UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

CASE NO. 22-CV-62247-RAR

GUSTAVO VIQUEZ,

Plaintiff,

v.

JP MORGAN CHASE & CO.

D/B/A CHASE BANK,

Defendant.

_______________________________/

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS

THIS CAUSE comes before the Court on Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss (“Motion”),

[ECF No. 5]. The Court conducted a Zoom hearing to discuss the Motion on January 20, 2023

(“Hearing”). See Paperless Minute Entry, [ECF No. 16]. The Court having heard argument from 

both parties and carefully reviewed Plaintiff’s Complaint (“Compl.”), [ECF No. 1], Defendant’s

Motion, Plaintiff’s Response, [ECF No. 8], and Defendant’s Reply, [ECF No. 9], and being 

otherwise fully advised, it is 

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Defendant’s Motion, [ECF No. 5], is GRANTED

for the reasons stated on the record, as follows:

1. Count I of Plaintiff’s Complaint is DISMISSED without prejudice with leave to 

amend. Plaintiff is presently pursuing a theory of civil theft pursuant to section 772.11 of the 

Florida Statutes. As acknowledged during the Hearing, the Complaint lacks any allegation of 

“felonious intent”—or any facts supporting such an allegation—as required to properly establish 

a claim for civil theft. See Epoch Int’l Partners, LLP v. Bigfoot Inc., 587 F. Supp. 3d 1214, 1220–

21 (S.D. Fla. 2022) (“Under Florida law, a defendant commits civil theft when it (1) knowingly 

(2) obtained or used, or endeavored to obtain or use, [a plaintiff's] property with (3) felonious 

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intent....”); Larkon Grp. Servs., LLC v. Boardwalk Recency Corp., No. 13-CV-80149, 2013 WL 

12085083, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Aug 21, 2013). Further, the additional facts beyond the pleadings

Plaintiff provided during the Hearing do not convince the Court that Plaintiff has a cognizable civil 

theft claim, due to a lack of felonious intent. Nevertheless, Plaintiff is afforded one opportunity to 

amend Count I to either sufficiently allege a civil theft claim, or as discussed during the Hearing, 

advance another theory of liability more appropriate on these facts.1

2. Count II of Plaintiff’s Complaint is DISMISSED with prejudice. In Count II, 

Plaintiff asserts a claim for punitive damages. However, punitive damages are not a cause of 

action, but rather a remedy. Thompkins v. Lil’ Joe Recs., Inc., 476 F.3d 1294, 1303 (11th Cir. 

2007) (stating that a claim for punitive damages is a remedy to which Plaintiff can only be entitled 

if Plaintiff prevails rather than a cause of action in and of itself); see also Mohit v. West, No. 8:20-

CV-813-VMC-SPF, 2021 WL 2954654, at *6 (M.D. Fla. June 10, 2021) (“Count XII [for punitive 

damages] is merely a request for a particular type of relief masquerading as a count, therefore it is 

due to be dismissed.”); Arrington v. Walgreen Co., No. 609CV1300ORL31KRS, 2010 WL 

11507708, at *1 (M.D. Fla. May 24, 2010) (“punitive damages is a remedy, not a cause of action”).

3. Plaintiff shall file an Amended Complaint in accordance with this Order on or 

before February 8, 2023. 

DONE AND ORDERED in Miami, Florida, this 20th day of January, 2023.

 _________________________________

 RODOLFO A. RUIZ II

 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

1 The additional facts disclosed during the Hearing suggest to the Court that once Plaintiff amends his 

Complaint, the Court may lack subject-matter jurisdiction because the actual amount in controversy may

not exceed $75,000. Upon the filing of Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint, the Court and the parties will 

consider whether this Court retains subject-matter jurisdiction over the new claims.

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