Labor and Material

Requirements for

Hospital and Nursing

Home Construction

BULLETIN 1691

U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

BUREAU OF LABOR STATIS TIC S

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Labor and Material

Requirements for

Hospital and Nursing

Home Construction

B U L L E T I N 1 6 9 1

U . S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R 

J. D. H o d g s o n , S e c r e t a r y

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 

Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner

1 9 7 1

F o r s a l e b y t h e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . - P r i c e 60 c e n t s

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
P r e fa c e

The f o l l o w i n g stu d y o f la b o r and m a t e r ia l re q u ire m e n ts f o r h o s p i t a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n i s one in a s e r i e s made by th e Bureau o f L abor S t a t i s t i c s 

o f v a r io u s ty p e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n th a t m ight b e a f f e c t e d by fu t u r e g o v e rn ­

m en ta l a c t i o n . I t i s co m p rise d o f h o s p i t a l s f o r w h ich c o n s t r u c t i o n was 

co m p le te d in th e m ain b etw een 1965 and 1 9 6 6 , and i s s i m i l a r t o an e a r l i e r 

stu d y made in 1959. O ther p u b lis h e d s t u d ie s in t h i s s e r i e s in c lu d e 

s c h o o l s , h ig h w a y s, F e d e r a l o f f i c e b u i l d i n g s , c i v i l w o r k s , p u b l i c h o u s in g , 

p r i v a t e o n e -fa m ily d w e llin g u n i t s , c o l l e g e h o u s in g , and sew er w ork s.

C o n s id e r a b le tim e i s r e q u ir e d t o c o n s t r u c t h o s p i t a l s , d e s ig n and 

draw sa m p le s , o b t a in c e r t i f i e d p a y r o l l s , t a b u la t e m an -h ou rs and w a g es, 

and v i s i t a l l s u b c o n t r a c t o r s who w orked on sam ple p r o j e c t s . N e v e rth e ­

l e s s , d a ta p r e s e n te d h e re i n d i c a t e tr e n d s in la b o r re q u ire m e n ts and a re 

u s e f u l in a n a ly z in g ch anges in la b o r and m a t e r ia l u sa g e o v e r p e r io d s o f 

tim e .

The B ureau i s e s p e c i a l l y g r a t e f u l f o r th e a s s i s t a n c e and c o o p e r a t io n 

o f th e P u b lic H e a lth S e r v ic e o f th e D epartm ent o f H e a lth , E d u c a tio n , and 

W e lfa r e and th e D epartm ent o f H ea lth o f th e v a r io u s S t a t e s th a t p r o v id e d 

d a ta f o r d e te rm in in g d i r e c t la b o r r e q u ir e m e n ts . The Bureau a ls o 

a p p r e c ia t e s th e c o o p e r a t io n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s who p r o v id e d 

a d d i t i o n a l d i r e c t la b o r and m a t e r ia ls d a ta .

The stu d y was p re p a re d in th e B u reau ’ s O f f i c e o f P r o d u c t i v i t y and 

T e c h n o lo g y . The t e x t was w r i t t e n by M artha F arn sw orth R ic h e . D ata 

w ere p re p a re d under th e d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n o f R o b e rt B a ll and 

J osep h T. F in n .

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C o n te n ts

Page

I n t r o d u c t i o n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

N a t u r e o f s u r v e y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

H i g h l i g h t s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2

Some o t h e r h i g h l i g h t s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

B u i l d i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

O n s i t e m a n -h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

R e q u i r e m e n t s b y o c c u p a t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

A p p r e n t i c e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

G e n e r a l an d s p e c i a l t r a d e c o n t r a c t o r s 1 s h a r e s ------------------------------------------ 9

C o s t c o m p o n e n t s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 0

D i r e c t wage c o s t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10

O f f s i t e e m p lo y m e n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12

B u i l d e r s ' o f f s i t e e m p lo y m e n t ------------------------------------------- 13

M a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p lo y m e n t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13

E m ploym en t i n o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

C o n s t r u c t i o n t i m e ----------------------------------------------------------- 14

Employment b y c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r io d --------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

C o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

A p p en d ix :

S c o p e and m e t h o d o f s u r v e y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20

S u rvey c o v e r a g e —----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

M a n -h o u r e s t i m a t e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

Tab l e s :

1 . M an-hours p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t and p e r $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t

c o s t f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n --------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2. Number and c o s t o f h o s p i t a l and n u r s in g home c o n s t r u c t i o n

p r o j e c t s , by s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and r e g io n ---------------------- 23

3. O n s ite m an-hour re q u ire m e n ts f o r h o s p i t a l and n u r s in g home

c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s , by s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and 

r e g i o n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

4. O n s ite m an-hour re q u ire m e n ts p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l

and n u r s i n g home c o n s t r u c t i o n , b y o c c u p a t i o n an d r e g i o n —— 25

5 . M an-hour re q u ire m e n ts p e r $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n

c o n t r a c t , by o c c u p a t io n and r e g i o n , 1 9 6 5 -6 6 --------------------------------- 26

i i i

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C o n te n ts — c o n tin u e d

Page

6. A p p r e n tic e s as a p e r c e n t o f em ploym ent, by o c c u p a t io n

an d r e g i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27

7. P e r c e n t o f t o t a l m an-hour r e q u ir e m e n ts , by ty p e o f

c o n t r a c t o r and r e g io n ------------------- 28

8 . W ages a s a p e r c e n t o f c o n t r a c t c o s t -------------------------------------------------------- 29

9. A verag e o n s i t e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , by s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

a n d r e g i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30

10. M an-hour re q u ire m e n ts p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n 31

11. A verag e number o f w eeks f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n ------------------------ 32

12. H o s p it a l c o n s t r u c t i o n u se o f m a jo r m a t e r ia ls p e r 100

s q u a r e f e e t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

13. T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia ls p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t . o f h o s p i t a l

c o n s t r u c t i o n , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

14. T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia ls p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l

c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 --------------------------------------------------------------- 36

15. T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia l com pon en ts f o r each $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f

h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 6 5 -6 6 ------------------------------------------ 39

16. T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia l com ponents f o r ea ch $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f

h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 5 9 -6 0 ------------------------------------------ 42

17. T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia ls p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f n u r s in g

home c o n s t r u c t i o n , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45

18. T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r ia l com ponents f o r each $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f

n u r s in g home c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 6 5 -6 6 --------------------------------- 48

C h a r t s :

1 . T o t a l m an-hour re q u ire m e n ts p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l

c o n s t r u c t i o n by s e c t o r , 1 9 5 9 -6 0 and 1 9 6 5 -6 6 --------------------------------- 4

2. T o t a l m an-hour re q u ire m e n ts p e r $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t c o s t f o r

h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n by s e c t o r , 1 9 5 9 -6 0 and 1 9 6 5 -6 6 ------------- 4

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C o n te n ts— c o n tin u e d

Page

3. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s p e r

1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t , 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 and 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ------------------------------------------------ 11

4. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o n s i t e m an -h ou rs o f c o n s t r u c t i o n

la b o r f o r each $ 1 ,0 0 0 o f h o s p i t a l c o n t r a c t by d e c i l e o f 

c o n s t r u c t i o n t i m e , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16

v

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
LABOR AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HOSPITAL AND 

NURSING HOME CONSTRUCTION

I n t r o d u c t i o n

H o s p i t a l a n d n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n i s b e c o m i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y 

i m p o r t a n t f o r s e v e r a l r e a s o n s : ( 1 ) M e d i c a l k n o w l e d g e i s a d v a n c i n g ;

( 2 ) m o r e f a c i l i t i e s a r e n e e d e d a s p o p u l a t i o n g r o w s ; ( 3 ) p e o p l e e x p e c t 

m o r e f r o m t h e m e d i c a l c o m m u n i t y ; a n d ( 4 ) p e o p l e c a n p a y f o r e x p a n d e d 

s e r v i c e s a s i n c o m e s r i s e . E v e n t h o s e w h o c a n n o t a f f o r d b e t t e r h e a l t h 

c a r e h a v e g r e a t e r a c c e s s t o h o s p i t a l s a n d n u r s i n g h o m e s a s a r e s u l t o f 

M e d i c a r e a n d M e d i c a i d .

H o s p i t a l a n d n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n — p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e , p r o f i t 

a n d n o n p r o f i t — r e p r e s e n t s a g r o w i n g p r o p o r t i o n o f a l l n o n r e s i d e n t i a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s , i n c r e a s i n g f r o m 7 1 / 2 p e r c e n t i n 1 9 5 9 t o 

9 1 / 2 p e r c e n t i n 1 9 6 9 . T h e v a l u e o f t h i s f o r m o f c o n s t r u c t i o n r o s e 

f r o m $ 1 b i l l i o n i n 1 9 5 9 t o $ 3 b i l l i o n i n 1 9 6 9 .

