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2010 ~.PR -7 PM 12: 46

TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QuAlflIn'filVISION

Bryan W. Shaw, Ph.D., Chairman

Buddy Garcia, Commissioner

Carlos Rubinstein, Commissioner

Mark R. Vickery, P.G., Executive Director

Protecting Texas by Reducing andPreventing Pollution

April 1,2010

Docket No. 2009-0801-SIP

Project No. 2009-018-SIP-NR

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Alfredo "AI" Armendariz, Ph.D., Regional Administrator

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 6

1445 Ross Avenue

Dallas, Texas 75202-2733

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Dear Dr. Armendariz:

On March 10,2010, the Texas Commission on Environinental Quality (Commission) adopted a revision to the

state implementation plan (SIP) for demonstration of reasonable further progress for the Houston-GalvestonBrazoria (HGB) 1997 eight-hour ozone nonattainment area.

The Commission adopted the HGB Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) SIP revision, demonstrating that the

RFP emissions reduction requirement will be met for the six-year period (2003-2008) beginning Janumy 1 ofthe

year following the year used for the baseline emissions inventory (2002) and all remaining three-year periods

after the first six-year period (2009-2011, 2012-2014, and 2015-2017) out to the area's attainment date (2019).

This SIP revision also sets the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) motor vehicle

emissions budgets (MVEB) for transportation conformity purposes for the milestone years 2008, 2011, 2014,

2017, and 2018.

Enclosed are the proposed revision to the SIP, a public hearing certification, a complete record of the public

hearings, and the accompanying order. I look forward to your expeditious approval ofthis SIP revision.

Sincerely,

~~;dAtv- Bryan W. Shaw, Ph.D.

Chairman

BWS/ts

Enclosures

cc: The Honorable Rick Perry, Governor ofTexas

Mr. Toby Baker, Office ofBudget, Planning and Policy, Office ofthe Governor

.Mr. MarkR. Vickery, P.G., Executive Director, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 512-239-1000 Internet address:www.tceq.state.tx.us

'.' " 'd
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Public Hearings

October 28 and 29. 2009

Concerning Revisions to the

HGB Eight-Hour Ozone Reasonable Further Progress SIP

Project No. 2009-018-SIP-NR
REVISION TO THE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR 

THE CONTROL OF OZONE AIR POLLUTION 

HOUSTON-GALVESTON-BRAZORIA 1997 EIGHT-HOUR 

OZONE STANDARD NONATTAINMENT AREA 

TCEQ 

TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 

P.O. BOX 13087 

AUSTIN, TEXAS 78711-3087 

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Reasonable Further Progress State 

Implementation Plan Revision for the1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard 

PROJECT NO. 2009-018-SIP-NR 

Adopted 

March 10, 2010 
HGB Reasonable Further Progress SIP Revision for the 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard 

ix

LIST OF APPENDICES 

Appendix Appendix Name

Appendix 1 HGB Reasonable Further Progress Demonstration Calculations Spreadsheet 

Appendix 2 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Point Source Inventories 

Appendix 3 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Area Source Inventories 

Appendix 4 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Source Categories in the EPA’s NONROAD 2005 

Model 

Appendix 5 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Airports 

Appendix 6 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Locomotives 

Appendix 7 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Commercial Marine Vessels 

Appendix 8 Development of Reasonable Further Progress Non-Road Mobile Source 

Emissions Inventories for Drilling Rigs 

Appendix 9 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area 

Reasonable Further Progress On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories 
APPENDIX 5 

DEVELOPMENT OF REASONABLE FURTHER PROGRESS NON-ROAD MOBILE 

SOURCE EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR AIRPORTS 
1

Airport Emissions Inventory Methodology 

Emissions from airport activities in the HGB area were estimated for Ellington Field, George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport, and William P. Hobby Airport. Emissions were calculated using the Federal 

Aviation Administration (FAA) Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), version 5.1. 

The airport emissions categories considered for this RFP analysis were aircraft operations which 

include aircraft (commercial air carriers, air taxis, general aviation, and military), auxiliary power 

units (APU), and ground support equipment (GSE) operations. 

The documentation of procedures used in developing the airport emissions inventories can be found 

in this appendix, which consists of two parts: 

Part A: Houston Airport System Emissions Inventory Study

Part B: Landrum and Brown Technical Memorandum Regarding Ground Support Equipment 

Emissions Inventory

Part A: Houston Airport System Emissions Inventory Study

The Houston Airport System (HAS) emissions inventory was developed by Jacobs Consultancy, and 

submitted to the TCEQ by the HAS on March 19, 2009. 

The report and its appendices provide a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and input 

and output data for estimating emissions for all airport categories. The appendices of the report are 

described below. 

Appendix A provides information used to estimate emissions from aircraft operations, fleet mix and 

auxiliary power units (APUs). 

Appendix B provides information on the APUs and precondition air (PCA). 

Appendix C provides information used for estimating emissions from ground support equipment 

(GSE), GSE activities within the vicinity of the aircraft, and Emissions and Dispersion Modeling 

System (EDMS) methods used to model all activity around an aircraft. 

Appendix D provides information from vehicular activity in on-airport parking lots at the airport. 

Appendix E provides information from roadway vehicular activity associated with the airport. 

Appendix F provides information from stationary sources and fuel consumption for airport tenants 

including: 

• 1) HAS-owned boilers and generators; 2) HAS-owned incinerator at George Bush 

International Airport (IAH); 3) firefighter training fires; and 4) emissions from aircraft fuel 

storage tanks. There were a number of other stationary sources located at each airport, but 

they were not included in this study because of a lack of readily available data. The 

stationary sources not included in this study are: 1) aircraft engine testing areas; 2) deicing 

operations; 3) salt/sand piles; and 4) painting and solvent degreasing activities. 

• Information from construction activities for various projects implemented at IAH, Hobby 

Airport (HOU) and Ellington Airport (EFD) in 2005 and construction projects forecast for 

2018. 

Included as an attachment to Part A is a letter from Southwest Airlines expressing support for the 

aircraft and GSE emissions inventory developed by HAS for Hobby Airport. 

Part B: Landrum and Brown Technical Memorandum Regarding Ground Support Equipment 

Emissions Inventory 
2

This technical memorandum was submitted to the TCEQ on January 20, 2009. 

The memorandum provides analysis on ground support equipment (GSE) emissions and information 

about each piece of GSE that was used to estimate emissions for Continental GSE at George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport from 2005 to 2018. 

Also included as attachments to Part B are two letters from Continental Airlines expressing support 

for the aircraft and GSE emissions inventory from the HAS at the George Bush Intercontinental and 

Hobby Airports. 
Part A 

Houston Airport System Emissions Inventory Study 

Emissions Inventory of Airport Related Sources 
	


	










	















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HAS608 i 

CONTENTS 

Section Page 

 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1-1 

 2 METHODOLOGY...................................................................................... 2-1 

2.1 Overview of Pollutants................................................................... 2-1 

2.2 Emissions .......................................................................................... 2-1 

2.2.1 Emission Source Groups..................................................... 2-1 

2.2.2 Modeling Tool...................................................................... 2-2 

2.2.3 Computation Methods........................................................ 2-2 

2.3 Weather Data.................................................................................... 2-3 

2.3.1 Mixing Height ...................................................................... 2-3 

2.3.2 Temperature......................................................................... 2-3 

 3 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS....................................................................... 3-1 

3.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 3-1 

3.2 Aircraft Operations ......................................................................... 3-1 

3.2.1 Baseline Aircraft Operations.............................................. 3-1 

3.2.2 Future Aircraft Operations................................................. 3-3 

3.3 Baseline and future Fleet Mix ........................................................ 3-4 

3.4 Aircraft Engine Type....................................................................... 3-6 

3.5 Aircraft Operating Times ............................................................... 3-6 

3.5.1 Airborne Operating Times ................................................. 3-6 

3.5.2 Baseline Taxi in/Taxi out Operating Times .................... 3-7 

3.5.3 Baseline Taxi in/Taxi out Operating Times by 

Aircraft Type ........................................................................ 3-9 

3.5.4 Future Taxi in/Taxi out Operating Times ....................... 3-9 

 4 AUXILIARY POWER UNITS................................................................... 4-1 

4.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 4-1 

4.2 Aircraft Engine-APU Combination............................................... 4-1 

4.3 APU Times Computation Methodology ...................................... 4-1 

4.3.1 HOU Gate Occupancy Times (2005)................................. 4-2 

4.3.2 HOU PCA Availability (2005) ........................................... 4-2 

4.3.3 APU Temperature Analysis............................................... 4-2 

4.4 Baseline APU Times........................................................................ 4-3 

4.5 Future APU Times........................................................................... 4-5 
HAS608 ii 

CONTENTS (continued)

Section Page 

 5 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT ....................................................... 5-1 

5.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 5-1 

5.2 Methodology .................................................................................... 5-1 

5.3 GSE Activity Within the Vicinity of the Aircraft ........................ 5-1 

5.3.1 Overview .............................................................................. 5-2 

5.3.2 Time-in-Mode Survey......................................................... 5-2 

5.4 GSE Activity Beyond the Vicinity of the Aircraft ....................... 5-6 

5.4.1 Overview .............................................................................. 5-6 

5.4.2 Distance Survey ................................................................... 5-6 

 6 PARKING FACILITIES AND TERMINAL CURBSIDES..................... 6-1 

6.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 6-1 

6.2 Methodology .................................................................................... 6-1 

6.3 Parking EmissionS Factors ............................................................. 6-1 

6.3.1 Average Speed ..................................................................... 6-2 

6.3.2 Idle Time ............................................................................... 6-2 

6.3.3 Distance Traveled................................................................ 6-2 

6.4 Parking Emission Parameters........................................................ 6-3 

6.4.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. 6-3 

6.4.2 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. 6-10 

6.4.3 Ellington Field...................................................................... 6-14 

 7 ROADWAY TRAFFIC............................................................................... 7-1 

7.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 7-1 

7.2 Methodology .................................................................................... 7-1 

7.2.1 On-Airport Roadways ........................................................ 7-1 

7.2.2 Off-Airport Roadway.......................................................... 7-2 

7.3 Roadway Emission Factors ............................................................ 7-2 

7.3.1 On-Airport Roadway.......................................................... 7-3 

7.3.2 Off-Airport Roadway.......................................................... 7-3 

7.3.3 Average Speed ..................................................................... 7-3 

7.4 Roadway Emission Parameters..................................................... 7-3 

7.4.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. 7-3 

7.4.2 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. 7-9 

7.4.3 Ellington Field...................................................................... 7-13 
HAS608 iii 

CONTENTS (continued)

Page 

 8 KEY STATIONARY SOURCES................................................................ 8-1 

8.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 8-1 

8.2 Methodology .................................................................................... 8-1 

8.2.1 Boilers.................................................................................... 8-1 

8.2.2 Emergency Generators........................................................ 8-2 

8.2.3 Incinerators........................................................................... 8-2 

8.2.4 Training Fires ....................................................................... 8-2 

8.2.5 Fuel Storage Tanks .............................................................. 8-2 

8.2.6 Cooling Towers.................................................................... 8-2 

8.3 Stationary Sources Emission Parameters ..................................... 8-2 

8.3.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. 8-2 

8.3.2 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. 8-6 

8.3.3 Ellington Field...................................................................... 8-8 

 9 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY.................................................................. 9-1 

9.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 9-1 

9.2 Methodology .................................................................................... 9-1 

9.3 2005 Construction Project Inventory ............................................ 9-2 

9.3.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. 9-2 

9.3.2 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. 9-4 

9.3.3 Ellington Field...................................................................... 9-6 

9.4 Future Construction Project Inventory ........................................ 9-8 

9.4.1 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. 9-8 

9.4.2 Ellington Field...................................................................... 9-13 

9.4.3 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. 9-14 

 10 SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS .................................................................... 10-1 
HAS608 iv 

TABLES 

Page 

2-1 Average Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit.............................................. 2-4 

3-1 2005 Annual Operations by Aircraft Category............................................ 3-2 

3-2 2005 Ozone Season Weekday Operations .................................................... 3-3 

3-3 Aircraft Operations Growth Factors at HOU............................................... 3-3 

3-4 Aircraft Operations Growth Factors at EFD ................................................ 3-4 

3-5 Aircraft Operations Growth Factors at IAH ................................................ 3-4 

3-6 2005 Annual Average Taxi Times at IAH..................................................... 3-7 

3-7 2005 Annual Average Taxi Times at HOU................................................... 3-8 

3-8 2005 Unimpeded Taxi Times at EFD............................................................. 3-9 

3-9 Taxi In Times by Runway at HOU ................................................................ 3-10 

3-10 Taxi Out Times by Runway at HOU............................................................. 3-10 

3-11 Taxi In Times at IAH ....................................................................................... 3-11 

3-12 Taxi Out Times at IAH .................................................................................... 3-12 

4-1 2005 Gate Occupancy Times in Minutes at HOU........................................ 4-3 

4-2 2005 APU Operating Times (in Minutes) at HOU ...................................... 4-4 

4-3 2005 APU Operating Times (in Minutes) at Iah .......................................... 4-5 

4-4 Future PCA Equipage at HOU....................................................................... 4-6 

4-5 Future PCA Equipage at IAH ........................................................................ 4-6 

4-6 Future APU Times (in Minutes) at HOU...................................................... 4-7 

4-7 Future APU Times (in Minutes) at IAH ....................................................... 4-8 

5-1 GSE Operating Minutes Per LTO at IAH ..................................................... 5-4 

5-2 GSE Operating Minutes Per LTO at HOU ................................................... 5-5 

5-3 GSE Requirements Per LTO ........................................................................... 5-7 

5-4 Average Distance in Miles Per LTO at IAH................................................. 5-7 

5-5 Average Distance in Miles Per LTO at HOU ............................................... 5-8 

5-6 Annual Hourly GSE Usage at IAH Beyond the Vicinity of the Aircraft.. 5-9 

5-7 Annual Hourly GSE Usage at HOU.............................................................. 5-9 

5-8 Annual Hourly GSE Usage at HOU.............................................................. 5-10 

5-9 Annual Hourly GSE Usage at IAH................................................................ 5-10 

6-1a 2005 Parking Lot Traffic at IAH..................................................................... 6-6 

6-1b 2005 Terminal Curbside Traffic at IAH ........................................................ 6-7 

6-2a Future Parking Lot Traffic at IAH ................................................................. 6-8 

6-2b Future Terminal Curbside Traffic at IAH..................................................... 6-9 

6-3 2005 Parking Lot Parameters at HOU........................................................... 6-12 

6-4 Future Parking Lot Traffic at HOU ............................................................... 6-13 

6-5 2005 Parking Lot Parameters at EFD............................................................. 6-16 

6-6 Future Parking Lot Traffic at EFD ................................................................. 6-17 

7-1 Vehicle Class..................................................................................................... 7-3 

7-2 Vehicle Class Mix at IAH................................................................................ 7-4 

7-3 2005 Roadway Parameters at IAH................................................................. 7-6 

7-4 Future Roadway Vehicle Miles Traveled at IAH ........................................ 7-7 
HAS608 v 

TABLES (continued)

Page 

7-5 2005 Roadway Parameters at HOU............................................................... 7-11 

7-6 Future Roadway Traffic Volumes at HOU................................................... 7-12 

7-7 2005 Roadway Parameters at EFD................................................................. 7-15 

7-8 Future Roadway Traffic Volumes at EFD .................................................... 7-16 

8-1 2005 Throughput for Key Stationary Sources at IAH................................. 8-4 

8-2 Future Throughput for Key Stationary Sources at IAH............................. 8-5 

8-3 2005 Throughput for Key Stationary Sources at HOU ............................... 8-6 

8-4 Future Throughput for Key Stationary Sources at HOU ........................... 8-7 

8-5 2005 Throughput for Key Stationary Sources at EFD................................. 8-8 

8-6 Future Throughput for Key Stationary Sources at EFD............................. 8-9 

9-1 IAH 15L Construction Vehicle Utilization ................................................... 9-3 

9-2 IAH 9/27 Construction Vehicle Utilization ................................................. 9-4 

9-3 HOU Concourse B Construction Vehicle Utilization ................................. 9-5 

9-4 HOU Airfield Repair Construction Vehicle Utilization ............................. 9-6 

9-5 EFD Ramp Repair Construction Vehicle Utilization .................................. 9-7 

9-6 EFD Airfield Hangar Construction Vehicle Utilization ............................. 9-8 

9-7 HOU Runway Extension Construction Vehicle Utilization ...................... 9-9 

9-8 HOU12L/30R Upgrade Construction Vehicle Utilization......................... 9-11 

9-9 HOU Taxiway J Construction Vehicle Utilization ...................................... 9-11 

9-10 HOU Freight Facility (Cargo) Construction Vehicle Utilization............... 9-12 

9-11 HOU Freight Facility (Paving) Construction Vehicle Utilization............. 9-13 

9-12 EFD Future ATC Tower Construction Vehicle Utilization........................ 9-14 

9-13 IAH Future Project Construction Equipment Utilization .......................... 9-17 

9-14 IAH Future Project On-Road Construction Vheciles Utilization.............. 9-18 

10-1 CO Emissions in Short Tons at IAH.............................................................. 10-3 

10-2 VOC Emissions in Short Tons at IAH........................................................... 10-4 

10-3 NOx Emissions in Short Tons at IAH ........................................................... 10-5 

10-4 SOx Emissions in Short Tons at IAH............................................................. 10-6 

10-5 PM-10 Emissions in Short Tons at IAH ........................................................ 10-7 

10-6 PM-2.5 Emissions in short Tons at IAH........................................................ 10-8 

10-7 CO Emissions in Short Tons at HOU ............................................................ 10-9 

10-8 VOC Emissions in Short Tons at HOU ......................................................... 10-10 

10-9 NOx Emissions in Short Tons at HOU.......................................................... 10-11 

10-10 SOx Emissions in Short Tons at HOU........................................................... 10-12 

10-11 PM-10 Emissions in Short Tons at HOU....................................................... 10-13 

10-12 PM-2.5 Emissions in Short Tons at HOU...................................................... 10-14 

10-13 CO Emissions in Short Tons at EFD.............................................................. 10-15 

10-14 VOC Emissions in Short Tons at EFD ........................................................... 10-16 

10-15 NOx Emissions in Short Tons at EFD ........................................................... 10-17 

10-16 SOx Emissions in Short Tons at EFD............................................................. 10-18 
HAS608 vi 

10-17 PM-10 Emissions in Short Tons at EFD ........................................................ 10-19 

10-18 PM-2.5 Emissions in Short Tons at EFD ....................................................... 10-20 
HAS608 vii 

FIGURES 

Page 

6-1 On-Airport Parking Facilities, George Bush International Airport.......... 6-5 

6-2 On-Airport Parking Facilities, William P. Hobby Airport......................... 6-11 

6-3 On-Airport Parking Facilities, Ellington Field Airport .............................. 6-15 

7-1 On-Airport Roadway Traffic Characteristics, George Bush 

International Airport ....................................................................................... 7-8 

7-2 On-Airport Roadway Traffic Characteristics, William P. Hobby Airport 7-10 

7-3 On-Airport Roadway Traffic Characteristics, Ellington Field Airport .... 7-14 
Section 1 

INTRODUCTION 
HAS608 1-1 

Section 1 

INTRODUCTION 

The Houston Airport System (HAS), an enterprise fund 

of the City of Houston, is the fourth largest airport 

system in the United States and sixth largest in the 

world. It owns and operates three airports in the 

Houston area: George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

(IAH), William P. Hobby Airport (HOU), and Ellington 

Field (EFD). 

The purpose of this report is to presents an inventory of 

the most prevalent airport-related emission sources for 

all three airports. The emissions inventory includes sources operated at the airports by 

tenants and by HAS, but it does not represent every possible emissions source, and 

specifically excludes emissions from ground support equipment owned by Continental 

Airlines and Southwest Airlines. As applicable, source ownership is identified 

throughout the body of the report. The emissions inventory has been prepared with a 

goal to be included in the State Implementation Plan (SIP) and used to support the 

development of appropriate emission budgets in the Houston area SIP. 

This report provides a brief overview of the approach, methodology, and data inputs, 

and then summarizes emission results. Consistent with the 8-hour ozone SIP for the 

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) nonattainment area, emissions are calculated using 

aircraft operations data and other required data for the following SIP milestone years:

 Baseline year—2005 

 SIP Demonstration years—2011, 2014, and 2017 

 Currently planned SIP Attainment year—2018 

For each of the analysis years, emissions are calculated for two different scenarios. 

 Annual Emissions—computation of emissions for the entire year from 

January 1 to December 31. 

 Ozone Season Weekday—computation of emissions for all the weekdays in the 

ozone season. The ozone season spans the timeline from March 1 to 

November 30 (197 days). 

The report has been structured so that the emissions calculation methodologies and 

assumptions are summarized for every major source group of airport-related emissions. 

A detailed explanation of the methodology and emission inventories is provided in the 

individual appendices for each emission source group. 
Section 2 

METHODOLOGY 
HAS608 2-1 

Section 2 

METHODOLOGY 

2.1 OVERVIEW OF POLLUTANTS 

The pollutants inventoried include U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

criteria pollutants and their precursors and include: volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of sulfur (SOx), 

particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), and 

particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5). 

The emissions inventory described in this report was developed for airport-related 

sources using Version 5.1 of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Emissions 

and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) program.

2.2 EMISSIONS 

Emissions source groups, modeling tool, and computation methods are described 

within the following. 

2.2.1 Emission Source Groups 

The emissions were categorized into different groups depending on the source. The 

different source groups of emissions are: 

 Aircraft Operations—emissions from an arrival, a departure, a landing and 

takeoff cycle (LTO), or a Touch-and-Go operation (TGO) 

 Gate Services—emissions generated by Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) when 

the aircraft is parked at the gate 

 Ground Support Equipment (GSE)—emissions from equipment that support 

operations of aircraft on the ground (other than GSE owned by Continental 

Airlines and Southwest Airlines) 

 On-Airport Roadway Traffic—emissions from motor vehicle activity, including 

that of commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and taxicabs on the roadways 

within the airport boundary 

 Off-Airport Roadway Traffic—emissions from motor vehicle activity, including 

that of commercial vehicles, passenger cars, and taxicabs on the roadways 

beyond the airport boundary 

 Parking Facility and Terminal Curbsides—similar to roadway emissions but 

confined to motor vehicle activity in public, employee, rental car, taxicab 

parking lots and curbside holding areas. 

 Key Stationary Sources—emissions from key on-airport non-vehicle operations, 

such as utility or heating/cooling facilities, generators, training fires, and fuel 

storage facilities 

 Construction—emissions from construction activity at the airport 
HAS608 2-2 

Sections 3 to 9 describe the assumptions and methodology in computing emissions for 

each source group. 

2.2.2 Modeling Tool 

The emissions inventory was developed for airport-related sources using most recent 

version of FAA’s Emission & Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) program (version 

5.1). The FAA requires use of EDMS when assessing aviation emission sources at 

airports* and is recognized by the U.S. EPA** as the preferred tool for modeling aircraft 

emissions. 

The FAA developed 

EDMS in the mid-1980s 

in cooperation with the 

United States Air Force. 

The model has become 

increasingly 

sophisticated over time 

and provides users with 

the ability to conduct 

emission inventories 

and dispersion analysis 

for all of the major 

emission sources in the 

airport environment. 

EDMS develops timeand location-varying 

emissions from mobile 

sources, such as, aircraft engines, APUs, GSE, ground access vehicles, training fires, and 

stationary sources, including generators, commercial kitchens, cooling towers, boilers, 

and bulk liquid storage tanks. EDMS incorporates specific details on types of aircraft 

and typical aircraft schedules for taxi, take-off, and landing to develop a more precise 

representation of airport emissions. 

2.2.3 Computation Methods 

EDMS has an internal database of emission factors for airport pollutant sources. There 

are specific factors for all pollutants included in the program, including VOCs, NOx, 

CO, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. These emission factors are typically expressed in units of 

mass per unit of time or distance (e.g., grams/second, or grams/mile). The EDMS 

database of emission factors reflects differences in emissions based on fuel type, fuel 

burn, engine power load, manufacture year, and manufacturer, among many other 

characteristics. 

 

 *Federal Register, Volume 63, No. 70, April 13, 1998. 

**Guidelines on Air Quality Models (Revised) with Supplements A and B, EPA-450/ 

2-78-027R, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 1, 1997. Codified in 40 CFR 

Part 51, Appendix W. 
HAS608 2-3 

These emission factors are used by EDMS to calculate a total estimated emission 

inventory for a specified time period by multiplying the emission factor for the 

particular source by the time, distance, or number of events input by the user. The 

result is the estimated total emissions for each source group and ultimately total 

estimated emissions for the study period. 

Airport-specific information such as latitude and longitude coordinates of the official 

Airport Reference Point (ARP), and elevation of the ARP above sea level are provided 

within the EDMS structure. All other airport-specific information must be estimated 

and input to the program. 

2.3 WEATHER DATA 

Typical weather data includes mixing height and temperature as discussed below. 

2.3.1 Mixing Height 

To be consistent with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality’s (TCEQ) 

photochemical modeling of the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) nonattainment 

area, the specified mixing height of 3,000 feet was used as the input to the EDMS model. 

This height is also the default mixing height value in EDMS. 

2.3.2 Temperature 

Daily averages of the maximum, minimum and mean temperature for the annual and 

ozone season are the typical inputs for EDMS. Temperature data provided in the 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) were used as the EDMS 

input for the annual inventory.* NOAA temperature data is collected in 30-year 

increments, with the most recent period covering 1971 to 2000. Temperature data 

provided by the TCEQ SIP were used in the EDMS model for the ozone season 

weekday.** These temperature inputs reflect the summer season for the HGB region. 

The average temperature values were assumed the same for all three airports and were 

assumed to remain constant across all modeled years. Table 2-1 shows the temperature 

inputs. 

 

 *“Climatography of the United States No. 81, Monthly Station Normals of 

Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days 1971 – 2000,” 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, 

Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North 

Carolina 28801. 

**Texas Commission on Environmental Quality State Implementation Plan model, 

MOBIL 6.2 temperature inputs for the summer season. 
HAS608 2-4 

Table 2-1 

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Scenario 

Minimum 

daily Mean daily 

Maximum 

daily 

Annual (a) 58.2 68.2 79.4 

Ozone (b) 74.6 83.4 92.9 

 

(a) Source: “Climatography of the United States No. 81, Monthly 

Station Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and 

Cooling Degree Days 1971 – 2000,” National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, 

Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 

Asheville, North Carolina 28801. 

(b) Texas Commission on Environmental Quality State 

Implementation Plan model, MOBIL 6.2 temperature inputs for 

the summer season. 

EDMS default values were used for other meteorological parameters, such as pressure, 

humidity, etc. A comprehensive list of modeling default values and parameters can be 

found on the CD with the EDMS input files in the Appendices. 
Section 3 

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 
HAS608 3-1 

Section 3 

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 

3.1 INTRODUCTION 

Aircraft emissions typically represent 

the largest portion of emissions from 

any category of on-airport sources for 

all pollutants except CO (which is 

dominated by motor vehicles). To 

estimate emissions from aircraft 

sources, a series of model inputs are 

needed. Typically, these inputs 

include baseline and/or future 

aircraft operations, aircraft 

operations, fleet mix, aircraft engine 

type, and operating times in the air 

and on the ground. Aircraft emissions are calculated using the emission factors, specific 

to aircraft and engine type combinations, multiplied by the time spent in each 

operational mode. 

3.2 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 

Baseline and future aircraft operations are described below. 

3.2.1 Baseline Aircraft Operations

Baseline aircraft operations are discussed below in terms of total annual operations and 

total ozone season weekday operations. 

Total Annual Operations. The standard input into EDMS is the total annual operations 

for every aircraft-engine combination. The total annual operations for the baseline year 

for IAH and HOU were obtained from the FAA Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) database 

(dated December 2008). The TAF contains historical and forecast aircraft operational 

data by aircraft category—commercial, air taxi/commuter, general aviation, and 

military—for FAA towered airports and some non-towered airports. 

The commercial and air taxi/commuter categories in the 2008 TAF are composed of 

passenger and cargo operations. Cargo operations for IAH in 2005 were derived from 

the 2006 Master Plan using the growth rate from the 2008 TAF. 

The total annual operations at EFD were derived from FAA tower records provided by 

HAS. Because EFD tower records do not differentiate between air taxi and air cargo 

operations, it was assumed that the air taxi component represents the cargo operations. 

There was no commercial scheduled passenger service in 2005 at EFD. Table 3-1 shows 

the total annual operations by aircraft category. 
HAS608 3-2 

Table 3-1 

2005 ANNUAL OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airport Passenger Cargo 

General 

Aviation Military 

IAH (a) 529,936 4,930 (b) 16,685 233 

HOU (a) 158,022 N/A 83,557 325 

EFD (c) N/A 1,967 (d) 82,376 54,240 

(a) Source: FAA 2008 Terminal Area Forecast database. 

(b) Source: 2006 DMJM George Bush Intercontinental Airport Master Plan, 1990-

2000 compound annual growth rate used to grow 2000 cargo operations to 2005. 

(c) Source: FAA Tower Records. 

(d) Represents all air taxi operations at Ellington Field. 

Total Ozone Season Weekday Operations. As stated previously, the ozone season 

spans the timeline from March 1 to November 30. The ozone season operations were 

derived from the percentage of total annual operations that occur during the ozone 

season months (March-November). It was computed as a product of the percentage of 

total annual operations that take place during the ozone season months and the 

weekend-to-weekday split during the ozone season months.

The percentage operations that occur during the ozone season months were derived 

from the monthly operations data from 2008 TAF and FAA tower records. The 

weekday-to-weekend proportion for passenger service was derived from an Official 

Airline Guide (OAG) schedule for the baseline year. Cargo service was assumed to have 

the same ozone season proportions as passenger service. 

Noise monitoring data from May to August 2008 provided individual flight records 

containing airline names, touchdown/take off times, aircraft type, and aircraft category. 

Weekday to weekend proportions for general aviation operations were derived from 

touchdown/take off times. Military operations were assumed to have similar weekdayto-weekend proportions as general aviation. Please see Appendix A, Estimation of 

Emissions from Aircraft Operations, for more details. 

The proportion of total annual operations that occur during all weekdays in the ozone 

season is shown in Table 3-2. 
HAS608 3-3 

Table 3-2 

2005 OZONE SEASON WEEKDAY OPERATIONS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airport Passenger (a) Cargo 

General 

Aviation (b) Military (a)

IAH 56.3% 56.3% 62.3% 70.8% 

HOU 57.7% -- 60.7% 70.7% 

EFD n/a 61.9% 62.3% 63.9% 

(a) Source: FAA 2008 Terminal Area Forecast database. 

(b) Source: 2008 Noise Monitoring data, May-August. 

3.2.2 Future Aircraft Operations 

The baseline aircraft operations at HOU for each category were derived from the 2008 

TAF forecast numbers. The TAF forecast is an annual evaluation by the FAA of 

projected aviation growth. At EFD, neither the military nor National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration (NASA) have any published plans for expansion. The growth for 

general aviation operations was derived from the high growth scenario in the 2004 

Master Plan. Tables 3-3 and 3-4 show the growth factors from the baseline year at HOU 

and EFD, respectively. The forecast for future operations at IAH was derived from 

preliminary estimates as part of the Master Plan and Capital Improvement Plan 

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The forecast operations were based on the 2008 

TAF forecast accounting for the retirement cycle of aircraft and expected airport 

improvements. Table 3-5 shows the growth factors from the baseline year at IAH. 

Table 3-3 

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS GROWTH FACTORS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year Passenger Cargo 

General 

Aviation Military 

2011 -5.2% -- -2.5% 88.6% 

2014 -2.8% -- -0.6% 88.6% 

2017 2.5% -- 5.3% 88.6% 

2018 4.3% -- 7.4% 88.6% 

Source: FAA 2008 Terminal Area Forecast database. 
HAS608 3-4 

Table 3-4 

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS GROWTH FACTORS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year Passenger Cargo 

General 

Aviation (a) Military (b)

2011 -- 0% 23.8% 6.2%

2014 -- 0% 35.6% 9.4%

2017 -- 0% 47.2% 12.7%

2018 -- 0% 50.8% 13.8%

(a) Source: High growth case, 2004 Leigh Fisher Associates Master Plan 

(b) Assumes an annual 1% growth rate. 

Table 3-5 

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS GROWTH FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year Passenger Cargo 

General 

Aviation Military 

2011 6.4% 35.1% 18.4% 66.7% 

2014 15.5% 34.7% 21.6% 65.8% 

2017 24.1% 41.7% 25.3% 65.8% 

2018 27.2% 44.2% 27.8% 65.8% 

Source: FAA 2008 Terminal Area Forecast and HNTB analysis. 

3.3 BASELINE AND FUTURE FLEET MIX 

The fleet mix for each aircraft category was derived from several sources. Each 

different source is described below. For a more detailed explanation of the 

methodology and data as well as aircraft operations by airline, category, and aircraft 

type, please refer to Appendix A, Estimation of Emissions from Aircraft Operations. 
HAS608 3-5 

 Passenger Operations. An OAG summary of operations for each airport was 

collected for calendar year 2005 to obtain the percentage of operations by each 

airline operator and aircraft type. This information was then applied to the 

total annual and ozone season passenger operations from the 2008 TAF to get 

total operations by airline/aircraft type. 

 Cargo Operations. The 2008 noise monitoring data was queried to determine 

the cargo aircraft types and percentage of operations for each aircraft type. 

This information was then applied to the total annual and ozone season cargo 

operations to get total operations by airline/aircraft type. It was assumed that 

the fleet/engine type mix for cargo operations did not change significantly 

from 2005 to 2008.

 General Aviation Operations. The 2008 noise monitoring data was queried to 

determine the general aviation aircraft types and percentage of operations for 

each aircraft type. This information was then applied to the total annual and 

ozone season general aviation operations to get total operations by aircraft 

type. It was assumed that the fleet/engine type mix for general aviation 

operations did not change significantly from 2005 to 2008.

 Military Operations. The fleet mix and proportion of military aircraft at EFD 

was obtained from the 2004 Master Plan. This information was then applied to 

the total annual and ozone season military operations to get total operations by 

aircraft type. The small number of military operations at IAH and HOU were 

assumed to be of the prevalent helicopter type at EFD (H-65 Dolphin).

The baseline fleet mix at EFD and HOU were assumed to remain constant through the 

entire assessment period. 

At IAH, the baseline fleet mix was adjusted based on preliminary estimates as part of 

the Master Plan and Capital Improvement Plan Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), 

which accounts for shift in aircraft type as a result of aircraft fleet retirement and airport 

improvements though the study period. 

A separate fleet mix forecast was prepared for each of the major activity categories at 

IAH, including scheduled and charter passenger carrier, all-cargo, air taxi and other, 

general aviation, and military. The passenger and cargo fleet mixes were based on 

survey input from the air carriers, and supplemented with available information on 

aircraft orders and retirements. In both instances, required lift capacity (seat departures 

or tonnage capacity) was estimated based on the passenger and cargo forecasts in 

conjunction with load factor estimates. The lift capacity was used as a control to ensure 

that the fleet mix and aircraft operation forecasts were consistent with the passenger 

enplanement and cargo tonnage forecasts. Changes in the general aircraft type (jet, 

turboprop, and piston) for air taxi and general aviation were based on the FAA national 

forecasts for each of those categories. Within each category, operations by aircraft no 

longer in production were assumed to decline and operations by aircraft still in 
HAS608 3-6 

production were assumed to increase. The military fleet mix was assumed to remain 

constant. 

3.4 AIRCRAFT ENGINE TYPE 

Aircraft type to engine type matching is an essential part of an accurate estimation of 

emissions from aircraft operations. EDMS considers each aircraft as a combination of a 

specific aircraft type and engine type. EDMS suggests a default engine type for most 

aircraft types. For the purpose of this study, it was essential to determine the engine 

type(s) for every aircraft category/airline/aircraft type combination. 

For commercial passenger airlines and cargo operators, the combinations of 

airline/aircraft type/engine types operating at HAS were derived using the 2007/2008 

edition of JP Airline-Fleets International (JP Fleets). JP Fleets contains engine type 

information for each airline, air taxi, large non-commercial government, and corporate 

operator. If an aircraft category/airline/aircraft type was found to have more than one 

engine type match in JP Fleets, then a proportional distribution of engine types was 

used. 

For general aviation and military aircraft, the default engine type in EDMS was used. If 

EDMS did not have a default engine type, then the most common engine type for that 

particular aircraft type was used. Please refer to Appendix A for a complete listing by 

aircraft category/airline/aircraft type/engine type for each airport. 

3.5 AIRCRAFT OPERATING TIMES 

Operating times for aircraft, baseline taxi in/taxi out, baseline taxi in/taxi out by 

aircraft type, and future taxi in/taxi out are described below. 

3.5.1 Airborne Operating Times 

EDMS models aircraft landing-takeoff cycles in six modes of operation, approach, taxi 

in, startup, taxi out, takeoff, and climb out. The modes “taxi out” and “taxi in” have 

identical emission factors, and any time spent idling is calculated using the same 

emission factors. These modes combined are often referred to as the “taxi/idle.” 

EDMS uses two different methods of calculating emissions from the airborne modes of 

operation—climb out, approach and takeoff. 

 Static operating times developed by the International Civil Aviation 

Organization (ICAO) and U.S. EPA 

 Dynamic operating times using the methodology presented in the Society of 

Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Information Report (AIR) 1845. 

Since the FAA mandates the use of the dynamic performance model for airport 

analyses, the internal dynamic performance module in EDMS was used to compute 

operating times for the baseline year at all three airports and all future SIP 

Demonstration and currently planned Attainment years at HOU, IAH and EFD. This 
HAS608 3-7 

module is also more precise and takes into account aircraft type, engine, weight, 

approach angle, elevation, and weather. However, the module does not take into 

account any delay due to queuing or congestion in the airspace. 

3.5.2 Baseline Taxi in/Taxi out Operating Times 

Taxi times can be broken down into two components—unimpeded and delay. 

Unimpeded taxi time represents the time that it would take an aircraft to traverse all the 

taxiways and taxi paths to arrive at the gate or depart from the runway. Annual 

average taxi in and taxi out times by arrival and departure runway were obtained for 

IAH and HOU from the FAA Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) database 

for the baseline year. The annual average taxi times include the unimpeded taxi time 

and any associated delay. 

Tables 3-6 and 3-7 show the 2005 taxi in and taxi out times at IAH and HOU. 

Table 3-6 

2005 ANNUAL AVERAGE TAXI TIMES AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway End 

Taxi In Time 

(mins) 

Taxi Out Time 

(mins) 

8L 9.17 19.53 

8R 9.17 19.53 

15L 8.45 (a) 20.84 

15R 8.45 (a) 20.84 

9 9.66 19.27 

26L 8.25 19.77 

26R 8.25 19.77 

33L 8.45 (b) 22.72 

33R 8.45 (b) 22.72 

27 7.61 20.51 

(a) Source: FAA ASPM database. 

(b) No data available, assumed average taxi time for entire 

airfield. 
HAS608 3-8 

Table 3-7 

2005 ANNUAL AVERAGE TAXI TIMES AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway End 

Taxi In Time 

(mins) 

Taxi Out Time 

(mins) 

12L 4.67 8.74 

12R 4.67 8.74 

30L 3.72 10.36 

30R 3.72 10.36 

17 4.55 8.74 

35 4.28 (a) 10.36 

4 3.51 10.73 

22 4.55 9.72 

(a) Source: FAA ASPM database. 

(b) No data available, assumed average taxi time for airfield 

At EFD, unimpeded taxi times were computed for each arrival and departure runway 

based on the taxiing distance from/to the respective runway end and an average 

taxiing speed of 15 miles per hour (mph). It was assumed that the delay at EFD was 

insignificant and the unimpeded taxi time represented the total taxi time. Table 3-8 

shows the taxi distances and corresponding taxi times. 
HAS608 3-9 

Table 3-8 

2005 UNIMPEDED TAXI TIMES AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway 

end 

Taxi In distance 

(feet) (a) 

Taxi Out 

distance (feet) (a) 

Taxi In time 

(mins) (b) 

Taxi Out time 

(mins) (b)

17L 3,375 5,576 4.1 6.8 

17R 4,868 4,582 5.9 5.6 

35L 4,147 5,507 5.0 6.7 

35R 5,042 4,048 6.1 4.9 

4 8,493 4,324 10.3 5.2 

22 3,134 8,105 3.8 9.8 

17L 3,375 5,576 4.1 6.8 

17R 4,868 4,582 5.9 5.6 

(a) Taxi in and out distances computed from Google Earth. 

(b) Taxi in and out times based on average speed of 15 mph. 

3.5.3 Baseline Taxi in/Taxi out Operating Times by Aircraft Type 

To quantify emissions more accurately, taxi times were derived by aircraft type instead 

of using an average taxi time for all aircraft. To determine taxi times by aircraft type, 

the 2008 noise monitoring data were used to derive runway utilization proportions by 

aircraft type. An average taxi in and taxi out time by aircraft type was computed by 

calculating a weighed average of the runway utilization for each aircraft type with the 

associated taxi times for that runway. Appendix A contains the taxi in and out times for 

2005 by aircraft type. 

3.5.4 Future Taxi in/Taxi out Operating Times 

Future taxi times at HOU were computed based on airfield delay projections. As part of 

the 2003 HOU Master Plan, a demand/capacity analysis was conducted linking aircraft 

delay as a function of demand. The delay represented the average annual delay for the 

entire airfield. Based on the demand/capacity analysis, a relationship was derived 

between demand and delay. This relationship was projected to compute delay based 

on aircraft demand from the 2008 TAF for the SIP Demonstration and currently planned 

Attainment years. The increase in the aircraft delay was added to the baseline taxi 

times to estimate future taxi times. It was assumed that the taxi delay component 

increased proportionally with total airfield delay. Tables 3-9 and 3-10 show the baseline 

and future projections of taxi in and taxi out times at HOU aggregated by runway. 
HAS608 3-10 

Table 3-9 

TAXI IN TIMES BY RUNWAY AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi 

In Total Taxi in Time (mins) 

Year Delay Rwy 12L Rwy 12R Rwy 30L Rwy 30R Rwy 17 Rwy 35 Rwy 4 Rwy 22

2005 1.05 4.67 4.67 3.72 3.72 4.55 4.28 3.51 4.55 

2011 1.40 4.43 4.43 3.48 3.48 4.31 4.04 3.27 4.31 

2014 1.89 4.62 4.62 3.67 3.67 4.50 4.23 3.46 4.50 

2017 2.55 4.97 4.97 4.02 4.02 4.85 4.58 3.81 4.85 

2018 3.32 5.12 5.12 4.17 4.17 5.00 4.73 3.96 5.00 

Table 3-10 

TAXI OUT TIMES BY RUNWAY AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi 

Out Total Taxi Out Time (mins) 

Year Delay Rwy 12L Rwy 12R Rwy 30L Rwy 30R Rwy 17 Rwy 35 Rwy 4 Rwy 22

2005 1.05 8.74 8.74 10.36 10.36 8.74 10.36 10.73 9.72 

2011 3.35 8.16 8.16 9.78 9.78 8.16 9.78 10.15 9.14 

2014 4.54 8.61 8.61 10.23 10.23 8.61 10.23 10.60 9.59 

2017 6.11 9.46 9.46 11.08 11.08 9.46 11.08 11.45 10.44 

2018 7.97 9.81 9.81 11.43 11.43 9.81 11.43 11.80 10.79 

At EFD, no airfield delays are expected to occur owing to increase in general aviation 

operations. Consequently, baseline taxi times were kept constant for future years. 

At IAH, the delay represented the average annual delay for the entire airfield. Based on 

the demand/capacity analysis, a relationship was derived between demand and delay. 

This relationship was projected to compute delay based on aircraft demand from the 

2008 TAF for the study years. An average unimpeded taxi in and taxi out time for the 

airport was determined based on a weighed average of the runway utilization and the 

estimated travel distance between each runway and the terminal. These projected taxi 

times account for the construction of Runway 8C/26C and 9R/27L and several taxiway 
HAS608 3-11 

improvements. Appendix A contains the projected runway utilization used for this 

analysis. 

Tables 3-11 and 3-12 show the baseline and future projections of taxi in and taxi out 

times at IAH aggregated by runway. 

Table 3-11 

TAXI IN TIMES AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi in Time (min) 

Year Delay 

Travel 

Time Total 

2005 2.70 6.00 8.70

2011 2.89 6.20 9.09

2014 3.13 6.20 9.33

2017 3.36 5.25 8.61

2018 3.44 5.25 8.69

Source FAA Aviation System Performance 

Metrics, 2006 DMJM George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 
HAS608 3-12 

Table 3-12 

TAXI OUT TIMES AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi in Time (min) 

Year Delay 

Travel 

Time Total 

2005 6.90 13.90 20.80 

2011 7.38 14.43 21.81 

2014 7.99 14.43 22.42 

2017 8.58 8.48 17.06 

2018 8.79 8.48 17.27 

Source FAA Aviation System Performance 

Metrics, 2006 DMJM George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 
Section 4 

AUXILIARY POWER UNITS 
HAS608 4-1 

Section 4 

AUXILIARY POWER UNITS 

4.1 INTRODUCTION 

Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) are on-board 

generators that provide electrical power to an 

aircraft while its engines are shut down. These 

generators supply the aircraft with power for 

comfort heating and cooling air, lights, and 

electronics as well as restarting the jet engines. If 

the aircraft is parked at a gate that can provide 

preconditioned air (PCA) and ground power, then 

its APU can be turned off while loading and 

unloading passengers. The APU is, in effect, a 

small jet engine and the calculations for the 

emissions generated by it are similar to those of an 

aircraft engine operating in one power setting only. 

4.2 AIRCRAFT ENGINE-APU COMBINATION 

Within EDMS there is an extensive list of 

aircraft/engine/APU combinations. When detailed information could not be obtained 

by the airlines, the EDMS default APU type was used, as defined by EDMS for each 

aircraft/engine type. 

4.3 APU TIMES COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY 

For commercial scheduled operations, the operating time that an APU unit functions 

depends on the time that an aircraft spends on the ground with the main engines shut 

down (also known as gate occupancy time) and whether there is PCA/ground power at 

the gate. The weather can also influence operating times as APU units are not typically 

employed during temperatures ranging from 35O to 55O Fahrenheit. 

If the gate is equipped with PCA, then the APU operates for a minimum period during 

the start up and shut down process of the aircraft. FAA guidance recommends a 

default of 7 minutes of APU use per landing-and-takeoff (LTO) cycle for all aircraft 

parked at gates that provide PCA and electricity. 

The gates that have PCA have a minimum default APU time of 7 minutes per LTO. The 

gates that do not have PCA would have higher APU usage equivalent to the gate 

occupancy time. Depending on the number of gates that are equipped with PCA, a 

weighted average APU time was computed. 

For example, if 70% of gates had PCA and the average gate occupancy time by airline 

and aircraft type was 30 minutes, then the weighted average APU usage time per LTO 
HAS608 4-2 

would be (70% x 7) + (30% x 30) = 13.9 minutes. For a detailed explanation, please refer 

to Appendix B, Estimation of Emissions from Auxiliary Power Units. 

All 154 gates at IAH in 2005 had PCA and thus have a default APU of 7 minutes. At 

HOU in 2005, some gates were equipped with PCA and thus the above mentioned 

methodology was used to compute APU usage times for commercial scheduled 

operations. EFD has no scheduled commercial operations and thus, no PCA usage. 

For general aviation and cargo operations, which usually do not use a gate, the default 

APU time in EDMS was used if the aircraft type had an APU unit on board. The default 

is 26 minutes per LTO. 

4.3.1 HOU Gate Occupancy Times (2005) 

The gate occupancy times were derived from the 2005 schedule for commercial 

scheduled operations from the OAG. Jacobs Consultancy’s proprietary flight matching 

software was used to match flights to determine the turnaround time for each LTO. The 

turnaround times were capped at 60 minutes for aircraft that overnight at HOU and 

other flights with extensive on-ground times during the day. The gate occupancy times 

were aggregated by airline and aircraft type. Table 4-1 shows the gate occupancy times 

at HOU. 

4.3.2 HOU PCA Availability (2005) 

There were 23 operational gates at HOU in 2005. Of the 23 gates, 18 gates were not 

equipped with PCA and five gates were equipped with PCA. It was assumed that PCA 

was used for every flight at the five gates equipped with PCA. 

4.3.3 APU Temperature Analysis 

Five years (2003 through 2007) of temperature data from IAH were analyzed to identify 

the time when the temperature was between 35F and 55F (time when an APU would 

not need to be running). The remaining hours would be when an APU would be 

operating (i.e., when the temperatures are lower than 35F or greater than 55F). Only 

hours between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m. were considered since few commercial flight 

operations take place at HOU outside this time frame. 

Based on temperature analysis, it was determined that APUs were utilized 84.19% and 

91.37% of the time during the annual and ozone season, respectively. As expected, due 

to the higher temperatures during this time of year, APU usage is higher during the 

ozone season. 
HAS608 4-3 

Table 4-1 

2005 GATE OCCUPANCY TIMES IN MINUTES AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline Aircraft Type 

Average Gate 

Occupancy 

Time (a)

American Eagle ER4 35.5 

American Eagle ERD 35.8 

Continental Express ERJ 60.0 

American M80 23.8 

American M83 23.3 

Continental 735 60.0 

Delta 732 54.5 

Delta 738 52.1 

Delta M80 60.0 

Atlantic Southeast CR7 44.0 

Atlantic Southeast CRJ 38.3 

Airtran 717 37.0 

Southwest 733 31.4 

Southwest 735 28.6 

Southwest 73G 35.8 

Southwest 73S 23.5 

Midwest 717 34.0 

 

(a) Source: Derived from 2005 Schedule pulled from 

Official Airline Guide, Back Aviation Solution 

4.4 BASELINE APU TIMES 

The APU operating times were computed based on the methodology previously 

mentioned. Table 4-2 shows the APU operating times at HOU in 2005 and Table 4-3 

shows the APU operating times at IAH in 2005. 
HAS608 4-4 

Table 4-2 

2005 APU OPERATING TIMES (IN MINUTES) PER LTO AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline 

Aircraft 

Type Annual 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

Passenger 

American M80 17.2 18.5 

American M83 16.9 18.2 

ATA 733 21.3 23.0 

Atlantic Southeast CRJ 26.8 28.9 

Atlantic Southeast CR7 30.5 33.0 

Continental Express ERJ 41.1 44.4 

American Eagle ERD 25.1 27.1 

Continental 735 41.1 44.4 

Delta 732 37.4 40.5 

Delta 738 35.8 38.8 

Delta 738 35.8 38.8 

Delta M80 41.1 44.4 

American Eagle ERD 25.1 27.1 

American Eagle ER4 24.9 26.9 

American Eagle ER4 24.9 26.9 

Delta 738 35.8 38.8 

Southwest 733 22.2 24.0 

Southwest 733 22.2 24.0 

Southwest 735 20.4 22.0 

Southwest 73G 25.1 27.1 

Airtran 717 25.9 28.0 

Midwest 717 23.9 25.8 

General Aviation and Cargo 

Unknown All 13 13 
HAS608 4-5 

Table 4-3 

2005 APU OPERATING TIMES (IN MINUTES) PER LTO AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Annual 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

Passenger 7 7 

General Aviation 26 26 

Cargo 26 26 

Military 26 26 

4.5 FUTURE APU TIMES 

For future APU times, the gate occupancy times and temperature data were assumed to 

remain the same as in 2005. For this inventory, the PCA equipages of the gates were 

changed to reflect the retirement of units as they reach the end of their 13-year useful 

life. In 2008, all gates at HOU and IAH were equipped with PCA. Because the actual 

ages of the units are unknown, an age distribution was applied so that two PCA units 

were assumed to retire every year at HOU and 12 PCA units were assumed to retire 

every year at IAH. Tables 4-4 and 4-5 show the anticipated future PCA equipage at 

HOU and IAH, respectively. 
HAS608 4-6 

Table 4-4 

FUTURE PCA EQUIPAGE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Gates 

Equipped Total Gates % Equipped 

2011 19 25 76.0% 

2014 13 25 52.0% 

2017 7 25 28.0% 

2018 5 25 20.0% 

(a) Two PCA units retired every year. 

Table 4-5 

FUTURE PCA EQUIPAGE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Gates 

Equipped Total Gates % Equipped 

2011 99 169 58% 

2014 72 178 41% 

2017 45 187 24% 

2018 35 189 19% 

(a) Twelve PCA units retired every year. 

As noted, the cumulative APU operating time is inversely proportional to the number 

of gates having PCA units. As the number of PCA units decline, the APU operating 

times increase. It is anticipated that HAS will replace the retired PCA with new units. 

