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[Congressional Bills 106th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5533 Introduced in House (IH)]

106th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 5533

To increase the United States financial and programmatic contributions 
  to advancing the status of women and girls in low-income countries 
               around the world, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            October 24, 2000

   Mrs. Morella (for herself, Mrs. Lowey, Mr. Porter, Ms. Millender-
McDonald, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Brown of Ohio, Ms. Kilpatrick, Mrs. Maloney 
 of New York, Ms. Norton, Mr. Pomeroy, and Ms. Woolsey) introduced the 
 following bill; which was referred to the Committee on International 
 Relations, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a 
 period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for 
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the 
                          committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To increase the United States financial and programmatic contributions 
  to advancing the status of women and girls in low-income countries 
               around the world, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Global Action and 
Investments for New Success for Women and Girls Act of 2000'' or 
``GAINS Act of 2000''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
  TITLE I--INTEGRATION OF WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES OF DEVELOPING 
                               COUNTRIES

Sec. 101. Findings.
Sec. 102. Requirement to integrate women into national economies of 
                            developing countries.
Sec. 103. Annual report.
Sec. 104. Authorization of appropriations for Office of Women in 
                            Development (WID).
Sec. 105. United States contribution to the United Nations Development 
                            Fund for Women (UNIFEM).
             TITLE II--IMPACT OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON WOMEN

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Advisory Committee for Trade, Gender, and Development Policy.
Sec. 203. Advisory Committee on Trade Policy.
Sec. 204. Review of United States trade agreements.
Sec. 205. Assessment of unremunerated work.
  TITLE III--ENSURING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Sec. 301. Investing in women's skills and knowledge.
Sec. 302. Microenterprise development grant assistance.
Sec. 303. Microfinance loan facility.
Sec. 304. Report relating to future development of microfinance 
                            institutions.
    TITLE IV--PROMOTION OF HEALTH OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN DEVELOPING 
                               COUNTRIES

Sec. 401. Family planning and reproductive health and rights.
Sec. 402. Maternal health programs.
Sec. 403. Prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Sec. 404. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Sec. 405. Health of children.
                     TITLE V--HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN

Sec. 501. Assistance to eliminate discrimination against women.
Sec. 502. Prevention of trafficking in women and children.
Sec. 503. Ratification of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of 
                            Discrimination Against Women.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Economic globalization is leaving the world's poorest 
        women, girls, and communities behind. Women and their children 
        make up more than 70 percent of the 1,300,000,000 poorest 
        people today. United States international economic policies, 
        particularly in the areas of trade liberalization and debt 
        relief for developing countries, should help create a positive 
        environment for women's economic empowerment and gender 
        equality.
            (2) As the complexity of the global economy increases, so 
        too does the important role of women. Women comprise 
        approximately 75 percent of workers in the ``shadow'', or 
        informal economy, and constitute an ever-greater share of the 
        workforce in developing countries. Many studies have proven 
        that women's earnings are directly invested in the education, 
        health, and welfare of their children.
            (3) The United States has not taken adequate steps to 
        implement its commitments made at the United Nations Fourth 
        World Conference on Women in its foreign policy and 
        international assistance programs. For example, the United 
        States has not implemented Strategic Objective A1 of the 
        Platform for Action, ``[to] [r]eview, adopt, and maintain 
        macroeconomic policies and development strategies that address 
        the needs and efforts of women in poverty'', nor has it 
        implemented strategic objective K2 of the Platform for Action, 
        ``[to] [i]ntegrate gender concerns and perspectives in policies 
        and programmes for sustainable development''.
            (4) No one sectoral intervention is sufficient to create 
        the environment in which women and girls can thrive 
        economically and socially. Investments are necessary in 
        multiple areas, including education and training, health care 
        (including access to safe and effective family planning and 
        reproductive health services, maternal health care, and 
        children's health), HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, 
        tuberculosis treatment, microcredit, human rights, violence 
        prevention, and anti-trafficking.

  TITLE I--INTEGRATION OF WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES OF DEVELOPING 
                               COUNTRIES

SEC. 101. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) For nearly three decades, the United States has been a 
        leader in creating and supporting bilateral and multilateral 
        women in development policies and programs. In 1974, the United 
        States Agency for International Development (USAID) established 
        the Office of Women in Development (WID). This Office has 
        served as a focal point for increasing the effectiveness of 
        United States development efforts by taking gender issues into 
        account throughout all phases of development-planning, 
        implementation, and evaluation.
            (2) Gender equality is a core development issue that 
        enhances United States global interests. Comprehensive policies 
        and programs of the Office of Women in Development reflect the 
        reality that women around the world play critical roles in 
        economic growth and development, and their contributions 
        reverberate from the global economy all the way down to the 
        poorest households. Investments in women's education, economic 
        opportunities, political participation, and health care yield 
        high returns for women, their families, and their communities.

SEC. 102. REQUIREMENT TO INTEGRATE WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES OF 
              DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

    (a) Part II of Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Section 113(a) of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151k(a)) is amended by 
inserting after ``this part'' the following: `` and part II of this Act 
(including chapter 4 of such part)''.
    (b) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989.--
            (1) In general.--The Support for East European Democracy 
        (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.) is amended by 
        inserting after section 3 the following:

``SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES.

    ``In recognition of the fact that women in developing countries 
play a significant role in economic production, family support, and the 
overall development process of the national economies of such 
countries, this Act shall be administered so as to give particular 
attention to those programs, projects, and activities which tend to 
integrate women into the national economies of developing countries, 
thus improving their status and assisting the total development 
effort.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents of such 
        Act (22 U.S.C. 5401(a) note) is amended by inserting after the 
        item relating to section 3 the following:

Sec. 4. Integrating women into national economies.
    (c) Public Law 480.--The Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 3 the following:

``SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES.

