201 0- 201 1- 2012 GHGRP Industry Profiles Overview



## GHGRP **2012 O**  **VERVIEW OF** 

## R **E PORTED**  

## D **ATA**



### Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Background As directed by Congress, EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) collects annual greenhouse gas information from the top emitting sectors of the U.S. economy (Table 1). The GHGRP is the only dataset containing facility

- level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data from major industrial sources across the United States. With three years of reporting for most sectors, GHGRP data are providing important new information on industrial emissions

— showing variation in emissions across facilities within an industry, variation in industrial emissions across geographic areas, and changes in emissions over time at the sector and facility level. EPA is using this facility

level data to improve estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions, including using it to improve the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory . The data are also being used to inform regulatory actions a nd voluntary emission reduction efforts.

This document summarizes national industrial sector emissions and trends.

**Table 1 :**  **GHGRP Sector Classifications**

**Power Plants Refineries**  **Chemicals Fluorinated**  **Chemicals Waste** 

− Electricity

Generation − Petroleum Refineries − Adipic Acid Production

− Ammonia Manufacturing

− Hydrogen Production

− Nitric Acid Production

− Phosphoric Acid Production

− Petrochemical Production

− Silicon Carbide Production

− Titanium Dioxide Production

− Other Chemicals Production − Fluorinated
Gas Production

− HCFC- 22

Production/
HFC- 23
Destruction − Municipal Landfills

− Industrial

Waste Landfills

− Industrial

Wastewater
Treatment

− Solid Waste

Combustion

**Metals Minerals**  **Pulp & Paper Petroleum & Natural Gas**  **Systems –**  **Direct Emissions**

− Aluminum Production

− Ferroalloy Production

− Iron & Steel Production

− Lead Production

− Zinc Production

− Magnesium Production

− Other Metals

Production − Cement Production

− Glass Production

− Lime

Manufacturing

− Soda Ash

Manufacturing

− Other Minerals

Production − Chemical Pulp & Paper Manufacturing

− Other Paper

Producers − Onshore Production

− Offshore Production

− Natural Gas Processing

− Natural Gas

Transmission/Com pression

− Natural Gas Distribution

− Unde rground Natural Gas

Storage

− Liquefied Natural Gas Storage

− Liquefied Natural Gas

Import/Export

− Other Petroleum and Natural

Gas Systems All greenhouse gas data presented here reflect the most recent information reported to EPA as of 09/01/2013 . The reported emissions exclude biogenic CO 2 unless otherwise noted.

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**Other Electrical**  **Equipment Electronics**  **Manufacturing Mining** 

− Stationary Fuel

Combustion at facilities that are not part of any other sector, including Food Processing, Ethanol Production, General Manufacturing, Universities, Military Installations, Others − Electrical Equipment Manufacture & Refurbishment

− Electrical

Transmission and Distribution Equipment Use − Electronics Manufacturing − Underground Coal Mines

**Carbon Dioxide Supply and Injection**  **Petroleum Product Suppliers**  **Natural Gas and Natural Gas**  **Liquids Suppliers Industrial Gas Suppliers** 

− Suppliers of CO 2

− Injection of CO 2

− Geologic Sequestration

of CO 2 − Suppliers of Coal

Based Liquid Fuels

− Suppliers of

Petroleum Products − Fractionators of Natural Gas Liquids

− Local Natural Gas

Distribution Companies − Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases

− Imports and Exports of

Equipment Pre

– charged with Fluorinated GHGs or Containing Fluorinated GHGs in Closed

– cell Foams

T he GHGRP does not represent total U.S. GHG emissions, but provides facility level data for large sources of direct emissions , thus including the majority of U.S. GHG emissions . The GHGRP data collected from direct emitters represent about half of all U.S. emissions. When including greenhouse gas information reported by suppliers to the GHGRP, emissions coverage reaches approximately 85

- 90% (Se e Figure 1). The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Si nks: 1990

- 201 2 contains information on all GHG emissions sources and sinks in the United States

.

Learn more about the differences between the Inventory and the GHGRP.