D e s p i t e s u b s t a n t i a l e x p e n d i t u r e s a l r e a d y m a d e o n h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c ­

t i o n , t h e n e e d f o r h o s p i t a l f a c i l i t i e s o f a l l t y p e s i s s t i l l w i d e s p r e a d . 

A t t h e e n d o f 1 9 6 6 , t h e P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e r e p o r t e d t h a t S t a t e p l a n s 

f o r f i n a n c i n g n o n f e d e r a l h o s p i t a l s u n d e r t h e H i l l - B u r t o n h o s p i t a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o g r a m r e f l e c t e d a n e e d t o i n c r e a s e b e d c a p a c i t y b y 1 0 

p e r c e n t t o c o v e r c u r r e n t d e f i c i e n c i e s a s w e l l a s t o m e e t p o p u l a t i o n 

g r o w t h . I n a d d i t i o n , a b o u t o n e - t h i r d o f t h e e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s n e e d e d 

t o b e r e m o d e l e d o r r e p l a c e d t o c o n f o r m t o m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d s o f p h y s i c a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d p a t i e n t s a f e t y .

T o m e e t a t l e a s t p a r t o f t h i s d e m a n d , e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p u b l i c a n d 

p r i v a t e h o s p i t a l s a r e e x p e c t e d t o r i s e t o $ 4 b i l l i o n b y 1 9 7 8 , a c c o r d i n g 

t o t h e P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r v i c e . M u c h o f t h i s i n c r e a s e s h o u l d g o f o r 

a d d i t i o n s t o e x i s t i n g h o s p i t a l s , a s t h e H i l l - B u r t o n S t a t e a g e n c i e s a r e 

e n c o u r a g i n g t h e p h a s i n g o u t o f s m a l l e r f a c i l i t i e s i n f a v o r o f l a r g e r 

o n e s ( n e w o r e x p a n d e d ) t h a t a r e m o r e e f f i c i e n t a n d e c o n o m i c a l t o o p e r a t e .

T h i s s t u d y w a s d e s i g n e d t o m e a s u r e l a b o r a n d m a t e r i a l r e q u i r e m e n t s 

f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e l a t e 1 9 6 0 ' s . I n a d d i t i o n , b y c o m p a r i n g 

t h e f i n d i n g s f o r t h e c u r r e n t p r o j e c t s w i t h t h o s e o f a s i m i l a r s t u d y 

u n d e r t a k e n i n 1 9 5 9 a n d 1 9 6 0 , s o m e i n s i g h t s i n t o t r e n d s i n t h e s e r e q u i r e ­

m e n t s , o c c u p a t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s , a n d h o s p i t a l c o s t s c a n b e o b t a i n e d .

N a t u r e o f s u r v e y

T h i s r e p o r t i s b a s e d o n a s u r v e y o f s e l e c t e d p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e 

p r o f i t a n d n o n p r o f i t g e n e r a l h o s p i t a l s a n d n u r s i n g h o m e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e 

U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e m a j o r p a r t o f w h o s e c o n s t r u c t i o n t o o k p l a c e i n 1 9 6 5 

a n d 1 9 6 6 . D a t a w e r e c o l l e c t e d f o r 6 1 h o s p i t a l s a n d 1 2 n u r s i n g h o m e s ,

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
i n c l u d i n g b o t h n e w f a c i l i t i e s a n d a d d i t i o n s . T h e s a m p l e s r e p r e s e n t 

o n e - f i f t h o f a l l h o s p i t a l s a n d o n e - e i g h t h o f a l l n u r s i n g h o m e s b u i l t 

u n d e r t h e H i l l - B u r t o n p r o g r a m d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d . T h e e a r l i e r s t u d y 

c o v e r e d 4 6 g e n e r a l h o s p i t a l p r o j e c t s , t h e g r e a t e r p a r t o f w h o s e c o n ­

s t r u c t i o n t o o k p l a c e i n 1 9 5 9 a n d 1 9 6 0 , a n d d i d n o t i n c l u d e n u r s i n g 

h o m e s .

T h e s u r v e y s w e r e d e s i g n e d p r i m a r i l y t o d e t e r m i n e t h e n u m b e r o f 

m a n - h o u r s r e q u i r e d f o r e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 a n d f o r e a c h 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t o f 

h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . M a n - h o u r s i n c l u d e t i m e s p e n t b o t h a t a n d a w a y 

f r o m t h e s i t e ; t h e l a t t e r r e p r e s e n t e d e m p l o y m e n t r e q u i r e d t o p r o d u c e 

a n d d e l i v e r c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s .

H i g h l i g h t s

I n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 , 5 0 7 m a n - h o u r s ( o n s i t e a n d o f f s i t e ) w e r e r e q u i r e d t o 

b u i l d e a c h 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n — 7 p e r c e n t l e s s 

t h a n i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ( s e e t a b l e 1 0 ) . M a n - h o u r s r e q u i r e d f o r o n s i t e c o n ­

s t r u c t i o n d e c r e a s e d b y 6 p e r c e n t , o r a b o u t 1 p e r c e n t a y e a r . T o t a l 

m a n - h o u r s f o r t h e t w o s t u d i e s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s :

T a b l e 1 .

M a n - h o u r s p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t a n d p e r $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t c o s t 

f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n 1 /

1 9 6 5 - 6 6 1 9 5 9 - 6 0

P e r 1 0 0 

s q u a r e 

f e e t

P e r

$ 1 , 0 0 0

P e r ­

c e n t

P e r 1 0 0 

s q u a r e 

f e e t

P e r

$ 1 , 0 0 0

P e r ­

c e n t

T o t a l m a n - h o u r s ----------------- 5 0 7 1 7 8 1 0 0 5 4 4 2 1 0 2/ 1 0 0

C o n s t r u c t i o n ---------------------------- 2 4 6 8 6 4 9 2 5 8 1 0 0 4 7

O n s i t e ------------------------------------------ 2 1 7 7 6 4 3 2 3 0 8 9 4 2

O f f s i t e --------------------------------------- 2 9 1 0 6 2 8 1 1 5

M a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------------ 1 8 3 6 4 3 6 2 0 3 7 9 3 7

T r a d e , t r a n s p o r t a ­

t i o n a n d

s e r v i c e s ---------------------------- 5 1 1 8 1 0 5 0 1 9 2/ 9

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------ 2 6 1 0 5 3 3 1 3 6

1 / D u e t o r o u n d i n g , d e t a i l s m a y n o t a d d t o t o t a l s .

2 / T h e s e f i g u r e s w e r e r e v i s e d t o i n c o r p o r a t e c h a n g e s i n t h e

u p d a t e d i n p u t - o u t p u t m o d e l .

2

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C h a n g e s i n m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s r e f l e c t s h i f t s i n t h e r e l a t i v e 

i m p o r t a n c e o f h o s p i t a l s o f d i f f e r e n t s i z e s , t y p e , a n d l o c a t i o n a n d i n t h e 

m a t e r i a l s u s e d a s w e l l a s c h a n g e s i n p r o d u c t i v i t y d u e t o t e c h n o l o g i c a l 

a n d r e l a t e d i m p r o v e m e n t s . T h e a v e r a g e h o s p i t a l i n t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 s u r v e y h a d 

1 2 p e r c e n t m o r e f l o o r s p a c e t h a n t h e h o s p i t a l s b u i l t 6 y e a r s e a r l i e r a n d 

c o n t a i n e d f e w e r b e d s ( s e e c h a r t 1 ) .

I n d o l l a r v a l u e , t h e r e w e r e 1 7 8 m a n - h o u r s p e r $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t 

c o s t ; 8 6 m a n - h o u r s c a m e f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d 9 2 f r o m o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s . 

O n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n h o u r s w e r e 7 6 , o f f s i t e 1 0 . T h e e a r l i e r s t u d y f o u n d 

t h a t 2 1 0 m a n - h o u r s w e r e r e q u i r e d p e r $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f c o n t r a c t c o s t , o f w h i c h 

8 9 r e p r e s e n t e d o n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d 1 1 o f f s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n ( s e e 

c h a r t 2 ) .

S o m e o t h e r h i g h l i g h t s

— C o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t w e n t u p 1 0 p e r c e n t

— l a b o r a n d r e s i d u a l c o s t s c l i m b e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y , m a t e r i a l s 

o n l y a l i t t l e .

— H o s p i t a l s w e r e l a r g e r , w i t h f e w e r b e d s b u t m o r e f l o o r s p a c e .

— T h e r e w e r e m o r e a d d i t i o n s t o e x i s t i n g h o s p i t a l s , f e w e r n e w 

h o s p i t a l s .

— M o r e p r o j e c t s w e r e i n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s .

— O c c u p a t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s c h a n g e d l i t t l e .

— H o s p i t a l s t o o k l o n g e r t o b u i l d .

