NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

U322

SPEC1R0PHD TOMETRIC AND COLORIMETRIC

CHANGE IN THE LEAF OF A WHITE OAK TREE

UNDER CONDITIONS OF

NATURAL DRYING AND EXCESSIVE MDISTURE

By

Harry J. Keegan,

John C. Schleter,

and

Wiley A. Hall, Jr.

To

U. S. Department of the Air Force

Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory

Wright Air Development Center

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0201-20-2325 September 195? 1|322

SPEC TROPHO IDMETRIC AND COLORIMETRIC

CHANGE IN THE LEAF OF A WHITE OAK TREE

UNDER CONDITIONS OF

NATURAL DRYING AND EXCESSIVE MOISTURE

By

Harry J. Keegan,

John C. Schleter,

and

Wiley A. Hall, Jr.,

Photometry and Colorimetry Section

Optics and Metrology Division

To

U. S. Department of the Air Force

Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory

Wright Air Development Center

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Air Force Contract No. AF 33 (6l6) -52-21

Task Number 62101;

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The publication. Approved for public release by the

unless permissio director of the National Institute of

25, d.c. Such 1 Standards and Technology (NIST)

cally prepared I on October 9, 2015

or in part, is prohibited Standards, Washington

. report has been specifir report for its own use.

PREFACE

This is one of a series of NBS reports of spectrophometric

and colorimetric work done under NBS Project No. 0203 - 20

2325 entitled Color Reconnaissance Studies, financed by the

Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory, Wright Air Development

Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 0hio$ Air Force

Contract No* 33 (6l6) £2-21. It is coordinated with Air

Force Contract No. 33 (6l6) - 262 under Dr. High T. O’Neill

O’Neill Associates, Annapolis, Maryland, who requested the

NBS to perform this year-long test of leaves of white oak

trees.

Harry J. Keegan

Project Leader

SPEC1H)P HQTOMETRIG AND COLORIMETRIC

CHANGE IN THE LEAF OF A WHITE OAK TREE

UNDER CONDITIONS OF

NATURAL DRYING AND EXCESSIVE MOISTURE

Harry J 0 Keegan, John C. Schleter, and Wiley A. Hall, Jr.

Abstract

In the detection of an object in a scene from an aerial photograph,

it is necessary to know both spectrophotometrically and c ol orime trically

how the object differs from the surround, and what changes there may be

in the common surrounds, such as, leaves of trees, grass, rocks and

soils, ice and snow, and water* As the leaves of trees are a common

background in many parts of the world. Dr* Hugh T« 0“ Neill, O’Neill

Associates, Annapolis, Maryland, under a coordinated Air Force contract,

requested the National Bureau of Standards to determine the spectrophotometric change in White Oak (Quercus alba L. ) leaves under conditions

of natural drying and excessive moisture* This tree was selected for

study because of its prominence, especially in the Eastern part of the

United States.

One set of leaves was allowed to dry at room temperature and

humidity^ anothar set was immersed in water at all times except during

measurements* Measurements of spectral directional reflectance were

made periodically at intervals of hours, then weeks, then months for

one year. These measurements were made for both the visible and near

infrared spectrum, i|00 to 1080 millimicrons 0 For the visible spectrum,

I|00 to 750 millimicrons, CdoE. chromaticity coordinates and daylight

reflectances are reported as well as Munsell renotations, ISCONBS color

designations, and color differences in NBS units, (AE), for both the

wet and dry leaves* From this information predictions may be made of

the time change in the leaf of a White Oak tree ftom the time that it

appears on the tree until it is dead either on the tree or on the floor

of the forest.

I. Introduction

The overall objective of this Air Force investigation is stated as follows 2 ”To develop by visible, near infrared, and near ultraviolet

spectrophotometry, methods for the detection of objects from color

reconnaissancej to study the colors, tonal contrast, and color separation

necessary in aerial photography to yield maximum information! to determine

the wavelength region at which the film manufacturer should strive to

obtain maximum sensitivity to yield clear separation of an object from

its adjacent area rather than to yield true color fidelity3 to determine

the characteristics required in a sensitized material for the rapid and

accurate extraction of this information51 .
%
~2

This report is concerned solely with the spectrophotometrie and

colorimetric changes that appear in the background of an aerial seenef

namely the leaves of trees* and in particular the leaves of the White

Oak tree (Quercus alba L*)* It is believed that the accumulation of

this type of information is a necessary step toward attaining the overall objection of this investigation*

IIo Material* The white oak tree.) from which one of the authors (JCS) picked

the leaves on September 2i+* 1952* is located about 100 feet east of

the East Builchng on the grounds of the National Bureau of Standards

in Washington* D. C. The leaves of this Iree were selected for their

freshness and all of them were taken from the same leaf cluster on the

same branch of the one tree* They were separated into two groups and

both sets were immediately spectrophotome teredo In each case the

ventral side of the second leaf* the backing leaf* was stapled to the

dorsal side of the first leafo All measurements were made on the

ventral side of the first leafo Each pair of samples was backed

with black paper on a wooden block for all of the measurements

»

Essentially the same part of each leaf was chosen for the repeat

measurements* throughout the year periodo Twenty-five sets of

measurements were made* three the first day* two the second and third

days, then one each on the sixth and eighth days* and one each week

until the fifth week* then on tenth* twelfth* and sixteenth weeks*

after that one measurement was made each four weeks up to and including

the fifty-second weeko All this time the M wetw sample was kept immersed

in distilled water in a large (U liter) clear glass beaker* and the 82 dry”

sample was kept in a similar glass beaker without water * The beakers

were placed near an east window and were not moved during the year period*

Each month or when needed* additional distilled water was added to keep

the submerged sample wet*

III* Spectrophotometrie Measurements*

Measurements of spectral directional reflectance were made on the

NBS General Electric recording spectrophotometer jjL* 3* for the

condition of included specular component of the reflected radiant energy

and for the spectral range 1+00 to 1080 millimicrons* Slits of approximately 10 millimicrons of spectral width were used for the measurements

in the visible spectrum 1+00 to 750 millimicrons* and 20 millimicrons: of

spectral width for the near infrared spectrum 730 to 1080 millimicrons * All recordings were made with calibration curves of standard die^piium

and “Vitrolite glasses for making wavelength and photometric scale

corrections Q 3 % zero curve corrections were also made* Each of

the fifty curve sheets were read and corrected at each ten millimicron

interval between 1+00 and 1080 millimicrons *

* Figures in brackets indicate the index reference pp* 6 and 7 of this report*

-3-

As a final run, on the day following the above study, each of the

two sets of leaves was unstapled and spectral directional refiectaice

measurements were made for the ventral side of each of the two measured

and the two backing leave s, for the spectral region UOO to 1080 millimicrons .

IV. Results. The results of this spectrophotometric study of the leaf of a white

oak tree for the one year period are shown on the 52 Ozalid prints of

the original recordings in Appendix; A of this report. There are 26

graphs of the visible spectrum and 2

6

of the near infrared spectrum^ for

each set of measurements the infrared graph sheet follows its companion

visible spectrum graph*.

The numbering system used to designate the time intervals at which

the spectrophotometric measurements were made during the one year period

and the serial numbers of the graph sheets in Appendix A showing these

measurements, for both the visible and near infrared spectrum, are given

in Table I.

The corrected values of spectral directional reflectance of 27 sets

of determinations of the wet and dry White Oak leaf are listed in the

tables of Appendix Bo For wavelengths 730, 7i±0, and 750 millimicrons,

which spectral region appears on both the visible and on the near infrared

graph sheets, the average values far both determinations are reported.

Eight of these sets of spectrophotometric measurements are

illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the visible and near infrared

spectral directional reflectance curves of the two leaves of the white

oak tree, one kept dry (dashed curves) and the other kept immersed in

distilled water (solid curve) for one year. The eight pairs of curves

were selected from 25 pairs of measurements made on the same specimens

over the one-year period.

The same eight sets of spectrophotometric measurements for the

visible spectrum only are shown in Figure 2. It is with the visible

spectrum that the rest of this report is concerned in the determination

of the chromaticity coordinates, daylight reflectances, Mansell

renotations, ISCC-NBS color designations and color differences. co

* In a later report, these companion graph sheets will be consolidated

and issued with a continuous wavelength seale| they will be issued in the

form of transparent foils (11 by 15 inches). These graphs will be

issued in specially prepared loose-leaf binders.

Yo Colprime ted© Computations

The corrected spectral directional reflectances for the visible

spectrum 380 to 75>0 millimicrons for the 25 determinations made on

the wet sample and for the 25 determinations made on the dry sample

were integrated into the CoIoE® Standard Observer and Coordinate

System for Source C* representative of average daylight® These

colorime trie computations yielded the chromaticity coordinates and daylight reflectances listed in Tables II and III®

The area of the CoLEo chroma ticity diagram that the above data

occupy is shown in Figure 3, and an enlargement of the indicated area is

shown in Figure i*o

VI o Mansell Renotaticns and ISCC°NBS Color Designations 0 By the use of the above CoXoE® chromaticity coordinates and daylight

reflectances of the two sets of 25 determinations for the wet and dry

leaves* the Munsell renotations were obtained from graphs of conversion

from the CoIoEo system to the Munsell system ® These Munsell renotations were then converted into terms of the ISCC°NBS color designations [7]*

Both the Munsell renotations and the ISCC-NBS color designations of all

50 determinations cn the wet and dry leaves are shown in Tables IV and Vo

The colorimetric change in these leaves are shown in Figure 5 as a

schematic illustration of ideal Munsell space represented as a cylinder

with a section of the cylinder removed to show the vertical and horizontal

projections of the loci of the leaf changes® These changes are further

illustrated in Figure 6* and in the isometric illustration of Figure 7°

VII « Color DifferenceFrom the Munsell renotations of the $0 determinations of the wet and

dry leaves* color differences in terms of MBS units* (AE)* were computed*

by means of the Godlove formula f8j * between the initial measurement and

each of the succeeding measurements for both the wet and dry leaves*

These differences are listed in Table VI* and illustrated in Figure 8*

In addition* and as a final check* the two sets of leaves were unstapled* each leaf was spectrophotome tered* and the data was converted

into C-I.Eo chromaticity coordinates* daylight reflectances* Munsell

renotations* ISCC-NBS color designations* and NBS units* (AE)* of color

differences® These data are shown in Tables VII* VIII5 and IXA series of measurements of spectral directional reflectance have

been made on two sets of leaves of the White Oak tree for a period of

“5~

one year© One set of leaves was kept at room temperature and humidity,

the other set was kept immersed in distilled water at the same room

temperature o These measurements were made for both the visible (UOO - 750 millimicrons) and the near infrared (730 - 1080 millimicrons) spectral

regions ©

The data from these visible spectrum measurements were converted into

colorimetric terms of the CoIoE© system, the Mansell system, the ISCC-NBS

color designations, and NBS units of color differences©

After the one-year stady, each leaf (the measured sample and the

backing sample, both wet and dry) was spectropho tome tered and the data

converted into colorimetric terms as used for the other determinations©

IX© Conclusions ©

The leaf of the white oak tree in both the wet and dry state gradually

ages in color from the green towards the red| that is, from grayish olive

green to dark grayish brown and to light brown, respectively©

The daylight reflectance of the dry leaf gradually increases with

age from approximately Q% to 19

%

while the wet leaf gradually decreases

in reflectance from approximately 8$ to h% daring the one-year period©

The dry leaf becomes more saturated in color for the first 20 hours

after picking, then gradually loses saturation until 20 days, and then

regains its saturation and is a maximum at the year°s end©

Fig© 1 shows that the wavelength region of greatest reflectance

change for the dry leaf is in the visible spectrum between 670 and 680

millimicrons (the chlorophyll band)© These changes are associated with

the disappearance of chlorophyll from the leaf, and they provide the

basis for a determination, to the nearest week, of the length of time the

dry leaf has been separated from the tree over the range of 1 to i|0 weeks©

To facilitate such a detection by aerial photography the film should have

its sensitivity confined as closely as possible to the wavelength region

500 to 700 millimicrons©

Fig© 1 also shows that the wavelength region of greatest reflectance

change for the wet leaf is in the near infrared between 750 and 900 millimicrons© These changes are associated with the penetration of water into

the leaf, and they provide a basis for determining whether the leaf has

been separated from the tree for two weeks or less, for about three or four weeks, or for six weeks or more| see ozalid prints in Appendix Ao

