X/ , \ ^ IV

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

6205

AN INTERIM REPORT ON BOILING TESTS

OF

INSULATIONS FOR UNDERGROUND HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

by

Selden D* Cole and Paul R, Aclienbach

to

Office of the Chief of Engineers

Bureau of Yards and Docks

Department of the Air Force

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL DUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions amt Activities

riio functioiis of tlie National Bureau of Slamiards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

'.i, 1*^01, as amended h) Congress in Public Law 6P), 1950. These inelude the development and

maintenance of the national staiuiards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making ineasurejnents <-onsislent with these standards; the determination of physiea* constants and properties of materials; the development of nu-tiiods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory serviees to Government Agencies on s<ientific and teehnical

[trohleins; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

<ievelo[)ment of standard practices, coiles, and six'cifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, deve!o[)tnent, engineering, instrumentalion, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. \ major portion of the ILirean's work is jH*rforme<!

for other Government Agencies, particidarl) the Department of Defen.se and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the. back cover.

Reports und Publications

I’he results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment an<l (h'viees or published papers and reports. Reports are i.ssued to the sponsoring ageney of a particular project

or program. Publishe<l papers appear cither in the Bureau’s own series of pidtiications or in the journals of professional and scientili<‘ societies. I'he Bureau itself publishe.s three monthi) pers- odi<als, available from the Government Priiuiitg Oflice: The Journal of Research, whi«h presents

ciunplete pap«‘rs reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presints

summar) and preliminar) reports on work in progress; and Basic Ratlin Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequem ies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. 'Phere are also five series of non|>eriodica! ptiblications: The Applied Mathematics

Senes, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials aiul Structures Repttrts, and Miiwudlaneons

Publications.

Information on the Btireau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards (SI.25) and its Supplement (#0.75), available from the SuperinInulenl of l^ocuments. Government Printing OOice, Washington 2.5. D. C.

ItKjuiries regarding the Bureau’s reports should be addressed to the Office of TecSmical Information, National Bureau nf Standards. Washington 25. D. C.
NATSONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS REPORT

HBS PROJECT s4Bl$ mPOSTt

1003-20-4881 6205

October 28 , 1958

AN INTERIM REPORT ON BOILING TESTS

OF

INSULATION FOR UNDERGROUND HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

by

Selden D. Cole and Paul R. Achenbach

Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Section

Building Technology Division

to

Office of the Chief of Engineers

Bureau of Yards and Docks

Department of the Air Force

IMPORTANT NOTICE

NATIONAL BUREAU Of

Intended for use within tl to additional evaluation ar listing of this Report, eith the OlHce of the Director,

however, by the Governme

tc reproduce additional cc

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

or progress accountkg docurr-entii

s forinaiiy published it is subjected

ing, reproductSoM; 0? oprn-iiteratufs

-mission Is obtaioed !n writing

C, Such permission Is not naeded,

ally prepared if that agency wishei)

NBS.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAi) OF SIiMDAilUS

AN INTERIM REPORT ON BOILING TESTS OF

INSULATION FOR UNBEROROUNB imT DISTRIBUTION STSTEHfJ

by

Selden Cole

and

Paul R* Achenbach

!•

^ Introductl<m

As part of a researeh program on the characteristics

required of Insulations to be used in \mdersround l^at dlstzd.bution systems« boiling tests were made of selected insul*

atlng materials that have been luied in this application. The

boiling test procedures follcrA-ed those incorporated in the

new specification of the Office of the Chief of Engineers

dated March 24, 1958, based cm tl» recoiamendatlona contained

in Federal Construction Council Technical Import 30, prepared by the Building Research -Advisory Board.

The test procedure requires that an 8-foot specimen of

the insulation be applied to a n(»nlnal 4-lnch pipe in a tanic,

submei^ed with water, and boiled for 72 hoiira by maintaining

125 paig steam pressure on the 4-inch pipe. After drying for

24 l^urs, the speclm^ is to be evaluated in terns of eccentricity, cracking^' rupturing, swelling, fraying, material

fallen from the pipe, and separation of the joints.

2. Specimens Tested

Five materials have been subjected to this boiling test;

Kaylo, Ihensobestos, Unibestoa, Foais-Sil, and Flberglas. Some

have been tested more than once and Flberglas has been tested

in blanket, loose fill, and pr^Bolded forms. Loose fill Piberglas has also been boiled for hours inside a clay tile conduit system. Some eagperlmentation has been conducted on methods

for covering the insulating material and for securing it on the

pipe. The specimens that have been tested are sOTaarized in

the following table.
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SPECIMEN IDENTIFICATION

SPECIMSW NAME THICaQIESa HOURS OP 3BOILING

1 Molded flbei^liAa, 1 in. 72

Standard

2 Kaylo 1 in* 72

3 Poan-Sil 3 in. 72

5

^ Xhlibestoa 1.5 in." 72

5 PlberslAQ-Ric-i/il 1*5 in. 72 + 72

6 Flbergla£i«l/4 meah^ 1.5 in. 72

looae fill

7 IheiBiobestaa 1.5 in. 72

8 ^folded fibergXaa, 1.5 in. M8 + 72

Tenmerature

9 Molded fibez^^a^ 1.5 in. 72

Low Teoqperature

10 Foaa->311 1.5 in. 72 -f 72

11 Ihemobestoa 1.5 in. 72 + 72

12 Plberglas-1/4 mesh. 1.5 in. 72

loose fill

13 PiberElas-16 mesh. 1.5 in. 72

loose fill

14 Kaylo 1.5 in. 72 A- 72

15 Molded fiberglaa. 1.5 in. 72 + 72

Standard

16 Fibez^glaa-StilL/ater« 1.7 in. min. 72

Con<Suit • loos« fill
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3* Dlgouajalcffi and Conclusions

!Ihe cc^iclxialons drai>m regarding the effect of boiling on

five types of Insulation# as Indicated by the results of the

testa# are aiaoiaarlzed below, follcmed by some general conclusions regarding the application of Insulations to undergrovmd

piping. HiGse conoliisions are based on the test moults sumlaarlmd In Section 4 of this report. *ShB results In successslve

testa of the sasie taaterlal were not always c<mslstent, Bius,

a more eooqprehenslve stud^ might lead to sorae modifications In

the ccmclx;t3lons • Effect of Bolling on Five *rype3 of Insulation

Kaylo: fhls Insulatlcm will probably withstand 72 hours or

more of boiling without falling off the pipe or being

cut into pieces if straps are used to secure it to tdie

pipe. Appreciable erosion occurs at the Joints in 3 to

§ days of boiling# such that a gap of an inch or more

may develop at the Joints,

Wieimobestos: This imulation appears to swell duardng

boiling# placing stra|»» under tension, light gage aluminum straps were sheax^ at the eye <m this material.

Longitudinal Joints tend to open a little d\irlng boiling# perhaps due to swelling# and a sll^t erosion

occurred at the Joints. In one test# none of the insulation fell off the pipe In 72 hoxxrs# when supported by

straps or wires. In a second test, three sections in

succession broke and each fell off within 72 hours^ using

straps for st^port in each case,

Unlbestos! Based cm the results of one test <mly# it

that this material will remain on the pipe for 72 hours#

under boiling condlticms# with appreciable spalling or

slou^iing off of the outer layers. The binder is

leacmd out, leaving the outer surface soft and cjongy

as contrasted to its hard character when new. There

appears to be no swelling of the material. It adheres

to the pipe after boiling.
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Paaffl-311{ The Foaza-Sll toaterlal Itaelf does not appear to be

affected by boiling water. There la vlrt\iaXly no erosion or other loss of siaterlal. The ceisient used to

seal the layers together in raanufaeture Is weakened

In 144 hovirs of boiling and so^ seotioas oouXd be

pulled apart by hand, although none caaie apart during

the 144-hour bolllnir: teat. It is a brittle, friable

material and can be cut by the supporting atmps if a

section becgaoea sllgl-^tly loose on the pipe and starts

to vibrate as a result of the boiling action. Binding

the material too ti^tly to the pipe my cause it to

crack when the pipe expands. This is a closed-cell

insulation which limits the access of water to the

steam pipe somev^hat under floo<led conditions.

