NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy 

Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308

Commercialization and 

Deployment at NREL

Advancing Renewable Energy and 

Energy Efficiency at Speed and Scale

Prepared for the

State Energy Advisory Board

Management Report

NREL/MP-6A42-51947 

May 2011
NOTICE

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1 

CONTENTS 

List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 2

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4

Commercialization and Technology Transfer at NREL ................................................................. 5

“Traditional” Technology Transfer ............................................................................................. 5

Cutting-edge Technology Transfer ............................................................................................. 6

Deployment and Market Transformation ...................................................................................... 12

Non-Technical Barriers to the Adoption of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency .......... 13

Best Practices of Technology Deployment ............................................................................... 15

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 20

Appendix A: Selected DOE and NREL Resources ...................................................................... 21

Analytic Tool and Resources .................................................................................................... 21

Community and State Resources .............................................................................................. 22

Federal Assessment Tools and Training ................................................................................... 24

Technology Resources .............................................................................................................. 25
2 

LIST OF ACRONYMS

AFDC – Alternative Fuels Data Center

AOP – Annual Operating Plan 

ARRA – The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

CCIA – Colorado Cleantech Industry Association

CEPA – Clean Energy Policy Analyses 

C&TT – Commercialization and Technology Transfer (NREL) 

CRADA – Cooperative Research and Development Agreement

CREED – Center for Renewable Energy Economic Development 

CY – Calendar Year

DOE – U.S. Department of Energy 

EPAct – Energy Policy Act

EECBG – Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants 

EERE – Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE) 

FEMP – Federal Energy Management Program 

GEO – Governor’s Energy Office 

GFTT– Government Funded Technology Transfer 

IAC– Integrated Applications Center (NREL) 

IEC– Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center (NREL) 

IP – Intellectual Property

M&O – Manager and Operator

MTC– Market Transformation Center (NREL)

NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NCAP – NREL Commercialization Assistance Program

NREL – National Renewable Energy Laboratory 
3 

OEDIT – Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade 

PEMP – Performance Evaluation Management Plan 

PFTT– Privately Funded Technology Transfer 

R&D – Research and Development

SAC– Solar America Cities

SEE Action – State Energy Efficiency Action Network 

TAP – Technical Advisory Program 

TCDF – Technology Commercialization and Deployment Fund 

USDA – U.S. Department of Agriculture 

USDA 9003 – Biorefinery Assistance Program

USDA 9004 – Repowering Assistance Program

USDA 9007 – Rural Energy for America Program

WAP – Weatherization Assistance Program

WFO – Work for Others 

WIP – Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program

WPA – Wind Powering America
4 

INTRODUCTION 

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy issued this challenge: expand the laboratory’s role as a 

leader in clean energy technology development to also be a catalyst in the transition from early 

adoption of new technologies to broad market

acceptance of widely available energy efficiency and 

renewable energy solutions. The Alliance for 

Sustainable Energy, manager and operator (M&O) of 

NREL, vigorously responded to the challenge in 

philosophy and in practice. 

At NREL, we have a unique, mission-driven approach 

to complete the cycle which begins with R&D and is 

not complete until new technologies are introduced 

into the marketplace, and proven technologies are 

adopted broadly. 

Commercialization and deployment at NREL focus on "speed and scale." We move technologies 

to the marketplace quickly (speed), and we work on removing market barriers in order to enable 

widespread market adoption (scale) of proven technologies. 

NREL's Mission Statement 

NREL develops renewable energy 

and energy efficiency 

technologies and practices, 

advances related science and 

engineering, and transfers 

knowledge and innovations to

address the nation's energy and 

environmental goals.
5 

COMMERCIALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AT NREL

Technology commercialization at NREL moves renewable energy and energy efficiency 

innovations created at NREL and elsewhere deliberately and rapidly to the market. This critical 

part of NREL's mission is executed through a cutting-edge Commercialization and Technology 

Transfer (C&TT) organization. Through both adoption and innovation of best-in-class 

commercialization and technology transfer practices, C&TT executes a “speed of business” work 

ethic in all transactions, leading to increased laboratory productivity, partner satisfaction, and 

repeat business. 

NREL's C&TT organization has combined and integrated traditional functions in a centralized 

Commercialization and Technology Transfer organization and staff. We adopt best practices 

from other organizations, and we pioneer new programs in our effort to move NREL 

technologies from the laboratory to the market with all deliberate speed. 

In recent years we have embarked upon an effort to increase the effectiveness of all of our 

technology transfer efforts, taking traditional technology transfer to new levels of efficiency and 

effectiveness and establishing our own cutting-edge programs. As a result, patenting, licensing, 

and royalty income have all increased, while cycle times for partnership agreements have 

decreased significantly.

Our goal – one executed with passion, innovation, and creativity – is to ensure that NREL 

technologies (and those of our research and industry partners) help transform our nation's energy 

future. 

“Traditional” Technology Transfer

NREL conducts the following traditional technology transfer activities:

• Establishes and nurtures technology-rich relationships with private industry and other 

government entities towards the creation of Cooperative Research and Development 

Agreements (CRADAs) and other technology partnering agreements 

• Works closely with technical staff to ensure that their innovations are reviewed and, if 

applicable, patented in a timely manner 

• Creates impactful licensing agreements with outside entities that positively drive the 

commercialization of NREL technologies, and maintains previously executed licenses to 

ensure licensee compliance with contractual and fiscal obligations

• Enhances external relationships with the investor and entrepreneurial communities by 

organizing and hosting the Industry Growth Forum, the premier venture capital event for 

early stage companies developing renewable energy and energy efficiency products. 

In recent years, NREL has made significant process improvements in preparing and executing 

technology partnership agreements (TPAs), reviewing and patenting inventions, and licensing 

NREL technologies. Our continuous improvement efforts have enhanced innovation output, and 
6 

the laboratory's transactions processes are cited by industry as reasons to partner with NREL.

