U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

W . W i l l a r d W i r t z , S e c r e t a r y

B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T I S T I C S

E w a n C l a g u e , C o m m i s s i o n e r

DOCUMENT COLLECTION

E M P L O Y M E N T O F S C I E N T I F I C

A N D

T E C H N I C A L P E R S O N N E L 

I N I N D U S T R Y

B u l l e t i n N o . 1 4 1 8

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Employment of

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in Industry, 1962

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 

W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

Bulletin No. 1418

June 1964

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Ewan Claguo, Commissioner

F o r sa le b y th e S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O ffice, W a s h in g t o n , D .C ., 20402 - P r ic e 50 ce n ts

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P R E F A C E

T h i s r e p o r t p r e s e n t s the m a j o r f i n d i n g s of a s u r v e y of the e m p l o y ­

m e n t of scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l in i n d u s t r y a s of J a n u a r y 1 962.

T h e s u r v e y , t h e f o u r t h in a s e r i e s of s i m i l a r s u r v e y s , w a s c o n d u c t e d b y

the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics, U . S. D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r . T h e s e r i e s

w a s d e v e l o p e d u n d e r the s p o n s o r s h i p of the N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n ,

w h i c h p u b l i s h e d the r e p o r t s o n the e a r l i e r s u r v e y s . T h e s e s u r v e y s of

i n d u s t r i a l e m p l o y m e n t of scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l a r e a p a r t

of a c o m p r e h e n s i v e p r o g r a m d e s i g n e d to y i e l d c o m p l e t e c o v e r a g e of the

e m p l o y m e n t of s c i entists a n d e n g i n e e r s . T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics

c o n d u c t s r e l a t e d s u r v e y s of S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s bien n i a l l y , a n d

of lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s o n a n o c c a s i o n a l b a s i s . O t h e r U . S . G o v e r n m e n t

a g e n c i e s c o v e r the r e m a i n i n g s e c t o r s of scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l e m p l o y ­

m e n t .

D a t a fo r this r e p o r t w e r e c o l l e c t e d t h r o u g h q u e s t i o n n a i r e s m a i l e d

to a s a m p l e of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c a r e f u l l y s e l e c t e d to b e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of

the N a t i o n ’s i n d u s t r y . T h e r e s p o n s e to the s u r v e y w a s e x c e l l e n t ; n e a r l y

9 0 p e r c e n t of the a p p r o x i m a t e l y 14, 2 0 0 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s a m p l e

p r o v i d e d u s a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n . E x c l u d e d w e r e s e l f - e m p l o y e d s c ientists

a n d e n g i n e e r s a n d t h o s e e m p l o y e d in c e r t a i n s m a l l c o m p a n i e s o u t s i d e

the s c o p e of the s u r v e y . F o r f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n o n c o v e r a g e s e e

a p p e n d i x B of this r e p o r t .

T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics w i s h e s to e x p r e s s its a p p r e c i a t i o n

to the m a n y o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d i n d i v i d u a l s w h o s e c o o p e r a t i o n m a d e this

s u r v e y p o s s i b l e , e s p e c i a l l y to the c o m p a n i e s that s u p p l i e d d a t a o n t heir

scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l .

T h i s b ulletin w a s p r e p a r e d b y M i c h a e l D . W e r t h e i m e r , w i t h the

a s s i s t a n c e of A l l a n K a t z a n d S y l v i a K . L a w r e n c e , u n d e r th e s u p e r ­

v i s i o n of W i l l i a m L . C o p e l a n d . T h e s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d u n d e r the

g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n of C o r a E . T a y l o r , C h i e f of the B u r e a u ’s D i v i s i o n

of O c c u p a t i o n a l E m p l o y m e n t Statistics, a n d H a r o l d G o l d s t e i n , A s s i s t a n t

C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r M a n p o w e r a n d E m p l o y m e n t Statistics.

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C O N

P a g e

Highlights ......................................................................... 1

Points to k e e p in m i n d ........................................................... 3

Scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s - -

B y o c c u p a t i o n ................................................................... 4

B y i n d u s t r y ..................................................................... 6

B y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t ...................................................... 7

B y function ..................................................................... 8

R & D scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s - -

B y o c c u p a t i o n ................................................................... 9

B y i n d u s t r y ................................................................ 10

R e l a t e d to size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t .............................................. 11

N o n - R & D scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s .............................................. 12

T e c h n i c i a n s - -

B y o c c u p a t i o n ................................................................... 13

B y i n d u s t r y ..................................................................... 14

R a t i o to scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s ............................................. 15

R & D t e c h n i c i a n s ................................................................... 16

C h a n g e s in scientific a n d eng i n e e r i n g e m p l o y m e n t ............................ 17

C h a n g e s in technician e m p l o y m e n t .............................................. 18

A p p e n d i x e s

A . Statistical t a b l e s ............................................................... 19

B. S c o p e a n d m e t h o d .............................................................. 71

C. T e c h n i c a l n o t e s ................................................................ 78

D. Q u e s t i o n n a i r e a n d c o v e r i n g letters ...... 82

Statistical T a b l e s

A - l . Scientists a n d engineers, b y occupational g r o u p a n d industry,

J a n u a r y 1962 ................................................. 20

A - 2 . P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engineers, b y occupational

g r o u p a n d industry, J a n u a r y 1962 ...................................... 22

A - 3 . Scientists a n d engineers, b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d industry,

J a n u a r y 1962 .............................................................. 2 4

A - 4 . P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engineers, b y size of

e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d industry, J a n u a r y 1962 ............................. 26

A - 5. Scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s as p e r c e n t of total e m p l o y m e n t , b y size

of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d industry, J a n u a r y 196 2 ......................... 28

A - 6 . Scientists a n d engineers, b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d occupational

group, J a n u a r y 1962 .............................. 30

A - 7 . P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engineers, b y size of

e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d occupational group, J a n u a r y 1962 .................. 31

A - 8 . Scientists a n d engineers, b y function a n d occupational group,

J a n u a r y 1962 .............................................................. 32

A - 9 . P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engineers, b y function a n d

occupational group, J a n u a r y 1962 ...................................... 33

T E N T S

Statistical Tables -- continued Page

A - 10. Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .. 34

A - 11. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and

industry, January 1962 ...................................... 36

A - 12. Scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment,

January 1962 .............................. 

A - 13. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and

size of establishment, January 1962 .......................... 39

A - 14. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 . 40

A - 15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all

activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 .... 42

A - 16. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 44

A - 17. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all

activities, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 . . 46

A - 18. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, by size of establishment and occupational group,

January 1962 .............................................. 48

A - 19. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all

activities, by size of establishment and occupational group,

January 1962 .............................................. 49

A-20. Engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .............. 50

A-21. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 . 52

A-22. Percent distribution of technicians, by size of establishment and

industry, January 1962..................................... 54

A-23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962.... 56

A - 24. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and

industry, January 1962 .................................... 58

A-25. Technicians, by occupational group and size of establishment,

January 1962............... 60

A-26. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and

size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ 61

A - 27. Scientists and engineers, technicians, and ratio of technicians

to scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ........ 62

A-28. Scientists and engineers, and technicians, primarily, engaged in

research and development, and ratio of R & D technicians to

R& D scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ...... 64

A-29. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by

industry, January 1962 .................................... 66

A - 30. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by

size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ 68

A-31. Scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962, and percent

change from January 1961.................................. 69

A-32. Technicians, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from

January 1961 ............................................. 70

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S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S

I n d u s t r y e m p l o y e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 5 2 , 0 0 0 s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s

in J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 . E n g i n e e r s , n u m b e r i n g 6 8 4 , 000, r e p r e s e n t e d 8 0 p e r c e n t

of this e m p l o y m e n t . O f th e 1 6 8 , 0 0 0 s c ientists, c h e m i s t s r e p r e s e n t e d

a l m o s t 5 0 p e r c e n t ; o t h e r p h y s i c a l scien t i s t s , 2 3 p e r c e n t ; life scientists,

16 p e r c e n t ; m a t h e m a t i c i a n s , 9 p e r c e n t ; a n d t h e u n c l a s s i f i e d scientists,

3 p e r c e n t .

F o u r m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y g r o u p s - - e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t , t r a n s ­

p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t , c h e m i c a l s , a n d m a c h i n e r y - - a c c o u n t e d f o r a l m o s t

h a l f o f all scientific a n d e n g i n e e r i n g e m p l o y m e n t .

S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n l a r g e m a n u f a c t u r i n g

e s t a b l i s h m e n t s - - 6 4 p e r c e n t of all s u c h w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s ­

t r i e s w e r e i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h 1, 0 0 0 e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e .

M o r e t h a n 2 o u t of 3 s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w e r e i n f u n c t i o n s c o n ­

c e r n e d w i t h p r o d u c t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n s o r r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

c o m b i n e d . R & D w a s t h e p r i m a r y a c t ivity of 1 o u t of e v e r y 2 scientists,

b u t of o n l y 1 o u t of e v e r y 3 e n g i n e e r s .

In five i n d u s t r y g r o u p s - - t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t , e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p ­

m e n t , textile m i l l p r o d u c t s , o r d n a n c e , a n d i n s t r u m e n t s - - a t l e a s t half

of th e s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w e r e in r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t

activities,

T E C H N I C I A N S

O f the 585 , 0 0 0 t e c h n i c i a n ” e m p l o y e d in i n d u s t r y in J a n u a r y 1 962,

4 4 p e r c e n t w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a s e n g i n e e r i n g a n d p h y s i c a l s c i e n c e t e c h ­

n i c i a n s , 3 6 p e r c e n t a s d r a f t s m e n , 3 p e r c e n t a s m e d i c a l , a g r i c u l t u r a l ,

a n d b i o l o g i c a l t e c h n i c i a n s , a n d th e r e m a i n d e r w e r e u n c l a s s i f i e d .

A p p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f of all t e c h n i c i a n s w e r e e m p l o y e d in f o u r m a j o r

i n d u s t r y g r o u p s - - s e r v i c e s , e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t , m a c h i n e r y , a n d

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .

T h e r atio of t e c h n i c i a n s to s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w a s , o n ihe

a v e r a g e , 6 2 p e r 1 0 0 in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s a n d 8 6 p e r 1 0 0 in

n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s .

A p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 o u t of e v e r y 4 t e c h n i c i a n s w a s e n g a g e d in r e ­

s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t .

Y E A R - T O - Y E A R C H A N G E

E m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s in i n d u s t r y w a s 4 p e r ­

c e n t g r e a t e r in 1 9 6 2 t h a n in 1961. T h i s w a s a s l o w e r r a t e of g r o w t h

t h a n f o r 1 9 6 0 - 6 1 (6.1 p e r c e n t ) o r f o r 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ( 6 . 4 p e r c e n t ) .

T e c h n i c i a n e m p l o y m e n t r o s e a b o u t 3 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n 1 9 6l a n d

1962. T h i s i n c r e a s e w a s l e s s t h a n f o r th e p r e v i o u s y e a r (4. 6 p e r ­

cent), a n d m u c h b e l o w the 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 g r o w t h r a t e (8.1 p e r c e n t ) .

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Employment of

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in Industry, 1962

U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R 

W . W illa rd W ir t z , S e c r e ta r y

Bulletin No. 1418

June 1964

BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTICS

Ewan Claguo, Commissioner

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P R E F A C E

This report presents the m a j o r findings of a survey of the e m p l o y ­

m e n t of scientific and technical personnel in industry as of January 1962. 

T he survey,the fourth in a series of similar surveys, w a s conducted by 

the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics, U. S. D e p a r t m e n t of Labor. The series 

w a s developed under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation, 

which published the reports on the earlier surveys. These surveys of 

industrial e m p l o y m e n t of scientific and technical personnel are a part 

of a c o mprehensive p r o g r a m designed to yield complete coverage of the 

e m p l o y m e n t of scientists and engineers. The B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics 

conducts related surveys of State g o v e r n m e n t agencies biennially, and 

of local g o vernments on an occasional basis. Other U.S. G o v e r n m e n t 

agencies cover the remaining sectors of scientific and technical e m p l o y ­

ment.

Data for this report w e r e collected through questionnaires mailed 

to a sample of establishments carefully selected to be representative of 

the Nation’s industry. T h e response to the survey w a s excellent; nearly

90 percent of the approximately 14, 200 establishments in the sample 

provided usable information. Excluded w e r e self-employed scientists 

and engineers and those emp l o y e d in certain small co m p anies outside 

the scope of the survey. F o r further information on coverage see 

appendix B of this report.

The B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics wishes to express its appreciation 

to the m a n y organizations and individuals w h o s e cooperation m a d e this 

survey possible, especially to the companies that supplied data on their 

scientific and technical personnel.

This bulletin w a s prepared by Michael D. Wertheimer, with the 

assistance of Allan Katz and Sylvia K. L awrence, under the supervision of William L. Copeland. The study w a s conducted under the 

general direction of C o r a E. Taylor, Chief of the B u r e a u ’s Division 

of Occupational E m p l o y m e n t Statistics, and Harold Goldstein, Assistant 

C o m m i s s i o n e r for M a n p o w e r and E m p l o y m e n t Statistics.

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C O N

Page

Highlights ........................................................ 1

Points to keep in mind ............................................. 3

Scientists and engineers--

By occupation................................................... 4

By industry..................................................... 6

By size of establishment ......................................... 7

By function ..................................................... 8

R& D scientists and engineers--

By occupation................................................... 9

By industry................................................. 10

Related to size of establishment................................... 11

Non-R&D scientists and engineers................................... 12

Technicians--

By occupation................................................... 13

By industry..................................................... 14

Ratio to scientists and engineers.................................. 15

R & D technicians................................................... 16

Changes in scientific and engineering employment..................... 17

Changes in technician employment................................... 18

Appendixes

A. Statistical tables................................................ 19

B. Scope and method............................................... 71

C. Technical notes................................................. 78

D. Questionnaire and covering letters .... 82

Statistical Tables

A-l. Scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry,

January 1962 ...................................... 20

A-2. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by occupational

group and industry, January 1962 ............................. 22

A-3. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry,

January 1962 ............................................... 24

A-4. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of

establishment and industry, January 1962 ...................... 26

A - 5. Scientists and engineers as percent of total employment, by size

of establishment and industry, January 1962 .................... 28

A-6. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and occupational

group, January 1962 ....................... 30

A-7. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of

establishment and occupational group, January 1962 .............. 31

A-8. Scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group,

January 1962 ................................................ 32

A-9. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and

occupational group, January 1962 ............................. 33

T E N T S

Statistical Tables -- continued Page

A - 10. Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .. 34

A - 11. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and

industry, January 1962 ...................................... 36

A - 12. Scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment,

January 1962 .............................. 

A - 13. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and

size of establishment, January 1962 .......................... 39

A - 14. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 . 40

A - 15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all

activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 .... 42

A - 16. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 44

A - 17. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all

activities, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 . . 46

A - 18. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, by size of establishment and occupational group,

January 1962 .............................................. 48

A - 19. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and

development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all

activities, by size of establishment and occupational group,

January 1962 .............................................. 49

A-20. Engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .............. 50

A-21. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 . 52

A-22. Percent distribution of technicians, by size of establishment and

industry, January 1962..................................... 54

A-23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962.... 56

A - 24. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and

industry, January 1962 .................................... 58

A-25. Technicians, by occupational group and size of establishment,

January 1962............... 60

A-26. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and

size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ 61

A - 27. Scientists and engineers, technicians, and ratio of technicians

to scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ........ 62

A-28. Scientists and engineers, and technicians, primarily, engaged in

research and development, and ratio of R & D technicians to

R& D scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ...... 64

A-29. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by

industry, January 1962 .................................... 66

A - 30. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by

size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ 68

A-31. Scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962, and percent

change from January 1961.................................. 69

A-32. Technicians, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from

January 1961 ............................................. 70

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P O I N T S T O K E E P I N M I N D

• THE SURVEY RESULTS ARE ESTIMATES BASED ON A SAMPLE OF ESTABLISHMENTS. SINCE SUCH ESTIMATES 

ARE APPROXIMATIONS, ROUNDED FIGURES ARE SHOWN THROUGHOUT THE REPORT. TOTALS AND PERCENTAGES WERE CALCULATED, HOWEVER, ON UNROUNDED FIGURES, AND HENCE THE DETAILED DATA PRESENTED 

IN TABLES AND CHARTS MAY NOT ALWAYS ADD TO THE TOTALS SHOWN.

• ALL OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT FIGURES USED IN THIS REPORT REFER TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS 

ACTUALLY WORKING AS SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, OR TECHNICIANS IN JANUARY 1962—REGARDLESS OF 

THE FIELD IN WHICH THEY MAY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR EDUCATION OR TRAINING. THE FULL DEFINITIONS 

ARE REPRODUCED IN APPENDIX D.

• ALL INDUSTRY CATEGORIES ARE BASED ON THE STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION MANUAL OF I9S7 

AND ITS 1958 SUPPLEMENT, (EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, BUREAU OF THE BUDGET).

CERTAIN TWO-DIGIT AND THREE-DIGIT INDUSTRIES ARE COMBINED FOR TECHNICAL REASONS.

• THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY WITH RESPECT TO OCCUPATIONAL 

EMPLOYMENT WITHIN BROAD INDUSTRY GROUPINGS. THE DETAILED FINDINGS ARE PRESENTED IN THE 

TABLES IN APPENDIX A.

-3-

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS- b

By Occupation

ENGINEERS OUTNUMBER SCIENTISTS 

IN INDUSTRY BY 4 TO 1

N U M B E R O F E N G IN E E R S A N D S C IE N T IS T S

6 8 4 , 0 0 0

UNCLASSIFIED

MATHEMATICIANS 

LIFE SCIENTISTS

PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS

E N G I N E E R S S C I E N T I S T S

AS OF JANUARY 1962 INDUSTRY EMPLOYED 

852,000 ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS

^ 6 8 4 ,0 0 0 E n gin e e rs

^ 168,000 Scientists

SCIENTISTS

121.000 P h ysical Scientists

2 7 .0 0 0 Life Scientists

15.000 M a th e m a tic ia n s

5 .0 0 0 U nclassifie d

PHYSICAL

SCIENTISTS

8 2 .0 0 0 Chem ists

14.000 Physicists

13.000 G e o lo g ists a n d

G e o p h y sicists

12.000 M e tallurgists

LIFE

SCIENTISTS

10,000 B iologists

9 .0 0 0 A gricu ltu ra l

Scientists

8 .0 0 0 M e d ic a l

Scientists

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS-----

By Occupation

SCIENTISTS—TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN ENGINEERS-TEND TO BE CONCENTRATED IN ONE

OR A FEW INDUSTRIES.

ENGINEERS

INDUSTRY

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 

AND SUPPLIES

TRANSPORTATION

EQUIPMENT

SERVICES

MACHINERY (EXCEPT 

ELECTRICAL)

PERCENT OF TOTAL

0 20 40______ 60______ 80 100

all other

PHYSICISTS

INDUSTRY

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 

AND SUPPLIES

SERVICES

TRANSPORTATION

EQUIPMENT

CHEMICALS

ALL OTHER

PERCENT OF TOTAL

20 40 60 80 100

MEDICAL SCIENTISTS

INDUSTRY

CHEMICALS

SERVICES

ALL OTHER

Digitized 

- 5 -

for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS----

By Industry

WHO EMPLOYS SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ?

M o r e than 7 out of 10 are in m anufacturing industries.

Em p lo ym e n t o f Scientists a n d E n gine e rs in Selected Industries*

January 1962

Four m anufacturing industry gro u p s account

for alm ost half o f all scientists a n d engineers.

M an u factu rin g and N onm anufacturing Industries Differ with Respect to

the Proportions o f Scientists and Engineers Em ployed

NONMANUFACTURING

MANUFACTURING

S C I E N T I S T S E N G I N E E R S

THOUSANDS

MANUFACTURING 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

IN D U STRIES

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

AND SUPPLIES

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED

PRODUCTS

MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL )

ORDNANCE AND ACC ESSOR IES

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED

PRODUCTS

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

FOOD AND KINDRED PR ODUCTS

PETROLEUM REFINING

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

STO NE , CLAY, AND G L A SS

PRODUCTS

RUBBER AND M ISCELLANEOUS

PL A S T IC S PRODUCTS

TEXTILE MILL PRODUC TS

NONMANUFACTURING

INDUSTRIES

SERVICES

TRANSPORTATION AND

PU B LIC UTILITIES

C O NTR AC T CO NSTRUCTION

W HO L ESA L E AND RETAIL TRADE

MINING

Digitized for FRASER - 6 -

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS----

By Size of Establishment

SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ARE 

CONCENTRATED IN LARGE 

MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS— 

THOSE WITH 1,000 EMPLOYEES 

OR MORE.

O f the 614,000 scientists a n d e n gin e e rs e m p lo y e d

in m anufacturing, 6 4 percent a re in the large st

plants.

NONMANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS SHOW A DIFFERENT PATTERN.

O f the 2 38,000 scientists a n d e n gin e e rs in

n on m anu facturin g, o n ly 27 percent a re in the

large st plants.

D IS T R IB U T IO N O F S C IE N T IS T S A N D E N G IN E E R S

By S iz e of Establishm ent, J a n u a ry 1962

(1 0 0 % = 8 5 2 ,0 0 0 Scientists a n d Engineers) 46%

N u m b e r of

E m p l o y e e s ... . U n d e r 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 4 9 9 5 0 0 - 9 9 9 1 0 0 0 or m o r e

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS - ^

By Function

WHAT DO SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS DO?

A b o u t 2 out o f 3 a re e n g a g e d either in production a n d o p e ratio n s o r in pe rfo rm ing re se arch a n d deve lopm ent (R & D).

^ F e w e r than a third o f those in m a n a g e m e n t a n d adm inistration a re co n ce rn e d with R & D.

P E R C E N T D IS T R IB U T IO N O F S C IE N T IS T S A N D E N G IN E E R S , BY F U N C T IO N , J A N U A R Y 1962

(100 Percent = 8 5 2 ,0 0 0 Scientists a n d Engineers)

3 4 %

P R O D U C T I O N P E R F O R M I N G M A N A G E M E N T T E C H N I C A L S A L E S

A N D A N D A N D O T H E R A C T I V I T I E S

O P E R A T I O N S R 8 D A D M I N I S T R A T I O N S E R V I C E

Digitized for FRASER -8-

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
R&D SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS-----

By Occupation

• OUT OF 852,000 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS-- 

221,000 ENGINEERS AND 83,000 SCIENTISTS

ARE ENGAGED IN THE PERFORMANCE 

OR ADMINISTRATION OF RESEARCH 

AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D).

• ONE OUT OF EVERY 2 SCIENTISTS

IS ENGAGED IN R&D;

THE RATIO FOR ENGINEERS IS ONLY 

I OUT OF 3.

• MORE THAN HALF OF THE PHYSICISTS, 

CHEMISTS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS, AND 

MATHEMATICIANS ARE ENGAGED IN R&D.

Percent o f Scientists a n d En gine e rs E n g a g e d in P e rfo rm a n ce

o r A dm inistration o f R & D, J a n u a ry 1962

OCCUPATION

A LL O C CUPA T IO NS

PERCENT

4 0 60

ENGINEERS

SCIENTISTS

PHYS ICISTS

Li_____ ____

____

_________ ' m

BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS

M ATH EM AT IC IANS

m e t a l l u r g i s t s

AGRICULTURAL

SC IENTISTS

MEDICAL SCIENTISTS -

GEOLOGISTS AND

GEOPHYSICISTS

U NC LASS IF IED -

80

I

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
R&D SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER

By Industry

INDUSTRIES VARY W IDELY WITH RESPECT 

TO THEIR USE OF SCIENTISTS AND 

ENGINEERS IN R & D —

Five industries e m p l o y at least half o f their scientists

a n d e n g i n e e r s in R & D.

^ F o u r o f t h e s e industries a r e h e a v i l y i n v o l v e d in

a e r o - s p a c e activities.

T h e y a c c o u n t f or 5 3 % o f all scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s

e m p l o y e d in R & D .

MOST INDUSTRIES UTILIZE BETWEEN 

5 AND 10 PERCENT OF THEIR R & D 

SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN 

MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE 

WORK.

S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S I N R 8, D A C T I V I T I E S —

A s p e r c e n t o f total scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

SELECTED INDUSTRIES

ALL INDUSTRIES

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

EL EC TR IC AL EQ UIPM EN T A N D

SUPPLIES

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES

INST RU ME NT S A N D R E LA TE D

PRODUCTS

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED

PRODUCTS

MACH IN ER Y (EXCEPT

ELECTRICAL)

RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

FOOD AN D KINDRED PRODUCTS

SERVICES

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS

PRODUCTS

FABRICATED METAL

PRODUCTS

PAPER AND ALLIED

PRODUCTS

PRIMARY METAL

INDUSTRIES

PE TR OL EU M REFINING

PERCENT ENGAGED IN R& D

20 30 40 60

PER F O R M A N C E

MANAGEMENT AND

ADM INISTRATIO N

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
• IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, THE NUMBER 

OF SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ENGAGED IN 

R a D ACTIVITIES VARIES DIRECTLY WITH THE 

SIZE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.

IN NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, THE 

RELATIONSHIP DO ES NOT HOLD.

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES EM PLOY A 

MUCH HIGHER PROPORTION OF SCIENTISTS 

AND ENGINEERS IN R O D THAN 

NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.

D S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S

a t e d t o S i z e o f E s t a b l i s h m e n t

P E R C E N T O F R & D S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S E M P L O Y E D IN

M A N U F A C T U R I N G A N D N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G I N D U S T R I E S

B y siz e of establishment, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

PERCENT

EMPLOYEES Under IOO 100-499 5 0 0 -9 9 9

SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENT

1.000 or more

IDigitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N O N • R & D S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S ---------

• THE MAJORITY OF ENGINEERS AND PH YSICAL SCIENTISTS ARE ENGAGED IN PRODUCTION 

AND OPERATIONS.

• M EDICAL SCIENTISTS ARE CONCENTRATED IN TECHNICAL SA L E S AND SERVICE.

• APPRO XIM ATELY 20 PERCENT OF ALL NON-R 8 D SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS PERFORM 

MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS.

D I S T R I B U T I O N O F N O N - R & D S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S

B y Function a n d O c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

O c c u p a t i o n

T o t a l D i s t r i b u t i o n b y f u n c t i o n

N u m b e r

( t h o u s a n d s )

P e r c e n t 1

P r o d u c t i o n

a n d

o p e r a t i o n s

T e c h n i c a l

s a l e s a n d

s e r v i c e

O t h e r n o n ­

m a n a g e m e n t

M a n a g e m e n t

a n d

a d m i n i s t r a t i o n

T o t a l s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s ___________ 5 4 8 1 0 0 . 0 5 3 . 3 1 6 . 9 1 0 . 2 1 9 . 6

A l l e n g i n e e r s . 4 6 4 1 0 0 . 0 5 4 . 5 1 6 . 2 9 . 3 2 0 . 0

A l l s c i e n t i s t s _ _ 8 4 1 0 0 . 0 4 6 . 4 2 1 . 1 1 5 . 0 1 7 . 5

P h y s i c a l s c i e n t i s t s _ 5 7 1 0 0 . 0 5 3 . 3 1 6 . 3 1 3 . 0 1 7 . 4

C h e m i s t s _______________________________________ 3 6 1 0 0 . 0 5 5 . 5 2 1 . 5 6 . 9 1 6 . 1

G e o l o g i s t s a n d g e o p h y s i c i s t s 1 2 1 0 0 . 0 4 2 . 0 3 . 1 3 6 . 9 1 8 . 0

M e t a l l u r g i s t s 7 1 0 0 . 0 6 2 . 6 1 0 . 5 3 . 9 2 3 . 0

P h y s i c i s t s _ 2 1 0 0 . 0 4 6 . 0 1 9 . 9 1 5 . 9 1 8 . 2

L i f e s c i e n t i s t s ___________________________________ 1 7 1 0 0 . 0 2 9 . 4 3 7 . 4 1 6 . 3 1 6 . 9

A g r i c u l t u r a l s c i e n t i s t s _________________ 6 1 0 0 . 0 3 5 . 9 1 7 . 5 2 0 . 3 2 6 . 3

M e d i c a l s c i e n t i s t s _________________________ 6 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 5 7 . 3 2 0 . 9 1 1 . 7

B i o l o g i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ___________________ 5 1 0 0 . 0 4 4 . 9 4 0 . 1 4 . 8 1 0 . 2

M a t h e m a t i c i a n s _________________________________ 7 1 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 2 1 . 8 1 9 . 1 1 8 . 8

U n c l a s s i f i e d s c i e n t i s t s 3 1 0 0 . 0 2 2 . 8 1 7 . 5 3 9 . 6 2 0 . 1

1 P e r c e n t s a r e b a s e d o n u n r o u n d e d d a t a .

-1 2 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T E C H N I C I A N S

B y O c c u p a t i o n

A S OF JANUARY 1 9 6 2 - THERE WERE 585,000 TECHNICIANS:

2 5 5 . 0 0 0 Engineering a n d physical

science technicians

2 1 3 . 0 0 0 D r a f t s m e n

1 7 , 0 0 0 Medical, agricultural,

a n d biological technicians

101.000 Unclassified technicians

2 O U T O F 5 T E C H N I C I A N S A R E E M P L O Y E D IN T H E L A R G E S T E S T A B L I S H M E N T S

(1,000 e m p l o y e e s or m o r e )

1 0 0 P e r c e n t = 5 8 5 , 0 0 0 T e c h n i c i a n s

Occupation

All technicians

Percent in

manufacturing

industries

65.0

PERCENT OF TOTAL

50

4 0

30 -

Engineering and physical 73.0 -V - 21 %

science technicians

20

- giisiiS

Draftsmen 59.0

1 0 ______ 1__

Medical, agricultural, and

biological technicians

67.0

0

Unclassified technicians

Medical, agricultural and biological technicians

Engineering and physical science technicians

Draftsmen

25%

Unclassified technicians 56.0

Number of

Employees

44%

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more

-13-

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T E C H N I C I A N S 

B y I n d u s t r y

FOUR MAJOR INDUSTRIES EM PLOY 

54 PERCENT OF ALL TECHNICIANS :

►

S E R V I C E S 1 8 %

►

E L E C T R I C A L E Q U I P M E N T 1 5 %

►

M A C H I N E R Y ( E X C E P T E L E C T R I C A L ) 1 1 %

► T R A N S P O R T A T I O N E Q U I P M E N T 1 0 %

THREE INDUSTRIES EM PLOY MORE 

TECHNICIANS THAN SCIENTISTS AND 

ENGINEERS:

^ A G R I C U L T U R A L S E R V I C E S ,

F O R E S T R Y , A N D F I S H E R I E S

► S E R V I C E S

^ L U M B E R A N D W O O D P R O D U C T S

# TECHNICIANS A R E CONCENTRATED DIFFERENTLY 

BY OCCUPATION ACCORDING TO INDUSTRY

O C C U P A T I O N A L D I S T R I B U T I O N O F T E C H N I C I A N S

B y Industry, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

I n d u s t r y

A l l

t e c h n i c i a n s

D r a f t s m e n

E n g i n e e r s

a n d

p h y s i c a l

s c i e n c e

t e c h n i c i a n s

M e d i c a l ,

a g r i c u l t u r a l ,

b i o l o g i c a l

t e c h n i c i a n s

U n c l a s s i f i e d

t e c h n i c i a n s

A l l i n d u s t r i e s :

N u m b e r 5 8 5 , 0 0 0 2 1 3 , 0 0 0 2 5 5 , 0 0 0 1 7 , 0 0 0 1 0 1 , 0 0 0

P e r c e n t _ 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0

O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s 2 . 4 2 . 1 3 . 2 0 . 6 1 . 2

F o o d a n d f o o d p r o d u c t s 2 . 4 . 5 1 . 5 2 6 . 9 4 . 2

C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d

p r o d u c t s 7 . 4 1. 6 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 8 8 . 7

P r i m a r y m e t a l s i n d u s t r i e s 3 . 2 2 . 2 4 . 2 1 . 2 3 . 3

F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s 4 . 2 7 . 1 2 . 6 . 3 2 . 9

M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t

e l e c t r i c a l 1 0 . 8 1 5 . 4 9 . 1 . 9 7 . 1

E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d

s u p p l i e s 1 4 . 5 1 2 . 3 1 8 . 3 1 . 1 1 1 . 8

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t 9 . 9 9 . 7 1 1 . 8 2 . 4 6 . 8

I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d

p r o d u c t s ______ 3 . 6 3 . 2 4 . 2 1. 7 3 . 6

C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n 4 . 2 7 . 1 1 . 5 . 1 5 . 6

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c

u t i l i t i e s _________________________________ 7 . 6 4 . 3 8 . 8 . 8 1 2 . 6

W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e 3 . 2 2 . 1 2 . 0 . 2 9 . 3

S e r v i c e s _ . 1 7 . 7 2 5 . 8 1 2 . 1 2 3 . 2 1 4 . 0

A l l o t h e r _________________________________ 8 . 9 6 . 6 1 0 . 5 9 . 8 8 . 9

14

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
• THE RATIO OF TECHNICIANS TO SCIENTISTS

AND ENGINEERS IS 3 TO 5 IN MANUFACTURING 

INDUSTRIES CO M PARED WITH 4 TO 5 IN 

NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.