Plbergisuss This material has been subjected to boiling vmter

under the folloirlng c<mditions and In the following

formas

a. Loose fill supported on a pipe with hardwai^ cloth.

b. Loose fill sufmorted on a pipe with hS-sicJsh wire

screen.

c. Loose fill in the CtlXlwater Clay Products conduit.

d. Molded thick supported by and wir^s.

e. Molded l-l/S*" thick supported by and wires.

f. Molded 1-1/2'' thick supported by 16-jae.ih screen,

g. Blanket wrap 1-1/2'' thick, Hlc-Wll, si^^fjorted by

plastic mesh.

In all forms of Piberglos, the boiling water causes a

leaching action in the glass fibers which weakens them and

causes them to bi^ak into short pieces. This action progresses

more rapidly near the pipe than at greater distances. At the

end of Jk hours of boillibs^ an appreciable amount of the material near the pipe to the naked eye to be pulverised

to a consistency of dust, but a microsaoplc examination shows

that it still has a fibrous character although there is a tangled apxjearance to the fibers, Sj^newhat farther out fi'oei the

pipe, the indlvidiaal fibers are covered with translucent blisters or even clustei^ of such blisters. The nature of these

blisters is not known unless it is the products of the leaching

action of water on the glass.
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Itje ©ffeetlvenesji of tho ciaterial as an Insulation does

not appear to be greatly redUiced by boiling as long as the Insulation resains cm the pipe in Its original thiekneas and without voids.

Prolonged boiling of the insulation in a tank appears to

progressively break vip the fibers and eventtially substantial

amounts of the material are lost by falling Into the bottota of

the tank, 15ie rate at which this loss ooeui^, aj^^ears to be

related to the unlfownlty of packing the fibers^ the density

of the pack, i^hcrther or not a binder us used, and the size of

openings In the covering laaterlal, Genertklly speaklr^, a factory-toade Insulation envelope ccmslstlng of ootapressed blankets

of Hberglas will not detezdoi-Bte as rapidly as loose fill

material applied to the pipe by hand, insiAlatlon, wrapped In

a 16-mesh plastic or metal screen, will not be lost a;s rapidly

aa the same material wrapped in 1/4-ineh hardware cloth,

Factory-B»de envelc^s mlng blarricet Ftberglaa insulation,

as made by the Mc-V/il Company, premolded Flberglas 1-1/2 inches

thick and wrapped with l6-mesh screen, and premolded Flbergias

1-1/2 inches thick, secured with steel bamis at l-fc«3t intervals, will all withstand 72 homm of boiling without appreciable

loss of material. Loose fill Fiberglas hand packed to a density of 7-X/2 pounds will suffer appr^lable loss in 72 hours

boiling wltn either iS-ineah or 1/4-Inch mesh wrapper, *318 factory-made blanJset envelope and the prodded enveloi^ wrapped

in wire mesh both suffer noticeable loss of material after boiling 144 hovtro whereas, a section of the prei^lded material,

supported by straps, fell off tl^ pipe during 144 hours of boiling,

Bolling loose fill Fibei^las insulation inside a clay tile

condiiit system of the type jruuaufactured by the Stillwater Clay

Products Company resulted In the loss of an appreciable amount

of taaterlal within 3 feet of the vent pipe at one end, and very

little loss in the reminder of the test specimen during a 72- hour boiling period, The vent pipes were attached to the conduit

at the top of the arch tile, The Insulation was paclced to a density of 5*5 Ib/cu ft.
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In a t^lcal inataXXation, such a iftculd pzx>bably be

vented traa the side bXooli;3 instead of at the top of the aroh«

i In thia case, the steam wouXd leave the inouXation cavity throu^^

the upper holes of each of the ventilated side blocks and the

i$ater level wotild be at about this same hei(^t» ^he presence

of a steam apace in the part of the arch tile would probably reduce the mechanical agitation within the Insulation as

compared to that when the ec»iduit ima coe^letely filled with

water* Ey using l6-aiesh screen over the openings in the aide

block, the loss of material at these openinga ec^d be reduced*

It l3 probable that a solid encloaur® for loose fill insulation,

3uoh aa that used in the clay tile system, would prevent loss of

fibrous material during a li>oillng period of 72 hours as effectively as a screen mesh wrapper in the boiling tank, if not more

so*

On the other hand, it Is also probable that prolonged boiling of Fiberglas insulati^ over a period of many days in a clay

tile system would seriously deteriorate the in«iUlation, so such

a system should not be used where frequent flooding, could occur.

Oemrai Conslusicms

Wire bands should not be used to secure insulation on pipes

uncferground*

Straps should m>t be rn.de of llg^t-i^e nsetal, Sspansion

of the insulation can cause the eyej^ to cut li^t-gage straps.

folded insulation ahouM fit the pipes srmgly. Loose sections of Insulation will often vibrate on the pipe during boiling and cause the straps to cut the insulation into pieces.

Brittle materials should not \>e so tightly that

pipe cxpansicm will put tension on the insulation.

Except for the cellular glass-^ the boiling water will cause

scsme eroslcm at the l<»igltudinal Joints and the butt Joints

between adjacent lengths It will also erode channels or holes

throo^i the body of flbrcsus insulations

Complete wrappers of wix^ mesh or suitable plastic mesh

(16-mesh or smaller) will probably minimize spalling and slou^-

Ing off of insulation on an landerground pipe more effectively

than straps luider boiling conditions*
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by^iisf t^::: qi.r;.>dv =

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. oftof 1i;>..noo .^nXxtod 'tutMi.i*
T-

][)oi.llng teste aa<ie thue far indicate that all five of

the aatenals tested v/ill probably deteriorate significantly

if boiling continues indefinitely. i>'oaai>»Sil was probably the

least affected by boiling, but tne fit of the material on the

pipe may detezmine the likelihood of cracking the insulation or

its tendency to vibrate on the pipe.

Sie deleterious effect of boiling water on most insulating

material ikm used for xmd^v&PQimd piping systems, as revealed

by theae teats, ea^toslzes the need for continuous effort to

design such syat^»a so they will function many years before

water gains access to the insulatlcm, no matter what the natiire

of the terrain^

Results

results observed during each boiling test are siamnarlaod

separately in this section^ Ihe siamazy identifies the material

and its dimensions, the method of application, the condition of

tile insulation at the conclusion of the boiling test, and one

or more photographs of each specimen^

"1'' ^hod ’

,:i 1
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.• • ••{SlX'CfJJ
BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSULATION

Specimen 1

Description of Material

Manufactxirers Owens-Coming Plfoerglas Company

Identification name or symbol: Pre-molded Flberglas PP> Standard

Binder used: Organic themosetting resin

Length of section: 3 ft

Thickness of insulation: 1 in.

Covering; Light cloth fabric

Pipe diameter: 4 in.