    ``In recognition of the fact that women in developing countries 
play a significant role in economic production, family support, and the 
overall development process of the national economies of such 
countries, this Act shall be administered so as to give particular 
attention to those programs, projects, and activities which tend to 
integrate women into the national economies of developing countries, 
thus improving their status and assisting the total development 
effort.''.

SEC. 103. ANNUAL REPORT.

    The Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall prepare and submit to the Congress an annual report 
on the extent to which the requirements contained in section 113(a) of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 4 of the Support for East 
European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, and section 4 of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (each as 
added by section 102 of this Act) are being carried out.

SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR OFFICE OF WOMEN IN 
              DEVELOPMENT (WID).

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development $15,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2001 and each subsequent fiscal year for programs, 
projects, and activities of the Office of Women in Development of such 
Agency.

SEC. 105. UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT 
              FUND FOR WOMEN (UNIFEM).

    (a) In General.--The President is authorized to make a voluntary 
contribution on a grant basis to the United Nations Development Fund 
for Women (UNIFEM).
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the President $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 to carry 
out subsection (a).

             TITLE II--IMPACT OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON WOMEN

SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) At a time of unparalleled global economic growth, the 
        majority of women are being left behind. According to the 
        United Nations Development Program, globalization has brought 
        enormous wealth to some, but has also increased economic 
        inequality within and between nations.
            (2)(A) Women contribute to and are affected by trade as 
        workers, businesswomen, farmers, producers, and consumers.
            (B) As workers, women comprise between 70-90 percent of the 
        labor force in the Export-Processing Zones (EPZs) assembling 
        garments, textiles, or electronics for export abroad.
            (C) Women own between one-fourth and one-third of all 
        businesses worldwide and 39 percent of such businesses are 
        involved in international trade.
            (D) Women farmers accounted for 62 percent of total female 
        employment in low-income countries in 1990.
            (E) Women handicraft producers who make and sell their 
        textiles, jewelry, and ceramics locally and globally comprise 
        70 percent of craft-workers in Latin America.
            (F) As consumers, women decide what to buy (or obtain) to 
        provide their family with food, water, clothes, and shelter.
            (3)(A) United States trade policy and development policy 
        should be linked with the goal of improving women's social and 
        economic status.
            (B) Enhancing women's status not only improves individual 
        lives, but also eliminates market inefficiencies and leads to 
        greater economic growth and trade.
            (C) The United States should ensure that its development 
        policies and trade policies contribute to widespread, 
        equitable, and sustainable economic growth for all and 
        incorporate a sensitivity to the needs of women around the 
        world.

SEC. 202. ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR TRADE, GENDER, AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the United States Trade Representative shall 
establish within the Office of the United States Trade Representative 
an Advisory Committee for Trade, Gender, and Development Policy 
(hereafter in this section referred to as the ``Advisory Committee'').
    (b) Membership.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of 
members, appointed by the Trade Representative, who shall be 
representatives from women's organizations, private and voluntary 
organizations, the Office of the United States Trade Representative, 
the Department of Labor, and the United States Agency for International 
Development.
    (c) Duties.--The Advisory Committee, in conjunction with the 
entities described in section 204--
            (1) shall assess the impact of all current and future 
        United States bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on 
        women in accordance with such section; and
            (2) shall make recommendations to the Trade Representative 
        based upon assessments made pursuant to paragraph (1).

SEC. 203. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TRADE POLICY.

    (a) Appointment of 2 Additional Members.--Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the United States Trade 
Representative shall appoint 2 additional members to the Advisory 
Committee on Trade Policy of the Office of the United States Trade 
Representative (hereafter in this section referred to as the ``Advisory 
Committee'').
    (b) Qualifications.--Of the members of the Advisory Committee 
appointed pursuant to subsection (a)--
            (1) 1 shall have expertise in gender issues; and
            (2) 1 shall have expertise in international development 
        issues.

SEC. 204. REVIEW OF UNITED STATES TRADE AGREEMENTS.

    (a) Review.--The United States Trade Representative, the Secretary 
of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, in conjunction with the Advisory Committee for Trade, 
Gender, and Development Policy (established under section 202) and 
interested nongovernmental organizations, shall carry out a review of--
            (1) the impact of each United States bilateral and 
        multilateral trade agreement on the employment of women, 
        women's earnings, women's work conditions, the opportunities 
        for advancement by women in the formal and informal sectors, 
        and women's health, well-being, and educational opportunities; 
        and
            (2) the relationship between United States development 
        assistance policies carried out by the United States Agency for 
        International Development and United States trade policies 
        carried out by the Office of the United States Trade 
        Representative, including the extent to which issues relating 
        to gender are integrated into United States negotiation 
        positions relating to trade agreements.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which a 
United States bilateral or multilateral trade agreement is formally 
submitted to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification, the 
individuals and entities referred to in subsection (a) shall prepare 
and submit to Congress a report that contains--
            (1) the results of the review conducted pursuant to 
        subsection (a) with respect to the trade agreement; and
            (2) recommendations, if any, for changes in United States 
        development assistance programs to ensure that women can take 
        advantage of new opportunities created by United States trade 
        agreements and respond to the needs of women who may be 
        adversely affected.