To facilitate such a detection by aerial photography the film should have

its sensitivity confined as closely as possible to the wavelength region

700 to 1,000 millimicrons© During the first two weeks the leaf rather

= 6=

successfully resists water penetration* but after six weeks the penetration

is substantially complete* the leaf having become water“logged

»

Figo 1 shows two spectral regions (630 and 700 ndllimicrons ) for the

wet leaf in which the reflectance is substantially constant with time

although in other spectral regions gross changes are evident*. Such a

crossing point is known as an isosbestic point£9^] » and it characterizes

pigmented structures in which one pigment is converted into another of

the same absorption coefficient at that wavelength*. Note* however* that

the reflectance of the wet leaf does not rise substantially above its

original value until the leaf has been separated from the tree for 2k weeks

and has become thoroughly waterlogged*, It seems likely that this rise is

due to physical escape of chlorophyll from the leaf structure* rather than

to the formation of another compound* and this view is substantiated by the

fact that the water in which the leaf was stored showed a greenish color

at this stage*,

Fig. 1 also shows a spectral region (about 720 millimicrons) in which

the reflectance of the dry leaf is substantially constant*, This suggests

that the chlorophyll in the dry leaf is changing to a brown pigment* but

the absence of an approach to an isosbestic point between 800 and 1*000

millimicrons shows that this simple explanation is untenable*, Perhaps*

the explanation is that the chlorophyll changes to a brown pigment QlOj

that is more* though not perfectly* s table

.

Figo 8 supplements the analytical information given in Figs U to 7

by showing the noticeability of the color changes in NBS units » The rapid

color change of the leaves due to waterlogging after being kept wet for

three weeks is particularly strikingo

No comparable study to the present one could be found in the scientific

literatureo The only work related to the spectral reflectance of tree

leaves of interest to this project is that of Krinov M •

X. Acknowledgments .

The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Miss Gladys M„ Haas

in reading and reducing some of the data in the near“infrared spectrum

used in Figure 1* and listed in Appendix Bo

XI o Bibliography. DJ A„ Co Hardy, A new recording spectrophotometer* J, Opt. Soc*, Am. 2£*

305 (1935)| also Ao Co Hardy* History of the design of the recording

spectrophotometer* Jo Opt. Soc. Am. 28* 360 (1938)®
I
-7-

Jo L. Michaels on, Construction of the General Electric recording

spectropho tome ter, Jo Opto Soc. Am* £8, 365 (1938) <>

Ko So Gibson and Ho J. Keegan, Calibration and operation of the

General Electric recording spectrophotometer of the National

Bureau of Standards, J. Opto Soc. Am. 28, 372 (1938); also Ho J»

Keegan and K» So Gibson, On the use of working standards of

didymium and Vitrolite glasses for spectrophotome trie measurements, J. Opt® Soco Am. 3U, 770 (19hii).

D. B. Judd, Colorimetry, NBS Circular CU78, pp» U, 1+0, and 50,

March 1950«

Proceedings, Eighth Session, Commission Internationale de 1 •Eclairage,

Cambridge, England, pp. 19 to 29, September 1931®

S. M. Newhall, D. Nickerson, and D. Bo Judd, Final report of the

OSA subcommittee on the spacing of the Munsell colors, J* Opto Soc®

Am. 33, 385 {19h3).

K. L. Kelly and Do B. Judd, The ISCC-NBS method of designating

colors and a dictionary of color names, IBS Circular C553, 1955°

I. H* Godlove, Improved color-difference formula with applications

to the perceptibility and acceptability of fading, J. Opto Soc* Am.

lO, 760 (1951).

E. Sager, Ho J. Keegan, and S. F. Acree, Basic ionization constant

of metacresolsolfonphthalein; pH values and salt effects, J 0 Research

NBS 31, 330 (19li3); HP 1569.

Ho J. McNicholas, The visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of

carotin and xanthophyll and the changes accompanying oxidation,

J. Research NBS 7, 171 (1931 )

;

RP 337°

E* Lo Krinov, Spectral reflectance properties of natural formations,

Acadeiqy of Sciences, USSR, translated by G. Belkov, Nat. Res* Coun*

Can., Tech© Trans® TT-U39, Ottawa, 1953°
. • ' - • •
-8 -

Figure 1*

Visible and near infrared spectral directional reflectance curves of two sets of white oak leaves, one kept

dry (dashed curves) and the other kept immersed in

distilled water (solid curves)® The eight pairs of

curves were selected from the 2$ pairs of measurements

made on the same specimens over a period of one year®

(See Appendixes A and B to this report for all of the

curves and data; see Table I for the numbering system*,)

-9-

Figure 2.

Spectral directional reflectance of the same

white oak leaves illustrated in Figure 1* but

for the visible spectrum only.

Figure 3

Chromatid ty diagram of the International

Commission on Illumination (C.I.E. )o The

indicated area shows -the part of this diagram

applying to this report,, It also is the area

shown in Figure U*
\
• 11-

Figure u*

% Segment of the CoI*E* Chromaticity Diagram

showing dominant wavelength, excitation purity,

and chroma ticity coordinates of the wet and dry

white oak leaves (Figures 1 and 2) measured 25

times during one year® The two solid lines

illustrate the two paths of the color changes

smoothed in Munsell Ideal Space (Figures 6 and 7)

and transformed back into CoI.Eo space* (For

numbering system see Table I.)
' *•

•
-12-

Figure

Schematic illustration of Munsell Ideal

Space represented as a cylinder with a section of the cylinder removed to show

the horizontal and vertical projections

of the loci of the color changes of the

wet and dry white oak leaves

o

-13 “

Figure 6«

Vertical and horizontal projections of the paths

of color change of the wet and dry leaves illustrated in Figure 5o The lower diagram shows the

Munsell Hue and Munsell Chroma of the 25 pairs of

measurements of these leaves for a period of one

year® The upper diagram shows the Munsell Value

of these measurements plotted against the Munsell

Hue and Munsell Chroma points projected from the

lower diagram,, (For numbering system, see Table I«)

In both segments of the diagram, the closed circles

indicate the dry leaf and the open circles the wet

leaf

Figure 7

Schematic isometric illustration of the

paths of color change of the wet and dry

white oak leaves in Munsell Ideal Spaceo

The points illustrated were obtained from

the eight pairs of spec trophotome trie curves

shown in Figure 2®

-15-

Figure 8*

Color-difference computed by the

Godlove C8j color -difference formula,,

converted into NBS units, and plotted

against time for the wet and dry white

oak leaves. Each color-difference

indicated is relative to the initial

measurement,,

-16-

Table I

Numbering System Used To Designate The Time

Measurements Were Made During The One Year

Original Recording Sheets

„

Hours Weeks

Run Date After After

Noo Measured Picking Picking

Intervals At Which Spectr©photometric

Period* And The Serial Numbers Of The

GE Graph Sheet Serial Number

Visible Near Infrared

Spectrum Spectrum

1 9-2l*-52 1/2 GE 11-1018 GE 11-1019

2 9-2U-52 3 1020 1021

3 9-2l*-52 5 1022 1023

9-25-52 22 102i* 1025

5 9-25-52 27 1026 1027

6 9-26-52 U5-1/2 1028 1029

7 9-26-52 51-1/2 1030 1031

8 9

-29-52 121 1033 1031*

9 10- 1-52 168 1 101*3 101*1*

10 10- 8-52 336 2 1051* 1055

11 10-15-52 5oU 3 1061 1062

12 10-22-52 672 i* 1067 1068

13 10-29-52 8Uo 5 1071* 1075

lU 12- 3-52 1680 10 1091 1092

15 12-17-52 2016 12 1103 nol*

16 l-llt-53 2688 16 1117 1118

17 2-11-53 3360 20 1126 1127

18 3-11-53 1*032 2k 111*6 111*7

19 1*- 8-53 1*701* 28 1182 1183

20 5- 6-53 5376 32 1201* 1205

21 6- 3-53 60U8 36 1231* 1235

22 7- 1-53 6720 ho 121*5 121*6

23 7-29-53 7392 14* 1250 1251

2h 8-26-53 806U 1*8 1262 1263

25 9-23-53 8736 52 1269 1270

-17-

Table II

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.)

KEPT WET

Chromaticity Coordinates And Daylight Reflectances Of A Wet White Oak Leaf**

Obtained From Spec trophotometrie Measurements*

Chroma tic ily Daylight

Run Coordinates Reflectance

No* X y Y(%)

±4rtt 0.332 0.388 7.9

2 .332 .388 7.5

3 <>332 .385 7.5

i* o333 .381* 7.5

5 .333 .386 7.3

6 .335 .391 7.5

7 .331 .381* 7.2

8 .31*2 .1*05 6.5

9 .331 .386 6.9

10 .333 .383 6.9

11 .330 .378 6.5

12 .321* .338 5.2

13 .317 .323 1*.3

m .331 .332 U.3

15 .328 .328 u. u

16 .330 .332 U.3

17 .338 .31*0 U.2

18 .31*0 .336 3.8

19 •3U6 .336 3.9

20 .31*1 .330 3.3

21 .3U6 .331* 3.1*

22 .350 .339 3.6

23 .31*2 .332 l*.o

2k .339 .331 3.9

25 .31*1 .331 U.i

**The initial measurement was made on a dry leaf,
I

I
-18-

Table III

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.)

KEPT DRY

Chromaticity Coordinates And Daylight Reflectances Of A Dry White Oak Leaf

Obtained From Spec tropho tome trie Measurements.

Chromatic ity Daylight

Run Coordinates Reflectance

No. X y

1 0.330 0.383 7.7

2 .338 .395 8.7

3 .31*0 .398 9-3

1* .31*8 .1*00 ii.i*

5 .31*5 .392 11.7

6 .3U6 .390 12 . 1* 7 o3U6 o392 n.i*

8 o3U6 .389 n.8

9 o3U6 .388 11.2

10 .31*3 .380 12.5

11 • 3hh .383 13.1

12 .31*3 .378 13.7

13 • 31*1 .375 il*.o

lU .31*3 .373 lll..6

l? .31*3 .369 11*. 9

16 o3U6 .369 11*. 9

17 .31*8 .365 15.5

18 .337 .36U 15.9

19 .367 • 367 17o2

20 .378 .371* 17.5

21 .386 .371 19.1

22 .391* .371* 19.7

23 .396 .371* 19c 2

2h .398 .373 19.0

25 o397 .371 19.3
(
Table IV

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.

)

KEPT WET

Munsell Renotations And ISCC-NBS Color Designations Of A Wet White Oak Leaf

Derived From Chromaticity Coordinates And Daylight Reflectances Computed From

Spec trophotome trie Data.

