INST. OF STAND & TECH R.I.C iflips

United States Department of Commerce

National Institute of Standards and Technology

A//ST//t 39 7i

REVIEW OF CRYOGENIC MECHANICAL AND

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF Al-Li ALLOYS

AND ALLOY 2219

N.J. Simon

E.S. Drexler

R.P. Reed
NATIONAL INSTITLiTE OF STANDARDS &

TECHNOLOGY

Research Information Center

Gaitliersbnrg, AID 2089S

DATE DUE

Demco, Inc 38-293
NISTIR 39 yi

REVIEW OF CRYOGENIC MECHANICAL AND

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF Al-Li ALLOYS

AND ALLOY 2219

Materials Reliability Division

Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Boulder, Colorado 80303

December 1991

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, John W. Lyons, Director

N.J. Simon

E.S. Drexler

R.P. Reed

Prepared for:

Astronautics Laboratory (AFSC)

Air Force Space Technology Center

Space Systems Division

Air Force Systems Command

Edwards AFB, California 93523-5000

CONTENTS

Executive Summary vii

Composition Limits for Al- Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 vii

1. Tensile Properties 1

1.1. Introduction to Graphs 1

1.2. Alloy 8090

1.2.1. T8 (8771, 8151) Tempers

1.2. 1.1. L Orientation Graphs

1.2. 1.1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 3

1.2. 1.1. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 4

1.2. 1.1. 3. Elongation 5

1.2. 1.2. T Orientation Graphs

1.2. 1.2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 6

1.2. 1.2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 7

1.2. 1.2. 3. Elongation 8

1.2. 1.3. 45* from L Orientation Graphs

1.2. 1.3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 9

1.2. 1.3. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 10

1.2. 1.3. 3. Elongation 11

1.2. 1.4. S Orientation Graphs

1.2. 1.4.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 12

1.2. 1.4. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 13

1.2. 1.4. 3. Elongation 14

1.2.2. T3 Temper

1.2. 2.1. L Orientation Graphs

1.2. 2. 1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 15

1.2.2. 1.2. Tensile Yield Strength 16

1.2.2. 1.3. Elongation 17

1.2. 2. 2. T Orientation Graphs

1.2. 2. 2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 18

1.2. 2. 2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 19

1.2. 2. 2. 3. Elongation 20

1.2.3. Data Table 21

1.2. 3.1. Comments from the Data Table 32

1.2.4. Test Parameter Table 33

1.2. 4.1. Comments from the Test Parameter Table 35

1.3. Alloy 2090

1.3.1. T8 (81, 8E41, 8E50) Tempers

1.3. 1.1. L Orientation Graphs

1.3. 1.1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 36

1.3. 1.1.2. Tensile Yield Strength 37

1.3.1. 1.3. Elongation 38

1.3. 1.2. T Orientation Graphs

1.3. 1.2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 39,

1.3. 1.2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength - 40

1.3. 1.2. 3. Elongation 41

1.3. 1.3. 45* from L Orientation Graphs

1.3. 1.3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 42

1.3. 1.3. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 43

1.3. 1.3. 3. Elongation 44

1.3. 1.4. S Orientation Graphs

1.3. 1.4.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 45

iii
1.4.

1.5.

1.3. 1.4. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.3. 1.4.3. Elongation

1.3.2. Data Table

1.3. 2.1. Comments from the Data Table

1.3.3. Test Parameter Table

1.3. 3.1. Comments from the Test Parameter Table

Alloy WL049

1.4.1. T8 (851,

1.4. 1.1.

1.4. 1.2.

1.4. 1.3.

1.4. 1.4.

1.4.2. T6 (651,

1.4. 2.1.

1.4. 2. 2.

1.4. 2. 3.

1.4. 2. 4.

1.4.3. T3 (351,

1.4. 3.1.

1.4. 3. 2.

1.4. 3. 3.

8) Tempers

L Orientation Graphs

1.4. 1.1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 1.1. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 1.1. 3. Elongation

T Orientation Graphs

1.4. 1.2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 1.2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 1.2. 3. Elongation

45* from L Orientation Graphs

1.4. 1.3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 1.3. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 1.3. 3. Elongation

S Orientation Graph

1.4. 1.4.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

64, 68, 620) Tempers

L Orientation Graphs

1.4. 2. 1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4.2. 1.2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 2. 1.3. Elongation

T Orientation Graphs

1.4.2.2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 2. 2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 2. 2. 3. Elongation

45* from L Orientation Graphs

1.4. 2. 3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 2. 3. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 2. 3. 3. Elongation

S Orientation Graph

1.4.2.4.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

3) Tempers

L Orientation Graphs

1.4. 3. 1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 3. 1.2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 3. 1.3. Elongation

T Orientation Graphs

1.4.3.2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4. 3. 2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength

1.4. 3. 2. 3. Elongation

S Orientation Graph

1.4. 3. 3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength

1.4.4. Data Table

1.4.5. Test Parameter Table

1.4. 5.1. Comments from the Test Parameter Table

Alloy 2219

1.5.1. T8 (87, 851) Tempers

1.5. 1.1. L Orientation Graphs

46

47

48

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

91

93

iv
1.5. 1.1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 94

1.5. 1.1. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 95

1.5. 1.1. 3. Elongation 96

1.5. 1.2. T Orientation Graphs

1.5. 1.2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 97

1.5. 1.2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 98

1.5. 1.2. 3. Elongation 99

1.5. 1.3. 45* from L Orientation Graphs

1.5. 1.3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 100

1.5. 1.3. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 101

1.5. 1.3.3. Elongation 102

1.5. 1.4. S Orientation Graph

1.5. 1.4.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 103

1.5.2. T3 Temper

1.5. 2.1. L Orientation Graphs

1.5. 2. 1.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 104

1.5. 2. 1.2. Tensile Yield Strength 105

1.5. 2. 1.3. Elongation 106

1.5. 2. 2. T Orientation Graphs

1.5. 2. 2.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 107

1.5. 2. 2. 2. Tensile Yield Strength 108

1.5. 2. 2. 3. Elongation 109

1.5. 2. 3. S Orientation Graph

1.5. 2. 3.1. Ultimate Tensile Strength 110

1.5.3. Data Table 111

1.5.4. Test Parameter Table 125

2. Fracture Properties 127

2.1. Introduction to Graphs 127

2.1.1. Figure of CT Orientations 128

2.2. Alloy 8090

2.2.1. Fracture Toughness vs. Temperature Graph 129

2.2.2. Fracture Toughness vs. Tensile Yield Strength Graphs

2. 2. 2.1. 295 K 130

2. 2. 2. 2. 77 K 131

2. 2. 2. 3. 4 K 132

2.2.3. Data Table 133

2.2. 3.1. Comments from the Data Table 135

2.2.4. Test Conditions Table 136

2.2.4. 1. Comments from the Test Conditions Table 137

2.3. Alloy 2090

2.3.1. Fracture Toughness vs. Temperature Graph 138

2.3.2. Fracture Toughness vs. Tensile Yield Strength Graphs

2.3.2. 1. 295 K 139

2. 3. 2. 2. 77 K 140

2. 3. 2. 3. 4 K 141

2.3.3. Data Table 142

2. 3. 3.1. Comments from the Data Table 144

2.3.4. Test Conditions Table 145

2.3.4. 1. Comments from the Test Conditions Table 146

2.4. Alloy WL049

2.4.1. Fracture Toughness vs. Temperature Graph 147

2.4.2. Fracture Toughness vs. Tensile Yield Strength Graphs

2.4.2. 1. 295 K 148

2. 4. 2. 2. 77 K 149

V
2.4.2. 3. 4 K 150

2.4.3. Data Table 151

2.4. 3.1. Comments from the Data Table 155

2.4.4. Test Conditions Table 156

2.5. Alloy 2219

2.5. 1« Fracture Toughness vs. Temperature Graph 157

2.5.2. Fracture Toughness vs. Tensile Yield Strength Graphs

2.5.2. 1. 295 K 158

2. 5. 2. 2. 77 K 159

2. 5. 2. 3. 4 K 160

2.5.3. Data Table 161

2.5.4. Test Conditions Table 164

3. Elastic Properties 165

3.1. Introduction to Graphs 165

3.1.1. Temperature Dependence 165

3.1.2. Effects of Alloying Elements, Cold Work,

and Other Factors 165

3.2. Young's Modulus Graph, Alloys 2090 and 2219 167

3.3. Shear Modulus Graph, Alloys 2090 and 2219 168

3.4. Bulk Modulus Graph, Alloys 2090 and 2219 169

3.5. Poisson's Ratio, Alloys 2090 and 2219 170

3.6. 'Density and Elastic Constants of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy

2219 at Ambient Temperature 171

3.7. Elastic Constants of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 at Low

Temperatures 172

4. Thermal Properties 173

4.1. Specific Heat 173

4.1.1. Introduction to Graph 173

4.1.2. Graph for Alloys 8090, 2090, 2024(2219) 174

4.1.3. Specific Heat of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 175

4.2. Thermal Conductivity 176

4.2.1. Introduction to Graph 176

4.2.2. Graph for Alloys 8090, 2090, 2219 177

4.2.3. Thermal Conductivity of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 178

4.3. Mean Thermal Expansion 179

4.3.1. Introduction to Graph 179

4.3.2. Graph for Alloys 8090, 2090, 2219 180

4.3.3. Mean Thermal Expansion of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy

2219 181

5. Acknowledgements 182

6. References 183

Vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The review of cryogenic mechanical and thermal properties presented here

is part of a broader National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

program to assess new high-strength Al-Li alloys for use in the cryogenic

tankage of the Advanced Launch System (ALS) . The purpose of the NIST program

has been to assess the relative suitability of high-strength Al-Li alloys and

alloy 2219 for use in ALS cryogenic tanks. In this report, the cryogenic data

on Al-Li alloys 8090, 2090, WL049,* and Al alloy 2219 have been summarized.

Properties covered in this survey are tensile strength, yield strength,

elongation, fracture toughness, elastic constants, specific heat, thermal

conductivity, and thermal expansion.

Composition Limits for Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 in wt%

.

ALLOY

Elements 8090

• 2090 WL049 2219

Cu 1.0-1.

6

2. 4-3.0 4. 0-6.

3

5. 8-6.

8

Li 2. 2-2.

7

1.9-2.

6

1.3 - - Mg 0.6-1.

3

0.25 0.4 0.02

Zr 0.04-0.16 0.08-0.15 0.14 0.10-0.25

Si 0.20 0.10 - - 0.20

Fe 0.30 0.12 - - 0.30

Ti 0.10 0.15 0.03 0.02-0.10

Cr 0.10 0.05 - - - - Zn 0.25 0.10 0.10

Ag 0.4

Mn 0.10 0.05 - - 0.20-0.40

Others , each 0.05 0.05 - - Others , total 0.15 0.15 - - Al Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder

* The WL049 alloy does not have a generic specification at this time and

is commonly termed WELDALITE 049. Trade names are furnished to identify

the material adequately. Such identification does not imply

recommendation or endorsements by NIST, nor does it imply that the

materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

vii
i,
1. TENSILE PROPERTIES

1.1. Introduction to Graphs

In general, only measurement sets that included cryogenic data were

included in the graphs and tables. However, some ambient temperature values,

such as the producers' typical values, are presented. The horizontal scale of

the graphs was extended to 600 K because some cryogenic data sets also included

measurements above ambient temperatures and it was considered useful to present

the additional information. When available, data are provided for longitudinal

(L) , transverse (T) , 45® from the rolling direction, and through- thickness (S)

orientations. The graphs show data for the T8 temper for all the alloys.

Additional graphs are provided for the T3 temper for alloys 8090, WL049, and

2219, and the T6 temper for alloy WL049 . The graphs are organized in decending

order by temper for each alloy.

All tensile property data points shown graphically are listed and

referenced in the tables following the graphs. A reference number is provided

in the legend of each graph. Two formats are used in the tensile property

tables: (1) data, and (2) test parameters, including further documentation.

The data tables present temperature and tensile properties, including reduction

of area (not presented in the graphs) . This is followed by information on

orientation, temper, product form and thickness, thermomechanical processing,

grain size, hardness, number of tests per data point, and a reference and note

number. The reference and note number (which corresponds to the reference

number on the graphs) is a guide to the accompanying test parameter table. The

test parameter table gives information on the strain rate during testing;

specimen type, dimensions, and location; exposure time at test temperature

(available chiefly for data above ambient temperature); supplier; year

produced; lot number; product dimensions; and chemistry. The tables are

ordered by temper, starting with T8 tempers and ending with T3 or annealed (0)

tempers. Some cryogenic data is presented in the tables but not in the graphs;

for example, data on the T4 temper of alloy 2090.

Much of the cryogenic data, especially on current production vintages and

tempers, are from recent measurements at the National Institite of Standards

and Technology (NIST) , under sponsorship of the Advanced Launch System (ALS)

program. For more detailed information on measurement techniques, stressstrain curves, and microstructure, see ref. 1. The NIST data are denoted by

solid square and solid diamond symbols on the graphs. A smoothed line connects

the NIST data points corresponding to tempers under consideration for use in

the ALS program. The position of the line and the indicated temperature

dependence generally are based on measurements made on two specimens at 4, 20,

76, and 295 K. The material in the NIST program was usually 12.7-mm (0.5-in)

plate; and only ultimate tensile strength measurements were obtained from tests

in the S orientation.

The four graphs of alloy 2219 -T8 data in the L and T orientations for

tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength include dashed lines.

These lines, labeled MIL-HNBK- 5E , ^ were derived from curves presented in

1
Figures 3.2.6.41(a) and (b) of that handbook^ which give cryogenic values as a percentage of the room temperature value for ultimate and yield strengths,

respectively. The room temperature values used to obtain the curves on our

graphs for ultimate and yield strengths came from Table 3.2.6.0(b) from the

MIL-HNBK-5E handbook. These values are "A basis” minimums and indicate that

99% of the data should fall on or above the curve, with a confidence level of

95%. (Please note that this information is provided on the graphs by the

asterisked footnote.)

Most of the cryogenic data do not fall on or above the handbook- derived

minimum line for temper T87. We do not have a complete explanation for why

this occurred. It is to be expected that the solid squares, temper T851,

consistantly would fall below the line. Very thick plate results frequently

fall below the line. The "A basis” value does not pertain to plates of these

thicknesses. At thicknesses of 100—125 mm the "A basis” line would fall 21 and

14 MPa lower for ultimate and yield strengths, respectively, in the T

orientation. No value is provided for thicker plate in the L orientation.

2
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o - LO Oo

BdlN 'HlDNaaiS 31ISN31 3iVlNinn

3

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o *•“ ir> oo

O 00 (O

^

c\j

‘H10N3H1S Q13IA 31ISN31

4

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
^

cn csj

luaojQd ‘N0I1V0N013

5

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

ID OO

‘HiON3aiS 31ISN3i 3ivi^inn

6

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o o o o o

o o o o o O oo CO

^

CM

BdkS ‘HiON3HiS Q13IA 31ISN3i

7

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
^

cn CM

lU90J9d 'NOI1V0NO13

8

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
8090-T8

ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

T- to CXD

O 00 <o

^

C\J

^dVi ‘HiONaaiS 31ISN31 31VINinn

9

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
8090-T8

TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o

in oo

‘HiON3aiS aiaiA 3HSN31

10

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
8090-T8

CO CM

luaojad 'N0llVDN0n3

11

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

ID oo

BdlN 'HiONBHiS 31ISN31 31VlNinn

12

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
8090-T8

TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

o

o o

T- uo oo

'HiON3diS Q13IA 31ISN31

13

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
8090-T8

lU80J3d ‘N0I1V0N013

14

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o o o o o o

o 00 CO

^

eg

BdlAI ‘Hi0N3aiS 31ISN3i 3iVl^llin

15

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

^^dlAI ‘HiONBHiS Q13IA 31ISN3i

oo

I I O- <£>

J-LJ-J-I O

O

16

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
o o o o o

CO CsJ *1—

luaojsd 'NOI1V0NO13

17

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

LO oo

BdIN ‘H10N3diS 31ISN31 31VINIim

18

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o o o o o o

O 00 <0

^

CM

^dVi ‘Hi0N3aiS Q13IA 31ISN31

19

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
luaojad ‘N0I1V0N013

20

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
4J 1 flu 1 o m 1 m 1 « 44 1 o • a » z H o 1 m 11 m 1 • 1 •§ 11 M 1 as 1 < < < 1 X z z •N

««4 MC 1

(4 o < < < z z z

JZQ T3 B B < < < • O z z z U • « E Ji < < < « •*4 z z z H HC a 1 E u < < < o • • 1 X X z

V3H

s: 1 u 1 44 1 • M 1 M 11 M 1 to (O (O

to 1 o c • 1 a> B JS 1 o 9 1 < < < CO < H 1 z z z xo • 1 c a 1 H •H B u 1 9 • • 1 < < •< < H 1 z z z ^41 1 4J « 1 < Q • 1 3 s ( o p 1 O u g 1 pH pH M «4 1 • • • eu fi 1 N 11 • • • 1 44 1 m « m

4J 1 -4 u B 1 a a

a 3 c t T5 o t TJ Ti TJ 0 a 1 • u 1 ^4 a 1 «4 1 O o 0 1 z z z

i4 1 • 1 S' 1 pH pH s 1 pH PH • 1 CO O CD H 1 !-• !-• H

44 11 B 1 • 11 U M 1 o 11 o • 1 < M 1 »

PS 1 , 1 m 1 • • • B 1 (4 o M 11 M 1 • 11 at (O 01 Si 1 o «r X 1 tn m

>• 1 . m 11 pH pH 01 1 (D <D o X »n pH Ha m (O B P) o» pH • M N H

41 • • 0

No 5 VI z z < < < < < z z X X z < < < < < z z z z X < < < < < z z X X z < < < < •< X z X z z < < < < < z z z z z

(O (D (O <o «o < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z

pH pH pH pH pH C4 <t) N M M • • • • •

44 4i 44 44 44 « • P « «

-4

aaaaa

TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ^4

•4

OO 0 O o z z z Z z

pH pH pH pH

P^ pH pH pH « o O) o> o> H I-* It ft H U .J U

pH CM

«r r> pH <Z

(4 C4 <o

<n cs <z

CO o 0» CO

<n p» pH (O pH ¥1 m

pit CO 0» <4

Oft o a o

(O pH pH o CO

(O o o Ip pH cs M

VI VI VI :S 2 < < < < < z z X z z < < < < < z z z Z X s ? ? ?

tn 41 41 41 o O O o O

41 41 41 41

p P P P P m 41 41 41 41

(O (D tf> to to p P P P p

(O (O <o to to a a a o> 0»

0) o a 0» 9 pH pH pH pH pH

O) o CO 9 o o o o O tn 41 41 41 41 p P P P P

p> 41 41 41 41

CM CM CM CM CM • • P P P

44 44 44 44 44 m p p P P a a a a a

T3 TS T3 TJ

«"4 •4 0 o o O

O z z z z z

•4

pH pH pH pH pH

pH pH pH rn 9 9 9 9 9

It It

X It It

uuUu

o>p pH to

CM 9 9 « 41 to 41

41 <n

p 41

at • • • 0» 01 CD pH

PI P» PI PI PI NA NA

p> PJ PJ

CM o to to

<o

p P5p

CM PI P5 PJ

<n tn o 9 CO n pH pH 41 p P p < < < < <

p)n PJ P5 PJ

^u< < < < < X X z X X < < < < < X X X z X ? ? ? i ?

41 41 41 41 41 o o O o o

41 41 41 41 41 P P P P P

41 41 41 41 41

to to to to to p P P P p

to to to to to a a a a a

O) OJ OJ OJ OJ

pH pH pH pH pH 9 9 CO CO 00 O O o o o

41 41 41 41 41 P P P P P

41 41 41 41 41 CM CM CM CM P P P P P

44 44 uJ 44 44 P p p p P

•U «U «U

a

aaaa

TJ •o •o xU

•u •u

O o 0 o o z z z z z

^U

pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH Ph CO CD CO O 9 X H H f->

.J

U

CM P 41 o 41 OJ to

pH CO 0 a a pH pH to pH

toa 41 o 41

pH PJ to

p P P P P P

pH pH 41 PJ PJ o OJ O o

41

p 41 41 41

pH pH PJ PJ to to to O) OJ PJ PJ PI CM CM < •< < < <

PJ PJ PJ PJ PJ

21
4J 1 flu 1 o 0 1 4J 0 1 0 4J 1 ^4 a4 a4 a4 ^4 ^4 ^4 ^4 « « 0 0 0 i z H C3 1 00 1 •c

•3u 11 0 1 33 1 < < < < •< 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 < < 4 4 4 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X •N

COe 1 0uo < < < 4 < 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X £ . uCm& BO

(J ? ? ? i ? ? ? ? ? ? NA NA ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9 lO m m tn CO 41 CO 41 41 0

(9

a £ • 4 4 a4 aU a4 aH aU a4 9 o o o o o O o O o o X X

l-i

H

H 1 c a 11 m *n

m CO 41 41 41 41 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a u '4* 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s • 1 •n »n cO 41 41 41 41 41 X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

C/3H 1 £ 1 o o o O o o o u 1 4J 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • M 1 1 i 1 14 1 (O to CD (O CO 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 • CO 1 -0* <0 0 0 0 X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

•0 1 , , , , C 0 1 IS CO IS (O a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a jB 1 a a O) 0» 0» 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00 •«4 1 < H 1 « , 1 a

aaaaa

aa 0 a

O o a 0 a 0 0 0 a s a 1 f*s r** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a u 1 a4 a4 a4 •4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 aU M 1 • 1 < 1 0 1 o o O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 • • • • u 0 1 o o o O O o o o o o 3 c 1 m cn cO 41 41 41 41 41

•3

a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O O B 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 b ^4 1 • • • • • • • • o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

a> £ 1 wi

m wn CO 41 41 41 41 41 41 o O • • H 1 CM CS es cs N cs cs cs cs CS 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 1 • • • • • • 0 0 0 0 a 0 1 *» *» 44 44 «) 44 4J 44 44 44 43 1 m m 0 « • 0 fl 0 • a a a

*» 1 •4 «4 a4 •4 •H «4 •4 *4 •4 x4

BBBBBB

B

u

a 1 a

a

aaa

aa

aaaa

a

O

OOO 0 o O 3 c 1 ^4 a4 a4 aS o o t •a TS V •o o •o •o “O •o TJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O a 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 M 1 «4 a4 a4 •4 ^4 a4 «4 a4 M M M M u a 1 «4 ^4 •4 -4 a4 «4 4J 4J 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o M M M M M M H 1 oe at at X ae oe ae ae X X X X U M w u u U u

t4 1 0 1 eH w4 a4 a4 a4 ^4 a 1 ra IK fK a4 a4 a4 a^ H 1 ra r*^ rs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 o o 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CO H 1 h> l-> ii H I-) H H H H H H i-t H H H i-> H H H 11 e 1 0 1t •) .J >j •1 *3 •J -] U _] •J u aJ

&4 1 O 11 *0 • fS cs , 0 0 0 1 • • • • • IK < M 1 cs a4 a CO 0 cs f** cs a 0 1 a4 a4 a4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

ae 1 X

XXX

XX

X

X

X * 1 (4 <i0 •4 9 m a 0 0 0 0 , , . , M 1 • • • • • • • 0 0 0 o a 0 0 B 1 « « m 0 0 0 0 0 a «4 «4 0 M 1 •4 1 w 0 cs* CO o to 0 a4 O 0 0 0 CS CO & cs a CO 0 0 0 a a 0 O cs 0 a^ Z 41 <0 41 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

>«

XXX 0 ir» CO cs CO 41 -< 0 0 41

O 0 0 CS 0 a 0

CO Si «n a4 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 O o 0 0 a^ CS aU Z «n 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H

6> <n o o O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 a o» o o O fN» 0 a 0 0 0 0 CS CS 8 C4 cs cs cs cs CS 0 0 0 0 0 0 CS H

<s

4J o < < < < < 4 4 4 4 4 4 a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 • o X cn n tn <n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ee

X

22

*See

Comments
Raf &

Product

Aging

Aging

Soln.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Tamp.

T.S.

Y.S.

Elong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thlckneae

Temp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardneas

Teats/

No. K

MPa

MPa ZZ

Form

mm

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

iim

Data

Ft < < < X X X s m in

-r

mn o o o m m

CO CO CO

(D CO CO

o> 0» 0)

O) o>a

0^

n

m

m

CO CO CO CO CO* CO* B B B O O 0 m m • 9 9 9 M u M M M M W U M m m m

CO o o> H H

•J

VN NA NA

o!

CM CO

CM Oft 0»

CO CO

0»

M CO o

40 -r m CO CO n CO o

CM< < < lO 40 40 < < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X

VN NA < < X X

40 40 < < 40 40 X X o o

40 • < •<

CO CO

XX

CO CO

0> at < < X X

OB

a

«r < < X X

40 40

CO CO • • • M CM

1C (C 04 • m

4i 4J m

BB o o Ok ou

•H • « TJ TJ 9 9 M u

4JM

MO

O

MM

X

X

^4 40 40 40 40 04

CD CO o H l-l l» l-l

•4

u •4

CD 40

VN NA

CO

at CM o • •

(O CO OB o o

CO

CO o CO lO

CM 40

Ml 40

(O CO 40 40

at at

OJ CM < < u u 40 40 < < < < X X X X

•< < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X < < < < X X X X

PH PH PH

CM CM cm' CM • e • e

*» 4J 4i m • m « X X X X

•B o TJ o

-M 04

^4o o O o X X X X

40 40 lO 40 9 CO CD o> It It It It

•4 •4 •4u

pH PH pH

at 40* CM« • • at 04 o

CM 40 04

•r <<

CO CO o CO

CO CO CM pH CO CO PH PH

CO CO o o

r*^ fH CM CM u t> U U < < < < z z X X O

wi

,* o40

CO

f-4 oo4004 < < • - < X X z < < < < z X X X < < -< < X X X X < < < < X X X X

40

CM < < 1 X X CO CM

CO < < X X o o

OB 9

04 04 < < X X

CO

PH pH

CM* CM* 40

04 CM e e e a

4J 4J « m m m

04 04

XXX

X

TJ TJ TJ

•M m4

-4 04 o o o o X X X X

04

40

04

XX CO 9 CO o

It It It It

.J mJ mJ

04

<# CO < < z z

PH , • • CO

CO OB*

CM CM* CM* PH 40 CO o

CO

PH 04 CO CO pH CO 40

pH ^H 409 oo

CM CO o u < < 04 CO < < < z z X < < < z z Z < < < z X X < < < z X X < < < X X X

40 40 CM CM CM

CM CM CM o 9 o o O

OB O) 9^4

40 40 40 CM CM CM a • •

4J 4J aJ m « «

04X

X

X

TJ TJ TJ xMo o 0 X X X X X X CO CO 9

It 1-4 It

ij< < < X X X e CO X xi4

CO CM 04 o OB 04

<< CO

CM CO CO CO 40 40 o pH o pH pH

CO< •< <

(O CO CO

23

195

495.

450.

6.

NAL

T651

Rolled

Plate

6.35-38.
R«f &

Product

Aging

Aging

Soin.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Temp.

T.S.

Y.S.

ELong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickness

Temp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardness

Tests/

No. K

MPa

MPa ZZ

Form

mm

*ChZ

°Ch

Cond.