SEC. 205. ASSESSMENT OF UNREMUNERATED WORK.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) The United Nations estimates that the global value of 
        women's unpaid work--maintaining a household, caring for 
        children and the elderly, and building community ties--is equal 
        to $11,000,000,000 per year. Yet, these positive benefits are 
        excluded from the market which leads to an over-use of women's 
        labor.
            (2) The United Nations notes that the responsibility for 
        childcare lies mainly with women. This unpaid work affects 
        women's employment opportunities, opportunities for 
        advancement, and social development.
    (b) Calculation of Monetary Value of Unremunerated Work.--The 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, acting through the heads of the regional bureaus of such 
Agency as well as the heads of the offices of population and women in 
development of such Agency, and the Secretary of State, acting through 
the head of the Bureau of Refugee Programs, shall periodically conduct 
time use surveys of unremunerated work performed in foreign countries, 
including surveys to determine the approximate monetary value of such 
unremunerated work.
    (c) Methods of Calculation.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development and the Secretary of State shall 
jointly submit to the Congress a report that describes the methods by 
which the Administrator and Secretary will conduct time use surveys of 
unremunerated work pursuant to subsection (b).
    (d) Reports.--At least once every three years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development and the Secretary of State shall jointly 
submit to the Congress a report that contains a summary of the surveys 
conducted pursuant to subsection (b) for the prior 3-year period.
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``unremunerated work'' 
includes household work, work related to child care and other care 
services, agricultural work, work related to food production, work 
related to family businesses, and volunteer work.

  TITLE III--ENSURING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SEC. 301. INVESTING IN WOMEN'S SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Investing in girls' education is one of the most 
        effective means of promoting economic growth and poverty 
        reduction. Educating girls has a significant impact on long-
        term development objectives,  and has been proven to result in 
reduced family size, reduced rates of infant and maternal mortality, 
increased wages, improved family health, and improved educational 
status for the next generation.
            (2) Girls account for two-thirds of the 125,000,000 
        children not in primary schools and millions of girls suffer in 
        poor learning environments that enforce gender stereotypes. 
        Girls are less likely to complete school than are boys and the 
        mean achievement level of girls is 40 percent lower than that 
        of boys.
            (3) Access to education is the most critical prerequisite 
        to the participation of women and girls in the global economy. 
        United States investments in education and training in the new 
        century must provide the required skills for an increasingly 
        knowledge-intensive and global economy. In particular, women 
        and girls need access to and skills in information 
        technologies.
    (b) Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Section 105 of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151c) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(c)(1) The Congress reaffirms the goals established by the 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the United 
Nations of achieving global gender equity in education by 2005 and 
achieving universal access to basic education by 2015.
    ``(2) Assistance provided under this section shall be used to 
support activities that promote gender equity and increased access to 
quality education for girls and women in developing and transitional 
countries. Such activities may include, but are not limited to--
            ``(A) support for policy reform, such as encouraging 
        governments to locate schools closer to communities and 
        providing appropriate facilities, reducing the cost of 
        schooling, and recruiting female teachers;
            ``(B) assistance in mobilizing communities to promote 
        girls' education and participate in decision-making relating to 
        schooling;
            ``(C) training for teachers in gender-equitable teaching 
        and support for the development of curriculum free from gender 
        bias;
            ``(D) literacy programs, training in management and 
        leadership, support for increased access to information 
        technologies and projects to increase women's participation in 
        secondary, technical, and higher education.
    ``(3) The Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development shall develop a gender equity index to 
measure progress in improving the access and quality of education for 
girls and women in developing and transitional countries. At least once 
every three years, the Administrator shall prepare and submit to the 
Congress a report that contains the results of each country that 
receives assistance under this subsection during the preceding 3-year 
period in meeting the requirements of such index.
    ``(4)(A) In addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out 
this subsection, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this subsection $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.
    ``(B) Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of 
appropriations under subparagraph (A) are authorized to remain 
available until expended.''.

SEC. 302. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GRANT ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Findings and Declarations of Policy.--The Congress makes the 
following findings and declarations:
            (1)(A) Women in poverty generally have larger work loads 
        and less access to educational and economic opportunities than 
        their male counterparts.
            (B) Many turn to self-employment to generate a substantial 
        portion of their livelihood. In Africa, over 80 percent of 
        employment is generated in the informal sector of the self-
        employed poor.
            (C) These poor entrepreneurs are often trapped in poverty 
        because they cannot obtain credit at reasonable rates to expand 
        their otherwise viable self-employment activities.
            (2) The February 1997 global Microcredit Summit held in 
        Washington, District of Columbia, to launch a plan to expand 
        access to credit for self-employment and other financial and 
        business services to 100,000,000 of the world's poorest 
        families by 2005. The realization of this goal could 
        dramatically alter the face of global poverty, allowing the 
        poor to lead the fight against hunger and poverty.
            (3) In the efforts of the United States to lead the 
        development of a new global financial architecture, 
        microenterprise should play a vital role. Recent shocks to 
        international financial markets demonstrate how the financial 
        sector can shape the destiny of nations. Microfinance can be a 
        powerful tool for building a more inclusive financial sector 
        serving the broad majority of the world's population, including 
        the very poor and women, generating social stability and 
        prosperity.
    (b) Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Chapter 1 of part 
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 131. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GRANT ASSISTANCE.