However, this emission inventory assumes the PCA are not replaced. Tables 4-6 and 

4-7 show the projected future APU operating times at HOU and IAH, respectively, 

through the SIP Demonstration and currently planned Attainment years. For IAH, APU 

usage was equally represented for each airline. 
HAS608 4-7 

Table 4-6 

FUTURE APU TIMES (IN MINUTES) AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

2011 

Annual 

Season 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

Season 

2014 

Ozone 

Season

2017 

Annual 

Season 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

2018 

Annual 

Season 

2018 

Ozone 

Season

Passenger 

American M80 9.6 9.9 12.2 12.9 14.8 15.8 15.7 16.8 

American M83 9.5 9.9 12.0 12.7 14.6 15.6 15.4 16.5 

ATA 733 10.7 11.1 14.3 15.2 18.0 19.2 19.2 20.6 

Atlantic Southeast CRJ 12.0 12.6 17.1 18.2 22.1 23.8 23.8 25.7 

Atlantic Southeast CR7 13.0 13.6 19.0 20.3 25.0 26.9 27.0 29.1 

Unknown/UNK ERJ 15.7 16.6 24.4 26.1 33.1 35.7 36.0 38.9 

American Eagle ERD 11.6 12.1 16.3 17.3 20.9 22.4 22.4 24.1 

Unknown/UNK 735 15.7 16.6 24.4 26.1 33.1 35.7 36.0 38.9 

Delta 732 14.8 15.6 22.6 24.1 30.3 32.7 32.9 35.5 

Delta 738 14.4 15.1 21.7 23.2 29.1 31.4 31.6 34.1 

Delta 738 14.4 15.1 21.7 23.2 29.1 31.4 31.6 34.1 

Delta M80 15.7 16.6 24.4 26.1 33.1 35.7 36.0 38.9 

American Eagle ERD 11.6 12.1 16.3 17.3 20.9 22.4 22.4 24.1 

American Eagle ER4 11.6 12.1 16.2 17.2 20.7 22.3 22.3 24.0 

American Eagle ER4 11.6 12.1 16.2 17.2 20.7 22.3 22.3 24.0 

Delta 738 14.4 15.1 21.7 23.2 29.1 31.4 31.6 34.1 

Southwest 733 10.9 11.3 14.8 15.7 18.7 20.0 20.0 21.5 

Southwest 733 10.9 11.3 14.8 15.7 18.7 20.0 20.0 21.5 

Southwest 735 10.4 10.8 13.8 14.7 17.2 18.5 18.4 19.8 

Southwest 73G 11.6 12.1 16.3 17.3 20.9 22.4 22.4 24.1 

Airtran 717 11.8 12.4 16.7 17.7 21.5 23.1 23.1 24.9 

Midwest 717 11.3 11.8 15.6 16.6 20.0 21.4 21.4 23.0 

General Aviation and Cargo 

Unknown/UNK All 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 
HAS608 4-8 

Table 4-7 

FUTURE APU TIMES (IN MINUTES) AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Category 

2011 

Annual 

Season 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

Season 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

Season 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

2018 

Annual 

Season 

2018 

Ozone 

Season 

Passenger 10.7 11.4 13.8 14.9 16.6 18.0 17.6 19.0 

General Aviation 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 

Cargo 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 

Military 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 
Section 5 

GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 
HAS608 5-1 

Section 5 

GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 

5.1 INTRODUCTION 

GSE encompasses all equipment that is needed to 

service aircraft on the ground during a normal 

turnaround. Aircraft operations may require 

specialized services (e.g., passenger airlines 

require catering trucks, while cargo operations 

require forklifts). All of these ground service 

operations are accounted for in this source group, 

except for emissions generated by GSE owned or 

operated by Continental Airlines (COA) and 

Southwest Airlines (SWA). 

5.2 METHODOLOGY 

EDMS offers two methods for estimation of GSE emissions, (1) an activity-based 

method, or (2) a population-based method. With the activity-based method, the model 

assigns levels of GSE activity per aircraft operation for each aircraft specified in the 

model. This approach quantifies emissions based on the number of aircraft operations 

and the GSE typical for each aircraft. In the population-based method, an inventory of 

equipment is developed and linked with annual hours of usage to calculate an 

emissions inventory from hourly emissions factors. In this assessment, GSE activity 

was segregated into two location categories: 

 GSE activity within the vicinity of the aircraft 

 GSE activity beyond the vicinity of the aircraft 

For GSE activity within the vicinity of the aircraft, an activity-based method was used 

and for GSE activity beyond the vicinity of the aircraft, a population-based method was 

used. For each GSE type, the default equipment listed in EDMS was used, including the 

following parameters: 

 Rated Power (horsepower) 

 Load Factor 

 Age Distribution 

5.3 GSE ACTIVITY WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE AIRCRAFT 

This category accounts for all GSE activity within the immediate vicinity of the aircraft 

(servicing the aircraft) on the ground. The activity-based method was used to model all 

activity around an aircraft. A time-in-mode survey (TiM) was performed for all three 

airports to capture relevant operating times for each type of GSE equipment. 
HAS608 5-2 

5.3.1 Overview 

The operating times were aggregated to estimate 

representative operating times by aircraft categories (i.e. 

wide body, narrow body, regional jet, turbo prop) and were 

used for all aircraft types in that category. The total GSE 

activity time is the product of the operating times per LTO 

and the number of operations for that aircraft category. For 

future operations, the total GSE activity time for each 

aircraft type was scaled proportionately to the increase in 

operations of the respective aircraft. The time-in-mode survey is described below along 

with the aggregated results. For detailed observations, please refer to Appendix C, 

Estimation of Emissions from Ground Support Equipment. 

5.3.2 Time-in-Mode Survey 

The TiM represents the total time each category of GSE spends servicing an aircraft 

during a complete LTO cycle. The measurements taken in the TiM survey were based 

on GSE usage by airline tenants at HOU and IAH. It should be noted that the GSE 

measurements excluded SWA GSE activity at HOU, except for fueling trucks, and 

excluded COA GSE activity at IAH, except for approximately 20 percent of the COA 

fueling fleet. Real-time observations were made to record the actual GSE serving times. 

The measurements represent GSE usage times during a series of weekdays during third 

quarter 2008. This usage time was deemed to be representative of typical aircraft 

servicing times. The total GSE activity is determined by multiplying the GSE operating 

time per aircraft operation by the annual aircraft operations. Individual aircraft 

operations vary from year to year, but the GSE operating times for the different aircraft 

types should remain relatively constant. Accordingly, the 2008 usage times per aircraft 

operation were applied to 2005 aircraft operations. Additionally, for future years, it is 

assumed that GSE usage rates will remain relatively constant, with only the number of 

aircraft operations significantly changing. 

Observations were made at passenger terminals, 

hardstand locations (passenger boarding areas 

located away from the terminal), and cargo and 

freight facilities, and included air carrier, commuter, 

general aviation, and cargo aircraft. Timing of GSE 

began when the equipment arrived in the vicinity of 

the aircraft and ended when the equipment 

departed. Care was taken to differentiate between 

parking near the aircraft with the engine turned off 

and actual operation. For example, while a 

pushback tug may be hooked up to an aircraft’s 

landing gear for the duration of the event, the 

recorded time only reflected the actual time that the 

tug engine was operating. The total recorded time 
HAS608 5-3 

for each type of equipment was the sum of the times for each individual piece of 

equipment of that type. For example, most aircraft require multiple bag tug operations. 

Each tug operation was recorded and all operations were summed for a final overall 

time. An effort was made to make from six to ten observations for each category of 

aircraft, but some categories registered fewer measurements. 

Typical GSE vehicles that service aircraft 

during routine operations include: bag 

tractors, belt loaders, catering service 

trucks, fuel tanker trucks, hydrant fueling 

carts, lavatory trucks, potable water 

trucks, aircraft tractors, container loaders, 

and cargo loaders. Most GSE vehicles at 

the airports are powered by diesel fuel, 

but some are powered by gasoline. 

Aircraft were organized into six general categories based on airframe size and 

passenger or cargo capacity. Additionally, GSE operations are similar in duration and 

frequency throughout each category of aircraft. Tables 5-1 and 5-2 show the GSE 

operating times per operation at IAH and HOU, respectively. If the TiM survey yielded 

no measurements for a GSE servicing a particular aircraft type, it was noted with a “(b)” 

in the tables. The maximum equipment horsepower for each GSE assignment was 

assumed to be representative of each category 
HAS608 5-4 

Table 5-1 

GSE OPERATING MINUTES PER LTO AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Category Operator 

Aircraft 

Class 

Bag 

Tractor

Belt 

Loader

Catering

Truck 

Fuel 

Truck (a)

Aircraft 

Tractor

Lavatory 

Truck 

Cont. 

Loader

Cargo 

Loader

Passenger

Stand Gen

Cargo All All 120 (c) (b) (b) 65 5 (b) 77.5 77.5 (b) 

General Aviation UNK All (b) (b) (b) 21.5 (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 2

Passenger All except COA, SWA Narrow Body 19 35.2 16 (c) 15.3 6 17 (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger COA Narrow Body (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger SWA Narrow Body (b) (b) (b) 15.3 (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) Passenger All except COA Wide Body 89 96.4 116.4 49.7 5 43.9 91.4 91.4 78.3 

Passenger COA Wide Body (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger All except COA, BTA Commuter 14.4 17.2 10 (c) 10.8 6.7 15 (c) (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger BTA Commuter 14.4 17.2 11.2 (b) 6.7 4.8 (b) (b) (b) Passenger COA Commuter (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

Helicopter All All 12 (c)

Military (C-17) All All 20 (c) 12

Military (T-38) All All 20 (c) 2BTA = Continental Express; COA = Continental Airlines; FBO = Fixed base operator; GPU = Ground Power Unit; SWA = Southwest Airlines; UNK = Unknowsurvey conducted in October and November 2008 Source: Field survey conducted in October and November 2008. (a) Only fuel trucks/carts modeled for COA and SWA. Based on available information, 80% of the fuel trucks were owned/operated by COA in 2005. In fu

100% of the fuel truck fleet. In 2005, Atlantic Aviation provided fuel trucks for SWA. In future scenarios, SWA owns and operates their own fuel trucks athe emissions inventory in the future. 

(b) No visual observation of GSE activity. 

(c) Although not observed, equipment was included in analysis.
HAS608 5-5 

Table 5-2 

GSE OPERATING MINUTES PER LTO AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Operator 

Aircraft 

Class 

Bag 

Tractor

Belt 

Loader

Catering

Truck 

Fuel 

Truck 

(a)

Aircraft 

Tractor

Lavatory

Truck 

Container 

Loader 

Cargo 

Loader

Passenger

Stand Generato

General Aviation All All (b) (b) (b) 13.7 (b) 2.0 (b) (b) (b) 27.0 

Passenger 

All 

except 

COA, 

SWA 

Narrow 

Body 15 23.5 (b) 9 4.25 (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger COA Narrow Body (b) (b) (b) 9 (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger SWA(a) Narrow Body (b) (b) (b) 9.6 (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

Passenger All Commuter 11.3 23.3 (b) 7.7 4.3 (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) 

BTA = Continental Express; COA = Continental Airlines; FBO = Fixed base operator; GPU = Ground Power Unit; SWA = Southwest Ai

Source: Field survey conducted in October and November 2008 

(a) Only fuel trucks/carts modeled for COA and SWA. Based on available information, 80% of fuel trucks were owned/operated by C

years, COA will own/operate 100% of the fuel truck fleet. In 2005, Atlantic Aviation provided fuel trucks for SWA. In future scenoperates their own fuel trucks and thus wasn’t included as part of the emissions inventory in the future. 

(b) No visual observations were made. 
HAS608 5-6 

5.4 GSE ACTIVITY BEYOND THE VICINITY OF THE AIRCRAFT 

GSE activity occurs beyond the immediate vicinity of aircraft in direct support of an 

aircraft operation—either traveling to the gate or transporting items and materials. The 

population based method was used to model all GSE activity beyond the vicinity of the 

aircraft and entails calculating an annual hourly usage by GSE type. This activity 

typically represents traveling distance/time from one aircraft to another for a bag tug or 

from the fuel farm to the aircraft. 

5.4.1 Overview 

Only the following GSE types were determined to have significant emissions beyond 

the vicinity of the aircraft were accounted for: 

 Aircraft Tractor 

 Belt Loaders 

 Bag Tractor 

 Fuel Trucks 

For aircraft tractor, belt loaders, and bag tractor an average distance per LTO by GSE 

type was estimated based on a distance survey. This was then multiplied with the 

number of pieces of GSE needed per LTO to estimate the total distance traveled by each 

GSE type per LTO. The number of pieces of GSE required per LTO depends on the 

aircraft class. Table 5-3 shows the number of GSE pieces typically needed to service a 

single aircraft operation by aircraft class. 

EDMS accepts annual consumption in terms of hours of usage. The total distance was 

thus converted to time based on an average speed. The average speed was assumed to 

be 10 mph for all GSE types. 

5.4.2 Distance Survey 

To account for GSE emissions away from the aircraft, assumptions were made about the 

purpose and destination of typical activity away from the aircraft. These assumptions 

include: 

 Bag Tractors were assumed to travel the perimeter of the terminals to deliver 

baggage to other aircraft and terminal baggage collection points 

 Belt loaders were located close to each passenger gate and, therefore, traveled a 

smaller distance per aircraft operation 

 Aircraft Tractor were located at virtually every passenger gate and travel 

distances were measured from the gate to the point on the taxiway/apron area 

where the aircraft was released 

 It was also assumed that aircraft-to-aircraft transfer of baggage occurred within 

the same general category of aircraft. The ratio of terminal passengers to 

connecting passengers was carried over to the ratio of bag tug operations with 

the proper travel distance applied 
HAS608 5-7 

Table 5-3 

GSE REQUIREMENTS PER LTO 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Class

Bag 

Tractor Belt Loader

Aircraft 

Tractor 

Commuter 2 1 1 

Narrow Body 4 2 1 

Wide Body 4 2 1 

Using Google EarthTM, approximate GSE travel route distances were determined for 

each type of GSE. Table 5-4 and 5-5 shows the average distance estimated from the 

distance survey by GSE type at IAH and HOU. 

Table 5-4 

AVERAGE DISTANCE IN MILES PER LTO AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Type Commuter Narrow Body Wide Body 

Aircraft Tractor 0.16 0.20 0.30 

Belt Loader 0.20 0.20 0.20 

Bag Tractor 0.52 0.52 0.53 

Source: Field survey conducted in November 2008. 
HAS608 5-8 

Table 5-5 

AVERAGE DISTANCE IN MILES PER LTO AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Type Commuter Narrow Body Wide Body 

Aircraft Tractor 0.19 0.19 (a) 

Belt Loader 0.03 0.03 (a) 

Bag Tractor 0.42 0.42 (a) 

Source: Field survey conducted by Jacobs Consultancy in 

November 2008 and Southwest Airlines in 

February 2009 

(a) Wide body aircraft do not utilize HOU. 

The annual hours of equipment usage by GSE type was estimated by the product of the 

average distance by aircraft class and GSE type with the number of pieces of GSE 

equipment per LTO. This usage was converted to an annual hourly consumption based 

on visual observations of an approximate average speed of 10 mph and the number of 

annual operations for that aircraft class. GSE were not observed idling for extended 

periods of time. For future scenarios, the total annual consumption was scaled up 

based on future aircraft operations for the annual and ozone season. 

For fuel trucks, annual mileage for each truck was obtained from HAS staff. The values 

for each vehicle were added to get the total annual mileage. The mileage was converted 

to annual hours of equipment usage based on an average speed of 10 mph. Total 

annual usage was scaled for future scenarios in the same proportion as commercial 

scheduled operations. Tables 5-6 and 5-7 show the 2005 annual hourly usage beyond 

the vicinity of the aircraft by GSE type at IAH and HOU. It should be noted that 

minimal GSE activity was reported at EFD due to the lack of commercial aircraft 

activity. 
HAS608 5-9 

Table 5-6 

ANNUAL HOURLY GSE USAGE AT IAH 

BEYOND THE VICINITY OF THE AIRCRAFT 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Type 

Fuel 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

Season 

2005 

Ozone 

Season

Aircraft Tractor Diesel 2,730   1,540  

Belt Loader Gasoline 3,670   2,070  

Bag Tractor Gasoline 18,930   10,650

Fuel Trucks Diesel 5,210   2,930  

Table 5-7 

ANNUAL HOURLY GSE USAGE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Type 

Fuel 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

Season 

2005 

Ozone 

Season

Aircraft Tractor Diesel 250 144 

Belt Loader Gasoline 59 134 

Bag Tractor Gasoline 1,672 965 

Fuel Trucks Diesel 1,785 1,030 

Tables 5-8 and 5-9 show the annual hourly usage beyond the vicinity of the aircraft by 

GSE type for HOU and IAH, respectively, for future scenarios. 
HAS608 5-10 

Table 5-8 

ANNUAL HOURLY GSE USAGE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE TYPE 

FUEL 

TYPE 

2005 

Annual 

Season 

2005 

Ozone 

Season

2011 

Annual 

Season 

2011 

Ozone 

Season

2014 

Annual 

Season 

2014 

Ozone 

Season

2017 

Annual 

Season 

2017 

Ozone 

Season

Aircraft Tractor Diesel 250 144 237 136 243 140 256 148 

Belt Loader Gasoline 59 34 56 32 58 33 61 35 

Bag Tractor Gasoline 1,672 965 1,584 915 1,625 938 1,713 989 

Fuel Trucks Diesel 1,785 1,030 1,692 976 1,735 1,001 1,829 1,055 

Table 5-9 

ANNUAL HOURLY GSE USAGE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE TYPE 

FUEL 

TYPE 

2005 

Annual 

Season 

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

2011 

Annual 

Season 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

Season 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

Season 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

Aircraft Tractor Diesel 2,730 1,540 2,922 1,648 3,162 1,784 3,395 1,915 Belt Loader Gasoline 3,670 2,070 3,928 2,215 4,251 2,398 4,564 2,574 Bag Tractor Gasoline 18,930 10,650 20,259 11,398 21,927 12,336 23,540 13,243 Fuel Trucks Diesel 5,210 2,930 5,576 3,136 6,035 3,394 6,479 3,643 
Section 6 

PARKING FACILITIES AND TERMINAL CURBSIDES 
HAS608 6-1 

Section 6 

PARKING FACILITIES AND TERMINAL CURBSIDES 

6.1 INTRODUCTION 

Parking emissions encompass all emissions from vehicular activity in on-airport 

parking facilities and terminal curbsides. All parking facilities, including public and 

employee lots, were modeled. 

6.2 METHODOLOGY 

To quantify emissions more accurately, all vehicular traffic in a parking lot was 

modeled for two vehicle classes. Each class was modeled separately to account for 

differences in emission factors. 

 Parking activity in public and employee parking lots. This was modeled as a 

mixture of light duty gasoline and diesel vehicles and trucks. 

 Parking shuttles traversing to and from parking lot to the terminal. Only the 

activity within the parking lot was accounted for. The on-roadway activity of 

the parking shuttles was accounted for in Section 7, Roadway Emissions. 

Emissions calculations are based on the traffic volumes in each facility as well as the 

average speed, idle time, and distance traveled by each vehicle within the facility. The 

average speed, idle time, and distance traveled are the parameters needed to compute 

the emission factors. The other parameters are manufactured year, elevation, and the 

average daily high and low temperatures, which come from the airport’s weather data. 

6.3 PARKING EMISSIONS FACTORS 

EDMS has a built-in on-road emission factor model to generate emissions factors for 

motor vehicles. The built-in model is a basic version of MOBILE6.2. It cannot be 

customized to local conditions and calculates emission factors based on the 

manufactured year of the vehicle. 

To account for local air quality agency input requirements (i.e., local temperatures and 

Inspection Maintenance programs, among others), the latest version of MOBILE6.2 was 

used outside of EDMS to calculate speed-dependant emission factors for on-road motor 

vehicles in Harris County based on inputs provided by TCEQ. MOBILE6.2 uses 

average vehicle travel speed and vehicle class distribution data to produce emission 

factors in units of grams per vehicle-mile for CO, VOCs, NOx, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. 

Passenger vehicles were modeled as a mixture of Light Duty Gas Vehicles (LDGV), 

Light Duty Gas Trucks (LDGT), and Light Duty Diesel Vehicles (LDDV). Shuttle vans 

were modeled as Light Duty Diesel Truck (LDDT) 2. 
HAS608 6-2 

Emission factors were input into EDMS in grams/vehicle. Emission factors from 

MOBILE6.2 were transformed into grams/vehicle based on a combination of idle time 

emission factor and the emission factor associated with the average speed of vehicles in 

the parking lot. The idle time emission factor corresponds to a speed of 2.5 mph. The 

idle time emission factor in grams/vehicle-mile was converted to grams/vehicle based 

on the idling time of the vehicle. The emission factor corresponding to the average 

speed was converted to grams/vehicle based on the distance traveled within the 

parking lot. Please refer to Appendix D, Estimation of Emissions from Parking Lots, for 

more details. 

6.3.1 Average Speed 

The average speed of vehicles traveling in the parking facility is one of the parameters 

necessary to determine the emission factors. Due to limited operating space and a 

combination of driving and idling, an average speed of 10 mph was assumed for all 

parking lots. 

6.3.2 Idle Time 

The idle time is the average time a vehicle spends idling between entering and exiting 

the parking lot and the dwell time spent at terminal curbsides. In most cases, the EDMS 

default of 1.5 minutes was used unless specific field observations were made. For IAH, 

terminal curbside dwell times were provided within the 2006 Master Plan by vehicle 

type and curbside type (arrival and departure).

6.3.3 Distance Traveled 

The distance traveled is the average distance a vehicle travels between entry and exit. 

For multistory parking lots, the distance traveled is a summation of the distance 

vertically to the desired level and horizontally after reaching the level. Vertical distance 

was calculated based on travel to a mid-level (example third level of a six-story 

structure) and back. The horizontal component was estimated based on an assumption 

that, on average, a vehicle would traverse two aisle lengths before finding a parking 

spot. For IAH, the curbside distance was based on information provided within the 

2006 Master Plan. 
HAS608 6-3 

6.4 PARKING EMISSION PARAMETERS 

Parking emission parameters are summarized below for IAH, HOU, and EFD. 

6.4.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

Parking counts (vehicles entering and exiting a lot) were performed in the following 

lots: public parking lots, employee parking lots, and the Consolidated Rental Car 

Center. 

 Public Parking Lots. Daily parking counts for the year 2005 were obtained 

from New South Parking—the private operator managing City-owned public 

parking lot operations at IAH. This was aggregated to annual (365-day) and 

ozone season (197-day) counts. 

 Employee Parking Lots. 24-hour parking counts were made for one weekday 

in October 2008 for the bigger parking lots. It was assumed that other parking 

lots had similar parking occupancy proportion. This proportion was applied to 

the total parking space to obtain parking demand for the other lots. Annual 

and ozone season parking counts were estimated by multiplying the daily 

counts with number of days in an annual and ozone season, respectively. 

 Consolidated Rental Car Center (CRC). 24-hour parking counts were done for 

one weekday in October 2008. Annual and ozone season parking counts were 

estimated by multiplying the daily counts with number of days in an annual 

and ozone season, respectively. 

 Miscellaneous Parking Lots. Several parking lots were included in the 

analysis for which data was lacking and which are relatively small but were 

determined important to include. These parking lots include Airport Services 

Center (Terminal D), Lot B, Airport Services Center (Terminal A), and Terminal 

A and D Managers. 

 Terminal Curbsides. Peak hour counts within the 2006 Master Plan were used 

to estimate annual curbside traffic volumes. The peak hour volumes were 

estimated to be 10% of the daily volumes. Annual and ozone season parking 

counts were estimated by multiplying the daily counts with number of days in 

an annual and ozone season, respectively. 

Tables 6-1a and 6-1b shows the 2005 traffic volumes, types, distance, speeds, and idle 

times for each parking facility and curbside, respectively, for 2005. Tables 6-2a and b 

shows the future traffic volumes for each parking facility and curbside, respectively. 

Future terminal curbsides volumes, dwell times, and curbside distances were provided 

within the 2006 Master Plan. Future parking facility volumes were based on the annual 

enplanements forecasted in the Master Plan adjusted to 2008 TAF. 

As part of the 2006 Master Plan, future parking facilities at IAH include an 8-story 

parking structure to replace the facilities at Terminal A/B, C, and D/E, and the 
HAS608 6-4 

miscellaneous parking lots, the addition of the Will Clayton Remote Parking, and an 

expansion of the Consolidated Rental Center. Future traffic volumes for these parking 

facilities were determined based on the estimates for the facilities it would be replacing 

or estimates as a function of its increase in size. 

Figure 6-1 shows the location of the on-airport (existing and future) parking facilities at 

IAH. 
HAS608 6-5 
HAS608 6-6 

Table 6-1a 

2005 PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot Lot Type 

Speed (mph) 

Distance 

Traveled 

(feet) 

Idle 

Time 

(min) Vehicle Type Fuel Type 

Terminal A-B Garage Public 10 639 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Air Cargo 1 Buses Cargo 10 638 1.5 Transit Buses Diesel Air Cargo 1 Trucks Cargo 10 638 1.5 Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel Air Cargo 2 Buses Cargo 10 625 1.5 Transit Buses Diesel Air Cargo 2 Trucks Cargo 10 625 1.5 Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel Air Cargo Lot 1 Cargo 10 638 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 

Air Cargo Lot 2 Cargo 10 625 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Terminal C East Garage Public 10 732 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Terminal C West Garage Public 10 1003 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Parking Cents Lot Public 10 1015 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Parking Cents Shuttle Public 10 2145 4 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel Continental Lot Employee 10 1097 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Continental Shuttle Employee 10 1692 2 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel CRC Center Rental 10 2229 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 

CRC Shuttle Rental 10 250 1.5 Transit Buses Gasoline Terminal D/E Garage Public 10 886 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Terminal A Rooftop Employee 10 823 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Terminal A West Employee 10 259 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Terminal B East Employee 10 382 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Terminal B Rooftop Employee 10 823 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Miscellaneous Parking Employee 10 1062 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 8-Story Parking Garage Public 10 1200 1.50 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Will Clayton Remote Parking Public 10 964 1.50 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline Will Clayton Remote Parking Shuttle Public 10 2036 4.00 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel CRC Center w/Expansion Rental 10 2452 1.50 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline CRC Shuttle w/Expansion Rental 10 275 4.00 Transit Buses Gasoline Source: New South Parking, 2005 and Jacobs, October 2008. 
HAS608 6-7 

Table 6-1b 

2005 TERMINAL CURBSIDE TRAFFIC AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Curbside Type 

Distance 

(feet) 

Idle 

Time 

(min) Vehicle Type Fuel Type 

2005 

Annual 

Terminal A Departures Public/Taxi 300 2.84 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 1,655,145 Terminal B Departures Public/Taxi 400 2.84 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 984,433 Terminal C Departures Public/Taxi 900 2.85 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 1,709,235 Terminal D Departures Public/Taxi 450 2.85 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 1,294,547 Terminal E Departures Public/Taxi 600 2.85 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 1,121,460 Terminal A Arrivals Public/Taxi 300 4.93 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 2,589,094 

Terminal B Arrivals Public/Taxi 400 4.92 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 1,435,180 Terminal C Arrivals Public/Taxi 900 4.93 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 4,053,122 

Terminal D Arrivals Public/Taxi 450 4.87 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 2,358,311 

Terminal E Arrivals Public/Taxi 600 4.87 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 1,337,819 Terminal A Departures Shuttle 300 1.34 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 198,329 Terminal B Departures Shuttle 400 1.34 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 198,329 Terminal C Departures Shuttle 900 1.24 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 378,628 Terminal D Departures Shuttle 450 1.66 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 252,419 Terminal E Departures Shuttle 600 1.21 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 270,449 

Terminal A Arrivals Shuttle 300 1.58 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 432,718 

Terminal B Arrivals Shuttle 400 1.50 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 288,478 Terminal C Arrivals Shuttle 900 2.16 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 631,047 Terminal D Arrivals Shuttle 450 1.92 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 252,419 Terminal E Arrivals Shuttle 600 2.33 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 414,688 

Source: 2006 DMJM George Bush Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 
HAS608 6-8 

Table 6-2a 

FUTURE PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 2017 Annual

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

Terminal A-B Garage 1,023,758 594,912 1,136,929 660,676 N/A N/A Air Cargo 1 Buses 54,899 30,908 60,509 34,067 71,596 40,309 Air Cargo 1 Trucks 201,403 113,390 221,984 124,977 262,657 147,876 Air Cargo 2 Buses 44,685 25,158 49,252 27,729 58,276 32,809 Air Cargo 2 Trucks 96,393 54,269 106,243 59,815 125,709 70,774 

Air Cargo Lot 1 506,859 285,362 558,655 314,523 661,013 372,151 Air Cargo Lot 2 233,640 131,540 257,516 144,982 304,699 171,545 Terminal C East Garage 643,243 365,134 714,350 405,497 N/A N/A Terminal C West Garage 1,324,575 747,046 1,471,000 829,628 N/A N/A Parking Cents Lot 1,197,804 626,616 1,330,215 695,885 1,465,181 766,491 Parking Cents Shuttle 101,935 55,017 107,817 58,191 113,812 61,427 Continental Lot 752,830 406,528 836,051 451,468 920,879 497,274 Continental Shuttle 263,427 142,251 278,627 150,459 294,121 158,825 CRC Center 2,577,067 1,391,616 2,861,949 1,545,452 3,152,327 1,702,257 CRC Shuttle 269,536 145,549 285,088 153,948 300,941 162,508 Terminal D/E Garage 454,802 287,781 505,078 319,594 N/A N/A Terminal A Rooftop 358,710 193,703 398,363 215,116 N/A N/A Terminal A West 75,717 40,887 84,087 45,407 N/A N/A Terminal B East 113,738 61,418 126,311 68,208 N/A N/A Terminal B Rooftop 293,986 158,752 326,485 176,302 N/A N/A Miscellaneous Parking 526,850 284,499 585,091 315,949 N/A N/A 8-Story Parking Garage N/A N/A N/A N/A 6,603,431 3,771,919 Will Clayton Remote Parking N/A N/A 3,087,279 1,763,472 3,400,519 1,942,397 Will Clayton Remote Parking Shuttle N/A N/A 274,278 156,669 302,107 172,565 CRC Center w/Expansion N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A CRC Shuttle w/Expansion N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Source: New South Parking, 2005 and Jacobs, October 2008. 
HAS608 6-9 

Table 6-2b 

FUTURE TERMINAL CURBSIDE TRAFFIC AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Curbside Type 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 Ozone 

Season 

Terminal A Departures Public/Taxi 1,962,022 1,104,619 2,243,872 1,263,300 2,350,518 1,323,342 Terminal B Departures Public/Taxi 1,049,814 591,046 1,176,549 662,397 1,213,447 683,170 Terminal C Departures Public/Taxi 1,664,844 937,307 1,802,244 1,014,664 1,857,370 1,045,699 Terminal D Departures Public/Taxi 1,529,176 860,926 1,610,086 906,478 1,673,016 941,908 Terminal E Departures Public/Taxi 1,481,369 834,011 1,835,282 1,033,264 1,990,368 1,120,577 Terminal A Arrivals Public/Taxi 3,134,584 1,764,771 3,417,050 1,923,799 3,416,481 1,923,479 Terminal B Arrivals Public/Taxi 1,426,456 803,094 1,565,586 881,425 1,595,982 898,538 Terminal C Arrivals Public/Taxi 3,750,260 2,111,396 4,146,578 2,334,524 4,310,599 2,426,867 Terminal D Arrivals Public/Taxi 2,168,755 1,221,009 2,277,584 1,282,280 2,286,652 1,287,385 Terminal E Arrivals Public/Taxi 1,513,671 852,197 1,868,994 1,052,244 2,013,413 1,133,551 Terminal A Departures Shuttle 177,661 100,023 185,416 104,389 181,062 101,938 Terminal B Departures Shuttle 177,661 100,023 185,416 104,389 181,062 101,938 Terminal C Departures Shuttle 339,171 190,953 353,976 199,289 345,664 194,609 Terminal D Departures Shuttle 226,114 127,302 235,984 132,859 230,443 129,739 Terminal E Departures Shuttle 242,265 136,395 252,840 142,349 246,903 139,006 Terminal A Arrivals Shuttle 387,624 218,232 404,544 227,758 395,045 222,410 Terminal B Arrivals Shuttle 258,416 145,488 269,696 151,839 263,363 148,274 Terminal C Arrivals Shuttle 565,285 318,255 589,960 332,148 576,107 324,348 Terminal D Arrivals Shuttle 226,114 127,302 235,984 132,859 230,443 129,739 Terminal E Arrivals Shuttle 371,473 209,139 387,688 218,268 378,585 213,143 

Source: 2006 DMJM George Bush Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 
HAS608 6-10 

6.4.2 William P. Hobby Airport 

Parking counts were performed in the following lots: public parking lots, employee 

parking lots, rental car lots, and taxicab lot: 

 Public Parking Lots. Daily parking counts for each day in the year 2005 were 

obtained from New South Parking—the private operator managing Cityowned public parking lot operations at HOU. This was aggregated to annual 

and ozone season counts. 

 Employee Parking Lots. 24-hour parking counts were done for one weekday 

in October 2008. Annual and ozone season parking counts were estimated by 

multiplying the daily counts with number of days in an annual and ozone 

season, respectively. 

 Rental Car Lots. Daily transactions were obtained for the three on-Airport 

rental car lots. The daily count was annualized by multiplying by 365 days in 

the year. Ozone season trips were estimated based on the proportion of annual 

commercial scheduled operations that take place in the ozone season. 

 Taxicab Lot. Monthly data for taxicab trips were obtained from HOU. The 

monthly data was totaled to get annual trips for 2005. Ozone season trips were 

estimated based on the proportion of annual commercial scheduled operations 

that take place in the ozone season. 

Table 6-3 shows the traffic volumes, types, speeds, and idle times for each parking lot. 

Future parking demand is expected to grow in the same relation as commercial 

scheduled operations. Demand for public and employee lots were grown 

proportionally to the growth in scheduled operations. Typically, rental shuttles do not 

grow in direct 1 to 1 relation to passenger demand but in a step-wise function every few 

years. Accordingly, rental shuttle trips were grown at half the rate of scheduled 

operations. Table 6-4 shows the future parking demand at HOU. Figure 6-2 shows the 

location of the on-airport parking facilities at HOU. 
HAS608 6-11 
HAS608 6-12 

Table 6-3 

2005 PARKING LOT PARAMETERS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot Lot Type

Speed (mph)

Distance 

Traveled 

(feet)

Idle 

Time 

(mins) Vehicle Type

Fuel 

Type

2005 

Annual 

Season

Avis Rental Car Rental 10 332.2 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 109,500 Avis Shuttle Rental 10 332.2 1.5 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 15,739 Budget Rental Car Rental 10 199.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 73,000 Budget Shuttle Rental 10 186.2 1.5 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 15,739 Cargo Lot 2 Employee 10 404.2 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 410,625 Economy Lot Public 10 598.6 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 179,054 Employee Lot 1 Employee 10 886.1 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 796,430 Management Lot Employee 10 218.5 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 182,135 National Rental Car Rental 10 300.2 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 54,750 National Shuttle Rental 10 405.4 1.5 Light Duty Trucks 2 Diesel 15,739 Parking Garage Long Public 10 405.4 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 660,954 Parking Garage Short Public 10 610.5 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 51,213 Taxicab Lot Taxi 10 756.8 2 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 181,258 
HAS608 6-13 

Table 6-4 

FUTURE PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

2018 

Annual 

Avis Rental Car 109,500 63,213 103,785 59,914 106,424 61,437 112,205 Avis Shuttle 83,940 48,458 81,750 47,194 82,761 47,777 84,977 Budget Rental Car 73,000 42,142 69,190 39,943 70,949 40,958 74,803 Budget Shuttle 83,940 48,458 81,750 47,194 82,761 47,777 84,977 Cargo Lot 2 410,625 221,625 399,910 215,842 404,857 218,512 415,697 Economy Lot 179,054 94,658 169,709 89,718 174,024 91,999 183,477 Employee Lot 1 796,430 429,854 775,648 418,637 785,243 423,816 806,267 Management Lot 182,135 98,303 177,382 95,738 179,577 96,922 184,385 National Rental Car 54,750 31,607 51,893 29,957 53,212 30,719 56,102 National Shuttle 83,940 48,458 81,750 47,194 82,761 47,777 84,977 Parking Garage Long 660,954 376,991 626,460 357,316 642,386 366,400 677,282 Parking Garage Short 51,213 26,540 48,540 25,155 49,774 25,794 52,478 Taxicab Lot 181,258 104,638 171,798 99,177 176,166 101,698 185,736 
HAS608 6-14 

6.4.3 Ellington Field 

The only parking lots that exist at EFD are for airport employees and tenants. Table 6-5 

shows the traffic volumes, types, speeds, and idle times for each parking lot. 

Operations staff at EFD provided an average daily parking count for two parking lots. 

Annual and ozone season parking counts were estimated by multiplying the daily 

counts with number of days in an annual and ozone season, respectively. It was 

assumed that other parking lots had similar parking occupancy proportion. This 

proportion was applied to the total parking space to obtain parking demand for the 

other lots. 

Only general aviation operations are expected to grow at EFD. The Southwest Airport 

Services Fixed Base Operator (FBO) parking lot is expected to have proportional 

increase in parking demand. Demand for all other employee lots are expected to stay 

constant. Table 6-6 shows the future parking demand at EFD. Figure 6-3 shows the 

location of the on-airport parking facilities at EFD. 
HAS608 6-15 
HAS608 6-16 

Table 6-5 

2005 PARKING LOT PARAMETERS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot Lot Type 

Speed (mph) 

Distance 

Traveled 

(feet) 

Idle 

Time 

(mins) Vehicle Type 

Fuel 

Type 

200

Ann

HAS Parking Lot Employee 10 175.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 83,8

NASA Lot Employee 10 239.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 125,7Southwest Lot Employee 10 172.5 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 10,9Texas ANG Lot Employee 10 529.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 36,5Volo Aviation (b) Employee 10 157.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline N/Military Joint Reserve Center Employee 10 148.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 125,9NASA North Lot Employee 10 498.7 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 155,0NASA Main Lot Employee 10 202.1 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 164,5HAS Multi-tenant Parking Employee 10 250.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 250,4HAS Airport Services Employee 10 276.0 1.5 Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline 183,3

ANG = Air National Guard 

(a) Parking counts for HAS, Volo Aviation and NASA Lot derived from parking occupancy for Southwest Lot 

(b) Volo aviation didn’t exist in 2005 

(c) Parking counts for Military Joint Reserve Center derived from parking occupancy for Texas ANG lot 
HAS608 6-17 

Table 6-6 

FUTURE PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

2018 

Annu

HAS Parking Lot 83,825 45,243 83,825 45,243 83,825 45,243 83,8NASA Lot 125,738 67,864 125,738 67,864 125,738 67,864 125,7Southwest Lot 13,552 10,532 14,853 11,543 16,118 12,526 16,5Texas ANG Lot 36,500 19,700 36,500 19,700 36,500 19,700 36,5Volo Aviation 116,886 90,839 128,107 99,558 139,018 108,037 142,4Military Joint Reserve Center 133,672 72,146 137,722 74,332 141,895 76,585 143,3NASA North Lot 155,077 83,699 155,077 83,699 155,077 83,699 155,0NASA Main Lot 164,507 88,789 164,507 88,789 164,507 88,789 164,5HAS Multi-tenant Parking 250,427 135,163 250,427 135,163 250,427 135,163 250,4HAS Airport Services 183,367 98,969 183,367 98,969 183,367 98,969 183,3

ANG = Air National Guard. 
Section 7 

ROADWAY TRAFFIC 
HAS608 7-1 

Section 7 

ROADWAY TRAFFIC 

7.1 INTRODUCTION 

Roadway emissions account for all emissions generated by roadway vehicular traffic 

activity associated with the airports. All roadway-related activity is segregated 

between vehicular activity that occurs within the airport boundary (i.e., on airport 

roadway) and vehicular activity generated by the airport-related activity that occurs 

beyond the airport boundary. Emissions are a product of the traffic volume, emission 

factors, and the distance traveled. Emission factors are a function of the speed and the 

vehicle class. 

7.2 METHODOLOGY 

To quantify roadway emissions, vehicular activity was modeled for on- and off-airport 

roadways. 

7.2.1 On-Airport Roadways 

The category of on-airport roadways includes all vehicular activity that occurs within 

the airport boundary. To estimate emissions, the different classes of vehicular traffic on 

airport roadways are analyzed individually. All on-airport roadways vehicular traffic 

is segregated by vehicle class and/or purpose of trip. For example, even though all 

shuttle vans belong to the same vehicle class (LDDT), they are segregated by hotels, 

parking, and rental since their trip lengths are different depending upon the trip 

purpose. 

Traffic volumes are estimated by vehicle class and trip purpose. Specific emission 

factors, corresponding to average speed and vehicle class on the roadway, are derived 

for each vehicle class using MOBILE6.2. Emissions are computed by multiplying the 

traffic volume by vehicle class with the associated emission factor (in grams/vehiclemile) and travel distance on the roadway. The following classes of roadway vehicular 

traffic were accounted for:

 Passenger Cars 

 Taxicabs 

 Limos 

 Rental Shuttle/Bus 

 Hotel Shuttle 

 Parking Shuttle 

 Airline/Airport Employee Shuttle 

 Charter/Public Bus 

 Cargo Trucks 
HAS608 7-2 

7.2.2 Off-Airport Roadway 

All vehicular activity beyond the airport boundary that is related to airport activity is 

modeled using a more generalized approach than the on-airport vehicular activity. All 

light duty vehicles—passenger cars, taxicabs, and limos—are characterized using a 

single emission factor. The average distance traveled by light duty vehicles off airport 

property to and from the airport depends on the point of origin of the trip. However, it 

is beyond the scope of this study to conduct large-scale surveys or use travel demand 

models to estimate the origin and destination of trips. A simple assumption is made for 

the origin of all light duty vehicles trips to estimate the average travel distance from the 

airport. Since downtown Houston is one of the largest contributors of trips to each of 

the airports the geographic center of the region, and a very dense commercial area, an 

average distance to downtown Houston from each of the airports was used as a 

representative travel distance for all light duty vehicles. For each of the other classes of 

vehicles on off-airport roadways—rental, hotel, and parking shuttle—an average 

distance to and from the airport boundary to clusters of each of the facilities served by 

the shuttles was derived and used as the average travel distance. 

7.3 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

Emission factors for roadways are input into EDMS as grams/vehicle-mile. As 

described in Chapter 6, EDMS has a built-in on-road emission factor model to generate 

emissions factors for motor vehicles. The built-in model is a basic version of 

MOBILE6.2. It cannot be customized to local conditions and calculates emission factors 

based on the manufactured year of the vehicle. 

To account for local air quality agency input requirements (i.e., local temperatures and 

Inspection Maintenance programs, among others), the latest version of MOBILE6.2 was 

used outside EDMS to calculate speed-dependant emission factors for on-road motor 

vehicles in Harris County. MOBILE6.2 uses average vehicle travel speed and vehicle 

class distribution data to produce emission factors in units of grams per vehicle-mile for 

CO, VOCs, NOx, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. [Personal communications with TCEQ staff 

[Kite, 2008] and sample MOBILE6.2 input data files from TCEQs website]. 

The emission factors are dependent on the average speed of the roadway and vehicle 

class. Speed-dependant emission factors, derived from MOBILE6.2, along with traffic 

volume and distance traveled on the roadway, are used to compute roadway emissions. 

For emissions quantification, the total emissions are the product of the traffic volumes 

on the roadway, the emission factor, and the distance traveled by each vehicle on the 

roadway. The average speed and the vehicle class are the parameters needed to 

compute the emission factors. The other parameters are manufactured year, elevation, 

and the average daily high and low temperatures, which come from the airport’s 

weather data. Please refer to Appendix E, Estimation of Emissions from Roadway 

Traffic, for more details. 
HAS608 7-3 

7.3.1 On-Airport Roadway 

Each vehicle class was modeled separately for the on-airport roadways. The on-airport 

network used an airport-specific vehicle mix of Light Duty Gas Vehicles (LDGV), Light 

Duty Gas Trucks (LDGT), Light Duty Diesel Vehicles (LDDV), and Light Duty Diesel 

Trucks (LDDT). Roads used by shuttle vans taking passengers to the hotels and 

employee parking lots were represented by the LDDT classification; roads used by 

rental car shuttle buses taking passengers to the rental car facilities were represented by 

the Urban Bus classification; and roads used by cargo trucks taking cargo to the cargo 

terminal were represented by the Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV8A) classification. 

7.3.2 Off-Airport Roadway 

The off-airport network used a Harris County-specific mix of all vehicle categories as 

shown in Table 7-1. 

Table 7-1 

VEHICLE CLASS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class MOBILE6.2 Vehicle Type

On-Airport Roadways

 Passenger Vehicles LDGV, LDGT, LDDV, LDDT

 Shuttle Vans LDDT

 Shuttle Buses Urban Bus

 Cargo Trucks HDDV8A

Off-Airport Roadways

 Passenger Cars/Taxis/Limos All MOBILE6.2 categories

 Shuttle Vans LDDT 

 Cargo Trucks HDDV8A 

7.3.3 Average Speed 

For each roadway section, the posted speed limit on the roadway was used as the 

average speed of vehicles traveling on the roadway. 

7.4 ROADWAY EMISSION PARAMETERS 

Roadway emission parameters are summarized for IAH, HOU, and EFD. 

7.4.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

Traffic counts for on- and off-Airport roadways are described within the following 

section. 
HAS608 7-4 

On-Airport Roadways. Direct access to the Airport is provided by John F. Kennedy 

Boulevard from the south and Will Clayton Parkway from the east. The on-Airport 

roadway network was divided into a series of sections based on the 2006 Master Plan. 

The annual traffic volumes on each of the sections were determined from 24-hour traffic 

counts conducted for a week in February 2004 as part of the 2006 Master Plan. The 

maximum 24-hour traffic counts within the week period were used and the annual 

volumes were determined by multiplying by 365. Traffic volumes on each roadway 

section were further divided by vehicle class based on a vehicle classifications 

determined during the 2004 study. Table 7-2 shows the vehicle classifications. Cargo 

truck traffic volumes were included based on information within the 2006 Master Plan, 

which includes cargo facility expansion. 

Table 7-2 

VEHICLE CLASS MIX AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class Percent 

Auto 84% 

Parking Shuttle 9% 

Taxis and Limos 4% 

Buses 2% 

Hotel Shuttles 1% 

 

Source: 2006 DMJM George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 

To obtain the weighted average distance traveled, the length of each roadway section 

was weighted by the total traffic volume on that roadway section. For example, if 100 

vehicles traveled a 10-mile roadway section and another 50 vehicles traveled another 

5-mile section, then the average distance traveled by sum of both vehicle counts (150 in 

this case) is (100*10 + 50*5)/(100 + 50) = 8.33 miles. Similarly, the average distance by 

all vehicles in an annual or ozone season weekday was computed to be 0.80 mile during 

2005, 2011, and 2014 and 1.02 mile during 2017 and 2018 as a result of future roadway 

modifications as part of the Master Plan. It represents the average distance traversed by 

each vehicle on an on-Airport roadway. 

The 2004 traffic count did not account for rental shuttle buses and the COA employee 

shuttle. The Consolidated Rental Car Center was not operational in 2004. Traffic 

counts were done for a weekday in October 2008 to estimate daily volumes for the 

rental shuttle bus and COA employee shuttle. Shuttle trips were assumed to be 
HAS608 7-5 

constant throughout the year. Daily trips were grown to annual numbers by 

multiplying with 365, reflecting the days in the year. Shuttle trips were assumed to 

have not changed since 2005. 

Off-Airport Roadways. Vehicles with significant activity beyond the Airport boundary 

were analyzed to establish their off-Airport travel distance. All light duty vehicle— 

passenger cars, taxicabs, and limos—were analyzed collectively. Hotel and parking 

shuttle trips were analyzed separately. Since the rental car facility is on the Airport 

property, all rental shuttle bus trips are contained within the Airport boundary. An 

average distance to and from the Airport boundary to each of the facilities served by the 

hotel and parking shuttles was derived and used as the average travel distance. Cargo 

truck traffic volumes were included based on information within the 2006 Master Plan, 

which includes cargo facility expansion. 

Table 7-3 shows the total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by vehicle class for on and offAirport roadways during 2005. Table 7-4 shows the projected future vehicle miles 

traveled by vehicle class for on- and off-Airport roadways and reflect changes in 

volume and the roadway configuration. Future traffic volumes were based on 

enplanements forecast within the FAA 2008 Terminal Area Forecast. Future roadways 

were developed based on preliminary information prepared for the Master Plan and 

Capital Improvement Plan EIS. Figure 7-1 shows the baseline traffic volumes and 

speeds for each roadway section. 

As part of the 2006 Master Plan, future roadway modifications include Greens Road, 

Rankin Road, Cargo Spine Road, Warehouse Drive, Volta Drive, the Terminal Loop 

Road, and Humble Parkway at IAH. These modifications may include intersection 

improvements, widening, and/or connections or additional length. 
HAS608 7-6 

Table 7-3 

2005 ROADWAY PARAMETERS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class 

Average 

Distance 

(miles) 

Average Speed 

(mph) (a) 

2005 

Annual 

VMT 

2005 Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

VMT 

On-Airport 

Passenger Car 0.80 42 103,524,733 58,232,664 

Taxis and Limos 0.80 42 4,929,749 2,772,984 

Parking Shuttle 0.80 42 11,091,938 6,239,215 

Hotel Shuttle 0.80 42 1,232,438 693,246 

Charter Bus 0.80 42 2,464,874 1,386,490 

Cargo Trucks 4.0 35 16,533,156 9,299,900 

COA Employee Shuttle 8.5 35 2,140,725 1,204,161 

CRC to Terminal A/B 4.6 35 395,126 222,258 

CRC to Terminal C/D 5.0 35 429,485 241,585 

CRC to Terminal E 5.6 35 481,023 270,575 

Off Airport 

Passenger Car 20.0 (b) 45 575,138,684 323,515,519 

Taxis and Limos 20.0 (b) 45 27,387,556 15,405,501 

Parking Shuttle 1.6 45 4,929,760 2,772,990 

Hotel Shuttle 0.4 45 136,938 77,028 

Charter Bus 20.0 (b) 45 13,693,780 7,702,760 

Cargo Trucks 20.0 (b) 45 82,665,780 46,499,500 

Source: 2006 DMJM George Bush Intercontinental Airport Master Plan 

(a) Represents overall average speed weighted by volume. Speed varies by roadway section. 

Figure 7-1 shows average speed by roadway section 

(b) Represents shortest distance from the airport to downtown Houston. 
HAS608 7-7 

Table 7-4 

FUTURE ROADWAY VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class 2011 Annual 

2011 Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

2014 

Annual 

2014 Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 2017 Annual 

2017 Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 201

On-Airport

Passenger Car 113,042,387 63,586,344 125,538,641 70,615,486 134,134,774 75,450,811 13

Taxis and Limos 5,382,971 3,027,921 5,978,031 3,362,642 6,387,370 3,592,896 Parking Shuttle 11,601,809 6,526,018 12,271,252 6,902,580 12,565,662 7,068,185 1Hotel Shuttle 1,289,090 725,113 1,363,472 766,953 1,396,185 785,354 Charter Bus 2,578,145 1,450,226 2,726,946 1,533,908 2,792,369 1,570,708 Cargo Trucks 19,836,776 11,158,188 22,019,560 12,386,000 24,679,856 13,882,420 2COA Employee Shuttle 2,239,130 1,259,513 2,368,330 1,332,188 2,500,029 1,406,266 CRC to Terminal A/B 413,287 232,475 437,133 245,888 461,444 259,560 CRC to Terminal C/D 449,225 252,690 475,145 267,270 501,570 282,130 CRC to Terminal E 503,132 283,013 532,162 299,342 561,758 315,986 

Off Airport

Passenger Car 628,014,679 353,258,258 697,438,445 392,309,133 889,423,787 500,300,884 91

Taxis and Limos 29,905,461 16,821,822 33,211,355 18,681,387 42,353,514 23,823,852 4Parking Shuttle 5,156,373 2,900,459 5,453,901 3,067,819 5,757,174 3,238,411 Hotel Shuttle 143,233 80,568 151,497 85,217 159,921 89,956 Charter Bus 14,323,260 8,056,820 15,149,720 8,521,740 15,992,160 8,995,580 1Cargo Trucks 99,183,880 55,790,940 110,097,800 61,930,000 123,399,280 69,412,100 12

Source: 2006 DMJM George Bush Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 
HAS608 7-8 
HAS608 7-9 

7.4.2 William P. Hobby Airport 

Traffic counts for on- and off-Airport roadways are described below. 

On-Airport Roadways. HOU is bounded by Airport Boulevard on the north, Monroe 

Road on east, Braniff Street on the south, and Telephone Road on the west. The 

terminal area on-Airport roadway is mainly comprised of a two-level loop road. The 

upper level road serves departing passengers and the lower level road serves arriving 

passengers, providing curbside access to ticketing and baggage claim, respectively. The 

loop road also provides access to employee parking and the parking garage. 