Run Munsell

No • Renotations

1 5-9GY-3. 3/2.5**

2 5.8GY-3.2/2.6

3 5.6GY-3.2/2.1i

k 5.3GY-3.2/2.U

5 5. 6GX-3. 2/2.1*

6 5.5GY-3.2/2.6

7 5.7GT-3.1/2.1i

8 5.2GX-3.0/2.9

9 5.8GY-3.1/2.U

10 5.UGX-3. 1/2.3

11 3.5GT-3.0/2.2

12 10.0 Y-2. 7/0.

13 li.9 Y-2.U/0.2

111 0.2 Y-2. U/0.6

1? 7. 7YR-2. li/0.5

16 1.1 Y-2. li/0.6

17 2.3 Y-2. li/0.8

18 9.6YR-2.2/0.8

19 9.0YR-2.3/1.0

20 5.1YR-2. 1/0.8

21 6.5YR-2.1/0.9

22 7.5YR-2. 2/1.1

23 7.8YR-2.3/0.9

2U 6.UYR-2.3/0.8

25 5.8YR-2.3/0.9

ISCC-NBS

Color Designations

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Grayish olive green

Olive gray

Black

Brownish black

Brownish black to black

Dark olive brown

Dark olive brown

Dark grayish yellowish brown

Dark grayish yellowish brown

Dark grayish brown

Dark grayish brown

Dark grayish brown

Dark grayish brown

Dark grayish brown

Dark grayish brown

^Average wet and dry chromaticity coordinates (x,y) and daylight reflectances (l)

used, x = 0.331, y = 0.386, I = 7*8$.

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba Lo

)

KEPT DRY

Mansell Renotaticns And ISCC-NBS Color1 Designations Of A Dry White Oak Leaf

Derived From Chromaticity Coordinates And Daylight Reflectances Computed From

Spectr©photometric Datao

Run Munsell ISCC-NBS

No* Renotation3 Color Designations

1 5.9GY-3.3/2.5** Grayish

2 5.I*GY-3.i*/2.6 Grayish

3 5.3GY-3.6/2.9 Grayish

h 3.7GY-3.9/3.0 Grayish

5 3.5GY-i*.0/2„7 Grayish

6 3.1*GY-U.l/2.7 Grayish

7 3.5GY-3.9/2.7 Grayish

8 2.9GY-U.0/2.6 Grayish

9 2.1*GY-3.9/2.6 Grayish

10 2.5GY-l*.l/2.3 Grayish

11 2.8GY-l*.2/2.? Grayish

12 2.UGY-U.2/2.3 Grayish

13 2.i*GY-l*.3/2.0 Grayish

Ik 0.9GY-1*.1*A»9 Grayish

15 O.SGY-l*.i»A«8 Grayish

olive green

olive green

olive green

olive green to moderate olive green

olive green

olive green

olive green

olive green

olive green

olive' green

olive g^een

olive green

olive green

olive

oliva

16 9.8 Y-U.U/2.0

17 7.1* Y-U.5A.9

18 3.6 Y-li.S/2.1

19 1.8 Y-U.7/2.5

20 1.1* Y-U. 7/3.0

Grayish olive

Light olive gray to grayish olive

Light olive brown to moderate olive brown

Light olive brown

Light olive brown

21 9.0IR-1*. 9/3.1*

22 8.9IR-5.0/3.8

23 8. IjYR-li. 9/3.

8

21*. 8.0IR-l*.9/3.9

25 7.7YE-l*„9/3.9

Moderate yellowish brown

Moderate yellowish brown

Moderate yellowish brown

Light brown to moderate yellowish brown

Light brown

** Average wet and dry chromaticity coordinates (x^y) and daylight

reflectances (Y) usedo x * Oo331<> J

3 Oo386<> I = J 0 Q% 0

Table VI

i

White Oak Leaves

(Quercias alba L.)

Color Differences Between The Initial Measurements And Each Of The 2h Successive

Measurements For Both The Wet And Dry White Oak Leaves Taking As Zero The First

Determination At l/2 Hour After The Leaves Were Picked And Considering,, For The

Purpose Of Color Differences,, The First Determination As Zero Hours

Determinations Color Difference

Between Runs E

Numbers Wet Leaf Dry Leaf

1 and 1 0.0 0.0

1 and 2 2.0 2.0

1 and 3 2.0 6,h

1 and k 2.0 12. U

1 and 5 2.0 11*. 2

1 and 6 2.0 16.2

1 and 7 l*.o 12.2

1 and 8 6.1* li*.2

1 and 9 l*.o 12.1*

1 and 10 >4.2 16.2

1 and 11 6.2 18.2

1 and 12 15.2 18.2

1 and 13 21.5 20.3

1 and lU 21.2 22.1*

1 and 15 21.1* 22.6

1 and 16 21o 2 22.6

1 and 17 20.8 21*. 8

1 and 18 21*. 6 25.6

1 and 19 22.8 30.0

1 and 20 26.8 30.6

1 and 21 26.7 35.6

1 and 22 2Uo8 38.0

1 and 23 23.0 36.1*

1 and 2h 23o2 36.8

1 and 25 23 o 3 36.8

“22“ Table VII

White Oak Leaves

(Quercus alba Lo)

Chromaticity Coordinates And Daylight Reflectances Of The Measured Wet White Oak

Leaf (Now Dried), The Backing Wet White Oak Leaf (Now Dried), The Measured Dry

White Oak Leaf, And The Backing Dry White Oak Leaf Obtained From Spec tr ©photometric

Measurements Made After A Period Of One Year.

GE Graph Sheet

Visible

Serial Number

Near Infrared

Chromatic ity

Coordinates

Daylight

Reflectance

Sample Spectrum Spectrum X y TCO

Measured Leaf

KEPT WET

(Now Dried)

GE 11-1272 GE 11-1273 0.365 0.356 n.3

Backing Leaf

KEPT WET

(Now Dried)

1272 1273 o366 .351* 10.6

Measured Leaf

KEPT DRY

1272 1273 O 8 o372 18.9

Backing Leaf**

KEPT DRY

1272 1273 .353 •365 18.7

**This backing leaf has a chromaticity similar to the measured leaf after 2h

weeks of drying thus giving some indication that light is needed to reduce the

absorption band of chlorophyll,.

Table VIII

White Oak Leaves

(Quercus alba L»)

Munsell Renotations And ISCONB5 Color Designations Of The Measured Wet White Oak

Leaf (Now Dried)* The Backing Wet White Oak Leaf (Now Dried)* The Measured Dry

White Oak Leaf* And The Backing Dry White Oak Leaf Derived From Chroma ticity

Coordinates And Daylight Reflectances Computed From Spec tropho tometrie Measurements

Made After A Period Of One Year

o

Sample

Munsell

Renotation

ISCC-NBS

Color Designation

Measured Leaf

KEPT WET

(Now Dried)

9.3IR-3.9/2.0 Grayish yellowish brown

Backing Leaf

KEPT WET

(Now Dried)

8.7TR-3.8A.9 Grayish yellowish brown

Measured Leaf

KEPT DRY

7.6TR-U.9/3.9 Light brown

Backing Leaf

KEPT DRY

5.1 T-U. 9/2.1 Light grayish olive
. ' . I / X I
Table IX

White Oak Leaves

(Quercus alba L.

)

Color Differences Between The Initial Measurement And The Measured Wet White

Oak Leaf (Now Dried), The Backing Wet White Oak Leaf (Now Dried), The Measured

Dry White Oak Leaf, And The Backing Dry White Oak Leaf, Measured After A Period

Of One Year, And Taking As Zero The First Determination At l/2 Hour After The

Leaves Were Picked And Considering, For The Purpose Of Color Differences, The

First Determination As Zero Hours

»

Determinations Color Difference

Between A E

Run No. 1 and Measured

Leaf, KEPT WET (Now Dried)

16.6

Run No. 1 and Backing

Leaf, KEPT WET (Now Dried)

15.3

Run No. 1 and Measured

Leaf, KEPT DRY

37.0

Run No. 1 and Backing

Leaf, KEPT DRY

33o0

-25-

Appendix A

Ozalid prints of the 26 sets of spectral

directional reflectance measurements made on two

sets of leaves of a White Oak tree; one set kept dry*

the other kept immersed for one year in distilled

water. Please note that the curves on four of the near

infrared graph sheets are erroneous between approximately 9?0 and 1080 millimicrons, and should not be

used in this region of the spectrum. They are: GE II1235, -12U6, -1251, and -1263.

r

= 26-

hi

'll

Appendix B

Tables of spectral directional reflectances UOO -

1080 millimicrons of 25 sets of determinations on wet and

dry samples of White Oak tree leaves made over a period of

one year at the time intervals indicated in Table 1. Also

included are the spectral directional reflectances of the

two backing leaves after the yearns end and reported in

Tables VII, VIII, and IX*

The near infrared data on Runs 21, 22, 23, and 2h are

given for those portions of the spec trcpho tometrie curves

found to be usable • Runs 21 and 22 are given to 9h0 iqi and

Run 2h to 990 iqi. While all of the data on Run 23 is reported the values between 950 and 1080 irp. are extrapolated.

I

“27-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L*)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance* Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets )•

Run Number 1 Run Number 2 Run Number 3

Wave

Length Rx

Wav©

Length

Bp.

Rx

Wave

Length

np. Rx Wave

Length

up. R\

Wave

Length

-31 %

Wave

Length Rx

1»00 0,01*1 750 0.i*89 1*00 o.oi*o 750 0.1*72 1*00 0„0l*l 750 0.1*77

10 ,01*3 60 .500 10 .ol*3 60 .1*92 10 0 0Uj5 60 .1*99

20 ,oi*5 70 .512 20 .01*3 70 .503 20 • oUU 70 .510

30 oOU6 80 •516 30 • oUU 80 .507 30 .01*5 80 .511*

Uo ,01*7 90 .518 Uo .01*5 90 • 511 Uo .01*5 90 .519

l*5o .01*8 800 .522 1*50 • oU5 800 .512 1*50 • 0U6 800 .522

60 .01*8 10 .523 60 o0u6 10 • 5l5 60 • 0U6 10 .525

70 .01*9 20 .521* 70 .01*6 20 .517 70 .01*7 20 .528

80 .01*9 30 .526 80 .01*6 30 .518 80 .01*7 30 • 529

90 .050 Uo .528 90 .01*6 Uo .520 90 .01*8 UO .531

5oo .o5i 85o .529 500 .01*8 850 .522 500 .01*9 85o .532

10 .058 60 .530 10 .051* 60 .522 10 .055 60 .531*

9 20 • 072 70 • 531 20 .067 70 .523 20 .069 70 .536

30 o091 80 .532 30 .086 80 .525 30 •085 80 .537

Uo olOO 90 .533 uo .095 90 .526 Uo • 093 90 .538

550 • 103 900 .531* 550 .098 900 .528 550 .096 900 .51*0

60 • 100 10 •535 60 • 095 10 .528 60 .091* 10 .51*0

70 .088 20 .535 70 .081* 20 • 528 70 .081* 20 .51*1

80 o0?7 30 .535 80 •073 30 .527 80 .071* 30 .5**o

90 • 072 Uo .535 90 0O68 Uo .528 90 .069 1*0 .51*0

600 • 070 950 .531* 600 .065 950 .526 600 • 066 950 0 5i*o

10 .065 60 .533 10 .062 60 .521* 10 .063 60 .536

20 .061 70 • 531 20 .057 ?o .522 20 .059 70 .533

30 .059 80 .529 30 .055 80 .5a 30 .05? 80 .532

Uo .057 90 .530 UO • 05U 90 .520 UO .055 90 .532

650 .053 1000 .530 650 .050 1000 .520 650 .052 1000 .533

6o .050 10 .531 60 .01*8 10 .520 60 • 050 10 .531*

70 .01*6 20 .532 70 .ol*5 20 .520 70 .01*6 20 .536

80 0OU6 30 .532 80 .01*1* 30 .5a 80 .01*5 30 .536

90 .052 Uo .533 90 .01*9 Uo .523 90 .051 Uo .537

700 .096 1050 .533 700 .089 1050 .521* 700 .096 1050 .537

10 .181 60 .533 10 .169 60 .525 10 .176 60 .53?