    ``(a) Authorization.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out this part, the President 
        is authorized to provide grant assistance for programs to 
        increase the availability of credit and other services to 
        microenterprises lacking full access to capital, training, 
        technical assistance, and business development through--
                    ``(A) grants to microfinance institutions for the 
                purpose of expanding the availability of credit, 
                savings, and other financial services to 
                microentrepreneurs;
                    ``(B) grants to microenterprise institutions for 
                the purpose of training, technical assistance, and 
                business development services for microenterprises to 
                enable them to make better use of credit, to better 
                manage their enterprises,  and to increase their income 
and build their assets;
                    ``(C) grants for capacity building for 
                microenterprise institutions in order to enable them to 
                better meet the credit and training needs of 
                microentrepreneurs; and
                    ``(D) grants for policy and regulatory programs at 
                the country level that improve the environment for 
                microentrepreneurs and microenterprise institutions 
                that serve the poor and very poor.
            ``(2) Implementation.--Assistance authorized under 
        paragraph (1) shall be provided through organizations that have 
        a capacity to develop and implement microenterprise programs, 
        including particularly--
                    ``(A) United States and indigenous private and 
                voluntary organizations;
                    ``(B) United States and indigenous credit unions 
                and cooperative organizations; or
                    ``(C) other indigenous governmental and 
                nongovernmental organizations.
            ``(3) Targeted assistance.--In carrying out paragraph (1), 
        50 percent of all assistance shall be targeted to very poor 
        entrepreneurs defined as those living in the bottom 50 percent 
        below the poverty line, as established by the national 
        government of the country. Such assistance shall be used for 
        direct support of--
                    ``(A) programs under this subsection through 
                practitioner institutions that provide credit and other 
                financial services to the poorest with loans in 1995 
                United States dollars of $1,000 or less in the Europe 
                and Eurasia region, $400 or less in the Latin America 
                region, and $300 or less in the rest of the world, and 
                can cover their costs of credit programs in a 
                reasonable time period; or
                    ``(B) demand-driven business development programs 
                that achieve reasonable cost recovery that are provided 
                to clients holding poverty loans (as described in 
                subparagraph (A)) whether such loans are provided by 
                microfinance institutions or by specialized business 
                development providers.
    ``(b) Level of Assistance.--Of the funds made available to carry 
out this part and the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 
1989, including local currencies, for fiscal year 2001, $167,000,000 is 
authorized to be available to carry out this section for such fiscal 
year.''.

SEC. 303. MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of part 1 of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), as amended by this Act, is further 
amended by adding the following new section:

``SEC. 132. UNITED STATES MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development is authorized to establish a United 
States Microfinance Loan Facility (hereinafter in this section referred 
to as the `Facility') to pool and manage the risk from natural 
disasters, war or civil conflict, national financial crisis, or short-
term financial movements that threaten the long-term development of 
United States-supported microfinance institutions.
    ``(b) Disbursements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall make 
        disbursements from the Facility to United States-sponsored 
        microfinance institutions to prevent the bankruptcy of such 
        institutions caused by--
                    ``(A) natural disasters;
                    ``(B) national wars or civil conflict; and
                    ``(C) national financial crisis or other short term 
                financial movements that threaten the long-term 
                development of United States-supported microfinance 
                institutions.
            ``(2) Form of assistance.--Assistance under this section 
        shall be in the form of loans or loan guarantees for 
        microfinance institutions that demonstrate the capacity to 
        resume self-sustained operations within a reasonable period of 
        time, as determined by the Administrator.
            ``(3) Congressional notification procedures.--During fiscal 
        year 2001, funds may not be made available from the Facility 
        until 15 days after notification of the proposed availability 
        of the funds has been provided to the congressional committees 
        specified in section 634A of this Act in accordance with the 
        procedures applicable to reprogramming notifications under that 
        section.
    ``(c) General Provisions.--
            ``(1) Policy provisions.--In providing assistance 
        authorized by this section, the Administrator should apply, as 
        appropriate, the policy provisions in this part that are 
        applicable to development assistance activities.
            ``(2) Default and procurement provisions.--
                    ``(A) Default provision.--The provisions of section 
                620(q), or any comparable provision of law, shall not 
                be construed to prohibit assistance to a country in the 
                event that a private sector recipient of assistance 
                furnished under this section is in default in its 
                payment to the United States for the period specified 
                in such section.
                    ``(B) Procurement provision.--Assistance may be 
                provided under this section without regard to section 
                604(a).
            ``(3) Terms and conditions of assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Assistance provided under this 
                section shall be offered on such terms and conditions, 
                including fees charged, as the Administrator may 
                determine.
                    ``(B) Limitation on principal amount of 
                financing.--The principal amount of loans made or 
                guaranteed under this section in any fiscal year, with 
                respect to any single event, may not exceed 
                $30,000,000.
                    ``(C) Exception.--No payment may be made under any 
                guarantee issued under this section for any loss 
                arising out of fraud or misrepresentation for which the 
                party seeking payment is responsible.
            ``(4) Full faith and credit.--All guarantees issued under 
        this section shall constitute obligations, in accordance with 
        the terms of such guarantees, of the United States of America, 
        and the full faith and credit of the United States of America 
        is hereby pledged for the full payment and performance of such 
        obligations to the extent of the guarantee.
    ``(d) Funding.--
            ``(1) Allocation of funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Of the amounts made available to 
                carry out this part for the fiscal year 2001, up to 
                $5,000,000 may be made available for--
                            ``(i) the subsidy cost, as defined in 
                        section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act 
                        of 1990, to carry out this section; and
                            ``(ii) subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                        cost of administrative expenses to carry out 
                        this section.
                    ``(B) Limitation on administrative expenses.--Of 
                the amount made available under subparagraph (A) to 
                carry out this section for fiscal year 2001, not more 
                than $500,000 may be made available for administrative 
                expenses under subparagraph (A)(ii).
            ``(2) Relation to other funding.--Amounts made available 
        under paragraph (1) are in addition to amounts available under 
        any other provision of law to carry out this section.
    ``(e) Definition.--In this section, the term `United States-
supported microfinance institution' means a financial intermediary that 
has received funds made available under this Act for fiscal year 1980 
or any subsequent fiscal year.''.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, the Secretary of State, and the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of 
the House of Representatives a report on the policies, rules, and 
regulations of the United States Microfinance Loan Facility established 
under section 132 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by 
subsection (a).