2201 0- 201 1- 2012 GHGRP Industry Profiles Overview

**Figure 1 :**  **U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory and the**  **Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program**

Su ppliers are those entities that supply products into the economy that, if combusted, released, or oxidized, would emit GHGs into the atmosphere. Emissions associated with these fuels and industrial gases do not occur at the supplier’s facility but instea d occur throughout the country, wherever they are used. An example of this is gasoline, which is supplied into the U.S. economy by a relatively small number of entities and consumed by many individual vehicles throughout the country. The majority of GHG em issions associated with the transportation, residential, and commercial sectors are accounted for by these suppliers. This document focuses on data reported by direct emitters. Data reported by suppliers can be viewed through the suppliers section of the Facility Level Information on GreenHouse gases Tool ( FLIGHT ).

**Table 2 :**  **Overview of GHG Data Reported (2012)**

**Direct emitters** Number of facilities that reported direct GHG emissions 7,809

Direct emissions reported (billion metric tons CO 2 e) 3.13

**Suppliers of fuel and industrial gases**

Number of suppliers 937 **Carbon dioxide injection**

Number of carbon dioxide injection facilities 87

Number of carbon dioxide sequestration facilities 0

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### Who Reports?
For 2012, 7,80 9 direct emitters submitted a GHG report. The Petroleum and Natural G as Systems
sector had the largest number of reporting facilities, followed by the P ower P lant s S ector and the W aste S ector. Among suppliers, S uppliers of Natural G as and Natural G as L iquids had the largest number of report ing facilities

.

**Table 3 :**  **Number of Direct Emitters that Reported (2012)**

**Industry Sector**  **Number of Reporters**  **1**

Power Plants 1,611 Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems 2,058

Refineries 144
Chemicals 463
Fluorinated Chemicals 16

Non

- fluorinated Chemicals 447

Waste 1,611
Metals 297
Minerals 369 Pulp and Paper 232
Other 1,419 Underground Coal Mines 151 Electrical Equipment Production & Use 129 Electronics Manufacturing 53

Other Combustion 1,090

**1** Totals sum to more than 7

, 809 because facilities with production processes in more than one
sector are counted multiple times

.

**Ta ble 4**  **: Number of Suppliers that Reported (2012)** 

**Supply Sector Number of**  **Reporters 2**  Suppliers of Coal

- Based Liquid Fuels 1 Suppliers of Petroleum Products 234 Suppliers of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids

Natural Gas Distribution 365 Natural Gas Liquids Fractionation 119 Suppliers of Industrial GHGs

Industrial GHGs 58 Imports and Exports of Equipment Pre

– charged with Fluorinated GHGs or Containing Fluorinated GHGs in Closed

– cell Foams 44

Suppliers of Carbon Dioxide 137

2 Totals sum to more than 883, because suppliers that fall into more than one sector are counted multiple times

.

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### Reported Emissions
All GHG emissions data, displayed in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) reflect the global warming potential (GWP) values from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change (Second Assessment Report (SAR), Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge Universi ty Press). The SAR values also can be found in the version of Table A

- 1 to 40 CFR part 98, published in the Federal Register on October 30, 2009 (74 FR 56395).

In 2012, 3.13 billion metric tons CO 2 e were reported by direct emitters. The largest emitting s ector was the Power Plant Sector with 2.09 billion metric tons CO 2 e, followed by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems Sector with 217 million metric tons (MMT) CO 2 e and the Petroleum Refinery Sector with 173 MMT CO 2 e. This information, as well as average emissions per reporter, is shown in Figure 2

. **Figure 2: Direct GHG Emissions Reported by Sector (2012)**

Click here to view this information in FLIGHT.

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### E **mission Trends** National level trends in greenhouse gas emissions are available through the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990

- 201 2 . The Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program collects information from the largest stationary sources in the U.S. and provides nearly complete emissions coverage for many of the largest emitting industries. Di scussion of the trend in reported emissions from 2010 (or in some cases 2011) to 2012 from individual industries that report to the GHGRP is included in the industry specific reports.

While total U.S. emissions decreased by 1.8 % from 2010 to 2011, e missions reported to the GHGRP increased over this period (Table 5)

. The increase occurred because 12 source categories were required to begin report ing for the first time in 2011

. For these industries, 2011 is the appropriate base year for determining trends in reported emissions. T rends for other sectors can be determined using GHGRP data beginning in 2010 (Figure 3)

.

