• e Kvoearch Information Services *af3onaI &w»n of Sfand^JB%. 225, Rm. A4S

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jj NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

2832

Uuics of Scientific Publications FILE COPY

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OP CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM UP, POWER CHECK,

AND MAINTENANCE APRONS

by

W. L. pendergast, R. A.. Clevenger, Edward C. Turna

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing of

the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is engaged in special*

ized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief description

of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside of the back

cover of this report.

Electricity. Resistance Measurements. Inductance and Capacitance. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Applied Electricity. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Gage.

Heat and Power. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics. Cryogenics. Engines and

Lubrication. Engine Fuels. Cryogenic Engineering.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State

Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Measurements. Infrared Spectroscopy.

Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-Rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. Atomic Energy Commission Instruments Branch.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Cherpistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Aerodynamics. Engineering Mechanics. Hydraulics. Mass. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Mineral Products. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure. Chemistry of Mineral Products.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Conditioning. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Machine

Development.

Electronics. Engineering Electronics. Electron Tubes. Electronic Computers. Electronic

Instrumentation.

Radio Propagation. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation Services. Frequency Utilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation Research. High

Frequency Standards. Microwave Standards.

Ordnance Development. These three divisions are engaged in a broad program of research

Electromechanical Ordnance, and development in advanced ordnance. Activities include

Ordnance Electronics. basic and applied research, engineering, pilot production, field testing, and evaluation of a wide variety of ordnance materiel. Special skills and facilities of other

NBS divisions also contribute to this program. The activity is sponsored by the Department of

Defense.

Missile Development. Missile research and development: engineering, dynamics, intelligence,

instnimentation, evaluation. Combustion in jet engines. These activities are sponsored by the

Department of Defense. • Office of Basic Instrumentation • Office of Weights and Measures.
NATIONAL BUftEAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT REPORT

0903 “21 -4428 September 30, 1953 2832

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM UP, POWER CHECK,

AND MAINTENANCE APRONS

by

W. L° Pendergast, R. A. Clevenger, Edward C. Tuma

Refractories Section

Mineral Products Division

Sponsored by

U. S. Naval Civil Engineering Research and

Evaluation Laboratory, Construction Battalion Center

Port Hueneme , California

Reference: NTl|- 59/NY 420 008-1

NBS File No. 9,3/1134-0

Approved

R. A. Heindl, Chief,

Refractories Section

The publication, reprinting

unless permission Is obta.ne

25. D. C, Such permlsslo

prepared • If that agency

Approved for public release by the '* Prohlblted Director of the National Institute of Wa8h,ngf0" Standards and Technology (NIST)

' ‘ peclfically on October 9, 2015.
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QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OP REFRACTORY QUALITIES OP CONCRETES FOR

JET AIRCRAFT WARM UP, POWER CHECK, AND MAINTENANCE APRONS

Technical Requirements

The technical requirements are the same as those

given in the NBS Report 2632 with a change in two of the

five conditions of exposure of the concrete specimens

before testing. The exposures before testing are as

follows

1. Twenty eight days in fog-room

2. Seven days in fog-room, 21 days in

ordinary laboratory air.

3 . Cured as in No. 2 plus heating at 5oo°c

4 « Cured as in No. 2 plus heating at 7£0°C

5 • Cured as in No. 2 plus heating at lOOCTC
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I. INTRODUCTION

The objective of the investigation is the determination of the physical properties of concretes that will

evaluate their suitability for use in jet aircraft warn

up, power check, and maintenance aprons.

II. MATERIALS: PREPARATION AND TESTING

C ement s . The three cements included in this project,

Portland, portland pozzolan, and high alumina hydraulic

were used in the design of concretes mixed, placed,

cured, heat treated, and tested during this reporting

period

Aggregates . Additional shipments of Bluestone,

olivine, Kentucky flint clay (raw and. calcined), and

West Virginia hard burned face brick were received this

quarter

The Bluestone (dolomitic limestone) has been crushed,

graded, recombined in accordance with the technical

requirements, and used in the three concretes prepared

during the reporting period. The correction factor for

the air meter was determined for this aggregate.
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Pour tons of olivine were screened using the 11 screens

necessary in grading the coarse and fine fractions of

aggregate. The -1 + 3/4 inch aggregate is the most

difficult to obtain in grading olivine.

2 /

Conc retes . In the preceding report information

was given relative to the properties of both the fresh

and cured concretes containing White Marsh aggregate.

The testing of specimens* fabricated from these three

concretes, after curing and heating at 5>00, 7 %0 , and

1000° C respectively, has been completed.

During the current quarter twenty-five one-cubic

foot trial batches of concrete with Blue stone aggregate

were designed and specimens fabricated. Eight of these

concretes contained portland cement, six portland

pozzolan cement, and eleven high-alumina hydraulic

cement. The cement content, the ratio of coarse to fine

aggregate, the amount of mixing water, and the amount

of air-entraining agent, were systematically varied in

these concretes.
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table I gives the results of the tests for the

three concretes designed with White Marsh aggregate

after six different exposures. These results indicate

that two of the concretes definitely failed to meet the

specified strength requirements (600 - 6^0 psi).