/im

Data

Pt 1 ^ - 1 m in m »n 1 « 00 00 oo 00 1 •H < < < < < < < < < < < 1 z z z z z z z z X z X ! < < < < < < < < < < < << < < < < < < < 1 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z X z X 1 •< < < < < < < < •< < < < < < < < 1 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z ? ? ? m m m I < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z o o o

in

m 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z in

to CD CD < < < < < < < < ( z z z z z z z z CO 0 CO CO CD 0 CD 0

CD 0 CO

OB OB

a < < < < < < < < < 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z X a a a pH pH Pe

04 04 04 < < < < < < < < < 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z 9 00 00 0 0 0

Ml Ml Ml fH pH pH pH pH pH pH

M < CM CM CM CM CM CM cm' CM CM CM cm’ CM cm’ CM Ml Ml Ml z sH 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 M CM CM e • • e e e e • • e • e e e • • e e •

.*3 4» *i dJ dJ s 9 m « « • o m 9 • 9 o 0 9 • • 9

04 04 04 04 04 04

Qu 0« 04 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

•o •o •o TJ •o •o •o •o •o •a •o •o o •o •0 •0 •o T3 —4 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 *4

04 04 04 04 04 04 04 -4 04 04 04 04 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 z 06 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 pH PH pH pH Pe pH pH pH pH pH PH PH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH

«n to « to <n CO CD CO « « « 9 9 9 9 9 9 H H H H h* H H H H H il H 11 lx H H fi

•J •4 mi •4 •4

u *4 * Hn f-4HH

nH

nH

n « r«». m <n Ml 0 CD Ml CM CM 9 PH 04 • • • • • o • • a CO •9 to PH sa4 CM Ml a pH pH -9 0 to CM CM CM M 0 0 pH PH Ml z z e 0 to CM « CM CD • • « • • • • • • CD • • 04 o lo 0 CM CD CO m 0 a pH pH M 04 Ml M CM CM CM

VN NA

CM 04

to «> o CM « to

a cm’ pH o’ Ml 00 0 9

pH « 9 o PI pH pH pH PH CM

CM

N CM CM CM CM CM Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml 0z NA

to

oo CD o o PH oo pH 0 CM OB CM 0’ 00 CM CD 04

cs CMm CD o o o CD 0 o pH pH 0 0 CO 9 0> cn

to to CD CD CO 0 Ml Ml 0 CD pH pH Ps pH 04

n

CO CD o o Ml Ml CD CD o 0 00 0» 0» CM 9 OB pH pH CM CM to r>

cs <s CO CM Ml Ml u IE IE IE IE IE IE IE 004 3 004 00H 5 VI 5 5

3A 3A 3A

10CO9

C/3

2A
R«f &

Product

Aging

Aging

Soln.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Temp.

T.S.

Y.S.

Elong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickness

Temp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardness

Tests/

No. K

MPa

MPa ZX

Form

sin

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

pm

Data

Pt <X <X <X <X <X <X <X <X

iO1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1 to1

to to to to to lO to to to to to to to to to «o to

0» 0» 0> 9 o o 0» 9 0» oa 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

O) 9 0» 0» 9 0) 0» 0» 9 9 oa 9 9 9 9 9

PK PS, Ps rs PS rs rs rs rs rs

flO « CD 9 9 9 9 CO 9 CO 9 CO • X CO O o o O O O O o O o O o O o o o o lO1 1 n1 1 m1 «o1 1 tn1 Ml1 Ml1 Ml( Ml1 Ml1 Ml1 MlI Ml1 Ml1

to in Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml N C4 (M N CM CM CM CM CM M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM • • • e • • a • • • • a a a a • •

*» 4J *» *» 4J 4J m m m m m m m • « • m • • m m m

•4 m4 m4 m4 ^ m4 m4 m4 m4 •4 BU Ou o« a. a. flu flu a. flu flu flu eu flu flu flu flu flu •o •o •o TJ •o o V a •o TJ TJ o o •o •4 *4 m4 m4 *4 *4 m4 m4 m4 m4 *4 0 0 0 o O O o o 0 o o o o o o o 0

06 as os 06 06 06 os os flfi ce os efl OS flS 06 06 os

w4 v4

PS rs PS rs PS rs r% Ps rs rs PS rs rs rs ps PS rs

PS rs rs ps PS ps rs Ps r^ rs ps PS rs rs ps rs

CO CO 00 9 9 9 CO 9 9 9 9 CO CO CO o 9 CD H Ki H H H H H H H H H H !-• H H H H l-i H H H H H H H H H H H H H O to CO CO rs M * O Ml CM rs Ml O 9^ • • * • • • 9 to CO Ml to rs Ml ps r* CM* to fSa o

Ml Ml CM #4 9^ m4 9^

rs CD « Ml Ml to 0» a4 tn <n 0» Ml ps • • • • • • • PS • • PS 9 a CO O PS to to o o o o PS 9 Ml a4 9 N o to to M N M CM 9 CM

cn cn cn «n 9 ps CO Ps CO

a to Ml 9

cn <n CO

n < < < z X X

M to aU CO COO o CM to CM*O 9 o oi «n 0» 0» rs 94 9 CO CO oa CM CM 9 CM o

Ml Ml Ml Ml •< CO to Ml to to rs 9 CO PS ps CO CO CO O o o 9 9 CO

rs rs to to to 9 9 9 o o o ps r-a CO CO CO CM CM M CM CM CM < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ou• o •

rs. to«

25

293

A30.

310.

0.8

NAT

T8771

Rolled

Plate

100
4J

flu • m H a 0N

COc«oXoc e • o & “ ^ • « 8 • -M M H HB ci.

m Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml M> 8 U < «r «< -< o c • X Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml M> Ml Ml Ml Ml

CO i-> £u

*1

bl *> CO «c

00 <

*»u3oou

0«

OS <X <X <X < •< ^ < < < < < < < < < < < <X<X • 1 <o to lO to to (O <o CO CO CO CO CO a ji 1 9 9 0» 0ft o 0» 0» 0» o OB 9 OB

^4 1 < < •< < < < < H 1 X X X X X z X 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 1 8 u 1 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 9 • 1 < < < < < < < H 1 X X X X z X X m t 0 1 • 0 1 <0 c 1 fO 8 i 1 o B 1 Ml f*4 C4 fK K ««4 1 n * • 1 • Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml CM CM CM* C4 CM P 1 a N CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 94 94 94 94 94 1 • • • • • • • 1 4J 1 « • o m o m

*» 1 94 94 94 94 94 •4 0 a 1 a a a a a a a 3 c 1 •o o 1 •o C B C c B B B B B B B B •o TJ o T3 0 flu 1 • 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 • • • • • • u 1 94 94 94 94 a 1 U u u u &4 14 w u M l4 M 14 «4 94 94 94 94 94 t o o 0 o o o 0 0 O o o o o o O o O O 0 1 X a a a a a a a a a a a a X X X X X X u t 0 1 94 94 94 94 94 94 a 1 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM Dl Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml a 1 Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml 94 94 94 94 • 1 oo 00 « OO CD « CD « « o O OD « oo o o 9 00 00 H 1 H H !-• a H H H H a H H H H H a a a a a 11 B 1 • 11 H |M H »« H H H *-• H H H IH H a a a a a 1 o 11 9 Ml Ml 1 • o < M 1 Ml o 94 Ok 94 1 X < < < < < < < < < < < < 94 X 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X , 1 » 00 9 C4 « 1 • O m* « « « Ml «n CO CO • • • • C4 • B 1 94 • o o 94 O M I 94 94 1 M 1 m 9 Ml CM o 94 O CO CO CO o* CO CO C4 CO CO CO Si fs. CM Ml « CO o o Ml Ml £ fO n m « CO CO CO CO CO n 0 0 0 0 0

>• « 00 to Ml o O Ml 94 oo CO CO OO CO CO

O

CO & flO 9 Ml (D Ml CD CD CO CO o o Ml CO £ w <n Ml CO CO C4 ra H

cL to to

O

O Ml Ml Ml Ml CO CO « CD Ml Ml CO (O o O 8 Oft O 00 M Ml Ml 00 94 94 9 01 P4 f4* CO CM • M <n <n n CD CM C^ 94 94 94 94 M C*0 li•

4Jo

No. 9A

XXX

XX

5C

XX

XXX

u94

u94

u94u94

u94

u94

X

CO

26
4Jou 4J « O • • X O M«aacbO oa

TJo :

ii

aI ^ H

V4 4^ O • OX X X

<D <X

ma

u•

S*

mO

B• a

a

*1

H

H c• 1 H H uO a < M

ae, , a 9 • eo M

aH

aHaHaHaHaH

<1aH

aH

aa

aaa

a

¥1

aaaa oMao na aaaa aaa oaaam aaoaaa

*na

aaaa

aaam

aa <aM

¥1aaoNM¥1aaHOC4u¥^a < < < < << < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z X X X

US , U •o s e0

VN NA

J s ? ? ? <X NA <X VN VN & u

4J« •e j: < < •< < < < < « ^4 X X X X X X X

kl

H

HS a ¥1 ¥n

a

a

aaaaaa

a

a e u < < < < < < < o S • X X m ¥1 a a a a a a a a a a X X X X X

COH

JS o O o o o o o o o o o o u • • • *1 a a a a a a a a a a a a • •« 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 n a a a a a a a a a a a a < < • • • • ta 1 X X M 04 M Ol m’ C4 C4 (S 04 o <s <s f>J c<

10 1 , , . , , . , , , , c • 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a CO a iS 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a 9 1 < < < < < < < H i X X X X X X « , 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a o c Cki 1 <c *c «< -< a s u 1 9^ 9 8 • 1 < < < < < < < H 1 X X X X X X

J4 8 1 o u B 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a Ok Ok Ok Ok 1 • • r** Ok Ok Ok Ok • 1 M 04 • • • • • • « ¥-» 04 04 1 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 oi 44 ^4 1 • • • • • • 9 1 *» 44 44 44 44 44 44 1 m • • • • « « 1 •H u g

Ok 0¥ BU flu Cb flua

•a o o •o •a T3 o •o 0 h • • 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 • • • • • u «4 • • • • • • • • • • • • «4 o« -k • • • • • • • • • • • • 44 «4 -4 O 0 US j: US US US US u: u: US US X X o o o 0 0 X CIS a a a a a a a a a a a a X a a a aaH H H H H

¥1

aaa

a Oka

CM CM

aa

aa

a <r

aa o o 44 04 04a

N

a

a

a CM 44 o Ok

a Ok

a

a

a

aaaa

a

aa

a

aa

a

aa

aa

aaa

a

a Ok Ok

aa

a

a

a

a 44

aaa Ok Ok CM CM 44 44 44 0^ a CM 99

cn

27
R«f &

Product

Aging

Aging

Soln.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Temp.

T.S.

Y.S.

ELong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickneaa

Temp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardneaa

Tests/

No. K

MPa

MPa ZZ

Form

mm

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

fim

Data

Pt

•H

w-»

m

CD CO o CD < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

NA NA NA NA z Z Z Z z Z z z Z ? ? s

¥1 ¥-1 ¥^ ¥1 ¥-» *r\ < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X o o O O o o o e o o o o o o o ¥1 ¥^ ¥^ . < < < < N C4 CM CM (M CM CM CM CM X X X X m <r» m m m Ml Ml Ml Ml »o ¥^ ¥^ ¥> ¥1

(O (O <6 (O <o (O CM CM CM o o O O o O o O O

<o <o <o <o (O CO X 0» X X 0» X < < MS < < < •< < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X pH pH pH

x4 x4 xX

•< < < < < < < < < < < < •< X X X X X X X X X X X X X o 00 « oo o o e o o o o

¥^ ¥1 ¥^ tn fK PK CM CM* CM* CM* x¥ x¥ x¥ x¥ in m ¥-» ¥^’ ¥^*

«i¥ x¥ «i¥ CM C4 CM CM CM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e • •

4J 4J

m

mm • mm • m • • « « mm

m « m

«-4 xi¥ x¥ x4 x4 xi4 x4 x4

Oi cu flM

XXXXX

X

XXXX

XXXXX

X

•o •a •o T> TJ TJ •o TJ MJ •o •o TJ •a TJ •o •o •o x4 x4 x¥ «4 x¥ *4 x4 ^4 x4 x¥ x4 x¥ x4 x¥ a-4 *4 —4 x4 o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o 0 X at X X X X 06 X X X X X X X X X X X 06

x4 xX xX xX

pH P^ pH pfc pH pH pH pH PH pH pH pH to to to to OO o 00 « o CD H H o o o o o o o o o H H H tx H H • • • • • • m ¥> ¥^ ¥^ ¥1 H »M »M H H H frM H fi Sm H H H

CM x4 pH • ¥^ 00 COm pH • O 0» ¥^ • • • O • • • to • • pH

X • 01 OO o 9 PH 00 CO CD 01 PH CM

O mC CM 04 04 m ¥^ ¥> CD CD CD « OO « ¥^ CD

01 • in * m • mm • • m CO xX CD 9 • • « m • m • • • O o • • • • • f4 04 m CD PH to cn x4 CD CD xX ¥^ 9 M M C4 M M x4 xX M OI CM

xX to pH

MO o CM

O CM* CDO pH X*

m CD

CO PH Oa CD CO <n CM C4 CM CM CM x4 xX xX x4 x4 X5 5 < eo <n 9 CO CO X M to xX CM O pH pH CM to CM o CM CM 9 oo 9 X O oo CD m ¥1 ¥^ ¥^ 9 CD pH xX to in to

¥^ tn

m Ml to CM CM CM CM CM CM CM to x4 CM to to to

m

4J

28
4J Oi« « ^ • « H O

COco

iSoe c • o & ^ • m v->

m

mmm

m

mm Ml

m Ml Ml

m o a £ • • • < < < < o .*4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o X X X X M H HC O. Wl in m m n m m in m in Ml Ml Ml a u -r •T -r -r 'T -r < < < < 0 3 • m m m m m m W-3 m m Ml Ml Ml Ml X X X X £u

4J t •b

4JCO

iO ^ s ^ H «c a ^ 6 U to • • < H

jJU3OO

*»Cm

kt o< K

PC

tieO

M

w^ I » i

VI *1 o • ox X X <X <X <X <X <X <X < < < < X X < < <X

(O

0» <o CO

0» CO

0»

(O

CO

0»

0>

rv

CO

0»

CO

CO0»

CO

CO

Oft

CO

CO

O)

CO0»

03

CO

CO9CO

0»

CD

0» CO03

CO

03 < < X X < < < < • 1 €0 oo o CD CO CO o o e 9 o o o o • 1 O o o O o o o o o O o o o o o e 1 Ml Ml Ml Ml m Ml m Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml M e 1 1 O B 11 fi 1 m Ml m Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml m Ml Ml Ml CM ni 1 O) N O) N N CM CM CM CM CM CM CM (M CM 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 *» *» *» *» 4J 4J 1 « m • m • m • • • m m • m o m m m o 1 *4 *4 ^4 x4 -4 -4 4 o g 1 a> cu X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

•o

«2 1 •a T3 T3 T> •o •o o o •o •o TJ •0 •o

u 1 ••4 •4 ^4 ^4 ^4 «4 ^4 ^4 ^4

04 1 •4 «4 ^4 «4 ^4 «4 1 0 O o 0 o o o 0 o o o o o o 0 o 0 1 06 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X M• 11 •H

Q. 1 pH pH PH pH pH PH PH pH PH pH pH PH pH pH a 1 PH fH PH pH P^ P^ pH PH pH PH pH pH PH pH PH • 1 o o CD o 9 CO 9 CO CO 9 9 9 O O o CO 9

1^ 1 H

HHH

H l-l HiHH H* HiH HI HiH Hi Hi

03

«DM01M

OM ^ m9

CO CO CO • P3 • « Ml a a4 p> P3 <n « Ml • • • • • • • • • • • N N CM a o' Ml <n

<n •M*

M Ml P3 CM Ml Ml CM PH PH

CO CO

a CO CO to 9 COa 9 9 P3 <n tn PI P3 P3 P3 P3 P> P3 PI PI < < < < < < < X X X X X X X o pH CO to P3 0» Ml CM Ml 03 CM a C4 CM o pH CO o

Ml Ml Ml PH pH pH 9 o O Ml CO Ml CO Ml Ml Ml CD cs o

Ml Ml Ml CO CO CO Ml Ml CO (D

Pa pH PH PI P3 P3

O o o CO

O CO Ml Ml ID CD CO CO CO 03 03 a O o o pH pH pH 03 O pH pH n <n <n CM CM CM CM CM CM C4 CM < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 9 oa 03 a o r> <n P3 PI P3 P3 p> P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 PI ^4

u

CO«

29

T8771

Rollad

Plats

12.
4J ooz 0

•§«X <z <z <z <z <z N

kl u£ . o o C c • o

(J

4J •

<0 6 X 9U H HC ae u 0 9 • CO f-i

USu

4U• M u

4UCO

«0c 96 z •«4 H

•0c ae u

:s 9H • •9 u 9 3 c o i o P B u ^4 a

*»u

B 3 S

•o o

04aBMOMf z

l->

<41 <M 4J

O • o z z z e (O <o <o CD CO to CO to CO CO CD CO CO < < 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 z z >9 'r <9 9 9 9

(O <o CD <D CO to' CO « CD CD CO CO ID

CD z o 01 OB z OB o OB OB O) OB OB z < < z z o o OB at OB z z z z z OB z z z pH pH p^ pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH

<»4 ai4 «4 < < z z « 00 o 00 « « 0 CO o CO o CD o o o o o o o o o e o o o O W-l *n m in m «n «n m m

««4

M »n in

m in

m cnmm cn

e>i CM CM «s CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

aaaa 9 a

aaaaaa 9 a

aa

4J 4» 4U 4U 4U *» 4J 4J «) «4 4J «4 4U 4U • a m 9 9 9 a a a a 9 a 9 a a a

z4 •4 •4 z4 z4 z4 z4 z4 z4

a

aaa

a

a

aaa

aaaaa

aa

•o TJ T) T5 TJ •o T3 T» TJ •D o T3 TJ T3 TJ o a 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

•4 ^4 z4 z4 z4 z4 *4 z4 ^4 •4 ^4

-4 •^4 •4 z4 «4 z4 z4 z4 •4 z4 z4 m4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

at Ofi z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

z4 a<4 ^4

pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH

r-a pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH

CD 00 o « 00

O o o O CO « o o eo o 0

ii 1-1

HH »->HH l->HHH Ii I1

H

H 1-

m

nmnn COnnmm

Mmm OT OT

M

pH

m fH 0 0 pH 0 CM CO 9 at CO 0 0 CO CM 9 o CO CO CM 0 CM < < cn CO CM CM CM aH z z

pH « CO 9 9 9 at pH 0 z CO • o • • • • • • CM* • • « z' cn 9 m 9 CO CM CM z4 < < z z

OB 0* 9 at

m o 0 0 z’ pH

pH 0 O CO to 41 0 9 9 CM < < < < CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO z z z z z 9 pH z' z z 9 0 o pH 9 CO 0 « 9 z 0 0 cn in 9 o O CM CO 9 pH 0 41 pH m 41 CO 0 0 ^4 »4 CO CO CO 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 pH pH CO n fO o o

CO CO CO pH pH pH 0 0 0 0 at 0 o o m 41 41 9 9 9 <o CO CO C4 CM CM CM CM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CO CO CO CO CO CO <o CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 0 0

41 0* 9z40 41

CO 0 o

CO CO

41 pH 0 0 O eo <0 o r» (N

ca CQ CD n tn n

30

477.

3SS.

2.

9.7 S

T8771

Roilad

Plata

25.

4-50.8

178

96.

4-6

545
a) 1 %4 1 0 m t fl 1 m 1 0 9 9 1 z H a 1 • 1( m 1 9C 11 •9u 11 9 1 33 t < 5 < •< < < 11\ z X z X z X • 11111 N J COB 1 «M

C5 < < •< < < < X X X X X X £

o' e• BO $ ? ? VN <X 1 &

(J 9 m in

m

m

a £ 1 < < < 9 1 o o o X X X uHc 0. in n n a u ^ < < < o 8 • n m X X X

CO

H£ 1 Q 11 9 M 1 U 1 (O (O (O

4J 1 1 1 < < <

CO 1 X

XX 1 . c • 1 (O <o a 8 £ 1 0> a o H 11 VN VN NA « 1 Oft a a s a i fK a CJ 1 ;? 8H • 11 NA VN VN m 1 « o

4J 9 1 • u 9 1 o o o' o 9 c 1 n in «n

•o

M

a 1 1 1 1 i o 9 a 1 u 1 o o • cu fi 1 n m o o H 1 CM CM CM 1 • • • • • • t *» 1 m • • • • «

4J 1 •4 *4 a 1 a a a a a a 3 c 1 0 t •o o o o TS o 0 a 11 •4 a4 a4 «4 a 1 a4 a4 a4 a4 1 o o 0 o 0 o 1 at at X at at at u 1 9 1 a4 x4 a 1 ra rs pi^ a 1 ra P^ • 1 «0 O O « «0 o H 1 l-> H H H H H

4J 11 s 1 • 11 CO to

Maam

u 1 o 11 , CM o4 t • • < M 1 CM

at 11 « « a m 1 • • m • a 1 CM • a4 0 M 11 Ul 1 • 11 o' <n Z

CO S3 1 CM o (n X 1 < < < <n C4 » 1 X X X 9 11 <0 a CM o

CO & 1 X 1 m

m -< •<

H 1 a <n «n tn a W3 a a a 8 CM CM CM H

<4 •

4J o a

aaMa

a • 0 X «n <n fK a

atX 4 < < < < < < < z X X X z Z X < < < < < < X X X X X X X X < < < < •< < X X X Z X X X < < < < < X X z z X z X X

•< < < < < •<

X

XX

XX

XXX < < < < < < X X X X X X X X < < < < < < X X X X X X X X < < < < < < X X X X X X X Xo pik p^ pik PS 9

C4 CM cs CM CM CM 41

a4 a4 aX

M • • • • • • •

4J • • • • • • «

a4 x4 x4 a4 aX aX a a a a a a a

•o •o •a •o o

a4 a4 «4 x4 aX aX

a4 a4 a4 •4 aX aX o O o o o p 0 X X X X X X at

«4 a4 x4 aX aX m m in 41 41 m aX

x4 aX aX aX 41 « « « 9 « « <o H H H H H H H m a a a a a a < < < < < X X X X X X X X X 5

CM

41a < < < < < < <n X X X X X X

«n <n « a' CM 9 41

p^ 9 m flO 9 <n 9 41 41 41 41 9

41 «n (D

a <n

01

a P^ PS

a

CMN CM

Oa o aaa

a x4 a4 aX aX o

31
Comments from the Ai-Li Alloy 8090 Data Table

Reference and

Note Number

3A—B- -Temper T851 appears to be T8771, and is reported here as such.

5C--Cold work is in compression.

8A- -Values reported are "typical" properties.

9A- -Values reported are "minimum" properties.

32
R«f &

Strain

Spacloan

Expo

Major

Elamenta

Nota

Rata

Typa

Dlan

Thick

6.L.

Spacimen

Tima

Supplier

Yr.

Lot

Product

Li

Cu

Mg

Zr

Si

Fa

Ag

Minor

Elamants

No.

10-4/a

mm

mm

mm

Location

min

Prod.

No.

L(m) X

W(m)

wtZ

wtX <z <z oo ooom ooo <z <z <z < < < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < < z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z z X X X X X X A A A A try A A A A A A A O O O O o O O o O O O < < < < •< < o O O o o O O o O X X X X X X

fM CM CM

A aH

A

O

O o o O • O o o o • o o O < < < < < < o o o o o O o o o X X X X X X M CM CM CM CM CM A CM

aH a^ * • • • • < < < < < < o o o o O o o O o o o o X X X X X X

rn

A

AAAA • • < < < < < < o o o o O O O O o o O o X X X X X X

CM CM CM CM

AA

A CM CM

A CM < < < < < <

aH a^

O

XXXXX

X

AAA

A « « « « « A «

fOA

A

AA CM »n • • • < < < < < <

C4 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CMX

XXX

XX

wnO try CM CM CM

m

AA

AA CM tryA • CM

OOOO o • o A

XX

X

X

X

XX

mm

AA

<n en

AA CM

AA

m try CM «< CM < < < < < < < < < < < o Z Z Z Z O Z X X X X X X

;5

AmAtry o o A A o

cn <n CM CMA « A o o fs. »n m lO m try < < < < < < < < < < < < < A A A A z z z z z z Z X X X X X X A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A < < < < < < < < < < z z z z X X X X X X S 9 o u o u o o U U U u u O o o

aM aM •4 aM aM aM aM a^ a4 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < m CM CM CM O o o <X

a«I §9

06

aI g

T39X

acmaI •o

•<X <X §

TJ9

06

g

•O9 cuXmX

•1^

XX cMu

•aH XX4J cXu££

CM

<n

CM CM

«n

CM CM

Om 9O

O

lO <X

•<X <X <X < < < < < < < X < < < < X X X X z X z X X X X X

«n a»

mm

A • CM IN • <N CM

M < < < < «o (O « f-t a4 •H X X X X

•o •o T3 o •o TJ •o •o TJ e s c c c C c c c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 o 0 O O O O o o < < o < X X X X X X X X X X X X <X <X<X <X <X N CN IN N CN A A A

Ol (N «N

NNAA

A «o n« u M <r>

PQ<n <«n < A

<o

33

tha

thicknaas

NA

ALcan
Raf &

Strain

Spaclman

Expo

Major

Elaroenta

Nota

Rata

Typa

Dlam

Thick

G.L.

Spaclman

Tima

Supplier

Yr.

Lot

Product

LI

Cu

Mg

Zr

SI

Fa

Ag

Minor

ELamenta

No.

10-4/a

mm

mm

mm

Location

min

Prod.

No.

L(m) X

W(m)

wtZ

wtZ o o o o o o o o o < m m • < X X X X X < < < < < X X X X X

CS CO oo • o o o o < o o X

•c o o o o •< o o X M M o 0» o o < o o o o X • • < o o o o X

(n tn (M • <X « « « « m tn m < N X < < < < < X X X X X < < < < < X X X X X < < < < < X X X X X c s e • i i u u u < «< < < X X < < < < < < X X X X X < < < < < X X X X X

(O < < •< •< X X X X ^ ^ ^ ^ X X aS aS

•ac

34
Comments from the Al-Li Alloy 8090 Test Parameter Table

Re fere lice and

Note Number

3A—B- -Reported composition is based on typical values.

4A- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

5A—C- -Reported composition is the average of the range provided for in the

Lockheed requirements

.

8A- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

9A—B- -Reported composition is the average of the range provided for in the

Lockheed requirements

.