B u i l d i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

H o s p i t a l s . T h e a v e r a g e s i z e a n d c o s t o f t h e 6 1 h o s p i t a l p r o j e c t s 

s u r v e y e d i n 1 9 6 6 , c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e 4 6 s u r v e y e d e a r l i e r , w a s :

1 9 6 6 1 9 6 0

F l o o r s p a c e ( 1 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t ) -------- 6 3 . 5

C o s t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t ----------------------------------- $ 2 , 8 5 1

B e d s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 2

C o s t p e r b e d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 2 2 , 1 7 2

T o t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t --------------------------------------- $ 1 , 8 1 1 , 4 5 9

5 6 . 5 

$ 2 , 5 9 3

86

$ 1 6 , 9 4 7

$ 1 , 4 6 3 , 7 2 3

W i t h a 1 2 - p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e i n a v e r a g e f l o o r s p a c e a n d a 5 - p e r c e n t 

d e c r e a s e i n t h e a v e r a g e n u m b e r o f b e d s , t h e a v e r a g e c o s t p e r b e d 

i n c r e a s e d 3 1 p e r c e n t c o m p a r e d w i t h 1 0 p e r c e n t f o r t h e a v e r a g e c o s t p e r

- 3 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHART 1

TOTAL MAN-HOUR REQUIREMENTS PER 100 SQUARE FEET OF

HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION BY SECTOR, 1959-60 AND 1965-66

M A N - H O U R S 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0

CHART 2

TOTAL MAN-HOUR REQUIREMENTS PER $1,000 OF CONTRACT COST

FOR HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION BY SECTOR, 1959-60 AND 1965-66

- 4 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t . T h i s s h i f t p r o b a b l y r e f l e c t s t h e i n c r e a s i n g s o p h i s t i ­

c a t i o n o f t h e m e d i c a l c a r e p r o v i d e d i n h o s p i t a l s . L a b o r a t o r i e s , t r e a t ­

m e n t r o o m s , a n d s p e c i a l e q u i p m e n t t e n d t o t a k e u p p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y m o r e 

s p a c e a n d d i s p l a c e r o o m w h i c h w o u l d o t h e r w i s e h a v e b e e n s e t a s i d e f o r 

p a t i e n t s ’ b e d s .

R e f l e c t i n g d i f f e r e n c e s i n d e s i g n , t y p e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d l o c a ­

t i o n , i n d i v i d u a l h o s p i t a l s v a r i e d i n s i z e a n d c o s t . A t o n e e x t r e m e , o n e 

o f t h e n e w h o s p i t a l s s t u d i e d c o s t l e s s t h a n $ 3 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ' A o n e - s t o r y 

2 5 - b e d b u i l d i n g c o s t $ 2 , 1 8 9 p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t a n d $ 1 3 , 4 5 8 p e r b e d .

A t t h e o t h e r e x t r e m e , t h e s t u d y i n c l u d e d a s e v e n - s t o r y 3 5 0 - b e d 

h o s p i t a l t h a t c o s t m o r e t h a n $ 1 0 m i l l i o n . I t s c o s t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t 

w a s $ 2 , 2 2 4 — f a r b e l o w t h e a v e r a g e f o r t h e s t u d y a s a w h o l e , w h i l e i t s 

c o s t p e r b e d w a s $ 3 1 , 3 1 2 — w e l l a b o v e t h e s t u d y a v e r a g e . T h i s d i v e r ­

g e n c e o c c u r r e d b e c a u s e o n l y o n e o f t h e p r o j e c t ’ s f o u r b u i l d i n g s w a s a 

h o s p i t a l p e r s e ; t h e o t h e r s i n c l u d e d a n u r s e s ' d o r m i t o r y a n d a n u r s i n g 

s c h o o l .

R e v e r s i n g t h e p a t t e r n s e t i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 , p r o j e c t s i n t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 s t u d y 

w e r e m o r e l i k e l y t o b e a d d i t i o n s t o e x i s t i n g h o s p i t a l s r a t h e r t h a n c o m ­

p l e t e l y n e w :

N e w A d d i t i o n s

1 9 6 5 - 6 6 --------------------- 2 6 3 5

1 9 5 9 - 6 0 --------------------- 3 2 1 4

A d d i t i o n s w e r e n o t n e c e s s a r i l y l e s s i m p o r t a n t o r l e s s s u b s t a n t i a l 

t h a n n e w h o s p i t a l p r o j e c t s . O n e s e v e n - s t o r y a d d i t i o n c o s t $ 8 . 5 m i l l i o n 

a n d h a d a s q u a r e f o o t a r e a l a r g e r t h a n a l l b u t f o u r o f t h e n e w h o s p i t a l s . 

O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , a l l o f t h e s m a l l e s t p r o j e c t s , i n b o t h c o s t a n d s i z e , 

w e r e a d d i t i o n s .

O v e r 6 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e p r o j e c t s s t u d i e d w e r e i n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , 

c o m p a r e d w i t h a b o u t 4 3 p e r c e n t i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ( s e e t a b l e 2 ) . T h e s e h o s p i t a l s 

w e r e g e n e r a l l y l a r g e r a n d m o r e e x p e n s i v e t h a n t h o s e b u i l t i n n o n m e t r o p o l ­

i t a n a r e a s , m o s t l y b e c a u s e t h e y i n c l u d e d m o r e s p e c i a l i z e d o r b u i l t - i n 

e q u i p m e n t . T h i s e q u i p m e n t a s w e l l a s t h e s t r u c t u r a l f e a t u r e s n e e d e d t o 

a c c o m m o d a t e i t i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e c o s t o f t h e p r o j e c t s .

N e a r l y h a l f o f t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 p r o j e c t s h a d f i v e s t o r i e s o r m o r e , a n d 

m o r e t h a n a t h i r d h a d t w o t o f o u r s t o r i e s . N e a r l y h a l f o f t h e 2 0 p e r ­

c e n t t h a t w e r e s i n g l e s t o r y p r o j e c t s w e r e i n t h e S o u t h . B y c o n t r a s t , 

o v e r h a l f o f t h e 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 p r o j e c t s h a d o n l y o n e s t o r y ; t h e r e m a i n d e r w e r e 

d i v i d e d e v e n l y b e t w e e n t w o t o f o u r s t o r i e s a n d f i v e s t o r i e s o r m o r e .

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Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 p r o j e c t s w e r e n o t o n l y l a r g e r , b u t m o r e e x p e n s i v e . I n 

1 9 5 9 - 6 0 , f e w e r t h a n h a l f t h e p r o j e c t s c o s t a m i l l i o n d o l l a r s o r m o r e ; i n 

1 9 6 6 , m o r e t h a n t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e p r o j e c t s e x c e e d e d t h i s a m o u n t .

A d d i t i o n s a v e r a g e d $ 2 , 9 2 1 p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t , c o m p a r e d w i t h $ 2 , 7 5 9 

f o r n e w h o s p i t a l s ; b o t h o f t h e s e f i g u r e s w e r e 8 p e r c e n t h i g h e r t h a n i n 

1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . T h e h i g h e r c o s t o f a d d i t i o n s a p p e a r s a t t r i b u t a b l e m a i n l y t o 

g r e a t e r l a b o r r e q u i r e m e n t s , a s a d d i t i o n s u s u a l l y i n c l u d e s u b s t a n t i a l 

a l t e r a t i o n s a n d r e p a i r s .

E x c e p t f o r s t r u c t u r a l f r a m i n g , c o n s i d e r a b l e u n i f o r m i t y e x i s t e d i n 

m o s t h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n f e a t u r e s . R e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e w a s u s e d f o r 

f r a m i n g o n 5 9 p e r c e n t o f t h e p r o j e c t s , s t e e l o n 3 0 p e r c e n t . S t e e l 

f r a m i n g w a s u s e d i n t h e s a m e p r o p o r t i o n i n t h e 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 s t u d y , b u t r e ­

i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e w a s o n l y u s e d i n 3 7 p e r c e n t o f t h e p r o j e c t s t h a t y e a r . 

L o a d - b e a r i n g m a s o n r y w a s u s e d i n 2 8 p e r c e n t o f t h e p r o j e c t s i n t h e 

e a r l i e r s t u d y c o m p a r e d w i t h 8 p e r c e n t i n t h e l a t e r o n e .

O t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n f e a t u r e s w e r e m o r e u n i f o r m . M a s o n r y w a s t h e 

p r i n c i p a l e x t e r i o r w a l l m a t e r i a l i n 9 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e p r o j e c t s , a n d 

o v e r 8 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e m h a d e l e v a t o r s . O v e r 8 0 p e r c e n t w e r e f u l l y a i r 

c o n d i t i o n e d , t h e r e m a i n d e r w e r e p a r t i a l l y a i r c o n d i t i o n e d . A n d n e a r l y 

t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e p r o j e c t s h a d f u l l o r p a r t i a l b a s e m e n t s .

