at with favor" and "are

among the most inefficient kinds of taxonomic

papers" (Mayr 1969: 262). For some of the lesser

known faunas, such reports still form an effective

medium for the gradual, cooperative accumulation of

systematic knowledge at the primary level, which is

essential to reliable biogeographic and ecologic

investigation.

The 846 lots, 7,103 specimens, of natantians collected during the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions

added 20 previously undescribed species to the 150

shallow-water species known heretofore from the

West Indies and Yucatan. Also, two new genera and

nine additional new West Indian species have been

described from other sources during the course of the

study, bringing the total increase in known species to

nearly 20 percent. On the other hand, 59 species, or

nearly 40 percent of those previously recorded from

the region, are not represented in the SmithsonianBredin collections. This evidence that many more

taxa will be discovered when improved collecting

techniques are employed discouraged any thoughts of

attempting more definitive revisionary studies for the

time being and suggested a report of this kind as the

best means of making current information available

to biologists interested in the Caribbean fauna as well
NUMBER 9 8

as a means of establishing a basis for future monographs or revisions.

With these objectives in mind, I have tried to provide clues to the identification and distribution of all

of the decapod shrimps (Natantia) now known from

waters, both marine and fresh, immediately adjacent

to the islands of the West Indies. Included in this account are a few extraterritorial species that may be

expected to occur within the suggested geographic

and bath;, metric boundaries.

The lack of conformity in the headings to the

keys is intentional, resulting from an attempt to utilize currently available knowledge as broadly as practicable. In order to facilitate identification, however,

the characters used in keys to families and genera relate to the species included in this report and do not

necessarily apply to species of these taxa occurring

elsewhere. Genera and species are arranged alphabetically. The species have been assigned consecutive

numbers to facilitate reference between keys and discussion of the species in the text. Taxa marked with

an asterisk (*) are represented in the SmithsonianBredin collections. The references cited for each

species are limited to the original description and,

usually, to one or more subsequent published records, including at least one reference to illustrations

whenever possible. The lack of synonymies in the

systematic account is partially compensated for in the

index, where synonyms not mentioned elsewhere are

cross-referenced to the taxonomic names herein considered to be valid. Inasmuch as the principal objective of the four Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean

Expeditions was the enhancement of the reference

collections of the Smithsonian Institution and the collecting of as much study material as possible during

the five or six weeks that were devoted to field work

during each of those cruises, the time available for

ecologic observations was, perforce, limited; the information on habitat preferences of each of the

species is not, therefore, always as exact or complete

as might be desired.

In regard to natantian morphological terminology,

it is hoped that Figure 2 will be helpful to general

biologists and collectors.

ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MARINE SPECIES.—A detailed analysis of the distribution of the Caribbean

shallow-water natantian shrimps is not practical at

the present time; no fewer than 40 of the 192 species

from unrestricted marine waters included in this report are still known only from the type-localities, and

available collections of many of the remaining 152

species are not sufficiently extensive to justify more

than some very general conclusions.

Barriers to the distribution of species with pelagic

larvae are virtually nonexistent throughout the region. The presence or absence of a species on any

Caribbean coast is largely dependent on the availability of habitats there, rather than on more direct

isolating factors. It is noteworthy that no fewer than

31 species (30 percent of the 103 marine species collected during all four expeditions) were taken in a

single afternoon at one station (73-56) in English

Harbour, Antigua Island, and 17 additional species

were taken at other stations in that historic port. In

general, however, the larger of the West Indian islands have the more varied habitats and, hence, the

greater diversity of species.

It is probably not surprising that 63 marine species

are common to the Lesser Antilles and to Yucatan or

a neighboring part of the Mexican coast; many more

of the 144 species known from the easternmost islands

of the area undoubtedly will be discovered in Yucatan when that region is investigated more intensively.

On the other hand, only 6 of the 70 marine species

now known from the Yucatan area have not yet been

recorded from any of the West Indian Islands. Two of

these 6, Palaemonetes intermedius and Thor floridanus, probably have their centers of distribution farther

north or are confined to continental shores. The remaining 4, Periclimenaeus bredini, Synalpheus anasimus, S. obtusifrons, and Lysmata rathbunae, have

been described during the course of this study; the

latter species may be confined to subtropical waters

off the south and east coasts of the United States, but

the other 3 are known thus far only from Yucatan.

Two of the West Indian islands, Cuba and Trinidad, seem to have transitional faunas. A few species

that are known otherwise only from North American

shores have been recorded from the northern and

southwestern coasts of Cuba. Similarly, a few South

American species have reached Trinidad but seem

not to have progressed farther northward.

The following tabulation of the range limitations

of the 153 marine species now known from the West

Indies and/or Yucatan is of questionable significance

because of the meager data available, but it tends to

confirm the belief that there is probably no endemic

natantian marine fauna in the Caribbean.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Number of species extending northward

Beyond Cape Hatteras, North Carolina 12

To the southeastern United States south of Cape

Hatteras 31

To the Bermudas, but not to the continental United

States 25

To the Gulf of Mexico, but not to the east coast of

the United States 12

To the Florida Keys only 21

To Yucatan only 15

Number of species not extending northward beyond the

northernmost islands of the West Indies (not including the Bermudas) 36

Number of species not extending southward beyond the

southernmost islands of the West Indies 102

Number of species extending southward

To Colombia and Venezuela only 5

To the Guianas only 4

To Brazil 39

Five of the 12 species that extend northward beyond Cape Hatteras have also been recorded from

Brazil, and at least 14 of the 31 species that reach the

southeastern coast of the United States south of Cape

Hatteras also occur in Brazil.

Although 30 of the species are known thus far only

from the West Indies (not including the Bermudas),

most of them are known only from the original specimens. It seems likely that few, if any, of the marine

species are confined to the West Indies, as additional

collecting, especially in northeastern South America,

will probably demonstrate.

Of the marine species from the West Indies or

Yucatan, 79 percent are known only from the western Atlantic, but the remaining 31 species are more

widely distributed eastward or westward, as follows:

_ Car

Prop.--" ,

1 _.Dct'

" Prpd

FIGURE 2.—Diagrammatic shrimp showing the terms used in description. (After Chace and

Hobbs, 1969.)

Abd — abdomen

Ant = antennal region

antPd = antennal peduncle

antrPd — antennular peduncle

antSc = antennal scale

antSp = antennal spine

Api = appendix interna

Apm —appendix masculina

artK = articular knob

artM = articular membrane

Br—branchial region

brSp = branchiostegal spine

Bs = basis

Car=carapace

Card = cardiac region

Cm—cornea

Crp—carpus

cvg=cervical groove

Cx = coxa

Dct- dactyl

End —endopod

Epp—epipod

Exp —exopod

Eyst-eyestalk

Fgr—finger

Flg-flagellum

Ftl —frontal region

Gst—gastric region

Hep —hepatic region

hepSp — hepatic spine

Isc —ischium

L—walking leg

Mer—merus

Mxpd — third maxilliped

Orbl —orbital region

Plm—palm

Plpd —pleopod

Pirn—pleuron

Prop — propodus

Prpd — pereiopod

Prtp — pro topodi te

Ptsm = petasma

R—rostrum

Stic—stylocerite

Tel — telson

Terg— tergum

Urpd — uropod
NUMBER 9 8 5

Number of species known from the mission to extract the species key from her exemplary

Eastern Atlantic only 14 review o f th e u s Metabenaeobsis; she also loEastern Pacific only 4 , , , ., . , r

Indo-West Pacific only 3 cate d an d trans P ° rte d candean type-material from

Eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific 4 the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard,

Eastern Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific 3 thereby greatly facilitating the solution of a major

Eastern Pacific and Indo-West Pacific 0 taxonomic problem. Henry B. Roberts helped with

Entire pantropical region 3 numerous bibliographic questions. Albert L. Ruffin,

These data are certainly insufficient to justify any Jr., editor, exposed more than a few errors of cornconclusions, but the absence of species common to mission and omission while preparing the manuscript

the western Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and Indo-West for publication. Waldo L. Schmitt, as leader of the

Pacific (but not the eastern Atlantic) tends to sup- Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions, was the dominant

port the postulate that the unbroken expanse of deep force behind the entire report and its conversion into

water between the eastern Pacific and the Indo-West its ultimate format.

Pacific regions forms an effective barrier to the pan- Invaluable assistance also was received from biolotropical distribution of marine species. gists in other institutions. Dorothy E. Bliss of the

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—The Smithsonian Institu- American Museum of Natural History kindly examtion, particularly the Department of Invertebrate ined caridean material in that museum. Ailsa M.

Zoology of the National Museum of Natural History, Clark of the British Museum (Natural History) furis immeasurably indebted to Mr. and Mrs. J. Bruce nished identifications of crinoid hosts. Sheldon DobBredin for the extensive collections of Crustacea and kin of Florida Atlantic University graciously relinother marine life that have resulted from their in- quished his prior claim to revision of the caridean

terest in the sea and its inhabitants and from their genus Thor and made his notes available to me. Gary

support of the Institution's scientific expeditions. I am Hendrix of the School of Marine and Atmospheric

personally grateful to them for the opportunity to Sciences at the University of Miami generously ofparticipate in the first of the Caribbean cruises. I fered important specimens and observations on new

hope that this report may demonstrate, in a small and rare alpheids from the Florida Keys. L. B. Holway, how much individuals with an interest in the thuis of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in

world they live in can contribute to man's still insig- Leiden furnished valuable notes and specimens from

nificant knowledge of the forms of life with which he his personal collections, especially from Curacao;

shares this planet. also, his incomparable manuscript synonymies of canMany of my Smithsonian colleagues should share deans was a constant source of important informathe by-line of this study. Thomas E. Bowman con- tion. Herbert W. Levi of the Museum of Comparatributed information on distributions and associations tive Zoology at Harvard cooperated by lending typeof certain of the species. Maureen E. Downey fur- material housed in that institution. Finally, Conrad

nished identifications of echinoderm hosts. Horton H. Mahnken permitted inclusion in this report of an

Hobbs, Jr., offered suggestions on distributional prob- analysis of an unusually large and well-preserved

lems. Raymond B. Manning, who was prevented from series of commensal shrimps collected during Operaofficially coauthoring the report by the pressure of tion Tektite I (the 1969 underwater exploration off

administrative commitments, provided important in- St. John in the Virgin Islands).

formation on carideans from southern Florida and To all of these goes my sincere gratitude. May the

Puerto Rico; he also reviewed the manuscript. Isabel legitimate resentment of those others who contributed

Perez Farfante made the penaeid section of the paper to the undertaking over a three-year period, but

much more authoritative and useful than it would whose names have been inexcusably omitted, be

otherwise have been by checking and correcting my tempered by freedom from public censure for the

identifications and manuscript and by granting per- shortcomings of the study!

Key to West Indian Shallow-water Families of Natantian Decapods

1. Pleura of second abdominal somite not overlapping those of first somite; third pereiopod usually chelate 2
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to West Indian Shallow-water Families of Natantian Decapods—Continued

Pleura of second abdominal somite overlapping those of first and third somites; third

pereiopod not chelate. *Section Caridea 4

2.(1) Third pereiopod much longer and more robust than first and second; males without

petasma. *Section Stenopodidea *Stenopodidae

Third pereiopod usually longer but never more robust than first and second; males

with petasma. *Section Penaeidea 3

3.(2) Fourth and fifth pereiopods well developed *Penaeidae

Fourth and fifth pereiopods greatly reduced or absent *Sergestidae

4.(1) Second pereiopod with undivided carpus 5

Second pereiopod with carpus subdivided into 2 or more articles 10

5.(4) First and second pereiopods with fingers of chela pectinate on opposable margins

•Pasiphaeidae

First and second pereiopods with fingers not pectinate 6

6.(5) First pereiopod with movable finger compressed, semicircular, deeply recessed in slit

in propodus when flexed Disciadidae

First pereiopod with normal chela 7

7.(6) First and second pereiopods with fingers usually bearing conspicuous terminal brushes

of long hairs; if not, all pereiopods bearing exopods *Atyidae

First and second pereiopods with fingers not bearing conspicuous brushes of long hairs;

pereiopods without exopods 8

8.(7) Rostrum articulated with carapace, movable *Rhynchocinetidae

Rostrum immovably fused with carapace 9

9.(8) Third maxillipeds greatly expanded, forming operculum covering other mouth parts

•Gnathophyllidae

Third maxillipeds not unusually broad *Palaemonidae

10.(4) Eyes borne on extremely long stalks, reaching nearly to end of antennular peduncle

Ogyrididae

Eyestalks not unusually long 11

11.(10) Eyes usually partially or entirely covered by carapace, incapable of free lateral movement; if not, rostrum lacking or represented by barely visible tooth *Alpheidae

Eyes exposed and freely movable; rostrum well developed 12

12.( 11) Rostrum usually distinctly dentate; if not, not as below *Hippolytidae

Rostrum short, unarmed except for subdistal dorsal tooth forming asymmetrically bifid,

setose tip *Processidae

•Section Penaeidea

Family PENAEIDAE

Key to West Indian Shallow-water Genera

1. Carapace with at least one strong tooth in posterior half of dorsal midline; pereiopods

without exopods. *Subfamily Sicyoniinae *Sicyonia

Carapace unarmed in posterior two-thirds of dorsal midline; pereiopods with exopods.

•Subfamily Penaeinae 2

2.(1) Rostrum with one or more teeth on ventral margin *Penaeus

Rostrum with ventral margin unarmed 3

3.(2) Telson with posterior pair of lateral spines fixed, not movable; basal segment of antennular peduncle with small spine on ventromedian margin *Metapenaeopsis

Telson with posterior pair of lateral spines movable or lacking; basal segment of antennular peduncle unarmed on ventromedian margin 4

4.(3) Rostrum unarmed in distal half; fourth and fifth pereiopods distally filiform, much longer

than third pair Xiphopenaeus

Rostrum dentate nearly to tip; fourth and fifth pereiopods not unusually elongate 5

5.(4) Carapace with longitudinal lateral suture *Trachypenaeus

Carapace without lateral suture *Trachypeneopsis
NUMBER 98

•Subfamily PENAEINAE

*Genus Metapenaeopsis Bouvier, 1905a

Key to Western Atlantic Species

(From Perez Farfante, 1971)

1. Thelycum with median plate bearing horseshoe-shaped marginal strip and coiled lateral

strips. Petasma with distoventral projection cleft by deep sinus into 2 long, subequal

lobes *5. M. smithi

Thelycum with median plate lacking marginal and coiled strips. Petasma with distoventral projection simple, forming single lobe or cleft by shallow sinus into 2 subequal

or unequal lobes 2

2.(1) Thelycum with anteromedian portion of transverse plate strongly depressed; median

plate bearing prominent bosses with posterolateral angles produced. Petasma with distoventral projection forming single lobe 3. M. hobbsi

Thelycum with anteromedian portion of transverse plate elevated; median plate bearing

bosses with posterolateral angles not produced. Petasma with distoventral projection

cleft by shallow sinus forming 2 lobes 3

3.(2) Thelycum with anterior part of median plate convex, bearing 2 large pits. Petasma with

distoventral projection mittenlike in outline, large left lobe extending distally far

beyond small right lobule 1. M. gerardoi

Thelycum with anterior part of median plate concave, bearing 2 small pits. Petasma with

distoventral projection distally cleft into 2 subequal or unequal lobes, if unequal,

larger lobe not extending much beyond smaller lobe 4

4.(3) Thelycum with anterior part of median plate long, half or more as long as median plate.

Petasma with distoventral projection cleft into 2 unequal lobes, right lobe sensibly

larger than left *2. M. goodei

Thelycum with anterior part of median plate short, less than half as long as median

plate. Petasma with distoventral projection cleft into 2 subequal lobes or left lobe

slightly larger than right *4. M. martinella

1. Metapenaeopsis gerardoi Perez Farfante

Metapenaeopsis gerardoi Perez Farfante, 1971:20, figs. 11,

12, 13c.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico,

18°08.5'N, 67°23'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas, Florida Keys, West Indies, and Caribbean coast of Central and South

America; surface to at least 299 meters.

*2. Metapenaeopsis goodei (Smith)

Parapenaeus goodei Smith, 1885:176.

Metapenaeopsis goodei.-—Perez Farfante 1971:9, figs. 2-8,

13A.

MATERIAL.—Peter Island (Sta. 18-58: 1? ; Sta.

21-58: 2c?)—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 40-58: lc?).—

Barbuda (Sta. 99-59: 1 $ ).—Mustique (Sta. 34-56:

2yo*).—Isla Mujeres (Sta. 26-60: Id1).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were dredged on

sand or shell bottoms in 4/ 2 to 20 meters, but the immature males from Mustique were found in the sublittoral zone off a coral reef.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Bermudas to

Estado da Bahia, Brazil; surface to 329 meters.

3. Metapenaeopsis hobbsi Perez Farfante

Metapenaeopsis hobbsi Perez Farfante, 1971:24, figs. 13D,

14-17.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Northwest of Cabo Cordera,

Venezuela, between 10°44'N, 66°07'W and 10°45'N,

66°08'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas to Estado do Espirito

Santo, Brazil, and Caribbean coasts of Central and

South America; 12 to 137 meters or more.

*4. Metapenaeopsis martinella Perez Farfante

Metapenaeopsis martinella Perez Farfante, 1971:16, figs. 9,

10, 13B.
8

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 93-58: 60*,

7 $ ) .—Dominica (Sta. 52-56: lyd1, 19)-—Tobago

(Sta. 20-59: 1 $ ; Sta. 38-59: 2 ? ).

HABITAT.—The largest lot of this species was taken

at Antigua Island at the surface over a depth of 7

meters with a light at night. The other specimens

were obtained by dredging in from 4 to more than

11 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Acarau, Estado do Ceara,

Brazil, 2°10/S, 39°52'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba to Estado de Pernambuco,

Brazil, and the western Caribbean; less than 4 to

137 meters.

*5. Metapenaeopsis smithi (Schmitt)

Penaeopsis smithi Schmitt, 1924a:62, figs. \b, c, 2a, c.

Metapenaeopsis smithi.—Pe"rez Farfante, 1971:29, figs. 13E,

18-22.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 10-58: Id ,

1 y ? ) .—Barbuda (Sta. 113a-58: lyd") .—Antigua

Island (Sta. 83-56: 1 cT ) -—Isla de Cozumel (Sta.

100-60: lyd1).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 67-60:

ly? ; Sta. 85-60: lyd1, 4y$ ; Sta. 91-60: Id, 2

juv.; Sta. 95-60: 4 juv.).

HABITAT.—All but one of the lots listed above

were collected on sand and turtle-grass flats in less

than 2 meters of water. The single exception was

taken along a seawall at night with the aid of a

flashlight.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Caracas Baai, Curasao.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and southeastern Florida to Curasao, mostly near islands; sublittoral to

more than 366 meters.

*Genus Penaeus Fabricius, 1798

Key to Adults of West Indian Species

(See Pe"rez Farfante (1969) for other western Atlantic species and subspecies.)

1. Lateral rostral grooves extending onto carapace only slightly beyond posterior tooth of

rostral series; male with petasma lacking pair of conspicuous hoodlike projections

curving around distomedian margin; female with thelycum open, not provided with

heavy membranes meeting in midline. Subgenus Litopenaeus 9. P. (L.) schmitti

Lateral rostral grooves reaching nearly to posterior margin of carapace; male with petasma

bearing conspicuous hoodlike projections curving around distomedian margin; female

with thelycum provided with heavy membranes meeting in midline. *Subgenus Melicertus 2

2.(1) Petasma of male with pointed tip of stiff marginal strip projecting freely at distomedian

end, not attached to surrounding tissue; flaps of thelycum of female produced anteriorly and tightly closed, anterior carina if present not protruding in midline

•7. P. (M.) brasiliensis

Tip of marginal strip of petasma not projecting freely at distomedian end; flaps of thelycum not meeting anteriorly in midline, exposing short longitudinal carina 3

3.(2) Posterior extensions of lateral rostral grooves narrow, each less than three-fourths as wide

as median ridge separating them; distal margins of petasma unarmed; anteromedian

carina of thelycum bifurcate anteriorly *6. P. (M.) aztecus sub tilts

Posterior extensions of lateral rostral grooves broad, each usually more than threefourths as wide as, and often wider than, median ridge; curved distal edge of stiff

marginal strip of petasma bearing 2-12 small spinules; anteromedian carina of thelycum not bifurcate anteriorly *8. P. (M.) duorarum notialis

*Subgenus Melicertus Rafinesque, 1814

*6. Penaeus (Melicertus) aztecus subtilis Perez

Farfante

Penaeus aztecus subtilis Pdrez Farfante, 1967:87, figs. 2, 3;

1969:546, figs. 51-59.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 74-56:

Sta. 83-56: Id1).

HABITAT.—The small female in this collection was

taken in a seine haul on mud bottom in very shallow

water; the larger male was obtained along a seawall

at night with a flashlight.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Punta Gallinas, Comisaria de
NUMBER 98

la Guajira, Republic of Colombia; 12°29'N, 71°5'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba and Honduras to Estado do

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; to a depth of 192 meters.

*7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis Latreille

Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817:156.

Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis.—Perez Farfante 1969:

562, figs. 68-77.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 105-58: 13^,12?).—

Antigua Island (Sta. 74-56: lyd1; Sta. 83-56: 1 d ;

Sta. 80-58: 1 c* ,5 9 ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56:

lyo*, 2y 9 , 1 ?) .—Tobago (Sta. 38-59: lycf ).—Bahia

de la Ascension (Sta. 62-60; ly $ ; Sta. 64-60: ly $ ;

Sta. 65-60: 18yd1, 15y$ ; Sta. 89-60: ly ? ; Sta. 93-

60: I?).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 43-60:

lyd1).

HABITAT.—The specimens listed above were taken

in a variety of situations: on mud bottoms in very

shallow water (1 or 2 feet), sometimes near mangroves; on sand and turtle-grass flats; in a lagoon;

on sand in 13-17 meters; and at the surface at night

near a seawall.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Bermudas to

Estado do Rio Grando do Sul, Brazil; to a depth of

275 meters.

*8. Penaeus (Melicertus) duorarum notialis Perez

Farfante

Penaeus duorarum notialis Perez Farfante, 1967:94, fig. 4;

1969:520, figs. 32-38.

MATERIAL.—Saint Thomas (Sta. 33-58: 19).—

Barbuda (from dinghy in lagoon, 25 April 1958:

lyo*)-—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 65-60: 2o")-

HABITAT.—The specimen from Saint Thomas was

dredged in 4 to 9 meters and those from Yucatan

were seined in less than 2 feet.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Golfo de Venezuela off Las Piedras, 11°44/N, 7O°22'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba and Yucatan to Estado do

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (except between Estado do

Maranhao and Estado da Bahia) ; to a depth of

732 meters.

Subgenus Litopenaeus Perez Farfante, 1969

9. Penaeus (Litopenaeus) schmitti Burkenroad

Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, 1936:315, figs, la, 2, 3.

Penaeus (Litopenaeus) schmitti.—Pdrez Farfante 1969:487,

figs. 14-19.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Kingston, Jamaica.

DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba and British Honduras to

Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil; to a depth of 37

meters.

Genus Trachypenaeus Alcock, 1901

Key to Atlantic Species

Female with thelycum pubescent, lips of transverse groove strongly convex; male with sternal

elevation between coxae of fifth pereiopods goblet-shaped, constricted posteriorly

10. T. constrictus

Female with thelycum naked, lips of transverse groove truncate; male with sternal elevation between coxae of fifth pereiopods triangular, sloping regularly to posterior apex

11. T. similis similis

10. Trachypenaeus constrictus (Stimpson)

Penaeus constrictus Stimpson, 1871:135.

Trachypenaeus constrictus.—A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier

1909:232, figs. 60-63, pi. 5: figs. 7-10; pi. 6: figs. 1, 2.

Trachypeneus constrictus.—Williams 1965b: 31, fig. 21.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Beaufort, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—Chesapeake Bay, Bermudas, and

Gulf of Mexico to Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil;

to a depth of 59 meters.

11. Trachypenaeus similis (Smith)

Parapenaeus constrictus var. similis Smith, 1885:175.

Trachypeneus similis.—Burkenroad 1934b: 96, figs. 10, 11.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Paria, Venezuela, 10°

37'40"N, 61°42'40"W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico to Estado do

Para, Brazil; to a depth of 80 meters.

REMARKS.—The eastern Pacific analogue T. similis

pacificus Burkenroad, 1934a, was proposed as a sub-
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

species instead of a distinct species because of the

nature rather than the constancy of distinguishing

characters. If it retains this status, the Atlantic form

should be called T. similis similis.

*Genus Trachypeneopsis Burkenroad, 1934a

Only one Atlantic species is known.

*12. Trachypeneopsis mobilispinis (Rathbun)

Metapenaeus mobilispinis Rathbun, 1920:320, figs. 1, 2a-c.

Trachypeneopsis mobilispinis.—Burkenroad 1934a:41.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 99-59: 1 o* ) .—Saint

Christopher (Sta. 104-56: 1$) .

HABITAT.—The male specimen was dredged in 8

meters; the female was attracted to a light at the

surface over a depth of 7 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cave Round Bay, Saba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and Bay of Campeche

eastward to Cuba, Cay Sal Bank, Turks Islands,

Saba, Barbuda, and Saint Christopher; the few

available depth records indicate that the species

occurs in about 7 meters.

Genus Xiphopenaeus Smith, 1869a

Only one Atlantic species is known.

13. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller)

Penaeus Kroyeri Heller, 1862:425, pi. 2: fig. 51.

Xiphopeneus kroyeri.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:55, figs. 6, 7e.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil; in estuaries

and offshore to a depth of 44 meters.

•Subfamily SICYONIINAE

*Genus Sicyonia H. Milne Edwards, 1830

Key to Western Atlantic Species

(Adapted in part from Anderson and Lindner, 1945)

1. Antennal angle nearly or quite unarmed, without buttressed spine; second abdominal

somite with narrow notch or perpendicular incision in anterior half of dorsal carina;

first pereiopod with short distal spine on basis and ischium 2

Antennal angle armed with buttressed spine; second abdominal somite with dorsal carina

entire, not incised; first pereiopod with basis and ischium unarmed 3

2.(1) Carapace armed dorsally with 3 unequal teeth, anterior one smallest; first abdominal

somite with 2 vertical furrows on pleuron, anterior one indistinct *16. S. laevigata

Carapace armed dorsally with 3 subequal teeth; first abdominal somite with 3 vertical

furrows on pleuron, posterior one less distinct than other two *17. 5. parri

3. (1) Carapace armed dorsally with 3 or 4 teeth, of which 3 are large and placed far posterior

to orbital margin 14. S. brevirostris

Carapace armed dorsally with 2 or 3 teeth, of which only 1 or 2 are large 4

4.(3) Carapace armed dorsally with 2 or 3 teeth, of which 2 are large and placed far posterior

to orbital margin 19. S. typica

Carapace armed dorsally with 2 teeth, of which only 1 is large and placed far posterior

to orbital margin 5

5.(4) First abdominal somite with tooth at anterior end of dorsal carina bifurcate; fifth abdominal somite without tooth or sharp angle in midline at posterior end of dorsal

carina 20. S. wheeleri

First abdominal somite with tooth at anterior end of dorsal carina simple, not bifurcate;

fifth abdominal somite with tooth or sharp angle in midline at posterior end of dorsal

carina 6

6.(5) Rostrum nearly horizontal; first abdominal somite with anteroventral margin of pleuron

concave or straight; third, fourth, and fifth abdominal somites terminating posteriorly

in long slender spines either side of midline 15. S. dorsalis

Rostrum directed dorsally at distinct angle above horizontal; first abdominal somite

with anteroventral margin of pleuron convex; third, fourth, and fifth abdominal

somites terminating posteriorly only in short angular projections either side of midline

18. S. stimpsoni*

•And S. burkenroadi Cobb, 1971 (Crustaceana, 20(1): 105).
NUMBER 9 8 11

14. Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson

Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1871:132.—A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier 1909:245, figs. 72-83, pi. 7.—Williams 1965b: 35, figs. 25, 26.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"S. Florida Coast."

DISTRIBUTION.—Off Chesapeake Bay to Bahamas,

Cuba, and Gulf of Mexico as far as northeastern

Yucatan Peninsula, to a depth of 330 meters; also

Pacific coast of southern Mexico.

15. Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley

Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, 1878:97.—Williams 1965b: 37,

fig. 28.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas,

Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to French Guiana; to a depth of 420 meters. Apparently this species has not yet been reliably recorded

from any of the West Indian islands; the West Indian specimens that have been verified are referable

to S. stimpsoni.

*16. Sicyonia laevigata Stimpson

Sicyonia laevigata Stimpson, 1871:131.—Williams 1965b:

33, figs. 22, 23.

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 85—60:

HABITAT.—The single specimen presumably came

from a tide pool or from rocks near low-tide level.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Charleston, South Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; to a depth of 90 meters. Also Pacific

coast of Panama.

*17. Sicyonia parri (Burkenroad)

Eusicyonia parri Burkenroad, 1934a: 80, fig. 22.

Sicyonia parri.—Williams 1965b: 34, fig. 24.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 23-58: 1 o* ) .—Barbuda

(Sta. 108-58: 1 ?).—Dominica (Sta. 52-56: 1? ;

Sta. 75-59: ly?).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 64-59;

1?).—Tobago (Sta. 20-59: Id1).

HABITAT.—One of the specimens listed above was

found among boulders and dead coral heads just offshore in little more than 1 foot of water, but most of

the material was seined or dredged in from less than

1 to 20 meters, especially on bottoms of sand and mud

with turtle grass.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Crooked Island, Bahamas.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina, Florida, and West

Indies to Brazil; to a depth of 30 meters.

18. Sicyonia stimpsoni Bouvier

Sicyonia Stimpsoni Bouvier, 1905b: 748.

Sicyonia dorsalis.—A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier 1909:

253, figs. 86-88, pi. 8: figs. 4-13. [Not S. dorsalis Kingsley.]

Sicyonia stimpsoni.—Williams 1965b: 38, fig. 29.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Barbados; 13°03'05"N,

59°36'18"W. [Restricted by lectotype selection of

Holthuis, 1959:76.]

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to French Guiana; to a depth of 420 meters.

19. Sicyonia typica (Boeck)

Synhimantites typicus Boeck, 1864:189.

Sicyonia Edwardsi.—A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier 1909:

251, pi. 8: figs. 1-3.

Sicyonia typica.—Williams 1965b:36, fig. 27.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Molde Fjord, west coast of Norway [presumably erroneous].

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil; to a depth of 68 meters.

20. Sicyonia wheeleri Gurney

Sicyonia wheeleri Gurney, 1943:1, figs. 1—31 [larval stages].

—Burkenroad 1945:5, figs. 5-8 [adult].

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Virgin Islands, and

Leeward Islands as far south as Sint Eustatius; to a

depth of 42 meters.

REMARKS.—The authorship of this species demonstrates how the best of intentions may sometimes be

thwarted by the well-intentioned rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Gurney

would certainly have been deeply grieved to learn

that his description of the larval stages was the original valid description of a species that he credited to

Burkenroad and that had been identified for him by

Burkenroad. Very possibly, Gurney thought that the

species had previously been described and that only

the deficient means of communication during the war
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

years prevented him from citing the reference to the

description of the adult form. According to Articles

17(4) and 50 of the Code, however, there seems to be

no alternative except to follow the precedent set by

Holthuis (1959:75) and accept Gurney as the author of S. wheeleri. I hoped at one time that Gurney's

description might be invalidated by recourse to Article

13(a)(i), which specifies that "a name published

after 1930 must be .. . accompanied by a statement

that purports to give characters differentiating the

taxon . . . ," but Curtis W. Sabrosky, an active member of the Editorial Committee for the Code and

currently a member of the International Commission

on Zoological Nomenclature, informs me that the

verb "purports" was not selected to emphasize intent

in a situation of this kind. Perhaps unfortunately,

there is no provision of the Code to support the contention of Burkenroad (1945:9, ftn.) that Gurney's

description "may be regarded as having no taxonomic significance" because it "is not accompanied

by a diagnosis or an indication that the species is

•Family SERGESTIDAE

Key to Genera Occurring in Atlantic Coastal Waters

Body not extraordinarily compressed; head not unusually elongate; gills present. Subfamily

Sergestinae Acetes

Body extraordinarily compressed, several times broader dorsoventrally than laterally; head forming long slender "neck" between eyes and mouth; gills absent. *Subfamily Luciferinae

*Lucifer

Subfamily SERGESTINAE

Genus Acetes H. Milne Edwards, 1830

Only one variable species is currently recognized

from the northwestern Atlantic.

21. Acetes americanus Ortmann

Acetes americanus Ortmann, 1893:39, pi. 2: fig. 2.

Acetes americanus carolinae.—Williams 1965b: 39, figs. 30,

31.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Baia de Marajo (mouth of Rio

Tocantins), Estado do Para, Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to Estado do Para, Brazil; to a depth of 42 meters.

•Subfamily LUCIFERINAE

*Genus Lucifer Thompson, 1829

Key to Atlantic Species

Eye and eyestalk slightly if at all more than half as long as "neck" between orbit and anterior

margin of mouth field; posterior ventral process on sixth abdominal somite of adult males

tapering to slender tip »22. L. faxoni

Eye and eyestalk nearly as long as "neck" between orbit and anterior margin of mouth field;

posterior ventral process on sixth abdominal somite of adult males with tip bulbous in out-

»ne 23. L. typus

*22. Lucifer faxoni Borradaile

Lucifer faxoni Borradaile, 1915b:228, 230.—Bowman 1967:

figs. 2c-k, 3d, e.—Bowman and McCain 1967:660-670,

figs. \c, d, 2-6, 8.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 115-56: lye?)- Virgin

Gorda (Sta. 36b-58: 1$).—Barbuda (Sta. 84-56:

5o", 13? [1 ovig.]).—Antigua (Sta. 80-58: 32d,

31 $).—Dominica (Sta. 70-59: 3c?, 8 9).—Martinique (Sta. 50-56: 2 ? ).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta.

49-59: 190d\ 248? [1 ovig.]).—Tobago (Sta. 25-

59: ld \ 7?) .

HABITAT.—The material listed above was collected
NUMBER 98 13

both at the surface at night beneath a light over

depths of 6-20 meters and by plankton nets towed

below the surface in bays in daylight and at night.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hampton Roads, Virginia. By

selecting the specimen figured by Faxon (1878) as

the Iectotype of L. faxoni, Holthuis (1959:54) fixed

the type-locality of the species, but apparently he

erred slightly in referring to the locality as "off Chesapeake Bay." Faxon noted that his specimen was

taken "in the vicinity of Fort Wool," which is situated in the outer part of Hampton Roads, about 17

miles inside the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.

DISTRIBUTION.—From off Nova Scotia to Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil; also central and eastern Atlantic. Although this planktonic species may be found in the

open ocean, together with L. typus, it seems to be

especially prevalent in inshore areas, where the latter

species does not normally occur. The Indo-Pacific

form previously considered to be conspecific with

L. faxoni is now recognized as a distinct species (see

Bowman 1967).

REMARKS.—Examination of the numerous specimens taken at Port Castries, Saint Lucia Island (Sta.

49-59), disclosed what seems to be a considerable size

range at which this species attains maturity. Some of

the smallest specimens, with a postorbital carapace

length of about 1.5 mm, show a developing petasma,

and the single female with what appear to be eggs

attached to the third pereiopods has a carapace

length of only 1.8 mm. On the other hand, the petasma is still rudimentary in some males with a carapace as long as 2.2 mm. The characteristic ventral

processes on the sixth abdominal somite of the male

are not apparent until the petasma is reasonably well

formed. Here again, however, the processes may be

prominent in males noticeably smaller than others in

which the processes are not yet evident. Further

study is needed to determine whether this variation

in size is characteristic of the species or whether it is

indicative of genetic differences that might suggest

the presence of a second species.

These collections do not show the preponderance

of males over females noted in Louisiana populations

by Burkenroad (1934b: 132, 134).

23. Lucifer typus H. Milne Edwards

Leucifer typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837a: 469.

Lucifer typus.—Hansen 1919:53, pi. 4: figs. 6a-k.—Bowman

and McCain 1967:660-670, figs. \a, b, 2-7.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Tropical North Atlantic.

DISTRIBUTION.—Warmer open waters of the North

and South Atlantic oceans approximately between

the 40° parallels. Unlike L. faxoni, this species is not

usually found in inshore waters.

*Section Caridea

•Family ATYIDAE

Key to West Indian Genera

(The only other eastern American genus, Palaemonias Hay, 1901, occurs in subterranean waters

in Kentucky and Alabama.)

1. Pereiopods with exopods 2

Pereiopods without exopods 3

2.(1) Rostrum short and unarmed; eyes reduced, with little or no pigment; chelae of first and

second pereiopods terminating in tufts of long hairs *Typhlatya

Rostrum long, multidentate dorsally and ventrally; eyes large and well pigmented; chelae

of first and second pereiopods not terminating in tufts of long hairs *Xiphocaris

3.(1) Carpus of second pereiopod crescent-shaped, appearing broader than long 4

Carpus of second pereiopod elongate, at least three times as long as broad 5

4.(3) Rostrum dorsally dentate *Micratya

Rostrum dorsally unarmed (in western Atlantic species) Atya

5.(3) Orbital margin armed with minute denticles *Jonga

Orbital margin unarmed *Potimirim
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Genus Atya Leach, 1816

Key to Eastern American Species

1. Rostrum with lateral margins at most faintly sinuous; third pereiopod only slightly more

robust than fourth and not bearing horny scales or tubercles 25. A. lanipes

Rostrum with distinct lateral lobe or tooth on each side in adults; third pereiopod noticeably larger and more robust than fourth and bearing prominent horny scales or

tubercles 2

2.(1) Rostrum with lateral lobes obtuse; body not transversely banded in life 24. A. innocous

Rostrum with lateral lobes acute and directed anteriorly; transverse bands of dark color

at juncture of carapace and abdomen and in anterior part of sixth abdominal somite

26. A. scabra

24. Atya innocous (Herbst)

Cancer (Astacus) Innocous Herbst, 1792:62, pi. 28: fig. 3.

Atya innocous.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:57, figs. 8, lOa-c,

14a, b.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Martinique.

DISTRIBUTION.—Nicaragua to Panama and the

West Indies; freshwater streams.

25. Atya lanipes Holthuis

Atya lanipes Holthuis, 1963a:61, figs. 1, 2.—Chace and

Hobbs 1969:62, fig. 14c.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Saint Thomas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico and Saint Thomas;

freshwater streams.

26. Atya scabra (Leach)

Atys scaber Leach, 1815:345.

Atya scabra.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:63, figs. 9, lOd-f,

\\d, e.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Vicinity of Veracruz, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mexico and the West Indies to

Estado de Pernambuco, Brazil; freshwater streams.

*Genus Jonga Hart, 1961

Only one species is known.

*27. Jonga serrei (Bouvier)

Ortmannia Serrei Bouvier, 1909:332.

Jonga serrei.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:66, figs. 11, 14/, g.

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 73-59: 96 d\ 75 °

[59ovig.], 118 juv.).

HABITAT.—In estuarine and sluggish portions of

freshwater streams, especially among vegetation and

debris.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near Havana, Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies and Costa Rica;

freshwater streams.

*Genus Micratya Bouvier, 1913

Only one species is known.

*28. Micratya poeyi (Guerin-Meneville)

Atya Poeyi Guerin-Meneville, 1855: pi. 2: figs. 7, la-c.

Micratya poeyi.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:70, figs. 12, 13,

14/., i.

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 73-59: 1 juv.).

HABITAT.—In rapidly flowing streams among small

rocks and vegetation.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies and Costa Rica;

freshwater streams.

*Genus Potimirim Holthuis, 1954

Key to West Indian Species

(A fourth species, P. potimirim (Miiller, 1881) is known only from Estado de Pernambuco and

Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil.)

1. Appendix masculina widening distally, about three-fourths as wide as long, posterior

margin slightly and evenly convex 29. P. americana
NUMBER 98 15

Key to West Indian Species—Continued

Appendix masculina widest proximally, not more than half as wide as long, posterior

margin sinuous 2

2.(1) Dorsal margin of rostrum convex d is tally; appendix masculina with deep, unarmed sinus

in posterior margin *30. P. glabra

Dorsal margin of rostrum nearly straight; no deep, unarmed sinus in posterior margin

of appendix masculina 31. P. mexicana

29. Potimirim americana (Guerin-Meneville)

Caridina americana Gu£rin-Meneville, 1855: pi. 2: figs. 13,

13a.

Potimirim americana.—Smalley 1963:178, 179, fig. 2.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba .

DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba, Jamaica, and Trinidad;

freshwater streams.

*30. Potimirim glabra (Kingsley)

Atyoida glabra Kingsley, 1878a:93.

Potimirim glabra.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:76, figs. 15, 196,

c.

MATERIAL.—Tobago (Sta. 27-59: 1?).—Trinidad (Sta. 2-56: 5c?, 4?) .

HABITAT.—On rubble beds of moderately swift

portions of freshwater streams.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pacific drainage of Nicaragua.

DISTRIBUTION.—El Salvador, Nicaragua, and

Costa Rica, Lesser Antilles, and Rio de Janeiro and

Sao Paulo states, Brazil; freshwater streams.

31. Potimirim mexicana (De Saussure)

Caridina mexicana De Saussure, 1857:505.

Potimirim mexicana.—Villalobos 1960:295, pis. 6-9.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Veracruz, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeastern Mexico to Costa

Rica and Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; freshwater streams.

•Genus Typhlatya Creaser, 1936

Key to Species

1. Rostrum reaching anteriorly about twice as far as eyes; eyes without pigment

34. T. pearsei

Rostrum not reaching anteriorly as far as eyes; eyes with small but distinct pigment spots

: 2

2.(1) Exopod on fifth pereiopod nearly as well developed as those on preceding ones

32. T. garciai

Exopod on fifth pereiopods greatly reduced, barely discernible *33. T. monae

32. Typhlatya garciai Chace

Typhlatya garciai Chace, 1942b: 99, pi. 29.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cave at Banes, Provincia de Oriente, Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from a subterranean

freshwater stream at the type-locality.

*33. Typhlatya monae Chace

Typhlatya monae Chace, 1954:318, fig. 1.—Chace and

Hobbs 1969:80, fig. 16.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 100-58: 3 ? .—Sta.

90-59: 4?) .

HABITAT.—Subterranean fresh water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Well near Sardinera, Isla Mona.

DISTRIBUTION.—Isla Mona and Barbuda; subterranean fresh water.

34. Typhlatya pearsei Creaser

Typhlatya pearsei Creaser, 1936:128, figs. 31-41.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Balam Canche Cave, east southeast of Chichen Itza, Estado de Yucatan, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Caves in Estado de Yucatan,

Mexico; subterranean fresh water.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

*Genus Xiphocaris Von Martens, 1872 HABITAT.—Juveniles in estuarine portions of

freshwater streams, adults in upper reaches, someOnly one species is known. . , ,, ,.-. , 7 r times at considerable altitudes.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Havana, Cuba.

•35. Xiphocaris elongate (Guerin-MeneviUe) DiSTRiBUTioN.-Confined to the West Indian isHippolyte elongatus Guirin-Meneville, 1855: pi. 2: figs. 16, lands- freshwater streams.

16a.

Xiphocaris elongata.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:81, figs. 17,

18> 19e' f' 'Family PASIPHAEIDAE

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 73-59: 3ycT, 6y? , 70

juv.). Only one shallow-water genus is known.

*Genus Leptochela Stimpson, 1860

Key to Atlantic Species

1. Fifth abdominal somite grossly dentate in dorsal midline; sixth somite armed with single,

proximal, dorsomedian, spinelike tooth 37. L. carinata

Fifth and sixth abdominal somites unarmed 2

2.(1) Orbital margin finely serrate or spinulose; telson armed with 1 dorsal and 2 lateral pain

of spines *38. L. serratorbita

Orbital margin entire; telson armed with 1 dorsal and 1 lateral pair of spines

*36. L. bermudensis

*36. Leptochela bermudensis Gurney TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Baia de Marajo, Estado do

. , . . _ .«»«. ,n* e i ,n Para, Brazil, 50-100 meters.

Leptochela bermudensis Gurney, 1939b:427, figs. 1-10.— '

Chace 1940:131, fig. 10. DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas to Estado do Para, Bra-

_ , , . „- „, . zil; in depths of at least 51 meters.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 84-56: 2o*, 1 ovig.

 v

$).—Dominica (Sta. 64-56: 1©*).

HABITAT.—Unlike the two following inshore *38. Leptochela serratorbita Bate

species, L. bermudensis has been collected heretofore , ,. «. ...,..«- ,

, . , , . . Leptochela serratorbita Bate, 1888:859, pi. 139: fig. I.—

only in the open sea, where it occurs at or near the Williams 1965b: 41, fig. 33.

surface at night and at considerable depths during

the day. The present material indicates that it may MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 84-56: 222 cf; 200$

move into shallow coastal waters at night. [8 ovig.]).—Antigua Island (Sta. 93-58: ltf).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off the Bermudas. HABITAT.—Coastal and inshore waters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Off North Carolina and the Ber- TYPE-LOCALITY.—Saint Thomas,

mudas to the Bay of Campeche and Dominica; over DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Bay of Camdepths to 1,280 meters. peche and Antigua Island; possibly to 60 meters.

37. Leptochela carinata Ortmann

Leptochela carinata Ortmann, 1893:41, pi. 4: fig. 1.

Family DISCIADIDAE

Only one genus is known.

Genus Discias Rathbun, 1902

Key to Atlantic Species

Rostrum narrow with subparallel margins; sixth abdominal somite nearly twice as long as fifth,

slightly longer than telson 39. D. atlanticus

Rostrum broadly triangular; sixth abdominal somite little longer than fifth, about half as long

as telson 40. D. serratirostris
NUMBER 98 17

39. Discias atlanticus Gurney

Discias atlanticus Gurney, 1939a:388, figs. 1-13.—Holthuis

1951a:35, fig. 4.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—The Reach, Bermuda Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Guadeloupe, Cape

Verde Islands, and off Gabon; to a depth of 50

meters.

40. Discias serratirostris Lebour

Discias serratirostris Lebour, 1949:1107, figs. 1, 2.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Castle Roads, Bermuda Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the ovigerous

female holotype from the Bermudas; in a depth of

about 30 meters.

•Family RHYNCHOCINETIDAE

Only one genus is known.

*Genus Rhynchocinetes H. Milne Edwards, 1837b

Only one species is known from the Atlantic.

*41. Rhynchocinetes rigens Gordon

Rhynchocinetes rigens Gordon, 1936:76, figs. 1-4, be.—

Manning 1961b: 1, figs. 1, 2.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 102-59: 1 ovig. $) .

HABITAT.—Crevices in rock and coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Madeira.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Florida Keys, Barbuda,

and Madeira; littoral and sublittoral.

•Family PALAEMONIDAE

In an attempt to enhance the practicability of the

following key, readily observable and not necessarily

fundamental characters have been used for the most

part. Disregard of the subfamilies in the key should

not be construed as lack of agreement with the generally accepted classification of the family.

Key to West Indian Genera of Palaemonidae

(The only other eastern American genera are Creaseria Holthuis, 1950b, from Yucatan caves,

and Pseudopalaemon Sol laud, 1911, from fresh water in Uruguay and Argentina.)

1. Third maxilliped with well-developed exopod 2

Third maxilliped without exopod 12

2.(1) Eyes without pigment. (Restricted to subterranean fresh water.) Troglocubanus

Eyes pigmented 3

3.(2) Rostrum armed dorsally with series of prominent teeth 4

Rostrum usually unarmed dorsally, at most with 1 or 2 subapical denticles 11

4.(3) Carapace with hepatic spine on lateral surface far posterior to anterior margin 5

Carapace without hepatic spine 8

5.(4) Telson bearing 2 pairs of terminal spines and usually 1 or 2 pairs of setae 6

Telson bearing 3 pairs of terminal spines 7

6.(5) Three posterior pereiopods with biunguiculate dactyls *Brachycarpus

Three posterior pereiopods widi dactyls simple, without accessory tooth on flexor margin *Macrobrachium

7.(5) Rostrum without lateral flange; carapace with antennal spine on anterior margin; 3

posterior pereiopods 7-segmented, ischium and merus distinct *Periclimen.es

Rostrum with lateral flange; carapace without antennal spine on anterior margin; 3

posterior pereiopods 6-segmented, ischium and merus indistinguishably fused

TuUariocaris

8.(4) Carapace with antennal but without branchiostegal spine on or near anterior margin;

telson with 3 pairs of terminal spines; second pereiopods massive, unequal

*Periclimenaeus

Carapace with both antennal and branchiostegal spines on or near anterior margin;

telson with 2 pairs of terminal spines and 1 or 2 pairs of setae; second pereiopods

elongate, subequal 9

9.(8) Carapace without branchiostegal groove ventral to antennal spine; endopod of first

pleopod of male with accessory appendix *Leand*r

Carapace with branchiostegal groove; endopod of first pleopod of male entire, without

accessory appendix 10
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to West Indian Genera—Continued

10.(9) Mandible with palp *Palaemon

Mandible without palp *Palaetnonetes

11.(3) Rostrum much larger than antennal spines, usually broad and flat; antennal scale well

developed *Pontonia

Rostrum small, spinelike, similar to lateral (antennal?) spines; antennal scale vestigial

*Typton

12.(1) Rostrum not expanded laterally in basal portion; strongly dentate both dorsally and

ventrally *Anchistioidet

Rostrum with eavelike expansions over orbits; unarmed ventrally 13

13.(12) Carapace with hepatic spine on lateral surface far posterior to anterior margin 14

Carapace without hepatic spine 15

14.(13) Carapace with very strong antennal spine, with branchiostegal sinus, and with longitudinal groove or ridge extending over entire length near lateral margin Coutierea

Carapace with very weak and inconspicuous antennal spine, without branchiostegal

sinus or longitudinal groove or ridge near lateral margin Lipkebe

15.(13) Basal expansions of rostrum anteriorly acuminate; carapace with longitudinal groove

extending almost entire length near lateral margin; abdomen with pleura of at

least fourth and fifth somites posterolaterally acuminate *Pseudocoutitr*a

Basal expansions of rostrum evenly convex, not acuminate; carapace without longitudinal groove near lateral margin; abdomen with pleura of all 5 anterior somites

rounded *Neopontonid*t

•Subfamily PALAEMONINAE

*Genus Brachycarpus Bate, 1888

Key to Species

Rostrum nearly straight dorsally; dorsal spines of telson not submarginal, directed posteriorly;

anterolateral tooth of basal segment of antennular peduncle overreaching second segment;

mandibular palp not reduced, reaching at least to distal third of incisor process; carpus of

first pereiopod slightly longer than chela *42. B. biunguiculatus

Rostrum convex dorsally; dorsal spines of telson submarginal, directed obliquely laterad; anterolateral tooth of basal segment of antennular peduncle not overreaching second segment;

mandibular palp reduced, not reaching midlength of incisor process; carpus of first pereiopod

about half as long as chela 43. B. holthuisi

*42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas)

Palaemon biunguiculatus Lucas, 1846:45, pi. 4: fig. e.

Brachycarpus biunguiculatus.—Holthuis 1952:3, pi. 1.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 115-56: ly?).—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 111-58: 2 ? [1

ovig.]).—Saba Bank (Sta. 106-56: 1?).—Nevis

(Sta. 67-58: ly ? ; Sta. 70-58: ly 9 ) .—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 ? ; Sta. 77-56: 1 ? ; Sta. 83-56:

3d ; Sta. 112-59: 1 ? ).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta.

52-60: lo", 1? ; Sta. 72-60: 2 <?) .—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60: 1 ovig.? ).

HABITAT.—This species was collected in most habitats surveyed by the expeditions: eroded coral and

reefs; rock-studded sandy shore; Porites flats; weedcovered seawall at night; and turtle-grass flats in 2 -

13 meters. Immature specimens were taken in a mollusk trap set in 48 meters and at a surface light at

night over a depth of 11 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Oran and Bone, Algeria.

DISTRIBUTION.—Probably pantropical; littoral and

sublittoral.

43. Brachycarpus holthuisi Fausto Filho

Brachycarpus holthuisi Fausto Filho, 1966:123, figs. 1-11.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off coast of Estado do Ceara,

Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-series;

in 30-60 meters.
NUMBER 98 19

*Genus Leander E. Desmarest, 1849

Probably only one species is known from the West

Indies. The species from Florida Bay tentatively identifiied as L. paulensis Ortmann, 1897, by Manning

(1961c) is easily distinguished from L. tenuicornis,

especially by the strong mesial lobe on the lateral extension of the first segment of the antennular peduncle (apparently Manning's figures Id and 2e are

transposed), but I have seen specimens of this species

only from the west coast of Florida. Its identity with

Ortmann's species from Sao Paulo, Brazil, remains to

be verified.

*44. Leander tenuicornis (Say)

Palaemon tenuicornis Say, 1818:249.

Leander tenuicornis.—Holthuis 1952:155, pis. 41, 42.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 23-58: ltf ).—Between

Tortola and Guana Island (Sta. 7-58: 3c?, 4 $

[1 ovig.]).—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 37-58: 1? ; Stas.

37, 38, 39-58: 1 d ).—Anegada (Sta. 42-58: Id1).

—Barbuda (Sta. 108-58: 4 $ [3 ovig.]; Sta. 96-59: 1

ovig.?; Sta. 98-59; 1$ ; Sta. 102-59: 3<f,

2 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 103-59: 1?).—Antigua Island

(Sta. 75-56: 1 tf; Sta. 104-59: ly? ; Sta. 109-59:

8d, 2 ovig. $ ) .—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 64-59:

1$).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 66-60: 2cT).—

Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 42-60: lcf, 1 ? )•

HABITAT.—Probably all of the specimens listed

above were associated with vegetation, either on grass

or Porites flats in shallow water or in clumps of Sargassum floating in the open sea.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Grand Banks.

DISTRIBUTION.—Pantropical except for the extreme eastern Pacific; shallow water and pelagic.

#Genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868

Key to West Indian Species

(See Holthuis (1952) for other eastern American species.)

1. Rostrum long, usually overreaching antennal scale, with 5—11 dorsal teeth, including 1

or 2 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin; second pereiopods of adult male

slender, chela more than eight times as long as broad 2

Rostrum short, reaching at most slightly beyond antennular peduncle, with 10—15 dorsal

teeth, including at least 4 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin; second

pereiopods of adult male robust, chela less than seven times as long as broad 3

2.(1) Rostrum armed throughout dorsal length, posterior tooth usually separated from second

by distance greater than that between second and third; second pereiopod of adult

male spinulose, carpus shorter than chela, fingers densely furred .... *45. M. acanthurus

Rostrum unarmed in distal half or third of dorsal margin except for 2 subapical teeth,

proximal teeth subequally spaced; second pereiopod of adult male smooth, carpus

longer than chela, fingers naked 50. M. jelskii

3.(1) Rostrum with sinuous dorsal margin, tip slightly upturned; second pereiopods of adult

male similar in form if not in size, with short pubescence and short spines along outer

margin of fixed finger and continued onto palm, but spines not forming distinct crest

and not hidden by pubescence 4

Rostrum with dorsal margin nearly straight, tip not upturned; second pereiopods of adult

male unequal in both form and size, with dense long fur partially concealing crestlike

row of long spines on margin of palm 5

4.(3) Posterior teeth of dorsal rostral series not especially erect or noticeably more widely

spaced than others; second pereiopods of adult male subequal, carpus shorter than

merus and about half as long as palm, fingers only slightly shorter than palm, prominent tooth near end of proximal third of opposable margin of fixed finger; abdomen

longitudinally striped in life *46. M. carcinus

Three or 4 teeth of dorsal rostral series more erect and more widely spaced than anterior

ones; second pereiopods of adult male usually unequal in length, major one with

carpus about as long as merus and about three-fourths as long as palm, fingers about

two-thirds as long as palm, none of teeth on opposable margin of fixed finger greatly

enlarged; abdomen transversely banded in life 49. M. heterochirus
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to West Indian Species—Continued

5.(3) Major second pereiopod of adult male with carpus usually longer than merus and fingers

distinctly longer than palm, row of spines along mesial margin of palm and fixed finger

rather long on proximal portion of palm, becoming shorter near midlength of palm,

longer near base of finger, and decreasing again distally on finger. *48. M. faustinum

Major second pereiopod of adult male with carpus shorter than merus and fingers

slightly longer or slightly shorter than palm, row of spines along mesial margin of palm

and fixed finger forming regularly graduated series, not decreasing in length along

central portion of palm *47. M. crenulalum

*45. Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann)

Palaemon acanthurus Wiegmann, 1836:150.

Macrobrachium acanthurus.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:89,

figs. 20, 25a, g.

MATERIAL.—Sugar Factory Pond, Antigua Island;

18 May 1958; William T. Bode: 3d1, 1 ovig.?.—

Sugar Factory Pond, Antigua Island; 19 May 1958;

William T. Bode: Id1, 3? (2 ovig.).

HABITAT.—These specimens were captured in a

wire trap set in 2||/2 feet of water. Sugar Factory

Pond has a maximum depth of 11 feet {V/i meters).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Brazilian coast."

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Estado do Rio

Grande do Sul, Brazil; chiefly fresh water.

*46. Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus)

Cancer Carcinus Linnaeus, 1758:631.

Macrobrachium carcinus.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:93, figs.

21, 25b, h.

MATERIAL.—Sugar Factory Pond, Antigua Island;

18 May 1958; William T. Bode: Id1.—Trinidad

(Sta. 2-56: Id).

HABITAT.—The Antigua Island specimen was captured in a wire trap set in 1l

/i feet of water in a pond

having a maximum depth of 11 feet (3l/i meters).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"in Americae fluviis" (restricted

to Jamaica by Holthuis, 1952).

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida and Texas to Estado de

Santa Catarina, Brazil; chiefly fresh water.

*47. Macrobrachium crenulatum Holthuis

Macrobrachium crenulatum Holthuis, 1950a: 95.—Chace

and Hobbs 1969:99, figs. 22, 25c, i.

MATERIAL.—Tobago (Sta. 44-59: 2o", 2$).—

Trinidad (Sta. 2-56: 29d1, 24$ , 20 juv.).

HABITAT.—Both lots were taken in the lower

reaches of fresh-water streams.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Rio Peje Bobo, Panama.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies, Panama, and Venezuela; fresh water.

*48. Macrobrachium faustinum (De Saussure)

Palaemon Faustinus De Saussure, 1857:505.

Macrobrachium faustinum.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:102,

figs. 23, 25d, j .

MATERIAL.—Tobago (Sta. 44-59: lyd1, 6?) .

Most of these specimens are immature, and the identification is therefore not certain.

HABITAT.—The above lot was collected one-half

mile upstream from the mouth of a fresh-water

stream.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near Jacmel, Haiti.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies; fresh water.

49. Macrobrachium heterochirus (Wiegmann)

Palaemon heterochirus Wiegmann, 1836:149.

Macrobrachium heterochirus.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:

106, figs. 24, 2be, k.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"east coast of Mexico."

DISTRIBUTION.—Estado de Puebla, Mexico, and

the West Indies to Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil; fresh

water.

50. Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers)

Palaemon jelskii Miers, 1877:661, pi. 67: fig. 1.

Macrobrachium jelskii.—Holthuis 1952:26, pi. 4: figs. a-d.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Saint-Georges (O y a p o c k),

French Guiana.

DISTRIBUTION.—Costa Rica, Venezuela, and Trinidad to Brazil; fresh water.
NUMBER 98 21

*Genus Palaemon Weber, 1795

Key to West Indian Species

(See Holthuis (1952) for additional western Atlantic species: P. (Palaeander) floridanus Chace,

1942a, from Florida; and P. (Nematopalaemon) schmitti Holthuis, 1950a, from Surinam.)

Three (rarely 2) teeth of dorsal rostral series situated on carapace posterior to level of orbital

margin; ventral margin of rostrum armed with 3 or 4 teeth; sixth abdominal somite shorter

than telson; antennular peduncle with distal margin of basal segment not overreaching

distolateral tooth; second pereiopod with carpus about as long as chela

*51. P. (Palaeander) northropi

Only 1 tooth of dorsal rostral series situated on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin;

ventral margin of rostrum armed with 5 (rarely 4) to 8 teeth; sixth abdominal somite as

long as telson; antennular peduncle with distal margin of basal segment far overreaching

distolateral tooth; second pereiopod with carpus nearly twice as long as chela

52. P. (Palaemon) pandaliformis

*Subgenus Palaeander Holthuis, 1950b

•51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi (Rankin)

Leander northropi Rankin, 1898:245, pi. 30: fig. 4.

Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi.—Holthuis 1952:192, pi.

47.

MATERIAL.—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: 72 cf, 89$

[18 ovig.]).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 60-60: 1 d,

4$ [3 ovig.]; Sta. 65-60: 113d1, 112? [77 ovig.,

1 9 with branchial bopyrid parasite]; Sta. 68-60:

Id; Sta. 70-60: 2? ; Sta. 76-60: Id"; Sta. 78-60:

ld\2ovig.?).

HABITAT.—Virtually all of the specimens listed

above occurred on sandy mud flats in 1 or 2 feet of

water in the vicinity of mangroves.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nassau, New Providence, Bahama Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and Florida to Estado

de Sao Paulo, Brazil; littoral.

Subgenus Palaemon Weber, 1795

52. Palaemon (Palaemon) pandaliformis (Stimpson)

Leander pandaliformis Stimpson, 1871:130.

Palaemon (Palaemon) pandaliformis.—Holthuis 1952:187,

pi. 46: figs, g-l.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:111, figs. 26,

28a.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Barbados or Trinidad.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies and Guatemala to

Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil; fresh and brackish

water.

*Genus Palaemonetes Heller, 1869

*Subgenus Palaemonetes Heller, 1869

Key to Caribbean Species

(See Holthuis (1952) for other species from eastern America.)

1. Dorsal margin of rostrum unarmed near apex *55 P. (P.) octaviae

Dorsal margin of rostrum with 1 or 2 subapical teeth 2

2. Branchiostegal spine arising slightly posterior to carapace margin; carpus of second pereiopod

longer than chela 53. P. (P.) carteri

Branchiostegal spine arising from carapace margin; carpus of second pereiopod shorter than

chela *54. P. (P.) intermedius
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

53. Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) carteri Gordon

Palaemonetes carteri Gordon, 1935:324, fig. 12.

Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) carteri.—Holthuis 1952:218,

pi. 52: figs, c-o, pi. 53: figs. a-c.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Upper Cuyuni River, Guyana.

DISTRIBUTION.—Venezuela to French Guiana;

fresh water.

*54. Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) intermedius Holthuis

Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) intermedius Holthuis, 1949a:

94, fig. 2H; 1952:241, pi. 55: figs. a-f.

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 78-60:

3cf, 4 $ [1 ovig.]). These specimens vary toward P.

(P.) pugio Holthuis, 1949.

HABITAT.—The specimens were collected after a

small slough or embayment in a mangrove swamp

was poisoned with rotenone. They apparently were

associated with Palaemon northropi.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Box Iron Bay, Chincoteague Bay,

Virginia.

DISTRIBUTION.—The species has been known previously from Massachusetts to Texas; littoral. Apparently this is the first record from beyond the

borders of the United States.

*55. Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) octaviae, new

species

FIGURES 3, 4

MATERIAL.—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: 44cf, 34?

[11 ovig.; one cf is holotype, USNM 135336]).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 83-60: Id).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 3a, 4) straight,

moderately deep, not much, if at all, arched in proximal half, normally extending anteriorly as far as, or

farther than, antennal scale; dorsal margin bearing

6-10, usually 8 or 9, teeth, posteriormost alone invariably situated on carapace or, exceptionally, in line

with posterior margin of orbit, anteriormost usually

placed closer to penultimate tooth than to tip of

rostrum; ventral margin normally armed with 2 or 3,

rarely 4, teeth. Branchiostegal spine arising from

anterior margin of carapace immediately ventral to

branchiostegal groove.

Pleuron of fifth abdominal somite (Figure 3b)

forming acute but sometimes blunt angle. Sixth

somite more than one and one-half times as long as

fifth. Telson (Figure 3c) usually longer than sixth

somite; anterior pair of dorsal spinules situated near

midlength of telson, posterior pair midway between

anterior pair and posterior margin of telson or somewhat closer to anterior pair; posterior margin (Figure

3d) with sharp median point flanked by 2 pairs of

spines and 2 pairs of plumose setae, mesial pair of

spines reaching far beyond median point.

FIGURE 3.—Palaemonetes octaviae, new species, holotype,

male, carapace length 3.2 mm: a, anterior region; b, fifth

abdominal somite; c, telson and uropods: d, end of telson;

e, right antennule; f, right antennal scale; g, right mandible;

h, right first maxilla; i, right second maxilla; ;, right first

maxilliped; k, right second maxilliped; /, right third maxilliped; m, right first pereiopod; n, right second pereiopod;

o, same, chela; p, right third pereiopod; q, right fourth

pereiopod; r right fifth pereiopod; s, right first pleopod;

t, right second pleopod; u, appendix masculina. (Magnifications: a-c, e, f, l-n, p-u, X9.6; g-k, o, X20; d, X40.)
NUMBER 9 8 23

FIGURE 4.—Palaemonetes octaviae, new species, variation in

rostrum of paratypes (figures in parentheses = carapace

lengths in mm): a, male (2.9); b, male (3.0); c, male

(3.2) ; d, female (3.8); e, ovigerous female (4.1); /, ovigerous female (4.1); g, female (4.2); h, ovigerous female (4.2).

(Magnifications: a-h, X9.6.)

Eyes well developed; cornea wider than stalk and

pigmented.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 3e) with slender

stylocerite reaching about to middle of basal segment; anterolateral spine of basal segment reaching

about to level of produced anterior margin of segment; second segment subequal in length to, but

broader than, third segment. Lateral antennular

flagellum with 2 branches fused for 6-9 joints; free

part of shorter branch consisting of 7—13 joints and

about one and one-half times as long as fused portion.

Antennal scale (Figure 3f) more than three times

as long as wide, narrowing slightly in distal half;

blade reaching far beyond lateral tooth.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 3g—l); epipod of

first maxilliped deeply bilobed; third maxilliped

reaching anteriorly about to end of antennal

peduncle.

First pereiopod (Figure 3m) reaching almost as

far anteriorly as does antennal scale; fingers about

as long as palm; carpus about twice as long as chela

and noticeably longer than merus. Second pereiopod

(Figure 3n) overreaching antennal scale by at least

length of fingers; fingers (Figure 3o) about threefourths as long as palm and unarmed on opposable

margins; carpus about one and one-third times as

long as chela; merus slightly longer than chela but

distinctly shorter than carpus; ischium shorter than

merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 3p) reaching nearly

as far as end of antennal scale; propodus about twice

as long as dactyl and one-third again as long as carpus, but clearly shorter than merus. Fourth periopod

(Figure 3q) overreaching antennal scale by most of

length of dactyl; propodus more than twice as long

as dactyl and nearly one and one-half times as long

as carpus, but slightly shorter than merus. Fifth

pereiopod (Figure 3r) reaching as far as, or just

beyond, antennal scale; propodus less than three times

as long as dactyl, less than twice as long as carpus,

about as long as merus.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure 3c) with movable spine between distolateral tooth and margin of

blade.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 2.5-3.3 mm

(holotype, 3.2 mm) ; females 2.8-4.4 mm; ovigerous

specimens, 3.7-4.3 mm.