Curbside peak hour traffic numbers, categorized by vehicle operator, for the year 2001 

were obtained from the 2003 Master Plan. Peak hour volumes for passenger cars were 

converted to daily traffic volumes based on a ratio of peak hour to daily traffic obtained 

from a 24-hour traffic count conducted at IAH. All shuttle trips were assumed to run 

for 14 hours a day (7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. represents the bulk of passenger activity) with 

the same frequency. The daily traffic volumes were considered to be representative of 

an average day and were annualized by multiplying by 365 days in the year. The 2001 

annual traffic volumes were adjusted to 2005 peak numbers based on the growth of 

commercial scheduled operations derived from FAA’s 2008 TAF. 

Three of the rental car operators are located within the Airport boundary. Thus, the 

entire trip of their shuttle buses is contained within Airport property. All other shuttle 

operators—hotel, parking, and rental car—only operate on-Airport when traveling 

along the loop road. All taxicabs, charter buses, and limos also operate on the loop 

road. Thus, the on-Airport travel distance of each of these vehicles is the length of the 

loop road. 

Off-Airport Roadways. Vehicles that serve a function resulting in significant activity 

beyond the Airport boundary were analyzed to determine off-Airport travel distances. 

All light duty vehicles—passenger cars, taxicabs and limos—were considered 

collectively. Hotel, rental car and parking shuttle trips were also analyzed as a group. 

Three of the six rental car operators operate outside the Airport boundary. An average 

distance to and from the Airport boundary to each of the off-Airport rental car facilities 

served by the shuttles was derived and used as the average travel distance. 

Table 7-5 shows the total traffic volume by vehicle class for on and off-Airport 

roadways. Figure 7-2 shows the detailed traffic volumes, distances, and speeds for each 

roadway section. 
HAS608 7-10 
HAS608 7-11 

Table 7-5 

2005 ROADWAY PARAMETERS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class 

Average 

Distance 

(miles) 

Average Speed 

(mph) (a)

2005 

Annual 

Traffic 

Volume 

2005 Ozone 

Traffic 

Volume 

On-Airport

Hotel Shuttle 0.79 35 104,925 60,572 

Passenger Cars - Lower Loop 0.79 35 1,198,798 692,053 

Rental Shuttle for Alamo 1.93 35 83,940 48,458 

Rental Shuttle for Avis 1.5 35 83,940 48,458 

Rental Shuttle for Budget 1.55 35 83,940 48,458 

Taxicabs 0.75 35 181,258 104,638 

Passenger Cars - Upper Loop 0.79 35 1,282,924 740,618 

Limo 0.75 35 84,126 48,565 

Charter Bus 0.75 35 42,063 24,283 

Other Rental Shuttle 0.79 35 141,649 81,772 

 Parking Shuttle 0.79 35 445,931 257,431 

 Air Cargo Trucks 0.33 35 658 380 

Off Airport 

Parking Shuttle 0.74 35 445,931 257,431 

Hotel Shuttle 1.16 35 104,925 60,572 

Light Duty Vehicles 10.1 (b) 45 2,789,169 1,610,157 

Rental Shuttle 1.93 35 141,649 81,772 

Air Cargo Trucks 10.1 45 658 380 

(a) Average speeds represent the posted speed limit on the roadway 

(b) Represents shortest distance from the airport to downtown Houston. 

Future roadway traffic is expected to grow in the same proportion as commercial 

scheduled operations. Passenger cars, taxicabs, and limo trips were grown 

proportionally as commercial scheduled operations. Typically, hotel, rental, and 

parking shuttles do not grow in direct relation to passenger activity. All shuttle trips 

were grown at half the rate of growth in commercial scheduled operations. 

Table 7-6 shows the future roadway traffic demand at HOU. 
HAS608 7-12 

Table 7-6 

FUTURE ROADWAY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

20

An

On-Airport

Hotel Shuttle 102,187 58,991 103,451 59,721 106,221 61,320 107Passenger Cars - Lower Loop 1,136,234 655,935 1,165,120 672,611 1,228,412 709,149 1,25Rental Shuttle for Alamo 81,750 47,193 82,761 47,777 84,977 49,056 85,

Rental Shuttle for Avis 81,750 47,193 82,761 47,777 84,977 49,056 85,Rental Shuttle for Budget 81,750 47,193 82,761 47,777 84,977 49,056 85,Taxicabs 171,798 99,177 176,166 101,699 185,736 107,223 189Passenger Cars - Upper Loop 1,215,970 701,966 1,246,883 719,812 1,314,616 758,913 1,33Limo 79,736 46,031 81,763 47,201 86,204 49,765 87,Charter Bus 39,868 23,015 40,881 23,600 43,102 24,882 43,Other Rental Shuttle 134,256 77,505 137,670 79,475 145,148 83,792 147

Parking Shuttle 434,295 250,714 439,667 253,815 451,439 260,611 455Air Cargo Trucks 781 451 1,010 583 1,423 821 2,0

Off Airport

Parking Shuttle 434,295 250,714 439,667 253,815 451,439 260,611 455Hotel Shuttle 102,187 58,991 103,451 59,721 106,221 61,320 107Light Duty Vehicles 2,643,605 1,526,124 2,710,813 1,564,923 2,858,070 1,649,932 2,90Rental Shuttle 134,256 77,505 137,670 79,475 145,148 83,792 147Air Cargo Trucks 434,295 250,714 439,667 253,815 451,439 260,611 455
HAS608 7-13 

7.4.3 Ellington Field 

Traffic counts for on- and off-Airport roadways are described below. 

On-Airport Roadways. The main entrance to EFD is via Challenger 7 Parkway from 

State Highway 3. The only other public roadway access to EFD is from the Hilliard 

Street to the North and the Brantley Avenue to the South. 

The Texas Air National Guard (TxANG), NASA, and FBOs are the main generators of 

vehicular activity at the Airport. Operations staff at the Airport provided an average 

daily demand for each of these sources of vehicular activity. Annual and ozone season 

traffic demand were estimated by multiplying the daily volumes with number of days 

in a year (365) and ozone season (197), respectively. All vehicular activity was assumed 

to be light duty vehicles. 

The trips were distributed on the roadway network within the Airport boundary based 

on the location of the trip generators. The TxANG and the Southwest FBO facility exist 

to the north of the Airport. All vehicular traffic to both facilities was assumed to use the 

main entrance to access the facility. All traffic to the NASA facility was assumed to 

come in through Brantley Avenue due to its southern location. The travel distances 

were determined based on the shortest route from the entrance to the Airport to each 

facility. 

Off-Airport Roadways. Emissions from vehicular activity that are significant beyond 

the Airport boundary were quantified. All light duty vehicles(i.e. passenger cars)were 

considered collectively. 

Table 7-7 shows the total traffic volume by roadway section for on and off-Airport 

roadways. Figure 7-3 shows the detailed traffic volumes, distances, and speeds for each 

roadway section. 
HAS608 7-14 
HAS608 7-15 

Table 7-7 

2005 ROADWAY PARAMETERS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class 

Average 

Distance 

(miles) 

Average Speed 

(mph) (a)

2005 

Annual 

Traffic 

Volume 

2005 

Ozone 

Traffic 

Volume 

On-Airport

Light Duty Vehicles 0.87 35 377,338 206,260 

Off Airport

Light Duty Vehicles 18.7 (b) 45 377,338 206,260 

(a) Average speeds represent the posted speed limit on the roadway 

(b) Represents shortest distance from the airport to downtown Houston. 

General aviation activity is expected to grow at EFD. Vehicular traffic operations to the 

Southwest FBO facility were grown proportionally to the general aviation growth. 

Demand for NASA and TxANG facility is expected to remain constant. Table 7-8 shows 

the future roadway traffic demand at EFD. 
HAS608 7-16 

Table 7-8 

FUTURE ROADWAY TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Vehicle Class 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

2018 

Annu

On-Airport

Light Duty Vehicles 437,124 272,228 467,017 290,844 496,080 308,944 505,21

Off Airport

Light Duty Vehicles 437,124 272,228 467,017 290,844 496,080 308,944 505,21
Section 8 

KEY STATIONARY SOURCES 
HAS608 8-1 

Section 8 

KEY STATIONARY SOURCES 

8.1 INTRODUCTION

A number of stationary emission sources exist at the three airports operated by 

HAS. The EDMS databases contain emission factors for a number of broad 

categories of combustion and non-combustion stationary sources typically found 

at airports. Each of these broad categories is further divided into sub-categories 

based on type of fuel consumed, equipment type, or the pollutant emitted. For 

example, fuel storage tanks have different emission factors for each fuel type, i.e., 

Jet A fuel, aviation gasoline (AvGas), motor diesel fuel, and motor gasoline 

(MOGAS). 

This inventory considered only key sources of stationary emissions, which 

include: 1) HAS-owned boilers and generators; 2) HAS-owned incinerator at 

IAH, 3) firefighter training fires; and 4) emissions from aircraft fuel storage tanks. 

There were a number of other stationary sources located at each airport, but they 

were not included in this study because of a lack of readily available data. The 

stationary sources not included in this study are: 1) aircraft engine testing areas; 

2) deicing operations; 3) salt/sand piles; and 4) painting and solvent degreasing 

activities. It should be noted that, excluding fueling emissions, the key stationary 

sources are HAS owned or operated. With the exception of fueling emissions, 

this inventory did not collect emissions data pertaining to Airport tenants. 

8.2 METHODOLOGY 

Emissions inventories of on-airport stationary sources were developed based on 

data obtained from a number of HAS resources. The annual emissions for the 

HAS-owned on-airport stationary sources were calculated using the 

methodologies described in Appendix H of the Air Quality Procedures for 

Civilian Airports and Air Force Bases. These methodologies are taken from the 

U.S. EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, also known as AP-42. 

Annual emissions were computed based on the product of the actual annual fuel 

consumption or fuel throughput for a calendar year. The specific methodologies 

for computing stationary source emissions vary by source type and are described 

below. 

8.2.1 Boilers 

Pollutant emissions from boilers were calculated using a methodology based on 

fuel consumption and pollutant emission factors. Emissions of each pollutant 

were calculated by multiplying the annual fuel consumption by the emission 

factor specific to each pollutant. Emission factors for most stationary combustion 

sources found at airports are available in EDMS and are taken from Sections 1.1–

1.5 of Volume I of U.S. EPA’s AP-42 document. No space heaters were included 
HAS608 8-2 

in this analysis as no data for this source type was available. Boiler type, fuel 

type, and annual fuel consumption data were provided by HAS staff. 

8.2.2 Emergency Generators

Emissions from emergency generators were calculated based on one of two 

methodologies provided in EDMS: U.S. EPA’s AP-42 method, which calculates 

emissions based on the capacity rating of generator engines and hours of 

operation, and the U.S. Air Force’s (USAF) method, which calculates emissions 

based on the amount of fuel consumed. The choice of method depended on the 

type of data that were available. Please see Appendix F- Estimation of Emissions 

from Stationary Sources, for more information. 

8.2.3 Incinerators 

Pollutant emissions from incinerators were calculated by multiplying the mass of 

waste burned by the emission factor for each specific pollutant. Based on a lack 

of readily available data, the only incinerator included in the analysis was 

located at IAH. 

8.2.4 Training Fires

Pollutant emissions from training fires were calculated by multiplying the 

amount of fuel burned by the emission factor for each specific pollutant. 

Training fires were conducted at IAH and HOU, but none were conducted at 

EFD. 

8.2.5 Fuel Storage Tanks

The general methodology for calculating storage tank hydrocarbon emissions 

may be expressed as the sum of the standing storage emissions plus the working 

emissions. The methodologies for calculating standing storage and working 

emissions are different for each tank type. These methodologies are described in 

the Section 7.1, Volume I of AP-42, and are implemented in EDMS based on the 

U.S. EPA computer model TANKS. 

8.2.6 Cooling Towers

The general methodology for calculating cooling tower particulate matter 

emissions may be expressed as the sum of the usage and the emissions factor 

from AP-42, Section 13.4. Cooling towers (four units) are located at IAH only. 

8.3 STATIONARY SOURCES EMISSION PARAMETERS 

Stationary sources emission parameters are summarized below for IAH, HOU, 

and EFD. 

8.3.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport

The major contributors of emissions at IAH are fuel storage tanks, boilers, 

emergency generators, incinerators, cooling towers, and training fires. Table 8-1 
HAS608 8-3 

shows the 2005 stationary sources usage at IAH. Table 8-2 shows the future 

stationary sources usage at IAH. 

Fuel Storage Tanks. There are 10 horizontal fuel storage tanks that store Jet A 

fuel. Monthly fuel consumption data for 2005 was obtained from the HAS. 

Default emission factors in EDMS were used to estimate emissions. Ozone 

season weekday fuel consumption was derived from monthly fuel consumption 

data for 2005. In order to be conservative, it was assumed that all fuel 

consumption in the ozone season months occurs during the weekdays. This 

analysis did not include emissions associated with the storage and handling of 

vehicle fuels. Annual fuel storage throughput for the future years were 

estimated based on the number of aircraft operations. 

Boilers. There are two boilers at IAH. These boilers were modeled in EDMS as 

Controlled Wall Fired boilers with hourly consumption of less than 100 million 

British Thermal Units (BTUs). The volume of natural gas in cubic meters 

consumed in the calendar year 2007 and ozone season was obtained from HAS 

staff. Boiler usage was assumed to be the same in 2005 as 2007. Emission factors 

in EDMS used information provided by HAS, which included vender supplied 

and AP-42 emission factors. Annual boiler usage for the future years were 

estimated based on the estimated terminal size (an increase of 33% by 2017), 

which is projected to expand as part of the Capital Improvement Plan. 

Emergency Generators. There are nine emergency generators at IAH, four of 

which run on natural gas and the remaining five on diesel. For the natural gas 

generators, the volume of natural gas consumed (in cubic meters) for the 

calendar year 2007 and ozone season was obtained. The emissions for the diesel 

generators were determined by the hours of usage. The hours of usage were 

obtained for calendar year 2007 and the ozone season. Emergency generator 

usage is assumed to be the same in 2005 as 2007. Annual generator usage for the 

future years were estimated based on the estimated terminal size (an increase of 

33% by 2017), which is projected to expand as part of the Capital Improvement 

Plan. 

The emissions from natural gas and diesel generators were modeled in EDMS 

using USAF and U.S. EPA methodology, respectively. Emission factors in EDMS 

used information provided by HAS, which included vender supplied and AP-42 

emission factors. 

Incinerator. There is one incinerator at IAH. This incinerator was modeled in 

EDMS as a single chamber incinerator. The mass of waste in metric tons burnt in 

the calendar year 2007 and ozone season was obtained. Default emission factors 

in EDMS were used to estimate emissions. Annual incinerator usage for the 

future years were estimated based on the estimated terminal size (an increase of 

33% by 2017), which is projected to expand as part of the Capital Improvement 

Plan. 
HAS608 8-4 

Training Fires. There is a small training facility in operation at IAH. The City of 

Houston fire department provided information on the annual fuel consumption 

used for training fires. The training facility averaged a use of 2,102 gallons of 

propane each year since 2005. It was assumed that all training activities occurred 

in the ozone season. Annual training fires usage for the future years were 

estimated based on the estimated number of operations. 

Cooling Towers. There are four cooling towers at IAH. The usage in gallons in 

the calendar year 2007 and ozone season was obtained. Default emission factors 

in EDMS were used to estimate emissions. Annual cooling tower usage for the 

future years were estimated based on the estimated terminal size (an increase of 

33% by 2017), which is projected to expand as part of the Capital Improvement 

Plan. 

Table 8-1 

2005 THROUGHPUT FOR KEY STATIONARY SOURCES AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Stationary Source 

Fuel/Substance 

Consumed 2005 Annual

2005 Ozone 

Season 

Weekday 

Fuel Storage Jet A 552,873,962 421,907,698 

Boilers Natural Gas 402,413 256,777 

Emergency Generators Natural Gas 69.60 57.00 

Emergency Generators Diesel 397 315 

Incinerator Waste 273 147 

Training Fires Propane 2,102 2,102 

Cooling Towers 3,179,520 2,384,640 

(a) Jet A fuel consumption in gallons. 

(b) Natural gas consumption in thousand cubic feet. 

(c) Diesel consumption in hours of usage. 

(d) Waste incineration in short tons. 

(e) Propane consumption in gallons. 

(f) Cooling tower consumption in gallons. 
HAS608 8-5 

Table 8-2 

FUTURE THROUGHPUT FOR KEY STATIONARY SOURCES AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Stationary Source Fuel Type 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

Fuel Storage(a) Jet A 591,689,485 451,528,496 640,407,530 488,706,080 687,505,381 524,647,266 

Boilers (b) Natural Gas 444,252 283,475 469,551 299,618 519,195 331,295 

Emergency Generator (c) Natural Gas 76.84 62.93 81.21 66.51 89.80 73.54 Emergency Generator (c) Diesel 439 348 464 368 513 407 Incinerator (d) Waste 301 163 319 172 352 190 Training Fires (e) Propane 2,250 2,250 2,435 2,435 2,614 2,614 

Cooling Towers (f) 3,510,102 2,632,577 3,709,989 2,782,492 4,102,232 3,076,674 

(a) Jet A fuel consumption in gallons. 

(b) Natural gas consumption in thousand cubic feet. 

(c) Diesel consumption in hours of usage. 

(d) Waste incineration in short tons. 

(e) Propane consumption in gallons. 

(f) Cooling tower consumption in gallons. 
HAS608 8-6 

8.3.2 William P. Hobby Airport

The key contributors of emissions at HOU are fuel storage tanks and boilers. As 

noted previously, there were other contributors, but no meaningful data were 

collected. 

Fuel Storage Tanks. Monthly fuel consumption data of Jet A fuel for 2005 was 

obtained from HAS staff. The fuel tank was modeled as a Vertical Fixed Roof 

tank in EDMS. Fuel consumption for future years was grown in the same 

proportion as commercial scheduled operations. Default emission factors in 

EDMS were used to estimate emissions. It should be noted that HAS does not 

own or operate the fuel tanks. This analysis did not include emissions associated 

with the storage and handling of vehicle fuels. 

Boilers. There are two boilers at HOU. These boilers are modeled in EDMS as 

Controlled Wall Fired boilers with hourly consumption less than 100 million 

BTUs. The volume of natural gas consumed in the calendar year 2006 and ozone 

season was obtained from HAS staff. Boiler usage was assumed to remain the 

same in 2005. Default emission factors in EDMS were used to estimate 

emissions. 

Table 8-3 shows the 2005 stationary sources usage at HOU. 

Table 8-3 

2005 THROUGHPUT FOR KEY STATIONARY SOURCES AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Stationary Source 

Fuel/Substance 

Consumed 2005 Annual 

2005 Ozone Season 

Weekday 

Fuel Storage Tank Jet A 83,326,465 (a) 44,973,583 (a)

Boiler Natural Gas 14,955 (b) 5,685 (b)

(a) Jet A fuel consumption is in gallons. 

(b) Natural gas consumption is in cubic feet. 

Boiler usage is usually a function of the size and level of activity at an airport. 

No major terminal expansion at the Airport is planned. Boiler usage is assumed 

to be constant for future years. Fuel consumption for future years was calculated 

in the same proportion as commercial scheduled operations. Table 8-4 shows the 

future usage of stationary sources. 
HAS608 8-7 

Table 8-4 

FUTURE THROUGHPUT FOR KEY STATIONARY SOURCES AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Type Fuel Type 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

2

A

Fuel Storage Tank (a) Jet A 78,977,651 42,626,407 80,985,629 43,710,044 85,384,900 46,084,694 86,9Boiler (b) Natural Gas 14,955 5,685 14,955 5,685 14,955 5,685 

(a) Jet A fuel consumption is in gallons; grown proportionally to commercial scheduled operations. 

(b) Natural gas consumption is in cubic feet; assumed to be constant in the future. 
HAS608 8-8 

8.3.3 Ellington Field

Based on a lack of meaningful data, this inventory only considered several 

aircraft fuel storage tanks at EFD. It should be noted that HAS does not own or 

operate the fuel storage tanks. 

Fuel at EFD is supplied or consumed mainly by military or general aviation 

aircraft. Southwest FBO provides fuel to general aviation aircraft and NASA. 

Texas ANG owns fuel storage tanks supplying fuel to military aircraft. 

Texas ANG dispenses both AvGas and Jet A fuel. Southwest FBO supplies JP-8, 

MOGAS, and diesel fuel. All the fuel storage tanks owned by Texas ANG are 

horizontal. Southwest FBO has four vertical and three horizontal storage tanks. 

Annual fuel consumption data for 2005 was obtained from HAS staff. Based on 

the proportion of annual military operations and general aviation operations in 

an ozone-season weekday, the total annual fuel from Texas ANG and Southwest 

FBO were proportioned to obtain ozone season weekday consumption. Default 

emission factors in EDMS are used to estimate emissions. Table 8-5 shows the 

2005 fuel storage consumption at EFD. 

Table 8-5 

2005 THROUGHPUT FOR KEY STATIONARY SOURCES AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Stationary Source 

Fuel/Substance 

Consumed 

2005 

Annual (a)

2005 Ozone 

Season 

Weekday (a)

Fuel Storage Tank JP-8 2,923,865 1,869,551 

Fuel Storage Tank Diesel 41,211 26,417 

Fuel Storage Tank MOGAS 26,681 17,171 

Fuel Storage Tank Jet A 5,571,406 3,469,647 

Fuel Storage Tank AvGas 3,714,271 2,313,098 

(a) All fuel consumption is in gallons. 

Military operations in the future are expected to remain constant. The fuel 

component supplied by Texas ANG was also assumed to be constant for future 

years. General aviation operations are expected to grow and all fuel supplied by 

Southwest FBO is grown proportional to the forecast growth in general aviation 

operations. Table 8-6 shows the future fuel storage consumption at EFD. 
HAS608 8-9 

Table 8-6 

FUTURE THROUGHPUT FOR KEY STATIONARY SOURCES AT EFD (a)

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Type 

Fuel 

Type (b)

2011 

Annual 

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

20

Ann

Fuel Storage Tank JP-8 2,923,865 1,869,551 2,923,865 1,869,551 2,923,865 1,869,551 2,923Fuel Storage Tank Diesel 41,211 26,417 41,211 26,417 41,211 26,417 41Fuel Storage Tank MOGAS 26,681 17,171 26,681 17,171 26,681 17,171 26Fuel Storage Tank Jet A 6,895,176 4,294,130 7,557,193 4,706,240 8,200,983 5,106,990 8,403Fuel Storage Tank AvGas 4,596,872 2,862,841 5,038,041 3,137,581 5,467,322 3,404,660 5,602

(a) All fuel consumption is in gallons. (b) Jet A and AvGas fuel supplied by Southwest Fixed Base Operator was calculated proportionally to ge

operations. 
Section 9 

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY 
HAS608 9-1 

Section 9 

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY 

9.1 INTRODUCTION

As part of the overall HAS inventory, emissions from the various construction projects 

at IAH, HOU, and EFD were quantified. The sources of these emissions are 

construction vehicles, demolition projects, and paving activities. This section provides a 

detailed summary of the emissions generated by the various projects at all three 

airports. 

9.2 METHODOLOGY

In the absence of detailed engineering schematics and project documentation, Jacobs 

Consultancy sought project guidance from a variety of other sources. These included: 

(1) the Air Emission Summary documents that were submitted to the FAA (AES); (2) the 

2008 Philadelphia International Airport Capacity Enhancement Program (PHL CEP)*; 

(3) the 2004 Philadelphia International Airport Runway 17-35 Extension Project EIS 

(PHL EIS)** and (4) construction vehicles estimates for runway projects at Portland 

International, Reading International, and Lehigh Valley International airports. Data 

from these documents were extrapolated and scaled to fit the appropriate projects at 

HAS airports. It should be noted that, whenever possible, guidance from HAS was 

used when calculating emissions. 

The PHL CEP was the basis for estimating vehicle use data for the runway-related 

projects that occurred in 2005 at IAH, HOU, and EFD. Additionally, the AES 

documents provide data for building construction and terminal apron work. The PHL 

EIS was the basis for estimating vehicle use data for construction projects in future 

years at HOU. The AES documents were also used for estimating construction activity 

at EFD for future years. 

Because many airport projects last more than one year, information was gathered for all 

of the construction projects that occurred between 2004 and 2006. Several of those 

projects either started in 2004 and continued into 2005 or started in 2005 and continued 

into 2006. For projects with overlapping years, the emissions were scaled to reflect only 

2005. 

There were a number of small projects at IAH, HOU, and EFD in 2005, each with only a 

small contribution of emissions to the overall inventory. In estimating the emissions, 

these small projects were consolidated into a larger miscellaneous project that 

collectively accounted for a fraction of total construction emissions. 

 

 *Philadelphia International Airport Capacity Enhancement Program Draft Air Quality 

Technical Report, KM Chng Environmental, Inc., 2008. 

**Environmental Impact Statement for the Runway 17-35 Extension Project at 

Philadelphia International Airport, Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. (2005). 
HAS608 9-2 

Vehicle information was input into NONROAD2005 to generate construction 

emissions.* NONROAD2005 is the nationally accepted model used to calculate offroad vehicle emissions. The year 2005 was used as the episode year for the 2005 

emissions calculations. The model assumed a distribution of vehicle ages based on 

engine scrappage data for Harris County. Likewise, 2011 was used as the episode year 

for future construction vehicle emissions, which was based on a distribution of vehicle 

ages in Harris County. Owing to the temperate location of HAS airports and upon 

guidance from HAS, it was assumed that project manpower and vehicle use occurred 

40 hours per week and 52 weeks per year. 

9.3 2005 CONSTRUCTION PROJECT INVENTORY 

A construction project inventory for 2005 was compiled for IAH, HOU, and EFD. 

9.3.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

The 2005 construction project inventory for IAH included the following projects. 

15L Project. The 15L Project consisted of repaving and resurfacing Runway 15L from 

August 2005 to March 2006. Reportedly, 40% of the project occurred in 2006, thus only 

60% of the total project emissions are included for this inventory. Equipment usage 

data was extrapolated from the 2008 PHL CEP. The PHL CEP outlines an extensive 

array of construction projects, but only the runway paving and resurfacing portions 

were examined for purposes of the HAS inventory. The scope of runway paving 

activity was approximately equal to the repaving activity involved with the 15L Project. 

Table 9-1 presents the 2005 vehicle operating times. 

 

*The NONROAD2005 Model was created by United States Environmental Protection 

Agency. Further information can be found at 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonrdmdl.htm#docs. 
HAS608 9-3 

Table 9-1 

IAH 15L CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 2005 Work Hours 

Dump Truck 6400 3840 

Paint Truck 720 432 

Paver 960 576 

Primer Truck 240 144 

Reclaimer 400 240 

Roller 2240 1344 

Sweeper 960 576 

Tack Truck 720 432 

Trimmer 240 144 

 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated from the 

Philadelphia International Airport Capacity 

Enhancement Program, KM Chng Environmental, Inc., 

2008). 

9/27 Project. The 9/27 Project consisted of repairing and repaving Runway 9/27 from 

August 2005 to October 2005. Based on the differences in project duration, the 9/27 

Project involved approximately 60% of the activity as that of the 15L Project. An 

additional 17% reduction in vehicle utilization was applied based on the smaller surface 

area of Runway 9/27. Table 9-2 presents the 2005 vehicle operating times. 
HAS608 9-4 

Table 9-2 

IAH 9/27 CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Dump Truck 3184 

Paint Truck 358 

Paver 478 

Primer Truck 119 

Reclaimer 199 

Roller 1114 

Sweeper 478 

Tack Truck 358 

Trimmer 119 

 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 

(extrapolated from the Philadelphia 

International Airport Capacity 

Enhancement Program, KM Chng 

Environmental, Inc., 2008). 

Small Construction Projects. As previously mentioned, there were a variety of smaller 

construction projects that, individually, generated minor emissions, but cumulatively 

generated a notable amount of emissions. These projects include: (1) Terminal C 

electrical vault expansion; (2) sound insulation project; (3) Terminal B tenant space 

improvement; and (4) USPS facility support. It was assumed that the cumulative 

emissions from these projects were approximately 25% of the emissions from the larger 

projects at IAH. 

9.3.2 William P. Hobby Airport 

The 2005 construction project inventory for HOU included the following projects. 

Concourse B Project. The Concourse B Project involved aircraft apron and passenger 

terminal renovation. For this inventory, the project was assumed to be similar to the 

Terminal B North apron/terminal renovation project at IAH.* A 50% reduction in 

vehicle activity, however, was applied because the HOU project lasted approximately 

half as long as the IAH project. A 40% reduction was also applied to account for project 

overlap into 2006. Table 9-3 presents the 2005 vehicle operating times. 

 

*Air Emission Summary for Project 603D, Houston Airport System, 2005. 
HAS608 9-5 

Table 9-3 

HOU CONCOURSE B CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 2005 Work Hours 

Cement Mixer 800 480 

Compressor 1000 600 

Dozer 2000 1200 

Excavator 1250 750 

Generator 2300 1380 

Grader 1000 600 

Loader 1250 75 

Paver 300 180 

Roller 2040 1224 

Concrete Saw 1650 990 

Sweeper 900 540 

Tractor 750 450 

Trencher 300 180 

 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated from Air 

Emission Summary for Project 603D, Houston 

Airport System, 2005). 

Airfield Repair Project. This project involved the repairing and repaving of various 

portions of the airfield at HOU in 2005. These activities were similar to those associated 

with the 15L Project at IAH, but an 87% reduction in vehicle utilization was applied to 

account for the smaller work area. Table 9-4 presents the 2005 vehicle operating times. 

Small Construction Projects. As previously mentioned, there were a variety of smaller 

construction projects that, individually, generated minor emissions, but cumulatively 

generated a significant amount of emissions. These projects include: (1) runway 

lighting; (2) asbestos abatement services; and (3) demolition of several small 

maintenance buildings. It was assumed that the cumulative emissions from these 

projects were approximately 25% of the emissions from the larger projects at HOU. 
HAS608 9-6 

Table 9-4 

HOU AIRFIELD REPAIR CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Dump Truck 832 

Paint Truck 94 

Paver 125 

Primer Truck 31 

Reclaimer 52 

Roller 291 

Sweeper 125 

Tack Truck 94 

Trimmer 31 

 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 

(extrapolated from the 

Philadelphia International 

Airport Capacity Enhancement 

Program, KM Chng 

Environmental, Inc., 2008). 

9.3.3 Ellington Field 

The 2005 construction project inventory for EFD included the following projects. 

Ramp Repair Project. This project involved the repairing and repaving of various 

portions of the airfield ramps at EFD in 2004 and 2005. These activities were similar to 

those associated with the 15L Project at IAH, but a 77% reduction in vehicle activity was 

applied to account for the smaller work area and a 25% reduction was applied due to 

overlap from 2004. Table 9-5 presents the 2005 vehicle operating times.

Aircraft Hangar Project. The project involved the construction of the Rocket Man 

Hangar in 2005. Construction vehicle utilization data was provided by AES reports 

provided by the FAA.* Table 9-6 presents the 2005 vehicle operating times.

 

*Aeronautical Study 2005-ASW-289-NRA, Federal Aviation Administration, 2005. 
HAS608 9-7 

Table 9-5 

EFD RAMP REPAIR CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 2005 Work Hours 

Dump Truck 1472 1104 

Paint Truck 166 124 

Paver 221 166 

Primer Truck 55 41 

Reclaimer 92 69 

Roller 515 386 

Sweeper 221 166 

Tack Truck 166 124 

Trimmer 55 41 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated from the 

Philadelphia International Airport Capacity Enhancement 

Program, KM Chng Environmental, Inc., 2008). 
HAS608 9-8 

Table 9-6 

EFD AIRFIELD HANGAR CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Back Hoe 100 

Cement Mixer 30 

Concrete Saw 30 

Crane 200 

Dozer 30 

Drilling Rig 80 

Dumper/Tender 30 

Grader 50 

Loader 100 

Pick-up Trucks 1,500 

Plate Compactor 30 

Scraper 100 

Trencher 30 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated from 

Aeronautical Study 2005-ASW-289-NRA, Federal 

Aviation Administration, 2005). 

9.4 FUTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT INVENTORY 

Inventories of future construction projects were developed for HOU, IAH, and EFD. 

9.4.1 William P. Hobby Airport 

The HOU Master Plan made a number of recommendations that involve significant 

construction activities.* The projects anticipated to generate significant construction 

emissions are summarized below. While the projects are certain to occur, the precise 

year of construction is unknown. As such, the construction emissions have been 

calculated and can be applied in the year that the project actually occurs. Emissions 

were calculated with NONROAD 2005 using 2011 as the vehicle model year, which 

assumes an average distribution of vehicle ages.

Runway Extension Project. Runway 17L/35R will be extended by an additional 

1,550 feet. Vehicle usage assumptions were extrapolated from the 2008 PHL CEP. 

Table 9-7 presents the future vehicle operating times. 

 

*William P. Hobby 2003 Master Plan, Ricondo & Associates, Inc., 2003. 
HAS608 9-9 

Table 9-7 

HOU RUNWAY EXTENSION CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Back Hoe 21,500 

Bulldozer 18,500 

Concrete Truck 4,100 

Dump Truck 34,500 

Excavator 15,500 

Grader 18,500 

Loader 11,500 

Milling Machine 1,250 

Paver 1,850 

Pick-up Truck 17,250 

Roller 15,500 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated 

from the Philadelphia International 

Airport Capacity Enhancement Program, 

KM Chng Environmental, Inc., 2008). 
HAS608 9-10 

Runway 12L/30R Upgrade Project. Runway 12L/30R will be upgraded to 

accommodate heavier aircraft, which will involve repaving the existing surface 

(approximately 120,883 square meters [m2]). It is assumed that the project would be 

completed within one year. Table 9-8 presents the vehicle operating times based on the 

2005 9/27 Project at IAH (with a 13% reduction in vehicle operating hours due to the 

differences in paving area). 

Taxiway J Project. Taxiway J will be created, which will provide a link between 

Runways 12R/30L and 4/22. It will be approximately 584 m long and 24 m wide 

(14,016 m2). It is assumed that the project will not require substantial earth-moving 

activities, as it is centrally located on the airfield. It will, however, require significant 

paving activities, but should be completed within one year. Table 9-9 presents the 

vehicle operating times based on the 2005 9/27 Project at IAH (with a 37% reduction in 

vehicle operating hours due to the differences in paving area).

Freight Facility Expansion Project. The existing air cargo area will be expanded by 

adding several cargo buildings (two were assumed) and additional parking apron area 

for aircraft (approximately 63,375 m2). It was assumed that no significant earth-moving 

activities will be required, but will require the construction of two hangar-sized 

buildings and re-paving existing airfield areas. 

Table 9-10 presents the vehicle operating times based on the 2005 Hangar Project at 

EFD. 

Table 9-11 presents the vehicle operating times based on the 2005 9/27 Project at IAH 

(with a 54% reduction in vehicle operating hours due to the differences in paving area).
HAS608 9-11 

Table 9-8 

HOU12L/30R UPGRADE CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Dump Truck 2,770 

Paint Truck 311 

Paver 416 

Primer Truck 104 

Reclaimer 173 

Roller 969 

Sweeper 416 

Tack Truck 311 

Trimmer 104 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 

(extrapolated from the Philadelphia 

International Airport Capacity 

Enhancement Program, KM Chng 

Environmental, Inc., 2008). 

Table 9-9 

HOU TAXIWAY J CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Dump Truck 2,006 

Paint Truck 226 

Paver 301 

Primer Truck 75 

Reclaimer 125 

Roller 702 

Sweeper 301 

Tack Truck 226 

Trimmer 75 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated from 

the Philadelphia International Airport Capacity 

Enhancement Program, KM Chng 

Environmental, Inc., 2008). 
HAS608 9-12 

Table 9-10 

HOU FREIGHT FACILITY (CARGO) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Back Hoe 200 

Cement Mixer 60 

Concrete Saw 60 

Crane 400 

Dozer 60 

Drilling Rig 160 

Dumper/Tender 60 

Grader 100 

Loader 200 

Pick-up Trucks 3,000 

Plate Compactor 60 

Scraper 100 

Trencher 100 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 

(extrapolated from Aeronautical 

Study 2005-ASW-289-NRA, Federal 

Aviation Administration, 2005). 
HAS608 9-13 

Table 9-11 

HOU FREIGHT FACILITY (PAVING) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Dump Truck 1,465 

Paint Truck 165 

Paver 220 

Primer Truck 55 

Reclaimer 92 

Roller 512 

Sweeper 220 

Tack Truck 143 

Trimmer 55 

Source: Jacobs Consultancy, 2008 (extrapolated 

from the Philadelphia International 

Airport Capacity Enhancement Program, 

KM Chng Environmental, Inc., 2008). 

Small Construction Projects. As previously mentioned, there were a variety of smaller 

construction projects that, individually, generated minor emissions, but cumulatively 

generated a significant amount of emissions. These projects include: (1) new runway 

lighting; (2) passenger parking garage construction; (3) demolition and construction of 

several small buildings; and (4) rehab of several small taxiways. It was assumed that 

the cumulative emissions from these projects were approximately 25% of the emissions 

from the larger projects at HOU. 

9.4.2 Ellington Field 

A new air traffic control (ATC) tower is planned to be built at EFD. While the project is 

certain to occur, the precise year of construction is unknown. As such, the construction 

emissions have been calculated and can be applied in the year that the project actually 

occurs. Table 9-12 presents the future vehicle operating times. 
HAS608 9-14 

Table 9-12 

EFD FUTURE ATC TOWER CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment Total Work Hours 

Back Hoe 300 

Cement Mixer 90 

Concrete Saw 90 

Crane 600 

Dozer 90 

Drilling Rig 240 

Dumper/Tender 90 

Grader 150 

Loader 300 

Pick-up Trucks 4500 

Plate Compactor 90 

Scraper 150 

Trencher 150 

9.4.3 George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

Future construction projects are detailed in the 2009 Environmental Impact Statement. 

These projects include: 

Potential construction projects at IAH were identified by reviewing the IAH Master 

Plan (MP) and Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). These projects were identified based 

on discussions with HAS staff regarding feasibility and anticipated funding. As a 

result, it was determined that the projects listed below would be included in this 

emissions inventory. 

1. Extension of Secure Automated People Movers (APM) to Terminal A 

2. North Terminal B Improvements 

3. South Terminal B Improvements 

4. Terminal D Improvements 

5. Relocate TRACON 

6. Cross Field Taxiway SF1 

7. Taxiway SF1 Extension 
HAS608 9-15 

8. Will Clayton Parkway/Terminal Area Interchange 

9. Air Cargo Expansion 

10. Hotel Area Roadways 

11. Relocate ARFF Station 

12. Will Clayton Parkway Overpass at Kenswick Drive 

13. JFK Boulevard Elevated Lanes and Widening 

14. Terminal A Improvements 

15. Airport Maintenance Facilities Relocation 

16. New Terminal Roads 

17. Expand Fuel Farm 

18. Will Clayton Parkway Remote Parking 

19. Runway 26L End Around Taxiway 

20. Runway 26L Bypass Holding Pads 

21. Airline Maintenance Relocation (Continental Airlines) 

22. Runway 8R End Around Taxiway and Holding Pad 

23. Arterial Street Improvements 

24. Relocate Flight Kitchen to Central Receiving Area 

25. New Terminal Parking Garage and Commercial Vehicle Staging 

26. Extension of Non-Secure APM to Future New Terminal Site 

27. Runway 9 Bypass Holding Pad 

28. Runway 27 Bypass Holding Pad 

29. East Terminal Area Site Preparation 

30. Runway 9R-27L 

31. Runway 9R West Access Taxiways 

32. Runway 9R North Access Taxiways 

33. Runway 27R End Around Taxiways 

34. Will Clayton Parkway Elevated Lanes and Relocation 

35. East Terminal Apron and Taxiways 

36. East Terminal Building 

37. Extension of Secure Passenger Conveyance System 

38. Light Rail to RCC 

39. Demolish Existing Hotel & Terminal Buildings 

40. Air Cargo Expansion 

41. Runway 8C/26C 

42. Underground Secure APM 

43. Administrative Building 

44. Miscellaneous Airfield Pavement Replacement 

45. Consolidated Communications Center 

46. Rehabilitate Taxiways WA and WB 

47. Reconstruct Taxiways SA and SB 

48. Ditch N Extension Greens Road West of Old Rankin Road 

49. New Houston Police Department Facility 

50. New GT Staging Area 
HAS608 9-16 

51. Landside Roadway Rehabilitation – Roads/Manholes/Utilities 

52. Reconstruct Taxiway NA and NB 

53. Concrete Line South Bank of Greens Road Detention Pond 

54. Relocate Kenswick Ditch/Holding Pond 

55. New Detention Pond North – West (Turkey Creek) 

56. Building Demolition in Areas 4 and 5 

Table 9-13 presents the future-year construction equipment operating times estimated 

for the construction periods. Table 9-14 presents the future on-road construction 

vehicle mileage during the construction period. As shown, 2017 and 2018 involve a 

much greater number of construction equipment as these years are expected to involve 

construction projects such as runway construction and terminal expansion which is 

associated with much more intensive construction needs. 
HAS608 9-17 

Table 9-13 

IAH FUTURE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment 2011 2014 2017 2018 

Fuel Truck 3,240 3,240 3,240 3,240 

Maintenance Vehicle 3,240 3,240 3,240 3,240 

Rubber Tired Backhoe 0 1,080 0 2,700 

Loaders 2,700 25,920 25,110 50,760 

Pile Drivers 540 0 36,720 19,440 

Crane 540 0 85,860 44,820 

Paver 4,050 5,940 4,860 11,610 

Belt Placers 8,100 11,880 9,720 23,220 

Cure Rig 4,050 5,940 4,860 11,610 

Gang Drills 8,100 11,880 9,720 23,220 

Saws 8,100 11,880 9,720 23,220 

Motor Grader 1,890 11,340 4,860 27,270 

Excavator 2,970 23,220 8,640 49,410 

trimmer 1,890 11,340 4,860 27,270 

trencher 0 540 0 1,350 

Hand Tools 540 0 5,130 23,760 

Generators 810 0 191,160 105,300 

Lifts 540 0 4,320 19,980 

Paint Machines 10,530 14,580 12,960 25,110 

Air compressor 3,780 5,940 65,340 32,400 

Concrete pump 0 0 61,560 27,270 

Vacuum sweeper 3,780 5,940 3,780 7,290 

Walk behind saws 26,460 41,580 26,460 51,030 

Compressors 0 4,320 0 1,350 

Truck with silicon pump 3,780 5,940 3,780 7,290 

Front end loaders 0 16,200 0 3,240 

Concrete pump 0 0 61,560 27,270 
HAS608 9-18 

Table 9-14 

IAH FUTURE PROJECT ON-ROAD CONSTRUCTION VHECILES UTILIZATION 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment 2011 2014 2017 2018 

Employees 1,687,284 3,684,636 10,525,896 14,880,024 

Light-Duty Trucks 245,430 345,870 832,680 723,330 

Heavy-Duty Trucks 1,986,390 12,646,260 5,608,602 25,626,510 
Section 10 

SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS 
HAS608 10-1 

Section 10 

SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS 

This section provides summary tables of emissions for all three airports in the Houston 

area: George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), William P. Hobby Airport (HOU) and 

Ellington Field (EFD). The summary of emissions tables are arranged by airport and by 

pollutant for the baseline and all future scenarios. These tables are provided for six 

pollutants: CO, VOC, NOx, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. 

The emissions shown in each table by airport and pollutant is segregated depending on 

the part of the SIP that they belong to. The emissions that are to be included in the 

airport category of the SIP are separated from emissions that are to be included 

elsewhere in the SIP. 

The emissions don’t include that of GSE owned by Continental Airlines and Southwest 

Airlines. Continental and Southwest Airlines are expected to provide their GSE 

inventory directly to TCEQ. 

Generally, several trends can be noted within the emissions inventory for IAH. These 

trends are as follows: 

 Aircraft emissions of NOx, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 increase from 2005 to 2018 as a 

result of greater number of operations and changes in aircraft fleet mix. 

However, with the construction of Runway 9C/27C and 9R/27L and various 

taxiway improvements, after increasing from 2005 through 2014, aircraft 

emissions of CO and VOC would decrease from 2014 to 2017 with lower 

taxi/queue times. 

 GSE emissions decrease from 2005 to 2018 (despite increased aircraft operations 

and thus GSE usage) due to greater combustion efficiency as older equipment is 

replaced with newer units. 

 APU emissions increase from 2005 to 2018 due to greater aircraft operations and 

the retirement of PCA and thus, greater APU operating times. 

 Motor vehicle emissions from parking and roadways (except CO and VOC) 

decrease from 2005 to 2018 as the result of greater engine efficiency and 

improvements to emission rates (despite increase in vehicle miles traveled). CO 

and VOC emissions decrease from 2005 to 2014 but increase from 2014 to 2017 

(but decrease from 2017 to 2018) as additional roadways and parking facilities 

are constructed; adding to the vehicle miles traveled. 

 Stationary source emissions increase throughout the period as additional 

terminal space is constructed. 
HAS608 10-2 

The following trends can be noted within the emissions inventory for HOU: 

 Aircraft emissions for 2011 and 2014 decrease as compared to 2005 as a result of 

a decrease in the number of operations. Beyond 2014, aircraft emissions increase 

with a corresponding increase in operations. 

 GSE emissions decrease from 2005 to 2018 (despite increased aircraft operations 

and thus GSE usage) due to greater combustion efficiency as older equipment is 

replaced with newer units. 

 APU emissions decrease from 2005 to 2017 due to a decrease in operations, in 

spite of higher PCA usage. They increase in 2018 due to greater aircraft 

operations and the retirement of PCA and thus, greater APU operating times. 

 Motor vehicle emissions from parking and roadways (except CO and VOC) 

decrease from 2005 to 2018 due to replacement of older vehicles with newer 

ones. 

The following trends can be noted within the emissions inventory for EFD: 

 Aircraft emissions increase from 2005 to 2018 as a result of greater number of 

operations. 

 GSE emissions decrease from 2005 to 2018 (despite increased aircraft operations 

and thus GSE usage) due to greater combustion efficiency as older equipment is 

replaced with newer units. 

 APU emissions increase from 2005 to 2018 due to greater aircraft operations and 

the retirement of PCA and thus, greater APU operating times. 

 Motor vehicle emissions from parking and roadways (except CO and VOC) 

decrease from 2005 to 2018 due to replacement of older vehicles with newer 

ones. 
HAS608 10-3 

Table 10-1 

CO EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2017 

Annual

2017 

Ozon

Seaso

Daily 

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 2,585 7.42 2,886 8.30 2,964 8.53 2,603 7.4 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 1,097 3.10 645 1.82 440 1.24 285 0.8 Auxiliary Power Units 30 0.09 71 0.22 79 0.24 97 0.3 On-Airport Parking 220 0.62 205 0.58 218 0.62 227 0.6 On-Airport Roadway 1,125 3.21 920 2.63 868 2.48 842 2.4Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 5,057 14.44 4,726 13.54 4,569 13.10 4,055 11.6Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 21 0.07 23 0.07 24 0.08 27 0.0 Training Fires <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.0 Off-Airport Roadway 6,193 17.68 5,084 14.52 4,804 13.72 5,482 15.6 Construction 11 0.03 118 0.36 112 0.34 178 0.5Total Other SIP Categories 6,225 17.78 5,225 14.95 4,941 14.14 5,686 16.2Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 11,282 32.22 9,951 28.49 9,510 27.24 9,741 27.9

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlin

Airlines. 

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 Weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-4 

Table 10-2 

VOC EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2017 

Annual

201

Ozon

Seaso

Dail

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 374 1.08 477 1.38 524 1.51 482 1. GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 43 0.12 25 0.07 18 0.05 12 0. Auxiliary Power Units 2 0.01 6 0.02 7 0.02 9 0. On-Airport Parking 38 0.11 26 0.07 25 0.07 24 0. On-Airport Roadway 94 0.27 72 0.21 63 0.18 57 0.Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 551 1.58 607 1.75 637 1.84 584 1.Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 13 0.05 14 0.05 15 0.06 16 0. Training Fires <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0. Off-Airport Roadway 473 1.35 372 1.06 326 0.93 345 0. Construction 3 0.01 16 0.05 24 0.07 32 0.Total Other SIP Categories 488 1.41 402 1.16 365 1.06 393 1.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 1,039 2.99 1,009 2.91 1,002 2.90 977 2.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlin

Airlines. 

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 Weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-5 

Table 10-3 

NOx EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2017 

Annual

201

Ozo

Seas

Dai

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 2,066 5.91 2,555 7.31 2,980 8.52 3,228 9 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 167 0.46 101 0.28 72 0.20 48 0 Auxiliary Power Units 20 0.06 61 0.18 85 0.26 113 0 On-Airport Parking 45 0.13 29 0.08 24 0.07 19 0 On-Airport Roadway 379 1.08 231 0.66 179 0.51 134 0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 2,677 7.64 2,976 8.51 3,340 9.56 3,542 10Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 12 0.04 13 0.04 14 0.05 15 0 Training Fires <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0 Off-Airport Roadway 1,979 5.65 1,235 3.53 964 2.75 770 2 Construction 30 0.09 114 0.35 139 0.42 75 0Total Other SIP Categories 2,021 5.78 1,361 3.92 1,116 3.22 861 2Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 4,697 13.42 4,338 12.43 4,456 12.78 4,402 12

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlin

Airlines. 

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 Weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-6 

Table 10-4 

SOx EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2017 

Annual

2017 

Ozon

Seaso

Daily 

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 242 0.69 274 0.78 306 0.88 303 0.8 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 16 0.04 2 <0.01 2 <0.01 2 <0.0 Auxiliary Power Units 3 0.01 10 0.03 13 0.04 17 0.0 On-Airport Parking 1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.0 On-Airport Roadway 12 0.03 1 0.00 2 0.00 2 0.0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 273 0.78 287 0.82 322 0.93 323 0.9Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 1 <0.01 1 <0.01 1 <0.01 1 <0.0 Training Fires <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.0 Off-Airport Roadway 53 0.15 8 0.02 8 0.02 11 0.0 Construction 4 0.01 <1 <0.01 1 <0.01 1 <0.0Total Other SIP Categories 58 0.17 9 0.03 11 0.03 13 0.0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 331 0.95 296 0.85 333 0.96 336 0.9

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlin

Airlines. 

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 Weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-7 

Table 10-5 

PM-10 EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2017 

Annual

2017 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 32 0.09 37 0.11 41 0.12 41 0.1 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 7 0.02 5 0.01 4 0.01 3 0.0 Auxiliary Power Units 4 0.01 9 0.03 12 0.04 15 0.0 On-Airport Parking 1 <0.01 1 <0.01 1 <0.01 1 <0.0 On-Airport Roadway 12 0.03 7 0.02 7 0.02 6 0.0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 55 0.16 59 0.17 64 0.19 66 0.1Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 6 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.02 8 0.0 Training Fires <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.0 Off-Airport Roadway 45 0.13 33 0.09 31 0.09 35 0.1 Construction 21 0.06 12 0.04 13 0.04 14 0.0Total Other SIP Categories 72 0.21 51 0.15 51 0.15 57 0.1Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 127 0.37 110 0.32 116 0.34 122 0.3

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airli

Airlines. 

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 Weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-8 

Table 10-6 

PM-2.5 EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Daily 

2017 

Annual

2017 

Ozon

Seaso

Daily 

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 32 0.09 37 0.11 41 0.12 41 0.1

 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 7 0.02 4 0.01 4 0.01 3 0.0

 Auxiliary Power Units 3 0.01 9 0.03 12 0.04 15 0.0

 On-Airport Parking 1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.0

 On-Airport Roadway 9 0.02 4 0.01 4 0.01 3 0.0

Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 51 0.15 56 0.16 61 0.18 62 0.1

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 6 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.02 8 0.0

 Training Fires <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.01 <1 <0.0

 Off-Airport Roadway 32 0.09 19 0.05 17 0.05 17 0.0

 Construction 21 0.06 5 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.0

Total Other SIP Categories 59 0.17 31 0.09 31 0.09 32 0.1Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 110 0.32 87 0.25 91 0.27 94 0.2

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlin

Airlines. 

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 Weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-9 

Table 10-7 

CO EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Ozo

Sea

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 871 2.5 793 2.3 843 2.5 950 2 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 86 0.2 42 0.1 27 0.1 17 <0 Auxiliary Power Units 58 0.2 43 0.1 44 0.1 57 0. On-Airport Parking 14 <0.1 12 <0.1 11 <0.1 11 <0 On-Airport Roadway 19 0.1 14 <0.1 13 <0.1 12 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

1,049 3.1 905 2.6 938 2.7 1,047 3.

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 260 0.8 186 0.5 163 0.5 156 0 Construction 4 <0.1 72 0.2 50 0.2 30 0.