35
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

ID oo

o o o o o O oo CD CNJ

BdlN ‘Hi0N3HiS 31ISN31 31VINinn

36

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
2090-T8

TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o O 00 CO Xt CsJ

B<dl^ ‘Hi0N3HiS ai3IA 31ISN3i

37

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
luoaojad 'N0I1V0N013

38

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o - IT) OO

BdlN ‘H10N3H1S 31ISN31 31VINinn

39

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o - in oo

‘HiON3dlS Q13IA 33ISN31

40

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
luoeojad ‘NOI1V0NO13

41

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

LO oo

BdlN ‘H10N3U1S 31ISN31 31Vk^inn

42

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o o o o o o

O CO CO xt C\J

BdIN 'HiON3yiS ai3IA 31ISN31

43

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
lU90J9d ‘N0I1V0N013

4A

100

200

300

400

SOO600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o Oo

O

o

O

o

0-0

o

o 00 CO Kt c\j

BdlN ‘HiONHUiS 31ISN31 3iVlNinn

45

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
2090-T8

TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

E

E

- CO

9

iS

a.o

o

cc

IIE c

«o 2

c

2 o

c/3

i I I I 1 I I I I I «<««»«««» 1 I I «»««» I ««»«»««>« t »««» I « t ^ Ooo

o

00

o

o

CO

o •o

oCNJ

^dVi ‘HiONaaiS Q13IA 31ISN31

46

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
2090-T8

E

E

at

CO

u

oE.

V4)

JO

a.

*a

JO

o

cc

liE c

o B L»- fO

C o o

£pCO

o

o

» « « « I « « « J L I «»>»»»«» I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ^

o

CO

oCsJ

lusoj9d ‘NOIiV0NO13

47

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
o

o

o

>«O

mJ

^

® • -m m

o • j; Z H> o

%u

Uieo

£« ^

e c

• o &

^

« S X • -x U IH

c a

s i M i»£u

4JM

0

•5 S X

I

f

o

u •

9 e

T3o

mt

t->

euO

< M

g(i-

«oo»

<z

<n00

0» o

00o O)ooO) o

o

CO

CO

CO

o» o

00 o

cn

CD

Oi CO

O)

COo

< < <

<z<z

< <

<

z

<z

<z ^ ^ ^ ^

^ SI ^ iS

i i 1 1 1 ^

<nm

C4

cn

(O«

M 9

(O

1 , , , , , , , • • •

• m 1 oo 9 <n «D CM O N o «A 9 9

n fii 1 CM <o 9 9 9 O o <n 9

X 1

1 9 to 9 9 9 9 m «n 9 9

m 9 9 o o

B M 9 9 r»a CM CM 8 CM CM H

9 •

o a U* ba ba ba a ba ba • o z ^4 «i4 o: z

<n9 9

CM O O

CM CM

9

9

< <

< <

O

CM

• • 1 9 9 9 O 9 9 9 CM a n 9 9 9 CM

CO a ) O O *< <n CM 9 9 9 CM CM O 9 9

• X 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 in to 9 9 ra 9

O

9

55<<<S<^<^< xzzxzzzzzzz

SI ^ ^ ^ <<<<<<

< <

M a 9 <1 «n tn m 9

U a O o o e o o o O fa p* fa fa fa fa X 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM C4

94 94 44 «i4 94 44 94 94 9

m • • m • • • • • • • • m • • •

4i 4i 4J aJ «J aJ 4J aJ m m • • m • • • b • « m • « «

*» «4 9^ 9*4 94 94 94 «4 •4 •M 94 44 zM u* e

0« a* Oa 04 a Oa a Oa Oa a a« ba ba a Oa Oa

T3 o *TJ o c 9 o 9 •tJ O a • m • • • • • m • • • • • • •

14 «4 94 94 <4 94 <-a •4 oM 94 zM 44 z4 a 9^ 94 *4 94 94 •4 94 z4 44 z^ o 0 0 0 o Q o 0 Q O Q Q o o 0 0 z m 9 9 as 9 z z 9 z 9 9 z z 9 9

CM

01

< <

< < z z

< < z z

< <

< <

< <

< <

< < z z

48

13A

293

i52.

S17.

8.

NA

L

T81

RoIIad

Plat*

6.3S-S0.
« 1 0 4J 1 €M oZ « ^Z « 9 < i H o 1 « 11 «•C 11 •3u 1 33 < < < •< < < < < < z z X z z z z z z CN

-p4 C/ac 1 « 1 i4 1 C9 1111 < < < < < < < < < 1 z z z z z z z z z £ 1 u •d 1 c B 1 < < < < < < < < < • 0 1 z z z z z z z z X 3 O I» 9 1i B X 1 < < < < < < < •< < 1 z z z X z z z z z H 111 aE u 111 < < < < < < < < < 9 • 1 z z z z z z z z z H * 1 X 1 U 11 • M 1 u 1 4J 1 < < < < < < < < <

CO t z z z z z z z z z • 111 < < < < < < < •< < H 1 z z z z z z z z z a 1f I • 1 < < < < < < < < < H 1 z z z z z z z z z • 1 9 « 1 • 1 00 o S 1 CO m

Ji

a 1 1 1 u B 1 Pz p«^ Pz 1 • • • • CO X 1 M N cm' CM CM CM CM N H t OZ oZ oZ CO 1 • • • • • • • • • 1 4^ 4^ X 4^ 4J 43 43 4J 1 m m 0 « • 0 0 0 0

*» 1 oZ oZ oZ •Z o a 1 a a a a a a a a a 3 c 1 o 1 •a •o •o •a TJ o T5 o O a 1 u 1 oZ zZ oZ m4 a 1 zZ •z oZ -Z t O o 0 0 0 o o o o 1 06 06 06 06 z 06 06 06 06 M 1 • t o a 1 zn e 1 oH o4 «H u • 1 9 CO CO o CO 00 9 9 9 H 1 H H X H H X X X X

4J 11 e 1 • 1 •«4 1 X

XX

XXXXX

X

u 1 o 1 < M 1111 < < < < < < o < <

06 1 z z z z Z z z z z 1 , , m « 1 o' o • « -0 • 0 B 1 C4 oZ CO O M 1 •z 1 < W 1 z « 11 m’ N o' «M o' CO O oZ

CO

a 1 o CO « o o 9 O 0 Z 1 evj CO 0 O (O 0 X 1 « 11 <n o CM CO p^ 0 o

CO Si 1 o o (O CO o oZ oZ o z 1 CM CO <c z-i (O p-^ 0 H 1 & 11 o CM CO o Pv CO f 1 o CM o o oZ Pa a S 1 m •0 0 CM CM CM CM H 1 • tI n n n Z n o < < < o 1 to CO CO CO CO CO cM CM CO 0 X oZ oZ oZ oZ

06 Z I

49 « ^Z oZ xZ oZ ^z ^z ^z oZ < < < < < < < < < < z z z X X z z z z z o o tn zn

cn c/a o o o o

zn

H H*

.«

•« « O O o o

<n z-» CM CM < < o • • < < < < < z z z ili oJ z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < z z z X X z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < z z z X X z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < z z z X X z z z z z < < < < < z z z to « to to to X z 0 0

CM CM < < o •< •< < < < z z z z z X Z z

CO CO

to to < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z o

CO1 to

pa pa pa pa pa Pa CM CM CM CO CM CM CM CM CM OZ o4 oZ oZ oZ 0 • • • 0 • • 0 0 0

43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

oZ oZ oZ oZ •Z

aaa

a

aaa euaa o T3 o o •o TJ o o

•4 «4 oZ «z «Z ^Z «Z «Z o4 «z •z -z xZ «<Z o o o o o 0 o 0 0 0 z z z z z z z 06 z z o #z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

U3uM (b3 UI U)

M U]wu

X o 9 O 9 XO

X CO o H H H H H H H H H H X xJ xJ X •J X X x3 xJ xJ

wn 9 xZ < < < < < < < < z X X z X z z X , m tn « , , «n • « • z •* o a to CO Pa a xZ CM

xZ 0 o tn

N *r\ tn

m tn

CO o xZ tn CO

m o CO CO 03 0 to to tn 0 tn <r\ m o O 0» o o in to

0) xZ CMO to 0) CM W1 to 0 pa 9 tn 0 to to in to

«9 «
R«f

&

Product

Aging

Aging

SoLn.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Temp.

T.S.

Y.S.

Elong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickneas

Tamp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardnaas

Testa/

No.

K

MPa

MPa

Z

X

Form

mm

*C

h

Z

*C

h

Cond.

ma

Data

Pt

<X<

X

o

a>

<n

a> a»

CO0» 00

01

CO

O)

COO)

00

O) OO o

0> O)

<X

< < < < < < < < xxxxxxxxx <<<<<<<<<

o

ino o

<<X

<

X

o o o o o o o

«n <n tn m

m *n m *n m

cs

o

0»

CM

o

O) o oo» <

X

<X

<X aS

<

X

<X

m m cn m cn o o O o o o o o • • • • CM CM ^4 • • • • • • M CM CM CM CM • • • X X X X X X X* CM* CM CM CO cn m xU e>4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

4J 4^ 4J uJ 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J m m m • • • m m « m • • « • m «

•4 «4 «>4 •U «u «u

flu Od X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

tj T5 T3 T3 TJ •o •o •o •o TJ •o T3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

xU *4 a»4 «u

•>U xU *4 «u 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o O O o 0 Q 0 o 0 o 0 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 06 X X X

M

CO X

«H

X

l-l XCO X

(S

l-e COH

COHOOH

COH<SH

-) •a I-* H H H H H f-« H

»n tn X X pH X «# CM X

<n X X n X O X

CM tn • VN NA VN NA VN NA VN X X pH X X X X X

pH tn X m X CM X CM , X CM* m X X •n • • • • • • • CM CM tn o CM X CM CM CM

X <n o m O pH X CM X tn x' X X

CM o O X CM CM X X CM CM X X X o o pH X w-> m m m tn X X X X X X tn tn X

X CM o X o o m X o X X* PH pH X

tn •c tn pH m tn X o X X X X tn X •r m «n X X CM tn •< X X X X pH pH pH pH n m X

- o o X pH 'C X X X o o tn »n X

o o p^ X pH X X pH pH CM CM X X pH X tn CM CM CM CM CM

<pH X n X X

X X

X X

flu flu u* flu flu flu flu flu 3D 3Q s X X X X ifU

e

e

CO«

50
flu

O

m

m • • 0 9m as H o sc I

kl o£oc c • o & ^

*3 • « a « >« M H HC Q. o

Ui

Au• M

kl *»ta

•e •S

a £ ^ S M5 I o

ki

m

um 3 B

T3 J< O U

ki -H Ot

a,a

*3GHO< M

oe

toGOM« I

OT ^ Hai ^ H

•M 4J

O • ox X X

<n cn

00 o 00 CD

O)

a 0» OB OB <X <Xoinoomoo oa <X < < X X < < < < < < <X <X <X<X <X<X <X <X

xxxxxxxx <<<<<<<< <X < < < < < < < <X < < < < < < <X <X < < <X«

«n <X<X

•>n <X<X <X

fi 1 CM

N

N CM CM CM CM CM CMN CM CM e4 C4 CM fSJ E3 1 «4 1 • • • • • • • • • 0 a a a a a • • • • 1 4i *3 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 1 m m • • • • • • a « a a a a a • « m m

*3 -4 x4 x4 «4 -4 «4 «4 •4 -4 «4 ^4 •4 ^4 «4 Q g 1 Cki Ou Ou X X X X X X X X X X X X X X flu •o o •o •o •o « •c •o •o •o •V o •D •o •0 •a o u. u x4 •4 •4 ^4 -4 ^4 ^4 •4 ^4 Qm «4 •4 ^4 «4 x4 *4 <-4 «4 -4 •4 o 0 o 0 o o o o 0 o o o o o o 0 o o 0

06 06

XXXXXXXX

X

XXXX ofl

XXX

H

COH

OHCOH oH

O

wnMo u

00

MU

wH

OH

m

a « o CM o at CD «n cm" CM* tn

in

m «n • cm" CM •

0»

<n oM

M < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X , , , 4-» m 9 PK to m

w-»

m «

to

aa o C4 *nn

a

aa CM

m

a 41 41 41

aa

to 94 o C4

N

aa

a

a

a 94

a CM

Oa o a a a a a a m a pH 41 -4

Ok CS

a o a

aa

aa o 41 41 41

a 41 o wn a a a C4 a a o 94 a a a 94 pH 94

to to

a

aa 94

M CM •c in

a

m 4’ 41

aa 41 41

to o o «n «n o CM

a

aaa

a 41 cs CS <n o o CM a 94 a a a a a

lO CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

a

aaa

aaa

M

a

a

a

a < a a a a a a n a a a a a a a 94 94 c 94 94 0i4 94 94 94 94 94 9^ 94 94 99

51
Ou

OX • «

f-> o mmm

•§umaN

COc

•*4 «oao a c c • o & “

4J • « 8 a U H H a8 U • • u• M

ki 4JCO

qoc •e a ao < H

«0c a i

8.“ < M

oe

•0cO

M

M

«; I >«

<M 4J

O • ox a X

cn

aa

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

aa

aa

a

a

Oft Oft Oftaa < < a

a

aa ^4 ^4 z X •H

00O) oo

o> 00

Oft

a

O) <X <z <z <z <z <z o

<n

COoom«o

in

CM<Z<z < < < < <z<z < < < < <z<z < < < < < < < < < < < •< <

r»

(O <z < < < z z z <z < < < •< Z< •< ^ ^ aS < < < < < < < z z z z z < < < < m . o • a 3 c a o g a in m m m 0 U 5 pH pH pH pH o o o o o o Pa pH M • • • • • • • • • • • Ou z CM CM M CM CM CM 9 9 0) 09 at oi CM CM H 1 94 94 94 94 94 a a a • • a a a a • • a a • • 4J 4J 4J 44 44 44 4ft 4ft 4ft 4ft 4ft « • a m a • « m m m m « 4J •4 *4 *4 -4 94 •4 94 94 U B Oi o< z z z z z z z z Z z z Z z 3 C T3 o •o TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ •o TJ •o •o TJ TJ O u. •

fc4 •4 *4 94 94 -4

cu ^4 94 94 94 94 o o o o O O O O o o O o o 0 O z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

kl• O a -C e M w 94 94 94 94 94 94 • a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a H H K H 1-1 n H H H H H H H H H H

k)C • • • • • • • • m m m 4H

-w4 'C VI VI

M V7n OT

m CO

uo 1 ^ < < < < < z z z z z <z < <

toom 0> mn o

(O . a a a CM a a

VJ Sj CM

m pH

a . X m m m a

a

H& m

a

a

g

Oft pa pH 8 CM

Ma o 94

«<

m

a

a

aa

m

aaaa

CM CM CM CM

CM

to

a

<o 0» CO

aa

Oft M

a>to

u o o o o o

5.2

14B

293

446.

372.

1.

NAS

T8E41

Roilsd

Plat*

11-16

163

24. 6

NA

NA

NA

L:2300*;

T:S00;

S:S0
Comments from the Al-Li Alloy 2090 Data Table

Reference and

Note Number

13A- -Values reported are "typical” properties.

13C- -Values reported are "minimum" properties.

13E- -Values reported are "minimum" properties.

14A- -Value reported is the average of the range of grain sizes

14B- -Value reported is the average of the range of grain sizes

15A- -Value reported is the average of the range of grain sizes

53
TEST

PARAMETERS o90

?«l X31 «4< ea• M w Ik

l4oe

to < eS M W

M

U

h «i>

O

N

A «X 3UM 1 X M

Ot

o,

o,3

CO Us" 8 e B S ® 8

-< «i u a a u 5* 3 B -S 2 e o

S. I

to -*aa

i: c m «u «

QC

O

W o o ow oo

14 oo oo oo

CMo

COo <X

CMo

CDCM

eoCM

CM

<n <nCM

fO

CM «

CM «CM

CM 1 u

uu CM CM

•• • • a o O CM o o o O aZ o o • • • • o O O o aZ aZ

••

H •aZ .9 .9 .9 H • • • a • a . • m o o tn

*4 aZ aZ o o o o o o o o o

a4 a4 c c c < < < H H CM CM f z z z < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X z z z

CM CM CM CM CM CM

aZ aZ

O o o < < < o o O o o o z z z

aZ aZ aZ CM CM CM o o O M U ba < •< < z z z

CM CM CM CM CM CM (M CM <M

aZ aZ aZ aZ aZ aZ aZ o o O o o o o o o

CO CO CO o o o < < < o o o X X X

pa Pz 0» 01 Oi 0» o» o

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM « M « « m m zo CO CO CO aZ O o o o

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

*) aa

a

u

X • • • 3 CM M CM CM

•o

X

O 1 M

XM

w

cu

a 1 CM CM CM CM 1 CM CM CM CM 1 • • I aZ aZ 111 0» a aZ aZ

4J • t O

a o o o o 1 CM CM CO CO z 1 CO rt CO CO 1 o o o o 1 aZ aZ aZ ^ ^ ^ ^ <z

CM

CS

CS 9«OaI

rt

c*

aI •oX I9« 8 8 I 1

atm I9m $ m m in « • CO • • CM • CM

to e

•o 3 B B B

B 3 3 3 3 O O o O

at Z z z 1

s§oB3£aiB3

<s

M

aSB3oz aI XM

aI •oX

aaB

jriu£*>£ ££*1 1

««a 2**aa 11 m« M

«n oB3 3

<s

r»

(O3B3Oz

CM CM CM CM o ^ ^ ^ ^ e o CM

*M (M CM «M ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ aS z pi <r>

54
Comments from the Ai-Li Alloy 2090 Test Parameter Table

Reference and , Note Number

llA- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

13A—C- -Reported composition is the average of the minimum and maximum

values

.

14A- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

55
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o ^

in oo

BdlN 'H10N3HiS 31ISN31 31VlNinn

56

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
WL049-T8

TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o

o 00 <o CVJ ‘Hi0N3aiS Q13IA 31ISN31

57

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
WL049-T8

Tt CO CNJ

lU90J9d ‘N0I1V0N013

58

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
WL049-T8

ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o

O 00 CO Tt CNJ

BdlN ‘HlONBHiS 31ISN31 31VINinn

59

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o “

LO OO

‘HiON3biS Q13IA 31ISN31

60

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
WL049-T8

CO CsJ

luaojad ‘NOI1V0NO13

61

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o ^

LO OO

BdlN ‘H10N3UiS 31ISN3i 31VINinn

62

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o o o o o o O CO CO c\j

Bdl^ ‘HiON3aiS Q13IA 31ISN31

63

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
o o o o o

CO CsJ T“

luaojad ‘NOIiV0NO13

6A

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o

o o o o o O GO CO CVJ

Bdl^l ‘H10N3aiS 31ISN31 3iviNinn

65

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o ^

in oo

BdIN ‘H10N3HiS 31ISN31 31VINIlin

66

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o

O CO CO CNJ

BdIN 'HiON3HiS Q13IA 31ISN31

67

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
CO CsJ

luaoj9d ‘N0I1V0N013

68

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
\

ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o O 00 CO CsJ

BdlN 'HlONBHiS 31ISN31 31VlNlim

69

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
TENSILE YIELD. STRENGTH, ksi

O

o - ir> oo

‘HiONaaiS Q13IA 31ISN31

70

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
WL049-T6

o o o o o

CO CsJ Tluaoj9d ‘N0liV0N013

71

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o ^

in oo

BdlN ‘Hi0N3HiS 31ISN31 31VINinn

72

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
WL049-T6

\

'tensile yield strength, ksi

o

o o

LO oo

Bdl^ ‘Hi0N3aiS Q13IA 31ISN31

73

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
WL049-T6

lU90J9d 'N0I1V0N013

74

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o o o o o o o o o o

O 00 <0 CM

BdlN 'HlONBUiS 31ISN31 3iVlNinn

75

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o om oo

BdlN ‘HiON3HiS 31ISN31 31VlNinn

76

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o

o o o o o O CO CO CM

'H10N3yiS G13IA 31ISN31

77

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
jusojsd ‘N0I1V0N013

78

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
\

ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

o

o o

o o o o o o o o o o o

O oo CO Xj- CN4 *HiON3aiS 31ISN31 3ivi^inn

79

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

LO oo

Bdl^ ‘HiON3HiS Q13IA 31ISN31

80

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
\

o o o o o

CO CsJ 1—

lueojed ‘NOliVSNOia

81

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

T- in oo

BdlN ‘HiON3UiS 3TISN31 31VINinn

82

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
01X01 -4<

*1

m

a 4j a a H O

hias

COc

hi (9U *0 s s • o

<5 ^

h> • « B « -H

hi Hi He p. o

CO

JSu

*»m

hi CO

•0 MB Sg £ ao -H

•<

H

•0 5 I u 4J a u • 3 C O M O ae

h>c a <z < •< < < < Z Z Z Z Z <z < •< < z z z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z < < < < <z

«nm

m »n 40 40

CO o CO o o o o CO CO H H H H H H

m«

in

00H

in« meH

H 1 mi •J xJ

U xJ

hi 1 o 1 . 11 O 40 *M <n < M 1 CM CM aH CM o« 1 , 1 CO OB OB lO CM OB , M 1 • • • • • o C 1 o o O o CM O O X 1 Oft 1 u 1 a 11 CO o CM co' cn 40

CO 1 o o o o • X CO CO CO X a CO <n o CO 40 CM CO

co' <n CD 9 o rs OB OB • X CO CO CO o O O CO Ha w-i CO CO o o o B id 0» OB CM CM OB a CM CM CM Ha . *i o *-5 n n •-) laJ o z 1 z 1

<o

lO

lOm

o»

CM o« m

CD oo <z<z o B - Pa pa pa pa Pa pa pa pa pa O • • • • • • • fi (M CM (M oi tM N CM CM CM e«4 (M CM CM 9 H x4 x^ xd xd Xd xd xd xd xd • a • • • • • • • a • • • O U

dJ dJ dJ dJ dJ dJ dJ dJ dJ dd dd dd

m

m

aaa « « « « • o m • a « a «B xM x^ X^ X^ x^ xd -d xd xd xd xd U a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a TJ 3 c • T3 o •o TJ •o TJ •a T3 TJ TJ TJ w •o •o •o •o O a • 3

id pad

x4 xM X^ x^ xd xd xd xd xd xd

U

a

x4 xid X^

—d

x4 xd xd xd xd xd xd xd dB o o o o 0 o O o o O o o 0 o K z z z z z z z z z z z z z z U«

Hin

CO

CM0» CM<OD <Z<z<z <z<z<z < < < < z z z z o cn < < •< < < < z z z

83

18A

77

840.

783.

7.8

NALT8

Extrudad

Bar

19.05
Ref

&

Product

Aging

Aging

Soln.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Temp.

T.S.

Y.S.

Elong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickness

Tamp.

Time

Stretch

Tamp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardness

Tests/

No.

K

MPa

MPa

Z

t

Form

mm

*C

h

X

*C

h

Cond.

tun

Data

Ft < < < <

Z Z X z

<z

<z<z

< < z z

cz

< << < < < z z z z z

< < < z z z

<z

<z

< < z z

z<<<<•< z z z z

< < < < < z z z z z

<

z

< < <

z z z

< < < < z z z z

z ^ aS ^ ^ ^ z

< < < z z z

<z< < < < <

z z z z z

< < < z z z<z< < z z

<•5 < < <<<<<<< <z

<z

•<z

<

z

< < z z

< < < <z<z

•< <

z<<<<<<< z z z z z z

z<<<<<<•< z z z z z z

«HCOH

<z

H

m in o O o

0» o at oi Ot M OI

eH u u u u u • • • •

m m m m m 4J m « n aa aa m • •

*4

TJ TJ TJ TJ flu flu P4 flu • • e e e

•o TJ TJ •9 TJ TJ TJ 9 9 9 9 9 • • • • w M u M m4 e«U -4 M M M M M 0 o o 0 M U1 U M M P6 ee Ofi ae

« o « « to H •-I Hi H H lO lO wn m

< < < < < (D <o <o 3 3 3 3 3 H H M

fo A OJ VN VN NA NA NA VN VN VN NA <

X NA A A m Ot CM A • A • • • O A* A A A A A

< < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X

o A o *n A A A A* OJ A A Ot o o cn o A to to O A A A

<n A A A A A A A A A Oa A A A

A A A Ot A A A O A m A O A CM A A < < < < < < < < A A A fo A A O* pH X X X X X X X X

CO in o A OJ Ot o O* A A A A

tn A A CM A A Oe CM A A A Oi A A pH pH m to CM CM CM CM CM

A A A A A A A A < < < m B

O O o O O O O O A A A A A X X X

OJ CM CM CM CM CM CM mU vU ^4

o

CM o

CM

s

o

CO

8A

873.

736.

9.SS

11.6

L

T6S1

Rolled

Plate

12.7
<M <**«. 0« o m o • « X H O

hiNM

VIc

*4

hi o£« o c c • o i o

4J • m B js •M H Hc a -ISO o • • m H

JSu

*»• M

hi M

to 5 a £ s^ ^ •u u9

•oO

flu

i* H

*»C

hi o< M

OS?O

M ” ^ i ^ ae - H

M *J

O • OK at X

<n

m \ m CO <•> fO

O

XXX <X <X

fl

Sg <X

sg <X <X1 <X o

<1oo om<Xooo o o

«n o*n oo

in oon <XoMO

CO o ooo oCD

O

CMOA

OA <X oo

(O<X ooA<X <X <X <X

AA

MAAAA

3gM < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X A « » A • A A

»n m"

AAA <X

AOAAA

AA

AOAAOAAAA

CM<A

AA

CM<A

AAAA<A

AmAA<A <A

AA«nAA

CM<O

CM

CM

«n<o

CM <X

CM

r>

u-> A <X<X

O

B 1 «n

m «n ^lh fia

••4 1 • • A

A

AAAAA

AA • • • X 1 M N • • • • • • CM CM CM CM 1 A to A a> A to « «o a A «>u 1 • • • • m • • • • • • • • • • • 1 4J *» 4J *» 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 1 « m • m • m • « « « « m • • m «

4J 1 xU x4 x4 xM xU e e xU xU xU xU o a 1 a a a a a a a a a a a o o a a a a flu 3 c 1 x4 o 1 •o •o o TJ •o •o TJ •3 o •3 « « 3 •3 3 3 O a 1 3 3 • • • • • M xU xU xU xM x4 M xU xU x4 a •M xU xU xM 4J xU xH x^ xU x4 o o o Q o o o o o o 0 M M o o 0 o o X X X K X X X X X X X U M X X X X X

xH

m

n u-in

A

A toA to to toAAA to

AAAA

A

|H

H

a

HHH l-<HHHHHHH

HH

«< CM xU

O

U-l

A

A

«< <n

m

CM o A

A

in

AA »n «n o A A m A A O A A CM CM CM <X<X<X<Xo

CM ouO«

CO

85

858.

706.

lA.S

11. L

T351

Rolled

Plate

12.
a*«

m 4J

f-> O

AS

M

e

bi u

£o "O e e

• o

<5 “

4J •

<0 a

• -H U H

H

c a

-* 8 o

o 8 • Xu

4J• M

M

4^CO

«e 5 a

00 5 I o

5 i •

4J A

U A

3 e

•oo

c

<wA

06

<X

<

z

<z<z

<z<z<z

<

z

<

z

< < ^ ^ Si ^ <<<<<<

zsSaiaizsisS^aiaiai^aiz^zz

<

z

<z

ai < < < <

Si Si Si Si

Si

si

Si

<

z <<<<<<

<z

<

z

Si ^ Si

<z

<z

m «n u B O o o r»%

fi OJ Z » 0» 9 O < < < CM z M C4 «s N C*4 aH z z z 04 04 04 04 aH A A u (4 M u A A A A A A • •

*» 4J m « • fl • lU 4J W 4J 4J 4J 4J m « aa z Z z z A m « A • • « A

*» -4 z4 u a 04 OU •o T3 TJ TJ "V z z Z z z z z z

3 c • • • • m

•o o •a TJ •o •o •o •o •o TS TJ TJ o TJ TJ O b. • • 3 3 3 3 3

M u s M u u ^4 zi4 z4 Z^ z4

Cu 4J 4J 4J *J z4 Az| 04 zH o o M M M M M < < < o o o O o o o o z z U U U U M z z z z z z z z z z Z

14•& z^ B > > > *n «n «n m m «o • cn en cn cn cn cn cn • • • o oo CO « <o o CD H H H H H H H z z z H H H H i-i 1- »->

«a4 1 zJ aJ zl •4 zJ z4 zJ aJ H H H H H H

U 1 o 1

1 cn . .