• FEW INDU STRIES EM PLO Y M O RE 

TEC H N IC IAN S THAN SC IEN TISTS AND

ENGINEERS.

T E C H N I C I A N S ---------

a t i o t o S c i e n t i s t s a n d E n g i n e e r s

A V E R A G E N U M B E R O F T E C H N I C I A N S P E R 1 0 0 S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S ,

J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

SELECT ED INDUSTRIES o 20 4 0 6 0 8 0 100 120

ALL INDUSTRIES

SERVICES

L U M B E R A N D W O O D PRODUCTS,

EXCEPT FURNITURE

F A B R I C A T E D M E T A L P R O D U C T S

M A C H I N E R Y (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)

TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC

UTILITIES

I N S T R U M E N T S A N D R E L A T E D

P R O D U C T S

E L E C T R I C A L MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT,

A ND SUPPLIES

F O O D A N D KI N D R E D PRODU C T S

RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

C O N T R A C T CONSTRUCTION

W H O L E S A L E AND RETAIL T R A D E

PRIMARY M E T A L INDUSTRIES

T E X T I L E M ILL P R O D U C T S

STONE, CLAY, A N D G L A S S

PRODUCTS

TRANSPORTATION E Q U I P M E N T

15-

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
R & D T E C H N I C I A N S

APPROXIM ATELY 1 OUT OF EVERY 4 

TECHNICIANS IS ENGAGED IN R 6 D

T E C H N I C I A N S I N R & D A S P E R C E N T O F T O T A L T E C H N I C I A N S

Selected Industries, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

PERCENT

INDUSTRY

ALL INDUSTRIES

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY,

EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED

PRODUCTS

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS

PRODUCTS

OR DN AN CE AND ACCESSORIES

RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

MACHI NER Y (EXCEPT

ELECTRICAL)

PETROLEUM REFINING

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

PA PER A N D ALLIED PR OD U C T S

0 10 20 30 40 50

i 1 i l 1

SlllSlllllJ88

m r n m m

m m

MOST INDUSTRIES USE RELATIVELY FEWER TECHNICIANS 

THAN SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN R8>D

P E R C E N T O F T O T A L T E C H N I C I A N S , A N D O F T O T A L S C I E N T I S T S

INDUSTRY

A N D E N G I N E E R S , IN R & D

S e l e c t e d Industries, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

PERCENT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

|------- --- 1----------- 1 1 1----------- 1--------- ~l

ALL INDUSTRIES 1

ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

SERVICES

FOOD AND KI NDRED PRODUC TS

MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED

PRODUCTS

RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS

PLASTICS PRODUCTS

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY,

EQUIPMENT, A N D SUPPLIES

I___________ i___________ i___________ i___________ i___________ i-.. .....i

TECHNICIANS SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS

O N LY T W O INDUSTRIES USE RELATIVELY M O RE--

1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1

PETROLEUM REFINING

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS

PRODUCTS

Digitized for FRASER -16-

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C H A N G E S I N S C I E N T I F I C A N

RATE O F G R O W T H IN E M P L O Y M E N T

O F SCIENTISTS A N D ENGINEERS IN

INDUSTRY S L O W E D IN 1961-62 PERIOD.

RATE OF CHANGE

JAN. 1959-

JAN. I960

JAN. 1960-

JAN. 1961

JAN. 1961-

JAN. 1962

D E N G I N E E R I N G E M P L O Y M E N T

M O S T INDUSTRIES E M P L O Y E D M O R E SCIENTISTS

A N D ENGINEERS IN 1962 T H A N IN 1961-

scien tists AND ENGINEERS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES

Percent change, January 1961 to January 1962

PERCENT

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

17-

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C H A N G E S I N T E C H N I C I A N E M P L O Y M E N T

RATE O F G R O W T H IN E M P L O Y M E N T O F TECHNICIANS IN INDUSTRY H A S DECLINED.

RATE OF CHANGE

8 .1 %

TECHNICIANS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES

Percent Change, January 1961 - January 1962

PERCEN T

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

-13-

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S T A T I S T I C A L T A B L E S

The following tables present separate estimates for

different industries or industry groups, and for different

sizes of establishments, wherever possible. The numbers of

industries and other categories for which separate figures

can be given are limited by a need to maintain the confidentiality of data supplied by individual establishments,

the design of the sample, and other technical factors. On

the tables presenting data distributed by industry and size

of establishment, two industries or more within certain major

industry groups have been combined into residual groups. For

example, the "other chemical products" group includes agricultural chemicals and all other chemical products not shown

separately; and the "other manufacturing industries" group

includes tobacco manufactures, apparel and finished products,

furniture and fixtures, printing and publishing, paving and

roofing materials, miscellaneous products of petroleum and

coal, leather products, and miscellaneous manufacturing. Among

-I

A P P E N D I X A

the nonmanufacturing industry groups, "communications" includes telephone and telegraph communications, the radio and

television broadcasting industry, and all other communication

services; the "other services" group combines medical and

dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services,

and all other services (except nonprofit, educational, private

households, and accounting services).

All the absolute figures presented in these tables are

rounded because they represent estimates based on sample data.

All totals and percentages, however, have been calculated on

the basis of unrounded figures. Therefore, some of the rounded

figures shown in the tables do not always correspond exactly

with the sums of other rounded figures or percentages computed

from rounded data.

Percentages are shown to one decimal place to distinguish

them from absolute figures and thus facilitate reading of the

tables. The percentages, like the aggregate figures, are

estimates subject to sampling errors.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-l. Scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962

In du stry

Scien ­

t i s t s and

engineers

Engineers Chemists

Physic i s t s

M etallu r g is t s

Geolog i s t s and

geophysic i s t s

. Mathemat ic ia n sM edical

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

A g r ic u ltu r a l

scie n ­

t i s t s

B io lo g ­

i c a l

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

Unclass i f i e d

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

Number

A ll In d u s tr ie s ........................................... 85X .600 681*,600 81,600 1 3 ,9 0 0 12,1*00 X 2 ,900 XI*, 700 7 ,7 0 0 8,600 X 0 .200 5,000

M anufacturing........................................................................ # 6 1 3 ,6 0 0 1*80,300 69,200 11,500 1 1 ,1 0 0 U,xoo 9 ,7 0 0 7,300 7 ,5 o o 8,1*00 t»,700

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ........................................... 3 9 ,5 0 0 3 6 ,9 0 0 600 1 ,0 0 0 300 (X) 600 (X) (X) 100 (X)

Food and kindred p ro d u cts......................................... 2 2 ,2 0 0 10,1*00 5,300 (1 ) (1 ) (X) 200 (X) 1»,!*00 5oo x ,5o o

T e x tile m ill p ro d u c ts................................................... 7 ,0 0 0 1*,100 2,800 (1) (1 ) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Lumber and wood p ro d u cts, except fu rn itu re 1,600 000 200 (1 ) (1 ) (X) (X) (X) 500 (X) (X)

Paper and a llie d p rodu cts......................................... 1 1 ,7 0 0 7 ,9 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 100 (1 ) (X) xoo (X) 500 xoo (X)

Chemicals and a lli e d p r o d u c t s .......................... 95,5 o o 3 9 ,2 0 0 3 5 ,8 0 0 1,600 600 300 800 7 , XOO X ,8 00 7 ,3 0 0 x ,x o o

In d u s tr ia l ch em icals................................................ 1*5,900 2 6 ,2 0 0 15,600 1,1*00 1*00 200 5oo xoo 1*00 700 300

P la s t ic s and s y n th e tic s , except g l a s s . . . 8 ,2 0 0 l*,l*oo 3,5o o 100 (1 ) (X) xoo (X) (X) xoo 100

Drugs..................................................................................... 21,600 1,600 6 ,1 0 0 (1 ) (1 ) (x> xoo 6 ,9 0 0 700 5,800 300

A g r ic u ltu r a l ch em icals........................................... 2,200 500 1 ,1 0 0 (1 ) (X) (X) (X) (X) 5oo xoo (X)

Other chem ical p ro d u c ts........................................ 17,600 6,1*00 9 , Soo 100 100 xoo xoo xoo 100 700 1*00

Petroleum r e f in in g .......................................................... 2 0 ,9 0 0 l!» ,lo o 3 , $00 200 (X) 2,800 200 (X) 100 (X) (X )

Rubber and m iscellan eou s p la s t ic s products 7 ,7 0 0 5,800 1 ,8 0 0 100 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

S ton e, c la y , and g la s s p ro d u c ts.......................... 9 ,1 0 0 7,500 1,300 200 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Primary m etal in d u s tr ie s ........................................... 3 2 ,0 0 0 22,700 2,800 100 5 ,9 0 0 xoo 200 (X) xoo (X) (X)

B la st furnace and b a sic s t e e l p r o d u c ts .. 20,2 0 0 l!»,l*00 1 ,7 0 0 100 3 ,7 0 0 100 200 (X) xoo (X) (X)

Other prim ary m etal in d u s tr ie s ....................... 11,800 8 ,3 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 (X) 2 ,2 0 0 (X) 2 ,2 0 0 (X) xoo (X) (X)

F ab ricated m etal p ro d u c ts................................... 2 5 ,1 0 0 2 2 ,7 0 0 1 ,$ 0 0 100 5oo (X) 200 ' (X ) (X) (X) (X)

M achinery, except e l e c t r i c a l................................. 6 9 ,2 0 0 61*,000 1 ,3 0 0 800 X ,0 00 100 X ,700 (X) (X) xoo 200

Engines and tu r b in e s ................................................

O f fi c e , computing, and accounting

3 ,9 0 0 3,600 100 (1 ) xoo (X) 100 (X) (X) (X) (X)

m achines......................................................................... ll*,l*00 1 1 ,8 0 0 Uoo 5oo xoo (X) 1,1*00 (X) (X ) (X) xoo

Farm machinery and equipment............................ 7,1*00 7 ,1 0 0 100 (1 ) 200 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Other m achinery............................................................ 1*3,600 1*1,500 800 300 600 xoo 200 (X) (X) xoo (X)

E le c t r ic a l equipment and s u p p l i e s . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 ,2 0 0 1 1 2 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 700 (X) 2,600 (X) (X) (X) 700

E le c t r ic d is tr ib u tio n equipment and

in d u s tr ia l apparatus........................................... 2 5 ,3 0 0 23,800 600 1*00 200 (X) 200 (X) (X ) (X) xoo

Household a p p lia n c e s................................................ 3 ,7 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 100 (1 ) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Communication equipm ent........................................ 55,1*00 5 o ,5 o o 600 1 ,9 0 0 200 (1 ) 1,600 (X) (X) (X) 600

E le c t r ic lig h tin g and w iring equipm ent.. !»,200 3,900 100 100 (1 ) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

E le c tro n ic components and a c c e s s o r i e s ... 1 8 ,7 0 0 16,000 1 ,1 0 0 900 200 (X) 500 (X) (X) (X) (X)

Radio and t e le v is io n re ceiv in g s e t s ...........

M iscellan eou s e le c t r i c a l equipment and

1 0 ,8 0 0 9 ,9 0 0 200 5oo (X) (X) 200 (X) (X) (X) (X)

s u p p lie s .........................................................................

See footn ote a t end o f ta b le .

5 ,1 0 0 l*,5oo Uoo 100 xoo (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

2 0

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-l. Scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 — Continued

Indu stry

S cien ­

t i s t s and

engineers

Engineers Chemists

Physic i s t s

M etallu r g is t s

Geolog i s t s and

geophysic i s t s

Mathemat ic ia n sM edical

scie n ­

t i s t s

A gricultu r a l

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

B io lo gi c a l

scien ­

t i s t s

U nclass i f i e d

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

Number

T ransportation equipment.................................. . . . . n o ,l* o o 100,100 2 ,5 0 0 1,900 1,800 200 2 ,7 0 0 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 200 1,000

Motor v e h ic le s and equipment............................... 22,200 20,800 5oo 200 1*00 w 200 ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1) t i )

A ir c r a ft and p a r ts ....................................................... 83,000 7l*,!*00 1,900 1 ,7 0 0 1,300 200 2, 1(00 ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1)

Other tra n sp o rta tio n equipment.......................... 5,100 1»,900 100 (1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 100 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Instrum ents and r e la te d p rodu cts......................... 30,200 2 5 ,5 0 0 2,000 1 , 1*00 100 1*00 1*00 100 100 100 200

Engineering and s c i e n t i f i c in s tr u m e n ts ... i i ,5 o o 10,200 300 300 100 1*00 200 ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other instrum ents and re la te d p r o d u c t s ... 18,800 1 5 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1,200 100 ( 1) 200 100 ( 1 ) 100 200

Other manufacturing in d u s tr ie s .............................. 8,300 6,600 i ,5 o o 100 ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Nonmanufacturing...................................................................... 238,000 20l*,300 12, 1*00 2 ,5 0 0 1,300 8,800 5,000 1*00 1,100 1,800 300

M ining.......................................................................................... 2U,600 1 5 ,9 0 0 900 ( 1 ) 1*00 7,000 100 ( 1) ( 1) 200 ( 1 )

Crude petroleum and n atu ra l g a s ....................... 16, 1*00 9 ,5 0 0 100 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6,500 100 ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1)

M etal m ining............................................................ 3, 1*00 2,200 1*00 ( 1) 1*00 1*00 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Coal m ining......................................................................... 3,100 2,800 300 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 100 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Quarrying and n on m etallic m ining..................... 1,800 1 ,5 0 0 200 ( 1) ( 1 ) 100 (1 ) (1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Contract co n stru c tio n ..................................................... 1*1,000 1*0,700 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1) 200 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

T ran sportation and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .................. 1*9,200 1*7,600 5oo ( 1) ( 1 ) 600 300 ( 1 ) 200 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

R ailroa d tr a n sp o r ta tio n ........................................... 5 ,3 0 0 5,000 200 ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 100 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other tr a n s p o r ta tio n ................... . ........................... 1*,200 1*,100 ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 )

Communication.................................................................... 1 3 ,7 0 0 1 3 ,7 0 0 ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 )

E le c t r ic , g a s, and sa n ita ry s e r v le t s ..,.^ .. 26,000 21*, 800 300 ( 1) ( 1 ) 5oo 300 ( 1 ) 100 ( 1 ) ( 1)

W holesale and r e t a i l tr a d e ........................................ 3 1 ,2 0 0 23,500 6,Uoo 200 300 ( 1) 800 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 100

F inan ce, insurance, and r e a l e s t a t e .................. l*,500 2,700 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

( 1) ( 1) 1,600 100 ( 1) ( 1 ) 100

S e r v ic e s ..................................................................................... 8 6 ,5 0 0 7 3 ,9 0 0 l*,5oo 2, k )0 600 1,200 1 ,9 0 0 300 ( 1 ) 1,600 100

Commercial la b o r a to r ie s ; b u sin ess and

management con su ltin g s e r v ic e s .................. 3l*,100 25,800 3,800 1,600 300 1*00 i,5 o o 300 ( 1) 300 100

M edical and den tal la b o r a to r ie s ....................... 700 ( 1 ) 200 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1) 100 ( 1 ) 1*00 ( 1 )

Engineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v i c e s ... 1*9,800 1*7,100 1*00 600 200 800 1*00 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 100 ( 1 )

Other s e r v ic e s ................................................................. 1,800 1,000 100 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 700 ( 1 )

A g r ic u ltu r a l s e r v ic e s , fo r e s tr y , and

f i s h e r i e s .............................................................................. 1,000 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 900 ( 1) ( 1 )

1/ Less than 50 c a s e s ,

NOTE.--Totals have been ca lc ul at ed on the basis of unrounded

figures and therefore may not co rrespond exactly wi th those in d i ­

cated by the rounded figures shown.

2 1 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-2. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962

Industry

Scient i s t s and

engineers

Engineers Chemists

Physic i s t s

M etallu r g is ts

Geolog i s t s and

geophysic i s t s

Mathematic ia n s

M edical

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

A g ricu ltu ral

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

B io lo gic a l

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

Unclass i f i e d

sc ie n ­

t i s t ?

Percent d is tr ib u tio n

A ll in d u s t r ie s ,.......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

M an ufacturing,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. .. 7 2 .1 7 0 .2 8 4 .8 8 2 .3 8 9 .3 3 1 .5 6 5 .9 9 4 .3 8 6 .7 8 2 .3 9 4 .0

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ,..................................... 4 .6 5 .4 .7 6.8 2 .7 ( 1) 4 .0 ( 1) ( 1) .5 ( 1)

Food and kindred products..........................• • « ,,, 2.6 1 .5 6 .4 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 7 .1 ( 1) 5 0 .8 5 .1 2 8 .9

T e x tile m ill p roducts............................................... »8 .6 3 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( l )

Lumber and wood p rodu cts, except fu rn itu re .2 .1 .2 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 6 .0 ( 1) ( 1)

Paper and a lli e d p ro d u c ts,............................... 1 .4 1.1 3 .9 .4 ( 1) ( 1) .5 ( 1) 5 .7 .5 ( 1)

Chemicals and a l l i e d products............................ 11.2 5 .7 4 3 .9 11.3 4 .5 2 .4 5 .4 9 1 .8 2 0 .7 7 1 .6 2 2 .5

In d u stria l ch em icals............. ..................... .... 5 .4 3 .8 1 9.2 10.0 3 .2 1 .5 3 .5 1.6 4 .8 6.8 6 .7

P la s tic s and s y n th e tic s , except g l a s s , . . 1.0 .6 4 .2 .5 ( 1) ( 1) .5 ( 1) ( 1) .6 1 .9

D r u g s ,.•••••••••••............................................ 2 .5 .2 7 .4 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) .7 8 9 .1 8 .5 5 6 .7 6 .9

A g r ic u ltu r a l c h e m ic a ls..• • • ............. ..

.3 • 1 1 .4 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 6 .4 -5 ( 1)

Other chem ical p ro d u c ts,............... 2.1 .9 11.6 .6 1.1 .8 .8 1.1 .7 6 .9 7 .1

Petroleum r e f i n i n g ,••••••••••••............. 2 .5 2.1 4 .3 1 .3 ( 1) 21.6 1 .5 ( 1) 1.2 ( 1) ( 1)

Rubber and m iscellan eou s p la s tic s products .9 -8 2.2 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

Ston e, c la y , and g la ss p r o d u c t s ,................... 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.2 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

Primary m etal i n d u s t r i e s . . . . . . •••••••••••• 3 .8 3 .3 3 .5 1.1 4 7 .3 1 .0 1.6 ( 1) 1 .0 ( 1) ( 1)

B la st furnace and b a sic s t e e l p ro d u c ts.. 2 .4 2.1 2.1 .7 2 9 .7 .7 1 .0 ( 1) .8 ( 1) ( 1)

Other primary m etal i n d u s t r i e s ..•••••••• 1 .4 1.2 1 .4 ( 1) 1 7 .6 ( 1) .5 (1 ) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

Fabricated m etal p r o d u c ts ..................... .............. 2 .9 3 .3 1.8 .8 4 .3 ( 1) 1.1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

M achinery, except e l e c t r i c a l . . . . . ••••••••• 8.1 9 .3 1.6 5 .9 8.0 1 .0 1 1.7 ( 1) ( 1) .5 3 .6

Engines and tu r b in e s .............. .......................... ....

O f fi c e , computing, and accounting

.5 .5 .1 ( 1) .7 ( 1) .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

machines...................................... 1 .7 1 .7 .5 3 .7 1.1 ( 1) 9 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 2 .4

Farm machinery and equipment.................... .9 1 .0 .1 ( 1) 1 .3 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

Other machinery............................ ................................ 5 .1 6.1 .9 2 .0 4 .8 1 .0 1 .3 ( 1) ( 1) .5 ( 1)

E le c t r ic a l equipment and s u p p lie s .•••••••• 1 4 .5 1 6 .4 3 .9 2 8 .2 5 .8 ( 1) 1 7 .4 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 3 .7

E le c tr ic d is tr ib u tio n equipment and

in d u str ia l a p p a ra tu s..................... 3 .0 3 .5 .8 3 .0 1.6 ( 1) 1 .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1.1

Household a p p lia n c e s .•••••••••••................. .4 .5 .2 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

Communication equipment. 6 .5 7 .4 .8 1 3 .6 1 .3 ( 1) 11.1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 1 .5

E le c tr ic lig h tin g and w iring equipm ent.• .5 .6 .2 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

E le c tro n ic components and a c c e s s o r i e s ..• 2.2 2 .3 1 .3 6 .5 1 .5 ( 1) 3 .2 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

Radio and te le v is io n re c e iv in g s e t s . . . . .

M iscellan eou s e le c t r i c a l equipment and

1 .3 1 .4 .3 3 .9 ( 1) ( 1) 1.1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

s u p p lie s ...................................................................... 1 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 ( 1)

See fo o tn o te a t end o f t a b le .

2 2 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-2. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 — Continued

Industry

S cient i s t s and

engineers

Engineers Chemists

Physic i s t s

M etallu r g is tsGeolog is t s and

geophysic i s t s

Mathematic ia n s

M edical

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

A g ricu ltu ral

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

Biologic a l

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

■ Unclass i f i e d

sc ie n ­

t i s t s

Percent d istr ib u tio n

T ransportation equipm ent.•••••...........••••••• 1 3 .0 1 4 .6 3 .0 1 3 .9 1 4 .8 1 .5 1 8.5 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .8 1 9.2

Motor v e h ic le s and equipm ent.••••••••••• 2 .6 3 .0 .6 1 .2 3 .6 (1 ) 1 .7 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

9 .8 1 0 .9 2 .3 1 2 .3 1 0 .9 1 .5 1 6 .4 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .8 1 8 .3

Other tra n sp o rta tio n equipm ent................ .. .6 .7 .1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

Instruments and re la te d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . 3 .6 3 .7 2 .5 1 0 .3 1 .1 3 .1 2 .4 ♦7 »6 .9 3 .3

Engineering and s c i e n t i f i c in stru m en ts.• 1 .3 1 .5 .4 2 .0 .7 3 .0 1 .3 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

Other instrum ents and r e la te d products. . 2 .2 2 .2 2 .1 8 .3 .4 (1 ) 1 .2 .7 (1 ) .9 3 .3

Other m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s ........................... 1 .0 1 .0 1 .8 .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

Nonmanufacturing. •••••....................... •••••••••••• 2 7 .9 2 9 .8 1 5 .2 1 7.7 1 0 .7 6 8 .5 3 4 .1 5 .7 1 3 .3 1 7.7 6 .0

M in in g ...................••••••••••••••••...............••••• 2 .9 2 .3 1 .1 (1 ) 3 .6 5 4 .4 .7 (1 ) (1) 1 .9 (1 )

Crude petroleum and natural g a s . . . . . . . . . 1 .9 1 .4 .2 (1 ) (1 ) 5 0 .0 .6 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .8 (1 )

M etal m ining............. ...................................................... .4 .3 .5 (1 ) 3 .3 3 .1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1) (1 )

Coal m i n i n g ...••••••...........•••••................... .. .4 .4 .3 (1 ) ( 1 ) .7 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

Quarrying and n on m etallic m i n i n g . . . . . . . . .2 .2 .2 (1 ) (1 ) .6 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

C ontract c o n s tr u c tio n .•••••••••.................. .. 4 .8 5 .9 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 .3 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

T ransportation and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . ............. 5 .8 6 .9 .7 (1 ) (1 ) 4 .3 2 .1 (1 ) 2 .0 (1) (1 )

R ailroad tr a n s p o r ta tio n .•••••••••••••••• .6 .7 .2 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .6 (1 ) (1 )

Other tr a n sp o r ta tio n ......................... ................... .5 .6 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 )

Communication.................... . . • • .............. 1 .6 2 .0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1) (1 )

E le c t r ic , gas,and sa n ita ry se rv ic e s 3 .1 3 .6 .4 (1 ) (1 ) 3 .8 1 .9 (1 ) 1 .4 (1 ) (1 )

W holesale and r e t a i l trad e...........••••................. 3 .7 3 .4 7 .8 1 .2 2 .2 (1 ) 5 .6 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 .9

F inance, Insurance, and re a l e s t a t e . . . . . . . .5 .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 1 .1 1 .2 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .1

S e r v i c e s ............... ............................................................... 1 0 .2 1 0 .8 5 .6 1 6 .0 4 .6 9 .4 1 3.2 4 .4 (1 ) 1 5 .7 2 .8

Commercial la b o r a to r ie s ; business and

management co n su ltin g s e r v ic e s •••••••• 4 .0 3 .8 4 .7 1 1 .4 2 .7 2 .9 10.1 3 .6 (1 ) 3 .2 1 .8

M edical and dental la b o r a to r ie s ................ .. • 1 (1 ) • 3 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .6 (1 ) 4 .2 (1 )

Engineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v i c e s .• 5 .9 6 .9 .5 4 .6 1 .9 6 .4 3 .0 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .3 (1 )

Other s e r v ic e s .••••..••••••••••..................... .2 .2 .1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1) 7 .0 (1 )

A g ric u ltu ra l s e r v ic e s , fo r e s tr y , and

f is h e r ie s . ..........................................•••••••••••• • 1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 £ .6 (1 ) (1 )

1/ Less than $0 c a se s; percentage not computed.

NOTE.— Percents have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

with those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

- 23 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-3. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962

Scientists

and engineers in all

Scientists and engineers in

employment of--

establishments with total

Industry establishments Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Number

851,600 152,700 160,500 81,900 456,500

613,600 57,400 103,700 60,900 391,600

39,500 100 300 2,100 37,000

Food and kindred products.......... ............................... 22,200 4,900 8,600 4,000 4,700

7,000 200 5,200 400 1,300

1,600 200 1,000 300 100

11,700 2,700 3,300 1,800 3,900

95,500 8,900 21,900 7,800 56,800

45,900 1,400 5,400 2,700 36,400

Plastics and synthetics, except glass............................ 8,200 1,000 2,300 1,500 3,400

21,600 2,000 6,100 1,700 11,800

19,800 4,500 8,200 2,000 5,100

20,900 500 2,900 1,900 15,600

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products......................... 7,700 500 1,500 1,800 3,900

9,100 1,500 3,100 1,300 3,100

32,000 2,400 5,900 3,000 20,700

20,200 1,000 2,800 1,300 15,200

11,800 1,500 3,100 1,700 5,500

Fabricated metal products,................. ............... ....... 25,100 6,400 7,600 4,200 6,900

Machinery, except electrical..... ................................ 69,200 13,300 14,900 10,100 31,000

Engines and turbines............................................ 3,900 200 100 500 3,100

14,400 200 1,100 1,800 11,200

Farm machinery and equipment......... ........................... 7,400 2,700 1,100 500 3,100

Other machinery............................................... . 43,600 10,200 12,600 7,300 13,500

Electrical equipment and supplies.................................. 123,200 9,500 14,000 12,600 87,100

Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus......... . 25,300 3,900 3,900 5,000 12,500

Household appliances,......................................... . 3,700 200 200 300 3,000

Communication equipment,........................................ 55,400 1,200 3,500 3,200 47,500

Electric lighting and wiring equipment.......................... . 4,200 600 1,000 1,100 1,400

Electronic components and accessories.................... ........ 18,700 3,100 2,800 2,200 10,600

Radio and television receiving sets.............................. 10,800 300 1,500 400 8,600

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies,....... .......... 5,100 300 1,000 300 3,500

See footnotes at end of table.

24

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-3, Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 -- Continued

Industry

Scientists

and engineers in all

Scientists and engineers in

employment of--

establishments with total

establishments Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Number

Transportation equipment,............... ................ . 110,400 1,900 5,300 5,900 97,300

Motor vehicles and equipment,.............. .................... 22,200 300 1,000 1,100 19,700

Aircraft and parts..... ....................................... 83,000 1,300 3,800 4,500 73,500

Other transportation equipment,•«•,••••............ . 5,100 300 400 300 4,100

Instruments and related products,,................................ 30,200 2,700 5,600 2,600 19,400

Engineering and scientific instruments,......................... 11,500 600 1,500 400 9,000

Other instruments and related products..... ..................... 18,800 2,100 4,100 2,200 10,400

Other manufacturing industries,,,••••............................. 8,300 1,800 2,500 1,200 2,800

Nonmanufacturing.................................................. 238,000 95,300 56,800 21,000 64,900

Mining......................................................... 24,600 9,300 7,500 2,600 5,300

Crude petroleum and natural gas................................. 16,400 7,100 5,200 1,600 2,500

Metal mining.................................................. 3,400 700 900 200 1,500

Coal mining................................................... 3,100 1,200 500 200 1,200

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining......... ................ . 1,800 300 800 600 (2)

Contract construction............................................ 41,000 24,200 9,000 3,100 4,700

Transportation and public utilities............................... 49,200 5,300 6,500 4,400 33,000

Railroad transportation........................................ 5,300 (3) 100 100 5,000

Other transportation........................................... 4,200 300 1,900 800 1,200

Communication................................... ............. 13,700 3,200 1,900 700 7,900

Electric, gas, and sanitary services,........................... 26,000 1,800 2,600 2,900 18,800

Wholesale and retail trade....................................... 31,200 8,900 12,100 5,200 5,100

4,500 200 1,000 1,000 2,300

Services....................................................... 86,500 47,000 20,300 4,600 14,500

Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services 34,100 13,200 8,600 3,200 9,100

Other services i/............................................. 52,400 33,800 11,700 1,400 5,400

Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries, ....... ....... ...... 1,000 400 500 (2) (2)

1/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined

as follows:

Other chemical products--agricultural chemicals.

Other services.-medical and dental laboratories, engineering

and architectural services,

2/ Less than 50 cases,

3 / Size group not sampled.

N0TE,--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded

figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated

by the rounded figures shown.

25

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-4. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962

Industry

Scientists

and engineers in all

establishments

Scientists and engineers in

employment of—

establishments with total

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Percent distribution

All industries................................... 100,0 17,9 18,8 9.6 53.6

Manufacturing...................................................... 100.0 9.4 16,9 9.9 63.8

Ordnance and accessories.......................................... 100,0 .2 .9 5.3 93.6

Food and kindred products,..,,,.................................... 100.0 22,2 38.6 18,0 21.2

Textile Bill products..... ....................................... 100,0 2.2 74.1 5.1 18.6

Luaber and wood products, except furniture,..... *.... ••••...... .. 100,0 12,6 60,0 18,5 8.9

Paper and allied products,........................................ 100.0 22,6 28.1 15.8 33.5

Chemicals and allied products...................... ............... 100,0 9.4 23,0 8.2 59.5

Industrial chemicals, ....... ............................... 100,0 3,1 11.7 5.8 79.3

Plastics and synthetics, except glass..................... ....... 100,0 12,6 28,1 17.7 41.7

Drugs................. ........................................ 100,0 9.2 28.1 7.9 54.9

Other chemical products 1/,..................................... 100.0 22.7 41,4 10.1 25.8

Petroleum refining,,.............................................. 100,0 2,2 14,0 9.1 74.7

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.................. ....... 100,0 7.1 19,1 23.2 50.6

Stone, clay, and glass products........... ............... ......... 100,0 16.7 34,3 14.6 34.4

Primary metal industries............ ••••••••••••.............. ••••• 100,0 7.6 18,5 9.3 64.6

Blast furnace and basic steel products,................ ....... .. 100,0 4.7 13.8 6.4 75.0

Other primary metal industries,.................................. 100,0 12,6 26,4 14.2 46.8

Fabricated metal products................. ..... ..... ............ 100,0 25.4 30,4 16.9 27.3

Machinery, except electrical,..................................... . 100.0 19,2 21,6 14.5 44.7

Engines and turbines,........................................... 100,0 4.4 3.0 12.3 80.3

Office, computing, and accounting machines,....................... 100,0 1.7 7.8 12.6 77.9

Farm machinery and equipment,•••••••............................ . 100.0 36.8 14.3 7.0 41.9

Other machinery,..... ................. ........................ 100,0 23,4 29,0 16.7 31.0

Electrical equipment and supplies..............••••••.............. 100,0 7.7 11.4 10.2 70.7

Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus........ . 100.0 15.5 15,6 19.7 49.3

Household appliances,....... .................................. . 100,0 4.7 5.4 7.2 82.8

Communication equipment.............••••••••.................... 100.0 2.1 6.4 5.8 85.7

Electric lighting and wiring equipment,.......................... . 100,0 14,8 23,5 27.3 34.3

Electronic components and accessories, ....... ..................... 100,0 16.4 15,0 11.9 56.7

Radio and television receiving sets............................ .. 100,0 2.7 14.2 4.1 78.9

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies,.......... •••••••••• 100,0 5.2 19.7 5.6 69.5

See footnotes at end of table.