Total Other SIP Categories 266 0.8 260 0.7 215 0.7 188 0.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

1,315 3.9 1,165 3.3 1,153 3.4 1,235 3.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-10 

Table 10-8 

VOC EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

201

Ozo

Seas

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 163 0.5 151 0.4 160 0.5 178 0.

 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 4 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 1 <0

 Auxiliary Power Units 4 <0.1 3 <0.1 3 <0.1 4 <0

 On-Airport Parking 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0

 On-Airport Roadway 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0

Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

176 0.5 159 0.5 166 0.5 185 0.

Other SIP Categories

 Key Stationary Sources 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 20 0.1 13 <0.1 11 <0.1 9 <0 Construction 1 <0.1 13 <0.1 11 <0.1 10 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 23 0.1 28 0.1 24 0.1 21 0.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

199 0.6 187 0.6 190 0.6 206 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-11 

Table 10-9 

NOx EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Ozo

Sea

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 571 1.5 540 1.4 556 1.4 593 1. GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 28 0.1 14 <0.1 10 <0.1 7 <0 Auxiliary Power Units 22 0.1 16 <0.1 16 0.1 21 0. On-Airport Parking 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0 On-Airport Roadway 3 <0.1 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

625 1.6 573 1.5 585 1.5 623 1.

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 44 0.1 22 0.1 16 <0.1 12 <0 Construction 9 <0.1 178 0.5 112 0.5 97 0.

Total Other SIP Categories 55 0.2 201 0.6 129 0.5 110 0.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

680 1.8 774 2.1 714 2.0 733 2.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-12 

Table 10-10 

SOx EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

201

Ozo

Seas

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 70 0.2 65 0.2 68 0.2 73 0. GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 3 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Auxiliary Power Units 4 <0.1 3 <0.1 3 <0.1 4 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

77 0.2 68 0.2 71 0.2 78 0.

Other SIP Categories

 Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 2 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Construction 1 <0.1 33 0.1 30 0.1 28 0.

Total Other SIP Categories 4 <0.1 34 0.1 32 0.1 29 0.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

81 0.2 102 0.3 103 0.3 107 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-13 

Table 10-11 

PM-10 EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Ozo

Sea

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 9 <0.1 9 <0.1 9 <0.1 10 <0 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Auxiliary Power Units 5 <0.1 4 <0.1 4 <0.1 5 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

16 <0.1 13 <0.1 14 <0.1 16 <0

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Off-Airport Roadway 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0 Construction 2 <0.1 29 <0.1 38 <0.1 44 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 5 <0.1 31 <0.1 40 <0.1 46 <0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

21 0.0 44 0.0 54 0.0 62 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-14 

Table 10-12 

PM-2.5 EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Ozo

Sea

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 9 <0.1 9 <0.1 9 <0.1 10 <0 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 <1 <0 Auxiliary Power Units 5 <0.1 4 <0.1 4 <0.1 5 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

16 <0.1 13 <0.1 14 <0.1 15 <0

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Off-Airport Roadway 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 <1 <0 Construction 2 <0.1 29 0.1 37 0.1 43 0.Total Other SIP Categories 4 <0.1 30 0.1 39 0.1 45 0.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

20 0.0 43 0.1 53 0.1 60 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-15 

Table 10-13 

CO EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Ozo

Sea

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 1,014 3.3 1,155 3.7 1,226 3.9 1,296 4. GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Auxiliary Power Units 3 <0.1 4 <0.1 4 <0.1 4 <0 On-Airport Parking 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0 On-Airport Roadway 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

1,020 3.3 1,162 3.7 1,233 4.0 1,303 4.

Other SIP Categories

 Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 69 0.2 61 0.2 56 0.2 54 0. Construction 3 <0.1 3 <0.1 2 <0.1 1 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 73 0.2 65 0.2 59 0.2 56 0.Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

1,093 3.5 1,227 3.9 1,292 4.2 1,359 4.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-16 

Table 10-14 

VOC EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Oz

Sea

Wee

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 109 0.3 125 0.4 133 0.4 141 0 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Auxiliary Power Units <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

110 0.3 125 0.4 133 0.4 141 0

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources 8 <0.1 9 0.1 10 0.1 10 0 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 5 <0.1 4 <0.1 3 <0.1 3 <0 Construction 1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 15 0.1 15 0.1 15 0.1 15 0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

125 0.4 140 0.5 148 0.5 156 0

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-17 

Table 10-15 

NOx EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

201

Ozo

Seas

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 64 0.2 73 0.2 78 0.2 82 0. GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Auxiliary Power Units 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

65 0.2 75 0.2 79 0.2 84 0.

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway 5 <0.1 4 <0.1 3 <0.1 3 <0 Construction 6 <0.1 6 <0.1 4 <0.1 3 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 13 <0.1 11 <0.1 9 <0.1 7 <0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

78 0.2 86 0.2 88 0.2 91 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-18 

Table 10-16 

SOx EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

201

Ozo

Seas

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 15 <0.1 17 <0.1 18 0.1 19 0. GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Auxiliary Power Units <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

15 <0.1 17 0.1 18 0.1 19 0.

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Construction 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

17 0.0 19 0.1 20 0.1 21 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines a

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-19 

Table 10-17 

PM-10 EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

20

Ozo

Seas

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 2 <0 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Auxiliary Power Units <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

1 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Construction 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 4 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

5 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines an

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30. 
HAS608 10-20 

Table 10-18 

PM-2.5 EMISSIONS IN SHORT TONS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Emission Source Group 

2005 

Annual

2005 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2011 

Annual

2011 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2014 

Annual 

2014 

Ozone 

Season 

Weekday

2017 

Annual

201

Ozo

Seas

Week

Airport SIP Category  Aircraft Operations 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 2 <0 GSE excluding CO and WN owned GSE <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Auxiliary Power Units <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Parking <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 On-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

Total Airport SIP Category, excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

1 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0

Other SIP Categories Key Stationary Sources <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Training Fires <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0

 Off-Airport Roadway <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0.1 <1 <0 Construction 2 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0.1 1 <0

Total Other SIP Categories 3 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0.1 2 <0Total Airport related Emissions excluding CO and WN owned GSE 

4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.

Notes: 

(a) Ground Support Equipment do not include emissions from equipment owned or operated by Continental Airlines a

(b) Ozone Season Weekday represents 197 weekdays from March 1 to November 30 
	


	










	















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HAS608 i 

CONTENTS 

Appendix Page 

 A ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS... A-1

A.1 Introduction...................................................................................... A-1

A.2 Aircraft Operations, Fleet Mix and Engine Type........................ A-1

A.2.1 Annual Aircraft Operations ............................................... A-1

A.2.2 Ozone Season Weekday Aircraft Operations.................. A-4

A.2.3 Fleet Mix ............................................................................... A-5

A.2.3 Aircraft Engine Type........................................................... A-21

A.3 Taxi Times......................................................................................... A-44

A.3.1 Baseline Taxi times .............................................................. A-44

A.3.2 Future Taxi times................................................................. A-61

 B ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM AUXILIARY POWER UNITS B-1

B.1 Introduction...................................................................................... B-1

B.2 PCA Equipage at the Gates ............................................................ B-1

B.2.1 Baseline Year ........................................................................ B-1

B.2.2 Future Years ......................................................................... B-1

B.3 Gate Occupancy Time..................................................................... B-3

B.4 Temperature..................................................................................... B-3

B.5 APU Times Computation Methodology ...................................... B-3

 C ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM GROUND SUPPORT 

EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................. C-1

C.1 Introduction...................................................................................... C-1

C.2 GSE Activity Within the Vicinity of the Aircraft ........................ C-1

C.2.1 Time in Mode Survey.......................................................... C-1

C.2.2 GSE Equipment Types........................................................ C-5

C.3 GSE Activity Beyond the Vicinity of the Aircraft ....................... C-6

C.3.1 Distance Survey ................................................................... C-6

 D ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM PARKING FACILITIES AND 

TERMINAL CURBSIDES.......................................................................... D-1

D.1 Introduction...................................................................................... D-1

D.2 Parking Traffic Volumes................................................................. D-1

D.2.1 Public Parking Lots ............................................................. D-1

D.2.2 Employee Parking Lots....................................................... D-3

D.2.3 Rental Car Lots..................................................................... D-5

D.2.4 Taxicab Lot ........................................................................... D-6

D.3 Computation of Parking/Curbside Emission Factors ............... D-7
HAS608 ii 

CONTENTS (continued)

Appendix Page 

 E ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM ROADWAY TRAFFIC .......... E-1

E.1 Introduction...................................................................................... E-1

E.2 On-airport roadway traffic............................................................. E-1

E.2.1 IAH ........................................................................................ E-1

E.2.2 HOU ...................................................................................... E-3

E.2.3 EFD ........................................................................................ E-4

E.3 Off-Airport Roadway Traffic ......................................................... E-4

E.4 Roadway Emission Factors ............................................................ E-5

 F ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES .... F-1

F.1 Introduction...................................................................................... F-1

F.2 HAS Owned Stationary Sources ................................................... F-1

F.2.1 Boilers.................................................................................... F-1

F.2.2 Generators ............................................................................ F-2

F.2.3 Incinerator............................................................................. F-3

F.2.4 Training Fires ....................................................................... F-4

F.3 Fuel Consumption........................................................................... F-4

 G ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM CONSTRUCTION 

ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................ G-1

G.1 Introduction...................................................................................... G-1

G.2 Methodology .................................................................................... G-1

G.3 2005 Construction Project Emissions............................................ G-2

G.3.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. G-2

G.3.2 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. G-5

G.3.3 Ellington Field...................................................................... G-8

G.4 Future Construction Project Emissions ........................................ G-11

G.4.1 William P. Hobby Airport.................................................. G-11

G.4.2 Ellington Field...................................................................... G-28 

G.4.3 George Bush Intercontinental Airport.............................. G-31
HAS608 iii 

TABLES 

Page 

A-1 2005 Monthly Operations by Aircraft Category at IAH............................. A-1 

A-2 Annual Operations by Aircraft Category at IAH........................................ A-2 

A-3 2005 Monthly Operations by Aircraft Category at HOU ........................... A-2 

A-4 Annual Operations by Aircraft Category at HOU ...................................... A-3 

A-5 2005 Monthly Tower Counts by Aircraft Category at EFD ....................... A-3 

A-6 Annual Operations by Aircraft Category at EFD........................................ A-4 

A-7 Ozone Season Proportions by Aircraft Category ........................................ A-5 

A-8 2005 Annual Passenger Aircraft Mix by Airline and Aircraft Type 

at IAH ................................................................................................................ A-6 

A-9 2005 Annual Passenger Aircraft Mix by Airline and Aircraft Type 

at HOU............................................................................................................... A-9 

A-10 2005 General Aviation Mix by Aircraft Type at IAH.................................. A-10 

A-11 2005 General Aviation Mix by Aircraft Type at HOU................................ A-12 

A-12 2005 General Aviation Mix by Aircraft Type at EFD.................................. A-17 

A-13 2005 Cargo Mix by Aircraft Type at IAH ..................................................... A-20 

A-14 2005 Cargo Mix by Aircraft Type at EFD ..................................................... A-21 

A-15 Annual LTO by Aircraft-Engine Combination at IAH............................... A-22 

A-16 Annual LTO by Aircraft-Engine Combination at HOU............................. A-31 

A-17 Annual LTO by Aircraft-Engine Combination at EFD............................... A-39 

A-18 Runway Utilization and Average Taxi in Time by Aircraft Type at IAH A-45 

A-19 Runway Utilization and Average Taxi Out Time by Aircraft Type 

at IAH ................................................................................................................ A-48 

A-20 Runway Utilization and Average Taxi in Time by Aircraft Type 

at HOU............................................................................................................... A-51 

A-21 Runway Utilization and Average Taxi Out Time by Aircraft Type 

at HOU............................................................................................................... A-54 

A-22 Runway Utilization and Average Taxi In Time by Aircraft Type at EFD A-57 

A-23 Runway Utilization and Average Taxi Out Time by Aircraft Type 

at EFD ................................................................................................................ A-59 

A-24 Delay-Demand Relationship at IAH ............................................................. A-61 

A-25 Taxi In Times by Runway at IAH.................................................................. A-62 

A-26 Taxi Out Times by Runway at IAH............................................................... A-62 

A-27 Delay-Demand Relationship at HOU ........................................................... A-63 

A-28 Future Taxi Times by Aircraft Type at HOU ............................................... A-64 

B-1 PCA Usage at IAH ........................................................................................... B-2 

B-2 PCA Usage at HOU ......................................................................................... B-2 

B-3 APU Temperature Analysis ........................................................................... B-3 

C-1 Time In Mode Survey at IAH......................................................................... C-2 

C-2 Time In Mode Survey at HOU ....................................................................... C-4 

C-3 GPU Usage at IAH........................................................................................... C-5 

C-4 GSE Equipment Types .................................................................................... C-5 

C-5 Fuel Truck Mileage at IAH ............................................................................. C-7 

C-6 Fuel Truck Mileage at HOU ........................................................................... C-8 
HAS608 iv 

TABLES (continued)

Page 

D-1 Daily Employee Parking Lot Entrances and Exits at IAH ......................... D-4 

D-2 Daily Employee Parking Lot Entrances and Exits at HOU........................ D-4 

D-3 Daily Employee Parking Lot Entrances and Exits at EFD ......................... D-5 

D-4 Daily Rental Car Parking Lot Traffic at HOU.............................................. D-6 

D-5a 2005 Parking Emission Factors at IAH.......................................................... D-8 

D-5b 2005 Terminal Curbsides Emission Factors at IAH .................................... D-9 

D-6a 2011 Parking Emission Factors at IAH.......................................................... D-10 

D-6b 2011 Terminal Curbsides Emission Factors at IAH .................................... D-11 

D-7a 2014 Parking Emission Factors at IAH.......................................................... D-12 

D-7b 2014 Terminal Curbsides Emission Factors at IAH .................................... D-13 

D-8a 2017 Parking Emission Factors at IAH.......................................................... D-14 

D-8b 2017 Terminal Curbsides Emission Factors at IAH .................................... D-15 

D-9a 2018 Parking Emission Factors at IAH.......................................................... D-16 

D-9b 2018 Terminal Curbsides Emission Factors at IAH .................................... D-17 

D-10 2005 Parking Emission Factors at HOU........................................................ D-18 

D-11 2011 Parking Emission Factors at HOU........................................................ D-19 

D-12 2014 Parking Emission Factors at HOU........................................................ D-20 

D-13 2017 Parking Emission Factors at HOU........................................................ D-21 

D-14 2018 Parking Emission Factors at HOU........................................................ D-22 

D-15 2005 Parking Emission Factors at EFD.......................................................... D-23 

D-16 2011 Parking Emission Factors at EFD.......................................................... D-24 

D-17 2014 Parking Emission Factors at EFD.......................................................... D-25 

D-18 2017 Parking Emission Factors at EFD.......................................................... D-26 

D-19 2018 Parking Emission Factors at EFD.......................................................... D-27 

E-1 2005 Roadway Traffic Parameters at IAH.................................................... E-2 

E-2 2005 Roadway Traffic Parameters at HOU .................................................. E-3 

E-3 2005 Roadway Traffic Parameters at EFD .................................................... E-4 

E-4 2005 Roadway Emission Factors.................................................................... E-6 

E-5 2011 Roadway Emission Factors.................................................................... E-7 

E-6 2014 Roadway Emission Factors.................................................................... E-8 

E-7 2017 Roadway Emission Factors.................................................................... E-9 

F-8 2018 Roadway Emission Factors.................................................................... E-10 

F-1 2007 Boiler Consumption at IAH................................................................... F-1 

F-2 2006 Boiler consumption at HOU.................................................................. F-2 

F-3 2007 Generator Consumption at IAH ........................................................... F-3 

F-4 2007 Incinerator Consumption at IAH.......................................................... F-3 

F-5 2005 Jet A Fuel Consumption at HOU.......................................................... F-5 

F-6 2005 Fuel Consumption at EFD ..................................................................... F-6 

G-1 15L Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)................................................. G-3 

G-2 15L Asphalt Emissions (Tons)........................................................................ G-3 

G-3 9/27 Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)............................................... G-4 

G-4 9/27 Asphalt Emissions (Tons)...................................................................... G-4 
HAS608 v 

TABLES (continued)

Page 

G-5 Total 2005 Construction Emissions at IAH .................................................. G-5 

G-6 Concourse B Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)................................. G-6 

G-7 Airfield Repair Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ............................ G-7 

G-8 Airfield Repair Asphalt Emissions (Tons).................................................... G-7 

G-9 Total 2005 Construction Emissions At Hou (Tons)..................................... G-8 

G-10 Ramp Repair Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)................................ G-9 

G-11 Ramp Repair Asphalt Emissions (Tons)....................................................... G-9 

G-12 Aircraft Hangar Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)........................... G-10 

G-13 Total 2005 Construction Emissions At Efd (Tons) ...................................... G-11 

G-14 2011 Runway Extension Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)............. G-12 

G-15 2014 Runway Extension Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)............. G-13 

G-16 2017 Runway Extension Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)............. G-14 

G-17 2018 Runway Extension Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)............. G-15 

G-18 2011 12L/30R Upgrade Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons).............. G-16 

G-19 2014 12L/30R Upgrade Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons).............. G-17 

G-20 2017 12L/30R Upgrade Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons).............. G-18 

G-21 2018 12L/30R Upgrade Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons).............. G-19 

G-22 12L/30R Asphalt Emissions (Tons)............................................................... G-19 

G-23 2011 Taxiway J Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ............................ G-20 

G-24 2014 Taxiway J Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ............................ G-20 

G-25 2017 Taxiway J Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ............................ G-21 

G-26 2018 Taxiway J Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ............................ G-21 

G-27 Taxiway J Asphalt Emissions (Tons)............................................................ G-22 

G-28 2011 Freight Facility (Cargo) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)..... G-22 

G-29 2014 Freight Facility (Cargo) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)..... G-23 

G-30 2017 Freight Facility (Cargo) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)..... G-23 

G-31 2018 Freight Facility (Cargo) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons)..... G-24 

G-32 2011 Freight Facility (Paving) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ... G-24 

G-33 2014 Freight Facility (Paving) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ... G-25 

G-34 2017 Freight Facility (Paving) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ... G-25 

G-35 2018 Freight Facility (Paving) Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ... G-26 

G-36 Freight Facility Asphalt Emissions (Tons).................................................... G-26 

G-37 2011 Future Construction Emissions at HOU (Tons) ................................. G-27 

G-38 2014 Future Construction Emissions at HOU (Tons) ................................. G-27 

G-39 2017 Future Construction Emissions at HOU (Tons) ................................. G-28 

G-40 2018 Future Construciton Emissions at HOU (Tons) ................................. G-28 

G-41 2011 ATC Tower Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ......................... G-29 

G-42 2014 ATC Tower Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ......................... G-29 

G-43 2017 ATC Tower Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ......................... G-30 

G-44 2018 ATC Tower Construction Vehicle Emissions (Tons) ......................... G-30 

G-45 Future IAH Construction Emissions (Tons)................................................. G-45 
HAS608 vi 

FIGURES 

Page 

D-1 2005 Annual Public Parking Lot Traffic at IAH .......................................... D-1 

D-2 2005 Ozone Season Weekday Public Parking Lot Traffic at IAH ............. D-2 

D-3 2005 Annual Public Parking Lot Traffic at HOU......................................... D-2 

D-4 2005 Ozone Season Weekday Public Parking Lot Traffic at HOU ........... D-3 

D-5 2005 Annual Taxicab Lot Traffic at HOU ..................................................... D-6 

F-1 2005 Jet A Fuel Consumption at IAH by Fuel Tank.................................... F-4 
Appendix A 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 
HAS608 A-1 

Appendix A 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 

A.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and input 

data for estimating emissions from aircraft operations for the development of the 8-hour 

ozone SIP for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) nonattainment area. 

A.2 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS, FLEET MIX AND ENGINE TYPE 

A.2.1 Annual Aircraft Operations 

Baseline operations in 2005 at IAH and HOU were derived from the data contained in 

the FAA Air Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS) and the 2008 version of the FAA 

Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) database. Future operations at IAH were derived from 

preliminary estimates as part of the Master Plan and Capital Improvement Plan 

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The forecast operations were based on the TAF 

forecast accounting for the retirement cycle of aircraft and expected airport 

improvements. Future annual operations for HOU were derived from 2008 TAF. 

Tables A-1 and A-2 shows the 2005 monthly aircraft operations and annual operations 

from TAF at IAH. 

Table A-1 

2005 MONTHLY OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Month Air Carrier Air Taxi 

Itinerant 

General 

Aviation 

Local 

General 

Aviation 

Itinerant 

Military 

Local 

Military 

January 22,346 20,639 1,235 10 10 0 

February 20,597 19,432 1,213 9 9 0 

March 24,119 23,317 1,318 21 21 0 

April 22,237 22,261 1,303 7 7 0 

May 22,712 23,346 1,395 23 23 0 

June 23,744 23,921 1,579 11 11 0 

July 24,248 25,339 1,141 12 12 0 

August 23,718 25,691 1,301 10 10 0 

September 19,630 20,445 1,704 64 64 0 

October 21,774 24,484 1,456 24 24 0 

November 21,092 23,783 1,228 6 6 0 

December 22,498 25,818 1,178 5 5 0 

Source: FAA Air Traffic Activity Data System. 
HAS608 A-2 

Table A-2 

ANNUAL OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Air Carrier & 

Cargo 

Air Taxi & 

Commuter 

General 

Aviation Military 

2005 (a) 271,352   263,514   16,685   233  

2011 285,872   289,939   14,460   252  

2014 314,503   309,192   15,198   252  

2017 342,998   326,829   16,071   252  

2018 353,287   333,038   16,376   252  

(a) Source: FAA 2008 Terminal Area Forecast and HNTB analysis. 

Tables A-3 and A-4 shows the 2005 monthly aircraft operations and annual operations 

from TAF at IAH. 

Table A-3 

2005 MONTHLY OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Month Air Carrier Air Taxi 

Itinerant 

General 

Aviation 

Local 

General 

Aviation 

Itinerant 

Military 

Local 

Military 

January 9,138 4,230 6,751 205 15 5 

February 8,191 3,625 6,452 30 11 0 

March 9,187 4,158 6,884 210 19 4 

April 8,851 4,352 6,858 2 41 0 

May 9,218 4,401 7,048 377 26 0 

June 9,075 3,905 6,789 42 36 0 

July 9,184 3,732 5,719 241 21 4 

August 9,352 4,440 6,795 217 31 3 

September 8,239 5,030 7,722 307 46 0 

October 8,646 5,091 7,387 362 13 37 

November 8,165 4,315 6,950 348 15 0 

December 8,513 4,106 6,804 405 9 0 

Source: FAA Air Traffic Activity Data System. 
HAS608 A-3 

Table A-4 

ANNUAL OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year Commercial Air Taxi 

General 

Aviation Military 

2005 107,952 50,070 83,557 325

2011 104,986 44,789 81,431 613

2014 109,393 46,805 83,068 613

2017 113,983 48,913 88,015 613

2018 115,557 49,641 89,732 613

Source: 2008 FAA Terminal Area Forecast database. 

Baseline operations at EFD were derived from actual tower counts for each month in 

2005. Table A-5 shows the tower counts. 

Table A-5 

2005 MONTHLY TOWER COUNTS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Month 

Cargo/Air 

Taxi 

Itinerant 

General 

Aviation 

Local 

General 

Aviation 

Itinerant 

Military 

Local 

Military 

January 118 4,363 1,648 2,355 1,151 

February 120 4,518 2,567 2,851 1,758 

March 194 5,978 3,012 3,966 2,535 

April 233 5,935 3,275 3,702 2,313 

May 146 5,996 3,188 3,631 2,444 

June 132 5,646 2,871 3,638 2,470 

July 102 4,453 2,415 2,299 1,371 

August 289 5,410 3,245 3,822 2,908 

September 280 5,594 3,203 3,237 2,243 

October 353 5,803 3,256 3,341 2,205 

November 302 4,258 2,293 2,236 1,430 

December 267 3,711 1,998 1,596 1,020 

Source: FAA Tower Records. 
HAS608 A-4 

The baseline operations were grown for future years by the growth rate identified for 

general aviation operations from the High growth case forecast for general aviation 

operations in the 2004 Leigh Fisher Associates Master Plan. All military and cargo/air 

taxi operations were constant. Table A-6 shows the future annual operations at EFD. 

Table A-6 

ANNUAL OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Cargo/Air 

Taxi 

General 

Aviation Military 

2005 1,967 82,376 54,240 

2011 50,487 101,950 54,240 

2014 52,760 138,289 54,240 

2017 55,135 203,554 54,240 

2018 55,956 307,010 54,240 

A.2.2 Ozone Season Weekday Aircraft Operations 

The ozone season weekday aircraft operations were computed as a product of the 

percentage of total annual operations that take place during the ozone season months 

and then reduced by the ratio of weekend-to-weekday activity during the ozone season 

months.

The percentage operations that occur during the ozone season months were derived 

from the monthly operations data from ATADS and FAA tower records (see Tables A-1, 

A-3 and A-5 for IAH, HOU and EFD respectively). The weekday-to-weekend 

proportion for passenger service was derived from an Official Airline Guide (OAG) 

schedule for the baseline year. 

Weekday to weekend proportions for general aviation operations were derived from 

touchdown/take off times from noise monitoring data from May 2008 to August 2008. 

Military operations were assumed to have similar weekday-to-weekend proportions as 

general aviation. Table A-7 shows the ozone season to annual and weekend to 

weekday proportions by aircraft category. 
HAS608 A-5 

Table A-7 

OZONE SEASON PROPORTIONS BY AIRCRAFT CATEGORY 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Ozone Season to Annual Weekend to Weekday 

Airport 

Air 

Carrier/Taxi 

General 

Aviation Military 

Air 

Carrier/Taxi

General 

Aviation Military 

IAH 76.0% 77.5% 88.1% 74.0% 80.4% 80.4% 

HOU 75.9% 75.7% 88.1% 76.0% 80.3% 80.3% 

EFD 79.6% 80.1% 82.3% 77.7% 77.7% 77.7% 

A.2.3 Fleet Mix 

The fleet mix for commercial passenger operations was obtained from the OAG 

schedule of operations for each airport for calendar year 2005. This information was 

then applied to the total annual and ozone season passenger aircraft operations to get 

total operations by airline/aircraft type. Table A-8 and A-9 show the 2005 passenger 

aircraft operations by airline and aircraft type at IAH and HOU respectively. There are 

no scheduled passenger operations at EFD. 
HAS608 A-6 

Table A-8 

2005 ANNUAL PASSENGER AIRCRAFT MIX BY AIRLINE AND AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline

OAG Aircraft

Type

OAG

LTO

(a)

EDMS

Aircraft Type

Tower

Distributed

LTO (b) LTO %

AAL B738 1,902 B738 1,854 0.7%

AAL MD80 2,944 MD82 2,871 1.1%

AAL MD83 1,028 MD83 1,002 0.4%

ACA A319 292 A319 285 0.1%

AFR B772 303 B773 296 0.1%

AFR B77W 62 B773 61 0.0%

AJM A320 40 A320 39 0.0%

AMX B737 228 B737 223 0.1%

AMX MD87 499 MD87 487 0.2%

ASH CRJ9 214 CRJ9 209 0.1%

ASH CRJ9 195 CRJ9 190 0.1%

ASQ CRJ2 1,124 CRJ2 1,138 0.4%

ASQ CRJ7 469 CRJ7 457 0.2%

AWE A319 26 A319 26 0.0%

AWE A320 926 A320 903 0.3%

AWE B732 2 B733 2 0.0%

AWE B733 701 B733 684 0.3%

AWE B752 431 B752 420 0.2%

BAW B772 611 B772 596 0.2%

BTA E135 11,585 E140 11,736 4.4%

BTA E145 102,466 E145 103,779 39.2%

CAL A343 235 A343 230 0.1%

CAL B744 1 B744 1 0.0%

CAY B737 112 B732 108 0.0%

CJC SF34 8,905 SF34 9,017 3.4%

CMP E145 2 E190 2 0.0%

COA B733 22,538 B733 21,979 8.3%

COA B735 20,372 B735 19,863 7.5%

COA B737 9,493 B737 9,257 3.5%

COA B738 29,914 B738 29,162 11.0%

COA B739 6,438 B739 6,276 2.4%

COA B752 6,000 B752 5,852 2.2%

COA B752 1,808 B752 1,763 0.7%

COA B753 3,311 B753 3,227 1.2%
HAS608 A-7 

Table A-8 (Continued)

2005 ANNUAL PASSENGER AIRCRAFT MIX BY AIRLINE AND AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline

OAG Aircraft

Type

OAG

LTO

(a)

Aircraft Type

Used

Tower

Distributed

LTO (b) LTO %

COA B762 601 B762 587 0.2%

COA B764 839 B764 818 0.3%

COA B764 1,278 B764 1,245 0.5%

COA B772 1,626 B772 1,585 0.6%

COA E135 2 E140 1 0.0%

COA E145 7 E145 6 0.0%

COA SF34 1 MD82  ‐ 0.0%

COM CRJ2 273 CRJ2 277 0.1%

COM CRJ7 593 CRJ7 578 0.2%

CPA MD80 75 MD82 36 0.0%

DAL B732 751 B732 733 0.3%

DAL B733 869 B733 847 0.3%

DAL MD80 1,376 MD82 1,341 0.5%

DAL MD90 85 MD90 83 0.0%

EGF CRJ7 53 CRJ7 52 0.0%

EGF E140 159 E140 161 0.1%

EGF E145 270 E145 273 0.1%

FFT A318 253 A318 246 0.1%

FFT A319 824 A319 801 0.3%

FLG CRJ2 383 CRJ2 388 0.1%

JZA CRJ2 489 CRJ2 494 0.2%

JZA CRJ7 900 CRJ7 878 0.3%

JZA CRJ7 158 CRJ7 154 0.1%

KLM B737 49 B734 48 0.0%

KLM B744 364 B744 355 0.1%

KLM B764 131 B744 128 0.0%

MES CRJ2 17 CRJ2 17 0.0%

NWA A319 2,696 A319 2,629 1.0%

NWA A320 175 A320 171 0.1%

NWA DC93 857 DC93 837 0.3%

NWA DC95 13 DC95 13 0.0%

PIA B772 53 B772 51 0.0%

RPA E170 199 E170 193 0.1%
HAS608 A-8 

Table A-8 (Continued)

2005 ANNUAL PASSENGER AIRCRAFT MIX BY AIRLINE AND AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline

OAG Aircraft

Type

OAG

LTO

(a)

Aircraft Type

Used (c)

Tower

Distributed

LTO (b) LTO %

SCX B738 15 B738 15 0.0%

SKW CRJ2 65 CRJ2 66 0.0%

SKW CRJ7 477 CRJ7 466 0.2%

SKW E120 4,243 E120 4,302 1.6%

SKW E170 956 CRJ7 933 0.4%

SKW E170 649 CRJ7 633 0.2%

SWA B732 12 B733 12 0.0%

SWA B733 180 B733 175 0.1%

SWA B735 296 B735 288 0.1%

SWA B737 11 B737 11 0.0%

SWA B737 709 B737 692 0.3%

TAI A319 18 A319 18 0.0%

TAI A320 400 A320 391 0.1%

UAL A319 803 A319 783 0.3%

UAL A320 186 A320 182 0.1%

UAL B733 1,085 B733 1,057 0.4%

UAL B735 759 B735 740 0.3%

UAL B752 5 B752 5 0.0%

USA B733 884 B733 861 0.3%

USA B734 1 B734 1 0.0%

USA CRJ2 4 CRJ2 4 0.0%

USA CRJ7 694 CRJ7 676 0.3%

USA E170 2,587 CRJ7 2,522 1.0%

UNK MD80 15 MD82 16 0.0%

(a) Source: Official Airline Guide

(b) ATADS/2008 TAF database distributed by LTO proportion based on OAG LTO

(c) Represents aircraft type modeled in EDMS for estimation of emissions.

Deviations from OAG aircraft type represent actual aircraft type flown.
HAS608 A-9 

Table A-9 

2005 ANNUAL PASSENGER AIRCRAFT MIX BY AIRLINE AND AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Airline

OAG

Aircraft

Type

OAG

LTO

(a)

Aircraft Type

Used (c)

Tower

Distributed

LTO (b) LTO %

AAL MD80 821 MD82 1,134 1.4%

AAL MD83 418 MD83 578 0.7%

LOF E145 20 E145 28 0.0%

CHQ E140 105 E140 145 0.2%

EGF E145 3,191 E145 4,409 5.6%

EGF E140 257 E140 355 0.4%

COA B735 91 B735 126 0.2%

BTA E145 74 E145 102 0.1%

DAL B752 1 B752 3 0.0%

DAL MD80 212 MD80 293 0.4%

DAL B738 620 B738 859 1.1%

DAL B732 293 B732 404 0.5%

ASQ CRJ2 949 CRJ2 1,311 1.7%

ASQ CRJ7 298 CRJ7 412 0.5%

TRS B712 1,987 B712 2,745 3.5%

SCX B738 12 B738 17 0.0%

SWA B732 142 B732 198 0.2%

SWA B733 23,998 B733 33,156 42.0%

SWA B735 11,897 B735 16,438 20.8%

SWA B737 11,530 B737 15,931 20.2%

YXX B712 265 B712 366 0.5%

(a) Source: Official Airline Guide

(b) Daily activity from ATADS database distributed by LTO proportion based

on OAG LTO

(c) Represents aircraft type modeled in EDMS for estimation of emissions.

Deviations from OAG aircraft type represent actual aircraft type flown.

The fleet mix for general aviation and cargo operations were derived from the 2008 

noise monitoring data (May – August 2008). It was assumed that the fleet/engine type 

mix for cargo operations did not change significantly from 2005 to 2008. Table A-10, 

A-11 and A-12 show the general aviation operation proportions derived by aircraft type 

from the noise monitoring data at IAH, HOU and EFD respectively. 
HAS608 A-10 

Table A-10 

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

AC68 0.1% 

AC90 0.9% 

AH1 1.4% 

B100 0.2% 

B190 0.1% 

BE20 4.1% 

BE30 2.1% 

BE36 0.2% 

BE40 2.5% 

BE55 0.1% 

BE58 0.3% 

BE90 1.6% 

BE99 0.3% 

C172 0.3% 

C182 0.1% 

C206 0.1% 

C208 2.7% 

C402 0.1% 

C414 0.4% 

C421 0.2% 

C425 0.1% 

C441 0.1% 

C500 0.4% 

C501 3.1% 

C525 0.8% 

C550 2.3% 

C560 9.7% 

C56X 1.9% 

C650 1.2% 

C680 3.2% 

C750 3.9% 

F27 0.1% 

F900 1.1% 

FA10 0.6% 

FA20 0.9% 

FA2TH 5.1% 

FA50 3.5% 

G100 0.2% 

G150 0.4% 

G200 0.5% 
HAS608 A-11 

Table A-10 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

GLEX 2.5% 

GLF2 0.1% 

GLF3 0.6% 

GLF4 11.3% 

GLF5 4.8% 

H25 9.4% 

LJ25 0.1% 

LJ31 0.6% 

LJ35 4.1% 

LJ40 0.3% 

LJ45 3.0% 

LJ55 0.5% 

LJ60 2.4% 

M20K 0.1% 

MU2 0.3% 

MU3 0.1% 

P180 0.2% 

PA31 0.1% 

PA42 0.1% 

PA46 0.1% 

PC12 0.9% 

PRM1 0.4% 

SBR1 0.2% 

WW24 1.3% 

Source: May 2008-August 2008 Noise 

Monitoring Data. 
HAS608 A-12 

Table A-11 

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

A319 0.01% 

AC90 0.28% 

ASTR 0.40% 

B190 0.01% 

B350 3.10% 

B733 6.21% 

B735 2.03% 

B737 5.37% 

B738 0.03% 

B739 0.02% 

B742 0.02% 

B752 0.02% 

B753 0.01% 

BE10 0.36% 

BE20 4.35% 

BE30 0.67% 

BE35 0.09% 

BE36 0.34% 

BE40 2.66% 

BE58 0.82% 

BE9L 2.71% 

C182 0.18% 

C206 0.07% 

C208 0.06% 

C25A 0.51% 

C25B 0.60% 

C421 0.32% 

C425 0.03% 

C500 0.29% 

C501 0.62% 

C525 1.60% 

C550 3.63% 

C560 4.84% 

C56X 3.24% 

C650 1.46% 

C680 1.13% 

C750 3.00% 

CARJ 0.03% 

CL30 1.22% 

CL60 2.41% 

DC9 0.02% 
HAS608 A-13 

Table A-11 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

E135 0.59% 

E145 0.62% 

EA50 0.33% 

F2TH 2.05% 

F900 0.53% 

FA10 0.26% 

FA20 0.23% 

FA50 1.11% 

G150 0.68% 

GALX 0.64% 

GLEX 0.06% 

GLF2 1.99% 

GLF3 1.00% 

GLF4 2.24% 

GLF5 1.19% 

GLOB 0.02% 

H25B 6.72% 

H25C 0.31% 

LJ25 0.31% 

LJ31 1.53% 

LJ35 1.45% 

LJ40 0.59% 

LJ45 5.32% 

LJ55 0.98% 

LJ60 1.21% 

M20P 0.07% 

MD11 0.01% 

MD80 0.08% 

MU2 0.43% 

P180 0.86% 

PA46 0.11% 

PC12 2.02% 

SBR1 0.21% 

WW24 2.13% 

BE9T 0.41% 

C414 0.29% 

MU30 0.28% 

BE55 0.14% 

B732 0.02% 

H25A 0.18% 

B712 0.57% 
HAS608 A-14 

Table A-11 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

PRM1 0.65% 

C510 0.22% 

B72Q 0.02% 

C441 0.36% 

C172 0.13% 

P46T 0.23% 

PAY3 0.12% 

PAY2 0.08% 

D328 0.74% 

M20T 0.03% 

C210 0.14% 

AA5 0.03% 

L39 0.06% 

C340 0.06% 

SR22 0.09% 

J328 0.32% 

TBM7 0.11% 

G159 0.03% 

BE90 0.12% 

LR35 0.01% 

C310 0.06% 

PA32 0.04% 

BE60 0.16% 

C551 0.06% 

AC95 0.04% 

TBM8 0.03% 

PAY1 0.11% 

AEST 0.01% 

SW3 0.22% 

PA28 0.02% 

PA34 0.07% 

CL64 0.01% 

AGB5 0.01% 

BE9 0.02% 

TRIN 0.01% 

LR34 0.01% 

DA10 0.02% 

LR45 0.01% 

PAY4 0.02% 

MU20 0.01% 

BE33 0.10% 
HAS608 A-15 

Table A-11 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

GLF 0.01% 

GLAS 0.02% 

BL17 0.02% 

PA31 0.05% 

P51 0.02% 

P28 0.01% 

G2 0.03% 

LJ24 0.05% 

P210 0.01% 

L29B 0.08% 

C207 0.01% 

P32R 0.01% 

COL4 0.03% 

SW4 0.02% 

L29A 0.04% 

MO20 0.02% 

BE76 0.01% 

AG5B 0.01% 

G4 0.01% 

PRM2 0.01% 

BD9L 0.01% 

P28R 0.02% 

C320 0.01% 

G200 0.01% 

P46 0.02% 

DH8A 0.02% 

BA46 0.01% 

B461 0.01% 

C185 0.01% 

DA50 0.01% 

SR20 0.01% 

AA5B 0.01% 

BCAT 0.01% 

H25 0.02% 

JS31 0.02% 

AC11 0.01% 

B300 0.01% 

PA24 0.01% 

SJ30 0.01% 

B222 0.01% 

M20S 0.01% 
HAS608 A-16 

Table A-11 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

BE80 0.01% 

AA5A 0.01% 

PAYE 0.01% 

G36 0.01% 

GL5T 0.02% 

COL3 0.01% 

FT2H 0.01% 

LUSK 0.01% 

AS35 0.01% 

PA30 0.01% 

LJ65 0.01% 

P28A 0.01% 

M20 0.01% 

T206 0.01% 

T46 0.01% 

LR25 0.01% 

M2OP 0.01% 

WW2 0.01% 

C82R 0.01% 

HS25 0.02% 

P32 0.01% 

HUSK 0.01% 

LR55 0.01% 

HA4T 0.01% 

L35 0.01% 

AC14 0.01% 

PA23 0.01% 

H125 0.01% 

Source: May 2008-August 2008 

Noise Monitoring Data.
HAS608 A-17 

Table A-12 

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

A320 0.08% 

AC90 0.16% 

ASTR 0.08% 

B350 6.01% 

B733 0.62% 

B735 0.16% 

B737 0.16% 

B738 0.23% 

B752 0.16% 

B762 0.08% 

B772 0.16% 

BE20 7.49% 

BE30 2.50% 

BE35 0.39% 

BE36 1.48% 

BE40 1.87% 

BE58 1.64% 

BE9L 1.48% 

C182 1.80% 

C206 0.23% 

C208 2.03% 

C25A 0.39% 

C25B 1.72% 

C421 1.56% 

C425 0.08% 

C500 0.55% 

C501 0.23% 

C525 1.17% 

C550 1.48% 

C560 1.48% 

C56X 1.01% 

C650 1.56% 

C680 0.16% 

C750 1.25% 

CARJ 0.16% 

CL30 0.16% 

CL60 0.78% 

DC9 1.17% 

E135 0.70% 

E145 1.01% 

EA50 3.59% 

F2TH 0.31% 

F900 0.31% 

FA10 1.80% 
HAS608 A-18 

Table A-12 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

FA50 0.70% 

GLF2 0.08% 

GLF4 1.56% 

GLF5 0.39% 

H25B 2.81% 

LJ25 0.31% 

LJ31 0.39% 

LJ35 0.94% 

LJ40 0.47% 

LJ45 0.16% 

LJ55 0.39% 

LJ60 0.31% 

M20P 0.94% 

MU2 0.47% 

P180 0.39% 

PA46 0.62% 

PC12 0.70% 

SBR1 10.38% 

WW24 0.31% 

BE9T 0.16% 

C414 0.23% 

BE55 0.94% 

B712 0.08% 

PRM1 0.23% 

C441 0.47% 

C172 0.62% 

P46T 0.70% 

PAY3 0.39% 

PA44 0.16% 

PAY2 0.94% 

M20T 0.08% 

C210 1.33% 

AA5 0.23% 

L39 0.16% 

C340 1.95% 

SR22 0.70% 

TBM7 0.39% 

G159 0.23% 

BE90 0.23% 

C310 0.31% 

PA32 0.78% 

BE60 0.78% 

AC95 0.08% 
HAS608 A-19 

Table A-12 (continued)

2005 GENERAL AVIATION MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

TBM8 0.16% 

PAY1 0.08% 

AEST 0.16% 

SW3 5.00% 

PA34 1.95% 

DA10 0.08% 

BE33 0.08% 

PA31 0.55% 

LJ24 0.47% 

L29B 1.09% 

P32R 0.47% 

COL4 0.70% 

L29A 0.16% 

MO20 0.31% 

BE76 0.08% 

SR20 0.16% 

AA5B 0.16% 

PA24 0.16% 

COL3 0.08% 

PA30 0.08% 

P28A 0.16% 

P32T 0.08% 

PA27 0.08% 

T34P 0.08% 

C10T 0.08% 

MT23 0.08% 

P28B 0.08% 

LNC2 0.08% 

EXP 0.16% 

T46T 0.08% 

MO2 0.08% 

C0L3 0.08% 

Z566 0.08% 

C177 0.08% 

DA40 0.39% 

AC6L 0.08% 

DC3 0.08% 

I2 0.08% 

BE95 0.16% 

HXC 0.08% 

Source: May 2008-August 2008 

Noise Monitoring Data. 
HAS608 A-20 

Table A-13 and A-14 show the cargo operation proportions derived by aircraft type 

from the noise monitoring data at IAH and EFD respectively. 

Table A-13 

2005 CARGO MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Operator Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

ABX B762 9.6% 

AJT B727 0.1% 

ATN B762 0.2% 

ATN DC87 7.3% 

CKS B741 0.1% 

CKS B742 0.2% 

CLX B744 5.0% 

DHL A330 0.0% 

DHL A343 14.1% 

DHL B727 7.9% 

EIA B742 0.2% 

FDX A306 1.2% 

FDX A310 8.6% 

FDX B727 0.5% 

FDX DC10 12.9% 

FDX MD11 0.1% 

GTI B742 0.4% 

JUS FA20 0.2% 

KFS B727 0.8% 

KFS LJ25 0.2% 

NAO B763 0.3% 

TDX B742 0.1% 

TWN AN12 0.4% 

UPS A306 10.4% 

UPS B752 15.6% 

UPS B763 2.0% 

UPS DC87 0.8% 

VDA AN124 0.8% 

Source: May 2008-August 2008 Noise Monitoring 

Data. 
HAS608 A-21 

Table A-14 

2005 CARGO MIX BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Operator Aircraft Type Percent LTO 

NAO B763 25.00% 

AJT B722 62.50% 

AJT B727 12.50% 

Source: May 2008-August 2008 Noise 

Monitoring Data. 

A.2.3 Aircraft Engine Type 

For commercial passenger airlines and cargo operators, the combinations of 

airline/aircraft type/engine types operating at HAS were derived using the 2007/2008 

edition of JP Airline-Fleets International (JP Fleets). JP Fleets contains engine type 

information for each airline, air taxi,* large non-commercial government, and corporate 

operator. If an aircraft category/airline/aircraft type was found to have more than one 

engine type match in JP Fleets, then a proportional distribution of engine types was 

used. 

For general aviation and military aircraft, the default engine type in EDMS was used. If 

EDMS did not have a default engine type, then the most common engine type for that 

particular aircraft type was used. 

Table A-15, A-16 and A-17 show the number of LTOs by aircraft type-engine type 

combination for IAH, HOU and EFD. 