HABITAT.—Marine sandy mud flats in less than

2 feet of water. The 78 specimens collected at Guadeloupe were apparently associated with twice as many

specimens of Palaemon northropi.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Sandy mud flats between Ilet a

Monroux and Ilet Rat, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known at present only from

Guadeloupe, Leeward Islands, and Territorio de

Quintana Roo, Mexico.

REMARKS.—Palaemonetes octaviae is apparently

so closely related to P. argentinus Nobili, 1901a, which

occurs in freshwater habitats from southern Brazil

to Argentina, that difficulty may be encountered in

distinguishing some specimens of the latter variable

species from the one herein described. In general,

P. octaviae has the dorsal margin of the rostrum less

convex and the teeth of that margin less prominent.

The telson is usually longer than the sixth abdominal

somite, and the posterior pair of dorsal teeth are

placed closer to the anterior pair than to the posterior

margin of the telson, as in P. argentinus. The carpus

of the first and second pereiopods seems to be proportionately a little longer in P. octaviae, and the

propodus of the fifth pereiopod is relatively longer.

The differences in these somewhat variable characters

might be considered of less than specific importance

were it not for the marked difference in habitat of

the two forms.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

This, the first species of Palaemonetes to be recorded from the West Indies, is named for Octavia

M. Bredin in grateful acknowledgment of the interest

shown by her and her husband in suggesting and making possible the four expeditions that added so much

to our knowledge of the Caribbean fauna.

Genus Troglocubanus Holthuis, 1949a

Key to Species

1. Rostrum with 2 or more dorsal teeth 2

Rostrum with single dorsal tooth or unarmed 3

2.(1) Rostrum reaching at least as far as end of antennal scale, armed with 6-8 dorsal teeth

57. T. eigenmanni

Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle, armed with 2 or 3 dorsal teeth

58. T. gibarensis

3.(1) Carapace with anterior margin unarmed 59. T. inermis

Carapace armed, sometimes inconspicuously, with antennal spine 4

4.(3) Rostrum with ventral margin straight or concave throughout; third and fourth pereiopods

with propodus more than three times as long as dactyl 56. T. calcis

Rostrum with ventral margin convex in proximal two-thirds; third and fourth pereiopods

with propodus not more than two and one-half times as long as dactyl

60. T. jamaicensis

56. Troglocubanus calcis (Rathbun) 59. Troglocubanus inermis (Chace)

Palaemonetes calcis Rathbun, 1912[part]:451, pi. 1: figs. 1- Palaemonetes inermis Chace, 1943:26, pi. 6.

3, 5. Troglocubanus inermis.—Holthuis 1952:150, pi. 39.

Troglocubanus calcis.—Holthuis 1952:144, pi. 36. «,»,. .

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cave between Madruga and

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cave between Madruga and Aguacate, Provincia de La Habana, Cuba.

Aguacate, Provincia de La Habana, Cuba. DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-localDISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-local- ity; subterranean fresh water,

ity; subterranean fresh water.

60. Troglocubanus jamaicensis Holthuis

57. Troglocubanus eigenmanni (Hay ) Troglocubanus jamaicensis Holthuis, 1963a:67, fig. 3.

Palaemonetes eigenmanni Hay, 1903:431, fig. 2. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cave near Lucky Hill CooperaTroglocubanus eigenmanni.—Holthuis 1952:146, pi. 37. y, ~, , T

* tive Farm near Goshen, Jamaica.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cave near Ashton, southwest of DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-localAlquizar, Provincia de Pinar del Rio, Cuba. ity; subterranean fresh water.

DISTRIBUTION.—Provincias de Pinar del Rio, La

Habana, and Matanzas, Cuba; subterranean fresh *Subfamily PONTONIINAE

water.

*Genus Anchistioides Paulson, 1875

58. Troglocubanus gibarensis (Chace) Only one species is known from the Atlantic Ocean.

Palaemonetes gibarensis Chace, 1943:28, pi. 7.

Troglocubanus gibarensis.-Holthuis 1952:149, pi. 38. « 6 1 Anchistioides antiguensis (Schmitt)

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Aguada del Montanes, en el Jo- Periclimenes antiguensis Schmitt, 1924c: 84, pis. 3, 4 [as P.

bal, Barrio de Cupeysillo, Termino de Gibara, Pro- barbadensis].

vincia de Oriente, Cuba. Anchistioides antiguensis.—Holthuis 1951b: 175, pi. 57 [legDISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-local-

 en d facin g p L 55]"

ity; subterranean fresh water. MATERIAL.—Saba Bank (Sta. 108-56: 3?) .
NUMBER 9 8 25

HABITAT.—These three small specimens (maximum

carapace length 2.5 mm) were taken at the surface

at night around an electric light over a depth of 55

meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Harbour, Antigua Island.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermuda Islands and Gulf of

Mexico to Antigua Island; to a depth of 49 meters.

Genus Coutierea Nobili, 1901b

Only one species is known.

62. Coutierea agassizi (Coutiere)

Coralliocaris Agassizi Coutiere, 1901:115, fig.

Coutierea agassizi.—Holthuis 1951b: 179, pi. 56.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Barbados.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique specimen collected in 1878 off Barbados; in 172 meters.

Genus Lipkebe Chace, 1969

Only one species is known.

63. Lipkebe holthuisi Chace

Lipkebe holthuisi Chace, 1969:263, figs. 8, 9.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico west-northwest

of Dry Tortugas, 25°13'N, 83°55'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality; in 119 meters.

*Genus Neopontonides Holthuis, 1951b

Only one species is known from the Atlantic Ocean.

*64. Neopontonides beaufortensis (Borradaile)

Periclimenes beaufortensis Borradaile, 1920:132.

Neopontonides beaufortensis.—Holthuis 1951b: 190, pi. 59:

figs, g-k, pi. 60.—Williams 1965b: 49, fig. 41.

MATERIAL.—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 52-59: lcf>

4 $ [2 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Collected from a reef in 12-20 feet of

water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Beaufort, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Panama; subtidal, usually commensal with Leptogorgia.

*Genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915a

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Telson with anterior pair of dorsal spines arising from anterior fourth of segment .... 2

Telson with anterior pair of dorsal spines arising at end of anterior third of segment or

posterior thereto 8

2.(1) Telson with 3 pairs of distal spines inserted in continuous line 3

Telson with lateral pair of distal spines inserted distinctly anterior to intermediate and

mesial pairs 5

3.(2) Rostrum with ventral tooth; carapace with small denticle or sharp tubercle posterior to

orbit; antennal scale with anterolateral tooth distinctly overreaching blade

*69. P. caraibicus

Rostrum unarmed ventrally; carapace without postorbital denticle; antennal scale with

anterolateral tooth not overreaching blade 4

4.(3) Third maxilliped with 2 distal segments broad, penultimate about two and one-half times

as long as broad; first pereiopod with movable finger tapering to tip, not strongly

convex, carpus about one and one-third times as long as chela; minor second pereiopod

with movable finger elongate, not semicircular *65. P. ascidiarum

Third maxilliped with 2 distal segments unusually slender, penultimate about five times

as long as broad; first pereiopod with movable finger strongly convex, carpus about

one and one-half times as long as chela; minor second pereiopod with movable finger

short and broad, nearly semicircular 71. P. pearsei

5.(2) Major second pereiopod with large tooth on opposable margin of fixed finger fitting into

cavity in movable finger; minor second pereiopod with fingers longer than palm

67. P. bermudensis

Major second pereiopod with large tooth on opposable margin of movable finger fitting

into cavity in fixed finger; minor second pereiopod with fingers much shorter than

palm 6
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

6.(5) First pereiopod unusually long and slender, carpus nearly twice as long as chela

72. P. perlatus

First pereiopod not abnormally long or slender, carpus less than one and one-half times

as long as chela 7

7.(6) Rostrum with 7 dorsal teeth; telson with posterior pair of dorsal spines arising from

anterior half of segment *68. P. bredini

Rostrum with 10-12 dorsal teeth; telson with posterior pair of dorsal spines arising from

posterior half of segment 74. P. wilsoni

8. (1) Antennal scale without anterolateral tooth; third pereiopod with dactyl bifid

73. P. schmitti

Antennal scale with anterolateral tooth; third pereiopod without distinct accessory tooth

on flexor margin of dactyl 9

9.(8) Rostrum with 4 dorsal teeth; antennal scale with large anterolateral tooth reaching about

to level of distal margin of blade *66. P. atlanticus

Rostrum with 1 or 2 dorsal teeth; antennal scale with small anterolateral tooth falling far

short of level of distal margin of blade 70. P. maxillulidens

*65. Periclimenaeus ascidiarum Holthuis

Periclimenaeus ascidiarum Holthuis, 1951b:80, pi. 22: figs.

g-l, pi- 23.

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 62-56: 19 or juv.).

This small specimen (carapace length 1.1 mm) is

referred to this species with reservations because only

the first and third pereiopods are present, there are

but 2 dorsal teeth on the rostrum, and the antennal

peduncle does not reach as far as the distal margin

of the antennal scale; it otherwise agrees, however,

with P. ascidiarum.

HABITAT.—This specimen was found on coral-encrusted rocks in 5 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bird Key Reef, Dry Tortugas,

Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Previously recorded from the Dry

Tortugas and off the Caribbean coast of Colombia;

to a depth of 73 meters.

*66. Periclimenaeus atlanticus (Rathbun)

Coralliocaris atlantica Rathbun, 1901:122, fig. 26.

Periclimenaeus atlanticus.—Holthuis 1951b: 83, pi. 24.

MATERIAL.—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 100-60:

1?).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 60-60: 1?) .

HABITAT.—These specimens were taken along shore

near or in turtle-grass beds and near a mangrove

swamp.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Saint Thomas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Previously known only from the

two type-specimens from off Saint Thomas; in 37-42

meters.

67. Periclimenaeus bermudensis (Armstrong)

Periclimenes (Periclimenaeus) bermudensis Armstrong, 1940:

4, figs. 2, 3A-F.

Periclimenaeus bermudensis.—Holthuis 1951b: 107, pi. 32:

figs, d-g, pi. 33.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—The Reach, Saint Georges Island, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Bahamas, and Dry

Tortugas; to a depth of 20 meters.

*68. Periclimenaeus bredini, new species

FIGURE 5

MATERIAL.—Isla Mujeres (Sta. 17-60: 2 ? [1

ovig., holotype, USNM 135339]).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 5a, b) directed

slightly ventrad, reaching anteriorly about as far as

end of basal segment of antennular peduncle; dorsal

margin armed with 7 regularly spaced, spinelike

teeth, posteriormost placed distinctly anterior to level

of posterior margin of orbit; ventral margin sinuous,

unarmed. Carapace smooth, without supraorbital

spines or tubercles. Strong antennal spine placed

close to and concealing acute ventral orbital angle

from lateral view. Postorbital ridge rounded and

indistinct.

All abdominal pleura rounded. Sixth somite slightly

longer than fifth and fully half as long as telson.

Both pairs of dorsal spines of telson (Figures 5^, u)

rather long, especially posterior pair, and originating

in anterior third of segment; lateral pair of posterior

marginal spines placed distinctly proximal to other
NUMBER 9 8 27

FIGURE 5.—Periclimenaeus bredini, new species. Holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

2.9 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, telson and uropods; d, right antennule; e, right antenna; /, right mandible; g, right first maxilla; h, right second maxilla; i, right first maxilliped;

;, right second maxilliped; k, right third maxilliped; I, right first pereiopod; m, right second

pereiopod; n, left second pereiopod; o, right third pereiopod; p, same, dactyl; q, right fourth

pereiopod; r, same, dactyl; 5, right fifth pereiopod; t, same, dactyl. Paratype, female, carapace

length 2.0 mm: u, telson. (Magnifications: a-e, k-o, q, s, u, X15.5; /-;, X31; p, r, t, X59.)

two pairs, tips reaching to bases of intermediate

spines; intermediate and mesial pairs subequal in

length (holotype with considerably longer, presumably aberrant, extra spine in midline).

Eyes with cornea as broad as, but shorter than,

eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure bd) with stylocerite

very broad, short, and pointed, reaching about to

middle of basal segment; outer margin of basal segment with rounded angle near tip of stylocerite and

with concave distal portion terminating in strong

tooth reaching at least to midlength of second segment of peduncle; third segment slightly longer than

second. Lateral antennular flagellum with 2 branches

fused for 4 joints; free part of shorter branch consisting of 3 joints and much less than half as long as

fused portion.

Antennal scale (Figure be) not reaching anteriorly

as far as end of antennular peduncle, fully two and

three-fourths times as long as broad; outer margin

slightly concave, distal tooth not reaching nearly as

far as rounded distal margin of blade. Antennal

peduncle reaching about as far as outer tooth of

scale; basal segment without spine or tooth near

base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures bj-k). Mandible

with incisor process terminating in pair of extremely

minute teeth, molar process with rather sharp termi-
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

nal lobes. Second maxilla with mesial lacinia uncleft, scaphognathite moderately slender. Third maxilliped reaching about as far as end of antennal

scale, exopod reaching slightly beyond end of antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figure 51) overreaching antennal

scale by chela, carpus, and distal fourth of merus;

chela with fingers unarmed and shorter than palm;

carpus slightly longer than chela but distinctly shorter

than merus. Major second pereiopod (Figure 5m)

overreaching antennal scale by chela and carpus;

fingers curved inward, much less than half as long

as palm; movable finger with dorsal margin strongly

convex and opposable margin provided with large

molarlike tooth fitting into socket in fixed finger;

fixed finger with strong tooth at basal part of inner

margin of socket; palm swollen and roughened by

inconspicuous scattered tubercles; carpus about onefourth as long as palm and bearing prominent acute

process; merus less than half as long as palm and

bearing row of tubercles on ventral margin. Minor

second pereiopod (Figure 5n) overreaching antennal

scale by chela and half of carpus; fingers about onethird as long as palm; movable finger with blunt basal

tooth on opposable margin closing against small

tubercle on outer side of fixed finger; fixed finger

with similarly placed basal tooth closing on inner

side of movable finger; palm roughened by small

appressed scattered tubercles; carpus cup shaped, considerably longer than fingers; merus less than half

as long as chela. Third pereiopod (Figure 5o) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and

half of carpus; dactyl (Figure 5p) less than one-fifth

as long as propodus, with distinct sharp tooth on

flexor margin forming bifid tip; carpus about threefourths as long as propodus; merus about one and

one-third times as long as propodus and nearly one

and one-half times as long as ischium. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 5q) more slender than third, overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and half of propodus;

dactyl (Figure 5r) with low rectangular tooth on

flexor margin but not distinctly bifid. Fifth pereiopod

(Figure 5s) more slender than fourth, overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl and one-fourth of propodus;

dactyl (Figure 5t) with rounded prominence but no

tooth on flexor margin.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure 5c) with movable spine between distolateral tooth and margin of

blade.

SIZE.—Ovigerous female holotype with carapace

length of 2.9 mm; female paratype, 2.0 mm.

HABITAT.—Calcareous mud grass flats in 1-3 feet

of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bay side of inlet in harbor at Isla

Mujeres between larger island with oil tanks south of

village and smaller islet to north, Territorio de Quintana Roo, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality.

REMARKS.—Of the American species of Periclimenaeus, P. bredini seems to be most closely related

to P. wilsoni from North Carolina and Florida. It is

readily distinguished from that species by having

only 7, rather than 10-12 rostral teeth and by having the posterior pair of dorsal spines on the telson

placed near the anterior pair, in the proximal third

rather than in the distal half of the telson.

The species is named for J. Bruce Bredin, who

sponsored and participated in the four Caribbean

expeditions and who has contributed in numerous

other ways to the research collections of the Smithsonian Institution.

*69. Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis

Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951b: 110, pi. 32: figs.

h-j, pi. 34.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 102-59: 1 ovig. $).—

Antigua Island (Sta. 79-58: 2 ovig.?).—Dominica

(Sta. 62-56: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Saint Lucia Island (Sta.

53-59: 1 ovig. ?).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta.

60-60: 1$) .

HABITAT.—This species was found in a variety of

habitats: on turtle-grass flats; near a mangrove

swamp; in or on a waterlogged stump; and associated

with coral encrusted rocks in 5 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Buccoo Reef, Tobago.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known previously only from a

single specimen from Tobago.

REMARKS.—Only one of the specimens in the

Smithsonian-Bredin collections differs significantly

from the unique type-specimen; one of the ovigerous

females from Antigua Islands (Sta. 79-58) has 5,

rather than 6, dorsal teeth on the rostrum.

70. Periclimenaeus maxillulidens (Schmitt)

Percilimenes maxillulidens Schmitt, 1936:371, pi. 13.
NUMBER 98 29

Periclimenaeus maxillulidens.—-Holthuis 1951b: 87, pi. 26.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Entrance to Lac, Bonaire.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeastern Gulf of Mexico and

Bonaire; to a depth of 46 meters.

71. Periclimenaeus pearsei (Schmitt)

Coralliocaris pearsei Schmitt, 1932:123, fig. 1.

Periclimenaeus pearsei.—Holthuis 1951b:93, pi. 28.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from Dry Tortugas, Florida, where it lives in the black sponge,

Spongia officinalis; to a depth of 46 meters.

72. Periclimenaeus per lot us (Boone)

Corallocaris perlatus Boone, 1930:45, fig. 8.

Periclimenaeus perlatus.—Holthuis 1951b:99, pi. 30, pi. 32:

fig. a.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Baie des Gonaives, Haiti.

DISTRIBUTION.—Dry Tortugas, Florida to Panama;

to a depth of 37 meters.

73. Periclimenaeus schmitti Holthuis

Periclimenaeus schmitti Holthuis, 1951b: 90, pi. 27.—Williams 1965b: 45, fig. 37.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bogue Sound, North Carolina, and

Dry Tortugas, Florida; shallow water.

74. Periclimenaeus wilsoni (Hay)

Coralliocaris wilsoni Hay, 1917:71.

Periclimenaeus wilsoni.—Holthuis 1951b: 103, pi. 31, pi. 32:

figs, b, c—Williams 1965b: 46, fig. 38.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fishing grounds, 20 miles off

Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—Off Beaufort, North Carolina, Alligator Harbor and Dry Tortugas, Florida, commonly

in sponges; to a depth of 73 meters.

*Genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844

Subgenera based on the presence (Periclimenes) or

absence (Harpilius) of an accessory denticle on the

flexor margin of the dactyls of the three posterior

pereiopods are not recognized here. The groups separated by this character do not seem to be otherwise

homogeneous, and the character has lost the practical

value it may once have had. The species now known

display an uninterrupted series from those with no

accessory denticle, through those with a denticle that

can be discerned only under high magnification, to

those with clearly biunguiculate dactyls, and the complete range has been noted (Holthuis 1951b) in at

least one single species (P. iridescens).

At the suggestion of A. J. Bruce, I have examined

specimens of all of the western Atlantic species of

Periclimenes (with the exception of P. pauper) for

the presence of a slender sternal spine between the

coxae of the first pereiopods. According to Bruce

(in litt.), such a spine is present in several free-living,

predatory species in the Indo-Pacific region. Of the

western Atlantic species, the sternal spine was found

only in P. americanus, but there is a median triangular projection on that sternite in P. rathbunae and a

pair of such projections in P. paivai.

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Antennular peduncle with only 1 spine at distolateral angle of basal segment (in addition to stylocerite) 2

Antennular peduncle with 2 or more spines at distolateral angle of basal segment (in

addition to stylocerite) 14

2.(1) Carapace with anterior margin unarmed (antennal spine absent) 3

Carapace armed with antennal spine below suborbital lobe 5

3.(2) Third pereiopod with distinctly biunguiculate dactyl *82. P. longicaudatus

Third pereiopod with dactyl not distinctly biunguiculate, accessory denticle microscopic 4

4.(3) Rostrum with 1 or 2 teeth on ventral margin; distal segment of antennular peduncle

more than one and one-half times as long as penultimate segment; accessory branch

of lateral antennular flagellum nearly as long as, or longer than, fused portion

85. P. paivai

Rostrum with ventral margin unarmed; distal segment of antennular peduncle sub-
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

equal in length to penultimate segment; accessory branch of lateral antennular flagellum not more than half as long as fused portion ... 87. P. pauper

5.(2) Fifth abdominal pleuron with posteroventral angle pointed; telson with anterior pair

of dorsal spines arising about one-third of length from base of segment; antennal

scale with distal spine overreaching distal margin of blade *75. P. americanus

Fifth abdominal pleuron with posteroventral angle rounded; telson with anterior pair

of dorsal spines arising at, or posterior to, midlength of segment; antennal scale with

distal spine rarely reaching as far as distal margin of blade, usually falling far short

6

6.(5) Third abdominal somite strongly produced posteromesially into laterally compressed

hump 7

Third abdominal somite sometimes moderately produced posteromesially but never

forming laterally compressed hump 9

7.(6) Third pereiopod with dactyl simple and considerably more than one-third as long as

propodus 83. P. ma gnus

Third pereiopod with dactyl distinctly biunguiculate and not more than one-fourth

as long as propodus 8

8.(7) Carapace with hepatic spine arising anterior to level of posterior tooth of rostral series;

carpus of major second pereiopod less than half as long as chela 76. P. anthopkilus

Carapace with hepatic spine usually arising at, or posterior to, level of posterior tooth

of rostral series; carpus of major second pereiopod usually more than half as long

as chela

 # 88. P. pedenoni

9.(6) Rostrum elongate, more than four times as long as maximum height, one or more of

ventral teeth prominent 10

Rostrum subtriangular in lateral view, less than four times as long as maximum height,

ventral teeth inconspicuous or absent 12

10.(9) Three to 5 closely spaced teeth of rostral series on carapace posterior to level of

orbital margin; first pereiopod with carpus distinctly longer than chela

91. P. tenellus

Two widely spaced teeth of rostral series on carapace posterior to level of orbital

margin; first pereiopod with carpus not noticeably longer than chela 11

11.(10) Sixth abdominal somite nearly three times as long as fifth and longer than telson;

antennal scale with distal spine reaching nearly to level of distal margin of blade;

second pereiopod with fingers longer than palm, carpus more than half as long as

chela *79. P. finlayi

Sixth abdominal somite less than twice as long as fifth and shorter than telson; antennal scale with blade far overreaching distal spine; second pereiopod with fingers

slightly more than half as long as palm, carpus about one-fifth as long as chela

86. P. pandionis

12.(9) Telson with dorsal spines rather large and distinct; major second pereiopod with

fingers no more than one-fourth as long as palm 80. P. harringtoni

Telson with dorsal spines minute and inconspicuous; major second pereiopod with

fingers more than half as long as palm 13

13.(12) Sixth abdominal somite about twice as long as fifth and longer than telson; telson

with anterior pair of dorsal spines arising at about midlength of segment; major

second pereiopod with movable finger not perceptibly stouter than fixed finger

•81. P. iridescens

Sixth abdominal somite slightly more than half again as long as fifth and shorter than

telson; telson with anterior pair of dorsal spines arising at least two-thirds of length

from base of segment; major second pereiopod with movable finger unusually stout,

nearly twice as high as fixed finger *90. P. rathbunae

14.(1) Posterior tooth of rostral series far removed from second tooth and from posterior

margin of orbit; third pereiopod with dactyl deeply biunguiculate

*92. P. yucatanicus

Posterior tooth of rostral series not widely separated from second tooth, situated slightly

posterior or anterior to level of orbital margin; third pereiopod with dactyl simple

or very obscurely biunguiculate 15
NUMBER 98 31

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

15.(14) Antennal scale less than twice as long as broad; major second pereiopod with fingers

less than one-fourth as long as palm 89. P. perryae

Antennal scale considerably more than twice as long as broad; major second pereiopod

with fingers more than half as long as palm 16

16.(15) Abdomen with third somite evenly and weakly convex throughout; antennal scale

typically less than two and one-half times as long as broad; mandible with molar

process hooflike, without obvious teeth or lobes; third pereiopod with dactyl strongly

curved, without indication of accessory denticle or convexity on flexor margin

•77. P. bowmani

Abdomen with third somite produced posteriorly into low hump or cap over anterior

end of fourth somite; antennal scale nearly or more than three times as long as

broad; mandible with molar process dentate or lobate; third pereiopod with dactyl

feebly curved in proximal two-thirds of length, flexor margin bearing inconspicuous

denticle or convexity surmounted by microscopic denticle 17

17.(16) Rostrum slightly but rather abruptly elevated above level of carapace in basal portion;

mandible with incisor process narrower and weaker than molar process; third pereiopod with subdistal convexity surmounted by microscopic denticle on flexor margin

78. P. crinoidalis

Rostrum continuing line of dorsal margin of carapace, not elevated in basal portion;

mandible with incisor process much broader and stronger than reduced molar process; third pereiopod with dactyl armed with inconspicuous denticle on flexor margin

84. P. meyeri

*75. Periclimenes americanus (Kingsley)

Anchistia americana Kingsley, 1878a:96.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) americanus.—Holthuis 1951b: 60,

pi. 18, pi. 19: figs, a-e.—Williams 1965b:43, fig. 36.

MATERIAL.—Peter Island (Sta. 21-58: 1 ovig.

$ ).—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 1 d ; Sta. 23-58: lcf, 2

ovig. ? ) .—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 2d\ 1?).—

Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 3d ; Sta. 112-56: 1 d\

1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 37, 38, 39-58: 1 d ).—Anguilla (Sta.

55-58: 1 d ) .—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: 1 ovig.? ; Sta.

92-56: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 112a-58: 1 ovig.?; Sta.

112c-58: Id, 2 ovig? ; Sta. 98-59: 2d, 4 ovig.? ;

Sta. 102-59: lcf, 4 ovig. ? ) .—Saint Christopher

(Sta. 103-56: 3d, 4? [2 ovig., lcf, 1? associated

with sea anemone Bartholomea annulata]).—Antigua Island (Sta. 74-56: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 78-56:

1 d; Sta. 80-56: 1 d with abdominal bopyrid

parasite; Sta. 81-56: 1 d; Sta. 82-56: lid1,

20? [19 ovig., 1 with abdominal bopyrid parasite];

Sta. 79-58: l<f, 1 ovig.? ; Antigua Beach Hotel, 14

June 1958, William T. Bode: Id, I ovig.?; Sta.

110-59: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: 3d,

3? [2 ovig.]).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 51-59:

1 cf ; Sta. 53-59: 1 d with abdominal bopyrid parasite).—Mustique (Sta. 34-56: 1 ovig.?).—Tobago

Cays (Sta. 22-56: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 24-56: 1? with

abdominal bopyrid parasite).—Carriacou Island

(Sta. 15-56: Ud, 10? [7 ovig.], 2 juv.; Sta. 16-56:

Id1, 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 17-56: Id1).—Tobago (Sta. 4-

59: \d, 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 8-59: Id, 1 juv.; Sta. 31-

59: 1 ? ).—Isla Mujeres (Sta. 26-60: Id1).—Isla de

Cozumel (Sta. 34-60: 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 47-60: 1 ovig.

? ; Sta. 100-60: 1 d, 1 ovig. ? , 1 juv.).—Bahia de la

Ascension (Sta. 53-60: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 60-60: 1 d\

5 ovig. ? ; Sta. 65-60: 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 66-60: 1 ovig.

? ; Sta. 72-60: 1 spec; Sta. 77-60: 2 ovig.? ; Sta.

81-60: Id1; Sta. 87-60: 1 juv.; Sta. 91-60: Id, 1

ovig.?).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60:

\d).

HABITAT.—This species was taken most often in

1-3 feet of water on mud or sand flats and on coral

reefs, associated with turtle grass, dead and living

coral, pilings, stumps, and wrecks. It was found

once in association with a loggerhead sponge and

once with the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata.

The largest lot was collected from the growth on a

boat's hull, and the next largest lot was found on

and near submerged timbers from a wrecked ship.

It also occured on mud bottoms and coral in depths

of 5^2-9 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Key West, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Bermudas to

southern and western Florida and throughout the

West Indies; to a depth of 73 meters.
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

76. Periclimenes anthophilus Holthuis and EiblEibesfeldt

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) anthophilus Holthuis and EiblEibesfeldt, 1964:185, figs. 1-4.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Whalebone Bay, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality, on sea anemones Actinia bermudensis and Condylactis gigantea; in depths of 2-3 meters.

REMARKS.—This species is very near P. pedersoni.

Holthuis and Eibl-Eibesfeldt believed that the latter

species differed from P. anthophilus in having the

hepatic spine placed in line with, or posterior to,

rather than anterior to, the first tooth of the dorsal

rostral series; in having the movable finger of the

major second pereiopod normal, rather than triangular in cross section; and in having the carpus of that

pereiopod nearly as long as the chela, rather than

less than half as long. Periclimenes pedersoni seems

to be a slightly smaller species and it is almost invariably associated with the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata, whereas P. anthophilus was found on

Actinia bermudensis and on Condylactis gigantea but

not on Bartholomea.

The nearly identical color patterns in the two

forms led me to review the variability of the supposedly distinguishing characters in P. pedersoni.

This analysis was based in large part on more than

100 specimens—36 males, 63 females (12 ovigerous),

6 juveniles—kindly made available to me by Conrad

Mahnken, who collected them during Operation

Tektite I in Lameshur Bay, Saint John, in March

and April of 1969. The males in this collection have

carapace lengths of 1.8-3.5 mm and the females

1.9-5.4 mm. All were associated with Bartholomea

annulata. In all of the males and in all females with

carapace lengths of less than 3.0 mm, the hepatic

spine arises from a point slightly to considerably

posterior to the level of the first tooth of the dorsal

rostral series; in larger females, on the other hand,

the hepatic spine is usually placed in line with, or

anterior to, the level of the first rostral tooth. Virtually all of the specimens of both sexes have the

movable finger of the major second pereiopod triangular in cross section, as in P. anthophilus; this

feature, which was inadvertently omitted from the

original description of P. pedersoni, is not obvious in

small specimens, but in at least six of the larger

females, the extensor margin of the movable finger

is strongly produced laterally to form a sharp carina

or flange. The carpus of the major second pereiopod

usually varies from 0.7 to 0.88 of the chela length

in males and from 0.5 to 0.85 in females; most

of the females have the carpus shorter than it is in

any of the males, but there seems to be no correlation

between carpal length and size in either sex.

The different habits and the proportionately

shorter carpus of the major second pereiopod seem

to provide adequate justification for considering the

Bermudian form specifically distinct, but it would

be interesting to determine the limits of variation in

that species.

*77. Periclimenes bowmani, new species

FIGURES 6, 7

MATERIAL.—Saint Lucia (Sta. 57-59: 1 cT, 2 9 [1

ovig., holotype, USNM 135341]).

DESCRIPTION (holotype).—Rostrum (Figures 6a,

b) inclined slightly ventrad, reaching anteriorly to

midlength of distal segment of antennular peduncle;

dorsal margin armed with 8 rather low teeth, posteriormost placed on carapace posterior to level of

orbital margin; ventral margin armed with 3 rather

inconspicuous teeth in distal half; midrib equidistant

from dorsal and ventral margins of rostrum, at least

in distal portion. Antennal spine subequal to hepatic

spine in size and reaching anteriorly nearly as far as

bluntly acute ventral orbital angle. Carapace without

postorbital ridge.

All abdominal pleura broadly rounded. Sixth somite (Figure 6c) nearly twice as long as fifth but

slightly shorter than telson. Dorsal spines of telson

(Figure 6d) rather small, proximal pair situated

distinctly distal to midlength of segment, distal pair

equidistant between proximal pair and extremity of

telson; intermediate marginal spines at posterior end

of telson (Figure 6e) not quite twice as long as

mesial pair.

Eyes with cornea about as broad as, but slightly

shorter than, eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 6f) with stylocerite

sharp and slender, reaching about to midlength of

basal segment; distolateral margin of basal segment

armed with 4 subequal spinelike teeth; second and

third segments subequal in length and width. Lateral

antennular flagellum with 2 branches fused for about
NUMBER 9 8 33

FIGURE 6.—Periclimenes bowmani, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

2.4 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen, posterior part; d, telson and uropods;

e, end of telson; f, right antennule; g, right antenna; h, right mandible; i, right first maxilla;

;, right second maxilla; k, right first maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; m, right third

maxilliped; n, right first pereiopod; o, right second pereiopod; p, left second pereiopod; q, right

third pereiopod; r, same, dactyl; s, right fourth pereiopod; t, same, dactyl; u, right fifth pereiopod; v, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: c, X7.5; a, b, d, f, g, m—q, s, u, X15.5; h-l, r, t, v,

X31; e, X56:)

5 joints; free part of shorter branch consisting of

about 3 joints and slightly shorter than fused portion.

Antennal scale (Figure 6g) not overreaching antennular peduncle, about two and one-third times as

long as broad; lateral margin nearly straight, distal

tooth falling far short of strongly produced anteromesial angle of blade. Antennal peduncle reaching

about to midlength of scale; basal segment without

distinct lateral spine near base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 6h-m). Mandible

with incisor process armed with 4 teeth, molar process

hooflike, without obvious teeth or angles. Second

maxilla with mesial lacinia moderately cleft, scaphognathite rather broad. Third maxilliped reaching

nearly to midlength of distal segment of antennular

peduncle, exopod falling short of end of antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figure 6n) overreaching antennal

scale by length of fingers of chela; fingers unarmed

and slightly longer than palm; carpus noticeably

longer than chela and subequal to merus. Second

pereiopods slightly dissimilar and unequal. Major

cheliped (Figure 6p) overreaching antennal scale by

nearly length of chela; fingers unarmed, distinctly

shorter than palm; carpus less than one-third as long

as chela and less than two-thirds as long as merus;

ischium and merus subequal. Minor cheliped (Figure

6o) of second pair (perhaps regenerated) overreach-
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ing antennal scale by nearly length of chela but

shorter than major cheliped because of smaller chela;

fingers unarmed, distinctly longer than palm; carpus

about two-fifths as long as chela and about seventenths as long as merus; merus and ischium subequal

to those of major cheliped. Third pereiopod (Figure

6q) just overreaching antennal scale; dactyl (Figure

6r) stout, without accessory denticle on flexor margin;

propodus nearly five times as long as dactyl, half

again as long as carpus, distinctly recurved, extensor

margin concave, flexor margin convex and microFIGURE 7.—Periclimenes bowmani, new species, paratype,

male, carapace length 1.0 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen, posterior part; d, telson and uropods;

e, left antennule, /, right antenna; g, right first pereiopod;

h, right second pereiopod; i, right third pereiopod; /, same,

dactyl; k, right fourth pereiopod; /, left fifth pereiopod;

m, right first pleopod; n, right appendix masculina. (Magnifications: c, X15-5; a, b, d-i, k-m, X31; ;, n, X56.)

scopically crenulate; merus about as long as propodus

and nearly one and three-foruths times as long as

ischium. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 6s) reaching

about to end of antennular peduncle; dactyl (Figure

6t) stout, without accessory denticle; propodus nearly

five times as long as dactyl, half again as long as

carpus, somewhat recurved, extensor margin slightly

concave, flexor margin slightly convex and microscopically crenulate; merus about as long as propodus

and about one and three-fourths times as long as

ischium. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 6u) reaching about

to distal end of second segment of antennular peduncle; dactyl (Figure 6v) stout, without accessory

denticle; propodus more than five times as long as

dactyl, more than half again as long as carpus,

nearly straight, flexor margin microscopically crenulate; merus shorter than propodus and about one

and three-fourths times as long as ischium.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure 6d) with inconspicuous movable spine inserted between distolateral angle and margin of blade.

SIZE.—Carapace length of ovigerous female holotype 2.4 mm, of female paratype 1.1 mm, of male

paratype 1.0 mm.

HABITAT.—Associated with unstalked crinoids,

either Nemaster rubiginosa or Tropiometra carinata,

in 6-10 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Reef south of Marigot Harbour,

Saint Lucia, Windward Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality.

REMARKS.—The possibly immature male paratype

differs rather strikingly from the ovigerous female

holotype. The rostrum (Figures la, b) is armed with

only 6 dorsal and 1 ventral teeth, and the posterior

tooth of the dorsal series lies well anterior to the level

of the posterior margin of the orbit. The cornea is

less broad than the eyestalk. The basal segment of the

antennular peduncle (Figure 7e) is armed with only

2, rather than 4, distolateral teeth. The antennal

scale (Figure 7f) is narrower. The carpus of the first

pereiopod (Figure 7g) is shorter, rather than longer,

than the chela. The dactyls of the three posterior

pereiopods are more slender and proportionately

about twice as long as those of the holotype, and the

propodi are not noticeably recurved (Figures 7i-l).

The endopod of the first pleopod (Figure 7m) is

almost imperceptibly bilobed terminally, and the

appendix masculina on the second pleopod (Figure

In) is shorter than the appendix interna.
NUMBER 9 8 35

That this specimen may be subadult is suggested

not only by its small size and the form of the sexual

characters of the pleopods, but also by the fact that

the only slightly larger female paratype shows some

of the same differences, particularly in the form of

the eye, antennule, and pereiopods. This small female

has only 6 dorsal and 2 ventral teeth on the rostrum,

but the posterior tooth of the dorsal series is placed

on the carapace. The basal segment of the antennular

peduncle has 3 distolateral teeth on the left side and

only 2 on the right. It seems very probable, therefore,

that some of the differences noted in the smallest

specimen are indicative of immaturity, but others,

such as the distribution of teeth on the rostrum, may

represent sexual characters. I cannot believe that the

two small specimens are specifically distinct from

the holotype.

Periclimenes bowmani is similar to the other two

species of the genus that are known to be associated

with crinoids in the western Atlantic: P. crinoidalis

and P. meyeri. It differs from both in having the

third abdominal somite less convex posteriorly, the

antennal scale broader, the molar process of the

mandible hooflike rather than dentate or lobate, and

the dactyl of the third pereiopod lacking any trace

of a denticle or convexity on the flexor margin.

This species is named for my colleague Thomas E.

Bowman, who personally collected the only specimens

of the species and whose participation in the Smithsonian-Bredin Expedition of 1959 accounts for the

unusually fine representation of interesting smaller

crustaceans taken that year.

78. Periclimenes crinoidalis Chace

Periclimenes crinoidalis Chace, 1969:251, figs. 1, 2.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Jan Thiel Beach, Curasao, Netherlands Antilles.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality on unstalked crinoids Nemaster grandis; 38

meters.

*79. Periclimenes finlayi, new species

FIGURE 8

MATERIAL.—Off Dominica (Sta. 72-59: 1 ? ) .—

Off Saint Lucia (Sta. 55-59: Id", holotype, USNM

135343).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 8a, b) nearly

horizontal, reaching anteriorly almost as far as end

of antennular peduncle; dorsal margin armed with 8

or 9 teeth, posterior 2 placed on carapace posterior

to orbital margin, posteriormost far removed from

rest of series, remaining teeth rather regularly spaced

and becoming progressively less prominent anteriorly,

causing dorsal margin of rostrum to appear to slope

evenly to tip; ventral margin armed with 3 rather

inconspicuous teeth in distal half; midrib of rostrum

somewhat nearer ventral than dorsal margin, especially in proximal half. Antennal spine overreaching

subacute ventral orbital angle and slightly larger than

hepatic spine. Carapace without typical postorbital

ridge but with orbital and antennal regions depressed

anteroventral to laterally convex line, best seen in

dorsal view, extending posteroventrally from orbital

margin to point well posterodorsal to hepatic spine.

All abdominal pleura rounded. Sixth somite (Figure 8c,) nearly three times as long as fifth and slightly

but distinctly longer than telson. Both pairs of dorsal

spines of telson distinct (Figure fid), proximal pair

situated near midlength of segment, distal pair equidistant between proximal pair and extremity of telson; intermediate marginal spines at distal end of

telson (Figure 8e) more than twice as long as mesial

pair.

Eyes with cornea fully as broad and about as long

as eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 8f) with stylocerite

sharp and slender, reaching about to midlength of

basal segment; anterolateral spine of basal segment

overreaching convex anterior margin of that segment

but not extending beyond midlength of second segment; second segment slightly longer and broader

than third. Lateral antennular flagellum with 2

branches fused for 3 or 4 joints; free part of shorter

branch consisting of 4-6 joints and slightly longer

than fused portion.

Antennal scale (Figure 8g) overreaching antennular peduncle, four times as long as broad; outer margin concave proximally, nearly straight distally, distal

tooth reaching nearly as far as rounded distal margin

of blade. Antennal peduncle reaching about to end

of proximal fourth of scale; basal segment with sharp

lateral spine near base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 8h-m). Mandible

with incisor process armed with 4 teeth, molar process

with rather sharp terminal lobes. Second maxilla

with mesial lacinia rather deeply cleft, scaphocerite

moderately slender. Third maxilliped slightly over-
36

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 8.—Periclimenes finlayi, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 1.7 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen, posterior; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, right

antennule; g, right antenna; h, right mandible; i, right first maxilla; ;, right second maxilla;

k, right first maxilliped; I, right second maxilliped; m, right third maxilliped; n, right first

pereiopod; o, right second pereiopod; p, right diird pereiopod; q, same, dactyl; r, right fourth

pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, right fifth pereiopod; u, same, dactyl; v, right first pleopod; w,

same, endopod; x, right second pleopod; y, same, endopod bearing appendices interna and

masculina. (Magnifications: c, X7.5; a, b, d, f, g, m—p, r, t, v, x, X15.5; h—l, q, s, u, w,

y, X31; e, X56.)

reaching antennal peduncle, exopod reaching about

to end of antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figure Sn) reaching about to end

of antennular peduncle; chela with fingers unarmed

and slightly longer than palm; carpus about threefourths as long as chela and shorter than merus. Second pereiopods (Figure So) subequal, overreaching

antennal scale by two-thirds of chela; fingers unarmed, nearly one and one-third times as long as

palm; carpus slightly more than half as long as chela

and subequal to merus; ischium nearly one and onethird times as long as merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 8p) reaching about to end of second segment

of antennular peduncle; dactyl (Figure 8q) distinctly

bifid; propodus slightly more than three times as

long as dactyl and nearly twice as long as carpus;

merus about as long as propodus and one and

three-fourths times as long as ischium. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 8r) reaching nearly to end of second

antennular segment; dactyl (Figure 8^ distinctly

bifid; propodus nearly three and one-half times as

long as dactyl and more than twice as long as carpus;

merus slightly shorter than propodus and nearly twice

as long as ischium. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 8t) reaching about to end of antennal scale; dactyl (Figure

8u) distinctly bifid; propodus about four times as

long as dactyl and more than twice as long as carpus;

merus perceptibly shorter than propodus and nearly

twice as long as ischium.

First pleopod of male (Figures 8v, w) with endopod terminating in 2 unequal lobes. Appendix

masculina on endopod of second pleopod (Figures

8x, y) shorter than appendix interna. Lateral branch

of uropod (Figure 8d) with inconspicuous movable
NUMBER 9 8 37

spine inserted between distolateral angle and margin

of blade.

SIZE.—Male holotype and female paratype nearly

identical in size, with carapace lengths of 1.7 mm.

HABITAT.—Unknown; captured in mollusk traps

set in 165 and 274 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Marigot Harbour, Saint

Lucia Island, Windward Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from off Dominica

and off Saint Lucia Island, Lesser Antilles; 165 and

274 meters.

REMARKS.—Of the American species of Periclimenes, P. finlayi seems most closely related to P. pandionis, which is known from a single specimen taken

in 179 meters off Key West, Florida. Consideration

was given to the possibility that the present specimens

might represent a growth stage of that species, but

the differences seem too great to be dismissed in that

way. Periclimenes pandionis has the rostrum longer

and its dorsal margin nearly horizontal, rather than

sloping ventrally from the base to the tip. The sixth

somite of the abdomen is less than twice as long as

the fifth and shorter than the telson, rather than

nearly three times as long as the fifth and longer than

the telson. The anterolateral spine of the basal segment of the antennular peduncle is produced farther

anteriorly in P. pandionis. The antennal scale has

the blade much more strongly produced distally,

and the antennal peduncle is much longer. Possibly

the most significant difference is the proportions of

the second pereiopod: P. pandionis has the fingers*

armed with teeth on the opposable margins, and the

fingers are much shorter, rather than longer, than the

palm; the carpus is very much shorter; and the

merus is longer, rather than distinctly shorter, than

the ischium.

It is a pleasure to name this species for John Finlay, whose collecting experience and techniques contributed materially to the success of the SmithsonianBredin Expeditions of 1958 and 1959 and whose specially designed mollusk trap was directly responsible

for the capture of both specimens of this little shrimp.

80. Periclimenes harringtoni Lebour

Periclimenes harringtoni Lebour, 1949:1110, fig. 3.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) harringtoni.—Holthuis 1951b:

35, pi. 9.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Harrington Sound, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and Dry Tortugas,

Florida; to a depth of 119 meters.

*81. Periclimenes iridescens Lebour

Perivlimenes iridescens Lebour, 1949: 1112, figs. 4, 5.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) iridescens.—Holthuis 1951b: 43,

pi. 12, pi. 20: figs, i, ;.

MATERIAL.—Tobago (Sta. 31-59: Id1).

HABITAT.—This specimen was collected on a sand

flat in shallow water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Castle Roads, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Previously recorded from the

Bermudas and Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; to a depth

of 146-183 meters.

*82. Periclimenes longicaudatus (Stimpson)

Urocaris longicaudatus Stimpson, 1860:39.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) longicaudatus.—Holthuis 1951b:

26, pi. 6, pi. 8: fig. m.—Williams 1965b: 42, fig. 35.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 1

ovig. ? ).—Tobago (Sta. 20-59: Id1, 7 juv.).

HABITAT.—The specimen from Virgin Gorda was

taken along shore in shallow water among turtle

grass and Porites; those from Tobago were dredged

in 11-20 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Coast of Carolina."

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Estado da

Paraiba, Brazil; sublittoral.

83. Periclimenes magnus Holthuis

Periclimenes (Harpilius) magnus Holthuis, 1951b:52, pi. 15.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Corpus Christi, Texas, 27°

4CN, 96°34'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique

type-specimen from the Gulf of Mexico; in 50 meters.

84. Periclimenes meyeri Chace

Periclimenes meyeri Chace, 1969:255, figs. 3, 4.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Jan Thiel Beach, Curacao,

Netherlands Antilles.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the typelocality on unstalked crinoids, Nemaster species?; in

24 meters.
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

85. Periclimenes paivai Chace

Periclimenes paivai Chace, 1969:259, figs. 5-7.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cananeia, Estado de Sao Paulo,

Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from Ubatuba and

Cananeia, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil.

86. Periclimenes pandionis Holthuis

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) pandionis Holthuis, 1951b: 41,

pi. 11.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Key West, Florida 24°21'

55"N, 81°58'25"W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique

type-specimen from off Key West; in 179 meters.

87. Periclimenes pauper Holthuis

Periclimenes (Harpilius) pauper Holthuis, 1951b:50, pi. 14.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Isla Cubagua, Venezuela.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique

type-specimen from Isla Cubagua; littoral.

*88. Periclimenes pedersoni Chace

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) pedersoni Chace, 1958:125, figs.

1-17.—Limbaugh, Pederson, and Chace 1961:242, figs. 3,

4.

MATERIAL.—Tortol a (Sta. 26-58: 1 ovig. 9). —

Antigua Island (Sta. 104-59: Id1, 4$ ; Sta. 104a59: 1 ? ; Sta. 116-59: 5$) .

HABITAT.—Th e Tortola specimen was collected by

diving around an old wreck. All of the Antigua Island specimens were found in association with the

sea anemone Bartholomea annulata.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Simms (Lyford) Cay, New

Providence Island, Bahamas.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Florida, Bahamas, Virgin

Islands, and Antigua Island, usually associated with

the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata; in depths of

1^4-9 meters.

REMARKS.—See P. anthophilus.

89. Periclimenes perryae Chace

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) perryae Chace, 1942a: 82, pi.

24.—Holthuis 1951b: 31, pi. 7.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Sanibel Island, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—West Florida and Florida Keys;

about 10 meters. There is a specimen of this species

in the national collections from Tampa Bay and two

from off Alligator Reef light; all three were associated with the basket starfish Astrophyton muricatum.

*90. Periclimenes rathbunae Schmitt

Periclimenes rathbunae Schmitt, 1924a: 58, figs. 5, 6.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) rathbunae.—Holthuis 1951b: 58,

pi. 17.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 $ ;

Sta. 104-59: 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 113-59: 1 $ ; Sta. 116-

59: 1 ovig. $ ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 70-56: 1 ovig.

9 ).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 47-56: 1 ovig. 9 ).—

Tobago (Sta. ?-59: 1 d, 13 $ ).—Bahia de la Ascensi6n (Sta. 52-60: 2 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 67-60: 1 ovig.

?)•

HABITAT.—Most of the documented specimens in

the collection were taken from coral reefs in 1-5 feet

of water; one specimen was found on a dead coral

flat and one along a rock-studded sandy beach.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Spanish Port, Curasao, Netherlands Antilles.

DISTRIBUTION.—Previously recorded with certainty

only from Curasao and Bonaire, tentatively from the

Dry Tortugas, Florida; littoral and sublittoral.

91. Periclimenes tenellus (Smith)

Anchistia tenella Smith, 1882:55, pi. 9: figs. 1-1 b.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) tenellus.—Holthuis 1951b: 32,

pi. 8: figs. a-l.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off South Carolina, 32°O7'N,

78°37'05"W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Latitudes of New Jersey and

South Carolina; 267-419 meters.

*92. Periclimenes yucatanicus (Ives)

Palaemonella Yucatanica Ives, 1891:183, pi. 5: fig. 8.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) yucatanicus.—Holthuis 1951b:

38, pi. 10.—Limbaugh, Pederson, and Chace 1961:240,

fig. 2.

MATERIAL.—Peter Island (Sta. 22-58: 1 ovig.?).

—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 1 ovig. $ ) .—Barbuda

(Sta. 103-56: 2 $ [1 ovig.]) .—Antigua Island (Sta.

73-56: 2d\ 2 ovig. ? ) .—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34-

60: 1 ovig. 9 ).
NUMBER 9 8 39

HABITAT.—The Saint Christopher specimens were

associated with the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata. The Peter Island specimen was found "on

the usual anemone"; it has not been possible to determine whether this was B. annulata or Condylactis

gigantea, with which P. yucatanicus is also known to

associate. All but one of the specimens (the female

from Barbuda was collected at a rotenone poisoning

station) were taken by diving near reefs, to a maximum depth of 9 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Progreso, Estado de Yucatan, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southern Florida to Colombia; to

a depth of 24 meters.

*Genus Pontonia Latreille, 1829

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Carapace pubescent, cervical groove well marked; major second pereiopod with large

rounded tooth on movable finger fitting into completely enclosed socket in fixed finger

98. P. unidens

Carapace not pubescent, without cervical groove; enlarged tooth on movable finger of

major second pereiopod, if present, triangular and fitting into shallow, partially open

socket in fixed finger 2

2.(1) Carapace unarmed, without antennal spine; antennal scale with distolateral spine large,

distinctly overreaching distal margin of blade 3

Carapace with strong antennal spine; antennal scale with distolateral spine small, not

reaching level of distal margin of blade 4

3.(2) Rostrum nearly three times as long as broad in dorsal view, acuminate; telson with dorsal

spines very long, anterior pair reaching to bases of posterior pair; first pereiopod with

carpus barely as long as chela *96. P. miserabilis

Rostrum less than twice as long as broad in dorsal view, tip rounded; telson with dorsal

spines of moderate length, anterior pair reaching no more than halfway to bases of

posterior pair; first pereiopod with carpus longer than chela *97. P. quasipusilla

4.(2) Telson with dorsal spines minute, inconspicuous 93. P. domestica

Telson with dorsal spines well developed 5

5.(4) Three posterior pereiopods with dactyls stout, flexor margin convex .... 94. P. margarita

Three posterior pereiopods with dactyls slender (for the genus), flexor margin nearly

straight *95. P. mexicana

93. Pontonia domestica Gibbes

Pontonia domestica Gibbes, 1850:196.—Holthuis 1951b:

122, pi. 38.—Williams 1965b: 47, fig. 39.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—South Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Louisiana, Bahamas, Madeira, in Atrina and Pecten; to a depth of

42 meters.

94. Pontonia margarita Smith

Pontonia margarita Smith, 1869b: 245.—Holthuis 1951b:

137, pis. 43, 44.—Williams 1965b:48, fig. 40.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bay of Panama.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina, Florida, Gulf of

California to Colombia, Galapagos Islands, in Aequipecten, Pteria, and Pinctada; to a depth of 60 meters.

*95. Pontonia mexicana Guerin-Meneville

Pontonia mexicana Guerin-Meneville, 1855:xix, pi. 2: fig.

12.—Holthuis 1951b: 130, pi. 41.

MATERIAL.—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 56—59: 2 ? ).

—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34-60: Id1, 1 ovig. $) .

HABITAT.—Two of these specimens were found in

a "pinna" taken along a sandy shore studded with

rocks and coral and partially covered with turtle

grass. The remaining two specimens were taken by

diving in 25-30 feet of water, but there is no indication of the host.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Mexico (see Holthuis 1951b:

134).

DISTRIBUTION.—West Indies and east coast of

Mexico, in Atrina and Astrophyton; littoral and sublittoral.
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

*96. Pontonia miserabilis Holthuis

FIGURE 9

Pontonia miserabilis Holthuis, 1951b: 148, pi. 47: figs. d-i.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 cT, 1

ovig. $ ; Sta. 105-59: ltf).

EMENDED DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 9a, b)

more than three times as long as broad in males,

slightly broader in female; unarmed, flat dorsally,

obscurely carinate in ventral midline, reaching anteriorly beyond end of first segment of antennular

peduncle; apex obscurely notched at insertion of 1

or 2 terminal setae. Carapace without antennal or

other spines. Ventral angle of orbit forming acute

lobe directed anteriorly. Anterolateral angle of carapace broadly rounded, produced little beyond level

of ventral angle of orbit.

All abdominal pleura broadly rounded. Sixth somite perceptibly longer than fifth, somewhat more

than half as long as telson. Dorsal spines of telson

FIGURE 9.—Pontonia miserabilis Holthuis, male, carapace length 2.0 mm, from SmithsonianBredin Station 105-59: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, telson and uropods; d, right antennule; e, right antenna; /, right mandible; g, right first maxilla; h, right

second maxilla; i, right first maxilliped; ;, right second maxilliped; k, right third maxilliped:

/, right first pereiopod; m, right second pereiopod; n, left second pereiopod; o, right third

pereiopod; p, same, dactyl; q, right fourth pereiopod; r, same, dactyl; s, right fifth pereiopod;

t, same, dactyl; u, left first pleopod; v, right second pleopod; w, appendix masculina. (Magnifications: a-e, k-o, q, s, X15.5; /-;, p, r, t-v, X31; w, X78.)
NUMBER 98 41

(Figure 9c) very large; anterior pair arising at about

one-eighth of distance from proximal end and reaching nearly to bases of posterior pair; posterior pair

arising slightly anterior to midlength of segment and

reaching nearly halfway to distal margin; distal margin armed with 2 pairs of sharp spines, lateral pair

represented by setae, mesial pair slightly longer than

intermediate pair.

Eyes broad, cornea shorter and narrower than eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 9d) with stylocerite

broadly acute; distolateral angle armed with spinetipped lobe reaching midlength of second segment or

beyond; second and third segments broad, second

slightly longer than third. Lateral antennular flagellum slightly longer than median flagellum; fused portion of lateral flagellum consisting of 4 joints; free

part of shorter branch reduced to minute lobe; free

part of longer branch consisting of 5 joints.

Antennal scale (Figure 9e) reaching about as far

as end of antennular peduncle, about twice as long

as broad; lateral margin convex, distal tooth very

large, overeaching distal margin of blade. Antennal

peduncle reaching about as far as extremity of scale;

basal segment without lateral spine near base of

scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 9f—k). Mandible

with incisor process armed with 1 large and about 8

small teeth proximal to distal tooth; molar process

not strongly dentate. Second maxilla with mesial

lacinia broadly cleft. Third maxilliped reaching anteriorly about to end of first segment of antennular

peduncle, antepenultimate segment very broad and

flat, not overreached by exopod.

First pereiopod (Figure 9/) overreaching antennal

scale by chela and half of carpus; fingers unarmed,

nearly as long as palm; carpus barely as long as chela,

shorter than merus. Second pereiopods unequal and

dissimilar, both overreaching antennal scale by chela

and carpus. Major cheliped (Figure 9m) with fingers

slightly more than half as long as palm, each with

2 broad teeth on opposable margin; carpus less than

half as long as palm and nearly as long as merus.

Minor cheliped of second pair (Figure 9n) with

fingers about three-fourths as long as palm, obscurely

dentate in basal portions; carpus about two-thirds as

long as palm, fully as long as merus. Third pereiopod

(Figure 9o) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl

and two-thirds of propodus; dactyl (Figure 9/>) with

flexor margin faintly convex, setose, and bearing recurved accessory tooth; propodus more than three

times as long as dactyl, nearly half again as long as

carpus; merus slightly longer than propodus; ischium

considerably shorter than propodus. Fourth pereiopod

(Figure 9q) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl

and one-third of propodus; dactyl (Figure 9r) and

proportions of segments similar to those of third

pereiopod. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 9s) overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl (Figure 9t) and two-thirds

of propodus; propodus fully three times as long as

dactyl, more than half again as long as carpus; merus

slightly shorter than propodus; ischium little more

than half as long as propodus.

First pleopod of male (Figure 9u) with endopod

tapering to blunt tip. Appendix masculina on endopod of second pleopod (Figures 9v, w) shorter

than appendix interna, bearing 3 long setae. Lateral

branch of uropod (Figure 9c) with distolateral angle

obscure, without distinct tooth.

SIZE.—Carapace length of two males 2.0 mm, of

ovigerous female 2.6 mm. Eggs about 0.5 mm in

major diameter.

HABITAT.—Shallow water among rocks on sandy

shore and on weed-covered sea wall.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Isla de Vieques, Puerto

Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Previously known only from the

incomplete ovigerous female holotype from off Isla

de Vieques; 29 meters.

*97. Pontonia quasipusilla, new species

FIGURE 10

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 73—56: 1 ovig. $ ,

holotype, USNM 135346).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures \0a-c) less than

twice as long as broad at base, unarmed, nearly flat

dorsally, carinate in ventral midline, curving ventrally anteriorly, reaching end of second segment of

antennular peduncle; apex bluntly acute in both

dorsal and lateral view. Carapace without antennal

or other spines. Ventral angle of orbit in form of

bluntly acute lobe directed anteroventrally. Anterolateral angle of carapace broadly rounded and noticeably produced anteriorly.

All abdominal pleura broadly rounded. Sixth somite perceptibly longer than fifth, little more than

half as long as telson. Dorsal spines of telson large
42

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Pontonia quasipusilla, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

2.8 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, rostrum; d, telson and uropods; e, right antennule; /, right antenna; g, right mandible; h, right first maxilla; i, right

second maxilla; ;", right first maxilliped; k, right second maxilliped; /, right third maxilliped;

m, right first pereiopod; n, right second pereiopod; o, left second pereiopod; p, right third

pereiopod; q, same, dactyl; r, right fourth pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, right fifth pereiopod;

«, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a-f, l-p, r, t, X15-5; g-k, q, s, u, X31.)

(Figure \0d); anterior pair inserted at about oneeighth of distance from proximal end and reaching

less than halfway to bases of posterior pair; posterior

pair longer, arising at about midlength of segment

and reaching nearly halfway to posterior margin;

posterior margin armed with 3 pairs of sharp spines,

lateral pair barely discernible, mesial and intermediate pairs much longer, subequal.

Eyes broad, cornea shorter and narrower than

eyestalk.

Antennal peduncle (Figure \0e) with stylocerite

blunt, subtruncate; distolateral angle of basal segment bluntly acute, strongly produced distally; second and third segments short and broad, subequal.

Lateral antennular flagellum recurved posterodorsally, longer than median flagellum; fused portion of
NUMBER 9 8 43

lateral flagellum consisting of 3 joints; free part of

shorter branch reduced to lobate extension of third

joint; free part of longer branch consisting of 4 joints.

Antennal scale (Figure 10/) reaching about as far

as end of antennular peduncle, slightly less than

twice as long as broad; lateral margin convex, distal

tooth very large, overreaching rounded distal margin

of blade. Antennal peduncle distinctly overreaching

scale; basal segment without lateral spine near base

of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures \0g-l). Mandible

with incisor process subspatulate and twisted, armed

with 6 small, close-set teeth in addition to acute lobe

at distal angle; molar process bearing several blunt

teeth or lobes. Second maxilla with mesial lacinia

broadly cleft. Third maxilliped falling short of end

of basal joint of antennular peduncle, exopod overreaching antepenultimate joint.

First pereiopod (Figure 10m) overreaching antennal peduncle by chela and two-thirds of carpus;

fingers unarmed, nearly as long as palm; carpus distinctly longer than chela, slightly longer than merus.

Second pereiopods similar, but right chela more robust than left, both overreaching antennal peduncle

by chela and half of carpus. Major cheliped (Figure

lOn) with fingers slightly more than half as long as

palm, each with 2 low broad teeth in basal half of

opposable margin; carpus nearly half as long as palm

and nearly as long as merus; ischium about as long

as merus. Minor cheliped of second pair (Figure

lOo) with fingers about three-fourths as long as palm,

otherwise as in major cheliped; carpus much more

than half as long as palm, subequal to merus and

ischium. Third pereiopod (Figure lOp) overreaching antennal peduncle by dactyl and most of propodus; dactyl (Figure lOq) with flexor margin slightly

convex, setose, and bearing stout recurved accessory

tooth; propodus about two and one-half times as

long as dactyl, distinctly longer than carpus; merus

considerably longer than propodus; ischium subequal

to propodus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure lOr) barely

overreaching antennal peduncle; dactyl (Figure 10s)

like that of third pereiopod; propodus fully two and

one-half times as long as dactyl, one-third again as

long as carpus; merus longer than propodus; ischium

slightly shorter than propodus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 10*) overreaching antennal peduncle by length

of dactyl; dactyl (Figure lOu) as of third pereiopod;

propodus nearly three times as long as dactyl, threefourths again as long as carpus; merus noticeably

shorter than propodus; ischium but little longer than

carpus.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure lOd) with distolateral angle obscure, without distinct tooth.

SIZE.—Carapace length of unique ovigerous female 2.8 mm. Eggs measuring about 0.7 mm in

major diameter.

HABITAT.—Shallow water among rocks on sandy

shore.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Charlotte Point, English Harbour, Antigua Island, Leeward Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality.

REMARKS.—As indicated by the name, this species

is obviously the Caribbean analogue of Pontonia

pusilla Holthuis, 1951b, from the Pacific coast of

Panama and Ecuador. Apart from differences in the

proportions of the appendages, which may or may

not be constant, P. quasipusilla differs most noticeably

in having the posterior pair of dorsal spines on the

telson inserted at about the midlength of the segment rather than near the end of the proximal third.

From P. miserabilis, the most closely related species

in the western Atlantic, P. quasipusilla differs in having the rostrum broader, the dorsal telson spines

shorter, and the carpus of the second pereiopod

longer.

98. Pontonia unidens Kingsley

Pontonia unidens Kingsley, 1880:422, pi. 14: fig. 9.—Holthuis 1951b: 150, pi. 47: figs. ;, Jt.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Key West, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—This species of questionable systematic position is known only from the original

type-series from Key West, Florida.

*Genus Pseudocoutierea Holthuis, 1951b

Only one Atlantic species is known.

*99. Pseudocoutierea antillensis, new species

FIGURE 11

MATERIAL.—Saba Bank (Sta. 106-56: 1 ovig. $

holotype, USNM 135347).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures lla, b) nearly

horizontal, long and slender, subcylindrical, unarmed
44

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 11.—Pseudocoutierea antillensis, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace

length 1.7 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, abdomen, posterior

part; d, telson and uropods; e, right antennule; /, same, first segment, mesial view; g, right

antenna; h, right mandible; i, right first maxilla; ;", right second maxilla; A, right first maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; m, right third maxilliped; n, right first pereiopod; o, right

second pereiopod; p, same, fingers; q, left second pereiopod; r, right third pereiopod; s, same,

dactyl; t, right fourth pereiopod; u, same, dactyl; v, right fifth pereiopod; w, same, dactyl.

(Magnifications: a-c, n, o, q, r, t, v, X 15.5; d-m, p, X31; s, u, w, X56.)

dorsally and ventrally; tip missing, intact portion

overreaching second segment of antennular peduncle;

basal portion expanded abruptly to form broad, anterolaterally acuminate eaves over orbits; median,

slightly convex carina between orbits extending short

distance onto carapace but not as far posteriorly as

ridges extending posterolaterally from supraorbital

eaves. Carapace broad and depressed, armed only

with strong antennal spine arising from anterior margin considerably ventral to obscure orbital angle.

Narrow rounded lobe immediately ventral to antennal spine giving bifid appearance to latter in lateral

view. Strong ridge curving posterodorsally from antennal spine delimiting depressed orbital region. True

anterolateral angle of carapace rounded and separated from antennal spine and lobe by prominent

elongate sinus. Nearly longitudinal groove extending

posteriorly from anterior margin dorsal to anterolateral angle nearly to posterolateral margin of carapace.

Pleuron of third abdominal somite rounded, entire

in female (Figure lie); pleura of fourth and fifth

somites acuminate posteriorly. Sixth somite at least

twice as long as fifth and slightly longer than telson,

not including terminal spines. Telson (Figure lid)

with anterior pair of lateral spines placed near midlength and posterior pair about midway between

anterior pair and distal margin of telson. Intermediate pair of terminal spines more than twice as long

as lateral and mesial pairs.

Eyes well developed, cornea not much broader than

eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure lie) with sharp

stylocerite and strong distolateral spine of basal segment reaching about to level of distal fourth of second segment; anterior margin of basal segment produced between distolateral spine and lateral margin
NUMBER 9 8 45

of second segment but not reaching midlength of

second segment; blunt spine directed distally from

near midlength of ventral surface of basal segment

(Figure 11/) ; third segment only slightly longer than

second. Lateral antennular flagellum with 2 branches

fused for 3 joints; free part of shorter branch consisting of 2 joints.

Antennal scale (Figure \\g) slightly overreaching

antennular peduncle, slightly less than three times

as long as broad; lateral margin slightly concave in

distal two-thirds, distal tooth falling far short of distal margin of strongly produced blade. Antennal

peduncle reaching about to midlength of scale; basal

segment with strong ventrolateral tooth.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 11/i-m). Mandible

with incisor process armed with subapical row of 3

close-set denticles; molar process bearing about 3

teeth or lobes. Second maxilla with mesial lacinia

broadly cleft. First maxilliped with well-developed

lash on caridean lobe. Second and third maxillipeds

without exopods. Third maxilliped reaching slightly

beyond lateral spine on basal segment of antennal

peduncle.