N u r s i n g h o m e s . I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o a n a l y z e n u r s i n g h o m e s i n d e t a i l , 

f o r a s a m p l e o f o n l y 1 2 p r o j e c t s i s s u b j e c t t o c o n s i d e r a b l e v a r i a n c e .

I n g e n e r a l t h e n , t h i s r e p o r t w i l l d i s c u s s n u r s i n g h o m e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 

o n l y w h e r e t h e y d i f f e r s u b s t a n t i a l l y f r o m h o s p i t a l p r o j e c t s .

T h e a v e r a g e s i z e a n d c o s t o f t h e n u r s i n g h o m e s s u r v e y e d w a s :

F l o o r s p a c e ( 1 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t ) --------------------------- 2 9 . 5

C o s t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t ------------------------------------------------------ $ 2 , 0 8 9

B e d s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 5

C o s t p e r b e d ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 9 , 4 3 6

T o t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t -------------------------------------------------------- $ 6 1 5 , 3 8 8

N u r s i n g h o m e s c o s t a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e - t h i r d a s m u c h a s h o s p i t a l s . O n t h e 

a v e r a g e , n u r s i n g h o m e s h a d a l m o s t h a l f a s m u c h f l o o r s p a c e a n d f o u r - 

f i f t h s a s m a n y b e d s a s h o s p i t a l s . D e s i g n e d f o r p o s t - o p e r a t i v e o r p o s t ­

h o s p i t a l c a r e , n u r s i n g h o m e s n a t u r a l l y a l l o t a m u c h g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n 

o f t h e i r f l o o r s p a c e t o b e d s f o r p a t i e n t s ( s e e t a b l e 2 ) .

A l l o f t h e n u r s i n g h o m e s w e r e n e w a n d t h e y w e r e d i v i d e d a b o u t 

e v e n l y b e t w e e n m e t r o p o l i t a n a n d n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . L i k e t h e 

h o s p i t a l s s t u d i e d , n u r s i n g h o m e s i n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s w e r e l a r g e r a n d 

m o r e e x p e n s i v e , t h a n t h o s e i n n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s .

- 6 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
O n s i t e m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s

H o s p i t a l s . E a c h 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t o f t h e h o s p i t a l s s t u d i e d i n 

1 9 6 5 - 6 6 t o o k a n d a v e r a g e o f 2 1 7 o n s i t e m a n - h o u r s t o b u i l d . 1 / T h e 

c o r r e s p o n d i n g f i g u r e i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 w a s 2 3 0 , a n i n c r e a s e o f 6 p e r c e n t .

O n e r e a s o n f o r t h e r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l d e c r e a s e i n m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e ­

m e n t s f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n m a y b e t h e g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f 

a d d i t i o n s r a t h e r t h a n n e w p r o j e c t s i n t h e l a t e r s t u d y . A d d i t i o n s 

n e e d e d 2 2 5 m a n - h o u r s p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t ; n e w p r o j e c t s o n l y 2 0 6 ( s e e 

t a b l e 3 ) .

H i g h e r m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a d d i t i o n s w e r e p r o b a b l y d u e t o 

a l t e r a t i o n w o r k o n a l r e a d y e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e s .

T h i s w o r k — t e a r i n g d o w n o r b r e a k i n g t h r o u g h w a l l , f l o o r , a n d 

c e i l i n g a r e a s — r e q u i r e d m o r e s k i l l e d a n d u n s k i l l e d l a b o r , s i n c e r a z i n g 

n e c e s s a r i l y p r e c e d e d r e b u i l d i n g . T h u s , a d d i t i o n s h a d a h i g h e r r a t i o 

o f l a b o r t o m a t e r i a l s c o s t s t h a n n e w h o s p i t a l s d i d .

S t r u c t u r a l c h a n g e s w e r e m i n o r f o r a d d i t i o n s t h a t w e r e d e s i g n e d 

m a i n l y t o a d d b e d s p a c e a n d n u r s e s ’ s t a t i o n s : T h e y i n v o l v e d t e a r i n g

o u t a n d r e b u i l d i n g w a l l s , a l o n g w i t h l i n k i n g t h e n e c e s s a r y s u p p o r t i n g 

f a c i l i t i e s ( p l u m b i n g , h e a t i n g , a n d e l e c t r i c a l ) t o t h e e x i s t i n g s t r u c ­

t u r e . O t h e r a d d i t i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n l a r g e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , h o u s e d 

n e w , e f f i c i e n t m e d i c a l , s u r g i c a l , a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e e q u i p m e n t . T h e s e 

p r o j e c t s s o m e t i m e s r e q u i r e d e x t e n s i v e c h a n g e s f o r t h e a d d i t i o n t o 

b e c o m e t h e c o r e o f t h e h o s p i t a l ’ s p a t i e n t s e r v i c i n g f u n c t i o n s .

H o s p i t a l s b u i l t i n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s r e q u i r e d m o r e m a n - h o u r s t h a n 

t h o s e b u i l t i n n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . L a r g e r h o s p i t a l s , w h i c h h a v e 

s p e c i a l s t r u c t u r a l f e a t u r e s s u c h a s r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e , a r e m o r e 

l i k e l y t o b e b u i l t i n c i t i e s .

O n s i t e m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e 1 5 4 p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t f o r 

n u r s i n g h o m e s c o m p a r e d w i t h 2 1 7 f o r h o s p i t a l s ( s e e t a b l e 3 ) . F a c t o r s 

d e t e r m i n i n g d i f f e r e n c e s i n m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s b e t w e e n n u r s i n g h o m e s 

w e r e g e n e r a l l y t h e s a m e a s t h o s e g o v e r n i n g h o s p i t a l s . N u r s i n g h o m e s 

r e q u i r e d m o r e m a n - h o u r s i n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s t h a n i n s m a l l e r a r e a s ; 

m o r e e x p e n s i v e p r o j e c t s , a n d p r o j e c t s t h a t u s e d r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e 

f r a m i n g a l l r e q u i r e d m o r e l a b o r t h a n o t h e r p r o j e c t s .

1 / T h e 1 9 6 0 s t u d y u s e d m a n - h o u r s r e q u i r e d f o r e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f 

c o n t r a c t c o s t a s i t s p r i n c i p a l m e a s u r e . C o m p u t e d o n t h i s b a s i s , 

m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s c a n n o t b e e a s i l y c o m p a r e d o v e r t i m e s i n c e 

p r i c e c h a n g e s t e n d t o d i s t o r t t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p .

- 7 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
R e q u i r e m e n t s b y o c c u p a t i o n

O v e r 7 0 p e r c e n t o f a l l o n s i t e m a n - h o u r s i n h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n 

w e r e w o r k e d b y s k i l l e d c r a f t s m e n . S e m i s k i l l e d a n d u n s k i l l e d w o r k e r s 

a c c o u n t e d f o r 2 6 p e r c e n t ; n o n p r o d u c t i o n e m p l o y e e s ( s u p e r v i s o r s , e n g i ­

n e e r s , a n d c l e r k s ) f o r 3 p e r c e n t ( s e e t a b l e s 4 a n d 5 ) . T h e r e w a s a 

s l i g h t i n c r e a s e i n s k i l l e d w o r k e r m a n - h o u r s o v e r 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 w i t h a c o r ­

r e s p o n d i n g d e c r e a s e i n s e m i - a n d u n s k i l l e d m a n - h o u r s .

T h r e e c r a f t s — p l u m b i n g , c a r p e n t r y , a n d e l e c t r i c a l w o r k — a c c o u n t e d 

f o r 5 4 p e r c e n t o f a l l s k i l l e d w o r k e r m a n - h o u r s : P l u m b e r s f o r 2 2 p e r ­

c e n t , c a r p e n t e r s f o r 1 8 p e r c e n t , a n d e l e c t r i c i a n s f o r 1 4 p e r c e n t .

A l t h o u g h m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r d i f f e r e n t c r a f t s v a r i e d f r o m p r o j e c t 

t o p r o j e c t , t h e o r d e r o f s k i l l r e q u i r e m e n t s w a s g e n e r a l l y t h e s a m e . T h e 

s a m e g e n e r a l h i e r a r c h y c h a r a c t e r i z e d n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n .

T h e r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e d e m a n d f o r p l u m b e r s r e f l e c t s t h e e x t e n s i v e 

w o r k r e q u i r e d b y h o s p i t a l s f o r g e n e r a l s a n i t a t i o n a n d n u r s i n g n e e d s , 

l a b o r a t o r y a n d t h e r a p y i n s t a l l a t i o n s , a n d l a v a t o r y a n d t o i l e t f a c i l i ­

t i e s . T h e d e m a n d f o r e l e c t r i c i a n s r e s u l t s f r o m t h e n e e d f o r e l e c t r i ­

c a l l y o p e r a t e d s u r g i c a l a n d m e d i c a l e q u i p m e n t , c a l l i n g a n d s i g n a l i n g 

s y s t e m s , a n d c o n t r o l s y s t e m s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e n e e d f o r l i g h t i n g 

e q u i p m e n t .