T otal U.S. emissions decreased by 3. 4 % from 2011 to 2012 based on the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990

- 2012 ( April 2014 ). For facilities that reported to the GHGRP in 2011 and 2012 , emissions declined by 4. 5% (Table 5). This decline was driven by a 4.7% decline in emissions from power plants. In the two years since reporting began, emissions from power plants have decreased 10 percent.

**Table 5**  **: Emissions Trends for U.S. GHG Inventory and GHGRP**  **(201 0-**  **2012)**

**2010 2011**  **2012 U.S. GHG Inventory** 
Total emissions (million metric tons CO 2 e) 6,848.6 6,726.6 6,501.5

Percent change in emissions from previous year -- - 1.8%

- 3. 4 %

**GHGRP**
Number of d irect

- e mitting f acilities 6,267 7,612 1 7,809

Direct e missions (million metric tons CO 2 e) 3,180 3,275 1 3,129

Percent change in emissions from previous year -- -- - 4.5%

1 Twelve additional source categories began reporting in 2011.

**T able**  **6 : Emission Trends by Sector (2010** 

**- 2012)** 

**Sector 2010 Emissions**  **(MMT CO 2**  **e) 2011 Emissions**  **(MMT CO 2**  **e) 1**  **2012 Emissions (MMT CO**  **2 e)** 
Power Plants 2,33 0.8 2,22 1.9 2,090 .0
Oil & Gas NR 2 09.8 217 .1
Refineries 17 7.7 17 7.9 173 .3
Chemicals NR 178 .4 170 .4
Fluorinated Chemicals NR 1 3.9 11.7

Non

- fluorinated Chemicals 156 .0 16 4. 5 15 8.7

Waste NR 9 8.8 99.9
Metals NR 112 .3 10 6.8

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Minerals 101 .1 103 .2 107 .5 Pulp & Paper 4 5.8 4 3.8 42 .1
Other NR 12 8. 9 12 2.8 Underground Coal Mines NR 29.9 2 7.7 Electrical Equipment Production & Use NR 4.5 3.6

Electronics Manufacturing NR 5.6 5.1
Other Combustion 89 .2 8 8. 9 86 .4

1 Twelve additional source categories began reporting in 2011. NR means that emissions are not shown for the 2010 reporting year for sectors in which some source categories in the sector were not required to be reported in 2010.

**F igure 3: Trends in Direct GHG Emissions (**  **2010**

**- 2012)** 

Click here to view this information in FLIGHT

.
(1) In reporting year 2011, emissions for some processes in this sector were reported for the first time. (2) Non

- fluorinated Chemicals and Fluorinated Chemicals are components of “Chemicals” in FLIGHT. (3) Other Combustion , Underground Coal Mines, Electron ics Manufacturing and Electrical Equipment Production & Use comprise “Other” in FLIGHT.

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### E **missions by GHG** Carbon dioxide represent ed 9 2.2 % of the GHGs reported in 2012. The reported 2.89 billion metric tons represents about 5 4% 1 of total U.S. CO 2 emissions. Reported methane emissions were 192.0 MMT CO 2 e of methane, representing about 3 4% 1 of total U.S. methane emissions. Facilities reported 29.5 MMT CO 2 e of N 2 O, representing about 7% 1 of total U.S. N 2 O emissions. Finally, reported emissions of flu orinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 ) represent about 1 3% 1 of U.S. emissions of these compounds.

**Figure 4 :**  **Direct Emissions by GHG (2012)** 

The table below lists the primary sectors emitting each GHG

.