1 • O cn CM «n O) O CM < M 1 CM M 04 z4 z4

1 aH < < < < < < <

06 1 SZ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

, , , tt CM to m «n CM CO CD zM , « cn cn • • • • • Ok • • • « • • e 04 CD CD* cn «n aH m’ o 04 • 01 01 CO o M 04 A^ z4 CM CM w

. A 04 Pz 04 cn CM O in z4 CM CM* o o* CM* CO 9i o Oft o cn o o cn O o • « fv CM cn Wl X cn cn cn Mn CO CO X

A o» o cn cn <k MD CM o CM cn n fij M CM cn CD o m r«k cn cn CO CO m m CO X CD W-) m <o cn CO m CO CO CO OD o

l-ia -C f»^ Wl m CO CD o O

B z 0» o o» IK 0» 9 Cz 0» 9 rs CM CM A CM CM CM 04 CM CM H

A

o O o

<O <o<o S s

<

o> <«

<« •n n •n •n *n •n O X 1 aH z4 z4 04 04 04 z4 zA

to«

tn

in«

u

A

A

CO

86

295

637.

592.

11.

27.

T

T651

RoLlAd

PlatA

12.7
4J a* oz

4Jmo 4aN

COc

•H•bOauc c • o & “

4J • « a • -H u H Hc a -* a

u 0 9*

COHauua

«o -5 s 5 s c a 1 S

'J

M • • < H

4JO3

•o0u

01

aa

<M *i « O

atX <X <X<X <X <X <X

X

<<<<<<< X X X X X X <X <X XXX < < < <X <X <X <X <X <X<X <X <X <X <X oa oa oa oa aa <z <z

•M 1 H

HHH

H

HHHHHHHH

HHH

u 1 o 11 , , , * a

aa CM 1 m a < ** 1 CM ps a O < < < < < < < <

at

X Z Z Z Z Z X Z . , , Ok CM a , a a a « O a a a a • a • a • • • • s a a a CM ps a PS a a’ o »« CM* < u Z . • a o a a' a' a* a* ps a a a a O m & a a a a a o a a p^ p^ a a a CM • X fTi a a p^ a p^ a a a a a a a a a p-h X. « O n a o a a p% a a CM a a' a

tn & am

a

a

a o fs

a

a CM

a

X

a p^a

a

a PS

a

a fsaa

aa p^ ps

a

H

sLa

aa p^ p^ rs

aa

a

a o a a a PS a a Ps a p^ a a Ps CM 1 CM CM CM CM CM P4 <z<z a a a a a U § P^ rs ps Ps PS a o o o o ps Ps Ps ps Ps Ps • • • • a • • • • • fC CM CM CM CM a a* a a a' a CM CM CM CM CM CM N a' «H • • 9 9 9 u u M u u 14 9 9 9 9 9 9

4J 4J 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4J 4J

mm 9 9 9 a

aaaaaa 9 9 9 9 9 9 o a Oi 04 04 04 04 •o •o •o •o •o a a a a a fri 9 c 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

•9 0 •0 TJ •o •9 •9 •o -o T3 •o 0 u. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 • M M M fc4 u w &4 -M

04 4J 4.) m4 0 O O O O M M N M M M 9 0 0 0 O o o z z z z z M M W M M M w z z z z at at

«<N « a « « « a a a a a H H H H H

a

aa

aaa

aaa

aaaa < < < < < aaa

aaa

HHHH

HHH 3 3 3 3 H

HH

HHHaaao

CM <Z

<<<<<<< < < < < < <<<<<< 99

CO

87

860.

726.

8.9

8.7 T

T651

Rollsd

Plat*

12.
^ ^ 04 o « 9 9 4J o • « X f-» a u9SN

COc

•*4 «o£o *o c c • o

<5

4J • « 6 JS OU H Hc a o

CO

jCo

4Ju

4JCO

«0 •S

a JC

•0s3 a

u « u • 3 C O c^ U -*4 a .c

4Js e

•o o o u.

kl 0«aaMo< K

oiM» g ai -

k4 4J

O « o z

OS z <z <z <z < < < 5 •< < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X OS z z z z z z z z z z z <z ? ? ? VH VN VN VN NA VN < •H z4 < < < < < < X z z z z z z

<c -c •9 -r < o o o o o o O o o < < < < < < z <n m 0 0 0 0 0 z z z z z z < < < a < < < X o o o o o o o o o z z z z z X o 0 o <c 0 c. 0

<M CM C4 < < < < < < < X z z z z z z o o O o o o o o o CD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 z4 < < < < < < < X z z z z z z

«n 0 0 0 0 0 0 ps fs Ps p% p^ • <o «n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • • « • • • • • • • • • d CM CM CM CM d tf> <D 0 » « 0 0* 0 0 z4 z4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * • 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J .u 4J 4J 4J 4J m • « m • m m m • m • « • « «

o"4 Zi4 zH z*4 z4 (z4 Ot 04 04 04 SU Oi Ot 04 z z z z z z z

•o •o tJ •a •a -a •o TJ TJ TJ •o TJ o • z4 Z^ Z^ z4 z4 0-4 ^4 z4 zH z4 «4 z| ^4 z4 zH z4 *4 o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o « os z z z z z z z z z z z as z

z4 z4 z4 a4 0 0 0 0 0 0

<o <D to 0 « 0 « (O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H i-> H H H H H H H H 1- i-> H H •-> H

l-> to

HHH

H tiHHHHHH 1-4 Hi

a CM CM 0 ci • • CM CM CM 0 0 < < < < < < < < < < z4 z4 < Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

«n PS at 0 « CM

a , , , • • • • • • • • 0 m M 0 0 CM CM z4 < < < < Z z Z z

«) o <«- 0 « •9 0 cm' CM CM CM « 0 0 0

r> o m CM 0 0 0 0 0 Z4

O o a

O

CD

X 0 « a 0 fs fs <9 0 0 0 0 . . . . . CM Pv CM a 0 0 CM Cl 0 pi* 0 0 0

CD fs

m fs 0 0 fs 0 0 0 0 Ps 0 o o CO 0 0 0 0 0 fs P^ C% 0 0 0 0 fs 0

•9 0 0 0 fs r-* 0 0 0 0 O o a a a fs ps ps a 0 ps P^ d d

CM CM CO

d CM

MM

u o 0 0 z a

B z 00 0 0 o a a 0 0 0 o o o o o o z4 b4

«J

Dmo

<r> on <z z z < < < <

at

CMaCO

u

CO

88

798.

624.

11.

16.3 T

T351

Rollad

Plat*

12.7
O

a

*i

a

a o a

a

XHa

kiasN

COeu

(9

JSo -o B B • O 5 “

*1

m • B £ « -H U H HB a

-* S u o a • CO Xu

tia

M

h

CO

w

-M Sa « -H < H « • 5 I*

u

u3

•oO

uO<

06M <X<X<XN

«' • a 1 0» CM CM o o cn CM

O to to o cn o

CO Oj 1 CM

m tn

O o to CO CM CM CO to to o o O) to .•2 ' {*> lO tn m m to to to to to to

•a•MaX o O X o« <X<X

aSN <X <X <X <X<X < < < < < < ? ? ? <1 <X <X <X <X <X < < < < < < < < X X < < X X < o

«n oin o«n o o o < in m m X o« o

CMO

<o o o

CMo« o

CO o

CMo

(S o

00

X

B

tn o B o p»** PK ria p^ <1

m

m lO tfl • • • • • • • • <n tn n «n <n <n tn <*) en 0) a a CM CM CM CM CM CM • • • • aN ai4 to a to « to lO to « to u i4 U a a • • • • • • a • • • a • • o « m *> 4J 4J 4J 4J lU w a n aa a a • • o m m « « m m • • 0 40 4J ai4 ai4 a^ m4 aM a^ a^ o B •o Om X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 C • • • 0 •o •o T> •o IS •o o •o •o •o •o •o n •o 0 u. 3 3 3 M M U M a4 aM a4 a^ a^ a4

OLi 4J 4J aM ai4 a^ a4 a^ a4 a^ aM a^ a^ M M M o 0 0 o o 0 o 0 o o p 0 O o o M U M X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OS a I B 1 w-i m m n a 1 cn <n tn « 9 « o O O H 1 H H H H H H H H H

lOH

(O

XH(OH<o(1

n « CO «CM

CM -I CM CM

CM <X

CMe <D <Z

0»

a r) CM CM 01 P^ tn

co‘

X P^ 03 to

m ¥1

X to •e to lO

m to to

Ha

m *n to to

B o» P»a 03 03 p% p^ a CM CM CM

to

1*^ oo lO0»

(n(O

«0

0»

CM

CM

(Oo9

CM s s

Ct* o

6u

CD

Ou

C/3

89

295

604.

NA

NA

NAS

T651

Rollad

Plata

12.7
^ 04 o a m m o m m z H o %

(0euO

jeo tJ e e • o & “ • « 8 JS •w l-l H5 I* o O i • CO HU

4J• 94

14 4JCO

«0 e £

:? s «

•S I o 5 5 *

4^ « u • 3 C ^ M o u M -«4s g

•o o 0 «u

hi 01

g*

«)c

hi o< M

OS

•0eO

M

Mj i ” i

h> o O X <X <X <X <X < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < < X X X X X X z 5 X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X z X X X X X X X < < << < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < •< < •< < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < •< < < < < < < < •< •< < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

fH IK p%

N oi CM CM CM cm" CM CM* CM cm’ cm" CM CM CM CM

x4 44 44 44 a4 44 44 • • • • m • a a • a a • • • a

4J 4J 4» 4i 43 43 4J 43 *> 4^ 1*^ 4J « a « m a a a a m a a D a •

•H 44

cu 04 04 04 04

XXX

X

XXXX

XX o •a o •o •o Tj *o •o •o TJ •o •o TJ o T>

«i4 xH x4 x4 44 44 44 44 44 44 xH •4 xa4 w4 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 o p o o o o o o O O O O O o O

atX

XXX

X

X

X

XXXX

X

X

X

«>4 x4 x4 x4 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 m O m m o 41 tfl Ml 41 « <0 o CD « <o ID ID ID ID lO <n m «n cn K •1 H H 1-1 l1 H 1-1 •-4 1-1 Hi Hi Hi H Hi

CO 00

M to

nM OTn

MM tam CO

M to < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < :< < < < X < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X o m ID at <n ID 4-1 CM CO 44 a

<n o rg CM

O <n 44 CM 44 o

(0 o o ID IS IS ID 41 in ID ¥1 m ID 03 m m ID ID -4- m Wl ID IS a r*% a o P*c O) 01 P^ p^ CM CM CM CM CM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

x4 44 44 44 44 44 a4 a4 44 •4 < <

CM

*»

Ok

TJOX

«n

COMem

U

CO«

90

745.

NA

NA

NAS

T3S1

Rollad

Plat*

12.7
Raf &

Strain

Spaclotan

Expo

Major

Eiamanta

Nota

Rata

Typa

01am

Thick

G.L.

Spaclman

Tima

Suppilar

Yr.

Lot

Product

LI

Cu

Mg

Zr

SI

Fa

Ag

Minor

Eiamanta

No.

10-4/a

oao

aaa

nm

Location

min

Prod.

No.

L(m) X

M(m)

wtZ

wtZ

CO CO CO <o CO o o o o o o o o o o < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z H z H H z z H H z z z

PK

m inm » -r -T «r -r •y cn cn <n cn CO o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o m tn <n n cn cn CO o o o 1 o o o w < < < < < < < < < < < o o o o o o z z z z z z z Z z z z N CM CM CM CM CM o O O o O o o • • < < < < < < < < < < < o o o o o o o z z z z z z z z z z z

CM CM CM CM

N CM CM •» «r -» -y o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o O O o o o o o o o

p^ pv CM CM • m m

-r *n

m CO CO

oo eo CD eo e « « «

CO CO CO CM CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO eo o o o

CM CM (S CM CM CM CM

CM CM OJ CM CM CM CM X X X X X X X CM CM

CM CM CM OJ CM CM CM o o m CO CM CM CM es CM CM CM o • • • < < •< o o o z o o z z m < < < < < < < O O aH o O O O m CO CO CM CM CO CM CM CM CM

P4 PK P^ P^ o « o CD OO CO 9

CO CO o CO CO CO CO < < < < < < < < o o 0) o o o o z z z z z z z z

0> 0) o 09 z 9 9 o o 0) o CO CO CO 9 0> 0» A z 9 9 < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z • m • • • m a a a

•o •o •o -o •o T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 & & & & Z & z‘ Z & Z z • a • • • • m a a a z z z z z z z z z Z z z z z z m m «n *n Ml Ml m in m m Ml < < < z z z • • • • • m • • •

4J e c c G

G c C « • • m m 9 9 fl a a a zM Z^ Z^ z1 8

"O z1 z1 8

•o z1 8o a1 z1 Z Z1 z1 a MJ c •o c •a o •O •o i i 3 ••4 < <z4 zH < < «a4 z z z z Z z z z z z z z z z z

•r -c p» r«. in iri m in m m m in CM Ml CM CM Ml Ml CM N1 CM CM N CM CM CM CM CM z4 CM CM < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z Z z z z z z Z z z z Z m m m m m m m m m m m

rt « r> . « m rt r»

d

CM . . CM . CM < < < . (O to to to to z to IS z z to to

•o •o TJ •o •o •a TJ

n tJ •o •o •a TJ •o s B C B B B B B B B B B B B B 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 O O O O 0 0 O O O O 0 o O O O z z z Z z Z z z z Z z z z Z z

pH pH pH CM CM CM CM CM CM CM (O CD ID CM CM CM CM CM CM CM -r -M- •<

91

lOA

1.67

Round

NA

NA

12.7

NA

NA

Raynolda

NA

NA

NA

1.3*
Raf

&

Strain

Spaclman

Expo

Major

Elements

Note

Rata

Typa

Dlam

Thick

G.L.

Spaclman

Tima

Supplier

Yr.

Lot

Product

LI

Cu

Mg

Zr

SI

Fa

Ag

Minor

Elemants

No.

10-4/s

mm

BO

ora

Location

min

Prod.

No.

L(m)

X

H(m)

wtZ

MtZ

92
Comments from the Al-Li Alloy WL049 Test Parameter Table

Reference and

Note Number

18B- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

18E- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

18F- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

19A—C- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

93
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o ^

LO oo

BdlN ‘HlONBUiS 31ISN31 31VkSinn

94

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

o o o o o o o o o o o

O GO <£> OsJ

Bdl^ 'HiON3dlS Q13IA 31ISN31

95

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
CO

iU90J9d ‘N0I1V0N013

96

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

BdlN ‘HlONaaiS 31ISN31 31VINinn

97

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o

in oo

o

o

o

o o

o o

00 CO

o

o

ooCVJ

Bdl^ ‘HlONHdiS ai3IA 31ISN31

98

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
\

00

O)

C\J

C\J

J2

Q.

TD

JD

~o

GC

IIE c

I- o O

LL. (Q W

o 0> Is

h- a. h-

«««« I « I «»»«'« 1 «»«««««« I » III «

oc ©

o o

CO

oCsJ

luaojad ‘N0liVDN013

99

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

LO OO

BdIN 'HiON3diS 31ISN31 31VINinn

100

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o

1— LO oo

‘HiON3aiS Q13IA 31ISN31

101

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
Tt m csj

lU80J9d ‘N0I1V0N013

102

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o

o o o o o O oo CO CNJ *HiON3aiS 31ISN31 3ivi^inn

103

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

O

o o •»— LO OO

BdIN ‘H10N3HiS 31ISN31 31VINIlin

104

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o o o o o o

O 00 <0 CsJ

BdkN ‘Hi0N3aiS ai3IA 31ISN3i

105

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE.

K
lU90J9d 'N0I1V0N013

106

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

o o o o o o o o o o o

O 00 CO CM

BdlN ‘HiON3UiS 31ISN31 3iVlNinn

107

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH, ksi

o

o o

LO oo

‘HiON3dlS Q13IA 31ISN3i

108

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
o o o o o

cn csj -

luaojsd ‘NOliV0NO13

109

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH, ksi

OO o ^

LO Oo

O CO CO Tj- c\j

Bdl^ ‘H10N3U1S 31ISN31 3iVl^inn

110

100

200

300

400

500

TEMPERATURE,

K
o

4J oz %u0sN

COc«o

j:oc e • o & ^

*i • « e • -H

kl t-l HO

CO

«s

CMXo

-4I < Xu

4J•U

4JCO

«0

-p^4 S6 C5 «

4J tt O • 9 C

*0

X o u M ->4 flu M

i*MO< X

06CO

M

06 <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z <z

•<z <z <z <z <z<z < •< z z < < < < < < z z < < < < < < <z<z <z<z <z <z<z <z <z <z

J6 1 m

m

mmm CM CM CM

H I CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • e • m • 1 4J *» 4J 4J 4J 1 « « « c m • 9 m • « m « « c X 1 -4 -u •u Q g 1 DU Oi o< Oi Ou z z Z Z Z Z z flu flu cu flu •a o •o •o •o *o o o o •o TJ o o •o •o •a •o o b. u -U xU Om ••4 «u o o o 0 0 o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o 0

06 06 06 z z 06 z z 06 z 06 z z z z flfl z

eoH HI e

HI

aX «H

eoH

r»

«•> CM

0>CM «

CM «

CM

eoCM

CMCM

CMm . • CO <n cn CM 0» o lA

CO CD <D (O o o CO 0» o X S <n <n U1 m cn U-l . 9 CM CM CM <n «n CO CO o CO CM

CO

b rv Ps o o CO 0) pH PN

H z «n w-i p^ CO CO CO m CO (O CD pH o

a>CM

0>

CM

o>

CM • < < < < < <

4J o a

a

a or

a Cr 0 z CM CM CM CM CM CM

0) O) O) O) O) o 0» CD 0» o

CM CM CM CM

«n pH pH pH CO tA

CO

A o o

pH O) pH 0) cn r> CO

<n <n CO CO O)

CO o «o pH om o o o o o o o o O) «n <o «n CO

2ZA

22A 22A 22A 22A

111

22A

194

487.

400.

14.7

26.5 L

T87

Rolled

Plate

25.
4J 04

4J « «9 « Ma

aoN

COc

•«4 «Mo

J1o -o c c 9 O & « 98 JZ 9

bic a o

CO

s:u

4J9

14 4JCO

00 S § jC ^ s

oO 5 I a •m u • 3 C

*0 JO o u9a89

4Jc9

COa

X*” I ai «

45 •

<M ti • O a z <z<z

CSH <Z <Z <z

zzzzzzzz <<<<<<<< z < < < < <z <z <<<<<<<< zzzzzzzz

zzzzzzzz •<<<<<<<<

zzzzzzzz <<<•<<•<<< <z < < < ^ z a < < <z

COH00H 1 mZ mZ u •J •-> mJ

u 9J

u 1 o

0» C» 01 9 01 01 0> OB 0» <1 < »« o « « « « Cik CO CO cn M CM CO CM CO CO CO

06

CO CO CO « •»

N cn , •a • « « • . • . • o c lA 9 in to CO M o 0 94 N 94 CO

M

CO <z<z O B 1 IK •< ria 4^ 4^ 41 41 41 41 fK

94 1 « • • • • • • • • • cn cn cn cn cn cn 1 m CO m CO CO m lO CO CO • • • • CO CO 1 CO 94 CO 94 CO CO CO 94 id CD CD CD CD CD 94 94 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

-4 «4 ^4 94 94 94 94 m4 *4 94 94 94 -4 94 94

u««

g

aaaaa

aaaaaaa

a PL,

a

a

aa

•o o •o T5 •o rs tj TJ •o -0 •o •D T3 T3 TJ •o •D o a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

hi •4 ^4 «4 94 94 94 94 «4 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 a 1 «4 •4 94 94 •4 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 I o O O O O o 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 1 z z oc z os z Z z z z z z z z z 06 z z

COH

eo

0»<n

(O

(O

lA

(O

Mo

COo

•n

»n

(n

COo

cn fK 41 9 9 cn 41 cn OB cn OB 9 CD

eo o CD IK CD 41 CD cn o CD 41 fK

41 41 41 41 41 CD CD CD 41

9> o

CO o

CO oM o

fO oo

<n oo

<n

CO

CO

COo

CO

CO

(Oo

CO

COo

cn

0»

COoo

cn s Si ;5 Si J5 1 CO CO CO CO CO CM CO CO CO

CO

o>m < < •< < < < A A

cn cn o cn cn cn cn cn CO CM CM CO CO eo CO CO <z<z<z

112

23B

20

687.

476.

10.

0.L

T87

RoLUd

Plate

12.7
4^ 1 09 i o • 1 « 1 4J 1 ^9 z9 o • m 1 z IH a 1 « 11 • 1 •e 11 *3

&4 11 s 1 < < < < 111 z z Z z • 11 NMe 1 •*4 uu < < < < z z z z £U o" c s < < < < • o z X z z &

(J

m

a

B £ < < 9 < • z z z z u H HC a.g u < < < < 0 • • z z z z

CO

H

u:u 1 4J 1 • M 11t < < < < u 1 z z z z « 1 c • 1 a £ 11 < < < •< < H 1 z z z z

•0 , 1 s & 1 a U 1 9 i • 1 < < < < < H 1 z z z z • 1 4J m 1 u • 1 3 e 1 c a 1 0 U a 1 « •e 1 • • • • a< £ 1 o o H 1 CM PM 1 • • • • 1 4J *» 1 « m m

4J 1 o a 1 ft ft ft ft 3 c 1 •o o 1 •o o « O ft 1 M 1 z4

Oi 1 z4 1 0 o o 0 1 at z z z U 1 • 1 S' 1 a 1 pft • 1 o « • o H 1 H H H H 11 G 1 • 1 •«4 1 U .4 U o t11 o o' o o' < M 1 z 1 , 1 m m M 1 o • • • e 1 • CM o o M 1 z9 1 u 11 • fl 1 CM <n o o M 1 o o oo s 1 n <n

>• 1 • 11 0» <n z9 o

tn ft 1 o z9 • s: 1 (O o H 1

ft o o rK a z o o • cn <n H 9 • u o u u %4 o <n <n • O z CM CM CM

at z

z9 z9 z9 zH z9 < < < < < z z z z z < < < •< < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z Z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z X z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z o z9 z9

«o o o e CO

CM tn tn tn • • • • •

4J 4J 40 • m • • •

z^ *4 zO zO ft ft ft ft ft

•o •o •a •o

zO Z^ z^ Zi^ z4 0 o o 0 0 z z z z z

PK pH « o CO o « H H H H H U _1 U o o' o o o

tn tn p^ CM • • z9 o CM

z9 z9

cm' z9 o CM

tn CM o o tn *n

<o o a o <D 0» o

to

m (O o o O o

CM CM o fs CM

tn

UU o Q

a tn tn tn tn tn M CM CM CM

z9 z9 z9 z9 < < < 9 < X z z X X < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < X z z z z < < < < < z z z z z < < < < < z z z z z

PK CM CM CM CM CM

z9 • • • • •

4J 40 4J

m

m • m

zH zO z^ ft ft ft ft ft

•o o o o

z4 zO z4 zO zO zH zO zO 0 0 o 0 0 z z z z z

PK

CO o o O e H H H H H

•JUU •J •J o o o o o

tn o pl^ CO o' to CO CO to

a' a' o tn tn

rft

a o CO tn tn tn tn o CM P«4 m « o -< o o o o o o o o o o

tn tn tn tn tn M M u M M

tn tn tn tn tn CM CM CM CM < < < < < z X z z z < < < < < X X z z z < < < < < X z X z X < < < < < X X X z z < < < < < z z z z X < < < < < X z z z X < < < < < z z X z z < < < < < z z X z X

p% p-fc CM CM CM <s fV| z9 z9 zH • • • • •

40 40 40 40 40 • Cl • •

zO zO zO zO

ft ft ft ft ft 0 TJ •a O •a z4 z4 z9

zO zO zO ^9 0 O o 0 o z z z z oe

r«* p^ PS Ps

CO « CO CO o H H H H

-] o o o o o

cn tn CO CM tn -

p^ o 0

z9

tn o <M

O

p^ to <o

a O)

CM z9 to

a 0

0» o z9 z9

«n to 0 a

40

p«k PK Ps Ps Ps c

p^ p*fc PS PSk •0u w u U1 u W •

tn tn tn cn tn «

CM PC CM CM <M CO4

113
R«£ &

Product

Aging

Aging

Soln.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Toop.

T.S.

Y.S.

Elong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickneee

Temp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Herdnese

Testa/

No. K

MPa

MPa ZZ

Form

mm

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

pm

Data

Ft

a4 a^ a>4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 aH a4 < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X z X X X X < < < •< < < < < < < < •< < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z z X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

•< < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X z X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

«>

aaa IDa ID

aaa 0»

pH PH pH M d lO

m

ddd

d

ddd

d PCd lO

ddd o CO CD o o a

a a4 • e e a a a • • e e • a a a a • • 9

4» 4C 4C 4C

m • • • « « fl

mm • • • a

a

m

a

«"4 a4 a4 m4 a4 a4 a4 aH a^ aH Ot cu X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X o c TJ TS TJ TJ T3 T3 TJ TJ •o •o •p TJ •p TJ aH a4 a4 a4 a^ aC a4 aH a4

a^ a^ a4 a4 a^ aH a4 a4 a^ o o 0 O o o O o o p o o o p P 0 o o X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH

CO o o CO CO

O « CO CO o o o a CO « o H H H H H l-» H K H H H ii H n tr> H J U u •J U u .J U .J .J U

a4

m a4 CB

a

d o d o «>X o • • • • • • 0»

d

dd

d

m

aaa

a ID

m Psd

a4 •*4

d

d a4 a4 a^

M pH •n • m tn . . . a

mm , • tn • • • d d' • • a4 tri a • • • <o « a a4 a4 a4 d irt lO a4 m a4 a4

pH pH o « X

d ID*

dd o d* ID o a pH o *s « ID pH ID pH CO « m fO o 9

inm

m

m in

OJ (O »n ID

aa r> pH o m pH

a pH ID pH o a cs <o a pH pH a p^ CO a a o pH pH

to pH « pH lO

m ID ID 40 o o o o o « pH pH pH pH CO o o O o m M Ol o a pH 01 0» 0» a pH PH pH C4 PC PC

cn

d

d

dd PI

MMMM < < < < < < < < < < < < < a

<n

n «n ID ID

a ID ID

a ID ID ID ID

M

dddd

dd

d

dddd

d PC PC rc PI

114

27A

29S

479.

386.

14.