R e g i o n a l v a r i a t i o n s i n m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r d i f f e r e n t t r a d e s 

a r e c a u s e d b y d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n n e e d s a s w e l l a s w o r k p r a c t i c e s .

T h e h i g h e r p r o p o r t i o n o f a d d i t i o n s ( i n c l u d i n g r e l a t e d c h a n g e s t o e x i s t ­

i n g b u i l d i n g s ) w a s p r o b a b l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e l a r g e r n u m b e r o f 

c a r p e n t e r s i n t h e N o r t h e a s t .

A n u m b e r o f f a c t o r s b e s i d e s c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a f f e c t t h e 

r e g i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o c c u p a t i o n a l m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s . F o r 

e x a m p l e , w o r k c r e w o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n m a y v a r y a c c o r d ­

i n g t o t h e r e l a t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f l o c a l u n i o n s . I n a d d i t i o n , a v a i l ­

a b i l i t y o f l o w - p a i d l a b o r m a y d e t e r m i n e t h e e x t e n t t o w h i c h l a b o r s a v i n g 

e q u i p m e n t i s e m p l o y e d .

T h e s e f a c t o r s a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r t a n t i n t h e d i v i s i o n b e t w e e n 

s k i l l e d a n d u n s k i l l e d w o r k e r s . I n t h e S o u t h , u n s k i l l e d a n d s e m i s k i l l e d 

e m p l o y e e s a c c o u n t e d f o r 3 4 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l m a n - h o u r s , c o m p a r e d w i t h 

1 8 p e r c e n t i n t h e W e s t ; t h e p e r c e n t a g e s f o r s k i l l e d t r a d e s w e r e 6 2 a n d 

7 6 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y .

T h e p e r s i s t e n c e i n a l l r e g i o n s o f a r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e p r o p o r t i o n o f 

l e s s e r s k i l l e d w o r k e r s i s n o t e w o r t h y i n v i e w o f t h e c o m p l e x n a t u r e o f 

h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 6 p e r c e n t o f a l l o n s i t e m a n - h o u r s 

w e r e p r o v i d e d b y u n s k i l l e d a n d s e m i s k i l l e d e m p l o y e e s d e s p i t e c o n s i d e r a b l e 

m e c h a n i z a t i o n i n m a t e r i a l s h a n d l i n g , e x c a v a t i o n , c l e a n i n g , a n d s i m i l a r 

j o b s f o r m e r l y h a n d l e d b y l a b o r e r s .

- 8 -

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A p p r e n t i c e s

A p p r e n t i c e s i n f o r m a l , r e g i s t e r e d a p p r e n t i c e p r o g r a m s a c c o u n t e d f o r 

n e a r l y 5 p e r c e n t o f a l l o n s i t e m a n - h o u r s i n h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n i n 

1 9 6 5 - 6 6 o r n e a r l y 7 p e r c e n t o f s k i l l e d t r a d e m a n - h o u r s ( s e e t a b l e 6 ) .

T h e p r o p o r t i o n o f a p p r e n t i c e s w a s a b i t h i g h e r i n n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c ­

t i o n i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — n e a r l y 6 p e r c e n t o f a l l w o r k e r s , 8 p e r c e n t o f s k i l l e d 

t r a d e s m e n .

A p p r e n t i c e e l e c t r i c i a n s a n d t i l e s e t t e r s e a c h a c c o u n t e d f o r 1 2 p e r ­

c e n t o f t h e h o u r s w o r k e d i n t h e i r c r a f t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n t h a n i n 

o t h e r t r a d e s . T h r e e t r a d e s — e q u i p m e n t i n s t a l l a t i o n m e c h a n i c s , e l e v a t o r 

m e c h a n i c s , a n d o p e r a t i n g e n g i n e e r s — h a d n o a p p r e n t i c e s . T r a i n i n g i n 

t h e s e o c c u p a t i o n s i s u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d f o r m a l l y b y a s s i s t i n g a j o u r n e y m a n 

u n t i l t h e t r a i n e e i s f u l l y q u a l i f i e d . W o r k e r s i n a l e a r n i n g s t a t u s , 

w h e t h e r c a l l e d h e l p e r s , a s i n e l e v a t o r w o r k , o r o i l e r s , a s i n e q u i p m e n t 

o p e r a t i o n , a r e g r o u p e d w i t h " h e l p e r s a n d t e n d e r s " i n t h i s r e p o r t .

G e n e r a l a n d s p e c i a l t r a d e c o n t r a c t o r s 1 s h a r e s

E m p l o y e e s o f g e n e r a l c o n t r a c t o r s , a s i g n i f i c a n t n u m b e r o f w h o m a r e 

c a r p e n t e r s , a n d o f t h r e e s p e c i a l t r a d e c o n t r a c t o r s — p l u m b i n g a n d h e a t i n g , 

e l e c t r i c a l , a n d p l a s t e r i n g a n d l a t h i n g — a c c o u n t e d f o r 8 0 p e r c e n t o f a l l 

m a n - h o u r s r e q u i r e d t o b u i l d t h e h o s p i t a l s i n c l u d e d i n t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 s t u d y 

( s e e t a b l e 7 ) . T h e r e w a s p r a c t i c a l l y n o c h a n g e i n t h i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c 

b e t w e e n t h e 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 a n d t h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 s t u d i e s .

T h e g e n e r a l c o n t r a c t o r s ’ s h a r e o f a l l m a n - h o u r s w a s h i g h e s t i n t h e 

N o r t h e a s t . T h i s r e g i o n a l s o h a d t h e h i g h e s t r a t i o o f a d d i t i o n s t o n e w 

h o s p i t a l p r o j e c t s ; f o r a d d i t i o n s t h e a m o u n t o f w o r k r e q u i r i n g s p e c i a l 

t r a d e s m e n m a y n o t h a v e w a r r a n t e d u s e o f s e p a r a t e c o n t r a c t o r s .

P l u m b i n g a n d h e a t i n g a n d e l e c t r i c a l c o n t r a c t o r s t o g e t h e r a c c o u n t e d 

f o r 3 5 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s — 4 p e r c e n t m o r e t h a n i n 

1 9 6 0 . T h i s p e r c e n t a g e v a r i e d o n l y s l i g h t l y b e t w e e n r e g i o n s , r e f l e c t i n g 

t h e r e l a t i v e l y h e a v y d e m a n d f o r t h e s e s e r v i c e s i n h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . 

P l a s t e r i n g a n d l a t h i n g c o n t r a c t o r s a c c o u n t e d f o r 8 . 5 p e r c e n t o f a l l m a n ­

h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s — e v i d e n c e o f t h e a l m o s t u n i v e r s a l u s e o f p l a s t e r f o r 

i n t e r i o r w a l l s a s w e l l a s i t s w i d e s p r e a d u s e f o r c e i l i n g s .

E a c h p r o j e c t a v e r a g e d 2 6 p r i m e a n d s u b c o n t r a c t o r s — t h e s a m e a s t h e 

1 9 6 0 p r o j e c t s . H o w e v e r , t h i s n u m b e r v a r i e d c o n s i d e r a b l y w i t h t h e s i z e 

o f t h e p r o j e c t , a s l a r g e r , m o r e e x p e n s i v e o n e s r e q u i r e d a h i g h e r d e g r e e 

o f c o n t r a c t o r s p e c i a l i z a t i o n .

- 9 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
C o s t c o m p o n e n t s

H o s p i t a l c o s t s i n c r e a s e d b y a b o u t 1 0 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n t h e t w o 

s u r v e y p e r i o d s , a s s h o w n b y t h e f o l l o w i n g t a b u l a t i o n :

H o s p i t a l c o s t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t

1 9 6 0 1 9 6 6 P e r c e n t c h a n g e

T o t a l ---------- ------------- $ 2 , 5 9 3 $ 2 , 8 5 1 + 1 0

L a b o r --------------------------------------- ------------- 7 3 1 8 4 4 + 1 5

M a t e r i a l s ------------------------ ------------- 1 , 4 1 1 1 , 4 7 4 + 4

R e s i d u a l ---------------------------- ------------- 4 5 1 5 3 3 + 1 8

1_/ B a s e d o n r e v i s e d d a t a .

T h e r e s i d u a l c o s t r e p r e s e n t s o v e r h e a d w h i c h c a n n o t b e a t t r i b u t e d t o 

s p e c i f i c f u n c t i o n s . I t i n c l u d e s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f s i t e s a l a r i e s , 

e x p e n s e s o f c e n t r a l o f f i c e a n d y a r d o p e r a t i o n s , i n s u r a n c e a n d t a x e s , a s 

w e l l a s o t h e r o v e r h e a d a n d p r o f i t . P a r t l y r e f l e c t i n g i n c r e a s e d i n t e r e s t 

c h a r g e s l a t e i n t h e p e r i o d , t h e s e c o s t s w e n t u p 1 8 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n t h e 

t w o s t u d i e s ( s e e c h a r t 3 ) .