First pereiopod (Figure lln) overreaching antennal scale by chela and most of carpus; fingers slightly

shorter than palm; carpus slightly longer than chela

and shorter than merus. Second pereiopods unequal

and dissimilar, right more robust than left. Major

cheliped (Figure llo) overreaching antennal scale

by nearly entire chela; fingers (Figure lip) less than

one-third as long as palm, dactyl with large basal

tooth closing into depression in fixed finger; carpus

less than one-fourth as long as palm; merus nearly

three times as long as carpus and about as long as

ischium. Minor cheliped of second pair (Figure llq)

overreaching antennal scale by slightly more than

chela; fingers not much shorter than palm, unarmed;

carpus slightly more than half as long as palm; merus

twice as long as carpus and slightly shorter than

ischium. Third pereiopod (Figure llr) overreaching

antennal scale by length of dactyl; dactyl (Figure

Us) with obtuse prominence in proximal half of

flexor margin; propodus slightly curved, more than

four times as long as dactyl; carpus less than onethird as long as propodus; merus somewhat shorter

than propodus and more than twice as long as

ischium, with triangular prominence near distal end

of flexor margin. Fourth pereiopod (Figures lit, u)

reaching about to end of antennal scale; proportionate lengths of podomeres similar to those of third

pereiopod, but carpus and ischium slightly shorter.

Fifth pereiopod (Figures lly, w) not reaching quite

to end of antennal scale; proportions about as in

fourth pereiopod.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure lid) without

distinct movable spine between distolateral tooth

and blade.

SIZE.—Carapace length of unique ovigerous female

1.7 <mm. Few eyed eggs (probably most have been

shed) about 0.3 mm long.

HABITAT.—Dredged in 13 meters, together with

numerous antipatharians and gorgonians.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Saba Bank at 17°28'N, 63°13'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality.

REMARKS.—Pseudocoutierea antillensis is superficially similar to the only other described species of

the genus, P. elegans Holthuis, 1951b, from off southern California, Baja California, and the Galapagos

Islands. It seems to differ from that species in having

the body somewhat more depressed; the median carrina at the base of the rostrum not extending as far

posteriorly as do the ridges supporting the supraorbital eaves; the sixth abdominal somite proportionately longer; the posterior pair of lateral spines on

the telson situated midway between the anterior pair

and the distal margin of the telson, rather than

farther distally; the anterior margin of the basal

segment of the antennular peduncle less strongly produced distally, and the third segment only slightlylonger than the second; the antennal scale somewhat

narrower; and the pereiopods proportionately longer.

Perhaps most unexpected is the presence of a welldeveloped lash on the caridean lobe of the first maxilliped. This structure is so commonly present in

palaemonid shrimps that one of the paratypes of

P. elegans was examined to make certain that the

lash had not been overlooked in that species. It had

not. In the paratype examined, the lash is represented

by no more than a slight conxevity at the distomesial

angle of the caridean lobe.

Other differences between this species and the description of P. elegans have not been substantiated

by examination of paratypes of that species. Females

of P. elegans apparently lack the marginal tooth on

the pleuron of the third abdominal somite. That

species also has a strong ventrolateral tooth on the

basal antennal segment lateral to the base of the

antennal scale. Finally, no movable spine could be

discerned in that species on the lateral branch of the
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

uropod between the distolateral tooth and the blade;

the most lateral 1 or 2 marginal setae, however,

often could be mistaken for a spine.

Genus Tuleariocaris Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965

Only one species is known from the Atlantic Ocean.

100. Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace

Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969:266, figs. 10, 11.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—St. James, Barbados.

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys, Dominica, Barbados,

Curasao, Madeira, on Diadema antillarum; shallow

water.

•Genus Typton Costa, 1844

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Telson with posterior pair of dorsal spines arising anterior to midpoint of segment;

lateral branch of uropod with lateral margin serrate in distal portion. 104. T. prionurus

Telson with posterior pair of dorsal spines arising at, or posterior to, midpoint of segment; lateral branch of uropod with lateral margin entire, not serrate distally 2

2.(1) Antennal spine broad, toothlike in lateral view, not spiniform; both second pereiopods

with movable fingers highly arched, nearly semicircular; major second pereiopod with

carpus crenulate on proximal portion of angulate margin *105. T. tortugae

Antennal spine strong, spiniform; second pereiopods with movable fingers only moderately convex, not nearly semicircular; major second pereiopod with carpus not crenulate on angulate margin 3

3.(2) Anterior margin of carapace produced anteriorly to level of tip of antennal spine; lateral

branch of uropod with lateral margin rather regularly convex throughout 4

Anterior margin of carapace less produced, not nearly reaching level of tip of antennal

spine; lateral branch of uropod with lateral margin nearly straight in distal half .... 5

4.(3) Rostrum deepest near midlength, ventral margin forming obtuse angle in lateral view;

mandible with well-developed incisor process; third pereiopod with dactyl bearing

small accessory tooth on flexor margin, not nearly symmetrically bifid. *101. T. carneus

Rostrum not deepening near midlength, ventral margin straight or convex; mandible

without incisor process; third pereiopod with dactyl bearing large accessory tooth on

flexor margin, nearly symmetrically bifid 103. T. gnathophylloides

5.(3) Mandible with incisor process well developed and distally crenulate, molar process

tapering distally; major second pereiopod with movable finger bhintly hammer shaped,

not noticeably twisted 106. T. vulcanus

Mandible with incisor process reduced to low angulate unarmed lobe, molar process not

tapering distally; major second pereiopod with movable finger forming pointed hook

twisted into plane nearly perpendicular to that of palm *102. T. distinctus

*101. Typton carneus Holthuis

FIGURE 12

Typton carneus Holthuis, 1951b [part]: 162, pi. 51: figs, a, e,

k,l.

MATERIAL.—Saba Bank (Sta. 106-56: 1 ovig.

?).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1$).—Tobago

Cays (Sta. 22-56: 1 c? ; Sta. 23-56: Id1, 1 major

cheliped).—Tobago (Sta. 31-59: 2c?).

EMENDED DESCRIPTION.-—Rostrum (Figures 12a,

b) simple, spinelike, reaching anteriorly to level of

center of cornea, deepest at about midlength, ventral

margin forming broadly obtuse, rounded angle. Carapace smooth, armed only with antennal spine situated

at ventral orbital angle and subequal in length to

rostrum; anterolateral margin broadly rounded, produced anteriorly about as far as tips of rostrum and

antennal spine.

Pleura of anterior 5 abdominal somites broadly

rounded. Sixth somite slightly shorter than fifth and

barely half as long as telson, armed posterolaterally

with slender spine either side of base of telson and

with subrectangular tooth at posterolateral angle of

pleuron. Telson (Figure \2c) nearly half as broad

as long; posterior pair of dorsal spines situated little

more than one-third of length from posterior margin,

anterior pair at less than one-fourth of length from

anterior margin; lateral pair of terminal spines barely

discernible, intermediate pair shorter than mesial pair.

Eyes not reaching anteriorly as far as end of basal
NUMBER 9 8 47

FIGURE 12.—Typton carneus Holthuis, ovigerous female, from Bimini Islands, Bahamas, carapace length 2.8 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, telson and uropods; d, right antennule; e, right antenna; /, right mandible; g, right first maxilla; h, right

second maxilla; i, right first maxilliped; ;, right second maxilliped; k, right third maxilliped;

/, right first pereiopod; m, same, fingers; n, right second pereiopod; o, same, fingers; p, left

second pereiopod; q, same, fingers; r, right third pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, right fourth

pereiopod; u, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a-c, k, I, n, p, r, t, X15-5; d-j, o, q, X31; m, s,

u, X87.)

segment of antennular peduncle; cornea subequal in

width to, and slightly shorter than, eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 12d) with short but

acute stylocerite falling considerably short of midlength of basal segment. Second segment shorter

than third. Lateral antennular flagellum with both

branches completely fused except for indication of

free tip of shorter branch on fourth joint.

Antennal scale reduced to minute oval lappet

visible only under high magnification (Figure \2e).
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Antennal peduncle slender, barely overreaching second segment of antennular peduncle.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 12/—Ar). Mandible

with well-developed incisor process provided with few

faint serrations but no distinct teeth; molar process

stout proximally, with sharp distal tooth in addition

to truncate process. Second maxilla large, endite not

cleft, scaphognathite long and rather narrow. All

maxillipeds with exopods. First maxilliped completely

fused, without indication of demarcation between

coxa and basis; palp large and curved; caridean lobe

broad distally, with well-developed lash; epipod shallowly bilobed. Second maxilliped with well-developed

exopod and broadly rounded, entire epipod. Third

maxilliped reaching anteriorly nearly as far as end of

antennular peduncle; exopod slightly overreaching

antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figure 12/) overreaching antennular peduncle by chela, carpus, and about one-half

of merus; fingers (Figure 12m) less than two-thirds

as long as palm, rather densely setose; carpus about

half again as long as chela in females (not much

longer than chela in males) and slightly shorter than

merus; ischium distinctly shorter than chela. Second

pereiopods rather similar but unequal. Right (minor)

second pereiopod (Figure 12n) overreaching antennular peduncle by chela and carpus; fingers (Figure

12o) about two-thirds as long as palm, movable

finger tapering to tip, armed with rounded tooth

near proximal end of opposable margin, fixed finger

having extensor surface provided with rather deep

flange bearing proximal rounded lobe and concealing

much of flexed movable finger; carpus broadly triangular, somewhat shorter than palm; merus less

than two-thirds as long as carpus, with scattered

minute denticles on flexor margin; ischium nearly as

long as carpus. Left (major) second pereiopod (Figure I2p) overreaching antennular peduncle by chela,

carpus, and half of merus; fingers (Figure I2q) less

than half as long as palm, movable finger tapering,

distally somewhat hooked, armed with blunt tooth

near proximal end of opposable margin, fixed finger

with tip missing in figured specimen, extensor surface

with flange bearing low proximal lobe and partially

concealing flexed movable finger; carpus distinctly

triangular, between one-half and two-thirds as long

as palm; merus somewhat more than half as long as

carpus, with few minute denticles on flexor margin;

ischium about half again as long as merus and somewhat shorter than carpus. Third pereiopod (Figure

12r) overreaching antennular peduncle by dactyl,

propodus, and most of carpus; dactyl (Figure 12s)

about one-fourth as long as propodus, accessory tooth

small, situated little more than one-seventh of length

of flexor margin from tip, flexor margin with few

microscopic denticles or serrations in proximal half;

propodus stout, tapering, bearing only 1 small spine

on flexor margin in addition to those on distal margin; carpus subequal to propodus in length; merus

slightly longer than either carpus or propodus and

slightly shorter than ischium. Fourth pereiopod (Figure \2t) overreaching antennular peduncle by dactyl

and propodus; dactyl (Figure 12u) about one-fourth

as long as propodus, accessory tooth small, situated

little more than one-eighth of length of flexor margin

of dactyl from tip, flexor margin with few microscopic serrations in proximal half; propodus slightly

more slender and less tapered than that of third

pereiopod, bearing 2 small spines on flexor margin

in addition to those on distal margin; carpus subequal to propodus in length; merus more slender

than that of third pereiopod, one-fourth again as

long as either carpus or propodus, and nearly as long

as ischium. Fifth pereiopod (missing in figured specimen) barely overreaching antennular peduncle;

dactyl less than one-fourth as long as propodus, accessory tooth very small, situated near tip, flexor

margin with 2 or 3 microscopic denticles in proximal

half; propodus tapered, proportionately longer and

more distinctly curved toward flexor surface than that

of fourth pereiopod, without spines on flexor margin

except at distal extremity; carpus about two-thirds

as long as propodus; merus slightly longer than propodus and half again as long as ischium.

First pleopod of male with endopod setose and

tapering to blunt tip. Appendix masculina on second

pleopod reduced to 1 or 2 long setae overreaching

appendix interna. Lateral branch of uropod (Figure

12c) with lateral margin evenly convex, unarmed

except for subrectangular distal tooth; long, movable

spine mesial to distolateral tooth.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 1.2-1.4 mm;

females 1.1 and 1.3 mm, smaller ovigerous. Of the

type-series, males with carapace lengths of 1.1-1.3

mm; female, 1.8 mm. The figured ovigerous female

from Bimini has a carapace length of 2.8 mm.

HABITAT.—Of the specimens from Tobago Cays,

one male was extracted from coral rock, another
NUMBER 9 8 49

male from a sponge, both in 3 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—South and west coasts of Florida

and Bahamas to Tobago; to a depth of 73 meters.

REMARKS.—See "Remarks" under T. distinctus.

Figure 12 was prepared from the largest available

specimen of T. carneus, an ovigerous female from

Bimini Islands, Bahamas, collected by A. S. Pearse,

29 October 1948.

In addition, I have examined a fine lot of four

females (one ovigerous) collected by L. B. Holthuis

along the shore of Bear Cut at the north end of

Key Biscayne, Miami, Florida, from an orange-red

sponge among elgrass and algae in less than 3 feet

of water, 1-7 September 1963. The three specimens

without eggs have carapace lengths of 2.0-2.2 mm;

the ovigerous specimen has a carapace length of

1.9 mm. In life, the shrimps were uniformly red,

slightly redder than the sponge in which they were

found. This lot is deposited in the Rijksmuseum van

Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.

*102. Typton distinctus, new species

FIGURES 13, 14

Typton carneus Holthuis, 1951b[part]: 162, pi. 51: figs. b~d,

f-j, m-o.

MATERIAL.—Los Arroyos, Provincia de Pinar del

Rio, Cuba; in sponge; 20 May 1914; Tomas Barrera

Expedition Sta. 8: 4cf, 6 ? [4 ovig.]; (1 ovig. $ is

holotype, USNM 135352; 3 ? [1 ovig.] deposited in

Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden).—

Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 60-60: 2cT, 1 ovig.?).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures \3a-c, 14a, b)

simple, spinelike, reaching to base of cornea in females, more elongate in males, ventral margin faintly

convex, tapering regularly from near base to apex;

largest specimen with rostrum and antennal spines

directed anterodorsally (see Holthuis 1951b: pi. 51:

fig. b). Carapace smooth, armed only with antennal

spine situated at ventral orbital angle and subequal in

length to rostrum in females, proportionately shorter

in males; anterolateral margin rounded, not noticeably produced anteriorly.

Pleura of anterior 5 abdominal somites broadly

rounded. Sixth somite slightly shorter than fifth and

barely half as long as telson, armed posteriorly with

long sharp spine either side of base of telson and with

acute tooth at posterolateral angle of pleuron. Telson

(Figure 13d) about half as broad as long; posterior

pair of dorsal spines situated near, or somewhat posterior to, midlength, anterior pair at less than onefourth of length from anterior margin; lateral pair

of terminal spines small but distinct, intermediate

pair usually slightly shorter than mesial pair.

Eyes reaching about to distal third of basal segment of antennular peduncle; cornea subequal in

width to, and shorter than, eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 13^) with short but

acute stylocerite falling considerably short of midlength of basal segment. Second segment slightly

shorter than third. Lateral antennular flagellum with

both branches fused for 3 or 4 joints; free part of

shorter branch represented by minute lappet.

Antennal scale (Figure 13/) reduced to very small

oval lappet. Antennal peduncle very slender, reaching about as far as end of basal segment of antennular

peduncle.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 13g-l). Mandible

with incisor process reduced and unarmed; molar

process broadly and obliquely truncate distally. Second maxilla large, endite not cleft, scaphognathite

long and unusually narrow anteriorly. All maxillipeds

with exopods. First maxilliped without indication of

demarcation between coxa and basis; caridean lobe

only moderately convex anteriorly, with well-developed lash. Second maxilliped with well-developed

exopod and distally constricted, entire epipod. Third

maxilliped reaching anteriorly nearly to stylocerite

of antennular peduncle or beyond; exopod distinctly

overreaching antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figure 13m) overreaching antennular peduncle by at least chela and nearly all of

carpus; fingers about three-fourths as long as palm,

rather densely setose; carpus not much, if at all,

longer than chela and somewhat shorter than merus;

ischium less than two-thirds as long as merus. Second

pereiopods dissimilar and unequal. Major second

pereiopod (Figure 13ra) overreaching antennular peduncle by length of chela; movable finger (Figure

13o) less than half as long as palm, forming hook

twisted into plane at nearly right angles to that of

palm; carpus usually not deeply triangular, less than

half as long as palm; merus about three-fifths as

long as carpus; ischium about as long as carpus. Minor second pereiopod (Figure I3p) overreaching

antennular peduncle by chela and nearly half of carpus; fingers (Figure \3q) less than two-thirds as long
50

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Typton distinctus, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length 3.2

mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, rostrum and antennal spine, lateral

view; d, telson and uropods; e, right antennule; /, right antenna; g, right mandible; h, right

first maxilla; i, right second maxilla; ;, right first maxilliped; k, right second maxilliped; /, right

third maxilliped; m, right first pereiopod; n, right second pereiopod; o, same, fingers; p, left

second pereiopod; q, same, fingers; r, right third pereiopod; 5, same, dactyl; f, right fourth

pereiopod; u, same, dactyl; v, right fifth pereiopod; w, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a—d, l—r,

t, v, X15.5; e-k, X31; s, u, w, X78.)
NUMBER 9 8 51

FIGURE 14.—Typton distinctus, new species, paratype, male,

carapace length 3.2 mm: a, rostrum and antennal spine, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, right first pleopod; d,

right second pleopod; e, appendix masculina and appendix

interna. (Magnifications: a-d, X15.5; e, X78.)

as palm, movable finger armed with blunt tooth near

proximal end of opposable margin, fixed finger with

extensor surface provided with deep flange bearing

proximal elongate lobe and concealing much of flexed

movable finger; carpus shorter than palm; merus

about two-thirds as long as carpus; ischium fully as

long as carpus. Third pereiopod (Figure 13r) overreaching antennular peduncle by dactyl and most of

propodus; dactyl (Figure \Zs) less than one-fourth

as long as propodus, accessory tooth small, situated

no more than one-seventh of length of flexor margin

from tip; propodus stout, tapering, bearing 2 small

spines on flexor margin in addition to distal pair;

carpus slightly shorter than propodus; merus subequal

to carpus; ischium subequal to propodus. Fourth

pereiopod (Figure \3t) overreaching antennular peduncle by dactyl and about two-thirds of propodus,

similar in form and proportions to third pereiopod

but dactyl (Figure 13M) with serrations on flexor

margin and merus slightly longer. Fifth pereiopod

(Figure 13y) more slender, barely overreaching antennular peduncle; dactyl (Figure 13a;) less than

one-fourth as long as propodus, with series of microscopic serrations on flexor margin proximal to accessory tooth; propodus elongate with subparallel margins for most part; carpus little more than two-thirds

as long as propodus; merus subequal to propodus;

ischium subequal to carpus.

First pleopod of male (Figure \Ac) with endopod

setose and tapering to acute tip. Appendix masculina

on second pleopod (Figures \\d, e) much reduced,

represented chiefly by 2 long setae reaching beyond

end of appendix interna. Lateral branch of uropod

(Figure 13rf) with lateral margin convex in proximal

half, nearly straight or faintly sinuous distally, unarmed except for distal tooth and long movable

spine mesial thereto.

SIZE.—Carapace length of ovigerous female holotype, 3.2 mm; of males, 2.1-3.2 mm; of other females,

2.6-5.0 mm.

HABITAT.—The Cuban specimens were found in a

sponge. The lot from Bahia de la Ascension was collected at the margin of a mangrove swamp adjoining

a sandy beach; there is no indication that these

specimens also came from a sponge, but the possibility

cannot be ruled out.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Los Arroyos, Provincia de Pinar

del Rio, Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Cuba and Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico; sublittoral.

REMARKS.—When Holthuis described Typton carneus, he noted differences between the series of

Cuban specimens collected by the Tomas Barrera

Expedition and the three lots of smaller specimens,

ranging in carapace length from 1.1 to 1.8 mm,

which he referred to as juveniles. An ovigerous female with a carapace length of 2.8 mm, collected

by the late A. S. Pearse in the Bimini Islands, Bahamas, 29 October 1948, and apparently not seen

by Holthuis, agrees in most particulars with the

smaller specimens in the type-series of T. carneus

(see Figure 12) and leaves little doubt that these

specimens are specifically distinct from the Cuban

series. Inasmuch as Holthuis selected one of the

small males from off Dry Tortugas, Florida (for

which color notes were available), as the holotype

of T. carneus, another name must be assigned to the

larger specimens in the original type-series.

Typton distinctus differs from T. carneus in having

the lower margin of the rostrum faintly but evenly

convex from near the base to the tip, rather than

forming an obtuse, rounded prominence near midlength ; in having the anterior margin of the carapace

more nearly vertical, not produced nearly to the
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

level of the tip of the antennal spine; the incisor

process of the mandible reduced and unarmed, rather

than well-developed and serrate, and the molar process not tapering distally; the anterior portion of the

scaphognathite narrower; the caridean lobe of the

first maxilliped less convex; the movable finger of the

major second pereiopod twisted into a plane at nearly

right angles to that of the palm, and the carpus of

that appendage much less sharply triangular; and

the lateral margin of the lateral branch of the uropod

nearly straight or faintly sinuous in its distal half,

rather than evenly convex throughout. The ovigerous

female of T. carneus has the movable finger of the

first pereiopod distinctly shorter and the carpus much

longer than in those of T. distinctus, but these differences are not apparent in males.

103. Typton gnat hop hylloides Holthuis

Typton gnathophylloides Holthuis, 1951b: 159, pi. 50.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the two typespecimens from the Dry Tortugas; 82 meters.

104. Typton prionurus Holthuis

Typton prionurus Holthuis, 1951b: 165, pi. 52.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the two typespecimens from the Dry Tortugas; 18 meters.

•105. Typton tortugae McClendon

Typton tortugae McClendon, 1911:57-60, pi. 1: fig. 2.—

Holthuis 1951b: 153, pi. 48.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 1$) .

HABITAT.—This specimen was found in a black

sponge in shallow water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Florida, Dry Tortugas,

Virgin Islands, and Gulf of California, usually in

sponges or coral rock; to a depth of 18 meters.

106. Typton vulcanus Holthuis

Typton volcanus Holthuis, 1951b: 157, pi. 49: figs. a-n.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the two typespecimens from the Dry Tortugas; 82 meters.

•Family GNATHOPHYLLIDAE

Key to Atlantic Genera

Anterolateral angle of carapace not reaching beyond level of antennal spine; spines on distal

margin of telson not very unequal: third maxilliped with exopod considerably overreaching

endopod; second pereiopod with carpus broader than long; 3 posterior pereiopods with

dactyls nearly as broad as long, not bifid * Gnathophylloides

Anterolateral angle of carapace reaching distinctly beyond level of antennal spine; intermediate spines on distal margin of telson nearly twice, or more than twice, as long as median pair;

third maxilliped with exopod not overreaching endopod; second pereiopod with carpus distinctly longer than broad; 3 posterior pereiopods with dactyls distinctly longer than broad

and bifid *Gnathophyllum

•Genus Gnathophylloides Schmitt, 1933

Only one species is known from the Atlantic.

*107. Gnathophylloides mineri Schmitt

Gnathophylloides mineri Schmitt, 1933:7, fig. 3; 1935:167,

fig. 31.—Lewis 1956:288, figs. 1, 2.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 116-59: Id1).—

Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 53-59: Id1).—Tobago Cays

(Sta. 21-56: 1 o*, 5 ovig. $ ).—Bahia de la Ascension

(Sta. 82-60: 2d", 6 $ [5 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens mentioned above

were found under stones or in coral rock at low tide

and on a coral reef in 2—5 feet, but one male was

taken from a waterlogged, teredo-ridden stump awash

at low tide and another male from a trap baited with

a crushed sea urchin. (This shrimp usually occurs on

the spines of the sea urchins Tripneustes esculentus

and Lytechinus variegatus, a fact that presumably

accounts for its presence in a trap baited with a sea

urchin.)

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Ensenada, Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southeastern Florida, Yucatan,

and Caribbean Sea; littoral and sublittoral.
NUMBER 9 8 53

*Genus Gnat hop hyllum Latreille, 1819

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Posterior tooth of dorsal rostral series situated on rostrum anterior to level of orbital

margin; color pattern composed of transverse stripes *108. G. americanum

Posterior tooth of rostral series situated on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin;

color pattern composed of spots 2

2.(1) Pereiopods slender, propodus of third and fourth pairs 12-15 times as long as wide;

color pattern composed of dark rings on slightly lighter background. 109. G. circellum

Pereiopods not unusually slender, propodus of third and fourth pairs seven to eight

times as long as wide; color pattern composed of spots, with or without dark rings .. 3

3.(2) Posterior pair of lateral telson spines separated by distinct gap from series of posterior

spines; stylocerite falling short of level of articulation betweeen first and second segments of antennular peduncle; color pattern composed of innumerable light dots on

dark background 110. G. modestum

Posterior pair of lateral telson spines not distinctly separated from series of posterior

spines; stylocerite reaching considerably beyond level of articulation between first and

second segments of antennular peduncle; color pattern composed of large light spots,

encircled by dark rings, on relatively dark background 111. G. splendent

*108. Gnathophyllum americanum Guerin-Meneville

Gnathophyllum americanum Gu£rin-M£neville, 1855:viii,

pi. 2: fig. 14.—Manning 1963:58, figs. 5, 6.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: Id"; Sta.

10-58: 1 ovig. $ ) .—Antigua Island (Sta. 72-56:

1 ? ; Sta. 73-56: 1 c? ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 69-56:

1 <?, 1 ovig. $ ).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 106-60: 2d \

4 ovig. $ ; Sta. 109-60: 1 d).—Bahia de la Ascension

(Sta. 67-60: 2 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 72-60: ltf, 3 ? [2

ovig.]; Sta. 81-60: lcf,2$) .

HABITAT.—These specimens came from grass flats

and from weed-covered rocks and a seawall, usually

in less than 3 feet, but occasionally to 18 feet.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, southern Florida, Gulf

of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea; Canary Islands; and

Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea to the Tuamotu

Archipelago; to a depth of 50 meters.

109. Gnathophyllum circellum Manning

Gnathophyllum circellum Manning, 1963:54, figs. 3, 4.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Alligator Reef, Monroe County,

Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys and Great Exuma

Island, Bahamas; to a depth of 6 meters.

110. Gnathophyllum modestum Hay

Gnathophyllum modestum Hay, 1917:72.—Manning 1963:

48, figs. 1, 2.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Beaufort, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—Beaufort, North Carolina, and

Biscayne Bay, Florida; to a depth of 27 meters.

111. Gnathophyllum splendens Chace and Fuller

Gnathophyllum splendens Chace and Fuller, 1971:493, figs.

1-5.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Puerto Yabucoa, Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique specimen from the type-locality.

•Family ALPHEIDAE

Key to Western Atlantic Genera

Triangular plate or scale movably articulated at posterolateral angle of sixth abdominal

somite lateral to basal segment of uropod. (Anterior part of carapace covering eyes

dorsally but not anteriorly; posterior margin of carapace with distinct "cardiac notch"

at base of branchiostegite; antepenultimate segment of third maxilliped not exceptionally broad; epipods present on at least anterior 2 pairs of pereiopods; movable
5 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Western Atlantic Genera—Continued

finger of major first chela without molar-like tooth fitting into socket in fixed finger;

dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods usually simple, not biunguiculate) 2

No movable plate or scale articulated at posterolateral angle of sixth abdominal somite

4

2.(1) Rostrum lacking; antennular peduncle long and slender, stylocerite closely appressed to

basal segment; lateral branch of uropod distally truncate. (Telson with convex distal

margin; first chelipeds carried with chela flexed against merus, opposable margins of

fingers of major chela dentate.) Leptalpheus

Rostral projection present; antennular peduncle short and stout, stylocerite well separated

from basal segment; lateral branch of uropod distally rounded 3

3. (2) Telson with terminal margin truncate or convex; first chelipeds carried extended

*Alpheopsu

Telson terminating in acutely triangular tip; first chelipeds carried with chela flexed

against merus Neoalpheopsis

4.( 1) Eyes not concealed from anterior view; movable finger of major first chela without molarlike tooth fitting into socket in fixed finger. (Posterior margin of carapace with distinct "cardiac notch" at base of branchiostegite; antepenultimate segment of third

maxilliped not exceptionally broad; epipods present on at least 2 anterior pairs of

pereiopods; dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods simple, not biunguiculate; outer branch

of uropod with transverse suture.) 5

Eyes concealed from all but anteroventral view by deflexed frontal margin of carapace;

movable finger of major first chela usually provided with large molar-like tooth fitting

into socket in fixed finger 6

5.(4) Eyes completely exposed dorsally; rostral projection, if present, not reaching as far as

anterolateral margin of carapace *Automat*

Eyes covered dorsally; rostral projection overreaching anterolateral margin of carapace

*Salmoneus

6.(4) Posterior margin of carapace without "cardiac notch" at base of branchiostegite; lateral

branch of uropod without transverse suture. (Rostral projection lacking, front unarmed; antepenultimate segment of third maxilliped normal, not unusually expanded;

epipods present on at least 2 anterior pairs of pereiopods.) *Thunor

Posterior margin of carapace with "cardiac notch"; lateral branch of uropod with transverse suture 7

7.(6) Pereiopods without epipods; second pleopod of male without appendix masculina. (Front

tridentate; antepenultimate segment of third maxilliped normal, not unusually expanded; dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods biunguiculate.) *Synalpheus

Epipods present on at least 2 anterior pairs of pereiopods; second pleopod of male with

appendix masculina 8

8.(7) Labrum and mandible not unusually enlarged; antepenultimate segment of third maxilliped not unusually expanded; fourth pereiopod with mastigobranch epipod; appendix

masculina normal, not reaching distal ends of either endopod or exopod of male

second pleopod *Alphetu

Labrum greatly swollen and enveloped by expanded incisor process of mandible; antepenultimate segment of third maxilliped broadened to form partial operculum over

anterior mouth parts; fourth pereiopod without mastigobranch epipod; appendix

masculina greatly enlarged and elongate, overreaching both endopod and exopod of

second pleopod *Metalpheus

*Genus Alpheopsis Coutiere, 1896

Key to Western Atlantic Species

Carapace smooth, not carinate, without branchiostegal spine; first pereiopods unequal, chelae

not triangular in cross section; carpus of second pereiopod with first article about as long as

combined lengths of second and third articles *112. A. labis

Carapace tricarinate dorsally, with branchiostegal spine; first pereiopods subequal, chelae distinctly triangular in cross section; carpus of second pereiopod with first article about as long

as combined lengths of second, third, and fourth articles * 113. A. trigonus
NUMBER 9 8 55

*112. Alpheopsis labis, new species

FIGURE 15

Alpheopsis aequalis.—Armstrong 1941[part]:5, figs. ID, J,

w, w', w", x, x', x". [Not A. aequalis Coutiere, 1896.]

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 $ holotype, USNM 135355).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 15a-b) sharply

triangular, not reaching as far as end of first segment

of antennular peduncle. Carapace smooth, without

carinae; anterior margin sloping sinuously but rather

regularly posterolaterally from base of rostrum, curving gradually into ventral margin, without branchiostegal spine; posterior margin with deep cardiac notch

at base of branchiostegite.

Four anterior abdominal somites without carina in

dorsal midline and with rounded pleura, pleuron of

fifth somite (Figure 15c) rectangular posteriorly. Sixth

somite slightly longer than fifth, about two-thirds as

long as telson, with sharply triangular articulated

plate at base of uropod, and with blunt posterolateral

angles either side of base of telson. Telson (Figure

I5d) nearly two-thirds as broad as long, with pairs

of dorsal spines inserted at about midlength and at

about three-fourths of distance from base; distal margin convex between very unequal lateral spines and

bearing about 7 long setae.

Eyes completely covered by carapace in dorsal

view, slightly exposed in lateral view.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 15«) with sharp

FIGURE 15.—Alpheopsis labis, new species, holotype, female, carapace length 2.2 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, anterior part of carapace, dorsal view; c, abdomen, posterior part;

d, telson and uropods; e, left antennule; /, left antenna; g, left mandible; h, left first maxilla,

distal part; i, left second maxilla; ;, left first maxilliped; k, left second maxilliped; /, left third

maxilliped; m, right first pereiopod; n, left first pereiopod; o, same, fingers; p, left second pereiopod; q, left third pereiopod; r, left fourth pereiopod; s, left fifth pereiopod. (Magnifications:

a-f, l-s, X25; g-k, X31.)
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

stylocerite extending slightly beyond midlength of

second segment; second segment fully one and onehalf times as long as third. Lateral flagellum fused

for 3 segments, shorter free branch fully as long as

fused portion.

Antennal scale (Figure 15/) not quite twice as long

as broad, distolateral tooth slightly overreaching distal margin of blade. Basal antennal segment with

sharp distal tooth ventral to lateral margin. Antennal

peduncle reaching about as far as end of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 15g-/). Mandible

with incisor process armed with 6 teeth, palp with

broadly rounded distal segment. Second maxilla with

scaphognathite narrow distally and proximally. Third

maxilliped slightly overreaching antennular peduncle,

exopod slightly overreaching antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopods very unequal. Right (major)

cheliped (Figure 15m) with fingers slightly gaping;

armed with bluntly triangular or lobate teeth on

opposable margins; distinctly more than half as long

as palm. Left first cheliped (Figure \5n) much

shorter and more slender than right; fingers (Figure

15o) not gaping, faintly and irregularly serrate on

opposable margins, more than four-fifths as long as

palm. Second pereiopods (Figure 15/)) similar and

slender; fingers slightly longer than palm; carpus

composed of five articles, proximal article as long

as combined lengths of second and third, about half

again as long as distal article; merus considerably

longer than 3 proximal articles of carpus; ischium

slightly longer than merus. Third pereiopod (Figure

I5q) with dactyl about half as long as propodus;

carpus about two-thirds as long as propodus; merus

slightly shorter than propodus; ischium subequal to

carpus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 15r) shorter than

third, but dactyl proportionately longer. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 15*) subequal in length to fourth, but

carpus and propodus proportionately longer.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure I5d) with

straight lateral margin terminating in sharp tooth;

prominent movable spine inserted in pronounced

notch between distolateral tooth and margin of blade.

SIZE.—Carapace length to base of rostrum 2.2 mm.

HABITAT.—The unique specimen was collected on

a boulder-studded sandy beach.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Charlotte Point, English Harbour, Antigua Island.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and

Antigua Island.

REMARKS.—Except for the very dissimilar first

pereiopods and the unusual dentition on the fingers

of the major chela, which suggested the name (labis,

G. = tongs), this species could easily be confused with

A. aequalis Coutiere, 1896. The latter species has

been shown to be variable, especially as regards the

development of a branchiostegal or pterygostomian

tooth and marginal teeth on the abdominal pleura

(Armstrong 1941:6), but it is unlikely that this

variation could encompass a difference as great as

that displayed by the major cheliped. Inasmuch as

Armstrong failed to mention the first pereiopods in

his detailed description of the specimens that he

assigned to A. aequalis from the Bermudas, Cuba,

and the Dominican Republic, it was suspected that

those appendages were not intact. Dorothy E. Bliss

of the American Museum of Natural History has

kindly examined Armstrong's specimens and reported

that all three lack the major cheliped and only one

of them has the minor cheliped. There is little doubt,

therefore, that these specimens are A. labis and that

Armstrong would have realized that they represented

an undescribed species had they been complete.

*113. Alpheopsis trigonus (Rathbun), new combination

Jousseaumea trigona Rathbun, 1901:111, fig. 21.

MATERIAL.—Peter Island (Sta. 22-58: Id1, 1 ovig.

9).—Barbuda (Sta. 112a-58: 1 d1) — Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60: Id1

).

HABITAT.—The male from Peter Island was found

in a tin can, the ovigerous female in a Strombus;

the documentation does not indicate whether the

gastropod was living or merely an empty shell. The

smaller males from Barbuda and Bahia del Espiritu

Santo were cracked from dead coral. All were taken

in less than 3 meters of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Isla de Vieques, Puerto

Rico; 11 meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermuda to Barbados and westward to the Yucatan Peninsula; to a depth of 11

meters.

REMARKS.—The presence of a movable plate at

the posterolateral angle of the sixth abdominal somite

excludes this species from Salmoneus ( = Jousseaumea), and the outstretched first chelae, the convex

distal margin of the telson, and the presence of an

arthrobranch at the base of the third maxilliped
NUMBER 9 8 57

leave little doubt that it belongs in Alpheopsis.

The male and ovigerous female specimens from

Peter Island have carapace lengths, to the base of

the rostrum, of 4.75 and 5.25 mm, respectively. They

agree in nearly every way with the original description of the species. The smaller males from Barbuda

and Bahia del Espiritu Santo, with carapace lengths

of 3.8 and 3.9 mm, clearly differ from the large

specimens in two respects: the ocular hoods are

armed with an elongate tooth distal to the end of

the submedian carina on the carapace, and the

second and third lateral carinae on the carapace

are lacking, only the submedian carina and the carina

supporting the branchiostegal spine being present. A

male from Bermuda with a carapace length of 4.6

mm also lacks the second and third lateral carinae,

and the ocular hoods, although more produced than

in the typical form, are not dentate. These differences

are so striking as to seem of specific importance, but

they probably represent only growth changes.

*Genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Rostrum lacking, front emarginate between ocular hoods. (Ocular hoods rounded,

unarmed.) 136. A. simus

Rostrum present 2

2.(1) Frontal region evenly convex dorsally, adrostral depressions lacking; fingers of minor

first chela strongly curved in vertical plane. (Rostrum short, subrectangular, not

elevated in midline; ocular hoods subrectangular, frontal margin broadly tridentate; major first chela subcylindrical, without marginal notches on palm; proximal

article of carpus of second pereiopod longer than second article; third and fourth

pereiopods with dactyl biunguiculate, merus without distal tooth on flexor margin,

ischium without movable spine on lateral surface.) *124. A. cylindricus

Ocular hoods mesially delimited by adrostral depressions or furrows; fingers of minor

first chela not noticeably curved in vertical plane 3

3.(2) Rostrum dorsally flat, at least in distal portion; ocular hood armed with spine arising

from surface of hood, not from margin, although appearing marginal in A. malleator

because of receding ventral portion of hood. (Adrostral furrows sharply defined and

partially delimited posteriorly; marginal lobe or projection between rostrum and

ocular hood; proximal article of carpus of second pereiopod longer than second

article.) 4

Rostrum either rounded or carinate in dorsal midline, not flat; ocular spine, if present,

arising from margin of hood 7

4.(3) Spine on ocular hood arising from mesial slope, overhanging adrostral furrow; merus

of third and fourth pereiopods armed with distal tooth on flexor margin. (Fingers

of minor first chela of male not "balaeniceps-shaped"; third and fourth pereiopods

with simple dactyl and movable spine on lateral surface of ischium.) 5

Spine on ocular hood arising from anterior slope, overhanging frontal margin; merus

of third and fourth pereiopods unarmed at distal end of flexor margin. (Fixed finger

of major first chela notched on opposable margin distal to socket; distolateral spine

on lateral branch of uropod dark colored in male.) 6

5.(4) Small tooth or tubercle in midline of carapace in line with posterior limits of adrostral

furrows; palm of major first chela with dorsal and ventral margins entire, not

notched, fixed finger notched on opposable margin distal to socket; distolateral

spine on lateral branch of uropod dark colored in male * 115. A. armatus

No tooth or tubercle in midline of carapace; palm of major first chela notched both

dorsally and ventrally, fixed finger not notched distal to socket; distolateral spine on

lateral branch of uropod not dark colored *128. A. intrinsecus

6.(5) Ventrolateral tooth on basal segment of antennal peduncle not overreaching stylocerite; antennal scale lacking prominent tooth or lobe near proximal end of lateral

margin; merus of first pereiopod with distal tooth on mesial flexor margin; palm

of major first chela with both dorsal and ventral margins entire, not notched;

movable finger of minor first chela laterally and mesially carinate, densely setose

("balaeniceps-shaped") in both males and females; third and fourth pereiopods
5 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

with dactyl simple, ischium with movable spine on lateral surface; distolateral spine

on lateral branch of uropod dark colored in both male and female. *126. A. formosus

Ventrolateral tooth on basal segment of antennal peduncle distinctly overreaching

stylocerite; antennal scale with prominent curved tooth or lobate projection near

proximal end of lateral margin; merus of first pereiopod without distal tooth on

flexor margin; palm of major first chela notched dorsally; minor first chela not

"balaeniceps"-shaped in either male or female; third and fourth pereiopods with

dactyl biunguiculate, ischium unarmed; distolateral spine on lateral branch of uropod dark colored in male only *129. A. malleator

7.(3) Ocular hoods spined. (Adrostral furrows not abruptly delimited posteriorly; antennal

scale without large tooth or lobe near proximal end of lateral margin; palm of

major first chela notched ventrally, fixed finger not notched on opposable margin

distal to socket.) 8

Ocular hoods not spined. (Third and fourth pereiopods with simple dactyls.) 11

8.(7) Ventrolateral tooth on basal segment of antennal peduncle not overreaching stylocerite; merus of first pereiopod with sharp distal tooth on mesial flexor margin;

third and fourth pereiopods with dactyl not distinctly biunguiculate (minute tooth

on flexor margin of dactyl in A. ridleyi). (Merus of third and fourth pereiopods

without distal tooth on flexor margin.) 9

Ventrolateral tooth on basal segment of antennal peduncle distinctly overreaching

stylocerite; merus of first pereiopod without distinct sharp tooth at distal end of

flexor margin; third and fourth pereiopods with dactyl distinctly biunguiculate.

(No notch in true dorsal margin of major chela in line with movable finger.) ... 10

9.(8) Rostrum simply convex in dorsal midline, not carinate; major first chela twisted, not

notched in true dorsal margin; third and fourth pereiopods without accessory denticle on flexor margin of dactyl, ischium with movable spine on lateral surface;

distolateral spine on lateral branch of uropod not dark colored in male

*114. A. amblyonyx

Rostrum dorsally carinate in midline; major first chela notched dorsally, not noticeably twisted; third and fourth pereiopods with inconspicuous denticle on flexor

margin of dactyl, ischium without movable spine on lateral surface; distolateral

spine on lateral branch of uropod dark colored in male *134. A. ridleyi

10.(8) Third and fourth pereiopods without distal tooth on flexor margin of merus

122. A. candei

Third and fourth pereiopods with distal tooth on flexor margin of merus

*133. A. peasei

11.(7) Antennal scale with prominent curved tooth or lobe near proximal end of lateral

margin. (Rostrum carinate in dorsal midline; adrostral furrows abruptly delimited

posteriorly; major first chela notched dorsally and ventrally; third and fourth

pereiopods without distal tooth on flexor margin of merus.) 12

Antennal scale without prominent tooth or lobe near proximal end of lateral margin 13

12.(11) Second segment of antennular peduncle about three times as long as third segment;

proximal article of carpus of second pereiopod longer than second

118. A. barbadensis

Second segment of antennular peduncle less than twice as long as third; proximal

article of carpus of second pereiopod two-thirds as long as second 120. 4» belli

13.(11) Merus of third and fourth pereiopods with prominent acute tooth at distal end of

flexor margin. (Merus of first pereiopod with tooth at distal end of mesial flexor

margin; fixed finger of major first chela with notch in opposable margin distal to

socket; proximal article of carpus of second pereiopod shorter than second article;

third and fourth pereiopods with movable spine on lateral surface of ischium.) . 14

Merus of third and fourth pereiopods with distal end of flexor margin rounded or

rectangular, not produced into prominent tooth 15

14.(13) Lobe on frontal margin between rostrum and ocular hood; major first chela subcylindrical, without dorsal or ventral notches *123. A. cristulifrons

No lobe on frontal margin between rostrum and ocular hood; major first chela compressed, deeply notched dorsally and ventrally *117. A. bahamensis
NUMBER 9 8 59

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

15.(13) Major first chela notched dorsally 16

Major first chela with dorsal and ventral margins entire, not notched. (Major first

cheliped with tooth at distal end of mesial flexor margin of merus; fixed finger of

major chela with notch in opposable margin distal to socket; minor first chela of

male not "balaeniceps"-shaped; third and fourth pereiopods with movable spine

on lateral surface of ischium.) 23

16.(15) Major first chela notched ventrally 17

Major first chela not notched ventrally 22

17.(16) Third and fourth pereiopods with movable spine on lateral surface of ischium 18

Third and fourth pereiopods without spine on ischium 20

18.(17) Merus of first pereiopod unarmed at distal end of mesial flexor margin; dactyls of

third and fourth pereiopods usually subspatulate 127. A. heterochaelis

Merus of first pereiopod armed with sharp tooth at distal end of mesial flexor margin;

dactyls of third and fourth pereiopods not subspatulate 19

19.(18) Adrostral furrows usually abruptly delimited posteriorly; fixed finger of major first

chela without V-shaped notch in opposable margin distal to socket

* 116. A. armillatus

Adrostral furrows not abruptly delimited posteriorly; fixed finger of major first chela

with sharply V-shaped notch in opposable margin distal to socket

•137. A. viridari

20. (17) Minor first chela with fingers slightly, if at all, more than half as long as palm;

proximal article of carpus of second pereiopod much shorter than second article.

(Fingers of minor first chela not "balaeniceps"-shaped in male.) *135. A. schmitti

Minor first chela with fingers about as long as palm; proximal article of carpus of

second pereiopod longer than second article 21

21.(20) Movable finger of major first chela regularly and highly arched throughout length of

extensor margin; fingers of minor first chela "balaeniceps"-shaped in male; second

article of carpus of second pereiopod subequal to fifth article in length

•121. A. bouvieri

Movable finger of major first chela not strongly convex in proximal part of extensor

margin; fingers of minor first chela not "balaeniceps"-shaped in male; second article

of carpus of second pereiopod distinctly longer than fifth article .. *131. A. nuttingi

22.(16) Ocular hoods sub triangularly produced anteriorly; ventral margin of major first chela

with shallow sinus at base of fixed finger *130. A. normanni

Ocular hoods rounded, not produced anteriorly; ventral margin of major first chela

without sinus at base of fixed finger 119. A. beanii

23.(15) Rostrum dorsally carinate or subcarinate; proximal article of carpus of second pereiopod shorter than second article; dactyls of third and fourth pereiopods subspatulate

* 125. A. floridanus

Rostrum dorsally convex, not subcarinate; proximal article of carpus of second

pereiopod longer than second article; dactyls of third and fourth pereiopods not

subspatulate *132. A. paracrinitus

*114. Alpheus amblyonyxy new species

FIGURE 16

Alpheus macrocheles.—Rathbun 1901:105.—Zimmer 1913:

386, fig. F. [Not A. macrocheles Hailstone, 1835.]

Crangon macrocheles?—Schmitt 1935:142.

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 55-56: 1 ovig. $).—

Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 1 ovig. $ [holotype, USNM 135356]; Sta. 82-60: Id; Sta. 83-60:

Id; Sta. 91-60: Id, I juv.).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 16a, b) sharply

triangular, dorsally rounded, not carinate, reaching

nearly as far as anteromesial margin of basal segment

of antennular peduncle. Ocular hoods moderately

produced, separated from rostrum by shallow indistinct depressions, and armed with sharp tooth directed anteriorly and slightly mesially; anterior margin slanting anterolaterally from base of rostrum to

ocular tooth. Anterior margin of carapace almost

vertical from ocular hood nearly to ventral margin of

basal segment of antennal peduncle. Posterior margin

of carapace with pronounced cardiac notch.

Abdominal pleura of 4 anterior somites broadly

rounded, of fifth somite subrectangularly rounded.
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 16.—Alpheus amblyonyx, new species. Holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

4.9 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, telson and uropods; d, right

antennule; e, right antenna; /, right mandible; g, right first maxilla; h, right second maxilla;

i, right first maxilliped; ;, right second maxilliped; k, right third maxilliped; /, right first perelopod; m, same, fingers; n, left first pereiopod; o, same, fingers; p, right second pereiopod;

q, same, chela; r, right third pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, right fourth pereiopod; u, right

fifth pereiopod. Para type, male from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 91-60, carapace length

4.0 mm: v, fingers of left (minor) first pereiopod; w, right second pleopod; x, same, appendix

rnasculina and appendix interna. Paratype, male from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 83—60, carapace length 2.8 mm: y, fingers of left (minor) first pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-e, k-p, r,

t, u, X7.5; f-j,v, w,y, Xl5.5;g, s, X31; x, X78.)

Sixth somite rather narrowly rounded both dorsal and

ventral to insertion of uropod. Telson (Figure 16c)

fully one-third again as long as broad, posterior margin about half as wide as anterior margin; 2 pairs

of dorsal spines, anterior pair inserted distinctly anterior to midlength of telson, posterior pair approximately midway between anterior pair and posterior

margin of telson; posterior margin convex mesially,
NUMBER 9 8 61

slightly concave laterally, armed with 2 pairs of

lateral spines, mesial pair more than twice as long

as lateral pair, space between spines bearing double

row of long setae.

Eyes entirely concealed by ocular hoods.

Antennular peduncle (Figure \6d) with stylocerite

convex proximally, narrowing to long sharp point

reaching nearly to distal margin of basal segment;

basal segment with deep, sharp, distally truncate

carina extending from ventral surface. Second segment subequal in length to first, about twice as long

as third.

Antennal scale (Figure \6e) about three times as

long as wide; outer margin faintly sinuous, distal

spine stout, reaching slightly beyond end of antennular peduncle; blade very narrow distally, falling far

short of tip of spine. Antennal peduncle falling

slightly short of end of spine of antennal scale; basal

segment with sharp lateral tooth below base of antennal scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 16/—A:). Mandible

with 8 marginal teeth and rudimentary one on incisor

process. Third maxilliped reaching as far as end of

antennal scale, exopod overreaching antepenultimate

segment.

Major first cheliped (Figures 16n,o) overreaching

antennal scale by most of deeply sculptured and

twisted chela. Movable finger opening and closing

in nearly horizontal plane; strongly arched, nearly

semicircular in profile; compressed proximally, swollen and bluntly rounded distally with pronounced

groove either side of midline; opposable margin with

bluntly subtriangular tooth in extreme proximal portion fitting into socket in fixed finger. Palm with 2

deep longitudinal grooves on lateral surface, separated by subcylindrical elevation tapering to sharp

conical tip reaching distally beyond level of proximal margin of socket in fixed finger; mesial surface

with transverse groove delimiting distal elevation,

latter with sinuous margin and terminating in compressed downcurved sharp tooth reaching about as

far as, or slightly beyond, tip of lateral elevation;

true dorsal margin entire (although broad notch on

mesial surface appears dorsal); ventral margin with

distinct notch. Merus with 5 movable spinules and

sharp distal tooth on mesial flexor margin. Minor first

cheliped (Figure 16/) overreaching antennal scale by

length of chela. Movable finger (Figures I6m,v,y)

slightly shorter than palm, obscurely carinate on

mesial extensor margin, lateral surface transversely

convex, mesial surface flattened. Palm with low distal

mesiodorsal elevation terminating in sharp distal

tooth reaching beyond base of movable finger; ventral margin rather abruptly narrowing near base of

fixed finger but not notched. Merus with several

movable spinules and sharp distal tooth on mesial

flexor margin. Second pereiopod (Figure 16/?) overreaching antennal scale by chela, carpus, and extreme distal portion of merus. Movable finger (Figure

l&q) slightly longer than palm. Carpus about four

times as long as chela, subdivided into 5 articles

decreasing in length as follows: 1, 2, 5, 4, 3. Merus

as long as proximal 3 and nearly half of fourth

articles of carpus and subequal in length to ischium.

Third pereipod (Figure 16r) overreaching antennal

scale by dactyl and half of propodus; dactyl (Figure

16J) about two-fifths as long as propodus, with minute denticle on extensor margin at about one-fourth

of distance from tip, flexor margin entire; propodus

with 8 or 9 slender spines on flexor margin; carpus

slightly more than four-fifths as long as propodus;

merus unarmed, more than four times as long as

wide, as long as carpus and at least half of propodus;

ischium with movable spine near ventral margin.

Fourth pereiopod (Figure 16*) overreaching antennal

scale by length of dactyl, similar to, but slightly more

slender than, third pereiopod. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 16u) reaching to end of antennal scale, more

slender than fourth; dactyl about half as long as

propodus; propodus with about 6 spines on flexor

margin and several transverse rows of setae in distal

third; carpus about as long as propodus; merus only

slightly longer than carpus.

Second pleopod of male (Figure 16a;) with appendix masculina (Figure 16*) barely overreaching

appendix intema. Uropod (Figure 16c) with lateral

margin of lateral branch terminating in 2 sharp

teeth and rather long, uncolored movable spine;

mesial branch with series of rather long spines, in

addition to setae, on distal margin.

Eggs numerous and small, measuring about 0.5

by 0.6 mm.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths, to base of

rostrum, of 2.8—5.1 mm; ovigerous females, 4.8 and

4.9 mm (larger is holotype) ; juvenile, 1.3 mm.

HABITAT.—This species was collected from reef

corals in 1-5 feet of water and on grass and Porites

flats.
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near center of Arrecife Nicchehabin, Bahia de la Ascension, Territorio de Quintana

Roo, Mexico, on or under coral in 1-5 feet of water.

DISTRIBUTION.—Territorio de Quintana Roo, Mexico; Puerto Rico; Saint Thomas; and Dominica;

sublittoral.

REMARKS.—This apparently uncommon species is

unquestionably closely related to A. macrocheles Hailstone, 1835, from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. I am inclined to believe, however, that some

of the differences noted between the specimens in the

present collection and a pair of larger British specimens of A. macrocheles examined are constant. Alpheus amblyonyx seems to have a more prominent

rostrum. The movable finger of the major chela

seems to be more strikingly bulbous distally; the

transverse notch on the mesiodorsal surface of the

palm is broader and less sharply defined; and the

elevation distal to this notch is sinuous rather than

simply convex. The minor chela lacks a high, sharp

crest on the extensor margin of the movable finger,

and there is no sharply defined notch on the ventral

margin of the chela. The lack of a sharp crest on

the movable finger of the minor chela seems to be the

most obvious difference; hence, the specific name

(amblys, G., = blunt + onyx, G., = claw).

*115. Alpheus armatus Rathbun

Alpheus armatus Rathbun, 1901:108, fig. 20.—Zimmer

1913:395, figs, w-z, A1, B1.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: ld \ 3 ? [2

ovig.]; Sta. 23-58: 2c?, 1 ovig. ?).—Virgin Gorda

(Sta. 111-56: 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 112-56: lyd1).—Saint

Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 1?).—Antigua Island

(Sta. 73-56: 2d \ 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 75-56: 2d \ 2 ovig.

? ; Sta. 113-59: 2 ? [1 ovig.]).—Saint Lucia Island

(Sta. 41-56: 3d1, 2 ovig. ? ; Sta. 53-59: 1 ovig.? ;

Sta. 60-59: Id1).—Tobago (Sta. 4-59: Id1, 1 ovig.

? ; Sta. 15-59; 1? ; Sta. 31-59: 2d\ 1 ovig.?,

2 juv.).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34-60: Id1, 1 ovig.

?).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 72-60: 1 juv.).

HABITAT.—This large and strikingly colored snapping shrimp is usually associated with the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata. A male and a female

is often nestled against the base of the column

of each anemone. Limbaugh, Pederson, and Chace

(1961:246) noted that this shrimp off New Providence, Bahamas, "is apparently dependent upon the

anemone for protection and vice versa. The snapping

shrimp digs a burrow for both of them. It spends

most of its time at the burrow entrance with its

banded antennae mixed with the banded tentacles

of the anemone. If danger comes near, the shrimp

withdraws quickly, causing the anemone to contract

and plug the entrance of the burrow."

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Ponce, Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Throughout the West Indian region from the Bahamas and southern Florida to

Tobago and westward to the Yucatan Peninsula;

sublittoral.

*116. Alpheus armillatus H. Milne Edwards

Alpheus armillatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837a: 354.—Zimmer

1913:401, figs, K'-T1.—Williams 1965b:67, fig. 55.

MATERIAL.—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 1 ovig.

?).—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 1 ovig.?; Sta.

112-56: 3d", 1 ovig.?, 1 juv.; Sta. 37, 38, or 39-58:

1 ovig. ? ).—Anguilla (Sta. 55-58: 2tf, 3 ovig. ? ) .—

Barbuda (Sta. 111-58: 1? ; Sta. 112a-58: 1? ;

Sta. 98-59: Id1, 2 ovig.?; Sta. 102-59: Id).—

Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 2?).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 3d1

, 4 ? [3 ovig.]; Sta. 74-56:

Id1, 2 ovig.?; Sta. 123-58: 1? with branchial

bopyrid; Sta. 110-59: 2 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 112-59:

Id", 3 juv.).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: 8d \ 6 ?

[3 ovig.]).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 21-56: Id1)-—Tobago (Sta. 4-59: l<f, ly ? ; Sta. 6-59: 3 ? [2

ovig.]).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34-60: 1 ovig.?;

Sta. 47-60: 2yd1, 2y? , 7 juv.).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 72-60: 2 juv.; Sta. 77-60: 6d \ 5 ovig.

? , 1 juv.; Sta. 82-60: 1 juv.; Sta. 85-60: 4d \ 6

ovig.?, 2 juv.; Sta. 91-60: 3d1, 3? ; Sta. 93-60:

4tf ; Sta. 95-60: 4 ? [1 ovig.], 6 juv.).

HABITAT.—The conditions at the collecting stations

listed above suggest that A. armillatus occurs, not only

under stones and oyster bars and in the interstices of

coral rock, but also very frequently on turtle-grass

flats from shallow water to a depth of 9 meters. Its

occurrence on grass flats seems at variance with the

observations of Armstrong (1949:12), who noted that

A. armillatus was found only among and under stones,

whereas the closely related A. viridari was confined to

grass banks. It is possible, of course, that the present

material was found in and under objects on the flats,

especially in clumps of living or dead Porites, which

are common on most of the flats investigated.
NUMBER 9 8 63

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Antilles.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico,

and Bermudas to Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil; sublittoral.

*117. Alpheus bahamensis Rankin

Alpheus hippothoe var. bahamensis Rankin, 1898:247, pi.

30: fig. 5.

Alpheus hippothoe var. edamensis?—Zimmer 1913:405, figs.

u'-z1. [Not A. hippothoe var. edamensis De Man, 1888.]

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: Id, 1 ovig.

9 ).—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 5d \ 2 ovig. ? ).—

Anguilla (Sta. 55-58: 2 ovig. $ ) .—Barbuda (Sta.

92-56: Id, 1 ovig. $ ) .—Saint Christopher (Sta.

103-56: 1 juv.).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 7d,

6 ? [3 ovig.]; Sta. 77-56: 1 juv.; Sta. 96-58: \d;

Sta. 110-59: 16 d, 13 ovig. $ ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta.

69-56: 12d\ 12? [10 ovig.]).—Dominica (Sta. 75-

59: 3d, 1 ovig. $ , 3 juv.).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta.

60-59: 3d1).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 21-56: 3d, 2

ovig. ? ).—Carriacou (Sta. 16-56: 13c?, 10 ovig. 9 ,

1 ?; Sta. 17-56: 2 d ) .—Grenada (Sta. 9-56: Id1).—

Tobago (Sta. 4-59: Id, 2 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 6-59: 1

ovig. 9 ; Sta. 8-59: 4d \ 4 9 [3 ovig.], 2 juv., 1?; Sta.

15-59: \d, 19 ; Sta. 31-59: Id1, 3 9 [1 ovig.], 1

juv.).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 47-60: \d, 3 9 [1

ovig.]).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 68-60: 1 ovig.

9 ; Sta. 72-60: Id1; Sta. 85-60: 36d, 38 9 [35

ovig.], 7 juv.; Sta. 93-60: 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 95-60: 1

juv., 1 major chela).

HABITAT.—These records seem to indicate that

A. bahamensis occurs most frequently among, under,

or in dead coral, coral rock, and boulders in the

intertidal zone or slightly below. Occasional specimens were taken on grass flats, but it is possible that

they were associated with clumps of Porites or

Pocillopora.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—New Providence Island, Bahamas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Throughout the West Indies region from the Bermudas and Dry Tortugas to Tobago

and westward to the Yucatan Peninsula; sublittoral.

118. Alpheus barbadensis (Schmitt)

Crangon barbadensis Schmitt, 1924c: 70, pi. 2: figs. 1-3.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Barbados.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

type-series from Barbados.

119. Alpheus beanii Verrill

Alpheus beanii Verrill, 1922:81, fig. 7, pi. 22: fig. 5, pi. 32:

figs. la-h.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Challenger Bank, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

type-series taken on Challenger Bank in 44 meters.

120. Alpheus belli Coutiere

Alpheus Belli Coutiere, 1898b: 149, figs. 1, la.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fernando de Noronha.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

unique type-specimen from Fernando de Noronha.

*121. Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards

Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1878:231.—Crosnier

and Forest 1966:273, fig. 22.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 cephalothorax).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 70-56: Id, 1 ovig.

9 ) .—Tobago Cays (Sta. 21-56: 6<f, 7 9 [3 ovig]).—

Grenada (Sta. 4-56: 2d" ; Sta. 8-56: Id1, 1 ovig.

9 ).—Tobago (Sta. 15-59: Id1, 1 ovig. 9 ).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were found in

and among rocks and dead coral near or above lowtide level.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cape Verde Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and Antigua Island to

Tobago and Fernando de Noronha; eastern Atlantic

from the Cape Verde Islands and Guinea to Sao

Tome and Congo; intertidal.

REMARKS.—Banner and Banner (1964:92) synonymized A. bouvieri with A. leviusculus Dana,

1852. Their description of the latter species, however,

reveals differences from the Atlantic form that seem

to be of specific significance. The merus of the major

first cheliped of A. leviusculus has a small tooth at

the distal end of the internal flexor margin; in A.

bouvieri, this angle is evenly rounded. According to

the Banners' figure, the palm of the major chela is

about 1.90 times as long as high; in 15 specimens of

A. bouvieri with major chelipeds in the present collection, this ratio ranges from 1.48 to 1.80 and averages 1.66. Apparently the movable finger of the minor
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

first cheliped in males of A. leviusculus is rarely carinate laterally ("balaeniceps"-shaped), and then

only obscurely so, whereas all but one of the six

males of A. bouvieri in which the minor cheliped is

intact have the finger distinctly of this form, and

there is evidence of regeneration in the single exception. The tooth at the articulation of the movable

finger is apparently sharp in A. leviusculus, whereas

it is subrectangular or broadly and bluntly acute in

A. bouvieri. The Banners indicate that the second

article of the carpus of the second pereiopod is shorter

than the fifth article. In 20 specimens of A. bouvieri

in which the second pereiopod is intact, the second

carpal article varies from 0.98 to 1.66 times as long

as the fifth; the average ratio is 1.13, and in only one

specimen is the second article shorter than the fifth.

Perhaps of most importance is the presence of a movable spine on the ischium of the third pereiopod in

A. leviusculus and the complete absence of this spine

in A. bouvieri.

The pair of specimens from Clipperton Island

tentatively identified as A. bouvieri by Chace (1962:

610), as well as three males and six females (five

ovigerous) of the same form in the Smithsonian

collections from Santa Maria Island, Galapagos, are

intermediate between A. bouvieri and A. leviusculus.

They resemble the latter in having the palm of the

major chela elongate (1.76 to 1.97 times as long as

high) and in having the movable finger of the minor

chela rounded, not "balaeniceps"-shaped, but they

are more like A. bouvieri in having the merus of the

major cheliped angularly rounded or subrectangular

at the distal angle, in having the tooth on the minor

chela at the articulation of the finger subrectangular

or broadly and bluntly acute, in having the second

article of the carpus of the second pereiopod almost

invariably longer than the fifth article, and in lacking a movable spine on the ischium of the third pereiopod. The presence of this intermediate form in the

eastern Pacific might be construed as evidence to

support the Banners' contention that A. leviusculus is

a variable pantropical species, possibly with Atlantic

and eastern Pacific subspecies, but it seems best for

the time being to treat all three forms as separate

species.

The specimen from the Galapagos Islands identified as A. bouvieri var. chilensis by Schmitt (1942b:

162) belongs to this species and not to A. chilensis

Coutiere (in Lenz 1902). There is another, possibly

undescribed, species in the Galapagos Islands, however, as indicated by a male and an ovigerous female

without major chelipeds in the Smithsonian collections. These specimens differ from the other species

from the eastern Pacific in having the rostrum

broadly depressed and noncarinate, as in A. chilensis,

in having the lower margin of the rostrum slanted

slightly downward, rather than nearly horizontal or

slanting slightly upward, in having the movable finger

of the minor chela "balaeniceps"-shaped, and in having a movable spine on the ischium of the third

pereiopod, as in A. leviusculus.

122. Alpheus candei Guerin-Meneville

Alpheus candei Gu6rin-M6neville, 1855:xix, pi. 2: figs. 9,

9a.—Coutiire 1910:486, fig. 1.

MATERIAL.—Probably not represented in the Smithsonian-Bredin collections (see below).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

Dry Tortugas, Florida, and Cuba.

REMARKS.—A single juvenile specimen from Dominica (Sta. 62-56) approaches A. candei, but it

differs from the descriptions and figures of GuerinMeneville and Coutiere in having a much shorter

spine on the basal segment of the antennal peduncle,

a more pronounced notch in the ventral margin of

the major chela, and the second pereiopod proportionately less elongate.

*123. Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun

Alpheus Obeso-manus.—Pocock 1890:520. [Not A. obesomanus Dana, 1852.]

Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun, 1900:152.—Crosnier and

Forest 1966:260, figs. 17, 18.

MATERIAL.—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: l<f).—

Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 2cT, 1 ovig. ? ) .—Barbuda (Sta. 92-56: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 98-59: 1 ovig.

?).—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 2d \ 2 ? [1

ovig.]).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: Id1, 2 ovig.

? ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 69-56: 5tf, 4 ? [3 ovig.],

1 juv.; Sta. 70-56: Id1, 1 ? ) .—Dominica (Sta. 62-

56: lyd\ ly ? ; Sta. 75-59: 2tf, 1 ovig.?, 3 juv.).—

Carriacou Island (Sta. 16-56: 5d \ 5 ovig.?).—Tobago (Sta. 8-59: 3d1

, 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 26-59: 2d").—

Isla Mujeres (Sta. 29-60: Id1, 1 ovig. ?).—Bahia

de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 6o", 6 ovig.?, 2 juv.;
NUMBER 98 65

Sta. 67-60: 3d1, 2 ovig. $ ; Sta. 72-60: 1 o"; Sta.

95-60: 2cf, 1 ovig. ? ) .—Bahia del Espiritu Santo

(Sta. 41-60: Id1).

HABITAT.—This species was found most frequently

at reef edges near tide level and associated with

rocks and coral, including Pocillopora and Porites.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fernando de Noronha.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western tropical Atlantic from the

Dry Tortugas, Florida, to Fernando de Noronha and

westward to the Yucatan Peninsula; also the islands

of Sao Tome and Principe in the eastern Atlantic;

sublittoral.

*124. Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley

Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley, 1878b: 196.—Crosnier and

Forest 1966:257, fig. 16.

MATERIAL.—Mustique (Sta. 35-56: 4o", 4 ovig.

?).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 24-56: 1 d\ 1 ovig.?).

HABITAT.—All of the above specimens were found

in loggerhead sponges taken in no more than 3 feet

of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Archipielago de las Perlas, Gulf

of Panama.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and Florida to Barbados; eastern Atlantic from the islands of Principe,

Sao Tome, and Annobon; eastern Pacific from the

Gulf of California, the Gulf of Panama, and the

Galapagos Islands; sublittoral.

*125. Alpheus floridanus Kingsley

FIGURES 17-20

Alpheus floridanus Kingsley, 1878b: 193.