SEC. 304. REPORT RELATING TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFINANCE 
              INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of the Treasury, 
shall prepare and transmit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report on the most cost-effective methods for increasing the access 
of poor people to credit, other financial services, and related 
training.
    (b) Contents.--The report described in subsection (a) should 
include how the President, in consultation with the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development, the Secretary 
of State, and the Secretary of the Treasury, will jointly develop a 
comprehensive strategy for advancing the global microenterprise sector 
in a way that maintains market principles while assuring that the very 
poor, particularly women, obtain access to financial services overseas.
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committee 
on International Relations of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

    TITLE IV--PROMOTION OF HEALTH OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN DEVELOPING 
                               COUNTRIES

SEC. 401. FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Hundreds of millions of women lack access to 
        comprehensive reproductive health care services, including 
        family planning services, which are basic elements of women's 
        reproductive health and rights. The low status of women in many 
        societies is a factor that perpetuates patterns of early and 
        frequent childbearing and is often an obstacle to women's use 
        of existing health care services. Population planning 
        assistance programs should provide comprehensive reproductive 
        health care, including family planning services, that respect 
        and promote women's reproductive rights, privacy and 
        empowerment.
            (2) Key elements of a comprehensive approach to 
        reproductive health and rights include the provision of family 
        planning education and services, prenatal delivery care, 
        including emergency obstetrical care, educational efforts and 
        condom promotion for the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other 
        sexually transmitted diseases, access to treatment for the 
        complications of unsafe abortion, and access to safe abortion 
        services where legal.
            (3) United States foreign assistance must not be contingent 
        upon the willingness of a foreign nongovernmental organization 
        to forgo either its right to use its own funds to address, 
        within the democratic process, a particular issue affecting the 
        citizens of its own country, or its right to provide, with its 
        own funds, medical services that are legal in its own country 
        and would be legal if provided in the United States.
            (4) Women's economic participation and reproductive rights 
        and health are inextricably linked. Increases in women's labor 
        force participation raises demand for safe and voluntary 
        reproductive health care, including family planning services, 
        which in turn enable women to control their own health and 
        fertility and their ability to work. Lack of comprehensive 
        reproductive health care, including family planning services, 
        severely limits women's ability to gain from new job creation 
        resulting from the increasingly globalizing economy.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations for Population Planning 
Assistance.--There is authorized to  be appropriated $541,600,000 for 
fiscal year 2001 for population planning activities or other population 
assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2151 et seq.).
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations for the United Nations 
Population Fund (UNFPA).--In addition to amounts otherwise available to 
carry out chapter 3 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2221 et seq.), there is authorized to be appropriated 
$35,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 for the United States voluntary 
contribution to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

SEC. 402. MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAMS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Approximately 600,000 women die each year due to 
        complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and unsafe abortion. Of 
        these mostly preventable deaths, more than 95 percent occur in 
        developing countries. For example, in Afghanistan, a country 
        suffering from the devastating impacts of 20 years of war and 
        conflict, maternal mortality is the second highest in the 
        world. A report released by the United Nations Commission on 
        Human Rights indicates that every day in Afghanistan an average 
        of 45 women die of pregnancy related causes resulting in 16,000 
        maternal deaths annually.
            (2) Access to comprehensive maternal health care, including 
        quality pre-natal care and nutritional supplements (for 
        example, foliates), screening for pregnancy-related diseases, 
        basic fetal health tests, immunizations (for example, tetanus), 
        access to treatment for the complications of unsafe abortion, 
        access to safe abortion services where legal, and preparation 
        for safe birth (including safe delivery kits where needed) are 
        necessary for the health of women and children. Post-natal care 
        includes follow-up services to ensure that women recover from 
        birth without hemorrhaging or infection and that newborns 
        develop adequately.
            (3) When women cannot work because of health problems, the 
        loss of their income, as well as the costs of treatment, can 
        drive them and their families into debt. In India, a study 
        found that disability reduced the productivity of the female 
        labor force by about 20 percent.
    (b) Maternal Health Programs.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development shall establish and carry 
        out programs to provide maternal health assistance to 
        individuals in need in developing countries.
            (2) Additional requirements.--Programs described in 
        paragraph (1) shall meet the following requirements:
                    (A) Ensure that women and girls have the ability to 
                decide the number and spacing of children and that they 
                have access to comprehensive reproductive health care, 
                including pregnancy-related services, to enable them to 
                delay pregnancy until they have achieved physical and 
                emotional maturity necessary to make informed 
                reproductive health care decisions.
                    (B) Provide access to comprehensive, high-quality, 
                pre- and post-natal care.
                    (C) Ensure that women can exercise their 
                reproductive rights and access reproductive health 
                care, especially concerning pregnancy, voluntarily and 
                free from violence and coercion.
                    (D) Provide access to sexual and reproductive 
                health education and care for adolescents, including 
                prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted 
                infections, prevention of unintended pregnancy, and 
                information about safe-sex practices, including skills 
to protect adolescents from abusive or coercive relationships.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $150,000,000 for fiscal year 
2001.