20 .285 70 •532 20 .269 70 .526 20 .276 70 .538

Bf 30 .381 80 .532 30 .368 80 .526 30 • 372 80 .538 W 2*0 .i*5o Uc • U3U Uo •UUo

“28=

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba Lo)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance, Rx, Obtained from Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets

)

0 Run Number U

Wave

Length

m

Rx

Wave

Length r\

Uoo OoOiil 750 O.U52

10 .01*2 60 .U70

20 oOUU 70 .U?9

30 .ol*5 80 .1*81* Uo „0U6 90 .U88

U5o »0i;6 800 .U90

60 .OUT 10 • U92

70 .01*8 20 .i*9U

80 .01*8 30 oU96

90 „0U8 Uo .U98

5oo .050 850 .U98

10 .055 60 • U99

20 .068 70 .500

30 .081* 80 .502

1*0 o092 90 .502

55o .096 900 • 50U

60 .091* 10 .50U

70 .081* 20 .50U

80 .075 30 .503

90 .069 Uo .503

600 .067 95o .500

10 .06U 60 .U98

20 0O60 70 oU96

30 .057 80 oU9U

Uo o056 90 oU9U

6?0 .052 1000 oU9U

60 .050 10 oU9U

70 .01*7 20 oU9U

80 .ol*5 30 .U9U

90 .052 Uo .1*95

700 o099 1050 .U95

10 .176 60 .U95

20 .266 70 oU96

30 .357 80 • U96

i+0 .U20

Run Nurnbsr 5

Wave

Length

mp

R\

Wave

Length

irp

RX

Uoo 0.0U0 75c 0.1*58

10 .01*2 60 .1*76

20 .01*2 70 .U86

30 »0i|U 80 .1*91

Uo oOUU 90 .U96

U5o •0U5 800 • U98

60 • 0U6 10 • 501

70 .0U6 20 .503

80 0 0,U6 30 .505

90 .0U6 Uo .506

500 • 0U8 850 .507

10 .o5U 60 .509

20 .068 70 .5*0

30 .083 80 .511

Uo o091 90 .512

550 .095 900 .513

60 •092 10 •513

70 .082 20 .5iU

80 .072 30 .5il*

90 .067 Uo • 5i3

600 .065 950 .511

10 .062 60 .509

20 .058 70 .506

30 .056 80 .506

Uo .055 90 O vn 0

65o .051 1000 .507

60 .0U8 10 .508

70 .01*5 20 .510

80 .0U5 30 .513

90 .050 Uo .515

700 .095 1050 .516

10 o!73 60 .518

20 .267 70 .518

30 .360 80 .518

Uo .1*23

Run Number 6

Wave

Length

mp

Rx

Wave

Length Rx

Uoo 0.03U 750 0.UU9

10 .036 60 „U66

20 .039 70 .1*77

30 .01*1 80 .U82

Uo .01*2 90 .U87

U5o oOUU 800 .U91

60 .01*5 10 .U93

70 0 0U6 20 .U95

80 .0U7 30 .1*97

90 .0i*8 1*0 oU99

5oo .0U9 850 .501

10 .055 60 .502

20 0O68 70 .503

30 .081* 80 .505

Uo .093 90 .506

550 .096 900 .507

60 • 09U 10 .508

70 .081* 20 o07

80 • 0?U 30 .507

90 .068 Uo .507

600 0O66 950 0S06

10 .062 60 .502

20 .058 70 oU99

30 o057 80 oU98

Uo .055 90 .500

650 .051 1000 .500

60 oQU8 10 • 502

70 .0U6 20 .503

80 .oi*5 30 .506

90 .051 uo .507

700 .096 1050 .508

10 .175 60 .510

20 C 271 70 .510

30 .355 80 .510

Uo • Ul6

=> 29“

White Oak Leaf"

(Quercus alba Lo)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance,, Obtained From Measurements Mads On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets )»

Run Number 7

Wave

Length

up, Rx Wave

Length

m(i

Rx

i+00 0o039 750 0. 1*1*0 10 .ola 60 .1*56

20 . 01*3 70 oi|62

30 .0i*l* 80 oii66

ho o 0i|I| 90 oij 69

l*5o .ol*5 800 .1*71

60 • 0i|6 10 .1*73

70 0 OU6 20 .1*71* 80 o0i*6 30 .1*77

90 .0i*6 Uo .1*78

5oo „0l*8 850 .1*79

10 .052 60 oii8l

20 0O66 70 .1*82

30 .082 80 .1*83

kO o090 90 oi|8ii

55o o093 900 oii85

60 .090 10 oi|86

70 .080 20 0 U86

80 o071 30 .1*85

90 0O66 Uo oii86

600 .063 950 0 U8U

10 .060 60 .1*82

20 .056 70 .1*78

30 .055 80 .1*78

hO o053 90 .1*78

650 .050 1000 .1*79

60 oOlj.6 10 .1*81

70 oOhh 20 0483

80 aOiili 30 .1*85

90 .01*8 1*0 oii86

700 0O88 1050 .1*87

10 .166 60 0U89

20 .261 70 .1*89

30 .31*8 80 .1*90

ho .1*05

Run Number 8

Wave

Length

up, Rx

Wave

Length

up. R\

1*00 0.025 750 0.1*38

10 .028 60 .1*71* 20 o029 70 .1*81* 30 o031 80 .1*90

Uo o032 90 oh9k

1*50 .031* 800 oii98

60 o035 10 .500

70 .036 20 .502

80 o037 30 . 501* 90 o039 Uo .507

500 .01*0 8?0 .508

10 .01*6 60 .510

20 .059 70 .512

30 »07ii 80 ol3

Uo .082 90 .511*

550 .08$ 900 .516

60 .082 10 .516

70 o073 20 .517

80 o 06U 30 .517

90 .059 Uo .517

600 .057 950 .515

10 . 051* 60 .512

20 .050 70 .510

30 . 01*9 80 .510

Uo . 01*7 90 .510

650 .01*1* 1000 .512

60 .01*2 10 o513

70 .01*0 20 .515

80 °039 30 .516

90 oOitii iiO .517

700 0 O88 1050 .519

10 .160 60 .519

20 .21*2 70 .519

30

1*0

.31*3

.1*51*

80 .519

Run Number 9

Wave

Length

up

Rx

Wave

Length

mp

R

x

1*00 0o037 750 0.1*38

10 o039 60 .1*57

20 .01*0 70 0 ii65

30 oOiil 80 .1*71

Uo .01*2 90 «ii76

1*50 .01*2 800 .1*79

60 .01*3 10 .1*82

70 .01*3 20 .1*85

80 .01*3 30 .1*87

90 oOUU 1*0 .1*89

500 .01*5 850 oii91

10 .051 60 .1*92

20 o06ii 70 °U9U

30 .079 80 .1*97

ho .086 90 .1*98

550 .089 900 .501

60 .os? 10 .503

70 .077 20 .503

80 .068 30 .505

90 .063 Uo .506

60c .061 95o o5oii

10 o057 60 .502

20 .051* 70 .501

30 .052 80 .503

ho o050 90 .505

650 o0ii6 1000 .507

60 o 0UU 10 .501

70 .ola 20 .503

80 .ola 30 .506

90 .01*9 1*0 .510

700 o093 1050 *512

10 o!73 60 .511*

20 .263 70 .512*

30 .31*9 80 .515

ho .1*06

-30

White Oak Leaf

(Quereus alba Lo

)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance, R^, Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets )o

Run Number 10

Wave

Length

nU

R

x

Wave

Length

1^ . R

x

UOO 0.038 750 0oU2U

10 .039 60 0UU6

20 •oUi 70 •U55

30 oOl42 8C .U61

Uo .0U3 90 .U6U

U50 • 0U3 800 e U68

60 «oUU 10 .U71

70 « oUU 20 .U7U

80 .oUU 30 .U?6

90 0 oUU Uo .U78

5oo 0OU6 850 .U80

10 .o5x 60 .U82

20 .06U 70 oU83

30 o077 80 .U85

Uo .085 90 .U87

5So .088 900 0U88

60 .086 10 .U89

70 .078 20 .U90

80 .069 30 .U89

90 . 06U Uo .U89

600 .062 950 .U87

10 .060 60 .U85

20 .056 70 .U82

30 .055 80 • U83

Uo .052 90 0U8U

65o .0U9 1000 «U8U

60 • 0U6 10 .U87

70 .0U3 20 .U87

80 .0U3 30 ,U88

90 .052 Uo .U90

700 olOO 1050 .U90

10 ol?l 60 .U91

20 .260 70 .U92

i y 30 .3U0 80 oU93

Uo .393

Run Number 11

Wave

Length Rx

Wave

Length R

x

Uoo 0.035 750 0.359

10 .038 60 .371

20 .039 70 .380

30 .0U0 80 .386

uo .0U1 90 .391

U5o .0U2 800 .395

60 .0U3 10 .Uoo

70 .0U3 20 .Uo5

80 .oU3 30 .U09

90 oOUU Uo „UiU

500 .oU5 850 .U17

10 .0U9 60 .U2X

20 .059 70 .U25

30 o072 80 .U30

Uo .080 90 .U33

550 .083 900 .U37

60 .081 1C 0UU1

70 .073 20 0 uuu

80 .065 30 0UU6

90 .060 Uo • UU8

600 .058 950 0UU8

10 .055 60 • UU8

20 .052 70 • UU7

30 .051 80 • UU7

Uo .050 90 .UU7

650 0 0l+6 1000 0UU8

60 .oU5 10 .U5o

70 .0U2 20 .U52

80 .0U1 30 .U52

90 .oU5 Uo .U52

700 o079 1050 .U52

10 .1U8 60 .U52

20 226 70 .U52

30 o292 80 .U52

Uo .336

Run Number 12

Wave

Length R

x

Wave

Length Rx

Uoo 0.0UX 750 0.223

10 .0U2 60 2Ul

20 • 0U3 70 • 25U

30 *> oUU 80 .266

UO .oUU 90 .277

U50 oOUU 800 .288

60 .oUU 10 .300

70 .oUU 20 .310

80 oOUU 30 .322

90 0 oUU Uc .332

500 .oUU 859 o3U2

10 .0U6 60 .35x

20 .0U9 70 .360

30 .o5x 80 .369

Uo .053 90 .378

550 .055 900 .386

60 .056 10 .393

70 .055 20 .399

80 .o5U 30 .U03

90 .053 Uo Uo8

600 .052 950 .Uio

10 .051 60 .Uxx

20 .05x 70 Un

30 .050 80 .UiU

Uo 0OU9 90 .UX7

650 .0U6 1000 .U20

60 • oU5 10 .U23

70 . 0U3 20 0U26

80 .0U3 30 .U29

90 .050 UO .U32

700 .083 X050 .U3U

10 .X26 60 .U37

20 •X60 70 • U37

30 .200 80 .U39

Uo ®209

“31-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.