Alpheus floridanus floridanus.—Crosnier and Forest 1966:

267, figs. 20a, 21/-«.

Alpheus floridanus africanus.—Crosnier and Forest 1966:

269, figs. 20fc, 21a-«.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 74-56: Id1; Sta.

79-58: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: 5d \ 3

ovig. $).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 62-60: l<f;

Sta. 65-60: l<f, 1?) .

HABITAT.—All of the specimens mentioned above

were taken on mud or sandy mud bottoms in less

than 2 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas,

Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico to Estado da

Bahia, Brazil; eastern Atlantic from Guinea to

Congo; to a depth of 37 meters.

FIGURE 17.—Alpheus floridanus Kingsley, male, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 68-56, carapace length 8.8 mm: a, anterior region; b, right first pereiopod; c, left first pereiopod;

d, right second pereiopod; e, right third pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-e, X3.75.)

FIGURE 18.—Alpheus floridanus Kingsley, male, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 74-56, carapace length 8.8 mm: a, anterior region; b, right first pereiopod; c, left first pereiopod;

d, right second pereiopod; e, right third pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-e, X3.75.)
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 19.—Alpheus floridanus Kingsley, ovigerous female,

from Bahia de Cardenas, Provincia de Matanzas, Cuba (USNM 99967), carapace length 10.8 mm: a, anterior region;

b, right first pereiopod; c, left first pereiopod; d, left second

pereiopod; e, left third pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-e,

X3.75.)

REMARKS.—Several species of the Brevirostris

Group, to which A. floridanus belongs, are so variable

that they should be popular with those biologists who

would deny the species concept. The fact that Crosnier and Forest (1966) recorded both A. floridanus

floridanus and A. floridanus africanus Balss, 1916,

from off West Africa and from the western Atlantic

induced me to re-examine all of the material of the

species in the Smithsonian collections.

If only the extreme variants of the western Atlantic

form are considered, there is no doubt that two

species should be recognized. One of them would be

characterized by pronounced marginal sinuses between the rostrum and the ocular hoods (Figure

17a); the distolateral spine of the antennal scale extending beyond the blade by more than one-tenth of

the total length of the scale (Figure 17a); the major

first chela less than three times as long as broad (Figgure 18c); the minor first chela less than four times

as long as broad, the dactyl laterally carinate and

densely fringed with coarse setae ("balaeniceps") in

males (Figure 186); and the propodus of the third

FIGURE 20.—Alpheus floridanus Kingsley. Male, from south of Grand Isle, Louisiana, 37 m

(USNM 103528), carapace length 10.8 mm: a, anterior region; b, right first pereiopod; c, left

first pereiopod; d, right second pereiopod; e, right third pereiopod. Male, carapace length

11.3 mm, from same lot: f, chela of left first pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-f, X3.75.)
NUMBER 9 8 67

pereiopod armed with a row of 5 or 6 distinct spines

in addition to those on the distal margin (Figure

\Se). The other extreme, represented by four large

males (carapace lengths 10.7-11.3 mm) trawled in

37 meters in the Gulf of Mexico south of Grand Isle,

Louisiana, would be distinguished by the absence of

sinuses in the frontal margin either side of the rostrum (Figure 20a) ; the distal spine of the antennal

scale overreaching the blade very slightly or not at

all (Figure 20a) ; the major first chela up to six

times as long as broad (Figure 20b); the minor first

chela up to ten times as long as broad, the dactyl not

laterally carinate or densely setose (Figure 20c) ; and

the propodus of the third pereiopod armed at most

with 1 or 2 barely visible spines (Figure 20g).

As indicated in the accompanying figures, however,

there is little consistency in these characters. Although

frontal sinuses are usually well marked in the typical

form, they may also occur in specimens with elongate

chelipeds (Figure 19a). The distal spine of the antennal scale may extend not much beyond the blade

in the form with robust chelipeds (Figure 18a).

The major first chela varies from 2.6 to 3.8 times as

long as broad in the typical form and from 4.4 to 6.6

in the "ajricanus" form. The minor first chela ranges

from 3.7 to 5.9 times as long as broad in the typical

form and from 7.6 to 10.0 in the other, and the dactyl

is not always "balaeniceps" in otherwise typical

males; the propodus of the third pereiopod may be

armed with as few as 4 spines in the typical form and

as many as 3 spines in the "ajricanus" form.

For the time being, it seems best to treat all of

these forms as variants of a single species. If the examination of additional material fails to disclose an

overlapping in all these characters, however, it may

be necessary to recognize two distinct species in both

the western and eastern Atlantic. The species with

elongate chelae would presumably be known as A.

ajricanus or, if the holotype of that taxon is a specimen of the typical A. florid anus (see Crosnier and

Forest 1966:270), perhaps A. platycheirus Boone,

1927, will prove to be applicable to this form.

Holthuis (1951a: 78, fig. 14) has discussed similar

variation in A. glaber (Olivi, 1792) toward A. talismani Coutiere, 1898b, but both he and Crosnier and

Forest continue to recognize the latter as a distinct

species. In view of the variation in these species and

the tendency for some variable species to have wide

distributions, it may be desirable to re-examine some

of the Indo-Pacific species of the Brevirostris Group,

such as A. acutocarinatus De Man, 1909, A. lepidus

De Man, 1908, and A. rapacida De Man, 1908, to

make sure that they do not fall within the limits of

variation of A. floridanus.

*126. Alphcus formosus Gibbes

Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850:196.—Williams 1965b: 64,

fig. 52.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 3 c?, 1$ ; Sta.

5-58: Id; Sta. 23-58: lc?, 2 ? [1 ovig.].—Guana

Island (Sta. 9-58: 2c?, 3 ? [2 ovig.]) .—Virgin Gorda

(Sta. 111-56: 2? , 1?; Sta. 112-56: 2 c? ) •—Anguilla

(Sta. 55-58: 1 c?) .—Barbuda (Sta. 92-56: 1 ovig.

? ; Sta. 111-58: lc?, 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 98-59: 2c?, 3

ovig.? ; Sta. 102-59: 2 c?, 1 ovig. ? ) .—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 8c?, 7 ? [6 ovig.]) .—Antigua

Island (Sta. 73-56: 3c?, 4 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 77-56:

1 ? ; Sta. 78-58: 1 juv.; Sta. 110-59: lc?, 1?; Sta.

?-59: 1 ovig. 9 , 2 juv.).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 69-56:

lc?, 1 ovig.?, 1 juv.).—Dominica (Sta. 62-56:

ly?).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 60-59: 1?).—

Tobago Cays (Sta. 22-56: lc?, 1 ovig. ? ).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 15-56: 5c?, 4 ? [2 ovig.]; Sta.

16-56: 3c?, 3 ? [2 ovig.]; Sta. 17-56: 2c?, 1 ovig.

?).—Tobago (Sta. 8-59: 5c?, 8 ? [5 ovig.], 1?; Sta.

15-59: 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 26-59: lc?, 2? , 1 juv.; Sta.

31-59: lc?, 5 ? [1 ovig.], 1 juv.).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 1? , 2 juv.; Sta. 67-60: lc?,

1 ovig.?; Sta. 72-60: 2c?, 1 ovig.?; Sta. 82-60:

2 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 85-60: 1 ovig.? [with abdominal

bopyrid parasite], 1 juv.; Sta. 95-60: 2 c?, 2 ovig. ? ,

2 juv.).

HABITAT.—This apparently ubiquitous species was

found concealed in virtually all environments investigated by the expeditions: sand and mud flats with

and without Pocillopora and Porites, rock-studded

beaches, seawalls, wrecks, and exposed and submerged

reefs from above low-tide line to 2 meters deep.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Key West, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and the Bermudas

to Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil; to a depth of 42

meters.

127. Alpheus heterochaelis Say

Alpheus heterochaelis Say, 1818:243.—Williams 1965b:66,

fig. 54.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Amelia Island, Nassau County,

Florida.
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Surinam; sublittoral. The true range of this species is not yet well

defined. It is common along the southeastern and

Gulf coasts of the United States from North Carolina

to Texas (including Key West, Florida), but I have

seen only two lots from the West Indies—one from

Cuba and one from Curacao—that could be assigned

to A. heterochaelis with confidence. The specimens

recorded by Holthuis (1959) from Surinam undoubtedly belong to this species. There is some question, however, about those recorded by the same

author (1956) from Cananeia, Estado de Sao Paulo,

Brazil, because the males of that series do not have the

dactyl of the minor first chela "balaeniceps"-shaped.

At least some of the lots recorded by Rathbun (1900)

from between Estado do Rio Grande do Norte and

Estado de Alagoas, Brazil, are assignable to A. armillatus and A. nuttingi, and some of the material recorded by the same author (1901) from Puerto Rico

is A. armillatus and A. viridari. The two specimens

from Isla de Providencia listed by Schmitt (1939)

belong to A. nuttingi.

*128. Alpheus intr ins ecus Bate

Alpheus intrinsecus Bate, 1888:557, pi. 100: fig. 1.—Crosnier and Forest 1966:286, fig. 26.

MATERIAL.—Tobago (Sta. 6—59: 1?) .

HABITAT.—The single specimen was found on or in

the interstices of coral rock covered with algae.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Salvador, Estado da Bahia,

Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico to Estado de Sao

Paulo, Brazil; eastern Atlantic from Senegal to

Congo; to a depth of 30 meters.

*129. Alpheus malleator Dana

Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852:557.—Crosnier and Forest

1966:240, fig. 10.

MATERIAL.—Grenada (Sta. 8-56: lo").

HABITAT.—The single specimen was concealed in

an intertidal conglomerate rock and coral ledge.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil?

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico to Estado de Sao

Paulo, Brazil; eastern Atlantic from Senegal to

Congo; eastern Pacific from the Gulf of California,

Ecuador, and the Galapagos Islands; littoral and

upper sublittoral.

*130. Alpheus normanni Kingsley

Alpheus normanni Kingsley, 1878a: 93.—Williams 1965b:

65, fig. 53.

Crangon normanni.—Chace 1937:122.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: Id1).—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: Id1

; Sta. 108-58: 1?).—Saint

Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 2 ovig. 9).—Antigua

Island (Sta. 74-56: Id"; Sta. 109-59: 8d", 2 ovig.

9 ; Sta. 112-59: Id1, 2 ovig. 9 ) .—Dominica (Sta.

75-59: 1 juv.).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 17-56: 1

ovig. ? ) .—Tobago (Sta. 4-59: Id1, 1 ovig.?; Sta.

8-59: \d,2 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 31-59: 5d", 2 $ [1 ovig.]).

—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 100-60: 1 spec.).—Bahia de

la Ascensi6n (Sta. 91-60: Id1)-

HABITAT.—This species was found most frequently

on sand and mud flats covered with turtle-grass and

Porites. Some specimens were taken on a mud bottom under rocks and oysters and some occurred in

and among reef corals.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pacific coast of Panama.

DISTRIBUTION.—Virginia and Bermudas to Tobago

and westward to the Yucatan Peninsula; eastern

Pacific in the Gulf of California and at Panama; to

a depth of 73 meters.

*131. Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt)

Crangon nuttingi Schmitt, 1924c: 78, pi. 2: figs. 4-6.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 111-58: 2d>).—Antigua Island (Sta. 110-59: 2 9 ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta.

68-56: 19 ; Sta. 69-56: 17c", 109 [9 ovig.]).—

Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 60-59: Id1, 1 ovig. 9).—

Tobago Cays (Sta. 21-56: 6d \ 7 9 [6 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens listed above were

cracked from coral and coral rock, but a few were

found on sandy mud flats studded with boulders or

Porites.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pelican Island, Barbados.

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys to Estado de Alagoas, Brazil, and westward to Isla de Providencia and

Panama; sublittoral.

REMARKS.—The distal angle of the inner flexor

margin of the merus of the first pereiopods may or

may not be armed with a short spine or tooth in this

species, but the spine, if present, is seldom as prominent or sharp as it is in A. armillatus and A. viridari.
NUMBER 9 8 69

*132. Alpheus paracrinitus Miers

Alpheus paracrinitus Miers, 1881:365, pi. 16: fig. 6.—Crosnier and Forest 1966:253, fig. 15.

Crangon togatus Armstrong, 1940:2, fig. 1.

MATERIAL.-—Tortola (Sta. 23-58: Id1, 1 ovig. ?).

—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 1 ovig.?).—Virgin

Gorda (Sta. 112-56; Id1, 1 ovig. $ ).—Anguilla

(Sta. 55-58: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Barbuda (Sta. 113a-58: 1

ovig. 9 ; Sta. 98-59: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 102a-59: id)-

—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: Id1, 1 ovig.?; Sta.

112-59: Id1, 1?).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 21-56:

Id1)—Tobago (Sta. 8-59: 2d, 3 ovig.?, 1?; Sta.

31-59: lyd1).

HABITAT.—Many of the specimens were collected

on turtle-grass and Porites flats; some were probably

found under stones and possibly in dead coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Goree, Senegal.

DISTRIBUTION.—Virtually pantropical; to a depth

of 18 meters. In the western Atlantic, from the Bermudas and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to

Tobago.

*133. Alpheus peasei (Armstrong)

Alpheus (Dienesia) candei.—Verrill 1922:68, fig. 5b, pi. 19:

figs. 3a-d, pi. 20: fig. 1, pi. 21: figs. 6, 6a, pi. 24: figs.

2-4, pi. 29: figs. \a-t. [Not A. candei Guerin-Meneville,

1855.]

Crangon peasei Armstrong, 1940:1.

MATERIAL.—Anguilla (Sta. 55-58: 2d\ 2 ? [1

ovig.]).—Barbuda (Sta. 112a-58: 4tf, 2?).—Saint

Christopher (Sta. 103-56: Id1, 3? [2 ovig.]).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 2d\ 3 ovig. ? ) .—Dominica (Sta. 62-56: lyd1

; Sta. 75-59: Id1, 2 ovig.?, 5

juv.).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 65-59: Id1, 1 ovig.

?).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 23-56: Id1, 1 ovig.?).—

Tobago (Sta. 8-59: 5 ? [3 ovig.]).—Isla de Cozumel

(Sta. 34-60: Id ; Sta. 115-60: 2d1, 3 ovig.?).—

Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: Id1, 1 ovig.?,

2 juv.; Sta. 67-60: Id1, 1 ? ; Sta. 85-60: 1 ovig. ? ;

Sta. 95-60: Id1, 1 ovig.?, 1 juv.).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60: 1 spec).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens listed above were

found on, under, or in the interstices of rocks and

dead coral from the intertidal zone to a depth of 7

meters. One pair was extracted from a sponge in 3

feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Castle Harbour, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and Florida Keys to

Tobago and westward to Isla de Providencia and the

Yucatan Peninsula; littoral and sublittoral.

*134. Alpheus ridleyi Pocock

Alpheus Ridleyi Pocock, 1890:518.

Alpheus nigro-spinatus Rankin, 1898:249, pi. 30: fig. 6.

Alpheus ridleyi.—Crosnier and Forest 1966:230, 232, 233,

236, 237.

MATERIAL.—Anguilla (Sta. 55-58: Id1)-—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: Id1

, 3? [2 ovig.]).—Saint

Lucia Island (Sta. 47-56: lyd1; Sta. 60-59: 1 d ) •—

Tobago Cays (Sta. 22-56: Id1).—Tobago (Sta. 8-

59: 2d\ 1 ovig.? ).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 115-60:

1 d ) .—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 67-60: 1 juv.).

HABITAT.—This species seems to have been collected most frequently under boulders and pieces of

coral on sandy beaches, but it was also found in coral

rock at depths of 4 feet or more.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Arquipelago de Fernando de

Noronha, Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, and westward to the Yucatan Peninsula;

littoral and sublittoral.

REMARKS.—The notes on the type-series of A. ridleyi provided by Crosnier and Forest (1966) leave

little doubt that A. nigrospinatus is a junior synonym

of Pocock's species. Whether A. fagei Crosnier and

Forest, 1965, from the eastern Atlantic and A. arenensis (Chace 1937) from the Gulf of California also

fall within the limits of variation of A. ridleyi can be

determined only by a comparative study of adequate

series of specimens from all three regions. In the

western Atlantic material that I have seen, there is

a minute tooth on the flexor margin of the dactyls of

the third and fourth pereiopods. This tooth has not

been mentioned in any of the descriptions of these

three species. Presumably it has been overlooked because of its small size, but it is distinct at a magnification of 25 times in specimens of all sizes that I have

examined. I cannot agree with Schmitt (1924c: 72)

that A. malleator var. edentatus Zimmer, 1913, is a

synonym of this species. Except for differences that

could easily be associated with immaturity, Zimmer's

10 mm specimen seems to be a reasonably normal

example of A. malleator.
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

*135. Alpheus schmitti, new species

FIGURES 21, 22

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 110-59: 2 ovig.

9).—Grenada (Sta. 8-56: Id1 holotype, USNM

135361).—Tobago (Sta. 15-59: 4 c", 3$ [2 ovig.];

Sta. 26-59: Id1).

In addition to the above, I have seen a small male

that seems to belong to this species from Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, Florida; it was collected 22

August 1969 by Gary Hendrix.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 21a, b) small,

triangular, reaching little beyond margins of ocular

hoods, marked dorsally by low carina extending posteriorly about as far as posterior margins of ocular

hoods. Ocular hoods strongly produced anteriorly,

unarmed, bounded mesially by shallow but distinct

adrostral depressions and laterally by similarly distinct

grooves. Anterolateral margin of carapace nearly vertical for short distance below ocular hood, slanting

posteroventrally near lateral midline of basal segment

of antennal peduncle. Posterior margin of carapace

with cardiac notch.

Pleura of 5 anterior abdominal somites broadly

rounded. Sixth somite sharply acute ventral to insertion of uropod, bluntly acute dorsal to insertion. Telson (Figure 21c) nearly three-fourths as broad as

long, posterior margin slightly more than half as wide

as anterior margin; 2 pairs of rather stout dorsal

spines, anterior pair inserted slightly anterior to midlength of telson, posterior pair slightly nearer to posterior margin than to anterior pair; posterior margin

convex, armed with 2 pairs of stout lateral spines,

mesial pair twice, or more than twice, as long as latFIGURE 21.—Alpheus schmitti, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 6.0 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, telson and uropods; d, right antennule;

e, right antenna; f, right mandible; g, right first maxilla; h, right second maxilla; i, right first

maxilliped; ;, right second maxilliped; k, right third maxilliped; /, right first pereiopod, lateral

view; m, same, chela, mesial view; n, left first pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-c, k-n, X7.5;

d-j, X15.5.)
NUMBER 9 8 71

eral pair, space between spines bearing double row of

long setae.

Eyes entirely concealed by ocular hoods.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 21 d) with stylocerite

short, not nearly reaching distal margin of basal segment. Second segment subequal in length to first,

about twice as long as third.

Antennal scale (Figure 2\e) about three times as

long as wide; outer margin strongly concave proximally, faintly convex distally, distal spine very stout,

considerably wider than distal portion of blade, not

reaching as far as end of antennular peduncle; blade

narrowing abruptly with sinuous margin in distal

half, falling far short of tip of spine. Antennal peduncle slightly overreaching antennular peduncle;

basal segment with sharp slender lateral tooth below

base of antennal scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 21/—A:). Mandible

with 9 marginal teeth and vestige of tenth on incisor

process. Third maxilliped overreaching antennal scale

by two-thirds of terminal segment, exopod barely

overreaching antepenultimate segment.

Major first pereiopod (Figure 21/) overreaching

antennal scale by chela and carpus. Chela (Figure

21m) compressed, notched dorsally and ventrally,

and grooved on both lateral surfaces. Movable finger

opening and closing somewhat obliquely, rather

strongly arched, truncately rounded distally, usually

with distinct groove in distal part of each lateral surface; opposable margin with large, hooked, blunttipped tooth fitting into socket in fixed finger. Palm

with well-defined depression on lateral surface spreading from dorsal notch to narrowly acute apex ventrally and continuing proximally as broad groove with

subparallel margins disappearing proximal to oblique

suture; depression bounded ventrally by rounded

ridge delimited ventrally by longitudinal sinuous depression extending distally to near base of movable

finger and obscurely joining similar depression on fixed

finger; continuation of ventral notch sharply defined

proximally, trending distally into depression on fixed

finger. Mesial surface of palm with deep, sharply defined, elongate, triangular depression spreading from

dorsal notch and bounded ventrally by strong, anteriorly acute boss accentuated by sinuous longitudinal depression extending proximally from articulation with movable finger nearly to midlength of

chela; narrow oblique groove running ventrally and

proximally from dorsal margin opposite articulation

with finger and joining longitudinal depression at

apex of boss; ventral notch continued on mesial surface as well-defined, obliquely U-shaped depression.

Notches in dorsal and ventral margins distinct and

slightly overhung proximally. Merus of major cheliped with flexor margins unarmed distally. Minor first

cheliped (Figure 21 n) overreaching antennal scale by

chela and carpus. Movable finger rounded, usually

slightly more than half as long as palm in males,

often less than half as long as palm in females. Palm

not noticeably compressed, without grooves or depressions, distal angle on mesial side of articulation

with finger rounded, subrectangular. Merus with

flexor margins unarmed distally. Second pereiopod

(Figure 22a) overreaching antennal scale by chela,

carpus, and most of merus. Movable finger considerably

shorter than palm (Figure 226). Carpus about three

times as long as chela, subdivided into 5 articles decreasing in length as follows: 2, 1, 5, 4, 3. Merus

slightly longer than 3 proximal articles of carpus and

distinctly longer than ischium. Third pereiopod (Figure 22c) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and half of carpus; dactyl (Figure 22d) simple and unarmed, somewhat less than half as long as

propodus; propodus with row of 6 strong spines on

flexor margin and about 4 similar spines in adjacent

discontinuous row. Carpus about as long as propodus;

merus as long as carpus and fully half of propodus,

slightly less than three times as long as wide, with

small blunt tooth at distal end of flexor margin;

ischium unarmed. Fourth pereiopod (Figures 22«, /)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and

one-third of carpus, very similar to third pereiopod,

but distal tooth on flexor margin of merus usually less

distinct or absent. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 22g) much

smaller than third and fourth, reaching only to midlength of antennal scale; dactyl (Figure 22h) not

much more than one-third as long as propodus; propodus with spines on flexor margin clustered in distal

third of length; carpus slightly longer than propodus;

merus very slightly longer than carpus and without

tooth at distal end of flexor margin.

Second pleopod of male (Figure 22t) with appendix masculina (Figure 22;') distinctly overreaching

appendix interna. Uropod (Figure 21c) with lateral

margin of lateral branch terminating in 2 widely separated teeth flanking long, uncolored movable spine;

mesial branch of uropod with series of inconspicuous

spines, in addition to setae, on distal margin.
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 22.—Alpheus schmitti, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 6.0 mm: a, right

second pereiopod; b, same, chela; c, right third pereiopod; d, same, dactyl; e, right fourth

pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, right fifth pereiopod, anteromesial view; h, same, dactyl; i, right

second pleopod; ;, appendix masculina and appendix interna. (Magnifications: a, c, e, g, X7.5;

i, X15.5; b, d, f, h, X31;;, X78.)

Eggs numerous and small, measuring about 0.5 by

0.7 mm.

COLOR.—Color notes on the small male (carapace

length 4.0 mm) from Key Biscayne, Florida, have

been kindly contributed by the collector, Gary Hendrix: Carapace and abdomen mostly translucent and

colorless. Carapace with band of bluish chromatophores on rostrum and anterior margin of carapace;

hepato-pancreas green; cluster of bluish chromatophores in dorsal midline near posterior margin of

carapace. Abdomen with bluish-gray to greenish

transverse bands (formed by numerous small blue

chromatophores surrounding expanded and much

sparser red chromatophores) near anterior margin of

first somite and along posterior margins of 5 posterior

somites; telson with 3 characteristic longitudinal

stripes of grayish green. Antennules and antennal

scale transparent. Antennal peduncle with scattered

blue chromatophores. Major first pereiopod with

chela marked by broad, brownish to chocolate-brown

band covering most of extensor margin of palm and

extending obliquely to distal half of flexor margin of

propodus; chela white elsewhere; carpus and merus

with few brown spots on white background. Minor

first pereiopod with chela mostly brown, except for

white proximal half of movable finger; carpus and

merus as in major cheliped. Second pereiopods very

conspicuously colored with bright blue. Three posterior pairs of pereiopods translucent and colorless.

Lateral branch of uropod with subdistal, transverse,

grayish-green band; mesial branch with similar

oblique or nearly longitudinal band.

POSTURE.—Gary Hendrix noted that this species

maintains a rather unusual posture about 90 percent

of the time. The major first chela is directed upward

at an angle of 45 degrees, the second pereiopods are

held high and flexed in an arc, the third and fourth

pereiopods are held together and angled forward in

a partially flexed attitude, the fifth pereiopods are

similarly flexed but lean posteriorly, and the abdomen

is flexed under the thorax.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths, to base of

rostrum, of 3.6-6.8 mm (holotype 6.0 mm) ; females,

5.2-7.0 mm; ovigerous females, 5.8—7.0 mm.
NUMBER 9 8 73

HABITAT.—In coral and conglomerate rock in the

intertidal zone, sometimes exposed at low tide.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Grand Anse Bay outside Saint

Georges Harbour, Grenada, in partially exposed conglomerate rock and coral ledge along shore.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-series

from the Florida Keys, Antigua Island, Grenada, and

Tobago.

REMARKS.—Alpheus schmitti seems to be distinguished from most other members of the Edwardsii

Group of the genus by the broadly truncate movable

finger of the major chela, the unusually short fingers

of the minor chela, the intermediate development of

the distal tooth on the flexor margin of the merus of

the third pereiopod, and the unusually small fifth

pereiopod.

It is a pleasure to name this species for Waldo L.

Schmitt, who planned and led the four SmithsonianBredin Caribbean Expeditions and collected the typespecimen of this species, who has considerably enhanced our knowledge of the alpheid shrimps and

other decapod crustaceans during a career of more

than 50 years, and to whom I owe a special debt of

gratitude for warmhearted friendship, tolerance, and

counsel during the more than 35 years of our professional association.

136. Alpheus simus Guerin-Meneville

Alpheus simus Guerin-Meneville, 1855:xix, pi. 2: fig. 11.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—This species has probably not

been found again since it was described from Cuba

(see "Remarks").

REMARKS.—Coutiere (1899:18) believed that this

species was based on an abnormal specimen. It is

included here on the chance that it was not.

Verrill (1922:123, pi. 25: fig. 5) transferred

Guerin's species to Amphibetaeus on the strength of

a specimen "apparently of the same species" from

Dominica. VerrilFs figure, however, indicated as "after

Guerin," bears little resemblance to the latter's drawing. As a matter of fact, VerrilPs illustration is suggestive of Leptalpheus, except for the stylocerites,

which do seem to have been copied from Guerin.

Also, if the Dominican specimen had assymmetrical,

folding pereiopods, like those of Leptalpheus, the resemblance to Amphibetaeus might well be brought to

mind; however, the habitat "among branching corals

and sponges," where the Dominican specimen was

found, is hardly like the Upogebia burrows in estuarine mud flats, where Leptalpheus forceps occurs.

*137. Alpheus viridari (Armstrong)

Crangon viridari Armstrong, 1949:8, fig. 2.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 5-58: 2 ? [1 ovig.] 1

juv.).—Barbuda (Sta. 112a-58: 1 ovig. ? ).—Antigua Island (Sta. 74-56: 3c?, 13? [12 ovig.]; Sta.

77-56: Id1, 5 juv.; Sta. 123-58: 13o" [3 with

branchial bopyrids] 12? [11 ovig.]).—Guadeloupe

(Sta. 68-56: 2d \ 6 ? [3 ovig.]).— Tobago (Sta. 30-

59: Id, 2 ? [1 ovig.]).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 47-

60: ld \ 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 106-60: 1 ? ).—Bahia de la

Ascension (Sta. 53-60: 1 ? and molt; Sta. 65-60:

2o", 2 ? ; Sta. 66-60: 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 70-60: Id1, 1

ovig.?; Sta. 89-60: 4? ; Sta. ?-60: Id1).

HABITAT.—In general, the material in these collections was found on grass flats, the habitat indicated

for the species by Armstrong (1949:12). Several

specimens were taken in and hear mangroves, and

one lot was collected from a seawall. The single

specimen cracked from dead coral, at Sta. 112a-58,

lacked the major cheliped and may be A. armillatus.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Barahona, Dominican Republic.

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys to Trinidad and

westward to Curasao and the Yucatan Peninsula;

littoral and sublittoral.

*Genus Automate De Man, 1888

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Median frontal projection broadly rounded or subtriangular; propodus of third and fourtn

pereiopods armed with series of stout movable spines on flexor margin. (First article of

carpus of second pereiopod at least half as long as second article; dactyl of third and

fourth pereiopods slender, not subspatulate.) *139. A. gardineri

Median frontal projection reduced to acute tooth or lacking; propodus of third and fourth

pereiopods setose, without stout spines 2
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

2. Median frontal projection a small acute tooth; first article of carpus of second pereiopod

much less than half as long as second article; dactyl of third and fourth pereiopods

broad, subspatulate 138. A. evermanni

Frontal margin transverse, without median projection; first article of carpus of second

pereiopod at least half as long as second article; dactyl of third and fourth pereiopods

slender, not subspatulate *140. A. nctifrons

138. Automate evermanni Rathbun

Automate evermanni Rathbun, 1901:112, fig. 22.—Holthuis

1951a: 115, fig. 24.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Aguadilla, Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina (?) to Texas and

Puerto Rico; eastern Atlantic from the Cape Verde

Islands and Liberia to Nigeria; to a depth of 250

meters.

REMARKS.—Specimens of this species examined

from the Dry Tortugas, Florida, Texas, and Puerto

Rico display great variation in the form of the antennal scale. The blade varies from a subtruncate

form, in which it does not extend distally beyond the

base of the distolateral tooth, to a strongly produced

condition, in which it overreaches the tooth by an

amount at least equal to the length of the tooth.

In view of the occurrence of A. evermanni in both

the western and eastern Atlantic, it would be interesting to compare Atlantic with eastern Pacific specimens. If they should prove to be identical, A. evermanni would presumably become a junior synonym

of A. rugosa Coutiere, 1900, from the Bay of Panama.

The type of the latter species has not been found in

the Smithsonian collections.

The specimen from Beaufort, North Carolina, illustrated as A. kingsleyi by Williams (1965b: 63, figs.

51A, B, D—not c) is almost certainly A. evermanni, as

indicated by the form of the frontal projection and

the stylocerites. The misidentification was undoubtedly caused by the misleading figure of A.

kingsleyi in Hay and Shore (1918:387, fig. 106) and

by the fact that the specimen was taken near the

type-locality of that species.

*139. Automate gardineri Coutiere

FIGURE 23

Automate Gardineri Coutiere, 1902:337.

Automate kingsleyi Hay, 1917:72.

Automate johnsoni Chace, 1955:13, fig. 7.

Automate gardineri.—Banner and Banner 1966a: 150;

1966b: 3 7, fig. 8.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 1 ovig.

? ).—Bahia de la Ascensidn (Sta. 85-60: 1 ovig. $ ).

HABITAT.—The specimen from Virgin Gorda was

found on a shallow grass flat with much Pocillopora.

The Yucatan specimen was probably collected in a

rocky tide pool.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Maldive and Laccadive Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina, Virgin Islands,

Antigua Island, Barbados, and the Yucatan Peninsula; Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea to

Samoa; sublittoral. (See "Remarks.")

REMARKS.—As shown in Figure 23a, the illustration of the frontal region of the holotype of Automate kingsleyi in Hay and Shore (1918:387, fig. 10&)

is far from accurate. The frontal projection is large

and rounded, not very small and acute as in A. evermanni, and the stylocerite distinctly overreaches the

distal margin of the first antennular segment. The

specimen figured by Williams (1965b: 63, figs. 51A, B,

and D—not c) is probably A. evermanni, as indicated

by the reduced frontal projection and the short stylocerites. The remainder of the holotype of A. kingsleyi

is in rather poor condition, and figures are therefore

given here of the ovigerous female from Virgin Gorda

(Figures 236-r).

Even without considering the amount of variation

reported in A. gardineri by Banner and Banner

(1966a), I have been unable to distinguish the western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific forms, and I have

therefore synonymized A. kingsleyi with A. gardineri.

Unless obscure but constant differences are discovered when more material becomes available, this

species may eventually prove to have a pantropical

distribution. If it does, probably A. talismani Coutiere, 1902, from the eastern Atlantic, and A. haightae Boone, 1931, from the eastern Pacific, will also

become synonyms of A. gardineri, and the chance is

not too remote that all four names may finally fall

into the synonymy of A. dolichognatha De Man, 1888,

as mentioned by Banner and Banner.
NUMBER 9 8 75

FIGURE 23.—Automate gardineri Coutiere. Holotype, female,

of A. kingsleyi Hay, carapace length 3.8 mm: a, anterior region, dorsal view. Ovigerous female, carapace length 4.2 mm,

from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 111-56: b, anterior region,

lateral view; c, same, dorsal view; d, telson and uropods; e,

end of telson; /, left antennule; g, left antenna; h, left mandible; i, left first maxilla; ;, left second maxilla; *, left first

maxilliped; /, left second maxilliped; m, left third maxilliped; n, left first pereiopod; o, left second pereiopod; p, left

third pereiopod; q, left fourth pereiopod; r, left fifth pereiopod. (Magnifications: a-d, m-r, X7.5; e-l, X15.5.)

*140. Automate rectifrons, new species

FIGURE 24

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 96-58: 1 frag,

juv.).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 91-60: 1 $ holotype, USNM 135366).

DESCRIPTION.—Anterior margin of carapace (Figures 24a, b) deeply recessed posterior to eyes, nearly

straight mesially, without rostrum or median lobe.

Carapace inflated, smooth, and unarmed; anterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin with distinct cardiac notch at juncture with branchiostegite.

Pleuron of first abdominal somite with faintly convex margin, anterior angle broadly rounded, posterior

angle more narrowly so. Pleura of second through

fifth somites with long, faintly sinuous margins and

broadly rounded angles. Sixth somite about as long

as fifth, posterolateral angle narrowly rounded in

lateral view. Telson (Figure 24c) laterally constricted

near base, distal portions of margin convex and converging regularly to narrow posterior margin; dorsal

surface armed with 2 pairs of very small spines, anterior pair distinctly proximal to midlength of telson,

posterior pair nearer to posterior margin than to

anterior pair; posterior margin (Figure 24<f) transverse, without median projection, armed with pair of

stout lateral spines and pair of much longer and more

slender mesial spines or stout setae, with pair of fine

setae arising submarginally.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 24«) with stylocerite

broadly convex mesially, sinuous laterally, short

apical tooth falling far short of end of basal antennular segment; mesial surface of basal segment without ventral tooth; second segment subequal in length

to first and about two and one-half times as long as

third; lateral flagellum thickened for about 11

articles.

Antennal peduncle (Figure 24/) reaching about as

far as antennular peduncle. Antennal scale barely

reaching or falling slightly short of midlength of

terminal segment of peduncle, lateral margin faintly

sinuous, distal tooth short and stout, reaching about

as far as distal margin of blade. Basal segment of

peduncle without distinct tooth at articulation with

scale.

Mouth parts (Figures 24g-fc) apparently stuck together by preservative and difficult to remove intact.

Mandible with 6 marginal teeth on incisor process;

distal segment of palp narrow. First maxilla with ob-
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 24.—Automate rectifrons, new species, holotype, female, carapace length 3.0 mm: a,

anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, telson and uropods; d, end of telson;

e, left antennule; /, left antenna; g, right mandible; h, right first maxilla; i, right second maxilla,

most of scaphognathite missing; j , right first maxilliped; k, right second maxilliped; /, right

first pereiopod; m, left first pereiopod; n, right second pereiopod; o, right third pereiopod;

p, right fourth pereiopod; q, right fifth pereiopod. (Magnifications: a—c, l-q X15.5; d—k, X31.)

scurely bilobed palp, proximal lobe armed with long,

strong spine, larger distal lobe bearing single small

spinule or seta. First maxilliped with broad, 3-jointed

palp. Second maxilliped with rounded lobe, possibly

representing podobranch, at base of epipod. Third

maxillipeds lacking in holotype.

First pereiopods very unequal. Major cheliped

(Figure 24m) overreaching antennal peduncle by

about length of chela; fingers much shorter than

palm, slightly gaping; movable finger armed with

small, blunt proximal tooth on opposable margin, remainder of margin sinuous; fixed finger armed with

2 broad, low, rounded teeth; palm much longer than

broad, margins sinuously converging distally; carpus

less than half as long as palm; merus about threefourths as long as palm, flexor margin obscurely

crenulate, distal angle nearly semicircular; ischium

slightly more than one-third as long as merus, with

slender spine near distal end of flexor (dorsal) margin but no spine near extensor margin. Minor cheliped (Figure 24/) overreaching antennal peduncle by

slightly more than length of chela; fingers slightly

shorter than palm, unarmed on opposable margins;

carpus about four-fifths as long as palm; merus about

half again as long as palm, flexor margin obscurely

crenulate; ischium less than one-third as long as

merus. Second pereiopod (Figure 24n) overreaching

antennal peduncle by chela and 4 distal articles of
NUMBER 98 77

carpus; fingers slightly shorter than palm; carpus 5-

jointed, articles decreasing in length 2, 1, 3, 5, 4,

second article nearly twice as long as first; merus

slightly less than two-thirds as long as carpus; ischium

slightly longer than merus. Third pereiopod (Figure

24o) overreaching antennal peduncle by dactyl and

about one-half of propodus; dactyl simple, slender,

not subspatulate, less than half as long as propodus;

propodus tapering distally, without spines on flexor

margin except at distal angle, but 2 or 3 of long setae

stout; carpus slightly shorter than propodus; merus

about half again as long as propodus; ischium much

less than half as long as merus, unarmed. Fourth

pereiopod (Figure 24/?) overreaching antennal peduncle by about length of dactyl, nearly identical

with third but slightly longer and less robust. Fifth

pereiopod (Figure 24qr) overreaching antennal peduncle by nearly length of dactyl; dactyl more than

half as long as propodus; propodus with subparallel

margins, extensor margin with about 7 transverse

rows of setae in distal half and 2 widely separated

spines on mesial surface in addition to terminal spine

at base of dactyl; carpus about four-fifths as long as

propodus; merus very slightly longer than propodus;

ischium unarmed, about two-fifths as long as merus.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figure 24c) with lateral

margin strongly convex, terminating in obscure tooth,

but apparently without movable spine in gap between

tooth and blade.

SIZE.—Carapace length of holotype in midline 3.0

mm.

HABITAT.—The holotype was collected in shallow

water on a bottom covered with turtle-grass, conchs,

and Porites clumps. The juvenile specimen from

Antigua Island tentatively identified with this species

came from among, or under, rocks in 1—4 feet of

water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Inner side of Arrecife Nicchehabin, Bahia de la Ascension, Territorio de Quintana

Roo, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Thus far known only from the

type-locality and possibly Antigua Island.

REMARKS.—As suggested by the name (rectus,

L. = straight + frons, L. = brow), this species apparently is distinguished from the 11 species of the genus

previously described by the absence of any mesial

frontal projection or rostrum and possibly also by

the distal armature of the telson. In having the tip

of the stylocerite falling short of the distal margin of

the first antennular segment, A. rectifrons seems to

agree with A. anacanthopus De Man, 1910, A. branchialis Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1958, A. dolichognatha

De Man, 1888, and A. evermanni and to differ from

A. haightae Boone, 1931, A. johnsoni [A. gardineri],

A. kingsleyi [A. gardineri], and A. salomoni Coutiere,

1908. Banner and Banner (1966a: 151) noted that

in A. gardineri the stylocerite may either fall short

of, or overreach, the first antennular segment, and the

character has not been described for A. rugosa

Coutiere, 1900 (a species closely related to A. evermanni) and A. talismani Coutiere, 1902 (a species

that may prove to be identical with A. gardineri).

Holthuis and Gottlieb (1958:39) mentioned the importance of the relative lengths of the distolateral

tooth and the blade of the antennal scale. Automate

rectifrons agrees with A. branchialis and differs from

most of the other species in having the blade reaching

at least as far as the tip of the tooth. In A. evermanni,

however, this character seems to be very variable; in

some specimens of that species examined, the tooth

overreaches the blade by its entire length, whereas

in others the blade is produced far beyond the tip of

the tooth. In lacking spines on the flexor margin of

the propodus of the third and fourth pereiopods, the

new species agrees with A. anacanthopus, A. branchialis, A. evermanni, and probably A. rugosa and disagrees with the Dolichognatha Group (A. dolichognatha, A. gardineri, A. haightae, A. johnsoni, A.

kingsleyi, A. salomoni, and presumably A. talismani).

Genus Leptalpheus Williams, 1965a

Only one species is known.

141. Leptalpheus forceps Williams

Leptalpheus forceps Williams, 1965a: 192, figs. 1, 2.—Dawson 1967:224.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gallants Point, Newport River,

Carteret County, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Mississippi;

subtidal. (See "Remarks" under 136. Alpheus simus.)

*Genus Metalpheus Coutiere, 1908

Only one western Atlantic species is known.
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

*142. Metalpheus rostratipes (Pocock)

Alpheus rostratipes Pocock, 1890:522.—Crosnier and Forest

1966:246, figs. 12-14.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1$).—

Dominica (Sta. 75-59: 1 cT, 3 juv.).—Saint Lucia

Island (Sta. 65-59: ld \ 1 ovig. ? ).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 51-60: Id, 2 $ [1 ovig.], 1 juv.).—Bahia

de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 3d1, 3 ? [2 ovig.]; Sta.

67-60: 3d, 2 ovig. ? , 2 juv.; Sta. 85-60: 1 ovig.

$ ).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60: 8c?, 6 $

[5 ovig.], 2?).

HABITAT.—All of the specimens mentioned above

were probably living in the interstices of eroded coral

and coral rock.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fernando de Noronha.

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico and Yucatan Peninsula to Fernando de Noronha; probably pantropical;

to a depth of 12 meters.

REMARKS.—Coutiere (1908a:213-216) suggested

the genus Metalpheus for one or more species of

Alpheus having the antennules and antennae unusually robust; the eyes incompletely protected; the

labrum enlarged; the mandible, second and third

maxilliped, and first pereiopod atypical; the second

pereiopod short; and the pleopods different from

those of the other species of Alpheus. Holthuis (1955:

91) noted that the type-species was not named in

the original publication and that no species had been

assigned to the genus by later authors. It seems to me,

however, that Shelford (1909:2631) was justified in

recognizing Alpheus rostratipes as the "type" on the

basis of Coutiere's statement (p. 215) that "tels sont

les caracteres que Ton pourrait invoquer pour la

separation de YA. rostratipes et des formes affines.

Le nouveau genre pourrait recevoir le nom de Metalpheus s'il etait conserve."

I believe that Coutiere's genus should now be recognized because of the following apparently unique

characters: an unusually enlarged labrum enveloped

by an expanded mandibular incisor process; modified

second and third maxillipeds; the absence of a mastigobranch epipod on the fourth and fifth pereiopods;

and, especially, the greatly enlarged and modified appendix masculina on the male second pleopod. Although Alpheus paragracilis Coutiere, 1897, forms a

link between Metalpheus rostratipes and the more

nearly typical species of Alpheus, as noted by Coutiere

(1908a:215) and Banner and Banner (1964:89, 90),

it displays all of the characters of Metalpheus in less

modified form and should certainly be assigned to

the latter genus. Banner and Banner (1964:90) have

noted the similarity between these two species and

Pomagnathus corallinus Chace, 1937. There is no

doubt that Pomagnathus and Metalpheus are closely

related, but there seems to be sufficient reason to

consider them distinct. Pomagnathus agrees with

Metalpheus in the form of the front and mouth parts

(although the incisor process of the mandible is

armed with longer and sharper teeth, and the antepenultimate segment of the third maxilliped is even

more expanded than in M. rostratipes), but it differs

in lacking epipods on all of the pereiopods and in

having an appendix masculina that is even shorter

than the appendix interna rather than abnormally

elongate.

Genus Neoalpheopsis Banner, 1953

Only one Atlantic species is known.

143. Neoalpheopsis hummelincki (Schmitt), new

combination

Alpheopsis hummelincki Schmitt, 1936:364, pi. 11: fig. 1.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Kralendijk, Bonaire.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the male holotype from Bonaire.

REMARKS.—Even though the only recorded specimen lacks the first pair of pereiopods, the form of the

telson leaves little doubt that this species belongs in

the genus established by Banner (1953:20) for two

Pacific species.

*Genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955

Key to Western Atlantic Species

Rostral projection with lateral margins nearly straight, converging to broad tip, mesiodorsal

carina indistinct; third pereiopod with dactyl less than two-fifths as long as propodus, propodus longer than carpus 144. S. arubae

Rostral projection with lateral margins sinuous, converging to slender sharp tip, mesiodorsal

carina distinct; third pereiopod with dactyl nearly half as long as propodus, propodus shorter

than carpus »145. S. ortmanni
NUMBER 9 8 79

144. Salmoneus arubae (Schmitt)

Jousseaumea arubae Schmitt, 1936:366, pi. 12: figs. la-g.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Punta Braboe (Oranjestad),

Aruba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique typespecimen from the littoral zone of Aruba.

specimens came from tide pools and rocks near Jowtide level and one specimen was apparently taken

from much eroded coral standing in 10 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near Nassau, New Providence

Island, Bahamas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas, Bahamas, and Yucatan

Peninsula; littoral and upper sublittoral.

* 145. Salmoneus ortmanni (Rankin)

Athanas ortmanni Rankin, 1898:251, pi. 30: fig. 7.

Jousseaumea ortmanni.—Schmitt 1936:367, pi. 12: figs. 2h,

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 67-60:

1 juv.; Sta. 72-60: 1 $ ; Sta. 77-60: 1 9 ; Sta. 82-

60: 1 ovig. $ with bopyrid abdominal parasite; Sta.

85-60: 1 cf, 2 ovig. ? ; Sta. 87-60: 1 cf ; Sta. 91-60:

2 c", 1 ovig. $ ; Sta. 95-60: Id*).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60: 1 cf )•

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were collected

on turtle-grass flats to a depth of 6 feet, but three

•Genus Synalpheus Bate, 1888

Most of the numerous subspecies described by Coutiere (1909) are not recognized in this report. Many

are sympatric with the typical form of the species

concerned, and there seems little doubt that most of

them display only varietal differences. Their prevalance, however, emphasizes the amount of variabilityencountered in the genus and the difficulty in finding

specifically stable characters. The following key certainly will be ineffective for identifying the more

aberrant varieties, and it should be used with caution,

especially on single specimens and small lots.

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Stylocerite not overreaching basal segment of antennular peduncle (except in S. mcclendoni) ; movable finger of minor first chela with prominent fringe of long, distally

curved hairs on extensor surface (except reduced to single longitudinal row in S.

paraneptunus). (Ocular teeth not tapering to slender, sharp tips [slender but not

sharp in S. mcclendoni, sharp but not slender in S. pectiniger]; rostrum usually

without ventral process preventing contact between corneas of eyes [partial ventral

process in S. ratHbunae].) 2

Stylocerite distinctly overreaching basal segment of antennular peduncle; movable

finger of minor first chela with scattered tufts of straight hairs but without prominent fringe on extensor surface. (Antennal scale with well-developed blade; lateral

spine of basal antennal segment [basicerite] not reaching mid-length of antennal

scale; lateral branch of uropod with lateral margin unarmed proximal to distal

tooth.) 20

2.(1) Both pairs of dorsal spines of telson arising in anterior half of segment. (Carapace

not distinctly produced at anteroventral angle; cardiac notch not well marked;

basal segment of antennal peduncle [basicerite] not produced dorsally; palm of

major first chela armed with sharp distal spine.) 3

Posterior pair of dorsal spines of telson arising in posterior half of segment 4

3.(2) Carapace carinate anteriorly in dorsal midline; ocular teeth blunt, longer than broad

but distinctly broader than rostrum; antennal scale with vestige of blade; major

first chela not noticeably twisted, fixed finger not reduced; movable finger of minor

first chela subequally bidentate distally *146. S. anasimus

Carapace not carinate in dorsal midline posterior to base of rostrum; ocular teeth

acute, as broad as long but not much broader than rostrum; antennal scale without

vestige of blade; major first chela twisted, fixed finger short, not reaching nearly

as far distally as does movable finger; movable finger of minor first chela strongly

tridentate distally in lateral view *169. 5. pectiniger

4.(2) Carpus of second pereiopod composed of 4 joints. (Antennal scale without blade.) 5

Carpus of second pereiopod composed of 5 joints ^
8 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

5.(4) Basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) subrectangular dorsally, lateral spine

reaching nearly to tip of antennal scale; movable finger of minor first chela subequally bidentate distally; lateral branch of uropod with single tooth on lateral

margin proximal to movable spine 149. S. barahonetuu

Basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) with strong dorsal spine, lateral

spine not nearly reaching tip of antennal scale; movable finger of minor first chela

not clearly bidentate distally; lateral branch of uropod with 2 or 3 teeth on lateral

margin proximal to movable spine 6

6.(5) Major first chela with tubercle at distal end of palm armed with small, sharp anteroventral tooth; fingers of chela of second pereiopod filiform distally. 156. S. filidigilus

Major first chela with tubercle at distal end of palm unarmed; fingers of chela of

second pereiopod not filiform *170. S. rathbunae

7.(4) Lateral branch of uropod with 1 fixed tooth on lateral margin, sometimes at distolateral angle just lateral to movable spine, sometimes distinctly removed from

distolateral angle. (Basal segment of antennal peduncle [basicerite] not produced

dorsally.) 8

Lateral branch of uropod with 2 or more fixed teeth on lateral margin at, and proximal to, distolateral angle 14

8.(7) Antennal scale with well-developed blade. (Fingers of minor first chela not bidentate

distally.) 9

Antennal scale without blade. (Ocular teeth distinctly broader than rostrum; stylocerite not reaching as far as end of basal antennular segment.) 10

9.(8) Ocular teeth slender, not much broader than rostrum; first abdominal pleuron of male

without hooklike tooth; stylocerite slightly overreaching basal antennal segment;

major first chela not noticeably twisted, armed with stout spine at distal end of

palm *163. S. mccUndoni

Ocular teeth stout, distinctly broader than rostrum; first abdominal pleuron of male

armed with hooklike tooth; stylocerite not reaching as far as end of basal antennal

segment; major first chela twisted, palm terminating distally in spine-tipped lobe

171. S. sanctithomae

10.(8) Lateral spine of basal antennal segment (basicerite) reaching nearly to, or beyond, tip

of antennal scale. (Fingers of minor first chela bidentate distally.) 11

Lateral spine of basal antennal segment (basicerite) not reaching tip of antennal scale

12

11.(10) Ocular teeth with lateral margins straight or slightly concave; telson with lateral

margins nearly straight; antennular peduncle stout, overreaching antennal scale by

about half of distal segment, stylocerite broad *150. S. bousfieldi

Ocular teeth with lateral margins distinctly convex; telson with lateral margins concave in posterior fourth of length; antennular peduncle slender, overreaching

antennal scale by distal and half of penultimate segments, stylocerite slender

172. S. tanneri

12.(10) Ocular teeth extremely short and broad, much broader than long; "dorsal" spines of

telson arising from margin rather than dorsal surface. (Major first chela strongly

twisted, palm ending distally in low, rounded tubercle; fingers of minor first chela

subequally bidentate distally.) *151. S. brevifrons

Ocular teeth at least as long as broad; dorsal spines of telson arising from dorsal

surface 13

13.(12) Major first chela strongly twisted, palm not sharply spinous distally; fingers of minor

first chela not bidentate; third pereiopod with abruptly compressed flanges on

flexor margins of merus and carpus 147. D. androsi

Major first chela not strongly twisted, palm sharply spinous distally; fingers of minor

first chela subequally bidentate distally; third pereiopod without flanges on merus

and carpus »152. S. brooksi

14.(7) Lateral spine of basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) reaching nearly to,

or beyond, tip of antennal scale. (Fingers of minor first chela subequally bidentate

distally.) 15

Lateral spine of basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) falling considerably
NUMBER 9 8 81

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

short of tip of antennal scale. (Palm of major first chela terminating distally in

tubercle armed distally or distoventrally with small, sharp tooth.) 16

15.(14) Ocular teeth subacute, only slightly broader than rostrum; palm of major first chela

terminating distally in acute projection 160. S. herricki

Ocular teeth rounded, much broader than rostrum; palm of major first chela terminating distally in tubercle armed distoventrally with small, sharp tooth

•167. S. pandionis

16.(14) Basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) rounded or obtuse dorsally 17

Basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) rectangular or acute dorsally 18

17.(16) Movable finger of major first chela far overreaching very short fixed finger

•154. S. disparodigitus

Movable finger of major first chela barely overreaching normal fixed finger

•162. S. longicarpus

18.(16) Movable finger of minor first chela broadly tridentate distally in extensor aspect;

lateral branch of uropod armed with 3 or 4 fixed teeth and 1 or 2 movable spines

at distal end of lateral margin *168. 5. paraneptunus

Movable finger of minor first chela simple or bidentate distally; lateral branch of uropod armed with 8—17 fixed teeth on lateral margin 19

19.(18) Antennal scale with blade; distal tubercle on palm of major first chela armed distally

*158. S. goodei

Antennal scale without blade; distal tubercle on palm of major first chela armed

ventrally 166. S. osburni

20. (1) Ocular teeth triangular, not much broader than rostrum, not tapering to slender,

sharp tips 21

Ocular teeth elongate, much broader than rostrum, tapering to slender, sharp tips. 23

21.(20) Rostrum with well-developed ventral process preventing corneas of eyes from touching; palm of major first chela unarmed distally; merus of third pereiopod short and

broad, less than two and one-half times as long as broad 153. S. curacaoensis

Ventral process of rostrum vestigial or lacking, not preventing corneas of eyes from

touching; palm of major first chela with distal tooth or spine; merus of third

pereiopod about four times as long as broad 22

22.(21) Ocular teeth acute; stylocerite tapering to slender tip; basal segment of antennal

peduncle (basicerite) with acute or subacute dorsal projection *164. 5. minus

Ocular teeth broadly obtuse; stylocerite broadly rounded distally; basal segment of

antennal peduncle (basicerite) not produced dorsally *166. S. obtusifrons

23.(20) Dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods with distal tooth on flexor margin distinctly

divergent from axis of segment and much broader than extensor tooth, flexor

margin with prominence proximal to distal tooth. (Basal segment of antennal

peduncle [basicerite] strongly spinous dorsally.) 24

Dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods with terminal teeth subparallel, no prominence on flexor margin proximal to distal tooth 25

24.(23) Proximal prominence on flexor margin of dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods

low and obtuse *157. S. fritzmuelleri

Proximal prominence on flexor margin of dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods

large and sharp *159. S. hemphilH

25.(23) Basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) unarmed dorsally; distal spine on

palm of major first chela straight *173. S. townsendi

Basal segment of antennal peduncle (basicerite) armed dorsally with strong spine;

distal spine on palm of major first chela dorsally convex or lacking 26

26.(25) Palm of major first chela unarmed distally 161. S. latastei tenuispina

Palm of major first chela armed distally with curved spine 27

27.(26) Merus of third pereiopod unarmed; dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods with

distal tooth on flexor margin narrower than extensor tooth *148. 5. apioceros

Merus of third pereiopod armed on distal half of flexor margin with series of movable

spines; dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods with distal tooth on flexor margin

broader than extensor tooth 155. 5. dominicensis
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

*146. Synalpheus anasimus, new species

FIGURES 25-28

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 95-60:

1 cf, holotype, USNM 135367).—Bahia del Espiritu

Santo (Sta. 41-60: 2 ? [1 ovig.]).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 25a, b) not

reaching distal margin of first segment of antennular

peduncle, depressed below level of ocular hoods, concave dorsally and strongly convex ventrally but without true ventral process. Ocular hoods separated from

rostrum by broad deep rounded sinuses, forming

bluntly acute teeth not reaching as far as tip of

rostrum. Carapace carinate in dorsal midline on anterior fourth to half, carina ending near base of rostrum; pterygostomial margin slightly produced as

broadly rounded lobe.

Pleuron of first abdominal somite of male (Figure

25c) with hooklike tooth on posterior half of ventral

margin; pleura of remaining somites more or less

rounded, those of fourth and fifth somites obscurely

angulate, especially in females. Telson (Figure 25d)

subtriangular with faintly sinuous lateral margins and

narrowly convex posterior margin; dorsal surface

slightly depressed mesially, armed typically with 2

pairs of prominent spines, both arising in anterior

half of telson; posterior margin armed with 2 pairs

of strong spines and 3 or 4 pairs of setae, mesial pair

of spines more than twice as long as lateral pair.

Stylocerite of antennular peduncle (Figure 256)

acute, not reaching level of distal margin of basal

antennular segment. Segments of peduncle short and

broad, second segment not much longer than third.

Antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle;

blade reduced, represented by bluntly triangular lobe.

Basal segment of peduncle not produced dorsally; lateral spine reaching to, or slightly beyond, end of basal

third of scale. Distal segment of peduncle variable,

long and slender in lateral view, and distinctly overreaching scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 25e—j). Mandibles

with 5 or 6 teeth on incisor process, molar process

much larger than incisor. Palp of first maxilliped consisting of 2 segments. Third maxilliped overreaching

antennal peduncle by about one-half of distal segment, exopod reaching nearly to end of antepenultimate segment.

Major first pereiopod of male (Figure 26a) (lacking in both females) overreaching antennal peduncle

FIGURE 25.—Synalpheus anasimus, new species, holotype,

male, carapace length 2.2 mm: a, anterior region, lateral

view; b, same, dorsal view; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, right mandible; /, right first maxilla; g, right second

maxilla; h, right first maxilliped; i, right second maxilliped;

;, right third maxilliped. (Magnifications: a-j, X31.)
NUMBER 9 8 83

FIGURE 26.—Synalpheus anasimus, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 2.2 mm: a, right

first pereiopod; b, left first pereiopod; c, right second pereiopod; d, right third pereiopod;

e, same, dactyl; /, right fourth pereiopod; g, same, dactyl; h, right fifth pereiopod; i, same,

dactyl. (Magnifications: a-d, f, h, X31; e, g, i, X78.)

by nearly entire length of chela. Chela not noticeably

twisted, about three and one-half times as long as

broad. Fingers from one-third to two-fifths as long

as palm. Palm terminating dorsodistally in sharp horizontal tooth. Carpus short and broad. Merus considerably more than half as long as palm, bluntly produced at distal end of flexor margin. Minor first

pereiopod (Figure 266) overreaching antennal peduncle by nearly entire length of chela or by chela

and as much as one-fourth of carpus. Chela slightly

less than three times as long as broad. Fingers bidentate; movable finger with dense fringe of hairs

on extensor margin. Carpus more than half as long

as chela. Second pereiopod (Figure 26c) overreaching

antennal peduncle by length of chela and at least half

of carpus. Fingers more than one and one-half times

as long as palm. Carpus slightly more than one and

one-half times as long as chela and composed of 4

articles in male, nearly one and three-fourths times

as long as chela and composed of 5 articles in females.

Merus nearly as long as carpus and about one-third

longer than ischium. Third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods with dactyls biunguiculate and rather short,

somewhat shorter and stouter in females than in

male; terminal process on flexor margin slightly divergent from curve of segment, narrower than, or

subequal to, extensor process in male, broader in females. Third pereiopod (Figures 2Sd, e) overreaching

antennal peduncle by length of dactyl and about onehalf of propodus; propodus nearly five times as long

as dactyl, flexor margin armed throughout length

with 4 or 5 movable spinules in addition to distal

one; carpus nearly two-thirds as long as propodus,

armed with movable spinule at distal end of flexor

margin; merus unarmed, one and one-third times as

long as propodus in male, fully one and one-half times

as long in females. Fourth pereiopod (Figures 26/, g)

reaching nearly to end of antennal peduncle; propo-
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 27.—Synalpheus anasimus?. Ovigerous female, carapace length 3.2 mm, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 41-60: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, right

mandible; d, right first maxilla; e, right second maxilla; f, right first maxilliped: g, right second maxilliped; h, right third maxilliped. Female, carapace length 3.5 mm, from same station:

i, telson and uropods. (Magnifications: a—i, X31.)

dus barely four times as long as dactyl in male, more

than four and one-half times as long in females,

flexor margin armed throughout length with 4 movable spinules in addition to distal one; carpus about

two-thirds as long as propodus, with movable spinule

at distal end of flexor margin; merus unarmed, about

one and one-third times as long as propodus in male,

nearly one and one-half times as long in females.

Fifth pereiopod (Figures 2Sh, i) reaching to about

midlength of distal segment of antennal peduncle;

propodus barely four and one-third times as long as

dactyl in male, more than four and three-fourths

times as long in females, flexor margin armed in distal

half with 1-3 movable spinules in addition to distal

one and with 5 or 6 oblique rows of setae; carpus

unarmed, about four-fifths as long as propodus; merus

unarmed, slightly longer than propodus.

Appendix interna on endopod of second to fifth

pleopods in both sexes. Lateral branch of uropod

(Figure 25d) convex and armed with 1 or 2 teeth

proximal to movable spine at distal end of margin.

Eggs few and large, more than 1 mm in length.

SIZE.—Carapace length of male holotype to base

of rostrum 2.2 mm; of females, 3.2 and 3.5 mm.

HABITAT.—The habitat of the male holotype is not

known with certainty. The females were probably

living in the upper portions of much eroded coral

standing in 10 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near Punta Soliman, Bahia de

la Ascension, Territorio de Quintana Roo, Mexico.
NUMBER 9 8 85

FIGURE 28.—Synalpheus anasimus?, ovigerous female, carapace length 3.2 nun, from Smithsonian-Bred in Station 41-60: a, right first pereiopod; b, right second pereiopod; c, right third

pereiopod; d, same, dactyl; e, right fourth pereiopod; f, same, dactyl; g, right fifth periopod;

h, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a-c, e, g, X31; d, f, h, X78.)

DISTRIBUTION.—East coast of Yucatan Peninsula.

REMARKS.—The integument of this species is thin

and fragile, resulting in some distortion during preservation. The cardiac notch at the junction of the posterior margin of the carapace with the branchiostegite

is present but less well marked than in most species

of the genus.

There is little doubt that S. anasimus belongs to

the Laevimanus (or Gambarelloides) Group of the

genus, but it seems to differ from all previously described species of that group in the depressed upturned rostrum (which suggested the specific name:

anasimos, G., = with a turned-up nose), the median

carina on the carapace, and the anteriorly placed

dorsal spines on the telson. Until additional material

becomes available, there must be some doubt that the

two females from Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Figures

27, 28) are specifically identical with the male holotype from Bahia de la Ascension. They differ from

the male in having the dorsal spines on the telson

placed farther anteriorly and the distal spines shorter

and stouter, the terminal segment of the antennal

peduncle more slender in dorsal view, the incisor

process of the mandible armed with 6 rather than

5 marginal teeth, the carpus of the second pereiopod

composed of 5 rather than 4 articles, and the 3

posterior pairs of pereiopods with slightly different

proportions and the dactyls rather markedly different
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

in form. Inasmuch as the two lots agree in the unique

form of the rostrum and the median carina and

rather obscure cardiac notch on the carapace, the

differences are tentatively assumed to represent normal variation or sexual dimorphism.

147. Synalpheus androsi Coutiere

Synalpheus androsi Coutiere, 1909:82, fig. 50.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—West side of Andros Island,

Bahamas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

unique type-specimen from Andros Island, Bahamas.

*148. Synalpheus apioceros Coutiere

Synalpheus apioceros Coutiere, 1909:27, fig. 9.

MATERIAL.—Anegada (Sta. 42-58: 2 spec. [1

ovig.]).—Barbuda (Sta. 113a-58: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]).

—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 2 ovig.? ; Sta. 80-56:

1 spec; Sta. 82-56: 17 spec. [4 ovig.]; Sta. 94-56:

1 spec; Sta. 78-58: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta. 79-58: 3

spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta. 105-59: 1 spec; Sta. ?-59: 6

spec. [1 ovig.]).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 65-59:

1 ovig.?).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 15-56: 2 spec).

—Tobago (Sta. 31-59: 1 spec).—Isla de Cozumel

(Sta. 115-60: 1 ovig.?. [approaching S. fritzmuellert]).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 7 spec

[3 ovig.]; Sta. 60-60: 1 spec; Sta. 67-60: 14 spec.

[6 ovig.]; Sta. 72-60: 10 spec [2 ovig.]; Sta. 82-

60: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta. 91-60: 1 ovig.?).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens listed above were

taken on grass flats and weed-covered ships, wrecks,

and a seawall, but some were apparently found under

rocks and pieces of coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Marco, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southern Florida to Surinam,

westward to the Yucatan Peninsula.

REMARKS.—The Brazilian form named S. apioceros desterroensis by Coutiere (1909) approaches S.

townsendi in the shape of the distal tooth on the

palm of the major chela, but the basal antennal segment is armed dorsally as in S. apioceros. The status

of S. a. desterroensis must await the study of additional collections from South America.

149. Synalpheus barahonensis Armstrong

Synalpheus barahonensis Armstrong, 1949:20, fig. 7.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Behind Piedra Prieta Reef,

Barahona Harbor, Dominican Republic

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the typelocality.

•150. Synalpheus bousfieldi, new species

FIGURES 29, 30

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 37-58: 1? , 1

juv. [see "Remarks"]; Stas. 37, 38, 39-58: 1? , 14

juv. [see "Remarks"]).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo

(Sta. 41-60: Id, 2 ovig. ? [1 ovig. ? is holotype,

USNM 135369.]).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 29a, b, k) narrowly triangular, slightly overreaching or falling short

of line between tips of stylocerites; no process extending ventrally from near base of rostrum. Ocular hoods

deeply separated from rostrum by rounded sinuses,

produced anterolaterally to broadly rounded teeth

extending about as far as tip of rostrum. Pterygostomial angle of carapace rather strongly produced

as rounded tooth.

Pleura of anterior 4 abdominal somites broadly

rounded in female (Figure 29<r), that of fifth somite

subrectangular, of sixth acuminate. Pleuron of first

somite in male (Figure 29/) bearing broad hooked

tooth posteriorly, those of remaining somites similar

to those of female but that of fourth somite obscurely

angulate posteriorly. Telson (Figure 29<f) triangular

with nearly straight lateral margins and rather narrowly convex terminal margin; dorsal surface divided

into 3 subequal parts by 2 pairs of distinct but not

large spines, proximal pair situated nearer lateral

margins than those of distal pair; distal margin

armed with 2 pairs of unequal spines.

Stylocerite of antennular peduncle terminating in

blunt tip reaching nearly to, or beyond, level of

rostral projection. Segments of antennular peduncle

rather short and broad, second segment slightly

longer than third.

Antennal scale reaching about as far as end of

antennular peduncle; blade absent in males, indicated by basal vestige in females. Basal segment of

peduncle neither armed nor angulate dorsally; lateral

spine long and stout, reaching about as far as tip of

antennal scale. Distal segment of peduncle about five

times as long as broad, overreaching antennular

peduncle and antennal scale by more than one-fourth

of length.
NUMBER 9 8 87

FIGURE 29.—Synalpheus bousfieldi, new species. Holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

3.2 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view (antennuler peduncle slightly

foreshortened) ; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, left mandible; /, left first maxilla; g, left

second maxilla; h, left first maxilliped; i, left second maxilliped; ;, left third maxilliped. Paratype, male, carapace length 3.2 mm: k, anterior region, dorsal view; /, abdomen. (Magnifications: a, b, d-k, X31; c, I, X15.5.)