SEC. 403. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HIV/AIDS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/
        AIDS (UNAIDS), worldwide there are an estimated 33,600,000 
        people infected with HIV. 95 percent of people with HIV reside 
        in developing countries with 70 percent of the global total 
        affecting sub-Saharan Africa. Young women from developing 
        countries are at severe risk. In Uganda, for example, it is 
        estimated that HIV infection among women is 20 times higher 
        than men in the 13 to 19 age group.
            (2) The impact of AIDS on women, including their 
        communities, spans the sectors of development, including 
        education, economic development, health care, and agriculture, 
        food security and nutrition. For example, the epidemic is 
        killing teachers at a rate faster than they can be replaced. 
        The HIV/AIDS pandemic is robbing many developing countries of 
        their most productive labor force and therefore their ability 
        to participate and compete effectively in the global economy.
            (3) Research and program lessons have revealed that highly 
        visible, comprehensive programs that reach urban and rural 
        communities and meet needs all along a prevention-to-care 
        continuum are required. In order to be successful, any program 
        must systematically seek input from women in affected 
        communities about how to help them overcome enormous obstacles 
        in prevention and treatment. Programs must consider the human 
        rights of women when setting up drug trials and treatment 
        programs. Individuals with HIV must have choices that include 
        basic treatments, including drugs, of sexually-transmitted 
        infections and the opportunistic infections that come with HIV 
        and are the cause of death from HIV.
            (4) Since the early 1990s, topical microbicides have 
        attracted scientific attention as a possible new technology for 
        preventing sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Like 
        today's spermicides, microbicides would be used vaginally by 
        women to help protect themselves, their partners, and their 
        infants from the sexual transmission of HIV and other sexually 
        transmitted disease pathogens. For individuals needing to use 
        them without partner knowledge or consent, safe, effective, 
        acceptable, and affordable topical microbicides could be 
        formulated to be undetectable.
    (b) Actions To Prevent and Treat HIV/AIDS.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development shall take appropriate 
        actions to strengthen the programs, projects, and activities of 
        the Agency to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in developing 
        countries.
            (2) Additional requirements.--Actions described in 
        paragraph (1) shall include the following:
                    (A) The Chief of the HIV/AIDS Division of the 
                Agency shall give special attention and focus to young 
                women between the ages of 15 and 24.
                    (B) The Administrator shall appoint a senior level 
                policy advisor for infectious diseases who shall report 
                directly to the Administrator and shall be responsible 
                for making certain that the contributing factors and 
                impact of infectious diseases are taken into account in 
                programs in all divisions of the Agency.
                    (C) The Administrator shall implement a micro-grant 
                and micro-loan program for community-based 
                organizations that provide care and support to families 
                affected by HIV/AIDS in developing countries.
                    (D) The Administrator shall target funds to 
                increase the overall health infrastructure of 
                developing countries with a high prevalence of HIV/
                AIDS, including working with governments, multilateral 
                organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and the 
                private sector, to promote increased accessibility and 
                availability of drugs for sexually-transmitted 
                infections.
                    (E) The Chief of the HIV/AIDS Division of the 
                Agency shall ensure that programs implemented by the 
                Division take into account the threat to human rights 
                that HIV/AIDS poses in communities, especially in the 
                cases of counseling and testing, clinical trials, and 
                treatment programs.
                    (F) The Chief of the HIV/AIDS Division of the 
                Agency shall ensure that programs implemented by the 
                Division involve both women and men living with HIV/
                AIDS in affected communities in the design, 
                implementation, and evaluation of prevention and care 
                programs.
    (c) Annual Report.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development shall prepare and submit to Congress an 
annual report on the actions of the Agency under subsection (b) for the 
preceding year, including the multi-sectoral approaches taken by the 
Agency to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS in developing countries and a 
description of the gender dimension of such multi-sectoral approaches.
    (d) Definition.--In this section, the term ``HIV/AIDS'' means 
infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Such term includes the 
acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out this section $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.
            (2) Microbicides.--In addition to amounts appropriated 
        pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under paragraph 
        (1), there is authorized to be appropriated to develop and test 
        topical microbicides for the prevention and treatment of HIV/
        AIDS under this section $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.

SEC. 404. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Tuberculosis is one of the greatest infectious causes 
        of death of adults worldwide, killing 2,000,000 people per 
        year--one person every 15 seconds. Globally, tuberculosis is 
        the leading cause of death of young women and the leading cause 
        of death of people with HIV/AIDS.
            (2) With the increase in international travel, commerce, 
        and migration, elimination of tuberculosis in the United States 
        depends on efforts to control the disease in developing 
        countries.
            (3) Tuberculosis is an immense economic drain on families 
        and on nations and is a significant cause of poverty. Most 
        cases of tuberculosis and deaths caused by tuberculosis occur 
        among individuals in their most productive years of life, ages 
        15 to 50, decimating a country's ability to compete effectively 
        in the global economy.
            (4)(A) There is a highly effective and inexpensive 
        treatment for tuberculosis. This strategy, known as Directly 
        Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS), includes low-cost 
        effective diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and recordkeeping, 
        as well as a reliable drug supply.
            (B) A centerpiece of DOTS is observing patients to ensure 
        that they take their medication and complete treatment. DOTS 
        produces high cure rates, prevents the further spread of 
        infection, and prevents development of strains of multi-drug 
        resistant tuberculosis, yet fewer than 1 in 5 of those ill with 
        tuberculosis are receiving DOTS treatment.
            (C) Based on World Bank estimates, DOTS treatment is one of 
        the most cost-effective health interventions available--costing 
        just $20-$100 to save a life, and DOTS can produce cure rates 
        of up to 95 percent even in the poorest countries.
    (b) Assistance for Tuberculosis Prevention, Treatment, and 
Control.--Section 104(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2151b(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(4)(A) Congress recognizes the growing international problem of 
tuberculosis and the threat its continued existence poses for the 
United States and other nations which had previously largely controlled 
the disease. Congress further recognizes that a cost-effective strategy 
exists to control and treat tuberculosis, but that this treatment 
regime is currently reaching fewer than one in five of those ill with 
the disease, and that it is a major objective of the foreign assistance 
program of the United States to control this disease. To this end 
Congress expects the agency primarily responsible for administering 
this part--
            ``(i) to focus its efforts on the implementation of 
        Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS), or other 
        internationally accepted primary tuberculosis control 
        strategies developed in consultation with the World Health 
        Organization, at the local level with the intention of reaching 
        the targets of (I) detection of at least 70 percent of the 
        cases of infectious tuberculosis, (II) the cure of at least 85 
        percent of the cases detected, and (III) the reduction in 
        tuberculosis deaths by one-half, by 2005;
            ``(ii) to focus the efforts described in clause (i) on the 
        highest burden countries identified by the World Health 
        Organization as containing 80 percent of tuberculosis cases 
        globally; and
            ``(iii) to work in collaboration with the World Health 
        Organization, the STOP TB Initiative, the United States Centers 
        for Disease Control, the National Institutes of Health, the 
        International Union Against TB and Lung Disease, and other 
        organizations toward the development and implementation of 
        effective tuberculosis control programs, including strategies 
        to address multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), at the 
        local level, especially in the highest burden countries.
    ``(B) In conjunction with the submission of the annual request for 
enactment of authorizations and appropriations for foreign assistance 
programs for each fiscal year, the President shall include a report 
that contains an estimate of the detection and cure rates of each 
program, project, or activity to be carried out under the authority of 
subparagraph (A) and progress on reaching the targets described in 
subclauses (I) through (III) of subparagraph (A)(i).
    ``(C)(i) There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 
2001 $100,000,000 to carry out this paragraph.
    ``(ii) Of the amount appropriated pursuant to the authorization of 
appropriations under clause (i), not less than 80 percent of such 
amount shall be used for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis 
for at-risk and affected populations utilizing Directly Observed 
Treatment, Short Course (DOTS), or other internationally accepted 
primary tuberculosis control strategies developed in consultation with 
the World Health Organization. An appropriate percentage of the 
remaining amount appropriated pursuant to the authorization of 
appropriations under clause (i) should be made available for 
implementation of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS-
PLUS), or other internationally accepted tuberculosis control 
strategies, to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, and for global 
tuberculosis coordination and surveillance efforts. In addition, 
assistance provided using amounts appropriated pursuant to the 
authorization of appropriations under clause (i) shall be primarily 
used in those developing countries identified by the World Health 
Organization as having the highest incidence of tuberculosis, with 
special emphasis given to the poorest regions of such countries.
    ``(iii) Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of 
appropriations under this subparagraph are authorized to remain 
available until expended.''.