26

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-4. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 -- Continued

Industry

Scientists

and engineers in all

establishments

Scientists and engineers in

employment of--

establishments with total

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Percent distribution

Transportation equipment******..................................... 100.0 1.7 4.8 5.4 88.1

Motor vehicles and equipment**....... .................. . 100.0 1.5 4.7 4.9 88.9

Aircraft and parts*....••••.......................... ........... 100*0 1.5 4.6 5.4 88.5

Other transportation equipment*...........•••••.................. 100*0 5.1 8.2 6.4 80.4

Instruments and related products*........ *............. *•••••••••••• 100.0 9.0 18.4 8.5 64.1

Engineering and scientific instruments.......................... 100.0 5.0 12.8 3.6 78.5

Other instruments and related products............................ 100*0 11.5 21.8 11.5 55.2

Other manufacturing industries...... ..................... ........* 100.0 21.3 30.7 14.3 33.8

Nonmanufacturing* •••••••••••••••..................................... 100.0 40.0 23.9 8.8 27.3

Mining........................................................... 100.0 37.9 30.4 10.4 21.3

Crude petroleum and natural gas.................................. 100.0 43.4 31.9 9.5 15.2

Metal mining*................................................... 100.0 21.3 27.2 7.0 44.5

Coal mining*............. ...... •••••••.......................... 100*0 38.1 17.0 5.4 39.5

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining................... .............. 100*0 17.6 45.5 34.5 (2)

Contract construction................... *....................... . 100*0 59.0 22.0 7.7 11.4

Transportation and public utilities*................................ 100.0 10.7 13.2 9.0 67.1

Railroad transportation*.*............................... ........ 100.0 (3) 2.7 1.5 95.8

Other transportation*•*••................. .................. ••••• 100*0 7.3 45.6 18.7 28.5

Communication..... ............. *.............................. 100.0 23.2 13.8 5.1 57.8

Electric, gas, and sanitary services*....... ........... ..... .. 100.0 6*8 9.8 11.0 72.4

Wholesale and retail trade..... .................................... 100.0 28.5 38.6 16.6 16.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... ............ 100.0 4.7 21.7 22.6 51.0

Services*....................................................... . 100.0 54.3 23.5 5.4 16.8

Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services** 100.0 38.7 25.1 9.5 26.7

Other services 1/........... ••••................................ 100*0 64.5 22.4 2.7 10.4

Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries*..**.................. * 100.0 47.0 53.0 (2) (2)

1 / Included in d esign ated in d u stry group are in d u s tr ie s combined 

as fo llo w s :

Other chem ical p r o d u c t s --a g r ic u lt u r a l chem icals*

Other s e r v ic e s --m e d ic a l and d en tal la b o r a to r ie s , en g in eerin g 

and a r c h it e c t u r a l se r v ice s *

2 / Less than 50 c a s e s ; percentage n ot computed*

3 / S ize group not sampled*

NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded

figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated

by the rounded figures shown*

27

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A -5. Scientists and engineers as percent of total employment, by size of establishment and industry,

January 1962

In d u stry

S c i e n t i s t s

and e n g in e e rs

in a l l

estab lish m en ts

S c i e n t i s t s

employment

and e n g in e e rs in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o t a l

o f - -

Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9

1 ,0 0 0 or

more

A l l i n d u s t r i e s ............................................................... 3 . 0 2 . 0 1 .9 2 .8 4 .7

M anuf ac t u r i n g ................................................................................................ 3 .8 1 .6 2 .2 3 .3 6 .4

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ............................................................ 1 8 .3 3 .3 3 .6 1 0 .2 2 0 .2

Food and k in d red p r o d u c ts ...................................................... 1 . 3 . 9 1 .2 2 .3 1 .6

T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c ts .................................................................. . 8 . 2 1 .7 . 2 . 4

Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts, e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e .. . 5 . 2 . 6 . 9 . 6

Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts ...................................................... 2 . 0 2 .6 1 .4 1 .9 2 .7

C h em icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts .......................................... 1 0 .2 5 .7 1 0 .2 8 .4 1 2 .1

I n d u s t r ia l c h e m ic a ls .................................... .......................... 1 1 .3 5 .7 9 .3 7 .3 1 2 .7

P la s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , excep t g l a s s ............ 7 . 8 7 .8 1 3 .0 7 .5 6 .3

D r u g s ............................................................................................................ 1 6 .9 1 0 .6 1 6 .9 1 2 .0 2 0 .2

O ther ch em ic a l p ro d u c ts 1 / ............................................. 6 . 7 4 .5 7 .9 8 .7 7 .4

P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ........................................................................... 9 .7 8 .2 1 0 .2 8 .8 9 .8

Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s .. 2 . 0 . 8 1 .6 2 .9 2 . 5

S to n e , c la y and g la s s p r o d u c ts ....................................... 1 . 9 1 .0 1 .8 2 .2 3 .0

Prim ary m eta l i n d u s t r i e s ......................................................... 2 . 6 2 .0 2 .4 2 .3 2 .7

B la s t fu rn a c e and b a s ic s t e e l p r o d u c t s . . . . 2 .2 1 .5 1 .9 1 .9 2 .4

O ther prim ary m eta l i n d u s t r i e s ................................. 3 . 6 2 .5 3 .4 2 .9 4 .6

F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ...................................................... 2 . 2 1 .5 2 .2 2 .9 3 .1

M ach in ery, e x ce p t e l e c t r i c a l ............................................. 4 . 6 3 .3 4 .2 5 .1 5 .7

E ngines and t u r b in e s ............................................................... 4 . 8 8 .2 2 .3 5 .2 4 .9

O f f i c e , com puting, and a c co u n tin g m achines 9 .5 4 .4 6 .4 1 5 .4 9 .6

Farm m achinery and equ ip m en t ....................................... 2 . 9 2 .2 2 .7 3 .4 3 .8

O t h e r m a c h i n e r y .............................................................................. 4 .3 3 .8 4 .3 4 .5 4 .8

E l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s .............................. 7 . 8 5 .6 4 .7 6 .6 9 .4

E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipm ent and

i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a tu s ......................................................... 7 . 4 1 0 .1 5 .1 6 .9 8 .1

H ousehold a p p lia n c e s ............................................................... 2 . 6 2 . 4 . 8 1 .3 3 .4

Com m unication equ ip m en t ...................................................... 1 2 .3 6 .6 8 .2 1 4 .1 1 3 .0

E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w ir in g e q u i p m e n t .... 3 .1 2 . 0 2 .2 4 .3 4 .4

E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n ts and a c c e s s o r i e s ............. 7 .0 6 .9 4 . 5 7 .1 8 .4

R adio and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e iv in g s e t s ..................

M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and

7 .8 2 .6 7 .6 3 .9 8 .9

s u p p l i e s ............................................................... ............................. 4 . 6 1 .4 4 .2 4 .2 5 .8

See footnotes at end of table.

28

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A -5. Scientists and engineers as percent of total employment, by size of establishment and industry,

January 1962 — Continued

In d u stry

S c i e n t i s t s

and e n g in e e rs

in a l l

e sta b lish m e n ts

S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs in

employment o f -

e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o t a l

Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9 1 ,0 0 0 , or

more

T ra n sp o r ta tio n equ ipm en t ............................................................ 6 . 8 1 .8 3 .0 5 .7 7 .9

M otor v e h ic le s and equipm ent .......................................... 3 . 0 1 .1 1 .5 2 . 2 3 .4

A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ........................................................................ 1 2 .4 3 .9 7 .5 1 2 .2 1 3 .4

O ther tr a n s p o r ta tio n equipm ent .................................... 2 . 4 . 7 . 8 1 .8 4 . 1

In stru m en ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c ts .................................... 8 . 6 4 . 0 6 .9 6 .2 1 1 .8

E n g in e e r in g and s c i e n t i f i c in s t r u m e n t s ............ 1 7 .7 6 .7 1 2 .2 6 .9 2 3 .6

O ther in stru m en ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c ts ............ 6 . 5 3 .7 6 .0 6 .1 8 .3

Other m an u factu rin g i n d u s t r i e s .......................................... . 3 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 6

Nonm anuf ac t u r i n g .......................................................................................... 1 .9 2 .3 1 .5 2 .0 1 .8

M i n i n g .................................................................................................................. 1 .9 2 .3 1 .5 2 . 0 1 .8

Crude p etroleu m and n a tu r a l g a s ................................. 5 . 3 4 .2 6 .6 8 .6 5 .9

M e t a l m i n i n g .......................................................................................... 4 .5 9 .2 5 .9 2 .9 3 .5

C o a l m i n i n g ............................................................................................. 2 .0 2 .7 1 .3 . 8 2 .4

Q u arryin g and n o n m e ta llic m in in g .............................. 1 . 7 . 6 2 .2 4 .6 ( 2 )

C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n ..................................................................... 2 .5 1 .9 2 .7 9 .2 1 1 .5

T r a n sp o r ta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ........................... 1 . 4 . 6 1 .1 1 .9 1 .8

R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t io n ......................................................... . 7 ( 3 ) . 6 . 4 . 7

O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .................................................................. . 3 . 1 . 5 . 7 . 5

C o m m u n i c a t i o n ....................................................................................... 1 .7 2 .5 2..1 1 .6 1 .5

E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita r y s e r v i c e s .................. 4 . 2 1 .9 2 .8 5 .7 4 .9

W h o lesa le and r e t a i l t r a d e ...................................................... . 8 . 9 . 8 1 .3 . 6

F in a n ce, in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ........................... . 3 . 1 . 2 . 6 . 5

S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................................ 6 .4 7 .6 4 .5 3 .1 1 1 .0

Com m ercial la b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and

management c o n s u ltin g s e r v i c e s .............................. 5 . 6 9 .0 3 .2 1 .1 7 .1

A g r i c u l t u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s 5 .6 6 .2 5 .2 ( 2 ) ( 2 )

1 / In clu d ed in d e s ig n a te d in d u str y group are in d u s t r ie s

combined as f o l l o w s :

O ther ch em ical p r o d u c t s --a g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m ic a ls.

O ther s e r v i c e s --m e d i c a l and d e n ta l la b o r a t o r i e s ,

e n g in e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s .

2 / L ess than 50 c a s e s ; p ercen ta g e not computed.

3 / S iz e group n ot sam pled.

NO TE .- -P er ce nt s have been calculated on the basis

of un ro un de d figures and therefore may not correspond

exactly wi t h those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

29

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-6. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962

Occupational group

Scientists

and engineers in all

establishments

Scientists and engineers in

employment of—

establishments with total

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Number

All groups......................................... 851,600 152,700 160,500 81,900 456,500

Engineers...................................... .................. 684,600 127,600 116,700 65,000 375,300

Physical scientists........ ............... .................. ..... 120,900 18,500 32,400 11,600 58,400

Chemists. ............. ............... ....... ................. . 81,600 10,900 26,000 8,300 36,400

Physicists..............•............. ............ ............ 13,900 1,300 1,400 1,100 10,100

Metallurgi sts............... ....... ......................... . 12,400 1,800 1,800 1,100 7,700

Geologists and geophysicists............... ..... ....... ...... . 12,900 4,500 3,200 1,100 4,200

Life scientists........ ..... ••••••••••••.... ••••••••••••••.......... 26,500 5,200 9,600 1,300 10,400

Medical scientists............. ..... ............................ 7,700 1,000 2,200 200 4,300

Agricultural scientists.......................................... 8,600 2,600 4,000 400 1,600

Biological scientists........ .........••••••••••........... •••••• 10,200 1,600 3,400 700 4,500

Mathematicians. ............... ...... .......... •••..•••......... 14,700 1,300 1,300 2,100 9,900

Unclassified sclentists................................ •••••......... 5,000 100 500 1,900 2,500

NOTE.— T o ta ls have been c a lc u la te d on the b a s is o f unrounded 

fig u r e s and t h e r e fo r e may not corresp on d e x a c tly w ith th ose in d ic a te d 

by the rounded fig u r e s shown.

3 0

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-7. percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962

O ccup ation al group

S c ie n t is ts 

and e n g in eers in a l l 

e s t a b lis h ­

ments

S c ie n t is t s and en gin eers in establish m en ts 

employment o f - -

w ith t o t a l

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1*000 or 

more >

P ercent d is t r ib u t i on

A ll g r o u p s * ...................................................................••••••............. 100*0 17.9 18.8 9 .6 5 3 .6

E n g i n e e r s .* . .... ...................................................................................................................•••• 100.0 18.6 17.1 9 .5 5 4 .8

P h y sica l s c i e n t i s t s ................................ ••••.......................................................... ................. 100.0 15.3 26 .8 9 .6 48 .3

Chemi s t s .............. •••••••..................................................................................................... ••• 100.0 13.4 31 .9 10.1 4 4 .6

P h y s ic is t s .................................... ........................ .......................................... ....................•••• 100*0 9 .4 9 .9 8 .1 72 .6

M e ta llu r g is ts ................................................................................................................................ 100*0 14.7 14.8 8 .6 61 .8

G e o lo g is ts and g e o p h y s ic is t s ....................•••••••••............... .................................... 100.0 34 .5 24.5 8 .8 32 .2

L ife s c i e n t i s t s ........................................................................................ ...................................... 100*0 19.7 3 6 .4 4 .8 39 .1

M edical s c i e n t i s t s .............................. ............... ........................................ ........................ .. 100.0 13.0 28.7 3 .0 55.3

A g r ic u ltu r a l s c i e n t i s t s ............................ ................. ........................................................ 100.0 30.3 4 6 .6 4 .4 18.7

B io lo g ic a l s c i e n t i s t s ................................ •••••••••••............................................... .. 100.0 15.9 33.5 6.5 4 4 .1

M athem aticians*............ * ............. *.........................••••••.......................................................... 100.0 9 .0 8 .8 14.4 67 .8

U n c la s s ifie d s c i e n t i s t s ....................................... ....................................................•••••••• 100.0 1 .6 9 .3

i

38.5 50 .5

NOTE.— P ercen ts have been c a lc u la te d on the b a s is o f unrounded 

fig u r e s and th e r e fo r e may not corresp on d e x a c tly w ith those in d ica te d 

by the rounded fig u r e s shown*

3 1

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-8. Scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group, January 1962

O ccupation al group

S c ie n t is t s

and

en g in eers,

a l l

a c t i v i t i e s

S c ie n t is t s and en gin eers p rim a rily engaged in —

Research

and

developm ent

Management and 

a d m in istra tion o f — T ech n ical

s a le s

and

s e r v ic e

P rod u ction

and

op era tion s

A ll

oth er

Research and a c t i v i t i e s

developm ent

Other

a c t i v i t i e s

Number

A ll g r o u p s .................................... 851,600 256,600 47,200 107,500 92,700 291,900 55,700

E n gin eers....................................................................... 684,600 186,200 34,800 92,800 74,900 252,900 43,100

P h y sica l s c i e n t i s t s . • 120,900 53,800 9,7 00 10,000 9,3 00 30,600 7,500

Chem ists......................................................................... 81,600 38,700 6 ,8 00 5,800 7,8 00 20,100 2,5 00

P h y s ic is t s ..................................................................... 13,900 10,000 1,800 400 400 1,000 300

M e ta llu r g is ts .............................................................. 12,400 4 ,2 00 800 1,700 800 4 ,6 0 0 300

G e o lo g is ts and g e o p h y s ic is t s .......................... 12,900 900 300 2,1 00 400 4 ,9 00 4 ,3 00

L ife s c i e n t i s t s . ........................................................... 26,500 7,900 1,400 2 ,9 0 0 6,4 00 5,100 2,8 00

M edical s c i e n t i s t s ................................................... 7,700 1,400 400 700 3,400 600 1,200

A g r ic u ltu r a l s c i e n t i s t s . ..................................... 8,6 00 1,600 500 1,700 1,100 2,3 00 1,300

B io lo g ic a l s c i e n t i s t s ............................................ 10,200 4 ,9 0 0 600 500 1,900 2 ,1 00 200

M athem aticians. • •••.••..................... ....................... 14,700 7,100 700 1,300 1,500 2,8 00 1,300

U n c la s s ifie d s c i e n t i s t s ............................ ............... 5,000 1,700 700 500 500 600 1,100

NOTE*— T o ta ls have been c a lc u la te d on the b a s is o f 

unrounded fig u r e s and th e r e fo r e may n ot corresp on d e x a c tly 

w ith th ose in d ica te d by the rounded fig u r e s shown*

32

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-9. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group, January 1962

O ccupation al group

S c ie n t is ts

and

en g in eers,

a l l

a c t i v i t i e s

S c ie n t is t s and en gin eers p rim a rily engaged in —

Research

and

development

Management and 

a d m in istra tion o f — T ech n ical

s a le s

and

s e r v ic e

P roduction

and

op era tion s

A ll

oth er

Research and a c t i v i t i e s

development

Other

a c t i v i t i e s

P ercent d is t r ib u t io n

A ll grou p s................................................ 100.0 30.1 5 .5 12.6 10.9 34.3 6 .5

E n gin eers................ .......................................................... 100.0 27.2 5.1 13.6 10.9 36.9 6 .3

P h y sica l s c i e n t i s t s . .................................................. 100.0 4 4 .5 8 .0 8 .3 7 .7 2 5 .3 6.2

Chem ists........................................................... 100.0 4 7 .4 8 .3 7.1 9 .5 2 4 .6 3 .0

P h y s ic is t s .............. ........................ ............................. 100.0 72.1 12.6 2 .8 3 .0 7 .0 2 .4

M e ta llu r g is ts ............................................................. 100.0 33.7 6 .8 13.7 6 .3 37.3 2 .3

G e o lo g is ts and g e o p h y s ic is ts ............................ 100.0 6 .8 2 .3 16.3 2 .8 38.1 33.6

L ife s c i e n t i s t s ....................... ..................................... 100.0 29 .7 5 .4 10.9 24 .3 19.1 10.5

M edical s c i e n t i s t s ................................................... 100.0 17.8 5 .0 9 .0 44.2 7 .8 16.1

A g r ic u ltu r a l s c i e n t i s t s .••••••••••••••••• 100.0 18.7 5.3 2 0 .0 13.3 2 7 .3 15.4

B io lo g ic a l s c i e n t i s t s ............................................ 100.0 4 8 .0 5 .9 4 .7 18.5 20 .7 2.2

M ath em atician s............................................................... 100.0 4 8 .4 4 .6 8 .8 10.3 19.0 9 .0

U n c la s s ifie d s c i e n t i s t s ..................... ...................... 100.0 33.4 13.6 10.6 9 .3 12.1 2 1 .0

NOTE•— Percents have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

with those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

3 3

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-10* Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962

S c ie n t is ts

S c ie n t is t s and en gin eers p rim a rily engaged in —

Industry

and

en g in eers,

a l l Research

and

developm ent

Management and 

a d m in istra tion o f — T ech n ical

sa le s

P rod u ction

and

op era tion s

A ll

oth er

a c t i v i t i e s a c t i v i t i e s

Research and 

developm ent

Other

a c t i v i t i e s

and

s e r v ic e

Number

A ll In d u s tr ie s ..................................... 851,600 256,600 47,200 107,500 92,700 291,900 55,700

M anufacturing..................... .......................................... 613,600 224,800 41,100 66,800 59,500 189,600 31,800

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s * .................* ...........* 39,500 18,000 1,700 1,200 1,400 16,400 700

Food and kindred p ro d u cts................................. 22,200 5,500 2,500 4,1 00 400 8,0 00 1,700

T e x tile m ill p ro d u cts .......................................

Lumber and wood p ro d u cts, ex cep t

7,000 2,9 00 700 800 200 2,4 00 100

fu r n itu r e ................................................................ 1,600 100 100 400 (1 ) 900 100

Paper and a l l i e d p rod u cts* .•••••••*........... 11,700 2,1 00 700 2,0 00 700 5,800 500

Chem icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts * * * * ............. 95,500 34,600 5,100 7,900 10,900 29,200 7,900

In d u s tr ia l ch em ica ls .............. * ...................... 45,900 15,700 1,600 3,000 2,8 00 18,100 4,7 00

P la s t ic s and s y n t h e t ic s , ex cep t g la ss* 8,200 3,000 600 1,000 900 2,4 00 300

D r u g s* * .* .* ........................................................... 21,600 7,300 1,200 1,800 5,600 3,700 1,900

A g ric u ltu r a l ch em ica ls******* ................... 2,2 00 700 100 500 100 800 100

Other chem ical p rod u cts*****•••••••••• 17,600 7,900 1,500 1,700 1,400 4,2 00 800

Petroleum r e fin in g * *.................* ...........* ...........

Rubber and m iscella n eou s p la s t ic s

20,900 3,500 500 3,000 1,300 8 ,7 00 3,900

p roducts* • •*•••....................... .. 7,7 00 2,1 00 700 1,100 700 2,7 00 400

S ton e, c la y , and g la ss products* * ............ * 9,100 2,2 00 800 1,500 1,100 3,200 300

Primary m etal in d u s tr ie s * ••• ••••••..........* 32,000 5,200 1,000 6,1 00 2,7 00 15,600 1,500

B la st furnace and b a s ic s t e e l p rod u cts 20,200 3,200 600 3,800 1,600 9,7 00 1,200

Other prim ary m etal in d u s tr ie s ................. 11,800 2,0 00 400 2,2 00 1,100 5,800 300

F a b rica ted m etal p rod u cts** ............................ 25,100 4 ,5 0 0 1,700 4 ,6 00 4,3 00 8,8 00 1,100

M achinery, ex cep t e l e c t r i c a l ....................... .. 69,200 21,300 5,200 9 ,3 00 11,100 18,900 3,400

Engines and tu rb in e s * * * * * ............................

O f f i c e , com puting, and accou n tin g

3,900 1,300 300 500 500 1,200 100

m achines.............................................................. 14,400 7,8 00 1,400 700 900 2 ,9 00 700

Farm m achinery and equipm ent***•*.......... 7,400 2,400 600 1,200 700 2,1 00 400

Other m achinery....................................... ••••• 43,600 9,9 00 3,000 6 ,8 0 0 9,0 00 12,700 2,3 00

E le c t r ic a l equipment and su p p lies******* 

E le c t r ic d is t r ib u t io n equipment and

123,200 56,100 8,7 00 11,300 15,400 26,200 5,500

in d u s tr ia l apparatu s*••••.•••••••••• 25,300 8,9 00 1,800 2,9 00 4,8 00 6,0 00 900

Household a p p lia n ce s* ••••••••••••••••• 3,700 1,400 400 400 100 1,300 100

Communication equipm ent...................* ........... 55,400 29,200 3,900 4 ,5 00 3,800 10,400 3,500

E le c t r ic lig h t in g and w irin g equipment 4,2 00 1,300 300 600 600 1,200 200

E le c tr o n ic components and a c c e s s o r ie s * 18,700 6,7 00 1,100 1,900 3,700 5,000 300

Radio arid t e le v is io n r e c e iv in g sets*** 

M iscella n eou s e l e c t r i c a l equipment

10,800 6,9 00 900 400 1,300 1,000 300

and s u p p lie s * * * * * ....................................... .. 5,100 1,700 300 600 1,000 1,300 200

See footnote at end of table.

34

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-10. Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 -- Continued

Industry

S c ie n t is ts

and

en g in e e rs,

a l l

a c t i v i t i e s

S c ie n t is t s and en g in eers p rim a rily eingaged i n - -

Research

and

developm ent

Management and 

a d m in istra tion o f —

T ech n ical

s a le s

and

s e r v ic e

P rod u ction

and

op era tion s

A ll

oth er

a c t i v i t i e s Research and 

development

Other

a c t i v i t i e s

Number

T ra n sp orta tion equ ipm ent................................... 110,400 52,200 8,100 10,000 5,500 31,600 3,000

M otor v e h ic le s and equipm ent................ .. 22,200 7,500 1,400 3,500 1,300 8,000 500

A ir c r a ft and p a r t s ...................... ...................... 83,000 43,600 6,400 5,600 3,900 21,500 2,100

Other tra n sp o rta tio n eq u ip m e n t..••••••• 5,100 1,100 300 900 300 2,100 400

Instrum ents and r e la te d p r o d u c t s .• 30,200 12,100 3,000 2,5 00 3,400 8,000 1,300

E ngineering and s c i e n t i f i c instrum ents. 11,500 5,200 1,400 1,000 700 2,8 00 400

Other instrum ents and r e la te d p rod u cts. 18,800 6,900 1,600 1,400 2,7 00 5,200 900

Other m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s ...................... 8,300 2,300 700 1,200 400 3,200 500

Nonm anufacturing. ......................................... . ............. 238,000 31,800 6,100 40,700 33,200 102,300 23,800

M in in g .......................................................................... .. 24,600 1,600 600 5,600 1,200 12,900 2,600

Crude petroleum and n atu ral g a s*••••••• 16,400 1,000 500 3,900 700 8,100 2,200

M etal m i n i n g . . . . . ................................................ 3,400 200 100 1,000 100 1,700 200

Coal m in in g ......................................................... . 3,100 200 (1 ) 300 200 2,300 100

Quarrying and n on m eta llic m i n i n g . . . . . . . 1,800 300 100 400 200 800 100

C ontract c o n s t r u c t io n ................................. 41,000 300 300 8,8 00 3,000 21,700 6,900

T ra n sp orta tion and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . • • ... 49,200 1,900 500 10,900 2,600 29,100 4 ,3 00

R a ilroa d tra n s p o r ta tio n .............................. 5,300 100 (1 ) 900 100 2,9 00 1,100

Other tra n s p o r ta tio n ......................................... 4 ,2 0 0 300 100 1,100 (1 ) 2,600 100

Communication......................................................... 13,700 300 100 3,000 300 10,000 100

E l e c t r i c , g a s, and sa n ita ry s e r v i c e s .•• 26,000 1,200 300 5,900 2,100 13,600 2,900

W holesale and r e t a i l t r a d e ............................... 31,200 2,400 300 4,9 00 18,000 4 ,8 0 0 800

F inan ce, in su ran ce, and r e a l e s t a t e ............ 4 ,5 00 200 200 1,100 500 1,400 1,100

S e r v i c e s . . . . ....................................................... .. 86,500 25,400 4,2 00 9,000 7,600 32,200 8,200

Commercial la b o r a to r ie s ; bu sin ess and

management co n su ltin g s e r v i c e s ............. 34,100 17,600 2,6 00 3,300 2,4 00 6,300 2,000

M edical and den tal la b o r a to r ie s .............. .. 700 100 (1 ) 100 100 400 (1 )

E ngineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ice s * 49,800 7,600 1,600 5,600 4,5 00 24,500 6,000

Other s e r v ic e s ............................................ 1,800 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 600 1,000 200

A g ric u ltu r a l s e r v ic e s , fo r e s t r y , and

f i s h e r ie s ................................................................. 1,000 (1 ) (1 ) 500 300 200 ( I )

1 / Less than 50 c a s e s .

NOTE.— T o ta ls have been c a lc u la te d on the b a sis o f unrounded 

fig u r e s and th e r e fo r e may not corresp on d e x a c tly w ith those in d ica te d 

by the rounded fig u r e s shown*

35

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-ll. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962

S c ie n t is t s

and

e n g in e e rs,

a l l

S c ie n t is t s and enginee rs p rim a rily e ngaged in —

Industry Research

and

Management and 

a d m in istra tion o f — T ech n ical

s a le s

P rod u ction

and

A ll

oth er

a c t i v i t i e s developm ent Research and 

developm ent

Other

a c t i v i t i e s

and

s e r v ic e

op era tion s a c t i v i t i e s

P ercent d is t r ib u t io n

A ll in d u s tr ie s * • ••••.................. . . . 100.0 30.1 5 .5 12.6 10.9 34.3 6 .5

M anufacturing................................................................ 100.0 36.6 6 .7 10.9 9 .7 30.9 5 .2

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s * ......................... .. 100.0 4 5 .7 4 .4 3 .0 3 .6 4 1 .6 1.7

Food and kindred p r o d u c t s * . . . . . .............. .... 100.0 2 4 .9 11.1 18.6 2 .0 3 6 .0 7.5

T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c t s * . . . . . . .....................

Lumber and wood p ro d u cts, ex cep t

100.0 4 1 .5 9 .8 10.8 3 .0 3 4 .0 1 .0

fu rn itu re * ••••••••••••................... 100.0 8 .9 7.1 2 2 .4 (1 ) 57.5 3 .6

Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 17.6 5 .6 17.3 6 .2 4 9 .4 4 .0

Chem icals and a l l i e d p ro d u cts ..................... .. 100.0 36.2 5.3 8 .3 11.4 30.5 8 .3

In d u s tr ia l c h e m ic a ls .••••••••••••••••. 100.0 34.2 3 .6 6 .5 6 .0 39 .4 10.3

P la s t ic s and s y n t h e t ic s , ex cep t g la s s . 100.0 36.8 7 .7 12.1 11.3 2 8 .5 3 .7

D rugs***............................ ................................... 100.0 33.9 5 .8 8 .2 26.1 17.1 8 .9

A g r ic u ltu r a l ch em ica ls* ..............••••••*• 100.0 29 .6 2 .4 22.6 5.1 36.9 3 .4

Other chem ical p r o d u c t s .••••••••••••*• 100.0 4 4 .9 8 .5 9 .6 8 .1 24 .1 4 .8

Petroleum r e fin in g * ••••••••••••••..•••*•

Rubber and m iscella n eou s p la s t ic s

100.0 16.5 2 .2 14.2 6 .4 4 1 .8 18 .8

p rod u cts •••••••••....................................... •** 100.0 27 .3 9 .6 14.0 9 .7 34.6 4 .9

S ton e, c la y , and g la ss p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . 100.0 23 .9 8 .7 16.5 11.7 35.5 3.7

Primary m etal in d u s tr ie s ..........••••••••••• 100.0 16.2 3 .3 18.9 8 .3 4 8 .6 4 .6

B la st fu rn ace and b a s ic s t e e l prod u cts 100.0 16.0 3.1 19.0 7 .9 48.1 5 .9

Other prim ary m etal in d u s t r ie s .••••••• 100.0 16.7 3 .6 18.8 9 .0 4 9 .5 2 .4

F a b rica ted m etal p rod u cts. •••••.............. .. 100.0 18.1 6 .7 18.5 17.0 35.2 4 .5

M achinery, ex cep t e l e c t r i c a l . . . . . .............. 100.0 30.8 7 .5 13.4 16.0 2 7 .3 4 .9

Engines and t u r b i n e s * . . . . . ............•••••*

O f f i c e , com puting, and accou n tin g

100.0 32.9 6 .8 14.1 13.6 3 0 .0 2 .6

m achines.............................••••...................... 100.0 54.2 9 .5 5.1 6 .3 19.9 4 .9

Farm m achinery and e q u i p m e n t ...... ...* 100.0 32.5 7 .7 16.9 9 .6 2 8 .3 4 .9

Other m ach in ery .•••••••••••••••.............. 100.0 2 2 .6 6 .9 15.5 2 0 .6 2 9 .3 5.2

E le c t r ic a l equipm ent.and s u p p lie s ..............