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 29e-j). Mandible

with 6 marginal teeth on incisor process. Palp of first

maxilliped consisting of 2 segments. Third maxilliped

reaching slightly beyond antennal peduncle, exopod

falling slightly short of end of antepenultimate segment.

Major first pereiopod (Figure 30a) overreaching

antennal peduncle by all but extreme proximal portion of chela. Chela not quite three times as long as

broad. Fingers (Figure 30&) somewhat less than half

as long as palm; movable finger opening and closing

in oblique plane due to torsion of chela. Palm termi-
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 30.—Synalpheus bousfieldi, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

3.2 mm: a, right first pereiopod; b, same, fingers; *, left first pereiopod; d, left second pereiopod; e, left third pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, left fourth pereiopod; h, same, dactyl; i, left

fifth pereiopod; ;, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a-e, g, i, X31; /, h, j , X78.)

nating dorsodistally in blunt spine directed distoventrally. Carpus very short and broad. Merus unarmed,

fully half as long as palm. Minor first pereiopod

(Figure 30c) overreaching antennal peduncle by

about two-thirds of chela. Chela not quite three times

as long as broad. Fingers deeply bidentate; movable

finger with dense fringe of hairs on extensor surface.

Carpus about half as long as chela. Second pereiopod

(Figure 30d) barely overreaching antennal peduncle.

Fingers at least one and one-half times as long as

palm. Carpus only slightly more than one and onehalf times as long as chela, composed of 5 articles;

proximal article not quite as long as combined lengths

of distal 4; second, third, and fourth articles subequal, each about half as long as fifth. Merus nearly

as long as carpus and about 1.3 times as long as

ischium. Third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods with

dactyls relatively short, biunguiculate; flexor terminal
NUMBER 9 8 89

process not markedly divergent from curve of segment, shorter but not much broader at base than extensor process. Third pereiopod (Figures 30e, /)

barely overreaching antennal peduncle; propodus

more than four times as long as dactyl, entire flexor

margin armed with movable spinules; carpus about

three-fourths as long as propodus, armed with movable spinule at distal end of flexor margin; merus

unarmed, about one and one-half times as long as

propodus. Fourth pereiopod (Figures 30g, h) similar

to third but shorter, barely overreaching antennular

peduncle. Fifth pereiopod (Figures 30i, ;') reaching

about as far as distal end of basal segment of antennular peduncle; propodus about one and two-thirds

times as long as dactyl, flexor margin armed with 2

spinules near distal end and several oblique rows of

setae in distal two-thirds; carpus unarmed, nearly

nine-tenths as long as propodus; merus unarmed,

subequal in length to propodus.

Appendix interna on second to fifth pleopods in

both sexes. Uropods (Figure 29<f) very broad; lateral

branch with fixed tooth on lateral margin about onefourth of distance from obscure notch armed with

large and small spines marking juncture with margin

of blade.

Eggs (Figure 29c) few and very large, 1 mm or

more in length.

SIZE.—Male with carapace length, to base of rostrum, of 3.2 mm; female without eggs, 2.3 mm; ovigerous females, 3.2 (holotype) and 3.8 mm; juveniles,

1.7-2.2 mm.

HABITAT.—-The topotypic series was probably taken

from the upper portions of much eroded coral standing in 10 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—West side of reef east of anchorage, Bahia del Espiritu Santo, Territorio de Quintana

Roo, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Yucatan Peninsula and, possibly,

the Virgin Islands.

REMARKS.—The brush of hairs on the movable

finger of the minor first pereiopod places this species

in the Laevimanus (or Gambarelloides) Group. It

seems to be most closely related to S. tanneri, but

comparison with the unique type-specimen of that

species shows that it differs in having the lateral

margins of the orbital hoods straight or slightly concave rather than strongly convex, the lateral margins

of the telson nearly straight rather than strongly concave posteriorly, and, especially, in having the antennular peduncle much stouter and the stylocerite

broader and blunter.

The series of small specimens from Virgin Gorda

are provisionally assigned to S. bousfieldi. They differ

in having all of the abdominal pleura acuminate, the

antennular peduncle somewhat longer, and the dorsodistal spine on the palm of the major chela reduced

in size and, in some specimens, obsolescent. It has

been assumed that all of these differences may represent growth changes.

This species is named for E. L. Bousfield, Chief

Zoologist at the National Museum of Natural Sciences of Canada, who collected the type-series and

whose enthusiasm and skill contributed materially to

the success of the Smithsonian-Bredin Expedition of

1960.

*151. Synalpheus brevifrons, new species

FIGURES 31, 32

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 55-56: 1 $ , holotype,

USNM 135371).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 31a, b) small,

broadly acute, depressed below level of ocular hoods,

slightly convex longitudinally in ventral midline,

without ventral process. Ocular hoods separated from

rostrum by broad shallow sinuses, forming broadly

and obscurely obtuse projections slightly overreaching

rostrum. Carapace slightly elevated in midline posterior to rostrum but not distinctly carinate; anterolateral margin nearly vertical, pterygostomial angle

slightly produced but bent mesially, and invisible in

lateral view.

Pleura of anterior 5 abdominal somites of female

broadly rounded, of sixth sharply acute. Telson (Figure 31c) triangular with lateral margins nearly

straight and posterior margin convex; rather flat

dorsally, not noticeably depressed in midline; armed

with 2 pairs of stout spines arising from lateral margins, anterior pair situated slightly proximal to midlength of telson, posterior pair midway between anterior pair and posterior margin; latter armed with 2

pairs of stout spines and 11 setae, 6 marginal and 5

submarginal, mesial pair of spines slightly less than

twice as long as prominent lateral pair.

Stylocerite of antennular peduncle acute, not

reaching level of distal margin of basal antennular

segment. Segments of peduncle not elongate, second

and third subequal.
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 31.—Synalpheus brevifrons, new species, holotype,

female, carapace length 2.8 mm: a, anterior region, lateral

view; b, same, dorsal view; c, telson and uropods; d, left

mandible; e, left first maxilla; f, left second maxilla; g, left

first maxilliped; h, left second maxilliped; i, left third maxilliped. (Magnifications: a-i, X31.)

Antennal scale reaching only slightly beyond antennular peduncle, blade completely lacking. Basal

segment of peduncle not produced dorsally; lateral

spine reaching slightly beyond midlength of scale.

Distal segment of peduncle long and slender, nearly

six times as long as broad and far overreaching scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 31 d-i). Mandible

with 6 marginal teeth on incisor process, molar

process slightly broader than incisor. Palp of first

maxilliped consisting of 2 segments. Third maxilliped

overreaching antennal peduncle by about one-half

of distal segment, exopod not reaching end of antepenultimate segment.

Major first pereiopod (Figure 32a) overreaching

antennal peduncle by chela and carpus. Chela not

quite two and one-half times as long as broad.

Fingers (Figure 32b) about two-fifths as long as

palm; movable finger opening and closing in nearly

vertical plane due to torsion of chela. Palm terminating dorsodistally in rounded tubercle. Carpus short

and broad. Merus considerably more than half as

long as palm, with acute projection at distal end of

flexor margin. Minor first pereiopod (Figure 32c)

overreaching antennal peduncle by chela and nearly

two-thirds of carpus. Chela more than two and onehalf times as long as broad. Fingers bidentate; movable finger with fringe of hairs in distal half of extensor margin. Carpus slightly more than half as long

as chela. Second pereiopod (Figure 32d) overreaching antennal peduncle by length of chela and 3 distal

articles of carpus. Fingers only slightly longer than

palm. Carpus nearly twice as long as chela, composed of 5 articles; proximal article nearly as long as

combined lengths of 4 distal articles; second, third,

and fourth articles subequal, each about half as long

as fifth. Merus distinctly shorter than carpus and

more than one-third longer than ischium. Third,

fourth, and fifth pereiopods with dactyls rather short,

biunguiculate; terminal process on flexor margin divergent from curve of segment, subequal in basal

width to extensor process. Third pereiopod (Figures

32*, /) overreaching antennal peduncle by dactyl and

one-third of propodus; propodus about four times as

long as dactyl, flexor margin armed throughout

length with 7 movable spinules in addition to distal

one; carpus nearly nine-tenths as long as propodus,

armed with movable spinule at distal end of flexor

margin; merus unarmed, more than one and one-half

times as long as propodus. Fourth pereiopod (Figures
NUMBER 9 8 91

FIGURE 32.—Synalpheus brevifrons, new species, holotype, female, carapace length 2.8 mm:

a, right first pereiopod; b, same, fingers; c, left first pereiopod; d, left second pereiopod; e, left

third pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, left fourth pereiopod; h, same, dactyl; i, left fifth pereiopod;

j , same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a-e, g, i, X31; /, h, j , X78.)

32g, h) reaching distal fourth of distal segment of

antennal peduncle; propodus little more than three

times as long as dactyl, flexor margin armed throughout length with 4 movable spinules in addition to

distal one; carpus more than four-fifths as long as

propodus. Fifth pereiopod (Figures 32t, /') reaching

level of proximal end of distal segment of antennal

peduncle; propodus less than four times as long as

dactyl, flexor margin armed with 2 or 3 movable

spinules in distal half in addition to distal one and

with about 5 oblique rows of setae in distal twothirds; carpus unarmed, about nine-tenths as long as

propodus; merus unarmed, slightly shorter than

propodus.

Lateral branch of uropod (Figures 31c) with lateral margin slightly convex and armed with 1 strong

tooth far proximal to strong movable spine at distal

end of margin. Inner branch of uropod unusually

enlarged.

SIZE.—Carapace length of female holotype to base

of rostrum 2.8 mm. The appearance of the abdomen

and pleopods suggests that the specimen had recently

carried eggs.

HABITAT.—On coral-encrusted boulders in a few

feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—North end of Woodbridge Bay,

Dominica.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique specimen taken at the type-locality.

REMARKS.—There is little doubt that Synalpheus

brevifrons belongs to the Laevimanus (or Gambarelloides) Group of the genus, but it seems to differ
92

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

from all previously described species of that group

in the form of the rostrum and ocular hoods (hence

the specific name: brevis, L., = short + frons, L,,

= front) and the marginal position of the "dorsal"

spines of the telson. It superficially resembles S. tanneri Coutiere, 1909, from the northeastern Gulf of

Mexico, but comparison of the unique holotypes of

S. brevifrons and S. tanneri discloses that the former

has the ocular hoods less produced (they are not

accurately depicted in Coutiere's figure) ; the telson

of the former also has the distal margin convex

rather than narrowly truncate and the proximal

spines marginal rather than dorsolateral, the antennules are less elongate, the basal segment of the

antennal peduncle has the lateral spine shorter and

more slender, the major chela has the dorsodistal

prominence less produced, and the branches of the

uropod are more unequal.

*152. Synalpheus brooksi Coutiere

Synalpheus brooksi Coutifcre, 1909:69, fig. 41.

MATERIAL.—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: 15 spec. [9

ovig.]; Sta. 92-59: 40 spec. [19 ovig.]).—Antigua

Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 spec, with abdominal bopyrid).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 22-56: 11 spec. [6

ovig., 1 with branchial bopyrid, 1 with abdominal

bopyrid]; Sta. 23-56: 10 spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta. 24-56:

51 spec. [22 ovig., 13 with branchial bopyrids, 1 with

abdominal bopyrid]).—Tobago (Sta. 30-59: 74 spec.

[28 ovig., 1 with branchial bopyrid]).—Isla Mujeres

(Sta. 17-60: 7 spec; Sta. 28-60; 80 spec. [4 ovig.,

1 with abdominal bopyrid]; Sta. 29-60: 2 spec. [1

ovig.]—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 47-60: 13 spec. [1

ovig., 2 with abdominal bopyrids]; Sta. 48-60: 94

spec. [13 ovig., 1 with abdominal bopyrid]; Sta.

51-60: 4 spec).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 72-60:

1 spec; Sta. 77-60: 170 spec [25 ovig.]; Sta. 91-60:

1 spec).

HABITAT.—Many of the specimens listed above

were found in sponges, some in coral rock, and most

of the remainder were taken on turtle-grass flats or

among mangrove roots without indication of exact

association.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Sugar Loaf Key, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys,

Bahamas, and the Yucatan Peninsula to Estado do

Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; to a depth of 50 meters.

REMARKS.—Males and also ovigerous females were

infested with both branchial and abdominal bopyrids.

Several specimens with "male" abdominal pleura

have spherical objects, possibly infertile eggs, attached

to the pleopods.

153. Synalpheus curacaoensis Schmitt

Synalpheus curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924a: 66, fig. 3.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Spaansche Water, Curacao.

DISTRIBUTION.—Curasao and Bonaire.

*154. Synalpheus disparodigitus Armstrong

Synalpheus disparodigitus Armstrong, 1949:17, fig. 6.

MATERIAL.—Carriacou Island (Sta. 16-56:

id1).

HABITAT.—The single specimen of this species was

taken near the seaward edge of an exposed reef composed chiefly of dead Pocillopora.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Behind Piedra Prieta Reef, Barahona Harbor, Dominican Republic.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the Dominican

Republic and now from Carriacou Island, Grenadines; sublittoral.

155. Synalpheus dominicensis Armstrong

Synalpheus dominicensis Armstrong, 1949:23, fig. 8.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Inside Piedra Prieta Reef, Barahona Harbor, Dominican Republic.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

vicinity of Barahona Harbor, Dominican Republic.

156. Synalpheus filidigitus Armstrong

Synalpheus filidigitus Armstrong, 1949:15, fig. 5.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Shoreward of Piedra Prieta

Reef, Barahona Harbor, Dominican Republic.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the typelocality.

*157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutiere

Synalpheus fritzmiilleri Couttere, 1909:35, fig. 18.

Synalpheus fritzmuelleri.—Williams 1965b: 69, fig. 56.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 2 spec; Sta.

5-58: 1 spec.).—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 2 spec).

—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 3 spec. [1 ovig.];
NUMBER 9 8 93

Sta. 112-56: 6 spec. [1 ovig.]; Stas. 37, 38, 39-58:

5 spec. [2 ovig.]).—Anguilla (Sta. 55-58: 3 spec. [1

ovig.]).—Barbuda (Sta. 92-56: 11 spec. [4 ovig.];

Sta. 98-59: 4 spec. [2 ovig.]; Sta. 102-59: 1 ovig.

? ; Sta. 102a-59: 1 ovig.? ).—Antigua Island (Sta.

73-56: 3 spec; Sta. 75-56: 1 ? with larvae; Sta. 82-

56: 1 ovig.? ; Sta. 94-56: 3 spec. [2 ovig., other

with abdominal bopyrid]; Sta. ?—59: 4 spec. [1

ovig.]).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 69-56: 14 spec. [4

ovig.]; Sta. 70-56: 7 spec. [3 ovig.]).—Dominica

(Sta. 55-56: 2 spec; Sta. 62-56: 5 spec; Sta. 75-

59: 8 spec. [2 ovig.]).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 56-

59): 1 spec; Sta. 65-59: 4 spec. [1 ovig.]).—Mustique (Sta. 34-56: 1 spec.) .—Tobago Cays (Sta. 22-

56: 1 spec; Sta. 23-56: 1 ovig.?).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 15-56: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 16-56: 18 spec.

[7 ovig., 1 with abdominal bopyrid]).—Tobago (Sta.

8-59: 27 spec. [10 ovig.]; Sta. 15-59: 7 spec. [4

ovig.]; Sta. 26-59: 13 spec. [4 ovig.]; Sta. 31-59: 6

spec).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 51-60: 8 spec [3

ovig.].—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 34 spec

[7 ovig.]; Sta. 53-60: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta. 60-60:

10 spec. [3 ovig., larger specimens approaching S.

hemphilli]; Sta. 67-60: 32 spec. [8 ovig.]; Sta. 72-

60: 4 spec [2 ovig.]; Sta. 83-60: 1 ovig.?; Sta.

85-60: 2 spec).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta.

41-60: 28 spec. [9 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Except for a few lots taken from

sponges, eroded dead coral, and weed-covered rocks,

ships and timbers, there are few specific ecological

data for this species. It seems, however, to have been

collected rather commonly on grass flats studded with

living and dead Porites and Pocillopora, as well as

among the roots of mangroves.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Marco, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and the Bermudas to Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil; St. Helena Island, South Atlantic; Baja California; to a

depth of 50 meters. The Greenland record for this

species in the posthumous paper of Stephensen

(1950) is almost certainly erroneous.

*158. Synalpheus goodei Coutiere

Synalpheus goodei Couture, 1909:58, fig. 33.

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 62-56: 1 ovig.?).—

Tobago (Sta. 15-59: 1 ovig.?).

HABITAT.—One of the specimens came from coralencrusted rocks at a depth of about 2 meters, the

other from a reef area that dried at extra low tide.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and the Gulf of Mexico

to Curagao and Panama; to a depth of more than 60

meters.

*159. Synalpheus hemphilli Coutiere

Synalpheus Hemphilli oxyceros Coutiere, 1908b: 711.

Synalpheus hemphilli Coutiere 1909:38, fig. 20.

MATERIAL.—Dominica (Sta. 61-56: 1 spec).

HABITAT.—The single specimen was dredged in

11-27 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off the west coast of Florida at

27°O4'N, 83°2rW; in 48 meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and the eastern Gulf

of Mexico to Curagao and Islas Los Roques; to a

depth of 51 meters.

160. Synalpheus herricki Coutiere

Synalpheus herricki Coutiere, 1909:74, fig. 44.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Off Anclote, Florida," presumably Anclote Key off Tarpon Springs.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Gulf of Mexico; to a

depth of 38 meters. In the general Smithsonian collections, there is one lot of this species bearing the

label "Anclote, Eleuthera, Bahamas"; Coutiere, who

identified the specimens, apparently was sufficiently

suspicious of the documentation to omit mention of

the lot in his 1909 report. The specimen from Barbados questionably assigned to S. herricki by Schmitt

(1924c:81) is in poor condition, having dried out

at some time, but it is probably not this species; it

bears some resemblance to S. brevifrons in the form

of the front and the armature of the telson.

161. Synalpheus latastei tenuispina Coutiere

Synalpheus latastei tenuispina Coutiere, 1909:26, fig. 8.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Florianopolis, Estado de Santa

Catarina, Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—The Atlantic form of this species

is apparently known only from the type-locality. The

typical form occurs in Peru and Chile.

*162. Synalpheus longicarpus (Herrick)

Alpheus saulcyi var. longicarpus Herrick, 1891 [part]:383,

pi. 21: figs. 5-7, pi. 22: figs. 3, 11, 17, pi. 24: figs. 2,

4-9.
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Synalpheus longicarpus.—Coutiere 1909:53, fig. 31.—Williams 1965b: 73, fig. 59.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 2 spec.)-

—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 41-56: 1 spec).—Mustique (Sta. 35-56: 194 spec. [75 ovig., 3 with branchial bopyrids, 6 with abdominal bopyrids]).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 22-56: 37 spec. [12 ovig., 3 with

abdominal bopyrids]; Sta. 23-56: 8 spec, [1 ovig.];

Sta. 24-56: 253 spec. [96 ovig., 4 with abdominal

bopyrids]) .—Tobago (Sta. 30-59: 9 spec. [4

ovig.]).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 10

spec).

HABITAT.—The two largest lots were taken from

loggerhead sponges. Most of the other specimens

were found in and under coral and coral rock.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bahamas [probably Nassau, New

Providence].

FIGURE 33.—Synalpheus mcclendoni Coutiere, male, carapace length 5.0 mm, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 30-59: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, abdomen;

d, telson and uropods; e, right mandible; /, right first maxilla; g, right second maxilla; h, right

first maxilliped; i, right second maxilliped; ;, right third maxilliped. (Magnifications: a-d, j ,

X15.5; e-i, X32.)
NUMBER 9 8 95

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Bermudas to

Curasao and Islas Los Roques, westward to the Yucatan Peninsula; to a depth of 50 meters.

REMARKS.—Males and females, including those

with eggs, were infested with both branchial and abdominal bopyrids.

*163. Synalpheus mcclendoni Coutiere

FIGURES 33, 34

Synalpheus mcclendoni Coutiere, 1910:487, fig. 3.

MATERIAL.—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 65-59: 1 ? ).

—Tobago Cays (Sta. 24-56: Id ?) .—Tobago (Sta.

30-59: 6 c?).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 72-60:

l d \ 1 cheliped).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-

60: Id, lovig.?).

HABITAT.—At least seven of the twelve specimens

of this species were found in sponges and two were

probably taken from much eroded coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Dry Tortugas to Barbados and

the Yucatan Peninsula; sublittoral.

*164. Synalpheus minus (Say)

FIGURES 35, 36

Alpheus minus Say, 1818:245.

lAlpheus saulcyi, var. brevicarpus Herrick, 1891:384, pi. 4:

figs. 1-3, pi. 21: figs. 1-4, 8, 9, pi. 22: figs. 1, 2, 4-10,

12-16, pi. 23: figs. 1-8, pi. 24: figs. 1, 3.

Synalpheus minus.—Coutiere 1909:43, fig. 25.

^Synalpheus brevicarpus.—Coutiere 1909:50,. fig. 29.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 4 spec. [2

ovig.]).—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 8 spec. [4

ovig.]) .—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 8 spec. [2

ovig.]; Sta. 112—56: 3 spec. [1 ovig., 1 with branchial

bopyrid]; Sta. 10-58: 6 spec.—Anguilla (Sta. 55-

58: 1 ovig. $) .—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: 2 spec; Sta.

113a-58: 1 spec; Sta. 98-59: 3 spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta.

102-59: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]).—Saint Christopher (Sta.

103-56: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 5

spec. [4 ovig.]; Sta. 75-56: 1 spec; Sta. 104-59: 1

spec; Sta. ?-59: 1 spec).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 69—56:

7 spec. [2 ovig.]; Sta. 70-56: 3 spec. [1 ovig.]).—

Dominica (Sta. 75-59: 2 spec).—Saint Lucia Island

(Sta. 47-56: 1 spec.) .—Tobago Cays (Sta. 22-56:

11 spec. [5 ovig.]; Sta. 23-56: 4 spec. [1 ovig.]).—

Carriacou Island (Sta. 16-56: 9 spec. [2 ovig.]).—

Tobago (Sta. 4-59: 1 spec; Sta. 8-59: 13 spec. [5

ovig., 1 with branchial bopyrid]; Sta. 15-59: 3 spec;

Sta. 26-59: 4 spec; Sta. 31-59: 19 spec [3 ovig., 1

with branchial bopyrid]).—Isla Mujeres (Sta. 28-

60: 2 spec. [1 with branchial bopyrid]).—Isla de

Cozumel (Sta. 106-60: 4 spec [1 ovig.]; Sta. 109-

60: 3 spec [1 ovig.]).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta.

45-60: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 52-60: 10 spec. [1 ovig.];

Sta. 67-60: 5 spec; Sta. 72-60: 1 spec.).—Bahia del

Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60: 9 spec).

HABITAT.—Apparently S. minus occurs in any

habitat that provides a suitable hiding place, such as

sponges, eroded dead coral and coral rock, abandoned gastropod shells, and beneath stones and

Porites and Pocillopora on grass flats.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Coasts of the southern states,

and of East Florida."

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and the Bermudas to Estado de Alagoas, Brazil; to a depth of 68

meters.

REMARKS.—Coutiere, to whom we must remain

deeply indebted for his profound and generally enduring treatment of the American species of Synalpheus, stated (1909:2) that "S. brevicarpus, which

I had formerly considered synonymous with S. minus

(Say), is .. . distinct." There is little doubt that

Coutiere's conclusion was reached principally on the

basis of the great discrepancy in the size of eggs

produced by the two forms. He did, however, enumerate other morphological characters that seemed to

support the recognition of two distinct species. The

telson was described as 1.84 times as long as its posterior width in S. minus, but always more than twice

as long in S. brevicarpus. The basal segment of the

antennal peduncle (basicerite) was supposed to be

distinctly spinous dorsally in S. minus, merely angular

in S. brevicarpus. The blade of the antennal scale

was said to be narrow (7 to 8.5 times as long as wide)

in S. minus, broad (5.5 to 6.4 times as long as wide)

in S. brevicarpus. The distal segment of the antennal

peduncle (carpocerite) was indicated as about 3.7

times as long as wide in S. minus, "sensibly 4 times

as long as wide and more cylindrical" in S. brevicarpus. The carpus of the second pereiopod was supposed to be about 9.5 times as long as wide in S.

minus, about 12 times as long as wide in S. brevicarpus, and the merus of that pereiopod only 0.75

times as long as the carpus in the former species, 0.85

times as long in the latter. The merus of the third

pereiopod was described as about 4 times as long as

wide, or less, in S. minus, and as much as 4.25 times
96

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOCY

FIGURE 34.—Synalpheus mcclendoni Coutiere, male, carapace length 5.0 mm, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 30-59: a, right first pereiopod; b, left first pereiopod; c, same, fingers;

d, right second pereiopod; e, right third pereiopod; f, same, dactyl; g, right fourth pereiopod;

h, same, dactyl; i, right fifth pereiopod; ;', same, dactyl; k, right first pleopod; /, same, endopod;

m, right second pleopod. (Magnifications: a-e, g, i, k, m, X15.5; /, h, j , I, X78.)
NUMBER 9 8 97

as long as wide in S. brevicarpus. Finally, S. minus

was said to be a smaller species, less than 25 mm in

total length, as compared with a maximum length of

at least 38 mm in S. brevicarpus.

Difficulty in separating the two species led me to

investigate these characters rather carefully in the 40

ovigerous females assignable to either species in the

Smithsonian-Bredin collections, with the results

shown in Figure 35. The carapace was measured

from one of the frontal sinuses to the posterior margin. The maximum diameter of the egg was used.

The telson was measured in dorsal view, with the

posterior somites of the abdomen pressed firmly

against a horizontal surface. The antennal peduncle,

antennal scale, and second and third pereiopods were

removed, in order to determine the true dimensions.

The blade of the antennal scale was measured from

the point where the sometimes obscure basal suture

meets the mesial margin to the distal end of the

blade, and the width was recorded at the widest

point of the blade. The length of the distal segment

of the antennal peduncle was taken as the minimum

length in the ventral midline; the width was the

maximum in the same aspect. The dimensions of the

carpus of the second pereiopod are maximum for

both length and width, the latter at the distal article;

the merus was measured along the extensor margin.

The merus of the third pereiopod was also measured

along the extensor margin, and the width is

maximum.

All of the specimens with a carapace length of less

than 6.0 mm have small eggs, measuring 1.0 or less

in major diameter, as shown in Figure 35a, but small

eggs may be associated with large specimens also;

the three largest specimens in the collection, with

carpace lengths of 9.0, 9.1, and 9.2 mm, have eggs

measuring 1.3, 0.6, and 1.9 mm, respectively, which is

the maximum range in egg size observed. There is

little doubt that two distinct egg sizes are produced

by the larger specimens. The smaller eggs have a

major diameter of about 0.6 mm when laid and increase to about 1.0 mm before hatching. The larger

eggs have a major diameter of 1.1 or 1.2 mm when

freshly laid and may reach 1.9 mm before hatching.

The telson ratios of the Smithsonian-Bredin ovigerous females vary from 1.9 to 2.5 (Figure 35b); no

correlation could be discovered between these proportions and the two egg sizes. The three largest specimens, with eggs varying from 0.6 to 1.9 mm, have telsons that are either 2.1 or 2.2 times as long as their

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a b c d e f 9

FIGURE 35.—Scatter diagrams, based on Smithsonian-Bredin ovigerous females, showing the

variability of characters used to distinguish Synalpheus brevicarpus (Herrick) from S. minus

(Say): a, eggs, major diameter in mm; b, telson, ratio of median length to posterior width;

c, blade of antennal scale, length-width ratio; d, distal segment of antennal peduncle (carpocerite), length-width ratio; e, carpus of second pereiopod, length-width ratio; /, second pereiopod, merus-carpus ratio; g, merus of third pereiopod, length-width ratio.
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 36.—Synalpheus minus (Say), basal segment of left antennal peduncle (basicerite) of

ovigerous females, in lateral view (Sta-Smithsonian-Bredin Station, ratio-carapace length/

egg length in mm, e=eyed eggs): a, Sta 31-59, 9.1/0.6; b, Sta 112-56, 7.2/0.7; c, Sta 73-56,

7.1/1.0e; d, Sta 9-58, 6.7/1.0e; e, Sta 106-60, 7.0/1.7e; /, Sta 22-56, 9.2/1.9e; g, Sta 22-56,

8.0/1.5e; h, Sta 98-59, 7.5/1.5e; i, Sta 22-56, 6.9/1.6e; ;, Sta 111-56, 9.0/1.3e; k, Sta 22-56,

6.6/1.le; /, Bimini, Bahamas, 9.8/0.7; m, Marco, Florida, 9.7/0.6; n, Port Royal, Jamaica,

10.2/0.9e; o, Bimini, Bahamas, 13.3/1.2; p, Key West, Florida, 13.2/1.2e. (Magnifications:

a-p, X15.5.)

posterior width; the three specimens with the broadest telsons (length-width ratio of 1.9) have eggs

measuring 0.7, 0.8, and 1.0 mm, whereas the two

specimens with the narrowest telsons (length-width

ratio of 2.5) have eggs measuring 0.2 and 0.8 mm.

In the Smithsonian-Bredin material, the one character that gives any indication of correlation with

egg size is the basal segment of the antennal peduncle (basicerite). The four specimens with the

longest and sharpest dorsal spine on this segment are

the four largest specimens with small eggs (Figures

36a-d). In all other specimens—those with small as

well as large eggs—this spine is shorter and broader.

Examination of material from other sources, however, disclosed some large specimens with small eggs

and short spines (Figures 36m, n), although I was

unable to find any long-spined individuals bearing

large eggs. The most conclusive evidence against the

existence of two sympatric species, characterized by

different egg sizes and disproportionate development

of the dorsal spine on the basal antennal segment, is

furnished by a collection of 50 specimens taken at

Bimini, Bahamas, in 1948 by A. S. Pearse, presumably from a single loggerhead sponge; on the basis of

the form of the basal antennal segment and the size

of the eggs, half of the specimens were identified as S.

minus (Figure 36/) and half as S. brevicarpus (Figure

36o). It seems most unlikely that two such closely related species would be found in the same niche.

The proportions of the blade of the antennal scale

vary widely from 3.5 to 5.8 times as long as broad

(Figure 35c.) There is a suggestion of a bimodal distribution of these proportions, but it will be noticed

that there is no correlation between the proportions
NUMBER 9 8 99

and egg size; the three largest specimens, which show

the greatest discrepancy in egg size, have the blades

of the antennal scales varying only from 4.3 to 4.6

times as long as wide.

The distal segment of the antennal peduncle (carpocerite) also shows considerable variation in lengthwidth ratio (3.0 to 4.6) without any apparent correlation with egg size (Figure 35d). Here again, the

three largest specimens, with very different eggs, have

the distal antennal segment ratio varying only from

3.6 to 3.9.

The carpus of the second pereiopod varies greatly

in length-width proportions (7.1 to 10.3), with some

indication that the appendage becomes more slender

in larger individuals (Figure 35e), but without evidence of correlation with egg size. The two largest

specimens, with eggs measuring 0.6 and 1.9 mm in

major diameter, have the second carpus varying only

from 9.2 to 9.5 times as long as wide, respectively.

The merus of the second pereiopod varies from

0.73 to 0.88 of the carpal length (Figure 35/), again

without correlation with egg size.

The merus of the third pereiopod is usually less

than 4 times as long as wide in small specimens,

but it may be as much as 5.3 times as long in larger

ones (Figure 35 g). Although there is a slight suggestion that the broader merus is associated with

small eggs, the correlation is by no means constant;

in specimens bearing eggs measuring 1.4 and 1.5 mm,

the meral proportions may vary from 3.4 to 5.3.

This analysis seems to demonstrate rather conclusively that the characters that Coutiere believed to be

useful in distinguishing S. minus, which has small

eggs, from S. brevicarpus, with large eggs, are not

very reliable. As noted under S. paraneptunus, a similar discrepancy in egg size may occur in that species.

I am therefore tentatively placing S. brevicarpus in

the synonymy of S. minus, while being fully aware

that further study of living material may reveal characters, such as color pattern, by which it may be possible to reestablish the two species.

*165. Synalpheus obtusifrons, new species

FIGURES 37, 38

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60:

3cf, 2 ovig. $ ).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41 -

60: 3d1, 1 ovig.? [lcf is holotype, USNM 135372]).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 37a, b) broadly

triangular, subrectangular, not nearly reaching distal

margin of first segment of antennular peduncle; no

process extending ventrally from near base of rostrum. Ocular hoods shallowly separated from rostrum

by rounded sinuses, forming bluntly obtuse teeth falling slightly short of level of tip of rostrum. Pterygostomial angle of carapace strongly produced as

acute lobe.

Pleuron of first abdominal somite of male (Figure

37 c) subrectangular or slightly acute posteroventrally, rounded anteroventrally; pleura of second and

third somites broadly rounded, of fourth somite angularly rounded, of fifth somite bluntly acute, of

sixth somite rounded. Adult female with pleura of 4

anterior somites broadly rounded, of fifth somite

bluntly acute, of sixth somite rounded. Telson (Figure 37d) trapezoidal with sinuous lateral margins and

broadly convex posterior margin; dorsal surface

strongly depressed in midline, armed laterally with 2

pairs of strong spines, anterior pair situated near midlength of telson, posterior pair about halfway between anterior pair and posterior margin of telson;

distal margin armed with 2 pairs of spines and 6

pairs of long setae, mesial pair of spines unusually

long and slender, at least four times as long as

lateral pair.

Stylocerite of antennular peduncle terminating in

broad blunt tip distinctly overreaching distal margin

of basal antennular segment. Segments of antennular peduncle rather short and broad, second segment slightly longer than third.

Antennal scale reaching to about midlength of

third segment of antennular peduncle; blade well

developed in both males and females, falling only

slightly short of tip of lateral spine. Basal segment of

peduncle angularly rounded dorsally; lateral spine

short and invisible in dorsal view, reaching about as

far as level of extremities of ocular hoods. Distal segment of peduncle about three and one-half times as

long as broad, overreaching antennular peduncle by

about one-tenth of length.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 37e-j). Mandible

with 6 marginal teeth on incisor process, molar

process somewhat reduced. Palp of first maxilliped

consisting of 2 segments. Third maxilliped overreaching antennal peduncle by about one-third of

distal segment, exopod reaching about to end of

antepenultimate segment.

Major first pereiopod (Figure 38a) overreaching
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 37.—Synalpheus obtusifrons, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 3.0 mm: a,

anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, right

mandible; /, right first maxilla; g, right second maxilla; h, right first maxilliped; i, right second

maxilliped; ;, right third maxilliped. (Magnifications: c, X15.5; a, b, d-j, X31.)

antennal peduncle by entire length of chela. Chela

about two and one-seventh times as long as wide.

Fingers (Figure 386) about two-fifths as long as

palm; movable finger opening and closing in oblique

plane because of torsion of chela. Palm terminating

dorsodistally in stout tooth curving distoventrally.

Carpus very short and broad. Merus unarmed, fully

half as long as palm. Minor first pereiopod (Figure

38<r) overreaching antennal peduncle by nearly half

of chela. Chela slightly more than two and one-half

times as long as broad. Fingers not bidentate; movable finger stout, without fringe of hairs on extensor

margin, with partial carina on flexor side of chela

paralleling carinate opposable margin. Carpus short,
NUMBER 9 8 101

FIGURE 38.—Synalpheus obtusifrons, new species. Paratype, male, carapace length 3.3 mm,

from Srnithsonian-Bredin Station 41-60: a, right first pereiopod; b, same, fingers. Holotype,

male, carapace length 3.0 mm: c, left first pereiopod; d, right second pereiopod; e, right third

pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, right fourth pereiopod; h, same, dactyl; i, right fifth pereiopod;

;', same, dactyl; k, right first pleopod; I, same, endopod; m, right second pleopod. (Magnifications: a, X 15.5; b-e, g, i, k, m, X31; /, h, j , I, X78.)
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

less than one-fourth as long as chela. Second pereiopod (Figure 38rf) overreaching antennal peduncle

by chela and two and one-half distal articles of carpus. Fingers not quite one and one-half times as long

as palm. Carpus fully one and three-fourths times as

long as chela, composed of 5 articles; proximal article not quite as long as combined lengths of distal

4; second, third, and fourth articles subequal, each

about half as long as fifth. Merus slightly shorter

than carpus and about 1.2 times as long as ischium.

Third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods with dactyls of

moderate length, biunguiculate; flexor terminal process slightly divergent from curve of segment, shorter

and basally more slender than extensor process. Third

pereiopod (Figures 38«, /) overreaching antennal

peduncle by dactyl and one-third of propodus; propodus slightly less than three and one-half times as

long as dactyl, flexor margin armed throughout

length with about 5 movable spinules in addition to

distal one; carpus about two-thirds as long as propodus, armed with movable spinule at distal end of

flexor margin; merus unarmed, slightly less than one

and two-fifths times as long as propodus. Fourth

pereiopod (Figures 3Sg, h) reaching slightly beyond

midlength of antennal peduncle; propodus about

three times as long as dactyl, flexor margin armed

throughout length with 4 movable spinules in addition to distal one; carpus two-thirds as long as propodus, with movable spinule at distal end of flexor

margin; merus unarmed; one and one-fourth times as

long as propodus. Fifth pereiopod (Figures 38i, j)

reaching about to midlength of antennal peduncle;

propodus about five times as long as dactyl, flexor

margin armed with indistinct spinule proximal to

midlength in addition to similar distal one and with

5 oblique rows of setae in distal half; carpus unarmed, slightly more than four-fifths as long as propodus; merus unarmed, subequal to propodus in

length.

Appendix interna (Figure 38m) on second to fifth

pleopods in both sexes. Lateral branch of uropod

(Figure 37d) with lateral margin faintly sinuous and

unarmed proximal to deeply and widely separated

pair of prominent fixed spines flanking long but

slender movable spine.

Eggs few and large, more than 1 mm in length.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths, to base of

rostrum, of 1.8 to 3.3 mm (holotype, 3.0 mm) ;

ovigerous females, 3.6 to 3.75 mm.

HABITAT.—In dead coral in less than 10 feet of

water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—West side of reef east of anchorage, Bahia del Espiritu Santo, Territorio de

Quintana Roo, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION.—East coast of Yucatan Peninsula;

sublittoral.

REMARKS.—Synalpheus obtusifrons seems to belong

to the Brevicarpus Group of the genus. As the name

suggests (obtusus, L.,=blunt+frons, L.,=front), it is

apparently distinguished from most other species of

Synalpheus by the very short and broad frontal teeth,

as well as by the form of the stylocerite. The true

identity of S. tridentulatus (Dana 1852) may never

be known with certainty, but Dana's brief description

and rather crude figures seem to relate that species

more closely to S. minus than to the form herein

described. The unusually short and broad frontal

teeth of S. obtusifrons are very similar to those of

S. anceps Banner, 1956, from Saipan, Mariana Islands, but a close relationship with that species is

not substantiated by other characters.

166. Synalpheus osburni Schmitt

Synalpheus osburni Schmitt, 1933:1, fig. 1; 1935:149, fig.

17.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Inside Cayo Maria Langa, near

Bahia de Guayanilla, Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique specimen from the type-locality.

*167. Synalpheus pandionis Coutiere

Synalpheus grampusi Coutiere, 1909:62, fig. 36.

Synalpheus pandionis Coutiere, 1909:67, fig. 39.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 23-58: 1 ovig. 9).—

Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 1 ovig. $).—Virgin

Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 1 spec).

HABITAT.—All three specimens were probably collected on turtle-grass flats studded with clumps of

Porites.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Saint Thomas, 36-42 meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Gulf of Mexico to Barbados and Curacao; to a depth of about 60 meters.

REMARKS.—In contradistinction to Coutiere's description and figures of S. grampusi, the two larger

type-specimens (a male and a female) of that species

from Fish Hawk Station 7123 have narrow but long
NUMBER 98 103

and distinct blades on the antennal scales. The specimens in the other three lots assigned to S. grampusi

by Coutiere agree with his description in lacking any

trace of a blade. Inasmuch as the only important

difference between S. grampusi and S. pandionis is

the presence or absence of a blade on the antennal

scale, a new name might have to be assigned to the

species described as S. grampusi if the two forms are

considered specifically distinct. Examination of the

material identified as either species in the national

collections has convinced me, however, that they are

not distinct. One of the syntypes of S. pandionis has

the blade reaching barely to midlength of the lateral

spine, and a specimen from the Dry Tortugas has

the blade reduced to a vestige. It seems apparent,

therefore, that the development of a blade on the

antennal scale in this species is variable and not a

reliable taxonomic character. I have selected S. pandionis as the valid name of the species as the choice

least likely to cause nomenclatural confusion, even

though that name does not have position precedence

in Coutiere's publication. The species is apparently

related to, but distinct from, S. parfaiti Coutiere,

1898c, from the eastern tropical Atlantic.

*168. Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere

Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909:86, fig. 52.

MATERIAL.—Guadeloupe (Sta. 7 0-56: 1 ovig.

$ ).—Dominica (Sta. 55-56: 1 spec; Sta. 61-56: 4

spec. [1 ovig.]; Sta. 62-56: 139 spec. [1 ovig.]).—

Carriacou Island (Sta. 16-56: 2 ovig. $).—Bahia

de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 1 spec; Sta. 72-60: 11

spec. [1 ovig.]).—Bahia del Epiritu Santo (Sta. 41 -

60: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Practically all of the specimens in the

collections were associated with coral, much of it

dead and eroded, from shallow flats to depths of

11-27 meters. The numerous specimens from Prince

Rupert Bay, Dominica (Sta. 62-56) were taken from

coral-encrusted rocks in 5 feet of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Golfo de Morrosquillo, Colombia, 9°30'15"N, 76°20'30"W; in 77 meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Dry Tortugas, Florida, and the

Yucatan Peninsula to the Grenadines and Colombia;

to a depth of 77 meters.

REMARKS.—Coutiere's statement (1909:87) that

"The eggs give rise to zoeae" would indicate that S.

paraneptunus produces only small eggs, but this

supposition is not confirmed by the material examined. Apparently the only ovigerous female available

to Coutiere was one of the two specimens from Jamaica, in which the eggs are only slightly developed

and have a major diameter of about 0.8 mm. The

only Smithsonian-Bredin specimens having eggs this

small are the two from Carriacou Island (Sta. 16-

56); the eggs of these specimens have not started

to develop and they measure 0.7 and 0.9 mm in

maximum diameter. All five other ovigerous females

bear eggs measuring from 1.0 to 1.4 mm. The smallest

of these were apparently freshly laid and carried by

the specimen from Sta. 61-56, but one of the specimens from Sta. 41-60 bears a single egg that was

obviously nearly ready to hatch and yet measures

only 1.1 mm. The eggs of the ovigerous female from

Sta. 72-60, on the other hand, show little indication

of development and measure 1.2 mm. The largest

eggs, well developed and measuring 1.4 mm, are

borne by the specimen from Sta. 70-56. This evidence seems to suggest that S. paraneptunus, like S.

minus, may produce eggs of two sizes.

*169. Synalpheus pectiniger Coutiere

Synalpheus pectiniger Coutiire, 1907:611; 1909:78, figs.

48, 49.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111—56: 2 spec.

[1 with hatching eggs]).—Mustique (Sta. 35-56:

16 spec. [7 ovig., 1 with branchial bopyrid]).—Isla

Mujeres (Sta. 28-60: 6 spec. [1 ovig.]).—Isla de

Cozumel (Sta. 48-60: 37 spec. [9 ovig.]; Sta. 51-60:

1 spec).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 77-60: 13

spec. [4 ovig., 1 with abdominal bopyrid]).

HABITAT.—The 16 specimens from Mustique (Sta.

35-56) were found in a loggerhead sponge. Most of

the remaining specimens were collected on turtlegrass flats or among mangrove roots, but the exact

habitat of the largest group, from Isla de Cozumel

(Sta. 48-60) is unknown.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Curasao.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys,

and Bahamas to Curagao; to a depth of 48 meters.

*170. Synalpheus rathbunae Coutiere

Synalpheus rathbunae Couttere, 1909:84, fig. 51.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 40 spec.

[3 ovig.]).—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: 250 spec. [10
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ovig.]; Sta. 92-59: 442 spec. [40 ovig.]).—Saba

Bank (Sta. 106-56: 1 spec).—Carriacou Island

(Sta. 16-56: 1 spec.).—Isla Mujeres (Sta. 29a-60:

1 spec).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 67-60: 9

spec; Sta. 72-60: 13 spec).

HABITAT.—The data for the stations at which this

species was obtained seem to present no consistent

habitat pattern. Many of the specimens undoubtedly

were found by cracking coral, and some probably

occurred in weeds along shore and on reef margins

as well as on turtle-grass flats with Pocillopora.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Saint Thomas; in 37—55

meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas to the Grenadines, westward to the Yucatan Peninsula; to a depth of about

50 meters.

REMARKS.—Curiously enough, all of the large

female specimens taken at Barbuda in 1956 (Sta.

85-56) have two minor first chelipeds, as if the

major cheliped had been lost and regenerated to

duplicate the opposite member of the pair. Of the

442 specimens taken at Barbuda in 1959 (Sta. 92-

59), two apparently adult males have 5 joints in

the carpus of the second pereiopod, and one adult

female has only 3 joints. Most of the ovigerous females in this lot have few, small, possibly infertile

eggs.

171. Synalpheus sanctithomae Coutiere

Synalpheus sanctithomae Coutiere, 1909:61, fig. 35.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Saint Thomas; in 37-42

meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the three specimens from off Saint Thomas recorded by Coutiere.

172. Synalpheus tanneri Coutiere

Synalpheus tanneri Coutiere, 1909:78, fig. 47.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico south of Cape

San Bias, Florida, 29°15'30"N, 85°29'30"W; in 49

meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the unique

ovigerous female from the type-locality.

*173. Synalpheus townsendi Coutiere

Synalpheus townsendi Coutiere, 1909:32, fig. 14.—Williams

1965b: 72, fig. 58.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 7 spec. [2

ovig.]; Sta. 5-58: 2 spec. [1 ovig.]: Sta. 23-58: 2

spec. [1 ovig.]).—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 2 ovig.

0 ).—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 4 spec. [3 ovig.];

Sta. 112-56: 1 spec).—Barbuda (Sta. 102a-59: 1

spec.).—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 1 spec.).—

Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 3 spec; Sta. 81-56:

1 spec).—Dominica (Sta. 75-59: 1 spec).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 16-56: 26 spec. [11 ovig., 1 with

branchial bopyrid]; Sta. 17-56: 1 ovig. $).—Tobago (Sta. 8-59: 27 spec. [8 ovig.]; Sta. 15-59: 2

spec; Sta. 26-59: 5 spec; Sta. 31-59: 4 spec.).—Isla

de Cozumel (Sta. 48-60: 2 spec; Sta. 51-60: 1

spec.) .—Bahia de la Ascensi6n (Sta. 52-60: 28 spec.

[8 ovig.]; Sta. 67-60: 19 spec. [3 ovig.]; Sta. 72-60:

6 spec [2 ovig.]; Sta. 77-60: 2 spec. [1 ovig.];

Sta. 82-60: 1 spec with branchial bopyrid; Sta. 91-

60: 1 spec.).—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60:

18 spec. [8 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Specimens of this species were taken

in various habitats, especially on turtle-grass flats

with clumps of Porites and Pocillopora as well as in

algae, but the largest lots were apparently cracked

from eroded dead coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico south of Cape

San Bias, Florida, 29°14WN, 85°29/15//W; in 46

meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and Bermudas to

Estado da Bahia, Brazil; to a depth of 102 meters.

Two closely related forms, possibly subspecies, occur

in the Gulf of California.

*Genus Thunor Armstrong, 1949

Only one Atlantic species is known.

*174. Thunor rathbunae (Schmitt)

FIGURE 39

Crangon rathbunae Schmitt, 1924c: 74, pi. 1.

Thunor rathbunae.—Armstrong 1949:13, figs. 3, 4A-J, L.

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 19).—

Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 ovig.? ).—Saint Lucia

Island (Sta. 65-59: lytf, ly 9).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 67-60: 2o", 1 9 ).—Bahia del Espiritu

Santo (Sta. 41-60: 8d\ 129 [10 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Most of these specimens were apparently living in cavities in dead coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Needhams Point, Barbados.
NUMBER 9 8 105

FIGURE 39.—Thunor rathbunae (Schmitt). Male, carapace

length in midline 4.1 mm, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station

41-60: a, telson and uropods; b, right second pleopod; c,

same, appendix masculina. Ovigerous female, carapace length

4.2 mm, from same station: d, telson and uropods. (Magnifications: a, d, X15.5; b, X32; c, X78.)

DISTRIBUTION.—Key West, Florida, and Yucatan

Peninsula to Barbados.

REMARKS.—As indicated in the accompanying figures, this species displays greater sexual dimorphism

in the uropods than does any other alpheid with

which I am familiar. In the male (Figure 39a), both

branches are very broad; the lateral branch is armed

with a stout movable spine, and the blade far overreaches the distolateral angle. In the female (Figure

39<f), both branches are much narrower; the lateral

branch is armed with a slender movable spine, and

the distolateral angle far overreaches the subtruncate

distal margin of the blade.

In the national collections there are two large

specimens of Thunor, a male and an ovigerous female, collected on Florida Reef, Key West, Florida,

by E. Lowe Pierce, 27 July 1957, that differ from all

other specimens examined in having a small but

distinct rostral point in the frontal sinus and in having the major first chelae longer than usual. Inasmuch as T. rathbunae has been shown by Armstrong

(1949) to be unusually variable, at least in the armature of the telson, it seems best for the time being to

consider these Key West specimens as representing

only aberrant varieties of that species.

Banner and Banner (1966a: 175) have advanced

very convincing arguments for relegating Thunor to

the synonymy of Alpheus. There is little doubt that

the two genera, as now defined, cannot remain separate. My only reasons for retaining Thunor, in spite

of this evidence, are the fact that T. rathbunae is

very different from the Atlantic species of Alpheus

and the belief that Thunor may have to be recognized if and when the unwieldly genus Alpheus is

eventually subdivided.

Family OGYRIDIDAE

Only one genus is assigned to this family.

Genus Ogyrides Stebbing, 1914

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Single movable spine in dorsal midline of carapace posterior to rostrum

175. O. alphaerostris

Median postrostral crest armed with 7-14 fixed teeth 2

2.(1) Eyes reaching about as far as distal end of antennular peduncle 177. O. occidentalis

Eyes overreaching antennular peduncle by at least twice length of cornea 3

3.(2) Eyes overreaching antennular peduncle by about two and one-half times length of cornea;

antennal peduncle not overreaching antennular peduncle 176. O. Umicola

Eyes overreaching antennular peduncle by nearly three times length of cornea; antennal

peduncle overreaching antennular peduncle 178. O. yaquiensis
106

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

175. Ogyrides alphaerostris (Kingsley)

Ogyris alphaerostris Kingsley, 1880:420, pi. 14: fig. 7.

Ogyrides alphaerostris.—-Williams 1955:56, 57; 1965b: 75,

fig. 61.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Eastern shore of Northampton

County, Virginia.

DISTRIBUTION.—Virginia to Georgia and northwestern Florida to Mississippi, Puerto Rico; sublittoral.

176. Ogyrides limicola Williams

Ogyrides limicola Williams, 1955:57, fig. 1; 1965b: 74, fig.

60.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Mouth of Far Creek at Engelhard, Hyde County, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—Virginia to Louisiana; sublittoral.

REMARKS.—This species may be identical with

O. yaquiensis.

177. Ogyrides occidentaUs (Ortmann)

Ogyris occidentaUs Ortmann, 1893:46, pi. 3: figs. 4-4n.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Mouth of Rio Tocantins, Estado

do Para, Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—Apparently known only from the

type-locality.

178. Ogyrides yaquiensis Armstrong

Ogyrides yaquiensis Armstrong, 1949:3, fig. 1.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Near mouth of Rio Yaqui del

Sur, Dominican Republic.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southern Florida and Dominican

Republic.

REMARKS.—There is a possibility that O. yaquiensis will eventually prove to be not only a senior synonym of O. limicola but also a junior synonym of

O. occidentaUs.

•Family HIPPOLYTIDAE

Key to West Indian Genera

1. Carpus of second pereiopod subdivided into more than 7 articles, multiarticulate 2

Carpus of second pereiopod subdivided into no more than 7 articles 5

2.(1) Dactyls of third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods appearing biunguiculate because of series

of prominent spines on flexor margin 3

Dactyls of third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods simple, spines on flexor margin inconspicuous 4

3.(2) Mandible with 3-jointed palp *Barbouria

Mandible without palp *Lysmata

4.(2) Rostrum longer than carapace, with dorsal crest near base; posterior tip of telson acuminate, overreaching lateral spines; third maxilliped with exopod; 4 anterior pereiopods

with epipods Exhippolysmata

Rostrum short, reaching little beyond eye, without dorsal crest near base; posterior

margin of telson truncate; third maxilliped without exopod; pereiopods without epipods Merguia

5.(1) Third segment of antennular peduncle bearing subtriangular movable plate overhanging

base of flagellum dorsally; carpus of second pereiopod composed of 6 or 7 articles

•Thor

Antennular peduncle without movable plate overhanging base of flagellum; carpus of

second pereiopod composed of 2 or 3 articles 6

6.(5) Rostrum with deep ventral blade projecting posteroventrally at posterior end between

bases of antennules 7

Ventral lobe of rostrum, if present, not projecting posteroventrally near base 8

7.(6) Lateral surface of carapace smooth, not spinose; mandible without palp; carpus of

second pereiopod composed of 3 articles *Latreutes

Lateral surface of carapace bearing numerous appressed spines; mandible with 2-jointed

palp; carpus of second pereiopod composed of 2 articles Trachycaris

8.(6) Supra-orbital tooth present; third maxilliped with exopod *Hippolyte

Supra-orbital tooth absent; third maxilliped without exopod *Tozeuma
NUMBER 9 8 107

*Genus Barbouria Rathbun, 1912

Key to Species

Carapace and rostrum nearly straight dorsally; 1 or 2 dorsal teeth on carapace posterior to

base of rostrum; eyes large, cornea much broader than stalk; 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods

with carpus and propodus multiarticulate *179. B. antiguensis

Carapace and rostrum noticeably arched dorsally; 3 dorsal teeth on carapace posterior to base

of rostrum; eyes reduced, cornea narrower than stalk; 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods with

carpus and propodus undivided 180. B. cubensis

*179. Barbouria antiguensis, new species

FIGURES 40, 41

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 83-56: 3cf, 4

ovig.$ [Id1 is holotype, USNM 135375]).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 406) nearly horizontal, reaching about to end of basal segment of

antennular peduncle; dorsal margin armed with 4

prominent teeth, 1 or 2 situated on carapace posterior

to level of orbital margin; ventral margin armed with

single small but distinct tooth near tip. Dorsal carina

on rostrum extending to near midlength of carapace.

Postocular tooth (Figure 40a) prominent and buttressed, arising on carapace but reaching slightly beyond orbital margin dorsal to acutely but bluntly

triangular ventral angle. Branchiostegal tooth similar

to postocular, barely reaching anterior margin of

carapace.

Pleura of first 4 abdominal somites rounded (Figure 40c), that of fifth sharply acute; posteroventral

submarginal carina of sixth somite (Figure 40a1)

armed with small tooth. Sixth somite twice as long as

fifth and barely longer than telson, not including

terminal spines; median posteroventral projection

between bases of uropods narrowly triangular, articulated at base and closely appressed to underlying

tissue, not free. Dorsal spines of telson (Figure 40e)

small, both pairs situated in posterior half of telson;

distal margin (Figure 40/) tapering to sharp median

point, armed with 3 pairs of spines, lateral pair similar to dorsal spines and situated above bases of large

intermediate pair, mesial pair about half as long as

intermediate.

Eyes short and stout, cornea greatly enlarged.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 40g) with stylocerite

lying in nearly vertical plane and tapering rather

abruptly to acute tip reaching distal third of basal

segment; distal margin of basal segment armed with

dorsomesial spine.

Antennal scale (Figure 40/i) overreaching antennular peduncle by about two-fifths of length, fully

four times as long as broad; lateral margin nearly

straight, distal tooth not noticeably overreaching narrowly rounded distal margin of blade. Antennal peduncle short, barely reaching beyond basal fifth of

scale; basal segment with sharp marginal tooth ventral to base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 40t-o). Mandible

with slender 3-segmented palp, distal segment nearly

as long as combined lengths of 2 proximal segments;

distal margin of molar process of right mandible

armed with 6 teeth. Third maxilliped slightly overreaching antennal scale, exopod reaching beyond

midlength of antepenultimate segment.

Four anterior pereiopods with well-developed epipods but no trace of arthrobranchs. First pereiopod

(Figure 41a) reaching distal fifth of antennal scale;

fingers about as long as palm; carpus slender, distinctly longer than chela and subequal to menus in

length. Second pereiopod (Figure 41 b) overreaching

antennal scale by length of chela and half of carpus;

carpus more than twice as long as merus, subdivided

into 26-31 articles; merus shorter than ischium, subdivided into 11-14 articles. Third pereiopod (Figure

41c) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus,

and two-thirds of carpus; dactyl (Figure 41a") armed

distally with long, slender tooth continuous with extensor margin and shorter, stouter tooth on flexor side,

with 2 slender spines on flexor margin; propodus nine

times as long as dactyl, divided into 11-13 articles;

carpus nearly one-fifth again as long as propodus,

divided into 5-7 articles; merus armed with 9-12

sharp spines, one and one-third times as long as

carpus and three and one-third times as long as

ischium. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 41«) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and half of

carpus; dactyl (Figure 41/) like that of third pereiopod; propodus eleven times as long as dactyl, di-
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 40.—Barb our ia antiguensis, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 6.25 mm: a,

anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, posteroventral angle of sixth abdominal somite;

e, telson and uropods; /, end of telson; g, right antennule; h, right antenna, i, right mandible,

anterior aspect; ;, left mandible, posterior aspect; k, right first maxilla; /, right second maxilla;

m, right first maxilliped; n, right second maxilliped; o, right third maxilliped. (Magnifications:

c, X3.7; a, b, e,g, h, o, X7.5; d, k-n, X15.5; /, i, j , X31.)

vided into 12-16 articles; carpus slightly shorter than

propodus, divided into 6-8 articles; merus armed

with 4-7 spines, distinctly longer than carpus and

nearly two and one-third times as long as ischium.

Fifth pereiopod (Figure 41 A:) longest, overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and three-fifths

of carpus; dactyl (Figure 4H) like those of 2 preceding pereiopods; propodus about thirteen times as long

as dactyl, divided into 15-21 articles; carpus little

more than four-fifths as long as propodus, divided into

6-10 articles; merus armed with 4 or 5 spines, slightly

longer than carpus and more than two and onefourth times as long as ischium.

Endopod of first pleopod of male (Figures 41g, h)

more than half as long as exopod, slender and setose,

with cluster of coupling hooks at distal end. Appendix masculina (Figure 41;) on endopod of second

pleopod (Figure 41*) longer than appendix interna,
NUMBER 9 8 109

FIGURE 41.—Barbouria antiguensis, new species. Holotype, male, carapace length 6.25 nun:

a, right first pereiopod; b, right second pereiopod; c, right third pereiopod; d, same, dactyl;

e, left fourth pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, right first pleopod; h, same, endopod; i, right second

pleopod; ;, same, appendix masculina and appendix interna. Para type, male, carapace length

6.0 mm: k, right fifth pereiopod; /, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: a-c, e, g, i, k, X7.5; d, f, h,

h I, X31.)

armed with 4 clusters of long spines on mesial margin and about 8 distal spines. Lateral branch of

uropod (Figure 40«) with small movable spine at

distal end of lateral margin.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 4.6-6.25

mm (holotype is largest); ovigerous females, 6.6-

7.5 mm.

HABITAT.—These shrimps were not uncommon at

night a few feet below the surface of the water on

the alga-covered seawall enclosing the dockyard at

English Harbour.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Harbour, Antigua Island.

DISTRIBUTION.—Thus far known only from the

type-series from Antigua Island.

REMARKS.—The discovery of this fairly large

and apparently common new shrimp was unexpected,

especially in view of the fact that the members of the
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Barbados-Antigua Expedition from the University of

Iowa, under the direction of C. C. Nutting, lived for

a month in 1918 in the dockyard at English Harbour,

bounded on three sides by the seawall where we

found the species in 1956. Is it possible that this

shrimp is of seasonal or periodic occurrence or that

it has recently invaded the area from elsewhere?

The opinion expressed by Holthuis (1947:33;

1963b: 272-277) that the genus Barbouria is closely

related to Ligur from the Mediterranean and IndoPacific regions is strengthened by the finding of this

species. Barbouria antiguensis agrees with B. cubensis in showing no traces of arthrobranchs on the

pereiopods, but it differs from that species in having

the carpus and propodus of the 3 posterior pairs of

pereiopods multiarticulate and in having a terminal

cluster of coupling hooks on the endopod of the first

pleopod of the male. The Indo-Pacific Ligur uveae

(Borradaile, 1899), on the other hand, has prominent arthrobranchs but agrees with B. antiguensis in

most other respects, including the multiarticulate

posterior pereiopods and coupling hooks on the endopod of the first pleopod. This bears out Holthuis's

inference that the presence or absence of arthrobranchs may be less fundamental in this group than

it seems to be in most caridean families. It is possible

that Barbouria eventually will be relegated to the synonymy of Ligur or perhaps that Barbouria will revert to its previous monotypic status and that B.

antiguensis will be transferred to Ligur.

180. Barbouria cubensis (Von Martens)

Hippolyte Cubensis Von Martens, 1872:136, pi. 5: fig. 14.

Barbouria cubensis.—Chace and Hobbs 1969:116, figs. 28/,

29.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from Cuba, in marine

or brackish pools near the coast.

Genus Exhippolysmata Stebbing, 1915

Kemp (1916:401) relegated this genus to the synonymy of Hippolysmata [Lysmata] because the two

species assigned to it by Stebbing (1915) differed in

characters that Kemp considered "to be altogether

unsuitable for generic definition and . . . clearly of

far less morphological value than those hitherto employed in the generic subdivision of the family." There

was some justification for Kemp's action at the time,

but now that four species are known to differ consistently from the approximately 22 species of Lysmata, it seems to me that Exhippolysmata should

be returned to full generic status. All four species

differ from those of Lysmata in having the rostrum

longer than the carapace, with a basal crest of

close-set teeth, and in having the telson tapering to

a slender, sharp point that, in the adult, far overreaches the vestigial lateral spines, rather than terminating in a rounded posterior margin, with a short

median point that is overreached by the well-developed lateral spines. They also differ from all of the

species of Lysmata, except L. dentata (Kemp, 1914)

[not L. dentata (De Haan, 1841)], in having the

dactyls of the 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods elongate

and slender and armed only with a few inconspicuous

spines in the basal part of the flexor margin, rather

than short and stout and armed throughout the flexor

margin with conspicuous spines that increase in size

distally and give a biunguiculate appearance to the

dactyl.

Only one species is known from the western Atlantic.

181. Exhippolysmata oplophoroides (Holthuis)

Hippolysmata (Exhippolysmata) oplophoroides Holthuis,

1948:1106, figs. 2, 3; 1959:112, fig. 17.—Williams

1965b: 85, fig. 69.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Mouth of the Suriname River

near De Resolutie, Surinam.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Estado de Sao

Paulo, Brazil, except West Indies; in 7-27 meters.

*Genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814

Key to Western North Atlantic Species

Lateral spine on carapace branchiostegal, overreaching anterior margin; tergum of fifth

abdominal somite armed with pair of strong posterior spines; telson with both pairs

of dorsolateral spines situated in posterior third of segment; antennal scale with

blade and distolateral spine about equally advanced; dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of

pereiopods terminating in 2 strong distal spines. (Rostrum usually with single incon-
NUMBER 9 8 111

Key to Western North Atlantic Species—Continued

spicuous tooth on dorsal and ventral margins; basal segment of antennular peduncle

armed with prominent distolateral spine.) 182. P. coerulescens

Lateral spine on carapace hepatic, not nearly reaching anterior margin in adults; tergum

of fifth abdominal somite unarmed; telson with anterior pair of dorsolateral spines

situated near midlength of segment; antennal scale with blade reaching far beyond

distolateral spine; dactyls of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods terminating in either 1 or

3 strong distal spines 2

2.(1) Rostrum usually unarmed dorsally (rarely with 1 or 2 prominent dorsal teeth); dactyls

of 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods terminating in single distal spine. (Basal segment of

antennular peduncle unarmed distally.) *184. H. nicholsoni

Rostrum usually armed with 2-4 strong teeth on dorsal margin; dactyls of 3 posterior

pairs of pereiopods terminating in 3 strong distal spines 3

3.(2) Rostrum usually armed with 3 or 4 strong teeth on dorsal margin and with strong

lateral carina in proximal third of length; basal segment of antennular peduncle

armed with 1-3 strong distolateral spines *183. H. curacaoensis

Rostrum usually armed with 2 (rarely 1 or 3) strong teeth in proximal half of dorsal

margin and without distinct lateral carina; basal segment of antennular peduncle

unarmed distally 4

4.(3) Rostrum not overreaching antennular peduncle in adult females, barely overreaching

basal antennular segment in males 185. H. pleuracanthus

Rostrum distinctly overreaching antennular peduncle in adult females, extending nearly

as far as distal margin of second antennular segment in males .... *186. H. zostericola

182. Hippolyte coerulescens (Fabricius)

FIGURES 42, 43

Astacus coerulescens Fabricius, 1775:414.

Hippolyte acuminata.—Gurney 1936:27, 31, pi. 2: figs. 28-

31, pi. 3: figs. 32, 33, pi. 4: figs. 48, 49, pi. 5.

Hippolyte coerulescens.—Holthuis 1947:15, 53.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Pelago inter Tropicos."

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread in the tropical and

subtropical parts of the open Atlantic Ocean, usually

associated with floating Sargassum.

REMARKS.—This species differs so markedly from

most other species of Hippolyte in the form of the

fifth abdominal somite, in the telson and uropods,

and in the antennal scale that the genus Virbius

eventually may have to be reestablished for it, but

this action should not be taken until Hippolyte is

reviewed on a worldwide scale.

*183. Hippolyte curacaoensis Schmitt

FIGURES 44, 45

Hippolyte curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924a: 68, fig. 4.

Hippolyte zostericola.—Williams 1965b: 82, fig. 66. [Not

Virbius zostericola Smith, 1873.]

MATERIAL.—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 1 $ ).

—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 2? [1 ovig.]; Sta.

75-56: 1? ; Sta. 109-59: 2 ovig. $ ) .—Guadeloupe

(Sta. 68-56: 1 ovig.?).—Carriacou Island (Sta.