SEC. 405. HEALTH OF CHILDREN.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) While many advances have been made in health and well-
        being, the overwhelming majority of the people in the world who 
        live in poverty are children and women and in the past 20 
        years, more than 600,000,000 children have lived in deep 
        poverty.
            (2) Poverty and war together have led to severe health 
        consequences in children. More than 10,000,000 children under 5 
        years of age die each year in developing countries from 
        preventable causes, including pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, 
        malnutrition, and measles. These diseases kill a child every 5 
        seconds. In addition, millions of children are victims of 
        physical and mental abuse, including domestic violence, rape, 
        and other forms of sexual abuse, of which girls are most 
        vulnerable.
            (3) Child labor, increasing in the global economy, has also 
        directly affected the health of children. According to the 
        International Labour Organization (ILO), approximately 
        250,000,000 children between the ages of 5 and 14 work in 
        developing countries and some 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 children 
        between the ages of 5 and 11 work in hazardous circumstances. 
        Two-thirds of these children are girls.
    (b) Health and Well-Being of Children Index.--The Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development shall establish 
and implement an index to measure the impact of programs, projects, and 
activities of the Agency on children in developing countries. Such 
index shall utilize disaggregated data based on sex.
    (c) Annual Report.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development shall prepare and submit to Congress an 
annual report that contains information obtained from the index 
established under subsection (b) for the preceding year.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out this section $525,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.
            (2) Availability.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to the 
        authorization of appropriations under paragraph (1) are 
        authorized to remain available until expended.

                     TITLE V--HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN

SEC. 501. ASSISTANCE TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) While major advancements have been made in the area of 
        women's human rights over the last decade, particularly in the 
        area of domestic violence, women around the world still face 
        the routine denial of their human rights in many aspects of 
        their lives, both in practice and in law. Judicial and other 
        mechanisms that are established to prevent and respond to 
        violations of women's human rights often fail to do so and may 
        even further entrench women's inequality.
            (2) Supporting women's human rights in all spheres of 
        women's lives--including home, work, school, health, political 
        participation, and other related areas--is critical to 
        sustainable development and the promotion of equality and 
        democracy around the world.
            (3) It is important to examine the implications of 
        accelerated economic globalization, structural adjustment, and 
        trade liberalization on women's rights and human rights, 
        particularly as these trends affect women as workers, farmers, 
        entrepreneurs, family care givers, and heads of household.
    (b) Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Chapter 1 of part 
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 133. ASSISTANCE TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.

    ``(a) Assistance.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development shall establish and carry out programs to 
assist governments of developing countries to eliminate de jure 
discrimination against women.
    ``(b) Additional Requirements.--Assistance provided under 
subsection (a) shall include the following:
            ``(1) Provide judges and other judicial officials in 
        developing countries with on-going training in women's human 
        rights, particularly as such rights relate to domestic 
        violence.
            ``(2) Provide technical and other assistance to officials 
        in ministries of justice of developing countries to enable such 
        officials to better collect and analyze sex-disaggregated data 
        on rates of reporting, prosecution, conviction, and sentencing 
        of domestic and sexual violence cases.
            ``(3) Improve training for law enforcement personnel in 
        developing countries to improve their response to and 
        collection of evidence for domestic and sexual violence cases.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section 
for fiscal year 2001.''.