Method of Application

Method of fastening: 1st section - Four 3/^~in, straps,

1 ft apart

2nd section - Pour No. 12 copper ivires,

1 ft apart

Position of joints: 1st section - Joints vertical

2nd section - Joints horizontal

Covering used: Light cloth fabric

Other features: Fourth strap on 1st section covered lapped

fabric at joint bet'ween sections
WGITAvIUtKI ^0

1 3 t£S! -

' x Q HO I 0 C;3<i

' '

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t ...j_ jIodi^T^a *10 ncl-'^Bcrj.lcJnsi^I

rjias't 3nx^;^aGe';.'i&rl;t oinfc.3*T0 :b^s;L; •xi‘'i:i(I

,% „ £ 3 (i^l-:^Ob 3 lo

'">^1 X,‘ xficX^AiI;j3ni 'io bacn’T^cirfl'

^ ' - oX'idisl il^tolo i^ni‘L3VoO

.ni 4i ri5?ct®Uji5xfo 9qX*l

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cf'XXiqa. ‘. I

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ancXXosa n©wvi';?bsX c^nXot,

'X >
2-

Test Results

Amount fallen from pipe: Top half of lat section fell off.

Bottom half dropped down and resting

on straps. 2nd section intact.

Eccentricity: None on 2nd section

Separation at joints: None on 2nd section

Cracks and ruptures: None on 2nd section

Fraying: None

Swelling: Slight swelling on 2nd section

Erosions Some erosion on- interior surface and at Joints

Other damage: None

Moisture retention: Not measured

Percent

Reference to photographs: Fig 1 shovm initial appearance; right

specimen.

Fig 3 shows 1st section gone after

72 hours; right specimen.

Swelled appearance of 2nd section is

primarily the sti'’etched fabric ccA^ering.

i

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if jfioonwi'J

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^inlnos/co ol'jclxl boffod^nla erio' ^jilnxmlnq

9
Figure 3

BOILING TEST OF PIPE INSULATION

Specimen 2

Description of Material

Manufacturer: Owens-Coming Fiberglas Company

Identification name or symbol; Kaylo - Pre-molded calcium

silicate and asbestos fibers

Binder used: Calcium silicate

Length of section: 3 ft

Thickness of insulation: 1 In.

Coverings Light cloth fabric

Pipe diameters 4 In.

Method of Application

Method of fastening* 1st section - Four ;V4-in. straps, 1 ft apart

2nd section - Four No. 12 copper wires,

1 ft apart

Position of Joints: 1st section - joints vertical

2nd section - joints horizontal

Covering used* Li^t cloth fabric

Other features; Fourth strap on 1st section covered lapped

fabric at joint between sections
aOmJU£.HI «0 TSST BHUIOa

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M^evoo fioXdooe daX no qanja ilrtoo? i8««J»ot iB.-ldO
Test Results

Amount fallen from pipe: Parts of 2nd section. See Fig 3i

left specimen. 1st section intact.

Eccentricity: None.

Separation at Joints: None

Cracks and ruptures: Insulation cut ty wires on 2nd section

and broken into pieces. Top half of 2nd

section dislocated. See Fig 3| left

specimen.

Fraying: None

Swelling: None

Erosion: Some erosion at Joints

Other damage: Cloth fabric tom on 2nd section

Moisture retention: Not measured

Percent

Reference to photographs: Fig 1 shows initial appearance]

left specimen.

Fig 3 shows nzpture of 2nd section as

it appeared after 72 hr of boiling;

left specimen.
a;irXtJe^ ';^aaT

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6» noX.5o^a b»tS- lUix- ®n:st&*qy^ ewoils £ aJt^'

^gtiXXXQCf 'io- •’id-'ST ^£^2&»qq-S vX
BOXIBIO TJS.3T 09 JPIPE BiSULATIOK

Speclsmn 3

Ijgiaoription of FSatferl&l

Manufactuj^rs ?itt» ur^ Coming Coinpany

Xdmtlfioation lumtie or cXoa&d

call liaaa foam.

u»«4i tele, aatoxial* Smh piece vm!l& of two

amexitud to^c^ttier lojigitudlaally.

l^f%th of oeotionj 17 iJ^«

Ihickneai} of insulations 3 !«•

Covexing1 Kone

fipe 41a»et&rt 4 in,

MethCHi of A^lication

Method of .fastening's 1st tiiid sectiana 3/%-ixi. stj^p«^,

g in, from etidc,

3r*d aeetioa - One strap and one wire,

2: in, frora «nc5®.

i^th and 5th seetions - ISo. l2 oopper

wires, 2 in, frm ends,

foaltion of joints s lot, 3x^, 5th sections - jalnte vertical

2nd, 4th sections - Jaiate horizontal

Covering needs ?ione

Other featuress Hone
mM^ ££m

,^WH !t«>«w

'’'" fMMmmP m9%0^ te,

,i3Jt ti cnd;f9««i It# fftl^i ,

.ip!l f to '

-.. k, . . fi.,

• " <r ^if I

: “ »«Oii 2

ft '

„ ^(ii $

^ '%Q -


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Xiio4jm'# :*^-tisiot - ^y$f tei^ciot to aoUJU^^ "^SPMSSK tk99t(
ftat .HeaiaXta

fimowat fallen from plpe» Hone

Boci^ntx iclt^^t 4th aeotion cut ty wim banda. hm&r h^lr

. dix>ppe^ alitistly ^laok In wl«?o,

S«p4*mtloa at Joints t Hone

Crao.k3 and m^tujp^as Vibration of fourth aeotion oaused wix^ea.

to eat Into imul^tim, hut it not

aovorod. See Fis 4j left spaci^aan.

Fraying f Hone

Sis?ellingf Hori©

Erosions l^gli^ifele

Other t Wone

^ist'ure retentions mea^tured. l%n-^hye;ro3sopie mfcerlui.

Eer’cent

Referenoe to |;*iotosraphs? Fig i shows initial

left specimen.

Fig: 4 shows ai^earance after 7c hr

boiling,. Dialocation of 4th aeetion

fr?^ cutting by wires shown In left

specimen.
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Figure 2
II J 1
BOmiWO f OP PIPE lilSULATlQH

4

P^gcriptlon ot BSaterlal

SIftnufactursrt Tfeiion AsbeiJtos m%4. Qow^wsxy

-Sfr-Th-SE^"'*'

' ~ . a Identification n^e or aysaloli llalbestoa. Pre--mold#<! aabeetos

;

- flfeer^

Binder ttaedi ,s Blileate

Xiength ef seetlom 3 ft

%lektieaa of ina^lallant 1 1/2

Covering;; I 5{one» Exterior sade quite hard with

binder material.

Pipe diaaeters 4 in.

i; :'5 0M- :. of Heation

Ifethod of faatetULn^i let section - Pour 3/t-tn. atrapeft apart

section - Pm-tr 12 e<3^er %flro6,

1 ft apart

Foelticm of ^olnta> let section - Jolnta isorlsiontal r and eeetlon -* Jolinte vertical " i Other feattireat Ho'r^
^

tjjit c^xiios

^ iS9fBlll^£

Ts»^i4iM imt ^otwd»A ncJjjff ii9Vti^9Ati>'a0$t

iXo<iflWl* ”io wtuut ftc?t3>4ial1tK»®fcI

.rx*44ft

^

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rt.fXs# i3« «ii »»*lnwni ^clrx»i»I •»«iaH lanliidvdO

»£il: ^ sn«>;>iMnbX£;

.v;^

^

i ^«5l*4\£ SmJ. t^tit09$%Bl\ *IO b<JffitdW

^

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a^PtiJt^it - fKl^i>d8 ^«l£ Id uoWldot

aviitjtoi • mJL4&m9

<MXCV
:} A> ' V ‘ •. •

. •V

Affiount fallen fr*a«a plp^s Blon«

' S«pimitioa m ''

'^S'c-j-r is ' . ‘,:€m>eka «n4

Fapayliigj SXli^t

^ Sif«l llrig * H<igllgil5 X®

': Ab0iit 1/k m? smfcerlal ms iTm »at#r a>urfaee

t<i|> iisai* l»tf nmtXmrn $m Ft^ 4, isp<s<5iisen.