)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^* Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets )»

Run Number 13

Wave

Length

iTVL R\

Wave

Length

nu

R\

1*00 0=038 750 0.187

10 <>039 60 .202

20 .01*0 70 .211*

30 .01*0 80 .228

1*0 .oi*o 90 .238

l*5o .01*0 800 .253

60 o 040 10 .261*

70 .01*1 20 .275

80 .oia 30 .287

90 .ola Uo .298

5oo .oia 850 o309

10 .01*2 60 .318

20 oOUU 70 .328

30 .01*5 80 <>337

Uo 0OU6 90 • 3UU

55o c047 900 .351*

6o .01*8 10 .363

70 .01*9 20 .369

80 .050 30 .371*

90 .050 1*0 *379

600 .050 950 .382

10 .050 60 o38U

20 .050 70 .3 87

30 .050 80 a 390

1*0 .01*9 90 .391*

650 .01*7 1000 <>399

60 .oi*5 10 . 1*03

70 .oUU 20 .1*07

80 <>oUU 30 .ia2

90 -=t 1

0 OA Uo .ia6

700 0O8U 1050 .ia9

10 .ns 60 .1*23

20 .11*2 70 .1*25

' E40

.161

.176

80 .1*28

Run Mimber lU

WaveLength

mu

R\

Wave

Length

_ n*i _ R\

1*00 0.032 750 0.135

10 .033 60 . 11*8

20 o03U 70 .158

30 .035 80 d66

Uo .036 90 .176

!*5o .036 800 .185

60 .038 10 .191*

70 .038 20 .202

80 .038 30 .210

90 .039 Uo .219

500 .039 850 .227

10 .01*0 60 <>235

20 .01*0 70 .21*0

30 .ola 80 .21*7

Uo .01*2 90 .255

550 .0U2 900 .262

60 .01*3 10 .268

70 oOUU 20 <>273

80 .01*5 30 *277

90 .01*6 UO .281

600 .0U6 950 ~=t CM CO 0 10 0OU6 60 .286

20 .01*7 70 .289

30 *049 80 .293

Uo • 01*9 90 .296

65o 0 OU8 1000 .300

60 0OU6 10 .301*

70 •ol*5 20 .308

80 .01*7 30 o313

90 .055 1*0 o31?

700 o0?0 1050 .320

10 .086 60 o323

20 olOl 70 .326

30 .113 80 <>330

1*0 .12U

Run Number 15

Wave

Length

rru r\

WaveLength

141 r\

Uoo 0.035 750 0.128

10 .037 60 .11*0

20 .038 70 .11*9

30 .039 80 .159

Uo 0O39 90 .170

l*5o 0O39 800 .179

60 .039 10 .189

70 .01*0 20 .198

80 .01*0 30 .207

90 .01*0 Uo .216

500 • 0-=*0 850 .223

10 .ola 60 .231

20 .01*2 70 .238

30 .01*2 80 .21*6

Uo .01*3 90 .253

550 .02*3 900 .262

60 .oUU 10 .268

70 .01*5 20 .275

80 0OU6 30 .280

90 0O46 Uo .281*

600 oOU? 950 .287

10 .01*7 60 .290

20 .01*8 ?o .295

30 .01*9 80 o297

1*0 .01*9 90 ©303

65o .01*9 1000 .30?

60 .01*8 10 .311

70 .01*7 20 .315

80 .01*9 30 .320

90 .056 Uo o323

700 .069 1050 .325

10 .081* 60 .329

20 .098 70 o330

30 .10? 80 .332

Uo oH9

32-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^5 Obtained From Measurements Mads On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of Tbs Original

Recording Sheets).

Run Number 16 Run Number 1? Run Number 18

Wave

Length

nu

Rx

Wave

Length

mp. Rx

Wavs

Length

mu

Rx Wave

Length

mu. R

x

WaveLength R

x

Wave

Length Rx

1*00 0.031 750 0.127 1*00 0.028 750 0.115 1*00 0.026 750 0.107

10 oQ33 60 .iia 10 .029 60 .128 10 .028 60 .120

20 =031* 70 .152 20 .030 70 .138 20 .029 70 .129

30 .036 80 .163 30 o031 80 .ii*8 30 .029 80 .138

40 .036 90 .171* UO .033 90 .159 Uo o030 90 .11*7

l*5o o037 800 .181* 1*50 -033 800 .169 l*5o o030 800 .156

6o .038 10 .191* 60 o03u 10 .179 60 .031 10 .165

70 .038 20 o203 70 .035 20 .189 70 .032 20 .171*

80 .039 30 .211* 80 .036 3C *197 80 .032 30 .183

90 o039 Uo o223 90 o037 Uo .206 90 • 033 UO .191

5oo o039 850 o232 500 .038 850 .215 500 o033 850 .198

10 .01*0 60 o239 10 .038 60 .221 10 .031* 60 .205

20 .01*0 70 o2U6 20 .QUO 70 .228 20 .035 70 .211

30 .ola 80 .251* 30 .01*0 80 .235 30 .035 80 .218

Uo .01*2 90 .262 Uo .ola 90 .21*1* Uo .036 90 .226

550 .01*2 900 .271 550 .ola 900 .252 550 .036 900 .236

6o .01*3 10 .280 60 .01*2 10 .260 60 .037 10 .21*1* 70 .01*1* 20 .286 70 .01*3 20 0 266 70 o039 20 .251

80 eOUU 30 .291 80 .oUU 30 .272 80 ®039 30 .257

90 .01*5 Uo o297 90 oOUU Uo .277 90 .ola Uo .261

600 .ol*5 950 .300 600 .01*5 950 .279 600 .0U1 95c .26U

10 .0U6 60 -303 10 .0U6 60 .283 10 .01*2 60 .267

20 .01*7 70 .306 20 .01*7 70 .285 20 .oUU 70 .270

30 .01*8 80 o310 30

,

.01*9 80 .289 30 .01*5 80 .273

Uo .01*8 90 .311* Uo .01*9 90 o293 Uo 0OU6 90 .277

650 .01*8 1000 o319 650 .01*9 1000 .298 65o oOU? 1000 .281

6c .01*7 10 .322 60 .01*9 10 .302 60 .01*8 10 .285

70 .01*7 20 .328 70 .01*9 20 .308 70 .0U8 20 .290

80 .01*9 30 o330 80 .051 30 .312 80 .051 30 .292

90 .056 Uo .331* 90 .058 Uo .311* 90 .056 UO .295

700 .067 1050 o337 700 0O66 10p0 <>317 700 o063 1050 .299

10 .080 60 0 3U0 10 .075 60 .321 10 .071 60 .300

20 o092 70 •3UU 20 .086 70 «323 20 .078 70 .301

30 olOli 80 o3UU 30 o09U 80 .326 30 .089 80 .301*

1*0 .116 1*0 .101* * Uo .098

-33“

White Oak Leaf

(Quercias alba L0 )

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^* Obtained Prom Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets),,

Run Number 19 Run Number 20 Run Number 21

Wavs

Length

mp. R

x

Wave

Length

rap Rx

Wave

Length

mp

Rx Wave

Length

mp

R

x

Wave

Length

up, Rx Wave

Length

up

R

x

too 0.027 750 0=116 1*00 0.025 750 0o097 1*00 0.026 750 0o099

10 o028 60 .128 10 .026 60 olOO 10 .025 60 • 102

20 .029 70 =138 20 .026 70 .109 20 .026 70 • 111

30 .030 80 .lt6 30 .027 80 •117 30 .026 80 • 120

Uo o030 90 .155 Uo .028 90 .126 Uo • 027 90 • 129

t50 .031 800 .l6t 1*50 .028 800 .136 1*50 o027 800 .139

60 .032 10 .174 60 .028 10 .11*5 60 .028 10 olU9

70 •032 20 .178 , 70 .028 20 .153 70 .028 20 •158

80 •032 30 ol90 80 .028 30 .162 80 o029 30 .167

90 o033 uo .198 90 .028 uo oiTl 90 o029 Uo .176

5oo o033 850 .205 500 .028 85o .178 500 o030 850 .181*

10 .03t 60 o210 10 .029 60 .183 10 o030 60 .191

20 .03t 70 . 2lt 20 o029 70 .189 20 o030 70 • 197

30 .035 80 o221 30 • 030 80 .196 30 o031 80 .201*

Uo .036 90 o229 Uo o031 90 .201* Uo o031 90 .211*

55o o037 900 .239 550 o031 900 .215 550 o032 900 .228

60 .038 10 -2U7 60 .032 10 .225 60 .033 10 .238

70 .oto 20 .251* 70 .033 20 o232 70 .031* 20 0 2L6

80 .01*1 30 .259 80 .03** 30 .238 80 .035 30 • 252

90 .01*2 Uo .263 90 .035 Uo .21*2 90 .036 Uo .256

600 .otu 950 .265 600 .036 950 .21*6 600 *037 950

10 .ot5 60 .267 10 o037 60 .21*8 10 o039 60 0, 20 0OU6 70 *270 20 .038 70 .251 20 oOUx 70

30 .ot9 80 o2?3 30 0 OU0 80 .255 30 .01*3 80 —

to .050 90 o277 UO .01*3 90 .258 Uo .01*5 90

650 .051 1000 .281 650 .oUU 1000 • 262 650 .01*8 1000 C3 60 .051* 10 .285 60 • 0U? 10 • 267 60 .051 10 - 70 o056 20 .289 70 .050 20 .270 70 .051* 20 -

80 .059 30 • 292 80 .053 30 .271* 80 .058 30 <= 90 0O6U Uo .296 90 .058 1*0 o277 90 .064 UO

700 o071 1050 .298 700 0 0

On 1050 .280 700 o010 1050 LJ 10 o0?9 60 „302 10 *071 60 .281* 10 .077 60 - 20 .087 70 .303 20 .078 70 .286 20 .085 70 - 30 o097 80 .305 30 .082 80 • 286 30 .085 80 - Uo .106 UO .090 1*0 o092

i

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba Lo)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance., R\5 Obtained F^om Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets) . Run Number 22 Run Number 23 Run Number 2k

Wave

Length

mp, Rx Wave

Length RX

Wave

Length

up. R\

Wave

Length

m

Rx

Wave

Length

rrp R

x

Wave

Length

np, R\

1*00 0o023 750 0.116 1*00 0.028 750 0.115 1*00 0.029 750 0.113

10 o02u 60 .121* 10 .030 60 .118 10 o030 60 •121

20 .025 70 ol33 20 .032 70 cl27 20 o031 70 ol30

30 .026 80 0 lll-L 30 o032 80 .136 30 .032 80 .138

1*0 .027 90 .11*9 Uo o033 90 .11*5 Uo o032 90 • 1U8

1*50 .028 800 .158 1*50 .033 800 .151* 1*50 o033 800 .157

60 .028 10 .168 60 .031* 10 .163 60 o033 10 .167

70 <>029 20 ol77 70 .031* 20 ol?2 70 °033 20 .176

80 o029 30 .185 80 .031* 30 .182 80 <>033 30 .181*

90 o029 ko ol92 90 .031* Uo ol90 90 .031* Uo ol92

5oo o030 85o .198 500 .035 850 .196 500 .031* 850 .198

10 o 030 60 • 203 10 .036 60 • 201 10 .035 60 .205

20 <>032 70 o207 20 .036 70 .206 20 .036 70 .211

30 o033 80 .212 30 o037 80 .213 30 .036 80 <>217

hO o033 90 .220 uo o037 90 .222 Uo .037 90 .227

550 .031* 900 .231 550 .038 900 .232 550 .038 900 o237

6o .035 10 .21*0 60 .01*0 10 .21*3 60 .038 10 . 21*7

70 .036 20 .21*5 70 . 01*0 20 .251 70 o039 20 .256

80 .038 30 .21*8 80 .ola 30 .256 80 .01*0 30 .262

90 .038 1*0 .250 90 .01*3 Uo .260 90 .ola 1*0 .267

600 0 0 0 950 CO 600 oOUU 950 .262 600 .02*2 950 .269

10 .01*1 60 - 10 . 0U6 60 .261* 10 .oUU 60 o 272

20 .01*3 70 - 20 0 OU8 70 .265 20 • 0U6 70 .271*

30 o 0u6 80 - 30 .050 80 o266 30 • 0U8 80 .278

ho .01*9 90 1*0 .051 90 .268 Uo .050 90 .281

650 .051 1000 65o .056 1000 .269 650 .052 1000

6o .051* 10 - 60 .059 10 o2?0 60 .055 10

70 .058 20 - 70 .061 20 o270 70 .058 20 -

80 .062 30 - 80 0O66 30 .265 80 .062 30 —

90 O 068 Uo - 90 <>072 Uo .257 90 .067 Uo -

700 .075 1050 700 .080 1050 .21*8 700 .071* 1050

10 .082 60 10 .087 60 o23? 10 .080 60 -

20 .090 70 20 .095 70 <>223 20 .088 70 -

, 30 <>097 80 30 • 099 80 .210 30 .096 80

1 ho .101* 1*0 .107 Uo oioU

*35°

>

White Oak Leaf

(Quereus alba L.)