17-56: ld \ 1 ovig. $) .—Tobago (Sta. 4-59: 5cf,

15 $ [8 ovig., 1 $ with branchial bopyrid, another

with larval bopyrids but no adults in branchial chamber] ; Sta. 31-59: 1 c?, 13 $ [7 ovig.]).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were collected

on sand and mud flats, probably from turtle-grass,

but there is some indication that the species is not

confined to that habitat. (See "Remarks" under H.

zostericola.)

TYPE-LOCALITY.—West Punt, Curasao.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina and the West Indies from Cuba to Curasao; sublittoral. The relative

abundance of this species at Beaufort, North Carolina,

was unexpected; I have not yet seen any North

American material except from the coast of North

Carolina.

REMARKS.—There seems little doubt that the species with usually 3 dorsal teeth on the rostrum and

1-3 spines on the distal margin of the basal segment

of the antennular peduncle is the one described by

Schmitt from a single mutilated male. Schmitt's figure of that specimen (1924: fig. 4a) shows a distinct

spine on the basal antennular segment, and specimens

from Bonaire subsequently assigned to the same species by Schmitt bear 2 or 3 antennular spines. There

is a possibility, however, that this is not the oldest
112

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 42.—Hippolyte coerulescens (Fabricius), female, from tropical Atlantic Ocean east of

Leeward Islands (USNM 89690), carapace length 2.5 mm: a, anterior region; b, abdomen;

c, telson and uropods; d, posteroventral margin of sixth abdominal somite; e, right antennule;

/, right antenna; g, right first pereiopod; h, right second pereiopod; i, right third pereiopod;

;, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: b, X12.5; a, c-i, X25; ;, X63.)
NUMBER 9 8 113

FIGURE 43.—Hippolyte coerulescens (Fabricius), male, from

tropical Atlantic Ocean east of Leeward Islands (USNM

89690), carapace length 2.0 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, right third pereiopod; d, same, dactyl; e, right second pleopod; /, same, appendix masculina and appendix

interna. (Magnifications: a-c, e, X25; d, f, X63.)

name for the species. Hippolyte exilirostrata and H.

obliquimanus, both described by Dana (1852) almost

certainly from the male and female of a single

species, superficially agree with H. curacaoensis, but

the true identity of the species cannot be determined

until material from Rio de Janeiro is reexamined.

It is quite understandable that Williams (1965b)

should assume that one of the two common species

in the Carolinas was H. zostericola. Examination of

three syntypes of the latter species in the national

collections has revealed, however, that the basal segment of the antennular peduncle is unarmed in that

species.

*184. Hippolyte nicholsoni, new species

FIGURES 46, 47

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 113-59: 1 ovig.

$).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 52-59: 9<f, 4 ? ).—

Tobago (Sta. 42-59: ltf, 5 ? [2 ovig., 1 is holotype,

USNM 135377]).

Following the 1959 Expedition, Desmond V. Nicholson collected two lots of this species at Antigua

Island, one lot at Black's Point, Falmouth, on Pseudopterogorgia americana in 2 meters, 24 May 1959:

15c?, 21? (13 ovig.); and one lot at Hammond's

Dock, Nonsuch Bay, on Pseudopterogorgia acerosa

in 2 feet, 25 May 1959: ltf, 3 ? (1 ovig.).

I have also seen an additional lot collected by

Raymond B. Manning at La Gata Island, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, on an alcyonarian, 25 June 1961:

4cf, 4 ovig. ? .

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 46a, b, x, 47a)

nearly horizontal or inclined slightly ventrad, reaching beyond midlength (rarely to distal fifth) of basal

segment of antennular peduncle in adult males, to

end of antennular peduncle (rarely to level of distolateral tooth of antennal scale) in adult females;

dorsal margin usually unarmed, rarely with 1 or 2

strong sharp teeth in adult females; ventral margin

unarmed or with 1-3 inconspicuous teeth near distal

end in adult females, unarmed in males. Supraorbital teeth prominent and sharp. Antennal spine

(Figure 46c) narrowly separated from, and overreaching, ventral angle of orbit. Hepatic spine strong,

not reaching anterior margin of carapace in adults.

All abdominal pleura broadly rounded (Figure

46d). Sixth somite about one and three-fourths times

as long as fifth and slightly longer than telson, not

including terminal spines; posterior margin armed

ventrally with long, slender mesial spine directed

posteriorly between bases of uropods (Figure 46/).

Dorsal spines of telson (Figures 46e, 476) inconspicuous but not minute, proximal pair situated near

midlength of segment, distal pair much nearer to

extremity of telson than to proximal pair; distal

margin subtruncate, armed with 2 pairs of long, stout

spines and 4 pairs of spinules, 1 lateral to large lateral

spine, 1 between large lateral and mesial spines, and

2 pairs between large mesial spines, mesial pair of

spinules smallest of all.

Eyes with cornea slightly broader than, and subequal in length to, eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 46g) with sharp

stylocerite with subparallel margins proximally,

abruptly tapering distally, reaching distinctly beyond

midlength of basal segment; distal margin of basal
114

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 44.—Hippolyte curacaoensis Schmitt, female, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 17-56,

carapace length 2.0 mm: a, anterior region; b, abdomen; c, telson and uropods; d, posteroventral margin of sixth abdominal somite; e, right antennule; /, right antenna; g, right mandible, anterior aspect; h, left mandible, posterior aspect; i, right first maxilla; j , right second

maxilla; k, right first maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; m, right third maxilliped; n, right

first pereiopod; o, left second pereiopod; p, left third pereiopod; q, same, dactyl; r, right fourth

pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, right fifth pereiopod; u, same, dactyl. (Magnifications: b, X12.5;

a, c-f, i-p, r, t, X25;g, h, q, s, u, X63.)
NUMBER 9 8 115

FIGURE 45.—Hippolyte curacaoensis Schmitt, male, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 17-56,

carapace length 1.6 mm: a, anterior region; b, left first pereiopod; c, left second pereiopod;

d, right third pereiopod; e, same, dactyl; /, right fourth pereiopod; g, same, dactyl; h, right

fifth pereiopod; i, same, dactyl; ;, right second pleopod; k, same, appendix masculina and

appendix interna. (Magnifications: a-d, f, h, j , X25; e, g, i, k, X63.)

segment unarmed; second and third segments subequal in length.

Antennal scale (Figure 46A) overreaching antennular peduncle by about one-fourth of length, about

three times as long as broad; lateral margin nearly

straight, distal tooth falling short of strongly produced distomesial angle of blade. Antennal peduncle

not reaching midlength of scale; basal segment with

strong lateral tooth near base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 46i-o). Mandible

with incisor process armed with 4 teeth and much

narrower than swollen molar process. Second maxilla

with mesial lacinia slightly cleft, scaphognathite

broad, subtruncate distally. Third maxilliped reaching to about midlength of antennal scale, exopod

reaching little beyond midlength of antepenultimate

segment.

First pereiopod (Figures 46/?, 47r) reaching only

as far as proximal end of distal segment of antennal

peduncle; fingers very broad and armed with stout

marginal teeth distally; carpus slightly longer than

broad, slightly more than two-thirds as long as subequal chela and merus. Second pereiopod (Figures

46<7, 47rf) reaching nearly to distal third of antennal

scale; fingers longer than palm, bidentate distally;

carpus about half again as long as chela, second

joint much shorter than subequal first and third

joints; merus slightly shorter than carpus and more

than half again as long as ischium. Third pereiopod

of female (Figure 46V) overreaching antennal scale

by length of dactyl; dactyl (Figure 46$) tapering to

slender, sharp tip, armed with 3 accessory denticles on

flexor margin and 1 on extensor margin; propodus

nearly three times as long as dactyl, about one and

two-thirds times as long as carpus, with subparallel

margins converging in distal fourth and armed with

3 slender blunt spines on distal fourth of flexor margin; merus unarmed, slightly longer than propodus

and two and one-third times as long as ischium.

Third pereiopod of male (Figure 47e) prehensile,

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and one-fourth

of propodus; dactyl (Figure 47/) tapering to slender,
116

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 46.—Hippolyte nicholsoni, new species. Holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length

1.7 mm: a, anterior region, lateral view; b, same, dorsal view; c, orbital region; d, abdomen;

e, telson and uropods; /, posteroventral margin of sixth abdominal somite; g, left antennule; h,

left antenna; i, right mandible, anterior aspect; ;, left mandible, anterior aspect; k, left first

maxilla, proximal endite missing; /, left second maxilla; m, left first maxilliped; n, left second

maxilliped; o, left third maxilliped; p, left first pereiopod; q, left second pereiopod; r, left third

pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, left fourth pereiopod; u, same, dactyl; v, left fifth pereiopod; w,

same, dactyl. Paratype, female, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 42-59, carapace length 1.8

mm: x, rostrum. (Magnifications: d, X12.5; a-c, e-h, k-r, t, v, x, X25; i, j , s, u, w, X63.)

sharp tip, armed with 7 overlapping, scalelike spines

on flexor margin; propodus about two and twothirds times as long as dactyl, slightly less than twice

as long as carpus, broadening distally to distal third

then narrowing, armed with 4 pairs of strong serrate

spines on distal third of flexor margin; merus unarmed, distinctly longer than propodus and about

two and two-thirds times as long as ischium. Fourth

pereiopod of female (Figure 46*) reaching to distal

third of antennal scale; dactyl (Figure 46u) as in

third pereiopod but with only 2 denticles on flexor

margin; propodus more than two and one-third times

as long as dactyl, about one and two-thirds times as

long as carpus, with subparallel margins converging
NUMBER 9 8 117

FIGURE 47.—Hippolyte nicholsoni, new species, paratype,

male, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 42-59, carapace

length 1.2 mm: a, anterior region, dorsal view; b, telson;

c, right first pereiopod; d, right second pereiopod; e, right

third pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, left fourth pereiopod;

h, same, dactyl; i, left fifth pereiopod; ;', same, dactyl; k,

right first pleopod; /, same, endopod; m, right second pleopod; n, same, appendix masculina and appendix interna.

(Magnifications: a-e, g, i, k, m, X25; /, h, j , I, n, X63.)

distally and armed with 3 slender spines on distal

third of flexor margin; merus unarmed, about as long

as propodus and about twice as long as ischium.

Fourth pereiopod of male (Figure 47g) prehensile,

reaching distal end of antennal scale; dactyl (Figure

47/i) as in third pereiopod but with only 4 overlapping, scalelike spines on flexor margin; propodus

slightly more than two and one-half times as long as

dactyl, about one and four-fifths times as long as

carpus, broadening slightly to distal fourth, then narrowing, armed on flexor margin with pair of minute

spines near midlength and 3 pairs of larger serrate

spines on distal fourth; merus unarmed, subequal to

propodus in length and twice as long as ischium.

Fifth pereiopod of female (Figure 46i>) reaching as

far as distal end of antennal peduncle; dactyl (Figure

46w) as in third and fourth pereiopods but with only

1 denticle on flexor margin; propodus about two and

three-fourths times as long as dactyl and carpus, with

subparallel margins converging in extreme distal

portion and armed there with 2 slender spines on

flexor margin; merus unarmed, distinctly shorter than

propodus and nearly twice as long as ischium. Fifth

pereiopod of male (Figure 47i) not noticeably prehensile, reaching to distolateral tooth of antennal

scale; dactyl (Figure 47;) abruptly narrowing near

base, armed with 3 spines on flexor margin; propodus

nearly two and one-half times as long as dactyl, fully

twice as long as carpus, margins nearly subparallel,

converging in distal fourth, armed there with 3 serrated spines on flexor margin; merus unarmed, less

than four-fifths as long as propodus and one and

one-half times as long as ischium.

Endopod of first pleopod of male (Figures 47A, /)

with 3 plumose setae and 5 spines on mesial margin

and 5 plumose setae on lateral margin. Appendix

masculina on endopod of second pleopod (Figures

47m, n) shorter than appendix interna, armed distally with 5 long stout spines. Lateral branch of uropod (Figure 46e) with movable spine inserted between distolateral angle and margin of blade.

COLOR.—According to field notes kindly furnished

by R. B. Manning, the ovigerous females from

Puerto Rico had the carapace clear, with some scattered light-brown chromatophores and sometimes a

transverse band of amber green near midlength. Each

abdominal somite was clear dorsally, with a posterior

band of amber green, the bands on the anterior somites widening ventrally and coalescing on the pleura,

the band on the sixth somite covering the posterior

third and all of the ventral surface. There was a

band across the base of the telson and an obscure

transverse band near midlength, with scattered ambergreen chromatophores elsewhere. The bases of the

anterior appendages were green, as were the entire

third maxilliped and first pereiopod. The antennal

scale was outlined with a row of green chromatophores, and there was a transverse band of yellow

green near midlength. The bases of the second and

third pereiopods were green, the distal podomeres

clear. The fourth and fifth pereiopods were clear.

The uropods matched the telson in having an ob-
118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

scure band near midlength and scattered amber-green

chromatophores elsewhere.

The males had the thoracic appendages colored as

in the females, but only the third abdominal somite

was banded, with a vertical band of amber green.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 0.7-1.3 mm;

females, 0.8-2.1 mm; ovigerous specimens, 1.1-2.1

mm (holotype, 1.7 mm).

HABITAT.—Apparently always associated with gorgonacean octocorals. The species was recorded with

certainty from Pseudopterogoria acerosa and P.

americana.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Milford Bay, between Pigeon

Point and Crown Point, Tobago, in 9-12 meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico, Antigua Island, Saint

Lucia Island, and Tobago; to a depth of 12 meters.

REMARKS.—Two of the five females from Tobago

have a distinct dorsal tooth on the rostrum, and these

same two specimens also have 1 or 2 denticles on the

ventral margin; the other three females (two of them

ovigerous) from Tobago have the rostrum completely

unarmed on both margins. Only one of the four

females from Saint Lucia Island has a dorsal tooth

on the rostrum, and none of them have denticles on

the ventral margin. Of the twenty-five females from

Antigua Island, only one has 2 dorsal rostral teeth

and three have a single dorsal tooth, but twenty-one

have a single ventral denticle, one has 2 ventral denticles, and one has 3 ventral denticles.

The absence of distinct rostral teeth in most of the

specimens and the simple dactyls of the 3 posterior

pairs of pereiopods distinguish H. nicholsoni from all

other Atlantic species and suggest a relationship

with H. commensalis Kemp, 1925, which is associated with alcyonarians and actinians in the Nicobar

and Andaman islands. The West Indian species differs noticeably from the Indian Ocean form, however, in having the rostrum narrower, the telson differently armed, the antennal scale narrower, the

movable finger of the first cheliped much broader,

and the 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods with spines

on the flexor margins of the propodus and dactyl.

It is a pleasure to dedicate this species to Desmond

V. Nicholson of St. Johns, Antigua Island, not only

because he collected most of the specimens on which

the description is based but also in recognition of

his many other contributions to the success of the

first three Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions. As captain of the Freelance in 1956 and 1958 and as a

member of the scientific party in 1959 on the Caribee,

he added innumerable important specimens to the

collections through his knowledge of the islands, his

experience as a skin diver, and his eye for the unusual animal or association.

185. Hippolyte pleuracanthus (Stimpson)

FIGURE 48

Virbius pleuracanthus Stimpson, 1871:127.

Hippolyte pleuracantha.—Williams 1965b: 80, fig. 65.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Norfolk Harbor, Virginia, and

Somers Point, Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.

DISTRIBUTION.—Connecticut to North Carolina.

REMARKS.—See "Remarks" under H. zostericola.

*186. Hippolyte zostericola (Smith)

FIOURES 49, 50

Virbius zostericola Smith, 1873:550, pi. 3 : fig. 11.

Hippolyte zostericola.—Gumey 1936:25, 26, pi. 2: figs. 22-

27.

Hippolyte pleuracantha bermudensis Gurney, 1936:27, pi.

1: figs. 4-21.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 74—56: 1

ovig. ? ).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 15-56: 6c", 4 ?

[1 ovig.]; Sta. 17-56: 18d\ 38? [36 ovig.]).—

Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 66-60: 1 ovig.?; Sta.

68-60: 3d, 1 ovig.?; Sta. 69-60: 7<f, 3? [2

ovig.]; Sta. 77-60: lo", 5 ovig.?).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were found on

turtle-grass flats. (See "Remarks.")

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts.

DISTRIBUTION.—Massachusetts, North Carolina to

the Yucatan Peninsula, Bermudas to Trinidad and

Curasao; sublittoral.

REMARKS.—There is considerable doubt that H.

zostericola is distinct from H. pleuracanthus. The

two forms can be distinguished almost invariably by

the length and proportions of the rostrum, but all

attempts to find correlated characters were dissipated

in a profusion of variability. Numerous females examined from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, have the

rostrum considerably overreaching the antennular

peduncle, as described in H. zostericola. Less extensive material from various localities between Connecticut and North Carolina, on the other hand,

have the female rostrum shorter or no longer than
NUMBER 9 8 119

FIGURE 48.—Hippolyte pleuracanthus (Stimpson). Female, from Great Egg Harbor, New

Jersey (USNM 4408), carapace length 2.1 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen;

d, telson and uropods; e, posteroventral margin of sixth abdominal somite; /, right antennule;

g, right antenna; h, right first pereiopod; i, right second pereiopod; ;, right third pereiopod;

k, same, dactyl. Male, from same lot, carapace lengdi 1.5 mm: /, anterior region; m, right

third pereiopod; n, same, dactyl; o, right second pleopod; p, same, appendix masculina and

appendix interna. (Magnifications: c, X12.5; a, b, d-j, I, m, o, X25; k, n, p, X63.)
120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the antennular peduncle, as in typical H. pleuraeanthus. Most of the adequate series available from the

vicinity of Beaufort, North Carolina, are of the latter form, but a few of them could be assigned to H.

zostericola. Limited material from the east coast of

Florida have the rostrum sensibly overreaching the

antennular peduncle, but much less markedly so than

in extensive samples from the northern and eastern

shores of the Gulf of Mexico; in these samples, the

rostrum attains its greatest length. The species need

FIGURE 49.—Hippolyte zostericola (Smith), ovigerous female, from Smithsonian-Bredin Station 17-56, carapace length 1.8 mm: a, anterior region; b, abdomen; c, telson; d, posteroventral margin of sixth abdominal somite; e, right antennule; /, right antenna; g, right mandible, anterior aspect; h, left mandible, posterior aspect; i, right first maxilla; ;, right second

maxilla; k, left first maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; m, right third maxilliped; n, right

first pereiopod; o, right second pereiopod; p, left third pereiopod; q, same, dactyl; r, right

fourth pereiopod; s, same, dactyl; t, right fifth pereiopod; u, same, dactyl. (Magnifications:

b, X 12.5; a, c-f, i-p, r, t, X25; g, h, q, s, u, X63.)
NUMBER 98 121

more extensive study, and it seems best to retain the

two available names until such investigations are

completed.

Although the form described under the name H.

pleuracantha bermudensis by Gurney (1936) does

not have an unusually long rostrum, it appears to be

more closely related to H. zostericola than to H.

pleur acanthus.

Hippolyte zostericola and H. curacaoensis seem to

have similar habitat preferences, but it may be significant that both species were taken at only one of

the ten West Indian stations at which either species

was collected. At Station 17—56 on Carriacou Island,

one pair of H. curacadensis was found with 56 specimens of H. zostericola.

FIGURE 50.—Hippolyte zostericola (Smith), male, from

Smithsonian-Bredin Station 17-56, carapace length 1.2 mm:

a, anterior region; b, left first pereiopod; c, left second

pereiopod; d, left third pereiopod; e, same, dactyl; /, left

fourth pereiopod; g, same, dactyl; h, left fifth pereiopod;

i, same, dactyl; j , left second pleopod; k, same, appendix

intern a and appendix masculina. (Magnifications: a—d, f,

h, j , X25; e, g, i, k, X63.)

*Genus Latreutes Stimpson, 1860

Key to Atlantic Species

1. Rostrum distally acute, usually unarmed except for single dorsal tooth on carapace slightly

posterior to orbital margin; dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods simple, not biunguiculate

and without accessory spinules on flexor margin *188. L. inermis

Rostrum distally subtruncate and spinulose; dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods biunguiculate

and armed with accessory spinules on flexor margins 2

2. Single sharp tooth in dorsal midline of carapace posterior to orbital margin; antennal scale

with blade tapering regularly to sharp distal spine *187. L. fucorum

Series of spaced spines in dorsal midline of anterior third of carapace and proximal third

of rostrum; antennal scale with blade broadly rounded distally *189. L. parinilus

*187. Latreutes fucorum (Fabricius)

Palaemon fucorum Fabricius, 1798:404.

Latreutes fucorum.—Sivertsen and Holthuis 1956:31, pi. 1:

figs. 1, 2 (color).—Williams 1965b:78, fig. 63.

MATERIAL.—Norman Island (Sta. 35—58:

Between Tortola and Guana Island (Sta. 7—58:

18cf, 23$ [11 ovig., lc?, 1 ? with branchial bopyrlds]) .—Barbuda (Sta. 98-59: 2<f, 5 ? [3 ovig.], 3?;

Sta. 102-59: 9d \ 22 ? [8 ovig.]; Sta. 102a-59: 2

juv.; Sta. 103-59: 1?).—Nevis (Sta. 67-58:

1 $ ) .—Antigua Island (Sta. 104-59: 2<? ; Sta. ?-59:

1 d).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: Id, 2 ovig.?,

1 ?) .—Carriacou Island (Sta. 17-56: 1 cT, 2 ovig. $ ).

—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 87-60: 1 juv.).

HABITAT.—Although this species is almost invariably associated with the Sargassum community in the

open sea and is often believed to be restricted to that

habitat, it is common on grass flats in the tropical

western Atlantic, as indicated by the fact that all but

one of the lots taken by the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions apparently occurred in such an environment.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Floating gulfweed.
122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

DISTRIBUTION.—Western North Atlantic between

latitudes 10° and 50°N; Azores and Cape Verde

Islands; pelagic and sublittoral.

*188. Latrentes inermis, new species

FIGURES 51, 52

MATERIAL.—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 1$).—

Antigua Island (Sta. 113-59: 1$).—Dominica

(Sta. 62-56: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Saint Lucia Island (Sta.

52-59: 2? , 1? [1 ovig. female without eggs is holotype, USNM 135382]) .—Tobago (Sta. 42-59: 1 ? ).

Following the 1959 Expedition, Desmond B. Nicholson collected two lots of this species at Antigua

Island, one lot at Black's Point, Falmouth, on Pseudopterogorgia americana in 2 meters, 24 May 1959:

5 o*, 4 $ , 1 ?, and one lot at Hammond's Dock, Nonsuch Bay, on Pseudopterogorgia acerosa in 2 feet, 25

May 1959: ltf,2$,3 ?

I have also seen an additional specimen collected

by Raymond B. Manning at La Gata Island, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, on an alcyonarian, 25 June 1961:

lcfDESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 51a, b, 52a, b)

subtriangular, nearly as long as carapace, overreaching antennal scale, inclined slightly ventrad,

about one-third as deep as long; dorsal margin

faintly convex for most of length in females, usually

faintly concave in males, unarmed except for single

prominent tooth on carapace slightly posterior to

orbital margin (rarely with small tooth about onefifth of length from tip); ventral margin convex,

unarmed; sharp lateral carina near dorsal margin

ending before reaching median third of rostrum.

Small spine superimposed on, and directed anterodorsad from, subquadrate lobe delimiting ventral

angle of orbit. Branchiostegal margin of carapace

armed with 1-4 spines (rarely none on one side).

All abdominal pleura broadly rounded (Figure

5\c). Sixth somite about one and one-half times as

long as fifth and about four-fifths as long as telson,

posterior margin (Figure 51*) prolonged ventrally in

narrow distally rounded projection directed posteriorly between bases of uropods. Dorsolateral spines

of telson inconspicuous, both pairs situated in posterior half of segment (Figure bid); distal margin

prolonged mesially into cuneiform projection flanked

by 2 pairs of movable spines, mesial pair fully twice

as large as lateral pair.

Eyes (Figures 51/, g) with cornea set obliquely on

stalk; stalk bearing prominent rounded lobe and

sharp spine on mesial portion of distal margin, lobe

more prominent in females than in males.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 51 h) with stylocerite

broad and rounded, not acuminate; distal margin of

basal segment armed with single dorsolateral spine

and with small tooth on ventral margin; second and

third segments subequal in length.

Antennal scale (Figure 51 i) overreaching antennular peduncle by about one-third of length, nearly

five times as long as broad; lateral margin very faintly

convex, distal tooth strong, extending for full length

beyond barely distinguishable distal margin of narrowly tapered blade. Antennal peduncle not reaching end of basal third of scale; basal segment with

strong ventrolateral tooth near base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 5\j-p). Mandible

without incisor process or palp. Second maxilla with

mesial lacinia slightly cleft in extreme distal portion,

scaphognathite broad, obliquely subtruncate distally.

Third maxilliped reaching end of basal third of distal segment of antennal peduncle, exopod reaching

distal third of antepenulatimate segment.

Large epipods on 3 anterior pairs of pereiopods.

First pereiopod (Figure 51 q) barely overreaching

branchiostegal margin of carapace; palm slightly

longer than carpus and slightly shorter than merus.

Second pereiopod (Figure 51 r) reaching slightly beyond base of distal segment of antennal peduncle;

finger subequal in length to palm; carpus about one

and three-fourths times as long as chela, second joint

longer than subequal first and third joints; merus

slightly shorter than 2 proximal joints of carpus

and about half again as long as ischium. Third pereiopod (Figures 51J, 52C) reaching nearly to mesial

third of antennal scale; dactyl (Figures 51*, 52d)

unarmed, tapering to slender, sharp tip; propodus

more than two and one-half times as long as dactyl,

less than one and one-half times as long as carpus,

with unarmed subparallel margins; merus nearly one

and one-half times as long as propodus and more

than three and one-half times as long as ischium,

armed with stout lateral spine near distal margin.

Fourth pereiopod (Figure 51u) barely overreaching

base of distal segment of antennal peduncle; dactyl

(Figure 51 v) like than of third pereiopod; propodus

more than two and one-third times as long as dactyl,

more than one and one-third times as long as carpus,

with unarmed subparallel margins; merus slightly

longer than propodus and more than three times as
NUMBER 9 8 123

FIGURE 51.—Latreutes inermis, new species, holotype, female, carapace length 2.6 mm: a,

anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, posteroventral margin of

sixth abdominal somite; /, right eye, dorsal view; g, same, mesial view; h, left antennule; i,

right antenna; ;, right mandible, anterior aspect; k, left mandible, posterior aspect; I, right

first maxilla; m, right second maxilla; n, right first maxilliped; o, right second maxilliped; p,

right third maxilliped; q, right first pereiopod; r, left second pereiopod; 5, right third pereiopod;

t, same, dactyl; u, right fourth pereiopod; v, same, dactyl; w, right fifth pereiopod; x, same,

dactyl. (Magnifications: c, X12.5; a, b, d-i, l-s, u, w, X25; ;, k, t, v, x, X63.)

long as ischium, armed with stout lateral spine near

distal margin. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 5\w) reaching

branchiostegal margin of carapace; dactyl (Figure

51*) like those of 2 preceding pereiopods; propodus

slightly more than two and one-half times as long

as dactyl, more than one and one-third times as

long as carpus, with unarmed subparallel margins, except for minute spine at distal end of flexor margin;
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 52.—Latreutes inermis, new species, paratype, male

from Black's Point, Falmouth, Antigua Island, carapace

length 1.7 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, right third

pereiopod; d, same, dactyl; e, right second pleopod; /, same,

appendix masculina. (Magnifications: a c, e, X 25; d, f,

X63.)

merus unarmed, barely longer than propodus and

nearly three and one-third times as long as ischium.

Three posterior periopods of males more slender

than those of females but with similar podomere

relationships.

Appendix masculina on endopod of second pleopod of male (Figures 52«, /) longer than appendix

interna, with 7 long spines in proximal half and 8

distal spines of varying length. Lateral branch of uropod (Figure 5ld) with inconspicuous movable spine

but without acute angle at distal end of lateral margin.

COLOR.—According to the collector, the male specimen from Puerto Rico had the body generally transparent, dotted with scattered light-blue chromatophores, which formed no regular pattern.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 1.3—1.8

mm; females, 1.1-3.1 mm (holotype, 2.6 mm) ; ovigerous specimens, 2.9 and 3.1 mm.

HABITAT.—Probably always associated with gorgonacean octocorals. The species was recorded with

certainty from Pseudopterogorgia acerosa and P.

americana.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Reef just south of Marigot Harbour, Saint Lucia Island, in 3}^—5j/a meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands to

Tobago; to a depth of 12 meters.

REMARKS.—In the general form of the rostrum

and the absence of accessory spines on the dactyls of

the 3 posterior pereiopods, this species displays a

superficial similarity to L. anoplonyx Kemp, 1914,

from Bombay, India. It differs from that species,

however, in having the rostral margins unarmed

rather than serrate, the branchiostegal margin of

the carapace armed with no more than 4 rather than

11 spines, and the dorsolateral spines of the telson

apparently distributed differently. Also, the dorsal

tooth on the carapace is situated farther anteriorly in

the West Indian species.

The name (inermis, L., = unarmed) was suggested by the unarmed rostrum and posterior pereiopods.

*189. Latreutes parvulus (Stimpson)

Rhynchocyclus parvulus Stimpson, 1866:48.

Latreutes parvulus.—Williams 1965b: 79, fig. 64.

MATERIAL.—Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Sta. 41-60:

1?).

HABITAT.—The single specimen was presumably

taken from eroded dead coral.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—St. Joseph Island, Teaxs.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; West Africa; to a depth of 44 meters.

REMARKS.—The single specimen in the Smithsonian-Bredin collections has the rostrum unusually

slender and sparsely dentate.

*Genus Lysmata Risso, 1816

The presence or absence of an accessory branch

on the dorsolateral flagellum of the antennule—

the only feature distinguishing Lysmata from Hippolysmata Stimpson, 1860—is a variable character. Examination of material in the national collections

suggests that some specimens of all species that have

been assigned to Hippolysmata—even the typespecies, H. vittata Stimpson, 1860—may bear a vestige of an accessory flagellum. In discussing this

character, Kemp (1914:112) noted the possibility

"that further investigation will reveal such a degree

of gradation that two distinct genera can no longer

be recognized, and in this case all the species must

take rank under Lysmata." That time now seems to

have come, and Hippolysmata is herein treated as a

junior synonym of Lysmata.
NUMBER 98 125

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Antennal scale distinctly overreaching antennular peduncle (Exopod of third maxilliped

reaching to, or beyond, midlength of antepenultimate segment.) 2

Antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle slightly, if at all. (Accessory branch of

dorsolateral antennular flagellum absent or vestigial.) 5

2.(1) Antennal tooth fused with ventral angle of orbit; stylocerite reaching nearly to, or

beyond, distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle; accessory branch of

dorsolateral antennular flagellum well developed 3

Antennal tooth distinct from depressed and obscure ventral angle of orbit; stylocerite

falling far short of distal margin of basal antennular segment; accessory branch of

dorsolateral antennular flagellum vestigial or absent 4

3.(2) Two to 4 teeth of dorsal rostral series situated on carapace posterior to level of orbital

margin; carapace with pterygostomian tooth on anteroventral margin; antennal scale

more than four times as long as wide, distal tooth distinctly overreaching distal margin

of blade; carpus of second pereiopod composed of 28-30 articles. * 192. L. intermedia

Only 1 tooth of dorsal rostral series situated on carapace; carapace with anteroventral

margin rounded, unarmed; antennal scale little more than three times as long as wide,

distal tooth not overreaching distal margin of blade; carpus of second pereiopod

composed of about 17 articles 193. L. tnoorei

4.(2) Rostrum usually reaching as far as, or beyond, end of antennular peduncle; antennal

scale five times as long as wide 194. L. rathbunae

Rostrum reaching not much, if at all, beyond second segment of antennular peduncle;

antennal scale less than four times as long as wide *195. L. wurdemanni

5.(1) Rostrum with at most 1 ventral tooth; antennal tooth fused with ventral angle of orbit;

carapace with anteroventral margin rounded, unarmed; stylocerite nearly reaching

distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle; distal tooth of antennal scale

not overreaching distal margin of blade; exopod of third maxilliped not nearly

reaching midlength of antepenultimate segment; carpus of second pereiopod composed of 13-15 articles *190. L. anchisteus

Rostrum with 4—6 ventral teeth; antennal tooth distinct from depressed and obscure

ventral angle of orbit; carapace with petrygostomian tooth on anteroventral margin;

stylocerite falling far short of distal margin of basal antennular segment; distal tooth

of antennal scale distinctly overreaching distal margin of blade; exopod of third

maxilliped reaching at least to midlength of antepenultimate segment; carpus of

second pereiopod composed of 17-23 articles 191. L. grabhami

*190. Lystnata anchisteus, new species

FIGURES 53, 54

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 75-56: 3d \ 2? ,

2 juv., 1?—Grenada (Sta. 4-56: Id1; Sta. 6-56: 2tf

[1 is holotype, USNM 135387]).

There are two additional lots of this species in the

national collections: Playa del Mani, Anasco, Puerto

Rico, 24 March 1939, J. A. Rivero: 2 ovig. $ ; cave

on east side of Europa Bay, Saint John, Virgin

Islands, 4-10 feet, 16 February 1959, Randall and

Kumpf, Sta. 34: 1? .

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 53a, b) directed slightly ventrad, upturned near tip, reaching

barely as far as, or very slightly beyond, distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle; dorsal

margin armed with 5 or 6 strong teeth, posteriormost

situated on carapace, widely and deeply separated

from rest of series;, ventral margin armed with

single small tooth near tip (unarmed in one female);

lateral carina sharp, situated near ventral margin of

rostrum and fusing with posterior margin of orbit.

Carapace without dorsal carina. Antennal tooth

sharp, not separated from ventral angle of orbit. Anteroventral margin of carapace rounded, unarmed.

Pleura of first 4 abdominal somites rounded (Figure 53c), that of fifth sharply acute; sixth somite

armed with sharply buttressed posteroventral tooth.

Sixth somite one and one-half times as long as fifth,

three-fifths as long as telson not including terminal

spines; median posteroventral projection between

bases of uropods short, rounded, and inconspicuous.

Dorsal spines of telson (Figure 53rf) prominent, anterior pair situated near end of basal third of segment, posterior pair about equidistant from anterior

pair and from distal margin of telson; distal margin
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 53.—Lysmata anchisteus, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 4.8 mm: a,

anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, right antennule; g, same, junction of setiferous and nonsetiferous portions of dorsolateral flagellum;

h, right antenna; i, right mandible, anterior aspect; ;", left mandible, anterior aspect; k, right

first maxilla; I, right second maxilla; m, right first maxilliped; n, right second maxilliped; o,

right third maxilliped. (Magnifications: a, c, d, o, X7.5; b, f, h, k-n, X15.5; e, g, i, j , X31.)

(Figure 53e) acute mesially, armed with 2 pairs of

spines separated by mesial pair of long, basally thickened setae, lateral pair of spines much smaller than

dorsal spines and directed somewhat dorsad.

Eyes short and stout, cornea longer and broader

than stalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 53/) with stylocerite

tapering to sharp tip reaching about as far as distal

margin of basal segment, margins not denticulate;

each antennular segment armed with row of spinules

near dorsolateral portion of distal margin; small

tooth at proximal end of distal third of ventral surface of basal segment near mesial margin. Antennular flagella subequal, about three and one-fourth

times as long as carapace; dorsolateral flagellum with

7—20 thickened, setigerous articles, distal article subacutely produced to form vestige of accessory flagellum (Figure 53g).

Antenna! scale (Figure 53/i) relatively small, not

reaching much, if at all, beyond antennular peduncle, about three times as long as broad; lateral

margin concave, especially near midlength, distal

tooth strong, barely overreaching subtruncate distal

margin of blade. Antennal peduncle proportionately

massive, reaching fully as far as midlength of scale;

basal segment with sharp marginal tooth ventral to

base of scale.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 53£—o). Mandibles

unequal but subsimilar, right more complex than left.

Third maxilliped overreaching antennal scale by half
NUMBER 9 8 127

of distal segment; exopod short, not nearly reaching

midlength of antepenultimate segment.

FIGURE 54.—Lysmata anchisteus, new species, holotype, male,

carapace length 4.8 mm: a, right first pereiopod; b, right

second pereiopod; c, right third pereiopod; d, same, dactyl;

e, right fourth pereiopod; /, same, dactyl; g, right fifth

pereiopod; h, same, dactyl; i, right first pleopod; ;, same,

endopod; k, right second pleopod; /, same, appendix mascuHna and appendix interna. (Magnifications: a-c, e, g, i, k,

X7.5; d, f, h, j , X31; I, X78.)

Four anterior pereiopods with well-developed epipods. First pereiopod (Figure 54a) slightly overreaching antennal peduncle; fingers little more than

half as long as palm, movable finger bidentate distally; carpus subequal in length to palm, much

shorter than merus; ischium unarmed. Second pereiopod (Figure 546) overreaching antennal scale by

length of chela and one-fourth of carpus; carpus

nearly twice as long as merus, composed of 14 (rarely

13 or 15) articles; merus subequal to ischium in

length, composed of 7 articles; ischium with 1 or 2

articulations near distal end. Third pereiopod (Figure

54c) overreaching antennal scale by length of dactyl

and two-thirds of propodus; dactyl (Figure 54a1) terminating distally in long spinelike tooth continuous

with extensor margin and stouter, blunter tooth on

flexor side, with movable spinules on flexor margin;

propodus about three times as long as dactyl, armed

with 6 movable spinules on flexor margin; carpus

about four-fifths as long as propodus; merus not

much less than twice as long as carpus, bearing single

subdistal spine on lateral surface. Fourth pereiopod

(Figures 54e, /) similar to, but slightly longer than,

third, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactyl

and nearly half of propodus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure

54g) slightly longer than fourth, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactyl and one-fifth of

propodus; dactyl (Figure 54/i) as in third and fourth

pereiopods; propodus more than three and one-half

times as long as dactyl, armed with 5 movable spinules and distal fringe of setae on flexor margin; carpus less than three-fourths as long as propodus;

merus less than one and one-half times as long as

carpus, without spine on lateral surface.

Endopod of first pleopod of male (Figures 54t, ;")

about half as long as exopod, tapering to slender, unadorned end piece. Appendix masculina on endopod of second pleopod (Figures 54A:, /) shorter than

appendix interna, armed with 3 long distal spines,

terminal spine longer than appendix. Lateral branch

of uropod (Figure 53a") armed with 2 fixed teeth

flanking movable spine at distal end of lateral margin.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 2.7—5.2

mm (holotype, 4.8 mm) ; females 2.7—7.3 mm; ovigerous specimens, 6.0—7.0 mm.

HABITAT.—This species was found both along a

rocky shore and on a mud bottom.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Point Saline, Grenada.
128

DISTRIBUTION.—Puerto Rico to Grenada; in

depths of less than 3 meters.

REMARKS.—As suggested by the name (anchisteus, G. = next of kin), this species is very similar

to L. uncicornis Holthuis and Maurin, 1952, from

Morocco. It seems to differ from that species in the

following characters: The rostrum is shorter, reaching at most only slightly beyond the distal end of the

basal antennular segment, rather than to the midlength of the second segment. The rostral formula is

1 + 4-5/1 rather than 2 + 4-5/2-3. The setose

portion of the dorsolateral antennular flagellum is

composed of 7—20, rather than 31—45, articles. The

antennal scale has the lateral margin distinctly concave, rather than nearly straight, and the mesial

margin of the blade straight or convex distally, rather

than concave. The second pereiopod has the carpus

composed of only 13—15 articles, rather than 19-28,

and the merus has 7, rather than 11—14, subdivisions.

The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopods have the dactyls

armed with 2, rather than 3, movable spinules on the

flexor margin, and the propodus and carpus are not

minutely spinulous as in L. uncicornis. The third and

fourth pereiopods have the carpus considerably,

rather than a little, shorter than the propodus, and

the merus is armed with 1, rather than 4-6, movable

spines on the lateral surface. The fifth pereiopod has

the merus unarmed laterally, rather than armed

with 3 or 4 movable spines. Although the largest

West Indian specimens are not much more than half

as large as those from Morocco, it is unlikely that

many of the differences indicated above are correlated with size. The number of setigerous articles in

the basal portion of the dorsolateral antennular

flagellum does increase with growth, but all of the

other characters mentioned seem to be remarkably

constant in the series examined; for example, the

number of articulations in the carpus of the second

pereiopod is nearly always 14, regardless of size.

191. Lysmata grabhami (Gordon), new combination

Hippolysmata grabhami Gordon, 1935:319, figs. 10, 11.

Hippolysmata (Hippolysmata) grabhami.—Limbaugh, Pederson, and Chace 1961:247, fig. 5.

MATERIAL.—This species is not represented in the

Smithsonian-Bredin collections proper. As a consequence of the 1959 expedition, however, the folSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

lowing specimen was received from Desmond V.

Nicholson from Exchange Bay, Antigua Island, associated with Stoichactis helianthus, 25 May 1959: lcf.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Funchal, Madeira.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeastern Gulf of Mexico,

Florida Keys, Bahamas, and Lesser Antilles; Madeira; Hawaii and Society Islands; to a depth of 55

meters.

M92. Lysmata intermedia (Kingsley)

Hippolysmata intermedia Kingsley, 1878a: 90.

Lysmata intermedia.—Sivertsen 1933:5, pi. 2: figs. 9-15.

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 10 <f, 4 ? [2

ovig.]; Sta. 5-58: lcf ; Sta. 23-58: 4cf, 1 ovig. ? ).

—Guana Island (Sta. 9-58: 24d\ 9 9 [7 ovig.]).—

Virgin Gorda (Sta. 111-56: 3d1, 4 $ [3 ovig.]; Sta.

112-56: 2d \ 2 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 10-58: 2c? ; Sta. 37, 38,

39-58: 2c?, 1 ovig. 9 ).—Barbuda (Sta. 85-56: 1 9 ;

Sta. 102-59: 1 cf) .—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56:

l d \ 1 ovig 9).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: lcf;

Sta. 77-56: 1 ovig.9; Sta. ?-59: lo*)-—Tobago

(Sta. 8-59: lcf, 1 ovig. 9 ).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60: 2o*; Sta. 77-60: Id", 1 juv.).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were found on

grass flats studded with Porites and Pocillopora, but

some were associated with algae on rocky shores and

a few with reef corals.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys to Tobago and Curasao; Azores; Galapagos Islands; to a depth of 22

meters.

193. Lysmata moorei (Rathbun)

Hippolysmata moorei Rathbun, 1901:115, fig. 23.

Lysmata moorei.—Schmitt 1935:154, fig. 20.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Playa de Ponce, Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—In addition to the type-series,

there are four specimens in the national collections,

from such widely separated localities as Puerto Rico,

Isla de Providencia, and Estado da Paraiba, Brazil.

It is also known from Ascension Island and Gabon,

West Africa.

REMARKS.—The Brazilian specimen referred to

above was recorded as Hippolysmata wurdemanni by

Rathbun (1900:153).
NUMBER 9 8 129

194. Lysmata rathbunae Chace

Lysmata rathbunae Chace, 1970:59, figs. 1-4.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Boynton Beach, Florida,

26°31'N, 80°01'W; in 55-64 meters.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Florida to Yucatan; in

37-119 meters.

*195. Lysmata wurdemanni (Gibbes), new combination

Hippolyte Wurdemanni Gibbes, 1850:197.

Hippolysmata (Hip poly smata) wurdemanni.—Williams

1965b: 84, fig. 68.

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 7 3:

1 ovig. $ , 1 juv.; Sta. 85-60: 1 o*, 1 juv.; Sta. 95-60:

Id).

HABITAT.—Three of these specimens were taken on

sand flats, the other two on a rocky shore where

there were tide pools.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Key West, Florida (restricted by

Holthuis, 1959).

DISTRIBUTION.—Virginia to Estado de Sao Paulo,

Brazil; to a depth of 30 meters.

REMARKS.—As noted above, the specimen from

Mamanguape, Brazil, recorded by Rathbun (1900:

153) as L. wurdemanni, proved to be L. moorei. On

the other hand, two large ovigerous females in the

national collections from Santos, Estado de Sao

Paulo, Brazil, agree reasonably well with North

American specimens of L. wurdemanni. The only

obvious difference lies in the number and possibly

consequent arrangement of the dorsal rostral teeth.

The Brazilian specimens have 6 or 7 dorsal teeth,

instead of the usual 4 or 5 in northern specimens,

and 1 or 2, in addition to the posteriormost tooth, are

on the carapace posterior to the orbital margin.

Otherwise, these specimens agree better with the typical form of L. wurdemanni than do some of those recorded by Holthuis (1959:111) from off Surinam

and French Guiana; the stylocerite falls well short

of the distal margin of the basal antennular segment,

and the carpus of the second pereiopods contains

only 30—31 articles. The species seems to be uncommon in the West Indies. I have seen one specimen

from Golfo de Batabano, Cuba, but, unfortunately,

it is not available for reexamination at this time.

Genus Merguia Kemp, 1914

Only one Atlantic species is known.

196. Merguia rhizophorae (Rathbun)

Hippolysmata rhizophorae Rathbun, 1900:153, pi. 8: fig. 9.

Merguia rhizophorae.—Holthuis 1959:104, figs. 15, 16.—

Abele 1970:661.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Rio Paraiba, Estado da Paraiba,

Brazil.

DISTRIBUTION.—Panama, Surinam, and Estado da

Paraiba, Brazil.

•Genus Thor Kingsley, 1878a

The shrimps of this genus are as ubiquitous and

difficult to identify as are those of Hippolyte. The

task is complicated by the apparent occurrence of

protandry in at least some of the species. The four

western Atlantic species recognized in this report are

very similar in general appearance, but they seem to

be quite distinct physiologically. Most of the morphological characters investigated proved to be variable and useless, but the few reasonably stable

characters finally found are sufficient to permit identification of most specimens. Where all four species

occur in the same area, however, as in southeastern

Florida and Yucatan, they challenge the identifier's skill.

Key to Atlantic Species

No vestige of supra-orbital tooth; anterolateral margin of carapace faintly angular, with

microscopic branchiostegal tooth; distal margin of telson armed typically with 4 pairs

of spines; endopod of first pleopod of functional males with mesial margin sparsely

setose; appendix masculina (not including setae) of functional males falling short of

end of endopod of second pleopod; associated with sea anemones. (Merus of first pereiopod unarmed in distal half of flexor margin; eggs not very large, increasing in major

diameter during development from 0.48 to 0.70 mm.) *197. T. amboinensis
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Atlantic Species—Continued

Supra-orbital tooth represented by obtuse prominence; anterolateral margin of carapace

rounded, unarmed; distal margin of telson armed with 3 pairs of spines; endopod of

first pleopod of functional males with mesial margin densely setose; appendix masculina (not including setae) of functional males reaching nearly to, or beyond, end of

exopod of second pleopod; not usually associated with sea anemones 2

2.( 1) Merus of first pereiopod armed with 1 or 2 spines in distal half of flexor margin. (Dactyls

of fourth and fifth pereiopods commonly armed with 5—not unusually 4 or 6—spinules

on flexor margin proximal to distal pair' oi spines; eggs not very large, increasing

in major diameter during development from 0.36 to 0.74 mm.) *189. T. dobkini

Merus of first pereipod unarmed in distal half of flexor margin 3

3.(2) Dactyls of fourth and fifdi pereiopods commonly armed with 4 or 5 (rarely 3 or 6)

spinules on flexor margin proximal to distal pair of spines; eggs large and few, increasing in major diameter during development from 0.66 to 1.40 mm *199. T. floridanus

Dactyls of fourth and fifth pereiopods commonly armed with 3 (sometimes 2 or 4)

spinules on flexor margin proximal to distal pair of spines; eggs not very large, increasing in major diameter during development from 0.36 to 0.73 mm. *200. T. manningi

*197. Thor amboinensis (De Man)

FIGURES 55, 56

Hippolyte amboinensis De Man, 1888:535.

Thor discosomatis Kemp, 1916:388, fig. 1, pi. 36: fig. 1.

MATERIAL.—Antigua Island (Sta. 72-56: 6o*, 4

ovig. ? ; Sta. 73-56: Id1, 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 113-59: lcf ;

Sta. ?-59: Id1, 1 ovig. $ ) .—Dominica (Sta. 62-56:

1?).—Tobago (Sta. 26-59: 1 ovig. $ ; Sta. ?-59: Id,

5 $ [4 ovig.]).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34-60: 1 o* ) •

HABITAT.—Apparently this shrimp is always associated with sea anemones of various species.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Ambon, Indonesia.

DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys to Tobago and Yucatan; Bay of Bengal, Indonesia, and Caroline

Islands.

REMARKS.—It was believed on first examination

that the Smithsonian-Bredin collections contained

two species of Thor associated with sea anemones.

The form found with the "tufted anemone" (presumably Bartholomea annulata) had the telson

armed with 3 pairs of posterior spines (Figure 55^);

the carpus of the first periopod short and robust, less

that three-fourths as long as the palm of the chela

(Figure 55o); the third pereiopod of the male (Figure 55q) distinctly, but not markedly, prehensile,

the dactyl (Figure 55r) being armed with only 5 accessory spinules on the flexor margin; and the fourth

and fifth pereiopods (Fifth 55s-v) terminating in

robust dactyls armed with only 2 or 3 spinules on

the flexor margin. The form associated with the

"thick-tentacled anemone" (probably Condylactis gigantea), on the other hand, had the telson armed

with 4 pairs of distal spines (Figure 56e) ; the carpus

of the first pereiopod much more slender and as long

as the palm of the chela (Figure 56o); the third

pereiopod of the male (Figure 56g) strongly prehensile, the dactyl (Figure 56r) bearing about 10 accessory spinules on the flexor margin; and the fourth

and fifth pereiopods (Figures 56s—v) terminating in

more elongate dactyls bearing 4 spinules on the flexor

margin.

Further study, however, revealed the variability of

all of these characters and failed to disclose any consistent differences by which the two forms could be

distinguished. The telson normally bears 4 pairs of

terminal spines; of the 24 specimens in the collections, only two have 3 spines on both sides of the

posterior margin, three others have 3 spines on one

side and 4 on the other, and one specimen (from the

same lot as as the specimen illustrated in Figure 55)

has 4 on one side and 5 on the other. The carpus of

the first pereiopod varies from less than three-fourths

as long as, to slightly longer than, the palm of the

chela; another male in the lot containing the specimen illustrated in Figure 56 has the merus only

three-fourths as long as the palm. The number of

accessory spinules on the flexor margin of the dactyl

of the male third pereiopod varies from 5 to 10,

without apparent correlation with other characters.

The dactyls of the 2 posterior pairs of pereiopods vary

similarly.

Comparison of the Smithsonian-Bredin material

with a male and a female collected by Stanley Kemp

in the Andaman Islands and a male and two females
NUMBER 9 8 131

FIGURE 55.—Thor amboinensis (De Man), male, associated with "tufted anemone" from

Tobago (Smithsonian-Bredin Station ?-59), carapace length 2.25 mm: a, anterior region;

b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, right antennule; g, right

antenna; h, right mandible, anterior aspect; i, left mandible, posterior aspect; ;, right first

maxilla; k, right second maxilla; /, right first maxilliped; m, right second maxilliped; n, right

third maxilliped; o, right first pereiopod; p, right second pereiopod; q, right third pereiopod;

r, same, dactyl; s, left fourth pereiopod; t, same, dactyl; u, right fifth pereiopod; v, same,

dactyl; w, right first pleopod; x, same, endopod; y, right second pleopod; z, same, appendix

masculina and appendix interna. (Magnifications: c, X6; a, b, d, f, g, n-q, s, u, w, y, X12.5;

h-m, X25; e, r, t, v, x, z, X63.)
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

from Ifaluk Atoll, Caroline Islands, reveals no important morphological differences, except that the

third pereiopod of the two Indo-Pacific males is not

prehensile, whereas it is prehensile in the nine Atlantic males in which one or both of these appendages

is still intact. The third pereiopods have been demonstrated to be dimorphic in some species of this

and other hippolytid genera (see "Remarks" under

T. manningi), and there is a suggestion that they may

be polymorphic in this species (compare Figures 55q

and 56q). Also, the color pattern of the Indo-Pacific

anemone commensal, as detailed by Kemp, is remarkably like that of Atlantic specimens.

The unique type-specimen of Hippolyte amboinensis may no longer be extant, and there is therefore

probably little chance of verifying the contention of

Holthuis (1947:51) that De Man's species is a senior

synonym of Kemp's T. discosomatis. The material at

FIGURE 56.—Thor amboinensis (De Man), male, associated with "thick-tentacled anemone"

from Antigua Island (Smithsonian-Bredin Station 72-56), carapace length 1.6 mm: a, anterior

region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, left antennule; g,

left antenna; h, right mandible, anterior aspect; i, left mandible, posterior aspect; j , left first

maxilla; k, left second maxilla; /, left first maxilliped; m, left second maxilliped; n, left third

maxilliped; o, left first pereiopod; p, left second pereiopod; q, left third pereiopod; r, same,

dactyl; s, left fourth pereiopod; t, same, dactyl; u, left fifth pereiopod; v, same, dactyl; w, left

first pleopod; x, same, endopod; y, left second pleopod; z, same, appendix interna and appendix masculina. (Magnifications: c, X6; a, b, d, f, g, n—q, s, u, w, y, X12.5; j—m, X25; e,

h, i, r, t, v, x, z, X63.)
NUMBER 9 8 133

my disposal does corroborate the belief that there are

usually only 3 dorsal teeth on the rostrum of T. amboinensis, that the rostrum is most often, but by no

means always, simple rather than bifid distally, and

that the stylocerite is probably longer on the average

than it is in T. paschalis. These characters hardly

suffice as proof, however, that De Man did not have

an aberrant specimen of T. paschalis. That could be

determined positively only if De Man's specimen

proved to have 4 pairs of spines on the distal margin

of the telson and a tooth near the base of the lateral

margin of the stylocerite. Even in the absence of

such evidence, however, it is probably best to follow

the precedent set by Holthuis and accepted by subsequent workers.

*198. Thor dobkini, new species

FIGURE 57

Thor floridanus.—Dobkin 1968:1-17. [Not T. floridanus

Kingsley, 1878a.]

MATERIAL.—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 69—60:

1 ovig.$ ; Sta. 77-60: 5c?, 15$ [11 ovig.]).

In addition, the following lots in the national collections have been examined, and the holotype has

been selected from one of them:

North Carolina. Beaufort, inside Shackleford

Banks, washed from seaweed, 17 September 1928,

W. L. Schmitt and C. R. Shoemaker: 2 ovig?.—

Beaufort, from gorgonian, 21 August 1919, O. W.

Hyman: 1 ovig.? .—Black Rocks off New River, 19

June 1949, A. S. Pearse: 1 ovig. 9 .—Same, 29 June

1949: 1 ovig. $ .—Same, 9 July 1949: 1 ovig. ? .—

Same, 9 August 1949: 3 ovig. $ .

South Carolina. Seven miles off Little River Inlet, 14 meters, 17 August 1949, A. S. Pearse: 5 ?

(4 ovig.).

Florida. Norris Cut off Miami, dredged, April

1901, J. E. Benedict, 1 ovig. $ .—No Name Key,

among algae at low tide, H. Hemphill: 2 $ .—Marco,

among sponges in 2-5 1/5 meters, H. Hemphill: lcf,

2 ovig. ? .—Punta Rassa, 2 meters, H. Hemphill:

43c?, 54$ (40 ovig.) [lc? is holotype, USNM

135396].—Sarasota Bay, H. E. Webster: 1 $ .—Same,

among thick growth of Sagittaria, 19 April 1944,

M. W. Williams: 1 ovig. $ .—Tampa Bay, 1901, Fish

Hawk: 1 ovig. $.—Boca Ciega Bay Dock, on oyster

rack, 12 February 1964, U.S. Bureau of Commercial

Fisheries: 1 cf, 5 $ .—Anclote Sponge Station, Tarpon

Springs, 7 November 1896, B. W. Evermann: 1 ovig.

$.—Alligator Harbor, Franklin County, 3 November 1951, J. A. Smyth: 1 $ .—West Florida, Henderson and Simpson: 1 $ .—Dry Tortugas, Edward Palmer: lc?, 2 $ (1 ovig.).

Louisiana. Smack Channel, Chandeleur Island,

29°51'N, 88°51'W, 5 meters, 28 March 1954, R. M.

Darnell: 1 $.—Same, 5'/2 meters, 28 March 1954,

R. M. Darnell: 3 c?, 4 $ .—Lagoon on lee side of

Chandeleur Island, 29°51'N, 88°51'W, 2 meters, 28

March 1954, R. M. Darnell: 2cf, 4 $ .—Smack

Channell one mile northwest of Mangrove Island,

29°52'N, 88°51'W, 2 meters, 26 August 1954, R. M.

Darnell: 1 ovig. $ .

Cuba. Punta Tolete, Bahia de Guadiana, Provincia de Pinar del Rio, Tomas Barrera Expedition Sta.

9, Henderson and Bartsch: 1 ovig. $ .—Cardenas

Bay off 61st Street, Varadero, Provincia de Matanzas,

dredged in 4 meters, 27 January 1957, W. L. Schmitt:

2 $ (1 ovig.).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 57fc) inclined

ventrad, falling short of distal margin of basal segment of antennular peduncle; dorsal margin usually

armed with 4 teeth, much less commonly with 5,

rarely with 3, and very rarely with 6, posteriormost

tooth usually situated in line with, or slightly posterior to, posterior margin of orbit; ventral margin

bearing single tooth forming bifid rostral tip. Supraorbital tooth (Figure 57a) barely discernible as obtuse prominence. Antennal spine well marked, distinctly separated from, and overreaching, ventral

angle of orbit. Anteroventral margin of carapace

broadly rounded and unarmed.

Pleura of 3 anterior abdominal somites broadly

rounded (Figure 57 c) ; those of 3 posterior somites

acute posteroventrally. Sixth somite nearly twice as

long as fifth but distinctly shorter than telson not

including terminal spines. Telson (Figure 57 d) usually armed with 4 pairs of dorsal spines, occasionally

with 3 pairs, rarely with 5; distal margin (Figure

57e) with small mesial point and bearing 3, very

rarely 4, pairs of spines, intermediate pair distinctly

longest.

Eyes with cornea broader than, and fully as long

as, eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 57/) with sharp

stylocerite reaching to, or beyond, distal margin of

second segment and armed with distinct tooth near

proximal end of lateral margin; basal segment with

tooth near distal end of ventromesial margin; second
134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

segment with curved lateral spine reaching distal

third of distal segment; dorsal scale of distal segment

subtriangular, with or without denticle on lateral

slope.

Antennal scale (Figure 57g) overreaching antennular peduncle by at least one-third of length, about

one and two-thirds times as long as broad; lateral

margin nearly straight, distal tooth falling far short

of strongly produced distomesial angle of blade. Antennal peduncle reaching about to midlength of

scale; basal segment armed with strong ventrolateral

tooth.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 57/i-m). Mandibles asymmetrical, incisor process armed with 6 teeth

FIGURE 57.—Thor dobkini, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 1.6 mm: a, anterior

region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, right antennule;

g, right antenna; h, right mandible, anterior aspect; i, right first maxilla, end of distal endite

missing; ;, right second maxilla; k, right first maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; k, right first

maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; m, right third maxilliped; n, right first pereiopod; o,

right second pereiopod; p, right third pereiopod; q, same, dactyl; r, right fourth pereiopod;

s, same, dactyl; t, right fifth pereiopod; u, same, dactyl; v, right first pleopod; w, same, endopod; x, right second pleopod; y, same, appendix masculina. (Magnifications: c, X6; a, b, d, f,

g, m-p, r, t, v, x, X 12.5; i-l, x25; e, h, q, s, u, w, y, X63.)
NUMBER 9 8 135

and much narrower than swollen molar process. Second maxilla with mesial lacinia deeply cleft, scaphognathite rather broad and truncate distally. Third

maxilliped slightly overreaching antennal scale, exopod reaching distal sixth of antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figure 57n) reaching about as far

as distolateral tooth of antennal scale; fingers slightly

more than half as long as palm; carpus about as long

as palm; merus nearly one-fourth again as long as

carpus, armed with 1 or 2 movable spines distal to

midlength of flexor margin; ischium little more than

one-third as long as merus. Second pereiopod (Figure

57o) slightly overreaching antennal scale; fingers

shorter than palm; carpus considerably more than

twice as long as chela, articles decreasing in order

3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 5; merus less than three-fourths as long

as carpus and nearly one-third again as long as

ischium. Third pereiopod of male (Figure 57p)

prehensile, subchelate, overreaching antennal scale by

length of dactyl and three-fourths of propodus; dactyl

(Figure 57<jr) provided with about 16 closely appressed spinules on flexor margin, distalmost considerably longer than, but similar to, others, not

diverging from stout terminal spine of dactyl; propodus more than twice as long as dactyl, distal third

of flexor margin rather abruptly converging toward

extensor margin and densely spinose; carpus more

than half as long as propodus; merus slightly longer

than propodus, armed with 1 or 2 strong spines near

distal end of lateral surface. Third pereiopod of female not prehensile, similar to, and not much longer

than, fourth pereiopod but without microscopic

comblike spine at distal end of propodus. Fourth

pereiopod (Figure 57r) not prehensile in either sex,

overreaching antennal scale by slightly more than

length of dactyl; dactyl (Figure 57s) most commonly

bearing 5 spines on flexor margin in addition to distal

pair, less commonly with 3, 4, or 6 accessory spines;

propodus slightly less than two and one-half times

as long as dactyl, armed with about 8 subequally

spaced spines on flexor margin and microscopic

comblike spine near articulation with dactyl; carpus

about half as long as propodus; merus very slightly

longer than propodus, with 1 or 2 strong spines near

distal end of lateral surface. Fifth pereiopod (Figures

57^ u) reaching as far as distal margin of antennal

scale, similar to fourth pereiopod but with fringe of

stout setae on distal fifth of flexor margin of propodus; merus usually with single spine near distal end

of lateral surface.

Endopod of first pleopod of male (Figures 57y,

w) with fringe of moderately long setae on mesial

margin. Appendix masculina, not including dense

covering of long setae, overreaching endopod of second pleopod and frequently approaching tip of exopod (Figures 57x, y). Lateral branch of uropod

(Figure 57d) with movable spine inserted between

distolateral tooth and margin of blade.

SIZE.—Males with carapace lengths of 1.0-1.9 mm

(holotype, 1.6 mm) ; females, 1.1-3.4 mm; ovigerous

specimens, 2.0-3.0 mm.

HABITAT.—Grass flats.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Punta Rassa (near mouth of

Caloosahatchee River), Lee County, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Yucatan, north

coast of Cuba; to a depth of 14 meters.

REMARKS.—Without the convincing evidence provided by the developmental studies of Sheldon Dobkin (1968), I would certainly have overlooked the

subtle differences that distinguish this species from

T. floridanus. Inasmuch as Dr. Dobkin graciously

offered to forsake the proposed extension of his studies

of Thor and provided me with notes that he had

already assembled on possible morphological differences between the two species, it is appropriate for

the new species to bear his name.

The presence or absence of a spine on the distal

half of the flexor margin of the merus of the first

pereiopod would seem to be a questionable specific

character in this genus, but the material available to

me indicates that it is a valid and useful means of

distinguishing the species involved. I have seen no

specimen of Thor with large eggs and no specimen

of the apparently distinct West Indian species with

small eggs that has a spine in this position. Occasional specimens of the two latter species may have

a stout seta or slender spine on the proximal portion

of the flexor margin of the merus of the first pereiopod, but it is certainly not homologous with the

spine in T. dobkini.

There is little doubt that T. dobkini is normally a

protandrous hermaphrodite. Of 70 females measured,

all but three have a carapace length of 2.0 mm or

more, whereas all 52 males measured have a carapace length of less than 2.0 mm. All of the males,

however, have the third pereiopod subchelate and

prehensile; no sexually intermediate forms, such as

occur in T. manningi, have been observed.
136

*199. Thor floridanus Kingsley

FIGURE 58

Thor floridanus Kingsley, 1878:95.

Thor species Dobkin, 1968: 1-18, figs. 1-9.

MATERIAL.—Isla Mujeres (Sta. 17-60: 2? ; Sta.

26-60: 2 ovig.?, 1?; Sta. 28-60: 3c?, 10? [4

ovig.]; Sta. 29-60: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 29a-60: ltf,

3 ovig. o ) ._isla de Cozumel (Sta. 47-60: 5c?, 2 ? ;

Sta. 100-60: 5c?, 4 ? [3 ovig.], 6 juv).—Bahia de la

Ascension (Sta. 60-60: 5c?, 3 ? [2 ovig.]; Sta. 66-

60: 1 ovig.?; Sta. 69-60: lc?, 4 ? [3 ovig.]; Sta.

77-60: 13c?, 6 ? [3 ovig.]; Sta. 83-60: 3c?, 28?

[20 ovig.], 1 juv.; Sta. 89-60: 2 ovig. ? ; Sta. 91-60:

2 c?, 1 ? with branchial bopyrid).

HABITAT.—Grass flats.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Key West, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina (?) to Yucatan,

to a depth of 58 meters. Neither of the two specimens

tentatively assigned to this species from north of

Miami, Florida, is ovigerous; the northern limit of

the range of the species therefore awaits verification.

REMARKS.—The type-series of T. floridanus is deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at

Harvard University and has been made available to

me through the kind cooperation of Herbert W. Levi.

It consists of seven males, eight females, and one

juvenile. The males range in carapace length from

1.3 to 1.6 mm, the females (none of which, unfortunately, are ovigerous) from 1.5 to 2.3 mm, and

the single juvenile 1.1 mm. The third pereiopod is

prehensile in the four males in which both members

of the pair have not been lost. The juvenile and two

of the smaller males have 3 accessory spinules on

the flexor margin of the dactyl of the fourth pereiopod, proximal to the terminal pair; the remaining

five males and two of the females have 4 accessory

spinules; and the four remaining females in which

the fourth pereiopod is intact have 5. None of the

specimens has a spine on the merus of the first pereiopod. The unarmed merus of the first pereiopod

virtually eliminates the possibility that T. floridanus

is the species described above under the name T.

dobkini, and the distribution of accessory spinules on

the dactyl of the fourth pereiopod does not agree with

that in the West Indian species described below as

T. manningi but does agree reasonably well with that

in the form with large eggs, referred to as Thor sp. by

Dobkin (1968). This conclusion is not contradicted

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 58.—Thor floridanus Kingsley, male, associated with

females with large eggs from Bahia de la Ascension (Smithsonian-Bredin Station 83-60), carapace length 1.5 mm: a,

anterior region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, left antennule; g, left antenna; h,

right first maxilla; i, right second maxilla; ;, right first

maxilliped; k, right second maxilliped; /, right third maxilliped; m, right first pereiopod; n, right second pereiopod; o,

right third pereiopod; p, same, dactyl; q, right fourth pereiopod; r, same, dactyl; s, left fifth pereiopod; t, same, dactyl;

u, right first pleopod; v, same, endopod; w, right second

pleopod; x, same, appendix masculina. (Magnifications: c,

X6; a, b, d, f, g, l-o, q, s, u, w, X12.5; h-k, X25; e, p, r,

t, v, x, X63.)
NUMBER 9 8 137

by the fact that all 19 ovigerous females that I have

seen in other lots from Key West bear large eggs.