BXss^le-r 0-f Siarfati#

ai^r^elistbl^ aoftemd,

4>.T ^^--

’ piidto^mplisi: FXg. ^ atesr# InJUsliii

lorn 5»f-mt;e3PlAX ;>a top

<ft Xi$t B0Ctian$ id^gfet speeiiaen in

Co^Bi»ritst 'B&tM 4iiv^x*e4 to pljm at the end of

the te^t. 4;a^m|5#jp had to ^.>e to lo-om^ the

ins^silation
^ i’-

^'M

td(4l<i sm."^ H!»XIiikl $mas^

«ftQH ift fillet

. miltM feix* tii^jsnO

y-

•X,'

;" -

^ ;' - iS -

:f^t- aXdJfc^iXiifW ,, ,,

Sisa^««e <*'9i»»<c aKTS J^oX ia» •£«*T*<»I« Itt>\t

94C ,> 4J.W «»» .tttsfcSoi^ #ax Jo -illrf qe4;‘J*

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-r-‘ ^'V-. :,
BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSULATION

’jv- f‘I ^ Mamifactureri

Specimen 5

1 V?’ . 'i jj' Description of Material

it’Ric-Wll « Seotional Plberglas Pipe Insulation

Identification nasie or symbols * Blanket Flberslas as used

Binder useds Fiberglaa oiled treatment only

^ Length of "sectloiu . 2 ft with overlapping screen joints

Thickness of insulations 1-1/^ inches - 7-1/2 lbs density

Covering; 14 x 16 mesh fiberglas strands plastic coated

Pipe diameter: 4 in*

Method ^ of Application

Method of fastenings Prepared sections slipped on pipe

Position of joints: MLy butt joints in this construction

Covering used: Flberglas screen held with metal staples*

Other features; 2 in, lap of covering at butt joints.
TO issse oiauioa

fllKSlO<K|S^

f{oi^£#«fiX XJtw-dJH

. ^-.

" *5 ^ mm siQli!Mi>ltJti^»Mi

«X4kW^€fc£?i ’'^11^ ./v . ^

^IiK> $mm$is>9^^ iMllo . tbmu rti^baJtS

e^aX&t 3At<2q^ic«vc iWlw 41 $ irfbX4iWMi 1© ti$^flik

^4X«ii»afc' s<#l S\^»T « s«ifaflX $\|I^ jiiot4&Xi#«eJt to

^tmm^

^

'' CS -V'^'

* ^ iS

oqilj m lK0«Jl^E©1Ct.^*^«3«iln©4a^ 1© £3«««4©«

m

ttcMmmmm^ i,a ii4«t«Nt 4^ tXj^ inmtoi i© noin»en

,.a#Xq-is.4e i4^4©« ib^mi ^n-t^evoo"

i*a*i©W »sa s ii»€Kiw4#i^ %tam>

^!ai!i|i.. A..,, ,i« '« ,;4;

'.!*/' 'L. •. /A/<
Teat Reaultd

Amount fallen from pipe; Slight loss after 72 hr.

Eccentricityt Slight

Separation at joints: None after 72 hra - open after 144

Cracks and ruptures: None after 72 hrs.

Fraying: None

Swelling: None after 72 hrs.

Erosion: Sli^t after 72 hra^

Other damage: Plastic coverlns brittle after 144 hrs.

Moisture retention (percent): l>ry

Reference to i^tographs: Fig 5 - after 72 hrs boiling

Fig 6 - buttjoint uncovered to show

negligible loss of wool

Fig 7 « after 144 hrs boiling shows

oonie loss of Fibex^las wool
ui aacX x^qkq agmJ a»llAl SaJJomA^

•- -,.lff^/ , . •.{ ''<5 ^

'ii ^iIbIIb tx^xpin^flpoda

r**'. mx *zp^d fli»^ srui sT ^^41« podK ts^oXot odiiS^tA^sE

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mso» x;iam9«ie

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^p^i'-eXddJttK'd ‘x©ri40

^ f<sso I ( in^mmq) ^ nolcMipM sfucdeXoN

adXiod sfMl iV *J»;f5E4» - g

iiiilt|«PS3o;toilq o$ eoAP^plpK

•yfOlIe OiJ tma-tfPPim o .3^ . Xocti lo

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Xod4 ‘io «a©X «d»«’

mi^t.

"'v.ftl ti^'-

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^ *

MMWWi^-'jt^

nHiSBUki ? if iii :\ f

Figure 6


^ •
BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSULATION

Specimen 6

Deacription of Material

Owena-Comlng Flberglae Company

Identification name or aymbols Loose-fill PiLerglaa

Binder used* None

Length of section

t

Thicki^ss of insulaticms 1*5 in*

Coveringi 3/4 in# mesh galvanized hardware cloth used to retain

loose fill insulation on pipe

Pipe diameter( 4 in*

?4ethod of Application

Method of fastening; A weired easount of loose fill Plberglas was

spread as evenly as possible on a flat piece

of 1/4 in* mesh hardware cloth and held in

place with big stitches of cotton string.

See Fig 8 and 9« Even though the insulation

was spread as evenly as possible, there was

an appeamnce of clisaps in the layer and

probable variations in density. The width

of the mesh wrapi>er and the amount of insulation

used was such that the insulation would be coiapressed to a density of 7^L/cu ft and a thickness of l-l/£ in. when wmpped around the pipe

with the wire mesh overlapping one inch at the

edges* The wire mesh v/rax^r was held in place

with 3/4 in. bands spaced l£ in, apart.
tsset muim

d nw8io9<^

lo not^<Ut*i06g<I

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enoM ibeu/ *s«batS

**S*.*7 ifioXio9« lo AS^md

•oJt ^*1 lo 66d€|}l0tlfr

5jX 3^®=? oi f>^so A^oXxt ^mtyuid ri«®« *at 4^\£ S5i«^«vo0

aqJtq no noi^mX^eol till oaooX

,flX #qll

iiol^isolXctgA lo

um* IXXl oeooX lo $mom A j^Xao^aal lo todMl

9o#1q. & fjo m %Xmv« sA o£0%q&

fit foXsrf bm d$oiti Aam *«X 4\X lo

fioi^too lo 4;a«fc>;^X^s lilXw «Oi&Xq

ifsvS *C? I)m 8 al^ ®«8

sjsvi STLsiXt ^»X<IX««ioq 6« i^Xiiftve feAafltqe «nw

sd;l i0i «tqESi/Xo lo »o£im&@q^& fm

siibXM ftff? flX efioi;»£Xnfiv 9ldsd&iq

^j&ljijitl lo iisyoiss

^

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os M S?Xj&?ow nol^ali/^ orfi? liow^ a*w Ijowr

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Mq ni Sxl3^d Hum mlv

^

*BO^

.oi iX b9^&qs eXm&d ,nl ¥\t

mm^
-2-

Teat Results

Aaount fallen from pipes About 30 percent a® welfhed dry before

and after boiling

Other dainages 4 in. pipe exposed in many placea aa voids appeared

^ in an irregular pattern in the insulation

Reference to photographs t Fig Q, left specimen^ shows appearance

after 72 boiling

Pig 9 shows close«iq;> view of voids in the

insulation
min

SBifl

^t> ea ctf!«cfiaq Of itoCHiA t9qlq rnsn^t m£M simM ^£Zo4 l^r OTJOW

sbicv sa mml^ tam M ^ OQl4iilt*ani «S ill ofi ai -^^

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ii .'- «

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,-w %M •<^iy£«SSiSsl> «. S!j>^'