Through these efforts, we have reduced process times for CRADAs by 50%, from 118.5 days to 

83 days, and process times for Work for Others (WFO) agreements have been reduced by 37%, 

from 124.5 days to 83 days. 

Other best practices efforts include the following:

• Enhanced intellectual property information system to support technology partnership 

agreements, innovation management, and licensing workflows 

• Facilitated contract negotiation using advanced collaboration tools 

• Continued improvements to model agreements to make them more user friendly 

• Reduced transaction times for each phase of agreements processing (TPA and licensing 

agreements) and documented progress using tracking metrics. 

Cutting-edge Technology Transfer

NREL also executes cutting-edge programs such as the EERE Energy Innovation Portal, the 

Innovation & Entrepreneurship Center (IEC), Privately Funded Technology Transfer (PFTT) and 

the EERE Technology Commercialization and Deployment Fund (TCDF). Additionally, NREL 

partners with the state of Colorado and other renewable energy and energy efficiency 

stakeholders in the Colorado Center for Renewable Energy Economic Development (CREED). 

These five initiatives strengthen NREL’s ability to more rapidly transfer technology, grow 

NREL’s business activities, and support innovative start-up companies. 

EERE Energy Innovation Portal 

A significant challenge facing technology seekers is the ability to locate technologies that can 

underpin new companies or build out a product line for existing companies. Because each of the 

seventeen DOE national laboratories operate quite independently and therefore each maintains 

an independent listing of technologies available for licensing, it has not previously been possible 

for a technology seeker to browse all DOE technologies in one location. The Energy Innovation 

Portal was envisioned as a single source for national laboratories and other stakeholders (such as 

university partners) to advertise their available technologies, as well as a “one-stop shopping” 

destination for those seeking to license technologies from the DOE to enhance their business 

competitiveness. The Portal was also envisioned to enable the national laboratories to build a 

community around their common interests and join forces in licensing “bundled” intellectual 

property (IP). 

The Portal currently showcases more than 400 marketing summaries with business-focused 

introductions to technologies, including potential application, advantages over existing solutions, 

and contact information. Additionally, the Portal facilitates access to more than 15,000 U.S. 

patents and patent applications that resulted from DOE funding. 
7 

The Portal is supported by, and contains technology 

marketing summaries from many national laboratories, 

including, but not limited to, Argonne National 

Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Idaho 

National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National 

Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 

Los Alamos National Laboratory, National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Sandia 

National Laboratories. The Portal's research partners 

extend beyond the national laboratories as well and 

include NASA, the University of Colorado, Colorado 

State University, and the Colorado School of Mines. A 

full list of research partners is available on the Portal at 

http://www.techportal.eere.energy.gov. 

The Portal enables NREL to track the contacts each lab 

receives through the Portal regarding any given 

technology available for license. NREL actively markets 

the Portal through news releases, conference exhibits, 

and word-of-mouth. Portal visibility in FY11 has 

increased dramatically.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center 

NREL has committed to aid in the development of clean 

energy companies in Colorado and throughout the 

nation, both in service of our renewable energy mission 

and to contribute to economic development. To rise to 

this challenge, NREL has developed a comprehensive program that utilizes NREL’s 

programmatic strengths and existing partnerships with regional and national economic 

development leaders. The mission of NREL's Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center is to 

develop and deliver programs and services designed to bring innovation and entrepreneurship to 

the interface of NREL and its external partners. 

The Center is focused on:

• Creating an Innovative and Entrepreneurial Environment that is a seamless part of the 

fabric of NREL

• Promoting NREL as a key catalyst for economic development by accelerating and 

improving the yield of regional clean energy innovations 

• Facilitating robust access to capital and other resources for clean energy entrepreneurs 

• Enhancing NREL's small business contracting efforts and Mentor-Protégé program. 

“By connecting American 

entrepreneurs with cutting-edge, 

ready-to-commercialize technologies 

from the National Labs, the DOE 

Innovation Portal is helping to grow 

our economy and create the next 

generation of American jobs”

-Dr. Steven Chu

U.S. Secretary of Energy

PIX 16286
8 

External offerings from the IEC include the nationally-recognized NREL Industry Growth 

Forum, the NREL Commercialization Assistance Program (NCAP), the NREL Venture Capital 

Advisory Board, and leadership in CREED. 

Industry Growth Forum: Historically, new clean energy companies had difficulty finding 

investors and investors often were unaware of emerging companies. In the early 1990’s, as a 

service to the entire clean energy industry, NREL pioneered an assembly of companies and 

investors—the first of its kind in the clean energy space. NREL's Industry Growth Forum is now 

the nation’s premier event for emerging clean energy and energy efficiency technology startups 

to gain exposure to and feedback from venture capitalists, corporate investors, government 

agencies, and strategic partners. The Forum features presentations from more than 30 emerging 

clean energy companies which have competed for the chance to present, provocative panels led 

by thought leaders, facilitated one-on-one meetings, and technology accelerator workshops. It is 

the perfect venue for growing companies to prepare, refine, and present their business to a wide 

range of stakeholders and potential investors. Collectively, companies who have presented at the 

Forum since 2003 have raised more than $3.4 billion in growth financing. 

NREL Commercialization Assistance Program: Small technology-based companies can 

benefit from NREL expertise, capabilities, and equipment, but many of these small companies 

are not aware of the resources available at NREL, nor the process for accessing these resources. 

NCAP was created to help emerging companies overcome technical barriers to commercializing 

clean energy technology by enabling easy access to NREL. The program specifically helps 

renewable energy and energy efficiency companies by providing up to forty hours of technical 

assistance or information to help small businesses with particular technology problems or needs. 

Examples of assistance include short-term access to technical expertise and facilities such as 

testing and measurement of systems or components, analytical testing of materials, insights on 

existing or emerging technologies, assistance in addressing technological performance, market 

analysis, or addressing general technology problems. NCAP is funded from NREL licensing 

proceeds and is therefore free of charge to small businesses. 