KEPT WET

Spectral Directional Reflectance5 R^ Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets).

Run Number 25 Measured Leaf (Now Dried) Basking Leaf (Now Dried)

Wave Wave Wave Wave Wave

Length R^ Length R\ Length Rx Length R

x Length Rx Length R

x

rru np. 1nr

UOO 0.031 750 0.118 Uoo 0.052 750 0.255 Uoo 0.0U9 750 0.268

10 o032 60 <•129 10 .057 60 . 266 10 .057 60 .281

20 o033 70 .138 20 .061 70 o277 20 .061 70 .29U

30 o033 80 .1U7 30 o066 80 .288 30 o06u 80 .308

Uo o 034 90 .156 Uo 0 0 0 90 .299 UO .06? 90 .321

U5o -03U 800 .166 U5o .07U 800 • 311 U5o .070 800 • 33U

60 .035 10 • 17U 60 .078 10 .322 60 o 073 10 .3U8

70 .035 20 .185 70 .081 20 o332 70 .07U 20 .361

80 .035 30 ol93 80 .08U 30 • 3U3 80 .078 30 .372

90 .035 Uo .201 90 .087 Uo .353 90 .081 Uo .38U

5oo .035 85o .208 500 .090 850 .362 500 .08U 850 .395

10 .036 60 .213 10 o093 60 .371 10 .087 60 .UoU

20 .037 70 .217 20 .097 70 .378 20 .090 70 • UlU

30 .038 80 .22U 30 .100 80 .386 30 .09U 80 .U2U

hO .038 90 .233 uo .10U 90 .397 UO .098 90 -U35

55o -039 900 .2UU 550 .108 900 .Ul2 550 .101 900 .UU7

60 .0U0 10 .25U 60 .113 10 .U26 60 .106 10 0U6O

70 0OI4I 20 .262 70 .117 20 • U3 7 70 .uo 20 .U70

80 .0U2 30 .267 80 .121 30 0UU6 80 .115 30 «U80

90 • 0U3 Uo .271 90 .126 Uo .U55 90 .120 Uo .U89

600 .0U5 95o o273 600 .131 950 oU62 600 .125 950 0U96

10 .0U6 60 .276 10 .136 60 .U68 10 ;i29 60 .503

20 .oi*9 70 .277 20 olUl 70 .u?6 20 .135 70 .510

30 .050 80 .282 30 .1U6 80 .U82 30 .1U1 80 .516

Uo .052 90 .285 Uo .153 90 .U88 Uo .lU7 90 .521

650 .055 1000 .289 650 .158 1000 0U9U 650 .152 1000 .526

60 .058 10 .292 60 .166 10 •U99 60 .156 10 • 531

70 .061 20 .296 70 •17U 20 .503 70 .163 20 .536

80 .066 30 .301 80 .181 30 .509 80 .172 30 •5Ui

90 .071 Uo .305 90 ol90 Uo .51U 90 .183 Uo .5UU

700 .076 1050 o307 700 .200 1050 .521 700 .196 1050 .550

10 .08U 60 .312 10 .210 60 .5a 10 .210 60 .552

20 .091 70 .312 20 .221 70 .52U 20 .225 70 .557

30 olOl 80 .31U 30 .233 80 .528 30 ,2U0 80 .561

Uo .109 Uo • 2UU UO .25U

-36-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba Lo)

KEPT DRY

Spectral Directional Reflectance^, R^, Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets)

Run Number 1

TJ^T"

Length Rx

Wave

Length

iiOO o.oia 750 0.U82

10 .0)43 60 .500

20 .oU5 70 .512

30 .0U6 80 .516

l*o -0li7 90 .518

U5o .0I18 800 .522

60 • 0l*8 10 .523

70 • 0li9 20 .52U

80 • 01*9 30 .526

90 .050 Uo .528

5oo .051 850 .529

10 .058 60 *530

20 0 072 70 .531

30 .089 80 .532

Uo .097 90 .533

55o • 100 900 .53U

6o .096 10 .535

70 .085 20 •53.5

80 .07ii 30 .535

90 •o070 1*0 .535

600 .067 950 .53U

10 • 061* 60 .533

20 .060 70 .531

30 .058 80 .529

Uo .057 90 .530

65o .053 1000 .530

60 .050 10 .531

70 • 01*6 20 .532

80 •0i*6 30 .532

90 .052 Uo .533

700 o093 1050 .533

10 .17U 60 .533

20 .276 70 .532

30 -3714 80 .532

> Uo • 1*1*2

Run Number 2

Wave Wave

Length R^ Length R^

Uoo 0.0U2 750 O.U95

10 oOl*l* 60 .517

20 • 0l*6 70 .528

30 o0i*6 80 .532

1*0 • 01*8 90 .535

U5o .0U9 800 .537

60 .050 10 .539

70 .051 20 • 5Ui

80 .051 30 .5U2

90 .052 1*0 .51*1* 500 .05U 85o .51*6

10 .063 60 .5U6

20 .079 70 .5U7

30 .097 80 .5U8

1*0 .108 90 • 5U9

550 • 112 900 .550

60 •109 10 .552

70 .097 20 .552

80 • 086 30 .552

90 .081 1*0 .553

600 .078 950 .552

10 .07U 60 .551

20 .069 70 .551

30 .067 80 .551

1*0 .065 90 .550

650 .060 1000 .550

60 .056 10 .51(9

70 .051 20 .5U9

80 .050 30 .550

90 .057 1*0 .552

700 o099 1050 .552

10 .183 60 .552

20 .282 70 .552

30 .383 80 .552

1*0 .U53

Run Number 3

Wave

Length

up

Rx

Wave

Length

np

Rx

Uoo 0.01(1 750 0.U98

10 oOi*i* 60 .518

20 • Ql*6 70 .528

30 .0U8 80 .533

1*0 .0U9 90 .538

U5o o051 800 .539

60 .052 10 • 5U3

70 .053 20 .51*1* 80 .o5U 30 .5U6

90 .055 1*0 .5U8

500 .058 850 .5U9

10 .068 60 .550

20 .087 70 .552

30 .106 80 .552

Uo .115 90 .553

55o • 119 900 .555

60 .115 10 . 556

70 .loll 20 .558

80 •092 30 .557

90 .086 Uo .558

600 .081* 95o .558

10 .079 60 .558

20 . o?u 70 .557

30 • 072 80 <>556

1*0 .069 90 .556

650 .063 1000 .556

60 .059 10 .557

70 • 052 20 .558

80 .051 30 .558

90 .062 1*0 .559

?oo .liii 1050 .559

10 .200 6o „56o

20 .300 70 .559

30 .395 80 .559

Uo © 1*62
(
“37-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercias alba L.)

P KEPT DRY

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^* Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Ccpies Of The Original

Recording Sheets )•

Run Number U Run Number 5 Run Number 6

Wave

Length

mp

Wave

Length

nvL

Wave

Length

Wavs

Length

up, Rx

Wave

Length

HU

R

x

Wave

Length

n^i

R\

Uoo O.OUU 750 0.502 Uoo 0.01(6 750 0.U91 1(00 0.01(7 750 0.1(96

10 .01(8 60 • 519 10 .051 60 .507 10 .053 60 .511

20 .052 70 .528 20 .056 70 .516 20 .060 70 • 521

30 .055 80 •53U 30 .060 80 .522 30 .06U 80 .528

ho .057 90 . 5Uo Uo .063 90 .528 uo .067 90 .535

h$0 .060 800 • 5UU 1(50 oO66 800 •53li 1(50 .070 800 . 51a

60 .062 10 . 51(9 60 .068 10 •51(0 60 • 073 10 .51*6

70 0O6U 20 .553 70 .069 20 .51(3 70 .07k 20 .51(8

80 .065 30 .557 80 oO?0 30 .51(7 80 .076 30 .55U

90 *066 hO .562 90 o073 Uo .552 90 .078 Uo .559

5oo o072 850 .565 500 .078 850 .557 500 .08U 85o .563

10 .085 60 .569 10 .091 60 .561 10 • 097 60 .566

20 .106 70 .572 20 .ill 70 .561x 20 •117 70 .570

30 .12l( 80 • 57U 30 .128 80 • 568 30 •13U 80 •57U

Uo .13U 90 .578 1(0 .135 90 .570 Uo . 11(2 90 .577

55o .11(9 900 .581 550 .11(1 900 .573 550 .11(7 900 .581

60 •137 10 .582 60 .11(0 10 .576 60 .U7 10 • 583

70 .126 20 . 58U 70 oX30 20 .578 70 .13? 20 .585

80 .116 30 .586 80 ol20 30 .581 80 .128 30 .58?

90 •111 1(0 .588 90 .116 1(0 .583 90 • 12U Uo .590

600 .109 950 .589 600 .113 950 .585 600 •121 950 .591

10 .103 60 .591 10 •107 60 .588 10 0 115 60 .593

20 .097 70 .591 20 o!02 70 • 588 20 •no 70 •595

30 .096 80 .591 30 • 100 80 .590 30 .108 80 .596

hO .092 90 .591 Uo •097 90 .591 ko .10l( 90 .596

650 .085 1000 .591 650 o090 1000 .592 650 o097 1000 .596

60 .075 10 .591 60 .081 10 .595 60 .089 10 .600

70 .068 20 .592 70 * 07U 20 .595 70 .080 20 .600

80 .067 30 .593 80 •073 30 .596 80 .080 30 .602

90 o091 Uo • 593 90 o093 UO .598 90 .103 UO 06OU

700 • 177 1050 .593 700 •177 1050 .599 700 .185 1050 .605

10 .29U 60 .593 10 .286 60 .602 10 • 291 60 • 606

20 • 387 70 .593 20 .380 70 .602 20 .38? 70 .606

30 .1*50 80 .593 30 .1(39 80 .603 30 • UU-2 80 .607

hO oUbit- Uo .1(72 Uo .1(77

-38-

White Qak Leaf

(Quercus alba Lo)

| KEPT DEC

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^5 Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets).