Evidence of protandry is less marked in T. floridanus than it is in either T. dobkini or T. manningi.

All 40 males of T. fioridanus analyzed have the third

pereiopods subchelate and prehensile, as in T. dobkini. All but three small males have carapace lengths

of 1.2-1.8 mm, and only 11 of the 92 females in the

same lots fall within this size range. The proportionate number of females in the size range encompassing

most of the males is therefore appreciably greater

than it is in T. manningi, but still less than 25 percent, which would suggest imperfect protandry.

*200. Thor manningi, new species

FIGURES 59-61

MATERIAL.—Tortola (Sta. 117-56: 9c?, 2? , 19?

[16 ovig., 2 with abdominal bopyrids]; Sta. 5-58:

9d\ 9? [7 ovig.], 1 juv.; Sta. 23-58: 2c?, 1 ? ,

4 $ [2 ovig., 1 with abdominal bopyrid] ; Sta. 35-58:

1 ovig. ? ) .—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 112-56: 2 c?, 2

ovig. 9 ; Sta. 10-58: 1 ovig. $ ; Sta. 37, 38, 39-58:

lcf. 5? [3 ovig.], 1 juv.).—Anguilla (Sta. 55-58:

1 cf ; Sta. 59-58: 1 ovig. 9 ) .—Barbuda (Sta. 92-56:

lcf; Sta. 112a-58: 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 112c-58: 8c?,

2<?, 6 9 [5 ovig.]; Sta. 98-59: 4c?, 2 9 [1 ovig.];

FIGURE 59.—Thor manningi, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 1.3 mm: a, anterior

region; b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, right antennule;

g, right antenna; h, right mandible, anterior aspect; t, left mandible, anterior aspect; ;, right

first maxilla; k, right second maxilla; /, right first maxilliped; m, right second maxilliped; n,

right third maxilliped; o, right first pereiopod; p, right second pereiopod; q, right third pereiopod; T, same, dactyl; s, right fourth pereiopod; *, same, dactyl; u, right fifth pereiopod; v,

same, dactyl; w, right first pleopod; x, same, endopod; y, left second pereiopod; z, same, appendix interna and appendix masculina. (Magnifications: c, X6; a, b, d, f, g, n-q, s, u, w, y,

XI2.5; j-m, X25; e, h, i, r, t, v, x, z, X63.)
138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Sta. 102-59: 2cT, 2 ovig. 9 , 1 juv.).—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: 3d, 9 ? [7 ovig.]).—Antigua

Island (Sta. 73-56: Id1, 3 $\ 3 ? [1 ovig.]; Sta. 75-

56: lcf ; Sta. 80-56: 1 ovig. $ ; Sta. 81-56: 1 ovig.

9 ; Sta. 82-56: 3 cT, 2 <?, 13 ovig.?, 1 juv. [lcf is

holotype, USNM 135393]; Sta. 79-58: 3d1, 6^ , 4 ?

[2 ovig.]; Sta. 96-58: 1 $ ; Sta. 104-59: 1 d\ 1 ? ,

1 ovig. $ ; Sta. 105-59: Id1, 1 $T, 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 109-

59: 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 112-59: 19 ; Sta. ?-59: 3d1,

5 <?, 8 ovig. 9 ) .—Guadeloupe (Sta. 69-56: 1 <? ) .—

Dominica (Sta. 61-56: 1?; Sta. 75-59: 2cT, 3 juv.).

—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 53-59: Id1; Sta. ?-59:

Id", 1 <?, 2 ovig. 9 ).—Carriacou Island (Sta. 15-56:

7<f, 9 9 [6 ovig.], 2?; Sta. 17-56: Id1, 3 9 [2

ovig.]).—Tobago (Sta. 4-59: 4d \ 2 juv.; Sta. 8 -

59: 1 $, 2 ovig. 9 , 1 juv.; Sta. 26-59: 1 ovig. 9 ;

Sta. 30-59: 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 31-59: 2d \ 3? , 7 ovig.

9 , 1 juv.).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 52-60:

2 d \ 2tf, 29 ; Sta. 53-60: 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 67-60:

1 9 ; Sta. 68-60: Id, 3 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 72-60: Id1,

1 ? , 3 9 ; Sta. 77-60: Id, 2$T, 3 9 [1 ovig.]; Sta.

81-60: 29 ; Sta. 95-60: I?).—Bahia del Espiritu

FIGURE 60.—Thor manningi, new species. Paratype, male with nonprehensile third pereiopods,

from Tobago (Smithsonian-Bredin Station 31-59), carapace length 1.7 mm: a, anterior region;

b, rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson; /, left antennule; g, left antenna; h, right mandible, anterior aspect; i, left mandible, posterior aspect; ;, left first maxilla;

k, left second maxilla; /, left first maxilliped; m, left second maxilliped; n, left third maxilliped;

o, left first pereiopod; p, left second pereiopod; q, left third pereiopod; r, same, dactyl; s, left

fourth pereiopod; t, same, dactyl; w, left fifth pereiopod; v, same, dactyl; w, left first pleopod;

x, same, endopod; y, left second pleopod; z, same, appendix interna and appendix masculina.

Similar paratype from Antigua Island (Smithsonian-Bredin Station ?-59), carapace length

1.6 mm: aa, left second pleopod; bb, same, appendix interna and appendix masculina. (Magnifications: c, X6; a, b, d, f, g, n-q, s, u, w, y, aa, X12.5; j~m, X25; e, h, i, r, t, v, x, z, bb,

X63.)

bb
NUMBER 9 8 139

Santo (Sta. 41-60: 1^,1 ovig. $ ).

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 596, 606) inclined ventrad, variable in length, sometimes falling

short of distal margin of basal antennular segment,

sometimes overreaching second segment; dorsal margin commonly armed with 4 teeth, less commonly

with 3, rarely with 5, and very rarely with 2, posteriormost tooth usually situated in line with, or

slightly posterior to, posterior margin of orbit; ventral

margin typically bearing single tooth forming bifid

rostral tip, rarely unarmed. Supraorbital tooth (Figures 59a, 60a) barely discernible as obtuse prominence, very rarely acute. Antennal spine stout, overreaching and not sharply separated from ventral

angle of orbit. Anteroventral margin of carapace

broadly rounded, unarmed.

Pleura of 3 anterior abdominal somites (Figures

59c, 60c) broadly rounded; those of 3 posterior

somites acute posteroventrally. Sixth somite nearly

twice as long as fifth but distinctly shorter than telson

not including terminal spines. Telson (Figures 59d,

60d) armed with 3 or 4 pairs of dorsal spines, occasionally with 2 pairs especially in juveniles, rarely

with 5; distal margin (Figures 59e, 60«) with small

mesial point and bearing 3 (abnormally 2 or 4) pairs

of spines, intermediate pair distinctly longest.

Eyes with cornea broader than, and subequal in

length to, eyestalk.

Antennular peduncle (Figures 59/, 60/) with sharp

stylocerite usually reaching slightly beyond distal margin of second segment and armed with distinct tooth

near proximal end of lateral margin; basal segment

with tooth near distal end of ventromesial margin;

second segment with curved lateral spine reaching

beyond midlength of distal segment; dorsal scale of

distal segment subtriangular.

Antennal scale (Figures 59g, 60g) overreaching

antennular peduncle by at least one-third of length,

slightly less than one and one-half times as long as

broad; lateral margin nearly straight, distal tooth

falling far short of strongly produced distomesial

angle of blade. Antennal peduncle reaching about

to midlength of scale; basal segment armed with

strong ventrolateral tooth.

Mouth parts as figured (Figures 59h-n, 60h-n).

Mandibles asymmetrical, incisor process armed with

5 or 6 teeth and much narrower than swollen molar

process. Second maxilla with mesial lacinia deeply

cleft, scaphognathite subtruncate distally. Third raaxilliped reaching about as far as distal margin of antennal scale, exopod reaching distal sixth of antepenultimate segment.

First pereiopod (Figures 59o, 60o) reaching about

to midlength of antennal scale; fingers about threefourths as long as palm; carpus about as long as

palm; merus considerably longer than carpus, unarmed on distal half of flexor margin; ischium at

least half as long as merus. Second pereiopod (Figures 59p, 60p) overreaching antennal scale by at

least length of fingers; fingers shorter than palm;

carpus more than half as long as chela, articles decreasing in order 3, 6, 4, 1, 2, 5 (right second pereiopod of holotype abnormally composed of 7 segments, left with 6); merus nearly three-fourths as

long as carpus and less than one-third as long as

ischium. Third pereiopod of presumably functional

males (Figure 59q) prehensile, subchelate, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactyl and about

two-thirds of propodus; dactyl (Figure 59r) bearing

9-13 closely appressed spines on flexor margin, distalmost somewhat longer than, but similar to, others, not

diverging noticeably from stout terminal spine of

dactyl; propodus more than twice as long as dactyl,

distal third of flexor margin converging toward extensor margin and densely spinose; carpus about half

as long as propodus; merus slightly longer than propodus, armed with 1 or 2 strong spines near distal

end of lateral surface. Third pereiopod of females

and nonfunctional males (Figures 60^, r) not prehensile, similar to, and not much longer than, fourth

pereiopod but without microscopic comblike spine at

distal end of propodus. Fourth pereiopod (Figures

59s, 60s) not prehensile in either sex, overreaching

antennal scale by, at most, length of dactyl and onefifth of propodus; dactyl (Figures 59t, 60t) most

commonly bearing 3 spines on flexor margin in addition to distal pair, much less commonly with 2 or

4, and rarely with 5, accessory spines; propodus

slightly more or less than three times as long as

dactyl, armed with about 8 subequally spaced spines

on flexor margin and microscopic comblike spine near

articulation with dactyl; carpus fully half as long as

propodus; merus subequal to propodus in length, with

strong spine near distal end of lateral surface. Fifth

pereiopod (Figures 59u, v, 60u, v) at most barely

reaching distal margin of antennal scale, similar to

fourth pereiopod, but with fringe of stout setae at

distal end of flexor margin of propodus; merus usu-
140 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ally with spine near distal end of lateral surface.

Endopod of first pleopod of functional males (Figures 59a;, x) with dense fringe of rather short setae

on mesial margin and very long seta at distal end.

Appendix masculina (Figures 59y, z), not including

dense covering of long setae, far overreaching endopod of second pleopod and often overreaching exopod. Lateral branch of uropod (Figures 59d, 60d)

with movable spine inserted between distolateral

tooth and margin of blade.

SIZE.—Functional males with carapace lengths of

0.8—1.6 mm (holotype, 1.3 mm); males with nonprehensile third pereiopods, 0.7-0.9 mm; females and

juveniles, 0.6—2.5 mm; ovigerous specimens, 1.4—2.5

mm.

HABITAT.—The records of the Smithsonian-Bredin

Expeditions indicate that this species is not confined

to any particular ecological niche. Although it was

commonly found on grass flats from the tide line to

a depth of at least 11 meters, it was taken almost as

frequently from living and dead coral and submerged

timbers; on at least two occasions, it seemed to be

associated with Bartholomea, but it is certainly not

restricted to sea anemones as is T. amboinensis.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Harbour, Antigua Island.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Tobago and

Curasao and westward to Yucatan; to a depth of 44

meters. In the national collections is a lot of four

ovigerous females from Islas Tres Marias off the west

coast of Mexico that seem to be indistinguishable

from T. manningi, indicating that the species occurs

also in the eastern Pacific.

REMARKS.—This species seems to be an imperfect

protandrous hermaphrodite, as indicated by the relative paucity of females and the preponderance of

males in the smaller sizes (Figure 61). The situation

is further complicated by the existence of dimorphism

in the males. Of 125 specimens with an appendix

masculina on the second pleopod, 89 have the third

pereiopods subchelate and prehensile and 36 have

them simple, as in the females. With one or two

questionable exceptions, all of the males with prehensile pereiopods have the appendix masculina fully

developed, whereas all of those with the third pereiopods nonprehensile have the appendix masculina

reduced to a varying degree (Figures 60y—bb). This

observation counteracted my first thought that two

species were represented. If the males with nonprehensile third pereiopods and reduced appendices masculinae occurred only at the lower and upper limits

of the male size range, one could believe that they

represented those males that had not yet attained

sexual maturity and those that were metamorphosing

into females, as in Pandalus borealis (see Allen 1959).

To be sure, the smallest and largest males do belong

to this presumably nonfunctional form, and this form

is proportionately less abundant in the intermediate

sizes, but the fact that there is some dimorphism

throughout the male size range prevents a clear-cut

conclusion.

This species is named for my esteemed colleague,

Raymond B. Manning, who initiated a study of the

a) 30

E

Wk Males with prehensile third pereiopods

E^ Males with nonprehensile third pereiopods

E3 Juveniles and females without eggs

• Ovigerous females

o.

C/5

20

10

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Carapace Length (mm)

FIGURE 61.—Sexual distribution, by size, in West Indian specimens of Thor manningi.
NUMBER 9 8 141

Atlantic species of Thor long before my efforts began

and who offered continuing assistance and encouragement during this investigation, especially by urging

me to continue the quest when hope for a satisfactory

solution was dim.

*Genus Tozeuma Stimpson, 1860

Key to Atlantic Species

Third abdominal somite bearing long rodlike dorsal projection recurved posteriorly and

bidentate distally; third maxilliped with each of 2 distal segments short, slightly longer

than broad, distal segment tapering throughout to narrow truncate tip; carpus of second pereiopod with proximal article subequal in length to combined lengths of 2 distal

articles; dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods without accessory spinules on flexor margin.

(Rostrum unarmed dorsally.) 202. T. cornutum

Third abdominal somite not surmounted by recurved projection in adults; third maxilliped with each of 2 distal segments elongate, at least twice as long as broad, distal

segment with subparallel margins nearly to distal extremity; carpus of second pereiopod

with proximal article slightly more than four-fifths as long as combined lengths of 2

distal articles; dactyls of 3 posterior pereiopods with row of accessory spinules on flexor

margin 2

Rostrum unarmed dorsally *201. T. carolinense

Rostrum armed with series of teeth both dorsally and ventrally 203. T. serratum

*201. Tozeuma carolinense Kingsley

Tozeuma carolinensis Kingsley, 1878a: 90.

Tozeuma carolinense.—Williams 1965b:83, fig. 67.—Ewald

1969:510-549, figs. 1-20.

MATERIAL.—Between Tortola and Guana Island

(Sta. 7-58: 1 juv.).—Virgin Gorda (Sta. 110-56:

1?).—Antigua Island (Sta. 80-58: 1 juv.).—

Guadeloupe (Sta. 68-56: 1 ovig. $ ).—Dominica

(Sta. 52-56: 2 ovig. ? ; Sta. 53-56: 2 juv.).—Saint

Lucia Island (Sta. 38-56: 1 ovig.?).—Bahia de la

Ascension (Sta. 66-60: 3 ovig.$).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens mentioned

above were collected from grassy bottoms from the

subtidal zone to a depth of 4 meters, but four specimens—one female and three juveniles—were attracted to a light at the surface over depths as

great as 15 meters, and one juvenile was found on

floating Sargassum in the open sea.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fort Macon, North Carolina.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southern Massachusetts to Curasao and westward to Yucatan and Panama; to a

depth of 75 meters.

202. Tozeuma cornutum A. Milne-Edwards

Tozeuma cornutum A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:16; 1883: pi.

32.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Barbados.

DISTRIBUTION.—This species apparently was

known until recent years only from the type-locality

off Barbados in 73 meters. Ewald (1969) mentions a

single specimen "collected in deep water east of the

Florida Keys," and I have been able to examine an

ovigerous female taken in Great Lameshur Bay,

Saint John, Virgin Islands, by J. E. Randall and L.

P. Thomas in 1958.

203. Tozeuma serratum A. Milne-Edwards

Tozeuma serratum A. Milne-Edwards, 1881:16; 1883: pi.

32.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Barbados.

DISTRIBUTION.—Like the preceding species, T.

serratum was apparently known for some time only

from the type-locality off Barbados in 102 meters.

Schmitt (1924c) recorded a second specimen "collected in deep water east of the Florida Keys." I

have been able to examine two additional males.

One was collected three miles east-northeast of

Crocker Reef, Monroe County, Florida, at a depth

of 46 meters by Starck, Herrid, and Emerson, 22

August 1961. The second was taken in the northeastem Gulf of Mexico at 29°49.5'N, 86°06.9'W in 44

meters by Dr. and Mrs. W. E. Pequegnat, 13 November 1965.
142 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Genus Trachycaris Caiman, 1906 Trachycaris r«tnrt«.-Holthuu 1949b:233, figs. 2, 3.

Only one species is known. TYPE-LocALiTY.-Cape Verde Islands.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas to Estado do Para,

204. Trachycaris restrictTM (A. Milne-Ed wards) Brazil; eastern Atlantic from the Canary Islands to

Hippolyte restrictTM A. Milne-Edwards, 1878:231. Saint Helena Island; to a depth of 100 meters.

•Family PROCESSIDAE

Key to Genera

1. First pereiopods similar, both chelate. (First pereiopods without exopods; second pereiopods

equal.) Ambidexter

First pereiopods dissimilar, one (usually right) chelate, other with simple unopposed dactyl. 2

2. First pereiopod with exopod Nikoides

First pereiopod without exopod *Procetsa

Genus Ambidexter Manning and Chace, 1971 Genus Nikoides Paulson, 1875

Only one species is known. Only one Atlantic species is known.

205. Ambidexter symmetricus Manning and Chace 206. Nikoides schmitti Manning and Chace

Ambidexter symmetricus Manning and Chace, 1971:3, figs. Nikoides schmitti Manning and Chace, 1971 :8, figs. 3-5.

1 2 ' ' TYPE-LOCALITY.—Two miles south of Garden Key,

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Matheson Hammock Wading Dry Tortugas, Florida.

Beach, Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida. DISTRIBUTION.—Florida Keys and Guianas; subDISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico to Trinidad; sub- littoral to 25 meters,

littoral to 6 meters.

*Genus Provessa Leach, 1815

Key to Western Atlantic Species

1. Pleuron of fifth abdominal somite with sharp tooth near posteroventral angle. (Antennal

spine present) 2

Pleuron of fifth abdominal somite with posteroventral margin entire, without projecting

tooth 3

2.(1) Eye twice as wide as antennal scale; third pereiopod overreaching antennal scale by

length of dactyl and propodus only *208. P. fimbriata

Eye less than one and one-half times as wide as antennal scale; third pereiopod overreaching antennal scale by length of dactyl, propodus, and most of carpus .... 212. P. riveroi

3.(1) Antennal spine lacking 4

Antennal spine present 5

4.(3) Ventral margin of rostrum only slightly concave in distal half; second pereiopods unequal, right with 19-29 carpal articles, left with 13-15 207. P. bermudensis

Ventral margin of rostrum markedly concave in distal half; second pereiopods equal,

with 10-14 carpal articles 214. P. vicina

5.(3) Second pereiopods equal or slightly unequal, merocarpal articulation of right not extending beyond antennal scale 6

Second pereiopods very unequal, merocarpal articulation of right extending considerably

beyond antennal scale 7
NUMBER 9 8 143

Key to Western Atlantic Species—Continued

6.(5) Second pereiopods equal, with 10 carpal articles 210. P. hemphilli

Second pereiopods slightly unequal, right with 23 carpal articles, left with 15

215. P. wheeleri

7.(5) Posterior lobe of sixth abdominal somite, dorsal to uropodal articulation, armed with

sharp tooth 211. P. profunda

Posterior lobe of sixth abdominal somite unarmed 8

8.(7) Rostrum only slightly convex dorsally; fifth pereiopod with propodus four times as long

as dactyl, merus longer than carpus 209. P. guyanae

Rostrum strongly convex dorsally; fifth pereiopod with propodus seven times as long as

dactyl, merus shorter than carpus 213. P. tenuipes

207. Processa bermudensis (Rankin)

Nika bermudensis Rankin, 1900:536, pi. 17: figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Processa bermudensis.—-Manning and Chace, 1971:15, figs.

6, 7.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Harrington Sound, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and North Carolina to

northwestern Florida, Cuba, and Puerto Rico; sublittoral.

*208. Processa fimbriata Manning and Chace

Processa fimbriata Manning and Chace, 1971:19, figs. 8—10.

MATERIAL.—Saba Bank (Sta. 106-56: Id, 1?) .

—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 1 ? ).—Guadeloupe

(Sta. 70-56: 1 o*).—Dominica (Sta. 55-56: Id1;

Sta. 62-56: 3d1; Sta. 75-59: 1 $ ) .—Tobago Cays

(Sta. 22-56: 1 ovig. ? ) .—Tobago (Sta. 8-59: 1

ovig. $ ; Sta. 31-59: Id1, 3 ovig.$ ).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34-60: lcf).—Bahia de la Ascension

(Sta. 67-60: Id1, 1 juv.; Sta. 72-60: 1 ovig.?, 1

juv.; Sta. 85-60: 3d, 2 ? ; Sta. 87-60: 2d", 1 ovig.

? , 1 juv.; Sta. 95-60: 2tf, 3$ , 1?).—Bahia del

Espiritu Santo (Sta. 35-60: 3 juv.).

HABITAT.—Most of these specimens were found

on coral flats and among coral encrusted rocks from

the littoral zone to a depth of 13 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off East Key, Dry Tortugas,

Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Brazil; sublittoral to 37 meters.

209. Processa guyanae Holthuis

Processa guyanae Holthuis, 1959:115, figs. 18, 19.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Coppename River, Surinam,

6°54'N, 56°14'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from off the coast of

Surinam; in 44 49 meters.

210. Processa hemphilli Manning and Chace

Processa hemphilli Manning and Chace, 1971:23, figs. 11,

12.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Marco, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the west coast

of Florida; in 2-31 meters.

211. Processa profunda Manning and Chace

Processa profunda Manning and Chace, 1971:25, figs. 13-

15.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico south of Cape

San Bias, Florida, 28°36'N, 85°33'30"W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the eastern

Gulf of Mexico; in 185-348 meters.

212. Processa riveroi Manning and Chace

Processa riveroi Manning and Chace, 1971:28, fig. 16.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Maguey Island, La Parguera,

Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality; sublittoral.

213. Processa tenuipes Manning and Chace

Processa tenuipes Manning and Chace, 1971:31, figs. 17, 18.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico east-southeast of

Cape San Bias, Florida, 29°12'N, 84°33'W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Off North Carolina, eastern Gulf

of Mexico, and off the north coast of Cuba; in 31-

331 meters.
144

214. Processa vie ma Manning and Chace

Processa vicina Manning and Chace, 1971:34, figs. 19, 20.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—East of Cape Lookout, North

Carolina, 34°35'30"N, 75°45'30"W.

DISTRIBUTION.—Off North Carolina, eastern Gulf

of Mexico, and off Venezuela; in 46-100 meters.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

215. Processa wheeleri Lebour

Processa wheeleri Lebour, 1941:403, figs. 1-9, 11-27.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known with certainty only from

the Bermudas.

'Section Stenopodidea

•Family STENOPODIDAE

Key to Western Atlantic Shallow-water Genera

Body depressed; abdomen without spines on dorsal surface; sixth abdominal somite with pleura;

mesial branch of uropod with 1 dorsal ridge * Microprosthema

Body compressed; abdomen spinose dorsally; sixth abdominal somite without pleura; mesial

branch of uropod with 2 dorsal ridges *St*nop%u

*Genus Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860

Only one Atlantic species is known.

*216. Microprosthema semilaeve (Von Martens)

Stenopus semilaevis Von Martens, 1872:144.—Rankin 1898:

241, pi. 29: fig. 2.

Microprosthema semilaeve.—Holthuis 1946:54, pi. 3: fig. i.

—Manning 1961a: 81.

MATERIAL.—Anguilla (Sta. 54—58: 1 ovig.?).—

Barbuda (Sta. 98-59: Id1, 1 ovig. ? ; Sta. 102-59:

Id1).—Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56: Id1).—Antigua Island (Sta. 73-56: 2 yc" ; Sta. 113-59: 1 ovig.

? ) .—Dominica (Sta. 76-59: 1 ovig. 9 ).—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 60-59: 2 yo*).—Tobago Cays (Sta.

22-56: 1 o*) •—Carriacou Island (Sta. 17-56: 1

ovig. $ ) .—Tobago (Sta. 31-59: Id1).—Bahia de la

Ascension (Sta. 85-60: Id1, 1 juv.; Sta. 87-60: 1

juv.; Sta. 95-60: 3d1, 2 ovig. 9) .

HABITAT.—This species was collected in various

situations. Several were found on sand flats, sometimes studded with boulders, to depths of nearly 4

meters, while others were cracked from reef corals.

The specimen from Saint Christopher (Sta. 103-56)

was associated with the sea anemone Bartholomea

annulata.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cuba.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas, southern Florida, and

Yucatan to Fernando de Noronha; to a depth of 4

meters.

•Genus Stenopus Latreille, 1819

Key to Western Atlantic Species

Rostrum unarmed ventrally; third abdominal somite without shield-shaped boss; spines on terga

of 3 posterior abdominal somites not arranged in transverse rows; antennal scale unarmed

laterally for considerable distance proximal to distolateral tooth and with 2 or 3 rows of

spinules arising from dorsal surface *217. 5. hispidus

Rostrum armed ventrally with 6 to 8 spines; third abdominal tergum bearing lobate, shieldshaped boss on posteromesial part; spines on 3 posterior abdominal terga arranged in transverse rows; antennal scale armed throughout distal two-thirds of lateral margin and without

spinules on dorsal surface *218. 5. scutellatus

*217. Stenopus hispidus (Olivier) MATERIAL.—Anguilla (Sta. 54-58: Id, 1 ovig.

Palaemon hispidus Olivier, 1811:666. ?)—Antigua Island (Sta. 72-56: Id1; Sta. 73-

Stenopus hispidus.—Holtiiuis 1946:12, pi. 1: figs, a-g.—

 56 :

 * O* ; Sta. 82-56: 2 juv.; Sta. 83-56 : 5cf, 4

Limbaugh, Pederson, and Chace 1961:251, fig. 8. ovig.?; Sta. 78-58: 1 o" 5 Sta. 80-58: 1 yd \ Sta.
NUMBER 98 145

?-59: 2c?, 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. ?-59: ltf, 1 ovig. 9 ).—

Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 53-59: 4c?).—Bahia de

la Ascension (Sta. 81-60: ltf; Sta. 85-60: 3 c?;

Sta. 95-60: 1 cT, 3 ovig.?).

HABITAT.—Most of the specimens were collected

from a seawall, rocky shores, a waterlogged stump,

and a shipwreck, occasionally to a depth of 5J/2

meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Australasiatic Seas."

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and southern Florida

to French Guiana; Red Sea and southeastern Africa

to Japan, Hawaii, and Tuamotu Archipelago; to a

depth of 210 meters.

*218. Swnopus scutellatus Rankin

Stenopus scutellatus Rankin, 1898:242, pi. 29: fig. 3.—Holthuis 1946:28, pi. 3: figs, a, b.—Limbaugh, Pederson,

and Chace 1961:253, fig. 9.

MATERIAL.—Saint Martin (Sta. 46-58: lc?, 1

ovig. ? ) .—Saint Lucia Island (Sta. 53-59: 2c?,

1 ovig. 9 ) .—Tobago (Sta. 15-59: 2c?; Sta. 26-59:

1 c?, 1 ovig. ? ).—Bahia de la Ascension (Sta. 72-60:

lc?, 1 ovig. 9 ; Sta. 91-60: 2c?, 1 ovig. 9) .

HABITAT.—These specimens were found in a variety of situations: a coral reef, a waterlogged stump,

grass flats where there were conchs and Porites

clumps, and a rocky bottom in 2-4 meters of water.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Silver Cay, New Providence,

Bahamas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and the Gulf of Mexico to Fernando de Noronha; to a depth of 113

meters.

Station List

(Stations of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expeditions at which natantian shrimps were collected

and the species taken at each station)

EXPEDITION OF MARCH AND APRIL 1956

2-56. Trinidad; Maracas Bay River; 9 March; 8:00-

10:00 A.M.

30. Potimirim glabra

46. MacTobrachium carcinus

47. Macrobrachium crenulatum

4-56. Grenada; Point Saline; rocks at northeast end of

first beach on lee coast; 14 March.

121. Alpheus bouvieri

190. Lysmata anchisteus

6-56. Grenada; Point Saline; rocks at southwest end of

first beach on lee coast; 14 March.

190. Lysmata anchisteus

8-56. Grenada; Grand Anse Bay outside Saint George's

Harbour; from partially exposed conglomerate rock

and coral ledge along shore; 14 March.

121. Alpheus bouvieri

129. Alpheus malleator

135. Alpheus schmitti

9-56. Grenada; Grand Anse Bay outside Saint George's

Harbour; sub littoral; 14 March.

117. Alpheus bahamensis

15-56. Carriacou Island; Tyrrell Bay; submerged timbers

from wreck near mangrove swamp; 16 March;

8:00-10:00 A.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

121. Alpheus bouvieri

126. Alpheus formosus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

186. Hippolyte zostericola

200. Thor manningi

16—56. Carriacou Island; Tyrrell Bay; outer edge of exposed reef near anchorage (chiefly dead Pocittopora); 16 March; 10:00-11:30 A.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

154. Synalpheus disparodigitus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

173. Synalpheus townsendi

17-56. Carriacou Island; sand flats inside reef; 16 March;

10:00-11:30 A.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

130. Alpheus normanni

173. Synalpheus townsendi

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

186. Hippolyte zostericola

187. Latreutes fucorum

200. Thor manningi

216. MicropTosthema semilaeve

21-56. Tobago Cays; west (lee) side of Baradal; under

stones and in coral rock at low tide; 17 March;

11:00 A.M.-1:00 P.M.

107. Gnathophylloides mineri

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

121. Alpheus bouvieri

131. Alpheus nuttingi

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

22-56. Tobago Cays; west (lee) side of Baradal; in coral

rock 1 m deep; 17 March; 11:00 A.M.-1:00 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus
146

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

101. Typton carneus

126. Alpheus formosus

134. Alpheus ridleyi

152. Synalpheus brooksi

157. Synalpheus fntzmuelleri

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

164. Synalpheus minus

208. Processa fimbriata

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

23-56. Tobago Cays; west (lee) side of Baradal; in

sponges 1 m deep; 17 March; 11:00 A.M.-1:00

P.M.

101. Typton carneus

133. Alpheus peasei

152. Synalpheus brooksi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

164. Synalpheus minus

24-56. Tobago Cays: west (lee) side of Baradal; in loggerhead sponge 1 m deep; 17 March; 1:00 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

124. Alpheus cylindricus

152. Synalpheus brooksi

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

163. Synalpheus mcclendoni

34-56. Mustique; off coral reef along shore near anchorage, lee side of island; sublittoral; 19 March;

8:30-10:30 A.M.

2. Metapenaeopsis goodei

75. Periclimenes americanus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

35-56. Mustique; reef along shore near anchorage, lee side

of island; from loggerhead sponge; 19 March;

10:30 A.M.

124. Alpheus cylindricus

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

169. Synalpheus pectiniger

38-56. Saint Lucia Island; Marigot Harbour, outside of

lagoon; seine hauls along shore; 21 March; 11:30

A.M.

201. Tozeuma carolinense

41-56. Saint Lucia Island; Marigot Harbour, just outside

of lagoon; collected by diving in 2 m; snapping

shrimps associated with sea anemones; 21 March;

1:00 P.M.

115. Alpheus armatus

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

47-56. Saint Lucia Island; reef off Pigeon Island; collected by diving in /a-3 m; 22 March; 9:00-

11:00 A.M.

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

134. Alpheus ridleyi

164. Synalpheus minus

50-56. Martinique; Baie de Fort-de-France; light over

side; 24 March; 7:00-9:30 P.M.

22. Lucifer faxoni

52-56. Dominica; Woodbridge Bay; dredged in 4 m; 25

March; 5:30-6:00 P.M.

4. Metapenaeopsis martinella

17. Sicyonia parri

201. Tozeuma carolinense

53-56. Dominica; Woodbridge Bay; light over side; 25

March; 7:00-9:00 P.M.

201. Tozeuma carolinense

55-56. Dominica; north end of Woodbridge Bay; from

coral-encrusted boulders; 26 March; 3:00-4:00

P.M.

114. Alpheus amblyonyx

151. Synalpheus brevifrons

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

208. Processa fimbriata

61-56. Dominica; Prince Rupert Bay; dredged in 11-27

m; 28 March; 2:30-3:00 P.M.

159. Synalpheus hemphilli

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

200. Thor manningi

62-56. Dominica; north end of Prince Rupert Bay; from

coral-encrusted rocks in 1/a m; 28 March; 4:00-

5:00 P.M.

65. Periclimenaeus ascidiarum?

69. Periclimenaeus caraibicus

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

133. Alpheus peasei

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

158. Synalpheus goodei

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

188. Latreutes inermis

197. Thor amboinensis

208. Processa fimbriata

64—56. Dominica; Prince Rupert Bay; light over side at

anchorage in 7 m; 28 March; 8:45-9:30 P.M.

36. Leptochela bermudensis

68-56. Guadeloupe; Pointe-a-Pitre; sandy mud flats between Ilet a Monroux and Ilet Rat; 30, 31 March;

9:30 A.M.- 1:00 P.M.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

55. Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) octaviae

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

125. Alpheus floridanus

131. Alpheus nuttingi

137. Alpheus viridari

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

201. Tozeuma carolinense

69-56. Guadeloupe; Ilet Rat, off Pointe-a-Pitre; from exposed reef and submerged weedy rocks; 30, 31

March; 9:30 A.M.- 1:00 P.M.

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

131. Alpheus nuttingi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri
NUMBER 9 8 147

164. Synalpheus minus

200. Thor manningi

70-56. Guadeloupe; Pointe-a-Pitre; dead coral flat east of

Ilet a Cochons; 31 March; 12:30-2:00 P.M.

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

121. Alpheus bouvieri

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

208. Processa fimbriata

72-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; along dockyard

seawall; 2, 4, 8 April; 10:00 A.M.

108. Cnathophyllum americanum

197. Thor amboinensis

217. Stenopus hispidus

73-56. Antigua Island; Charlotte Point, English Harbour;

2 April; 1:00-6:00 P.M.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

92. Periclimenes yucatanicus

96. Pontonia miserabilis

97. Pontonia quasipusilla

101. Typton carneus

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

112. Alpheopsis labis

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

121. Alpheus bouvieri

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

133. Alpheus peasei

134. Alpheus ridleyi

142. Metalpheus rostratipes

148. Synalpheus apioceros

152. Synalpheus brooksi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

174. Thunor rathbunae

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

192. Lysmata intermedia

197. Thor amboinensis

200. T/ior manningi

208. Processa fimbriata

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

217. Stenopus hispidus

74-56. Antigua Island; Tank Bay, English Harbour; seine

hauls on mud bottom; under rocks and oyster bar;

along beach; 3 April; 2:30-3:30 P.M.

6. Penaeus (Melicertus) aztecus subtilis

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

125. Alpheus floridanus

130. Alpheus normanni

137. Alpheus viridari

186. Hippolyte zostericola

75-56. Antigua Island; Freeman's Bay, English Harbour;

from seine hauls and diving in shallow water; 3

April; 3:30-5:00 P.M.

44. Leander tenuicornis

115. Alpheus armatus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

190. Lysmata anchisteus

200. Thor manningi

77-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; from ship fender

along dockyard seawall; 4 April; 2:30 P.M.

126. Alpheus formosus

137. Alpheus viridari

192. Lysmata intermedia

78-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; dredged in 5/2

m; 4 April; 3:00 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

126. Alpheus formosus

80-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; from wreck of

iron ship Ordnance Bay; 4 April; 4:00 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

200. Thor manningi

81-56. Antigua Island; Commissioner's Bay, English Harbour; from fragment of wooden piling; 4 April;

3:45 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

200. Thor manningi

82-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; from bottom of

yacht Native Dancer anchored for several months;

4 April; 4:30-5:15 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

200. Thor manningi

217. Stenopus hispidus

83-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; collected by

flashlight along dockyard seawall; 4, 8, 9 April;

8:30-9:30 P.M.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

6. Penaeus (Melicertus) aztecus subtilis

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

179. Barbouria antiguensis

217. Stenopus hispidus

84-56. Barbuda; off Oyster Pond Landing, west side of

island; light over side at anchorage in 5J/2 m; 5

April; 7:00-8:30 P.M.

22. Lucifer faxoni

36. Leptochela bermudensis

38. Leptochela serratorbita

85-56. Barbuda; west shore of lagoon near Oyster Pond

Landing; 6 April; 9:30 A.M. - 12:00 M.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus
148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

75. Periclimenes americanus

130. Alpheus normanni

152. Synalpheus brooksi

164. Synalpheus minus

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

192. Lysmata intermedia

92-56. Barbuda; Martello Tower, south coast of island;

offshore reefs; 7 April; 11:30 A.M. - 12:00 M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

200. Thor manningi

94-56. Antigua Island; English Harbour; from bottom of

yacht Mercy Marsden docked in harbor for two or

three years; 9 April; 5:00 P.M.

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

103-56. Saint Christopher; windward beach opposite Frigate Bay; coral reef just off shore; 12 April; 1:30-

3:30 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

92. Periclimenes yucatanicus

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

130 Alpheus normanni

133. Alpheus peasei

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

104-56. Saint Christopher; Basseterre; light over side at

anchorage in 7 m; 12 April; 8:00-8:45 P.M.

12. Trachypeneopsis mobilispinis

106-56. Saba Bank; 17°28'N, 63°13'W; dredged in 13 m;

13 April; 5:30-6:30 P.M.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

99. Pseudocoutierea antillensis

101. Typton carneus

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

208. Procesa fimbriata

108-56. Saba Bank; 6 miles northwest by

 l/2 north from

Station 106-56; light over side in 55 m; 13 April;

9:30-10:45 P.M.

61. Anchistioides antiguensis

110-56. Virgin Gorda; off Vixen Point, Prickly Pear

Island; light over side at anchorage in 15 m; 14

April; 8:00-8:30 P.M.

201. Tozeuma carolinense

111-56. Virgin Gorda; Vixen Point, Prickly Pear Island;

along beach with much Pocillopora; 15 April; 7:45

A.M. and 5:30-6:30 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

105. Typton tortugae

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

139. Automate gardineri

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

164. Synalpheus minus

169. Synalpheus pectiniger

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

112-56. Virgin Gorda; Colquhoun Reef at entrance to

North Sound; 15 April; 9:30-11:30 A.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

82. Periclimenes longicaudatus

92. Periclimenes yucatanicus

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

167. Synalpheus pandionis

173. Synalpheus townsendi

174. Thunor rathbunae

188. Latreutes inermis

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

115-56. Tortola; Road Harbour; light over side at anchorage in 11 m; 16, 17 April; 8:00-8:45 P.M.

22. Lucifer faxoni

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

117-56. Tortola; reef off Burt Point, Road Harbour; 17

April; 2:00-4:00 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

115. Alpheus armatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

130. Alpheus normanni

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

EXPEDITION OF MARC H TO MA Y 1958

5-58. Tortola; Burt Point, Road Harbour; flats with

Porites clumps and much dead coral; 27 March;

9:00-10:00 A.M.

126. Alpheus formosus

137. Alpheus viridari

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri
NUMBER 9 8 149

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

7—58. En route Road Harbour, Tortola to Guana Island;

from Sargassum collected with insect net; 27

March.

44. Leander tenuicornis

187. Latreutes fucorum

201. Tozeuma carolinense

9-58. Guana Island; White Bay; from reefs in cove;

honeycombed coral rock, Porites clumps, and diving

in about 2 m; 28 March.

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

167. Synalpheus pandionis

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

10-58. Virgin Gorda; east of Vixen Point, Prickly Pear

Island; from grass beds, Porites, Millepora, and

some Acropora; shore to 2 m; 28 March.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

164. Synalpheus minus

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

18-58. Peter Island; Little Bay; from three or four hauls

of small-toothed dredge in 16-27 m on sandy,

shelly bottom around anchorage; 29 March.

2. Metapenaeopsis goodei

21-58. Peter Island; Little Bay; dredged in 4/ 2 -18 m;

30 March.

2. Metapenaeopsis goodei

75. Periclimenes americanus

22-58. Peter Island; Little Bay; collected by diving in

1-2 m off landing; 30 March.

92. Periclimenes yucatanicus

113. Alpheopsis trigonus

23-58. Tortola; Sopers Hole, West End; from flats before

mangroves at head of bay in 2-3 feet; rocky,

muddy, few corals, turtle grass; 31 March.

17. Sicyonia parri

44. Leander tenuicornis

75. Periclimenes americanus

115. Alpheus armatus

126. Alpheus formosus

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

167. Synalpheus pandionis

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

26-58. Tortola; Sopers Hole, West End; from poisoning

in and about old wreck measuring 9 X 4/ 2 m and

from diving; 1 April.

88. Periclimenes pedersoni

33-58. Saint Thomas; Saint Thomas Harbor; dredged in

4-9 m, chiefly near north shore; 4 April.

8. Penaeus (Melicertus) duorarum notialis

35-58. Norman Island; Treasure Point; shore collecting;

6 April; 9:30-11:30 A.M.

187. Latreutes fucorum

200. Thor manningi

36b-58. Virgin Gorda; off Vixen Point, Prickly Pear

Island; light at bottom at anchorage in 20 m;

6 April; 9:00 P.M.

22. Lucifer faxoni

37-58. Virgin Gorda; Colquhoun Reef at entrance to

North Sound; 7 April; 7:00-11:00 A.M.

44. Leander tenuicornis

150. Synalpheus bousfieldi

40-58. Virgin Gorda; southwest of Vixen Point, Prickly

Pear Island; dredged in 20 m on clay and calcareous sand bottom; 7 April; 2:00-3:00 P.M.

2. Metapenaeopsis goodei

42-58. Anegada; Pomato Point; from reef edge and

grass flats in less than 1 in; 8 April.

44. Leander tenuicornis

148. Synalpheus apioceros

46-58. Saint Martin; Groot Baai; collected by diving in

2-4 m over rocky bottom off lighter landing on

east side of bay; 11 April; 2:30-6:00 P.M.

218. Stenopus scutellatus

54-58. Anguilla; Sandy Island; collected by diving in

2-4 m; 13 April.

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

217. Stenopus hispidus

55-58. Anguilla; Sandy Island; collected along shore at

northeast corner; 13 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

133. Alpheus peasei

134. Alpheus ridleyi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

200. Thor manningi

67-58. Nevis; off Charlestown; dredged in 4-5]/2 m on

weedy bottom near anchorage; 16 April; 5:00—

6:00 P.M.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

187.. Latreutes fucorum

70-58. Nevis; 3% km west by southwest from Charlestown; from Finlay mollusk trap set previous day in

48 m; 17 April.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

78-58. Antigua Island; English Harbour; scraped from

seawall with Weber scoop; 19 April; afternoon

and evening.

148. Synalpheus apioceros

217. Stenopus hispidus
150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

79-58. Antigua Island; Freeman's Bay, English Harbour;

from grass patch and nearby; 19 April; afternoon.

69. Periclimenaeus caraibicus

75. Periclimenes americanui

125. Alpheus floridanus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

200. Thor manningi

80-58. Antigua Island; English Harbour; light over side

at mooring along seawall; 19 April; evening.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

22. Lucifer faxoni

201. Tozeuma carolinense

217. Stenopus hispidus

93-58. Antigua Island; just south of Bird Island, Nonsuch Bay; light over side at anchorage in 7 in;

23 April.

4. Metapenaeopsis martinella

38. Leptochela serratorbita

96-58. Antigua Island; north side of Bird Island, Nonsuch Bay; on and under rocks in 1-4 feet; Aeropora and Millepora plentiful; 24 April; 7:30-

9:00 A.M.

117. Alpheus bahamensis

140. Automate rectifrons

200. Thor Manningi

100-58. Barbuda; Dark Cave; 25 April.

33. Typhlatya monae

105-58. Barbuda; vicinity of jetty at Codrington; 27

April.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

108-58. Barbuda; east side of Cocoa Point; seining over

turtle grass and other vegetation; 27 April.

17. Sicyonia parri

44. Leander tenuicornis

111-58. Barbuda; east of Spanish Point; Porites flats;

28 April.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

126. Alpheus formosus

131. Alpheus nuttingi

112a-58. Barbuda; west and south of Spanish Point;

cracked from dead coral and living coral bases;

28 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

113. Alpheopsis trigonus

116. Alpheus armillatus

133. Alpheus peasei

137. Alpheus viridari

200. Thor manningi

112c-58. Barbuda; east shore of Spanish Point; from

"purple-stained" Porites; 29 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

200. Thor manningi

113a-58. Barbuda; Gravenor Bay; along shore in honeycombed coral rock and limestone and among

turtle grass. 28 April.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

164. Synalpheus minus

123-58. Antigua Island; English Harbour; 3 May.

116. Alpheus armillatus

137. Alpheus viridari

EXPEDITION OF APRIL AND MA Y 1959

4-59. Tobago; west of Pigeon Point; 4 April; 1:00-

3:30 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

130. Alpheus normanni

164. Synalpheus minus

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

200. Thor manningi

6-59. Tobago; west of Pigeon Point; cracked from weedy

coral rock; 4 April; 1:00-3:30 P.M.

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

128. Alpheus intrinsecus

8-59. Tobago; Buccoo Reef; 5 April; 9:30 A.M. - 12:30

P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

130. Alpheus normanni

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

133. Alpheus peasei

134. Alpheus ridleyi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

208. Processa fimbriata

15-59. Tobago; Buccoo Reef; from high ground dry at

extra low tide; 6 April; 7:00-9:00 A.M.

115. Alpheus armatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

135. Alpheus schtnitti

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

158. Synalpheus goodei

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

218. Stenopus scutellatus

20-59. Tobago; Man of War Bay; dredged with Morrison toothed dredge in 11-20 m; 8 April; 11:00

A.M. - 12:30 P.M.

4. Metapenaeopsis martinella

17. Sicyonia parri

82. Periclimenes longicaudatus

25-59. Tobago; Bloody Bay; tow-netted (12" net); 8

April; 8:15 A.M.
NUMBER 9 8 151

22. Lucifer faxoni

26-59. Tobago; Buccoo Reef; 9 April.

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

135. Alpheus schmitti

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

197. Thor amboinensis

200. Thor manningi

218. Stenopus scutellatus

27-59. Tobago; Parlatuvier-Roxborough road; 9 April.

30. Potimirim glabra

30-59. Tobago; east of Pigeon Point; 10 April.

137. Alpheus viridari

152. Synalpheus brooksi

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

163. Synalpheus mcclendoni

200. Thor manningi

31-59. Tobago; west of Pigeon Point; sand flats off

beach; 10 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

81. Periclimenes iridescens

101. Typton carneus

115. Alpheus armatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

130. Alpheus normanni

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

200. 77ior manningi

208. Processa fimbriata

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

38-59. Tobago; near Crown Point Hotel; dredging in

7-9 m on sandy bottom; 11 April.

4. Metapenaeopsis martinella

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

42-59. Tobago; Milford Bay, between Pigeon Point and

Crown Point; collected by diving in 9-12 m; 12

April.

184. Hippolyte nicholsoni

188. Latreutes inermis

44-59. Tobago; river at Hermitage, about % km from

mouth; 12 April.

47. Macrobrachium crenulatum

48. Macrobrachium faustinum

48-59. West of Saint Vincent Island; from plankton tow

near surface; 13 April; 10:15 A.M.

22. Lucifer faxoni

51-59. Saint Lucia Island; Marigot Harbour; sandy shore

with some rock, coral, and Thalassia beds along

west side of peninsula on north side of bay; 14

April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

52-59. Saint Lucia Island; reef just south of Marigot Harbour; collected in 4-6 m; 14 April.

64. Neopontonides beaufortensis

184. Hippolyte nicholsoni

188. Latreutes inermis

53-59. Saint Lucia Island; Marigot Harbour; from outside surface and burrows of waterlogged, Teredoriddled stump about 3x2x 2 feet, just below

surface at low tide on sandy shore along west side

of peninsula on north side of bay; 14 April.

69. Periclimenaeus caraibicus

75. Periclimenes americanus

107. Gnathophylloides mineri

115. Alpheus armatus

200. Thor manningi

217. Stenopus hispidus

218. Stenopus scutellatus

56—59. Saint Lucia Island; Marigot Harbour; sandy

shore with some rock, coral, and Thalassia beds

along west side of peninsula on north side of bay;

15 ApriL

95. Pontonia mexicana

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

57-59. Saint Lucia Island; reef south of Marigot Harbour; collected in 2-3 m; 15 April.

77. Periclimenes bowmani

60-59. Saint Lucia Island; Pigeon Island; sand and

boulder flats inside, outside, and off end of breakwater north of Pigeon Island Club, 1-6 feet; 15

April.

115. Alpheus armatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

131. Alpheus nuttingi

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

64-59. Saint Lucia Island; off Pigeon Island; dredged

in 10-12 feet over sandy bottom with turtle-grass

patches; 16 April; 8:30-9:00 A.M.

17. Sicyonia parri

44. Leander tenuicornis

65-59. Saint Lucia Island; off north end of Pigeon

Island; collected by diving outside of reef; 16

April.

133. Alpheus peasei

142. Metalpheus rostratipes

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

163. Synalpheus mcclendoni

174. Thunor rathbunae

70-59. Dominica; Prince Rupert Bay; from subsurface

plankton tow in outer part of bay; 18 April; 5:30

P.M.

22. Lucifer faxoni

72-59. Dominica; west of Portsmouth; from Finlay mollusk trap set overnight in 275 m; 19 April.

79. Periclimenes finlayi

73-59. Dominica; Indian River about

 l/\ km from mouth;

19 April.
152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

27. Jonga serrei

28. Micratya poeyi

35. Xiphocaris elongate

75-59. Dominica; north end of Prince Rupert Bay;

among boulders, rocks, dead coral head, and few

Acropora just offshore in 1-1 Y% feet; 19 April;

4:00-6:00 P.M.

17. Sicyonia parri

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

130. Alpheus normanni

133. Alpheus peasei

142. Metalpheus rostratipes

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

200. Thor manningi

208. Processa fimbriata

76-59. Dominica; north end of Prince Rupert Bay; collected by diving in 3-6 feet off shingle beach; 19

April; 3:30-5:15 P.M.

216. MicToprosthema semilaeve

90-59. Barbuda; Dark Cave; 24 April.

33. Typhlatya monae

92-59. Barbuda; Oyster Pond Landing, west side of island;

from black sponge about 25 cm high and 45 cm in

diameter; 25 April.

152. Synalpheus brooksi

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

96-59. Barbuda; east side of Cocoa Point; collected from

grass beds with plankton net, Necdham scoop, etc.;

26 April.

44. Leander tenuicornis

98-59. Barbuda; "north" side of Cocoa Point; cracked

from dead coral and from living and dead Porites

clumps from a depth of 1—2 feet on reef close to

shore; 26 April.

44. Leander tenuicornis

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

187. Latreutes fucorum

200. Thor manningi

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

99-59. Barbuda; off Cocoa Point; dredged in 8 m near

anchorage; 26 April.

2. Metapenaeopsis goodei

12. Trachypeneopsis mobilispinis

102-59. Barbuda; east side of Cocoa Point; poisoned with

rotenone concentrate; 27 April.

41. Rhynchocinetes rigens

44. Leander tenuicornis

69. Periclimenaeus caraibicus

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

126. Alpheus formosus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

187. Latreutes fucorum

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

.102a-59. Barbuda; east side of Cocoa Point; from algae;

27 April.

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

173. Synalpheus townsendi

187. Latreutes fucorum

103-59. Barbuda; east side of Cocoa Point; washed from

grass growing in about 2'/i feet; 27 April.

44. Leander tenuicornis

187. Latreutes fucorum

104-59. Antigua Island; Freeman's Bay, English Harbour;

28 April; 4:30-5:00 P.M.

44. Leander tenuicornis

88. Periclimenes pedersoni

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

164. Synalpheus minus

187. Latreutes fucorum

200. Thor manningi

104a-59. Antigua Island; Freeman's Bay, English Harbour;

28 April; 11:30 A.M.-12:0 0 M.

88. Periclimenes pedersoni

105-59. Antigua Island; English Harbour; dockyard seawall; 29 April.

96. Pontonia miserabilis

148. Synalpheus apioceros

200. Thor manningi

109-59. Antigua Island; Falmouth Harbour; beach north

of Black's Point; from turtle grass in 2-3 feet;

30 April.

44. Leander tenuicornis

130. Alpheus normanni

183. Hippolyte curacaoensis

200. Thor manningi

110-59. Antigua Island; Falmouth Harbour; beach north

of Black's Point; cracked from rocks and coral;

30 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

126. Alpheus formosus

131. Alpheus nuttingi

135. Alpheus schmitti

112-59. Antigua Island; Falmouth Harbour; off Black's

Point; from turtle grass uprooted in 2-3 feet; 30

April.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

130. Alpheus normanni

132. Alpheus paracrinitus

200. Thor manningi
NUMBER 98 153

113-59. Antigua Island; Falmouth Harbour; reef off Blade's

Point; 30 April.

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

115. Alpheus armatus

184. Hippolyte nicholsoni

188. Latreutes inermis

197. Thor amboinensis

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

116-59. Antigua Island; Freeman's Bay, English Harbour;

from trap baited with crushed sea urchin; 2 May.

88. Periclimenes pedersoni

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

107. Gnathophylloides mineri

EXPEDITION OF MARCH TO MA Y 1960

17-60. Isla Mujeres; bay side of inlet in harbor between

larger island with oil tanks south of village and

smaller islet to north; grass flats, calcareous mud

(calcareous algae) in 1-3 feet; 30 March.

68. Periclimenaeus bredini

152. Synalpheus brooksi

199. Thor floridanus

26—60. Isla Mujeres; bay south of village, east of larger

island; dredged on grass bottom; 31 March.

2. Metapenaeopsis goodei

75. Periclimenes americanus

199. Thor floridanus

28—60. Isla Mujeres; bay side of inlet between two islands

south of village (near Station 17-60); from grass

and from vicinity of mangrove roots; 31 March.

152. Synalpheus brooksi

164. Synalpheus minus

169. Synalpheus pectiniger

199. Thor floridanus

29—60. Isla Mujeres; other (channel) side of inlet between

islands south of village; 2^- 3 feet of water; 31

March.

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

152. Synalpheus brooksi

199. Thor floridanus

29a-60. Isla Mujeres; bay side of inlet between two islands

south of village (near Station 17-60); 31 March;

P.M.

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

199. Thor floridanus

34—60. Isla de Cozumel; San Miguel; collected by diving in

7-11 m near anchorage northwest of main dock;

3 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

92. Periclimenes yucatanicus

95. Pontonia mexicana

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armittatus

133. Alpheus peasei

197. Thor amboinensis

208. Processa ftmbriata

35-60. Bahia del Espiritu Santo; anchorage in northern

end of outer bay, 4J4 km from shore; from white

sand bottom in 4/2 m; 5 April.

208. Processa fimbriata

41-60. Bahia del Espiritu Santo; west side of reef east of

anchorage; chiefly from upper portions of much

eroded coral standing in 3 m of water; 6 April.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

75. Periclimenes americanus

113. Alpheopsis trigonus

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

133. Alpheus peasei

142. Met alpheus rostratipes

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

146. Synalpheus anasimus

150. Synalpheus bousfieldi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

163. Synalpheus mcclendoni

164. Synalpheus minus

165. Synalpheus obtusifrons

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

174. Thunor rathbunae

189. Latreutes parvulus

200. Thor manningi

42-60. Bahia del Espiritu Santo; north shore near Punta

Holchecat; from edge of mangroves in 54-4 feet

of water; 6 April.

44. Leander tenuicornis

43-60. Bahia del Espiritu Santo; north shore near Punta

Holchecat; from vicinity of mangroves; 6 April.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

45-60. Bahia de la Ascension; Punta Nicchehabin; along

shore on both sides of light; 7 April.

164. Synalpheus minus

47-60. Isla de Cozumel; north end of island; from sandy

beach and grass flat with clumps of calcareous and

green algae, 2-3 feet; 8 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

137. Alpheus viridari

152. Synalpheus brooksi

199. Thor floridanus

48-60. Isla de Cozumel; north end of island; about 90 m

north of sandy beach, in 3-5 m; 8 April.

152. Synalpheus brooksi

169. Synalpheus pectiniger

173. Synalpheus townsendi

51-60. Isla de Cozumel; near lighthouse at Punta Molas;

from coral rock and splash pools from above hightide line to depth of 2 m; 9 April.

142. Met alpheus rostratipes

152. Synalpheus brooksi

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

169. Synalpheus pectiniger

173. Synalpheus townsendi

52-60. Bahia de la Ascensi6n; just behind center of Ar-
154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

recife Nicchehabin; on and under coral in 1-5

feet; 10 April.

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

114. Alpheus amblyonyx

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

133. Alpheus peasei

142. Metalpheus rostratipes

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

162. Synalpheus longicarpus

164. Synalpheus minus

165. Synalpheus obtusifrons

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

173. Synalpheus townsendi

192. Lysmata intermedia

200. Thor manningi

53-60. Bahia de la Ascensi6n; cove across (south side of)

peninsula on which light is situated; from dead

mangroves and living and dead mangrove roots;

10 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

137. Alpheus viridari

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

200. Thor manningi

60-60. Bahia de la Ascension; behind Punta Nicchehabin

light; margin of mangrove swamp adjoining last

sandy beach; 12 April; 10:30-11:40 A.M.

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

66. Periclimenaeus atlanticus

69. Periclimenaeus caraibicus

75. Periclimenes americanus

102. Typton distinctus

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

199. Thor floridanus

62-60. Bahia de la Ascension; Punta Nicchehabin light to

4/5 km northward; collected along beach and

shore to depth of 1 foot; 13 April; 10:30 A.M. -

12:00 M.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

125. Alpheus floridanus

64-60. Bahia de la Ascension; lagoon behind Punta Nicchehabin light; 13 April; 10:30 A.M. and 1:00

P.M.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

65-60. Bah'a de la Ascension; shore in front of Punta

Nicchehabin light; seined in 2 feet or less; 13

April; 11:30 A.M.- 12:00 M.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

8. Penaeus (Melicertus) duorarum notialis

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

75. Periclimenes americanus

125. Alpheus floridanus

137. Alpheus viridari

66-60. Bah'a de la Ascension; edge of mangroves about

l

/i km west of Punta Nicchehabin light; seined in

2 feet or less; 13 April; 1:00 P.M.

44. Leander tenuicornis

75. Periclimenes americanus

137. Alpheus viridari

186. Hippolyte zostericola

199. Thor floridanus

201. Tozeuma carolinense

67-60. Bahia de la Ascension; behind central part of Arrecife Nicchehabin; from coral pieces and flats in

1-3 feet; 13 April; 3:30-4:30 P.M.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

90. Periclimenes rathbunae

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

133. Alpheus peasei

134. Alpheus ridleyi

142. Metalpheus rostratipes

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

148. Synalpheus apioceros

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

164. Synalpheus minus

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

173. Synalpheus townsendi

174. Thunor rathbunae

200. Thor manningi

208. Processa fimbriata

68-60. Bahia de la Ascensi6n; behind Punta Nicchehabin

light; from margin of mangrove swamp adjoining

last sandy beach; 13 April; 10:30-11:40 A.M.

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

117. Alpheus bahamensis

186. Hippolyte zostericola

200. Thor manningi

69-60. Bahia de la Ascension; behind Punta Nicchehabin

light; margin of mangrove swamp adjoining last

sandy beach; collected by sweeping net through

grass and associated algae; 13 April.

186. Hippolyte zostericola

198. Thor dobkini

199. Thor floridanus

70-60. Bahia de la Ascension; mangrove inlet behind

Punta Nicchehabin light; poisoned with two gallons of rotenone; 14 April; 10:00 A.M.- 1:00 P.M.

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

137. Alpheus viridari

72-60. Bahia de la Ascension; behind central part of Arrecife Nicchehabin, 4-6 feet; 14 April; 4:30-

5:00P.M .

42. Brachycarpus biunguiculatus

75. Periclimenes americanus

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

115. Alpheus armatus

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

145. Salmoneus ortmanni
NUMBER 9 8 155

148. Synalpheus apioceros

152. Synalpheus brooksi

157. Synalpheus jritzmuelleri

163. Synalpheus mcclendoni

164. Synalpheus minus

168. Synalpheus paraneptunus

170. Synalpheus rathbunae

173. Synalpheus townsendi

200. Thor manningi

208. Processa fimbriata

218. Stenopus scutellatus

76-60. Bahia de la Ascension; shore of small bay behind

"Halfway Point," between Punta Nicchehabin and

Vigia Chico; turtle-grass on heavy calcareous clay

bottom in 1 foot; 15 April; 2:30-3:30 P.M.

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

77-60. Bahia de la Ascension; shore just east of "Halfway

Point," between Punta Nicchehabin and Vigia

Chico; turtle-grass flats, sandy beaches, and mangrove roots on very fine sandy mud to coarser shell

sand; 15 April; 3:30-4:30 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

116. Alpheus armillatus

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

152. Synalpheus brooksi

169. Synalpheus pectiniger

173. Synalpheus townsendi

186. Hippolyte zostericola

192. Lysmata intermedia

195. Lysmata wurdemanni

198. Thor dobkini

199. Thor floridanus

200. Thor manningi

78-60. Bahia de la Ascension; small slough or embayment

in mangrove swamp; poisoned with rotenone; 15

April.

51. Palaemon (Palaeander) northropi

54. Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) intermedius

81-60. Bahia de la Ascension; near second anchorage at

northern end of outer part of bay; from 5J/a m;

16 April.

75. Periclimenes americanus

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

200. Thor manningi

217. Stenopus hispidus

82-60. Bahia de la Ascension; behind central part of Arrecife Nicchehabin; 2-5 feet; 16 April; 4:00-5:00

P.M.

107. Gnathophylloides mineri

114. Alpheus amblyonyx

116. Alpheus armillatus

126. Alpheus formosus

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

148. Synalpheus apioceros

173. Synalpheus townsendi

83-60. Bahia de la Ascension; mangrove inlet behind

Punta Nicchehabin light; seined; 16 April.

55. Palaemonetes (Palaemonetes) octaviae

114. Alpheus amblyonyx

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

199. Thor floridanus

85-60. Bahia de la Ascension; near Punta Soliman; from

rocks above high-tide line to rocks and tide pools

just below low-tide level; 17 April; 11:30 A.M. -

3:00 P.M.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

16. Sicyonia laevigata

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

126. Alpheus formosus

133. Alpheus peasei

139. Automate gardineri

142. Metalpheus rostratipes

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

157. Synalpheus fritzmuelleri

195. Lysmata wurdemanni

208. Processa fimbriata

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

217. Stenopus hispidus

87-60. Bahia de la Ascension; about 200-300 m southwest

of Punta Soliman; sand shallows in 2-5 feet; 17

April; 12:00 M.-3:3 0 P.M.

75. Periclimenes americanus

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

187. Latreutes fucorum

208. Processa fimbriata

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

89-60. Bahia de la Ascension; at and near Punta Nicchehabin light; collected along shore in less than 1

foot; 18 April; 9:00-11:00 A.M.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

137. Alpheus viridari

199. Thor floridanus

91-60. Bahia de la Ascension; inner side of Arrecife Nicchehabin Ys of distance from north end; bottom

covered with turtle-grass, conchs, and Porites

clumps; 18 April; 2:00-4:00 P.M.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

75. Periclimenes americanus

114. Alpheus amblyonyx

116. Alpheus armillatus

130. Alpheus normanni

140. Automate rectifrons

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

148. Synalpheus apioceros

152. Synalpheus brooksi

173. Synalpheus townsendi

199. Thor floridanus

218. Stenopus scutellatus

93-60. Bahia de la Ascension; near "Halfway Point," between Punta Nicchehabin and Vigia Chico; from

turtle grass, sandy beach, and submerged roots of

trees; 18 April; 3:30-4:30 P.M.

7. Penaeus (Melicertus) brasiliensis

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis
156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

95-60. Bahia de la Ascension; Punta Soliman to 300 m

southwest; shore, reef flats, and sand flats; 5 feet;

19 April; 10:00 A.M.-3:0 0 P.M.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

116. Alpheus armillatus

117. Alpheus bahamensis

123. Alpheus cristulifrons

126. Alpheus formosus

133. Alpheus peasei

145. Salmoneus ortmanni

146. Synalpheus anasimus

195. Lysmata wurdemanni

208. Processa fimbriata

216. Microprosthema semilaeve

217. Stenopus hispidus

100-60. Isla de Cozumel; north of Punta Santa Maria;

from shore and turtle-grass flats; 21 April; 3:00—

5:00 P.M.

5. Metapenaeopsis smithi

66. Periclimenaeus atlanticus

75. Periclimenes americanus

130. Alpheus normanni

199. Thor florid anus

106-60. Isla de Cozumel; Punta Santa Maria and slightly

eastward; from along shore in less than 2 feet;

22 April; 9:30-11:30 A.M.

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

137. Alpheus viridari

164. Synalpheus minus

109-60. Isla de Cozumel; 2 km north of Punta Santa Maria; from shore, stakes in water, and roots of black

mangroves; 22 April; 10:30-11:30 A.M.

108. Gnathophyllum americanum

164. Synalpheus minus

115-60. Isla de Cozumel; 2/5 km northeast of San Miguel

pier; from rocks along shore in front of military

reservation barracks; 29 April; 3:00-5:00 P.M.

133. Alpheus peasei

134. Alpheus ridleyi

148. Synalpheus apioceros

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Index to Scientific Names

(Italic page references indicate principal accounts. Cross-references indicate most synonyms,

whether or not cited in text. Subgeneric names included only if treated separately in text.

