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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

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2198

QUARTSLY REPORT

OR

EVALUATION OP REFRACTORY QUALITIES OP CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARP UP, POWER CHECK, AND

JAIHTEHAHCE APROiTS

W* L. Pendergast, C. R. Enoch, R.A. Heindl, R .A .Clevenger

<NBS>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
u. s.

NATIO

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing of

the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is engaged in specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief description

of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside of the back

cover of this report.

Electricity. Resistance Measurements. Inductance and Capacitance. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Applied Electricity. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Gage.

Heat and Power. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics. Cryogenics. Engines and

Lubrication. Engine Fuels. Cryogenic Engineering.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State

Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Measurements. Infrared Spectroscopy.

Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-Rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. Atomic Energy Commission Instruments Branch.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Aerodynamics. Engineering Mechanics. Hydraulics. Mass. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Mineral Products. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure. Chemistry of Mineral Products.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Conditioning. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Machine

Development.

Electronics. Engineering Electronics. Electron Tubes. Electronic Computers. Electronic

Instrumentation.

Radio Propagation. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation Services. Frequency Utilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation Research. High

Frequency Standards. Microwave Standards.

Ordnance Development. These three divisions are engaged in a broad program of research

Electromechanical Ordnance, and development in advanced ordnance. Activities include

Electronic Ordnance. basic and applied research, engineering, pilot production, field testing, and evaluation of a wide variety of ordnance materiel. Special skills and facilities of other

NBS divisions also contribute to this program. The activity is sponsored by the Department of

Defense.

Missile Development. Missile research and development: engineering, dynamics, intelligence,

instrumentation, evaluation. Combustion in jet engines. These activities are sponsored by the

Department of Defense. • Office of Basic Instrumentation • Office of Weights and Measures.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

MBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0903-21-4428 December 31, 1952 2198

QUARTERLY REPORT

Oil

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARN UP, POWER CHECK, AND

I AINTENANCE APRONS

.

by

W. L® Pendergast, C. R* Enoch, R» A# Heindl,R.A .Clevenger

Refractories Section

Mineral Products Division

Sponsored by

U, S. Naval Civil Engineering Research and

Evaluation Laboratory, Construction Battalion Center,

Port Huenerne , California

NBS File No. 9.3/1134-0

The publication, rep

unless permission Is

25, D, C, Such pern

cally prepared If tha

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

in part. Is prohibited

tandards, Washington

sport has been specifiiport for its own use,

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT, WARI.

7 UP, POWER CHECK, AND

lAINTENANCE APRONS

Technical Requirements

The preparation and mixing of each batch of concrete of

the same composition must be so controlled as to result in

a nearly constant air and water content*

The concretes must be of such a consistency as to result

in a 2-inch slump when tested in accordance with ASTM Method

Designation: C143-39 zNlJ7 - K a concrete is not sufficiently

workable to be placed when designed for a 2-inch slump then

this requirement may be changed to permit proper placing.

The concretes must develop a flexural strength of

600-650 psi after a twenty-eight day curing period. If the

required strength is not developed with a 9-sack per cubic

yard mix it shall be reported as such.

Resistance to destruction, when exposed to rapidly increasing and fluctuating temperatures, is necessary.

The compressive strength shall be determined on each

concrete after the twenty-eight day curing period.

2

1. INTRODUCTION

The objective of the investigation is the determination

of the physical properties of refractory concretes , and from

this information to evaluate their suitability for jet aircraft warm up, power check and maintenance aprons.

II. PATPARAT I OH AND TASTING

Cements . The physical and chemical properties of the

three types of cement included in this project were previously

reported £~2.JJ

.