?^'.tsf uidkd

'V :' M

, '., .. . Vf..
Figure 8

I

BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSULATION

Specimen 7

' I. • Description of Flaterlal

Manufacturer: Johns-?%nville

Identification name or ayiabolx Ihexwobestos

Binder uaedj ^ A calciiai alllcate product with asbestos fibers

liength of section: 36 In,

Thlclmess of Insiilation: 1*1/2

Coveringt None

Pipe aiameter; 4 in.

r^ethod of Application

Method of fastening: 1st section * 4 straps

2nd section • #12 copper iflre

3rd section * strapped

Position of Joints: 1st section * Joints horizontal

2nd section * Joints vertical

3rd section * Joints horizontal

Covering used: None

Othea:* features: 3rd section * was about 15 in. long.
i«)iT/.jroaia ho Tear onuio®

lo noX^Ql«K9agC

9XIlvoan»endoL t<Ti€rujioB*liituM

aode»dosn»cfr :I<xfaxe *so wuui rxotiA^VllSambl

cfi&dVi 4>o^ee<fa« if;fXw SojJinyiq 0S*olUta mulolso A *x»l}iiia

^ *ot dC tnol^o^a lo

S\£*l taolSMluBiU lo aaocDloiifr

soon t3aX*x9VoO

•ill A s*X9^«u»lfe 9qll

noX^aolXggA lo bofi^oM

. sqjaft;fa $ ooi^ooa ^eX j anln*;?aal lo bod^eK

mtv T.9qqpo SX^ aoltooa bus

l>«»q<2a^^a •» nol^ooa Mt

Ii»^nosX?od e^nloL «• £fol^9oa ;^aX sadotot lo iiol^Xaol

lsiot^9'^ a^oiol^ » nol^ooa tflS

Ia^£toai«iOfi a^nloL * nol^ooe M£

onoH tJbsai/ 3oX*ioifo9

, 3itoI .ill ex iwods sisw - fiol;rooa £«£ taoii/iaol lod^
' 2-

Te>it Esjuita

Amount fallen from pipes

£coentricity; None

Sepamtion at Jointes Slight, except short piece which ojpened

lip so that pipe was exposed.

Cracks and raptures: None

Frayit^s None

Swellings None

^,E^aions Slight outside edge of all 4olnts

Other damages Wire cut into insulation a distance equal to its

diameter in some places

Reference to photogmi^i Fig 3, right specimen, shows a^?peaimice

after 72 hrs boiling. Note sli^t

aepa3?atlon of longitudinal joint and

^ -5 V. 0 slight embedment of wire at farther end

of the middle section
jseT

^ ..

• --%i ttnoM teqlq cocytl aslta^ ^twomk

9aoHi z^ilotiSOBOdii

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^ ^ . --* m-k ^-: b-m^, ^ •290g ' I btia c3fi»JK0

^nl- ^, - t sfloK 9^1JL£^

IXa 1g e3l>» dMd;lvo $ilsJLl& (noleovH

At u;fl oil i£^p& -^oaaiaJtts a {folHAluoal o;Uit 9Zi:W^' t«3£Bift6

aooAlq dffioa tU ^9;foaaUb

^irfoifca »^aQmli>9qA 4sj»Jfc«"*8 ^i£iii|jfxao^oifq «;:>iurzelefl

;^i^JLXe ^a^iUicKf is5a 3T *x»?5ji

ikXMrlin lo

'. i

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im.

*i? r.)--: „..-i ,

‘^i «

i

•t ,,
BOILINQ TEST OF PIPE INSULATION

Specimen 8

Deecrlptlon of I'latterlal

H&nufacturers Owens-Coming Fibex^las

Identification name or symbols PrefozeMid 1.3 In. Flbei^las

(low temperature)

Binder usedi Ox^ganic themoi;;^ettlng resin

Lengtti of section* 7 ft - 1 In.

Thickness of insiilation* 1.3 in.

Coveringi Vapor barrier paper r«aaioved from original product. l6-ia0 sh

^ivanized screen wrapper applied in the laboratory.

Pipe diameters 4 in.

iHethod of Am?llcatlon

Method of fsUtenlng: 16 mesh galvanized wire fastened every 2 in,

at the longitudinal Joint with #22 copper wire

Position of Joints* 1st section - Joints horizontal

2nd section - Joints vertical

3rd section - Joints horizontal

Other features s Wire mesh wrapper in one piece with 1 in. Ifi^pped

seam*
ttorfiuvm ^

test OKXOioa

lo tfibl;»<iJbT»qta - * :

^X(no0»6(f9iM0 r%mJ^^Munst^

.M ^*X iXodte(4 *so ima nol$i^oX1UL^mbI

%ioX)

«la« ^fitf$estin9dS^^ olrutsptO^tb^aa tbbtUS.

,0l X « T txiol;t»ee to~

»Ai uiol:tjaIi78fti lo esanstoiitr

ssas-dX XaciX^i^^ fscn^ bavoim ‘taJteM ^oatflT t30Jb*t«voO

lU ‘SQ<^3*apxi« mtn^a bsalna^x^ " V. _ . «;>ii jt'- 'it ; ^-<f'‘iS. -’”'

^<3 * ri9a»m»U> ^n

«nl & iteoa hi t^solna^uMtX %9 bcd&aM

^£l'^ %^qjC$no rt^lv yM<$t X^&fcib&^la^saC atft

l^aos^Qd ^italot «• i&l tatsUot lo aol^Xae^

Xaajttxav s^aio'L •» ix)Jt;^o»a bnSi

l&'jtfiouJnoii QixnloXt « nuttoma M£

«ni X dCMiXq aao nl ^^qRjnw ffeda 9%iW laarurtml^ tsuM

riC’X*

t:-^^ %-

;.tXgg£ii ^0 bottiaH

<3.t
Teat Reaults

fmyxmt fallen from pipe: None

Eccentricity: None

Separation at jointa: ali^tly at butt joints after 120 hrs.

Cracks and rigstureai N<^ after 48 hm.

Fraying: None after 48 hrs,

StsTellingi None

Brosicm: None after 48 hrs, Sli^t erosion at buttjoints after

120 hrs.

Other damage: No daniage that could be observed after 72 hi^. Es:cept

for the slight erosion at the joints and the usual

embrlttl^oent of the glass fibers, this specimen was

in good condition after 120 hrs of balling.

Moisture retention (percent): Not measured

Reference to photograpdis: Fig 10 is a vl^ of the specimen after

120 hrs of boiling.
ailtiem ist/t

woW i«<liq BKnt aalUt imma/i

,snit OsU **«:,*• xiaifeii* 1|^ « tnismiis&

. <i,aTii 8^ *s#4^ 9oe|{ i»iia «jt(Mnc3

81^ WflA «£«0M , $3111^^9

swaot^ i» asa««»«^ w**|,in(4^«a

iUi£r&i^ ad^ e«*4i ai# iWSi:&s«© ^N%iX«aSrKot ^

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lb -mii Q^L-amnM mttJUtmb btm <*x

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4».

.rre-' fW I S ^1^ s , arfqiwiao^ortq otf ^omnalaft

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Figure 10

BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSULATIWI

Speclnen 9

' Description of Material

Manufacturer: Owena-Comlng Plbcrglas Ccanpany

Identification naroe or symbols Prefomed 1,5 In. Ptberglas

, , (Xow temperature)

Binder used: Organic thermosetting; resin

Length of section; 3 i't

^Thickness of ^ insulation; 1«5 in«

' Coverings^^ None .. .. , v - ; v Pipe diai&eter: 4 in, ?

Method of Application

Method of fastening: 1st section 4-3/4 in. ©ttaps

2nd section - 4-#lS copper wire

3rd section - 2*^12 coj^r wire

Position of Joints; 1st section - Joints vea?tical

2nd section 1" Joints horizontal

3rd section - 45*
hoitp^txa atl^ T83T OMULIOa

m

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| (sTL05^Jan£:dt|»&^ v;oX) I aX&&t xjciUim.^&m9dS olflaanO iba«M *x»l>iiia

]

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j ^ onoil istlHovoO , I •nl 4^ i<xo#9«ab o<iit

I

.