D i r e c t w a g e c o s t

W a g e p a y m e n t s t o o n s i t e l a b o r a v e r a g e d 2 9 . 6 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l 

c o s t o f t h e h o s p i t a l s s t u d i e d i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — t h i s p e r c e n t a g e w a s a b o u t t h e 

s a m e a s i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . 2J W a g e s a t n e w p r o j e c t s a v e r a g e d 2 8 . 0 p e r c e n t o f 

t o t a l c o s t , w a g e s a t a d d i t i o n s , 3 0 . 8 p e r c e n t ( s e e t a b l e 9 ) . T h i s 

r e f l e c t s t h e l a r g e u n i t m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a d d i t i o n s c o m p a r e d t o 

n e w s t r u c t u r e s .

A v e r a g e h o u r l y w a g e s r o s e b y 2 2 p e r c e n t o v e r t h e 6 - y e a r p e r i o d . 

S i n c e p r o d u c t i v i t y , a s m e a s u r e d b y t h e r e d u c t i o n i n o n s i t e m a n - h o u r s , 

i n c r e a s e d b y o v e r 6 p e r c e n t , u n i t w a g e c o s t s i n c r e a s e d b y 1 6 p e r c e n t . 

T r a n s l a t i n g t h e s e f i g u r e s i n t o a v e r a g e a n n u a l r a t e s ( c o m p o u n d e d ) , p r o ­

d u c t i v i t y r o s e b y 1 . 0 p e r c e n t a y e a r , a v e r a g e h o u r l y w a g e s b y 3 . 4 

p e r c e n t a n d u n i t w a g e c o s t s b y 2 . 4 p e r c e n t .

H i g h e r a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s w e r e g e n e r a l l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a 

h i g h e r a v e r a g e p r o p o r t i o n o f t h e c o n t r a c t g o i n g t o w a g e s ( s e e t a b l e 9 ) . 

T h e e x c e p t i o n s g e n e r a l l y r e s u l t e d f r o m c o n s t r u c t i o n d i f f e r e n c e s . F o r 

e x a m p l e , t h e a v e r a g e h o u r l y w a g e o f p r o j e c t s u s i n g s t e e l f r a m i n g w a s 

$ 4 . 0 4 ; t h i s w a g e w a s s u b s t a n t i a l l y h i g h e r t h a n t h e $ 3 . 8 9 a v e r a g e f o r a l l

2 / W a g e p a y m e n t s d o n o t i n c l u d e f r i n g e b e n e f i t s .

1 0 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHART 3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS

PER 100 S Q U A R E FEET, 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 a n d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 -

M a te r ia l Costs Declined but O n -s ite W a g e s and Residual Items

Increased Between the Two Periods

MATERIALS

1959 - 6 0

EQUIPMENT

1 .2 %

ON-SITEWAGES

RESIDUAL 

NOT OTHERWISE 

CLASSIFIED

ON-SITEWAGES

RESIDUAL 

NOT OTHERWISE 

CLASSIFIED

1 9 6 5 - 6 6

EQUIPMENT

1.3%

11

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
p r o j e c t s , y e t w a g e s o f s t e e l f r a m e p r o j e c t s r e p r e s e n t e d a s m a l l e r p r o ­

p o r t i o n o f c o s t s . T h i s d i s p a r i t y c a n b e e x p l a i n e d b y l o w e r t h a n a v e r a g e 

m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h i s t y p e o f p r o j e c t .

V a r i a t i o n s i n a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s p r o b a b l y s t e m m o r e f r o m t h e 

d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w o r k b e t w e e n m e t r o p o l i t a n a n d n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s t h a n 

f r o m a n y o t h e r f a c t o r . W a g e r a t e s t e n d t o b e h i g h e r i n m e t r o p o l i t a n 

a r e a s t h a n i n l e s s d e n s e l y p o p u l a t e d a r e a s i n t h e s a m e r e g i o n . T h e r e ­

f o r e , m u l t i s t o r y b u i l d i n g s , b u i l d i n g s w i t h s e v e r a l e l e v a t o r s , a n d 

c o s t l i e r p r o j e c t s i n g e n e r a l a r e a l l a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r a v e r a g e 

h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , s i n c e t h e s e p r o j e c t s a r e u s u a l l y i n u r b a n c e n t e r s .

T h e r a t i o o f w a g e s t o t o t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t v a r i e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y 

( s e e t a b l e 8 ) . A s i d e f r o m t h e a l t e r a t i o n w o r k t h a t g e n e r a l l y a c c o m p a ­

n i e d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a d d i t i o n s , s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s , s u c h a s s i t e p r o ­

b l e m s , o r u n u s u a l l a b o r a r r a n g e m e n t s , s u c h a s t r a v e l t i m e i n c l u d e d i n 

r e g u l a r h o u r l y r a t e s , i n c r e a s e d t h e d i r e c t l a b o r c o s t o f s o m e p r o j e c t s . 

T h e r a n g e o f w a g e s a s a p e r c e n t o f c o n t r a c t w a s :

W a g e s a s p e r c e n t o f c o n t r a c t c o s t P e r c e n t o f h o s p i t a l s s t u d i e d

1 9 6 5 - 6 6

U n d e r 2 0 . 0 0 . 0

2 0 . 1 - 2 2 . 5 9 . 0

2 2 . 6 - 2 5 . 0 1 2 . 3

2 5 . 1 - 2 7 . 5 2 2 . 0

2 7 . 6 - 3 0 . 0 1 8 . 7

3 0 . 1 - 3 2 . 5 1 7 . 5

3 2 . 6 a n d o v e r 2 0 . 5

O f f s i t e E m p l o y m e n t

E a c h m a n - h o u r o f w o r k a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n s i t e r e q u i r e d a p p r o x i m a t ­

e l y 1 1 / 3 a d d i t i o n a l m a n - h o u r s t o p r o d u c e a n d d i s t r i b u t e t h e m a t e r i a l s , 

s u p p l i e s , a n d e q u i p m e n t u s e d i n t h e h o s p i t a l s w h o s e c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s 

s t u d i e d i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 . T h i s r a t i o w a s a b o u t t h e s a m e a s i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ( s e e 

t a b l e 1 0 ) . T h e 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 p r o j e c t s g e n e r a t e d 2 9 0 m a n - h o u r s o f o f f s i t e 

e m p l o y m e n t p e r 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . B o t h o n s i t e 

a n d o f f s i t e m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s d e c l i n e d b e t w e e n t h e t w o s t u d i e s , b u t 

t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e m w a s m a i n t a i n e d b e c a u s e t h e y d e c l i n e d a t 

a b o u t t h e s a m e r a t e . T o t a l m a n - h o u r s i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g , t r a d e a n d s e r v i c e s , 

e t c . d r o p p e d 8 p e r c e n t , o n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n , 6 p e r c e n t .

1 2

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
O f f s i t e e m p l o y m e n t f e l l i n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g i n d u s t r y g r o u p s a n d 

c a t e g o r i e s : ( 1 ) C o n s t r u c t i o n : b u i l d e r s ’ a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e s t i m a t i n g a n d

w a r e h o u s i n g a c t i v i t i e s ; ( 2 ) m a n u f a c t u r i n g : a c t i v i t i e s p r o d u c i n g f a b r i ­

c a t e d a n d r a w m a t e r i a l s a n d e q u i p m e n t ; ( 3 ) t r a n s p o r t a t i o n : w a r e h o u s i n g

a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f f a b r i c a t e d a n d r a w m a t e r i a l s a n d e q u i p m e n t ; a n d 

( 4 ) a l l o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y a f f e c t e d b y t h e p r o d u c ­

t i o n o f f a b r i c a t e d a n d r a w m a t e r i a l s . ( I n t e r i n d u s t r y t r a n s f e r s e v e n ­

t u a l l y a f f e c t i n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s a g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y , a n d m i n i n g o f f 

t h e s i t e . )

S o m e p e o p l e w h o s e w o r k u n d o u b t e d l y c o n t r i b u t e d t o h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c ­

t i o n , b u t w h o w e r e n o t c o v e r e d b y t h e s t u d y , i n c l u d e d e m p l o y e e s i n 

a r c h i t e c t u r a l f i r m s , u t i l i t y c o m p a n i e s , a n d S t a t e a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t s .

B u i l d e r s ’ o f f s i t e e m p l o y m e n t

T h e s t u d y d i d n o t a t t e m p t t o m e a s u r e c o n t r a c t o r s ’ o f f s i t e e m p l o y ­

m e n t e x a c t l y , s i n c e i t w a s a l m o s t i m p o s s i b l e t o r e l a t e s u c h e m p l o y m e n t 

t o t h e p r o j e c t s u n d e r s t u d y . C o n s e q u e n t l y , b u i l d e r s ’ o f f s i t e e m p l o y m e n t 

i n c l u d e s w o r k d o n e n o t o n l y o n t h e p r o j e c t s s t u d i e d b u t a l s o o n t h e 

c o n t r a c t o r s ’ o t h e r p r o j e c t s .