Venture Capital Advisory Board: National laboratory engagement with the venture capital 

community has met with mixed results, since the needs of the venture capital community and the 

operating conditions at the laboratories were sometimes incompatible. In its desire to greatly 

increase its communication and interaction with the large network of venture capital firms which 

invest in cleantech, NREL formed the VC Advisory Board. This Board is an interface group to 

the larger network and is a cornerstone in our efforts to promote the growth of the clean-tech 

industry sector. The funds represented on the Board have more than $4 billion under 

management. The Board advises NREL and our collaborators on our strategic plans and 

resultant programs in the clean energy sector, including topics such as: 

• Development of clean energy start-ups and how they can successfully raise financing

• Commercialization of mission relevant technologies 
9 

• Speed to market for new technologies 

• Identification and fostering of technologies that can serve an unmet market 

• Identification and analysis of market trends 

• Assessment and commentary on the technology pipeline. 

Technology Commercialization and Deployment Fund Program 

Finding new ways to leverage private sector investment is a core element in NREL's strategy for 

accelerating the commercialization of new technologies, and having access to risk capital to 

entice private sector investment is central to NREL’s strategy. NREL provides access to capital 

from a variety of sources, and leads venture community activities that make investment capital 

more readily accessible to clean energy companies who need it. The sources include leveraging 

DOE programs such as the Technology Commercialization and Deployment Fund (TCDF). 

The purpose of the TCDF program, launched by EERE in 2007, is to provide funding for 

technology maturation to bridge the “valley of death” that many promising nascent technologies 

face when research funding ends, but the technology requires further development before a 

commercial partner will invest. Under the TCDF program, commercial partners cost-share 

project development costs, which typically range from $150,000 to $1 million. Projects were 

submitted by researchers and commercial partners, and were selected based on their fit with the 

program, the value of NREL's IP position, and the potential for near-term commercial impacts.

NREL's TCDF portfolio includes projects in the following technology areas: 

• Solar (eight companies: four thin film, two concentrating solar thermal, one concentrating 

photovoltaic, and one manufacturing equipment) 

• Buildings/energy efficiency (two companies)

• Hydrogen (one company) 

• Biomass (one company). 

Privately Funded Technology Transfer Program 

The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, as the operator of NREL, sought to aggressively pursue a 

technology transfer agenda that would leverage private sector funding, from Alliance and other 

non-government sources. Privately Funded Technology Transfer (PFTT) is a way to enable 

private investment in what was previously a solely government-funded activity. Government 

Funded Technology Transfer (GFTT) refers to the government-funded process of electing title 

(under the Bayh-Dole Act) to inventions resulting from federal government funding, patenting 

those inventions, and marketing/licensing them to the private sector for use in new products or 

processes and in providing maturation funding to advance new inventions. Privately Funded 

Technology Transfer refers to the same chain of events, with one important difference: private 

(non-federal) funding is used for all costs related to an invention once it is elected. In this way, 

private dollars are used to leverage the federal investment in research and development to bring 

cutting-edge technologies to the marketplace. 
10 

In FY10, NREL launched a robust and “best practice” PFTT program. NREL elected a first set 

of technologies into the PFTT program, and maturation projects for these technologies are in 

various states of completion. Seven projects were completed, and an additional three projects 

were terminated prior to completion. Six additional projects will be completed during FY11.

The Colorado Center for Renewable Energy Economic Development 

In order to maximize the local economic impact of NREL’s rich history and reputation in 

renewable energy and energy efficiency research, development, demonstration, and deployment, 

NREL is seeking to use its “convening power” to help harmonize economic development 

activities in Colorado, in partnership with the State. The Colorado Center for Renewable Energy 

Economic Development (CREED) is dedicated to the growth of the clean energy economy; the 

Center's programs will be a driving force to catalyze Colorado as the “Silicon Valley” of 

renewable energy. 

CREED, which opened its doors in March 2011, acts as a convener and coordinator among 

Colorado clean energy organizations. The CREED facility provides space for Colorado clean 

energy organizations, regional incubators, and the small and growing clean energy companies 

they support. Each resident organization has its own charter, but all benefit from the synergy of 

co-location and access to the programs provided by CREED. 

The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center leads NREL's participation in CREED. Together 

with our partners, we work to deliver best-in-class programs that meet the needs of small and 

growing companies in the renewable energy space. These programs include both technical and 

business education, and training content, as well as providing opportunities for organizations, 

entrepreneurs, and investors to network. 

Organizations participating in CREED include the:

• Governor’s Energy Office (GEO) (satellite office)

• Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory (The Collaboratory) 

• Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade (OEDIT) (satellite 

office)

• Colorado Cleantech Industry Association (CCIA)

• CleanLaunch Incubator 

• NREL’s entire Commercialization and Technology Transfer organization.

NREL provides an array of programs and services through CREED: 

• Mentoring, education, business management, interaction with NREL staff, and 

networking opportunities to support the development and growth of clean energy 

companies 

• Hoteling and meeting space for visiting professionals 
11 

• Event space for activities such as the CREED ACCEL series (a "pitch practice" 

workshop held monthly) and the CREED Entrepreneur Series (classes, workshops, and 

facilitated meetings with investors)

• A focal point to better leverage NREL expertise and facilities. 

CREED is a centralized, coordinated, resource-rich environment in which the burgeoning 

Colorado cleantech industry can continue to grow and thrive. 
12 

DEPLOYMENT AND MARKET TRANSFORMATION

Over the past few years, NREL has 

adapted its strategy and approach to 

emphasize and build critical mass in 

analysis, outreach, tool development, 

and approaches to effectively 

disseminate decision-grade information 

to federal, state, and local government 

entities, as well as industry 

stakeholders. Defining and 

understanding attributes of a 

sustainable future energy system is 

helping us to accelerate large-scale 

adoption of proven technologies to

meet national energy goals. NREL’s

Deployment and Market 

Transformation directorate is a 

centralized organization that works 

across the entire spectrum of energy 

efficiency and renewable energy 

technologies. This centralized approach

leverages resources across NREL to 

create synergy and best practices 

across technical programs. Deployment 

and Market Transformation is 

structured around the two broad 

categories of clients served by NREL: 

technology specific and technology neutral (see sidebar). NREL’s entire deployment 

organization promotes efficiency and renewable energy solutions, regardless of where the 

solutions originated. 