SEC. 502. PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Trafficking in persons is increasing exponentially 
        worldwide. The United Nations estimates that 4,000,000 
        individuals become victims of trafficking each year. The United 
        States Government estimates that 50,000 women and girls are 
        trafficked into the United States annually.
            (2) Trafficking is a labor and human rights violation that 
        involves physical and psychological coercion, deception, forced 
        labor, and servitude or slavery. Traffickers force people to 
        labor and serve in a growing number of arenas, including 
        factories, construction sites, farms, brothels, homes, and 
        streets.
            (3) Potential and actual victims of trafficking need 
        targeted assistance to provide them with skills and 
        opportunities at home. Trafficked individuals need shelter, 
        health care, psychological counseling, training, and living 
        assistance after they escape from their traffickers. Those 
        individuals who are in danger from retaliation by organized 
        criminal gangs require special protection.
            (4) Women are more likely than men to be trafficked. Women 
        are disproportionately affected by economic changes brought on 
        by structural adjustment policies, privatization, trade 
        liberalization, and economic globalization, such as the 
        movement away from agriculture toward a wage-based economy and 
        consumer society. Women are rapidly becoming the primary 
        caregivers for families, and older girls are assuming financial 
        responsibility for their younger siblings and, often, for their 
        parents. At the same time, patriarchal social, cultural and 
        economic structures ensure that the skills necessary to adapt 
        and succeed in these new economies are transferred primarily to 
        men and boys.
    (b) Programs in the United States and Countries of Origin.--
            (1) In general.--The President, acting through the heads of 
        appropriate Federal departments and agencies (such as the 
        Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Immigration 
        and Naturalization Service, the Department of Health and Human 
        Services, and the United States Agency for International 
        Development), shall establish and carry out programs in the 
        United States and in foreign countries to prevent the 
        trafficking of women and children.
            (2) Additional requirements.--Programs established and 
        carried out under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
                    (A) Support for nongovernmental organization-
                operated hotlines, culturally and linguistically 
                appropriate protective shelters, and regional and 
                international nongovernmental organization networks and 
                databases on trafficking.
                    (B) Training for law enforcement personnel, 
                prosecutors, immigration agents and officers, housing 
                and health inspectors, and other government officials 
                who may come into contact with a situation of 
                trafficking or trafficked individuals.
                    (C) Analysis of existing national legal frameworks 
                and advocacy to develop protective national laws and 
                policies that are consistent with, and improve upon, 
                the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and 
                Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and 
                Children (supplementing the United Nations Convention 
                Against Transnational Organized Crime).
                    (D) Support for advocates working to ensure the 
                appropriate and timely implementation of new anti-
                trafficking or related legislation at the national, 
                state, and local levels.
                    (E) Support for nongovernmental organizations and 
                advocates--
                            (i) to provide legal, social, and other 
                        services and assistance to trafficked 
                        individuals, particularly those individuals in 
                        detention; and
                            (ii) to create education and media 
                        materials and networks to reach out to the 
                        ethnic communities of those individuals most 
                        likely to be trafficked into the United States, 
                        particularly in the informal sectors where 
                        undocumented migrants and trafficked 
                        individuals are more likely to be found.
    (c) Additional Requirements for Programs in Countries of Origin.--
In addition to the requirements under subsection (b), programs to 
prevent the trafficking of women and children in foreign countries 
shall also include the following:
            (1)(A) Education and training for women and girls who are 
        in vulnerable populations and education and training for 
        trafficked women and girls upon their return home.
            (B) Such education and training shall provide women and 
        girls with the same type of skills being provided to men and 
        boys, including skills to become self-sufficient and to succeed 
        in the changing economies of their countries.
            (2) The safe reintegration of trafficked individuals into 
        an appropriate community or family, with full respect for the 
        wishes, dignity, and safety of the trafficked individual.
    (d) Study and Report on Scope of Trafficking Into the United 
States.--
            (1) Study.--The President, acting through the heads of 
        appropriate Federal departments and agencies (such as the 
        Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Immigration 
        and Naturalization Service, the Department of Health and Human 
        Services, and the United States Agency for International 
        Development), shall conduct a study on the scope of trafficking 
        of individuals into the United States, including--
                    (A) trafficking of individuals for work in 
                restaurants, the agricultural sector, the domestic 
                sector, factories, and the construction industry;
                    (B) trafficking of individuals for marriage or 
                adoption; and
                    (C) trafficking of individuals for work in the sex 
                industry.
        In conducting the study under this paragraph, the President 
        shall place emphasis on obtaining data with respect to 
        individuals described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
            (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to Congress 
        a report that contains--
                    (A) the results of the study conducted under 
                paragraph (1); and
                    (B) a description of detailed strategies for 
                legislation to prevent the trafficking of individuals 
                into the United States.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 
2001.

SEC. 503. RATIFICATION OF CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF 
              DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) The Senate has already agreed to the ratification of 
        several important human rights treaties, including the Genocide 
        Convention, the Convention Against Torture, the International 
        Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Convention on 
        the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination Against 
        Women (CEDAW).
            (2) CEDAW establishes a worldwide commitment to combat 
        discrimination against women and girls.
            (3) 165 countries of the world have ratified or acceded to 
        CEDAW and the United States is among a small minority of 
        countries, including Afghanistan, North Korea, Iran, and Sudan, 
        which have not.
            (4) CEDAW is helping combat violence and discrimination 
        against women and girls around the world.
            (5) CEDAW has had a significant and positive impact on 
        legal development in countries as diverse as Uganda, Colombia, 
        Brazil, and South Africa, including, on citizenship rights in 
        Botswana and Japan, inheritance rights in Tanzania, and 
        property rights and political participation in Costa Rica.
            (6) The Administration has proposed a small number of 
        reservations, understandings, and declarations to ensure that 
        United States ratification fully complies with all 
        constitutional requirements, including states' and individuals' 
        rights.
            (7) The legislatures of California, Iowa, Massachusetts, 
        New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and 
        Vermont have endorsed United States ratification of CEDAW.
            (8) More than 100 United States-based, civic, legal, 
        religious, education, and environmental organizations, 
        including many major national membership organizations, support 
        ratification of CEDAW.
            (9) Ratification of CEDAW would allow the United States to 
        nominate a representative to the CEDAW oversight committee.
            (10) 2000 is the 21st anniversary of the adoption of CEDAW 
        by the United Nations General Assembly.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate should 
        hold hearings on the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms 
        of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW); and
            (2) the Senate should, therefore, give its advice and 
        consent to the ratification of the Convention on the 
        Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
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