T h e e s t i m a t e d 2 9 m a n - h o u r s f o r e a c h 1 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t o f h o s p i t a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n i s b a s e d o n t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e m p l o y ­

m e n t a n d t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t i n t h e g e n e r a l b u i l d i n g c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n 

i n d u s t r y . 3 / T h i s e s t i m a t e a l s o i n c l u d e s s e l f - e m p l o y e d c r a f t s m e n w h o m a y 

h a v e w o r k e d a t t h e s i t e .

M a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s i n o f f s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n b a r e l y c h a n g e d b e t w e e n 

1 9 5 9 - 5 0 a n d 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 . M o s t o f f s i t e m a n - h o u r s r e p r e s e n t w h i t e - c o l l a r 

e m p l o y m e n t , w h i c h c h a n g e s r e l a t i v e l y s l o w l y .

M a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p l o y m e n t

T h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e d e c l i n e i n o f f s i t e m a n - h o u r s b e t w e e n t h e t w o 

s t u d i e s t o o k p l a c e i n m a n u r a c t u r i n g — t h e e c o n o m i c s e c t o r m o s t a f f e c t e d 

b y h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n .

T h e s a m e i n d u s t r i e s p r o v i d e d m o s t o f t h e o f f s i t e m a n - h o u r s i n 

m a n u f a c t u r i n g f o r b o t h s t u d i e s : f a b r i c a t e d a n d p r i m a r y m e t a l s ; s t o n e ,

c l a y a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ; a n d m a c h i n e r y a n d e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s .

3 / A d m i n i s t r a t o r s , e n g i n e e r s , e s t i m a t o r s , a n d o t h e r s a l a r i e d 

w o r k e r s a c c o u n t e d f o r o v e r 1 4 p e r c e n t o f a l l e m p l o y m e n t i n t h e g e n e r a l 

b u i l d i n g c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n i n d u s t r y i n 1 9 6 5 .

1 3 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Changes in o f f s i t e m an-hour re q u ire m e n ts can r e p r e s e n t e i t h e r a 

change in th e demand f o r m a t e r ia ls p ro d u ce d in th a t in d u s t r y o r a ch ange 

in th e in d u s t r y ’ s p r o d u c t i v i t y . The m ost m arked d e c l i n e in o f f s i t e manh ou rs in m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s o c c u r r e d in f a b r i c a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s 

and prim ary m e t a ls . The u se o f m e ta l p r o d u c ts in h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n 

d e c l i n e s u b s t a n t i a l l y b etw een th e two s t u d i e s . O f f s i t e m an -h ou rs a ls o 

d rop p ed in th e s t o n e , c la y and g la s s in d u s t r y . T h is d e c l i n e was more o r 

l e s s e q u iv a le n t t o th e in c r e a s e in t h i s i n d u s t r y ’ s ou tp u t p e r m an-hour 

o v e r t h e 6 - y e a r p e r i o d . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , m a n -h o u r s r e q u i r e d t o p r o ­

du ce e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c ts u sed in h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n b a r e ly ch a n ged , 

d e s p it e a s i z a b l e in c r e a s e in o u tp u t p e r m an-hour in t h i s in d u s t r y .

T h is r e s u l t i s p r o b a b ly due to g r e a t e r u se o f th e s e p r o d u c t s in h o s p i t a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n .

Employment in o t h e r i n d u s t r ie s

O f f s i t e m an -h ou rs in n on m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s d e c li n e d by 7 .2 

p e r c e n t b etw een 1 9 5 9 -6 0 and 1 9 6 5 -6 6 . The m ost s i g n i f i c a n t drop to o k 

p la c e in t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and p a r a l l e l e d th a t i n d u s t r y 's in c r e a s e in o u t ­

put p e r m a n -h ou r; on th e o t h e r h an d, m an -h ou rs in w h o le s a le tr a d e and 

s e r v i c e s in c r e a s e d .

N u r s in g h o m e s . To b u i l d t h e n u r s i n g hom es s t u d i e d i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 

r e q u ir e d 375 m an-hours p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t b o th on and o f f th e s i t e .

The p r o p o r t io n o f on to o f f s i t e m an-hours was a lm ost th e same f o r 

n u r s in g homes as f o r h o s p i t a l s — o f f s i t e m an-hours w ere 57 p e r c e n t o f 

a l l h o s p i t a l m a n -h ou rs, 59 p e r c e n t o f a l l n u r s in g home m an -h ou rs (s e e 

t a b l e 1 0 ).

By and l a r g e , o f f s i t e m a n -h ou rs f o r n u r s in g home c o n s t r u c t i o n w e re 

d i s t r i b u t e d among th e v a r io u s i n d u s t r ie s in abou t th e same p r o p o r t io n as 

f o r h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n . The lum ber in d u s t r y was th e o n ly one th a t 

c o n t r ib u t e d m ore m an-hours to n u r s in g home than t o h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n .

C o n s t r u c t io n Time

On t h e a v e r a g e , n e a r l y 2 y e a r s — 91 w e e k s — w e r e r e q u i r e d t o b u i l d 

th e h o s p i t a l s s t u d ie d (s e e t a b l e 1 1 ). C o n s t r u c t io n f o r i n d i v i d u a l p r o ­

j e c t s v a r ie d from 43 to 200 w eek s. P r o j e c t s s t u d ie d in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 to o k 

o v e r 3 m o n th s l o n g e r t o c o m p l e t e t h a n t h o s e s t u d i e d i n 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 , w h i c h 

to o k a p p r o x im a te ly a y e a r and a h a l f , o r 77 w eek s.

C o n s t r u c t io n tim e v a r ie d n o t o n ly by s i z e o f p r o j e c t b u t a ls o by 

r e g io n , due to d i f f e r e n c e s in c lim a t e . In th e N o rth e a s t and N orth 

C e n tr a l r e g i o n s , c o n s t r u c t i o n to o k fa r lo n g e r than in th e W est and th e 

S ou th . Only in th e W est d id c o n s t r u c t i o n tim e rem ain n ea r th e 1 9 5 9 -6 0 

l e v e l .

- 14 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N u rsin g hom es, w h ich w ere s m a lle r on th e a v e ra g e th an th e h o s p i t a l 

p r o j e c t s , to o k an a v e ra g e o f 58 weeks t o b u i l d .

Employment by c o n s t r u c t i o n p e r io d

To f i n d a t y p i c a l em ploym ent p a t t e r n f o r p r o j e c t s o f a l l s i z e s , 

c o n s t r u c t i o n tim e f o r each h o s p i t a l was d iv id e d in t o 10 e q u a l p a r t s .

F o r e x a m p le , 10 1 1 /2 - m o n t h p e r i o d s w e r e u s e d f o r a h o s p i t a l t h a t was 

c o n s t r u c t e d in 15 m onths. A c c o r d in g t o t h i s m eth od , m an-hours r e q u ir e d 

t o c o n s t r u c t h o s p i t a l s in t h i s s tu d y , by d e c i l e , w e re :

1 s t ........... 3 .8 6 t h ........... 1 4 .0

2 d .............. 8 .2 7 t h ........... 1 2 .5

3 d .............. 1 0 .7 8 t h ........... 1 0 .7

4 t h ........... 1 3 .3 9 t h ........... 8 .0

5 t h ........... 1 4 .9 1 0 t h ........... 3 .9

R e l a t i v e l y few m an -h ou rs w ere n eed ed a t th e b e g in n in g o f th e p r o ­

j e c t s ; demand b u i l t t o a peak in th e f i f t h p e r io d and th en d rop p ed 

s h a r p ly in th e l a s t two ( s e e c h a r t 4 ) . T h is p a t t e r n was m ore o r l e s s 

th e same as in 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . S e v e n t y -s ix p e r c e n t o f th e o n s i t e em ploym ent 

was a s s ig n a b le t o th e t h ir d th rou gh th e e ig h t h p e r i o d s , o r th e m id d le 

60 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n tim e . A bout 4 p e r c e n t o f th e manh ou rs f e l l in b o th th e f i r s t and th e l a s t p e r io d s .

C o n s t r u c t io n M a t e r ia ls

M a t e r ia ls c o s t 4 p e r c e n t m ore f o r ea ch 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l 

c o n s t r u c t i o n in 1 9 6 5-66 than in 1 9 5 9 -6 0 . T hese c o s t s w ent up much l e s s 

than d id la b o r o r r e s i d u a l c o s t s — th e o t h e r c o s t com p on en ts. C onseq u e n t ly , m a t e r ia ls a cco u n te d f o r a s m a lle r p r o p o r t io n o f th e t o t a l c o s t

o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 .