NREL continues to evolve its deployment and market transformation processes and approaches 

for partnering with governments and industry as we work to maximize our impact on the speed 

and scale of market penetration of energy efficiency and renewable energy. 

Increasingly, NREL’s deployment activities require NREL staff to branch out from the 

traditional lab environment to provide comprehensive implementation expertise, sustained “onthe-ground” technical assistance, and to facilitate networks in places where putting energy 

innovation into action is a top priority. NREL’s goal is to have national impact through a 

deployment strategy of engagement and partnership with market stakeholders at a local level.

Two Elements of NREL’s Deployment and Market 

Transformation Organization

The Integrated Applications Center (IAC) serves 

clients who have not yet determined a renewable 

energy technology approach or solution. These 

clients seek “technology neutral” guidance and may 

require an entire suite of decision support tools and 

processes to help them select technology solutions 

among options. This suite encompasses assessment, 

analysis, and project development support, including

financing approaches. Typically clients of the IAC 

include communities, facility managers, and 

government agencies or personnel. The Technology 

Assistance Program and FEMP are examples of 

programs supported by IAC. 

The Market Transformation Center (MTC) serves 

clients who are already focused on specific 

renewable energy technologies. These clients 

require a different suite of tools and processes to 

help them accelerate the deployment of a family of 

technologies. Typically, MTC clients include

companies in the technology supply chain and 

communities that have already decided on a given 

technology. Programs supported by MTC focus on 

removing barriers to implementation or adoption of 

a technology. Examples include Wind Powering 

America and Solar America Cities.
13 

Non-Technical Barriers to the Adoption of Renewable Energy and Energy 

Efficiency

Numerous technical barriers to energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies exist in the 

market (cost, permitting, grid interconnection, etc.); these are well documented by DOE and 

NREL and are not summarized here. Instead, this paper focuses on non-technical barriers that 

NREL has determined to be the most significant impediments to achieving large-scale adoption 

of proven and cost-effective solutions. In this section, we have summarized the barriers that 

represent opportunities where partnerships between state and local agencies and DOE 

laboratories could have a significant impact on the implementation of energy efficiency and 

renewable energy projects.

Insufficient Capacity at the State and Local Level 

In many situations, insufficient capacity creates several related and significant barriers to 

deployment of energy efficiency and renewable energy at the state and local level, where 

resources for energy issues compete with other public interests, such as economic, health, and 

safety needs. Many state and local energy offices are short-staffed and struggle to keep ahead of 

clean energy opportunities. Another hurdle is in developing the depth and breadth of skills or 

knowledge sufficient to bring about a systemic transformation, unless they engage outside 

support and expertise. Because of resource limitations, energy offices may lack the project 

management capacity to address or coordinate complex clean energy programs and initiatives 

across state-wide departments. 

Effective programs at the state level also require energy champions who are empowered to make 

decisions and drive implementation of technologies at scale. The cyclical nature of state and 

local government systems can mean high turnover of staff and political appointees, which can 

hinder a sustained effort of deployment-related technical assistance and outreach activities. 

In addition, the pace of change occurring in energy efficiency and renewable energy 

technologies, financing options, codes, standards, and regulations make it unrealistic for state 

and local agencies to stay abreast of all the current options available to them. “Information 

overload” hinders progress when too many resources lead to confusion about which sources are 

most applicable for state and local agencies, or whether the sources are credible and unbiased. 

Inadequate Means to Access Expertise, Tools, and Know-How 

Another ongoing challenge for state and local entities is the level of access and inadequate 

options for accessing the federal resources and experts available at, for example, a national 

laboratory. Complex policies and funding mechanisms both on the federal and the state and local 

sides present hurdles. Technical assistance programs provide a mechanism to access short-term 

assistance, but historically, the issue has been establishing agreements to facilitate long-term 

market transformation and deployment opportunities. National laboratories cannot adequately 

address the needs at the state and local level because of insufficient resource allocation. 

Overcoming this barrier requires a transition from a project-by-project approach to a more 
14 

efficiently delivered systems approach. Without a comprehensive and integrated agreement 

mechanism or strategy, capacity needed to meet the full spectrum of state and local needs 

remains limited and inadequate to fully support large-scale deployment. 

Marketplace Status Quo

Setting the conditions for transformation of our energy systems involves fully engaging the 

marketplace, however, as in any situation of transformational change, overcoming the “status 

quo” can sometimes prove to be the greatest challenge of all. In the case of our energy system, 

the significant amount of investment required for a new infrastructure is difficult to mobilize in 

the face of great uncertainty. The financial and regulatory sectors understand the existing system 

and require technical and market expertise in advanced energy topics to effectively integrate 

renewable energy and energy efficiency into the existing energy system. 

The town of Greensburg, KS is an example of what can be accomplished in the absence of the 

typical status quo barrier to replacing expensive infrastructure. When the infrastructure was 

literally destroyed by forces of nature, Greensburg started over, from the ground up, completely 

transforming its infrastructure in both energy efficiency and renewable energy, demonstrating 

effective partnering between the public and private sectors at a variety of levels. 

Lack of a Framework about Roles, Metrics, and Goals for DOE Labs in Deployment 

Traditionally, the primary measures of success for national laboratories have been tied almost 

exclusively to the quality of their scientific R&D accomplishments. Today, DOE labs must not 

only produce world-class scientific advances, but also must aid deployment and market adoption 

of proven, cost-effective technologies to help meet national goals. 