Station List not indexed.)

acanthurus, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Macrobrachium, 19 (key), 20

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

acerosa, Pseudopterogorgia, 113, 118, 122, 124

Acetes, 12

americanus, 12

americanus carolinae—see A. americanus, 12

americanus limonensis—see A. americanus, 12

americanus louisianensis—see A. americanus, 12

brasiliensis—see A. americanus, 12

carolinae—see A. americanus, 12

carolinae louisianensis—see A. americanus, 12

acicularis, Lucifer—see L. typus, 13

Actinia bermudensis, 32

acuminata, Hippolyte—see H. coerulescens, // /

acuminatus, Hippolyte—see H. coerulescens, 111

Virbius—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 111

acutocarinatus, Alpheus, 67

advena, Brachycarpus—see B. biunguiculatus, 18

aequalis, Aipheopsis, 56

Aequipecten, 39

affinis, Leander—see Palaemon northropi, 21

Lucifer—see L. faxoni, 12

Palaemon—see P. northropi, 21

africana, Alpheus floridanus—see A. floridanus, 65

africanus, Alpheus, 67

Alpheus floridanus—see A. floridanus, 65

Agassizi, Coralliocaris—see Coutierea agassizi, 25

agassizi, Coutierea, 25

Penaeopsis—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

Aglaope—see Lysmata, 124

Alciope—see Pontonia, 39

Allocaris—see Palaemonetes, 21

Alphaeidae—see Alpheidae, 53

alphaerostris, Ogyrides, 105 (key), 106

Ogyris—see Ogyrides alphaerostris, 106

Alphaeus—see Alpheus, 57

heterochaelis—see Alpheus heterochaelis, 67

Alpheadae—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheana—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheas simus—see Alpheus simus, 73

AIph6ens—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheidae, 6 (key), 53

Alpheidea—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheidi—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheinae—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheinus—see Synalpheus, 79

Alphens—see Alpheus, 57

Alpheodes—see Alpheus, 57

Alpheoides—see Alpheus, 57

Aipheopsis, 54, 57

aequalis, 56

hummelincki—see Neoalpheopsis hummelincki, 78

labis, 54 (key), 55 (fig. 15)

trigonus, 54 (key), 56

Alpheuidae—see Alpheidae, 53

Alpheus, 54 (key), 57, 78, 105

acutocarinatus, 67

africanus, 67

amblyonyx, 58 (key), 59, 60 (fig. 16), 62

arenensis, 69

armatus, 57 (key), 62

armillatus, 59 (key), 62, 68, 73

ascensionis—see A. paracrinitus, 69

bahamensis, 58 (key), 63

barbadensis, 58 (key), 63

beanii, 59 (key), 63

belli, 58 (key), 63

bengalensis—see A. paracrinitus, 69

bermudensis—see A. normanni, 68

bispinosus—see A. heterochaelis, 67

bouvieri, 59 (key), 63, 64

bouvieri var. chilensis, 64

candei, 58 (key), 64, 69

chilensis, 64

clippertoni—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

cristulifrons, 58 (key), 64

cylindricus, 57 (key), 65

fagei, 69

floridanus, 59 (key), 65 (figs. 17, 18), 66 (figs. 19, 20),

67

floridanus africana—see A. floridanus, 65

floridanus africanus—see A. floridanus, 65

floridanus floridanus—see A. floridanus, 65

formosus, 58 (key), 67

glaber, 67

heterochaelis, 59 (key), 67, 68

heterochelas—see A. heterochaelis, 67

heterocheles—see A. heterochaelis, 67

heterochelis—see A. heterochaelis, 67

165
166 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

hippothoe var. bahamensis—see A. bahamensis, 63

hippothoe var. edamensis, 63

huikau—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

intrinsecus, 57 (key), 68

lancirostris—see A. armillatus, 62

lepidus, 67

leviusculus, 63, 64

lutarius—see A. heterochaelis, 67

macrocheles, 59, 62

malleator, 57, 58 (key), 68, 69

malleator var. edentatus, 69

minor—see Synalpheus minus, 95

minus—see Synalpheus minus, 95

nanus—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

nigrospinatus, 69

normanni, 59 (key), 68

nuttingi, 59 (key), 68

obesomanus, 64

packardii—see A. normanni, 68

paracrinitus, 59 (key), 69

paracrinitus var. bengalensis—see A. paracrinitus, 69

paragracilis, 78

peasei, 58 (key), 69

platycheirus, 67

poeyi—see A. formosus, 67

pugilator—see A. malleator, 68

rapacida, 67

rathbunae—see Thunor rathbunae, 104

ridleyi, 58 (key), 69

rostratipes, 78

saulcyi—see Synalpheus minus, 95

saulcyi var. brevicarpus—see Synalpheus minus, 95

schmitti, 59 (key), 70 (fig. 21), 72 (fig. 22), 73

simus, 57 (key), 73, 77

talismani, 67

tuberculosus—see A. malleator, 68

vanderbilti—see A. cylindricus, 65

viridari, 59 (key), 62, 68, 73

websteri—see A. formosus, 67

Alphheus—see Alpheus, 57

Alphidia—see Alpheidae, 53

Alphous—see Alpheus, 57

Ambidexter, 142

symmetricus, 142

amblyonyx, Alpheus, 58 (key), 59, 60 (fig. 16), 62

amboinensis, Hippolyte, 132

Thor, 129 (key), 130, 131 (fig. 55), 132, (fig. 56), 133,

140

americana, Anchistia—see Periclimenes americanus, 31

Caridina—see Potimirim americana, 15

Ortmannia—see Potimirim americana, 75

Potimirim, 14 (key), 15

Pseudopterogoria, 113, 118, 122, 124

Sicyonia carinata—see S. laevigata, //

americanum, Gnathophyllum, 53

americanus, Acetes, 12

Oplophorus—see Xiphocaris elongata, 16

Periclimenes, 29, 30 (key), 31

americanus carolinae, Acetes—see A. americanus, 12

limonensis, Acetes—see A. americanus, 12

louisianensis, Acetes—see A. americanus, 12

Amphibetaeus, 73

simus—see Alpheus simus, 73

Amphipalaemon—see Anchistioides, 24

anacanthopus, Automate, 77

anasimus, Synalpheus, 3, 79 (key), 82 (fig. 25), 83 (fig. 26),

84 (fig. 27), 85 (fig. 28)

anceps, Synalpheus, 102

Anchista—see Periclimenes, 29

anchisteus, Lysmata, 125, 126 (fig. 53), 127 (fig. 54)

Anchistia—see Periclimenes, 29

americana—see Periclimenes americanus, 31

tenella—see Periclimenes tenellus, 38

Anchistioides, 18 (key), 24

antiguensis, 24

Anchistioididae—see Pontoniinae, 24

Anchistioidinae—see Pontoniinae, 24

Anchystia—see Periclimenes, 29

Ancyclocaris—see Periclimenes, 29

Ancylocaris—see Periclimenes, 29

androsi, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 86

Angasia—see Tozeuma, 141

carolinensis—see Tozeuma carolinense, 141

cornuta—see Tozeuma cornutum, 141

angustipes, Synalpheus herricki—see S. herricki, 93

annulata, Bartholomea, 31, 32, 38, 39, 62, 130

anoplonyx, Latreutes, 124

anthophilus, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 32, 38

antiguensis, Anchistioides, 24

Barbouria, 107, 108 (fig. 40), 109 (fig. 41)

Periclimenes—see Anchistioides antiguensis, 24

antillarum, Diadema, 46

antillensis, Pseudocoutierea, 43, 44 (fig. 11), 45

Synalpheus minus—see S. minus, 95

Antonomea—see Alpheus, 57

apioceros, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 86

desteroensis, Synalpheus, 86

leiopes, Synalpheus—see S. apioceros, 86

mayaguensis, Synalpheus—see S. apioceros, 86

approxima, Synalpheus longicarpus—see S. longicarpus, 93

appuni, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

Appuni, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

Archipenaeopsis—see Metapenaeopsis, 7

vestitus—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

arenensis, Alpheus, 69

Arethusa—see Automate, 73

argentinus, Palaemonetes, 23

armatus, Alpheus, 57 (key), 62

Crangon—see Alpheus armatus, 62

armillatus, Alpheus, 59 (key), 62, 68, 73

Crangon—see Alpheus armillatus, 62

Arno—see Lysmata, 124

arubae, Jousseaumea—see Salmoneus arubae, 79

Salmoneus, 78 (key), 79

ascensionis, Alpheus—see A. paracrinitus, 69

ascidiarum, Periclimenaeus, 25 (key), 26
NUMBER 9 8 167

asper, Palaemon—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

Asphalius—see Alpheus, 57

Astacus carcinus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

coerulescens—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 777

jamaicensis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

major—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

murkatus—-see Stenopus hispidus, 144

Nasoscopus—Atya innocous, 14

Astrophyton, 39

muricatum, 38

Ataya—see Atya, 14

margaritacea—see Atya scabra, 14

Athanas ortmanni—see Salmoneus ortmanni, 79

Atia—see Atya, 14

atlantica, Coralliocaris—see Periclimenaeus atlanticus, 26

atlanticus, Discias, 16 (key), 17

Periclimenaeus, 26

Atrina, 39

Attidae—see Atyidae, 13

Atya, 13 (key), 14

innocous, 14

lanipes, 14

margaritacea—see A. scabra, 14

mexicana—see A. scabra, 14

occidentalis—-see A. innocous, 14

Poeyi—see Micratya poeyi, 14

punctata—see A. scabra, 14

robusta—see A. innocous, 14

scabra, 14

Atyadea—see Atyidae, 13

Atyia—see Atya, 14

occidentalis—see Atya innocous, 14

scabra—see Atya scabra, 14

Atyidae, 6 (key), 13

Atyinae—see Atyidae, 13

Atyoida glabra—see Potimirim glabra, 15

Atyoidees—see Atyidae, 13

Atys—see Atya, 14

scaber—see Atya scabra, 14

augustipes, Synalpheus herricki—see S. herricki, 93

Automata—see Automate, 73

Automate, 54 (key), 73

anacanthopus, 77

branchialis, 77

dolichognatha, 74, 77

evermanni, 74, 77

gardineri, 73 (key), 74, 75 (fig. 23), 77

haightae, 74, 77

johnsoni, 77

kingsleyi, 74, 77

rectifrons, 74 (key), 75, 76 (fig. 24), 77

rugosa, 74, 77

salomoni, 77

talismani, 74, 77

Automea—see Alpheus, 57

Automomea—see Alpheus, 57

Autonomaea—see Alpheus, 57

Autonomaeidae—see Alpheidae, 53

Autonomea—see Alpheus, 57

aztecus, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Palaemon jamaicensis f.—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

aztecus subtilis, Penaeus, 8

bahamensis, Alpheus, 58 (key), 63

Alpheus hippothoe var.—see A. bahamensis, 63

Crangon—see Alpheus bahamensis, 63

bahiensis, Synalpheus minus—see S. minus, 95

Balssiola—see Micratya, 14

barahonensis, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 86

barbadensis, Alpheus, 58 (key), 63

Crangon—see Alpheus barbadensis, 63

Periclimenes—see Anchistioides antiguensis, 24

Barbouria, 106 (key), 107, 110

antiguensis, 707, 108 (fig. 40), 109 (fig. 41), 110

cubensis, 107 (key), 710

poeyi—see B. cubensis, 110

Bartholomea, 32, 140, 144

annulata, 31, 32, 38, 39, 62, 130

batei, Lucifer—see L. typus, 13

beanii, Alpheus, 59 (key), 63

beaufortensis, Neopontonides, 25

Periclimenes—see Neopontonides beaufortensis, 25

Pontonides—see Neopontonides beaufortensis, 25

belli, Alpheus, 58 (key), 63

Bellidia—see Hippolyte, 110

bengalensis, Alpheus—see A. paracrinitus, 69

Alpheus paracrinitus var.—see A. paracrinitus, 69

Crangon paracrinita var.—see Alpheus paracrinitus, 69

bermudensis, Actinia, 32

Alpheus—see A. normanni, 68

Hippolyte pleuracantha, 121

Leptochela, 76

Nika—see Processa bermudensis, 143

Periclimenaeus, 25 (key), 26

Periclimenes—see Periclimenaeus bermudensis, 143, and

Periclimenes americanus, 37

Processa, 142 (key), 143

Processa canaliculata var.—see P. bermudensis, 143

bidentatus, Hippolyte—see H. coerulescens, 777

bispinosus, Alpheus—see A. heterochaelis, 67

Bithynis acanthurus—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

appuni—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

aztecus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

faustinus—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

forceps—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

jamaicensis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

jelskii—see Macrobrachium jelskii, 20

montezumae—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

savignyi—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

spinimanus—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

biunguiculatus, Brachycarpus, 18

Calmania—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

Palaemon—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

Bizenus-—see Stenopus, 144

boreal is, Pandalus, 140
168 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Penaeus—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

bousfieldi, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 86, 87 (fig. 29), 88 (fig.

30), 89

bouvieri, Alpheus, 59 (key), 63, 64

Crangon—see Alpheus bouvieri, 63

bouvieri var. chilensis, Alpheus, 64

bowmani, Periclimenes, 31 (key), 32, 33 (fig. 6), 34 (fig. 7)

Brachicarpus—see Brachycarpus, 18

Brachycarpus, 17 (key), 18

advena—see B. biunguiculatus, 18

biunguiculatus, 18

holthuisi, 18

neapolitanus—see B. biunguiculatus, 18

savignyi—see B. biunguiculatus, 18

brachydactylus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

brachylabis, Palaemon—see P. northropi, 21

Brachyrarpus—see Brachycarpus, 18

branchialis, Automate, 77

brasiliana, Potimirim—see P. glabra, 15

brasiliensis, Acetes—see A. americanus, 12

Penaeus, 8 (key), 9

braziliensis, Penaeus—see P. brasiliensis, 9

bredini, Periclimenaeus, 3, 26, 27 (fig. 5), 28

brevicarpus, Alpheus saulcyi var.—see Synalpheus minus, 95

Palemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Synalpheus, 95, 97 (fig. 35), 98, 99

brevicarpus guerini, Synalpheus—see S. minus, 95

brevifrons, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 89 90 (fig. 31), 91 (fig.

32), 92, 93

brevirostris, Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia brevirostris, 11

Sicyonia, 10 (key), //

Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 16

Xiphocaris elongata—see X. elongata, 16

brooksi, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 92

brooksi eleutherae, Synalpheus—see S. brooksi, 92

strepsiceros, Synalpheus—see S. brooksi, 92

burkenroadi, Sicyonia, 10 (footnote)

Byzenus—see Stenopus, 144

calcis, Palaemonetes—see Troglocubanus calcis, 24

Troglocubanus, 24

Calmania—see Brachycarpus, 18, and Micratya, 14

biunguiculatus—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

Poeyi—see Micratya poeyi, 14

camerani, Coralliocaris—see Pontonia margarita, 39

cameronensis, Penaeus duorarum var.—see P. duorarum notialis, 9

canaliculata var. bermudensis, Processa—see P. bermudensis,

143

Cancer Carcinus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

coerulescens—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 111

Innocous—see Atya innocous, 14

Jamaicensis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

longipes—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

candei, Alpheus, 58 (key), 64, 69

caraibicus, Periclimenaeus, 25 (key),28

carcinus, Astacus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Macrobrachium, 19 (key), 20

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Carcinus, Cancer—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

caribaea, Synalpheus fritzmuelleri—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

Synalpheus fritzmiilleri var.—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

Carida—see Caridea, 13

Caridea, 6 (key), 13

Carides—see Caridea, 13

Caridina americana—see Potimirim americana, 15

mexicana—see Potimirim mexicana, 15

Caridomorpha—see Caridea, 13

carinata, Leptochela, 16

Tropiometra, 34

carinata americana, Sicyonia—see S. laevigata, //

carinus, Macrobrachium—see M. carcinus, 20

carneus, Typton, 46, 47 (fig. 12), 49, 51, 52

carolinae, Acetes—see A. americanus, 12

Acetes americanus—see A. americanus, 12

carolinae louisianensis, Acetes—see A. americanus, 12

carolinense, Tozeuma, 141

carolinensis, Angasia—see Tozeuma carolinense, 141

Synalpheus fritzmuelleri—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

Synalpheus fritzmiilleri var.—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

Tozeuma—see T. carolinense, 141

carteri, Palaemonetes, 22

Ceratopenaeus—see Metapenaeopsis, 7

Chiereghina—see Processa, 142

chilensis, Alpheus, 64

Alpheus bouvieri var., 64

circellum, Gnathophyllum, 53

clausi, Lucifer—see L. typus, 13

clippertoni, Alpheus—see Metalpheus rotratipes, 78

Crangon hawaiiensis—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

Clyclorhynchus—see Latreutes, 121

coerulescens, Astacus—see Hippolyte coerulescens, // /

Cancer—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 111

Hippolyte, /// , 112 (fig. 42), 113 (fig. 43)

commensalis, Hippolyte, 118

Conchodytes domestica—see Pontonia domestica, 39

domesticus—see Pontonia domestica, 39

margarita—see Pontonia margarita, 39

Conchordia—see Latreutes, 121

Concordia—see Latreutes, 121

gibberosa—see Latreutes parvulus, 124

Condylactis gigantea, 32, 39, 130

constrictus, Parapenaeus—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

Penaeus—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

Trachypenaeus, 9

Trachypeneus—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

constrictus var. similis, Parapenaeus—see Trachypenaeus

similis, 9

Trachypeneus—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

corallinus, Pomagnathus, 78

Coralliocaris Agassizi—see Coutierea agassizi, 25

atlantica—see Periclimenaeus atlanticus, 26

camerani—see Pontonia margarita, 39

pearsei—see Periclimenaeus pearsei, 29

wilsoni—see Periclimenaeus wilsoni, 29

Corallocaris perlatus—see Periclimenaeus perlatus, 29
NUMBER 98 169

Corniger—see Periclimenes, 29

cornuta, Angasia—see Tozeuma cornutum, 141

cornutum, Tozeuma, 141

Coutierea, 18 (key), 25

agassizi, 25

Coutierella—see Palaemonetes, 21

Crachycarpus—see Brachycarpus, 18

Cragon—see Alpheus, 57

Crangon annatus—see Alpheus armatus, 62

armillatus—see Alpheus artnillatus, 62

bahamensis—see Alpheus bahamensis, 63

barbadensis—see Alpheus barbadensis, 63

bouvieri—see Alpheus bouvieri, 63

cristulifrons—see Alpheus cristulifrons, 64

cylindricus—see Alpheus cylindricus, 65

floridanus—see Alpheus floridanus, 65

formosus—see Alpheus formosus, 67

hawaiiensis clippertoni—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

heterochaelis—see Alpheus heterochaelis, 67

intrinsecus—see Alpheus intrinsecus, 68

macrocheles—see Alpheus amblyonyx, 59

malleator—see Alpheus malleator, 68

nanus—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

nigrospinatus—see Alpheus ridleyi, 69

normanni—see Alpheus normanni, 68

nuttingi—see Alpheus nuttingi, 68

packardii—see Alpheus normanni, 68

paracrinita—see Alpheus paracrinitus, 69

paracrinita var. bengalensis—see Alpheus paracrinitus, 69

peasei—see Alpheus peasei, 69

rathbunae—see Thunor rathbunae, 104

rostratipes—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

togatus—see Alpheus paracrinitus, 69

verrilli—see Alpheus armillatus, 62

viridari—see Alpheus viridari, 73

Creaseria, 18

crenulatum, Macrobrachium, 20

crinoidalis, Periclimenes, 31 (key), 35

Criptophtalmus—see Alpheus, 57

Cristiger—see Periclimenes, 29

cristulifrons, Alpheus, 58 (key), 64

Crangon—see Alpheus cristulifrons, 64

Cryptoleander—see Leander, 19

Cryptophalmus—see Alpheus, 57

Cryptophtalmus—see Alpheus, 57

Cryptophthalmus—see Alpheus, 57

Cryptopthalmus—see Alpheus, 57

Cuapetes—see Periclimenes, 29

cubanus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

cubensis, Barbouria, 107 (key), 110

Hippolysmata—see Barbouria cubensis, 110

Leander—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

Palaemon—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

Palaemonetes—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

Gubensis, Hippolyte—see Barbouria cubensis, 110

curacaoensis, Hippolyte, 111, 113, 114 (fig. 44), 115 (fig.

45), 121

Synalpheus, 81 (key), 92

Cyclorhynchus—see Latreutes, 121

cylindricus, Alpheus, 57 (key), 65

Crangon—see Alpheus cylindricus, 65

dasydactylus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Dennisia—see Periclimenes, 29

dentata, Lysmata, 110

Desmocarid£s—see Palaemoniae, 18

Desmocaridinae—see Palaemoninae, 18

desterroensis, Synalpheus apioceros, 86

Diadema antillarum, 46

Dienecia—see Alpheus, 57

dimidiatus, Synalpheus herricki—see S. herricki, 93

Disciadidae, 6 (key), 16

Discias, 16

atlanticus, 16 (key), 17

serratirostris, 16 (key), 17

Discidae—see Disciadidae, 16

Disciidae—see Disciadidae, 76

discosomatis, Thor, 132

disparodigitus, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 92

distinctus, Typton, 46 (key), 49, 50 (fig. 13), 51 (fig. 14),

52

dobkini, Thor, 130 (key), 133, 134 (fig. 57), 135, 136, 137

dolichognatha, Automate, 74, 77

domestica, Conchodytes—see Pontonia domestica, 39

Pontonia, 39

domesticus, Conchodytes—see Pontonia domestica, 39

dominicensis, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 92

dorsalis, Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia dorsalis, 11

Sicyonia, 10 (key), //

Drimo—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Drimoidae—see Gnathophyllidae, 52

duorarum notialis, Penaeus, 8 (key), 9

edamensis, Alpheus hippothoe var., 63

edentatus, Alpheus malleator var., 69

edwardsii, Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia typica, //

Sicyonia—see S. typica, //

eigenmanni, Palaemonetes—see Troglocubanus eigenmanni,

24

Troglocubanus, 24

elegans, Pseudocoutierea, 45

eleutherae, Synalpheus brooksi—see S. brooksi, 92

elongata, Xiphocaris, 16

elongata brevirostris, Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 16

gladiator, Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 16

intermedia, Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 76

typica, Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 16

elongatus, Hippolyte—see Xiphocaris elongata, 16

Oplophorus—see Xiphocaris elongata, 16

Synalpheus fritzmuelleri—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

Synalpheus fritzmiilleri, var.—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

Embryocaris—see Stenopus, 144

stylicauda—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

ensiferus, Hippolyte—see Latreutes fucorum, 121

Latreutes—see L. fucorum, 121

Eretmocaris—see Lysmata, 124
170

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

erraticus, Leander—see L. tenuicornis, 19

Erythropenaeus—see Metapenaeopsis, 7

esculentus, Tripneustes, 52

Euatya—see Atya, 14

Eucipidea—see Caridea, 13

Eucyphidae—see Caridea, 13

Eucyphidea—see Caridea, 13

Eucyphotes—see Caridea, 13

Eucyphydea—-see Caridea, 13

Eukyphoter—see Caridea, 13

Eukyphotes—see Caridea, 13

Eupalaemon—see Macrobrachium, 19

Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia, 10

brevirostris—see Sicyonia brevirostris, 11

dorsalis—see Sicyonia dorsalis, //

edwardsii—see Sicyonia typica, //

laevigata—see Sicyonia laevigata, //

parri—see Sicyonia parri, / /

stimpsoni—see Sicyonia stimpsoni, //

Eusicyoninae—-see Sicyoniinae, 10

Evatya—see Atya, 14

evermanni, Automate, 74, 77

Exhippolysmata, 106 (key), 110

oplophoroides, 110

exilirostrata, Hippolyte, 113

extentus, Synalpheus pandionis—see S. pandionis, 102

fagei, Alpheus, 69

Falciger—see Periclimenes, 29

fasciolatum, Gnathophyllum—see G. americanum, 53

faustinum, Macrobrachium, 20

faustinus, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

Faustinus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

faxoni, Lucifer, 12, 13

filidigitus, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 92

fimbriata, Processa, 142 (key), 143

finlayi, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 35, 36 (fig. 8)

floridanus, Alpheus, 59 (key), 65 (figs. 17, 18), 66 (figs. 19,

20), 67

Alpheus floridanus—see A. floridanus, 65

Crangon—see Alpheus floridanus, 65

Palaemon, 21

Thor, 3, 130 (key), 135, 136 (fig. 58), 137

floridanus africana, Alpheus—see A. floridanus, 65

africanus, Alpheus, —see A. floridanus, 65

floridanus, Alpheus—see A. floridanus, 65

forceps, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Leptalpheus, 73, 77

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

formosus, Alpheus, 67

Crangon—see Alpheus formosus, 67

fritzmuelleri, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 86, 92

fritzmuelleri caribaea, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

carolinensis, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

elongatus, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmiilleri, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmiilleri var. caribaea, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri,

92

var. carolinensis, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

var. elongatus, Synalpheus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fucorum, Latreutes, 121

Palaemon—see Latreutes fucorum, 121

garciai, Typhlatya, 15

gardineri, Automate, 73 (key), 74, 75 (fig. 23), 77

gerardoi, Metapenaeopsis, 7

gibarensis, Palaemonetes—see Troglocubanus gibarensis, 24

Troglocubanus, 24

gibberosa, Concordia—see Latreutes parvulus, 124

gigantea, Condylactis, 32, 39, 130

glaber, Alpheus, 67

glabra, Atyoida—see Potimirim glabra, 15

Potimirim, 15

gladiator, Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 16

Xiphocaris elongata—see X. elongata, 16

gladiator var. intermedia, Xiphocaris—see X. elongata, 16

Gnathophillum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnathophyllidae, 6 (key), 52

Gnathophyllinae—see Gnathophyllidae, 52

Gnathophyllium—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnathophylloides, 52

mineri, 52

gnathophylloides, Typton, 46 (key), 52

Gnathophyllum, 52 (key), 53

americanum, 53

circellum, 53

fasciolatum—see G. americanum, 53

minuscularium—see G. americanum, 53

modestum, 53

pallidum—see G. americanum, 53

splendens, 53

tridens—see G. americanum, 53

zebra—see G. americanum, 53

Gnathophylum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnathoptylus—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnathopyllum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnatophillum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnatophilum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

Gnatophyllum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

goodei, Metapenaeopsis, 7

Metapenaeus—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Metapeneus—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Parapenaeus—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Penaeopsis—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Synalpheus, 81 (key), 93

grabhami, Hippolysmata—see Lysmata grabhami, 128

Lysmata, 125 (key), 128

grampusi, Synalpheus, 102, 103

grandis, Nemaster, 35

Grangon—see Alpheus, 57

grayi, Pontonia—see P. mexicana, 39, and P. miserabilis, 40

Groenlandica, Squilla—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

Guathophyllum—see Gnathophyllum, 53

guerini, Synalpheus brevicarpus—see S. minus, 95

guyanae, Processa, 143
NUMBER 98 171

haightae, Automate, 74, 77

Halopsyche—see Alpheus, 57

lutarius—see Alpheus heterochaelis, 67

Hamiger—see Periclimenaeus, 25

Harpilius, 29

harringtoni, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 37

harttii, Xiphopeneus—see Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, 10

hawaiiensis clippertoni, Crangon—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

Hectarthropidae—see Processidae, 142

Hectarthropus—see Processa, 142

helianthus, Stoichactis, 128

hemphilli, Processa, 143

Synalpheus, 81 (key), 93

hemphilli longicornis, Synalpheus—see S. hemphilli, 93

Hemphilli oxyceros, Synalpheus—see S. hemphilli, 93

herricki, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 93

herricki angustipes, Synalpheus—see S. herricki, 93

augustipes, Synalpheus—see S. herricki, 93

dimidiatus, Synalpheus—see S. herricki, 93

heterochaelis, Alphaeus—see Alpheus heterochaelis, 67

Alpheus, 59 (key), 67, 68

Crangon—see Alpheus heterochaelis, 67

heterocheirus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium heterochirus,

20

heterochelas, Alpheus—see A. heterochaelis, 67

heterocheles, Alpheus—see A. heterochaelis, 67

heterochelis, Alpheus—see A. heterochaelis, 67

heterochirus, Macrobrachium, 19 (key), 20

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

Hippolite—see Hippolyte, 110

Hippolithe—see Hippolyte, 110

Hippolyidae—see Hippolytidae, 106

Hippolysmata, 110, 124

cubensis—see Barbouria cubensis, 110

grabhami—see Lysmata grabhami, 128

intermedia—see Lysmata intermedia, 728

moorei—see Lysmata moorei, 128

oplophoroides—see Exhippolysmata oplophoroides, 110

rhizophorae—see Merguia rhizophorae, 129

vittata, 124

wurdemanni—see Lysmata wurdemanni, 129

Hippolyta—see Hippolyte, 110

Hippolyte, 106 (key), 110, 111, 129

acuminata—see H. coerulescens, 777

acuminatus—see H. coerulescens, 111

amboinensis, 132

bidentatus—see H. coerulescens, 111

coerulescens, 77/, 112 (fig. 42), 113 (fig. 43)

commensalis, 118

Cubensis—see Barbouria cubensis, 110

curacaoensis, /// , 113, 114 (fig. 44), 115 (fig. 45), 121

elongatus—see Xiphocaris elongata, 76

ensiferus—see Latreutes fucorum, 727

exilirostrata, 113

nicholsoni, 111 (key), 773, 116 (fig. 46), 117 (fig. 47),

118

obliquimanus, 113

pleuracantha—see H. pleuracanthus, 778

pleuracantha bermudensis, 121

pleuracanthus, 111 (key), 118, 119 (fig. 48), 120, 121

restrictus—see Trachycaris restrictus, 142

tenuirostris—see H. coerulescens, 777

wurdemanni—see Lysmata wurdemanni, 729

zostericola, 111 (key), 113, 778, 120 (fig. 49), 121 (fig.

50)

Hippolytes—see Hippolyte, 770

Hippolytidae, 6 (key), 706

Hippolytinae—see Hippolytidae, 706

Hippolytus—see Hippolyte, 770

hippothoe var. bahamensis, Alpheus—see A. bahamensis, 63

var. edamensis, Alpheus, 63

hispidus, Palaemon—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

Stenopus, 144

hobbsi, Metapenaeopsis, 7

holthuisi, Brachycarpus, 78

Lipkebe, 25

Homaralphaeus—see Synalpheus, 79

Homaralpheus—see Synalpheus, 79

huikau, Alpheus—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

hummelincki, Alpheopsis—see Neoalpheopsis hummelincki, 78

Neoalpheopsis, 78

hymenoceridae—see Gnathophyllidae, 52

Hymenocerinae—see Gnathophyllidae, 52

Hypolyte—see Hippolyte, 770

Hyppolite—see Hippolyte, 770

Hyppolitidae—see Hippolytidae, 706

Hyppolyte—see Hippolyte, 770

Hyppolythe—see Hippolyte, 770

Hyppolytte—see Hippolyte, 770

inermis, Latreutes, 722, 123 (fig. 51), 124 (fig. 52)

Palaemonetes—see Troglocubanus inermis, 24

Troglocubanus, 24

innocous, Atya, 14

Innocous, Cancer—-see Atya innocous, 14

intermedia, Hippolysmata—see Lysmata intermedia, 728

Lysmata, 125 (key), 728

Xiphocaris elongata—see X. elongata, 76

Xiphocaris gladiator var.—see X. elongata, 76

intermedius, Palaemonetes, 3, 21 (key), 22

intrinsecus, Alpheus, 57 (key), 68

Crangon—see Alpheus intrinsecus, 68

Ippolyte—see Hippolyte, 7 70

iridescens, Periclimenes, 29, 30 (key), 37

jamaicense, Macrobrachium—see M. carcinus, 20

jamaicensis, Astacus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Bithynis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Troglocubanus, 24

Jamaicensis, Cancer—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

jamaicensis f. aztecus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

jelskii, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium jelskii, 20

Macrobrachium, 19 (key), 20
172 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Palaemon—see Macrobrachium jelskii, 20

johnsoni, Automate, 77

Jonga, 13 (key), 14

serrei, 14

Jousseaumea—see Salmoneus, 78

arubae—see Salmoneus arubae, 79

ortmanni—see Salmoneus ortmanni, 79

trigona—see Alpheopsis trigonus, 56

kingsleyi, Automate, 74, 77

kroyeri, Peneus—see Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, 10

Xiphopenaeus, 10

Xiphopeneus—see Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, 10

labis, Alpheopsis, 54 (key), 55 (fig. 15)

Laeander—see Leander, 19

laevigata, Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia laevigata, / /

Sicyonia, / /

laevimanus longicarpus, Synalpheus—see S. longicarpus, 93

larninatus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

lancirostris, Alpheus—see A. armillatus, 62

lanipes, Atya, 14

Laomenes—see Periclimenes, 29

latastei tenuispina, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 93

Laterlutes—see Latreutes, 121

latirostris, Palaemon—see Leander tenuicomis, 19

Palemon—see Leander tenuicomis, 19

Latrentes—see Latreutes, 121

Latreutes, 106 (key), 121

anoplonyx, 124

ensiferus—see L. fucorum, 121

fucorum, 121

gibberosus—see L. parvulus, 124

inermis, 122, 123 (fig. 51), 124 (fig. 52)

parvulus, 121 (key), 124

Latreutidae—see Hippolytidae, 106

Leander, 17 (key), 19

affinis—see Palaemon northropi, 21

cubensis—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

erraticus—see L. tenuicomis, 19

natator—see L. tenuicomis, 19

northropi—see Palaemon northropi, 21

pandaliformis—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

paulensis, 19

petitinga—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

Potitinga—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

tenuicomis, 19

leiopes, Synalpheus apioceros—see S. apioceros, 86

Lenader—see Leander, 19

lepidus, Alpheus, 67

Leptalpheus, 45 (key), 73, 77

forceps, 73, 77

Leptochela, 16

bermudensis, 16

carina ta, 16

serratorbita, 16

Leptochelidae—see Pasiphaeidae, 16

Leptogorgia, 25

Leucifer—see Lucifer, 12

leviusculus, Alpheus, 63, 64

Ligur, 110

uveae, 110

limicola, Ogyrides, 105 (key), /06

limonensis, Acetes americanus—see A. americanus, 12

Lipkebe, 18 (key), 25

holthuisi, 25

Lismata—see Lysmata, 124

Litopenaeus, 8 (key), 9

longicarpus, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 93

Synalpheus laevimanus—see S. longicarpus, 93

longicarpus approxima, Synalpheus—see S. longicarpus, 93

longicaudata, Urocaris—see Periclimenes longicaudatus, 37

longicaudatus, Periclimenes, 29 (key), 37

longicornis, Synalpheus hemphilli—see S. hemphilli, 93

longidigitum, Macrobrachium—see M. acanthurus, 20

longipes, Cancer—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

Palaemon—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

louisianensis, Acetes americanus—see A. americanui, 12

Acetes carolinae—see A. americanus, 12

Lucifer, 12

acicularis—see L. typus, 13

amnis—see L. faxoni, 12

batei—see L. typus, 13

clausi—see L. typus, 13

faxoni, 72 13

typus, 12 (key), 13

Luciferinae, 12

lutarius, Alpheus—see A. heterochaelis, 67

Halopsyche—see Alpheus heterochaelis, 67

Lysimata—see Lysmata, 124

Lysmata, 106 (key), 110 124

anchisteus, 125, 126 (fig. 53), 127 (fig. 54)

dentata, 110

grabhami, 125 (key), 128

intermedia, 125 (key), 128

moorei, 125 (key), 128, 129

rathbunae, 3, 125 (key), 129

uncicornis, 128

wurdemanni, 125 (key), 129

Lysmatella—see Lysmata, 124

Lysmatinae—see Hippolytidae, 106

Lytechinus variegatus, 52

Macrobachium—see Macrobrachium, 19

Macrobrachion—see Macrobrachium, 79

Macrobrachium, 17 (key), 19

acanthurus, 19 (key), 20

carcinus, 19 (key), 20

carinus—see M. carcinus, 20

crenulatum, 20

faustinum, 20

heterochirus, 19 (key), 20

jamaicense—see M. carcinus, 20

jelskii, 19 (key), 20

longidigitum—see M. acanthurus, 20

savignyi—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18
NUMBER 98 173

Macrobrachiuu—see Macrobrachium, 19

Macrobracium—see Macrobrachium, 19

Macrobranchium—see Macrobrachium, 19

macrocheles, Alpheus, 59, 62

Crangon—see Alpheus amblyonyx, 59

Macroterocheir—see Macrobrachium, 19

Macroura Typica—see Caridea, 13

magnus, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 37

major, Astacus—-see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

malleator, Alpheus, 57, 58 (key), 68, 69

Crangon—see Alpheus malleator, 68

malleator var. edentatus, Alpheus, 69

manningi, Thor, 130 (key), 135, 136, 137, (fig. 59), 138

(fig. 60), 140 (fig. 61)

margarita, Conchodytes—see Pontonia margarita, 39

Pontonia, 39

margaritacea, Ataya—see Atya scabra, 14

Atya—see A. scrabra, 14

martinella, Metapenaeopsis, 7

maxillulidens, Periclimenaeus, 26 (key), 28

Periclimenes—see Periclimenaeus maxillulidens, 28

mayaguensis, Synalpheus apioceros—see S. apioceros, 86

mcclendoni, Synalpheus, 79, 80 (key), 94 (fig. 33), 95, 96

(fig- 34)

Melicerta—see Lysmata, 124

Melicertus, 8

Merguia, 106 (key), 129

rhizophorae, 129

Metalpheus, 54 (key), 77, 78

rostratipes, 78

Metapenaeopsis, 5, 6 (key), 7

gerardoi, 7

goodei, 7

hobbsi, 7

martinella, 7

smithi, 7 (key), 8

Metapenaeus goodei—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

mobilispinis—see Trachypeneopsis mobilispinis, 10

Metapeneus goodei—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

mexicana, Atya—see A. scabra, 14

Caridina—see Potimirim mexicana, 15

Ortmannia—see Potimirim mexicana, 15

Panthonia—see Pontonia mexicana, 39

Pontonia, 39

Potimirim, 75

mexicanus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

meyeri, Periclimenes, 31 (key), 35, 37

Micraitya—see Micratya, 14

poeyi—see Micratya poeyi, 14

Micratya, 13 (key), 14

poeyi, 14

Micratyia—see Micratya, 14

poeyi—see Micratya poeyi, 14

Microprosthema, 144

semilaeve, 144

spinosum—see M. semilaeve, 144

Milicerta—see Lysmata, 124

mineri, Gnathophylloides, 52

minor, Alpheus—see Synalpheus minus, 95

minus, Alpheus—see Synalpheus minus, 95

Synalpheus, 81 (key), 95, 97 (fig. 35), 98 (fig. 36), 99,

102, 103

minus antillensis, Synalpheus—see S. minus, 95

bahiensis, Synalpheus—see S. minus 95

var. somersi, Synalpheus—see S. minus, 95

minuscularium, Gnathophyllum—see G. americanum, 53

miserabilis, Pontonia, 39 (key), 40 (fig. 9), 43

mobilispinis, Metapenaeus—see Trachypeneopsis mobilispinis,

10

Trachypeneopsis, 10

modestum, Gnathophyllum, 53

monae, Typhlatya, 75

montezumae, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Montezumae, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

moorei, Hippolysmata—see Lysmata moorei, 728

Lysmata, 125 (key), 728, 129

muricatum, Astrophyton, 38

muricatus, Astacus—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

nanus, Alpheus—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

Crangon—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

Nasoscopus, Astacus—see Atya innocous, 14

natator, Leander—see L. tenuicornis, 79

Palaemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

Palemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

neapolitanus, Brachycarpus—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 78

Nectoceras—see Hippolyte, 770

Nectocerus—see Hippolyte, 770

neglecta, Tuleariocaris, 46

Nemaster, 37

grandis, 35

rubiginosa, 34

Nematopalaemon—see Palaemon, 27

Neoalpheopsis, 54 (key), 78

hummelincki, 78

Neopontonides, 18 (key), 25

beaufortensis, 25

Nica—see Processa, 742

nicholsoni, Hippolyte, 111 (key), 113, 116 (fig. 46), 117

(fig. 47), 118

Nicoides—see Nikoides, 142

nigrospinatus, Alpheus, 69

Crangon—see Alpheus ridleyi, 69

Nika—see Processa, 142

bermudensis—see Processa bermudensis, 143

Niki—see Processa, 142

Nikidae—see Processidae, 142

Nikiidae—see Processidae, 142

Nikinae—see Processidae, 142

Nikoides, 142

schmitti, 142

Niphea—see Lysmata, 124

normanni, Alpheus, 59 (key), 68

Crangon—see Alpheus normanni, 68

northropi, Leander—see Palaemon northropi, 27
174 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Palaemon, 21, 22, 23

notialis, Penaeus duorarum, 8 (key), 9

nuttingi, Alpheus, 59 (key), 68

Crangon—see Alpheus nuttingi, 68

obesomanus, Alpheus, 64

obliquimanus, Hippolyte, 113

obtusifrons, Synalpheus, 3, 81 (key), 99, 100 (fig. 37), 101

(fig. 38), 102

occidentalis, Atya—see A. innocous, 14

Atyia—see Atya innocous, 14

Ogyrides, 105 (key), 106

Ogyris—see Ogyrides occidentalis, 106

Pontonia—see Pontonia domestica, 39

octaviae, Palaemonetes, 21 (key), 22 (fig. 3), 23 (fig. 4)

officinal is, Spongia, 29

Ogyridae—see Ogyrididae, 105

Ogyrides, 705

alphaerostris, 105 (key), 106

limicola, 105 (key), 106

occidentalis, 105 (key), 106

yaquiensis, 105 (key), 106

Ogyrididae, 6 (key), 105

Ogyris—see Ogyrides, 105

alphaerostris—see Ogyrides alphaerostris, 106

occidentalis—see Ogyrides occidentalis, 106

oplophoroides, Exhippolysmata, 110

Hippolysmata—see Exhippolysmata oplophoroides, 110

Oplophorus americanus—see Xiphocaris elongata, 16

elongatus—see Xiphocaris elongata, 76

ortmanni, Athanas—see Salmoneus ortmanni, 79

Jousseaumea—see Salmoneus ortmanni, 79

Salmoneus, 78 (key), 79

Ortmannia americana—see Potimirim americana, 75

mexicana—-see Potimirim mexicana, 15

serrei—see Jonga serrei, 14

osburni, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 702

oxyceros, Synalpheus Hemphilli—see S. hemphilli, 93

packardii, Alpheus—see A. normanni, 68

Crangon—see Alpheus normanni, 68

paivai, Periclimenes, 29 (key), 38

Palaeander, 27

Palaeman—see Palaemon, 27

Palaemaon—see Palaemon, 27

Palaemon, 18 (key), 27

acanthurus—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

affinis—see P. northropi, 27

aztecus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Appuni—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

asper—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

biunguiculatus—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

brachydactylus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

brachylabis—see P. northropi, 27

carcinus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

cubanus—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

cubensis—see P. pandaliformis, 27

dasydactylus—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

erraticus—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

Faustinus—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

floridanus, 21

forceps—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

fucorum—see Latreutes fucorum, 727

heterocheirus—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

heterochirus—see Macrobrachium heterochirus, 20

hispidus—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

jamaicensis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

jamaicensis f. aztecus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

jelskii—see Macrobrachium jelskii, 20

laminatus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

latirostris—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

longipes—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

mexicanus—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Montezumae—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

natator—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

northropi, 27, 22, 23

pandaliformis, 27

paulensis—see P. northropi, 21

pelagicus—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 777

pelasgicus—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 7/7

Potiete—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

potitinga—see P. pandaliformis, 27

savignyi—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

schmitti, 21

sexdentatus—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Swainsonii—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

tenuicornis—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

tenuirostris—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

torensis—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

Palaemonella rathbunensis—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

tenuipes—see Periclimenes americanus, 31

yucatanica—see Periclimenes ycatanicus, 38

Palaemones—see Palaemoninae, 18

Palaemonetes, 18 (key), 27, 24

argentinus, 23

calcis—see Troglocubanus calcis, 24

carteri, 22

cubensis—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 27

eigenmanni—see Troglocubanus eigenmanni, 24

gibarensis—see Troglocubanus gibarensis, 24

inermis—see Troglocubanus inermis, 24

intermedius, 3, 21 (key), 22

octaviae, 21 (key), 22 (fig. 3), 23 (fig. 4)

pugio, 22

Palaemonetus—see Palaemonetes, 27

Palaemonias, 13

Palaemonidae, 6 (key), 17

Palaemonidi—see Palaemoninae, 18

Palaemonina—see Palaemoninae, 18

Palaemoninae, 18

Palaemonites—see Palaemonetes, 27

Palaemonopsis—see Anchistioides, 24, and Palaemonetes, 27

Palaemontes—see Palaemonetes, 27

Palaemou—see Palaemon, 27

Palaenmon—see Palaemon, 27
NUMBER 9 8 175

Palaenon—see Palaemon, 21

Palaeomonetes—see Palaemonetes, 21

Paleander—see Palaeander, 21

Palemon—see Palaemon, 21

brevicarpus—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

latirostris—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

natator—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

punctatus-—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

tenuicornis—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

Palemon tenuirostre—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

Palemonia—see Palaemoninae, 18

Palemoniana—see Palaemoninae, 18

Palemonidae—see Palaemoninae, 18

Palemonidea—see Palaemoninae, 18

Pal6moniens—see Palaemoninae, 18

Paleomonetes—see Palaemonetes, 21

pallidum, Gnathophyllum—see G. americanum, 53

Panaeus—see Penaeus, 8

pandaliformis, Leander—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

Palaemon, 21

Pandalus borealis, 140

tenuicornis—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

pandionis, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 37,38

Synalpheus, 81 (key), 102, 103

pandionis extentus, Synalpheus—see S. pandionis, 102

Paneus—see Penaeus, 8

Panthonia—see Pontonia, 39

mexicana—see Pontonia mexicana, 39

paracrinita var. bengalensis, Crangon—see Alpheus paracrinitus, 69

paracrinitus, Alpheus, 59 (key), 69

paracrinitus var. bengalensis, Alpheus—see A. paracrinitus,

69

paragracilis, Alpheus, 78

Paralaemon—see Macrobrachium, 19

Paralpheus—see Alpheus, 57

paraneptunus, Synalpheus, 79, 81 (key), 99, 103

Parapalaemon—see Macrobrachium, 19

Parapenaeopsis rathbuni—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Parapenaeus constrictus—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

constrictus var. similis—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

goodei—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

similis-—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

parasiticus, Periclimenes—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

parfaiti, Synalpheus, 103

parri, Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia parri, /1

Sicyonia, 10 (key), 11

parvulus, Latreutes, 121 (key), 124

Rhynchocyclus—see Latreutes parvulus, 124

paschalis, Thor, 133

Paschocaris—see Thor, 129

Pasiphaeidae, 6 (key), 16

Pasiphaeiidae—see Pasiphaeidae, 16

Pasiphaeinae—see Pasiphaeidae, 76

Pasiphaidae—see Pasiphaeidae, 16

Pasipheidae—see Pasiphaeidae, 16

Pasyphaeinae—see Pasiphaeidae, 16

paulensis, Leander, 19

Palaemon—see P. northropi, 21

pauper, Periclimenes, 29, 30 (key), 38

pearsei, Coralliocaris—see Periclimenaeus pearsei, 29

Periclimenaeus, 25 (key), 29

Typhlatya, 15

peasei, Alpheus, 58 (key), 69

Crangon—see Alpheus peasei, 69

Pecten, 39

pectiniger, Synalpheus, 79 (key), 103

pedersoni, Periclimenes, 30 (Key), 32, 38

pelagicus, Palaemon—see Hippolyte coerulescens, // /

pelasgicus, Palaemon—see Hippolyte coerulescens, // /

Pelias—see Periclimenes, 29

Penaeidae, 6

Penaeidea, 6

Penaeinae, 6, 7

Penaeopsis agassizi—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

goodei—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

rathbuni—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

smithi—see Metapenaeopsis, smithi, 8

vestitus—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Penaeus, 6 (key), 8

aztecus subtilis, 8

borealis—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

brasiliensis, 8 (key), 9

braziliensis—see P. brasiliensis, 9

constrictus—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

duorarum var. cameronensis—P. duorarum notialis, 9

duorarum notialis, 8 (key), 9

schimitti—see P. schmitti, 9

schmitt—see P. schmitti, 9

schmitti, 8 (key), 9

setilerus—see P. schmitti, 9

Penecus—see Penaeus, 8

Peneidae—see Penaeidae, 6

Peneidea—see Penaeidea, 6

Peneinae—see Penaeinae, 7

Peneus—see Penaeus, 8

kroyeri—see Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, 10

Penoeus—see Penaeus, 8

Periclemenes—see Periclimenes, 29

Periclimenaeus, 17 (key), 25, 28

ascidiarum, 25 (key), 26

atlanticus, 26

bermudensis, 25 (key), 26

bredini, 3,26,27 (fig. 5), 28

caraibicus, 25 (key), 28

maxillulidens, 26 (key), 28

pearsei, 25 (key), 29

perlatus, 26 (key), 29

schmitti, 26 (key), 29

wilsoni, 26 (key), 28, 29

Periclimenes, 17 (key), 29, 37

americanus, 29, 30 (key), 31

anthophilus, 30 (key), 32, 38

antiguensis—see Anchistioides antiguensis, 24

barbadensis—see Anchistioides antiguensis, 24

beaufortensis—see Neopontonides beaufortensis, 25
176

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

bermudensis—see Periclimenaeus bermudensis, 26, and

Periclimenes americanus, 31

bowmani, 31 (key), 32, 33 (fig. 6), 34 (fig. 7)

crinoidalis, 31 (key), 35

finlayi, 31 (key), 35, 36 (fig. 8)

harringtoni, 30 (key), 37

iridescens, 29, 30 (key), 37

longicaudatus, 29 (key), 37

magnus, 30 (key), 37

maxillulidens—see Periclimenaeus maxillulidens, 28

meyeri, 31 (key), 35, 37

paivai, 29 (key), 38

pandionis, 30 (key), 37, 38

parasiticus—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

pauper, 29, 30 (key), 38

pedersoni, 30 (key), 32, 38

perryae, 31 (key), 38

portoricensis—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

rathbunae, 29, 30 (key), 38

rhizophorae—see Periclimenes americanus, 31

tenellus, 30 (key), 38

tenuipes—see Leander tenuicornis, 19

wilsoni—see Periclimenaeus wilsoni, 29

yucatanicus, 30 (key), 38, 39

Periclimens—see Periclimenes, 29

Periclimines—see Periclimenes, 29

perlatus, Corallocaris—see Periclimenaeus perlatus, 29

Periclimenaeus, 26 (key), 29

perryae, Periclimenes, 31 (key), 38

petitinga, Leander—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

Phleusa—see Alpheus, 57

Phyllobranchiata Normalia—see Caridea, 13

Pinctada, 39

Platybema—see Latreutes, 121

rugosus—see Trachycaris restrictus, 142

Platyblema—see Latreutes, 121

platycheirus, Alpheus, 67

pleuracantha, Hippolyte—see H. pleuracanthus, 118

pleuracantha bermudensis, Hippolyte, 121

pleuracanthus, Hippolyte, 111 (key), 118, 119 (fig. 48),

120, 121

Virbius—see Hippolyte pleuracanthus, 118

Pocillopora, 63, 65, 67, 74, 92, 93, 95, 104, 128

poeyi, Alpheus—see A. formosus, 67

Barbouria—see B. cubensis, 110

Micraitya—see Micratya poeyi, 14

Micratya, 14

Micratyia—see Micratya poeyi, 14

Poeyi, Atya—see Micratya poeyi, 14

Calmania—see Micratya poeyi, 14

Pomagnathus, 78

corallinus, 78

Pontonella—see Typton, 46

Pontonia, 18 (key), 39

domestica, 39

grayi—see P. mexicana, 39, and P. miserabilis, 40

margarita, 39

mexicana, 39

miserabilis, 39 (key), 40 (fig. 9), 43

occidentalis—see P. domestica, 39

pusilla, 43

quasipusilla, 39 (key), 41, 42 (fig. 10), 43

unidens, 39 (key), 43

Pontonidae—see Pontoniinae, 24

Pontonides beaufortensis—see Neopontonides beaufortensis,

25

Pontoniidae—see Pontoniinae, 24

Pontoniinae, 24

Pontoninae—see Pontoniinae, 24

.Porites, 18, 19, 37, 61, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 77, 93, 95,

102, 104, 128, 145

portoricensis, Periclimenes—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

Potiete, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Potimirim, 13 (key), 14

americana, 14 (key), 15

brasiliana—see P. glabra, 15

glabra, 15

mexicana, 15

serrei—see Jonga serrei, 14

Potitinga, Leander—see Palaemon pandaliformis, 21

potitinga, Palaemon—see P. pandaliformis, 21

prionurus, Typton, 4 (key), 52

Processa, 142

bermudensis, 142 (key), 143

canaliculata var. bermudensis—see P. bermudensis, 143

fimbriata, 142 (key), 143

guyanae, 143

hemphilli, 143

profunda, 143

riveroi, 142 (key), 143

tenuipes, 143

vicina, 142 (key), 143

wheeleri, 143 (key), 144

Processidae, 6 (key), 142

Processinae—see Processidae, 142

productus, Synalpheus townsendi—see S. townsendi, 104

profunda, Processa, 143

Pseudatya—see Atya, 14

Pseudocoutierea, 18 (key), 43

antillensis, 43, 44 (fig. 11), 45

elegans, 45

Pseudopalaemon, 18

Pseudopterogorgia acerosa, 113, 118, 122, 124

americana, 113, 118, 122, 124

Pteria, 39

pugilator, Alpheus—see A. malleator, 68

pugio, Palaemonetes, 22

punctata, Atya—see A. scabra, 14

punctatus, Palemon—see Macrobrachium carcinus, 20

pusilla, Pontonia, 43

quasipusilla, Pontonia, 39 (key), 41, 42 (fig. 10), 43

rapacida, Alpheus, 67

rathbunae, Alpheus—see Thunor rathbunae, 104

Crangon—see Thunor rathbunae, 104

Lysmata, 3, 125 (key), 129

Periclimenes, 29, 30 (key), 38
NUMBER 9 8 177

Synalpheus, 79, 80 (key), 103

Thunor, 104, 105 (fig. 39)

rathbunensis, Palaemonella—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

rathbuni, Parapenaeopsis—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Penaeopsis—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

rectifrons, Automate, 74 (key), 75, 76 (fig. 24), 77

restrictus, Hippolyte—see Trachycaris restrictus, 142

Trachycaris, 142

Retrocaris—see Brachycarpus, 18

Rhincocynetidae—see Rhynchocinetidae, 17

Rhinococynetes—see Rhynchocinetes, 17

rhizophorae, Hippolysmata—see Merguia rhizophorae, 129

Merguia, 129

Periclimenes—see P. americanus, 31

Rhynchocinete—see Rhynchocinetes, 17

Rhynchocinetes, 17

rigens, 17

Rhynchocinetidae, 6 (key), 17

Rhynchocinites—see Rhynchocinetes, 17

Rhynchocyclus—see Latreutes, 121

parvulus—see Latreutes parvulus, 124

Rhynchocynetidae-—see Rhynchocinetidae, 17

Rhyncocinetes—see Rhynchocinetes, 17

ridleyi, Alpheus, 58 (key), 69

rigens, Rhynchocinetes, 17

riveroi, Processa, 142 (key), 143

rostratipes, Alpheus, 78

Crangon—see Metalpheus rostratipes, 78

Metalpheus, 78

rubiginosa, Nemaster, 34

rugosa, Automate, 74, 77

rugosus, Platybema—see Trachycaris restrictus, 142

Rynchocinetes—see Rhynchocinetes, 17

Rynchocinetidae—see Rhynchocinetidae, 17

Sagittaria, 133

Salmoneus, 54 (key), 56, 78

arubae, 78 (key), 79

ortmanni, 78 (key), 79

salomoni, Automate, 77

sanctithomae, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 104

Sargassum, 19, 111, 121, 141

saulcyi, Alpheus—see Synalpheus minus, 95

saulcyi var. brevicarpus, Alpheus—see Synalpheus minus, 95

savignyi, Bithynis—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

Brachycarpus—see B. biunguiculatus, 18

Macrobrachium—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

Palaemon—see Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, 18

scaber, Atys—see Atya scabra, 14

scabra, Atya, 14

Atyia—see Atya scabra, 14

scaphoceris, Synalpheus townsendi—see S. townsendi, 104

schimitti, Penaeus—see P. schmitti, 9

schmitt, Penaeus—see P. schmitti, 9

schmitti, Alpheus, 59 (key), 70 (fig. 21), 72 (fig. 22), 73

Nikoides, 142

Palaemon, 21

Penaeus, 8 (key), 9

Periclimenaeus, 26 (key), 29

scutellatus, Stenopus, 144 (key), 145

semilaeve, Microprosthema, 144

semilaevis, Stenopus—see Microprosthema semilaeve, 144

Sergestidae, 6 (key), 12

Sergestinae, 12

serratirostris, Discias, 16 (key), 17

serratorbita, Leptochela, 16

serratum, Tozeuma, 141

serrei, Jonga, 14

Ortmannia—see Jonga serrei, 14

Potimirim—see Jonga serrei, 14

setilerus, Penaeus—see P. schmitti, 9

sexdentatus, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

Sicyonia, 6 (key), 10

brevirostris, 10 (key), //

burkenroadi, 10 (footnote)

carinata americana—see S. laevigata, //

dorsalis, 10 (key), //

edwardsii—see S. typica, //

laevigata, 10 (key), 11

parri, 10 (key), //

stimpsoni, 10 (key), //

typica, 10 (key), //

wheeleri, 10 (key), //, 12

Sicyoniinae, 6 (key), 10

Sicyoninae-—see Sicyoniinae, 10

similis, Parapenaeus—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

Parapenaeus constrictus var.—see Trachypenaeus

similis, 9

Trachypenaeus, 9

Trachypeneus—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

Trachypeneus constrictus var.—see Trachypenaeus

similis, 9

simus, Alpheas—see Alpheus simus, 73

Alpheus, 73

Amphibetaeus—see Alpheus simus, 73

Sinalpheus—see Synalpheus, 79

smithi, Metapenaeopsis, 7 (key), 8

Penaeopsis—see Metapenaeopsis smithi, 8

somersi, Synalpheus minus var.—see S. minus, 95

spinimanus, Bithynis—see Macrobrachium faustinum, 20

spinosum, Microprosthema—see M. semilaeve, 144

spinosus, Stenopusculus—see Microprosthema semilaeve, 144

splendens, Gnathophyllum, 53

Spongia officinalis, 29

Squilla Groenlandica—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

Stenope—see Stenopus, 144

Stenopidae—see Stenopodidae, 144

Stenopidea—see Stenopodidea, 144

Stenopides—see Stenopodidea, 144

Stenopodea—see Stenopodidea, 144

Stenopodidae, 6 (key), 144

Stenopodidea, 6 (key), 144

Stenops—see Stenopus, 144

Stenopsus—see Stenopus, 144

Stenopunculus—see Microprosthema, 144

Stenopus, 144

hispidus, 144
178 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

scutellatus, 144 (key), 145

semilaevis—see Microprosthema semilaeve, 144

Stenopusculus—see Microprosthema, 144

spinosus—see Microprosthema semilaeve, 144

stimpsoni, Eusicyonia—see Sicyonia stimpsoni, 77

Sicyonia, 10 (key), 77

Stoichactis helianthus, 128

strepsiceros, Synalpheus brooksi—see S. brooksi, 92

Strombus, 56

stylicauda, Embryocaris—see Stenopus hispidus, 144

subtilis, Penaeus aztecus, 8

Swainsonii, Palaemon—see Macrobrachium acanthurus, 20

symmetricus, Ambidexter, 142

Synalpheidae—see Alpheidae, 53

Synalpheus, 54 (key), 79, 94, 102

anasimus, 3, 79 (key), 82 (fig. 25), 83 (fig. 26),

84 (fig. 27), 85 (fig. 28)

anceps, 102

androsi, 80 (key), 86

apioceros, 81 (key), 86

apioceros desterroensis, 86

apioceros leiopes—see S. apioceros, 86

apioceros mayaguensis—see S. apioceros, 86

barahonensis, 80 (key), 86

bousfieldi, 80 (key), 86, 87 (fig. 29), 88 (fig. 30), 89

brevicarpus, 95, 97 (fig. 35), 98, 99

brevicarpus guerini—see S. minus, 95

brevifrons, 80 (key), 89, 90 (fig. 31), 91 (fig. 32), 92, 93

brooksi, 80 (key), 92

brooksi eleutherae—see S. brooksi, 92

brooksi strepsiceros—see S. brooksi, 92

curacaoensis, 81 (key), 92

disparodigitus, 81 (key), 92

dominicensis, 81 (key), 92

filidigitus, 80 (key), 92

fritzmuelleri, 81 (key), 86, 92

fritzmuelleri caribaea—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmuelleri carolinensis—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmuelleri elongatus—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmiilleri—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmiilleri var. caribaea—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmiilleri var. carolinensis—see S. fritzmuelleri, 92

fritzmiilleri var. elongatus—see S. fritmuelleri, 92

goodei, 81 (key), 93

grampusi, 102, 103

hemphilli, 81 (key), 93

hemphilli longicornis—see S. hemphilli, 93

Hemphilli oxyceros—see S. hemphilli, 93

herricki, 81 (key), 93

herricki angustipes—see S. herricki, 93

herricki augustipes—see S. herricki, 93

herricki dimidiatus—see S. herricki, 93

laevimanus longicarpus—see S. longicarpus, 93

latastei tenuispina, 81 (key), 93

longicarpus, 81 (key), 93

longicarpus approxima—see S. longicarpus, 93

mcclendoni, 79, 80 (key), 94 (fig. 33), 95, 96 (fig. 34)

minus, 81 (key), 95, 97 (fig. 35), 98 (fig. 36), 99, 102,

103

minus antillensis—see S. minus, 95

minus bahiensis-—see S. minus, 95

minus var. somersi—see S. minus, 95

obtusifrons, 3, 81 (key), 99, 100 (fig. 37), 101 (fig. 38),

102

osburni, 81 (key), 102

pandionis, 81 (key), 102, 103

pandionis extentus—see S. pandionis, 102

paraneptunus, 79, 81 (key), 99, 103

parfaiti, 103

pectiniger, 79 (key), 103

rathbunae, 79, 80 (key), 103

sanctithomae, 80 (key), 104

tanneri, 80 (key), 89, 92, 104

townsendi, 81 (key), 86, 104

townsendi productus—see S. townsendi, 104

townsendi scaphoceris—see S. townsendi, 104

tridentulatus, 102

Synalphleidae—see Alpheidae, 53

Synhimantites—see Sicyonia, 10

typicus—see Sicyonia typica, 11

talismani, Alpheus, 67

Automate, 74, 77

tanneri, Synalpheus, 80 (key), 89, 92, 104

tenella, Anchistia—see Periclimenes tenellus, 38

tenellus, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 38

tenuicornis, Leander, 79

Palaemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

Palemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

tenuicornus, Pandalus—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

tenuipes, Palaemonella—see Periclimenes americanus, 37

Periclimenes—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

Processa, 143

tenuirostre, Palemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

tenuirostris, Hippolyte—see H. coerulescens, 777

Palaemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

tenuispina, Synalpheus latastei, 81 (key), 93

Thalassalpes—see Processa, 142

Thor, 106 (key), 729, 130, 135, 141

amboinensis, 129 (key), 730, 131 (fig. 55), 132 (fig. 56),

133, 140

discosomatis, 132

dobkini, 130 (key), 733, 134 (fig. 57), 135, 136, 137

floridanus, 3, 130 (key), 135, 736 (fig. 58), 137

manningi, 130 (key), 135, 136, 737 (fig. 59), 138 (fig.

60), 140 (fig. 61)

paschalis, 133

Thorinae—see Hippolytidae, 706

Thunor, 54 (key), 104, 105

rathbunae, 104, 105 (fig. 39)

Tipton—see Typton, 46

Tizeuma—see Tozeuma, 747

togatus, Crangon—see Alpheus paracrinitus, 69

Tor—see Thor, 729

torensis, Palaemon—see Leander tenuicornis, 79

tortugae, Typton, 46 (key), 52

townsendi, Synalpheus, 81 (key), 86, 104
NUMBER 9 8 179

townsendi productus, Synalpheus—see S. townsendi, 104

scaphoceris, Synalpheus—see S. townsendi, 104

Tozeuma, 106 (key), 141

carolinense, 141

carolinensis—see T. carolinense, 141

cornutum, 141

serratum, 141

Trachycaris, 106 (key), 142

restrictus, 142

Trachypenaeus, 6 (key), 9

constrictus, 9,

similis, 9

Trachypeneopsis, 6 (key), 10

mobilispinis, 10

Trachypeneus—see Trachypenaeus, 9

constrictus—see Trachypenaeus constrictus, 9

constrictus var. similis—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

similis—see Trachypenaeus similis, 9

tridens, Gnathophyllum—see G. americanum, 53

tridentulatus, Synalpheus, 102

trigona, Jousseaumea—see Alpheopsis trigonus, 56

trigonus, Alpheopsis, 54 (key), 56

Tripneustes esculentus, 52

Troglocubanus, 17 (key), 24

calcis, 24

eigenmanni, 24

gibarensis, 24

inermis, 24

jamaicensis, 24

Tropiometra carinata, 34

Trypton—see Typton, 46

tuberculosus, Alpheus—see A. malleator, 68

Tuleariocaris, 17 (key), 46

neglecta, 46

Typhlatya, 13 (key), 15

garciai, 15

monae, 15

pearsei, 75

typica, Sicyonia, 10 (key), 77

Xiphocaris elongata—see X. elongata, 16

typicus, Synhimantites—see Sicyonia typica, 77

Typton, 18 (key), 46

carneus, 46, 47 (fig. 12), 49, 51, 52

distinctus, 46 (key), 49, 50 (fig. 13), 51 (fig. 14), 52

gnathophylloides, 46 (key), 52

prionurus, 46 (key), 52

tortugae, 46 (key), 52

vulcanus, 46 (key), 52

typus, Lucifer, 12 (key), 13

uncicornis, Lysmata, 128

unidens, Pontonia, 39 (key), 43

Upogebia, 73

Urocardella—see Leander, 19

Urocaridella—see Leander, 79

Urocaris—see Periclimenes, 29

longicaudata—see Periclimenes longicaudatus, 37

uveae, Ligur, 110

vanderbilti, Alpheus—see A. cylindricus, 65

Vanderbiltia—see Atya, 14

variegatus, Lytechinus, 52

Velocina—see Processa, 142

Verbius—see Hippolyte, 770

verrilli, Crangon—see Alpheus armillatus, 62

vestitus, Archipenaeus—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

Penaeopsis—see Metapenaeopsis goodei, 7

vicina, Processa, 142 (key), 144

Virbius, 111

Virbius acuminatus—see Hippolyte coerulescens, 777

pleuracanthus—see Hippolyte pleuracanthus, 118

zostericola—see Hippolyte zostericola, 778

viridari, Alpheus, 59 (key), 62, 68 73

Crangon—see Alpheus viridari, 73

vittata, Hippolysmata, 124

Virbius—see Hippolyte, 770

vulcanus, Typton, 46 (key), 52

websteri, Alpheus—see A. formosus, 67

wheeleri, Processa, 143 (key), 144

Sicyonia, 10 (key), 77, 12

wilsoni, Coralliocaris—see Periclimenaeus wilsoni, 29

Periclimenaeus, 26 (key), 28, 29

Periclimenes—see Periclimenaeus wilsoni, 29

wurdemanni, Hippolysmata—see Lysmata wurdemanni, 729

Hippolyte—see Lysmata wurdemanni, 729

Lysmata, 125 (key), 729

Xiphicaris—see Xiphocaris, 76

Xiphocarinae—see Atyidae, 13

Xiphocaris, 13 (key), 76

brevirostris—see X. elongata, 76

elongata, 76

elongata brevirostris—see X. elongata, 76

elongata gladiator—see X. elongata, 76

elongata intermedia—see X. elongata, 76

elongata typica—see X. elongata, 76

gladiator—see X. elongata, 76

gladiator var. intermedia—see X. elongata, 76

Xiphopenaeus, 6 (key), 70

kroyeri, 70

Xiphopeneus—see Xiphopenaeus, 70

harttii—see Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, 70

kroyeri—see Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, 70

yaquiensis, Ogyrides, 105 (key), 706

yucatanica, Palaemonella—see Periclimenes yucatanicus, 38

yucatanicus, Periclimenes, 30 (key), 38, 39

zebra, Gnathophyllum—see G. americanum, 53

zostericola, Hippolyte, 111 (key), 113, 778, 120 (fig. 49),

121 (fig. 50)

Virbius—see Hippolyte zostericola, 778

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1971 437-337/3



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