31. L

T87

Rolled

Plate

15.9
«uHO

COu9

•o0

OS

ac

4J 1 eu 11 9 1 e 1 ^4 a4 a4 a4 ^4 ^4 a4 ^4 a4 a4 • 9 1 H a 1 m 1I m 1 9C 11 •3u 11 9 1 as 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 111 X X X X X X X X X X X X z z z X X z z • 11\11 NMB 1 9Uu < < •< < < < < < < < < •< < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z z X

j:u •3 s B < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < • O X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z & u 9B £ < < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < •< < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z Hi O < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < 8 • X X X z X X z X X X X X X X X z X X X H

i:u 11 • M 1 1-1 11 < < < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < M 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z • 11

•«4 1 < < < < < < < < < < •< •< < < < < < < < H 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X a 11 § • 1 < < < < < < < < 4 < < < •< < < < < < < H 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z X X m 1 m 1 • 1 c 1 a 1 tf B 1 9 9 0) a m a4 x4 9 9 9 PS Ps ps 1 « • • • • • • • • • • 1 m* <n m m <n tn 0» a a 9 a a' in CM PJ H 1 CD CD CD CM CM CM a4 a4 a4 I • 9 9 9 • • 9 • 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 1 4J 4J 4J 4^ 4J 4J W 4J 4J 1 • 9 « « 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

4J 1 a4 a4 a4 a^ a4 o a 1 a< eu eu eu eu eu eu eu X X X X X X X X X X X 3 B 1 •9 0 t o •V n •V q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q U 1 •i^ m4 a^ aH a^ a4 aH a4 Ou 1 -4 a^ a4 aH a^ a4 a«4 a4 a^ 1 0 q 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 o o 0 0 0 O o 1 06 eS 06 06 06 X 06 X X X X X X X X X X X X u 1 • 1 a 1 a I Ps PS ps Ps ps ps Ps ps Ps Ps Ps Pu PS • 1 e 9 « « 9 « 9 O e 9 CO e CO o o O O GO O H 1 H X H H X X X X X X X X X X f-4 X X H X I1 c 1 • 11 u »] •j •3 u ml ml -3 o 11 , , , , , , o « fn 9 , n , • 1 0> 9 CM o o O • • o • CD CM o 9 o PJ <. M 1 CM CM CM CM ps 9 m W1 CM CM PJ cn CM 06 11 CM pj CM 1 . . . <r» m m « 1 «n o O CM cm’ 9 « 9 in • • o 9 m cm’ CM Ps B 1 xN CD a a4 a4 a4 a4 0 M 1 X4 1 M 1 9 11 cs <n m <n <n o cm’ ai CM o CD* 0» O cm’ 9 Ps PS

Ui & t to CO 9 o o o O 9 Ps ps PS 9 CD

OO OB

X £ 11 wn rj 9 m <n « 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 fn 9 9 11 CM f*«- PS CO O 9 o 9 <n CM <n OB CM a a Ps <n

03 & 1 0) o 9 <9 rs o CM ps ps ps « 9 CD CD Ps OB H £ 11 »n W-1 CO CO •9 CD P^ 9 9 m in CD CD 9 CD 9 9 CO a 1 o o w-> P^ o O O CO 9 O o 9 O o U CM CM OB Ps CM o o ps Ps CM a> Ps CM a OB N iH 9 9 CM PJ • < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 4 < < < <

4i 0 p«fc Ps

O o o aH aX a4 cM

N 9 9 9 o X CM CM CM CM 9 9 9 9 P5 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 X 99

CO

115
4^ Oe

4Jmo

-§s

COe

«

ki o

JSo -a c e

• o & ^

4J •

« S JS « »*

ki H

H

c a

o

CO

JSu

4J•

M

4JCO

i S j: ^ s

-go B a

;? 4 •

m

m

o •

3

•no

M

§•

ki o

< M

06

toc

o—

u

„ J

• •

CO a

s s s

o

s s s s s

« CO CM M

COMo

CM

40

CM

a>CMODCM S

COCM

OO*m

as»mCOm

<<<<<< < < < < X z z

SB

<Z

zzzzzzzzzzz <<<<<<<<<<<

<z

<

z

<z<z<z<z

<z

^ ^

^ <<<<<<<<

< < < <

z z z z

< < < <

< < X X xxxxxxxxx~^ <<<<<<<<<<<

X X

cM B

O B p*k p% P^ Pb p^ pH pH

• • • • • • • • • « » • • • fi CM CM CM CM CM CM «M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM P 4H zA z4 zA z4 z4 zA zA • e a • • a a • a • a • • • • •

dJ aJ 4J aJ aJ aJ aJ aJ aJ aJ e a m o a a o m « o o m m O • o

*i 0^ zM •M zM zM zM zM -4 z4 z4 z4 z4 u

g

04 o< 04 a z z z z z z z z z z z z

•o o TJ •o T3 TJ T3 •o •o •o TJ o T3 TJ •o o b. u zM zM zM zM m4 zM zM zM zM •4 z4 a z4 zM e«4 zA zM zM -4 z4 zA zA z4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

06 06 z z z 06 z z z z z z z z z z

00 o

CM X

CM CM CM CM

CMo

CM

fX>

CM

«n

o»

CMO

o

0»

<o

o

<n

CM

cn CMcn

m

CO

m

CO

CMCOCO

CM

o

CO

<o

<o

CM

(O

(D

CD

CO

to

(O

O CO CO CO

CO

CO

<D

CO

COm

a o wn m pH pH pH pH g z CM o 0» o» o OB zA zA z4 a4 zA a CM CM CM CM CM H

<

a < < < < < < < < < <

<M o CO • o z CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO z

01

CM

9

COto

o o

CM CM

4Jc

9

CO«

116

647.

432.

10.6

14.0

L

T8S1

Rolled

Plate

12.7

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

134.
Raf &

Product

Aging

Aging

Soln.

Treat.

No.

of

Note

Temp.

T.S.

Y.S.

Elong.

R.A.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thicknesa

Temp.

Time

Stretch

Temp.

Time

Quench

Grain

Size

Hardneaa

Testa/

No. K

MPa

MPa ZZ

Form

am

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

pm

Data

Pt 1 aid a4 a4 ad ad ad ad 1 0) 0» Oft 0» 0» 0» a a 1 M CM cs CM CM CM CM CM

•r •r < < < < < < < < 1 ^ •H X X X X X X X X ! < < < < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ! < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < d < d d d d d d d d d d d X SB X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < d d d d d d d d d d d d X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

fe p^ P«e Ps « P«a p^ CM CM CM CM* CM* CM* CM lO to m CM M CM

ad ad CM CM CM CM o CM CM ad ad • e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e

4i dJ dd dJ dd d» d> dl dl

mm « m

m « • « « mDm « • « • m

ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad* ad -d Ot 0< flu a< BU Ot 04 04 04 X X X X X X X X o •o •o •o o o •o •o •o •o •o o p •p •

ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad

ad ad ad ad ad ad ad o O o o o o o o 0 o p 0 0 o O o o

at at at

X at at at atXXXXXX

XXX

P^ P*» P^ p^ p» p% p^ p^ p^ p^ zn n « rt rt 9 9 o CO 9 9 O H H Hi Hi H a H Hi H H Hi H H H Hi H H4 U U u HI H H H H H H H H

«n CM

a <0 ad • • • • • • P^ a P> «« cs o » a' « CM o cd fd cd CM PI CM O zn CM CM CM ad CM CM CM ad CM M a <o ad rifc P^ « . a a • • • • • • • • <o <n 9 9 iri « • • CM o P^ P^ p% « ad ad ad ad ad ad fn CM

ad CM ad ad ad ad ad O P^ CM* «0 o CM* P^ CO* 9 O O n ca CM a O CM o 9 CO m CM a o PK CO

lO

n <n

m <n <n o CM o» o ad CM ad ad CM o p^ CM a v> o a m ad o p^ a pa* Pfc P^ P^ CD 9 o a a CD « o e CD CO m p«» p^ <o a (O o o e CD o o O a o» CM a a P^ p^ CM o o M CM M CM cn <n H Hi Hi H H HI H H a or O’ O’ O’ a O’ ;5

a4 •d ad ad ad ad ad

M <X <z

CO«

117

300

460.

370.

12.0

21.1 T

T87

Rolled

Plate

25. 4
flu

O •^ 0 m 0 0 0 Z H O M

COcbO

j:oc c 0 o 5 ^ ^ 0 0 e js 0 <*4 U |-» M5 I u O 0 • CO M

j:u

4J0u

tn

«o

•5 S j: 5 I u

*>u • 3 C

•oO oO

M

waI - <X

«0« < < z z

aS < < < •< < •< <z ^ a§ <z<z < < < < <z < < < < < Z X X K Z < < < ^ <

a§ ai aS

X ^ ^

Si <z

;< < X z <X <z <X

ai

Si1 <X<X <X<X <X

M

a 01 0> 01

u

a 1 «#* -0 •0 -0 0 0>

M 01 CM 01 CM 1 • <n 01 <n 01 en 01 1 IT) e«i cm’ in CM 01 0^ 01 CM* CM • • • • H 1 CM CM CM CM CM CM « m « X « X 1 • • • • • • 0 0 0 • • • • 0 • 0 0 1 4J 4i *» 4a 4* 4J 4« 4J 4J 4J 1 0 m m « • 0 m 0 • 0 m 0 0 0 m 0 m 1 ^4 •H x4 m4 *4 •4 Q g a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

•o o •o •V •o •ra •o •o •o •o •o TJ *o •p •p

p

p o a w •b -4 x4 «4 a x4 •b «b «4 m4 •4 x4 x4 o o o o o o o o o p o o o p p p e

atX 06 06X

XXXXKXX

XX

XXX

«0H

CO» 1 ^ rik p4 01 x4 01 01 01 x4 01 01 < M 1 x' « x' *0 x4 M 0 0» « <n X 1 ^ 1 «4 CM CM CM CM X CM CM VM NA VN 1 ^ 0 X X X X -0 to n « to « c 1 ^ <n CM CM cm’ «’ «’ 01 ai x4 ei

si

CM

0»

fO

r>o oo

(Om

<nm<n

CM

a

(O

CM

<ti ‘ 0 1 X X 01 <n cn CM o <n x4 0

OT

a 1 X

X

X to pK (O (O (n CO « •2 I 0 •0 0 <0 01 01 01 CD 0) CO CO 0 0

toam «o r

<a o

CM o

CM o

CM oon oo

e»> 0

44 o i ^ J5

n ;5 <

<n <<n <cn

OZ z 1 M 1 CM CM C4 (S CM <s cs CM CM CM CM CM <tnCM

Si

COm

too

a>

lOo

CM<PICM

lO

CO

(OoM<<nN

118

23B

300

468.

377.

6.S

NAT

T87

RoIUd

Plot*

12.7
4J

flu

M

«

COeo

o “e c c

• o &

^

*» •

« a j= •H H

O

CO

a

a u

u

4J

h) 4JCO

•0 •S a £

c a H a cj M • • < H

u

3

•3O

a

a

*»eo

< M

OS

§ M

<X X

< iX

<

X

<X

<X

<

X

<X

<X

<

X

< <

<

X 9E <X

< <

< <

<X

<

X

<<<<<<

< < ^ < < <

<

X

<X<

X

<X< < X X

<

X

<

X

<X<

X

<

X

< <

< <

B e « • • • • • • • • • CM m o e m m o « « « CM CM CM CM N CM CM H CM «n CM CM #4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

4» 4J 4^ 44 44 m m m • « « « • m • « m m

x4 •4 •4 *4 U g a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

c

c2 •o rs •o o •o TJ •o TJ TJ TJ •o •o

&4 «4 •4 »4 «4 *4 «4 •4 a •*4 «4 •4 «4 •i4 *4 •4 0 o 0 p o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

toH

e

H

«H

«

H

«H

OOH i->

aSm

<X

« CM

(O

• • 1 (O tn lO e n o o CO r> cn o o M a 1 a CD OO o « at o CO CD CO 9 o» OB o o

* ' ^

•* cn •* m rj n 9 «o CO 4^ m

M* a CO OB CM at <o CM CM o o CO CO oa OB (O OB at CD CO OB pH CO CO pH 9 9

H

z 9 CO to (O CO 4^ CO m m

a O o o o O o pH e o o o o o pH pH a ad CM o o pH CM CM o rn CM o o o o o pH pH i CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO H

«« • m U a u u u U a Q a td w u u td u u *» o CO CO CO CO CO n CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO • O X CM M CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM X

119

23E

77

603.

476.

7.8

NA

T

T87

Rollad

Plat*

127
VIo m

4J m

m 4.) o • m z H o

m

o

•%

u

ms

N

COc

•

kl O

£o ^

C C

• O & “

kl •

« 6 £

« -M U (-> H

O

CO Xu

*)• M

14 k>OQ

H

c S

8 X

5

«0c

•*4

to a

kl «

u •

3 C

*3 X

O

14 04

cua

4Jc

14 o

< M

ee

?

O M

j

s

^ ^ S ^ ^ ^ ^ ;s <z

<z

<z

<z

<z

aSm

08«n

< < z z

< < z z

< <

< <

< <

< <

z z

zzzzzzzzz <<<<<<<<<

< < < ^ aS aS S ^ aS

1 ^

< <

z<<<<<< z z z z z

^ z

< < < <

< < < <

^ aS ^ al ^

<z zzzzzzzzz <<<<<<<<^

<z

<z

ai ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

<z<z<z

< <

< < z z

< <

< <

< <

< <

z z

•< < z z

u i tS lO

• • • • X CM CM CM CM CM CM m m m «o m <o m CM CM P w4 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM M o

m • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

4J 4J 4J *» lU X 4l 4» 43 4) 43 43 43 « • « « • « m • • « • « m • •

^4 z4 *4 z4 ^4 O g

04 04 04 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

o o o •o •o •o T3 •o o •o o •a T5 •o o •a o bk

«o4 z4 •4 •4 z4 z4 «4 z4

04 •4 -4 ^4 ^4 •i^ z4 *4 •4 z4 o4 «4 ^4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o z 06 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

«0»4(OH

<x> H

aS ^ aS

in

iri

C4

o

CM

O 01 CM

CM

<0

<0m

(D

<o

<o m(O

CMo

m

CM

0)ID

Om

CO«0

«

«

«n

«on

n

«n

«

<n

o

m <n o

0» <o

O)

a O o o O O o CO 4) m o o

a CM CM CM CM CM o O 0» 0ft CM CM OI 03 1 CO CM CM CM CM

•I

• u b3 b) M M < < < < < < < < < < <

VI kl d <n r> en cn tn •4* •4 m m in m m CD CO • o z CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM z

120

26A

297

476.

381.

11.

IS.S

T

T67

Rollod

Plat*

82.6
^ fiU

O

m

•*j

m • m o • « Z H O

•§uc I u

JSU TJ e B • o & ^ «M H H S £ c a8 U O i • CO H£u

4J•

(4 4^CO

-S

B £ ^ S

flO •S I U 5 I • £ • O • 9 e

*9 £ o o

4J^ g

TJ

O

O bh

h) Qma8

*3euO<

oeBO »< MW I X" ^ a§ -

*» o o z < < •< z z z

•<z < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z z z as z

<< < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z Z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < V z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z < •< •< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z < < < < •< < < < •< < < < •< < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml « « to o to z z z z z z PS p% Ps ps P^ rs

f«» p>iN

N Ml Ml tn" Ml Ml Ml ZM zM zM <H z4 z4 z4 o « « CO zM z4 zM <n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

*» *3 «> *3 4^ 4J «M .u 4J 4J 4J 4J

mmm « m • m

m « m « « • m • « D « D

z4 z4 zM z4 zM zM zM z4

a

a

a

aaaaaaaa

a

a

aa

aaa

a

•a •a T) TJ •o •o o •o •o •o tj 'O •o o •o •o

zM zM zM zM zM z4 z^ zM z4 zM Zi4 zM zM zM zM zM zM zM zM zM zH Z^ zM o o O O o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o 0 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

rs fs PS. Ps P** Ps PS PS p% ps ps ps rs CO O 9 CO z CO 9 « O CO O 9 O CO O « O) CO CO H X H H H H H H H X H H H X X X X X X H H H H H H H H H H H H H X X X X X X O• • • • C*) z' 9 z‘ CO CD to o Oft Ml o o o o

PsI «o CD PM <n zM zM z4 zM zM ZM

N . m . Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml • o • PM PM o o' • • rs • • o o

«M CD zM zM zM zM

O z z O z4 o

zM z4

ai «n z Ml zM CD

O CO o' PM o» o' z4 9 pm' CO*

n Ml tn CD CD « O Ml Ml Oft z Ml z PI 9 Oft CO CD •c cn 'C 9 -M* Ml 9 cn «< '<r M PM Ml m « o O Oft o 9 PS PS CD z o zM PC

O) o a z <n Ps z O) Ml 9 Oft ps 9 o> o Ml Ml to «c •< Ml Ml to Ml CO p% Ml Ml o o CO O o Ml Ml Ps P^ O o O Ps o o O o Pfc rs

r*s r»% PM PM O) Oft Ps CM

MO P^ PC PM o o ps ps

PM cc rt cn cn < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

<o (O (O to CD P% Ps Ps fs Ps o 9 CO 9 Oft Oft Oft O) fS PM PM PM PM PM PM N PM PM PM PI PC PC PI PM PC PC

u«

OT

121
<M eu o m m • • o • m X H o uNc I ‘W•uO o

Vi

teB0u

01

osX ^ ^ ^ aS aS <X <z X . UB B < < < < < < < < < < X X X X

XX

X • O X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X & u 9e X < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X •H X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Hi u < < •< •< < < < < < < X X X X X X X 8 • X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X HXu

4J• M M < < < < < < < < X < X

XX

X

X

X

X

MXXXXX

X

XX

X

XXXXXX

XX • 11 a X 11 < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X K 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

a. 11 8 • 1 < < < < < < < < < < X

X

X

X

X

X

X

H 1 X

XXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXX • ) • 1 • 1 B 1 a 1 m m u a 1 IK tn m m x4 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • X 1 n «n CO in CO X a a a a a m 1 <n (O CM CM (O CM CO xd N CM CM 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 4J 4J *a mJ 4J 4J 4J 4J «* 4J 4J *i 1 • m • • « D • • « a o 0 « 0

«> 1 •«4 -4 c-4 •X o a 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a B 1 •o o 1 TJ TJ 2 •o •o TJ Ml TJ TJ q o TJ 5 a 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • M 1 •H m4 «4 ^X

04 1 «*4 1 o o o o o O q q q Q o o o O o o o 1 06 X 06 06 X X X X X K X X X X X X X

fc4 1 • 1 a 1 a 1 pH pH pH pH pH pH PH pH pH • 1 o CD 9 CD CD m CD CD CD 9 9 9 CD O CO H 1 K «-• H H lx |X H H H H H I-) i-i H •i H •I

4J 11 B 1 • 11 H lx

HHHHH

H l-t !-•HH

H

HH

M 1 o 11 , , , , •<

a « CO « 9 . , , • o O o O O O • • • • • • m CO < M o «i4 X CO a4 ^ - aX aX < < x4

06

X

X , m

m , m , • •0 «n CM o « X d o • • x4 (M • CO CM aX B X pH o x4 aX aX O M M. • 0» o tn CD «o CM <o . CO CD o CD «-» CO m n 9 m O o fH pH CO a a CO m pH S tn CO •c CO CO CO >* « cn <o CO CO CO o CO CM -9 o CO CO CO o

vi Si CO r**®w o a pH PH

a CD o 0» pH O) OD

X (O

m »r> CO CO

m

m pH CO <0

m CO

H& o o PH o o o O « CD o o CO o a id CM CM o 0» CM CM o o pH PH CM CS 9 pH • M CM CO CO H•

4i 6 <® <® <O <o <o <o <o <o X 3 J5 o X CM CM lO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO < < < < < <

122

33A

295

485.

402.

9.

19. T

T87

RoIUd

PUt*

12.7
flu

O

m

*i

m • m ^ o m m z H o M«

OSN

(0eMO

JSO ^ C B • O & ^ • 9 B JS 9 ^ U H Hc a

•3 8 P

CQ

H

J5MM

•0

•5 § £

-Hc &B

U

;? 5 • m o m 9 e

jtf o u M -H a g

*»s e ^ o o a Ma

*»ouO< M

atGO

M

M

<« • M

O • OX at X

flO cm

00m «

-c<n

CO

*•

eo

•»m

eo

•*m

eo

vn *in

OB OB O)

CNJ fNj <s <X<X <X<X <X<X<X<X <X <X <X<X < < <X

•<X <X < < X X <X <X<X <X

n’a

SBao oX o

at . • C4 M n O O

>•

X

m

m . • o m & o o H X o

CM<nn o

CM<nm < < < X

XXX

X

XXXX

X

XXX

X

XX at

XX

X

XXX

X

XX

X

XXX z < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X

XX

X

XXXXXXXXXX z X

X < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X z o o o o o o ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Ps fs «0 CO €0 a* O CM* CM CM CM CM* CM CM* CM CM CM CM «n «n to CO CO •4 •4 x4 x4 x4 x4 a4 • • • m • • • • • • • • • • • • •

*» 4) 44 «) 44 1*) «» 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 • m • • • • • m • D « m « D « m

•4 x4 •4 *4 x4 x4 x4 a4 a4 a4 •4 •4

a

aaaaa

a

aaaaa

aaaa

a

•a •a TJ •o •o o V TJ T3 TJ o TJ o •o x4 a4 a4 a4 x4 "4 x4 4 4 a4 a4 x4 x4 «4 -4 a4 ^4 o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 O o O o 0

at

X atX at

X

X

XX

XXXX

XX at

X

^4 a4 x4 a4 a4

PS PS lO tn ps Ps ps z a oo z Z « CO « o CO o z O CO CO CO

i-i i-i

H •iH I-IHHH

H I-IHH f4 I-I IH H H H H H H H H HI |H H |i H H I-I H a CO CD CM o o a CO • 9 • m o

CO to Ps

m

m CO CM «< CM < < < X X X a4 x4 x4 CM X X X X X X

pH CM

a cn CM CD CO CO Ps CM • • a • • • • • o o o x4 a a x4 o CD x4 x4 x4 < X < X X X X X X X X X

CM* o (O Ps CM* o CO a* a* a* cn CO CO CO a a •C CO CO o o CM CO CO o o o m »n CO CO «< CO CO CO , . . . , . <n o o o a CO a ps « x4 CO CO CD o eo o o tn <n o CO <c »o a m a o a4 o m a (O PS ps «< •n CD a CD CD CO o o a to pH Ps CD CD O o m *n CD o o OB a ps Ps CM CM OB OB ps <n <n eg CM CM CM < < < X X X

<nn rj

-c . CO CO s IR IR IR

X RT 55 55

li |4

Ha4 cn«

123
oX

4J GU0

m 4J

•§M

ma

Na

c

•

uO

JS0 13 c e

• o 1 u

«

« e j: •W H

H

c a

o

Ui

j:u

*im M

14 4JV2

to 5 I u

4f 2

*

*»o

9O

O

14 04

14•a

B

e

m

MO

< »• ai

toc

O M

b)

«; I X

• •

O] ^

VI *> o

• o z

06 Z

o> 0> 0» o» 0» o oo o> 0» o> O) O) o> CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

-r < < < < < < CO CO •C «c <c X X X z X z •M

<

z

<z ^ ^ a§ ^ ^ ^

< < < < <

<z

<z

<z zzzzzzzzzzzzzzz <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

<z

<z

<z

<z

<z

<z

<z

3§

<z

<z

aS <z

<z

<z

<z <<<<<<

c

e

1

1 u B 1 (S CM cm’ cm’ CM cm’ CO lO cri lO «o lO CM CM CM cm’ CM CM CM CM p CM CM CM CM CM CM z4 z4 zH z4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

4i 4J *> *3 «> 4» *» *> *» 4J «) 4J • m m • • o • • m m m m o • • a «

•M zM zM zM zM zM z«4 z^ u

g

04 04 04 Ot Z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

•o 0 •o •o o o •o o •o 13 •o •o 13 u 13 T3 •o 13 •o •o o bu M «-4 zM z4 zM zH zM zM zM zM zM zM Z^

04 -M zM zM zM z4 zM zM zi4 zM zM z^ Z^ z4 z^ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o z 06 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

rv

en r> to •V

I-4 oH

OH

€0 CO a cn a CO

H

NM

<N

«> o <n

cn oCM

<PCM CM

to

o

CM

CM

<D

(O

O

CM

(Oto o

CO

01

CO

CM

or»b cn

o

a

o»CM

9

CO

O

oto

aS

aS

aS

a

<

z

<z ag <X

CM fO CM CM CM o O CD CO CM CM CM

lO

«o lO «o «o to

Cft 0» o 0» r*^ CM CM CM CM

to9

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO CO 9

9

CO

124
R«f

&

Strain

Spaclman

Expo

Major

ELamenta

Nota

Rata

Typa

Dlam

Thick

O.L.

Spaclman

Tima

Suppllar

Yr.

Lot

Product

LI

Cu

Mg

Zr

SI

Fa

Ag

Minor

Elamanta

No.

10-4/a

mm

mm

mm

Location

min

Prod.

No.

L(m)

X

W(m)

wtZ

wtZ

< < < < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

rg <s OJ M en r> <o fl <n P5 fn o o o o o • • < o o o o o o < < < o o o o o o o o X X X X

ra ra pH pH M M CM M M fM N es o o o o o < O O O o o o < < < o o o o o o o o X X X X

Ml Ml Ml Ml o pH ^a pH pH pH PH o < • < < <

o o o o o X o o o o o o X X X o o o < o < o < < o o o o o o < < < o o o X X X X X X X

rn fK pH en « PI «n r> < < < < tn Ml Ml Ml X (O (O (O (O «> ;o X X X (O (C (O

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

<n CM CM CM o o O O

o • • X

fH X X X X

o CM CM CM CM o O O o O

o 9 9 •c CO CO CO 9 cn 0) 0» 9

CO CM CM <X

< <

<X

xxxxxxxx <•<•<<<<<<

<X

a>

0» a

o

m

O)o»0»e

m

o

<oo <X

< < <

X

u U M

m • • • m • • •

m • m < X X X X X

Ml Ml Ml Ml «rt < < <

e

a

I •o

Oi

I i

o

sX

o

aa §

sX

<

X X

<X

<z a * •a . « CO 9 o o 9 CO « CO CO oo

. . . . pH • • • m m m at at Ml < O o O o o O o a O o o N N N M N X at Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml Ml at Ml Ml Ml

Ml Ml Ml CM pH pH pH pH Ml ^4 * CM < < < < < < < < • • < < 9 < < < X X X X X X X X C^ in X X X X X

at m at at at pH e pH , pH « 9 pH pH rt rj «»» . o • • 9 • • PI

. N . N CM . < CM Ml Ml CM N Ml CM CM

(D lO <o X CM CM

•o •o TJ •o •W • • c c c C B B 4^ 4J 4J 4J B 4J 3 3 3 3 3 3 m m m m O m 3 « « « o 0 o O O O < xM O

at X X X X X X X 6m bM bM Ut bM Cm X Cm X 04

N o« OI 04

oi oi oi oi oi pH

•<X

<X

<X

<X<X

<no

o

o o o o

M

< m U a M < < < < < <

PI <n cn PI Ml pH 9 Oi CM OI OI CM CM CM CM 01 CM CM CM

125
R«f &

Strain

Spaclman

Expo

Major

Elements

Note

Rate

Type

Dlam

Thick

6.L.

Specimen

Time

Supplier

Yr.