 

*For-hire passenger or cargo aircraft which operates on an on-demand basis. 
HAS608 A-22 

Table A-15 

ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Category Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

CRG ABX B767-2 1GE010 236 133 641 361 825 464 964 54CRG AJT B727-2 1PW013 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 CRG ATN B767-2 1GE010 4 2 11 6 14 8 16 CRG ATN DC8-7 1CM003 181 102 156 88 102 57 41 2CRG CKS B747-1 1PW021 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 CRG CKS B747-2 1PW025 4 2 95 53 72 41 66 3CRG CLX B747-4 1GE024 41 23 66 37 59 33 70 3CRG CLX B747-4 4RR037 82 46 133 75 117 66 141 7CRG DHL A330-3 3RR030 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 CRG DHL A340-3 1CM010 115 65 1 1 0 0 30 1CRG DHL A340-3 2CM015 233 131 3 2 0 0 61 3CRG DHL B727-2 1PW010 68 38 77 43 45 25 27 1CRG DHL B727-2 1PW011 7 4 8 5 5 3 3 CRG DHL B727-2 1PW014 68 38 77 43 45 25 27 1CRG DHL B727-2 1PW016 26 15 30 17 18 10 11 CRG DHL B727-2 1PW005 20 11 22 12 13 7 8 CRG DHL B727-2 1PW007 7 4 8 5 5 3 3 CRG EIA B747-2 1GE009 1 1 24 14 18 10 17 1CRG EIA B747-2 1PW024 3 2 71 40 54 30 50 2CRG FDX A300B4-6 2GE039 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 CRG FDX A300B4-6 3GE056 18 10 6 3 6 3 6 CRG FDX A300B4-6 1PW048 10 6 3 2 3 2 4 CRG FDX A310-2 1GE013 107 60 122 69 129 73 131 7CRG FDX A310-2 1PW028 53 30 61 34 64 36 65 3CRG FDX A310-2 1PW044 53 30 61 34 64 36 65 3CRG FDX B727-2 1PW010 6 3 7 4 4 2 2 CRG FDX B727-2 1PW013 4 2 4 2 3 2 2 OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; 
HAS608 A-23 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Category Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

CRG FDX B727-2 4PW070 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 CRG FDX DC10-1 3GE078 79 44 65 37 61 34 55 3CRG FDX DC10-1 1GE001 238 134 196 110 183 103 166 9CRG FDX MD11 1GE031 1 1 272 153 276 155 284 16CRG FDX MD11 1PW052 1 1 272 153 276 155 284 16CRG GTI B747-2 1GE009 10 6 237 133 181 102 165 9CRG JUS FAL20-C CF700D 6 3 5 3 5 3 4 CRG KFS B727-2 1PW009 5 3 6 3 3 2 2 CRG KFS B727-2 1PW007 15 8 17 10 10 6 6 CRG KFS LEAR25 CJ6106 4 2 14 8 13 7 11 CRG NAO B767-3 2GE055 8 5 21 12 30 17 41 2CRG TDX B747-2 1PW024 2 1 47 26 36 20 33 1CRG TWN AN12 T56-1 10 6 3 2 0 0 0 CRG UPS A300B4-6 1PW048 256 144 90 51 91 51 92 5CRG UPS B757-2 4PW073 192 108 106 60 127 72 122 6CRG UPS B757-2 3RR028 192 108 106 60 127 72 122 6CRG UPS B767-3 2GE055 50 28 136 77 194 109 259 14CRG UPS DC8-7 1CM003 20 11 17 10 11 6 4 CRG VDA AN124 1ZM001 20 11 28 16 28 16 29 1GAV UNK GXPRESS 4BR005 214 133 33 21 34 21 36 2GAV UNK LEAR25 CJ6106 6 4 21 13 19 12 17 1GAV UNK LEAR31 1AS001 49 31 102 64 92 57 78 4GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 348 217 229 143 214 133 178 11GAV UNK LEAR40 1AS001 24 15 41 26 43 27 46 2GAV UNK LEAR45 1AS001 257 160 416 259 440 274 472 29GAV UNK LEAR55 1AS002 43 27 57 36 52 32 43 2GAV UNK LEAR60 TFE731 202 126 211 131 222 138 238 14OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviati
HAS608 A-24 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

201

OSW 

GAV UNK BEECH1900-C PT67D 24 15 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH200 PT6A41 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 226 141 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH400 1PW037 6 4 566 353 600 374 645 4GAV UNK BEECH55 TIO540 30 19 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH58 TIO540 19 12 416 259 380 237 283 1GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 12 7 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH99 PT6A20 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 36 22 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA182 IO360 262 163 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA206 IO360 68 42 543 338 499 311 397 2GAV UNK CNA208 P6114A 195 121 76 47 79 49 87 GAV UNK CNA402 TIO540 159 99 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA414 TIO540 818 510 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA421 TIO540 104 65 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA425 PT6A60 268 167 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA441 TPE8 330 206 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK CNA500 1PW035 49 31 25 16 22 14 19 GAV UNK CNA501 1PW035 73 45 53 33 54 34 58 GAV UNK CNA525 1PW035 433 270 347 216 360 224 384 2GAV UNK CNA550 1PW036 293 183 240 150 247 154 262 1GAV UNK CNA551 1PW036 91 57 2 1 2 1 2 GAV UNK CNA560 1PW037 6 4 540 336 570 355 612 3GAV UNK CNA560-XL 1PW037 19 12 613 382 642 400 688 4GAV UNK CNA650 1AS002 30 19 232 145 242 151 258 1GAV UNK CNA680 7PW080 43 27 302 188 389 242 653 4OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation 
HAS608 A-25 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2

O

GAV UNK GULF3 MK511 49 31 55 34 51 32 43 GAV UNK GULF4 1RR019 952 593 604 376 626 390 668 GAV UNK GULF5 4BR008 409 255 135 84 140 87 149 GAV UNK GULF2 MK511 12 7 2 1 2 1 2 GAV UNK HS125-1 1AS002 79 49 22 14 20 12 17 GAV UNK HS125-7 1AS002 714 445 3 2 3 2 3 GAV UNK IAI1124 1AS002 110 69 103 64 95 59 79 GAV UNK MU2 TPE10N 24 15 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK MU300 1PW037 12 7 11 7 10 6 8 GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK P180 PT6A60 19 12 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK PC12 PT67B 73 45 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK PA42 TPE10N 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK PA46T PT6A42 12 7 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH1900-C PT67D 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH55 TIO540 12 7 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH99 PT6A20 24 15 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH58 TIO540 24 15 371 231 342 213 254 GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 19 12 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH400 1PW037 214 133 504 314 538 335 580 GAV UNK BEECH100 PT6A28 19 12 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 134 83 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK PREMIER 1PW035 30 19 79 49 100 62 158 GAV UNK BEECH200 PT6A41 348 217 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 177 110 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK COMMANDER680 TIO540 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation 
HAS608 A-26 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2

O

GAV UNK CMMNDR690 TPE10 73 45 0 0 0 0 0 GAV UNK SABR40 CF700D 19 12 27 17 28 17 30 GAV UNK LEAR24 CJ6106 0 0 3 2 2 1 2 GAV UNK CNA551 1PW036 0 0 2 1 2 1 2 GAV UNK HS125-3 1AS002 0 0 12 7 13 8 14 GAV UNK IAI1125 1AS002 0 0 29 18 30 19 32 GAV UNK IAI1126 7PW077 0 0 149 93 137 85 114 GAV UNK JETSTAR-I CF700D 0 0 8 5 7 4 6 GAV UNK WB57 TF3333 0 0 5 3 4 2 4 GAV UNK PA31 TIO540 0 0 1083 675 1027 640 850 GAV UNK HS125-1000 TFE731 0 0 1003 625 1059 660 1135 MIL UNK MIL-AH1S T5311D 117 83 14 10 14 10 13 MIL UNK MIL-C17A F1171 0 0 2 1 2 1 2 MIL UNK MIL-T38 J855HA 0 0 179 127 178 126 179 PXC ASH CRJ9 6GE092 399 225 4797 2701 4662 2625 5118 2PXC ASQ CRJ2 5GE084 1138 641 5840 3288 1027 578 722 PXC ASQ CRJ7 5GE084 457 257 93 52 112 63 99 PXC BTA ERJ140 6AL017 11736 6607 0 0 0 0 0 PXC BTA ERJ145 4AL003 59545 33524 54205 30517 60950 34315 61601 34PXC BTA ERJ145 6AL020 44234 24904 40267 22670 45278 25492 45761 25PXC CJC SAAB340-B CT7-5 9017 5077 8173 4601 0 0 0 PXC CMP ERJ190 6GE094 2 1 554 312 1076 606 3244 1PXC COA ERJ140 6AL017 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 PXC COA ERJ145 4AL003 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 PXC COA ERJ145 6AL020 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 PXC COM CRJ2 5GE084 277 156 1422 801 250 141 176 PXC COM CRJ7 5GE083 578 325 118 66 141 79 125 OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation 
HAS608 A-27 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

201

OS

PXC EGF CRJ7 5GE083 52 29 11 6 13 7 11 PXC EGF ERJ140 6AL012 161 91 0 0 0 0 0 PXC EGF ERJ145 4AL003 273 154 249 140 280 158 283 1PXC FLG CRJ2 5GE084 388 218 1992 1121 350 197 246 1PXC JZA CRJ2 1GE035 494 278 2536 1428 446 251 314 1PXC JZA CRJ7 6GE092 1032 581 211 119 252 142 223 1PXC MES CRJ2 5GE084 17 10 89 50 16 9 11 PXC RPA ERJ170 6GE094 193 109 1217 685 1076 606 1297 7PXC SKW CRJ2 5GE084 66 37 340 191 60 34 42 PXC SKW CRJ7 5GE084 1016 572 207 117 248 140 219 1PXC SKW CRJ7 5GE083 1016 572 207 117 248 140 219 1PXC SKW EMB120 PW118A 2151 1211 0 0 0 0 0 PXC SKW EMB120 PW118B 2151 1211 0 0 0 0 0 PXC UNK CL300 6AL006 82 46 334 188 350 197 374 2PXC UNK CL600 5GE084 16 9 151 85 159 90 170 PXC UNK ATR42-5 PW127E 0 0 8785 4946 18110 10196 18676 105PXC UNK CRJ705-LR 6GE092 0 0 1666 938 1793 1009 937 5PXC UNK DHC8Q-4 PW150A 0 0 14961 8423 30840 17363 37394 210PXC UNK CV580 501D22 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 PXC UNK DO328JET 7PW078 0 0 11 6 11 6 12 PXC UNK ERJ135 6AL012 0 0 6055 3409 109 61 117 PXC UNK ERJ175 6GE094 0 0 1521 856 1434 807 1658 9PXC UNK ERJ145 4AL003 0 0 7 4 13 7 4 PXC USA CRJ2 5GE084 4 2 21 12 4 2 3 PXC USA CRJ7 5GE083 1296 730 265 149 316 178 280 1PXC USA CRJ7 6GE092 1902 1071 388 218 464 261 411 2PXN AAL B737-8 3CM034 1854 1044 2544 1432 3161 1780 3549 19OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation 
HAS608 A-28 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

201

OSW 

PXN AAL MD82 4PW070 2871 1616 1656 932 1690 951 679 3PXN AAL MD83 4PW070 1002 564 207 117 0 0 0 PXN ACA A319-1 4CM036 285 160 165 93 180 101 262 1PXN AJM A320-1 2CM014 39 22 31 17 33 19 125 PXN AMX B737-7 3CM031 223 126 300 169 294 166 343 1PXN AMX MD87 1PW019 487 274 5 3 0 0 0 PXN AWE A319-1 3IA007 26 15 15 8 16 9 23 PXN AWE A320-1 1IA001 263 148 209 118 224 126 836 4PXN AWE A320-1 1IA003 640 360 508 286 546 307 2035 11PXN AWE B737-3 1CM004 381 215 139 78 4 2 6 PXN AWE B737-3 1CM005 305 172 112 63 3 2 5 PXN AWE B757-2 3RR028 420 236 232 131 276 155 267 1PXN CAY B737-2 1PW011 36 20 0 0 0 0 0 PXN CAY B737-2 1PW013 36 20 0 0 0 0 0 PXN CAY B737-2 1PW014 36 20 0 0 0 0 0 PXN COA B737-3 1CM004 21979 12374 8037 4525 214 120 351 1PXN COA B737-5 1CM007 19863 11183 8222 4629 0 0 0 PXN COA B737-7 3CM032 9257 5212 12476 7024 12226 6883 14272 80PXN COA B737-8 3CM033 29162 16418 40006 22523 49707 27985 55808 314PXN COA B737-9 3CM033 6276 3533 7516 4232 5738 3230 6112 34PXN COA B757-2 3RR034 7615 4287 4201 2365 5013 2822 4837 27PXN COA B757-3 3RR034 3227 1817 5258 2960 5462 3075 6095 34PXN COA B737-9 3CM034 0 0 15396 8668 31737 17868 30576 172PXN CPA MD82 4PW070 36 20 21 12 21 12 9 PXN DAL B737-2 1PW010 489 275 0 0 0 0 0 PXN DAL B737-2 1PW011 244 137 0 0 0 0 0 PXN DAL B737-3 CF563B 847 477 310 175 8 5 14 OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation 
HAS608 A-29 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

PXN DAL MD82 4PW070 1341 755 774 436 790 445 317 1PXN DAL MD90 1IA002 83 47 39 22 0 0 0 PXN FFT A318-1 7CM048 246 138 689 388 1076 606 649 3PXN FFT A319-1 3CM027 601 338 350 197 380 214 554 3PXN FFT A319-1 3CM028 200 113 116 65 126 71 184 1PXN KLM B737-4 1CM007 48 27 536 302 717 404 296 1PXN NWA A319-1 4CM036 2629 1480 1528 860 1661 935 2420 13PXN NWA A320-1 1CM008 171 96 136 77 146 82 543 3PXN NWA DC9-3 1PW010 120 68 6 3 0 0 0 PXN NWA DC9-3 1PW005 287 162 14 8 1 1 0 PXN NWA DC9-3 1PW007 430 242 21 12 1 1 1 PXN NWA DC9-5 1PW013 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 PXN SCX B737-8 3CM034 15 8 20 11 25 14 28 PXN SWA B737-3 1CM004 187 105 69 39 2 1 3 PXN SWA B737-5 1CM004 288 162 119 67 0 0 0 PXN SWA B737-7 3CM031 703 396 947 533 928 522 1083 6PXN TAI A319-1 3IA007 18 10 10 6 11 6 16 PXN TAI A320-1 1IA003 391 220 310 175 333 187 1242 6PXN UAL A319-1 3IA006 783 441 455 256 495 279 721 4PXN UAL A320-1 1IA003 182 102 144 81 155 87 577 3PXN UAL B737-3 1CM007 1057 595 386 217 10 6 17 PXN UAL B737-5 1CM007 740 417 306 172 0 0 0 PXN UAL B757-2 4PW072 5 3 3 2 3 2 3 PXN UNK MD82 4PW070 16 9 9 5 9 5 4 PXN UNK BAC111-2 MK511 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 PXN UNK B727-1 1PW004 0 0 39 22 25 14 13 PXN UNK MD88 1PW019 0 0 904 509 717 404 288 1OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation. 
HAS608 A-30 

Table A-15 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

20

OS

PXN USA B737-3 1CM004 861 485 315 177 8 5 14 8 

PXN USA B737-4 1CM005 1 1 11 6 15 8 6 3 PXW AFR B777-3 7GE099 61 34 81 46 129 73 218 123 PXW AFR B777-3 5GE086 19 11 25 14 39 22 67 38 PXW AFR B777-3 6GE089 94 53 126 71 199 112 337 190 PXW AFR B777-3 6GE090 57 32 76 43 120 68 204 115 PXW AFR B777-3 5RR040 126 71 168 95 266 150 450 253 PXW BAW B777-2 5GE086 38 21 43 24 51 29 54 30 PXW BAW B777-2 6GE089 190 107 212 119 253 142 271 153 PXW BAW B777-2 6GE090 114 64 126 71 151 85 162 91 PXW BAW B777-2 5RR040 254 143 282 159 338 190 361 203 PXW CAL A340-3 2CM015 230 129 3 2 0 0 60 34 PXW CAL B747-4 1GE024 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 PXW COA B767-2 2GE047 587 330 1590 895 2048 1153 2392 134PXW COA B767-4ER 3GE058 2063 1161 1485 836 1434 807 987 556 PXW COA B777-2 3GE061 1585 892 1761 991 2108 1187 2254 126PXW COA B777-3 6GE091 0 0 678 382 1399 788 2811 158PXW KLM B747-4 1GE024 483 272 778 438 687 387 826 465 PXW PIA B777-2 7GE097 17 10 19 11 22 12 24 14 PXW PIA B777-2 6GE091 34 19 38 21 46 26 49 28 PXW UNK A300C4-6 2GE039 0 0 734 413 768 432 809 455 PXW UNK A330-2 7PW082 0 0 108 61 0 0 86 48 PXW UNK A340-6 6RR041 0 0 95 53 108 61 43 24 PXW UNK B747-4 2GE045 0 0 122 69 251 141 317 178 PXW UNK B777-2LR 7GE097 0 0 519 292 717 404 591 333 PXW UNK B777-3 6GE091 0 0 226 127 466 262 598 337 PXW UNK DC10-3 3GE078 0 0 35 20 34 19 29 16 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; PXN – Passenger-Narrow; PXW – Passenger-Wide; PXC – Passenger-Commuter; GAV – General Aviation 
HAS608 A-31 

Table A-16 

ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

20

OS

GAV UNK A319-1 3IA006 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 14 9 14 9 14 9 15 9 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK A1B IO360 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK COMMANDER690 TPE10 115 70 112 68 114 69 121 7GAV UNK COMMANDER690 TPE10 16 10 16 10 16 10 17 1GAV UNK A1B IO360 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK HS125-1 1AS002 163 99 159 97 162 98 172 10GAV UNK BEECH1900-C PT67D 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK BELL206 250B17 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 1,279 777 1,246 757 1,272 773 1,347 81GAV UNK BAE146-100 1TL002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK B717-2 4BR002 237 144 231 140 236 143 250 15GAV UNK B737-2 1PW010 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 GAV UNK B737-3 1CM007 2,567 1,559 2,502 1,520 2,552 1,550 2,704 1,6GAV UNK B737-5 1CM007 840 510 819 497 835 507 885 53GAV UNK B737-7 3CM031 2,221 1,349 2,164 1,314 2,208 1,341 2,339 1,4GAV UNK B737-8 3CM034 12 7 12 7 12 7 13 8 GAV UNK B737-9 3CM033 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK B747-2 1PW025 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 GAV UNK B757-2 4PW072 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK B757-3 3RR034 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK BAE146-100 1TL002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK BEECH100 PT6A28 150 91 146 89 149 90 158 9GAV UNK BEECH200 PT6A41 1,799 1,093 1,753 1,065 1,788 1,086 1,895 1,1

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-32 

Table A-16 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 278 169 271 165 276 168 293 178 GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 42 26 41 25 42 26 44 27 GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 40 24 39 24 40 24 42 26 GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 141 86 137 83 140 85 149 90 GAV UNK BEECH400 1PW037 1,098 667 1,070 650 1,092 663 1,157 703 GAV UNK BEECH55 TIO540 59 36 57 35 59 36 62 38 GAV UNK BEECH58 TIO540 341 207 332 202 339 206 359 218 GAV UNK BEECH60 TIO540 64 39 62 38 64 39 67 41 GAV UNK BEECH60 TIO540 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 49 30 48 29 49 30 52 32 GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 1,119 680 1,091 663 1,112 675 1,179 716 GAV UNK BEECH99 PT6A20 167 101 163 99 166 101 176 107 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 53 32 52 32 53 32 56 34 GAV UNK CNA182 IO360 76 46 74 45 76 46 80 49 GAV UNK CNA206 IO360 30 18 29 18 30 18 32 19 GAV UNK CNA208 P6114A 26 16 25 15 26 16 27 16 GAV UNK CNA210 TIO540 57 35 56 34 57 35 60 36 GAV UNK CNA525 1PW035 212 129 207 126 211 128 223 135 GAV UNK CNA525 1PW035 247 150 241 146 246 149 260 158 GAV UNK CNA310 TIO540 23 14 22 13 23 14 24 15 GAV UNK CNA310 TIO540 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK CNA340 TIO540 26 16 25 15 26 16 27 16 GAV UNK CNA414 TIO540 120 73 117 71 119 72 126 77 GAV UNK CNA421 TIO540 131 80 128 78 130 79 138 84 GAV UNK CNA425 PT6A60 14 9 14 9 14 9 15 9 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-33 

Table A-16 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK CNA441 TPE8 148 90 144 87 147 89 156 95 

GAV UNK CNA500 1PW035 120 73 117 71 119 72 126 77 

GAV UNK CNA501 1PW035 256 155 249 151 255 155 270 164 GAV UNK CNA501 1PW035 92 56 90 55 91 55 97 59 GAV UNK CNA501 1PW035 663 403 646 392 659 400 698 424 GAV UNK CNA550 1PW036 1,498 910 1,460 887 1,489 904 1,578 958 

GAV UNK CNA551 1PW036 23 14 22 13 23 14 24 15 GAV UNK CNA560 1PW037 2,002 1,216 1,951 1,185 1,990 1,209 2,109 1,281 

GAV UNK CNA560-XL 1PW037 1,340 814 1,306 793 1,332 809 1,411 857 

GAV UNK CNA650 1AS002 602 366 587 357 598 363 634 385 GAV UNK CNA680 7PW080 467 284 455 276 464 282 492 299 

GAV UNK CNA750 6AL022 1,241 754 1,209 734 1,234 750 1,307 794 

GAV UNK CNA182 IO360 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 

GAV UNK CL300 6AL006 503 306 490 298 500 304 530 322 

GAV UNK CL600 5GE084 994 604 969 589 988 600 1,047 636 

GAV UNK CL600 5GE084 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 

GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 14 9 14 9 14 9 15 9 

GAV UNK DO328-1 PW119B 303 184 295 179 301 183 319 194 

GAV UNK FAL10 1AS001 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 

GAV UNK FAL50 1AS002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK DC9-1 1PW004 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 

GAV UNK DHC8-1 PW120A 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 

GAV UNK ERJ140 6AL017 244 148 238 145 243 148 257 156 

GAV UNK ERJ145 6AL020 256 155 249 151 255 155 270 164 

GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 138 84 134 81 137 83 145 88 

GAV UNK FAL2000EX 7PW080 847 514 825 501 842 511 892 542 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-34 

Table A-16 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

201

OS

GAV UNK FAL900 1AS002 221 134 215 131 220 134 233 14

GAV UNK FAL10 1AS001 106 64 103 63 105 64 112 68 

GAV UNK FAL20-C 1AS002 97 59 95 58 96 58 102 62 

GAV UNK FAL50 1AS002 460 279 448 272 457 278 485 29

GAV UNK FAL2000EX 7PW080 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK GULF150 1AS002 283 172 276 168 281 171 298 18

GAV UNK GULF150 1AS002 12 7 12 7 12 7 13 8 GAV UNK GULF2 MK511 14 9 14 9 14 9 15 9 GAV UNK GULF200 7PW077 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK GULF4 1RR019 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK GULF200 7PW077 265 161 258 157 263 160 279 16

GAV UNK GLOBALEXPRESS 4BR005 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 

GAV UNK GLOBALEXPRESS 4BR005 23 14 22 13 23 14 24 15 

GAV UNK GULF100 1AS002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK GULF2 MK511 823 500 802 487 818 497 867 52

GAV UNK GULF3 MK511 412 250 402 244 410 249 434 26

GAV UNK GULF4 1RR019 927 563 903 548 922 560 976 59

GAV UNK GULF5 4BR008 492 299 479 291 489 297 518 31

GAV UNK GLOBALEXPRESS 4BR005 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 GAV UNK HS125-1 1AS002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK GULF100 1AS002 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 GAV UNK HS125-1000 1AS002 76 46 74 45 76 46 80 49 

GAV UNK HS125-7 1AS002 2,774 1,685 2,703 1,642 2,758 1,675 2,922 1,7

GAV UNK GULF100 1AS002 127 77 124 75 126 77 134 81 

GAV UNK H4000 7PW079 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK GULF100 1AS002 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-35 

Table A-16 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK DO328-1 PW119B 131 80 128 78 130 79 138 84 GAV UNK J31 TPE10 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 

GAV UNK JETSTAR-II/731 1AS002 19 12 19 12 19 12 20 12 

GAV UNK J31 TPE10 35 21 34 21 35 21 37 22 

GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 26 16 25 15 26 16 27 16 

GAV UNK LEAR24 CJ6106 21 13 20 12 21 13 22 13 

GAV UNK LEAR25 CJ6106 129 78 126 77 128 78 136 83 GAV UNK LEAR31 1AS001 630 383 614 373 626 380 664 403 

GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 598 363 583 354 595 361 630 383 

GAV UNK LEAR40 1AS001 244 148 238 145 243 148 257 156 

GAV UNK LEAR45 1AS001 2,198 1,335 2,142 1,301 2,185 1,327 2,315 1,406 

GAV UNK LEAR55 1AS002 405 246 395 240 403 245 427 259 

GAV UNK LEAR60 TFE731 501 304 488 296 498 302 528 321 

GAV UNK LEAR60 TFE731 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK LEAR25 CJ6106 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK LEAR45 1AS001 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 

GAV UNK LEAR55 1AS002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 30 18 29 18 30 18 32 19 

GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 12 7 12 7 12 7 13 8 

GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 

GAV UNK MD11 1GE031 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 

GAV UNK MD82 4PW070 33 20 32 19 33 20 35 21 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-36 

Table A-16 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 GAV UNK MU2 TPE10N 177 108 172 104 176 107 186 113 GAV UNK MU2 TPE10N 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK MU300 1PW037 117 71 114 69 116 70 123 75 GAV UNK P180 PT6A60 355 216 346 210 353 214 374 227 GAV UNK CNA210 TIO540 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK PA28 IO360 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK PA28 IO360 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK PA28 IO360 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK PA32 TIO540 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK PA32 TIO540 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 GAV UNK PA46T PT6A42 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK PA46T PT6A42 97 59 95 58 96 58 102 62 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK PA23 TIO540 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK PA24 TIO540 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK PA28 IO360 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 GAV UNK PA30 IO320 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK PA31 TIO540 21 13 20 12 21 13 22 13 GAV UNK PA32 TIO540 16 10 16 10 16 10 17 10 GAV UNK PA34 IO360 30 18 29 18 30 18 32 19 GAV UNK PA46T PT6A42 44 27 43 26 44 27 46 28 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 44 27 43 26 44 27 46 28 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 35 21 34 21 35 21 37 22 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 51 31 50 30 51 31 54 33 GAV UNK PA42 TPE10N 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 GAV UNK PA42 TPE10N 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-37 

Table A-16 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK PC12 PT67B 835 507 814 494 830 504 880 534 

GAV UNK PREMIER 1PW035 270 164 263 160 268 163 284 172 GAV UNK PREMIER 1PW035 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK SABR40 CF700D 85 52 83 50 85 52 90 55 

GAV UNK SA226TC TPE10N 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 

GAV UNK SR20 IO360 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK SR22 TIO540 40 24 39 24 40 24 42 26 

GAV UNK SA227AT TPE10N 92 56 90 55 91 55 97 59 GAV UNK SA227AT TPE10N 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 

GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK TBM700 PT6A64 47 29 46 28 47 29 50 30 

GAV UNK TBM700 PT6A64 12 7 12 7 12 7 13 8 

GAV UNK TRIN TIO540 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK IAI1124 1AS002 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 GAV UNK IAI1124 1AS002 879 534 857 521 874 531 926 562 MIL UNK MIL‐AH1S T5311D 163 115 307 217 307 217 307 217 

PAX AAL MD82 4PW070 1,134 655 1,075 621 1,102 636 1,162 671 

PAX AAL MD83 4PW070 578 334 548 316 562 324 592 342 PAX AMT B737‐3 1CM007 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

PAX ASQ CRJ2 5GE084 1,311 757 1,243 718 1,274 735 1,343 775 

PAX ASQ CRJ7 5GE084 412 238 390 225 400 231 422 244 PAX UNK ERJ145 6AL020 43 25 41 24 42 24 44 25 

PAX UNK ERJ145 4AL003 59 34 56 32 57 33 60 35 

PAX CHQ ERJ140 AE3A13 145 84 137 79 141 81 149 86 

PAX UNK B737‐5 1CM007 126 73 119 69 122 70 129 74 

PAX DAL B737‐2 1PW010 269 155 255 147 261 151 276 159 

PAX DAL B737‐2 1PW011 135 78 128 74 131 76 138 80 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-38 

Table A-16 (concluded)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT HOU HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

PAX DAL B737‐8 3CM033 859 496 814 470 835 482 880 508 

PAX DAL B757‐2 3RR028 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 PAX DAL MD82 4PW070 293 169 278 160 285 165 300 173 PAX EGF ERJ140 6AL012 355 205 336 194 345 199 364 210 

PAX EGF ERJ145 6AL020 1,879 1,085 1,781 1,028 1,826 1,054 1,925 1,111 

PAX EGF ERJ145 4AL003 2,530 1,461 2,398 1,384 2,459 1,420 2,592 1,496 

PAX LOF ERJ145 4AL003 28 16 27 16 27 16 29 17 

PAX SCX B737‐8 3CM033 17 10 16 9 17 10 17 10 

PAX SWA B737‐2 1PW010 132 76 125 72 128 74 135 78 PAX SWA B737‐2 1PW011 66 38 63 36 64 37 68 39 

PAX SWA B737‐3 1CM004 33,156 19,141 31,426 18,142 32,225 18,603 33,975 19,613 

PAX SWA B737‐5 1CM004 16,438 9,489 15,580 8,994 15,976 9,223 16,844 9,724 

PAX SWA B737‐7 3CM031 15,931 9,197 15,100 8,717 15,483 8,938 16,325 9,424 

PAX TRS B717‐2 4BR002 2,745 1,585 2,602 1,502 2,668 1,540 2,813 1,624 

PAX YXX B717‐2 4BR002 366 211 347 200 356 206 375 216 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-39 

Table A-17 

ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

20

OS

GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 8GAV UNK A1B IO360 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 5GAV UNK COMMANDER690 TPE10 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 5GAV UNK COMMANDER690 TPE10 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 2GAV UNK HS125-1 1AS002 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 2GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 2,477 1,543 3,066 1,909 3,360 2,093 3,646 2,2GAV UNK B717-2 4BR002 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 2GAV UNK B737-3 1CM007 256 159 317 197 347 216 377 23GAV UNK B737-5 1CM007 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 5GAV UNK B737-7 3CM031 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 5GAV UNK B737-8 3CM034 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 8GAV UNK B757-2 4PW072 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 5GAV UNK BEECH200 PT6A41 3,089 1,924 3,823 2,381 4,190 2,609 4,547 2,8GAV UNK BEECH300 P660AG 1,030 641 1,275 794 1,397 870 1,516 94GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 2GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 14GAV UNK BEECH36 TIO540 610 380 755 470 827 515 898 55GAV UNK BEECH400 1PW037 771 480 954 594 1,046 651 1,135 70GAV UNK BEECH55 TIO540 386 240 478 298 524 326 568 35GAV UNK BEECH58 TIO540 676 421 837 521 917 571 995 62GAV UNK BEECH60 TIO540 322 201 399 248 437 272 474 29GAV UNK BEECH60 TIO540 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 2GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 8GAV UNK BEECH90 PT6A21 610 380 755 470 827 515 898 55GAV UNK BEECH99 PT6A20 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 5GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 256 159 317 197 347 216 377 23GAV UNK CNA182 IO360 740 461 916 570 1,004 625 1,089 67OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-40 

Table A-17 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT EFD HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK CNA206 IO360 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 89 GAV UNK CNA208 P6114A 837 521 1,036 645 1,135 707 1,232 767 GAV UNK CNA210 TIO540 547 341 677 422 742 462 805 501 GAV UNK CNA525 1PW035 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK CNA525 1PW035 708 441 876 546 960 598 1,042 649 GAV UNK CNA310 TIO540 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK CNA340 TIO540 805 501 996 620 1,092 680 1,185 738 GAV UNK CNA414 TIO540 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 89 GAV UNK CNA421 TIO540 644 401 797 496 874 544 948 590 GAV UNK CNA425 PT6A60 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK CNA441 TPE8 193 120 239 149 262 163 284 177 GAV UNK CNA500 1PW035 225 140 278 173 305 190 331 206 GAV UNK CNA501 1PW035 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 89 GAV UNK CNA501 1PW035 483 301 598 372 655 408 711 443 GAV UNK CNA550 1PW036 610 380 755 470 827 515 898 559 GAV UNK CNA560 1PW037 610 380 755 470 827 515 898 559 GAV UNK CNA560-XL 1PW037 417 260 516 321 566 352 614 382 GAV UNK CNA650 1AS002 644 401 797 496 874 544 948 590 GAV UNK CNA680 7PW080 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK CNA750 6AL022 515 321 637 397 699 435 758 472 GAV UNK CRJ2 5GE084 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK CL300 6AL006 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK CL600 5GE084 322 201 399 248 437 272 474 295 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 290 181 359 224 393 245 427 266 GAV UNK FAL10 1AS001 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK DC9-1 1PW004 483 301 598 372 655 408 711 443 OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-41 

Table A-17 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT EFD HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline Aircraft Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

201

OSW 

GAV UNK ERJ140 6AL017 290 181 359 224 393 245 427 266 GAV UNK ERJ145 6AL020 417 260 516 321 566 352 614 382 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 1,479 921 1,830 1,140 2,006 1,249 2,177 1,35GAV UNK FAL2000EX 7PW080 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK FAL900 1AS002 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK FAL10 1AS001 740 461 916 570 1,004 625 1,089 678 GAV UNK FAL50 1AS002 290 181 359 224 393 245 427 266 GAV UNK GULF150 1AS002 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 89 GAV UNK GULF2 MK511 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK GULF4 1RR019 644 401 797 496 874 544 948 590 GAV UNK GULF5 4BR008 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK HS125-7 1AS002 1,159 722 1,434 893 1,572 979 1,706 1,06GAV UNK JETSTAR-II/731 1AS002 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK J31 TPE10 451 281 558 348 612 381 664 414 GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK LEAR24 CJ6106 193 120 239 149 262 163 284 177 GAV UNK LEAR25 CJ6106 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK LEAR31 1AS001 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK LEAR35 1AS001 386 240 478 298 524 326 568 354 GAV UNK LEAR40 1AS001 193 120 239 149 262 163 284 177 GAV UNK LEAR45 1AS001 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK LEAR55 1AS002 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK LEAR60 TFE731 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 386 240 478 298 524 326 568 354 GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK MOONEY-M20K TSIO36 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK MU2 TPE10N 193 120 239 149 262 163 284 177 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-42 

Table A-17 (continued)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT EFD HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK P180 PT6A60 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK PA28 IO360 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK PA32 TIO540 193 120 239 149 262 163 284 177 GAV UNK PA46T PT6A42 290 181 359 224 393 245 427 266 GAV UNK PA24 TIO540 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK PA30 IO320 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK PA31 TIO540 225 140 278 173 305 190 331 206 GAV UNK PA32 TIO540 322 201 399 248 437 272 474 295 GAV UNK PA34 IO360 805 501 996 620 1,092 680 1,185 738 GAV UNK PA46T PT6A42 256 159 317 197 347 216 377 235 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 386 240 478 298 524 326 568 354 GAV UNK PA31T PT6A28 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK PC12 PT67B 290 181 359 224 393 245 427 266 GAV UNK PREMIER 1PW035 97 60 120 75 132 82 143 89 GAV UNK SABR40 CF700D 4,278 2,664 5,295 3,298 5,803 3,614 6,297 3,922 GAV UNK SR20 IO360 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK SR22 TIO540 290 181 359 224 393 245 427 266 GAV UNK SA227AT TPE10N 2,060 1,283 2,550 1,588 2,794 1,740 3,032 1,888 GAV UNK TBM700 PT6A64 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK TBM700 PT6A64 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK IAI1124 1AS002 129 80 160 100 175 109 190 118 GAV UNK A320-1 1IA003 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK B767-2 1GE011 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK B777-2 2RR027 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK PA42 TPE10N 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 GAV UNK PA32 TIO540 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-43 

Table A-17 (concluded)ANNUAL LTO BY AIRCRAFT-ENGINE COMBINATION AT EFD HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft 

Category Airline 

Aircraft 

Type 

Engine 

Type 

2005 

Annual 

2005 

OSW 

2011 

Annual 

2011 

OSW 

2014 

Annual 

2014 

OSW 

2017 

Annual 

2017 

OSW 

GAV UNK PA28 IO360 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK CNA172 IO320 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK FAL50 1AS002 161 100 199 124 218 136 237 148 GAV UNK DC3 R1820 32 20 40 25 43 27 47 29 GAV UNK BEECH99 PT6A20 64 40 79 49 87 54 94 59 MIL UNK MIL-F16 F10010 2,055 1,314 2,181 1,395 2,248 1,437 2,316 1,481 MIL UNK MIL-T38 J855HA 21,367 13,662 22,682 14,503 23,369 14,942 24,077 15,395 MIL UNK BELL206 250B17 2,465 1,576 2,617 1,673 2,696 1,724 2,778 1,776 MIL UNK MIL-AH1S T5311D 1,233 788 1,309 837 1,349 863 1,389 888 CRG NAO B767-3 1PW043 246 152 246 152 246 152 246 152 CRG AJT B727-2 1PW013 615 380 615 380 615 380 615 380 

OSW – Ozone Season Weekday; CRG – Cargo; PAX – Passenger; GAV – General Aviation; MIL - Military 
HAS608 A-44 

A.3 TAXI TIMES 

A.3.1 Baseline Taxi times 

Taxi times by runway for IAH and HOU were obtained from the FAA Aviation System 

Performance Metrics (ASPM) database for the baseline year. Taxi times by runway are 

provided in section 3 of the main report. Runway utilization by aircraft type was 

derived from the 2008 noise monitoring data. The runway utilization proportions were 

applied to the associated taxi times by runway to obtain the average taxi time by 

aircraft. 

Table A-18 and A-19 shows the runway utilization proportion and average baseline taxi 

in and taxi out time respectively by aircraft type at IAH. Table A-18 and A-19 show the 

runway utilization proportion and average baseline taxi in and taxi out time 

respectively by aircraft type at HOU. 

At EFD, unimpeded taxi times were computed by each arrival and departure runway 

based on the taxiing distance from/to the respective runway end and an average 

taxiing speed of 15 miles per hour (mph). It was assumed that the delay at EFD was 

insignificant and the unimpeded taxi time represented the total taxi time. Table A-22 

and A-23 shows the runway utilization proportion and average baseline taxi in and taxi 

out time respectively by aircraft type at EFD. 
HAS608 A-45 

Table A-18 

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type 

Rwy 

8L 

Rwy 

8R 

Rwy 

15L 

Rwy 

15R Rwy 9 

Rwy 

26L 

Rwy 

26R 

Rwy 

33L 

Rwy 

33R 

Rwy 

27 

Average 

Taxi in 

Time 

(mins) 

A124 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 8.19 

A306 6.4% 11.9% 10.1% 13.8% 0.9% 38.5% 4.6% 0.0% 1.8% 11.9% 8.41 

A310 2.7% 2.7% 31.1% 21.6% 0.0% 9.5% 5.4% 0.0% 0.0% 27.0% 8.23 

A318 6.5% 13.7% 11.3% 3.2% 0.8% 53.2% 8.9% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4% 8.46 

A319 3.6% 8.6% 25.0% 16.6% 1.4% 29.6% 3.9% 0.2% 0.5% 10.7% 8.40 

A320 2.7% 13.9% 23.0% 8.0% 2.7% 24.1% 11.2% 0.5% 0.0% 13.9% 8.41 

A321 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

A332 0.0% 0.0% 92.3% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

AC6T 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

AC90 0.0% 0.0% 27.3% 18.2% 0.0% 18.2% 18.2% 0.0% 0.0% 18.2% 8.22 

AN12 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

ASTR 14.3% 42.9% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.80 

AT43 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

B145 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

B190 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

B350 4.5% 0.0% 22.7% 13.6% 0.0% 31.8% 4.5% 0.0% 9.1% 13.6% 8.30 

B373 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B712 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B722 0.0% 6.7% 20.0% 2.7% 2.7% 22.7% 1.3% 0.0% 1.3% 42.7% 8.12 

B727 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B72Q 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.17 

B732 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

B733 4.8% 8.9% 19.8% 5.6% 1.6% 23.6% 4.4% 0.1% 0.2% 31.0% 8.25 

B734 7.4% 7.4% 33.7% 10.5% 2.1% 16.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22.1% 8.36 

B735 4.2% 7.0% 22.1% 6.6% 1.9% 24.9% 3.9% 0.1% 0.4% 28.9% 8.25 

B737 3.3% 8.1% 23.6% 9.5% 2.4% 18.8% 3.5% 0.2% 0.5% 30.1% 8.26 

B738 3.3% 10.5% 24.2% 5.9% 1.6% 17.9% 4.3% 0.1% 0.4% 31.6% 8.26 

B739 2.5% 10.2% 26.6% 6.9% 2.0% 14.7% 4.9% 0.1% 0.2% 32.1% 8.26 

B73Q 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

B741 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.25 

B742 4.7% 11.6% 20.9% 0.0% 2.3% 23.3% 2.3% 4.7% 0.0% 30.2% 8.29 

B744 1.4% 3.5% 39.4% 8.5% 5.6% 25.4% 2.8% 0.0% 1.4% 12.0% 8.40 

B747 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B752 2.8% 14.3% 19.6% 6.5% 0.8% 23.4% 2.7% 0.1% 0.1% 29.7% 8.28 

B753 2.0% 12.8% 24.9% 5.3% 0.6% 12.1% 3.2% 0.1% 0.7% 38.4% 8.21 

B757 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B762 4.9% 5.5% 17.5% 3.0% 0.8% 26.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.3% 41.8% 8.13 

B763 3.4% 0.0% 10.3% 17.2% 0.0% 34.5% 24.1% 0.0% 0.0% 10.3% 8.27 

B764 5.8% 5.4% 21.0% 3.7% 1.2% 12.1% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 49.6% 8.10 

B772 5.1% 6.8% 38.4% 6.6% 2.8% 17.9% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.5% 8.36 

B773 0.0% 0.0% 77.8% 11.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 8.36 

B777 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

B77H 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B77L 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

B77W 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.75 

BE10 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

BE20 0.0% 2.3% 34.9% 14.0% 0.0% 18.6% 7.0% 0.0% 0.0% 23.3% 8.22 

BE30 0.0% 20.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 8.35 

BE35 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

BE36 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

BE40 3.8% 0.0% 17.0% 11.3% 5.7% 35.8% 13.2% 0.0% 0.0% 13.2% 8.34 

BE55 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

BE58 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.81 

BE75 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 
HAS608 A-46 

Table A-18 (continued)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type 

Rwy 

8L 

Rwy 

8R 

Rwy 

15L 

Rwy 

15R Rwy 9 

Rwy 

26L 

Rwy 

26R 

Rwy 

33L 

Rwy 

33R 

Rwy 

27 

Average 

Taxi in 

Time 

(mins) 

BE9L 0.0% 9.1% 27.3% 0.0% 0.0% 36.4% 18.2% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% 8.33 

BE9T 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 8.10 

C172 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C182 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C206 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C208 6.9% 0.0% 0.0% 13.8% 3.4% 6.9% 58.6% 0.0% 6.9% 3.4% 8.38 

C25A 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 16.7% 33.3% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.67 

C25B 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 8.24 

C402 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C412 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C414 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.38 

C421 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.71 

C425 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.25 

C441 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C500 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 83.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.28 

C501 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.25 

C510 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

C525 0.0% 0.0% 26.5% 11.8% 0.0% 26.5% 5.9% 0.0% 0.0% 29.4% 8.14 

C550 4.0% 8.0% 28.0% 24.0% 0.0% 24.0% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0% 8.41 

C560 7.5% 5.0% 10.0% 12.5% 1.7% 40.8% 10.8% 0.0% 0.0% 11.7% 8.36 

C56X 5.6% 1.9% 9.3% 16.7% 3.7% 40.7% 13.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.3% 8.36 

C650 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 13.3% 0.0% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.7% 13.3% 8.22 

C680 4.2% 0.0% 14.6% 27.1% 0.0% 41.7% 10.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 8.36 

C690 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

C750 7.0% 8.1% 12.8% 23.3% 0.0% 31.4% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 11.6% 8.39 

CARJ 5.2% 13.7% 10.2% 2.9% 1.3% 39.0% 2.3% 0.4% 0.7% 24.3% 8.31 

CL30 4.2% 5.6% 13.9% 16.7% 1.4% 38.9% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 8.35 

CL60 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 18.8% 0.0% 37.5% 18.8% 0.0% 0.0% 18.8% 8.18 

CL65 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.17 

CL6O 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

CRJ 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

CRJ1 12.2% 3.6% 15.1% 5.8% 0.7% 56.1% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 8.42 

CRJ2 3.4% 7.0% 23.6% 6.4% 1.7% 31.3% 4.6% 0.1% 0.3% 21.5% 8.29 

CRJ7 6.0% 4.4% 20.0% 8.3% 2.7% 46.5% 5.4% 0.2% 0.0% 6.5% 8.40 

CRJ9 5.7% 6.7% 21.8% 5.6% 1.5% 42.3% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 10.1% 8.38 

CVLT 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

DC10 6.8% 2.0% 32.4% 14.9% 0.7% 28.4% 1.4% 0.0% 0.7% 12.8% 8.35 

DC86 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.35 

DC87 7.0% 7.0% 5.3% 0.0% 0.0% 42.1% 22.8% 1.8% 1.8% 12.3% 8.32 

DC9 3.3% 5.0% 50.0% 15.0% 1.7% 18.3% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.0% 8.45 

DC93 13.2% 10.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 55.3% 5.3% 0.0% 0.0% 15.8% 8.37 

E135 4.3% 6.9% 21.8% 4.1% 1.6% 27.8% 5.7% 0.1% 0.2% 27.5% 8.25 

E145 4.3% 6.9% 19.3% 3.7% 2.0% 28.6% 5.5% 0.0% 0.4% 29.2% 8.24 

E170 8.5% 4.9% 17.3% 5.3% 1.5% 47.0% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 9.7% 8.38 

E190 1.5% 0.0% 73.5% 11.8% 1.5% 7.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 8.43 

E35X 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

E45X 4.6% 5.7% 27.4% 5.1% 2.3% 29.8% 6.5% 0.1% 0.6% 18.0% 8.33 

EA50 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 7.82 

EBM1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

EMB1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.25 

F27 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

F2TH 1.4% 7.0% 15.5% 16.9% 0.0% 42.3% 5.6% 1.4% 1.4% 8.5% 8.34 

F50 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

F900 18.2% 0.0% 0.0% 27.3% 0.0% 45.5% 9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.47 

FA10 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 7.91 
HAS608 A-47 

Table A-18 (concluded)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type 

Rwy 

8L 

Rwy 

8R 

Rwy 

15L 

Rwy 

15R Rwy 9 

Rwy 

26L 

Rwy 

26R 

Rwy 

33L 

Rwy 

33R 

Rwy 

27 

Average 

Taxi in 

Time 

(mins) 

FA20 0.0% 15.4% 23.1% 7.7% 7.7% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 15.4% 8.46 

FA50 2.7% 8.1% 13.5% 16.2% 0.0% 37.8% 18.9% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7% 8.39 

G150 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 20.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 8.20 

GALX 0.0% 0.0% 27.3% 9.1% 0.0% 36.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 27.3% 8.15 

GLEX 9.4% 0.0% 12.5% 21.9% 0.0% 43.8% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.41 

GLF2 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.17 

GLF3 20.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 8.22 

GLF4 3.3% 12.2% 16.3% 18.7% 1.6% 30.1% 4.9% 0.0% 1.6% 11.4% 8.42 

GLF5 5.5% 5.5% 16.4% 21.8% 7.3% 34.5% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 7.3% 8.49 

GLOB 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.81 

H25A 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

H25B 8.3% 10.8% 17.5% 5.8% 0.8% 41.7% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 8.43 

H25C 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 8.03 

LJ25 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.37 

LJ31 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 16.7% 0.0% 33.3% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 8.21 

LJ35 5.3% 5.3% 19.3% 12.3% 0.0% 28.1% 12.3% 0.0% 8.8% 8.8% 8.37 

LJ40 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

LJ45 8.2% 10.2% 8.2% 18.4% 0.0% 24.5% 8.2% 0.0% 0.0% 22.4% 8.33 

LJ55 0.0% 0.0% 37.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 62.5% 7.93 

LJ60 1.6% 9.8% 21.3% 14.8% 0.0% 29.5% 8.2% 0.0% 0.0% 14.8% 8.33 

M20P 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

MD11 5.1% 6.8% 16.9% 13.6% 0.0% 5.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 52.5% 8.08 

MD80 0.0% 9.1% 36.4% 0.0% 0.0% 45.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% 8.35 

MD82 7.4% 6.9% 17.5% 8.3% 2.0% 42.7% 8.0% 0.0% 0.2% 7.1% 8.42 

MD83 0.0% 7.0% 11.6% 14.0% 0.0% 53.5% 11.6% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 8.35 

MD87 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

MD88 6.5% 4.2% 36.0% 2.1% 0.6% 40.2% 1.8% 0.0% 0.3% 8.3% 8.38 

MU2 33.3% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.09 

MU30 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

P180 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 28.6% 0.0% 28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 8.27 

P46T 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.25 

PA44 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

PA46 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

PAY2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

PAY3 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

PC12 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.0% 10.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 30.0% 8.31 

PH25 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.45 

PRM1 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.35 

SBR1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 25.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 8.14 

SF34 7.1% 3.6% 11.2% 7.8% 1.6% 46.9% 12.8% 0.2% 0.5% 8.4% 8.36 

SH36 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

SW34 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.25 

UNKN 7.5% 11.8% 12.3% 3.0% 1.6% 28.4% 5.8% 0.5% 1.0% 27.9% 8.31 

WW24 0.0% 8.3% 33.3% 8.3% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 41.7% 8.14 

XXXX 12.8% 1.8% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 63.9% 4.4% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 8.28 

ZZZZ 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.61 

E140 4.3% 6.9% 19.3% 3.7% 2.0% 28.6% 5.5% 0.0% 0.4% 29.2% 8.24 

A343 1.4% 3.5% 39.4% 8.5% 5.6% 25.4% 2.8% 0.0% 1.4% 12.0% 8.40 

E120 4.3% 6.9% 19.3% 3.7% 2.0% 28.6% 5.5% 0.0% 0.4% 29.2% 8.24 

MD90 0.0% 9.1% 36.4% 0.0% 0.0% 45.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% 8.35 

A333 1.4% 3.5% 39.4% 8.5% 5.6% 25.4% 2.8% 0.0% 1.4% 12.0% 8.40 

DC95 3.3% 5.0% 50.0% 15.0% 1.7% 18.3% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.0% 8.45 

C130 7.5% 11.8% 12.3% 3.0% 1.6% 28.4% 5.8% 0.5% 1.0% 27.9% 8.31 

Source: Noise Monitoring Data from May 2008-August 2008. 
HAS608 A-48 

Table A-19 

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type 

Rwy 

8L 

Rwy 

8R 

Rwy 

15L 

Rwy 

15R Rwy 9 

Rwy 

26L 

Rwy 

26R 

Rwy 

33L 

Rwy 

33R 

Rwy 

27 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time 

(mins) 

A124 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 20.61 

A306 3.9% 7.8% 27.3% 13.0% 1.3% 15.6% 15.6% 0.0% 3.9% 11.7% 20.37 

A310 0.0% 3.0% 54.5% 10.6% 0.0% 12.1% 0.0% 0.0% 1.5% 18.2% 20.64 

A318 1.8% 5.5% 38.2% 14.5% 8.2% 20.9% 5.5% 0.0% 3.6% 1.8% 20.40 

A319 1.8% 2.5% 35.6% 23.2% 2.8% 21.5% 2.8% 0.7% 2.2% 6.8% 20.51 

A320 0.4% 1.3% 46.6% 25.8% 2.5% 8.5% 2.1% 0.8% 1.7% 10.2% 20.68 

A321 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

A332 0.0% 0.0% 92.6% 3.7% 3.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.78 

AC6T 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

AC90 0.0% 0.0% 44.4% 11.1% 0.0% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 22.2% 20.53 

AN12 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

ASTR 0.0% 0.0% 36.4% 36.4% 0.0% 27.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.55 

AT43 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

B145 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B190 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B350 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 10.0% 10.0% 20.78 

B373 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B712 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.53 

B722 2.1% 6.3% 41.7% 8.3% 2.1% 14.6% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 22.9% 20.51 

B727 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

B72Q 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B732 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B733 1.3% 3.0% 43.2% 15.1% 4.5% 12.0% 1.7% 0.8% 1.4% 17.0% 20.55 

B734 0.0% 0.9% 67.0% 4.3% 4.3% 6.1% 0.9% 0.9% 1.7% 13.9% 20.69 

B735 1.5% 1.8% 40.9% 16.9% 4.1% 14.2% 1.8% 0.8% 1.6% 16.6% 20.55 

B737 1.1% 3.3% 40.3% 17.6% 3.5% 12.0% 1.7% 0.8% 0.9% 18.8% 20.55 

B738 0.9% 3.3% 46.6% 12.8% 3.1% 10.8% 2.3% 0.6% 1.4% 18.1% 20.57 

B739 0.6% 3.1% 50.5% 13.3% 2.6% 10.3% 2.2% 0.3% 1.2% 15.9% 20.59 

B73Q 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B741 0.0% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 21.03 

B742 2.4% 7.1% 35.7% 7.1% 2.4% 16.7% 9.5% 2.4% 4.8% 11.9% 20.49 

B744 0.5% 0.5% 51.4% 18.4% 9.0% 6.1% 8.0% 1.4% 2.4% 2.4% 20.60 

B747 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

B752 0.4% 6.1% 41.0% 16.6% 3.0% 12.0% 4.0% 0.8% 1.4% 14.8% 20.53 

B753 0.6% 4.3% 44.2% 16.1% 1.6% 6.8% 2.5% 0.7% 1.5% 21.7% 20.62 

B757 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

B762 1.7% 3.1% 35.0% 8.2% 5.1% 13.9% 1.0% 0.0% 3.1% 28.9% 20.50 

B763 0.0% 10.3% 3.4% 20.7% 0.0% 24.1% 31.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.3% 20.08 

B764 0.8% 2.1% 41.6% 12.1% 1.9% 6.9% 1.0% 0.0% 2.3% 31.2% 20.63 

B772 1.9% 1.3% 58.4% 10.4% 8.9% 6.1% 0.6% 0.4% 2.1% 9.9% 20.60 

B773 0.0% 0.0% 81.8% 9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 4.5% 20.91 

B777 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 7.1% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.1% 3.6% 20.85 

B77H 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

B77L 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

B77W 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

BE10 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.32 

BE20 0.0% 2.4% 52.4% 11.9% 0.0% 7.1% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 23.8% 20.63 

BE30 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

BE35 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

BE36 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

BE40 0.0% 6.0% 16.0% 52.0% 4.0% 12.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0% 20.52 

BE55 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 20.68 

BE58 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 21.47 

BE75 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

BE9L 0.0% 0.0% 41.7% 41.7% 8.3% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.62 
HAS608 A-49 

Table A-19 (continued)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type 

Rwy 

8L 

Rwy 

8R 

Rwy 

15L 

Rwy 

15R Rwy 9 

Rwy 

26L 

Rwy 

26R 

Rwy 

33L 

Rwy 

33R 

Rwy 

27 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time 

(mins) 

BE9T 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

C172 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

C182 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 20.68 

C206 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

C208 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 4.5% 2.3% 6.8% 72.7% 0.0% 2.3% 4.5% 19.89 

C25A 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.06 

C25B 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 42.9% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 20.64 

C402 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

C412 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

C414 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.31 

C421 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

C425 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.52 

C441 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

C500 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.79 

C501 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 20.49 

C510 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

C525 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 23.1% 0.0% 7.7% 7.7% 0.0% 3.8% 7.7% 20.72 

C550 3.1% 0.0% 40.6% 18.8% 0.0% 28.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.4% 20.47 

C560 1.9% 0.9% 36.1% 25.0% 2.8% 21.3% 2.8% 0.0% 2.8% 6.5% 20.53 

C56X 0.0% 0.0% 40.4% 25.0% 9.6% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 5.8% 3.8% 20.62 

C650 0.0% 0.0% 46.2% 23.1% 0.0% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.51 

C680 0.0% 2.3% 16.3% 55.8% 0.0% 14.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.6% 20.62 

C690 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

C750 0.0% 2.6% 35.1% 31.2% 0.0% 15.6% 3.9% 1.3% 3.9% 6.5% 20.67 

CARJ 2.8% 6.7% 33.2% 6.2% 1.2% 28.6% 2.4% 0.1% 0.9% 17.9% 20.33 

CL30 0.0% 1.4% 43.1% 26.4% 0.0% 18.1% 5.6% 1.4% 1.4% 2.8% 20.61 

CL60 0.0% 0.0% 26.7% 46.7% 0.0% 13.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 13.3% 20.65 

CL65 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

CL6O 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

CRJ 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

CRJ1 0.8% 1.6% 34.1% 25.6% 10.1% 22.5% 0.8% 0.8% 2.3% 1.6% 20.46 

CRJ2 0.7% 1.4% 48.1% 13.3% 3.4% 17.8% 2.0% 0.8% 1.1% 11.5% 20.55 

CRJ7 1.8% 1.3% 34.6% 16.6% 7.0% 28.2% 3.9% 0.0% 2.0% 4.6% 20.37 

CRJ9 0.8% 1.6% 47.0% 14.2% 4.7% 20.5% 2.3% 0.3% 2.2% 6.5% 20.52 

CVLT 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.31 

DC10 3.3% 0.0% 64.1% 7.6% 0.0% 20.7% 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 3.3% 20.59 

DC86 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

DC87 0.0% 4.0% 4.0% 2.0% 4.0% 54.0% 20.0% 0.0% 8.0% 4.0% 20.07 

DC9 2.7% 0.0% 63.7% 18.6% 0.9% 6.2% 2.7% 1.8% 0.9% 2.7% 20.74 

DC93 0.0% 0.0% 31.3% 50.0% 3.1% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 9.4% 0.0% 20.90 

E135 1.3% 1.7% 43.5% 12.6% 4.2% 15.4% 3.1% 0.5% 1.5% 16.2% 20.52 

E145 1.3% 2.1% 41.5% 9.3% 4.3% 18.0% 3.2% 0.5% 1.5% 18.2% 20.48 

E170 2.3% 1.2% 44.1% 16.3% 5.1% 23.6% 0.3% 0.3% 2.3% 4.5% 20.49 

E190 0.0% 0.0% 79.6% 13.3% 0.0% 3.5% 0.0% 2.7% 0.0% 0.9% 20.85 

E35X 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

E45X 1.0% 1.3% 54.2% 10.4% 4.5% 14.3% 2.7% 0.8% 1.6% 9.1% 20.57 

EA50 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.78 

EBM1 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

EMB1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

F27 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

F2TH 1.3% 5.3% 40.8% 17.1% 2.6% 17.1% 5.3% 0.0% 3.9% 6.6% 20.53 

F50 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

F900 0.0% 0.0% 42.9% 50.0% 0.0% 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.76 

FA10 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.72 

FA20 0.0% 6.7% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% 0.0% 20.86 
HAS608 A-50 

Table A-19 (concluded)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type 

Rwy 

8L 

Rwy 

8R 

Rwy 

15L 

Rwy 

15R Rwy 9 

Rwy 

26L 

Rwy 

26R 

Rwy 

33L 

Rwy 

33R 

Rwy 

27 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time 

(mins) 

FA50 0.0% 0.0% 37.2% 30.2% 0.0% 18.6% 9.3% 0.0% 0.0% 4.7% 20.53 

G150 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 20.77 

GALX 0.0% 0.0% 30.8% 38.5% 0.0% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.51 