Aggregates . The properties of the three dense aggregates

used during this quarter were previously reported N3_7-

Concretes . Seven concretes were designed using portland

cement with Bluestone and olivine, respectively, portlandpozzolan with Bluestone, olivine, and crushed building brick,

respectively, and high alumina hydraulic cement with Bluestone

and crushed building brick, respectively. The properties

determining the proportion, by weight, of fine to coarse aggregate in the concretes were determined from a previous report

- 3

-

Previous work indicated that the concretes designed

with olivine aggregates would develop the required flexural

strength with less than a 9-sack cement content Z~3_7

However since this concrete did not develop the required

strength as given in table 2 of this report other mixes with

this aggregate were designed with a 9-sack cement content.

The results of strength tests on concretes containing the

aggregates Bluestone or crushed building brick justified the

increase to a 9-sack cement content for these aggregates*

The vinsol resin was added to increase the workability

of the concretes. Water was added in sufficient amounts to

yield the required slump of 2 inches.

Five sets of test specimens were fabricated from each of

the seven concrete mixes. Each set consists of one slab

2U x 2li x 2 1/4 inches, two prisms 16 x 1| x 3 inches, 1 beam

36 x 6 x 6 inches, 1 beam 20 x 6 x 6 inches, 1 plate

8x8x1 inch. Four cylinders were cast from one of the

several batches of each concrete. The method of fabricating,

curing, and heat treating has been described in a previous

report A detailed description of the method of testing

for all properties of the concretes, with the exception of the

flexural strength, were given in previous report C2J.

- 4 -

However, a tilt-drum mixer with a capacity of 5 cubic-feet

replaced the 3 cubic foot mixer formerly used. This change

made it possible to fabricate all specimens of one concrete

within the same day.

Flexural strength was determined in accordance with

ASTIi Designation: 078-44 ZX7- The results of these tests

are given in table 2.

ITT . RESULTS

The high cement content as calculated for concretes

containing the high alumina cement, table 2, could have been

caused by excessive bleeding and, therefore, may be questionable.

The water and air contents for all batches of the same

concretes was controlled as cl sely as possible under existing

conditions. The actual amount of water added was determined

by slump tests. The entrained air was kept below five percent.

Air contents above that amount tend to decrease the strength

of the concretes.

The slump of 2 inches indicated satisfactory workability

for all concretes except those containing the high alumina

cement. Results indicated that concretes of this type required

a slump of at least 4 inches to be sufficiently workable. One

manufacturer of high-alumina hydraulic cement suggests that

their product does not produce a fatty lubricant for the aggregates as does portland cement and the results of a slump test

are not comparable for the two types.

5 -

Table 2 gives insufficient results for any definite conclusions but from the limited amount of work completed the

following statements may be made#

There is no direct relation between the compressive and

flexural strengths of concretes of different compositions.

None of the concretes thus far tested developed the

required flexural strength of 600-650 psi after the 28-day

curing period. The pozzolan-oli vine concrete reached the

required strength after a 250 °C five-hour heating but decreased

upon heating to 50Q°C. The other concretes decreased in

flexural strength with increasing heat treatments.

The resistance to abrasion decreased with increasing heat

treatments

.

The linear measurements of concrete specimens indicate that

permanent expansion occurs upon heating.

Laboratory /

Identification =*

Z-0n4

Z-O-B

Z-O-C

Z-O-B

F-O-A

P-B«*B

P-O-C

Z-BS-A

Z-BS-B

Z-BS-C

Z-BS-B

P-BS4

P-BS-B

P-BS-C

L-BS-A

L-BS-B

L-BS-C

L-BS-D

Z-B-A

Z-B-B

sJ

L-B-A

L-B-B

L-B-C

-^The first lette

The second lett

The third lette

cast the z

£/All specimens t in poorly

s/

Cement : Fine :