E le c t r ic d is t r ib u t io n equipment and

100.0 4 5 .5 7.1 9 .2 12.5 2 1 .3 4 .5

in d u s tr ia l apparatus*.......................•••• 100.0 35.3 7.2 11 .4 19.1 23.6 3 .4

Household a p p lia n c e s ........................•••••• 100.0 38 .8 9 .8 11.5 1.8 35 .0 3.1

Communication equ ipm ent.•••••••••••••• 100.0 52.7 7 .0 8 .1 6 .9 18.9 6 .4

E le c t r ic lig h t in g and w irin g equipment 100.0 30.8 7 .8 14.5 13.8 2 8 .9 4 .1

E le c tr o n ic components and a c c e s s o r ie s . 100.0 35.7 6 .1 10.2 19.8 26 .6 1.6

Radio and t e le v is io n r e c e iv in g s e t s ..* 

M iscella n eou s e l e c t r i c a l equipment

100.0 63 .4 8 .3 3 .9 12.2 9 .3 2 .8

and s u p p lie s * ................................................... 100.0 33.6 5 .4 11.2 20.1 25 .5 4 .3

See footnote at end of table

36

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-ll. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 — Continued

Industry

S c ie n t is t s

and

en g in eers,

a l l

a c t i v i t i e s

S c ie n t is ts and engine ers p rim a rily engaged i n - -

Research

and

development

Management and 

a d m in istra tion o f — T ech n ica l

s a le s

and

s e r v ic e

P rod u ction

and

op era tion s

A ll

oth er

Research and a c t i v i t i e s

development

Other

a c t i v i t i e s

P ercent d is tr ib u tio n

T ra n sp orta tion equ ipm ent.•.••••••••••••• 100.0 4 7 .3 7 .3 9 .1 5 .0 28 .6 2 .7

M otor v e h ic le s and equ ipm ent.................... 100.0 33.6 6 .5 15.9 5 .7 36 .0 2 .3

A ir c r a ft and p a r ts . .................................... .... 100.0 52.5 7 .7 6 .7 4 .7 25 .9 2 .5

Other tra n s p o r ta tio n equ ipm ent.. . . . . . . 100.0 21 .3 5 .7 17.2 6 .3 4 1 .3 8 .2

Instrum ents and r e la te d p rod u cts................. 100.0 4 0 .0 9 .8 8.1 11.2 26 .6 4 .4

E ngineering and s c i e n t i f i c instrum ents 100.0 45.1 12.1 8 .9 6 .4 2 4 .3 3 .3

Other instrum ents.and r e la te d p rod u cts 100.0 36.8 8 .4 7 .6 14.1 2 8 .0 5 .0

Other m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s .••••••••• 100.0 28.2 8 .2 13.9 5.1 38.5 6.1

Nonm anufacturing. ••••••................................•••• 100.0 13.4 2 .6 17.1 13.9 4 3 .0 10.0

M ining............................ ................................. 100.0 6 .6 2 .6 2 2 .9 4 .8 52.5 10.6

Crude petroleum and natu ral g a s .............. 100.0 6 .0 2 .8 2 4 .0 4 .4 4 9 .6 13.2

M etal m in in g ........................................................ 100.0 6 .9 2 .6 2 8 .9 2 .6 52.1 6 .9

Coal m ining......................................................... .. 100.0 5 .3 (1 ) 10.7 5 .7 73.4 4 .1

Quarrying and n on m etallie m ining............ 100.0 14.0 4 .5 2 2 .6 10.5 4 3 .8 4 .6

C ontract c o n s t r u c t io n ................................ .. 100.0 .8 .7 2 1 .4 7 .4 53 .0 16.7

T ra n sp orta tion and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .......... 100.0 3 .8 1 .0 22.1 5.2 59.1 8 .7

R a ilroa d tr a n s p o r ta t io n ............................... 100.0 1.9 (1 ) 17.9 2 .1 55.6 21 .6

Other t r a n s p o r ta t io n ................................. .. 100.0 7.1 1 .2 2 5 .4 (1 ) 6 2 .4 3 .5

Communication...................................................... 100.0 2.2 .7 2 1 .5 2 .4 72.5 .7

E l e c t r i c , g a s, and sa n ita ry s e r v i c e s .• 100.0 4 .5 1.2 2 2 .8 8 .1 52.2 11.3

W holesale and r e t a i l t r a d e ............................. 100.0 7 .8 1 .0 15.6 57 .7 15.4 2 .5

F inan ce, in su ran ce, and r e a l e s t a t e . . . . . 100.0 3 .7 5 .0 2 4 .4 11 .8 31.1 2 3 .9

S e r v ic e s ..................................................................... 100.0 2 9 .3 4 .8 10.3 8 .8 37.2 9 .5

Commercial la b o r a to r ie s ; bu sin ess and

management c o n su ltin g s e r v i c e s .••••• 100.0 51.7 7 .5 9 .6 7 .1 18.3 5 .8

M edical and d en tal la b o r a t o r ie s .•••••• 100.0 12.2 (1 ) 8 .5 17.4 59 .8 (1 )

E ngineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s 100.0 15.3 3.2 11.2 8 .9 4 9 .2 12.1

Other s e r v i c e s . . . . . . ....................................... 100.0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 34 .5 53.5 9 .6

A g ric u ltu r a l s e r v ic e s , fo r e s t r y , and

f i s h e r i e s . . ........................................................ .. 100.0 (1 ) (1 ) 50.2 2 6 .4 18.8 (1 )

\f Less than 50 c a s e s ; percentage not computed.

NOTE••-Percents have been c a lc u la te d on the b a s is o f unrounded 

fig u r e s and th e r e fo r e may not corresp on d e x a c tly w ith those in d ica te d 

by the rounded fig u r e s shown.

37

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-12. Scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962

Size of establishment

Scientists

and

engineers,

all

activities

Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in— *

Research

and

development

Management and

administration of— Technical

sales

and

service

Production

and

operations

All

other

Research and activities

development

Other

activities

Number

Total......................... 851,600 256,600 47,200 107,500 92,700 291,900 55,700

Under 100 employees...................... 152,700 21,300 7,700 30,500 22,000 58,800 12,400

100-499 employees....................... 160,500 38,400 8,500 21,600 25,200 58,100 8,600

500-999 employees....................... 81,900 24,500 5,800 10,000 11,200 24,800 5,600

1,000 employees or more................ . 456,500 172,400 25,300 45,300 34,300 150,200 29,100

NOTE.— Totals have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

with those indicated by the rounded figures shown*

38

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-13. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962

Size of establishment

Scientists

and

engineers,

all

activities

Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in--

Research

and

development

Management and

administration of-- Technical

sales

and

service

Production

and

operations

All

other

Research and activities

development

Other

activities

Percent distribution

Total......................... 100.0 30.1 5.5 12.6 10.9 34.3 6.5

Under 100 employees..................... 100.0 13.9 5.1 20.0 14.4 38.5 8.1

100-499 employees....................... 100.0 23.9 5.3 13.5 15.7 36.2 5.4

500-999 employees....................... 100.0 29.9 7.1 12.2 13.6 30.3 6.8

1,000 employees or more........... ...... 100.0 37.8 5.5 9.9 7.5 32.9 6.4

NOTE.— Percent* have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

with those indicated by the rounded figures shown*

3 9

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-14. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and d e v e l o p m e n t , ^ by occupational group and industry,

J a n u a r y 1962

R&D R&D scientists

Industry

scientists

and

engine era'

R&D

Engineers

Chemists Physicists

Metallurgis t s

Geologists and

geophysicists

Mathem a ­

ticians

Medical

scientists

Agricultural

scientists

Biological

scientists

Unclassified

scientists

All industries.............. 303,800 220,900 45,500 11,800 5,000 1,200 7,800 1,800 2,100 5,500 2,400

Manufacturing................. . 265,900 193,800 40,500 9,700 4,500 400 6,100 1,100 1,600 2,000 2,300

Ordnance and accessories............. 19,800 17,600 500 900 300 (2) 500 (2) (2) 100 (2)

Food and kindred products.... ....... 8,000 2,000 3,100 (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) 1,000 300 1,500

Textile mill products................ 3,600 1,600 2,000 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Lumber and wood products, except

f urniture..... .......... .......... 300 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Paper and allied products............ 2,700 1,000 1,600 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Chemicals and allied products........ 39,700 10,100 20,900 1,100 400 (2) 400 1,500 800 4,200 200

Industrial chemicals............... 17,400 6,700 8,600 1,000 300 (2) 200 (2) 100 400 100

Plastics and synthetics, except glass 3,700 1,400 2,100 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) loo

Drugs................................ 8,600 300 3,300 (2) (2) (2) 100 1,500 300 3,100 (2)

Agricultural chemicals............. 700 (2) 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 400 100 (2)

Other chemical products............ 9,400 1,800 6,600 100 100 (2) 100 (2) (2) 700 100

Petroleum refining..... .............. 3,900 1,900 1,600 100 (2) 200 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products.................... 2,800 1,700 1,100 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Stone, clay, and glass products..... 3,000 2,000 700 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Primary metal industries.......... 6,200 3,200 1,200 200 1,500 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Blast furnace and basic steel

products.......................... 3,900 1,800 700 100 1,100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other primary metal industries.... 2,400 1,400 500 (2) 400 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Fabricated metal products............ 6,200 5,400 400 100 200 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Machinery, except electrical.... . 26,600 23,300 900 600 400 (2) 1,200 (2) (2) (2) 100

Engines and turbines............... 1,500 1,400 100 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Office, computing, and accounting

machines.......................... 9,200 7,300 300 400 100 (2) 1,000 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Farm machinery and equipment....... 3,000 2,800 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other machinery.................... 12,800 11,800 500 200 200 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Electrical equipment and supplies.... 64,800 56,700 2,300 3,500 500 (2) 1,400 (2) (2) (2) 300

Electric distribution equipment and

industrial apparatus............. 10,800 9,600 500 400 200 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Household appliances............... 1,800 1,700 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Communication equipment............ 33,100 29,600 400 1,800 100 (2) 900 (2) (2) (2) 200

Electric lighting and wiring

equipment...................... 1,600 1,400 100 100 (2) C2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Electronic components and accessories. 7,800 5,800 800 700 100 (2) 300 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Radio and television receiving sets 7,800 6,900 200 500 (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Miscellaneous electrical equipment

and supplies.......... ........... 2,000 | 1,700 200 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

See footnotes at end of table.

40

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A-14. S c i e n t i s t s and e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in r e s e a r c h and d e v elopment. =/ b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p and i n d u s t r y ,

J a n u a r y 1962 -- C o n t i n u e d

R&D

R&D

engineers

R&D scientists

Industry

scientists

and

engineers

Chemists Physicists

Metallurgists

Geologists and

geophysicists

Mathematicians

Medical

scientists

Agricultural

scientists

Biological

scientists

Unclassified

scientists

Transportation equipment............ 60,300 53,300 1,800 1,700 1,100 (2) 2,000 (2) (2) 200 200

Motor vehicles and equipment.... 8,900 8,000 400 200 200 (2) 200 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Aircraft and parts.... .......... 50,000 44,100 1,400 1,500 900 (2) 1,800 (2) (2) 200 200

Other transportation equipment... 1,400 1,200 100 (2) (2) (21 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Instruments and related products.... 15,100 11,900 1,400 1,200 100 (2) 300 (2) (2) 100 (2)

Engineering and scientific instrunents 6,600 5,800 300 200 100 (2) 200 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other instruments and related products 8,500 6,200 1,200 1,000 (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) 100 (2)

Other manufacturing industries....... 3,000 1,900 900 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

>nmanufacturing......................... 38,000 27,100 5,000 2,100 500 800 1,700 100 100 500 100

Mining........................... . 2,300 1,300 200 (2) 100 500 (2) (2) (2) 200 (2)

Crude petroleum and natural gas.... 1,400 800 (2) (2) (2) 400 (2) (2) (2) 200 (2)

Metal mining......................... 300 200 (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Coal mining................ ........ 200 100 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining... 300 200 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Contract construction.............. . 600 60C (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Transportation and public utilities.. 2,400 2,100 100 (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Railroad transportation...... . 100 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other transportation........... . 400 300 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Communication....................... 400 400 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1,500 1,300 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Wholesale and retail trade........... 2,800 1,500 1,300 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Finance, insurance,and real estate... 400 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) (2 ) (2) (2)

Services................. ....... ...... 29,500 21,500 3,400 2,100 400 300 1,400 100 (2) 300 100

Commercial laboratories! business

and management consulting services. 20,200 13,700 3,000 1,400 300 200 1,100 100 (2) 200 100

Medical and dental laboratories.... 100 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Engineering and architectural

services.......................... 9,200 7,700 300 600 100 100 300 (2) (2) 100 (2)

Other services......... ............. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Agricultural services, forestry,and

fisheries. .......................... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

1/ C o n d u c t i n g or a d m i n i s t e r i n g r e s e a r c h and d e v e l o p m e n t .

2 / Les s than 50 cases.

N O T E . - - T o t a l s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on the b a s i s of

u n r o u n d e d f i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e m a y no t c o r r e s p o n d

e x a c t l y w i t h t h o s e i n d i c a t e d by the r o u n d e d f i g u r e s

s h o w n .

41

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and deve lo pm en t,—/ as percent of scientists and engineeers

in all activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962

Industry

Scientists

and

engineers

Engineers

Chemists

PhysicistsMetallurgists

Geologists and

geophysicists

Mathematicians

Medical

scientists

Agricultural

scientists

Biological

scientists

Unclassified

scientists

All industries............ 35.7 32.3 55.7 84.7 40.5 9.1 52.9 22.8 24.0 53.9 47.0

Manufacturing............... ............ 43.3 40.4 58.5 84.6 40.7 9.8 63.2 22.5 26.5 59.4 47.9

Ordnance and accessories............. 50.1 47.8 85.9 94.4 93.7 (2) 82.7 (2) (2) 100.0 (2)

Food and kindred products............ 36.0 19.0 58.1 (2) (2) (2) 76.8 (2) 23.9 61.3 99.7

textile mill products................ 51.3 37.7 71.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Lumber and wood products, except

furniture...................... . 16.0 24.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Paper and allied products..... ...... 23.2 12.4 51.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Chemicals and allied products........ 41.5 25.8 58.4 71.5 67.9 (2) 45.2 21.7 43.5 58.4 16.5

Industrial chemicals............... 37.8 25.4 55.1 70.5 76.3 (2) 43.6 (2) 23.3 52.5 14.8

Plastics and synthetics, except glass 44.5 30.7 61.6 86.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 58.5

Drugs................................ 39.7 17.2 54.3 (2) (2) (2) 49.5 21.5 37.1 54.6 (2)

Agricultural chemicals......... 32.0 U ) 21.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 68.1 100,0 (2)

Other chemical products............ 53.4 27.4 69.9 66.2 43.5 (2) 48.7 (2) (2) 96.6 21.6

Petroleum refining.................... 18.7 13.5 45.9 75.0 (2) 7.0 38.3 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products............. ......... . 36.9 28.9 60.1 97.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Stone, clay, and glass products..... 32.6 26.8 56.2 96.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Primary metal industries.... ........ 19.5 14.1 43.5 88.5 25.9 (2) 32.0 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Blast furnace and basic steel products 19.1 12.8 43.4 85.6 29.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other primary metal industries.... 20.3 16.5 43.5 (2) 20.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Fabricated metal products............ 24.8 23.9 30.1 85.3 31.4 (2) 41.0 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Machinery, except electrical......... 38.3 36.4 69.8 74.6 38.7 (2) 67.4 (2) (2) (2) 34.1

Engines and turbines........... . 39.7 38.7 70.5 (2) 63.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Office, computing,and accounting

machines.......................... 63.8 62.0 78.8 69.1 71.0 (2) 72.8 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Farm machinery and equipment...... 40.2 40.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other machinery..................... 29.5 28.3 67.3 83.7 30.8 (2) 54.6 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Electrical equipment and supplies.... 52.6 50.6 70.6 88.7 74.1 (2) 56.3 (2) (2) (2) 47.5

Electric distribution equipment and

industrial apparatus............. 42.6 40.3 85.6 88.3 84.7 (2) 42.6 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Household appliances............... 48.6 47.9 49.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Communication equipment.......... . 59.7 58.7 65.3 92.7 68.8 (2) 55.3 (2) (2) (2) 42.7

Electric lighting and wiring equipment 38.6 36.8 63.4 90.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Electronic components and accessories 41.8 36.6 72.0 78.2 74.7 (2) 61.9 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Radio and television receiving sets 71.7 70.0 80.6 95.8 (2) (2) 73.2 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Miscellaneous electrical equipment

and supplies...................... 39.0 36.9 54.3 64.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

See footnotes at end of table.

42

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and de ve lo pm en t,—' as percent of scientists and engineers

in all activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 -- Continued

Industry

Scientists

and

engineers

Engineers

Chemists Physicists

Metallurgists

Geologists and

geophysicists

Mathema

ticians

Medical

scientists

Agricultural

scientists

Biological

scientists

Unclassified

scientists

Transportation equipment............ 54.6 53.2 73.2 88.1 58.6 (2) 74.6 (2) (2) 91.3 17.5

Motor vehicles and equipment..... 40.1 38.4 72.7 100.0 42.1 (2) 68.2 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Aircraft and parts................ 60.2 59.2 73.8 87.9" 63.7 (2) 74.9 (2) (2) 91.2 16.3

Other transportation equipment.... 27.0 24.7 65.6 (2) (2) (2) 88.9 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Instruments and related products.... 49.8 46.7 70.1 84.0 62.1 (2) 80.8 (2) (2) 53.7 (2)

Engineering and scientific

instruments...................... 57.2 56.5 88.0 87.9 68.5 (2) 96.3 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other instruments and related

products......................... 45.3 40.2 67.1 83.0 (2) (2) 63.3 (2) (2) 53.7 (2)

Other manufacturing industries..... 36.4 29.5 62.5 91.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Nonmanufacturing.................. . 15.9 13.3 40.2 84.9 39.6 8.7 33.1 27.3 7.7 28.4 33.8

Mining.... ........................... 9.2 8.1 21.9 (2) 22.8 6.6 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2)

Crude petroleum and natural gas... 8.8 8.5 (2) (2) (2) 6.2 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2)

Metal mining....................... 9.4 7.1 (2) (2) 19.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Coal mining. ................... . 6.0 4.0 29.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. 18.5 14.2 34.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Contract construction............... 1.5 1.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Transportation and public utilities. 4.8 4.5 23.7 (2) (2) (2) 17.5 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Railroad transportation........... 2.7 1.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Other transportation.............. 8.3 7.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Communication...................... 2.8 2.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Electric, gas, and sanitary services 5.7 5.4 22.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Wholesale and retail trade........... 8.8 6.2 20.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Finance, insurance,and real estate... 8.8 7.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 11.8 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Services.............................. 34.1 29.1 74.0 92.4 72.7 24.3 71.8 30.5 (2) 19.2 71.1

Commercial laboratories; business

and management consulting services 59.2 53.2 78.6 91.2 94.7 61.5 73.5 32.5 (2) 70.6 68.8

Medical and dental laboratories.... 14.1 (2) 28.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Engineering and architectural

services.......................... 18.5 16.5 67.5 95.3 41.0 7.2 67.8 (2) (2) 38.8 (2)

Other services........... .......... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Agricultural services, forestry, and

and fisheries....................... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

j J Conducting or administering research and development. NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of

2 j Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

with those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

43

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A.16* Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development*1/ by size of establishment and industry, January 1962

Industry

R&D

scientists

and engineers in all

R&D scientists and engineers in establishments

with total employment of—

establishments Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 *r

more

Number

All industries................................... 303,800 29,000 46,900 30,300 197,600

Manufacturing.................................................... 265,900 17,400 36,900 26,300 185,300

Ordnance and accessories*••••.•••••••••••••••••..... ............ * 19,800 (2) 200 1,000 18,600

Food and kindred products.*.......... ........................... 8,000 900 2,100 3,500 1,500

Textile mill products.................................... ...... 3,600 100 3,000 100 400

Lumber and wood products, except furniture**...................... 300 100 100 100 (2)

Paper and allied products*•• ••••••••................. .......... .. 2,700 300 1,300 300 900

Chemicals and allied products***................................. 39,700 4,100 9,100 3,500 23,000

Industrial chemicals**................. ..................... .. 17,400 500 1,900 1,000 14,000

Plastics and synthetics, except glass**.*.*......... .......... . 3,700 400 1,200 500 1,600

Drugs........... ...... •••••....... *.... ....... ............ . 8,600 500 2,000 900 5,300

Other chemical products 3/.................................... 10,100 2,800 4,100 1,100 2,100

Petroleum refining...... *..... ................. *.............. 3,900 (2) 1,000 600 2,300

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products*....................... 2,800 100 500 800 1,500

Stone, clay, and glass products******••••••••••••••••••••*••••••••••• 3,000 400 800 600 1,200

Primary metal industries.............. ••••••••.................. 6,200 400 2,000 800 3,100

Blast furnace and basic steel products**..••••••••••............. 3,900 200 1,100 200 2,400

Other primary metal industries.....*........... ............... 2,400 200 900 600 700

Fabricated metal products*•••••••••••••••....... •••••••.... ..... . 6,200 1,700 1,700 900 1,900

Machinery, except electrical*.................. ................. 26,600 2,700 4,800 4,000 15,000

Engines and turbines***..•••.•••••••••••••••..... .............. 1,500 100 (2) 100 1,300

Office, computing, and accounting machines*................ 9,200 100 800 1,500 6,900

Farm machinery and equipment*........ ..... ....... .......... 3,000 600 400 200 1,800

Other machinery.................... ••••••...... ........... . 12,800 2,000 3,600 2,200 5,100

Electrical equipment and supplies*.................. ............ 64,800 4,500 5,900 6,200 48,200

Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus*******.*** 10,800 1,300 1,700 2,200 5,500

Household appliances*••••.......... *............... ........... 1,800 100 100 100 1,500

Communication,equipment.................... ................... 33,100 700 2,300 2,100 28,000

Electric lighting and wiring equipment.... *................... 1,600 300 300 400 700

Electronic components and accessories*****....•••.... •••••••••••• 7,800 1,900 800 900 4,200

Radio and television receiving sets*...... *.................... 7,800 200 400 300 6,900

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies*......... .

See footnotes at end of table*

2,000 100 400 200 1,300

44

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 1 6 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ^ 1/ b y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 -- C o n t i n u e d

Industry

R&D

scientists

and engineers in all

establishments

R&D scientists and engineers in establishments

with total employment of—

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Number

Transportation equipment.••»••••••••................... .......... 60,300 600 1,300 2,500 56,000

Motor vehicles and equipment.•••••........... ........... 8,900 100 600 400 7,800

Aircraft and parts............................................ 50,000 400 500 2,100 47,000

Other transportation equipment................................. 1,400 100 100 100 1,100

Instruments and related products.• ••••••........... .............. 15,100 1,200 2,400 1,200 10,300

Engineering and scientific instruments........ ................. 6,600 300 700 200 5,400

Other instruments and related products.• •••••••................. 8,400 900 1,700 900 4,900

Other manufacturing industries.................................. 3,000 300 800 500 1,400

Nonmanufacturing...... ............. ••••••.... ....... ........... 38,000 11,600 10,000 4,000 12,300

Mining........ ................................................ 2,300 800 600 300 600

Crude petroleum and natural gas....•••••••.................... . 1,400 700 300 100 300

Metal mining.......•••••••.................................... 300 (2) 100 (2) 100

Coal mining...••••••••••••••••• ••••••........... . 200 (2) 100 (2) 100

Quarrying and nonmetal lie mining. ....... ....................... 300 (2) 100 200 (2)

Contract construction........................................... 600 200 200 100 200

Transportation and public utilities......... ..................... 2,400 100 400 500 1,300

Railroad transportation.....••••••••••••••••..... •••••••••••••••• 100 (2) (2) (2) 100

Other transportation.•••••••••.............••••••..... ..... •••• 400 (2) (2) 100 200

Communication............. •••••••••...... •••.•••••••••••.... . 400 100 300 (2) (2)

Electric, gas, and sanitary services................ .......... 1,500 (2) 100 400 900

Wholesale and retail trade.•• •••••• ........••••••••••..... ••••••••• 2,800 600 1,700 (2) 400

Finance, insurance, and real estate.•••••••••••••••••.....•••••••••• 400 (2) (2) 200 200

Services..... ................................................. 29,500 10,000 7,100 2,900 9,600

Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting

services................................................... 20,200 5,800 5,500 2,500 6,400

Other services 2/....,................................. ..... . 9,300 4,200 1,600 300 3,200

Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries..................... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

1/ Conducting or administering research and development. NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded

2 J Less than 50 cases. figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated

3/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: by the rounded figures shown.

Other chemical products— agricultural chemicals.

Other services— medical and dental laboratories, engineering and

architectural services.

45

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 1 7 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , ^ / a s p e r c e n t o f s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s i n a l l

a c t i v i t i e s , b y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Industry All

establishments

Establishments with total employment of --

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

All industries............................. 35.7 19.0 29.2 37.0 43.3

Manufacturing* *....*.................... ...... *.... *.... .... 43.3 30.3 35.6 43.2 47.3

Ordnance and accessories.................................... 50*1 (2) 58.0 45.6 50.3

Food and kindred products*•• •••••• ..........*.........*...... * 36.0 18*5 24.5 88.3 30.8

Textile mill products*• ................ •••••••...... *.......* 51.3 66.7 57.7 27.4 30.6

Lumber and wood products, except furniture......... *......... 16*0 66.7 5.7 19.0 (2)

Paper and allied products*••••....*....................... . 23.2 10.7 39.1 14.3 22.5

Chemicals and allied products*••*• ••••••«•••................. * 41*5 46.1 41.4 44.3 40.5

Industrial chemicals*............ *........................ 37.8 31.4 34.8 36.6 38.6

Plastics and synthetics, except glass....... ............... 44*5 39.8 51.0 33.0 46.4

Drugs*.............................. ..................... 39.7 23.7 32.3 50.5 44.5

Other chemical products.2/*....*................... ....... 51*0 62*1 49.6 57.4 41.1

Petroleum refining*•*••••*..... *.......... ............. . 18.7 (2) 35.6 29.9 14.6

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products******••*••••••........ 36.9 14.3 31.5 43.5 39.0

Stone, clay, and glass products**............................ 32.6 27.3 25.4 45.0 37.0

Primary metal industries....*.........••••••................. 19.5 14.5 33.7 26.5 15.1

Blast furnace and basic steel products**********............ * 19.1 17.6 38.2 17.9 15.8

Other primary metal industries*••••••••••••••.....•••••••••••• 20*3 12.5 29.6 33.3 13.2

Fabricated metal products*........ *............ *........... 24*8 26.8 22.8 21.6 27.2

Machinery, except electrical*........... •«••••.......*...... * 38.3 20.3 32.4 39.4 48.6

Engines and turbines*.......................*............. 39.7 53.8 (2) 15*7 43.1

Office, computing, and accounting machines*•• ••••••••..... . 63*8 22.5 72.5 81.2 61.0

Farm machinery and equipment* .............................. 40.2 22.2 34*8 43.2 57.4

Other machinery*••••••••............ •**......... ••••*..... 29.5 19.2 28.7 30.3 37.5

Electrical equipment and supplies*........................... 52.6 47.2 42.0 49.6 55.3

Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus******* 42.6 34.4 42.2 44.5 44.5

Household appliances..... .*•.............................* 48*6 28.7 26.4 55.9 50.5

Communication equipment.................................... 59.7 60*4 64.5 64.0 59.0

Electric lighting and wiring equipment*****••••••••••*•..... 38.6 40.5 25.7 38.7 46.7

Electronic components and accessories*******...... 41*8 61.1 29.7 40.1 39.8

Radio and television receiving sets******............ *...... 71.7 64.6 25.6 69.8 80.4

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies**............ 39.0 24.4 41.5 59.1 37.7

See footnotes at end of table*

4 6

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 1 7 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ; 1/ a s p e r c e n t o f s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s i n a l l

a c t i v i t i e s , b y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 • - C o n t i n u e d

Industry All

establishments

Establishments with total employment of —

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Transportation equipment*............................... 54.6 30.0 24.1 41*8 57.5

Motor vehicles and equipment*****.**.......................... 40*1 35.8 60.3 32.3 39.6

Aircraft and parts.......................................... 60.2 29.2 14.1 45*6 64.0

Other transportation equipment*••••*••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 27.0 26.5 25.0 20*4 27.7

Instruments and related products...... ................. ....... 49.8 44.2 42.5 45.1 53.3

Engineering and scientific instruments**•••••*•••••••••••••....* 57.2 54.3 44.3 53.0 59.7

Other instruments and related products***.*...... •••••••..... . 45.3 41.5 41.8 43.6 47.7

Other manufacturing industries*••••••..... ••••••••••••.........* 36*4 16.9 32.1 39.0 51*6

Nonmanufacturing**... ........*.... ...... •••••••••..... ••••••••••• 15.9 12*2 17.6 19.1 19.0

Mining...... •••........••••••••••...... ............ *...... . 9.2 8.3 7.8 11.4 11.7

Crude petroleum and natural gas**•••••••• •••••••••••••••...... * 8*8 10*4 5.7 3.7 13.6

Metal mining*******..**........ ............... ............. 9.4 (2) 13.2 (2) 9.7

Coal mining***................ ...... ...... ................ * 6.0 (2) 10*8 (2) 10.6

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining**........................ . 18.5 (2) 13.5 35.5 (2)

Contract construction*••••••*••••••••••.......... .............. 1.5 .7 1.9 2.7 3.9

Transportation and public utilities*•••••.....••••.............. 4.8 1.2 6.4 12.2 4.1

Railroad transportation.*.... ..................... ......... 2.7 (2) (2) (2) 2.9

Other transportation*........... ...... ....... ............. . 8*3 (2) (2) 17.1 18.0

Communication* .............................................. 2.8 1.9 14.8 (2) (2)

Electric, gas, and sanitary services*..................•••••••• 5.7 (2) 5.4 13.9 5.0

Wholesale and retail trade*..........••••••••••••••••........... 8.8 6.3 14.5 (2) 8.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate*******........... ..........* 8*8 (2) (2) 19.1 8.7

Services******........................••••••................. . 34.1 21.3 34.8 61.4 65.9

Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting

services* ........... *........*................•••••••••••• 59.2 43.9 63.8 77.4 70.5

Other services 2/.............. ........ ................................... 17.8 12.5 13.6 24.7 58.3

Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries**........ *..... .. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

\ / Conducting or administering research and development* NOTE•--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded

7/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated

J3/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: by the rounded figures shown*

~ Other chemical products— agricultural chemicals*

Other services— medical and dental laboratories, engineering and

architectural services*

4 7

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 1 8 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t * * ^ ' b y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d

o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Occupational group

R&D

scientists

and

engineers

in all

establishments

R&D scientists and engineers in establishments

with total employment of--

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

Number

All groups........................ 303,800 29,000 46,900 30,300 197,600

Engineers..................................... 220,900 18,800 28,600 21,100 152,500

Physical scientists............................ 63,500 8,100 14,800 6,200 34,400

Chemists.................................... 45,500 6,100 12,600 4,900 21,800

Physicists................................... 11,800 1,100 1,300 900 8,600

Metallurgists................................ 5,000 400 500 400 3,600

Geologists and geophysicists.................. 1,200 400 300 100 400

Life scientists........................*....... 9,300 1,500 2,800 700 4,300

Medical scientists........................... 1,800 200 600 100 900

Agricultural scientists....................... 2,100 700 900 100 400

Biological scientists........................ 5,500 700 1,300 500 3,000

Mathematicians................................. 7,800 500 700 700 5,800

Unclassified scientists........................ 2,400 (2) 100 1,500 700

1/ Conducting or administering research and development. NOTE.-^Totals have been calculated on the basis

of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond

2/ Less than 50 cases. exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures

shown.