GLEX 0.0% 0.0% 31.3% 12.5% 12.5% 37.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.18 

GLF2 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

GLF3 0.0% 0.0% 55.6% 11.1% 0.0% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 20.57 

GLF4 0.7% 1.5% 34.6% 44.1% 1.5% 10.3% 1.5% 1.5% 0.0% 4.4% 20.68 

GLF5 1.9% 1.9% 51.9% 24.1% 0.0% 9.3% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 9.3% 20.64 

GLOB 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

H25A 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

H25B 3.7% 1.9% 32.7% 28.0% 3.7% 18.7% 3.7% 0.0% 1.9% 5.6% 20.48 

H25C 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

LJ25 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.57 

LJ31 0.0% 0.0% 42.9% 14.3% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 20.59 

LJ35 0.0% 2.2% 30.4% 26.1% 0.0% 19.6% 0.0% 2.2% 8.7% 10.9% 20.77 

LJ40 20.0% 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.36 

LJ45 2.9% 0.0% 31.4% 45.7% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.7% 20.63 

LJ55 0.0% 0.0% 44.4% 22.2% 0.0% 22.2% 11.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.48 

LJ60 2.0% 0.0% 44.0% 24.0% 0.0% 22.0% 2.0% 2.0% 0.0% 4.0% 20.58 

M20P 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

MD11 0.0% 1.9% 43.4% 26.4% 0.0% 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 24.5% 20.69 

MD80 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 10.0% 0.0% 10.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.0% 20.59 

MD82 1.6% 2.8% 28.7% 26.0% 6.2% 25.6% 3.1% 0.2% 2.1% 3.7% 20.41 

MD83 2.4% 2.4% 31.0% 19.0% 4.8% 26.2% 4.8% 0.0% 7.1% 2.4% 20.50 

MD87 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

MD88 0.3% 0.9% 66.0% 2.8% 0.9% 23.3% 0.3% 0.9% 0.6% 4.0% 20.57 

MU2 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

MU30 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 20.73 

P180 0.0% 0.0% 57.1% 14.3% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 20.64 

P46T 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

PA44 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

PA46 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

PAY2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

PAY3 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

PC12 0.0% 0.0% 44.4% 33.3% 0.0% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.60 

PH25 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

PRM1 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.48 

SBR1 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.84 

SF34 1.6% 1.1% 28.6% 24.4% 4.8% 27.1% 4.6% 0.8% 2.4% 4.5% 20.43 

SH36 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.77 

SW34 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.51 

UNKN 2.9% 7.2% 31.0% 9.0% 1.6% 21.3% 3.4% 0.7% 1.9% 21.1% 20.40 

WW24 0.0% 10.5% 42.1% 10.5% 0.0% 10.5% 5.3% 0.0% 5.3% 15.8% 20.58 

XXXX 3.8% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 67.3% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 24.0% 19.93 

ZZZZ 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.06 

E140 1.3% 2.1% 41.5% 9.3% 4.3% 18.0% 3.2% 0.5% 1.5% 18.2% 20.48 

A343 0.5% 0.5% 51.4% 18.4% 9.0% 6.1% 8.0% 1.4% 2.4% 2.4% 20.60 

E120 1.3% 2.1% 41.5% 9.3% 4.3% 18.0% 3.2% 0.5% 1.5% 18.2% 20.48 

MD90 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 10.0% 0.0% 10.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.0% 20.59 

A333 0.5% 0.5% 51.4% 18.4% 9.0% 6.1% 8.0% 1.4% 2.4% 2.4% 20.60 

DC95 2.7% 0.0% 63.7% 18.6% 0.9% 6.2% 2.7% 1.8% 0.9% 2.7% 20.74 

C130 7.5% 11.8% 12.3% 3.0% 1.6% 28.4% 5.8% 0.5% 1.0% 27.9% 20.13 

Source: Noise Monitoring Data from May 2008-August 2008 
HAS608 A-51 

Table A-20 

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 17 Rwy 22 Rwy 35 

Rwy 

12L 

Rwy 

12R 

Rwy 

30L 

Rwy 

30R 

Average 

Taxi In 

Time 

(mins) 

AA5B 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

A319 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 4.20 

B712 11.2% 0.0% 5.2% 0.0% 0.0% 77.5% 6.2% 0.0% 4.48 

B732 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

B733 11.8% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 79.7% 5.9% 0.0% 4.47 

B735 12.4% 0.2% 2.4% 0.1% 0.0% 78.3% 6.6% 0.0% 4.46 

B737 12.4% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 78.7% 6.3% 0.0% 4.46 

B738 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

B739 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

B742 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.03 

B752 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.44 

B753 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.09 

B461 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

BE10 12.5% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 20.8% 54.2% 4.2% 0.0% 4.48 

B190 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

BE20 9.8% 11.1% 3.2% 0.6% 24.4% 43.2% 6.7% 1.0% 4.46 

B350 9.0% 6.6% 3.3% 0.0% 29.9% 43.0% 7.8% 0.4% 4.48 

BE36 26.1% 0.0% 8.7% 0.0% 43.5% 17.4% 4.3% 0.0% 4.32 

BE40 11.1% 2.9% 3.3% 0.0% 3.7% 73.3% 5.3% 0.4% 4.48 

BE55 7.9% 1.1% 2.2% 1.1% 20.2% 64.0% 1.1% 2.2% 4.54 

BE58 8.3% 15.0% 1.7% 1.7% 31.7% 38.3% 1.7% 1.7% 4.52 

BE60 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 25.0% 62.5% 0.0% 0.0% 4.66 

BE90 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 0.0% 16.7% 4.51 

BE9T 14.8% 11.1% 0.0% 7.4% 25.9% 37.0% 3.7% 0.0% 4.42 

B222 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.51 

CL30 6.4% 12.8% 1.8% 0.0% 3.7% 67.9% 7.3% 0.0% 4.51 

CL60 10.2% 2.9% 4.9% 0.5% 0.5% 75.6% 5.4% 0.0% 4.49 

C172 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 75.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

C182 28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.6% 42.9% 0.0% 0.0% 4.34 

C206 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

C208 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

C210 0.0% 14.3% 14.3% 0.0% 28.6% 42.9% 0.0% 0.0% 4.64 

C310 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 4.63 

C340 20.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.39 

C414 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 3.8% 42.3% 38.5% 7.7% 3.8% 4.54 

C421 9.5% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 42.9% 9.5% 0.0% 4.46 

C425 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

C441 3.4% 13.8% 0.0% 0.0% 20.7% 55.2% 6.9% 0.0% 4.55 

C500 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.5% 71.4% 4.8% 0.0% 4.46 

C501 5.7% 0.0% 3.8% 0.0% 47.2% 39.6% 3.8% 0.0% 4.56 

C25A 11.6% 2.3% 4.7% 0.0% 14.0% 62.8% 4.7% 0.0% 4.48 

C550 11.1% 4.6% 2.6% 0.3% 6.2% 69.4% 5.9% 0.0% 4.48 

C551 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.65 
HAS608 A-52 

Table A-20 (continued)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 17 Rwy 22 Rwy 35 

Rwy 

12L 

Rwy 

12R 

Rwy 

30L 

Rwy 

30R 

Average 

Taxi In 

Time 

(mins) 

C560 12.7% 7.8% 2.2% 0.4% 6.5% 65.2% 4.9% 0.2% 4.46 

C56X 10.7% 9.4% 3.1% 1.6% 7.5% 59.7% 6.9% 0.9% 4.45 

C650 8.5% 10.8% 5.4% 1.5% 3.1% 62.3% 8.5% 0.0% 4.47 

C680 4.3% 13.5% 0.0% 0.7% 3.5% 75.9% 2.1% 0.0% 4.58 

C750 12.0% 6.0% 2.3% 0.4% 1.9% 71.8% 5.6% 0.0% 4.47 

AC90 16.7% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.45 

CRJ2 10.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 84.2% 5.3% 0.0% 4.50 

CRJ7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

DC9 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

DH8A 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.55 

D328 11.1% 0.0% 5.6% 1.4% 0.0% 79.2% 2.8% 0.0% 4.50 

E135 8.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 87.0% 4.3% 0.0% 4.53 

E145 12.2% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 0.3% 79.6% 5.5% 0.0% 4.47 

FA10 7.1% 3.6% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 85.7% 0.0% 0.0% 4.58 

F2TH 14.0% 7.9% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 65.7% 6.7% 0.0% 4.43 

FA20 10.7% 7.1% 3.6% 0.0% 3.6% 64.3% 10.7% 0.0% 4.43 

FA50 15.5% 3.9% 5.8% 0.0% 0.0% 66.0% 8.7% 0.0% 4.40 

F900 10.6% 19.1% 4.3% 0.0% 2.1% 59.6% 4.3% 0.0% 4.48 

GLEX 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 16.7% 0.0% 4.49 

H25C 0.0% 3.8% 3.8% 0.0% 3.8% 80.8% 7.7% 0.0% 4.59 

G150 8.6% 19.1% 3.3% 2.6% 0.7% 59.9% 5.9% 0.0% 4.48 

GLF2 12.3% 8.6% 3.1% 0.6% 2.5% 64.2% 8.6% 0.0% 4.43 

GALX 13.2% 13.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 67.9% 5.7% 0.0% 4.45 

GLF3 9.3% 2.3% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 81.4% 4.7% 0.0% 4.51 

GLF4 9.6% 6.7% 1.4% 1.0% 1.4% 69.4% 10.5% 0.0% 4.45 

GLF5 6.7% 10.0% 5.6% 2.2% 2.2% 68.9% 4.4% 0.0% 4.52 

HA4T 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

ASTR 12.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 74.2% 9.7% 0.0% 4.43 

H25A 7.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.7% 7.1% 0.0% 4.52 

H25B 11.6% 2.4% 1.7% 0.0% 1.9% 74.9% 7.3% 0.2% 4.46 

WW24 8.2% 0.6% 1.8% 0.6% 2.9% 78.9% 6.4% 0.6% 4.50 

JS31 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 4.20 

L29A 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

LJ24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

LJ25 20.0% 8.6% 5.7% 0.0% 2.9% 62.9% 0.0% 0.0% 4.42 

LJ31 8.0% 6.6% 0.7% 2.2% 2.9% 73.0% 6.6% 0.0% 4.50 

LJ35 9.9% 13.9% 1.3% 2.0% 4.6% 60.3% 7.9% 0.0% 4.45 

LJ40 16.7% 3.7% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 70.4% 7.4% 0.0% 4.40 

LJ45 8.1% 1.1% 2.8% 0.2% 5.2% 76.0% 6.6% 0.0% 4.51 

LJ55 8.0% 32.0% 2.7% 1.3% 1.3% 48.0% 6.7% 0.0% 4.47 

LJ60 9.9% 4.1% 4.1% 0.0% 0.0% 76.9% 5.0% 0.0% 4.50 

MD11 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

MD80 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 16.7% 0.0% 4.51 
HAS608 A-53 

Table A-20 (concluded)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 17 Rwy 22 Rwy 35 

Rwy 

12L 

Rwy 

12R 

Rwy 

30L 

Rwy 

30R 

Average 

Taxi In 

Time 

(mins) 

MD83 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

C130 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

M20P 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

MU2 3.6% 12.5% 5.4% 0.0% 21.4% 55.4% 1.8% 0.0% 4.59 

MU30 24.0% 20.0% 4.0% 0.0% 8.0% 44.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.36 

P180 10.9% 6.3% 1.6% 1.6% 4.7% 64.1% 10.9% 0.0% 4.42 

PA23 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.51 

PA24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

PA28 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

PA30 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

PA31 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 40.0% 0.0% 4.06 

PAY1 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 57.1% 28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 4.50 

PA32 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.51 

PA34 16.7% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.44 

PAY4 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

P46T 12.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 56.3% 6.3% 6.3% 4.40 

PC12 8.2% 19.6% 1.3% 2.5% 25.9% 36.1% 5.7% 0.6% 4.48 

PRM1 8.5% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 3.4% 79.7% 6.8% 0.0% 4.51 

SJ30 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.51 

SW3 11.8% 5.9% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% 58.8% 0.0% 11.8% 4.41 

SBR1 10.5% 0.0% 10.5% 0.0% 5.3% 68.4% 5.3% 0.0% 4.49 

SR20 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

SR22 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 4.65 

TBM7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 85.7% 0.0% 0.0% 4.67 

TRIN 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.72 

Source: Noise Monitoring Data from May 2008-August 2008 
HAS608 A-54 

Table A-21 

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 17 Rwy 22 Rwy 35 

Rwy 

12L 

Rwy 

12R 

Rwy 

30L 

Rwy 

30R 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time 

(mins) 

AA5B 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.73 

A319 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.74 

B712 3.10% 0.16% 72.92% 0.00% 0.16% 20.39% 3.26% 0.00% 9.57 

B732 0.00% 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 75.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.99 

B733 3.16% 0.43% 28.13% 0.03% 0.41% 64.45% 3.35% 0.03% 9.13 

B735 3.35% 0.26% 30.05% 0.00% 0.20% 61.81% 4.33% 0.00% 9.17 

B737 3.02% 0.45% 31.53% 0.04% 0.26% 60.31% 4.35% 0.04% 9.18 

B738 0.00% 0.00% 63.64% 0.00% 0.00% 36.36% 0.00% 0.00% 9.36 

B739 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.74 

B742 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.74 

B752 0.00% 0.00% 75.00% 0.00% 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.48 

B753 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

B461 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

BE10 2.94% 11.76% 64.71% 2.94% 2.94% 5.88% 8.82% 0.00% 9.62 

B190 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

BE20 5.35% 17.27% 50.61% 2.19% 8.03% 11.44% 2.43% 2.68% 9.46 

B350 2.24% 8.65% 67.95% 0.64% 8.01% 7.05% 2.56% 2.88% 9.55 

BE36 4.35% 10.87% 52.17% 6.52% 10.87% 10.87% 2.17% 2.17% 9.51 

BE40 2.94% 0.84% 60.50% 0.84% 2.10% 24.79% 5.46% 2.52% 9.53 

BE55 3.92% 1.96% 30.39% 1.96% 4.90% 49.02% 5.88% 1.96% 9.27 

BE58 0.00% 19.05% 44.05% 3.57% 9.52% 17.86% 2.38% 3.57% 9.33 

BE60 0.00% 22.22% 55.56% 0.00% 5.56% 11.11% 5.56% 0.00% 9.37 

BE90 0.00% 8.33% 66.67% 0.00% 8.33% 0.00% 0.00% 16.67% 9.66 

BE9T 8.33% 19.44% 41.67% 2.78% 5.56% 22.22% 0.00% 0.00% 9.36 

B222 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.36 

CL30 5.00% 1.67% 56.67% 0.00% 0.83% 31.67% 4.17% 0.00% 9.46 

CL60 5.93% 5.51% 62.71% 1.69% 0.42% 19.92% 3.39% 0.42% 9.56 

C172 12.50% 12.50% 31.25% 6.25% 0.00% 12.50% 12.50% 12.50% 9.80 

C182 0.00% 24.00% 44.00% 0.00% 8.00% 16.00% 4.00% 4.00% 9.30 

C206 8.33% 16.67% 33.33% 0.00% 8.33% 33.33% 0.00% 0.00% 9.23 

C208 0.00% 14.29% 42.86% 0.00% 0.00% 14.29% 14.29% 14.29% 9.62 

C210 0.00% 6.25% 75.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.25% 0.00% 12.50% 9.68 

C310 0.00% 16.67% 83.33% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.56 

C340 0.00% 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 9.39 

C414 0.00% 18.18% 72.73% 0.00% 0.00% 4.55% 4.55% 0.00% 9.53 

C421 0.00% 18.18% 66.67% 0.00% 6.06% 3.03% 3.03% 3.03% 9.49 

C425 0.00% 50.00% 25.00% 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.99 

C441 0.00% 24.00% 44.00% 4.00% 8.00% 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.24 

C500 7.41% 0.00% 62.96% 3.70% 0.00% 22.22% 0.00% 3.70% 9.62 

C501 5.26% 8.77% 66.67% 1.75% 5.26% 8.77% 3.51% 0.00% 9.58 

C25A 4.17% 0.00% 70.83% 2.08% 2.08% 12.50% 2.08% 6.25% 9.69 

C550 3.40% 5.95% 63.74% 1.13% 1.98% 18.70% 3.97% 1.13% 9.53 

C551 0.00% 0.00% 40.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.13 
HAS608 A-55 

Table A-21 (continued)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 17 Rwy 22 Rwy 35 

Rwy 

12L 

Rwy 

12R 

Rwy 

30L 

Rwy 

30R 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time 

(mins) 

C560 3.49% 4.65% 49.07% 2.33% 2.79% 30.93% 3.95% 2.79% 9.44 

C56X 5.54% 6.33% 33.77% 3.96% 1.58% 46.17% 1.32% 1.32% 9.29 

C650 4.80% 1.60% 54.40% 1.60% 0.80% 30.40% 6.40% 0.00% 9.50 

C680 3.87% 2.58% 38.06% 6.45% 0.65% 45.16% 1.94% 1.29% 9.35 

C750 4.63% 2.85% 45.20% 2.49% 0.00% 40.57% 4.27% 0.00% 9.38 

AC90 6.90% 34.48% 24.14% 3.45% 6.90% 17.24% 0.00% 6.90% 9.28 

CRJ2 11.11% 0.00% 77.78% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

CRJ7 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

DC9 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

DH8A 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.74 

D328 4.76% 1.59% 84.13% 1.59% 0.00% 6.35% 1.59% 0.00% 9.71 

E135 0.93% 0.00% 86.11% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 1.85% 0.00% 9.63 

E145 3.57% 0.43% 74.00% 0.00% 0.14% 17.43% 4.43% 0.00% 9.61 

FA10 12.00% 0.00% 60.00% 4.00% 0.00% 24.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.63 

F2TH 4.43% 1.97% 53.69% 1.97% 0.00% 32.02% 5.42% 0.49% 9.48 

FA20 7.69% 7.69% 42.31% 0.00% 0.00% 34.62% 7.69% 0.00% 9.43 

FA50 5.88% 2.94% 51.96% 2.94% 0.00% 30.39% 5.88% 0.00% 9.51 

F900 4.00% 0.00% 57.33% 2.67% 0.00% 32.00% 4.00% 0.00% 9.49 

GLEX 0.00% 0.00% 62.50% 12.50% 0.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.56 

H25C 10.34% 0.00% 68.97% 3.45% 0.00% 17.24% 0.00% 0.00% 9.68 

G150 1.55% 1.55% 49.61% 0.78% 0.00% 42.64% 3.88% 0.00% 9.33 

GLF2 4.21% 5.79% 66.32% 1.58% 0.53% 17.37% 3.68% 0.53% 9.57 

GALX 9.23% 1.54% 26.15% 3.08% 0.00% 56.92% 3.08% 0.00% 9.28 

GLF3 7.61% 0.00% 57.61% 2.17% 0.00% 21.74% 10.87% 0.00% 9.67 

GLF4 3.33% 1.43% 61.43% 2.38% 0.48% 27.62% 3.33% 0.00% 9.50 

GLF5 2.68% 4.46% 50.00% 0.89% 0.00% 37.50% 3.57% 0.89% 9.37 

HA4T 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

ASTR 0.00% 2.56% 71.79% 0.00% 0.00% 20.51% 5.13% 0.00% 9.53 

H25A 0.00% 5.26% 89.47% 0.00% 0.00% 5.26% 0.00% 0.00% 9.62 

H25B 4.40% 2.28% 55.54% 0.49% 0.49% 30.62% 5.21% 0.98% 9.48 

WW24 3.70% 5.82% 66.67% 2.12% 1.06% 17.46% 3.17% 0.00% 9.55 

JS31 0.00% 50.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.23 

L29A 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

LJ24 0.00% 25.00% 75.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.48 

LJ25 8.16% 2.04% 44.90% 2.04% 2.04% 34.69% 6.12% 0.00% 9.47 

LJ31 2.36% 10.24% 44.88% 0.00% 1.57% 38.58% 2.36% 0.00% 9.27 

LJ35 6.80% 4.08% 38.78% 4.76% 1.36% 40.14% 2.04% 2.04% 9.40 

LJ40 5.77% 3.85% 59.62% 1.92% 3.85% 19.23% 3.85% 1.92% 9.56 

LJ45 3.86% 1.42% 65.24% 1.02% 1.83% 18.70% 5.69% 2.24% 9.60 

LJ55 6.00% 4.00% 36.00% 0.00% 0.00% 49.00% 5.00% 0.00% 9.29 

LJ60 6.45% 4.84% 49.19% 1.61% 0.81% 31.45% 5.65% 0.00% 9.47 

MD11 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.36 

MD80 10.00% 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% 30.00% 10.00% 0.00% 9.59 
HAS608 A-56 

Table A-21 (concluded)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 17 Rwy 22 Rwy 35 

Rwy 

12L 

Rwy 

12R 

Rwy 

30L 

Rwy 

30R 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time 

(mins) 

MD83 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.36 

C130 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.36 

M20P 0.00% 16.67% 50.00% 0.00% 8.33% 16.67% 8.33% 0.00% 9.37 

MU2 24.62% 12.31% 33.85% 1.54% 6.15% 12.31% 4.62% 4.62% 9.74 

MU30 14.29% 14.29% 32.14% 0.00% 0.00% 35.71% 3.57% 0.00% 9.40 

P180 4.65% 8.14% 55.81% 1.16% 2.33% 23.26% 2.33% 2.33% 9.47 

PA23 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.36 

PA24 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 10.36 

PA28 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.74 

PA30 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

PA31 0.00% 33.33% 66.67% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.39 

PAY1 11.11% 0.00% 77.78% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 9.72 

PA32 20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.33 

PA34 14.29% 14.29% 57.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14.29% 9.82 

PAY4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 50.00% 9.55 

P46T 0.00% 13.04% 43.48% 13.04% 4.35% 17.39% 0.00% 8.70% 9.52 

PC12 1.78% 31.95% 36.69% 3.55% 5.33% 11.83% 4.14% 4.73% 9.34 

PRM1 4.62% 4.62% 61.54% 1.54% 1.54% 18.46% 6.15% 1.54% 9.58 

SJ30 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.73 

SW3 0.00% 13.64% 50.00% 0.00% 4.55% 22.73% 9.09% 0.00% 9.38 

SBR1 4.55% 0.00% 77.27% 0.00% 0.00% 9.09% 9.09% 0.00% 9.74 

SR20 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.74 

SR22 9.09% 36.36% 54.55% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.46 

TBM7 0.00% 42.86% 42.86% 0.00% 0.00% 7.14% 7.14% 0.00% 9.28 

TRIN 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.36 

Source: Noise Monitoring Data from May 2008-August 2008 
HAS608 A-57 

Table A-22 

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 22 

Rwy 

17L 

Rwy 

17R 

Rwy 

35L 

Rwy 

35R 

Average 

Taxi In 

Time (mins 

AA5B 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.80 

A320 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

B722 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 5.03 

B722 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 5.03 

B733 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

B735 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.80 

B737 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 66.7% 0.0% 5.32 

B738 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.10 

B752 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.73 

B762 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 5.03 

B763 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 4.91 

B772 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

BE20 0.0% 25.5% 0.0% 68.1% 6.4% 0.0% 5.31 

B350 0.0% 9.1% 6.1% 66.7% 15.2% 3.0% 5.47 

BE36 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 20.0% 0.0% 6.60 

BE40 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.06 

BE55 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 66.7% 16.7% 0.0% 5.40 

BE58 0.0% 9.1% 0.0% 81.8% 9.1% 0.0% 5.63 

BE60 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 5.68 

BE9L 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 50.0% 10.0% 0.0% 4.97 

BE9L 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 50.0% 10.0% 0.0% 4.97 

T38 1.7% 10.9% 0.8% 75.9% 10.7% 0.0% 5.64 

CL30 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

CL60 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 60.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.31 

EA50 4.2% 8.3% 0.0% 79.2% 8.3% 0.0% 5.84 

C182 0.0% 60.0% 0.0% 20.0% 20.0% 0.0% 4.46 

C208 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 5.78 

C208 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 5.78 

C210 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 5.03 

C310 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

C340 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

C421 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 75.0% 12.5% 0.0% 5.53 

C421 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 75.0% 12.5% 0.0% 5.53 

C425 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.80 

C441 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

C500 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 75.0% 0.0% 5.25 

C525 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 5.78 

C25B 10.0% 10.0% 0.0% 60.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.96 

C550 0.0% 10.0% 0.0% 90.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.69 

C560 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

C56X 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 83.3% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C650 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.73 

C680 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

C750 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

AC90 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

CARJ 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.11 

DC3 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

DC9 0.0% 42.9% 0.0% 28.6% 28.6% 0.0% 4.75 

E135 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 5.16 

E145 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.73 

FA10 0.0% 10.0% 0.0% 80.0% 10.0% 0.0% 5.60 

F2TH 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.85 

FA50 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 60.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.31 

F900 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

G159 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 
HAS608 A-58 

Table A-22 (concluded)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI IN TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 22 

Rwy 

17L 

Rwy 

17R 

Rwy 

35L 

Rwy 

35R 

Average 

Taxi In 

Time (mins 

GLF2 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 68.8% 18.8% 0.0% 5.47 

GLF4 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 5.81 

GLF5 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.61 

H25B 0.0% 18.8% 0.0% 81.3% 0.0% 0.0% 5.51 

H25B 0.0% 18.8% 0.0% 81.3% 0.0% 0.0% 5.51 

WW24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

L29B 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 50.0% 33.3% 0.0% 5.26 

L29A 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

LJ24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 5.46 

LJ25 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.80 

LJ31 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.61 

LJ35 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 80.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.73 

LJ40 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

LJ45 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

LJ55 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

LJ60 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 5.68 

T38 1.7% 10.9% 0.8% 75.9% 10.7% 0.0% 5.64 

T38 1.7% 10.9% 0.8% 75.9% 10.7% 0.0% 5.64 

T38 1.7% 10.9% 0.8% 75.9% 10.7% 0.0% 5.64 

M20P 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

MU2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

P180 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.61 

PA24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

PA32 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.20 

PA32 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.20 

PA31 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 0.0% 5.01 

PA31 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 0.0% 5.01 

PA32 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.20 

PA34 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 66.7% 22.2% 0.0% 5.47 

PA34 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 66.7% 22.2% 0.0% 5.47 

PA46 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 4.41 

PC12 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 40.0% 0.0% 5.55 

PRM1 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.85 

SW3 0.0% 16.0% 0.0% 76.0% 8.0% 0.0% 5.49 

SBR1 0.0% 21.5% 0.0% 63.1% 15.4% 0.0% 5.31 

SR22 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 16.7% 0.0% 5.75 

SR22 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 16.7% 0.0% 5.75 

TBM7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.90 

Source: Noise Monitoring Data from May 2008-August 2008 
HAS608 A-59 

Table A-23 

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 22 

Rwy 

17L 

Rwy 

17R 

Rwy 

35L 

Rwy 

35R 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time (mins 

AA5B 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 4.91 

A320 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

B712 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 4.91 

B722 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 5.82 

B733 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 4.91 

B735 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 4.91 

B737 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 6.68 

B738 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.40 

B752 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 5.83 

B762 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 6.68 

B763 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 7.72 

B772 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 6.68 

BE20 6.5% 4.3% 2.2% 76.1% 10.9% 0.0% 5.87 

B350 7.1% 2.4% 4.8% 73.8% 11.9% 0.0% 5.82 

BE36 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 92.3% 0.0% 0.0% 5.53 

BE40 15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 69.2% 15.4% 0.0% 5.68 

BE55 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 42.9% 42.9% 0.0% 6.21 

BE58 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

BE60 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.93 

BE90 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

BE9L 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 77.8% 11.1% 0.0% 5.81 

T38 21.3% 2.6% 0.0% 64.5% 11.6% 0.0% 5.73 

CL30 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

CL60 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 60.0% 40.0% 0.0% 6.00 

EA50 4.5% 0.0% 0.0% 77.3% 18.2% 0.0% 5.74 

C182 6.3% 0.0% 12.5% 75.0% 6.3% 0.0% 5.76 

C206 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C208 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 16.7% 0.0% 5.74 

C210 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 70.0% 10.0% 0.0% 5.91 

C310 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C340 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C414 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C421 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 83.3% 8.3% 0.0% 5.75 

C421 0.0% 0.0% 8.3% 83.3% 8.3% 0.0% 5.75 

C441 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C500 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 66.7% 0.0% 6.30 

C525 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

C25B 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 8.3% 0.0% 5.57 

C550 7.7% 7.7% 0.0% 69.2% 15.4% 0.0% 6.03 

C560 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 55.6% 22.2% 0.0% 5.73 

C56X 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 42.9% 57.1% 0.0% 6.19 

C650 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 12.5% 0.0% 5.66 

C680 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 
HAS608 A-60 

Table A-23 (concluded)

RUNWAY UTILIZATION AND AVERAGE TAXI OUT TIME BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Runway Utilization 

Aircraft 

Type Rwy 4 Rwy 22 

Rwy 

17L 

Rwy 

17R 

Rwy 

35L 

Rwy 

35R 

Average 

Taxi Out 

Time (mins 

C750 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

AC90 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

CARJ 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 6.68 

DC9 14.3% 14.3% 0.0% 28.6% 42.9% 0.0% 6.60 

DC9 14.3% 14.3% 0.0% 28.6% 42.9% 0.0% 6.60 

E135 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 5.83 

E145 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 71.4% 28.6% 0.0% 5.87 

FA10 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 5.83 

F2TH 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

FA50 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

F900 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

G159 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

GLF2 26.1% 0.0% 0.0% 56.5% 17.4% 0.0% 5.67 

GLF4 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 77.8% 11.1% 0.0% 5.81 

GLF5 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

ASTR 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

H25B 10.5% 0.0% 0.0% 73.7% 15.8% 0.0% 5.70 

WW24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

L29B 12.5% 12.5% 0.0% 62.5% 12.5% 0.0% 6.19 

L29A 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 6.68 

LJ24 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.48 

LJ25 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.93 

LJ31 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 6.11 

LJ35 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

LJ40 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.93 

LJ45 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

LJ55 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 6.98 

LJ60 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.40 

T38 21.3% 2.6% 0.0% 64.5% 11.6% 0.0% 5.73 

T38 21.3% 2.6% 0.0% 64.5% 11.6% 0.0% 5.73 

T38 21.3% 2.6% 0.0% 64.5% 11.6% 0.0% 5.73 

M20P 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 71.4% 28.6% 0.0% 5.87 

MU2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 5.93 

P180 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

PA24 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 4.91 

PA32 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 5.71 

PA30 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

PA31 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

PA31 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

PA32 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 5.71 

PA34 8.3% 8.3% 0.0% 83.3% 0.0% 0.0% 5.88 

PA44 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

PA46 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 16.7% 0.0% 5.74 

PC12 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 66.7% 0.0% 6.30 

PRM1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

SW3 6.5% 0.0% 0.0% 87.1% 6.5% 0.0% 5.61 

SBR1 12.1% 6.1% 0.0% 69.7% 12.1% 0.0% 5.91 

SR20 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.40 

SR22 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 75.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.48 

TBM7 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.55 

Source: Noise Monitoring Data from May 2008-August 2008 
HAS608 A-61 

A.3.2 Future Taxi times 

For IAH, future-year aircraft taxi times were based on a demand/capacity analysis. 

This relationship was used to compute delay based on aircraft demand from the TAF 

for the emissions inventory study years as shown in Table A-24. An average unimpeded 

taxi in and taxi out time for the airport was determined based on a weighed average of 

the runway utilization and the estimated travel distance between each runway and the 

terminal. These projected taxi times account for the construction of Runway 8C/26C 

and 9R/27L and several taxiway improvements by 2017. 

Table A-24 

DELAY-DEMAND RELATIONSHIP AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Annual 

Operations 

Annual Average 

Delay 

(min/operation) 

% increase in 

Annual Average 

Delay 

2005 551,784   9.60   

2011 590,523   10.27 107%

2014 639,145   11.12 116%

2017 686,150   11.94 124%

2018 702,953   12.23 127%

Source: Derived from delay-demand relationship from 2006 Master Plan 

and FAA 2008 TAF. 

Tables A-25 and A-26 show the computed future-year projections of taxi in and taxi out 

times for IAH. 
HAS608 A-62 

Table A-25 

TAXI IN TIMES BY RUNWAY AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi in Time (min) 

Year Delay 

Travel 

Time Total 

2005 2.70 6.00 8.70

2011 2.89 6.20 9.09

2014 3.13 6.20 9.33

2017 3.36 5.25 8.61

2018 3.44 5.25 8.69

Source: FAA Aviation System Performance 

Metrics, 2006 DMJM George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 

Table A-26 

TAXI OUT TIMES BY RUNWAY AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year Delay Travel Time Total 

2005 6.90 13.90 20.80

2011 7.38 14.43 21.81

2014 7.99 14.43 22.42

2017 8.58 8.48 17.06

2018 8.79 8.48 17.27

Source FAA Aviation System Performance 

Metrics, 2006 DMJM George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport Master Plan. 

A demand/capacity analysis was conducted linking aircraft delay as a function of 

demand at HOU. The delay represented the average annual delay for the entire 

airfield. Based on the demand/capacity analysis, a relationship was derived between 

demand and delay as shown in Table A-27. This relationship was projected to compute 

delay based on aircraft demand from the TAF for the SIP Demonstration and 

Attainment years. The increase in the aircraft delay was added to the baseline taxi 
HAS608 A-63 

times to estimate future taxi times. It was assumed that the taxi delay component 

increased proportionally with total airfield delay. Table A-28 shows the future 

projections of taxi times at HOU. 

Table A-27 

DELAY-DEMAND RELATIONSHIP AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Annual 

Operations 

Annual Average 

Delay 

(mins/operation)

Percent increase 

in Annual 

Average Delay 

2005 241,904 0.75

2006 238,606 0.69  ‐8.2%

2007 240,044 0.72  ‐4.7%

2008 223,612 0.47  ‐37.8%

2009 229,481 0.55  ‐27.6%

2010 229,195 0.54  ‐28.1%

2011 231,819 0.58  ‐23.1%

2012 234,473 0.62  ‐17.6%

2013 237,159 0.67  ‐11.6%

2014 239,879 0.72  ‐5.1%

2015 243,692 0.79 4.8%

2016 247,577 0.87 15.9%

2017 251,524 0.97 28.4%

2018 255,543 1.08 42.6%

Source: Derived from delay-demand relationship from 2003 Master Plan. 
HAS608 A-64 

Table A-28 

FUTURE TAXI TIMES BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Aircraft Taxi In Time (mins) Taxi Out Time (mins) 

Type 2011 2014 2017 2018 2011 2014 2017 2018 

AA5B 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 10.73 10.15 10.60

A319 4.20 3.95 4.14 4.49 4.64 8.74 8.16 8.61

B712 4.48 4.23 4.42 4.77 4.92 9.57 8.99 9.44

B732 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 8.99 8.40 8.86

B733 4.47 4.23 4.42 4.77 4.92 9.13 8.55 9.00

B735 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.17 8.59 9.04

B737 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.18 8.60 9.05

B738 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.36 8.78 9.23

B739 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 8.74 8.16 8.61

B742 4.03 3.79 3.98 4.33 4.48 9.74 9.15 9.61

B752 4.44 4.20 4.38 4.74 4.88 9.48 8.89 9.35

B753 4.09 3.85 4.04 4.39 4.54 9.72 9.14 9.59

B461 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 9.72 9.14 9.59

BE10 4.48 4.23 4.42 4.77 4.92 9.62 9.04 9.49

B190 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.72 9.14 9.59

BE20 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.46 8.88 9.33

B350 4.48 4.23 4.42 4.77 4.92 9.55 8.97 9.42

BE36 4.32 4.07 4.26 4.61 4.76 9.51 8.93 9.38

BE40 4.48 4.24 4.43 4.78 4.93 9.53 8.95 9.41

BE55 4.54 4.30 4.48 4.84 4.99 9.27 8.69 9.15

BE58 4.52 4.27 4.46 4.81 4.96 9.33 8.74 9.20

BE60 4.66 4.41 4.60 4.95 5.10 9.37 8.79 9.25

BE90 4.51 4.27 4.46 4.81 4.96 9.66 9.08 9.53

BE9T 4.42 4.18 4.37 4.72 4.87 9.36 8.78 9.23

B222 3.51 3.27 3.46 3.81 3.96 10.36 9.78 10.23

CL30 4.51 4.27 4.45 4.81 4.96 9.46 8.88 9.33

CL60 4.49 4.25 4.44 4.79 4.94 9.56 8.98 9.43

C172 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.80 9.22 9.67

C182 4.34 4.10 4.28 4.64 4.79 9.30 8.72 9.17

C206 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.23 8.65 9.10

C208 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.62 9.04 9.49

C210 4.64 4.39 4.58 4.93 5.08 9.68 9.10 9.55

C310 4.63 4.39 4.58 4.93 5.08 9.56 8.98 9.43

C340 4.39 4.15 4.34 4.69 4.84 9.39 8.81 9.26

C414 4.54 4.30 4.49 4.84 4.99 9.53 8.95 9.40

C421 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.49 8.91 9.36

C425 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 8.99 8.40 8.86

C441 4.55 4.31 4.49 4.85 4.99 9.24 8.65 9.11

C500 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.62 9.04 9.50

C501 4.56 4.32 4.51 4.86 5.01 9.58 9.00 9.45

C25A 4.48 4.24 4.43 4.78 4.93 9.69 9.10 9.56

C550 4.48 4.23 4.42 4.77 4.92 9.53 8.95 9.40

C551 4.65 4.40 4.59 4.94 5.09 9.13 8.55 9.00
HAS608 A-65 

Table A-28 (continued)

FUTURE TAXI TIMES BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi In Time (mins) Taxi Out Time (mins) 

Aircraft Type 2011 2014 2017 2018 2011 2014 2017 2018 

C560 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.44 8.86 9.31

C56X 4.45 4.21 4.40 4.75 4.90 9.29 8.71 9.16

C650 4.47 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.50 8.92 9.37

C680 4.58 4.34 4.53 4.88 5.03 9.35 8.77 9.22

C750 4.47 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.38 8.80 9.26

AC90 4.45 4.21 4.40 4.75 4.90 9.28 8.70 9.15

CRJ2 4.50 4.26 4.44 4.80 4.94 9.72 9.14 9.59

CRJ7 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.72 9.14 9.59

DC9 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.72 9.14 9.59

DH8A 4.55 4.31 4.50 4.85 5.00 8.74 8.16 8.61

D328 4.50 4.26 4.45 4.80 4.95 9.71 9.13 9.58

E135 4.53 4.29 4.47 4.83 4.97 9.63 9.05 9.50

E145 4.47 4.23 4.42 4.77 4.92 9.61 9.03 9.48

FA10 4.58 4.34 4.53 4.88 5.03 9.63 9.05 9.50

F2TH 4.43 4.18 4.37 4.73 4.87 9.48 8.90 9.35

FA20 4.43 4.19 4.38 4.73 4.88 9.43 8.85 9.30

FA50 4.40 4.15 4.34 4.69 4.84 9.51 8.93 9.38

F900 4.48 4.24 4.42 4.78 4.92 9.49 8.91 9.36

GLEX 4.49 4.25 4.44 4.79 4.94 9.56 8.97 9.43

H25C 4.59 4.35 4.53 4.89 5.03 9.68 9.10 9.55

G150 4.48 4.24 4.42 4.78 4.92 9.33 8.75 9.20

GLF2 4.43 4.19 4.37 4.73 4.88 9.57 8.99 9.44

GALX 4.45 4.20 4.39 4.75 4.89 9.28 8.70 9.15

GLF3 4.51 4.27 4.46 4.81 4.96 9.67 9.09 9.54

GLF4 4.45 4.20 4.39 4.74 4.89 9.50 8.92 9.37

GLF5 4.52 4.28 4.47 4.82 4.97 9.37 8.79 9.24

HA4T 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 9.72 9.14 9.59

ASTR 4.43 4.19 4.37 4.73 4.88 9.53 8.95 9.40

H25A 4.52 4.28 4.47 4.82 4.97 9.62 9.04 9.49

H25B 4.46 4.22 4.41 4.76 4.91 9.48 8.90 9.35

WW24 4.50 4.26 4.45 4.80 4.95 9.55 8.97 9.42

JS31 4.20 3.95 4.14 4.49 4.64 9.23 8.65 9.10

L29A 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.72 9.14 9.59

LJ24 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.48 8.89 9.35

LJ25 4.42 4.18 4.37 4.72 4.87 9.47 8.89 9.35

LJ31 4.50 4.25 4.44 4.80 4.94 9.27 8.68 9.14

LJ35 4.45 4.21 4.40 4.75 4.90 9.40 8.82 9.27

LJ40 4.40 4.16 4.35 4.70 4.85 9.56 8.98 9.43

LJ45 4.51 4.27 4.45 4.81 4.96 9.60 9.02 9.47

LJ55 4.47 4.22 4.41 4.77 4.91 9.29 8.71 9.16

LJ60 4.50 4.26 4.44 4.80 4.94 9.47 8.89 9.34

MD11 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 10.36 9.78 10.23

MD80 4.51 4.27 4.46 4.81 4.96 9.59 9.01 9.46
HAS608 A-66 

Table A-28 (concluded)

FUTURE TAXI TIMES BY AIRCRAFT TYPE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Taxi In Time (mins) Taxi Out Time (mins) 

Aircraft Type 2011 2014 2017 2018 2011 2014 2017 2018 

MD83 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 10.36 9.78 10.23

C130 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 10.36 9.78 10.23

M20P 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.37 8.78 9.24

MU2 4.59 4.35 4.54 4.89 5.04 9.74 9.15 9.61

MU30 4.36 4.12 4.31 4.66 4.81 9.40 8.82 9.27

P180 4.42 4.18 4.37 4.72 4.87 9.47 8.89 9.34

PA23 3.51 3.27 3.46 3.81 3.96 10.36 9.78 10.23

PA24 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 10.36 9.78 10.23

PA28 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 8.74 8.16 8.61

PA30 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.72 9.14 9.59

PA31 4.06 3.82 4.00 4.36 4.50 9.39 8.81 9.26

PAY1 4.50 4.26 4.45 4.80 4.95 9.72 9.14 9.59

PA32 3.51 3.27 3.46 3.81 3.96 9.33 8.75 9.20

PA34 4.44 4.19 4.38 4.74 4.88 9.82 9.23 9.69

PAY4 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.55 8.97 9.42

P46T 4.40 4.16 4.34 4.70 4.85 9.52 8.94 9.39

PC12 4.48 4.24 4.43 4.78 4.93 9.34 8.75 9.21

PRM1 4.51 4.26 4.45 4.80 4.95 9.58 9.00 9.46

SJ30 3.51 3.27 3.46 3.81 3.96 10.73 10.15 10.60

SW3 4.41 4.17 4.36 4.71 4.86 9.38 8.80 9.25

SBR1 4.49 4.24 4.43 4.78 4.93 9.74 9.15 9.61

SR20 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 8.74 8.16 8.61

SR22 4.65 4.41 4.60 4.95 5.10 9.46 8.87 9.33

TBM7 4.67 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.12 9.28 8.69 9.15

TRIN 3.72 3.48 3.67 4.02 4.17 10.36 9.78 10.23

The taxi time delay at EFD is insignificant. The delay is not expected to increase in the 

future. The baseline taxi times were assumed to remain constant thru future years at 

EFD. 
Appendix B 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

AUXILIARY POWER UNITS 
HAS608 B-1 

Appendix B 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM AUXILIARY POWER UNITS 

B.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and data 

used for estimating emissions from auxiliary power units for the development of the 

8-hour ozone SIP for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) nonattainment area. The 

APU usage depends on (1) PCA equipage at the gate (2) time that an aircraft is parked 

at the gate (known as gate occupancy time) and (3) duration (based on ambient 

temperature) that an APU would operate. 

The APU times were segregated by airline/aircraft type depending on the gate 

occupancy time for that airline/aircraft type combination. 

B.2 PCA EQUIPAGE AT THE GATES 

B.2.1 Baseline Year 

A gate survey was done in October 2008 at IAH and HOU to determine the extent of 

PCA usage at HOU and IAH. In 2008, all gates at IAH were fitted with PCA units and 

all aircraft parked at the gates utilized PCA. It was confirmed that the same was the 

case in 2005. At HOU, all gates have PCA in 2008. In 2005, 5 out of 23 gates were 

equipped with PCA. 

B.2.2 Future Years 

As stated earlier, all gates at IAH and HOU are equipped with PCA in 2008. Based on a 

life cycle of 15 years for a PCA unit, two PCA units were assumed to retire every year. 

Table B-1 and B-2 show the number of gates equipped with PCA in the future at IAH 

and HOU respectively. 
HAS608 B-2 

Table B-1 

PCA USAGE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Number of PCA 

equipped Gates 

Total Number 

of Gates 

Percent of Gates 

Equipped 

2005 154 154 100% 

2011 99 169 58% 

2014 72 178 41% 

2017 45 187 24% 

2018 35 189 19% 

Retiring rate – 12 PCA units per year. 

Table B-2 

PCA USAGE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year 

Number of PCA 

equipped Gates 

Total Number 

of Airline 

Gates 

% of Gates 

Equipped 

2005 5 23 26.1% 

2011 19 25 76.0% 

2014 13 25 52.0% 

2017 7 25 28.0% 

2018 5 25 20.0% 

Retiring rate – 2 PCA units per year. 
HAS608 B-3 

B.3 GATE OCCUPANCY TIME 

This represents the total time that an aircraft spends at a gate. The gate occupancy times 

were derived from the 2005 schedule for commercial scheduled operations from the 

OAG. Jacobs Consultancy’s proprietary flight matching software was used to match 

flights to determine the gate occupancy for each LTO. The flight matching software 

matches every arrival with a corresponding departure based on a combination of many 

flight attributes. In order to accurately match flights, a combination of airline operator, 

aircraft type and flight number were used . The difference between the scheduled 

arrival and departure time is an estimate of the gate occupancy time. The aircraft was 

assumed to remain at the gate during the entire period. The turnaround times were 

capped at 60 minutes for aircraft overnighting in Houston. The gate occupancy times by 

airline and aircraft type are provided in section 4 of the report. 

B.4 TEMPERATURE 

Typically, APU are used at temperatures above 55°F and below 35°F. In order to 

determine the proportion of time during the day that an APU operates, five years of 

temperature data at IAH was analyzed. The number of hours during 6 AM and 11 PM 

that the temperature was between 35°F and 55°F was totaled and the proportion of 

hours as a ratio to the total hours available was determined. It was assumed that the 

temperature didn’t vary across the three airports. 

Table B-3 

APU TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Hours Annual Ozone Season 

Total Number of Hours (6 AM – 11 PM) 30,804 23,347 

Number of Hours between 35°F and 55°F 4,870 2,016 

Percent of Hours between 35°F and 55°F 15.81% 8.63% 

Source: Meteorological data from 2003 to 2007 for IAH. 

B.5 APU TIMES COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY 

If a gate is equipped with PCA, then the FAA recommended assumption for the 

operating time of an aircraft’s APU at that gate is 7 minutes per LTO. If not, then it’s a 

function of the gate occupancy and the temperature. For non-PCA gates, the APU was 

assumed to be operating for the entire gating occupancy time. However, the gate 

occupancy times were capped at 60 minutes for aircraft overnighting at the airport. 
HAS608 B-4 

The APU time is the weighted average of the gate occupancy times of the proportion of 

gates that don’t have PCA with the proportion of gates that have PCA. The FAA 

recommendation of 7 minutes of APU operating time is used for gates with PCA units. 

The equation below illustrates the computation of APU operating time for each 

airline/aircraft combination. 

The APU time is the weighted average of the gate occupancy times of the proportion of 

gates that don’t have PCA with the proportion of gates that have PCA. The FAA 

recommendation of 7 minutes of APU operating time is used for gates with PCA units. 

The equation below illustrates the computation of APU operating time for each 

airline/aircraft combination. 

APUairline / aircraft (% ×= APUPCA default + − ×GatePCA _)%1() Occupancyairline / aircraft 1( −× Temperaturepr)

Where: APUairline/aircraft = APU operating time per LTO for that 

 airline/aircraft combination 

 % PCA = Proportion of gates that are equipped with PCA 

 (for example 43.3% at HOU in 2005) 

 APUdefault = 7 minutes per LTO (Based on FAA guidance) 

 Gate_Occupancyairline/aircraft = Turnaround time for each airline/aircraft 

 combination 

 Temperaturepr = Proportion of hours that temperature is between 

 between 35°F and 55°F 
Appendix C 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 
HAS608 C-1 

Appendix C 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 

C.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and data 

needs for estimating emissions from ground support equipment for the development of 

the 8-hour ozone SIP for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) nonattainment area. 

GSE activity was segregated into two location categories: 

• GSE activity within the vicinity of the aircraft - This category accounts for all 

GSE activity within the immediate vicinity of the aircraft (servicing the aircraft) 

on the ground. The EDMS activity-based method was used to model all activity 

around an aircraft. 

• GSE activity beyond the vicinity of the aircraft – This activity occurs beyond the 

immediate vicinity of aircraft in direct support of an aircraft operation—either 

traveling to the gate or transporting items and materials. The EDMS 

population-based method was used to model all activity beyond the vicinity of 

an aircraft. 

C.2 GSE ACTIVITY WITHIN THE VICINITY OF THE AIRCRAFT 

C.2.1 Time in Mode Survey 

A time-in-mode survey (TiM) was performed at IAH and HOU to capture relevant 

operating times for each type of GSE equipment. The TiM represents the total time each 

category of GSE spends servicing an aircraft during a complete LTO cycle. Real-time 

observations were made to record the actual GSE serving times. Table C-1 and C-2 

show the operating time measurements by GSE category. 

The measurements represent GSE usage times during a series of weekdays during third 

quarter 2008. This usage time was deemed to be representative of typical aircraft 

servicing times. The total GSE activity is determined by multiplying the GSE operating 

time per aircraft operation by the annual aircraft operations. Individual aircraft 

operations vary from year to year, but the GSE operating times for the different aircraft 

types should remain relatively constant. 
HAS608 C-2 

Table C-1 

TIME IN MODE SURVEY AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Operator 

Aircraft 

Type 

Bag 

Tractor 

Belt 

Loaders 

Catering 

Truck 

Fuel 

Truck

Aircraft 

Tractor 

Lavatory 

Truck 

Container 

Loader 

Cargo 

Loader

Passenger 

Stand Generator 

Narrow body 

AA MD82 20 30 18 5 25 UA A319 16 17 17 5 

NW A319 12 56 14 9 NW A319 23 59 14 9 

US 737-3 14 35 13 5 US 737-4 22 34 24 5 22 

FR A319 18 30 15 5 13 

AA MD82 26 26 7 6 14 AA MD82 20 30 16 5 11 

CO 737-9 20 30 3 CO 737-9 16 17 4 CO 737-9 12 56 4 CO 757 23 59 6 

Wide body

LH 747-4 75 70 100 40 5 30 68 68 70 

AF 777 110 95 129 72 5 60 94 94 90 

KLM 747 130 66 90 50 5 46 68 68 58 KLM 747-4 62 95 118 48 5 50 80 80 35 

SQ 777 87 120 87 35 5 38 135 135 110 SQ 777 96 155 198 68 5 56 125 125 115 

LH 747 63 74 93 35 5 27 70 70 70 

CO 777 90 9 CO 777 85 10 CO 767-2 61 8 CO 767-2 58 8 

Notes: All observations in minutes. Only fuel trucks/carts modeled for COA and SWA. Based on available information, it was assum

trucks were owned/operated by COA in 2005. In future years, COA will own/operate 100% of the fuel truck fleet. In 2005, Atlantic Av

trucks for SWA. In future scenarios, SWA owns and operates their own fuel trucks and thus wasn’t included as part of the emissions i
HAS608 C-3 

Table C-1 (continued)

TIME IN MODE SURVEY AT IAH HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Operator 

Aircraft 

Type 

Bag 

Tractor 

Belt 

Loaders 

Catering 

Truck 

Fuel 

Truck

Aircraft 

Tractor 

Lavatory 

Truck 

Container 

Loader 

Cargo 

Loader

Passenger 

Stand Generator 

Cargo 

UPS 757 60 5 70 70 

UPS 757 60 5 70 70 UPS A300 80 5 80 80 

SOO 747 60 5 90 90 

ABX 767 25 5 40 40 

Commuter

DL CRJ7 17 23 10 5 DL CRJ7 16 21 9 5 DL CRJ7 18 25 14 5 

NW CRJ6 7 23 12 9 NW CRJ6 6 20 11 8 NW CRJ6 6 23 9 8 

BTA EMB145 18 13 11 5 BTA EMB145 16 12 10 5 BTA EMB145 17 11 11 5 BTA EMB145 19 12 11 5 BTA EMB145 15 11 12 5 BTA EMB145 18 12 12 4 

General Aviation

FBO Cit III 20 20 FBO Avanti 17 25 FBO Cit XL 30 30 FBO Cit XL 26 25 FBO Ces 340 11 15 FBO Cit XL 25 15 

Notes: All observations in minutes. Only fuel trucks/carts modeled for COA and SWA. Based on available information, it was assum

trucks were owned/operated by COA in 2005. In future years, COA will own/operate 100% of the fuel truck fleet. In 2005, Atlantic Av

trucks for SWA. In future scenarios, SWA owns and operates their own fuel trucks and thus wasn’t included as part of the emissions in
HAS608 C-4 

Table C-2 

TIME IN MODE SURVEY AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Operator 

Aircraft 

Type 

Bag 

Tractor 

Belt 

Loaders 

Catering 

Truck 

Fuel 

Truck

Aircraft 

Tractor 

Lavatory 

Truck 

Container 

Loader 

Cargo 

Loader 

Passenger 

Stand Generator 

Narrow body 

WN 737 10 WN 737 12 

ATA 717 15 17 5 3 

WN 737 12 

ATA 717 18 24 15 4 

WN 737 12 

DL MD 82 10 30 9 6 

ATA 717 17 23 7 4 

WN 737-3 4 WN 737-7 8 WN 737-3 9 WN 737-3 12 WN 737-7 9 WN 737-7 8 

Commuter

DL EMB 170 10 21 8 4 DL EMB 170 13 25 7 4 

AA RJ200 11 24 8 5 

General Aviation

FBO Cit II 10 1 FBO Gulf IV 13 3 31 FBO Gulf V 16 FBO King 19 21 FBO Cit II 12 15 FBO Hawk800 12 41 

Notes: All observations in minutes. Only fuel trucks/carts modeled for COA and SWA. Based on available information, it was assume

were owned/operated by COA in 2005. In future years, COA will own/operate 100% of the fuel truck fleet. In 2005, Atlantic Aviation pSWA. In future scenarios, SWA owns and operates their own fuel trucks and thus wasn’t included as part of the emissions inventory in 
HAS608 C-5 

For GPU, annual hourly usage for 2005 was obtained from HAS staff. The annual usage 

was divided by the total number of passenger and cargo operations to obtain the 

average GPU usage per operation. Table C-3 shows the GPU usage at IAH. 