Table 1. Properties of the fresh concretes

Proportions by

Laboratory , weight. Cement

identification =• to fine and to

coarse aggregate

Z-O-A 1:0.58:3.40

Z-O-B 1:0.58:3.40

Z-O-C 1:0.58:3.40

Z-O-D 1:0.58:3.40

P-O-A 1:0.55:3.24

P-O-B 1:0.55:3.24

P-O-C 1:0.55:3.24

Z-BS-A 1:1.43:1.59

Z-BS-B 1:1.43:1.59

Z-BS-C 1:1.43:1.59

X-B8-D 1:1.43:1.59

P-BS-A 111.55:1.72

P-BS-B 1:1.55:1.72

P-BS-C 1:1.55:1.72

L-BS-A 1:1.38:1.61

L-BS-B 1:1.38:1.61

L-BS-C 1:1.38:1.61

MS-0 1:1.38:1.61

Z-B-A c/l:0.86:0.66:0.99

Z-B-B 1:0.86:0.66:0.99

Z-B-C 1:0.86:0.66:0.99

L-B-A 1:0.82:0.63:0.95

L-B-B 1:0.82:0.63:0.95

L-B-C 1:0.82:0.63:0.95

Vinsol

Cement resin by Water Air

content weight of Content Content

cement

Sacks/ytP

concrete

%

G*l7yd3

concrete %

8.5 0.02 53.5 0.00

8.5 0.02 53.0 0.00

8.5 0.02 52.7 0.00

8.5 0.02 53.0 0.00

8.9 0.02 47.9 1.56

8.9 0.02 48.3 1.55

8.9 0.02 50.2 0.22

9.2 0.02 50.0 1.20

9.2 0.02 50.3 1.00

9.1 0.02 49.5 1.99

9.2 0.02 50.4 0.80

9.0 0.02 41.4 2.77

9.0 0.02 44.0 1.50

9.0 0.02 43.9 1.50

9.6 0.02 40.2 0.00

9.6 0.02 41.3 3.30

9.6 0.02 38.9 2.10

9.6 0.02 39.9 3.10

9.1 0.02 62.0 3.30

9.1 0.02 61.5 3.50

9.1 0.02 59.5 4.50

9.5 0.02 64.8 1.75

9.3 0.02 62.0 4.70

9.4 0.02 63.0 3.45

Slump Weight

Workability

Notes

in. lb/ft3

1.75 164.0 Very good - rich

2.00 164.0 Very good - rich

2.00 I64.O Very good - rich

1.87 164.0 Very good - rich

2.00 163.0 Very good, sticky, rich

2.00 162.0 Very good, sticky, rich

1.75 163.0 Very good, sticky, rich

2.00 145.0 Qood, rich

1.94 145.0 Good, rich

1.94 143.5 Very good, rich

1.87 145.3 Good, rich

2.75 147.2 Good, sticky

2.50 148.0 Good, sticky

2.25 148.5 Good, sticky

0.50 147.5 Very poor.

3.00 148.0 excese bleeding.

2.25 149.0 quick set b/

2.83 148.0

2.00 131.0 Fair, harsh mix

2.00 130.5 Fair, harsh mix

2.25 129.5 Fair, harsh mix

3.25 W2.5 Poor, quick sot. bleeding

4.50 129.0 Fair, quick set. bleeding

3.00 130.5 Fair, quick set. bleeding

The first letter indicates the type of cement, namely: P-portland, Z-portland-pozzolan; L-lumnite

The second letter of letters indicate the type of aggregate: O-olivine; BS-blnestone; B-building brick

The third letter indicates different batches of the same concrete. Several batches of each concrete were necessary to

cast the required amount of specimens.

All specimens fabricated from this concrete were discarded due to a partial set while placing which resulted

in poorly fabricated specimens.

sJ.