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oci:

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SFllltf isqii^o <• ffoltooo fens

I ^jt« 5£i%*S fSOXtOO« £«£ •

laolt^i^v e^jfloHi •* cojttoos toC letoloX t© fioltloot

^ li;tPffeafeioil etfllot - noltooe 54 ^ xmttooe MC i
-2-

Teat Results

Amount fallen from pipe: None as pieces

Eccentricity: Insulation layers flared out at seaas

Separation at Joints: Joints opened from 1/8 in, to more than 1 in.

Cracks and ruptures: No cracks or complete mptures but surface

cut by wires

Fraying: All Joints shoi/ed fraying. Fraying more extensive on

second section with Joints looa^d horizontally. See Fig 11

Swelling: Sli^t

Erosion: All seams showed erosion with delamination evident

Other dfiinage: Wires cut into insulation. See Fig 12

Moisture retention (percent): Not measured

Beference to photographs: 11 shows appeax^ce after 72 hrs boiling

Pig 12 shows close^ap of sections 2 and 3

fastened with wires. Mirrored view of

second section shows nature of the fraying

and delatBination at the horizontal Joint
0

. ^

Att 9tisM 29<{iq amt :tnuotak

1ft &fio tmAll fttftvftX nollAXiiftoI ^ i^^toinaeo^S

«I .. * ' ri. t .. Rt X ni^ »oi 8\X amt bvMqq ^loXoL taloUlot noXlorgtftqfta

a&>sWqMt ftld£<|nosrto ft3{»ftnc9 oil sft9sol^i« Imia asioosO

43mXiitf xii im ^ --.»:Ji.. -.«<* - -M^ - 00 £>vi&xi^laL» irxofit aolt^oict •aotfoit taMi4i ftlaJto^ ijiiiliCJKt

99^ «^XXi»li:iosXv<^ b^SmoX ft^ot itiw

?.i\ jrt^ixe tsoiii^

lnal>lvft noi^sntsml^ lilXw noismo &oi«od& sjaa^ IXA tnolaotS

^ ^

*/K>llAlo«ia OllU^

ftft^lW t9s<oiHtf> *sod^

loM f(lo»onftq) ontflolofl

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Sill to oics/lAH oollooft bcooee . litXot bt9Br> 'il^T ijplv^

v.'i.tl
iiTwtJ*?.'

’

BOILING TEST OF PIPE INSULATION

Specimen 10

Deao3:*lptlQn of Kiaterial

^ "" " "' ' Kanufactuz^er: Pittsburgh Coming Glass Company

-jjfeLtiij-viK v“-, r- Identification name or symbol: Foam«>Sll « A cellular silicate

Binder used: 99 + pure silica

Length of sections 17 In.

ISilckness of Insulation: 1*5 in*

1 ,;< Covering! None

Pipe dicfiiBeteri 4 In.

Method of Application

MetlKKl of fastening: With clamps screw thread tightened

Position of Joints: 1st section - Joints horlsontal

iii"- : 2nd section • Joints vertical

3rd section - 45*

4th sectlcai >* Joints horizontal

5th section - Joints vertical

/ Covering used: None

Other featums: All Joints tight to slight crushing
HDITAJOEMl atl^ SO T2ST OiaJLXOa

iVXfiBfffaoO aafiJO js^ltncO ftgrci/cfe^;^lS rxexu;^otflJmill

<xi$Xi/XX90 A • Iia«aaoS cXc^in^e *xo «oAa noX^AOlll^Mtl

AdXXla 9tuq )( 4- ^ tb^MU

*tU TX tnol^oM Id il^^oaJ

»nX ^»X tfioX^&LtfsiiX lo ^eeiotoiiir

^

dxicil BgnlndvbO'

«fiX ^ 9n«^«nXd

n-olga^lXggA lo

^dcrxd^t w€^ott a^B&Xo i^XW :anXae^OA(1t lio bctt^eN

liit^oosX^oif jaChnUto^ •» ool^dd i&X lo ncX^XsoS

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e^tot * aoX^ddtt

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bmsoM t&»«sr anXvdVdO

,j£iliS8u?X9 ^ftgXXa o^ a^fiXot XXA i0dSO
Teat Fieaiilts

Hmoimt fallen from pipet None

Eccentricity8 None

Separation at Joints? Slightly at butt Joints

Cracks and matures? Aboiit half of the Individual pieces cracked

circumferentially idien steam was first turned on.

No additional cracks developed during the test.

Previns? None

Swelling* None

Erosions Some of the cement used in fabrication of sections dlsai^ared but not to point of unsealing Joints after 144 hr: . Other dama^j Sections cmcked <m initial heating but cracks had not

changed after 144 hrs. Cracks may have been caused ly

ti^t bailing and pipe e:spanslon on heating.

Hoisture retention (percent )s Hone

Reference to j^otograi^j Pig I3 shows «^pearance of Foam-Sil aftci

7£ hrs boiling
- - V ^

^ vD

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tuM t9<|lq saortt cmliM iimomk

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Figure 13
'‘IL

/
BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSULATION

Specimen II

i>eacrlptlon of Material

Manufactuz^r: Jc^tcn-Manville CoB^ny

Identification name or ayntbol: Thennobestos^ Preoiolded Caleixmi

silicate and asbestos fibers

Binder useds Calcinm silicate

Length of sections s 36 in* ' ^

it#'’-' niickness of insulatlom ' I .5 In-

. > Covering: None

’’ ^ ^

Pipe diaaneten 4 in.

’Method of application

Method of fastenings 1st secticm - l^r 3/4 in. straps of alisainum

2nd section - Flbei^laa mesh initially sewed at

the latitudinal joint. IWo metal straps

added after 72 hra because plastic mesh had

stretched.

Position of joints t 1st secticm - Joints horizontal

and section - Joints vertical

Covering used: None except flbez^las mesh <m second section

Other features: Aluminum straps replaced with steel stmps after

s4 hours
aoxTiuiiaia a^n « tsst OHuioa

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smt^lsO £>^Xof»9t9 t&o;t6^c^«4r slodinve *to 9iafin noX;txi9iUtiiMbX

cncMXl bm »&£kollJtB ‘ •bottle mftolAO ibeasi ^abaJti

mOl ^ i«noX#&9A %o d:r3fi0tl

»^al taol^Mluaal 1o assoaCoJtiO

/

«ooM :sj^9V«D

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tanaiisii/Iis Ho ©q^^s M ^\£ •3U«3f^ * #«X

» t^itsws i^XXaXtxal ilsa® ^ nelloa® IdisS

£a^@0[ oi^ ,4nlot X«all>i/:j'i3ftoX' ai!l^

b£sd daom Qiitcu^Xq o©i/ao9«f jrz4 ST Ib^btm

»bad»$9m$a • ooX;^o«e ;^&X

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•

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• ^s=

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iv feqsrf;}© loo^a li^lw ImosXqm msnimslA tsmuSamt *tad$0

snuoH as
Teat Beaulta

.^ount fallen from pipet lat aection fell off In leas than ^4 hrs

when aluminum straps sheared.

1st section replaced and steel straps used.

1st section off again after 48 hours boiling. Beplaced and boiled for an additional

72 hours with one piece breaking off.

Cracks and ruptures t At 72 hours, seams of mesh-covered sections

had opened about 2 in. 2 straps were added

to the second section and after 72 hours of

additional boiling, the seam opening had not

increased In the second section but had In the

short unstmpped section.

Other damage: Some erosion at Joints after 144 hours of boiling.