To reflect its commitment to deployment, NREL has taken the initiative to introduce new metrics 

and goals into its performance plan. These new metrics and goals are described in the section 

called “Best Practices.” 

Human Factors and Limited Awareness of Energy Issues by the General Public 

Human and social factors impede adoption, implementation, and acceptance of renewable energy 

and energy efficiency technology projects. Often, perceived advantages and disadvantages 

determine community support or opposition to development of both utility-scale and small-scale 

projects. Many organizations and individuals require economic incentives to take on these types 

of projects. 

The generally low level of energy awareness is a related barrier to adoption. Many inaccurate, 

biased, or incomplete sources of information about energy and energy systems persist. This 

means the average layperson, or even a trained technologist, must distinguish facts from myths. 

The media can sometimes add credibility to an otherwise unreliable or biased source of 

information, but in an attempt to represent all views, may inadvertently contribute to inaccurate 

information. 
15 

Many important issues need to be clearly and accurately communicated to address human 

factors, increase public awareness, and create a motivation to change the way we produce and 

use energy. These issues are illustrated by questions such as: 

• Where does energy come from and how is it made? 

• What are the pathways for making electricity and fuels? 

• What is a life-cycle assessment and why is it important? 

• What are the true costs of various forms of energy? 

• How sustainable are the various energy sources? 

• What are the direct and indirect implications of using a given source of electricity or 

fuel? 

Best Practices of Technology Deployment 

NREL leads or plays a key role in more than a dozen 

federal programs and initiatives to accelerate 

deployment and market transformation. To support 

these federal programs, NREL staff members make

extensive use of webinars, podcasts, video 

conferencing, and local stakeholder meetings and 

workshops. NREL maintains and makes available a 

large suite of information sources, websites, 

downloadable reports, and software tools to support 

state and local policy and decision making in 

government and industry. These online or mobile 

resources provide on-the-ground partners and NREL 

staff with the data and calculations that support 

deployment efforts anytime and anywhere. 

A list of the most frequently accessed resources such 

as webinars, podcasts, workshops, web resources, 

and mobile applications are included in Appendix A. 

The following section describes NREL’s best practices that support federal deployment 

programs and initiatives listed in the sidebar above. Similarly to the “Barriers” section, we focus 

here on the best practices that illustrate opportunities where partnerships between state and local

agencies and DOE laboratories are having a significant impact on the implementation of energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects. 

Deployment Programs and Initiatives 

Supported by NREL 

• ARRA – EECBG

• ARRA – Section 1603 (U.S. Treasury)

• Better Buildings Initiative

• Clean Cities 

• EPAct and regulated fleet programs

• FEMP, including Federal Fleets

• Integrated Deployment

• Solar Market Transformation

• Recovery Thru Retrofit

• SEE Action

• USDA 9003, 9004, and 9007

• Wind Powering America

• Weatherization and Intergovernmental 

Programs, including TAP, WAP, and 

Workforce Guidelines
16 

Focusing on Stakeholders 

NREL’s deployment programs focus on identifying, 

understanding and meeting stakeholders’ needs 

specific to their location. With the goal of identifying 

the right regional solutions for stakeholders, we access 

the depth and breadth of the lab’s world-class technical 

expertise. Combining this expertise with a 

comprehensive understanding of regulatory, political, 

social, economic, and market issues, our teams 

identify the key local barriers and help stakeholders to 

overcome them. NREL identifies, helps to create, 

supports, and facilitates networks of champions in all 

sectors. The Clean Cities program exemplifies this 

approach (see side bar). This foundational focus on 

local communities and same methodology are evident 

in other programs such as Wind Powering America 

(WPA), Solar America Cities (SAC), and Integrated 

Deployment. 

A driving principle of this approach is NREL’s historical knowledge that enables our teams to 

anticipate needs and potential barriers based on past experience in the full spectrum of 

deployment programs. A process of continuous analysis, and sharing best practices and lessons 

learned guides future solutions and provides an ever evolving set of offerings, such as training, 

outreach strategies, decision-support tools, and replicable models for transformation at the local 

level. 

Community Energy Tools Initiative 

Community energy and sustainability planners have expressed a need for a comprehensive 

resource to aid in their energy planning process and energy transformation efforts. With the 

understanding of the challenges state and local entities face in accessing a national lab such as 

NREL, we are developing an online resource to assist communities to plan, develop, and 

implement sustainability projects, known as the “Community Toolkit.” 

Clean Cities 

An initiative of VTP, Clean Cities is a 

public/private partnership that provides 

regional coalitions, technical data, web 

tools, resources, implementation support, 

and coordinated strategies for voluntary, 

community centered programs to achieve 

maximum petroleum reduction. Clean Cities 

contributes to the energy, environmental, 

and economic security of the United States 

by supporting local decisions to reduce 

dependence on imported petroleum, and to 

identify mutual interests, meet objectives, 

develop regional economic opportunities, 

and improve air quality. The Clean Cities 

partnership consists of nearly 100 coalitions 

working with 8,400 local stakeholders and 

continues to grow in both size and success. 
17 

This toolkit includes a 

searchable database of tools, 

case studies, and other technical 

resources intended to facilitate 

all aspects of these projects. The 

toolkit will also allow the user 

community to comment on the 

usefulness of the tool and 

contribute additional resources, 

fostering feedback and peer-topeer exchanges. With continuous 

feedback from the users, the 

tools and other resources in the 

toolkit will be updated 

appropriately to effectively meet 

user needs. 

NREL Forum and Dialogue 

For the first time in 2010, NREL 

convened a Clean Power Futures 

Forum. Key decision-makers and 

stakeholder representatives 

gathered to discuss the issues, 

challenges, and opportunities the 

electricity sector faces in the 21st 

Century related to achieving high 

penetration of renewable energy 

and energy efficiency in the power sector as well as fuel and transportation issues. Participants 

remarked on the breadth of stakeholder perspectives, depth of sophistication and knowledge, and 

high energy level around the table. Given NREL’s core mission, a key objective of the forum is 

to identify challenges and opportunities. Based on the positive response, NREL plans to make 

this an annual forum to help continuously refine and deepen our understanding of the challenges 

and opportunities associated with transformation the U.S. energy and fuel systems. The 

2011forum will focus on the fuels and transportation sector. 