Lot

Product

Li

Cu

Ms

Zr

SI

Fa

Ag

Minor

Eiamanta

No.

10-4/e

mm

mn

mm

Location

min

Prod.

No.

L(m) X

W(m)

t«tZ

wtZ < < < < < < < z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z

to « «*>

m . . CM o o o o < •< o z z

CM CM CM CM PM • o o o o . < < o z z

CM . • < < O o o o o z z . , . , cn o o o o o < < o z z

r> <») r) <*> 0) < <

(O (O u> (o' «n z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < •< < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < •< < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < X X X z X z z

CD

X

X « X o o o o o < CM* m «n m m z

CM • • X M M • < < < X z z Z

fN p^ M <M X < CM < • z z CO

4J

mm < 0^ < <

u« u« IM z bu z z

<n

XX

X CM o o o o o o o o o o < < • z z < X < < < < < o o CM X X X X n X X

126
2 . FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

2.1. Introduction to Graphs

Fracture toughness data at room temperature are presented (with few

exceptions) only when measurements at cryogenic temperatures are part of the

data set. Thus, only Kj^ data on CT (compact tension) specimens are presented

in this review. These data are currently available because measurements are

relatively easy to carry out in conventional cryostats compared with wide -panel

center-crack or part-through crack tests. Most of the measurements on current

production vintages and tempers were carried out during the last year at NIST.

These measurements are discussed more fully, including fracture mode and

microstructural considerations, in another NIST report^ on comparative

cryogenic mechanical properties. A figure showing the possible specimen

orientations with respect to the rolling direction proceeds the figures.

All graphical data are presented and referenced in tables following the

graphs. The properties presented in the data tables are the fracture toughness

and yield strength, along with temper, product information, thermomechanical

processing, grain size, hardness, number of tests per data point, and the

reference and note number. The reference and note number is a guide to the

accompanying test conditions table, which gives information on

the specimen type and dimensions, precrack conditions, existance of side

grooves or multiple specimens, invalidating criterion, chemistry, and

proceedures , including the test standard used.

NIST is currently engaged in a program to expand the cryogenic fracture

toughness database by testing wider CT specimens [152-mm (6.0-in)] and 102-mm

(4.0- in) panels with part- through cracks. The type of fracture toughness data

presented in this new program is determined by design needs of the ALS program,

where these alloys are under consideration for use in cryogenic tankage.

Generally, a leak is equivalent to failure, so plane-strain conditions in CT

specimens and part- through cracks in wide panel testing are more relevant than

center-crack tests. Wide panel testing at temperatures of 20 and 4 K is quite

limited.

127
Specific comments from the data table follow:

Reference and

Note Number Alloy 8090:

8A- -Values reported are "minimum” properties.

Alloy 2090:

36B- -Value reported is a proposed minimum value.

12A- -Value reported are "minimum" properties.

Alloy WL049:

6J—K- -Values reported are the average of the range of grain sizes.

17A—E- -Under the supplier column M.M. - Martin Marietta.

Specific comments from the test conditions table follow:

Reference and

Note Number Alloy 8090:

8A- -Reported composition is the average of the range provided for in the

Lockheed requirements

.

Alloy 2090:

lOA- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

12A- -Reported composition is the average of the minimum and maximum

values

.

17A- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

128
8090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in^'^

O O o o

00 <o OJ OO

2/iUj.BdiAi ‘ssaNHonoi adniovad

129

200

300

TEMPERATURE,

K
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in’^^

O O O o

CO <£) tJ- CM

O CO CO

^

CM

2

/i»ju-BdiN ‘ss3NH0noi aaniovad

130

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
8090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in

1/2

O O o o

CO CO Tt CM O

2/iUJ-Bdi^ ‘ss3NHonoi 3aniovad

131

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
8090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in

1/2

O O O o

CO CO CM

2/iUi-Bdi^ ‘ssHNHonoi 3aniovud

132

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH.

MPa
Fracture

Toughness

Alloy

8090

C

4Jo«« • • H a m9

•gM«B

N

OTU

03 11 < < < < •< < < < < < < < < o o o O 1 z B B B B B B B B B B B B CM X 11 M 1 11 < < < < < < < < •< < < < < om o o < 1 z B B B B B B B B B B B B CO CO CO Z X 11 o o o

•J 1 o o o o 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < w-> «n »n o 1 z B B B B B B B B B B B B CO

jCo TJ c c • o 3 U

O'

*>

B

-H JS

a fi uHc a -( B

u o • • to H

T3 JM •HUM O O u z « l-> c a§H =a

si• a >1 3M

*» « u • 3 C a M O U M -H a BMa8

4»BUO

US<M *1 o • OB 06 Z < •< •<B <B <B < <B <B <B <B<B

to

•<B <B<B <B<B <B <B <B<B < < B B

to <B <B

r>* M

N euN

r*N

M «U oi

N eu cu CM <B

JS < < < < < < < < < < < < < CO CO B B B B B B B B B z z z B o o u < < < < < < < < < < < < a» 01 • B B B B B B B B Z B B z Z a n n n A A A o> CM A CM CM N 1 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM m *n W1 m m 1 o O O O O o O z z m o « z 1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO C4 CM eu CM CM eu 1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 1 o o o o o o o fK rn r*. PH pH M 1 CO m m »o *n in m m m m m < •< • 1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO B z 1 I1 •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 3B 1 0) at oa OB o A at at at OB at A A

.o e o o Z o z <o 9 o O fO « o

•• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• J 5 5 5 1 ) u u u u ui 5 5 1 u u u! 5 5 u ui 5 5 5 5 o o CJ 5u 1 :i ! ! ! 3! 5 5 5 5 M

m «n

to<B<BOmm

CB«U • • m • • m m • • m • • • • • • •

.Ad .Ad «d .Ad aJ .Ad «d .Ad .Ad aJ .Ad aJ .Ad aJ

m • • • « • « • m

m « m « « «

aM A^ AiC aM A^a4 a4 aM A^ A^

U

aaaaaa

aa

a

a

a

aa

aaaa

•o

g •o TJ o a •a o T> •o •a •o •o TJ TJ •a •o •o a aM aM aM aM aM aM aM A^

a

a4 aM aM aM aM

a4 aM aM AaM o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o A 06 06 06 06 06 06 as 06 06 A 06 06 A A A A oH»

COI HI

COHHI •J I bJ

03

m CM cu CM CM CM CM • 9s a4 aA pH pH o X S m m m B • • • • • • • a 0) CM CO o CO z

CO CO CO •9’

m

m CO

a «n tn CO CO i ^ o> OB OB pH OB 5 CM CM CM CM

COHI MCOHI bJ

l-i

H

HI bJ

HI bJ

COHI bJ

o>

CM

CD

CD

XoHHI bJ

CMO

CO

<n

O)CM

m

CO COH

HI b4

COCO

COcaoM

O

CM

U U)

u

133

280.

L-T

T3

Rolled

Plate

12.7

ALCAN;

*89

;3S18302A

NA

NA2

NA

NA

NA

600

NA

20

118.
Ref &

Product

Supplier ;

Aging

Cold

Soln

Treat.

Grain

Size

No.

of

Note

Temp. K

Y.S.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thickneaa

Year;

Temp.

Time

Work

Temp.

Time

Quench LXTX

ST

Hardness

Tests/

No. K

MFa7m

MPa

Form

mm

Lot

Nuodiec

*ChZ

‘Ch

Cond.

Data

Pt « > > m < < < < < •< < < < <

00 oo < X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < o o < X X X X X X X X X X CM CM X < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X z z X < < < •< < < < < < < oo oo < X X X X X X X X X X *o X < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < •< < X X X X X X X X X X X Sfi X < < •< < < < < •< < < < < < z X X X X X X X X X X X X

(O CD « (D < < < < < < CM CM < X X X X X X X < < < < < < << < < •< < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X < -< < < •< < < < •< < < < •< X X X X X X X X X X X X X a a n n oa CM CM CM CM CM <

CM CM CM CM o-> 0-1

m J5 o O O O o CO CO o o o o O

tn CO CO CO CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO

tn CO CO CO 9 CD o o o o pH pH pH pH PH pH «iU xU

w-l tn O^ 01 01 01 oi <

CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 9 X *• “ “ * ** •• *• ‘

0» O) o» o> a> CD at at (0 0) at at

CD o> CD CD z o CO

m 9 o CO CO • • • • • • 5 5 5 5 5 i i % 5 5 u u u o u u u u u u u

:i NA

pH fH p* pH pH

CM CM cm' CM CM CM cj CM CM CM CM CMxU • • • • • • • • • • • • •

4J 4J « « o o • m m « D « • « •

"U -U xM xM xU

ou flu flu o< 04 04 04XX

X

X

XX

•o •o •o •o TJ •o •o TJ •o TJ TJ •a •

xU xU xU •H mH xU -u o o o o O o o o O o o o o « ee X PC PC PC X PC X X X X PC

xU x4 «n 0-1 0-1 01 01 pH fv pH

CO CD 00 to « CO o CO CO CO CO H ii D-* H I1 H !-• H •-> H U u u m3 m H H Ki H H H H |H H H H H n 0-1 0^ CO CO o o o o CO o o •u (D CD pH < o CM CM X , . CM

e>4 (D CD CM o O o • to CO CM CM CO -c CM 01 CD 01 CO

xU

m un «n CD un CD CD CD 01

o» o> CO 0» o> pH pH pH o>

CM CM CM CM CM CM < < < a o u O O a a M u <

xU xU O)

1.3A
Comments from the Ai-Li Alloy 8090 Data Table

Reference and

Note Number

9A- -Values reported are "minimum" properties.

135
Fracturs

Toughnasa

Tast

Condltlona o

o»o

(OX

o

3

•O•

u

oM

A4

c

•X e

*» o m -X •o u

a -X > M

c u

U

a o a s m

<n <n o o> o

<n <n <n Oft o»

i o»

a-« a> 0» 0»

oo o 00 o 00 (n <n cn M Ul u tl] u u Ul (U

e10x1,

B ”a s

Q

s. *

M «

B

a

® 2a. U >S a H

a

M

a o

oe X

53 S53 g53 g

53

<X

<X

N CM CM

u u

u

g

53 g

53

< < < < < < < < «

X X X X X X X X X

to to (O to tr> CM CM CM a o o o o o

a • • • O O O < o o o o e X

a O) CM CM tn 94

*t o o o o o • • • B M • o o o < a

B o o o o o X

a

-4 M CM CM CM CM w 14 94 94 N • • < Wl o o o o O O o o X

o

-na PK to r*a Pa» Z s O o o o o o o o NA M CM CM CM tn cn cn 9

• • • • <

U 94 X

to to to to o o

<n <n <n <n tn <n

VM •al M CM CM CM CM* CM CM

< < X X

X aS

a o

TJ o O o o O O < < < < •X >4 B B B B B X X X X

M (9

er . M a M e o o' e o' u ki S CM CM CM CM CM < < < < « Ut X X X X (4U

• a m to m «D (O u a CB a r» r» < < <

Oa 8

i-> 4 CM CM X X X X

< < < < <

< o

©-<•<<<

H H * H <

U U U U X

u < a u <

w* 9

136
Comments from the Al-Li Alloy 8090 Test Conditions Table

Reference and

Note Number

9A- -Reported composition is the average of the range provided for in the

Lockheed requirements

.

137
2090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in^'^

O O O o

00 <0 CM oo

‘ss3NHonoi 3aniovad

138

100

200

300

TEMPERATURE,

K
2090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksHn’^^

o o o o

OO C£) CM

2/iUj-Bdi^ ‘ss3NHonoi 3aniovyd

139

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
2090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in’^^

O

00

o

CO

o oCVJ

- •

atmc> —

in

oo -

o»—E

* E

cv E

E E

E

—

o> eg

LU

CO m h- M

CO oo -

"<b o o o» o> • o T> • • o

•

cr •

cr 3 Cj O -

h~ h- >— • —

O a o o o

P P1 P1 — • —

<D J2

QL

-O

JSt "occ

IIE

o

o

•O

^

2 I0- 1^

t ««»«»« I «»«»»« I »«««»«« » I I t I I I I I I I I I I I t oo

o

oo

o

CO

o oCNJ

z/iUu-Bdi^ *ss3NHonoi 3aniovad

140

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
2090

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksMn’'^

O

00

o

CO

o oCVJ

I i I I

I

i I I I I I I I I

I

I I I I I I I I I

I ri"i I I I I i I I

I

I I I I I I I I r

E

E — E ^ E E

E

CM

® o o o» o» 0 ac oc 3 3 3 1 I I tl ^ ^

o o

P P P • • I

o

o o

JOa.

*o

o

cr

liE

o

§

k.

0-

I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I oo

o

00

o

CO

oCNJ

j/iUJ-BdiN ‘ss3NHonoi 3uniovad

lAl

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH.

MPa
Fractur*

Toughnass

Alloy

2090 ooMOu

*»o9

Ok

MlV4

oe

aJ 1 flu 1 • t a 1 • w 1 4X 4N 44 44 44

a « ^4 44 • a K o ••• > > > > > > > > >

<n <n

m CO <n tn <n tn tn

m o «o 00 z CO z z z m 01 08 08 z CD z z z z < < < z < x4 44 4H *4 44 4M z X X X z H o O o o O o o o o CO o o o o o o o o o < < < < C4 CM CM CM CM CM 44 44 «4 X X X X X XH 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X Z z z Z 4b z X X X X X X X X o o o o e o o o o U o o o o c o o o o o o o o G o o o o < < < < M CM CM CM M CM CM CM CM X X X X X

j: , U •o • o i < < < < < < < •< < < < < < < 9 u i X X X X X X X X X z X X X X a ( • 1 a 1 •«4 J3 1 H 1 < < < < < < •< < < < < < < < 11 X X X X X z X X X X X X X X a 11 • • 1 < < < < •< < < < < < < < < < 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

h4

M 111 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < oX 11 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X • 1 X 1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1- 11f X X X X X X X X X X X X X X i u 111 < < < < < < < < < 4 < < X < i • 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X H 1111 x4 44 44 a z z 1 o o c» o a o z z a 1 <n cn <n <n PI p> CM CM cs 1 <n r> cn tn P! « P8 P> P5 H 1 o o o o G o O o o 4 < < < X X X X X X 1 14 1 • 9 1 • X 1 X 1 0> a X 9 01 a a a a 1 « z 4 « « z « « e 1 «J 11 < < < < < < < X < < 5 11 ou ou Ou o a

(j oo ou

Ou ou

au ou

a

t) 1 S 3 4 4 H 2 _ < < 4 4 1 < < X < < < < < < X X < < a 1 m 1 pH pH pH m IT P* a pH pH pH • 1 • • • • o o O • • c 1 «M CM CM CM es CM CM <n CM CM CM X a 1 44 44 44 a a a 4 CM 44 44 44 U B 1 44 4« 1111 a a • a • a a • • a a • a • 1 4J 48 4J 4J 48 48 4J *> 48 48 48 1 a a a a « a a a 0 0 a a a a 1 44 * •4 44 44 44 <4 44 44 44 o 1 flu BU flu X X X X X X X X X X X

•o

g 1 TJ ra •o TI •9 9 •o •0 •0 0 o 1 a a • • « a a • 0 < a a a a W ba 1 44 4* x4 44 44 4 4 44 «4 44 44

flu 1 x4 44 4i 44 x4 «4 4- <4 44 44 44 x4 o o o O C o O o C e q Q 0 0 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X u• 44 44 a a M u 8 z H H X X X X X X X X X X X X Je H X X X X X X X X X X X X X • 1 1 1 1 1 1 •a J mi mi • • mi .4 mi Mo, , . . . , , , M a 44 o o a o « a CM <r z m 0 o O m m c o P^ a a z < z 0

X* z m

m

m

X z « « «n

a

X

m z

Oil in 4« z pH P8 •«* c m• 41

a CM

X cn z pH PN P8 P8

a

p pH p% z Z CM CM

d* pH pH

a •a PH

aa

m 41 z pH e 08 08 pH PH a PH 4N a z 08 pH 8 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM X• 'M < X < <

4J o i u« Ufl

OO o u s M c» P> z p4 44 o z 1 44 44 44 4<1 44 44 44 4N 44 p> X 1

aS<X<X

aSu•m

Oi

•ao

oe

142
£ 1 o • • 1 1 o • <• 1 m H O 1 •• 111 > > > > > > • 1 •8 1 n n « m 1 m m « • « « m 11 9 994 9 01

94 01 01

IS 1 IS IS IS $ H 111 o o O o o O o

01 1 o o O o o o o < <

IS IS < < d

m 1 M (4N

M 94 ad

X

XX

X

X

M 1 >4 1 u 1 e H 11 :1 <X <X IS

X VH $ dX

M 1 o 11 o o O o o e O

mi 1 e e o O o e o 11 oM oM oN oN o

C4 oM e

CM IS 0 IS IS • 1 U 1 1 s

<§ 1 1 1 11 1 <X $ <X s IS $ 1 <X 8 11 • JS 1 •u 11 <X X <X ;g aS NA <X <X IS IS <X dX <X <X H 1 5 S' c 1 ) 1 0 i • 1 < < < < < < < < d < <

IS

d NA <

(0

H 1 XX

X

X

XXX

X

X

XX

XX

Cold

MHi W 11 1 111 1 <X <X IS

X IS IS IS IS

m 1 m §H X: 11 iS <X <X IS <X <X IS

dX IS

«4 11 rH u• ) i11 IS IS IS $ dX 11 ad ad 1 a 94 a a ad ad 1 o o o a e a a o o 1 n n rt rt CM m 1 « m n o o

fa 1 o o o O o o e o

IS IS e dX i 1 • ! 1 & • 1 1 a >« 1 • • • a a a a 9 * 1 • m • a « n < 1 • • • • • • • 1111 ia sa ia a sa a < a $a 1 a aa a a 1 < < < < < < X < d d d d d m 1 4J m 1 m m u • • • • o • e e • • • • • • • 9 a 1 N OI (M • m CM CM CM N CM CM CM M 1 1 m4 94 a* 94 9 a* CM ad ad ad ad ad ad ad U 94 ad u «« 1 Om £ 111 • • • • • • • 0 0 • • 0 • • • 1 dJ ai 4i aJ 4» aJ aJ 4i al 1 • m € m • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u f BU Om a< flu flu flu flu flu X X Pm p» X X X 9§ e ! "O X X X X 9 X X X X

Id bi 1 m4 94 94 94 ad mi ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad a« 1 mi 94 94 mi ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad 11 iS <3 <s Om o

ac oPC 0X 0X 0X <s <s <s <3 & 0X

Idf 11 ad ad ad ad ad Ot 1 •e 1 1 M M M M ad M H 1 H 0* H H H H H H H H H H H H

A* 11 8 1 mi *4 mi aJ mi mi mi .4 mi • • «d 1 H H H H H H H H H H H H »« o 1

09 1 1 1 o o 94 a* << o’ o m in « o 0 1 1 N lO M CM a M O O

>* 1 <n

m « inaa

a

m

a

m i 1 f : o in e CM a in a*

m « 1 : N fM n CM CM «

CM CM • CM

a 11 m 9 f 1 1 a r% 01 01 a O 01 9 1 1 CM M M CM CM N M H 1 4 • 1 < < < < d d < d O 1 o o o X o tn (O ad ad ad (O • 0X 9S i1 ad ad

143
Comments from the Alloy 2090 Data Table

Reference and

Note Number

37B- -Value reported is a proposed minimum value.

13A- -Value reported are "minimum" properties.

144
^ractur*

Touthnaas

Taat

Condltlona

0

I .

*> o

an w

> u

e u

I •rt • « «» e

•4 a e j a a Z CO

I > ^ s

«) o

i I s

0seee o

% 1 ^ ^ ^ i i

1 1

M il

s

eI g 1 ^

CO

W «J o

a o X

X X

u

< <

n

<»

<

<D

145
Comments from the Alloy 2090 Test Conditions Table

Reference and

Note Number

llA- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

13A- -Reported composition is the average of the minimum and maximum

values

.

18A- -Reported composition is based on nominal values.

Comments from the Alloy WL049 Data Table

Reference and

Note Number

IJ—K- -Values reported are the average of the range of grain sizes.

18a—E- -Under the supplier column M.M. -= Martin Marietta.

146
WL049

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in^'^

O o

GO

o

CO

o oCsJ

2/iUJ-Bdi^ 'ss3NHonoi aaniovHd

147

100

200

300

TEMPERATURE,

K
WL049

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in’^^

O O O o

00 CO

^ CNJ

2/iUJ-Bdi^ ‘ss3NHonoi 3aniovad

148

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
WL049

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in 1/2

O O o O

00 CO CsJ

2/iUJ-Bdi^ ‘ssHNHonoi 3aniovdd

149

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
WL049

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksMn’'^

O O O o

CO CO

^

CM

‘ss3NH0noi 3aniovad

150

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH.

MPa
Ref &

Product

Supplier;

Aging

Cold

Soln

Treat.

Grain

Size

No.

of

Note

Temp. K

Y.S.

Orient.

Temper

Product

Thlckneaa

Teer;

Temp.

Time

Work

Temp.

Time

Quench LXTX

ST

Hardneaa

Teats/

No. K

MPaym

MPa

Form

ran

Lot

Number

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

fua

Data

Pt

zd zd zd zd zd < < < < < < < < < < < < < z Z z z z z z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z o o o o o o o o o O o O o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o < < < zd zd zd zd zd z z z « « 4 « « « 4 o o o o o O O o o O o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o O < < •<

<c eC -< 0 z z z < < < :< < -< < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < '< < -< z z z Z z z z z z z \ z z z < < •< < < < •< < < < < < < z z z Z z Z z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z r. z z z z z z z z z < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z < < < < < •< < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z z z

•< < < < < •< :s < •< o o o o o o m «o m in zd zd zd

CM 04 04 04 CM <o «n cn « fK PV N N N CM o CO o o CO CO o o o o n <n cn r> o o o O < < < o o o o o o o a 0» a z z z • • • • 0» CB z m a 0» o o o o CO o CO CO oo CO 0» a a o

,*

m • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

•a •o o *o •o TS •o •o •o TS z4 z4 zd zd zd zd o o o o o o o 0 o o c B c B B B B B B B • • • >> >s s S >1 >s >N >» z X X • m e 0 0 e 0 0 0 0 z z z z z z Z z z z £ X X m ¥1 ¥^ • • • • • • • • o o O

04 04 04 04 04 04 CM CM CM • • zN zd zd zd a oc OI zd zd e • a e e e 0 e 0 e U u

4J dJ dJ dJ dd dJ dd dd 0 0 0 m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 z n n z4 zd zd zd

OU z z z z z Z z z z TJ TJ TJ 0 0 0

•o •o T3 •o TJ •o •o TJ TJ TJ TJ TJ 3 3 3

z^ z4 zd zd zd zd

uu

u

zd zd zd zd dd dd d) o o O o o o o o o o H H M z z z z z z z z z z M U U

z4 z4 zd zd zd o

to

mm

m

m

H

O

O o « COO CO o CO CO o < H »-• H H H H H H H H H I-* 3 H H H H H H H Z Z IH H H U •4 •4 U J mi U •4

04 04 ¥1

mm o o P^ • cn o o zN O o zd oo CO zd o z4

<o (O (O p^ pH pH lO

cn o

CM <n o zd *n (D cn zd 0

04 04 <4 CM CM CM CM CM 04 04 04

04

<n

<n

m lO <o lO -0 0* ¥1 0 (D 0 pH 0

o» o> a» pH 0» pH O) 04 CM CM 04 CM < < oa

•-J z z z Z > 3 3 3 CO O) oo zd zd zd zd zd

zd zd < < < z z z < < < z z z

•< < < z z z

•< < < z z z < < < z z z < < < z z z < < < z z z < < < z z z < < < z z z < < < z z z < < < z z z

X* x'X

X* s:X

mo

O) O) a' zd zd u M bi 0 0 0

03 oa

n

TJ TJ 0 0 0

TJ •o 3 9 3

%4

UM

dd dd dd N M M M U) U O CO « H H < < < 3 3 3 H H H

raJ zJ zJ

(D CO pH CO

O

(O CO . c» 0

pH • CM pH CM

CM CM 0 pH

pH O) pH

CM

flOU (U o 3 CO zd zd z^ < < z z < < z z ZZ

kiea

T3eo3h

*iKW

CO<u

<B _J

151

293

25.

567.

L~T

T651

Rolled

Plata

12.7

Reynolds

89;

0387240A

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1000

500
def &

Product

Suppllar;

Aging

Cold

Soln

Treat.

Grain

Size

No.

of

Nota

Tamp. K

Y.S.

Orient.

Tamper

Product

ThlcknaaB

Year;

Tamp.

Tima

Work

Tamp.

Tima

Quench LXTX

ST

Hardnaaa

Teats/

No. X

MPaVm

HPa

Form

an

Lot

Number

*ChZ

*Ch

Cond.

|im

Data

Pt

«i4 < < < < < -< -< < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z X z z z z z o o o o o o < < < < < o o O o o o < < < < < < < z z z z z -r *r X X z z z z z o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o mo om «r» o < < < < < o o o o o z z z X X « « « D o o o o e o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o < < o o o o o CO CD o CO CD CO X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z z X X z z z z z < < •< < < < < < < < < < < •< < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < •< X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < •< •< < < •< -< < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < o o o o o o o o o O o o O o o o z z z z z z «r> m m n N CM CM CM N CM CM CM M CM CM CM CM CM CM

fK P^ P^ p^ pH pH pH pH pH o o z z z z z z z Z z z z z z Z

cn <n «o z z z z z z z Z < < z z z z z o o o o o e o o o o o X X o o o o o a a a a a a a z a z z a a a a a

CO z z z z z z z z z z z z z z • • • a a • • • * • • • • • « • • • « • « • « • » • a • a • a • a • « • « IB « m • m m

•o •o •o TJ TJ •o tj •o •aa TJ •o •o o MiC x4 xiC aH a4 a4 a4 aa< ai^ ai4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o e c p e p p B p B B B • • B B B p B s Ss N s s >» s >k >v X X X K S X s X • a a a m • a • • • • • • • • • X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

FK pia P^ p^ p^ pH pH pH pH • • » • • • • • • • o • • • CM CM CM CM CM CM CM M M CM CM • a CM CM CM CM CM a4 a a4 aH a4 • • • • a a a • • • • u M • • • • •

*> 4J 4J 4J 44 4J 44 44m • 44 44 44 44 • « • m • m a « n n « • e m «

aM a^ aM a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X • •

•o •a •o •o •o •o TJ TJ •o T5 TJ •o T3 TJ •o 3 3 o • • • •

a4 a^ aM aM a4 a4 a4 a4 a4

M

M a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 aM aM -4 a4 a4 *4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 o o o o o o o o o O o M M o o o o o X X X X X X X X X X X U M X X X X X

aM a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 m «o «o *n m <1 Z m m

m z z z z z Z z Z z Z z z z z z Z z z H H H H K H «-> H H H H H H H H H

|H

H

H

HH

H !-• K*

H

H

H

H

H .J aJ

U

miU

U •)U

H

KHH

H

pH CM CM z z z z z z pH pH a4 pH pH z pH m m z z z z O O Z z pH pH

•n z z pH pH w*t

m z z m

m z z

pH

a . , z z pH z pH z o a4 • z z CM o z

CM CM CM CM CM in

m z 'C z z zz

z*z

CM CM CM CM CM

m z z m tr\ PH z m

m Z Z -r z pH z z pH pH z z z z

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

L)

a

IL IM NT IM Z Xa4

XaH 10 10 10 10 z

a4 z

a4 Za4 IJ IK IK IK

152

23.