Table C-3 

GPU USAGE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Category Annual 

Total GPU Usage 23,059 

Total Commercial + Cargo Operations 530,585 

GPU Usage per operation 2.5 minutes 

C.2.2 GSE EQUIPMENT TYPES 

For each GSE category, the default GSE equipment type in EDMS was used to model 

emissions. Table C-4 shows the equipment size and emission parameters of the 

representative GSE equipment types for each GSE category. The equipment size and 

emission parameters are the defaults in EDMS. 

Table C-4 

GSE EQUIPMENT TYPES 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

GSE Category Equipment Horse Power Load Factor 

Bag Tug Stewart & Stevenson TUG MA 50 107.0 55% 

Belt Loaders Stewart & Stevenson TUG 660 107.0 50% 

Catering Truck Hi-Way F650 210.0 53% 

Fuel Truck Dukes Transportation Services / 

DART 8000 to 10,000 gallon 300.0 25% 

Push Back Tugs Stewart & Stevenson TUG T-750 475.0 80% 

Lavatory Trucks Stewart & Stevenson TUG T-750 235.0 25% 

Container Loaders FMC Commander 30 133.0 50% 

Cargo Loader FMC Commander 15 80.0 50% 

Air Stewart & Stevenson TUG MA 50 65.0 57% 

Generator Unknown 158.0 50% 

GPU Wollard TLS-770 / F350 71.0 75% 

Fuel Cart Wollard CMPS170 / CMPS228 235.0 70% 

Water Truck Stewart & Stevenson TUG 660 50.0 20% 
HAS608 C-6 

C.3 GSE ACTIVITY BEYOND THE VICINITY OF THE AIRCRAFT 

C.3.1 Distance Survey 

A distance survey was conducted to determine the distance traveled by different GSE 

types beyond the vicinity of the aircraft. Only the following GSE types were determined 

to have significant emissions beyond the vicinity of the aircraft and were quantified: 

• Push Back Tugs 

• Belt Loaders 

• Bag Tugs 

• Fuel Trucks 

The typical activities away from the aircraft are (1) bag tug distance from aircraft to 

aircraft transfer of bags (2) fuel truck trips to fueling tanks and back (3) push back tugs 

distance from the gate to the point on the taxiway/apron area where the aircraft was 

released. The average distances are shown in section 5 of the report. The distance was 

then quantified into an average usage in hours based on an average travel speed, which 

was assumed to be 10 mph. 

For fuel trucks, annual mileage for each truck was obtained from HAS staff. The values 

for each vehicle were added to get the total annual mileage. The mileage was converted 

to annual hours of equipment usage based on an average speed of 10 mph. Table C-5 

and C-6 shows the annual mileage data obtained from HAS for IAH and HOU. 
HAS608 C-7 

Table C-5 

FUEL TRUCK MILEAGE AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Fixed Based Operator Vehicle Type Fuel Type 

Annual 

Mileage 

(miles) 

Landmark Aviation Freightliner Diesel 720 

Landmark Aviation Inter Diesel 720 

Landmark Aviation Ramp Master Diesel 720 

Atlantic Aviation Inter Diesel 800 

Atlantic Aviation Inter Diesel 800 

Atlantic Aviation Ford Diesel 800 

Atlantic Aviation Ford Diesel 800 

Atlantic Aviation Volvo Diesel 800 

Allied Aviation Volvo Diesel 12,905 

Allied Aviation Volvo Diesel 12,905 

Allied Aviation International Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation GMC Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Sterling Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Dart Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Dart Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Dart Diesel 12,905 

Allied Aviation Ford Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Ford Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Ford Diesel 720 

Allied Aviation Isuzu Diesel 720 
HAS608 C-8 

Table C-6 

FUEL TRUCK MILEAGE AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Fixed Based Operator Vehicle Type Fuel Type 

Annual 

Mileage 

(miles) 

Million Air Sterling Diesel 3,000 

Million Air Sterling Diesel 3,000 

Million Air Sterling Diesel 3,000 

Million Air Isuzu Diesel 3,000 

Wilson Aviation Inter Diesel 500 

Wilson Aviation Inter Diesel 500 

Wilson Aviation Inter Diesel 500 

Signature Air Ford Diesel 750 

Signature Air Ford Diesel 750 

Signature Air Ford Diesel 750 

Enterprise Aviation Inter Diesel 200 

Signature Air Inter Diesel 200 

Signature Air Inter Diesel 200 

Atlantic Aviation Freightliner Diesel 500 

Atlantic Aviation Sterling Diesel 500 

Atlantic Aviation Ford Diesel 500 

Million Air Sterling Diesel 3,000 

Million Air Sterling Diesel 3,000 

Million Air Sterling Diesel 3,000 

The ozone season weekday mileage for fuel trucks was derived from the annual 

mileage based on the proportion of commercial scheduled operations occurring during 

that time period. 
Appendix D 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM PARKING FACILITIES 

AND TERMINAL CURBSIDES 
HAS608 D-1 

Appendix D 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM PARKING FACILITIES AND 

TERMINAL CURBSIDES 

D.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and data 

inputs used in estimating emissions from vehicular activity in on-airport parking lots 

for the development of the 8-hour ozone SIP for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) 

nonattainment area. All on-airport parking facilities, including public and employee 

lots, were accounted for. 

D.2 PARKING TRAFFIC VOLUMES 

D.2.1 Public Parking Lots 

Daily parking counts for the year 2005 were obtained from New South Parking—the 

private operator managing public parking lot operations at IAH. This was aggregated 

to annual (365-day) and ozone season (197-day) counts. 

Figure D-1 

2005 ANNUAL PUBLIC PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT IAH 

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

A‐B Garage C West Garage C East Garage D/E Garage City Economy Lot
HAS608 D-2 

Figure D-2 

2005 OZONE SEASON WEEKDAY PUBLIC PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT IAH 

Figure D-3 

2005 ANNUAL PUBLIC PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT HOU 

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

A‐B Garage C West Garage C East Garage D/E Garage City Economy Lot

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Economy Lot Long Term Garage Short Term Garage
HAS608 D-3 

Figure D-4 

2005 OZONE SEASON WEEKDAY PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT HOU 

D.2.2 Employee Parking Lots 

24-hour parking counts were conducted for one weekday in October 2008 for the bigger 

parking lots. It was assumed that other parking lots had similar parking activity 

relative to capacity. This ratio was applied to the total number of parking spaces to 

obtain parking activity for the other lots. Annual and ozone season parking counts 

were estimated by multiplying the daily counts with number of days in an annual and 

ozone season, respectively. 

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

Economy Lot Long Term Garage Short Term Garage
HAS608 D-4 

Table D-1 

DAILY EMPLOYEE PARKING LOT ENTRANCES AND EXITS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot 24 hour Count 

Number of Parking 

Spaces 

Terminal A Rooftop 2,176 (a) 758 

Terminal A West 459 (b) 160 

Terminal B East 765 (b) 289 

Terminal B Rooftop 1,978 (a) 747 

(a) 24 hour tube count for one weekday in October 2008. 

(b) Estimated based on parking occupancy/counts at other lots. 

Table D-2 

DAILY EMPLOYEE PARKING LOT ENTRANCES AND EXITS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot 24 hour Count (a) 

Cargo Lot 2 1,125 

Employee Lot 1 2,182 

Management Lot 499 

Source: 24 hour tube count for one weekday 

in October 2008. 
HAS608 D-5 

Table D-3 

DAILY EMPLOYEE PARKING LOT ENTRANCES AND EXITS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot Daily Total 

HAS Airport Services 72 (b)

HAS Multi-tenant Parking 1355 (b)

HAS Parking Lot 230 (b)

Military Joint Reservation 19 (b)

NASA Lot 344 (b)

NASA Main Lot 172 (b)

NASA North Lot 316 (b)

Southwest Lot 30 (a)

Texas ANG Lot 100 (a)

Volo Aviation 0 

(a) Source: Daily total obtained from HAS 

(b) Estimated based on parking occupancy/counts at other lots. 

D.2.3 Rental Car Lots 

The emission generating vehicular activity at rental car parking lots comes from rental 

cars and shuttles. At IAH, 24-hour parking counts were done for one weekday in 

October 2008 to determine daily rental car and shuttle bus activity at the consolidated 

rental car facility. There were 18,560 rental cars and 1,375 shuttle bus trips daily. 

At HOU, only on-airport rental car lots are included in the inventory. The rental car 

activity was derived from daily transactions for the three on-Airport rental car lots. The 

shuttle trips were derived from the peak hour numbers from the 2003 HOU Master 

Plan. A total of 75 shuttle trips take place in the peak hour. It was assumed that trips are 

divided evenly among the six rental car operators (3 on-airport and remaining offairport). The shuttles were assumed to operate for 14 hours a day. The daily count was 

annualized by multiplying by 365 days in the year. 
HAS608 D-6 

Table D-4 

DAILY RENTAL CAR PARKING LOT TRAFFIC AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Parking Lot 24 hour Count 

Avis Rental Car 300 (a)

Avis Shuttle 187 (b)

Budget Rental Car 200 (a)

Budget Shuttle 187 (b)

National Rental Car 150 (a)

National Shuttle 187 (b)

(a) Daily transaction from 2003 HOU Master Plan. 

(b) Peak hour volumes from 2003 HOU Master Plan. 

D.2.4 Taxicab Lot 

Monthly data for taxicab trips at HOU were obtained from the Airport. The monthly 

data was totaled to get annual trips for 2005. Figure D-5 shows the monthly taxicab 

trips for 2005. 

Figure D-5 

2005 ANNUAL TAXICAB LOT TRAFFIC AT HOU 

‐

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

Janurary

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December
HAS608 D-7 

D.3 COMPUTATION OF PARKING/CURBSIDE EMISSION FACTORS 

To account for local air quality agency input requirements (i.e., local temperatures and 

Inspection Maintenance programs, among others), the latest version of MOBILE6.2 was 

used outside EDMS to calculate speed-dependant emission factors for on-road motor 

vehicles in Harris County. MOBILE6.2 uses average vehicle travel speed and vehicle 

class distribution data to produce emission factors in units of grams per vehicle-mile for 

CO, VOCs, NOx, SO2

, PM10, and PM2.5. 

Speed-dependant emission factors were computed for various speeds for use on the 

parking facilities at each of the airports. Emission factors were developed separately for 

calendar years 2005, 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2018. 

Passenger vehicles were modeled as a mixture of Light Duty Gas Vehicles (LDGV), 

Light Duty Gas Trucks (LDGT), and Light Duty Diesel Vehicles (LDDV). Shuttle vans 

were modeled as Light Duty Diesel Truck (LDDT) 2. 

Emission factors were input into EDMS in grams/vehicle. Emission factors from 

MOBILE6.2 were transformed into grams/vehicle based on a combination of idle time 

emission factor and the emission factor associated with the average speed of vehicles in 

the parking lot. The parking emission factors for IAH, HOU and EFD are shown in 

Table D-5 through D-9, D-10 through D-14 and D-15 through D-19, respectively. 

The equation shown below was used to transform emission factors (in grams per 

vehicle-mile) obtained from MOBILE 6.2 into those used by EDMS for parking facilities 

(in grams per vehicle). 

EFp,f = the emission factor for pollutant, p, (in grams per vehicle) for facility, f

df = distance (in meters) the average vehicle travels within facility, f, 

EFp,speed,f = the emission factor for pollutant, p, (in grams per vehicle-mile) for 

vehicles traveling at the speed specified for facility, f

tf = time (in minutes) the average vehicle spends idling in facility, f

EFp,2.5 = the emission factor for pollutant, p, (in grams per vehicle-mile) for 

vehicles traveling at 2.5 miles per hour 

1,609.344 = the number of meters per mile (exact) 

2.5 = the speed (in miles per hour) at which the idle emission factor is 

modeled 

60 = the number of minutes in an hour 
HAS608 D-8 

Table D-5a 

2005 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

A-B Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 639 1.50 5.2118 0.8088 0.5139 0.0079 

Air Cargo 1 Buses Transit Bus 10 638 1.50 5.6142 0.5662 10.4075 0.2503 

Air Cargo 1 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 638 1.50 4.5273 0.6333 8.6888 0.1657 

Air Cargo 2 Buses Transit Bus 10 625 1.50 5.5262 0.5569 10.2352 0.2459 

Air Cargo 2 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 625 1.50 4.4563 0.6229 8.5439 0.1628 

Air Cargo Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 638 1.50 5.2064 0.8082 0.5133 0.0079 

Air Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 625 1.50 5.1312 0.7989 0.5050 0.0078 

C East Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 732 1.50 5.7596 0.8762 0.5746 0.0090 

C West Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 1003 1.50 7.3530 1.0721 0.7511 0.0119 

City Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1015 1.50 7.4229 1.0807 0.7589 0.0120 

City Economy Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2145 4.00 2.3993 1.1957 1.8673 0.1194 

Continental Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1097 1.50 7.9045 1.1399 0.8122 0.0129 

Continental Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 1692 2.00 1.7729 0.8919 1.3958 0.0903 

CRC Center Light Duty Vehicle 10 2229 1.50 14.5537 1.9576 1.5490 0.0250 CRC Shuttle Transit Bus 10 250 4.00 4.9946 0.4615 8.2233 0.1756 D/E Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.50 6.6620 0.9872 0.6746 0.0106 

Terminal A Rooftop Light Duty Vehicle 10 823 1.50 6.2932 0.9418 0.6337 0.0099 

Terminal A West Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 1.50 2.9811 0.5345 0.2667 0.0039 Terminal B East Light Duty Vehicle 10 382 1.50 3.7008 0.6230 0.3465 0.0052 Terminal B Rooftop Light Duty Vehicle 10 823 1.50 6.2932 0.9418 0.6337 0.0099 Misc Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 1062 1.50 7.6977 1.1145 0.7893 0.0125 
HAS608 D-9 

Table D-5b 

2005 TERMINAL CURBSIDES EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/

Terminal Curbside Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx S

Terminal A Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 366 4.93 6.9436 1.4057 0.5605 0.Terminal A Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 366 1.58 3.8108 0.3754 6.8450 0.Terminal B Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 305 4.92 6.5740 1.3589 0.5200 0.Terminal B Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 305 1.50 3.3264 0.3257 5.9277 0.Terminal C Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 518 4.93 7.8412 1.5164 0.6598 0.Terminal C Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 518 2.16 5.3304 0.5259 9.5959 0.Terminal D Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 4.87 6.2552 1.3139 0.4869 0.Terminal D Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 259 1.92 3.3548 0.3221 5.8208 0.Terminal E Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 168 4.87 5.7179 1.2478 0.4274 0.Terminal E Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 168 2.33 3.0619 0.2848 5.0880 0.Terminal A Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 91 2.84 3.3041 0.7248 0.2456 0.Terminal A Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 91 1.34 1.7235 0.1599 2.8544 0.

Terminal B Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 122 2.84 3.4818 0.7465 0.2653 0.

Terminal B Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 122 1.34 1.9330 0.1819 3.2646 0.Terminal C Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 274 2.85 4.3831 0.8580 0.3649 0.Terminal C Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 274 1.24 2.9022 0.2853 5.1991 0.Terminal D Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 137 2.85 3.5798 0.7595 0.2758 0.Terminal D Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 137 1.66 2.2991 0.2154 3.8573 0.Terminal E Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 183 2.85 3.8464 0.7920 0.3054 0.Terminal E Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 183 1.21 2.2493 0.2172 3.9326 0.
HAS608 D-10 

Table D-6a 

2011 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

A-B Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 639 1.50 4.6914 0.5462 0.3402 0.0039 

Air Cargo 1 Buses Transit Bus 10 638 1.50 3.0448 0.2871 6.6835 0.0073 

Air Cargo 1 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 638 1.50 2.2732 0.4299 4.3210 0.0049 Air Cargo 2 Buses Transit Bus 10 625 1.50 2.9970 0.2824 6.5729 0.0072 

Air Cargo 2 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 625 1.50 2.2375 0.4229 4.2492 0.0048 Air Cargo Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 638 1.50 4.6866 0.5457 0.3398 0.0039 

Air Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 625 1.50 4.6190 0.5392 0.3343 0.0038 

C East Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 732 1.50 5.1841 0.5941 0.3804 0.0044 

C West Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 1003 1.50 6.6168 0.7332 0.4975 0.0058 

City Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1015 1.50 6.6796 0.7393 0.5026 0.0059 

City Economy Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2145 4.00 1.3210 0.5647 0.6393 0.0033 

Continental Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1097 1.50 7.1127 0.7814 0.5380 0.0063 

Continental Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 1692 2.00 0.9764 0.4214 0.4779 0.0025 

CRC Center Light Duty Vehicle 10 2229 1.50 13.0916 1.3622 1.0265 0.0123 CRC Shuttle Transit Bus 10 250 4.00 2.7088 0.2340 5.2832 0.0052 D/E Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.50 5.9954 0.6729 0.4467 0.0052 

Terminal A Rooftop Light Duty Vehicle 10 823 1.50 5.6638 0.6407 0.4196 0.0049 Terminal A West Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 1.50 2.6856 0.3514 0.1763 0.0019 Terminal B East Light Duty Vehicle 10 382 1.50 3.3327 0.4142 0.2292 0.0025 Terminal B Rooftop Light Duty Vehicle 10 823 1.50 5.6638 0.6407 0.4196 0.0049 Misc Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 1062 1.50 6.9268 0.7633 0.5228 0.0061 
HAS608 D-11 

Table D-6b 

2011 TERMINAL CURBSIDES EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/

Terminal Curbside Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx S

Terminal A Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 366 1.58 6.2601 0.9055 0.3698 0.

Terminal A Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 305 4.92 2.0667 0.1904 4.3963 0.Terminal B Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 305 1.50 5.9278 0.8725 0.3430 0.Terminal B Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 518 4.93 1.8040 0.1652 3.8072 0.Terminal C Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 518 2.16 7.0674 0.9841 0.4357 0.Terminal C Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 259 4.87 2.8909 0.2667 6.1630 0.Terminal D Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 1.92 5.6411 0.8415 0.3210 0.Terminal D Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 168 4.87 1.8194 0.1633 3.7389 0.Terminal E Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 168 2.33 5.1584 0.7947 0.2816 0.Terminal E Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 91 2.84 1.6605 0.1444 3.2688 0.Terminal A Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 91 1.34 2.9798 0.4610 0.1617 0.Terminal A Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 122 2.84 0.9347 0.0811 1.8338 0.Terminal B Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 122 1.34 3.1414 0.4767 0.1749 0.Terminal B Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 274 2.85 1.0483 0.0923 2.0972 0.Terminal C Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 274 1.24 3.9513 0.5557 0.2409 0.Terminal C Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 137 2.85 1.5739 0.1447 3.3392 0.Terminal D Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 137 1.66 3.2282 0.4856 0.1818 0.Terminal D Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 183 2.85 1.2469 0.1092 2.4780 0.Terminal E Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 183 1.21 3.4679 0.5088 0.2014 0.Terminal E Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 366 1.58 1.2199 0.1101 2.5260 0.
HAS608 D-12 

Table D-7a 

2014 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (gram

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx 

A-B Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 639 1.50 4.1217 0.4233 0.2588 Air Cargo 1 Buses Transit Bus 10 638 1.50 2.1697 0.2619 4.6289 

Air Cargo 1 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 638 1.50 1.5669 0.3768 3.0007 

Air Cargo 2 Buses Transit Bus 10 625 1.50 2.1357 0.2576 4.5523 Air Cargo 2 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 625 1.50 1.5423 0.3706 2.9509 

Air Cargo Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 638 1.50 4.1174 0.4230 0.2585 

Air Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 625 1.50 4.0579 0.4178 0.2543 C East Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 732 1.50 4.5552 0.4609 0.2894 

C West Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 1003 1.50 5.8159 0.5701 0.3783 

City Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1015 1.50 5.8712 0.5749 0.3822 

City Economy Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2145 4.00 1.1172 0.3833 0.3761 Continental Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1097 1.50 6.2522 0.6079 0.4091 

Continental Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 1692 2.00 0.8257 0.2860 0.2812 

CRC Center Light Duty Vehicle 10 2229 1.50 11.5135 1.0636 0.7805 

CRC Shuttle Transit Bus 10 250 4.00 1.9303 0.2135 3.6611 

D/E Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.50 5.2691 0.5227 0.3397 Terminal A Rooftop Light Duty Vehicle 10 823 1.50 4.9773 0.4974 0.3191 Terminal A West Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 1.50 2.3566 0.2704 0.1342 

Terminal B East Light Duty Vehicle 10 382 1.50 2.9261 0.3198 0.1744 

Terminal B Rooftop Light Duty Vehicle 10 823 1.50 4.9773 0.4974 0.3191 Will Clayton Remote Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 964 1.50 5.6313 0.5541 0.3653 

Will Clayton Remote Parking Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2036 4.00 1.0702 0.3667 0.3598 

Misc Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 1062 1.50 6.0887 0.5937 0.3976 
HAS608 D-13 

Table D-7b 

2014 TERMINAL CURBSIDES EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams

Terminal Curbside Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx S

Terminal A Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 366 4.93 5.4869 0.6931 0.2816 0.

Terminal A Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 366 1.58 1.4728 0.1736 3.0452 0.Terminal B Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 305 4.92 5.1946 0.6673 0.2613 0.Terminal B Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 305 1.50 1.2855 0.1507 2.6373 0.Terminal C Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 518 4.93 6.1976 0.7548 0.3317 0.

Terminal C Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 518 2.16 2.0600 0.2433 4.2689 0.

Terminal D Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 4.87 4.9424 0.6432 0.2446 0.Terminal D Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 259 1.92 1.2965 0.1490 2.5903 0.Terminal E Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 168 4.87 4.5179 0.6064 0.2146 0.Terminal E Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 168 2.33 1.1833 0.1317 2.2651 0.Terminal A Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 91 2.84 2.6102 0.3518 0.1233 0.

Terminal A Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 91 1.34 0.6661 0.0740 1.2708 0.

Terminal B Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 122 2.84 2.7514 0.3640 0.1333 0.

Terminal B Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 122 1.34 0.7470 0.0842 1.4531 0.Terminal C Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 274 2.85 3.4652 0.4262 0.1835 0.

Terminal C Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 274 1.24 1.1216 0.1320 2.3130 0.

Terminal D Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 137 2.85 2.8278 0.3710 0.1385 0.

Terminal D Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 137 1.66 0.8885 0.0996 1.7171 0.

Terminal E Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 183 2.85 3.0397 0.3893 0.1535 0.

Terminal E Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 183 1.21 0.8693 0.1005 1.7499 0.
HAS608 D-14 

Table D-8a 

2017 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx S

Air Cargo 1 Buses Transit Bus 10 638 1.50 1.4982 0.2490 2.9796 0.Air Cargo 1 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 638 1.50 1.1380 0.3360 1.9215 0.Air Cargo 2 Buses Transit Bus 10 625 1.50 1.4747 0.2449 2.9303 0.Air Cargo 2 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 625 1.50 1.1201 0.3305 1.8896 0.Air Cargo Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 638 1.50 3.7975 0.3609 0.2100 0.Air Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 625 1.50 3.7426 0.3565 0.2066 0.City Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1015 1.50 5.4167 0.4901 0.3105 0.City Economy Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2145 4.00 1.0354 0.3002 0.2714 0.Continental Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1097 1.50 5.7685 0.5182 0.3323 0.Continental Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 1692 2.00 0.7651 0.2240 0.2028 0.

CRC Center Light Duty Vehicle 10 2229 1.50 10.6259 0.9060 0.6337 0.CRC Shuttle Transit Bus 10 250 4.00 1.3329 0.2029 2.3576 0.8-Story Parking Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 1200 1.50 6.2093 0.5534 0.3597 0.Will Clayton Remote Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 964 1.50 5.1952 0.4725 0.2968 0.Will Clayton Remote Parking Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2036 4.00 0.9918 0.2872 0.2595 0.
HAS608 D-15 

Table D-8b 

2017 TERMINAL CURBSIDES EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams

Terminal Curbside Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx S

Terminal A Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 366 4.93 5.0531 0.5931 0.2294 0.

Terminal A Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 366 1.58 1.0170 0.1651 1.9604 0.

Terminal B Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 305 4.92 4.7835 0.5711 0.2129 0.

Terminal B Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 305 1.50 0.8877 0.1432 1.6978 0.

Terminal C Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 518 4.93 5.7092 0.6456 0.2701 0.

Terminal C Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 518 2.16 1.4225 0.2313 2.7482 0.

Terminal D Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 4.87 4.5506 0.5505 0.1993 0.

Terminal D Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 259 1.92 0.8953 0.1416 1.6677 0.

Terminal E Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 168 4.87 4.1587 0.5193 0.1750 0.

Terminal E Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 168 2.33 0.8171 0.1252 1.4586 0.

Terminal A Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 91 2.84 2.4026 0.3013 0.1005 0.

Terminal A Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 91 1.34 0.4599 0.0703 0.8183 0.Terminal B Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 122 2.84 2.5328 0.3116 0.1086 0.

Terminal B Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 122 1.34 0.5158 0.0800 0.9357 0.

Terminal C Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 274 2.85 3.1919 0.3645 0.1494 0.

Terminal C Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 274 1.24 0.7745 0.1254 1.4891 0.

Terminal D Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 137 2.85 2.6033 0.3175 0.1129 0.

Terminal D Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 137 1.66 0.6135 0.0947 1.1056 0.

Terminal E Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 183 2.85 2.7993 0.3332 0.1251 0.

Terminal E Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 183 1.21 0.6003 0.0955 1.1266 0.
HAS608 D-16 

Table D-9a 

2018 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (gram

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx 

Air Cargo 1 Buses Transit Bus 10 638 1.50 1.2548 0.2450 2.3957 

Air Cargo 1 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 638 1.50 0.9907 0.3243 1.5420 Air Cargo 2 Buses Transit Bus 10 625 1.50 1.2352 0.2410 2.3560 

Air Cargo 2 Trucks Heavy Duty Diesel Truck 10 625 1.50 0.9751 0.3190 1.5164 Air Cargo Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 638 1.50 2.4227 0.2714 0.1217 

Air Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 625 1.50 2.3872 0.2682 0.1197 

City Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1015 1.50 3.4691 0.3642 0.1797 

City Economy Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2145 4.00 1.0323 0.2941 0.2488 

Continental Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 1097 1.50 3.6965 0.3843 0.1922 

Continental Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 1692 2.00 0.7628 0.2194 0.1860 

8-Story Parking Garage Light Duty Vehicle 10 1200 1.50 3.9814 0.4096 0.2080 Will Clayton Remote Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 964 1.50 3.3260 0.3515 0.1717 

Will Clayton Remote Parking Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 2036 4.00 0.9889 0.2813 0.2380 CRC Center w/Expansion Light Duty Vehicle 10 0 0.00 7.4542 0.7174 0.4004 

CRC Shuttle w/Expansion Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 638 1.50 1.1548 0.2075 1.9723 
HAS608 D-17 

Table D-9b 

2018 TERMINAL CURBSIDES EMISSION FACTORS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/

Terminal Curbside Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx S

Terminal A Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 366 4.93 3.1615 0.4663 0.1339 0.

Terminal A Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 366 1.58 0.8518 0.1624 1.5761 0.

Terminal B Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 305 4.92 2.9875 0.4505 0.1244 0.

Terminal B Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 305 1.50 0.7435 0.1410 1.3649 0.

Terminal C Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 518 4.93 3.5855 0.5040 0.1574 0.

Terminal C Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 518 2.16 1.1914 0.2276 2.2094 0.

Terminal D Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 259 4.87 2.8381 0.4353 0.1165 0.

Terminal D Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 259 1.92 0.7499 0.1394 1.3406 0.

Terminal E Arrivals Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 168 4.87 2.5848 0.4129 0.1025 0.

Terminal E Arrivals Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 168 2.33 0.6844 0.1233 1.1723 0.

Terminal A Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 91 2.84 1.4925 0.2397 0.0589 0.

Terminal A Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 91 1.34 0.3852 0.0692 0.6577 0.

Terminal B Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 122 2.84 1.5768 0.2471 0.0636 0.

Terminal B Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 122 1.34 0.4320 0.0787 0.7521 0.

Terminal C Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 274 2.85 2.0025 0.2851 0.0871 0.

Terminal C Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 274 1.24 0.6487 0.1235 1.1971 0.

Terminal D Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 137 2.85 1.6222 0.2514 0.0660 0.

Terminal D Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 137 1.66 0.5139 0.0932 0.8887 0.

Terminal E Departures Auto/Taxi Light Duty Vehicle 10 183 2.85 1.7489 0.2626 0.0731 0.

Terminal E Departures Shuttles Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 183 1.21 0.5028 0.0940 0.9057 0.
HAS608 D-18 

Table D-10 

2005 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

Avis Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 332 1.5 3.411 0.587 0.314 0.005 Avis Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 332 1.5 0.463 0.224 0.348 0.021 Budget Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 199 1.5 2.628 0.491 0.228 0.003 Budget Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 186 1.5 0.328 0.155 0.239 0.014 Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 404 1.5 3.833 0.639 0.361 0.005 Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 599 1.5 4.975 0.78 0.488 0.008 Employee Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.5 6.664 0.987 0.675 0.011 Management Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 219 1.5 2.743 0.505 0.24 0.003 National Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 300 1.5 3.223 0.564 0.294 0.004 National Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 405 1.5 0.531 0.259 0.403 0.025 Parking Garage Long Light Duty Vehicle 10 405 1.5 3.84 0.64 0.362 0.005 Parking Garage Short Light Duty Vehicle 10 611 1.5 5.045 0.788 0.495 0.008 Taxicab Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 757 1.5 5.905 0.894 0.591 0.009 
HAS608 D-19 

Table D-11 

2011 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

Avis Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 332 1.5 3.072 0.389 0.208 0.002 Avis Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 332 1.5 0.255 0.106 0.119 0.001 Budget Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 199 1.5 2.368 0.321 0.15 0.002 Budget Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 186 1.5 0.18 0.073 0.082 0 Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 404 1.5 3.452 0.426 0.239 0.003 Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 599 1.5 4.479 0.526 0.323 0.004 Employee Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.5 5.997 0.673 0.447 0.005 Management Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 219 1.5 2.471 0.331 0.159 0.002 National Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 300 1.5 2.903 0.372 0.194 0.002 National Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 405 1.5 0.292 0.122 0.138 0.001 Parking Garage Long Light Duty Vehicle 10 405 1.5 3.458 0.426 0.239 0.003 Parking Garage Short Light Duty Vehicle 10 611 1.5 4.542 0.532 0.328 0.004 Taxicab Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 757 1.5 5.314 0.607 0.391 0.005 
HAS608 D-20 

Table D-12 

2014 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

Avis Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 332 1.5 2.697 0.3 0.158 0.002 Avis Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 332 1.5 0.215 0.072 0.07 0.001 Budget Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 199 1.5 2.078 0.246 0.114 0.002 Budget Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 186 1.5 0.152 0.05 0.048 0 Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 404 1.5 3.031 0.329 0.182 0.003 Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 599 1.5 3.935 0.407 0.246 0.004 Employee Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.5 5.271 0.523 0.34 0.005 Management Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 219 1.5 2.168 0.254 0.121 0.002 National Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 300 1.5 2.548 0.287 0.148 0.002 National Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 405 1.5 0.247 0.083 0.081 0.001 Parking Garage Long Light Duty Vehicle 10 405 1.5 3.037 0.329 0.182 0.003 Parking Garage Short Light Duty Vehicle 10 611 1.5 3.99 0.412 0.249 0.004 Taxicab Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 757 1.5 4.67 0.471 0.297 0.005 
HAS608 D-21 

Table D-13 

2017 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

Avis Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 332 1.5 2.486 0.256 0.129 0.002 Avis Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 332 1.5 0.2 0.056 0.051 0.001 Budget Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 199 1.5 1.914 0.211 0.093 0.002 Budget Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 186 1.5 0.141 0.039 0.035 0 Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 404 1.5 2.794 0.281 0.148 0.003 Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 599 1.5 3.629 0.347 0.2 0.004 Employee Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.5 4.862 0.446 0.276 0.005 Management Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 219 1.5 1.998 0.217 0.098 0.002 National Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 300 1.5 2.348 0.245 0.12 0.002 National Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 405 1.5 0.229 0.065 0.058 0.001 Parking Garage Long Light Duty Vehicle 10 405 1.5 2.8 0.281 0.148 0.003 Parking Garage Short Light Duty Vehicle 10 611 1.5 3.68 0.351 0.203 0.004 Taxicab Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 757 1.5 4.308 0.402 0.242 0.005 
HAS608 D-22 

Table D-14 

2018 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

Avis Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 332 1.5 1.575 0.196 0.075 0.002 Avis Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 332 1.5 0.199 0.055 0.046 0.001 Budget Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 199 1.5 1.205 0.163 0.054 0.002 Budget Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 186 1.5 0.141 0.038 0.032 0 Cargo Lot 2 Light Duty Vehicle 10 404 1.5 1.774 0.214 0.086 0.003 Economy Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 599 1.5 2.314 0.262 0.116 0.004 Employee Lot 1 Light Duty Vehicle 10 886 1.5 3.111 0.332 0.16 0.005 Management Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 219 1.5 1.26 0.168 0.057 0.002 National Rental Car Light Duty Vehicle 10 300 1.5 1.486 0.188 0.07 0.002 National Shuttle Light Duty Diesel Truck 10 405 1.5 0.228 0.064 0.054 0.001 Parking Garage Long Light Duty Vehicle 10 405 1.5 1.778 0.214 0.086 0.003 Parking Garage Short Light Duty Vehicle 10 611 1.5 2.347 0.265 0.117 0.004 Taxicab Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 757 1.5 2.752 0.301 0.14 0.005 
HAS608 D-23 

Table D-15 

2005 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

HAS Airport Services Light Duty Vehicle 10 53 1.5 1.773 0.386 0.133 0.002 

HAS Multi-tenant Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 73 1.5 1.887 0.4 0.146 0.002 HAS Parking Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 173 1.5 2.473 0.472 0.21 0.003 

Military Joint Reservation Light Duty Vehicle 10 161 1.5 2.406 0.464 0.203 0.003 

NASA Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 499 1.5 4.388 0.708 0.423 0.006 

NASA Main Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 48 1.5 1.74 0.382 0.129 0.002 

NASA North Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 45 1.5 1.724 0.38 0.127 0.002 Southwest Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 202 1.5 2.646 0.493 0.23 0.003 

Texas ANG Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 250 1.5 2.928 0.528 0.261 0.004 

Volo Aviation Light Duty Vehicle 10 84 1.5 1.953 0.408 0.153 0.002 
HAS608 D-24 

Table D-16 

2011 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

HAS Airport Services Light Duty Vehicle 10 53 1.5 1.599 0.246 0.088 0.001 

HAS Multi-tenant Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 73 1.5 1.702 0.256 0.096 0.001 

HAS Parking Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 173 1.5 2.228 0.307 0.139 0.001 

Military Joint Reservation Light Duty Vehicle 10 161 1.5 2.169 0.301 0.134 0.001 

NASA Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 499 1.5 3.951 0.474 0.28 0.003 

NASA Main Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 48 1.5 1.57 0.243 0.085 0.001 NASA North Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 45 1.5 1.555 0.242 0.084 0.001 

Southwest Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 202 1.5 2.385 0.322 0.152 0.002 

Texas ANG Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 250 1.5 2.638 0.347 0.172 0.002 

Volo Aviation Light Duty Vehicle 10 84 1.5 1.762 0.262 0.101 0.001 
HAS608 D-25 

Table D-17 

2014 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

HAS Airport Services Light Duty Vehicle 10 53 1.5 1.4 0.188 0.067 0.001 

HAS Multi-tenant Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 73 1.5 1.491 0.195 0.073 0.001 

HAS Parking Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 173 1.5 1.954 0.236 0.106 0.001 

Military Joint Reservation Light Duty Vehicle 10 161 1.5 1.902 0.231 0.102 0.001 

NASA Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 499 1.5 3.47 0.367 0.213 0.003 NASA Main Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 48 1.5 1.375 0.185 0.065 0.001 

NASA North Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 45 1.5 1.362 0.184 0.064 0.001 

Southwest Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 202 1.5 2.092 0.247 0.115 0.002 

Texas ANG Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 250 1.5 2.314 0.267 0.131 0.002 

Volo Aviation Light Duty Vehicle 10 84 1.5 1.543 0.2 0.077 0.001 
HAS608 D-26 

Table D-18 

2017 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

HAS Airport Services Light Duty Vehicle 10 53 1.5 1.289 0.161 0.054 0.001 

HAS Multi-tenant Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 73 1.5 1.373 0.167 0.06 0.001 

HAS Parking Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 173 1.5 1.8 0.201 0.086 0.001 Military Joint Reservation Light Duty Vehicle 10 161 1.5 1.752 0.198 0.083 0.001 

NASA Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 499 1.5 3.2 0.313 0.173 0.003 

NASA Main Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 48 1.5 1.266 0.159 0.053 0.001 

NASA North Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 45 1.5 1.254 0.158 0.052 0.001 

Southwest Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 202 1.5 1.927 0.212 0.094 0.002 

Texas ANG Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 250 1.5 2.133 0.228 0.107 0.002 

Volo Aviation Light Duty Vehicle 10 84 1.5 1.421 0.171 0.063 0.001 
HAS608 D-27 

Table D-19 

2018 PARKING EMISSION FACTORS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant (grams/vehi

Parking Garage Vehicle Type 

Speed 

(mph) 

Distance 

(meters) 

Idle Time 

(mins) CO VOC NOx SOx 

HAS Airport Services Light Duty Vehicle 10 53 1.5 0.801 0.128 0.032 0.001 

HAS Multi-tenant Parking Light Duty Vehicle 10 73 1.5 0.855 0.132 0.035 0.001 

HAS Parking Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 173 1.5 1.132 0.157 0.05 0.001 

Military Joint Reservation Light Duty Vehicle 10 161 1.5 1.101 0.154 0.048 0.001 

NASA Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 499 1.5 2.036 0.237 0.1 0.003 

NASA Main Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 48 1.5 0.786 0.126 0.031 0.001 

NASA North Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 45 1.5 0.779 0.126 0.031 0.001 

Southwest Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 202 1.5 1.214 0.164 0.055 0.002 

Texas ANG Lot Light Duty Vehicle 10 250 1.5 1.347 0.176 0.062 0.002 

Volo Aviation Light Duty Vehicle 10 84 1.5 0.887 0.135 0.037 0.001 
Appendix E 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

ROADWAY TRAFFIC 
HAS608 E-1 

Appendix E 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM ROADWAY TRAFFIC 

E.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and data 

inputs used for estimating emissions roadway vehicular traffic activity associated with 

the airports for the development of the 8-hour ozone SIP for the Houston-GalvestonBrazoria (HGB) nonattainment area. 

All roadway-related activity is segregated between vehicular activity that occurs within 

the airport boundary (i.e., on airport roadway) and vehicular activity generated by the 

airport-related activity that occurs beyond the airport boundary. 

E.2 ON-AIRPORT ROADWAY TRAFFIC 

E.2.1 IAH 

The total traffic volumes on each of the roadway sections at IAH were determined from 

24-hour traffic counts conducted for a week in February 2004 as part of the 2004 Master 

Plan effort. Table E-1 shows the total average traffic volume, speed and distance by 

roadway section. Please refer to Figure 7-1 in section 7 of the report for the location of 

the roadway sections. The average total traffic volume was annualized by multiplying 

by 365. The traffic volumes on each roadway section were further divided by vehicle 

class based on a vehicle classification count done in 2004 [See Table 7-2 in section 7 of 

the report]. 
HAS608 E-2 

Table E-1 

2005 ROADWAY TRAFFIC PARAMETERS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Roadway 

ID Roadway Section 

Distance 

(miles) (d)

Speed 

(mph) (c)

Maximum 

Daily 

Traffic (a)

1 Hardy Toll Road Connecter 0.90 55 10,567 

2 JFK Blvd just north of Greens Road 0.20 45 51,875 

3 JFK just south of FAA 3.00 45 31,864 

5 Rankin Road under JFK 0.65 45 5,218 

6 JFK north of rental car entrance 1.15 45 2,585 

7 JFK south of cargo area 0.15 45 2,564 

8 JFK just south of cargo area 1.40 45 29,874 

9 Cargo Area Acccess roads 0.60 35 2,534 

10 WCP just east of JFK 0.41 45 2,922 

11 JFK at Marriot Hotel parking garage 0.05 45 29,704 

12 WCP just east of the N/S taxiway bridge 1.50 45 20,948 

13 WCP just east of terminals roadway interchange 3.50 45 19,548 

14 Colonel Fisher Road btw EB and WB WCP lanes 0.14 30 5,169 

15 Lee Road just north of WCP 0.45 45 14,309 

16 Lee Road just south of Humble-Westfield Road 0.45 45 11,830 

17 Lee Road just south of WCP 0.50 45 4,296 

18 WCP just west of US 59 0.39 45 33,874 

19 Terminal access road just west of N/S taxiway bridge 0.50 35 20,256 

20 Terminal access road west of Terminal C 0.05 35 5,690 

21 Terminal access roads just east of Marriot Hotel 0.10 35 22,452 

22 Terminal access roads just west of Terminal C 0.30 35 17,815 

23 Terminal access road east of Terminal C 0.25 35 19,174 

24 Terminal recirculation roads just west of Marriot Hotel 0.10 35 5,360 

25 Terminal access road east of Terminal B 0.30 35 16,512 

26 Terminal access road east of Terminal A 0.50 35 10,354 

27 Terminal A arrivals auto curbs exit 0.05 35 6,411 

28 Terminal A arrivals commercial curbs exit 0.40 35 1,474 

29 Terminal B arrivals auto curb exit 0.10 35 695 

30 Terminal B arrivals commercial curbs exit 0.15 35 1,909 

31 Terminal C arrivals auto curb exit 0.25 35 5,924 

32 Terminal C arrivals commercial curbs exit 0.30 35 6,160 

33 Kenswick Road just north of WCP 1.25 35 2,927 
HAS608 E-3 

E.2.2 HOU 

The roadway traffic was categorized by trip purpose. The different vehicle operators 

operating at HOU are passenger auto, taxicabs, hotel shuttle, rental shuttle and charter 

bus. The curbside peak hour traffic numbers, categorized by vehicle operator except for 

taxicabs, for the year 2001 were obtained from the 2003 Master Plan. Peak hour 

volumes for passenger cars were converted to daily traffic volumes based on a ratio of 

peak hour to daily traffic obtained from a 24-hour traffic count conducted at IAH. 

Table E-2 shows the 2005 roadway traffic parameters at HOU. 

Table E-2 

2005 ROADWAY TRAFFIC PARAMETERS AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Roadway Vehicle E 

Distance 

(miles) (b)

Speed 

(mph) 

Peak 

Hour 

Traffic (a)

Passenger Cars (Upper Loop) 0.79 35 305 

Passenger Cars (Lower Loop) 0.79 35 285 

Rental Shuttle Alamo 1.93 35 16 

Rental Shuttle Avis 1.5 35 16 

Rental Shuttle Budget 1.55 35 16 

Other Rental Shuttle 0.79 35 27 

Hotel Shuttle 0.79 35 20 

Limo 0.75 35 20 

Charter Bus 0.75 35 10 

Parking Shuttle 0.79 35 85 

(a) Source: 2001 Peak hour curbside traffic from 2003 HOU Master Plan 

(b) Measured using Google EarthTM

All shuttle trips were assumed to run for 14 hours a day (7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. 

represents the bulk of passenger activity) with uniform frequency during that time. The 

daily traffic volumes were considered to be representative of an average day and were 

annualized by multiplying by 365 days in the year. The shuttle trips were assumed to 

remain constant through 2005. 

Peak hour volumes for passenger cars and limousines were converted to daily traffic 

volumes based on a ratio of peak hour to daily traffic obtained from a 24-hour traffic 

count conducted at IAH. The peak hour to daily traffic ratio obtained from IAH was 

8.91%. Daily totals were annualized by were annualized by multiplying by 365 days in 

the year. 
HAS608 E-4 

Air cargo trucks were estimated based on the cargo truck trips at IAH and the 

proportion of freight weight transported at HOU and IAH. It was assumed that number 

of cargo truck trips would be directly proportional to the freight weight. Taxicab data 

for 2005 was obtained from HAS. 

E.2.3 EFD 

The main generators of vehicular traffic at EFD are the Texas Air National Guard, 

NASA and FBO services. Daily demand in 2005 for each of the traffic generators was 

obtained from the airport [Please see Table D-3 in Appendix D]. Annual and ozone 

season traffic demand were estimated by multiplying the daily volumes with number of 

days in a year (365) and ozone season (197), respectively. All vehicular activity was 

assumed to be light duty vehicles. 

The distribution of trips was based on the location of these facilities. The TxANG and 

the Southwest FBO facility exist to the north of the Airport. All vehicular traffic to both 

facilities was assumed to use the main entrance to access the facility. All traffic to the 

NASA facility was assumed to come in through Brantley Avenue due to its southern 

location. Table E-3 shows the 2005 roadway traffic parameters at EFD. 

Table E-3 

2005 ROADWAY TRAFFIC PARAMETERS AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Roadway Section 

Distance 

(miles) (b)

Speed 

(mph) 

Peak Hour 

Traffic (a)

Aerospace Avenue 0.45 35 330 

Brantly Avenue 0.24 35 344 

Challenger 7 Pkwy 0.18 35 360 

(a) Source: Estimated from the 2005 daily demand for HAS, NASA 

and Texas ANG facilities 

(b) Measured using Google EarthTM

E.3 OFF-AIRPORT ROADWAY TRAFFIC 

All significant categories of vehicles making trips from within the airport boundaries to 

outside locations were accounted for. All light duty vehicles—passenger cars, taxicabs, 

and limos— were analyzed into one category. The average distance traveled by light 

duty vehicles off airport property to and from the airport depends on the point of origin 

of the trip. Since downtown Houston is one of the largest contributors of trips to each 

of the airports, the geographic center of the region, and a very dense commercial area, 
HAS608 E-5 

an average distance to downtown Houston from each of the airports was used as a 

representative travel distance for all light duty vehicles. 

The other classes of vehicles that make trips that are significant beyond the airport 

boundary are rental, hotel and parking shuttles. For each of those vehicle classes, an 

average distance to and from the airport boundary to clusters of each of the facilities 

served by the shuttles was derived and used as the average travel distance. The offairport roadway traffic parameters are provided in section 7 of the report. 

E.4 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

Emission factors for roadways are input into EDMS as grams/vehicle-mile. As 

described in Chapter 6, EDMS has a built-in on-road emission factor model to generate 

emissions factors for motor vehicles. The built-in model is a basic version of 

MOBILE6.2. It cannot be customized to local conditions and calculates emission factors 

based on the manufactured year of the vehicle. 

The emission factors are dependent on the average speed of the roadway and vehicle 

class. Speed-dependant emission factors, derived from MOBILE6.2, along with traffic 

volume and distance traveled on the roadway, are used to compute roadway emissions. 

For emissions quantification, the total emissions are the product of the traffic volumes 

on the roadway, the emission factor, and the distance traveled by each vehicle on the 

roadway. The average speed and the vehicle class are the parameters needed to 

compute the emission factors. The other parameters are manufactured year, elevation, 

and the average daily high and low temperatures, which come from the airport’s 

weather data. 

The roadway emission factors derived using MOBILE 6.2 by vehicle type and speed are 

shown in Tables E-4 to E-8. 
HAS608 E-6 

Table E-4 

2005 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

 Speed Pollutant (grams/veh

Vehicle Type Vehicle Operator (mph) CO VOC NOx SO

Default mix All default mix for Off-roadway 45 8.3689 0.6188 1.3998 0.0Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 30 7.6470 0.7021 0.6865 0.0

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 35 7.8728 0.6717 0.6652 0.0

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 40 8.4011 0.6540 0.6731 0.0

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 45 8.9296 0.6393 0.6853 0.0

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 55 10.5754 0.6207 0.7277 0.0

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 30 0.6619 0.4093 0.8179 0.0Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 35 0.6004 0.3699 0.8105 0.0Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 45 0.5445 0.3198 0.8832 0.0Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 55 0.5763 0.2995 1.1960 0.0Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 30 3.9420 0.5503 14.5311 0.5

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 35 3.4125 0.4822 14.3944 0.5

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 45 2.9313 0.3956 15.7479 0.5

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 55 3.2045 0.3607 21.5978 0.5

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 35 2.7518 0.5394 13.1126 0.36Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 45 2.3637 0.4425 14.0636 0.36
HAS608 E-7 

Table E-5 

2011 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

 Speed Pollutant (grams/veh

Vehicle Type Vehicle Operator (mph) CO VOC NOx SO

Default mix All default mix for Off-roadway 45 6.3169 0.4456 0.7356 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 30 6.0591 0.5072 0.4657 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 35 6.1269 0.4850 0.4528 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 40 6.4603 0.4725 0.4565 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 45 6.7943 0.4616 0.4630 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 55 7.7923 0.4454 0.4851 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 30 0.3709 0.1975 0.2807 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 35 0.3375 0.1793 0.2782 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 45 0.3071 0.1561 0.3030 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 55 0.3244 0.1468 0.4095 0.00

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 30 2.1379 0.2791 9.3113 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 35 1.8507 0.2446 9.2231 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 45 1.5897 0.2006 10.0957 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 55 1.7379 0.1829 13.8717 0.0

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 35 1.3817 0.3661 6.2294 0.0

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 45 1.1869 0.3003 6.7500 0.0
HAS608 E-8 

Table E-6 

2014 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Speed Pollutant (grams/veh

Vehicle Type Vehicle Operator (mph) CO VOC NOx SO

Default mix All default mix for Off-roadway 45 5.4022 0.3501 0.5108 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 30 5.2175 0.3956 0.3530 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 35 5.2560 0.3783 0.3432 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 40 5.5356 0.3687 0.3458 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 45 5.8158 0.3603 0.3506 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 55 6.6497 0.3487 0.3666 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 30 0.3114 0.1342 0.1652 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 35 0.2830 0.1219 0.1637 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 45 0.2572 0.1062 0.1783 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 55 0.2718 0.0999 0.2410 0.00

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 30 1.5234 0.2545 6.4300 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 35 1.3188 0.2231 6.3686 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 45 1.1328 0.1830 6.9761 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 55 1.2384 0.1668 9.6089 0.0

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 35 0.9524 0.3209 4.2757 0.01

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 45 0.8181 0.2633 4.6455 0.01
HAS608 E-9 

Table E-7 

2017 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Speed Pollutant (grams/veh

Vehicle Type Vehicle Operator (mph) CO VOC NOx SO

Default mix All default mix for Off-roadway 45 4.8992 0.2929 0.3703 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 30 4.7537 0.3311 0.2845 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 35 4.7774 0.3160 0.2765 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 40 5.0271 0.3075 0.2784 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 45 5.2776 0.3001 0.2821 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 55 6.0223 0.2901 0.2947 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 30 0.2861 0.1044 0.1191 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 35 0.2596 0.0947 0.1180 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 45 0.2355 0.0823 0.1285 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 55 0.2491 0.0773 0.1738 0.00

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 30 1.0520 0.2420 4.1314 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 35 0.9107 0.2120 4.0917 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 45 0.7822 0.1740 4.4840 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 55 0.8552 0.1586 6.1860 0.0

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 35 0.6917 0.2861 2.7092 0.01

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 45 0.5942 0.2347 2.9506 0.01
HAS608 E-10 

Table E-8 

2018 ROADWAY EMISSION FACTORS 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Speed Pollutant (grams/veh

Vehicle Type Vehicle Operator (mph) CO VOC NOx SO

Default mix All default mix for Off-roadway 45 3.4740 0.2137 0.2375 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 30 3.2965 0.2352 0.1575 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 35 3.3291 0.2248 0.1518 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 40 3.5264 0.2189 0.1539 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 45 3.7245 0.2138 0.1569 0.00

Light Duty Vehicle Passenger car, Taxicab, Limo 55 4.3217 0.2086 0.1659 0.00

Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 30 0.2856 0.1024 0.1092 0.00Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 35 0.2592 0.0929 0.1082 0.00Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 45 0.2352 0.0808 0.1179 0.00Light Duty Diesel Truck Hotel shuttle, rental car shuttle, parking shuttle 55 0.2488 0.0759 0.1594 0.00Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 30 0.8811 0.2381 3.3277 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 35 0.7627 0.2087 3.2960 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 45 0.6552 0.1712 3.6104 0.0

Transit Bus Rental shuttle bus 55 0.7162 0.1561 4.9731 0.0

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 35 0.6021 0.2762 2.1684 0.01

Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Cargo 45 0.5172 0.2266 2.3631 0.01
Appendix F 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

STATIONARY SOURCES 
HAS608 F-1 

Appendix F 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES 

F.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the concepts, methodology, and data 

inputs used for quantifying emissions from key HAS owned stationary sources and fuel 

consumption for airport tenants. These estimates are intended to support the 

development of the 8-hour ozone SIP for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) 

nonattainment area. 