Molstuze retention (percent): Not measured

Keference to ^otographs: Fts 3.4 shows condition of mesh-covered

section after 144 hoxirs of boiling.
^

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*

.'v.'^-^ ' msnimiXA - ..r»us‘mt


BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSUL.OTON

Specimen 12

De3ci*iptlon of ^taterlal

Msttwfacturer: Owena-Coming Fiberglaa Coinpany

Identlflcatlcm name ox* i>ys^oli Loose fill Plbergla^ wool

Binder usedt ^N<me

Length of sections 7 ft - 2 In,

Ihlekness of insulations 1«5 in.

Coverings 1/4 in, laesh galvanised hardware cloth to retain loose

fill insulation on pipe

Pipe diameters 4 in, s -

Method of Af^lloation

Method of fastening? A wei^ied amount of loose fill Flberglas %/as

‘ ' - -apriead as evenly as poasible on a flat piece

of 3/4 in, aeah hards^are cloth and held in

place with Mg stitches of cotton string.

; ii^See Pig 15 and 16, Bven thou^ the Inaiiiation

spread as evenly as posslBle, there waa

an appearance of cl\sapa in the layer and

probably variations in density* The width

of the meih wrapper and the amoimt of insulation

used was such that the insulation would be compressed to a density of 7 Ib/cu ft and a thickness of 1-1/2 la* when wrapped around the pipe

with the wire mesh overlapping one inch at the

edges » The wire mesh wivipper was held in place

with 3/4 in* bands spaced 12 in. apart.
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osva »dX bnB eX sX9 m8

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^dEf^^BX od^ ol i;;^pR;Xo to 9oasn&mx[a oa

xf;^OXw i!Ml!P at %Xoid(nq

TtQiituXzjzta lo Smim» 9d;t bttM ^logqasw ffeta odt to

»d bUttfw mJt^fuLveat «ft^ cfooe eaw betiu

B iMxa m\dl \ t© i^XsneX> b toeaovq

©qXiS «d4 tejosfi baqq^v n«iw ,nX ^\X*X to &s«0

od^ ;tB dmt soo c^<a|BXv©vo xfeoa ©rxJtv ©fit fItXw

ooftXq f(i t>X©d BBK <s©aq[Bdtw itsom ««Xw ©df ..©©Pib©

.cwiBqa ,ax Si bftoBqa stniKf ,ftX M\£ i^Xw

i^^aXflotBBt to ooiltoii

. ,^7
Test Ite^ulta

j-aoount fallen tram pipes About 20 percent as weigtied dry before and

after boiling.

Other damages Pipe e:cpoaed In many places as volUu In an Irz^gular

pattern fonned in the insulation.

Moisture retentl<H4 (percent )s None

Beferenoe to i^tographsi Fig X% left specliaen, tih<»r3 appearance

after hours boiling

Fig 16, bottesn specimen, shonrs cl03e\;q^

of voids with a mirror iraage of the

<mdemeath portion.

Microscopic Esssuainatlons of Insulations Samples of insulation were

taken from the specliaen at several locations after the

test for microscopic examination. Mlcrophotograj^s were

taken of the glass fibers before and after boiling.

Pig X6a shows the ^sooth, transparent, cylindrical

iSiippQSkmnoe of the fibers vdien nev;. Fig 16b shows the

appearance of the aatexlal near the surface of the envelc^

after boiling. It was broken into many short pieces, and

a|^eaz«d brown to the naked eye (perhaps the effect of the

boiling water and steam on the oil tireatment of the original material). Pig l6a and I6b are about 400 to 1

magnifications *
Sjfu: ygtSi afi :^mtse%m Os ^sso4A mcn% naXXirt

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f

rrJUtod fe£i;& oiotod inodlt s^iiCa ©d;J to n&^

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. aoX^^sXlLXiQMa
Iff H

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o

Figure l6b

Figure l6a

I

BOILING TEST OF PIPE INSUL/iTIC««

i

specliaen 13

^ Ascription QP Material

Maimfactux^ers O^eno-Comlng Piber:gla£» Co{as>dny

.c; Identification name or symbol: Loooo fill Flbcrglac kooI

Binder used: None

Length of section: 7 ft - 2 in.

Thickness of insulation: 1*5 In*

Covering: screen wire uaed to retain loose fill

Pipe diameter: 4 in.

Method of Application

M.ethod of fastenings A welded aiaount of loose fill Fiberglas was

spread evenly on a flat piece of 16-mesh galvanized screen wire and held in place

by stitches of cotton string. Even though the

insulation was spread as evenly as possible, | there was an appearance of clumps in the layer [ and probable variations in density, The width

of the screen wrapper and the amount of insiilatiOf]|

used was such that the insulation would be

coc^ressed to a density of 7 Ib/cu ft and a

thickness of 1-1/2 in, when wrapped around the i pipe with the wire mesh overlapping two in, at

the edges. The screen wrapper was held in place

with 3/4 in, bands spaced 8 in, apart. .‘>ee Fig 15.
mwAJxrem sixh Test oicxHoa

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*S9lbatS

»fil s

^

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,*'

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2-

Teat Besulta

Amount fallen from pipes About 10 peixsent of glaas wool as welded

.. u dry before and after boiling.

Other

f

:' - Pipe erpoe^ at several amall spots and some

of fibrous material

local lose

Beference to photogx^a|tes

Xi^

Fig 15* n^^t apeclBien, shows appearance

after 72 hours boiling

Fig 16, top specimen, shows spot where

pipe exposed. 16^njeBh screen wire provided a sort of flexible wrapping that

ten^d to bulge subtly between straps

mi 4;5>'0 .

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' •' • '• ?h.5t;J( lailf i»^tf

•' tJfjJ
BOILISa TEST OF PIPE BJSiniATION

Speolioen

Description of Material

Manufacturert Owena-Coinlng Flberglas Company

Id^tlflcatlon name or sjfviboXi Kaylo

Binder iisedt Silicate

Lensth of aectlon; 3 ft

Thickness of Insulations

Covering: Canvas on 1st and short sections

. wi^: -’n I'rt-

• Pipe diameter: 4 in.

Method of Application

Method of fastening: 3/4 pipe stmps spaced 12 in. apart

Position of Joints f 1st section - Joints horizontal

2nd section « Joints vertical

3rd section • Joints horizontal

Covering used: Canvas on 1st section and short aectl<»i

Other features: Longitudinal Joints did not close by 1/8 in. when

insulation was tightly fitted to the 4 in. pipe.

Insulation cavity was a little too small in diameter.
UCI7AJ088Z T8X7 otajioa

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.-' ^

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•xa 4 rx9;^«lAlj^ sqjta

noX^j&olXttgA ^Xo x?edl^»jK _

>*y‘ ^ ^ De^Aqe ocysni^e 9q^q A«E t^letoSiM to £K>ilMf

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.r »nJt ^X ^ insoXo :)oii t^Xfe atnXot lmtbu$X;^pQd tao^ir^oot <xdxM ^ «nl ^ ej«f ftal;tiaXyaai ^ aX SJjmi^ oo^ oX^;^XX a aaw ^tXvmo mi^mlsmil
-2-

Teat Re^ulta

.%BQunt fallen from pipei None after 72 houre

EccentricItyt None

Sei>aratlon at Joints: All Joints opened i;qp about 3/4 in. Insulation

moved sli^tly on 4 in. pipe

Cracks and ruptures t None

Fraying: None

Erosion: Edges of veztical Joints eix^ded so that circumference of

two half secticms lost about 1 in. after 144 hours boiling.