Partnering with Governments 

NREL recognizes that strong and productive partnerships with state, local, and federal agencies

are essential to strategic deployment, innovation, and collaboration. Through combined efforts, 

NREL and its partners lead by example to implement, evaluate, and document projects, and 

thereby accelerate deployment through sharing of best practices. NREL employs a range of 

customized technical assistance mechanisms based on community and local market needs. When 

Figure 1: The underlying NREL process for supporting 

transforming energy systems as depicted here is the basis for 

our Community Toolkit.
18 

a state or local community’s need is highly technical and requires in-depth expertise, NREL 

delivers on-the-ground assistance and engages face-to-face with stakeholders. The need could be 

related to disaster response, as in Greensburg, KS, New Orleans, LA, or Haiti. Assistance often 

involves providing fundamental or in-depth technical knowledge, such as performing on-site 

assessments to determine best technology selection, design, and application or implementation of 

cost-effective and high performance projects. 

NREL also provides technology-specific project financing and development webinars to reach 

out to large federal, state, and local audiences. These are accomplished through the Federal 

Energy Management Program (FEMP), Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program (WIP), 

Wind Powering America (WPA), Solar America Cities (SAC), and other DOE programs. NREL 

supports the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) rural development deployment programs. 

We leveraged knowledge and experience from the lab’s work with USDA to the development 

and support of the U.S Department of Treasury’s ARRA Section 1603 Program that enables 

commercial entities to receive grants in lieu of tax credits for renewable technology projects. To 

date, the 1603 Program has issued $7.1 billion in grants and supported more than 10.5 GW of 

installed renewable electricity capacity. 

NREL has also established outreach programs that bring key decision-makers and market 

influencers to the laboratory to help them better understand energy efficiency and renewable 

energy. An example is NREL’s Executive Energy Leadership Program that provides an 

opportunity for non-technical decision-makers throughout the community to learn about 

technologies, analytical tools, and financing to help guide their energy related decisions and 

planning. NREL has received and is responding to requests to make this program available to 

other communities across the country. 

Measuring our Impact on Deployment: 

Metrics and Goals 

NREL supports most if not all of EERE’s 

deployment initiatives, and in many instances 

NREL has helped DOE create, design, and 

implement those initiatives, including Clean 

Cities, Wind Powering America, the Technical 

Assistance Program, Integrated Deployment, 

Solar Decathlon, and Solar America Cities. 

NREL works closely with DOE to establish and 

then work toward aggressive market adoption 

targets agreed upon by DOE and NREL, and 

typically vetted with other stakeholders. These 

metrics and goals are then incorporated into the 

Annual Operating Plan (AOP) for that 

Figure 2. NREL metrics demonstrate that Clean 

Cities has saved nearly 3 billion gallons of 

petroleum from 1993 to 2009.
19 

Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative: An Integrated 

Deployment Example

Goal: Achieve 70% Clean Energy by 2030 in Hawaii’s 

homes, businesses, and vehicles through energy 

efficiency and renewable energy. 

Results Since Initiated in 2008: 

• 40% RPS and 30% EEPS by 2030 (passed in 

2009) 

• 400 MW of wind through undersea cables 

under development 

• Electric-vehicle-ready grant and rebate 

program established 

• Residential and commercial building energy 

codes brought up to date

• Net zero energy community built at affordable 

living prices. 

deployment or market transformation program. For example, in Clean Cities, we have a CY2011 

target to displace 611 million gallons of petroleum-based gasoline in our transportation sector. In 

Wind, we have an agreed-upon goal to help increase the number of states with a minimum of 100 

MW of installed wind capacity, and to implement the Wind for Schools program in 11 states to 

support the training of university students. 

The Alliance for Sustainable Energy works with DOE to measure the overall performance of the 

management and operations of NREL each fiscal year. Progress towards deployment objectives 

are tracked in specific areas including how NREL leverages the federal investment in 

deployment funding; customer satisfaction with deployment-related products, services, and 

assistance; and the laboratory’s impact on accelerating market transformation.

Creating an Integrated Deployment Model 

In 2007, DOE requested NREL to help New Orleans rebuild with more efficient building 

technology after Hurricane Katrina. That project led to several, even more comprehensive energy 

deployment projects, which has resulted in DOE and NREL developing an energy deployment 

approach that addresses the entire energy system for any given location. The model, called

Integrated Deployment, has been developed and used at several locations, including cities, states, 

federal agencies, and island nations. To date, the model has been successful at any level and size 

as long as the major decision-makers and 

political leaders are committed to the effort. A 

common Integrated Deployment framework 

has evolved that enables a holistic approach

and results in transformation of the location’s 

energy system and energy usage. 

Integrated Deployment accelerates market 

adoption of energy efficiency and alternative 

energy solutions to power homes, businesses, 

and vehicles through a comprehensive and 

aggressive approach. To address the complex 

challenges of the multi-technology and multistakeholder problem, NREL created a process 

that not only supports deployment of each 

technology area, but also looks at the 

integration of all the various technologies.
20 

CONCLUSION

NREL, as a national resource, has the expertise to influence and help transform the clean energy 

economy. NREL is working to speed the commercialization of new clean energy technologies to 

the marketplace and expand the scale at which proven clean energy solutions are used. NREL’s 

commercialization and deployment activities employ an integrated approach to identify effective 

pathways to market and remove the barriers that impede successful adoption. We engage in a 

wide range of activities which are focused on to addressing existing barriers to technology 

transfer and market transformation. Our efforts support government at all levels, industry, small 

businesses, entrepreneurs, and renewable energy markets, among our many stakeholders. 