This inventory considered only key sources of stationary emissions, which include: 

1) HAS-owned boilers and generators; 2) HAS-owned incinerator at IAH, 3) firefighter 

training fires; and 4) emissions from aircraft fuel storage tanks. There were a number of 

other stationary sources located at each airport, but they were not included in this study 

because of a lack of readily available data. The stationary sources not included in this 

study are: 1) aircraft engine testing areas; 2) deicing operations; 3) salt/sand piles; and 

4) painting and solvent degreasing activities. 

F.2 HAS OWNED STATIONARY SOURCES 

F.2.1 Boilers 

The boilers at IAH and HOU were modeled in EDMS as Controlled Wall Fired boilers 

with hourly consumption of less than 100 million British Thermal Units (BTUs). The 

volume of natural gas in cubic meters consumed in the calendar year 2007 and ozone 

season was obtained for IAH from HAS staff. Boiler usage was assumed to be the same 

in 2005. Monthly usage was obtained from HAS staff for HOU. Table F-1 and F-2 

shows the boiler usage at IAH and HOU respectively. Default emission factors in EDMS 

were used to estimate emissions. 

Table F-1 

2007 BOILER CONSUMPTION AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Boiler 

Boiler Rating 

(MMBtu/Hour) 

Annual Fuel Usage 

(MMBtu/year) 

Ozone Season Fuel 

Usage (MMBtu/season) 

BL-CHP4 67.7 205,486 121,213 

BL-CHP5 67.7 208,915 143,214 
HAS608 F-2 

Table F-2 

2006 BOILER CONSUMPTION AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Month 

Fuel Usage 

(MMBtu/month) 

January 3,312 

February 3,257 

March 2,012 

April 1,153 

May 359 

June 283 

July 283 

August 370 

September 418 

October 380 

November 427 

December 2,701 

F.2.2 Generators 

For the natural gas generators, the volume of natural gas consumed for the calendar 

year 2007 and ozone season was obtained. The emissions for the diesel generators were 

determined by the hours of usage. The hours of usage were obtained for calendar year 

2007 and the ozone season. Emergency generator usage is assumed to be the same in 

2005. 

The emissions from natural gas and diesel generators were modeled in EDMS using 

USAF and U.S. EPA methodology, respectively. Default emission factors in EDMS were 

used to estimate emissions. Table F-3 shows the emergency generator usage at IAH. 
HAS608 F-3 

Table F-3 

2007 GENERATOR CONSUMPTION AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Generator Fuel Type 

Engine Rating 

(hp) 

Annual 

(hr/year) 

Ozone Season 

(hr/season) 

GEN-ANXBLD Natural Gas 354 33 26 

GEN-TERMA Natural Gas 150 10 9 

GEN-TERMD Diesel 1515 10 9 

GENLFTSTAT6 Diesel 600 26 26 

GEN-STHVLT Diesel 703 169 125 

GEN-NTHVLT Diesel 1490 176 141 

GEN-ARFF54 Natural Gas 158 35 28 

GEN-ARFF99 Natural Gas 158 38 32 

GEN-OSFISG Diesel 467 16 14 

Hourly usage of natural gas generators was converted to volume consumed based on 

a 600 cubic feet per hour usage rate of natural gas. 

F.2.3 Incinerator 

The incinerator at IAH was modeled in EDMS as a single chamber incinerator. The 

mass of waste in metric tons burnt in the calendar year 2007 and ozone season was 

obtained from HAS. Incinerator usage was assumed to remain the same in 2005 and for 

future years. Default emission factors in EDMS were used to estimate emissions. were 

used to estimate emissions. Table F-4 shows the incinerator usage at IAH. 

Table F-4 

2007 INCINERATOR CONSUMPTION AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Generator 

Heat Input 

(MMBtu/hr) 

Annual 

Refuse 

(tons/year) 

Ozone Season 

Refuse 

(tons/season) 

GEN-ANXBLD 1.50 273 205 
HAS608 F-4 

F.2.4 Training Fires 

There is a small fire training facility operation at IAH. The City of Houston fire 

department provided information on the annual fuel consumption owing to training 

fires. The training facility at IAH used 2,102 of propane in 2006. . 

F.3 FUEL CONSUMPTION 

Monthly fuel consumption data of Jet A fuel for 2005 was obtained for IAH from HAS. 

Default emission factors in EDMS were used to estimate emissions in the fuel handling 

process. Ozone season weekday fuel consumption was derived from monthly fuel 

consumption data for 2005. In order to be conservative, it was assumed that all fuel 

consumption in the ozone season months occurs during the weekdays. Figure F-1 

shows the Jet A fuel consumption at IAH. 

Figure F-1 

2005 JET A FUEL CONSUMPTION AT IAH BY FUEL TANK 

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

A‐1 A‐2 A‐3 A‐4 A‐5 C‐1 C‐2 D‐1 D‐2 D‐3
HAS608 F-5 

The Jet A fuel consumption for Southwest Airlines was obtained for the year 2005 was 

obtained from HAS. Monthly fuel consumption data of Jet A fuel from the FBO and 

other airlines for 2005 at HOU was obtained from HAS. 

Table F-5 

2005 JET A FUEL CONSUMPTION AT HOU 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Month 

Consumption (a)

(gallons) 

January 1,302,708 

February 1,326,873 

March 1,119,921 

April 1,370,512 

May 1,110,718 

June 972,601 

July 1,184,274 

August 916,247 

September 1,195,024 

October 1,186,042 

November 1,371,491 

December 770,153 

(a) Excludes fuel consumption by 

Southwest Airlines. 

Fuel at EFD is supplied or consumed mainly by military or general aviation aircraft. 

Southwest FBO provides fuel to general aviation aircraft and NASA. Texas ANG owns 

fuel storage tanks supplying fuel to military aircraft. 

Texas ANG dispenses both AvGas and Jet A fuel. Southwest FBO supplies JP-8, 

MOGAS, and diesel fuel. All the fuel storage tanks owned by Texas ANG are 

horizontal. Southwest FBO has four vertical and three horizontal storage tanks. 

Annual fuel consumption data for 2005 was obtained from HAS staff. Based on the 

proportion of annual military operations and general aviation operations in an ozoneseason weekday, the total annual fuel from Texas ANG and Southwest FBO were 

proportioned to obtain ozone season weekday consumption. Default emission factors 

in EDMS are used to estimate emissions. Table F-6 provides the 2005 fuel consumption 

at EFD. 
HAS608 F-6 

Table F-6 

2005 FUEL CONSUMPTION AT EFD 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Stationary Source 

Fuel/Substance 

Consumed 

Consumption 

(gallons) 

Texas Air National Guard Jet A 2,923,987 

Texas Air National Guard Diesel 41,204 

Texas Air National Guard MOGAS 26,770 

Southwest FBO Jet A 5,571,429 

Southwest FBO AvGAS 928,571 
Appendix G 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM 

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 
HAS608 G-1 

Appendix G 

ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 

G.1 INTRODUCTION 

This appendix provides a detailed explanation of the methodology and calculation of 

emissions from construction activities for various projects implemented at IAH, HOU, 

and EFD in 2005 and construction projects forecast for future years. 

G.2 METHODOLOGY 

In the absence of detailed engineering schematics and project documentation, Jacobs 

Consultancy sought project guidance from a variety of other sources. These included: 

(1) the Air Emission Summary documents that were submitted to the FAA (AES); (2) the 

2008 Philadelphia International Airport Capacity Enhancement Program (PHL CEP)*; 

(3) the 2004 Philadelphia International Airport Runway 17-35 Extension Project EIS 

(PHL EIS)** and (4) construction vehicles estimates for runway projects at Portland 

International, Reading International, and Lehigh Valley International airports. Data 

from these documents were extrapolated and scaled to fit the appropriate projects at 

HAS airports. It should be noted that, whenever possible, guidance from HAS was 

used when calculating emissions. 

The PHL CEP was the basis for estimating vehicle use data for the runway-related 

projects that occurred in 2005 at IAH, HOU, and EFD. Additionally, the AES 

documents provide data for building construction and terminal apron work. The PHL 

EIS was the basis for estimating vehicle use data for construction projects in future 

years at HOU. The AES documents were also used for estimating construction activity 

at EFD for future years. 

Because many airport projects last more than one year, information was gathered for all 

of the construction projects that occurred between 2004 and 2006. Several of those 

projects either started in 2004 and continued into 2005 or started in 2005 and continued 

into 2006. For projects with overlapping years, the emissions were scaled to reflect only 

2005. 

There were a number of small projects at IAH, HOU, and EFD in 2005, each with only a 

small contribution of emissions to the overall inventory. In estimating the emissions, 

these small projects were consolidated into a larger miscellaneous project that 

collectively accounted for a fraction of total construction emissions. 

 

 *Philadelphia International Airport Capacity Enhancement Program Draft Air Quality 

Technical Report, KM Chng Environmental, Inc., 2008. 

**Environmental Impact Statement for the Runway 17-35 Extension Project at 

Philadelphia International Airport, Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. (2005). 
HAS608 G-2 

Vehicle information was input into NONROAD 2005 to generate construction 

emissions.* NONROAD2005 is the EPA accepted model used to calculate off-road 

vehicle emissions. The year 2005 was used as the episode year for the 2005 emissions 

calculations. The model assumed a distribution of vehicle ages based on engine 

scrappage data for Harris County. Likewise, 2011 was used as the episode year for 

future construction vehicle emissions, which was based on a distribution of vehicle ages 

in Harris County. Owing to the temperate location of HAS airports and upon guidance 

from HAS, it was assumed that project manpower and vehicle use occurred 40 hours 

per week and 52 weeks per year. 

Emissions associated with runway paving were calculated based on the methodology 

presented in Appendix G of the PHL CEP in Tables G-17 and G-18. The projects 

covered by this document were similar the projects undertaken by HAS. 

G.3 2005 CONSTRUCTION PROJECT EMISSIONS 

Construction project emissions for 2005 were compiled for IAH, HOU, and EFD. 

G.3.1 George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

The 2005 construction project inventory for IAH included the following projects. 

15L Project. The 15L Project consisted of repaving and resurfacing Runway 15L from 

August 2005 to March 2006. Reportedly, 40% of the project occurred in 2006, thus only 

60% of the total project emissions are included for this inventory. Equipment usage 

data was extrapolated from the 2008 PHL CEP. The PHL CEP outlines an extensive 

array of construction projects, but only the runway paving and resurfacing portions 

were examined for purposes of the HAS inventory. The scope of runway paving 

activity was approximately equal to the repaving activity involved with the 15L Project. 

Table G-1 presents the 2005 construction vehicle emissions associated with the 

15L Project. 

 

*The NONROAD2005 Model was created by United States Environmental Protection 

Agency. Further information can be found at 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonrdmdl.htm#docs. 
HAS608 G-3 

Table G-1 

15L CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump truck 11.45 4.06 1.47 0.70 0.66 0.64 

Paint truck 0.20 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Paver 0.25 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Primer Truck 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Reclaimer 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Roller 0.45 0.24 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 

Sweeper 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Tack truck 0.20 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Trimmer 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

 Total 12.92 4.82 1.66 0.83 0.80 0.78 

The project consisted of paving approximately 165,600m2 of the airfield. It was assumed 

that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-2 presents the emissions directly from 

the asphalt associated with the 15L Project. 

Table G-2 

15L ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 828,000 298 mg/m2 0.27 

PM2.5 828,000 9.05 g/m2

 8.24 
HAS608 G-4 

9/27 Project. The 9/27 Project consisted of repairing and repaving Runway 9/27 from 

August 2005 to October 2005. Based on the differences in project duration, the 9/27 

Project involved approximately 60% of the activity as that of the 15L Project. An 

additional 17% reduction in vehicle utilization was applied based on the smaller surface 

area of Runway 9/27. Table G-3 presents the 2005 construction vehicle emissions 

associated with the 9/27 Project. 

Table G-3 

9/27 CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 9.49 3.37 1.21 0.58 0.55 0.53 

Paint Truck 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Paver 0.21 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Primer Truck 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Reclaimer 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Roller 0.37 0.20 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 

Sweeper 0.12 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Tack Truck 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Trimmer 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

 Total 10.71 3.99 1.38 0.69 0.66 0.64 

The project consisted of paving approximately 138,000m2 of the airfield. It was assumed 

that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-4 presents the emissions directly from 

the asphalt associated with the 9/27 Project. 

Table G-4 

9/27 ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 690,000 298 mg/m2 0.23 

PM2.5 690,000 9.05 g/m2

 6.87 
HAS608 G-5 

There were a variety of smaller construction projects that, individually, generated 

minor emissions, but cumulatively generated a notable amount of emissions. These 

projects include: 1) Terminal C electrical vault expansion; 2) sound insulation project; 

3) Terminal B tenant space improvement; and 4) USPS facility support. It was assumed 

that the cumulative emissions from these projects were approximately 25% of the 

emissions from the larger 15L and 9/27 Projects at IAH. Table G-5 presents the 

emissions from the other projects and the cumulative amount of construction emissions 

generated at IAH in 2005. 

Table G-5 

TOTAL 2005 CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT IAH 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

15L 12.92 4.82 1.66 1.10 9.04 9.02 

9/27 10.71 3.99 1.38 0.92 7.53 7.51 

Other 5.91 2.21 0.76 0.51 4.14 4.13

 Total 29.54 11.02 3.80 2.53 20.71 20.66 

G.3.2 William P. Hobby Airport 

The 2005 construction project inventory for HOU included the following projects.

Concourse B Project. The Concourse B Project involved aircraft apron and passenger 

terminal renovation. For this inventory, the project was assumed to be similar to the 

Terminal B North apron/terminal renovation project at IAH.* A 50% reduction in 

vehicle activity, however, was applied because the HOU project lasted approximately 

half as long as the IAH project. A 40% reduction was also applied to account for project 

overlap into 2006. Table G-6 presents the 2005 construction vehicle emissions 

associated with the Concourse B Project. 

 

*Air Emission Summary for Project 603D, Houston Airport System, 2005. 
HAS608 G-6 

Table G-6 

CONCOURSE B CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Cement Mixer 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Compressor 0.14 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 1.15 0.47 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.08 

Excavator 0.43 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Generator 0.22 0.11 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 

Grader 0.41 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Loader 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Paver 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Roller 0.41 0.22 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 

Concrete Saw 0.17 0.14 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Sweeper 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Tractor 1.38 0.68 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.10 

Trencher 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Total 4.71 2.14 0.61 0.40 0.38 0.37 
HAS608 G-7 

Table G-7 

AIRFIELD REPAIR CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 2.48 0.88 0.32 0.15 0.14 0.14 

Paint Truck 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Paver 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Reclaimer 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Roller 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Tack Truck 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Total 2.83 1.07 0.36 0.18 0.18 0.17 

Airfield Repair Project. This project involved the repairing and repaving of various 

portions of the airfield at HOU in 2005. These activities were similar to those associated 

with the 15L Project at IAH, but an 87% reduction in vehicle utilization was applied to 

account for the smaller work area. Table G-7 presents the 2005 construction vehicle 

emissions associated with the Airfield Repair Project. 

The project consisted of paving approximately 22,259m2 of the airfield. It was assumed 

that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-8 presents the emissions directly from 

the asphalt associated with the Airfield Repair Project. 

Table G-8 

AIRFIELD REPAIR ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 111,295 298 mg/m2 0.04 

PM2.5 111,295 9.05 g/m2

 1.10 
HAS608 G-8 

Small Construction Projects. There were a variety of smaller construction projects that, 

individually, generated minor emissions, but cumulatively generated a significant 

amount of emissions. These projects include: (1) runway lighting; (2) asbestos 

abatement services; and (3) demolition of several small maintenance buildings. It was 

assumed that the cumulative emissions from these projects were approximately 25% of 

the emissions from the larger Concourse B and Airfield Repair Projects at HOU. 

Table G-9 presents the emissions from the other projects and the cumulative amount of 

construction emissions generated at HOU in 2005. 

Table G-9 

TOTAL 2005 CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT HOU (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOx CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Concourse B 4.71 2.14 0.61 0.40 0.38 0.37 

Airfield Repair 2.83 1.07 0.36 0.22 1.28 1.27 

Other 1.89 0.80 0.24 0.16 0.42 0.41

 Total 9.43 4.01 1.21 0.78 2.08 2.05 

G.3.3 Ellington Field 

The 2005 construction project inventory for EFD included the following projects. 
HAS608 G-9 

Ramp Repair Project. This project involved the repairing and repaving of various 

portions of the airfield ramps at EFD in 2004 and 2005. These activities were similar to 

those associated with the 15L Project at IAH, but a 77% reduction in vehicle activity was 

applied to account for the smaller work area and a 25% reduction was applied due to 

overlap from 2004. Table G-10 presents the 2005 construction vehicle emissions 

associated with the Ramp Repair Project. 

Table G-10 

RAMP REPAIR CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 3.29 1.17 0.42 0.20 0.19 0.18 

Paint Truck 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Paver 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Reclaimer 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Roller 0.13 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Tack Truck 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

 Total 3.75 1.41 0.48 0.24 0.23 0.23 

The project consisted of paving approximately 38,447m2 of the airfield. It was assumed 

that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-11 presents the emissions directly 

from the asphalt associated with the Ramp Repair Project. 

Table G-11 

RAMP REPAIR ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 192,235 298 mg/m2 0.06 

PM2.5 192,235 9.05 g/m2

 1.91 
HAS608 G-10 

Aircraft Hangar Project. The project involved the construction of the Rocket Man 

Hangar in 2005. Construction vehicle utilization data was provided by AES reports 

provided by the FAA.* Table G-12 presents the 2005 construction vehicle emissions 

associated with the Aircraft Hangar Project. 

Table G-12 

AIRCRAFT HANGAR CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Concrete Saw 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Crane 0.14 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Drilling Rig 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dumper/Tender 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Grader 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Loader 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Pick-up Trucks 2.10 1.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Plate Compactor 0.01 0.01 0.24 0.16 0.17 0.16 

Scraper 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trencher 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

 Total 2.56 1.26 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 

 

*Aeronautical Study 2005-ASW-289-NRA, Federal Aviation Administration, 2005. 
HAS608 G-11 

Table G-13 presents the cumulative emissions generated by the Ramp Repair and 

Aircraft Hangar construction projects at EFD in 2005. 

Table G-13 

TOTAL 2005 CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT EFD (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOx CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Ramp 3.75 1.41 0.48 0.30 2.14 2.14 

Hangar 2.56 1.26 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20

Total 6.31 2.67 0.78 0.50 2.34 2.34 

G.4 FUTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT EMISSIONS 

G.4.1 William P. Hobby Airport 

The HOU Master Plan includes a number of recommendations that involve significant 

construction activities.* The projects anticipated to generate significant construction 

emissions are summarized below. While the projects are certain to occur, the precise 

year of construction is unknown. As such, the construction emissions have been 

calculated for years 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2018. It is advised that they be applied in the 

year that the project actually occurs. Emissions were calculated with NONROAD 2005 

using the applicable construction year as the vehicle model year, which assumes an 

average distribution of vehicle ages.

Runway Extension Project. Runway 17L/35R will be extended by an additional 

1,550 feet. Vehicle usage assumptions were extrapolated from the 2008 PHL CEP. 

Table G-14 presents the construction vehicle emissions for the future Runway Extension 

Project. 

 

*William P. Hobby 2003 Master Plan, Ricondo & Associates, Inc., 2003. 
HAS608 G-12 

Table G-14 

2011 RUNWAY EXTENSION CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 2.79 2.70 0.01 0.55 0.42 0.41 

Bulldozer 11.91 5.14 0.03 0.81 0.78 0.75 

Concrete Truck 0.37 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.03 

Dump Truck 67.41 22.67 0.17 3.95 3.26 3.16 

Excavator 5.80 2.53 0.02 0.43 0.45 0.43 

Grader 8.17 3.14 0.02 0.62 0.58 0.56 

Loader 7.55 3.14 0.02 0.52 0.49 0.48 

Milling Machine 0.24 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Paver 0.56 0.27 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.04 

Pick-up Truck 17.42 8.28 0.04 1.22 1.15 1.12 

Roller 3.77 2.07 0.01 0.31 0.33 0.32

Total 125.98 50.25 0.32 8.52 7.55 7.33 
HAS608 G-13 

Table G-15 

2014 RUNWAY EXTENSION CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 2.29 2.15 0.00 0.43 0.34 0.33 

Bulldozer 8.73 3.61 0.02 0.65 0.57 0.55 

Concrete Truck 0.32 0.15 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.02 

Dump Truck 48.84 13.67 0.09 3.85 2.29 2.22 

Excavator 4.00 1.68 0.01 0.33 0.31 0.30 

Grader 5.65 2.15 0.01 0.48 0.42 0.40 

Loader 1.23 1.15 0.00 0.23 0.18 0.18 

Milling Machine 1.00 0.45 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.06 

Paver 0.42 0.20 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Pick-up Truck 13.86 6.19 0.02 0.96 0.87 0.84 

Roller 2.86 1.51 0.01 0.24 0.24 0.23

Total 89.19 32.9 0.17 7.31 5.33 5.17 
HAS608 G-14 

Table G-16 

2017 RUNWAY EXTENSION CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 1.81 1.68 0.00 0.33 0.26 0.26 

Bulldozer 5.84 2.37 0.01 0.55 0.37 0.36 

Concrete Truck 0.27 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.02 

Dump Truck 35.66 6.51 0.05 3.35 1.25 1.21 

Excavator 2.35 0.92 0.00 0.28 0.16 0.15 

Grader 3.35 1.27 0.01 0.40 0.23 0.23 

Loader 0.97 0.90 0.00 0.17 0.14 0.14 

Milling Machine 0.76 0.33 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.05 

Paver 0.28 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.02 

Pick-up Truck 10.48 4.61 0.01 0.79 0.64 0.62 

Roller 2.00 1.03 0.00 0.18 0.16 0.16

Total 63.76 19.88 0.09 6.16 3.30 3.21 
HAS608 G-15 

Table G-17 

2018 RUNWAY EXTENSION CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 1.67 1.56 0.00 0.30 0.24 0.24 

Bulldozer 5.05 1.99 0.01 0.52 0.30 0.29 

Concrete Truck 0.25 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.02 

Dump Truck 32.56 4.70 0.05 3.20 0.98 0.95 

Excavator 1.94 0.71 0.00 0.27 0.11 0.11 

Grader 2.74 1.01 0.01 0.38 0.18 0.17 

Loader 0.89 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.13 0.13 

Milling Machine 0.69 0.30 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.04 

Paver 0.25 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.02 

Pick-up Truck 9.51 4.18 0.01 0.75 0.58 0.57 

Roller 1.76 0.89 0.00 0.17 0.14 0.13

Total 57.30 16.42 0.09 5.87 2.74 2.66 

Runway 12L/30R Upgrade Project. Runway 12L/30R will be upgraded to 

accommodate heavier aircraft, which will involve repaving the existing surface 

(approximately 120,883 m2

). It is assumed that the project will be completed within one 

year with a 13% reduction in paving area as compared to the 2005 9/27 Project at IAH. 

The construction vehicle emissions for the future Runway 12L/30R Upgrade Project are 

presented in Table G-18 for 2011, Table G-19 for 2014, Table G-20 for 2017, and Table G21 for 2018. 
HAS608 G-16 

Table G-18 

2011 12L/30R UPGRADE CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 0.90 0.31 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.05 

Paint Truck 0.11 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Paver 0.13 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.24 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Sweeper 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.11 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trimmer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Total 1.68 0.71 0.00 0.12 0.11 0.11 
HAS608 G-17 

Table G-19 

2014 12L/30R UPGRADE CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 3.92 1.10 0.01 0.31 0.18 0.18 

Paint Truck 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Paver 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.29 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 

Sweeper 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trimmer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 4.62 1.44 0.01 0.36 0.23 0.23 
HAS608 G-18 

Table G-20 

2017 12L/30R UPGRADE CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 2.86 0.52 0.00 0.27 0.10 0.10 

Paint Truck 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 

Paver 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.12 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 3.30 0.73 0.00 0.31 0.13 0.13 
HAS608 G-19 

Table G-21 

2018 12L/30R UPGRADE CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 2.61 0.38 0.00 0.26 0.08 0.08 

Paint Truck 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.11 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 3.01 0.56 0.00 0.29 0.11 0.10 

The project consisted of paving approximately 120,883m2

 of the airfield. It was assumed 

that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-22 presents the emissions directly 

from the asphalt associated with the future Runway 12L/30R Upgrade Project. 

Table G-22 

12L/30R ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 604,415 298 mg/m2 0.198 

PM2.5 604,415 9.05 g/m2

 6.017 

Taxiway J Project. Taxiway J will be created, which will provide a link between 

Runways 12R/30L and 4/22. It will be approximately 584 m long and 24 m wide 

(14,016 m2). It is assumed that the project will not require substantial earth-moving 

activities, as it is centrally located on the airfield. It will, however, require significant 

paving activities (a 37% reduction based on the 2005 9/27 Project at IAH), but should be 

completed within one year. The construction vehicle emissions for the future Taxiway J 

Project are presented in Table G-23 for 2011, Table G-24 for 2014, Table G-25 for 2017, 

and Table G-26 for 2018. 
HAS608 G-20 

Table G-23 

2011 TAXIWAY J CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 0.65 0.23 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.03 

Paint Truck 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Paver 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.17 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Total 1.21 0.51 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.08 

Table G-24 

2014 TAXIWAY J CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 2.84 0.79 0.01 0.22 0.13 0.13 

Paint Truck 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.13 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 3.27 1.00 0.01 0.26 0.17 0.16 
HAS608 G-21 

Table G-25 

2017 TAXIWAY J CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 2.07 0.38 0.00 0.19 0.07 0.07 

Paint Truck 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 2.39 0.53 0.00 0.22 0.10 0.09 

Table G-26 

2018 TAXIWAY J CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 1.89 0.27 0.00 0.19 0.06 0.06 

Paint Truck 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 2.18 0.41 0.00 0.21 0.08 0.07 
HAS608 G-22 

The Taxiway J Project will consist of paving approximately 14,016m2 of the airfield. It 

was assumed that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-27 presents the 

emissions directly from the asphalt associated with the future Taxiway J Project. 

Table G-27 

TAXIWAY J ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 70,080 298 mg/m2 0.023 

PM2.5 70,080 9.05 g/m2

 0.698 

Freight Facility Expansion Project. The existing air cargo area will be expanded by 

adding several cargo buildings (two were assumed) and additional parking apron area 

for aircraft (approximately 63,375 m2). It was assumed that no significant earth-moving 

activities will be required, but will require the construction of two hangar-sized 

buildings and re-paving existing airfield areas. The construction vehicle emissions for 

the construction portion of the future Freight Facility Project are presented in 

Table G-28 for 2011, Table G-29 for 2014, Table G-30 for 2017, and Table G-31 for 2018. 

The vehicle emissions for the paving portion of the Freight Facility Project (with a 54% 

reduction based on the 2005 9/27 Project at IAH) are presented in Table G-32 for 2011, 

Table G-33 for 2014, Table G-34 for 2017, and Table G-35 for 2018. 

Table G-28 

2011 FREIGHT FACILITY (CARGO) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Cement Mixer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.18 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Crane 1.21 0.58 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 

Dozer 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Drilling Rig 0.48 0.23 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Dumper/Tender 0.35 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Grader 0.13 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Loader 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Pick-up Trucks 9.09 4.32 0.02 0.63 0.60 0.58 

Plate Compactor 0.18 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Scraper 0.30 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Trencher 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00

Total 12.28 5.85 0.03 0.88 0.82 0.80 
HAS608 G-23 

Table G-29 

2014 FREIGHT FACILITY (CARGO) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Crane 0.41 0.10 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.02 

Dozer 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Drilling Rig 0.19 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Dumper/Tender 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Grader 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Loader 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Pick-up Trucks 7.23 3.23 0.01 0.50 0.45 0.44 

Plate Compactor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Scraper 0.22 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trencher 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 8.46 3.75 0.01 0.61 0.53 0.52 

Table G-30 

2017 FREIGHT FACILITY (CARGO) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Crane 0.28 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Drilling Rig 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dumper/Tender 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Grader 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Loader 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Pick-up Trucks 5.47 2.41 0.01 0.41 0.34 0.33 

Plate Compactor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Scraper 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Trencher 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 6.28 2.75 0.01 0.49 0.39 0.38 
HAS608 G-24 

Table G-31 

2018 FREIGHT FACILITY (CARGO) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Crane 0.24 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Drilling Rig 0.15 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dumper/Tender 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Grader 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Loader 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Pick-up Trucks 4.96 2.18 0.01 0.39 0.30 0.30 

Plate Compactor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Scraper 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Trencher 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 5.69 2.49 0.01 0.47 0.35 0.34 

Table G-32 

2011 FREIGHT FACILITY (PAVING) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 0.48 0.17 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Paint Truck 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Primer Truck 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.12 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Total 0.88 0.37 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.06 
HAS608 G-25 

Table G-33 

2014 FREIGHT FACILITY (PAVING) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 2.07 0.58 0.00 0.16 0.10 0.10 

Paint Truck 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 2.38 0.73 0.00 0.19 0.12 0.12 

Table G-34 

2017 FREIGHT FACILITY (PAVING) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 1.51 0.28 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.05 

Paint Truck 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Sweeper 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 1.74 0.38 0.00 0.16 0.07 0.07 
HAS608 G-26 

Table G-35 

2018 FREIGHT FACILITY (PAVING) CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Dump Truck 1.38 0.20 0.00 0.14 0.04 0.04 

Paint Truck 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Paver 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Primer Truck 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Reclaimer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Roller 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Sweeper 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Tack Truck 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trimmer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 1.59 0.29 0.00 0.15 0.06 0.05 

The Freight Facility Expansion Project will consist of paving approximately 63,375m2

 of 

the airfield. It was assumed that 5 layers of pavement would be laid. Table G-36 

presents the emissions directly from the asphalt associated with the Freight Facility 

Project. 

Table G-36 

FREIGHT FACILITY ASPHALT EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Pollutant Surface Area (m2) Emission Rate Total Emissions 

VOC 316,875 298 mg/m2 0.103 

PM2.5 316,875 9.05 g/m2 3.154 

Small Construction Projects. There will be a variety of smaller construction projects 

that, individually, generated minor emissions, but cumulatively generate a significant 

amount of emissions. These projects include: (1) new runway lighting; (2) passenger 

parking garage construction; (3) demolition and construction of several small buildings; 

and (4) rehab of several small taxiways. It was assumed that the cumulative emissions 

from these projects are approximately 25% of the emissions from the larger projects at 

HOU. The emissions from the other projects and the cumulative amount of future 

construction emissions generated at HOU are presented in Tables G-37 for 2011, Table 

G-38 for 2014, Table G-39 for 2017, and Table G-40 for 2018. 
HAS608 G-27 

Table G-37 

2011 FUTURE CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT HOU (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOx CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

17/35 125.98 50.25 0.32 8.52 7.55 7.33 

12L/30R 1.68 0.71 0.00 0.32 6.13 6.13 

Taxiway J 1.21 0.51 0.00 0.11 0.78 0.78 

Freight 13.16 6.22 0.03 1.05 4.03 4.01

Subtotal 142.03 57.69 0.35 10.00 18.49 18.25 

Other 35.51 14.42 0.09 2.50 4.62 4.56

Total 177.54 72.11 0.44 12.50 23.11 22.81 

Table G-38 

2014 FUTURE CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT HOU (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOx CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

17/35 89.19 32.90 0.17 7.31 5.33 5.17 

12L/30R 4.62 1.44 0.01 0.56 6.25 6.25 

Taxiway J 3.27 1.00 0.01 0.28 0.87 0.86 

Freight 10.84 4.48 0.01 0.90 3.88 3.87

Subtotal 107.92 39.82 0.20 9.05 16.33 16.15 

Other 4.48 9.96 0.05 2.26 4.08 4.04

Total 112.40 49.78 0.25 11.31 20.41 20.19 
HAS608 G-28 

Table G-39 

2017 FUTURE CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT HOU (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOx CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

17/35 63.76 19.88 0.09 6.16 3.30 3.21 

12L/30R 3.30 0.73 0.00 0.51 6.15 6.15 

Taxiway J 2.39 0.53 0.00 0.24 0.80 0.79 

Freight 8.02 3.13 0.01 0.75 3.61 3.59

Subtotal 77.47 24.27 0.10 7.66 13.86 13.74 

Other 19.37 6.07 0.03 1.92 3.47 3.44

Total 96.84 30.34 0.13 9.58 17.33 17.18 

Table G-40 

2018 FUTURE CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS AT HOU (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Project NOx CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

17/35 57.30 16.42 0.09 5.87 2.74 2.66 

12L/30R 3.01 0.56 0.00 0.49 6.13 6.13 

Taxiway J 2.18 0.41 0.00 0.23 0.78 0.77 

Freight 7.28 2.78 0.01 0.72 3.56 3.54

Subtotal 69.77 20.17 0.10 7.31 13.21 13.10 

Other 17.44 5.04 0.03 1.83 3.30 3.28

Total 87.21 25.21 0.13 9.14 16.51 16.38 

F.4.2 Ellington Field 

A new air traffic control (ATC) tower is planned to be built at EFD. While the project is 

certain to occur, the precise year of construction is unknown. As such, the construction 

emissions have been calculated and can be applied in the year that the project actually 

occurs. The future construction vehicle emissions from the future ATC Tower Project 

are presented in Table G-41 for 2011, Table G-42 for 2014, Table G-43 for 2017, and 

Table G-44 for 2018. 
HAS608 G-29 

Table G-41 

2011 ATC TOWER CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Crane 0.61 0.29 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 

Dozer 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Drilling Rig 0.24 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 

Dumper/Tender 0.18 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Grader 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Loader 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Pick-up Trucks 4.54 2.16 0.01 0.32 0.30 0.29 

Plate Compactor 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Scraper 0.15 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trencher 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Total 6.14 2.92 0.01 0.44 0.41 0.40 

Table G-42 

2014 ATC TOWER CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Crane 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Drilling Rig 0.10 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dumper/Tender 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Grader 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Loader 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Pick-up Trucks 3.62 1.62 0.01 0.25 0.23 0.22 

Plate Compactor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Scraper 0.11 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Trencher 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 4.23 1.88 0.01 0.30 0.27 0.26 
HAS608 G-30 

Table G-43 

2017 ATC TOWER CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Crane 014 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Drilling Rig 0.08 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Dumper/Tender 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Grader 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Loader 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Pick-up Trucks 2.73 1.20 0.00 0.21 0.17 0.16 

Plate Compactor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Scraper 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trencher 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 3.14 1.38 0.00 0.25 0.20 0.19 

Table G-44 

2018 ATC TOWER CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Equipment NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

Back Hoe 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Cement Mixer 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Concrete Saw 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Crane 0.12 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 

Dozer 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Drilling Rig 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Dumper/Tender 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Grader 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Loader 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Pick-up Trucks 2.48 1.09 0.00 0.20 0.15 0.15 

Plate Compactor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Scraper 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Trencher 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 2.84 1.25 0.00 0.23 0.18 0.17 
HAS608 G-31 

G.4.3 George Bush Intercontinental Airport 

Projects expected to be constructed at IAH during the study period were identified by 

reviewing the IAH Master Plan (MP) and Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). The projects 

selected for this assessment are based on discussions with HAS staff regarding 

feasibility and anticipated funding, are individually listed in Section 9 and repeated 

below: 

1. Extension of Secure Automated People Movers (APM) to Terminal A 

2. North Terminal B Improvements 

3. South Terminal B Improvements 

4. Terminal D Improvements 

5. Relocate TRACON 

6. Cross Field Taxiway SF1 

7. Taxiway SF1 Extension 

8. Will Clayton Parkway/Terminal Area Interchange 

9. Air Cargo Expansion 

10. Hotel Area Roadways 

11. Relocate ARFF Station 

12. Will Clayton Parkway Overpass at Kenswick Drive 

13. JFK Boulevard Elevated Lanes and Widening 

14. Terminal A Improvements 

15. Airport Maintenance Facilities Relocation 

16. New Terminal Roads 

17. Expand Fuel Farm 

18. Will Clayton Parkway Remote Parking 

19. Runway 26L End Around Taxiway 

20. Runway 26L Bypass Holding Pads 

21. Airline Maintenance Relocation (Continental Airlines) 

22. Runway 8R End Around Taxiway and Holding Pad 

23. Arterial Street Improvements 

24. Relocate Flight Kitchen to Central Receiving Area 

25. New Terminal Parking Garage and Commercial Vehicle Staging 

26. Extension of Non-Secure APM to Future New Terminal Site 

27. Runway 9 Bypass Holding Pad 

28. Runway 27 Bypass Holding Pad 

29. East Terminal Area Site Preparation 

30. Runway 9R-27L 

31. Runway 9R West Access Taxiways 

32. Runway 9R North Access Taxiways 

33. Runway 27R End Around Taxiways 

34. Will Clayton Parkway Elevated Lanes and Relocation 

35. East Terminal Apron and Taxiways 

36. East Terminal Building 

37. Extension of Secure Passenger Conveyance System 
HAS608 G-32 

38. Light Rail to RCC 

39. Demolish Existing Hotel & Terminal Buildings 

40. Air Cargo Expansion 

41. Runway 8C/26C 

42. Underground Secure APM 

43. Administrative Building 

44. Miscellaneous Airfield Pavement Replacement 

45. Consolidated Communications Center 

46. Rehabilitate Taxiways WA and WB 

47. Reconstruct Taxiways SA and SB 

48. Ditch N Extension Greens Road West of Old Rankin Road 

49. New Houston Police Department Facility 

50. New GT Staging Area 

51. Landside Roadway Rehabilitation – Roads/Manholes/Utilities 

52. Reconstruct Taxiway NA and NB 

53. Concrete Line South Bank of Greens Road Detention Pond 

54. Relocate Kenswick Ditch/Holding Pond 

55. New Detention Pond North – West (Turkey Creek) 

56. Building Demolition in Areas 4 and 5 

Table G-45 summarized the forecasted emissions associated with these projects, by year. 

Table G-45 

FUTURE IAH CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS (TONS) 

HAS Emissions Inventory Study 

Year NOX CO SO2 VOC PM10 PM2.5

2009 53.21 70.73 0.71 8.19 8.95 3.09 

2010 32.45 34.99 0.26 4.30 7.81 2.08 

2011 27.03 51.92 0.46 9.62 9.00 3.31 

2012 113.70 117.96 0.38 16.05 11.80 5.44 

2013 138.66 103.87 0.48 18.41 12.66 5.89 

2014 71.74 112.43 1.10 24.13 13.02 6.80 

2015 52.92 60.21 0.22 9.62 9.21 3.06 

2016 9.61 18.76 0.05 2.14 6.76 1.12 

2017 40.92 91.34 0.22 10.09 8.79 2.75 

2018 75.07 177.56 1.22 31.91 13.80 6.86 

2019 20.54 46.43 0.19 6.98 7.63 1.62 

2020 7.45 21.62 0.06 2.38 6.66 1.00 

2021 2.82 8.62 0.03 1.01 6.34 0.76 

In order to calculate construction emission it was first necessary to develop a 

construction schedule for the anticipated projects. The next step was to determine the 
HAS608 G-33 

annual number of hours off-road equipment would operate and the miles on-road 

equipment would travel. The final step was to apply appropriate emission factors to 

this data to develop quantities of emissions on an annual basis. 

Off-road equipment are typically used to move and grade fill materials, install utilities, 

pave runway/taxiway/apron/parking surfaces, construct buildings, and install other 

miscellaneous airfield support features. These include a variety of scrapers, loaders, 

dozers, cranes, and off-road haul trucks. On-road vehicles include transport trucks for 

the delivery of raw materials, supplies, and equipment; removal of excavated and waste 

material; and the personal vehicles used by the construction workers. Emissions from 

fugitive dust and VOC off-gasing of asphalt paving were also determined. 

Emissions from construction activities were estimated based on the projected 

construction activity schedule, the number of vehicles/pieces of equipment, the types of 

equipment/type of fuel used, vehicle/equipment utilization rates, and the year 

construction occurs. 

Data regarding the number of pieces and types of construction equipment to be used on 

the project, the deployment schedule of equipment (monthly and annually), and the 

approximate daily operating time (including power level or usage factor) were 

estimated for each individual construction project based on a schedule of construction 

activity. 

A usage factor accounting for the percentage of daily operation and a load factor 

accounting for the average throttle setting relative to capacity were used. That is, a 

usage factor of 0.75 equates to six hours of operation and a load factor of 0.62 equates to 

62 percent of capacity during operation. For the off-road equipment sulfur dioxide and 

particulate matter emission factors, a diesel sulfur content of 15 parts per million (ultra 

low sulfur diesel fuel) was assumed, based on EPA mandated regulations effective June 

2010. 

For on‐road vehicles, the anticipated vehicle miles traveled were estimated to determine

annual emissions. The following equations were used to obtain annual emission rates

for off‐road equipment and on‐road vehicles:  

Emission Rate (tons/year) = Emission Factor (g/hp‐hr) * size (hp) * 8 hours per day * Usage

Factor * days/year * Load Factor * (1/(453.59*2000) tons/g)

Emission Rate (tons/year) = Emission Factor (g/mile) * speed (miles/hour) * hours per day *

days/year * (1/(453.59*2000 tons/g)

Additionally, the construction emissions inventories for fugitive dust sources were 

calculated using emission factors within EPA’s AP-42 and other publications. Fugitive 

dust emissions result from the following activities: grading, moving soil, and digging, 

loading/unloading of trucks, movement of trucks on unpaved surfaces, and wind 

erosion of stockpiles. A fugitive dust emission factor of 10 pounds per day per acre 
HAS608 G-34 

disturbed was used. For the purpose of the analysis and based on plans for the 

proposed improvements, a daily maximum disturbed acreage of 15 acres was assumed. 

PM2.5 was assumed to be 10 percent of PM10 based on AP-42. Erosion control measures 

and water programs are typically taken to minimize these fugitive dust and particulate 

emissions. A dust control efficiency of 75 percent due to daily watering and other 

measures was estimated based on AP-42.
Part A, Attachment A 

Southwest Airlines Co. Correspondence 

Part B 

Landrum and Brown Technical Memorandum 
memo 

Landrum & Brown 

11279 Cornell Park Drive 

Cincinnati, OH 45242 

513.530.5333 | 513.530.1278 fax 

www.landrum-brown.com 

This technical memorandum presents an analysis of air emissions that may be 

caused by a population of ground support equipment (GSE). Information about 

each piece of equipment from the 2005 and 2007 inventory was provided to 

Landrum & Brown (L&B) by Continental Airlines on Microsoft® EXCEL spreadsheets. 

Methodology 

The GSE emissions inventory was estimated using the FAA Emissions and 

Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) computer model Version 5.1. The FAA EDMS 

computer program is the FAA-required and USEPA-approved model for estimating 

emissions and calculating pollutant concentrations from airport-specific sources 

such as GSE. 

The GSE in this analysis were modeled by population, not by assignment to an 

individual aircraft operation. The data for 2005 and 2007 provided the total 

estimated activity per year of GSE which was assumed to contain GSE operations at 

various gate assignments. The GSE emission factors used by EDMS are derived 

from EPA’s NONROAD2005 model. 

For 2005, there were 836 pieces of GSE. The GSE type, fuel type, horsepower, 

load factor, activity in hours per year, year of manufacture, and the internal ID 

were input into the EDMS model for analysis. Five GSE from the 2005 inventory 

were not included in the analysis due to lack of sufficient data (Air Compressor 

internal ID 9474R, MX Boom Lift 107865, MX Boom Lift 103321, Pickup 105392, 

and Truck 1512). 

To: MARIANNE CSAKY, DIRECTOR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS CONTINENTAL AIRLINES 

From: Rob Adams, Vice President 

Cc: Chris Babb, David Billiter, Ginny Raps 

Date: January 21, 2009 

Re: GSE Emissions Inventory 
memo 

Landrum & Brown 

11279 Cornell Park Drive 

Cincinnati, OH 45242 

513.530.5333 | 513.530.1278 fax 

www.landrum-brown.com 

GSE emissions were projected for the following future years (2011, 2014, 2017, 

and 2018). Based on the 2007 inventory, all future years included 1,258 pieces of 

GSE, an increase of 422 GSE from 2005. As with the 2005 data, the GSE type, fuel 

type, horsepower, load factor, activity in hours per year, year of manufacture, and 

the internal ID were input into the EDMS model for analysis. 

The activity levels of GSE were increased in relation to the total number of aircraft 

operations included in the Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) for Houston’s George Bush 

Intercontinental Airport (IAH). The percent change in the total operations for each 

year of interest, as compared to 2007, was applied to the GSE activity levels. The 

percent change for each year is given in Table 1, Terminal Area Forecast. 

Table 1 

TERMINAL AREA FORECAST 

Fiscal Year 

Total Aircraft

Operations 

Percent 

Change 

2007 603,374 -- 

2011 590,527 -2.1% 

2014 639,149 6.0% 

2017 686,154 13.7% 

2018 702,957 16.5% 

Source: Federal Aviation Administration, Terminal 

Area Forecast for George Bush Intercontinental 

Airport. Forecast Issued December 2008.

Once a particular piece of equipment is deemed to exceed the useful life then other 

operating, maintenance, and mechanical factors would assist in determining when 

the unit is going to be replaced. However, for this analysis it was assumed when 

the useful life for a GSE was reached, the GSE would be replaced in kind with the 

same fuel type. The useful life for GSE by type is given in Table 2, GSE Useful 

life. 
memo 

Landrum & Brown 

11279 Cornell Park Drive 

Cincinnati, OH 45242 

513.530.5333 | 513.530.1278 fax 

www.landrum-brown.com 

Table 2 

GSE USEFUL LIFE 

Description 

Useful Life 

(years) 

Air Conditioner 12 

Aircraft Heater 12 

Air Start 18 

Bag Tug 18 

Beltloader 18 

Container Loader 20 

Deicer 15 

Electric Passenger Cart 6 

Electric Service Cart 6 

Freight Tug 12 

Forklift 12 

Fuel Cart 12 

Fuel Truck 12 

Golf Cart 12 

Ground Power Unit 10 

High Speed Tug 15 

Lavatory Cart 15 

Lavatory Truck 15 

Mail Cart 15 

Maintenance Boom 18 

Maintenance Lift 18 

Manual Passenger Stairs 15 

LD3 Dolly 15 

LD7 Dolly 15 

LD8 Dolly 15 

Baggage Cart 15 

Freight Cart 15 

Passenger Stairs 18 

Pushback Tractor 18 

Pick Up Truck 12 

Sweeper 18 

Towbar 18 

Towbarless Tractor 10 

Van 15 

Water Cart 15 

Water Truck 15 

 Source: Continental Airlines, 2009. 
memo 

Landrum & Brown 

11279 Cornell Park Drive 

Cincinnati, OH 45242 

513.530.5333 | 513.530.1278 fax 

www.landrum-brown.com 

Results 

Total annual emissions are given in Table 3, GSE Emissions Inventory. EDMS 

input/output files are supplied with this memorandum. Due to the existing age of 

the GSE fleet, a majority of the units would need to be replaced by 2018. A 

substantial number of GSE were converted to electric from 2005 to 2007. From 

2007 to 2018 a total of 556 GSE was assumed to be replaced. Therefore, there 

would be a significant decrease in emissions from 2005 to 2018. 

Table 3 

GSE EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Total project Emissions 

Year (tons per year) 

CO VOC NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5

2005 7,650.80 222.29 435.02 83.98 10.31 9.86 

2011 6,676.61 192.42 393.01 65.91 13.44 12.90 

2014 5,998.73 172.05 356.01 68.97 13.77 13.20 

2017 4,593.99 130.94 273.35 70.90 11.90 11.38 

2018 3,175.45 90.36 202.12 70.13 10.51 10.03 

Source: Landrum & Brown, 2009. 
Part B, Attachment A 

Continental Airlines Correspondence 
Global Environmental Affairs

1600 Smith St. (HQSEN)

Houston, TX 77002

March 26, 2009

Peter Ogbeide

TCEQ Air Quality Division, MCͲ164

P.O. Box 13087

Austin, TX 78711Ͳ3087

Sent via email

Re: March 26, 2009 Update to Houston Airport System Emissions Inventory Study Draft

Dear Peter,

Continental Airlines, Inc. (Continental) has previously commented on the Draft Houston Airport System

(HAS) Emission Inventory Study dated January 9, 2009.On March 20, 2009, Continental provided

comments on the revised draft, dated March 16, 2009, and identified an issue pertaining to an aircraft

operations NOx increase for the 2005 baseline year.

Continental has received updated pages amending the March 20, 2009 draft from HAS to correct the

aircraft fleet mix.This fleet mix change eliminates the NOx increase for aircraft operations during the

2005 baseline year and addresses Continental’s concern.

Please feel free to contact myself at 713Ͳ324Ͳ6924 or suzanne.tedrow@coair.com or Marianne Csaky at

713Ͳ324Ͳ9056 or Marianne.csaky@coair.com if you have any questions or concerns.

Sincerely,

Suzanne Tedrow

Sr. Manager, Emissions Strategy & Sustainability

CC: Leah Raney, HQSEN

Marianne Csaky, HQSEN

Jim Parise, HAS (via email)

 
Part B, Attachment B 

Continental Airlines Correspondence and Corrections 
Global Environmental Affairs

1600 Smith St. (HQSEN)

Houston, TX 77002

March 20, 2009

Peter Ogbeide

TCEQ Air Quality Division, MCͲ164

P.O. Box 13087

Austin, TX 78711Ͳ3087

Sent via email

Re: Houston Airport System Emissions Inventory Study Draft dated March 16, 2009

Dear Peter,

Continental Airlines, Inc. (Continental) has previously commented on the Draft Houston Airport System

(HAS) Emission Inventory Study dated January 9, 2009.Continental has received and reviewed a revised

draft, dated March 16, 2009, of the Emissions Inventory.Continental’s previous comments on the

Emission Inventoryare summarized in items 1Ͳ5 below.Continental believes items 1Ͳ5 have been

addressed.

1. Continental operations at HOU

Table AͲ15 for annual LTO operations does not include CO flights to HOU for baseline and future

year modeling.

2. Table 3Ͳ12 – Duplicate

This item has been corrected

3. Table 5Ͳ1 – Continental Catering Vehicles

Continental Catering vehicles were removed from the HAS GSE inventory, eliminating double

counting of these emissions.

4. Appendix AͲTable AͲ8 and Table AͲ15: MDͲ80 Aircraft for Continental

Continental MD80 aircraft, which are no longer part of the Continental fleet, have been

removed from the above mentioned tables.

5. Growth Assumptions

The document has been revised to utilize the 2008 FAA Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) projected

growth for aircraft operations and the associated emissions impact. 

Question on Revised Document

Continental has one outstanding question on the Emissions Inventory, which was posed to HAS earlier

today.This item pertains to a specific NOx increase between the January 2009 draft and March 2009

draft.We are awaiting a response from HAS and the Emission Inventory consultants.

Please feel free to contact myself at 713Ͳ324Ͳ6924 or suzanne.tedrow@coair.com or Marianne Csaky at

713Ͳ324Ͳ9056 or Marianne.csaky@coair.com.

Sincerely,

Suzanne Tedrow

Sr. Manager, Emissions Strategy & Sustainability
CC: Leah Raney, HQSEN

Marianne Csaky, HQSEN

Jim Parise, HAS (via email)