The precision of the method used in measuring the

length changes is accurate to 0.02 inches. Values of

a lower magnitude serve only as an indication of length

change

.

The decrease in strength as given or indicated by

a decrease in elastic modulus is attended by a loss in

weight

.

The three concretes were designed using a 6-sack

mixture. A redesigning of these concretes by which

the cement content would be increased to a 6 l/2 or

7-sack mix, would probably have resulted in a concrete

of the required strength after the 28-day curing period.

However, the rapid decrease in strength after heat

exposures at 5>00°C and above indicate that concretes

containing natural siliceous aggregate of this type

are possibly not suitable for such exposures.
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TABLE II - PROPERTIES OP FRESH =* CONCRETE

{identification -

Proportions

by Weigjit; Cement

to Coarse and to

Fine Aggregate

Cement Content

Vinsol Resin

by Weight

of Cement

Wator Content

Air Content

Slump Weight of

Fresh Concrete

Water

Cement

Ratio

Remarks

Fresh Concrete

FI exural

Strength

Renarks

Cured Concrete

1 iravimotric

Method

Air Meter

Method

, o Sacks yd-' of Concrete * Gals yd^ of Concrete % i, Inches Lbs/'fti psi

P-BS-A 1 : 2.5° s 2.44 6.26 .015 39.0 5.95 6.30

1 3.00 143.07 0.55

Over sanded • slightly high

in air contont ard slump. 630

50 percent pull outs; small

aggregate fractured.

F-BS-B 1 s 3.30 : 1.70 6.66 .015 32.6 2.70 3.35 1.50 151.08 0.43

Good workability for this type

aggregate: Slightly low in

air content and slump.

845

P-BS-C 1 s 3.30 : 1.70 6.52 .025 31.8 5.00 2.00 147-19 0.43 Good placability 710

large aggregate nulled out

about 60% fracture.

P-BS-F 1 : 3.W : 1.60 6.53 .020 33*5 3.8* | 4-60 1.50 348.48 0./.5 do 705 do

P-BS-D 1 : 3.07 : 1.55 6.92 .025 32.7 T.10 - c/ 1.75 146.75 0.42 Fair workability: harsh 720 50 percent pull outs.

P-BS-G 1 : 3-16 : 1.45 7.11 .020 32.9 4.00 1 3.85 1.87 150.22 0.41 Harsh but olaced wcl

700 do

P-BS-E 1 : 2.97 : 1.33 7.58

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.025 33.6 2.20 3.17 0.75 151.95 0.39 Harsh; hard to place 690

AH below 3/4 inch:

aggregate fractured

P-BS-H 1 : 2.97 : 1.33 7.37 .020 32.7 4.80 4.18 1.75 147.62 0.39 Very good 820 Most aggregate fractured

P-BS-1 1 : 1.33 : 1.57 6.47 .020 31.1 5.40 5.30 2.00 143.72 0.43

Good workability; slightly

sticky

Large aggregate

P-BS-2 do 6.49 .020 31.4 5.00 4.75 2.25 144-70 0.43 do

P-BS-3 do 6.53 .020 30.7 4.70 5.40 1.75 146.75 0.42 do

Z-BS-A 1 s 3-40 : 1.60 6.70 none 34.8 1.55 1.70 1.00 151.95

151.08

0.46

Good workability for this

type mortar; harsh

685 90 percent aggregate

fractured

Z-BS-D 1 : 3-40 : 1.60 6.66 .010 34.6 2.00 2.40 1.00 0.46 do 630 Large aggregate pulled out

Z-BS-3 1 •• 3.16 : 1.45 7.12 none 33.8 2.50 2.10 2.50 151.08 0.4do 675 do

Z-3S-E 1 s 3.16 : 1.45 7.33 .015 33.8 2.50 2.90 2.125 151.08 0.42 Fair workability, harsh 810

Very few pull outs; nearly

all aggregate fractured

Z-BS-C 1 : 2.97 ! 1.33 7.54 none 35.4 1.80 1.99 2.00 151.51 0.41 Good workability ; harsh 790 50 percent pull outs

z-bs-f 1 : 2.97 : 1.33 7.46 .020 34-2 3.23 2.85 1.50 149.78 0.40 Fair workability 780 50 percent pull outs