To learn more about these activities and programs visit: 

• NREL Applying Technologies web site: www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/

• NREL Commercialization and Technology Transfer web site: 

http://www.nrel.gov/technologytransfer/

• EERE Deployment web site: www.eere.energy.gov/deployment/index.html

• EERE Energy Innovation Portal web site: http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/
21 

APPENDIX A: SELECTED DOE AND NREL RESOURCES

The following provides a listing of resources developed by DOE and NREL that are frequently 

accessed to support deployment of energy efficiency and renewable energy efforts at the state 

and local level. 

Analytic Tool and Resources

Software 

BeOpt

The BeOpt tool is designed to identify the most cost-effective combinations of efficiency 

strategies for whole-house energy savings. 

www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/building_energy_optimization.html

HOMER

HOMER helps users design and analyze hybrid power systems, which contain a mix of 

conventional generators, cogeneration, wind turbines, solar photovoltaics, hydropower, batteries, 

fuel cells, hydropower, biomass and other inputs. This tool analyzes the variability of resources 

such as wind and solar and how they can be optimally integrated into hybrid systems. 

www.homerenergy.com/

In My Backyard (IMBY)

This tool estimates the electricity that can produced with a solar photovoltaic (PV) array or wind 

turbine installed in a home or business. Homeowners, businesses, and researchers use IMBY to 

develop quick estimates of renewable energy production at locations throughout the continental 

United States, Hawaii, and northern Mexico. 

www.nrel.gov/eis/imby/

Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) models

The Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) models help to estimate the economic 

impacts of constructing and operating power generation and biofuel plants at the local and state 

levels. JEDI analyzes concentrating solar power, photovoltaics, biofuels, coal and natural gas 

power plants. 

www.nrel.gov/analysis/jedi/

PVWatts 

NREL's PVWattsTM calculator determines the energy production and cost savings of gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) energy systems throughout the world. It allows homeowners, 

installers, manufacturers, and researchers to easily develop estimates of the performance of 

hypothetical PV installations.

www.nrel.gov/rredc/pvwatts/

System Advisor Model (SAM)

A performance and economic model designed to make performance predictions for gridconnected solar, small wind, and geothermal power systems and economic estimates for 

distributed energy and central generation projects. 
22 

Maps and Atlases 

NREL maps and atlases provide valuable insights into local conditions, including available 

resources and infrastructure, as well as potential demand. 

http://www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/maps_atlases.html

Find these resources on the NREL maps website:

BioFuels Atlas

An interactive map for comparing biomass feedstocks and biofuels by location. 

http://maps.nrel.gov/biomass

Fleet Atlas

An interactive map used by federal fleets to find alternative fuel stations near their fleet vehicle 

locations. 

http://maps.nrel.gov/fleetatlas

The Solar Power Prospector

 A mapping tool developed for the Solar Power industry. This tool helps developers site largescale solar plants by providing easy access to solar resource datasets and other data relevant to 

utility-scale solar power projects. 

http://maps.nrel.gov/prospector 

Trans Atlas 

Displays an interactive map of alternative fuel and vehicle data. 

http://maps.nrel.gov/transatlas

Community and State Resources

Community Energy Strategic Planning Academy 

Assistance for selected cities and counties to develop individualized, robust Community Energy 

Strategic Plans with concrete energy goals tailored for each community. 

http://www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/state_local_activities/cesp_academy.html

Community Greening: How to Develop a Strategic Energy Plan 

(DOE/GO-102010-2826) February 2010. This is a step-by-step guide for city leaders who want 

to develop a strategic electricity plan using policies that encourage energy efficiency and use of 

renewable energy in their community.

www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/pdfs/community_greening.pdf

Community Renewable Energy Development

This website provides case studies on five communities selected by DOE for renewable energy 

deployment projects in 2009. NREL provides the technical assistance to these communities to 

overcome a wide range of barriers to clean energy development. 

www.eere.energy.gov/commercialization/communityre/index.html
23 

Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE) 

This comprehensive source offers information on state, local, utility and federal incentives and 

policies that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency. 

www.dsireusa.org

EERE State Activities and Partnerships 

This website provides links to state energy statistics, state energy publications and websites, and 

state resource maps. 

http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/states/information_resources.cfm

Effective Community-Wide Policy Technical Assistance: The DOE/NREL Approach 

Doris, Elizabeth (NREL/BR-6A42-48689) November 2010. Provides lessons learned and 

provides a step-by-step process for implementing effective policy assistance. 

www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/state_local_activities/pdfs/48689.pdf

Integrated Deployment Model: A Comprehensive Approach to Transforming the Energy 

Economy 

Mary Werner (NREL/TP-7A20-49230). November 2010. This paper describes development of a 

comprehensive energy deployment approach that addresses the entire energy system for any 

given location. The Integrated Deployment model has been developed and used at several 

locations, including cities, states, federal agencies, and island nations. 

www.eere.energy.gov/deployment/pdfs/49230.pdf. 

Solar America Communities 

Provides resources to help state and local entities integrate solar technologies into their 

communities. 

www.solaramericacommunities.energy.gov/

State and Local Clean Energy Policy Analyses 

This website provides resources that analyze the effectiveness of state energy policies, and 

evaluate the role of policy in clean energy development. 

www.nrel.gov/CEPA

Tribal Energy Program 

This Web site provides information about Native American renewable energy and energy 

efficiency projects that have been funded by DOE. It includes case studies, information on 

business opportunities and project financing, and other resources to help tribes with their energy 

projects.

http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy/

Technical Assistance Program Blog

This blog is a platform where the audience can learn from technical and programmatic experts 

and share best practices about their renewable energy and energy efficiency programs.

www.eereblogs.energy.gov/tap/ 

Technical Assistance Program Webinars

This site provides presentations on state and local clean energy policy analyses, project financing 

mechanisms, and applying renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies to drive market 
24 

growth. 

www.nrel.gov/applying_technologies/state_local_activities/webinars.html

Technical Assistance Solution Center Services

This is a portal through which SEP and EECBG recipients can access a network of experts for 

assistance with their renewable energy and energy efficiency policies and programs. 

www1.eere.energy.gov/wip/solutioncenter/technical_assistance.html

Federal Assessment Tools and Training 

The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) provides several resources for federal 

agencies that also have applicability for state and local agencies. Visit 

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/index.html. 