**Table 7:**  **Largest Sources of GHG Emissions**
**Greenhouse Gas**  **S ource Categories**  **Contributing Most to Emissions**  **1 Sectors Contributing Most to**  **Emissions**

CO 2 Electricity Generation (D), Stationary Combustion (C) Power Plants

CH 4 Municipal Landfills (HH), Petroleum & Natural Gas Systems (W) Waste, Petroleum & Natural Gas Systems

N 2 O Nitric Acid Production (V), Electricity Generation (D), Adipic Acid Production (E) Chemicals, Power Plants

SF 6 SF 6 from Electrical Equipment (DD), Magnesium Production (T) Other, Metals

NF 3 Electronics Manufacturers (I) Other

1 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Sinks: 1990

- 2012 (April 2014)

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**Greenhouse Gas**  **S ource Categories**  **Contributing Most to Emissions**  **1 Sectors Contributing Most to**  **Emissions**

HFCs HCFC

– 22 Production and HFC

– 23 Destruction (O) Chemicals

PFCs Aluminum Production (F), Electronics Manufacturers (I) Metals, Other

1 These source categories account for 75 percent or more of the reported emissions of the corresponding GHG. The subpart under which the emissions were reported is shown in parenthes e s.



### G **eographic Distribution of Emissions**
**Figure 5: Location and Total Reported Emissions**  **from GHGRP Facilities (2012)** 

Th is map shows the locations of direct

- emitting facilities. The size of a circle corresponds to the quantity of emissions reported by that facility. There are also facilities located in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam

.

Reader s can identify facilities in their state, territory, county , or city by visiting FLIGHT ( http://ghgdata.epa.gov/ghgp/main.do ).

Because it generally applies to facilities that emit greater than 25,000 metric tons CO 2 e per year, the GHGRP provides total reported emissions from large stationary sources in each state. Figure 6 shows t he reported emissions in each state broken out by industrial sector.

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**Figure 6: Direct GHG Emissions by State and Sector (2012)**

Click here to view this information in FLIGHT.

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### Emissions Range
The GHGRP provides a comprehensive dataset that can be used to determine the number of facilities at various emissions levels in many industr y sectors

. The GHGRP can also be used to determine the total GHG emissions from individual facilities , including emissions fr om fossil fuel combustion and other processes. This information is valuable for planning future policies. GHGRP data provide policy makers with a better understanding of the number of facilities and total emissions that would be covered by potential GHG re duction policies for various industries.

**F igure**  **7: Percentage of**  **All Reporting Facilities at Various Emission Ranges (**  **2012)**

Ei ghty percent of reporting facilities had emissions less than 250,000 metric tons CO 2 e. In 2012, the 650 largest- emitting facilities

— those emitting more than 1,00 0,000 metric tons CO 2 e— accounted for almost 2. 3 billion metric tons CO 2 e. These emissions represent 7 3 % of the total 3.13 billion metric tons CO 2 e reported. These high

- emitting facilities are mainly P ower P lants, but also include Petroleum R efineries, and facilities in the C hemicals and Metals s ectors.

You can use FLIGHT to list and sort facilities based on total reported emissions and find the largest emitting facilities in the country or a specific state or county. This tool also allows you to sort facilities by specific industry types.

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**Figure 8: Facility Emission Ranges (2012)**



### GHG C **alculation Methods Used** The GHGRP prescribes methodologies that must be used to determine GHG emissions from each source category. Reporters generally have the flexibility to choose among several methods to comput e GHG emissions. The decision of which meth od to use may be influenced by the existing environmental monitoring systems in place and other factors. Reporters can change emission calculation methods from year to year and within the same year, as long as they meet the requirements for use of the meth od selected. A dditional information on the methodologies that reporters use to determine GHG emissions is available here

. 

### R **eport Verification** All reports submitted to EPA are evaluated by electronic validation and verification checks. If potential errors are identified, EPA will notify the reporter, who can resolve the issue either by providing an acceptable response describing why the flagged issue is not an error or by correcting the flagged issue and resubmitting their annual GHG report. Additional information describing EPA’s verification process in more details is available here

.

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### For More Information For more detailed information from each industrial sector, view the GHGRP Data Highlights and select an industry from the text box on the right hand side.

Use FLIGHT to view maps of facility locations, obtain summary data for individual facilities, create customized searchers, and display searc h results graphically.

Downloadable spreadsheets containing summary data reported to the GHGRP from each reporter are available on the Data Downloads page.
All other publicly available dat a submitted to the GHGRP are available for download through Envirofacts

.

Th e U.S. Greenhouse Gas I nventory con tains info rm ation o n a ll sources of G HG e missions and sinks in t he United S tates from 1 990 t o 2 01 2

.

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