744.

T-L

T8S1

Rolled

Plata

12.7

Reynolds

;*

89;

03872S0A

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

4000*

1000

NA
o 0*« m x4 xH

X o • « z H Q ««•Cu

fl OQ < < < < < z z z z z

ST < •< •< < •< • z z z z z N

»<

C/3 o o o o a o o o o C H 1. o o o o <

•w •H z mu X O « « « 1 o o o o

m» 1 o o o o 1 o o o o < 1 •r * c z

JS . 1 O T) i c• C0 1 < < < < < & u 11 z z z z z . m 1 8 1 JS 1 • H 1 < < < <

(4 1 z z z z z H 1 C & 1 6 u 1 o • • 1 < < < •< <

(0

H 1 z z z z z

•o •M 11 kl M 1 < < < < < o O 1 z z z , z z u X 1 • 1 6

JS 11 < < < < <

«.

H 1 z z z z z c 11 • 1 < a 1 8 u 1 < < < < •< iH • 11 z z z z z 11 < <x4 1 x4 x4 1 cn m cn 1 ig M CM rM 1 o o o o • « hi 1 o o o o < kl • 1 o» 0) 9 9 z • jQ 1 1 1 o o o o • 3 1 o 9 9 9 a • Z 1 a a a X 1 •• • • • m • * 3 «J 1 • m • M O 1 mi 1 x4 x4 «4 1 0 o O o 1 & z 1 m m m • 1 Pti « a a X m 1 m 1 pa m u m t • • • • o 3 c 1 CM CM CM • *o M a 1 x4 x4 a O o B 1 hi •«4 1 a t • • • • hi 1 • • m • m a 4J 1-4 x4 x4 o a a a a •o 3 a •

•o c O o • • • • 3

hi

a x4 ^4 •4 x4

h

a x4 x4 x4 x4 0 0 O O

M

oea

a

a

M

u•a x4 x4 a m in m m i o « o 9 «

i-i

H

XXH

*»G0 U .j •J xJ 1 H H X X X Mo

01 • O o m o & 0» Pa CO fa cn >i X fa <o X CD a~> • • • • • CM -r CM X X X CM CM CM CM CM a 1 CO a X o fa 9 • 1 CM CM H 1

•4 1 • 1 < «4 ti o 1 > X X X CO • O z 1 xN ^4 X X « z 1 X

X

X

X

X

X

X

•< < < < < < a z z z z z z < < < •< < < < a z z z z z z < < < < < < < a z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < •< z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < •< < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z < < < < < < < z z z z z z z

•< < < < < < < z z z z z z z X X X X X X x' X X X X X X X m m m m X X X o o o o • • • • • • • o 9 9 9 a 9 o X X X X X X X u u (4 (4 M hi u m • • « • « m

toann

n z m

•a tj •a •o o TJ •o • • • • • • •

•o T3 •o •G TJ TJ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 u (4 &4 u u &4 *» 44 44 44 44 a H M M M M M M U U M W M M 9 9 9 « 9 9 H H H H H 9 < < < < < < H 3 3 3 3 3 3

•J mi H H H H

H

HH

m lO 9 X 9 9 X o 9 9 o X X CM X m m 9 m m 9 m C<l X W-l 9 3 9 X «o tn X CD 9 eg X CM CV| N X X eg X X X X 9 9 9 9 X

CM CM eg CM < ga n a u U

u 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 X X X X X X

X

X

XX

X

X

X < < < < < < < z a a a a a a o o < < < < < o o z a a a a << o o o o < o o o o < z m m a o o o o o o o o o o < o o o o o o z X X X X 9 9 < < < < < < < z a a a a a a < < < < < < < z z z z z z a < •< < < < < < z z z z at z a < < < < < < < z z z z at z a < < < < < < < z z z z z z a < < < < < < < z z z z z z a < < < < < < o o o o o o -*• •* •r a <n eg eg eg eg eg CM

r* r* r»X

CO 00 00

a 9 < « « n n a 9 z o o o o o O 9 o o cs a 9 9 « eo a a 9 9 a a • a • m • • *« •* •• • m • « « m 9 9 9 •o TJ 9 X a4 X •g ^4 0 0 0 o 0 o • c c C e c c X s S s >> >^ >s • • • • • •

x'

a

aa z z a

X

X

X

X r» en

X 9 CM CM* CM eg" eg" CM X X X X X X M • • • • • • • 44 44 X a « a « • « 0

*4

XXX

X

X

TJ z z z z z z •

•o o TJ •3 9 3 • • • • • • M X X X X X X X X X X X X M o o o o 0 o U z z z z z z 9 X X X X X X H m m m tn < 9 9 a 9 9 9 3 H H ii H i-t H U 4 H H H H H H Hi X X X eg CM CM CM CM tn tn <n 9 X X 9 9 9 X X

eg . , . X <n X o X

X 9 CM eg eg CM 9 XX 9 9 m in X X 9 9

CM CM

M9 X s: 2: z z z X X X ^4 X X X

153
4J

•«»»

a

O •

4J « • « z4 »4 ^4 ^4 o • o

asM o ««•C

•3u9m < < < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z z z H o o o o

CO o o o o < < < < •c < •N z z z z z z X

CO

a c c-i 1 < < < < < < < < z z z z z z z z u X o 11 o o o o 1 o o o o < VN < < < < 1 CO « z z z z z z z 1 uc•

-d

fm 1 Co 1 < -< < < < < < < < < 9 u 1 z z z z z z z z z z a 1 • 1 8 1 m J3 1 m H 1 < < < < < < < < < < M 1 z z z z z z z z z z M 1 C a 11 B (J 1 o • • 1 < < < < < •< < < < <

CO

H 1 z z z z z z z z z z

•o

MH

M 111 < < < < < < < < < < o o 1 z z z z z z z z z z u X•a

JS 1111 < < < < < •< < < < <

Aging

l-eaa 1111 z z z z z z z z z z o 11 < < < < < < < < < < 8 • 1 z z z z z z z z z z i-i 11 < < < < 1 o o o o 1 cn CO CO CO 1 CM CM CM 1 pH PH pH 1 CO CO z z • • M 1 cn CO CO CO < < < •< < < u • 1 o o o o z z z z z z 9 1 • * • • «« • • • • u 1 1 m 9 z z o 9 1 9 z z z a • Z 1 * * • • a >« 1 •• • * • • • * 9 4> 1 m • • •

CO

O 1 •o T3 z

mi 1 •4 1 0 0 o o 1 p c c c • • • • • • 1 X X X X z z X X X X 1 • • • • 1 z z z z z z X X x' . X • 1 « 1 pH pH z z u • « • • o o • • t 9 s 1 CM CM CM CM • • z z z z

•o •M

a

a a»

O

U I ua • • • • t4

M

MM

M

4J • O « « « « • • m m z n n z n a •4

U

aa

a

a T5 z T3 TJ T3 3 a • • • • • • 3 c •a na z •o z •o TJ z O o • • • • 9 9 9 9 9 9 U a ^4 14 U u »4 u u a z4 z4 44 44 44 44 44 0 o o o M

<s

MMM

M z z z z M M M M M •a •4 «H a m m m n • to CO z z Z z z Z Z Z H 1-4 H H H »-• H C-»

*1e zJ zJ ftj zJ zJ hJ zj zJ m 1 1 H H H H H •-• HI Hi Mo

CO « CO Z z4 Z Z z* pH pH & o o CM CM O CM «1 m 41 X S m Z Z <e z z

PH Z z z z Z • CO CM Z o • • • • & CM z Ph o z‘ o O X z -9 CM z z z & to •9 pH -r pH pH 8 id 1 rN, pH a pH z z PH pH 9 1 CM CM CM H 1

ut

m 11 u

y

a o o a

H-l *3 o 1 O o o O z z z Z CO CO • O z 1 •H z4 ^4 ^4 z 1

15A
Reference and

Note Number

Comments from the Ai-Li Alloy WL049 Data Table

\

IJ—K- -Values reported are the average of the range of grain sizes

18A—E- -Under the supplier column, M.M. - Martin Marietta.

/

\

155
Fractur*

Toughnass

Taat

Condltlona

Alloy

WL04Q • 1t1 •U33•aou

flu

<nm « m in

m o o»

a OB OB

ai4 a4 «4 Oft Oft o» OB CB o « o o o o> m m in m m M M

3*

ba

5*

MXMX

MX

ua

M

u

Mu

p P p

pp P p S5

in cn

m •n < < o o o o O o o o o z z

<n in in « m

m • o o o o o o

flu 1 • • • • • < < < < < o o o o o o z Z z z z • 1 M M M N n CM o e o o o o e m • • • < < < < < •§ 1 o o o o o o z z z z z 8

e>4

MNN CM

u

u

K) s • • • • . . u o o o o o o o O o o o' 0mZ f o o o o o o o o' o' o o'

r«a , CM 3 • • • • • »A in m u o to m o> o • m in C4 M CM CM m m • • • • • • o o *4

•ac co «

•o

U•

4J «> &4 e u

VN NA VN NA VN NA NA NA NA VN VN 1 «i U o e 0 o o o < < < < < •4 • o c s c e B B z z Z z z 3 Ch c X M a 1 > a o o o o o o o O O •< < < < < M c c c B B B z z z z Z M o

Cf 1 . . . . • M • N 1 o o o o o o Q 14 z 1 CM CM CM M CM CM < < < < < • fib 1 z z Z Z z U 1 o 1 • a 1 in «o m lO m «o u a 1 o r«. o o f>» < < < < •< a* 8 z 1 CM CM CM z z z z z 11 u 1111 • 1 m I c0 Q 1 • 1 < < < < < < < < < < < c2 Z Z Z m Z z z z z z z i

fi z 1 < < < < < < < < < < < Ba a z z X z z z z z z i

8> • o m o « u• 3 o' O o o o o < < < < < Q• m m m m in in z z z z z

CO

r» r*

n CM CM CM cm' CM < < < < <

•u z z z z z c•a a

a. o X 9a

H

H

H

H

H 1-

HH l-l 11

H

CO

U

U

U

u

Uu

uuu

u

u

OS 9 1 < oa

y o u

44 o 1 •-J id

r z o « CO 2 o « « o z 1 a4 X vU •1

ae z

156
2219

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksHn’^^

O O O o

CO CO Tf CM oo

j/jUJ-BdiN ‘ssBNHonoi aaniovad

157

100

200

300

TEMPERATURE,

K
2219

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksHn’'^

O O O o

00 CO CNJ

‘ss3NHonoi aaniovtid

158

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH.

MPa
2219

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksHn1/2

‘ss3NHonoi aaniovad

159

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH.

MPa
2219

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, ksi-in’'^

O O O o

00 CO

^

CM

‘ss3NH0noi aaniovud

160

200

400

600

800

1000

TENSILE

YIELD

STRENGTH,

MPa
Fractur*

Toughnaaa

Alloy

2219 o mo cN

COc«MO<

•g

ki

fl 03HMXHX

X3O -O a a • o a ^ B

-H J3 H

s*a

u • < Xkl X i

I9*e y <Xon <X<Xooo« <X<X <X « <

*3u9oOM

&4

«4

M

-4

m

O, 9 a X 9n

«>o

•J

*3U

•g

g o o a£ o

0»<m

tM

*39

Ot

•oO

as <3mN

*3a

T3o

as

*»auon « X i4m X I t

fO9

COo

CO

CO

CD

CO

CO

a

m in

B

X o> o» • CM X

•IS

a • *3 o a Ob • o X X

xH> > > > > > > > > • • * * * 00 o o» OB CO OB OB OB *r -r eg CM eg CM eg < m m m <«- < < < z z z z X X <z z< <z z< no o o o o o o o o < < m m m m m m m n z z mo mo oin o < < < < < < < < < o o m z z z z z z z z z *n m o o o o m o m in o «n o o o o o o o o CO CO CO CO CO CO < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z z X z z z z Z Z Z z z z z < X •< < < < < < < < < < < < < z Z X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < •< < < < < < < < < •< < < X z XI X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < X < < < < < < < < < < z z SB X X X X X X X X X X X < X < < < < < < < < < < < < < X z X X X X X X X X X as X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < z z X X X X X X X X X X X X X

xX eg

N eg eg z z z z z z z 0" •c z z z z z z z z z CO CO CO z z z z z -0 a (B z z z z to to z z z z z CM CM CM z z z z z z z z

•• •• •• •*

— •• - - - - - - •• •• - z at 0» a z a> a a> a z « z z z z z z z e o o o * * * « • • • o o z z OD at • * • « • • • « *« • « • • • * • « z z • • • • I4 M u M M • « • • *• • * • * • • • • m • O • • • • • « < < < < < <

•H < < < < « • « 9 « 9 « « < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

•0- «c -r in m m eg CM CM CM CM CM CM CM eg m eg CM c< CM «H CM CM • • • • • • • 9 • • • • • • •

4J 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 9 • 9 9 • • « « 9 • • 9 « •

xU xU xU xU xU •U •H xU

flu Ob flu flu o« flu flu flu

aa 04 flu 04 z z

•o Z tJ •o TJ T3 T3 •o •a TJ •o •o •o TJ • • • • • • • • e 9 • • • • •

xU x4 xU xU xU -u xU xU xU xg xH xU xU xU xU 0 o o 0 O O 0 o o o 0 0 o o 0

06 PC z 06 06 06 06 z os as 06 z z as z

xU xU m m

n r% z z z z z z z z en cn z z z « z H H H 1-4 H H H H H H H H l-l H H H1 H1 H1 H H H H H H I-) H H H xJ aJ xJ x4 xJ xJ x4 aJ x4 xJ H H Z z m m eg z z z z o o z z xU xU z z o o o z z z eg eg xU xU z z

-e z -c z z UT

m z z

eg z z xU xU eg <o x4 z xU egm z z «< z z CM z z z eg eg

re rx •g*

m z m

m z z tn

m z z z a z

eg eg eg CM eg

aaa

a

a z COH

H 3 3 3 3 flu

a

xU X4 x4 xH xU xC xU <zo

CO

161

43.

4S6.

T-L

T67

Rollad

Plate

25. 4

NASA;

'90;

484881

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

300
Raf &

Product

Supplier ;

Aging

Cold

Soln

Troat.

Grain

Size

No.

o£

Not#

Tamp. K

Y.S.

Oriant.

Tampar

Product

Thlcknaaa

Yaar;

Tamp.

Tima

Work

Tamp.

Tima

Quanch LXTX

ST

Hardnaaa

Taata/

No. X

MPaVm

MPa

Form

mm

Lot

Numbar

*ChX

*Ch

Cond.

|im

Data

Pt

a4 9^ a4 aX a4 a4 a4 •4 a4 aX > > > > > > > > > • • • • • 9 CO 00 O) 0) o> a 0» o> O CO CO o CM CM CM CM CM CM < < •< m m m X X X X n X X a4 a4 a4 a4 < < < < < •< < o o O o o o O O o X X X X X X X «n m m m m m m o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o < < < < < < < < < tn m m CO CO CO CO X X X X X X X X X o o o lO m m wn <n m o o o < < < fx* <n CO CO X X X X a4 a4 a4 aX aX < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < a < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < •< < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X < X < < < < < < < < < < < < < X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

m4 a4 x4 CM x4 CM CM CM

CO « CO o 9 O « CO CO « CO CO CO CO CO CO a a a 0> « 9 a « ID

CO CD CO < < < < CM CM CM

a CO 9 CO 9 9 X X X X •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• a a a a a a a a a X « a a 9 a a « o o o e a a a a a a a a a m m a • a • • • a • a • a • a • a • a • a M M u u 14 M M u• < < < • • « m • m • • D

CQ {A «a4 a4 < < < < a • • a D • a m

m * X * X X X X X X X X X X X X X . , . r>^ fH • • • CO CO CO O • • • • • • • • m m CO CO CO CO CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM (M CM CM a4 a4 cM a4 aX • a • a • • • • • • a • a a a •

*» 4J 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 • m o m • • • • • m D a • m m

aC a4 —4 *4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 04 04 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X u TJ TJ •o •o T> X •o a T3 a o a a

*4 a4 x4 «4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 •C x4 a4 «4 a4 ^4 m4 a4 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

a4

fK o m r»* « « o O O CO o 9 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO H H •i Hi Hi H Hi Hi Hi Hi H Hi Hi Ox

•jU .j m3 _> mi aJ aJ

HH

X Hi Hi Hi Hi Hi

H

H

H Hi H4

H Hi

tf) 9 a' CM CO CO a4 CO CO x4 a a a a CO o CO o o CD CO

CO CO CO CO CO

ID *o CM

O CM* CO CO ID aH o cc> ID 9 ID CO

CO CO CO

O CO CO CO CO CO CM CM CO CO CO CO

CO CO CO

(O o o CD to

m ID 9 ID ID o o o> a 9

CO CO

M CM CM

cr O' O' <CO <CO <CO <CO

X

m OTH

H 3 3 3 3

CO CO CO CO a4 a4 a4 a4 a4 aX aX <

as<

as<X

tn<o

04oo

PC < < X X < < 1 ^ S < X X < < X X < < X X < < X X

XXX < < < <X

01I 9

CM

<na

CM<aM

162

29A

29S

28.7

379.

T-S

T87

RoLlad

Plata

63.
1 %4 a O « 1 4J • 1 • 4^ i o • « 1 z H o 1

tt 11 « 1 •C 11 M 11 9 1 m 1 < < < 1 z z z H 111 CO 1 < < < 9 1 z z z N 1 X 1 CO s 1 c Hi 1 1 < < < 1 z z z « 1 u X 1 O

•J 1111 < < < 1 z z z

u: , 1 o “O 1 c B 1 • O 1 < < < 9 u 1 z z z a 1 • 1 a 1 « j: t • H 1 < < < hi 1 z z z H 1 C O. 1 s u 1 o • • t < < <

CO l-l 1 z z z

•o 11 VI »« 1 < < < o o 1 z z z u X 1 • 1 B 1 JS 1 < < •< « H 1 z z z B 1I to • 1 < aa u 1t < < < i * 1 z z z H 111 u 11111 < < < VI • 1 z z z • 1 U 1 1 m 9 1 a m Z 1 a X 1 9 4J 1 CO 0 1 u 11111 < < < 1 z z z • 1 *1 m 1 to m in u 9 1 • • • 9 G 1 to

T3

Ma 1 (O (D to

O

O

B 1 VI 1 Oi 111 • • 9 1 4^ 1 m m

4J 1 U 1 a

a

a 9 a

TJ S •o •o O o • • •

VI Ct« Ou 0 p o

oe « fltf

M•1

p^ • o 9 H H H H

*»6 CO CO CO • 1 1 H H H Vi O

to' • M CO to • CO o o X S m m 4 -< <n m • • • id & to CO s n <n <o & 11 o o § u 1 CM H 1

•JS • 11 < < < VI *i 6 1 a> 0» a> • 0 z t ca CM CM

06 z 1

163
Fcactura

Toughness

Test

Conditions

Alloy

2219 3

•am

Cbn

u

MN LloeX s3U

•0 5 c

*» o m -H a M ue o

Ot c

CO

X)ug

53<X

he § ^ Caa X cau• X a

CO

06Xa •

•H

a

U >N • H a

COo <XXo

tna

(O «

Cd5

53

M£

53

<n9U£

53

o>U3£

53 <X <Xom

CMH

CJ2 <X

•<X

Hu

06

to oo

CM

ftU

CO

lO

Itu

l-l o

tn O) 1 o

o> 09

«o fn tn (U u U) £

53OOSto £

53<X«o<a

CM £

53 < < < < < < < < X z X X z z X z

CM

M CM CM C4 CM

n CM e O O o o o • • • • • o O o o o o o

CMm o o o o o o • • • • n » o o o o o o o m o o n <n (O CO o o o o o o o o o o o O < < < < < < < < z z z z z z X z

rs. r*.

n •c

»rJ in in

m

m lO co' < < < < < < < < z z z z z z X z • o

•0 o o o o 0 o o o < M c c B B B B B X

CO o 1

tfa

M o o o o o o u hi B CM CM CM CM CM CM •< < « a X X uu• a m (O m to to m a o> 09 09 ra o» <

Oo 8

ft

X CM CM CM CM

X<X

•<X

ft

CJ<

cnn

164
3 . ELASTIC CONSTA^ITS

3.1. Introduction to Graphs

3.1.1. Temperature Dependence

Cryogenic elartic constant data are available only for 2090-T81 (Young's

modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, A) and 2219-T87 (E, A, bulk modulus, B, and

shear modulus, G) . These data are presented as functions of temperature in

four graphs and a table following this discussion. The reason that different

values of E (77.7 and 74.7 GPa) were obtained for 2219 -T87 at ambient

temperature in the same laboratory is not understood. It is likely that the

values reported in the earlier measurements are systematically too high, but

the temperature dependence has not been remeasured. (A later measurement at

room temperature gave a value of 74.8 GPa.) The value given in

MIL-HNBK-5E^^ for E for alloy 2219 plate is 72.4 GPa. There is considerable

disagreement in the literature about the correct value of E at ambient . temperature for pure Al^and, therefore for Al. alloyed with small , amounts of other elements (see Section 3.2. below;.-' Because there is so much

uncertainty in the literature, and because so little cryogenic data are

available, a table of ambient- temperature values of elastic constants from

various sources for the Al-Li alloys 8090, 2090, and WL049 , and alloy 2219

follows the presentation of the cryogenic data. After a value of E at ambient

temperature is chosen, the following equation may be used to estimate values

for 4 K < T < 295 K:

% E(T) - E(295 K) [1.1 + 1.2 6 lO'^'T - 4.0 6 lO'^T^ + 1.1 6 10’®T^ (1)

- 1.2 610'^^T''].

Values derived from Equation (1) should be used with caution because it is

based on the one set of measurements available for 2090.^^

3.1.2. Effects of Alloying Elements. Cold Work, and Other Factors

Several sets of measurements are available on the increase in E with

alloying additions of Li;^®’^® Li and Mg;®® and Li and Cu.®® References 38 and

39 give 66 and 62 GPa, respectively, as the ambient temperature value of E for

high purity Al . Measured values of E for Al-2% Li were 79 GPa®® and 73 GPa.®®

E was found to be 82 GPa®® for Al-2024-2%Li . The composition of Al*alloy 2024

(4.5Cu, 1.5Mg, 0.6Mn) is very similar to the composition of Al-alloy 2019

(5.8-6.8CU, 0.2-0.4Mn). However, values of E for pure Al in the literature

derived from the single-crystal elastic constants measured by dynamic methods

are usually about 10% higher than the values in these two references,®®’®®

averaging around 70 to 72 GPa. (Values of Al-Li and Al-Cu-Li alloys would be

expected to be correspondingly higher.) Reed^® presents a table of Al singlecrystal elastic constants from several sources and uses the average of these

constants to calculate an E of 70.4 GPa. The calculation is based on a formula

presented by Hill^^ in the early 1950s. The discrepancy between values

calculated from single-crystal elastic constants using the Hill formula and

static measurements of Noble®® was noted by Mhller et al .

, but the explanation

advanced, microplasticity, may not be sufficient to explain such a large

disparity in the values. To validate his formula. Hill used a set of

165
measurements on elastic constants of four common elements (including Al) whose

origin is not well documented. Several dynamic measurements^^’^^'^^ not based

on single-crystal elastic constants and the Hill formula give about 70 GPa for

E of pure Al . This disagrees with values of 66, 64, and 65 GPa obtained by

Static measurements on commercially pure Al (99.5%) as well as the values

quoted above, * which are also derived from static measurements.

Differences between static and dynamic measurements should be only about a

percent, and so the discrepancy should not be attributable to dissimilar

measurement techniques. The Hill formula is frequently employed in the

literature of basic science to calculate polycrystalline elastic constant

values from single -crystal measurements. However, to our knowledge, it has not

been tested against carefully evaluated measurements on polycrystalline

specimens of a wide variety of elements. Furthermore, the disagreement of

predicted values of E with static measurements (commonly used in the aerospace

industry) has not been widely recognized.

A calculation by Wawra^® for Al gives a directional dependence for E of

pure Al, such that E^ - 73.8 GPa and Ejoo “ 63.2 GPa, which is approximately

the size of the discrepancy in the measurements. Most polycrystalline Al is

probably not strongly textured, however, and texture has not been reported with

the measurements of E. Warwa^® also reports a decrease of E of up to “3% over

a range of cold work from 0 to 100%. Decreasing the purity of the Al from

99.99 to 99.6% increased E^® by about 3% to a value of 72.8 GPa. These latter

effects do not appear large enough to explain the discrepancy.

Varying the aging time of Al-Li alloys also has an effect on E.^®

Effects were less than 2% for aging temperature of 230, 210, and 190“C with

aging times of up to 1000 h. This work was carried out on a binary Al-2.5wt%Li

alloy using an ultrasonic measurement technique. Another recent paper^^ also

presents results of aging treatment and specimen thickness on E and other

elastic constants of 2090-T8E50 as a function of the angle from rolling

direction. Effects again are small, “2—3%, but the anisotropy in E can be as

much as 6% at 45® from the rolling direction.

166
YOUNG'S MODULUS, E, ksi x io’

o LO o m o LD

CO CNJ C\J t- 'I- O

Bdo ‘3 'smnaow s.onhoa

167

TEMPERATURE,
4800

SHEAR MODULUS, G. ksi

o

o o o o o

CVi o

f' l

I » I I I I

' l

I

I I i - ro

O

LO

CVJ

O

o

C\i

om

o

o

o

in

cn

CO

CVJ CO CO

O

CO

o>

c\j

CO

CsJ h-

<N

Bdo ‘0 'smnaoi^ av3HS

168

TEMPERATURE.
13.0

BULK MODULUS. B, ksi x lo^

m

csi

o

Csi

to LO

o

T—I—I\—

I—I

\—!—I—

I—I—I—I—I—

I—I—Q-T—tQ|

r

-

0) -

•

o. a. —

0) E E

• E E fO r>- - a. in csi - E —

E

00cn

o>

Csi o

O)o

-

Csi Csi O) • • ^

*

Csi in II) Csi O o — o> o> otnh- 0>

0)

0)

0> -

•o

<o "O •O * « o

cc: -J

o o

-

J L JB-l

o

o

oo

o

to

Csi

o

o

Csi

o

to

o

o

o

to

o

o>

LO

00

o

oo

LO o

Bdo ‘a ‘smnaoj^ Mina

169

TEMPERATURE,
0.35

u

o

o

CO

o

in

c\j

o

o

o

in

o

o

o

in

CO

CO

CO

CVJ CO

^ ‘OliVd S.NOSSIOd

CO

o

o

CO

170

TEMPERATURE
Density and Elastic Constants cf Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 at Ambient Temperature.

Alloy

Density,

kg/m^

X 10^

Young'

s

Modulus

,

E, GPa

Shear

Modulus

,

G, GPa

Bulk

Modulus

,

B, GPa

Poisson'

s

Ratio, u Ref.No.