Software

The Building Life-Cycle Cost (BLCC)

This program analyzes capital investments in buildings. 

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_blcc.html

EnergyPlus

This simulation program helps building designers and owners save money, reduce energy and 

improve indoor air quality.

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_energyplus.html

FEDS 6.0 

The Facility Energy Decision System provides a comprehensive integrated resource planning 

approach to selecting technologies with a minimum life-cycle cost.

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_feds.html

WATERGY 3.0

A spreadsheet model that uses water/energy relationship assumptions to analyze the potential of 

water savings and associated energy savings.

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_watergy.html

Training 

FEMP offers extensive selection of online training and topical webinars to help energy managers 

increase this knowledge and expertise on the latest energy requirements, best practices, and 

technologies. 

http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/femp/training/
25 

Technology Resources

Buildings 

Building America 

This program provides guidance for reducing energy use in existing and new homes, including 

the DOE Building America Guides that show how to achieve 40% energy savings in various 

climates. www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/

Fuels and Transportation 

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center 

The Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) provides a wide range of 

information and resources to enable the use of alternative fuels, in addition to other petroleum 

reduction options such as advanced vehicles, fuel blends, idle reduction, and fuel economy.

Visit: www.afdc.energy.gov. 

Find these resources on the AFDC:

Data Downloads 

Allows users to download raw data from the database. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/data_download/

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Locator

Allows users to search for diesel exhaust fluid distributors using Google maps. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/def/

Fleet Experiences Search 

Pulls fleet experience stories for display by category, fuel/technology type, and application. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fleets/fleet_experiences.html

Fuel Properties Search 

Allows user to create a custom chart of fuel properties by selecting from a list of fuels and 

properties. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/properties.html

Heavy-Duty Vehicle Search 

Find and compare heavy-duty alternative fuel vehicles, engines, or hybrid propulsion systems 

and generate printable reports. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/search/heavy/

Incentives and Laws Search

Allows users to browse and search the database of federal and state laws and incentives. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/

Light-Duty Vehicle Search 

Find and compare light-duty alternative fuel vehicles and generate printable reports. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/search/light/
26 

Petroleum Reduction Planning Tool 

Allows fleets, consumers, and business owners to create a strategy to reduce fuel use. Users can 

login as a guest without a password or register to create and save their scenarios. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/prep/index.php

Related Links Search

Returns a list of related links stored in the database by category. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/related_links.html

Publications Search 

Allows users to search the citations database of thousands of documents. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/progs/pubs.php

State Information Search 

Allows users to select a state from the map to display state-specific information about that state. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/states/

Station Locator 

Allows users to search for alternative fuel stations using Google maps. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/stations/

Stations Custom Query

Allows users to create a custom query to search for alternative fuel stations. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/stations_query.html

Station Counts 

Creates a listing of alternative fuel station counts by state and fuel type. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/stations_counts.html

Truck Stop Electrification Site Locator 

Allows users to search for truck stop electrification locations using Google maps. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/tse/

Videos

Displays a list of videos by category or allows the user to use a search feature to find a specific 

video. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/videos/
27 

Clean Cities

Clean Cities advances the nation's economic, environmental, and energy security by supporting 

local actions to reduce petroleum consumption in transportation. A national network of nearly 

100 Clean Cities coalitions brings together stakeholders in the public and private sectors to 

deploy alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, 

and emerging transportation technologies. Visit cleancities.energy.gov. 

Find these resources on the Clean Cities website:

Clean Cities Coalition Locations 

Displays a map of Clean Cities coalition locations with a listing of coalitions below the map 

generated from the coalitions database table. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/coalitions/coalition_locations.php

Clean Cities Coordinators 

Displays a listing of Clean Cities coordinators and their contact information from the database. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/coalitions/coalition_contacts.php

Clean Cities Solicitations 

Pulls the Clean Cities solicitations list for display on the web page. 

www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/current_opportunities.php

Wind 

Wind Powering America 

Wind Powering America is a nationwide initiative designed to increase the use of wind energy 

across the United States by working with regional stakeholders. State-by-state breakdowns of 

wind resource potential, success stories, installed wind capacity, news, events, and other 

resources are updated regularly. Visit www.windpoweringamerica.gov/. 

Find these resources on the Wind Powering America website:

Agricultural Sector, Native Americans, Schools, Economic Development and Policy 

Resource and Tools

These pages list resources and tools for specific wind development sectors. As an example: 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/agricultural/tools.asp

News and RSS Feeds

Provides access to Wind Powering America electronic newsletter subscription and RSS feeds. 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/news/

Resources and Tools 

Provides links to wind maps, wind energy videos, podcasts, publications, news, wind-related 

events, and past events with which Wind Powering America was involved. 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/tools.asp
28 

State Wind Activities 

Provides a clickable map of state level Wind Powering America activities. 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/state_activities.asp

Success Stories 

A listing of Wind Powering America success stories 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/success_stories.asp 

Wind Working Groups

A clickable map provides contact information about states that have wind working groups. 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_working_groups.asp

Wind Resources

Provides high-resolution wind maps and estimates of the wind resource potential that would be 

possible from development of the available windy land areas after excluding areas unlikely to be 

developed. 

Wind for Schools 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_maps.asp

This goal of this project is to install small wind turbines at rural elementary and secondary 

schools (hosts) while developing Wind Application Centers at higher education institutions. 

www.windpoweringamerica.gov/schools_wfs_project.asp