Cement : Fine : Medium : Coarse aggregates.
c -~-

-

1 > i V -

'

•

- i

' v

* \

•

• -

.
Laboratory / identification &

Z-0-1

Z-0-2

Z-0-3

Z-0-4

Z-O-5

P-0-1

P-0-2

P-0-3

P-0-4

P-0-3

Z-BS-1

Z-BS-2

Z-BS-3

Z-BS-4

Z-^S-5

P-BS-1

P-BS-2

P-BS-3

P-BS-4

P-BS-5

Z—B—

1

Z—B—

2

Z-B-3

Z-B-4

Z-B—

5

L-B-l

L—B—

2

L—B—

3

L-B-4

L—B—

5

S/ The first lett

The second let

The numerals i

respective

£/ All blank spac

2/ Specimens were

were held a

d/ Cement : Fine

Table 2. Properties of cured and heat treated concretes

Proportions by

Laboratory , weight. Cement

identification & to fine and to coarse aggregate

Compressive

strength

6x12 in.

cylinders

Flexural

strength

6x6236 in.

beam W

Abrasion

loss

Young's Modulus of Elasticity

w"*“ Weight

9 loss

during

heating

.Before

heating After , heating &

after

heating

lb/in2 lb/in2

gm lb/in2 .x 10b

% %

Z-O-l 1:0.58:3.40 4205 425 45.5 5.190

Z-0-2

Z-0-3

Z-0-4

do

do

do —

600

455

56.6

73.2

. 5.138

5.257

3.585

2.736

0.18

0.02

5.40

4.48

Z-0-5 do —

P-0-1 1:0.55:3.24

P-0-2 do

P-0-3 do

P-O-4 do

P-0-5 do

Z-BS-1 1:1.43:1.59 4620 405 15.2 5.132

Z-BS-2 do — 360 23.0 5.273 2.694 -0.16 5.39 Z-BS-3

Z-BS-4

do

do

155 25.9 4.876 0.702 -0.73 6.43

Z-BS-5 do

P-BS-1 1:1.55:1.72 4000 420 14.9 5.470 _

P-BS-2 do — 340 13.1 5.710 3.051 -0.18 4.78 P-BS-3

P-BS-4

do

do

150 28.1 5.647 0.689 -1.04 6.25

P-BS-5 do

Z-B-l 1:0.86:0.66:0.99 4890 395 15.7 2.700 _

Z-B-2 do

Z-B-3 do

Z-B-4 do

Z-B-5 do

L-B-l 1:0.82:0.63:0.95 5300 300 26.3 2.733

L-B-2 do

L-B-3 do

L-B-4 do

L-B-5 do

S' The first letter indicates the type of cement, namely: P-portland; Z“portland pozzolan; H»umnite

The second letter or letters indicate the type of aggregate: Oolivine; BS=bluestone; B-building brick

The numerals indicate: 1-cured to 28 days only; 2,3,4, and 5 “ cured to 28 days and heat treated at 250* C, 500*C, 750*C, and 1000*C

respectively^ for 5 hours.

All blank spaces indicate that specimens have been fabricated and cured but not heat treated and tested.

2/ Specimens were heated at an approximate rate of 50* C per hour to maximum temperature. After equilibrium was reached they

were held at this temperature for 5 hours. (See note a/ for details of heat treatments.

d/ Cement : Fine : Medium : Coarse aggregates.
'

.

,
BIBLIOGRAPHY

£\7 ASTI'T Standards on mineral Aggregates, Concrete and

Ifonbitumlnous Highway Materials, September, 19i-i-8 - Slump test for Consistency of Portland Cement Concrete,

page 115.

Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using simple beam with

third-point loading) page 101.

/~2_7 National Bureau of Standards Report 1817 . ru National Bureau of Standards Report 2003

.

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act

of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950.

These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of

measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements

consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and

properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing

materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on

scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve

special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices,

codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services

and various consultation and information services. A major portion of the

Bureau’s work is performed for other Government Agencies, particularly the

Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the fisting of divisions and sections on the inside of the

front cover. Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and

devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring

agency of a particular project or program. Published papers appear either in the

Bureau’s own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific

societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from

the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents complete papers reporting teclmical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which

presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio

Propagation Predictions, which provides data for determining the best frequencies

to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also five series

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Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460,

Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ($1.00). Information on cali- bration services and fees can be found in NBS Circular 483, Testing by the National

Bureau of Standards (25 cents). Both are available from the Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and publications should be

addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of Standards,

Washington 25, D. C.