4 8 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 1 9 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ^ / a s p e r c e n t o f s c i e n t i s t s a n d

e n g i n e e r s i n a l l a c t i v i t i e s , b y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Occupational group

R&D

scientists

and engineers

as percent,

in all

establishments

R&D scientists and engineers as percent, in

establishments with total employment of--

Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or

more

All groups........................ 35.7 19.0 29.2 37.0 43.3

Engineers.................................... 32.3 14.8 24.5 32.4 40.6

Physical scientists........................... 52.5 43.7 45.6 53.7 59.0

Chemists................................... 55.7 56.2 48.6 58.8 60.0

Physicis ts................................. 84.7 83.8 92.3 75.1 84.8

Metallurgists............................... 40.5 22.8 29.5 40.6 47.4

Geologists and geophysicists................. 9.1 9.6 9.6 7.7 8.4

Life scientists............................... 35.1 29.4 28.6 58.8 41.1

Medical scientists.......................... 22.8 17.4 25.1 64.9 20.6

Agricultural scientists...................... 24.0 26.0 22.7 22.0 24.4

Biological scientists....................... 53.9 42.2 37.9 77.6 66.7

Mathematicians................................ 52.9 41.1 53.2 •35.0 58.3

Unclassified scientists....................... 47.0 (2) ^ 28.2 78.8 27.0

1/ Conducting or administering research and development.

2/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed.

NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis

of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond

exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures

shown.

4 9

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 0 . E n g i n e e r s , b y f u n c t i o n a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Engineers primarily engaged in—

Industry

Engineers,

all

activities

Research

and

development

Management

administra

; and

ition of— Technical Production All

Research

and

development

Other

activities

sales

and

service

and

operations

other

activities

All industries.............. ....... 684,600 186,200 34,800 92,800 74,900 252,900 43,100

Manufacturing.................................... 480,300 163,800 30,000 56,300 47,400 159,900 22,800

Ordnance and accessories...................... 36,900 16,100 1,500 1,100 1,400 16,200 600

Food and kindred products..................... 10,400 1,200 800 2,900 (1) 5,000 400

Textile mill products......... ................ 4,100 1,200 400 600 100 1,800 100

Lumber and wood products,except furniture.... 900 100 100 100 (1) 600 (1)

Paper and allied products..................... 7,900 800 200 1,500 500 4,600 300

Chemicals and allied products................ 39,200 8,800 1,300 4,200 2,200 18,400 4,300

Industrial chemicals........................ 26,200 6,000 600 2,100 1,200 12,900 3,400

Plastics and synthetics, except glass..... 4,400 1,100 300 600 500 1,700 200

Drugs...... ................................. 1,600 200 (1) 300 (1) 800 200

Agricultural chemicals............ ......... 500 (1) (1) 100 (1) 300 (1)

Other chemical products................... 6,400 1,500 300 1,000 400 2,700 500

Petroleum refining............................ 14,100 1,700 200 2,500 1,000 6,700 1,900

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products... 5,800 1,200 400 1,000 700 2,200 300

Stone; clay, and glass products••••••...... . 7,500 1,400 600 1,300 1,000 2,900 300

Primary metal industries..................... . 22,700 2,600 600 4,600 2,100 11,600 1,200

Blast furnace and basic steel products.... 14,400 1,500 300 3,100 1,300 7,300 900

Other primary metal industries............. 8,300 1,100 200 1,600 800 4,300 200

Fabricated metal products........ ............. 22,700 3,900 1,500 4 ,400 4,100 7,700 1,100

Machinery, except electrical................. 64,000 18,600 4,700 8,900 10,800 17,800 3,100

Engines and turbines........................ 3,600 1,200 200 500 500 1,000 100

Office, computing, and accounting machines. 11,800 6,200 1,100 600 800 2,600 500

Farm machinery and equipment..... .......... 7,100 2,300 500 1,200 700 2,000 400

Other machinery.............................. 41,500 8,90,0 2,800 6,500 8,800 12,200 2,200

Electrical equipment and supplies............ 112,000 49,200 7,500 10,600 14,700 25,000 5,000

Electric distribution equipment and

industrial apparatus...................... 23,800 7,900 1,600 2,800 4,800 5,800 800

Household appliances........................ 3,500 1,300 300 400 100 1,200 100

Communication equipment..•••••••••........ 50,500 26,300 3,300 4,100 3,500 10,100 3,200

Electric lighting and wiring equipment..... 3,900 1,100 300 600 600 1,100 200

16,000 5,000 900 i,aoo 3,400 4,700 300

Radio and television receiving sets........ 9,900 6,100 800 400 1,300 1,000 300

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and •••

supplies............. ......... ........... 4,500 1,400 200 500 1,000 1,200 200

S e e f o o t n o t e a t e n d o f t a b l e .

5 0

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 0 . E n g i n e e r s , b y f u n c t i o n a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 - - C o n t i n u e d

Engineers primarily engaged in—

Industry

Engineers

all

Research

and

Management and

administration of— Technical Production All

activities development Research

and

development

Other

activities

sale s

and

service

and

operations

other

activitie s

Transportation equipment.................. 100,100 46,000 7,200 9,400 5,300 29,500 2,600

Motor vehicles and equipment............

Aircraft and parts.......................

Other transportation equipment..........

20,800

74,400

4,900

6,800

38,300

900

1,200

5,700

300

3,400

5,200

900

1,200

3,700

300

7,700

19,700

2,100

500

1,800

400

Instruments and related products.......... 25,500 9,600 2,300 2,100 3,200 7,300 1,100

Engineering and scientific instruments..

Other instruments and related products..

10,200

15,300

4,500

5,100

1,300

1,100

800

1,300

700

2,500

2,600

4,700

400

700

Other manufacturing industries.......... 6,600 1,400 500 1,100 300 2,700 500

Nonmanufacturing............................. 204,300 22,400 4,700 36,400 27,500 92,900 20,300

Mining...................... ................ 15,900 900 400 3,900 1,000 9,500 300

Crude petroleum and natural gas........

Metal mining.............................

Coal mining................ ........ . • • • •

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining........

9.500

2,200

2,700

1.500

500

100

100

100

300

(1)

(1)

100

2,500

800

300

300

500

100

200

200

5,600

1,100

2,100

700

(1)

100

100

100

Contract construction......................

Transportation and public utilities .......

40,700

47,600

300

1,700

300

400

8,800

10,700

3,000

2,500

21,500

28,400

6,900

3,800

Railroad transportation..................

Other transportation..... .......... .

Communication...... .....................

Electric, gas, and sanitary services.. ••

5,000

4,100

13,700

24,800

100

300

300

1,100

(1)

(1)

100

300

900

1,100

3,000

5,800

100

(1)

300

2,100

2,800

2,600

10,000

13,000

1,100

100

100

2,500

Wholesale and retail trade.................

Finance, insurance, and real estate........

Services....................................

23,500

2,700

73,900

1,300

(1)

18,200

200

200

3,300

4,300

600

8,100

13,400

400

7,200

3,500

800

29,300

800

700

7,800

Commercial laboratories; business and

management consulting services........

Medical and dental laboratories.........

Engineering and architectural services...,

Other services............................

25,800

(1)

47,100

1,000

11,900

(1)

6,300

(1)

1,800

(1)

1,500

(1)

2,800

(1)

5,300

(1)

2,100

(1)

4,400

600

5,400

(1)

23,600

200

1,700

(1)

6,000

200

Agricultural services, forestry, and

fisheries................................. (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

1/ Less than 50 cases.

NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

with those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

5 1

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A -21. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962

In d u stry

T e ch n icia n s

in a l l

e s t a b l i s h -

T ech n icia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith

t o t a l employment o f —

me n t s

Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9 1 ,0 0 0 or

more

Number

A l l i n d u s t r i e s .................................................................. ............................... 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 5 ,2 0 0 6 1 ,5 0 0 2 5 8 ,5 0 0

M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................................................................................................................. 3 7 9 ,5 0 0 4 7 ,5 0 0 7 3 ,4 0 0 4 7 ,2 0 0 2 1 1 ,5 0 0

O r d n a n c e and a c c e s s o r i e s . . . ............................................................................................ 1 4 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 200 1 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,4 0 0

Food and k in d red p r o d u c ts ....................................... ........................................................... 1 3 ,9 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,2 0 0

T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ............................................................................................................... 3 ,7 0 0 200 1 ,5 0 0 900 1 ,2 0 0

Lumber and wood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................. 1 ,9 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 600 200 100

P ap er an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................... 5 ,7 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,8 0 0

C h e m i c a l s and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................... 4 3 ,4 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0

I n d u s t r i a l c h e m ic a ls ...................................................... ................ .................................. 2 0 ,8 0 0 800 3 ,4 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 1 5 ,2 0 0

P la s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ......................................................... 5 ,4 0 0 700 1 ,7 0 0 700 2 ,3 0 0

D r u g s ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 ,4 0 0 700 1 ,0 0 0 600 3 ,2 0 0

O ther ch em ical p ro d u c ts %J.................... .................................................................... 1 1 ,7 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 3 ,2 0 0

P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ................................................ .................... .................... ....................... .... 9 ,4 0 0 100 1 ,6 0 0 900 6 ,7 0 0

R u b b e r and m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s ................................................ 4 ,7 0 0 200 900 1 ,1 0 0 2 ,5 0 0

S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts .................................................................................... 4 ,7 0 0 200 1 ,9 0 0 800 1 ,8 0 0

P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ......................................................................................................... 1 8 ,9 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0

B l a s t f u r n a c e and b a s i c s t e e l s p r o d u c t s ....................................................... 1 2 ,2 0 0 300 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 9 ,2 0 0

Other prim ary m eta l i n d u s t r i e s ..................... ................................................. ..... 6 ,7 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 2 ,1 0 0

F a b r ic a te d m etal p r o d u c ts ..................... ............................................ ................................ 2 4 ,6 0 0 6 ,1 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 6 ,4 0 0

M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l .......................................................................................... 6 3 ,4 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 1 4 ,4 0 0 9 ,2 0 0 2 6 ,0 0 0

E n gin es and t u r b i n e s .................................... ........................................................ .. 3 ,7 0 0 100 100 500 3 ,0 0 0

O f f i c e com puting, and a c co u n tin g m a ch in es ................................................ 1 1 ,2 0 0 100 1 ,2 0 0 700 9 ,1 0 0

!Farm machinery and equipment............................................................ ....................... 6 ,0 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 400 2 ,4 0 0

O t h e r m a c h i n e r y ........................................................................................................................... 4 2 ,5 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 7 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,6 0 0

E l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s . ........................................................................ 8 4 ,9 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 1 3 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 5 2 ,5 0 0

E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a ra tu s. 2 0 ,5 0 0 3 ,8 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 8 ,4 0 0

H o u s e h o l d a p p l i a n c e s .............................................................................. ............................. 2 ,7 0 0 100 200 300 2 ,2 0 0

Communication equ ip m en t ............ ................................................................... ................. 3 4 ,0 0 0 900 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 2 5 ,5 0 0

E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w irin g eq u ip m en t ...................................................... 2 ,4 0 0 100 1 ,0 0 0 600 700

E le c t r o n ic com ponents and a c c e s s o r i e s . ...................................................... 1 4 ,2 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 7 ,1 0 0

R a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ............................................................... 7 ,1 0 0 300 300 300 6 ,2 0 0

M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s ........................... 4 ,1 0 0 400 1 ,1 0 0 300 2 ,3 0 0

See footnotes at end of table.

52

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A -2 1. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 - - continued

In d u stry

T e ch n icia n s

in a l l

e s t a b l i s h -

ments

T ech n icia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith

t o t a l employment o f —

Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9 1 ,0 0 0 or

more

Number

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ................................................................................................ 5 7 ,8 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 4 8 ,2 0 0

M otor v e h i c le s and eq u ip m en t ................................................ ............................. 1 5 ,9 0 0 200 900 1 ,3 0 0 1 3 ,5 0 0

A i r c r a f t and p a r t s .................... ........................................................... ...................... 3 6 ,3 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 3 ,3 0 0 3 0 ,5 0 0

Other tr a n s p o r ta tio n equ ipm en t .................................................................. . . 5 ,6 0 0 400 600 400 4 ,2 0 0

In stru m en ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c ts ........................................................................ 2 1 ,3 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 1 2 ,3 0 0

E n g in e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c in s tr u m e n ts ................................................ 8 ,4 0 0 600 1 ,5 0 0 400 5 ,9 0 0

Other in stru m e n ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c ts ................................................ 1 2 ,9 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 6 ,4 0 0

O t h e r m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s .............................................................................. 7 ,2 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 0 0

N o n m an u factu rin g ........................................................................ , ......................................... .. 2 0 5 ,5 0 0 1 0 2 ,5 0 0 4 1 ,8 0 0 1 4 ,3 0 0 4 7 ,0 0 0

M i n i n g , ................................................................. ......................... . ....................... . . . . . . . . . 1 0 ,1 0 0 4 ,4 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 700 2 ,0 0 0

Crude p etro leu m and n a tu r a l g a s ..................................................................... 7 ,1 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 400 1 ,0 0 0

M e t a l m i n i n g ...................................................................................... ... 1 ,1 0 0 200 400 100 500

C oal m in in g ............................................ ...................................... ............................................ 1 ,2 0 0 400 200 100 500

Q uarrying and n o n m e ta llic m in in g . ............................................................... 7 0 0 200 300 200 ( 1 )

C o n tra ct c o n s t r u c t i o n . . . ............................................................................. ................. 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,6 0 0 4 ,3 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 2 ,5 0 0

T ra n sp o rta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ...................................................... . . ; 4 4 ,3 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 2 6 ,8 0 0

R a ilro a d t r a n s p o r t a t io n ................................... ........................................................ 3 ,7 0 0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 3 ,6 0 0

O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . • ..................................................................... ......................... 3 ,0 0 0 300 400 600 1 ,7 0 0

C o m m u n i c a t i o n ........................................................................................................................... 2 1 ,2 0 0 7 ,9 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 9 ,3 0 0

E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita r y s e r v i c e s ...................................................... 1 6 ,4 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 1 2 ,1 0 0

W h olesale and r e t a i l t r a d e ........................... ................................................. ... 1 8 ,9 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 5 ,5 0 0

F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ................................................................ 2 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 900 (1 ) 1 ,2 0 0

S e r v i c e s ................................................................................................................................................ 1 0 3 ,8 0 0 6 8 ,6 0 0 2 3 ,1 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 9 ,1 0 0

Commercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u sin e ss and management

c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ................................................................................................... 3 6 ,1 0 0 2 0 ,7 0 0 7 ,7 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 5 ,9 0 0

O t h e r s e r v i c e s £ / ........................................................................................ .................... 6 7 ,7 0 0 4 7 ,8 0 0 1 5 ,4 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 3 ,2 0 0

A g r ic u lt u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s .............................. ... 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 800 (1 ) ( 1 )

1/ Less than 50 cases.

2/ Included in designated industry group are industries

combined as follows:

Other chemical products--agricultural chemicals.

Other services--medical and dental laboratories,

engineering and architectural services.

NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of

of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond

exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures

shown.

53

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-22. Percent d istrib u tio n of technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962

In d u stry

T ech n icia n s

in a l l

e s t a b l i s h -

ments

T ech n icia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith

t o t a l employment o f —

Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9 1 ,0 0 0 or

more

P ercent d i s t r i b u t i o n

A l l i n d u s t r i e s . ........................................................................ ... 1 0 0 .0 2 5 .6 1 9 .7 1 0 .5 4 4 .2

M a n u f a c t u r i n g ................................................................................................................................................ 1 0 0 .0 1 2 .5 1 9 .3 1 2 .4 5 5 .7

O r d n a n c e and a c c e s s o r i e s ......................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 ( 1 ) 1 .7 9 .7 8 8 .4

F oo d and k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ........................................................................ ............................. 1 0 0 .0 2 6 .6 3 8 .7 1 8 .6 1 6 .1

T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s .................................................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 4 .1 3 9 .7 2 4 .5 3 1 .5

Lumber an d wood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................... 1 0 0 .0 5 2 .3 3 4 .2 8 .4 5 .2

Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . ..................... ............................................ ................................ 1 0 0 .0 1 7 .8 3 1 .8 1 8 .5 3 1 .8

C h e m i c a l s and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .......................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 1 .4 2 4 .4 9 .3 5 5 .0

I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s ....................................................................................... ....................... 1 0 0 .0 3 .7 1 6 .2 7 .1 7 3 .1

P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ............................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 2 .7 3 1 .9 1 3 .6 4 1 .8

D r u g s ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 0 0 .0 1 2 .2 1 8 .0 1 1 .2 5 8 .6

Other ch em ical p ro d u cts %/................................................ ........................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 4 .0 3 8 .3 1 0 .2 2 7 ,4

P etroleum r e f i n i n g ..................................................................... ..................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 .4 1 7 .4 9 .8 7 1 .4

Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c ts ................................................... 1 0 0 .0 4 .7 1 9 .3 2 3 .7 5 2 .4

S t o n e , c l a y and g l a s s p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 4 .6 3 9 .8 1 7 .6 3 5 .0

P r im a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ......................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 7 .5 1 8 .5 1 3 .9 6 0 .1

B l a s t f u r n a c e and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s . . ............... 1 0 0 .0 2 .7 1 3 .5 8 .3 7 5 .5

Other prim ary m eta l i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 6 .3 2 7 .4 2 4 .2 3 2 .0

F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 5 .0 3 3 .2 1 5 .7 2 6 .1

M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l .............................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 2 1 .8 2 2 .6 1 4 .5 4 1 .0

E n g i n e s and t u r b i n e s ............................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 .6 3 .3 1 4 .4 7 9 .7

O f f i c e , c o m p u t i n g and a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s ................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 .2 1 1 .0 6 .4 8 1 .4

Farm m a c h i n e s and e q u i p m e n t .......................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 3 6 .8 1 7 .4 6 .4 3 9 .5

O t h e r m a c h i n e r y .............................................................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 2 6 .9 2 8 .1 1 7 .8 2 7 .2

E l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s . . . .................. ...................................... ... 1 0 0 .0 9 .7 1 6 .0 1 2 .5 6 1 .9

E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipm ent and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a tu s .. 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .8 1 7 .9 2 0 .3 4 1 .0

H o u s e h o ld a p p l i a n c e s ............................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 .2 7 .0 9 .4 8 1 .4

Communication equipm ent .................................................................. ................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 .8 1 1 .8 1 0 .1 7 5 .2

E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w i r i n g e q u i p m e n t .......................................................... 1 0 0 .0 4 .0 4 1 .2 2 4 .0 3 0 .8

E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n ts and a c c e s s o r i e s ............................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .3 2 0 .1 1 1 .5 5 0 .1

R a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 4 .0 4 .6 4 .4 8 7 .0

M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t and s u p p l i e s ..................... 1 0 0 .0 9 .1 2 7 .1 6 .4 5 7 .5

See footnotes at end of table.

54

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-22. Percent d istrib u tio n of technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 - - Continued

In d u stry

T ech n icia n s

in a l l

e s t a b l i s h -

ments

T ech n icia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith

t o t a l employment o f —

Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9 1 ,0 0 0 or

more

Percent d i s t r i b u t i o n

T ra n sp o r ta tio n equipm ent. ................................................... ............................... ... 1 0 0 .0 3 .4 4 .5 8 .7 8 3 .4

M o to r v e h i c l e s and e q u i p m e n t .............................................................................. ... 1 0 0 .0 1 .1 5 .4 8 .2 8 5 .3

A i r c r a f t and p a r t s . ................................................... ........................................................... 1 0 0 .0 3 .9 3 .0 9 .2 8 3 .9

O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .............................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 7 .1 1 1 .3 7 .0 7 4 .7

I n s t r u m e n t s and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s .............................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 3 .9 1 9 .6 8 .8 5 7 .8

E n g in e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c in s tr u m e n ts ...................................................... 1 0 0 .0 7 .2 1 7 .4 4 .9 7 0 .5

O ther in stru m en ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c ts ...................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .1 2 1 .0 1 1 .3 4 9 .6

O t h e r m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s .................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 1 .7 3 4 .9 1 4 .4 2 9 .0

N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ................................................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 4 9 .9 2 0 .3 6 .9 2 2 .9

M i n i n g ..................................................... ...................................... ............................... ... 1 0 0 .0 4 3 .8 2 9 .5 7 .3 1 9 .3

Crude petro leu m and n a tu r a l g a s ................................................... ...................... 1 0 0 .0 5 1 .2 2 9 .1 5 .9 1 3 .8

M e t a l m i n i n g ......................................................... ............................... ............................. .. 1 0 0 .0 1 9 .2 3 4 .0 6 .0 4 0 .8

C oal m i n i n g . .................................................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 3 4 .6 2 0 .1 5 .2 4 0 .0

Q uarrying and n o n m e ta llic m in in g ............................................................... .. 1 0 0 .0 2 4 .1 4 4 .0 2 8 .9 (1 )

C o n tra ct c o n s t r u c t io n .............................. ..................................................... ....................... .. 1 0 0 .0 63.7 1 7 .7 8 .6 1 0 .1

T r a n sp o rta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . .................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 2 6 .2 1 1 .3 7 .0 6 0 .4

R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ........................................................................... ....................... 1 0 0 .0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 9 8 .4

O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ............................................................................................................ 1 0 0 .0 1 0 .3 1 2 .0 2 1 .3 5 6 .5

Com m unication ......................................................... ....................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 3 7 .4 1 4 .0 4 .5 4 4 .1

E l e c t r i c , gas, and s a n ita r y s e r v i c e s ...................................................... .. . . 1 0 0 .0 7 .0 1 0 .1 9 .1 7 3 .8

W h olesa le and r e t a i l t r a d e ........................................................................... .................... 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .6 2 4 .7 2 7 .7 2 9 .0

F in a n c e, insurance* and r e a l e s t a t e ........................................................................ 1 0 0 .0 (1 ) 4 3 .4 ( 1 ) 5 6 .1

S e r v i c e s ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 6 6 .0 2 2 .3 3 .0 8 .7

Commercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management

c o n s u ltin g s e r v i c e s ........................................................... ....................... ................... 1 0 0 .0 5 7 .4 2 1 .3 5 .2 1 6 .2

Other s e r v ic e s %].......................................................................................... ......................... 1 0 0 .0 7 0 .7 2 2 .8 1 .8 4 .8

A g r ic u lt u r a l s e r v i c e s , fo r e s tr y , and f i s h e r i e s .................. .. 1 0 0 .0 5 5 .1 4 4 .9 (1 ) (1 )

l/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly

2/ Included in designated industry group are industries with those indicated by the rounded figures shown,

combined as follows:

Other chemical products — agricultural chemicals.

Other services--medical and dental laboratories,

engineering and architectural services.

55

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962

In d u stry

T ech n icia n s,

a l l

s p e c i a l t i e s

Draftsm en

E n g in eerin g

and p h y s ic a l

sc ie n c e

te c h n ic ia n s

M edicals

a g r ic u ltu r a l,

and

b i o l o g i c a l

te c h n ic ia n s

U n c la s s if ie d

te c h n ic ia n s

Number

A l l i n d u s t r i e s ..................... . ................................... ... 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 2 1 2 ,6 0 0 2 5 4 ,6 0 0 1 6 ,9 0 0 1 0 0 ,9 0 0

M a n u fa c tu rin g ............................................................ ............................................................................ 3 7 9 ,5 0 0 1 2 6 ,2 0 0 1 8 5 ,5 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 5 6 ,3 0 0

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s .................................................................................................. 1 4 ,1 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 8 ,3 0 0 100 1 ,2 0 0

Food a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ 1 3 ,9 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 4 ,6 0 0 4 ,3 0 0

T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ......................................................................................................... 3 ,7 0 0 200 2 ,7 0 0 ( 1 ) 800

Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts ,e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................ 1 ,9 0 0 900 900 ( 1 ) 100

P a p er and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ 5 ,7 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 ( 1 ) 1 ,7 0 0

C hem icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts ......................................................... .......................... 4 3 ,4 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 2 5 ,9 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 8 ,8 0 0

I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s ......................................................................................................... 2 0 ,8 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 1 4 ,8 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 2 ,2 0 0

P la s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , excep t g l a s s .............................. ....................... 5 ,4 0 0 400 3 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 1 ,9 0 0

D r u g s ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 ,4 0 0 200 1 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 1 ,0 0 0

A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m i c a l s ................................................................................................... 1 ,0 0 0 ( 1 ) 100 100 800

Other ch em ical p r o d u c t s . .................. .......................................................................... 1 0 ,8 0 0 700 6 ,9 0 0 200 3 ,0 0 0

P e t r o le u m r e f i n i n g ..................................................................................................................... 9 ,4 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 100 1 ,2 0 0

Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c ts .............................. ... .... 4 ,7 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 800

S t o n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s .............................................................................. 4 ,7 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 600

Primary m eta l i n d u s t r i e s . . ............... ................... ....................................................... 1 8 ,9 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,7 0 0 200 3 ,3 0 0

B la s t fu rn a ce and b a s ic s t e e l p r o d u c ts ................................................... 1 2 ,2 0 0 3 ,3 0 0 6 ,3 0 0 100 2 ,5 0 0

Other prim ary m etal i n d u s t r i e s . ............................................. .. 6 ,7 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 4 ,4 0 0 100 800

F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 6 ,5 0 0 100 3 ,0 0 0

M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ....................................................................................... 6 3 ,4 0 0 3 2 ,9 0 0 2 3 ,2 0 0 200 7 ,1 0 0

E n g i n e s and t u r b i n e s ......................................................................................................... 3 ,7 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 (1 ) 200

O f f i c e , co m p u tin g, and a c cou n tin g m a ch in es .......................................... 1 1 ,2 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 6 ,8 0 0 (1 ) 1 ,8 0 0

Farm m a c h i n e r y and e q u i p m e n t ................................................................................. 6 ,0 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 ( 1 ) 800

O t h e r m a c h i n e r y ........................................................................................................................... 4 2 ,5 0 0 2 5 ,5 0 0 1 2 ,5 0 0 100 4 ,3 0 0

E l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and s u p p l i e s ........................................................................ 8 4 ,9 0 0 2 6 ,2 0 0 4 6 ,5 0 0 200 1 1 ,9 0 0

E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment and in d u s t r i a l app aratu s 2 0 ,5 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 100 1 ,8 0 0

H o u s e h o ld a p p l i a n c e s ......................................................................................................... 2 ,7 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 ( 1 ) 500

Communication equ ip m en t .............................. ................................................................ 3 4 ,0 0 0 8 ,6 0 0 2 0 ,3 0 0 ( 1 ) 5 ,1 0 0

E l e c t r i c li g h t i n g and w irin g equipm ent ................................................... 2 ,4 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 900 ( 1 ) 300

E le c t r o n ic components and a c c e s s o r i e s ...................................................... 1 4 ,2 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 8 ,7 0 0 ( 1 ) 2 ,8 0 0

Radio and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e iv in g s e t s ............................................................ 7 ,1 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 (1 ) 800

M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and s u p p l i e s ......................... 4 ,1 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 (1 ) 700

See footnote at end of table.

56

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A -23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962—Continued

In d u stry

T ech n ician s,

a l l

s p e c i a l t i e s

Draftsm en

E n g in e e rin g

and p h y s ic a l

sc ie n c e

te c h n ic ia n s

M ed ical,

a g r ic u lt u r a l

and

b i o l o g i c a l

te c h n ic ia n s

U n c la s s if ie d

te c h n ic ia n s

Number

T ra n sp o rta tio n e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . ........................... ................. ............................... 5 7 ,8 0 0 2 0 ,6 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 400 6 ,9 0 0

Motor v e h ic le s and equ ipm en t .......................................... .................................. 1 5 ,9 0 0 7 ,4 0 0 5 ,8 0 0 200 2 ,5 0 0

A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ................................. .......................................................................... 3 6 ,3 0 0 9 ,5 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 200 3 ,5 0 0

O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ......................................................... 5 ,6 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 900

I n s t r u m e n t s and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s .................................................................. 2 1 ,3 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 300 3 ,7 0 0

E n g in e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c in s tr u m e n ts ................................................ 8 ,4 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 4 ,8 0 0 (1 ) 1 ,0 0 0

Other in stru m en ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c ts ........................... .................... 1 2 ,9 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 5 ,8 0 0 300 2 ,6 0 0

Other m an u factu rin g i n d u s t r i e s ................................................... ................ ... 7 ,2 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 100 1 ,0 0 0

N onm anufacturing .................................... ......................................................................... 2 0 5 ,5 0 0 8 6 ,4 0 0 6 9 ,1 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 4 4 ,5 0 0

M in in g . ........................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 0 ,1 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 6 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 1 ,0 0 0

Crude p etroleum and n a tu ra l g a s ............................................................ ... 7 ,1 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 4 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 300

M e t a l m i n i n g . . . . . ............................................................................................................. 1 ,1 0 0 200 700 (1 ) 200

C oal m in in g . ............ ................................................................................................................ 1 ,2 0 0 300 500 (1 ) 400

Q u a r r y i n g and n o n m e t a l l i c m i n i n g ........................................................ ... 7 0 0 300 300 (1 ) 100

C o n tra ct c o n s t r u c t i o n . .......................................................................... ......................... 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 (1 ) 5 ,6 0 0

T ra n sp o rta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ............................................................... 4 4 ,3 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 2 2 ,4 0 0 100 1 2 ,7 0 0

R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t io n ............... ............................. ............................................... 3 ,7 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 600

O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n * . ................................................................................................ 3 ,0 0 0 700 500 (1 ) 1 ,8 0 0

C o m m u n i c a t i o n ............................................................................. ............................................ 2 1 ,2 0 0 600 1 2 ,8 0 0 ( 1 ) 7 ,8 0 0

E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita r y s e r v i c e s ...................................................... 1 6 ,4 0 0 6 ,4 0 0 7 ,5 0 0 100 2 ,4 0 0

W h o l e s a l e and r e t a i l t r a d e ........................................................................................ 1 8 ,9 0 0 4 ,4 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 (1 ) 9 ,4 0 0

F in a n c e , in su ran ce, and r e a l e s t a t e ........................ ....................... ................ 2 ,1 0 0 100 600 100 1 ,3 0 0

S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................................................................... 1 0 3 ,8 0 0 5 4 ,9 0 0 3 0 ,9 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 1 4 ,1 0 0

Commercial la b o r a t o r i e s ; b u sin e ss and management

c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ................................................................................................... 3 6 ,1 0 0 1 2 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,9 0 0 900 6 ,6 0 0

M ed ica l and d e n ta l l a b o r a t o r i e s . . . . . ............... ...................................... 4 ,1 0 0 ( 1 ) . (1 ) 2 ,9 0 0 1 ,2 0 0

E n g in e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s ................................................ 6 0 ,0 0 0 4 2 ,2 0 0 1 4 ,7 0 0 100 3 ,0 0 0

O t h e r s e r v i c e s ................................................................................ 3 ,5 0 0 100 300 (1 ) 3 ,2 0 0

A g r i c u l t u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s ........................ 1 ,7 0 0 (1 ) (1 ) 1 ,2 0 0 500

1 / Less than 50 c a s e s .

NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded

figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

57

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A * 2 4 . P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e c h n i c i a n s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Industry

Technicians,

a ll

specialties

Draftsmen

Engineering

and physical

science

technicians

Medical,

agricultural,

and

biological

technicians

Unclassified

technicians

Percent distribution^

All industries ............. . .............. . ............................................... 1 00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Manufacturing. •••••••••••••••••••................................................................. 6 4.9 59.4 72.9 67.4 55.9

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s * . * . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . * . , * . . . 2.4 2.1 3.2 . 6 1.2

Food and kindred p rodu cts.................................................................. .... 2 . 4 .5 1.5 26.9 4.2

Textile m ill p r o d u c t s ....... ....................... ••••••••............................. • 6 • 1 1.1 (1) . 8

Lumber and wood products, except f u r n i t u r e . . . . . . .................. . 3 . 4 . 3 (1) .1

Paper and a llie d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .. 1 .0 .7 1.0 (1) 1.7

Chemicals and a l l i e d products.................................................................... 7 . 4 1.6 10.2 30.8 8.7

Industrial chemicals......................................... •••••................... ••••• 3 .6 1.0 5.8 10.2 2.2

P la s t i c s and s y n t h e tic s , except g l a s s . .......................................... .9 •2 1.2 (1) 1.8

D r u g s ..... ............................................................................. ............................... .. . 9 .1 . 4 19.0 1.0

Agricultural chemicals............. ••*••................................................ .. .2 (1) (2) . 5 . 8

Other chemical products...........•••••................... .. 1 .8 .3 2.7 .9 3.0

Petroleum r e f i n i n g . ................••••••••••••••...................................... 1 .6 1.1 2.3 . 4 1.2

Rubber and miscellaneous p la s tic s produ cts................................... . 8 . 6 1.0 (1) . 8

Stone, c l a y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s . . . . . ..................................................... . 8 .5 1.2 (1) .6

Primary metal in d u stries................................................................................. 3 .2 2.2 4.2 1.2 3.3

B la st furnace and b a sic s t e e l products. •• • ............................. 2 .1 1.5 2.5 . 4 2.5

Other primary metal I n d u s t r i e s * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... 1.1 .7 1.7 . 8 . 8

Fabricated metal p ro d u c ts.• .............•••••••................. 4 .2 7.1 2.6 . 3 2.9

Machinery, except e l e c t r i c a l . ••••........................................................... 1 0.8 15.5 9.1 *9 7.1

Engines and tu r b in e s....................................................................... . 6 1.0 .5 (1) .2

O f f i c e , computing, and accounting m a c h i n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.2 2.7 (1) 1.8

Farm machinery and equipment.••••••«••••••»••••••••••••• 1.0 1.2 1.0 (1) . 8

Other machinery.................................................................................................. 7 .3 12.0 4.9 . 8 4.3

E le c t r ic a l equipment and su p p lie s .................. •••••............................. 1 4.5 12.3 18.3 1.1 11.8

E le ctric d istrib u tion equipment and ind ustrial apparatus 3.5 4.3 3.7 . 8 1.8

Household appliances.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . 5 . 6 . 4 (1) .5

Communication equipment.•«•••••«••••••.......................................... 5 .8 4 .0 8.0 (1) 5.0

E le ctric ligh tin g and wiring equipment........................................ . 4 . 6 . 3 (1) . 3

E le ctro n ic components and a c c e s s o r i e s .•••••••............. ••••• 2 . 4 1.3 3.4 (1) 2.7

Radio and t e l e v i s i o n receiv in g s e t s . . . . ......................................... 1.2 1.1 1.6 (1) . 8

M iscellaneous e le c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s .••••••••

See footnotes at end o f ta b le .

.7 . 5 .9 (1) .7

5 8

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 4 . P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e c h n i c i a n s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p a n d i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 — C o n t i n u e d

Industry

Technicians,

a l l

s p e c ia ltie s

Draftsmen

Engineering

and p h ysical

scien ce

tech n ician s

M ed ical,

a g r ic u ltu r a l,

and

b io lo g ic a l

tech n ician s

U n c la ssifie d

tech n ician s

Peroent d is tr ib u tio n

T ransportation equipm ent................................................................................. 9 .9 9 .7 1 1 .8 2 .5 6 .8

Motor v e h ic le s and equipment.................................................................... 2 .7 3 .5 2 .3 1 .1 2 .4

A ir c r a ft and p a r t s .•••••••••.................................................................... 6 .2 4 .5 9 .0 1 .3 3 .5

Other tra n sp o rta tio n equipment............................................................... 1 .0 1 .7 .4 (1 ) .9

Instrum ents and re la te d products............................................................... 3 .6 3 .2 4 .2 1 .7 3 .6

Engineering and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ................................. .. 1 .4 1 .2 1 .9 (1 ) 1 .0

Other instrum ents and r e la te d p ro d u c ts......................................... 2 .2 2 .0 2 .3 1 .7 2 .6

Other manufacturing in d u s tr ie s ................................................................... 1 .2 1 .7 .9 .5 1 .0

Nonmanufacturing. .......................................................................... ............................ 3 5 .1 4 0 .6 2 7 .1 3 2 .6 4 4 .1

M i n i n g .. ................ .................................................................................... •••••• 1 .7 1 .4 2 .4 (1 ) 1 .0

Crude petroleum and n atural gas.................. ......................................... 1 .2 1 .0 1 .8 ( l ) • 3

M etal m i n i n g . . . . . . ............................................................................................ .2 .1 • 3 (1 ) .2

Coal m i n i n g * . . . . . . ............................................................................................. .2 .1 .2 (1 ) .4

Quarrying and non m etallic m ining.......................................................... • 1 • 1 .1 (1 ) .1

C ontract c o n s tr u c tio n ............................................................................ ••••• 4 .2 7 .1 1 .5 (1 ) 5 .6

T ran sp ortation and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . .................................................... 7 .6 4 .3 8 .8 •8 1 2 .6

Rai lroad tran sp ort at io n................................................................................ •6 .7 .6 (1 ) .6

Other tr a n sp o rta tio n ........................................................................................ .5 .3 .2 (1 ) 1 .7

Communication. ......................... ............................... ......................................... .. 3 .6 .3 5 .0 (1 ) 7 .8

E le c t r ic , g a s , and sa n ita ry s e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .. 2 .8 3 .0 3 .0 .5 2 .4

W holesale and r e t a i l tra d e...................................••••••••...................... 3 .2 2 .1 2 .0 (1 ) 9 .3

Finance, insurance, and r e a l e s t a t e ..................................................... .4 (2 ) .2 .8 1 .2

S e r v i c e s .. .................................................................................................................. 1 7 .7 2 5 .8 12.1 2 3 .2 1 4 .0

Commercial la b o r a to r ie s ; b u sin ess and management

co n su ltin g s e r v ic e s ...................................................................................... 6 .2 5 .9 6 .3 5 .5 6 .6

M edical and d ental la b o r a to r ie s ............. ......................................... .. .7 (1 ) (1 ) 17.2 1 .2

Engineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s ........................................... 1 0 .3 1 9 .8 5 .8 .5 3 .0

Other s e r v i c e s . . . . ............................................................................................. .6 (2) .1 (1) 3.2

A g ric u ltu ra l s e r v ic e s , fo r e s tr y , and f i s h e r i e s . . . . •••••••• .3 (1) (1) 7 .4

i

.5

l ! Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed.

I f Less than .05 percent.

NOTE•••Percents nave been calculated on the basis of unrounded

figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated

by the rounded figures shown.

5 9

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b le A - 2 5 . T e c h n i c i a n s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p and s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

S i z e o f e s t a b li s h m e n t

T e c h n i c i a n s ,

a l l

s p e c i a l t i e s

D r a fts m e n

E n g i n e e r i n g

and p h y s i c a l

s c i e n c e

t e c h n i c i a n s

M e d i c a l ,

a g r i c u l t u r a l ,

and

b i o l o g i c a l

t e c h n i c i a n s

U n c l a s s i f i e d

t e c h n i c i a n s

Num ber

T o t a l ...................................................................................................... 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 2 1 2 , 6 0 0 2 5 4 , 6 0 0 1 6 ,9 0 0 1 0 0 ,9 0 0

U n d er

1 0 0 -

5 0 0 -

1 , 0 0 0

1 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ................................................................................................

4 9 9 e m p lo y e e s ................................................................................................

9 9 9 e m p lo y e e s ................................................................................................

e m p lo y e e s o r m o r e ....................................................................................

1 5 0 ,0 0 0

1 1 5 ,2 0 0

6 1 ,5 0 0

2 5 8 ,5 0 0

7 1 , 2 0 0

4 4 , 9 0 0

2 0 , 8 0 0

7 5 ,8 0 0

4 2 , 5 0 0

4 5 , 0 0 0

2 5 , 4 0 0

1 4 1 ,7 0 0

7 . 4 0 0

3 . 4 0 0

8 0 0

5 , 3 0 0

2 8 , 8 0 0

2 1 , 9 0 0

1 4 ,5 0 0

3 5 , 7 0 0

N O T E .- -T o t a l s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on t h e b a s i s o f

u n r o u n d e d F i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y

w i t h t h o s e i n d i c a t e d b y t h e ro u n d e d f i g u r e s sh o w n .

60 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 6 . P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e c h n i c i a n s , b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p a n d s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

S i z e o f e s t a o l i s h m e n t

T e c h n i c i a n s ,

a l l

s p e c i a l t i e s

D r a f tsm en

E n g in e e r in g

and p h y s i c a l

s c i e n c e

t e c h n i c i a n s

M e d i c a l , •

a g r i c u l t u r a l ,!

and |

b i o l o g i c a l

t e c h n i c i a n s

U n c l a s s i f i e d

t e c h n i c i a n s

P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n

T o t a l .......................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 .0

U n d er 1 0 0 e m p lo y e e s .................................................................................... 2 5 . 6 3 3 . 5 1 6 .7 4 4 . 0 2 8 . 6

1 0 0 - 4 9 9 e m p lo y e e s .................................................................................... 1 9 .7 2 1 . 1 1 7 .7 2 0 . 1 2 1 . 7

5 0 0 - 9 9 9 e m p lo y e e s .................................................................................... 1 0 .5 9 . 8 1 0 . 0 4 . 5 1 4 . 4

1 , 0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s o r m o r e ........................................................................ 4 4 . 2 3 5 . 6 5 5 . 6 3 1 . 4 3 5 . 3

N O T E .--P e r c e n t s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on th e

b a s i s o f u n r o u n d e d f i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e may n o t

c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w it h t h o s e i n d i c a t e d b y th e

ro u n d e d f i g u r e s sh o w n .

6 1

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 7 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , t e c h n i c i a n s , a n d r a t i o o f t e c h n i c i a n s t o s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s ,

b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

I n d u s t r y

A l l

s c i e n t i s t s

and

e n g i n e e r s

A l l t e c h n i c i a n s

A v e r a g e num ber o f

t e c h n i c i a n s p e r

1 0 0 s c i e n t i s t s

and e n g i n e e r s

A l l i n d u s t r i e s . . ................................................ ......................... 8 5 1 ,6 0 0 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 6 8 . 7

M a n u f a c t u r i n g .................................................................................... ....................... .......................... ... 6 1 3 ,6 0 0 3 7 9 ,5 0 0 6 1 .9

O rd n a n ce and a c c e s s o r i e s ........................... .................................................................... 3 9 , 5 0 0 1 4 ,1 0 0 3 5 . 6

F ood an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ 2 2 ,2 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 6 2 .5

T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ............................................................ ................ ............................. 7 , 0 0 0 3 , 7 0 0 5 3 .3

Lumber an d w ood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ....................................... .. 1 , 6 0 0 1 , 9 0 0 1 1 4 .4

P ap er an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................... ... 1 1 ,7 0 0 5 , 7 0 0 4 8 . 8

C h e m ic a ls and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . ......... ....................................................................... 9 5 , 5 0 0 4 3 ,4 0 0 4 5 . 5

I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s . ..................................................................... ............................... 4 5 , 9 0 0 2 0 ,8 0 0 4 5 . 3

P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ............................................ .. 8 , 2 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 6 6 . 0

D r u g s .................................................. ................................................................................................. 2 1 ,6 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 2 5 . 2

A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m i c a l s ...................................................... ................................ ... 2 , 2 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 4 4 . 5

O th e r c h e m ic a l p r o d u c t s ............................................................... ................................ 1 7 , 6 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 6 1 .3

P e tr o le u m r e f i n i n g . . ............................................................................................................ 2 0 ,9 0 0 9 , 4 0 0 4 4 . 7

R u b b er and m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t .s ............................................. 7 , 7 0 0 4 , 7 0 0 6 1 .4

S t o n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s . ............... ........................................................... 9 , 1 0 0 4 , 7 0 0 5 2 . 2

P rim a ry m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................................... 3 2 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 5 9 . 0

B l a s t f u r n a c e and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s ................................................... 2 0 ,2 0 0 1 2 ,2 0 0 6 0 .3

O th e r p r im a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................. .. 1 1 ,8 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 5 6 . 7

F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ............................................. .................................. ... 2 5 ,1 0 0 2 4 ,6 0 0 9 8 . 0

M a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ....................................................................................... 6 9 ,2 0 0 6 3 ,4 0 0 9 1 . 6

E n g in e s and t u r b i n e s ......................................................................................................... 3 , 9 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 9 5 . 6

O f f i c e , c o m p u t in g , an d a c c o u n t i n g m a c h in e s ............................•••• 1 4 ,4 0 0 1 1 ,2 0 0 7 7 . 8

Farm m a c h in e r y and e q u ip m e n t ................................................................................. 7 , 4 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 8 1 . 3

O th e r m a c h in e r y ........................................................................................................................ 4 3 , 6 0 0 * 4 2 ,5 0 0 9 7 . 6

E l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and s u p p l i e s ........................................................................ 1 2 3 ,2 0 0 8 4 ,9 0 0 6 8 .9

E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n e q u ip m e n t an d i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s 2 5 ,3 0 0 2 0 ,5 0 0 8 0 . 9

H o u s e h o ld a p p l i a n c e s ..................... .. • • • ........................... ........................................ 3 , 7 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 7 2 .8

C o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t.................................................................... .......................... 5 5 ,4 0 0 3 4 ,0 0 0 6 1 .3

E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g an d w i r i n g e q u ip m e n t ................................................... 4 , 2 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 5 6 . 7

E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n ts and a c c e s s o r i e s ................................................ .. 1 8 ,7 0 0 1 4 ,2 0 0 7 6 . 1

R a d io and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ............................................................ 1 0 ,8 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 6 5 . 8

M i s c e ll a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and s u p p l i e s ........................ 5 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 7 9 . 6

6 2

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 7 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , t e c h n i c i a n s , a n d r a t i o o f t e c h n i c i a n s t o s c i e n t i s t s , a n d e n g i n e e r s ,

b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 - - C o n t i n u e d

I n d u s t r y

A l l

s c i e n t i s t s

and

e n g i n e e r s

A l l t e c h n i c i a n s

A v e r a g e num ber o f

t e c h n i c i a n s p e r

1 0 0 s c i e n t i s t s

and e n g i n e e r s

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ..................................................................... 1 1 0 ,4 0 0 5 7 ,8 0 0 5 2 . 4

M o to r v e h i c l e s and e q u ip m e n t ................................................................................ 2 2 ,2 0 0 1 5 ,9 0 0 7 1 .3

A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ...................................................................................... 8 3 ,0 0 0 3 6 ,3 0 0 4 3 . 8

O th e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ............................................................. 5 ,1 0 0 5 ,6 0 0 1 0 9 .9

I n s t r u m e n t s and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s .................................... ...................................... 3 0 ,2 0 0 2 1 ,3 0 0 7 0 .5

E n g i n e e r i n g and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ................................................... 1 1 , 5 0 0 8 ,4 0 0 7 2 .9

O t h e r i n s t r u m e n t s and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ................................................... 1 8 ,8 0 0 1 2 ,9 0 0 6 9 . 0

O th e r m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................. 8 , 3 0 0 7 ,2 0 0 8 6 .3

N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g .............................................................................................................................. 2 3 8 ,0 0 0 2 0 5 ,5 0 0 8 6 . 4

M i n i n g . ........................ ........................................................................................................................ ... 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,1 0 0 4 1 . 2

C ru de p e t r o le u m and n a t u r a l g a s ............................................. .......................... 1 6 ,4 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 4 3 . 4

M e t a l m i n i n g . ............... ................. ........................................... ........................................... 3 , 4 0 0 1 , 1 0 0 3 4 . 2

C o a l m i n i n g . ............... .................... ............................................................................................ 3 , 1 0 0 1 , 2 0 0 3 9 . 4

Q u a r r y in g and n o n m e t a l l i c m in in g ............................................................... .. 1 , 8 0 0 7 0 0 3 7 . 4

C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . ............................................................ ............................................ 4 1 ,0 0 0 2 4 ,6 0 0 5 9 .9

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n an d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . ............................................................... 4 9 ,2 0 0 4 4 , 3 0 0 9 0 . 0

R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . ................................. ................... ..................................... 5 , 3 0 0 3 , 7 0 0 6 9 .8

O th e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ........................................................................... ............................ 4 , 2 0 0 3 , 0 0 0 7 1 .1

C o m m u n ic a tio n .................................................................... ........................................................ 1 3 ,7 0 0 2 1 ,2 0 0 1 5 4 . 2

E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s ........................................................ 2 6 ,0 0 0 1 6 , 4 0 0 6 3 . 2

W h o le s a le and r e t a i l t r a d e ............................................................................................ 3 1 ,2 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 6 0 . 5

F i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e ,a n d r e a l e s t a t e . . ............................................................... 4 ,5 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 4 7 . 4

S e r v i c e s ................................................................................................................................................... 8 6 ,5 0 0 1 0 3 ,8 0 0 1 2 0 . 0

C o m m e rc ia l l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s i n e s s and m anagem ent

c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ..................................................................................................... 3 4 ,1 0 0 3 6 ,1 0 0 1 0 5 .9

M e d ic a l and d e n t a l l a b o r a t o r i e s ..................... ................................................. 7 0 0 4 , 1 0 0 5 8 0 .3

E n g in e e r in g an d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . . . . . .................................... 4 9 ,8 0 0 6 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 0 .4

O th e r s e r v i c e s ...................................................... .................................................................... 1 ,8 0 0 3 , 5 0 0 1 9 1 .9

A g r i c u l t u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s .................................... 1 ,0 0 0 1 , 7 0 0 1 8 1 .3

N O T E .- -T o t a l s and p e r c e n t s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on t h e

b a s i s o f u n r o u n d e d f i g u r e s a n d t h e r e f o r e m a y n o t c o r r e s p o n d

e x a c t l y w i t h t h o s e i n d i c a t e d b y t h e r o u n d e d f i g u r e s s h o w n .

- 6 3 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 8 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , a n d t e c h n i c i a n s , p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d

r a t i o o f R & D t e c h n i c i a n s t o R & D s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Industry

Number p rim a rily engaged in research and development

S c ie n tis ts and

engineers V Technicians

R&D tech n ician s per

100 R&D s c ie n t i s t s

and en gin eers

A ll in d u s t r ie s ................................. ....................................................... 3 03 ,8 00 1 51 ,0 00 4 9 .7

M anufacturing. ••••••••••••................................................................................ .......................... .. 2 6 5 ,9 0 0 1 27 ,0 00 4 7 .8

Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ....................................................................................... ..................... 1 9 ,8 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 2 2 .6

Food and kindred p ro d u c ts.•••••••.•••.............................................................................. 8 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 9 .9

T e x tile m ill p ro d u c ts..................... •••••......................................................................... .. 3 ,6 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 5 3 .1

Lumber and wood pro du cts, except fu r n it u r e ......................................... ...................... 300 (2 ) (2 )

Paper and a lli e d p r o d u c t s .................................................................................................... 2 ,7 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 4 2 .2

Chemicals and a lli e d p ro d u c ts.......................................................... ••••••••••............ 3 9 ,7 0 0 1 7 ,5 0 0 4 4 .2

In d u stria l ch em icals................••••••••••••••••......................................................... 1 7 ,4 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 4 5 .2

P la s tic s and s y n th e tic s , except g l a s s ...................................................................... 3 ,7 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 5 7 .9

D ru gs.••••••....................................................................................................................................... 8 ,6 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 3 4 .0

A g r ic u ltu r a l c h e m ic a ls.• •••••••.............................. 700 100 9 .3

Other chemical products............. .......................... ••••••.................................................... 9 ,4 0 0 4 ,6 0 0 4 8 .9

Petroleum r e fin in g ......................................................... ................................................................ 3 ,9 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 6 1 .0

Rubber and m iscellan eou s p la s tic s p r o d u c t s ....• .................... ................ .. 2 ,8 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 4 4 .6

S ton e, c la y , and g la ss produ cts...........••••••.................................. ............................... 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 5 5 .8

Primary m etal in d u s t r ie s ....................................................................................................... .. 6 ,2 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 5 7 .9

B la st furnace and b a sic s t e e l p ro d u c ts.................................................................... 3 ,9 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 4 5 .0

Other primary m etal in d u s tr ie s ................................................................................. 2 ,4 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 7 8 .6

F abricated m etal p roducts....................... ••••••••............................................ .. 6 ,2 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 5 9 .5

M achinery, except e le c t r i c a l ..................................................................................................... 2 6 ,6 0 0 1 6 ,5 0 0 6 2 .3

Engines and tu r b in e s .• ..• • • • • • ..................• • .• • • • • • • • • .................................. 1 ,5 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 6 1 .7

O f f i c e , computing, and accounting m ach in es.• • • • • • • • • ................................. 9 ,2 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 5 6 .9

Farm machinery and equipment................................................................................................ 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 5 4 .3

Other m achinery...................•••••...........................••••••••••••..••••...................... 1 2 ,8 0 0 8 ,7 0 0 6 8 .1

E le c t r ic a l equipment and s u p p lie s ............................................................................... 6 4 ,8 0 0 3 6 ,5 0 0 5 6 .4

E le c t r ic d is tr ib u tio n equipment and in d u s tr ia l a p p a ra tu s.•••••••••• 1 0,8 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 6 1 .8

Household a p p lia n ces............................................................................................................... .. 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 6 3 .6

Communication equipm ent.•••••••............................................................................... .. 3 3 ,1 0 0 1 7 ,9 0 0 5 4 .0

E le c t r ic lig h tin g and w iring equipment. ................................................................... 1 ,6 0 0 900 5 5 .2

E le c tro n ic components and a c c e s s o r ie s ...................................................................... .. 7 ,8 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 5 2 .0

Radio and t e le v is io n re c e iv in g s e t s . . . ............................................................... 7 ,8 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 5 3 .1

M iscellan eou s e le c t r ic a l equipment and s u p p l i e s . . . . ...................................... 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 9 1 .1

See footn otes at end o f ta b le .

6 4

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 8 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , a n d t e c h n i c i a n s , p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d r a t i o

o f R & D t e c h n i c i a n s t o R & D s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 — C o n t i n u e d

Indus try

Number p rim a rily engaged in research and development

S c ie n tis ts and

engineers Technicians

fe&D tech n ician s per

100 R&D s c ie n t i s t s

and engineers

T ran sp ortation eqyipment......................................................................................................... 6 0 ,3 0 0 2 2 ,9 0 0 3 8 .0

Motor v e h ic le s and equipm ent.• ....................................... ..................... . . . . ................ 8 ,9 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 7 7 .1

A ir c r a ft and p a r ts ............................................................................. ......................................... 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,3 0 0 3 0 .6

Other tra n sp o rta tio n equipm ent......................................................................................... 1 ,4 0 0 800 5 4 .2

Instrum ents and re la te d p roducts.......................................................................... . ............ 1 5 ,1 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 5 3 .2

Engineering and s c i e n t i f i c in s t r u m e n t s ....• • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ,6 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 4 7 .5

Other instrum ents and r e la te d p ro d u c ts.•••••••...................................•••••• 8 ,5 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 5 7 .6

Other m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s .............................................................................................. 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 6 9 .9

Nonmanufacturing....................................................................................................................................... 3 8 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 6 3 .0

M ining................................................ ......................................................................................................... 2 ,3 0 0 600 2 8 .4

Crude petroleum and n atu ral g a s . . .................................................................................. 1 ,4 0 0 200 1 3 .0

M etal m in in g ................................................................................................................................... 300 200 5 7 .9

Coal m ining.................. ..................................................................................................................... 200 200 103.2

Quarrying and n on m etallic m ining..................................................................................... 300 100 2 5 .0

C ontract c o n s tr u c tio n .•••••••••••••.••••••.................. ..................... ................ .. 600 100 9 .2

T ran sp ortation and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . •••••..................................... •••••••............ 2 ,4 0 0 800 3 3 .4

R ailroad tra n sp o rta tio n ....................................................................................................... .. 100 (2 ) (2 )

Other tr a n s p o r ta tio n .••••••••..................................................................................... .. 400 100 3 9 .0

Communication. .......................................................................................................................... 400 200 5 5 .0

E le c t r ic , g a s , and sa n ita ry s e r v i c e s ................................................ ................ .. 1 ,5 0 0 400 2 7 .5

W holesale and r e t a i l tr a d e ...........................................................................••••••............ 2 ,8 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 5 2 .3

Finance, insurance,and r e a l e s t a t e .•• •••••• ••••••••........................................... 400 (2 ) (2 )

S e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . •••••••• •••••••••••............................................................................... 2 9 ,5 0 0 2 1 ,0 0 0 7 1 .0

Commercial la b o r a to r ie s ; business and management co n su ltin g

se rv ic e s .................................................................................................... ................ ................ .. 2 0 ,2 0 0 1 4 ,1 0 0 6 9 .8

M edical and den tal la b o r a to r ie s ............... ••••••............................................ .. 100 100 5 9 .4

Engineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s ••••••....................................................... 9 ,2 0 0 6 ,8 0 0 7 3 .8

Other s e r v ic e s ................................................................................. ........................................ (2 ) (2 ) (2 )

A g r ic u ltu r a l s e r v ic e s , fo re str y ,a n d f i s h e r i e s ......................................................... (2 ) (2 ) (2 )

1J Conducting or adm inistering research and development.

2 / Less than 50 cases.

N O T E . — T o t a l s a n d p e r c e n t s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f u n r o u n d e d

f i g u r e s a n d t h e r e f o r e m a y n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w i t h t h o s e i n d i c a t e d b y t h e

r o u n d e d f i g u r e s s h o w n .

6 5

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 9 . T e c h n i c i a n s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Industry

All R&D technicians

technicians

Number

Percent of

all

technicians

All industries........................ 585,100 151,000 25.8

Manufacturing.................................................. 379,500 127,000 33.5

Ordnance and accessories.................................... 14,100 4,500 31.9

Food and kindred products.......................... ........ 13,900 3,200 23.0

Textile mill products. ............... ;....................... 3,700 1,900 51.2

Lumber and wood products, except furniture................ 1,900 (1) (1)

Paper and allied products................................... 5,700 1,100 20.1

Chemicals and allied products.............................. 43,400 17,500 40.4

Industrial chemicals....................................... 20,800 7,800 37.8

Plastics and synthetics, except glass.................... 5,400 2,100 39.0

Drugs....................................................... 5,400 2,900 53.3

Agricultural chemicals.................................... 1,000 100 6.7

Other chemical products................................... 10,800 4,600 42.6

Petroleum refining,........................ ................. 9,400 2,400 25.6

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products................ 4,700 1,300 26.8

Stone, clay, and glass products.............................. 4,700 1,700 34.8

Primary metal industries.................................... 18,900 3,600 19.2

Blast furnace and basic steel products................... 12,200 1,700 14.2

Other primary metal industries........................... 6,700 1 j 900 28.1

Fabricated metal products................................... 24,600 3,700 15.0

Machinery, except electrical................................ 63,400 16,500 26.1

Engines and turbines...... .......... . 3,700 1,000 25.6

Office, computing and accounting machines............... 11,200 5,200 46.6

Farm machinery and equipment.............................. 6,000 1,600 26.9

Other machinery........................................... 42,500 8,700 20.6

Electrical equipment and supplies.......................... 84,900 36,500 43.1

Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus 20,500 6,700 32.5

Household appliances...... ............................... 2,700 1,100 42.5

Communication equipment................................... 34,000 17,900 52.6

Electric lighting and wiring equipment................... 2,400 900 37.6

Electronic components and accessories.................... 14,200 4,100 28.6

Radio and television receiving sets...................... 7,100 4,100 57.9

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies......... 4,100 1,800 44.6

See footnote at end of table.

6 6 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 2 9 * T e c h n i c i a n s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 — C o n t i n u e d

All

R&D technicians

Industry technicians

Number

Percent of

all

technicians

Transportation equipment................................... 57,800 22*900 39.6

Motor vehicles and equipment............. ............... 15,900 6,900 43.4

Aircraft and parts............. .......................... 36,300 15,300 42.1

Other transportation equipment.......................... 5,600 800 13.3

Instruments and related products................. ...... . 21,300 8,000 37.6

Engineering and scientific instruments......... ..... . 8,400 3,100 37.3

Other instruments and related products..... ........... 12,900 4,900 37.8

Other manufacturing industries............................. 7,200 2,100 29.5

Nonmanufacturing.............. ............................... 205,500 23,900 11.6

Mining........... .................... ...................... 10,100 600 6.4

Crude petroleum and natural gas......................... 7,100 200 2.o

Metal mining.............................................. 1,100 200 16.0

Coal mining............................................... 1,200 200 15.8

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining........................ 700 100 12.4

Contract construction............... .......... ....... . 24,600 100 .2

Transportation and public utilities........................ 44,300 800 1.8

Railroad transportation................................... 3,700 (1) (1)

Other transportation......................... . 3,000 100 4.6

Communication. ................. ......... .......... ....... 21,200 200 1.0

Electric, gas, and sanitary services...... ...... . 16,400 400 2.5

Wholesale and retail trade........................... ...... 18,900 1,400 7.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate..... ................... 2,100 (1) (1)

Services.......... ........................................... 103,800 21,000 20.2

Commercial laboratories; business and management

consulting services..................................... 36,100 14,100 39.0

Medical and dental laboratories.......................... 4,100 100 1.4

Engineering and architectural services............ ...... 60,000 6,800 11.3

Other services........... ................... .............. 3,500 (1) (1)

Agricultural services, forestry and fisheries............. 1,700 (1) (1)

1/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed.

NOTE.--Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis

of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with

those indicated by the rounded figures shown.

6 7

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 3 0 * T e c h n i c i a n s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t , b y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2

Size of establishment A ll

technicians

R&D technicians

Number Percent of

all technicians

Total***........................................ 585,100 151,000 25.8

Under 100 employees......................... *.................... 150,000 16,100 10.7

100-499 employees*•••••••......... *.........*..... *.............. * 115,200 28,100 24*4

500-999 employees*••••••••..... ••••••••••..... *.........•••••••••••• 61,500 16,600 27.0

1,000 employees or more*******.***.*****....................... . 258,500 90,200 34*9

NOTE*— Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those

indicated by the rounded figures shown*

6 8

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e A - 3 1 . S c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , b y i n d u s t r y , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 , a n d p e r c e n t c h a n g e f r o m J a n u a r y 1 9 6 1

Industry

A ll in d u stries*....................................... ..

Manufacturing*....................................... ............ *.............

Ordnance and a cce sso rie s ...................................

Food and kindred products*******......................

T ex tile m ill p rodu cts*.**...................................

Lumber and wood products, except fu rn itu re*.

Paper and a llie d products........................................

Chemicals and a llie d products*.............................

In dustrial chem icals..............................................

P la stics and syn th etics, except gla ss*••••

Drugs........... *.............................................................. ..

A gricu ltu ral chem icals*......... *............................

Other chemical p ro d u cts* * * ..•••••••••••••*

Petroleum re fin in g * *...................................•••••••

Rubber and m iscellaneous p la s tic s products*•

Stone, c la y , and glass products**......... ............

Primary metal in d u stries ................*.....................

Blast furnace and b asic ste e l products*••• 

Other primary metal in d u stries*......................

Fabricated metal products* .....................................

Machinery, except e le c t r ic a l............................ ..

Engines and tu rbin es*••••....................... . . . . * *

O ffic e , computing, and accounting machines

Farm machinery and equipment*...........................

Other machinery....................................................... *

E le ctrica l equipment and su p plies*•••••••••*

E le ctric d istrib u tio n equipment and

in d u strial apparatus..........................................

Household appliances*...........................................*

Communication equipment*•••••••••••••.••••

E le ctric ligh tin g and wiring equipment****

E lectron ic components and a cce sso rie s .........