Method

of

Analysis

8090-T8771 - . 79.3 . • • • 0.292 5 1

2090-T81 2.60 79.65 30.28 71.83 0.3152 51 2

2090-T81 2.59 78.28 29.65 72.56 0.320 37 2

2090-T8E50 78.60 47 2

2090-T83 73.3 0.35 36 1

WL049-T851 2.71 76.60 28.83 74.46 0.3285 51 2

WL049-T851 2.70 77.9 52 2

2219-T87 2.82 74.46 27.79 77.45 0.3398 51 2

2219-T87 77.4 29.1 75.8 0.330 33 2

1 Static measurement.

2 Dynamic measurement.

171
Elastic Constants of Ai-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219 at Low Temperatures.

Alloy Temp .

,

K

Young'

s

Modulus

,

E, GPa

Shear

Modulus

,

G, GPa

Bulk

Modulus

,

B, GPa

Poisson's

Ratio, u

Ref.

No.

Method

of

Analysis

2219 0 85.7 32.5 78.7 0.318 50 2

100 84.5 32.0 78.4 0.320 50 2

200 81.2 30.6 77.2 0.325 50 2

300 77.4 29.1 75.8 0.330 50 2

2219 298 74.5 27.8 77.5 0.340 51 2

2090 298 79.7 30.3 71.8 0.315 51 2

2090 5 87.8 0.307 37 2

10 87.7 0.307 37 2

15 87.7 0.307 37 2

20 87.7 0.307 37 2

25 87.6 0.307 37 2

30 87.7 0.307 37 2

35 87.7 0.306 37 2

40 87.6 0.307 37 2

45 87.5 0.307 37 2

50 87.5 0.307 37 2

55 87.5 0.306 37 2

60 87.3 0.306 37 2

65 87.3 0.307 37 2

70 87.0 0.307 37 2

75 86.9 0.307 37 2

80 86.8 0.308 37 2

85 86.7 0.308 37 2

90 86.5 0.308 37 2

95 86.4 0.308 37 2

100 86.1 0.308 37 2

105 86.1 - - 0.309 37 2

110 86.0 0.309 37 2

115 85.9 0.309 37 2

120 85.7 0.309 37 2

125 85.4 0.310 37 2

130 85.2 0.310 37 2

135 85.2 0.310 37 2

140 84.8 0.311 37 2

145 84.5 0.311 37 2

150 84.5 - - 0.311 37 2

155 84.3 0.311 37 2

160 84.1 0.312 37 2

165 84.0 0.312 37 2

170 83.9 - - 0.312 37 2

175 83.5 0.313 37 2

180 83.3 0.313 37 2

185 83.0 0.314 37 2

190 82.9 0.314 37 2

195 82.7 0.314 37 2

1 Static measurement.

2 Dynamic measurement

.

172
4 . THERMAL PROPERTIES

4.1. Specific Heat

j

4.1.1. Introduction to Graph

The available specific heat data from cryogenic temperatures to the

melting point are presented in the figure and table. Measurements are

available only on alloys 80!p0 and 2090 between 123 and 598 K. Some of these

data were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry to indicate the

dissolution temperature of precipitat3s produced by various aging treatments

and the formation of subsequent phases . These are shown in a smoothed

form, or are omitted^^ above 400 K. As shown by Papazian,^^ changes in

the aging treatment move the position of the peaks and valleys along the curve

to higher and lower temperatures. Taylor^^ identified the peak at “510 K in

his specific heat data as the melting point of Li. However, a peak at this

position is not observed in th', other specific heat measurements of alloy 2090,

and it seems more probable that peaks can be identified with the aging

treatment. Consult the original references, which specify aging treatments,

for specific heat data on alloys 8090 and 2090 with the fine structure in the

curves (important only above 400 K)

.

At present, there are no specific heat data for alloys WL049 or 2219 in

the cryogenic temperature range. The curve for the specific heat of alloy 2219

vs. temperature presented in Figure 3. 2. 6.0. of MIL-HDBK 5E appears to be based

upon data from Al-alloy 2024.^*^®’^^ The composition of alloy 2024 (4.5Cu,

1.5Mg, and 0.6Mn), is similar to the composition of alloy 2219 (5.8—6.8Cu, and

0.2—0.4Mn). These data, labeled 2024(2219), are also given in the figure.

The specific heat of an alloy can be approximated, near ambient

temperature, by a linear combination of the specific heats of the constituent

elements.^® Because the specific heat of Li is about 4 times larger than the

specific heat of Al, and about 9 times larger than that of Cu, the specific

heats of alloys 8090 and 2090 should be about 10% higher than that of alloy

2219. This is similar to what is shown in the specific heat figure for the

data of Sato^® on alloy 8090 and Papazian^^ on alloy 2090. However, the higher

temperature data on alloy 8090^ appear quite similar to those of alloy

2024(2219), and, therefore, are probably too low. Variations in aging

conditions and chemistry for individual heats can result in changes in the fine

structure of a specific heat curve for Al-Li alloys, especially above ambient

temperatures. This could account for this apparent discrepancy, and perhaps,

also for one unexpectedly high value of specific heat^^ at 100°C. More

measurements of the specific heat on current production heats of Al-Li alloys

would be very desirable.

173
1400

)l-6vr ‘**0 ‘1V3H 0ldl03dS

174

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE,

K
Specific Heat of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219.

Alloy Temp .

,

K

Cp 1 JAg-KRef.

No.

Alloy Temp .

,

K

Cp,

JAg-K

Ref.

No.

8090 155 620 54 2090 123 649 56

200 830 54 148 720 56

250 930 54 173 770 56

300 980 54 198 815 56

350 1000 54 223 847 56

400 1030 54 248 875 56

8090 323 913 5 273 900 56

373 934 5 298 925 56

423 956 5 325 958 56

473 980 5 350 981 56

523 1002 5 375 1006 56

573 1027 5 400 1045 56

623 1047 5 425 1046 56

673 1070 5 450 1075 56

8090 284 949 55 540 1068 56

296 969 55 575 1060 56

310 985 55 588 1078 56

329 1005 55 2024(2219) 73 469 57

349 1026 55 123 590 57

364 1038 55 173 690 57

383 1051 55 223 770 57

404 1069 55 273 828 57

426 1085 55 373 912 57

450 1104 55 473 967 57

472 1120 55 573 1017 57

501 1141 55 2024(2219) 116 565 58

523 1155 55 144 628 58

546 1168 55 200 736 58

566 1181 55 293 849 58

592 1195 55 366 908 58

2090 373 1203 13 478 966 58

2090 298 970 55 589 1025 58

323 995 55

348 1020 55

373 1040 55

398 1060 55

423 1080 55

448 1100 55

473 1115 55

498 1130 55

523 1150 55

548 1175 55

573 1195 55

598 1220 55

175
4.2. Thermal Conductivity

4.2.1. Introduction to Graph

Thermal conductivity data for alloys 8090, 2090, and 2219 between 4 and

573 K are given in the accompanying thermal conductivity figure and table. No

data on WL049 are currently available. The solid lines shown in the figure

represent the fit of second-order polynomials to the data for alloy 8090,^

alloy 2090,^^’^® and alloy 2219.®° The data of Rule®° appear to be anomalously

low. However, thermal conductivity of A1 alloys at low temperatures is

composition and cold-work sensitive.®^

176
200

O

o

CO

>l*uu/M ‘>1 ‘AilAIlOnaNOO 1VF'IU3H1

177

TEMPERATURE,
Thermal Conductivity of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219.

Alloy Temp .

,

K

K,

W/m-K

Ref.

No.

Alloy Temp .

,

K

K,

W/m-K

Ref.

No.

8090-T352 11 6.1 5 2090 80 28.8 56

25 11.6 5 83 35.8 56

50 22.5 5 91 31.9 56

77 29.9 5 107 35.2 56

100 38.8 5 139 43.4 56

150 52.1 5 160 46.7 56

200 59.2 5 185 51.9 56

250 71.0 5 203 55.0 56

276 77.5 5 219 57.6 56

293 78.7 5 239 61.7 56

8090-T8771 141 61.1 5 257 64 .

4

56

317 92.8 5 276 67.8 56

404 109. 5 304 72.2 56

2090 298 87.9 13 319 74.0 56

2090-T81 4 1.1 60 368 81.6 56

8 2.2 60 420 88.5 56

13 3.6 60 470 89.7 56

23 6.6 60 532 88.5 56

45 12.1 60 2219 48 44 61

77 19.4 60 73 56 61

85 20.6 60 98 71 61

90 21.4 60 123 77 61

95 22.1 60 148 85 61

109 24.4 60 173 93 61

193 38.6 60 198 100 61

203 37.9 60 223 107 61

215 41.7 60 248 113 61

274 46.1 60 273 117 61

284 47.7 60 323 128 61

292 48.4 60 373 133 61

423 139 61

473 144 61

523 149 61

573 154 61

178
4.3. Mean Thermal Expansion

4.3.1. Introduction to Graph

The figure on mean thermal expansion presents the data available on the

property, defined as

aL/L*aT - [L(293 K) - L(T)]/[L(293 K) (293 K - T) ]

.

Only data for alloy 2219-T87 are available over a wide temperature range, from

18 to 573 K. The values presented for alloys 8090 and 2090 are averages

obtained over the temperature range indicated in the graph. Near 293 K, the

quantity aL/L»aT becomes less accurate, because a smaller length change is

measured. Mean thermal expansion data for alloy 2219 near 293 K were

eliminated if a wide degree of s matter was evident. Although only one set of

thermal expansion data for alloy 2219 is available, that data set is in fair

agreement with several sets of data for alloy 6061 (0.6 Si, 0.27 Cu, 1.0 Mg,

0.2 Cr) over a similar temperature range. The data are also presented in the

thermal expansion table that follows the graph.

179
X/9_0l ‘NOISNVdXa IVK^yaHl NV3I^

180

100

200

300

400

500

600

TEMPERATURE.

K
Mean Thermal Expansion of Ai-Li Alloys and

Alloy 2219.

Alloy Temp .

,

K

1 AL

L AT,

lO’^K'^

Ref.

No.

8090 258 27.4 5

448 21.4 5

2090 333 23.6 13

2219-T81 18 14.3 61

23 14.6 61

33 15.1 61

43 15.7 61

53 16.2 61

63 16.7 61

73 17.2 61

83 17.7 61

93 18.2 61

103 18.6 61

113 19.1 61

123 19.4 61

133 19.6 61

143 19.9 61

153 20.1 61

163 20.4 61

173

• 20.6 61

193 21.0 61

213 21.3 61

233 21.3 61

253 21.8 61

333 23.5 61

353 23.5 61

373 23.6 61

393 23.8 61

413 24.0 61

433 24.1 61

453 24.3 61

473 24.5 61

493 24.7 61

513 24.9 61

533 25.0 61

553 25.2 61

573 25.4 61

181
5 . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Troy Tack, Bob Ritchie, K.T. Venkateswara Rao, Steve James, Dennis

Rule, and Hassell Ledbetter for providing us with preprints and data. We would

also like to thank the many authors who have been so cooperative in answering

our many questions.

182
6 . REFERENCES

1. Reed, R. P. , Purtscher, P. T. , McColskey, J. D. , Walsh, R. P. , Berger, J.

R. , Drexler, E. S., Santoyo, R. L. , and Simon, N. J., "Aluminum Alloys for

ALS Cryogenic Tanks: Comparative Measurements of Cryogenic Mechanical

Properties of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219,” submitted for publication as

NISTIR 3979, National Ins tit ate of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO.

2. "Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structure, Vol. 1,"

Department of Defense, Washington, SC, MIL-HNBK-5E (1987).

3 Wan, C. C. , Carter, R. V., Henderson, G. W. , and Uht, J. C.,

"Tensile Properties of 8090 Al-Li Alloy at Elevated and Cryogenic

Temperatures," The Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA, Report No. ATR89(8486)-!, 48 pp. (1989).

4. Venkateswara Rao, K.T. , Yu, W. , and Ritchie, R.O. , "Cryogenic Toughness of

Commercial Aluminum -Lithium Alloys: Role of Delamination Toughening,"

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, Report No. LBL-224969, 36 pp.

(1988)

.

5. Willner, E. , "Aluminum -Lithium Alloy 8090," Structural and Materials

Engineering Bulletin, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, 27 pp. (1989).

6. Jata, K. V., and Starke, E. A., Jr., "Fracture Toughness of Al-Li-X Alloys

at Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures," Scripts Metallurgies, 22,

1553-1556 (1988).

7. Grimes, R. , Miller, W. S., and Reynolds, M. A., "The Status of Alcan's

Aluminum- Lithium Alloy Programme," in Aluminum- Lithium Alloys: Design,

Development and Application Update, Eds. Kar, R. J., Agrawal , S. P. , and

Quist, W. E. , ASM International, Metals Park, OH, 41—55 (1988).

8. Peel, C. J., Evans, B. , and McDarmaid, D. , "Current Status of UK

Lightweight Lithium- containing Aluminum Alloys," in Aluminum- Lithium

Alloys III, Institute of Metals, London, England, 26—36 (1986).

9. Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc., "Aluminum- Lithium Alloy 8090,

Sheet and Plate," Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Report No. LAC

07-4774 D, 14 pp. (1989)

.

10. Welpmann, K. , Lee, Y. T. , and Peters, M. , "Low Temperature Deformation

Behavior of 8090," in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys V, Eds. Starke, E. A., Jr.,

and Sanders, T. H. , Jr., Materials and Components Engineering

Publications, Birmingham, England, 1513—1522 (1989).

11. Glazer, J., Verzasconi, S. L. , Dalder, E.N.C., Yu, W. , Emigh, R.

A., Ritchie, R. 0., and Morris, J. W. , Jr., "Cryogenic Mechanical

Properties of Al-Cu-Li-Zr Alloy 2090," in Advances in Cryogenic

Engineering Materials, Vol. 32, Eds. Reed, R. P., and Clark, A. F. , Plenum

Press, NY, 397-404 (1986).

183
12. Venkateswara Rao, K. T. , and Ritchie, R. 0., "Fracture -Toughness Behavior

of 2090-T83 Aluminum -Lithium Alloy Sheet at Ambient and Cryogenic

Temperatures," Scripts Metallurgies, 23_, 1129-1134 (1989).

13. Goodyear, M. D. , "ALCOA Alloy 2090," Aluminum Company of America, Alcoa

Center, PA, ALCOA Green Letter GL 226, 103 pp . (1989).

14. Venkateswara Rao, K. T. , and Ritchie, R. 0., "Mechanical Properties of

Commercial Aluminum -Lithium Alloys Part I: Fracture Toughness and

Microstructure," Material Science and Technology, 5, 882-895 (1989).

15. Venkateswara Rao, K. T. , Hayashigatani , H. F. , Yu, W. , and Ritchie, R. 0. , "On the Fracture Toughness of Aluminum- Lithium Alloy 2090-T8E41 at Ambient

and Cryogenic Temperatures," Scripts Metallurgies, 22.* 93—98 (1988).

16. Glazer, J., Verzasconi, S. L. , Sawtell, R. R. , and Morris, J. W. , Jr.,

Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum- Lithium Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures,"

Metallurgical Transactions A, 18A . 1695-1701 (1987).

17. Tobler, R. L. , Han, J. K. , and Reed, R. P. , "Fatigue Resistance of a 2090-T8E41 Aluminum Alloy at Cryogenic Temperatures," in Cryogenic

Materials '88: Vol. 2. Structural Materials, Eds. Reed, R. P. , Xing, Z.

S., and Collings, E. W. , International Cryogenic Materials Conference,

Boulder, CO, 703-712 (1988).

18. Pickens, J. R. , Heubaum, F. H. , and Tack, W. T. , "Weldalite 049: An

Advanced Cryogenic Aluminum Alloy," Unpublished data, Martin Marietta

Corporation (1989).

19. Tack, W. T. , and Loechel, 1. W. , "Weldalite 049: Applicability of A New

High Strength, Weldable Al-Li-Cu Alloy," in Aluminum- Lithium Alloys V,

Eds. Starke, E. A., Jr. and Sanders, T. H. , Jr., Materials and Component

Engineering Publication, Birmingham, England, 1457-1467 (1989)

.

20. Pickens, J. R. , Heubaum, F. H. , Langan, T. J., and Kramer, L. S.,

"Al--4.5-6.3Cu--l.3Li--0.4Ag--0.4Mg--0.14Zr Alloy Weldalite 049," in

Aluminum -Lithium Alloys V, Eds. Starke, E. A., Jr., and Sanders, T. H. , Jr., Materials and Component Engineering Publications, Birmingham,

England, 1397-1414 (1989).

21. Kaufman, J. G., Bogardus , K. 0., and Wanderer, E. T. , Tensile Properties

and Notch Toughness of Aluminum Alloys at —452 ®F in Liquid Helium," in

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 13 , 294—308 (1968).

22. Carman, C. M. , Forney, J. W. , and Katlin, J. M. , "Plane Strain Fracture

Toughness of 2219-T87 Aluminum Alloy at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures,

NASA, Report No. CR-54297 (1966).

23. Denaburg, C. R. , "Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy

2219 -T87, 0.040 Inch Thick Sheet through 5.00 Inch Thick Plate,"

NASA- -George C. Marshall Space Center, Report No. TMX-53332 (1965).

184
24 . Kaufman, J. G. , Nelson, F. G., and Johnson, E. W. , "The Properties of

Aluminum Alloy 2219 Sheet Plate, and Welded Joints at Low Temperatures,"

in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 8, Ed. Timmerhaus, K. D.

,

Plenum Press, New York, NY, 661-670 (1963).

25. Hall, L. R. , and Bixler, W. D., "Subcritical Crack Growth of Selected

Aerospace Pressure Vessel Materials," NASA, Report No. CR-120834 (1972).

26. Witzell, W. E. , "Crack Growth Behavior of 2219-T87 Aluminum Alloy from 20

K (—423°F) to 422 K (300“F)," Convair Aerospace, Division of General

Dynamics, Report No. NAS-73011 (1973).

27. Masters, J. N. , Haese, W. P. , and Finger, R. W. , "Investigation of Deep

Flaws in Thin Walled Tanks," NASA, Report No. CR-72606 (1969).

28. Tiffany, C. F. , Lorenz, P. M. , and Shah, R. C. , "Extended Loading of

Cryogenic Tanks," NASA, Report No. CR-72252 (1966).

29. Tiffany, C. F. , Lorenz, P. M. , and Hall, L. R. , "Investigation of

Plane- Strain Flaw Growth in Thick Walled Tanks," NASA, Report No.

CR-54837 (1966).

30. Hall, L. R. , and Finger, R. W. , "Investigation of Flaw Geometry and

Loading Effects on Plane Strain Fracture in Metallic Structures,” NASA,

Report No. CR-72659 (1971).

31. Masters, J. N. , Bixler, W. D., and Finger, R. W. , "Fracture

Characteristics of Structural Aerospace Alloys Containing Deep Surface

Flaws," NASA, Report No. CR- 134587 (1973).

32. Shah, R. C., "Effects of Proof Loads and Combined Mode Loadings on

Fracture and Flaw Growth Characteristics of Aerospace Alloys," NASA- -Lewis

Research Center, Cleveland, OH, Report No. CR-134611, 274 pp . (1974).

33. Masters, J. N. , Engstrom, W. L. , and Bixler, W. D., "Deep Flaws in

Weldaments of Aluminum and Titanium," NASA, Report No. CR- 134649 (1974).

34. Read, D. T., and Reed, R. P., "Effects of Specimen Thickness on Fracture

Toughness of an Aluminum Alloy," International Journal of Fracture, 13 . 201-213 (1977).

35. Schwanbeck, C. A. , "Effect of Nuclear Radiation on Materials at Cryogenic

Temperature," NASA, Report No. CR-54881 (1965).

36. James, R. S., and Bucci, R. J., "Lessons Learned: Aluminum- Lithium

Alloy Development," Unpublished data. Aluminum Company of America,

Alcoa Center, PA, 62 pp. (1989).

37. Glazer, J., Morris, J. W. , Jr., Kim, S. A., Austin, M. W. , and Ledbetter,

H. M. , "Temperature Variation of the Elastic Constants of Aluminum Alloy

2090-T81," AIAA Journal, 25, 1271-1272 (1987).

185
38. Noble, B. , Harris, S. J., and Dinsdale, K. , "The Elastic Modulus of

Aluminum- Lithium Alloys," Journal of Material Science, 12, 461-468 (1982).

39. Webster, D., "Toughness and Ductility of Aluminum- Lithium Alloys Prepared

by Powder Metallurgy and Ingot Metallurgy," in Aluminum -Lithium Alloys I,

Eds. T. H. Sanders, Jr. and E. A. Starke, Jr., The Metallurgical Society

of the AIME, New York, NY, 228-239 (1981).

40. Reed, R. P. , "Materials at Low Temperatures; Aluminum. 2. A Review of

Deformation Properties of High- Purity Aluminum and Dilute Aluminum

Alloys," Cryogenics, 12, 259-291 (1972),

41. Hill, R. , "The Elastic Behavior of a Crystalline Aggregate," Proceedings

of the Physical Society, Section A, 65 , 349—354 (1952),

42. Mfiller, W. , Bubeck, E. , and Ceroid, V., "Elastic Constants of Al-Li Solid

Solution and 6

' Precipitates," in Aluminum -Lithium III, Institute of

Metals, London, England, 435—441 (1986).

43. Stokes, H. J., "Apparatus for the Measurement of Young's Modulus, between

—200 and 700*C by the Transverse Vibration in Vacuum," Journal of

Scientific Instruments, 37, 117—120 (1960).

44. Senoo, M. , Nishimura, T. , Matsumuro, A., and Ishigai, S., "Measurement of

the Elastic Constants of Polycrystals in a Cylindrical Specimen by the

Resonance Method (Elastic Anisotropy of an Axisymmetrical Specimen and

Measurements at Low and High Temperature)," JSME International Journal,

30, 747-753 (1987).

45. Girard, F. , and Vidal, G. , "Nouvelle Methode de Mesure a Chaud du

Coefficient de Poisson des Metaux et Alliages," Memoires Scientifiques

Rev. Metallurg., 57, 118-123 (1960).

46. Dudzinski, N. , Murray, J. R. , and Chalmers, B. , "The Young's Modulus of

Some Aluminum Alloys," The Journal of the Institute of Metals, 74, 291—314

(1948)

.

47. Rooney, W. D. , Papazian, J. M. , Balmuth, E. S., Davis, R. C. , and Adler,

P. N. , "Elastic Anisotropy in Al-Li Alloys," in Aluminum-Lithium Alloys 5,

Eds. T. H. Sanders, Jr. and E. A. Starke, Jr., Materials and Component

Engineering Publications Ltd., Birmingham, England, 799—808 (1989).

48. Wawra, H. H. , "Einfluss der Werkstoffvorbehandlung auf die

Elastizitatseigenschaften vol Aluminiumwerkstoffen, " Aluminum, 805—811

(1970) .

49. Broussaud, F. , and Thomas, M. , "Influence of 5' Phase Coalescence on

Young's Modulus in an Al-2.5wt%Li Alloy," in Aluminum- Lithium Alloys III,

Institute of Metals, London, England, 442—447 (1986).

50. Read, D. T. , and Ledbetter, H. M. , "Temperature Dependence of the Elastic

Constants of Precipitation-Hardened Aluminum Alloys 2014 and 2219,"

186
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, £9, 181—184 (1977).

51. Ledbetter, H. M. , private communications. National Institute of Standards

and Technology, Boulder, CO (1990).

52. Pickens, J, R. , "Weldalit'j 049: Ulta-H5 gh- Strength Weldable Al-Li Alloy,

Technical Data Package, Martin Marietta Laboratories, Baltimore, MD, pp

.

44 (1990).

53. Sato, T. , Takahashi, T. , "Precipitation Phenomena and Mechanical

Properties in an Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr Alloy," Journal of the Japanese Institute

for Light Metals, 36, 728-736 (1986).

54. Papazian, J. M. , Bott, G. C. , and Shaw, P. , "Influence of Forming in the

T3 Condition on Properties of 2090-T8X, 2091-T8X, and 8090-T8X," Journal

de Physique, Colloque 3, 48 -C3 . 231—237 (1987).

55. Taylor, R. E. , Groot, H. , and Larimore, J., "Thermal Conductivity and

Specific Heat of Aluminum- Lithium Alloy 2090," Thermophysical Properties

Research Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, Report

No. TPRL 878, 14 pp. (1989).

56. Lucks, C. F. , Matolich, J., and Van Valzor, J. A., "The Experimental

Measurement of Thermal Conductivities, Specific Heats, and Densities of

Metallic, Transparent, and Protective Materials, Part III," Battelle

Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, Report No. TR 6145, 72 pp. (1954).

57. Lucks, C. F. , and Deem, H. W. , "Thermal Properties of Thirteen Metals,"

ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 227, American Society for Testing

and Materials, Philadelphia, PA (1958).

58. Corruccini, R. J., "Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures, Part I,"

Chemical Engineering Progress, 53, 262—267 (1957).

59. Rule, D. L. , "Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum- Lithium Alloy 2090-T81 from

4.2 to 300 K," private communication. National Institute of Standards and

Technology, Boulder, CO (1990).

60. Rhodes, B. L. , Moeller, C. E. , and Sauer, H. J., "An Apparatus for

Determining Thermal Conductivity of Solids from 20 to 600 K," Cryogenics,

5, 17-20 (1965).

61. Hust, J. G. , and Lankford, A. B. , "Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum,

Copper, Iron, and Tungsten for Temperatures from 1 K to the Melting

Point," National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, NBSIR 84-3007 (1984).

187
BL-114A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

(5-90) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET

1. PUBUCATION OR REPORT NUMBER

NISTIR

2. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

B91-0236

3. PUBUCATION DATE

December 1991

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Review of Cryogenic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Al-Li Alloys and Alloy 2219

5. AUTHOR(S)

N.J. Simon, E.S. Drexler, and R.P. Reed

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (IF JOINT OR OTHER THAN NIST, SEE INSTRUCTIONS)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

BOULDER, COLORADO 60303-3328

7. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER

8. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

9. SPONSORINQ ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (STREET. aTY, STATE, ZIP) Air Force System Command

Astronautics Laboratory

Edwards Air Force Base, CA

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-WORD OR LESS FACTUAL SUMMARY OF MOST SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION. IF DOCUMENT INCLUDES A SIGNIFICANT BIBUOGRAPHY OR

LITERATURE SURVEY. MENTION IT HERE.)

The review of cryogenic mechanical and thermal properties presented here is part of a broader

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) program to assess new high-strength Al-Li

alloys for use in the cryogenic tankagi of the Advanced Launch System (ALS) . The purpose of the

NIST program has been to assess the relative suitability of high-strength Al—Li alloys and alloy

2219 for use in ALS cryogenic tanks. In this report, the cryogenic data on Al-Li alloys 8090,

2090, WL049, and Al alloy 2219 have been summarized. Properties covered in this survey are

tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, fracture toughness, elastic constants, specific

heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion.

12.

KEY WORDS (6 TO 12 ENTRIES; ALPHABETICAL ORDER; CAPITALIZE ONLY PROPER NAMES; AND SEPARATE KEY WORDS BY SEMICOLONS)

alloy 2219; aluminum alloys; cryogenic properties; elastic constants; lithium alloys; mechanical

properties; physical properties

13. AVAILABILITY UNUMITED

196

FOR OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION. DO NOT RELEASE TO NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS). ORDER FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,

WASHINGTON, DC 20402.

IS. PRICE

A09

X ORDER FROM NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS), SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161.

14. NUMBER OF PRINTED PAGES

ELECTRONIC FORM