Heferenoe to photographs: Pig 17 shofv/s appearance after 72 hours

boiling
•iBiTiA ooolf fml a»XJM ;im;oaA

eaoK

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^

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5

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Figure I7
2
BOILING TEST OP PIPE INSinJ^TION

f; ;

V- ;5peclmon 15

I>eacrlptlon of g^terial

Mairnfacturex*} Oifens-Coming Fibex^las Ooa^^any

Identification name or s^rmbol: Px^eiaolded Plbexigla^^ Standard

Biniler «sed* Hienollc

Length of sections 3 ft*

Ihlckness of Insiilation: 1*5 ln»

Coverings None

Pipe diameters 4 In.

^thod of Application

Method of fastenings 1st section# 4 straps * 72 hrs* -f 72 hrs.

section# 4 copper wires « 72 hrs - new

sectitm# 4 strfi^ 72 hra.

3rd section# 2 straps - 72 hrs -f 72 hrs

Position of Jointss 1st section - Joints vertical

2nd section - Joints horiec^xtal

3rd section - Joints vertical

Other features s !^e
lo oolitqtJb^oatiO

X^iSqfBoO AAl^vetfl^ s^oJ:moD«>«a»«0 nmssJt^^iouM

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. V > ^ acKiK {sffXnavoO

«iit 4 inaMnlib

i^qXcfiiOtXcra/'. lo food^eW

ST ST - 4 «x3oX4oo« 4bX laoJUia^aat lo boiltil!3^ - tns ST • n»q^oo 4 t^Xtoaa ijns

*»jil ST 4 «<9Dl4oa«

and ST ST - S «nol4a«a 6nC >-

l6oX4nev dinlol « noXtfooa 4aX ta^nlol lo ooX4X«of,

Xa^cosinofit k4aXo1^ « aolS9sa baa

XaoXi^v a4flJtoL «• rfoX4ooa m£

ofloR toanu^Aol nadJO
2

Test Redulta

momt fallen frcaa pipe: After 72 hrs*

1st section^ none.

:-r : 2nd section, top half off pipe, part of

bottaa half .hanging by wires.

Replaced with a new length.

3rd section, none

Sepaj^tion at Joints? 1st and 3rd sections tight at longitudinal

Joints, 2nd section not on pipe so no butt

Joints.

Cracks and n^ures: None

Fraying? Vejy^ sli^t fraying at all Joints.

Swelling? Very sll£^t

Erosi^s Butt Joint end eroded to a concave shape on sections 1

and 3- Longitudinal Joints eroded slightly at surface.

Ottier damage? After 144 hrsj 1st aectlonj ri^ht side off pipe;

part of left side hanging at bottom by straps.

After 72 hro; replaced £ikl section; Joints tight;

Joints show sllihb erosion at surface.

After 144 hra; 3rd section; longitudinal Joint

tight.

Refeiwce to photographs? Pig 18 shows the appearance of the insulation after 72 hours boiling, Hie

first section, secured with straps, shows

sli^t erosion and fraying. Hie second

sectiorv secured with wires, had separated

frcffii the pipe and a part had fallen into

the bottcxn of the tank.
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lo ^*q ^«Kilq 11© lX©d qo^

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Specimen 16

«.

BOILING OF LOOSE FILL PIBEROLAS IN

3TXLLNATER CLAY PmWCTS CEKT-A-BAR SYSTEM

Dgi^oriptlogx of Teat Speclneri

Looi^e fill FlberglcUi insulations manufactured by Owena-Com*

Ing Flberglas Comxjanys boiled inside a l4«ft test specimen

of the Cert-a-Bar Cl^ Tile Conduit as manufactured by the Stillwater Clay Products Cos^pany* The insulation was paoiced to an

average density of 5,5 Ib/cu ft around a 4-lnch pipe over a 2-inch

pipe» both located inside a clay tile conduit made of 8-inch high

side blocks and 8-lnch semi-cyllndrlcal arch tile.

The thickness of the Insulation varied frcia a ninjliniBa of about

I«72 inches around the top half' of the 4-inch pipe to a maxltnum of

approximately 4.75 Inches at aoiae places underneath the 4-inch

pil^.

The insulation had been subjected, during earlier tests, to

coveral lengthy heating and cooling cycles, and to nuraerou-j wetting

and drying cycles without boiling the insulation. The insulation

had a seial-risid BKsided chaiseterlctic before the boiling teat

and the fibers were brittle and broken into short pieces near the

pipe.

Boiling Pme^^dure

The ends of the were sealed so it could be filled with

water. The water level waa indicated by an external sight glass

and makeup water was added to replace that evupomtsd to maintain

the water level at the top of the insulation space, steam was

introduced into the 4-inch pipe at a pressure of 1^ psig and the

pressure was maintained for 72 hours. Tbe steam generated inside

the conduit was vented to the atmosphere through two vortical

2 X 3-lnch ducts placed, osne at each end of the test specimen, at

the top of the cylindrical arch tile fonrilng the top of the conduit.

The vertical leg of the two vents was about 4 feet long.
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Teat Results

Pig 19 shows the appearance of the Insulation In the conduit

after boiling 72 houra. The dark streak at top center is a copper tube^used at one time to introduce water to the Insulation.

Pig 20 shows the appearaince, at the downstream end, of the

insulation. The 4 in. pipe is exposed for about 1/2 of its circumference on the lower side* There was considerable loss of

Insulation only near the outlet end for a distance of about 3 ft,

A small amount was also lost at the inlet end. Apparently the

insulation was carried out of the vertical vent pipes by the surg

ing water and steam. Some pulverized glass fibers were found in

the vent pipe at the end of the test* Except for the loss indicated above, there was little evidence of any voids in the remainder of the insulation.
‘ 1

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U, S. DEi*ARTMENT OF COM MERCK

Sii».e;iair \V<;fks, Serreiury

NATIONAL BUREAU OF S7”'ANJ)AUI)S

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAL OF STANDARDS

rile scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its hea«3quarters in Washington,

D. G., and its major laboratories in Boulder, (ailo., is suj^gested in the following listing of the

divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section carries out specialized

research, development, and engineering in the held indicated by its title. A brief description of tne activities, and ol the resultant jiublications, appeans on the inside front cover. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Devices. Electrical Instru- ments, Magnetic Measurements, Dielectrics, Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry, Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Engineering Metrology,

Heat, Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics. / Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Engine

Fuels. Free Radicals Research,

Atomic and Radiation Physics, Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Soectrometry. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Physics. Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity X-rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics.

Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer Structure. Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Metal Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure,

Building Technology, Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Air Conditioning, Heating,

and Refrigeration. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat

Transfer.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics.

Data Processing Systems, SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital

Circuitry. Digital Systems. Analog Systems. Application Engineering.

• Ollice of Basic Inslrumeiitalion. • Ollice of Weights and Measures. BOULDER, COLORADO

(Cryogenic Engineering. C.ryogcmic Equipimmt. Cryogenic Prt)cesscs. Properties oi Materials.

Gas I.i(]iiefaelioj!.

Radi<» Pmpagalion Phys'u’s. Upper Almo.sjjliere lu'searcb. b)n!)spberie Ih'searcb. Regular

Propagation .Services. Sun-Earih Belalionsbips. V115’ Kes*-arcb. Radio Propagation EngineMM’iug, Data R«‘duclioi» 'iislrmnenlalion. Modulation .Systems.

Navigation .Sy.slems, lladio Noise. 'I'roposplK'i ie MeasiireiiKMils. 'l'ia)posplu'iir .Analysis. Ra<l io .Systems A ppiical i(»ii Engineering. Kadio Meteoi'olog) . Radio .Standanis. Higli l''re(ju<“ney Eleelrieal .Slandanls. Radio Broad«ast ,Sei\iee. High

l''re(pieiiey linpedaiiee .Standards. Calibration ( a-ntei'. M i<-i'o\\ a\ e Pin sies. .M ierow a\ ( .irenit .Standards.