Radio and te le v is io n receivin g sets******* 

M iscellaneous e le c t r ic a l equipment and 

su p p lies .................................................................. *

Number of

scientists

and engineers, 

January

1962

Percent

change

from

January

1961 1/

Industry

Number of

scientists

and engineers,

January

1962

Percent

change

from

January

1961 1 /

851,600 4*0 Transportation equipment*•••••••••••••*••• 110,400 6.6

613,600 4.8 Motor vehicles and equipment*****..... 22,200 2.9

Aircraft and parts.**.......*..........* 83,000 8.1

39,500 6*9 Other transportation equipment........ 5,100 -.3

22,200 5.2

7,000 -5.0 Instruments and related products*••••••••• 30,200 5.6

1,600 1.5

11,700 3.0 Engineering and scientific instruments** 11,500 3.6

95,500 2.6 Other instruments and related products*• 18,800 7.2

45,900 -.2 Other manufacturing industries*....... . 8,300 6.7

8,200 2*4

21,600 5.1 Nonmanufacturing*....... ..........••••••• 238,000 2.0

2,200 3.5

17,600 7.4 Mining* ........*............ ••••*•••••* 24,600 4.4

20,900 -1.3 Crude petroleum and natural gas.*••••••• 16,400 7.0

7,700 2*9 Metal mining....... ................. 3,400 -2.4

9,100 2.2 Coal mining*••••••............... ...* 3,100 -3.8

32,000 1.5 Quarrying and nonmetallic mining........ 1,800 11.2

20,200 2.0 Contract construction*•••••••••••••.•••*•• 41,000 -.3

11,800 .8 Transportation and public utilities...... 49,200 3.6

25,100 8.4 Railroad transportation............••• 5,300 -.3

69,200 4.6 Other transportation................. 4,200 13.1

Communication.* *....... ........... . 13,700 1.6

3,900 -.7 Electric, gas, and sanitary services.*** 26,000 4.2

14,400 4.1

7,400 2.7 Wholesale and retail trade*•••••••••..... 31,200 -1.0

43,600 5.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate*•••••• 4,500 10*6

Services.............................. 86,500 2.2

123,200 6.3

Commercial laboratories; business and

management consulting services...... 34,100 6.1

25,300 1.9 Medical and dental laboratories*•••••••• 700 -1.1

3,700 7.9 Engineering and architectural services*• 49,800 -2.2

55,400 10.0 Other services*•••••••................ 1,800 109.5

4,200 7.4

18,700 5.5 Agricultural services, forestry, and

10,800 -.7 fisheries........................... 1,000 21.5

5,100 8.4

1/ Increase, unless otherwise noted*

NOTE.— Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis of

unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those

indicated by the rounded figures shown*

69

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table A-32. Technicians, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from January 1961

Number of Percent Number of Percent

techni- change techni­ change

Industry cians, from Industry cians* from

January January January January

1962 1961 1 / 1962 1961 1 /

All industries................. 585,100 2.9 Transportation equipment.......... 57,800 1.1

Manufacturing....................... . 379,500 4.5 Motor vehicles and equipment...• 15,900 2.7

Ordnance and accessories............. .

Food and kindred products.............

14,100

13,900

8.0

5.0

Aircraft and parts..............

Other transportation equipment.•

36,300

5,600

1.3

-4.4

Textile mill products.................

Lumber and wood products, except

3,700 9.3 Instruments and related products.• 21,300 2.6

furniture...................... ......

Paper and allied products.............

Chemicals and allied products.........

1,900

5,700

-1.4

5.1 Engineering and scientific

instruments................... 8,400 1.5 43,400 9.0 Other instruments and related

Industrial chemicals................ 20,800 1.9 products............... ....... 12,900 3.3

Plastics and synthetics, except glass 5,400 22.0

Drugs.... ......... .................. 5,400 7.0 Other manufacturing industries...• 7,200 5.1

Agricultural chemicals.... .........

Othur rhomira1 nrftHurt«

1,000

10 ROO

11.6

IQ 4 Nonmanufacturing..................... 205,500 .2

Petroleum refining................ . 9,400

XZ7 •

4.5 10,100 11.9

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products.................... ......... 4,700 7.4 Crude petroleum and natural gas.

Metal mining............ ........

7.100

1.100

23.1

Stone, clay and glass products........ 4,700 3.7 -9.0

Primary metal industries........... . 18,900 2.6 Coal mining.r.rr..Tt.frT...frf.. 1,200 -9.1

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 700 5.0

Blast furnace and basic steel products 12,200 5.3

Other primary metal industries..... 6,700 -2.0 Con tract r.nnstructi on 24,600

44,300

-7.4

Fabricated metal products............. 24,600 1.3

Transportation and public utilities -.2

Machinery, except electrical............. 63,400 4.3 P a i 1 m a a a m 3,700

3,000

mmA O

1i!n if i n m o Avis! fnt*Kiviaa 3,700

11,200

_1 c Other transportation..................

“ 4 . L

-15.7

Office, computing, and accounting

machines......... ....................

—x • o

2.6

Communication....................

Electric, gas* and sanitary

21,200 8.3

Farm machinery and equipment......... 6,000 services...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,400 -5.8 5.7

Other machinery...................... 42,500 5.2 Wholesale and retail trade........ 18,900 -4.3

Electrical equipment and supplies...... 84,900 5.8 Finance, insurance,and real estate 2,100 9.7

Services..... ..................... 103,800 2.2

Electric distribution equipment and

industrial apparatus.............. 20,500 4.5 Commercial laboratories; business

Household appliances................ 2,700 1.7 and management consulting services • • 36,100 1.7

Communication equipment............. 34,000 11.6 Medical and dental laboratories.. 4,100 -11.0

Electric lighting and wiring equipment 2,400 6.8 Engineering and architectural

Electronic components and accessories

Radio and television receiving sets.

14,200 -3.6 services....................... 60,000 4.2

7,100 5.7 Other .services. ................. . 3,500 -7.9

Miscellaneous electrical equipment

and supplies....................... 4,100 3.9 Agricultural services, forestry,

and f isherie s.................... . 1,700 -7.5

IJ Increase unless otherwise noted,

NOTE.--Totals and percents have been calculated on

the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not

correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded

figures shown.

Digitized for FRASER 

70

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SCOPE AND METHOD

This appendix contains a brief discussion of b a c k ground i n f o r m a ­

tion n e c e ssary to the interpretation of the statistical findings-- c overage and conduct of the survey, nature of the estimates, p r o b l e m s of 

definition and classification of data, and comparability of the 1962 

survey with earlier surveys. 1 A technical discussion of the sampling 

sc h e m e , estimating m e t h o d s and problems, sampling variances, and 

related matters is contained in appendix C.

C o v e r a g e of the S urvey

T h e basic s a m p l e of establishments included in the survey w a s 

d r a w n f r o m lists, compiled for the first quarter of 1959, of establishments reporting to State e m p l o y m e n t security agencies for u n ­

e m p l o y m e n t c o m pensation purposes, supplemented by a list of 

interstate railroads and related companies. T h e s e c o m b i n e d lists 

included approximately 2,150,000 organizations with m o r e than 39 

million e m p l o y e e s and represented the m o s t c o m p r e h e n s i v e roster 

of establishments available in the United States. T o s a m p l e m o r e 

intensively the business organizations k n o w n to e m p l o y scientists

1 T h e earlier reports w e r e conducted for, and published by, the 

National Science Foundation. See Scientific and T e chnical P e r s onnel in A m e r i c a n Industry--Report on a 1959 S u r v e y , N § F 1)0-627 

Scientific and Technical Personnel in Industry, 1960, N S F 61-75; 

Scientific and Technical Personnel in Industry, 1961, N S F 63-32 

(National Science Foundation).

APPENDIX B

and engineers, the s a m p l e w a s further supplemented b y industrial research laboratories employing 50 or m o r e scientists and engineers as 

of M a r c h i960, and small business concerns e mploying 10 or m o r e scientists and engineers as of June i960. 2

Certain categories of establishments w e r e eliminated f r o m the 

m a s t e r list before the s a m p l e w a s selected, either because a separate 

survey of the given category w a s being sponsored by the National Science Foundation or because the n u m b e r of scientific and technical p e r ­

sonnel e m p l o y e d w a s believed to be negligible. T h e categories of organizations omitted w e r e those classified according to the Standard 

Industrial Classification s y s t e m 3 in the following m a j o r industry groups: 

01 and 02--farms; 80--medical and other health services (except 807, 

medical and dental laboratories, which w a s included); 82-- educational 

services; 8 4 - - m u s e u m s , art galleries, and botanical and zoological 

gardens; 86--nonprofit m e m b e r s h i p organizations; 88--private h o u s e ­

holds; 89--miscellaneous services (except 891, engineering and architectural services, which w a s included); 91 through 9 4 - -government; and 

99--nonclassifiable establishments.

2Sources: Industrial R e search Laboratories of the United States,

No. 844 (National*Academy of Sciences, National R e s e a r c h Council);

A List of Small B u s i n e ss C o n c e r n s Interested in P e r f o r m i n g R e s e a r c h 

and D e v “e^iopmerrr,"'Tune i960 U. S . D e p a r t m e n t of C o m m e r c e , Small 

Business Administration.

3 All industrial classification for this survey w a s in t e r m s of the 1957 

Standard Industrial Classification Manual. See Standard Industrial Cl a s ­

sification ManuaJ., 1957 and the Su p p l e m e n t to 1957 Edition, l958,Lxecutive 

Office of the President, B u r e a u of the Budget.

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SCOPE AND METHOD

Establishments b e l o w a specified m i n i m u m size, d e t e rmined 

separately for e a c h m a j o r industry group, w e r e also excluded 

f r o m the listing. (See table B-l. ) B e c a u s e of the great n u m b e r s 

of establishments in the smallest size groups, very f ew of whi c h 

e m p l o y any scientists or engineers, these m i n i m u m - s i z e cutoffs 

w e r e essential to the efficiency of the survey. Altogether, s o m e 

1. 8 million establishments e m ploying nearly 10,9 million w o r k e r s 

w e r e excluded f r o m the original lists of establishments. T h e fragm e n t a r y evidence available suggests that the establishments thus 

excluded e m p l o y e d v ery f e w persons working as scientists, engineers, or technicians. M o s t of the excluded personnel w e r e engineers or technicians e m p l o y e d in the construction industry, w h e r e 

a m i n i m u m - s i z e cutoff of 10 e m p l o y e e s w a s ne c e ssary because of 

the difficulty of sampling the e x tremely large n u m b e r of small 

construction contractors, and the financial and other limitations 

affecting the survey. Since the u n e m p l o y m e n t insurance (UI) 

listing of establishments f r o m w h i c h the s a m p l e w a s d r a w n w a s 

compi l e d as of M a r c h 1959, the survey also did not reach establishments created after that date.

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APPENDIX B

A s the result of all the exclusions described a b o v e , a sampling 

universe of about 350, 000 establishments employing nearly 28. 5 

million w o r k e r s remained. Eefore the survey s a m p l e w a s drawn, 

the universe listing w a s stratified by region, industry and size of 

establishment. Altogether, a s a m p l e of nearly 15, 000 establishments 

w a s selected at r a n d o m . T h e sampling ratio w a s varied in relation 

to size of establishment and other factors, so as to obtain m a x i m u m 

reliability at m i n i m u m cost. In e very covered industry, all establishments with 1, 000 e m p l o y e e s or m o r e w e r e included in the sample. 

In other industry-size cells, the sampling ratios ranged f r o m 1 in 1 

to 1 in 100. In general, the larger the establishment and the greater 

the n u m b e r of technical personnel used by the industry, the higher 

w a s the sampling ratio.

In addition to the UI s a m p l e discussed above, the supplemental 

establishments d r a w n f r o m the lists of interstate railroads, industrial 

research laboratories, and small business concerns performing r e ­

search and dev e l o p m e n t w e r e included with a weight of unity and added 

to their appropriate industry-size class, regardless of the sampling 

ratio used in the UI samp l e for that particular size class. If a supplemental establishment duplicated a UI sam p l e unit, it w a s treated as a 

supplemental unit, with a weight of unity.

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SCOPE AND METHOD APPENDIX B

TABLE B-l. MINIMUM SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS COVERED BY 1962 SURVEY

Industry SIC Code

Minimum

size of

establishment

covered

(number of

employees)

Ordnance and accessories ................ 19 1

Food and kindred products................ 20 10

Textile mill products • ................ 22 50

Lumber and wood products, except furniture 24 50

Paper and allied products ................ 26 10

Chemicals and allied products

Industrial chemicals ................ 281 1

Plastics and synthetics, except glass ..... 282 1

Drugs................................. 283 1

Agricultural chemicals ................ 287 1

Other chemical products................ 284* 285 , 28 6 , 2 89 1

Petroleum refining........................ 291 1

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . 30 10

Stone, clay, and glass products............ 32 10

Primary metal industries

Blast furnace and basic metal industries . . 331, 332, 3391 1

Other primary metal industries.......... 333,334,335, 336,

339 (except 3391 )

1

Fabricated metal products................ 34 1

Machinery, except electrical

Engines and turbines................... 351 1

Office, computing, and accounting

machine s............................. 357 1

F a r m machinery and equipment......... 352 1

Other machinery........................ 353, 354, 355, 356,

358

1

Electrical equipment and supplies

Electric distribution equipment and

industrial apparatus.................. 361, 362 1

Household appliances................... 363 1

Communication equipment............... 366 1

Electric lighting and wiring equipment. .... 364 1

Electronic components and accessories . . . 367 1

Radio and television receiving sets...... 365 1

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and

supplies............................. 369 1

Transportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipment .......... 3 7 1

Industry SIC C o d e

M i n i m u m 

size of 

establishm e n t 

covered 

(num b e r of 

employees)

Aircraft and parts..... ....................

Other transportation e q u i p m e n t............

Instruments and related products

Engineering and scientific instruments 

Other instruments and related products • • •

372

373, 374, 375, 379 

381

382,383,384, 385, 

386, 387

1

1

1

1

Other manufacturing industries

T o b a c c o manufactures ....................

A p parel and other finished products

Furniture and fixtures ....................

Printing, publishing, and

allied industries..........................

Paving and roofing materials ............

Leather and leather products ............

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. . . 

Mining

Metal mining*...............................

Coal m i n i n g .................................

C r u d e petroleum and natural gas

Quarrying and nonmetallic m i n i n g ........

Contract construction.........................

Transportation and public utilities

Railroad transportation....................

C o m m u n i c a t i o n ............................

Electric, gas, and sanitary services •

Other transportation services ...........

Wholesale and retail t r a d e ..................

Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e .......

Service s

C o m m e r c i a l laboratories; business and

m a n a g e m e n t consulting services.......

Medical and dental laboratories..........

Engineering and architectural services

Other services.............................

Agricultural services, forestry,

and fisheries...............................

21 10

23 10

25 50

27 10

295, 299 1

31 10

39 10

10 10

11, 12 10

13 1

14 10

15-17 10

40 100

481,483,482, 489 1

49 1

41-47 1

50-59 50

60-67 50

739 1

807 1

891 1

70-79 (except 739),81 50

07-09 50

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SCOPE AND METHOD

Conduct of the Survey

The questionnaire for the survey was identical with that used in

the 1961 survey, and substantially the same as that used in the 1959

and the i960 surveys. Copies of the questionnaire and of the covering and followup letters sent to establishments are reproduced in

appendix D.

The questionnaires were mailed to most establishments in the

sample in late March and early April 1962. In most instances,

questionnaires for the establishments in the sample were mailed

to headquarters of the companies. Some of the largest establishments were visited in person to discuss special reporting problems.

At least two, but in most cases three, followups were made of all

nonrespondents, by mail or by telephone. About 13,400, or approximately 90 percent of those in the sample, supplied usable information.

Two different types of statistical findings were derived from the

sample data. One type, designated as primary estimates, included

the following items: Total employment, total scientists and engineers,

and total technicians. The second type, called secondary estimates,

was components of the primary estimates.

APPENDIX B

Primary estimates were obtained, for each industry-size cell,

as a product of the known March 1959 employment for the cell

universe and the ratio of the sample total of the primary item to

the sample total of March 1959 employment. Prior to the calculation of these estimates, imputations were made for categories of

item nonrespondents, with the aid of related information from the

schedule. Industry and other totals were obtained by summing

appropriate cell totals.

The secondary estimates were obtained by computing for each

cell a ratio of the given component item to the corresponding primary item, using information only for those establishments supplying data on both items. The secondary estimate was then derived

by multiplying the ratio by the cell estimate of the related primary

item.

Sampling errors were computed for estimates based on establishments with employment of less than 1, 000. In addition, '’sampling"

errors were calculated for industry-size classes composed of establishments with 1, 000 employees or more in which some of the establishments were nonrespondents. Since imputations were based on

the characteristics exhibited by the respondents, such "sampling"

errors could be meaningfully derived under the assumption that

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SCOPE AND METHOD

nonresponse will vary in its incidence from sample to sample. Additionally, as in all surveys, it should be kept in mind that the data are

subject to errors in reporting, in editing, and in tabulating. The n u m ­

ber of such errors has been reduced insofar as possible by checking

procedures and through correspondence with a number of establishments

whose reports were internally inconsistent or appeared to involve misinterpretations.

Since all figures in this report are estimated from a sample, the

reader is cautioned not to attribute material significance to the exact

numerical value of any estimate. Rounded figures are presented

throughout the report to emphasize this point. Generally speaking,

the estimates with the largest numerical values have associated with

them the smallest percentages of probable error.

Definitions

The definitions used in this survey, like other parts of the questionnaire, were identical with those used in the 1961 survey. These

definitions have been developed in consultation with industry representatives and others have expert knowledge of the field. The aim

was to describe clearly the desired information and also to conform,

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APPENDIX B

insofar as possible, with customary personnel accounting practices.

It was recognized, however, that wide differences in establishment

organization and in personnel records among industries, and among

establishments in the same industry, would make inevitable some

variation in interpretation and application of the definitions. It was

primarily for this reason that the questionnaire states: "Reasonable

estimates will be satisfactory."

The definition of the term "technician" was especially subject to

variation in response. There is as yet no general agreement as to

the meaning of this term, which covers positions with a variety of job

titles differing among establishments. Consequently, the categories

of personnel included in the figures reported on this item probably

varied somewhat among respondents in the current survey, and

between the current survey and earlier ones.

A definition of the desired reporting unit was also provided. This

definition was based by necessity on that used by the UI agencies in the

listing of establishments from which the sample was drawn. 4 Separate

information was requested for each establishment. Since it was known

that some multiestablishment companies might find it difficult to supply

4It should be noted that UI reporting procedures permit establishment reports for units that m a y be statewide or countywide in scope

or less than plantwide (e.g., all of a corporation's insurance agents

in a given State cited as a separate establishment).

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SCOPE AND METHOD

the requested figures for each separate establishment, it w a s stated 

on the questionnaire that data might, if necessary, be submitted on a 

consolidated basis. T h e alternative procedure w a s followed by about 

200 c o m p a n i e s with about 900 establishments. It also w a s noted on 

the questionnaire that multi-industry c o m p a n i e s mig h t report along 

corporate industrial division lines or on other c o m p a r a b l e basis. This 

m e t h o d is generally preferable to a single consolidated c o m p a n y report, 

f r o m an industry survey viewpoint; only a few co m p a n i e s chose the latter 

alternative.

Classification of D ata

T h e industrial classification of the establishments in this survey were, 

in general, those assigned by the State e m p l o y m e n t security agencies, 

w h i c h developed the list f r o m w h i c h the sam p l e w a s drawn. 5 T h e industry categories used w e r e those of the 1957 Standard Industrial C l a s ­

sification System. T h e industry of each establishment w a s d e termined 

by the State agency on the basis of principal product or activity.

T h e industry code assigned to an establishment w a s changed in relatively few cases. W h e r e a consolidated return w a s received, all the data 

for the return w e r e classified in the industry in wh i c h the largest p r o p o r ­

tion of the e m p l o y m e n t s h o w n on the consolidated return fell.

5T h e industry classification of the group of supplemental establishm e n t s w a s assigned by the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics, U. S. D e p a r t m e n t 

of Labor.

APPENDIX B

The size categories in the survey were based on total establishment

employment as of March 1959. Since the sample was drawn from a listing

of establishments compiled as of March 1959 and stratified on the basis of

establishment employment as of that date, use of these employment figures

as the basis for classification of data in the report greatly simplified the

tabulations.

Comparability Wi t h Pr.evious Surveys

Several changes which affect comparability of data have occurred since

the initial survey of scientific and technical personnel was made in 1959 .

However, the last two surveys--1961 and 1962--are directly comparable

insofar as it is possible to control a sample survey. The same sample

of establishments was used, identical questionnaires and definitions were

employed, and usable response to both surveys was about the same (90

percent). Certain factors which cannot be readily controlled however,

affect comparability. For example, even though the response rate to

both surveys was about the same, the responding establishments--particularly those in the small-size cells where the sampling ratio is the

greatest*-were not necessarily the same for both years. Alsq reports

from establishments responding to both surveys sometimes indicated a

change in the interpretation of definitions. Except for items where very

small numbers are involved, these variations in response are believed

to have had little effect upon the comparability of the data. (See appendix

C for a discussion of sampling and response errors. )

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SCOPE AND METHOD

■\ f;

jMlji

APPENDIX B

The surveys conducted prior to 1961 are not completely comparable

for a number of technical reasons which m a y affect the overall estimates

of scientific and technical employment and, to a mu c h greater extent, the

estimates of different industries and sizes of companies. Before 1961,

the survey was based on a sample of companies rather than on a sample

of establishments. The change to an establishment reporting system was

made primarily to get estimates of scientific and technical employment

that are more accurately classified by industry. The value of the companysample surveys in regard to industry estimates was limited, as was noted

in the pre-1961 reports, because all employment of a given company was

classified in the single industry with which the company was primarily

associated. For multiple-industry companies, of which there are many,

an unknown proportion of scientific and technical personnel were thus

classified in industries in which they were not working. By changing to

an establishment reporting system, an important limitation on the value

of the data has been minimized. 6

The change to establishment reporting m a y affect comparability

with past surveys in other ways. The objective of these surveys is

to estimate the number of persons working as scientific or technical

personnel, regardless of how they became qualified for their positions.

Similarly, persons with scientific or technical training whose positions

do not require the use of such training were not to be included in the

reports. Establishment offices are closer than headquarters offices to

the individuals for w h o m employment data are requested and, hence, are

likely to be able to report with greater accuracy the occupations and functions in which these persons were actually working. More specifically to

the present problem, establishment offices are better able to distinguish

among individuals with the same or similar position titles, according to

whether or not they are actually working as engineers, scientists, or

technicians.

The questionnaire has also undergone major changes since the initial

survey was conducted. The 1953-54 and 1956 surveys emphasized questions relating to R & D costs. Companies without R & D were requested to

supply only a few overall figures on their scientific and technical staffs.

Beginning with the 1959 survey, a fairly detailed two-way breakdown

of scientific and technical personnel by occupational group and function was introduced. This two-way breakdown remained unchanged

for the I960 survey. But in the 1961 survey, and again in 1962, the

questionnaire requested separate data on employment of scientists

and engineers, by occupational group, in the "technical sales and

service" function. In the earlier surveys, respondents were instructed to include such personnel in the miscellaneous functional group of

"all other activities." However, the relationship between the "all

other activities" category and the "technical sales and service" category initiated in 1961 casts doubt on the thesis that all technical sales

and service personnel were previously classified in "all other activities." Analysis of the data suggests, though not conclusively, that

the similarity of some technical service activities to research and

development led, in the previous surveys, to some reporting of technical service personnel as research and development personnel.

^Although multiple-industry establishments do exist, such cases

present m u c h less serious classification problems than do multipleindustry companies, chiefly because such establishments rarely involve more than a few different industries.

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TECHNICAL NOTES

General Sampling Scheme

The design of the basic sample was that of a stratified random sample

of establishments drawn from individual industry-size classes. The universe was that of establishments reporting to each of the 50 State employment security agencies for unemployment insurance (UI) purposes, for

the first calendar quarter of 1959, and supplemented by a list of interstate

railroads and related companies as supplied by the Interstate C o m m e r c e

Commission. Industry classification of establishments was based on information available to the State agencies. Size classification generally

was determined by mid-March 1959 employment.

Sample numbers were allocated among the various strata in accordance with the principle of optimum allocation, taking into account the

expected response rates by industry and by size. The overall sample

size was determined so that the 95-percent tolerance band (two relative

standard errors) for the estimate of the total number of scientists and

engineers for all industries combined would be about 3 percent. Reciprocals of the initially determined sampling ratios were rounded to the

nearest one of the following values: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100.

Sampling ratios varied from certainty for all establishments with 1, 000

employees or more to a low of 1 in 100 for small establishments in industries having relatively few scientists and engineers. All selections

were made randomly within the designated strata.

- 7

APPENDIX C

A more intensive sample of establishments known to employ scientists and engineers was drawn from a list of industrial research laboratories compiled by the National Academy of Sciences— National Research

Council and from a list of small business concerns interested in performing research and development compiled by the Small Business Administration. The sample consisted of all industrial research laboratories employing 50 scientists and engineers or more as of March I960, and all small

business concerns with 10 scientists and engineers or more as of June I960.

The selection of the sample from the State UI lists-yielded about 15, 000

establishments with March 1959 employment of approximately 10 million

workers, or about 26 percent of all private, nonagricultural employment

covered by State unemployment insurance. The augmented sample of

industrial research laboratories and small business concerns contained

about 750 establishments.

The survey was planned primarily as a mail survey with followups

by mail, telephone, and personal contact as necessary. Experience

with earlier surveys had indicated that the response to the mail questionnaire would be very high and that bias, if any, among the nonrespondents

would be slight.

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TECHNICAL NOTES

Estimating M e t h o d s a nd P r o b l e m s 

Estimating M e t h o d s

Two kinds of estimates were derived from the survey--primary and

secondary estimates. These are described below.

The symbols used in the estimating equations are as follows:

N = total number of establishments.

Ni = total number of establishments on the certainty list, of which

Nit give information on a primary item of estimate and N tc

give information on both primary and secondary items of

estimate.

B = employment benchmark (total employment in the UI March 1959

universe).

bj = March 1959 UI employment for the i-th sample establishment

from the UI listing.

iii = primary item of estimate for the i-th establishment on the

certainty list.

t 2i = primary item of estimate, either reported or imputed, for

the i-th establishment in the probability sample but not on

the certainty list.

c n = secondary item of estimate for the i-th establishm ent on the

certainty list.

C2i = secondary item of estimate for the i-th establishment in the

probability sample but not on the certainty list.

n = number of establishments in the designed probability sample

from the UI listing of which n2 are not also on the certainty

list.

n^ = number of establishments in the probability sample responding

on the primary item; n ^ is the number not found to be on

the certainty list.

nc = number of establishments in the probability sample responding

on both the primary and the secondary items; n2c is the n u m ­

ber not found to be on the certainty list.

n = number of establishments in the probability sample but not

found to be on the certainty list, reported or imputed to

have a primary item of estimate.

- 7

APPENDIX C

Since all primary and secondary estimates, and their variances, are

calculated separately for each industry-size stratum, no notation is introduced to represent industry or size in the formulas.

A primary estimate, such as total number of scientists and engineers,

January 1961, is a ratio estimate as follows:

n 2

Nit

2

i

^21

£ 11 i + B = x ’ + T*o

n

* 2

i

2

i

bi

A secondary estimate is either a component of, or closely related

to, a primary item. It is estimated as follows:

N i c n 2C

2 c 1 i 2 C2i

i i

+ t «2

N ic 

2 b u

n 2C

2 t 2 i

i i

where the summations in the numerators and denominators are for those

sample establishments reporting both the specific primary and secondary

items on the schedule.

Estimates of totals by industry and for all industries combined are

obtained by summation of the relevant stratum estimates.

Deaths, Mergers, and Consolidations

Many special adjustments were made in establishment returns in the

survey because of changes in company structure. Establishments whose

schedules were returned with such notations as "out of business" or "moved,

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TECHNICAL NOTES APPENDIX C

n o f o r w a r d i n g a d d r e s s , " w e r e c h e c k e d f o r m o r e c u r r e n t i n f o r m a t i o n o n

n a m e a n d a d d r e s s . I n a f e w c a s e s , n e w n a m e s a n d a d d r e s s e s w e r e f o u n d

f o r f i r m s s t i l l i n b u s i n e s s a n d s c h e d u l e s w e r e s e n t t o t h e m . O t h e r e s t a b ­

l i s h m e n t s w h i c h w e r e d e f i n i t e l y d e t e r m i n e d t o b e o u t o f b u s i n e s s a s o f

J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a s b u s i n e s s d e a t h s .

S p e c i a l e d i t i n g p r o c e d u r e s w e r e d e v i s e d f o r b u s i n e s s m e r g e r s a n d

f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s o l d t o o t h e r f i r m s . S u c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h w e r e

d e t e r m i n e d t o h a v e l o s t t h e i r s e p a r a t e i d e n t i t i e s b y J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 w e r e

c l a s s i f i e d a s o u t - o f - b u s i n e s s c a s e s .

C o n s o l i d a t i o n s p r e s e n t e d a p r o b l e m a r i s i n g f r o m t h e s u r v e y i t s e l f ,

r a t h e r t h a n f r o m c h a n g e s i n b u s i n e s s o r g a n i z a t i o n . S i n c e t h e s a m p l e o f

e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w a s d r a w n f r o m u n e m p l o y m e n t i n s u r a n c e m a s t e r f i l e s

o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h s e p a r a t e e m p l o y e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n n u m b e r s , i t w a s

i n t e n d e d t h a t r e p o r t i n g u n i t s i n t h e s u r v e y h a v e t h e s a m e i d e n t i t i e s . H o w ­

e v e r , s o m e c o m p a n i e s w e r e n o t a b l e t o p r e p a r e s e p a r a t e r e p o r t s f o r e a c h

e s t a b l i s h m e n t i n t h e i r o r g a n i z a t i o n , b u t s u b m i t t e d c o n s o l i d a t e d r e t u r n s

c o v e r i n g t w o s a m p l e u n i t s o r m o r e . C o m p a n i e s r e t u r n i n g s u c h c o n s o l i ­

d a t e d s c h e d u l e s w e r e a s k e d t o l i s t t h e n a m e s o f a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o v e r e d

b y t h e r e t u r n . T o m a i n t a i n a n u n b i a s e d e s t i m a t i o n p r o c e d u r e , b e n c h m a r k

e m p l o y m e n t ( M a r c h 1 9 5 9 ) t p t a l s w e r e a d j u s t e d f o r a l l c e l l s i n w h i c h t h e r e

w e r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e d a t a w e r e i n c l u d e d o n c o n s o l i d a t e d r e t u r n s .

O n t h e b a s i s o f i n f o r m a t i o n f u r n i s h e d w i t h o r o n t h e c o n s o l i d a t e d r e t u r n , a

p a r e n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s d e s i g n a t e d f o r e a c h s u c h r e p o r t . D a t a o n t h e c o n ­

s o l i d a t e d r e t u r n w e r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s o f t h e p a r e n t r e p o r t .

B e n c h m a r k e m p l o y m e n t f o r e v e r y o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t c o v e r e d b y t h e

c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t ( w h e t h e r o r n o t i t w a s i n t h e s a m p l e ) w a s r e m o v e d

f r o m i t s c o r r e s p o n d i n g c e l l w i t h t h e w e i g h t ( r e c i p r o c a l o f t h e s a m p l i n g

r a t i o ) o f t h e c e l l o f t h e p a r e n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t , a n d a d d e d t o t h e b e n c h ­

m a r k e m p l o y m e n t o f t h e p a r e n t c e l l w i t h t h e s a m e w e i g h t . I n o t h e r

w o r d s , t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n o f e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s r e p l a c e d

b y t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i n g t h e p a r e n t . F o r t h o s e c o n s o l i d a t e d i n t h e

o r i g i n a l s a m p l e , i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t i t e m s w e r e e d i t e d t o z e r o .

S a m p l i n g V a r i a n c e s

T h e s a m p l i n g a c c u r a c y o f a l a r g e p r o p o r t i o n o f t h e p r i m a r y a n d

s e c o n d a r y e s t i m a t e s w a s d e t e r m i n e d . T h e s y m b o l s u s e d e a r l i e r i n

t h i s a p p e n d i x a r e a l s o u s e d i n t h e v a r i a n c e f o r m u l a s g i v e n b e l o w .

A d d i t i o n a l s y m b o l s a r e d e f i n e d a s n e c e s s a r y .