Run Number 7

Wave

Length Rx

Wave

Length

nu

Rx

l*oo OoOUU 75o 0.1*83

10 .01*9 60 .1(99

20 .052* 70 .509

30 .058 80 .517

Uo .060 90 .522

1*50 .063 800 .528

60 oO66 10 • 532

70 • 066 20 .537

80 .068 30 .51*2

90 • 070 Uo -5U6

5oo .075 85o .552

10 « 088 6o .556

20 d07 70 .560

30 .121* 80 .561*

Uo .131 90 .567

55o .136 900 .570

60 .135 10 .572

70 .126 20 .571*

80 .118 30 .576

90 .113 Uo .579

600 .111 950 .580

10 .105 60 .583

20 olOO 70 .581*

30 .099 80 .585

Uo .095 90 .585

650 • 088 1000 .587

60 .079 10 • 588

70 .072 20 .590

80 .071 30 .591

90 .090 Uo .592

700 •16U 1050 .591*

10 .275 60 .595

20 .371 70 .595

30 .1*32 80 .596

Uo .U6U

Run Number 8

Wave

Length

HU

Rx

Wave

Length

HU

Rx

1*00 0.01*5 750 o.l*8o

10 .052 60 .2*97

20 .057 70 .507

30 .061 80 .512*

Uo 0O6U 90 .520

1*50 .068 800 .526

60 • 0?0 10 .532

70 • 071 20 .537

80 .073 30 .51*2

90 .075 UO .51*7

5oo .081 85o .552

10 .093 60 .557

20 • 111 70 .561

30 .127 80 •561*

Uo ol33 90 .568

55o *139 900 .572

60 .11*0 10 .571*

70 .131 20 .576

80 .121* 30 .579

90 • 119 Uo .582

600 .116 950 .581*

10 • 111 60 .586

20 .106 70 .588

30 .101* 80 .589

Uo .100 90 .589

650 .092 1000 .591

60 .083 10 .592

70 .076 20 .593

80 .076 30 .595

90 .100 Uo .597

700 .186 1050 .598

10 .288 60 .599

20 .375 70 .599

30 .1*29 80 .599

Uo .1*61

Run Number 5

Wave

Length Rx

Wave

Length Rx

1*00 0.01*1* 750 0OU7U

10 .050 60 .1*90

20 .055 70 .500

30 .058 80 .508

Uo .061 90 .515

2*50 0O6U 800 .520

60 .066 10 .526

70 .068 20 .531

80 .069 30 .536

90 .071 Uo .51*2

5oo .077 850 .51*7

10 .089 60 .552

20 .101 70 .555

30 •119 80 .560

uo .125 90 .563

550 .132 900 .567

60 .133 10 .570

70 .125 20 .5 72

80 .117 30 • 576

90 •113 Uo .578

600 .110 950 .581

10 •loU 60 .581*

20 •100 70 •58U

30 .099 80 .586

UO .091* 90 .588

650 .086 1000 .590

60 .078 10 • 591

70 .070 20 .592

80 .071 30 .593

90 o097 Uo • 596

700 .176 1050 .599

10 .285 60 • 599

20 .370 70 .599

30 .1*23 80 .599

Uo <>U5U

-39-

White Oak Leaf

I

(Quercus alba

KEPT DRY

L.)

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^* Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets).

Run Number 10

Wave

Length

mp. r

x

Wave

Length R

x

1*00 0.01*8 750 0.1*63

10 .057 60 .1*77

20 oQ6U 70 .1*90

30 .06? 80 .1*97

l*o .073 90 • 505

l*5o .077 800 .511

60 .079 10 .518

70 .080 20 .523

80 .082 30 .528

90 .086 Uo .536

5oo .092 85o .51*1

10 .101* 60 .51*6

20 .119 70 .51*9

30 .131 80 .553

Uo .136 90 .558

55o .11*2 900 .562

60 .11*3 10 .56U

70 .138 20 .568

80 .131 30 .570

90 .128 1*0 .573

600 .121* 95o .576

10 .120 60 .578

20 .115 70 .580

30 .ill* 80 .582

Uo .109 90 .581*

650 .101 1000 .586

60 o092 10 .587

70 .085 20 • 590

80 o08U 30 .590

90 .ni* Uo .591*

700 .192 1050 .595

10 .289 60 .598

20 .366 70 .598

I 30 .1*13 80 .600

f Uo .UU3

Run Number 11

Wave

Length

mp. Rx

Wave

Length R

x

1*00 0.01*8 75o 0.1*57

10 .056 60 .1*75

20 .06U 70 .U86

30 .070 80 .1*95

UO .071* 90 .502

1*50 *079 800 .508

60 .082 10 •5ll*

70 .081* 20 .520

80 .086 30 .525

90 .091 UO .531

5oo .098 850 .537

10 .in 60 .51*3

20 .126 70 .51*7

30 .137 80 .550

UO .11*2 90 .551*

55o .11*8 900 .558

6o .150 10 .561

70 .lUU 20 .561*

80 .137 30 .566

90 .133 1*0 .570

600 .130 95o • 573

10 .126 60 .571*

20 .122 70 .575

30 .120 80 .577

Uo .117 90 .578

650 .108 1000 .578

60 .101 10 •579

70 .091 20 .580

80 .088 30 .580

90 .113 Uo .580

700 .190 1050 .580

10 .285 60 .580

20 .357 70 .580

30 .1*08 80 .580

1*0 •UUo

Run Number 12

Wave

Length Rx

Wave

Length

m. Rx

1*00 0.050 75o 0.UU3

10 .060 60 .U6o

20 .068 70 .1*72

30 .071* 80 .1*82

Uo o079 90 .1*90

l*5o o08U 800 .1*97

60 .089 10 .503

70 <>090 20 .510

80 o093 30 .516

90 .098 1*0 .523

5oo .107 850 .529

10 .119 60 .533

20 .132 70 .539

30 .11*2 80 .51*3

Uo .11*7 90 .51*6

550 .152 900 .550

60 .153 10 .553

70 .11*8 20 .556

80 .11*3 30 .559

90 .11*0 1*0 .562

600 .137 950 o566

10 .133 60 .568

20 .129 70 .571

30 .127 80 .573

1*0 .123 90 .575

650 •111* 1000 .577

60 .106 10 .580

70 .098 20 .581

80 .097 30 • 581*

90 .121* Uo .586

700 .196 1050 .586

10 .283 60 .588

20 .351 70 .588

30 .391* 80 .590

1*0 .1*21*

-UoWhite Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba Lo

)

KEPT DRY

Spectral Directional Reflectance* R^* Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets).

Run Number 13 Run Mimber lU Run Number 15

Wave

Length

irp.

Wave

Length

mp. Rx

Wave

Length

mp.

Wave

Length

mu. R\

Wave

Length

mp

R\

Wave

Length Rx

1*00 0.052 750 0.1*35 1*00 0.055 750 0.U1U 1*00 0.057 750 o.39l*

10 .063 60 .1*52 10 .067 60 .1*37 10 .068 60 .1*13

20 .072 70 .U6U 20 .076 70 .1*51 20 o0?9 70 .1*28

30 .079 80 .1*71* 30 .082 80 .U62 30 .086 80 .1*38

UO .083 90 .1*82 Uo .087 90 .1*72 Uo .092 90 .1*50

l*5o .090 800 .1*91 1*50 .092 800 .1*80 1*50 • 097 800 .1*57

60 .093 10 .1*98 60 •097 10 .1*89 60 .102 10 .1*65

70 .091* 20 .501* 70 • 099 20 • 500 70 .101* 20 .1*72

80 .098 30 .511 80 .103 30 .503 80 .109 30 .1*79

90 d03 UO .516 90 .110 Uo .510 90 .115 Uo .U86

500 .112 85o .522 500 .118 850 .516 500 .123 850 .1*91* 10 .121* 60 .528 10 .129 60 .521 10 •133 60 .1*99

1 20 .136 70 .533 20 .11*1 70 .527 20 .11*3 70 .501*

f 30 .1^6 80 .537 30 .11*9 80 .531 30 .150 80 .509

uo .11*9 90 .51*0 uo .151* 90 .536 Uo .155 90 .513

55o .155 900 .51*5 550 .158 900 .539 550 .159 900 .517

60 .156 10 • 51*8 60 .160 10 .51*3 60 .162 10 .520

70 .152 20 .552 70 .157 20 .51*7 70 .159 20 .521*

80 .11*7 30 • 555 80 .151* 30 .550 80 .157 30 .527

90 olkh Uo .557 90 .151 UO .551* 90 .156 UO .530

600 .11*2 950 .561 600 .150 950 .557 600 .151* 950 .531*

10 .138 60 • 563 10 .11*7 60 .562 10 .152 60 .539

20 .131* 70 .567 20 oiUU 70 • 56U 20 .150 70 .51*3

30 .132 80 .570 30 •lUU 80 .568 30 .11*9 80 .51*7

uo .127 90 .573 UO .138 90 .572 Uo .11*5 90 .551

6$0 .119 1000 .576 650 .129 1000 .576 650 .136 1000 .551*

60 .110 10 .580 60 .120 10 .578 60 .128 10 .558

70 .101 20 .583 70 .112 20 .581* 70 .120 20 .563

80 .103 30 .585 80 .116 30 .587 80 .121* 30 .569

90 .130 Uo .590 90 .11*8 Uo .591 90 .151 UO .572

700 .200 1050 .593 700 .206 1050 .593 700 .201* 1050 .573

10 .275 60 .597 10 .268 60 .596 10 .260 60 .577

20 .31*0 70 .598 20 .322 70 • 598 20 •309 70 .579

30 .385 80 .599 30 .368 80 .601 30 .31*9 80 .580

| Uo .1*15 Uo .396 Uo .376
(

I

<
-laWhite Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.)

KEPT DRY

Spectral Directional Reflectance, R^ Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets).

Run Number 16

Wave

Length

iHi

Rx Wave

Length

mp

Rx

l*oo 0.056 75o 0.392

10 o 068 60 .i*ii

20 .077 70 .1*25

30 .085 80 .1*37

ho .090 90 .10*9

l*5o .096 800 .1*58

60 .100 10 .U66

70 .102 20 .1*73

80 .107 30 .1*80

90 .111* Uo •U88

5oo .122 850 .1*91*

10 .131 60 .1*99

20 .iia 70 .501*

30 .11*8 80 .511

Uo .153 90 .513

.158 900 .518

6o .160 10 • 521

70 .159 20 .526

80 .158 30 .529

90 .158 Uo .531*

600 .158 950 .537

10 .155 60 .51*2

20 •151* 70 • 51*6

30 .153 80 .550

Uo •1U8 90 .555

650 .11*0 1000 .560

6o .132 10 .563

70 .126 20 • 569

80 .132 30 .573

90 .163 Uo .576

700 .211 1050 .577

10 .260 6o .581

20 .307 70 .581

30 .31*6 80 .582

Uo o373

Run Number 1?