Z-B3-1 1 : 3.16 : 1.45 7.08 .020 31.3 4.20 3. ID 1.875 149.35 0.40

Fair workability: slightly stlfT

to place easily

Z-BS-2 do 6.99 .020 31.5 4.9c 4.00 1.75 147.62 0.40 do

z-as-3 do 7.03 .020 31.9 4.50 3.57 2.00 34$. 48 0.40

L-BS-A 1 1 3.40 : 1.60 6.38 .025 30.9 7. IX) 3.70 3/ 0.50 144.15 0.43

Set too quickly to place

well

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Numerous voids;

aggregate fractured

L-BS-B do 6.52 .02o' 35.5 3.10 2.80 1.50 148.49 0.48

Ihin; Large aggregate nay

have settled out some

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L-B3-C do 6.59 .015 36.8 1.70 2.00 8.00 150.22 0.49 Placed well 640 2/

40 percent aggregate

fractured

E-3S-D 1 : 3.00 : 1.38 7.18 .025 38.3 2.90 2.60 1.50 147.62 0.47 Fair; set up quickly 675 2/ Slightly honey-combed

L-B3-E 1 1 2.70 ! 1.20 7.89 .025 39.9 2 .10 2.50 1.25 148.49 0.45 do 675 S' Badly honey-combed

L-BS-P 1 : 3.33 1 1.57 6.70 .020 35.4 2.50 2.40

Not sufficiently

plastic

to remain

149.78 0.47 Very good ; placed well 565

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Large aggregate pulled out

L-3S-G 1 : 2.97 i 1.36 7.26 .025 39.9 2.00 2.30 do 148.48 0.49 do 595 2/ do

L-BS-H 1 s 2.71 : 1.20 7.78 .030 43.7 1.40 2.10 do 147.62 0.50

Started to set before

specimens were complete

490 2/ Host all aggregate wll outs

L-3S-I 1 : 2.60 : 1.73 7.20 .025 39.5 2.60 3.00 do 147.19 0.49 do 590 2/ 50 percent pull outs

L-BS-J 1 : 2.70 : 1.20 7.67 .030 41.1 4.00 3.95 do 145.02 0.48

Tort vret : segregation of

aggregate

535 2/

All largo aggregate pulled

out

L-B3-K 1 : 2.82 : 1.25 7.28 .030 32.0 8.00 d 4,50 13^.39 0.39 T Laced well 610 Most of aggregate broken

L-as-i 1 : 3.01 : 1.34 7.53 .015 30.5 3.40 2.60- 1.75 l'5i.08

" r .3^ Hirsh: poor olaoability

L-BS-2 do 7.44 do 33.7 3.00 2.65 3.50 150.32 . 0.39 do

hjs-3 do 7.4

do 35.3 2.60 2.65 2.40 150.21 0.41 do

a/ Por convenience, the flexural strength of*3necimens of the trial batches after 28-day fog-room curing are Lnc luded

b/ P m Portland Cerent; Z Portland Pozzolan Cement; L ° Lumnite Cement; BS Bluestone aggregate.

The last letter* "A" to nKn inclusive, indicate trial mixes made in a 1-cubic foot mixer.

The last numeral 1 to 3 inclusive, indicate final selected mix made in a 5-cubic foot mixer.

Throe batches of the selected mix were necessary to fabricate the required number of test specimens,

c/

Above the capacity of air-motor,

d, Concrete set in air meter.

e/ Flexural strength was determined after four days curing in fog-room.

In designing these particular concretes, air content

and slump results obtained, from trial batches were the

criteria. At that time the strengths of trial concretes

were not determined due to the smallness of the batch.

In attempts to design a concrete of the specified strength

the cement content was based both on work in this project

and the results of other research projects. As a result

of this practice the flexural strength was often lower

than anticipated and below that specified. Consequently

a procedure has now been established that also includes

flexural strength tests of enlarged trial batches after

28- day fog- room curing

Table II gives the results of tests on the 25 trial

batches of concretes. Also some results are given for

the three concretes selected as having the specified

requirements and from which specimens for a complete

series of tests were fabricated. These results indicate

that from the data on trial batches * concretes of the

Portland or portland pozzolan type may be designed that

will meet the technical requirements.
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Although concretes have been designed with the

high alumina hydraulic cement that develop 675 psi

flexural strength, the air content is low and the

placability is not good. Several methods have been

used in mixing this type of concrete. The results

indicate that charging the mixes in the following order

yielded the most workable concrete: (1) fine aggregate

and cement, mix thoroughly (2) coarse aggregate and

mix again (3) water and air entraining agent and mix

for 1 l/2 minutes only. It is possible, however, that

the difficulties encountered in designing and especially

mixing concrete containing high alumina hydraulic

cement, and using a limestone aggregate, may not be

encountered with other aggregates e
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/“1J7. The five conditions of exposure are given in

a letter dated June 26, 1953 from U. S. Naval

Civil Engineering Research and Evaluation

Laboratory, Construction Battalion Center,

Port Hueneme, California, signed by Perry H.

Petersen, Director Materials Division,

Structures Research Department.

/~2_7 . NBS Report 2632.
' .
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the front cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project

or. program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handhooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards ($1.00). Information on calibration services and fees can be

found in NBS Circular 483, Testing by the National Bureau of Standards (25 cents). Both are

available from the Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and

publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.
NBS