T h e v a r i a n c e o f l e v e l o f a p r i m a r y a m o u n t , s u c h a s t h e n u m b e r o f

s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s , f o r a g i v e n i n d u s t r y s i z e s t r a t u m i s a p p r o x i ­

m a t e l y :

“ n t

( T ' 2 ) 2 ( V ? 2 V t h )

N n t

w h e r e V t2 a n d a r e r e l - v a r i a n c e s , a n d V t b i s t h e r e l - c o v a r i a n c e , a n d

a r e d e f i n e d a s f o l l o w s :

a 2

t

n t

I t 2

. w i t h t = ___

n t

n t

2 t i

- 8 0 - Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TECHNICAL NOTES

T h e s u m m a t i o n i s o v e r t h e e n t i r e s t r a t u m i n c l u d i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n

t h e c e r t a i n t y l i s t w h i c h w e r e s e l e c t e d a l s o i n t h e U I s a m p l e , a n d t i i s

n u m b e r o f s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s r e p o r t e d b y a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t , i f i t

i s n o t a l s o o n t h e c e r t a i n t y l i s t . I f t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t i s a l s o o n t h e

c e r t a i n t y l i s t , t i = 0 r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e n u m b e r o f s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s

r e p o r t e d . V | > i s e x p r e s s e d i n s i m i l a r f a s h i o n w i t h b i e q u a l t o M a r c h 1 9 5 9

U I e m p l o y m e n t f o r e a c h s a m p l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t w i t h o u t r e g a r d t o w h e t h e r

i t i s o n t h e c e r t a i n t y l i s t . T h e r e l - c o v a r i a n c e i s

V t b

t f t b

1

n-t - 1

n t

I t i b i n t t b

t b t b

T h e v a r i a n c e o f a s e c o n d a r y i t e m , s u c h a s t h e n u m b e r o f s c i e n t i s t s

a n d e n g i n e e r s i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t f o r a g i v e n i n d u s t r y - s i z e

s t r a t u m , i s a p p r o x i m a t e d b y :

K - n c

------------------------ ( 0 ' 2 ) J ( V * + V * - 2 V o b )

N n c

w i t h t h e r e l - v a r i a n c e s a n d r e l - c o v a r i a n c e d e f i n e d i n a s i m i l a r w a y , t o

t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g t e r m s i n t h e v a r i a n c e f o r p r i m a r y e s t i m a t e s .

APPENDIX C

T h e r e l a t i v e s t a n d a r d e r r o r s a r e d e f i n e d a s f o l l o w s f o r a p r i m a r y

e s t i m a t e :

CT^ i

e>p i — ___

T '

A n a l o g o u s e x p r e s s i o n s h o l d f o r t h e o t h e r e s t i m a t e s .

I n g e n e r a l , t h e r e l a t i v e e r r o r s a r e l a r g e r f o r t h e s m a l l e r s i z e

c l a s s e s . A s a r u l e , t h e y a r e l a r g e r f o r s m a l l e r a g g r e g a t e s . I n a d d i ­

t i o n , i t i s l i k e l y t h a t t h e n e t e f f e c t o f r e s p o n s e e r r o r s i s l a r g e r f o r

t h e s m a l l e r a g g r e g a t e s . H e n c e , s m a l l e r a n d m o r e d e t a i l e d f i g u r e s

s h o u l d b e u s e d w i t h c a u t i o n .

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Q U E S T I O N N A I R E A P P E N D I X

QUESTIONNAIRE

OCCUPATIONAL DEFINITIONS

COVERING LETTERS

- 8 2 - Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
QUESTIONNAIRE

B.L.S. No. 2716-A Budget Bureau No. 44-R1157.1. 

Approval expires December 31, 1962.

A S u r v e y o f

SCIENTIFIC A N D TECHNICAL

PERSONNEL IN INDUSTRY: 1962

C o n d u cte d b y the

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Bureau o f L ab o r S ta tistic s

In form a tion su p p lied on th is fo rm w ill be seen on ly b y sw orn 

em p loyees o f th e B ureau o f L a b o r S tatistics. O n ly sta tistical 

su m m a ries th at p reserve th e con fid en tia lity o f the d ata su pp lied w ill be released .

PLEASE NOTE.—If you employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians, please complete the entire questionnaire, sup­ plying as much information as possible. If you do not employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians, answer only Hem 1

below.

Your reply will be held in 

STRICT CONFIDENCE

R eason a ble estim a tes w ill be sa tisfa c to ry . P lease en ter “ 0 ” 

w h ere a p p rop ria te, o r “ n ot ava ila b le,” i f su ch is th e case, rath er 

th an lea ve a qu estion u n an sw ered. D a ta sh ou ld ap p ly, i f p o ssib le, to th e p a y p eriod en d in g n ea rest J a n u ary 15.

I f e x tr a copies o f th e qu estion na ire w ou ld be h elp fu l, th ey 

m a y be obtain ed on requ est.

M ail com p leted qu estion n a ire to :

C O M M IS S IO N E R O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S 

U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R 

W a sh in g ton 25, D .C .

I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F R E P O R T I N G U N I T

I Y o u r re p ly to th is qu estion n a ire sh ou ld be

restricted , i f p ossib le, to th e un it iden tified at 

le ft. Since th is su rvey is ba sed on a sam ple 

o f un its, m u lti-u n it com p an ies m ay receive m ore 

than on e qu estion na ire. I f it is n ot fea sib le 

to su p p ly sep arate figu res f o r each unit, p lease 

fo llo w on e o f th e a ltern a tives describ ed in the 

defin ition o f re p o r tin g u n it on p a g e 3. In an y 

case, d escrib e th e c o v e r a g e o f th e r ep ort b y 

| com p letin g item 7, p a g e 3.

(C h a n g e ad dress i f in c o rr e ct)

T E R M S I N H E A V Y C A P I T A L S A R E D E F I N E D O N P A G E S 3 A N D 4

1. A . T ota l em p loym en t: E n ter th e tota l n u m ber o f p erson s on th e p a y r o ll(s ) o f the 

R E P O R T IN G U N IT (in clu d e both fu ll- an d p a rt-tim e e m p l o y e e s ) ..............................

b. S C IE N T IS T S and E N G IN E E R S : E n ter the tota l n u m ber o f p erson s in clu ded in 1A

ab ove w h o w ere w o r k in g as S C IE N T IS T S o r E N G I N E E R S ...........................................

c. T E C H N IC IA N S : E n ter th e tota l n u m ber o f p erson s in clu ded in 1A ab ove w h o w ere

w ork in g as T E C H N I C I A N S .............................................................................................................

d. A ll oth er em p loyees (1 A m inus l b an d l c ) . ........................................................................

IF Y O U E M P L O Y A N Y S C IE N T IS T S , E N G IN E E R S , o r T E C H N IC IA N S (en tries in l b o r l c ) , P L E A S E C O M P L E T E 

E N T IR E F O R M . C O M P L E T E O N L Y T H IS P A G E IF A N S W E R S T O B O T H l b and l c A R E Z E R O .

N am e and title o f person to be ad d ressed if qu estion s arise con cern in g th is re p o r t:

- 8

APPENDIX D

T E R M S P R I N T E D I N H E A V Y C A P I T A L S A R E D E F I N E D . P L E A S E R E A D D E F I N I T I O N S C A R E F U L L Y

2. P lease en ter below in colu m n ( 1 ) , line A the tota l n u m ber o f p erson s on th e p a y r o ll(s ) o f the R E P O R T IN G U N IT w ork in g as 

S C IE N T IS T S and E N G IN E E R S in Jan u ary 1962. T h is should be the sam e as the en try fo r Ja n u ary 1962 in qu estion lb on 

p a g e 1. In the rem a in in g colu m n s and lin es en ter the n u m ber o f th ose scien tists and en gin eers en gaged in the occu pation s 

and fu n ction s sh ow n in w h ich th ey sp en t the g rea test p rop ortion o f th eir tim e. C ou n t each in dividual on ly once. Please 

exam in e th e sa m p le on p a g e 6 b efore a n sw erin g th is qu estion . I f you can n ot su pply all th e detail requ ested, en ter as m uch 

in form a tion a s y o u can.

OCCUPATION

TOTAL 

EMPLOYED 

IN ALL 

FUNCTIONS

(1)

PRIMARY FUNCTION—JANUARY 1962 

(Classify individuals according to the function occupying 

the greatest proportion of their time.)

(Personnel working in borderline specializations, such 

as biochemistry, should be 

classified in the listed occupations with which their 

work is most closely identified.)

Performance 

of RESEARCHDEVELOPMENT

(2)

MANAGEMENT 

AND ADMINISTRATION of 

RESEARCHDEVELOPMENT 

(3)

MANAGEMENT 

AND ADMINISTRATION of

activities other 

than researchdevelopment 

(4)

TECHNICAL

SALES

AND

SERVICE

(5)

PRODUCTION

AND

OPERATIONS

(•)

ALL

OTHER

ACTIVITIES

(7)

A . T ota l S C IE N T IS T S 

and E N G IN E E R S

b. E N G IN E E R S

(a ll ty p e s) ....

c. C h e m i s t s ........................

d. P h ysicists ....

e. M eta llu rgists . . .

f . G eolog ists and 

g eop h y sicists . . .

g . M A T H E M A ­

T IC IA N S ........................

h. M E D IC A L S C IE N ­

T IS T S (E x clu d e 

p ra ctition ers ) . . .

i. A G R IC U L T U R A L 

S C IE N T IS T S . . .

j. B IO L O G IC A L

S C IE N T IS T S . . .

k. O th er S C IE N ­

T IS T S (P lea se 

s p e c i fy ) :

3. A p p ro x im a te ly h ow m a n y o f th e S C IE N T IS T S and E N G IN E E R S p e rfo rm in g o r adm in isterin g R E S E A R C H - 

D E V E L O P M E N T in Ja n u ary 1962 (su m o f colu m n s (2 ) and (3 ) a b ov e) sp en t the gre a te st p rop ortion o f th eir 

tim e w o rk in g on B A S IC R E S E A R C H ? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................

2

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
QUESTIONNAIRE

T E R M S P R I N T E D I N H E A V Y C A P I T A L S A R E D E F I N E D . P L E A S E R E A D D E F I N I T I O N S C A R E F U L L Y

4. O f the tota l S C IE N T IS T S and E N G IN E E R S en tered in colu m n ( 1 ) , line A o f item 2, p lea se g iv e n u m ber em p loyed fu ll tim e in 

the p erform a n ce o f R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T and in th e M A N A G E M E N T A N D A D M IN IS T R A T IO N o f R E S E A R C H - 

D E V E L O P M E N T plu s F U L L -T IM E E Q U IV A L E N T o f th ose w o rk in g p a rt tim e in th ese activities. (In clu d e all tim e sp en t in 

th ese activ ities r ega rd less o f p rim a ry fu n ction c a te g o r y in w h ich in divid u a ls w ere p la ced in item 2.)

N ote.— If the total full-time equivalent of SCIENTISTS and ENGINEERS enKaKed in RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT (item 4C) is believed to be about the 

same, i.e., within 5 percent, as the sum of columns (2) and (3) of item 2. do not answer items 4A and 4B. In such case, enter the sum of columns (2) and (3) 

of item 2 in item 4C.

A . N u m b er em p loy ed fu ll tim e in the p erform a n ce or ad m in istra tion o f R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T ......................... — -....... -.........

B. F U L L -T IM E E Q U IV A L E N T o f th ose w o r k in g p a rt tim e in th e p erform a n ce or ad m in istra tion o f

R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T ............................................................................................................................................................

C. T ota l (m a y o r m a y n ot a g ree w ith the sum o f colu m n s (2 ) an d (3 ) o f item 2 ) ................................................ ■■

5. P lease en ter below in line A th e tota l n u m ber o f p erson s on th e p a y r o ll(s ) o f the R E P O R T IN G U N IT w o rk in g as T E C H N IC IA N S . 

T h is sh ou ld be the sam e as th e en try f o r Ja n u ary 1962 in lin e lc on p a g e 1. In th e su cceed in g lin es en ter the n u m ber o f th ose 

T E C H N IC IA N S en g a g e d in each o f the in dicated occu p a tion a l g rou p s.

January 1962

A . T ota l T E C H N I C I A N S ....................................................................................................................................................................................

b. D r a f t s m e n ......................................................................................................................................................................................................

c. E n g in eerin g and p h y sica l scien ce t e c h n i c i a n s ...................................................................................................................

d. M edica l, ag ricu ltu ra l, and b io lo g ica l t e c h n i c i a n s ...................................................................................................................

e. O th er t e c h n i c i a n s ....................................................................................................................................................................................

6. O f th e tota l T E C H N IC IA N S rep orted in item 5, h ow m a n y sp en t th e g re a te st p rop ortion o f th eir tim e in

R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T ? .................................................................................................................................................................. ......................

7. P lease en ter th e fo llo w in g in fo rm a tio n p erta in in g to each u n it covered b y th is r e p o r t: (S e e d efin ition o f r e p o r t in g u n i t .)

A ddress of

I ncluded

E ach U n i P rin cipa l P roduct or Activity ok

R eporting U n it

Total E m plo ym en t of Reporting

U n it— Ja n u a r y 1960 (This

figure needed for technical reasons

in making national estimates.)

3

: 7 I , | i ; j ■

________ _______________ _________________________ J ___ ■: . .1 . : l 1____.

APPENDIX D

D E F I N I T I O N S

( I n o r d e r o f f i r s t u s e o f t e r m )

R E P O R T IN G U N IT .— I f p ossib le, th is qu estion n a ire sh ou ld be com p leted f o r th e u n it iden tified on p a g e 1, in clu d in g la b ora ­

tories attach ed to th e u n it (u n less a sep arate qu estion n a ire h as been received fo r a la b o r a to r y ). T h e u n it id en tified is u su ally 

en g a g e d in on ly on e, o r p red om in an tly one, in d u stry o r oth er ty p e o f econ om ic activ ity , and in m ost cases refe r s to one esta b lish ­

m en t a t a sin gle p h y sica l lo c a tio n ; h ow ever, i f the g eog ra p h ica l design a tion o f th e rep ortin g u n it is S tatew ide, th e re p o r t sh ou ld 

in clu d e all esta blish m en ts w ith in th e d esign ated State. I f possib le, th e u n it sh ou ld correspon d to th at rep orted to th e State 

E m p loy m en t S ecu rity A g e n c y f o r u n em p loym en t com p en sa tion p u rp oses. If it is not feasible' to supply separate figures for the unit identified on page 1, please follow one of the alternatives described below. A lte rn a tiv e A is p re fe r a b le to A lte r n a tiv e B . In 

a n y case, p lea se d escrib e th e u n it ( s ) covered b y th e re p o r t b y c om p letin g item 7 on p a g e 3.

Alternative A. I f y o u r com p a n y received q u estion n a ires f o r m ore th an on e u n it an d y ou ca n n ot su p p ly a sep arate r e p o r t f o r 

each u n it, g ro u p tog eth er th ose q u estion n a ires w h ich h ave th e sa m e in d u stry cla ssifica tion code n u m ber p rin ted to th e r ig h t o f th e 

u n it id en tification , and m ake on e r e p o r t f o r each such grou p . U se an y o f th e q u estion n a ires received , com p letin g item 7 on p a g e 3 

to in d icate th e u n its in clu d ed in ea ch in d u stry rep ort.

Alternative B. I f y ou ca n n ot su p p ly in fo rm a tio n f o r each o f th e u n its f o r w h ich q u estion n a ires w ere received , and A lte r n a ­

tiv e A is n o t fea sib le, m a ke on e companywide re p o r t f o r each industry in w h ich y o u r com p a n y is active. In clu d e re p o r tin g u n its 

f o r w h ich y ou received q u estion n a ires an d all oth er u n its o f y o u r com p a n y. C om plete item 7 on p a g e 3 in each case to in d icate 

th e c o v e r a g e o f th e rep ort.

O C C U P A T I O N A L G R O U P S

S C IE N T IS T S .— C ou n t as scien tists all p erson s a ctu a lly e n g a g e d in scien tific w o r k a t a level w h ich requ ires kn ow led ge o f 

p h ysica l, life , en g in eerin g , o r m a th em atica l scien ces equ ivalen t a t lea st to th a t acq u ired th rou gh com p letion o f a 4 -y ea r co lle g e 

cou rse w ith a m a jo r in on e o f th ese fields, rega rd less o f w h eth er th ey h old a co lle g e d eg ree in th e field. Inclu de th ose p erson s in 

resea rch -d evelop m en t, p rod u ction , m a n a gem en t, tech n ica l serv ice, tech n ica l sa les, and oth er p osition s w h ich requ ire th em to u se 

th e in d icated level o f kn ow led ge in th eir w ork . D o n ot in clu de p erson s train ed in scien ce bu t cu rren tly em p loy ed in position s n ot 

req u irin g th e u se o f su ch tra in in g . E xclu d e p sy ch o lo g ists an d socia l scien tists.

E N G IN E E R S .— C ou n t as en g in eers all person s actu a lly en g a g ed in ch em ica l, civil, electrica l, m ech an ical, m eta llu rgica l, and all 

oth er ty p e s o f en g in eerin g w o r k a t a level w h ich requ ires k n ow led g e o f en gin eerin g, p h ysical, life , o r m a th em atica l scien ces equ ivalen t a t lea st to th a t a cqu ired th rou gh com p letion o f a 4 -y e a r c o lle g e cou rse w ith a m a jo r in on e o f th ese fields, re ga rd le ss o f 

w h eth er th ey h old a co lle g e d egree in th e field. Inclu d e th ose p erson s in research -develop m en t, prod u ction , m a n a gem en t, tech ­

n ical service, tech n ica l sa les, and oth er p osition s w h ich requ ire th em to u se th e in dicated level o f k n ow led ge in th eir w ork . D o 

n ot in clu d e p erson s train ed in en g in eerin g , bu t cu rren tly e m p loy ed in p osition s n ot req u irin g the use o f su ch train in g. Inclu de 

arch itectu ra l e n g in eers; ex clu d e arch itects.

T E C H N IC IA N S .— C ou n t as tech n icia n s all p erson s a ctu a lly en g a g e d in tech nica l w ork at a level w h ich requ ires k n ow led g e o f 

p h y sica l, life , en g in eerin g , o r m a th em atica l scien ces com p arab le to k n ow led ge acqu ired th rou gh tech n ica l in stitute, ju n io r co lle g e , 

o r oth er fo rm a l p o st-h ig h sch ool tra in in g less ex ten siv e than 4 -y e a r co lle g e tra in in g, o r th rou gh equ ivalen t on -th e -jo b tra in in g or 

ex p erien ce. S om e ty p ica l jo b titles a r e : L a b o ra to ry assistan t, ph y sica l scien ce aid, and electron ic tech nicia n . Inclu d e all p erson s 

w o r k in g a s d ra ftsm en . A ll em p loy ees in p osition s req u irin g th e in d icated level o f k n ow led g e sh ou ld be in clu ded r e g a rd le ss o f 

jo b title and com p a n y d ep artm en t in w h ich em p loyed . E xclu d e cra ftsm e n such as m a ch in ists and electricia n s.

M A T H E M A T IC IA N S .— C ou n t a s m a th em aticia n s on ly th ose p erson s w h ose p osition requ ires k n ow led ge o f m a th em atics equ ivalen t a t lea st to th at acqu ired th rou g h a 4 -y e a r co lle g e cou rse w ith a m a jo r in m a th em atics and w h o spend th e g re a te st p rop ortion 

o f th eir tim e in d evelop m en t o r ap p lica tion o f m a th em atica l tech niqu es. Inclu de actu a ries and m a th em atica l a n a lysts. Inclu d e s ta tisticia n s an d p ro g r a m e rs f o r com p u ters on ly i f th ey sp ecialize in m a th em atica l tech niqu es. E xclu d e accou n ta n ts.

M E D IC A L S C IE N T IS T S .— C ou n t as m ed ical scien tists on ly th ose p h ysician s, den tists, pu blic h ealth sp ecia lists, ph a rm a cists, and 

m em b ers o f o th er scien tific p ro fe ssio n s con cern ed w ith the u n dersta n d in g o f hu m an disea ses and im p rov em en t o f hu m an h ealth , w h o 

spen d th e g re a te st p ro p o r tio n o f th eir tim e in clin ica l in vestiga tion and oth er research , p rod u ction , tech n ica l w r itin g , and rela ted 

a ctivities. E xclu d e p erson s w h o sp en d the g re a te st p rop ortion o f th eir tim e in p rov id in g care to patien ts, d isp en sin g d ru g s or 

services, d ia g n osis, etc., fro m all figu res on scien tists and en gin eers. P erson s w o r k in g as p a th olog ists, m icro b io lo g ists, ph a rm a ­

c o lo g ists, etc., sh ou ld be exclu d ed fr o m th e fig u res on m ed ical scien tists and in clu ded in the fig u res on b io lo g ic a l scien tists.

A G R IC U L T U R A L S C IE N T IS T S .— C ou n t as ag ricu ltu ra l scien tists all p erson s w h o spen d th e g re a te st p ro p o r tio n o f th eir tim e 

in u n d ersta n d in g an d im p ro v in g a g ricu ltu ra l p rod u ctiv ity , such a s th ose w o r k in g in a g ron om y , an im al h u sba n dry, fo re s tr y , h orticu ltu re, ra n g e m a n a gem en t, soil cu ltu re, an d veterin a ry scien ce. D o n ot in clu de v eterin arian s w h o are p rim a rily en g a g e d 

in p ro v id in g ca r e to an im als.

B IO L O G IC A L S C IE N T IS T S .— C ou n t as b iolog ica l scien tists all p erson s w h o w ork in scien ces w h ich deal w ith life p rocesses, 

oth er th an th ose classified as agricu ltu ra l and m ed ical scien ces. In clu de p a th olog ists, m icrob iolog ists, p h a rm a colog ists, b a cte rio ­

lo g ists, to x ic o lo g is ts , bota n ists, zo o lo g ists, etc.

4

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QUESTIONNAIRE APPENDIX D

P R I M A R Y F U N C T I O N S

R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T .— Inclu de in th is fu n ction th ose scien tists and en gin eers w h o sp en d th e gre a te st p rop ortion o f 

th eir tim e in ba sic and a p p lied research in the natu ral scien ces (in clu d in g m ed icin e) and en gin eerin g, and in th e d esign and d evelopm en t o f p rototy p es and p rocesses. D o n ot in clu d e p erson s w h o spen d th e g re a te st p rop ortion o f th eir tim e in qu a lity con trol, 

rou tin e p rod u ct testin g, m a rk et research , sales p rom otion , sales service, o r oth er n on tech n ical a ctiv ities o r tech n ica l services. I f 

the p rim a ry o b jectiv e is to m ake fu rth e r im p rovem en ts on th e p rod u cts o r p rocess, then th e w ork is research -develop m en t. If, 

on the oth er hand, th e p rod u ct o r p rocess is su bstan tia lly “ set,” an d th e p rim a r y ob je c tiv e is to d evelop m a rk ets, d o p rep rod u ction 

plann ing, o r g e t th e p rod u ction p rocess g o in g sm ooth ly, then th e w ork is no lo n g e r research -d evelop m en t.

E n ter in colu m n (2 ) o f item 2, th e n u m ber o f scien tists and en g in eers w h o spen d th e g re a te st p rop ortion o f th eir tim e p e rfo r m ­

in g resea rch -d evelop m en t activities, sp ecifica lly in clu d in g all su p erv isors w h o spen d m ore tim e on actu al resea rch -d evelop m en t w ork 

than on adm in istra tion o f research -d evelop m en t. Th e n u m ber o f p erson s w h o spen d m ore tim e on ad m in istra tion o f resea rch -dev elop m en t th an on actu al resea rch -d evelop m en t w ork sh ou ld be en te r e d in colu m n (3 ) o f item 2.

M A N A G E M E N T A N D A D M IN IS T R A T IO N .— C olu m n (3 ) a n d colu m n (4 ) o f item 2 should in clu de all p erson s w h o spend the 

g rea test p rop ortion o f th eir tim e in m a n a gerial o r ad m in istra tive w ork f o r w h ich a scien tific and e n g in eerin g ba ck grou n d con sisten t 

w ith th e ab ove defin ition s o f scien tists and en gin eers is n orm a lly requ ired. E n ter th e n u m ber o f scien tists and en gin eers en g a g ed 

in a d m in isterin g research -d evelop m en t in colu m n (3 ) o f item 2. E n te r in colu m n ( 4 ) o f item 2 th e n u m ber o f scien tists an d engin eers e n g a g ed in ad m in isterin g tech n ica l sa les and service, p rod u ction and op era tion s, and all oth er p h ases o f en g in eerin g and 

scien tific w ork . D o n ot in clu d e su p ervisors w h o spen d m ore tim e on one o f th e fu n c tio n s oth er th an m a n a gem en t and a d m in istra tion .

T E C H N IC A L S A L E S A N D S E R V IC E .— E n ter in colu m n (5 ) o f item 2 th e n u m ber o f scien tists and en gin eers in clu ded in c o lum n (1 ) w h o are p rim a rily e n g a g ed in tech n ica l sales w ork a n d /o r in p ro v id in g tech n ica l services d irectly to cu stom ers. Inclu de 

on ly th ose p erson s w h o q u a lify as scien tists and en gin eers a cco rd in g to th e ab ov e defin ition s o f scien tists an d en gin eers, and w h ose 

w ork in volves con ta ct w ith cu stom ers. D o n o t in clu de in colu m n (5 ) p erson s e n g a g ed in p ro v id in g tech n ica l s erv ice to an oth er 

p a rt o f th e p a ren t com p a n y. S cien tists an d en gin eers e n g a g ed in a d m in istra tion and m a n a gem en t o f tech n ica l sales an d service 

activities sh ou ld be cou n ted in colu m n ( 4 ) o f item 2.

P R O D U C T IO N A N D O P E R A T IO N S .— E n te r in colu m n ( 6 ) o f item 2 th e n u m ber o f scien tists an d en g in eers w h o spen d th e 

gre a te st p rop ortion o f th eir tim e on w o r k rela ted to th e p rod u ction p rocesses o r op era tion s o f th e re p o r tin g u n it su ch as in spection , 

q u a lity con trol, etc. Inclu d e scien tists an d en g in eers w o r k in g on d esign , a n a lysis, an d testin g activities th a t a re n ot p a rt o f research - 

developm en t. S cien tists an d en g in eers e n g a g e d in a d m in isterin g th ese a ctiv ities sh ou ld be coun ted in colu m n (4 ) o f item 2.

A L L O T H E R A C T IV I T I E S .— E n te r in colu m n (7 ) o f item 2 th e n u m ber o f scien tists and en gin eers w h o spend th e g rea test 

p rop ortion o f th eir tim e in fu n ction s n ot fa llin g w ith in one o f th e oth er c a teg ories in colu m n s (2 ) th rou g h (6 ) o f item 2; som e 

exam ples are ex p lora tion (lo c a tin g fu e ls an d oth er n atu ral r e s o u r c e s ), tech n ica l p u rch a sin g, m a rk et research , an d op era tion s research. S cien tists and e n g in eers e n g a g ed in ad m in isterin g th ese activ ities should be coun ted in colu m n (4 ) o f item 2.

B A S I C R E S E A R C H ( I t e m 3 )

B A S IC R E S E A R C H .— C ou n t as in b a sic resea rch th ose scien tists and en gin eers p e rfo r m in g o r ad m in isterin g resea rch -developm en t w h o spen d the g re a te st p rop ortion o f th eir tim e on resea rch p ro je c ts w h ich represen t orig in a l in v estig a tion fo r th e ad va n cem en t o f scien tific k n ow led g e and do n ot h a v e specific com m ercial o b jectiv es, alth ou gh th ey m a y b e in fields o f p resen t o r p oten tia l 

in terest to th e com p a n y. N o te.— B asic, o r fu n d a m en tal, resea rch as h ere defined is, in m ost esta blish m en ts, a v e ry sm all p a rt o f 

the tota l research an d d ev elop m en t effort, and th e n u m ber o f scien tists and en g in eers p rim a rily en g a g e d in b a sic research is u su ally 

v ery sm all.

F U L L - T I M E E Q U I V A L E N T ( I t e m 4 )

F U L L -T IM E E Q U IV A L E N T .— P a rt-tim e w ork in research o r d evelop m en t con verted in to fu ll-tim e u n its, each u n it equ a lin g 

the n u m ber o f h ou rs n orm a lly w ork ed p er w eek in re p o r tin g un it. F o r exam p le, tw o em p loy ees, each n orm a lly w o r k in g in research - 

developm en t h a lf th e n orm al w ork w eek , w ou ld equ al one “ fu ll-tim e equ iva len t” em p loyee.

5

Abbreviated sample of completed item 2. E n tries in colu m n s (2 ) th rou gh (7 ) add h orizon ta lly to correspon d in g en tries in c o lum n ( 1 ) . S im ila rly, en tries in lin es b th rou gh k add v e rtica lly to correspon d in g en tries in line A . F ra ction s and p ercen tages are 

n ot used, an d “ 0 ” is en tered in all sp aces w h ich do n ot ap p ly to th e re p o r tin g unit. In th is illu stra tion , colu m n h ead in gs h ave been 

om itted .

OCCUPATION PRIMARY FUNCTION

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) <«) (7)

A . T ota l S C IE N T IS T S

an d E N G IN E E R S 379 i i 2 30 11 5 165 56

b. E N G IN E E R S . . . 340 100 25 10 5 150 50

c . C h e m i s t s ...................... 36 10 5 1 0 15 5

j. B IO L O G IC A L

S C IE N T IS T S . . . 2 2 0 0 0 0 0

k. O th er S C IE N T IS T S . 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962-0-624886

85-

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COVERING LETTERS APPENDIX D

U . S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S

W a s h i n g t o n 25, P.C.

U . S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S

W a s h i n g t o n 25, D.C.

In reply please 

refer to No. 341

Gentlemen:

The Bureau of Labor Statistics is conducting a survey to provide 

data on the 1962 employment of the Nation's scientific personnel resources. 

This information provides a basis for evaluating the country's current 

scientific and technical manpower, resources and serves as a guide in developing programs to strengthen the Nation's scientific potential.

This survey is being conducted, as in 1961, on an establishment 

basis. If your company is made up of several plants or establishments you 

may receive more than one questionnaire. Each establishment for which a 

report is requested has been selected in a carefully drawn sample. A reply 

i 8 needed for each designated reporting unit, even if the unit does not 

employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians. However, if it is not 

feasible to send in a separate report for each unit, please follow one of 

the alternative reporting procedures described on page 4 of the questionnaire.

Your cooperation in providing the information requested in the enclosed questionnaire is of great importance to the success of this undertaking, 

The data you supply will be held in strict confidence, and published information will not permit identification of data for reporting units or their 

parent companies. The second copy of the questionnaire is for your files.

Your company m ay also receive a questionnaire on research-development 

expenditures in 1961 (Census Form Number RJL1). This survey is being conducted for the National Science Foundation by the Bureau of the Census and 

will yield information o n the amount of funds expended for research-development activities in industry. It also contains a question on personnel in 

research-development which m a y be used to relate the two surveys.

We shall be extremely grateful for a prompt response to the enclosed 

questionnaires. If you have questions regarding coverage or the interpretation of the questionnaire, please call Mr. Sutherland of our Washington staff 

(Executive 3-2420, extension 2477) or write to me.

Sincerely yours,

Ewan Clague (J

Commissioner of Labor Statistics

In reply please 

refer to No. 341

Gentlemen:

Several weeks ago we wrote you regarding a survey of scientific 

and technical personnel which is being conducted by this Bureau to provide data on the 1962 employment of the Nation's scientific manpower 

resources. We wish to thank you for the questionnaires which have been 

returned to us. However, we have not received reports for some of the 

units for which we sent questionnaires. Implicate questionnaire(s) for 

these units are enclosed, Including a copy of each for your files.

It is of great importance to the success of this undertaking that 

we receive reports from all of your establishments. Each establishment 

for which a report is.requested has been selected in a carefully drawn 

sample. A reply is needed for each designated reporting unit, even if 

the unit does not employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians. 

However, if it is not feasible to send in a separate report for each unit, 

please follow one of the alternative reporting procedures described on 

page 4 of the questionnaire. The data you supply will be held in strict 

confidence, and published information will not permit identification of 

data for reporting units or their parent companies. The second copy of 

the questionnaire is for your files.

We shall be extremely grateful for a prompt response to this 

survey. If you have questions regarding coverage or the interpretation 

of the questionnaire, please call Mr. Sutherland of our Washington staff 

(Executive 3-2420, extension 2477) or write to me.

Sincerely yours,

Ewan Clague 9

Commissioner of Labor Statistics

Enclosures

Enclosures

- 8 6 - ☆ U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E : 1964 O - 73 6- 65 4

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