Wave

Length

mp

Wave

Length

up

Rx

1*00 o.o58 750 0.371*

10 .073 60 o392

20 .083 70 .1*05

30 • 091 80 .1*18

Uo .097 90 C\J co •

1*50 • 102 800 .1*37

60 .106 10 oUU5

70 ollO 20 .1*53

80 .111* 30 • U60

90 .120 Uo .1*67

5oo .127 85o .1*73

10 .136 60 .1*79

20 .11*1* 70 .1*86

30 .151 80 .1*90

Uo .156 90 .1*91* 55o .160 900 .1*98

60 .161* 10 .501

70 ol6U 20 .505

80 .165 30 .509

90 .166 Uo .513

600 .167 950 .518

10 .167 60 .521*

20 .166 70 .528

30 .16? 80 .535

UO .163 90 .51*0

65o .155 1000 .51*5

60 .1U8 10 .553

70 . 11*2 20 .558

80 .11*9 30 .562

90 .178 UO .565

700 • 220 1050 • 569

10 .261 60 .573

20 .302 70 •576

30 .331* 80 .576

Uo .357

Run Number 18

Wave

Length

up, _ Rx

Wave

Length

up

ax

1*00 0.058 750 0.363

10 •071 60 .379

20 .082 70 .392

30 .090 80 .1*01* Uo .097 90 oiau

1*50 ol02 800 .1*22

60 .107 10 .1*32

70 .111 20 .1*38

80 .116 30 •UUU

90 .121 UO .1*50

500 .127 85o .1*57

10 .135 60 .1*63

20 .11*2 70 .U69

30 .11*9 80 .1*73

Uo .155 90 .1*78

550 .161 900 .U82

60 .165 10 .1*86

70 .168 20 .1*90

80 .171 30 • U9U

90 .175 Uo .1*98

600 .179 950 .501*

10 .181 60 .510

20 .183 70 .515

30 .181* 80 .521

Uo .181* 90 .526

65o .179 1000 .531*

60 .173 10 .539

70 .169 20 .51*5

80 .177 30 .550

90 .208 UO .555

700 .238 1050 .560

10 .270 60 .561*

20 .300 70 .567

30 .323 80 .570

Uo .3U8

-112-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.

)

KEPT DRY

Special Directional Reflectance* R^* Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets)®

Run Number 19 Run Number 20 Run Number 21

Wave

Length R

x

Wave

Length

rrp R

x

Wave

Length

mp

Rx Wave

Length

mp

R

x

Wave

Length

. mp

Rx

Wave

Length

np, R

x

l*oo 0.059 750 0.393 1*00 0.055 750 0.1*15 1*00 0.058 750 0.1*20

10 o072 60 .1*09 10 .066 60 .1*31 10 .070 60 -a36

20 .082 70 .1*22 20 .071 70 .aa2 20 .082 70 .aa6

30 .092 80 .1*33 30 .083 80 *a5a 30 .091 80 .1*55

ao <>097 90 .aa3 ao .091 90 .a6a ao o097 90 .a63

l*5o .101* 800 .1*52 1*50 .096 800 .1*71 l*5o .101* 800 .1*70

60 .108 10 .1*61 60 .101 10 .1*80 60 .110 10 .1*76

70 .Hit 20 .1*67 70 .106 20 .1*87 70 .115 20 .asa

80 .119 30 .1*71* 80 .112 30 .1*93 80 .122 30 .1*89

90 .125 ao .1*80 90 .119 ao .1*99 90 .127 ao .1*95

5oo .132 850 .a86 500 .12? 850 .506 500 .131* 850 .501

10 .il*o 60 .1*92 10 .135 60 .510 10 .11*3 60 .5o6

1

20 .las 70 .1*97 20 .iaa 70 .515 20 .152 70 • 5ll

30 .156 80 .502 30 .153 80 .520 30 .163 80 • 515

ao .163 90 .505 ao .163 90 .522 ao ol73 90 .518

55o ol70 900 .509 550 .172 900 .526 550 .183 900 .522

60 .177 10 .512 60 .180 10 .530 60 ol93 10 .521*

70 .183 20 .517 70 .188 20 .533 70 .203 20 .528

80 .188 30 .520 80 .193 30 .536 80 .213 30 .532

90 .1914 ao .521* 90 .202 ao •539 90 .221* ao .535

600 .200 950 .528 600 .209 950 .51*3 600 .231* 950

10 .205 60 .532 10 .215 60 .51*7 10 .252 60 -

20 o209 70 .537 20 .221 70 .51*9 20 .260 70 - 30 o213 80 .51*2 30 .225 80 .552 30 .265 80 - ao .211* 90 .51*7 ao .227 90 .556 ao .26? 90 —

650 .210 1000 .551 650 .221* 1000 .558 650 .267 1000 «= 60 .206 10 .556 60 .220 10 .560 60 .267 10 - 70 «203 20 .557 70 .218 20 .561* 70 .268 20 “ 80 .211 30 .563 80 .222 30 .565 80 .278 30 - 90 .235 ao .567 90 .255 1*0 .566 90 .301* ao «*

700 .270 1050 .568 700 .291 1050 .568 700 .331 1050 — 10 .302 60 .573 10 o323 60 .571 10 .351* 60 -

20 ->332 70 .572 20 .353 70 .572 20 o373 70

30 .359 80 .572 30 .380 80 .573 30 .391* 80 - §

ilO .378 ao .1*00 ao .ao8
0

1

'

v
-U3-

White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L„

)

KEPT DRY

Spectral Directional Reflectance,, Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets).

Ran Number 22 > Run Number 23 Run Number 2i|

Wave

Length

up. R

x

Wave

Length

31 - - K\

Wave

Length

up. R

x

Wave

Length

rrp Rx

Wave

Length

up. Rx

Wave

Length

np. Rx

1*00 0.055 750 0. 1*1*9 1*00 0.056 750 0.1*55 1*00 0.058 750 0.1*62

10 .068 60 .1*70 10 .06? 60 0U68 10 .068 60 .1*72

20 .080 70 • U80 20 .078 70 .1*77 20 .078 70 .1*82

30 .089 80 0 U88 30 .086 80 0U86 30 0O86 80 .1*90

Uo .096 90 .U96 Uo .092 90 • l*9l* Uo .092 90 .1*97

*100 800 .503 l*5o .097 800 .502 1*50 .097 800 .506

6o ol07 10 .510 60 .101* 10 .509 60 .102 10 • 511

70 .112 20 .516 70 .108 20 .511* 70 <>107 20 .519

80 .118 30 .522 80 .111* 30 .519 80 .113 30 .523

90 .125 Uo .526 90 .120 Uo .525 90 .118 Uo .530

5oo d32 85o .531 500 .128 85o .531 500 .125 85o .531*

10 .11*2 60 .536 10 .135 60 .533 10 ol33 60 • 539

I

20 .151 70 .539 20 .1U6 70 .538 20 .11*3 70 .51*2

w

30 .163 80 .51*1 30 .157 80 .51*3 30 .151* 80 • 5U5

Uo .175 90 .51*2 Uo .169 90 .51*6 Uo ol65 90 .51*9

55o .187 900 .51*5 550 .181 900 .51*8 550 .178 900 .551*

60 .198 10 .51*5 60 .193 10 .550 60 .191 10 .555

70 o210 20 .51*5 70 .206 20 .552 70 .203 20 .559

80 • 223 30 .51*6 80 .219 30 .553 80 .216 30 .560

90 .236 Uo .51*6 90 .232 Uo .556 90 o230 UO o56U

600 .21*8 950 a. 600 .21*5 950 .556 600 o2UU 950 .565

10 .260 60 10 .257 60 .557 10 .257 60 • 566

20 ,272 70 - 20 .270 70 .555 20 o271 70 .567

30 .283 80 - 30 .281 80 .55U 30 .281* 80 .571

uo *290 90 — UO o290 90 .555 UO .291* 90 .572

650 o293 1000 _ 650 .295 1000 .552 650 .300 1000 <=> 60 .291* 10 == 60 .296 10 .550 60 .305 10 - 70 o297 20 - 70 .300 20 .51*9 70 .310 20 -

80 o3H 30 - 80 .311* 30 .533 80 .323 30 - 90 .337 Uo - 90 .31*0 Uo .528 90 »3U8 Uo —

700 .361* 1050 — 700 .367 1050 .512 700 • 371* 1050 - 10 .388 60 - 10 .391 6C .500 10 • 397 60 - 20 .1*07 70 - 20 .1*11 70 .1*91* 20 lil 8 70 r» _ 3° .1*27 80 - 30 .1*30 80 0U68 30 .U36 80 - 9 i*o .1*1*0 uo »uuu Uo .1*50
cc
-1*1*- White Oak Leaf

(Quercus alba L.

)

KEPT DRY

»Spectral Directional Reflectance^, R^ Obtained From Measurements Made On A General

Electric Recording Spectrophotometer (See Appendix A For Copies Of The Original

Recording Sheets

)

0 Run Number 25 Measured Leaf Backing Leaf

Wave

Length

mp

%

Wave

Length

rrp

Wave

Length

np

R

x

Wave

Length

Wave

Length

irp

Wave

Length

up

Rx

l+oo 0.061 750 0.1*58 1*00 0.057 750 O.U65 1*00 0.057 750 0.UU7

10 o 072 60 .U68 10 .068 60 .1*78 10 .076 60 • U6U

20 .081 70 .1*78 20 .078 70 .1*87 20 o093 70 • U8o

30 .088 80 0U86 30 .085 80 .1*95 30 .107 80 0U9U

Uo .095 90 oh9h hO .091 90 .506 Uo .116 90 .505

1*50 olOO 800 .501 1*50 • 097 800 .512 1*50 .121 800 .516

60 .105 10 .508 60 olOO 10 .519 60 .127 10 .526

70 ol09 20 .511* 70 .105 20 .525 70 .131 20 .531*

80 .115 30 .520 80 .110 30 .530 80 .136 30 .51*2

90 .121 hO <,526 90 .116 Uo .535 90 .11*3 Uo .51*7

5oo <,127 850 .531 500 .123 850 .5ia 500 .150 850 .551*

10 .135 60 .535 10 .130 60 .51*5 10 .159 60 .560

20 •1hh 70 .537 20 .11+0 70 .550 20 .168 70 .565

• 30 .156 80 .51*3 30 .150 80 .553 30 •177 80 .569

1*0 .168 90 .51*1* Uo .163 90 .556 uo .181* 90 .573

55o .180 900 .51*9 550 .178 900 .560 550 ol92 900 .578

60 193 10 .552 60 .188 10 .563 60 .198 10 .581

70 .205 20 .551* 70 .201 20 .565 70 0 201 20 .581*

80 .218 30 .557 80 .216 30 „568 80 .201* 30 .588

90 <,232 ho .561 90 .228 uo .572 90 .205 UO .592

600 o2i|6 950 .562 600 .21*5 950 .573 600 .207 950 .595

10 .260 60 .561* 10 .259 60 .576 10 .206 60 .598

20 .271* 70 .566 20 .272 70 .576 20 .206 70 .600

30 .287 80 .567 30 .285 80 .579 30 0 207 80 .602

liO <>297 90 .569 Uo • 297 90 .581 UO o203 90 .606

650 .301* 1000 .571 650 .301* 1000 .583 650 •193 1000 .609

60 .309 10 .573 60 .309 10 .585 60 .182 10 .610

70 .311* 20 .575 70 .315 20 .588 70 .171* 20 <,616

80 .328 30 .577 80 .328 30 .590 80 .181 30 .617

90 .352 ho .579 90 .351 Uo .591 90 .211* UO .621

700 .377 1050 • 581 700 .378 1050 .596 700 .263 1050 .625

10 .398 60 .581* 10 .1*00 60 .597 10 • 313 60 .627

20 .1*16 70 .585 20 .1*20 70 .598 20 .360 70 .628

30 .1*33 80 <,586 30 •UUo 80 „6oU 30 .395 80 .631* ^

Uo .1*1*7 1*0 .1*53 Uo .1*25
ft€
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants

and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the front cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project

or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

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which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($0.75), available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and

publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of

Standards, Washington 25, D. C.