M a t e r i a l s a s p e r c e n t o f p r o j e c t c o s t 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ^

A l l p r o j e c t s 2 / ------------------------------ 5 1 .7 5 4 .4

New--------------------------------------------------- 5 2 .4 5 5 .7

A d d it io n s -------------------------------------- 5 1 .2 5 1 .3

1 / B ased on r e v is e d d a ta .

2 / The p e r c e n ta g e shown h e re i s h ig h e r than th a t shown in 

c h a r t 3 on p age 12. The l a t t e r was lo w e re d o n e -t e n t h o f one 

p e r c e n t so th a t m a t e r i a l s , l a b o r , equ ipm en t and r e s id u a l w ou ld 

e q u a l 1 0 0 .0 p e r c e n t f o r g r a p h ic p r e s e n t a t i o n .

15 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CHART 4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF ON-SITE M A N -H O U R S OF

CONSTRUCTION LABOR FOR EACH $1,000 OF HOSPITAL

CONTRACT BY DECILE OF CO NSTRUCTION TIME, 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 -

Seventy-six Percent of the On-site Labor was Performed

in the M id d le Six Periods

PERCENT OF ON-SITE 

MAN HOURS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DECILES OF CONSTRUCTION TIME

16

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M a t e r ia ls f i g u r e s in c l u d e d e p r e c i a t i o n ch a rg e s o r r e n t a l c o s t s f o r 

c o n s t r u c t i o n equipm ent u s e d , as w e l l as c o s t s o f s u p p lie s consum ed. They 

a l s o in c lu d e m a t e r ia ls o r f i x e d equ ipm en t in c o r p o r a t e d in th e s t r u c t u r e s . 

U n fo r t u n a t e ly , a good d e f l a t o r t o rem ove th e e f f e c t o f p r i c e ch ange from 

v a lu e change i s n o t a v a i l a b l e f o r th e c o n s t r u c t i o n in d u s t r y . C onseq u e n t ly , ch an ges in m a t e r ia ls c o s t s in c lu d e p r i c e m ovem ent.

T a b le s 13 and 14 show th e v a lu e o f th e m a jo r grou p s o f m a t e r ia ls 

u sed f o r each 100 sq u a re f e e t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n f o r b o th th e 1 9 6 5 -6 6 and 

th e 1 9 5 9 -6 0 h o s p i t a l s t u d i e s . 47 Each u n it o f c o n s t r u c t i o n r e q u ir e d 

a p p r o x im a te ly $ 1 ,4 7 4 w orth o f m a t e r ia ls in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 — a b ou t $60 m ore than 

in 1 9 5 9 -6 0 .

The r e l a t i v e im p o rta n ce o f m a t e r ia ls g rou p s changed l i t t l e betw een 

th e two p e r io d s . In b o th s t u d i e s , th e fo u r m ost im p o rta n t g r o u p s , in 

d e s c e n d in g o r d e r o f im p o r ta n c e , w ere m e ta l p r o d u c t s ; s t o n e , c la y and 

g la s s p r o d u c t s ; i n s t a l l e d eq u ip m en t; and e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c ts (s e e 

t a b l e 1 2 ). P lum bing m a t e r ia ls came n e x t in 1 9 6 5 -6 6 , fo l lo w e d by h e a t in g , 

v e n t i l a t i o n , and a i r c o n d it i o n i n g m a t e r i a l s ; i t was th e o t h e r way around 

in 1 9 5 9 -6 0 .

N ine s p e c i f i c m a t e r ia ls w ent up by 50 p e r c e n t o r m ore betw een th e 

two s t u d i e s :

Some o f th e s e ch an ges r e s u l t from a s h i f t in th e k in d o f b u i l d i n g s 

b e in g c o n s t r u c t e d . As tre a tm e n t f a c i l i t i e s becom e m ore com p lex and as 

h o s p i t a l s becom e l a r g e r , b u il d i n g s a re d e s ig n e d d i f f e r e n t l y and m a t e r ia ls 

re q u ire m e n ts ch an ge.

A n oth er e x p la n a t io n f o r change in m a t e r ia ls u se i s th a t p r i c e 

ch an ges ca u sed p r o d u c t s u b s t i t u t i o n . F or e x a m p le, c u t s t o n e , w h ich i s 

u sed f o r d e c o r a t i o n , seem s t o have b een su p p la n te d by ch e a p e r a lt e r n a ­

t i v e s su ch as p r e c a s t c o n c r e t e .

4 / To a llo w com p a rison w ith p r e v io u s s t u d i e s , m a t e r ia l c o s t s p e r 

$ 1 ,0 0 0 o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t a re shown in t a b le s 15 and 16.

Rough and d r e s s lum ber 

P r e c a s t c o n c r e t e p r o d u c ts 

Aluminum s h e e t m e ta l 

G a lv a n iz e d s h e e t m e ta l 

Pumps

O il b u rn e rs

P neu m atic tu b e system s

In te rco m s and f i r e 

alarm d e v ic e s 

C om pressed a i r and 

oxygen system s

17

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Change in m a t e r ia ls u se may a l s o r e s u l t from new p r o d u c ts o r new 

te c h n iq u e s . H ea tin g equ ipm en t th a t in c lu d e s tem p era tu re c o n t r o l d e v ic e s 

as an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f th e u n it w ou ld a c c o u n t f o r th e n e a r ly 2 0 -p e r c e n t 

d e c l i n e in th e u se o f te m p e ra tu re c o n t r o l s .

In any e v e n t , s e v e r a l c l e a r c u t s u b s t i t u t i o n s to o k p la c e betw een th e 

two s u r v e y s . Movement from lo a d b e a r in g m asonry t o r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e 

b u il d i n g s was p ro n o u n ce d . In c r e a s e d a i r c o n d it i o n i n g p a r a l l e l e d a 

d e c l i n e in th e u se o f w in dow s. Use o f i n s t a l l e d equ ipm en t a ls o in c r e a s e d . 

F i n a l l y , m ore e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c ts r e s u lt e d from m ore a i r c o n d it i o n i n g and 

i n s t a l l e d eq u ip m en t, b e ca u s e th e s e m a t e r ia ls o f t e n r e q u ir e s p e c i a l 

e l e c t r i c w ir in g .

T a b le 12. H o s p it a l c o n s t r u c t i o n 

Use o f m a jor m a t e r ia ls p er 100 sq u a re f e e t

V alu e o f m a t e r ia ls

M ajor ty p e o f m a t e r ia l 1960 1966

V a lu e P e r c e n t V alu e P e r c e n t

Lumber and lum ber p r o d u c ts 5 9 .5 1 4 .2 6 8 .6 2 4 .6

S to n e , c la y and g la s s p r o d u c t s — 2 7 3 .3 3 1 9 .4 2 6 7 .0 1 1 8 .1

M eta l p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------------

H e a tin g , v e n t i l a t i n g and a i r

3 7 1 .8 9 2 6 .4 3 3 7 .3 3 2 2 .9

c o n d it i o n i n g equ ip m en t----------------- 1 3 8 .5 3 9 .8 1 4 3 .7 9 9 .8

E l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s ----------------------------- 1 5 4 .7 5 1 1 .0 1 8 0 .2 3 1 2 .2

Plum bing p r o d u c t s --------------------------------- 1 2 2 .8 8 8 .7 1 5 2 .2 6 1 0 .3

I n s t a l l e d e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------- 2 2 9 . 3 8 1 6 .2 2 3 7 .9 8 1 6 .1

O th er ------------------------------------------------------------ 6 0 .7 2 4 .3 8 7 .0 4 5 .9

T o t a l ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ,4 1 0 .9 9 1 0 0 .0 1 ,4 7 4 .2 6 1 0 0 .0

N u r s i n g h o m e s . N u r s i n g hom es b u i l t i n 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 u s e d an a v e r a g e o f 

$ 1 ,1 4 6 o f m a t e r ia ls f o r each 100 sq u a re f e e t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n . M a t e r ia ls 

thus r e p r e s e n t e d abou t 55 p e r c e n t o f th e t o t a l c o s t o f n u r s in g homes 

com pared w ith abou t 52 p e r c e n t f o r h o s p i t a l s .

M a jor g rou p s o f m a t e r ia ls w ere u sed in n u r s in g homes in a bou t th e 

same o r d e r as in h o s p i t a l s e x c e p t as f o l l o w s :

. N u r s i n g h o m e s , on a p e r c e n t a g e b a s i s , u s e d m o r e s t o n e , c l a y and 

g la s s p r o d u c t s ; h e a t in g , v e n t i l a t i n g , and a i r c o n d it i o n i n g eq u ip m en t; 

and lu m b e r p r o d u c t s . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e y u s e d l e s s i n s t a l l e d e q u i p ­

m en t, plu m bing p r o d u c t s , and e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c ts (s e e t a b le s 17 and 1 8 ).

18 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N u rsin g homes have f a r l e s s com p lex m e d ic a l equipm ent than h o s p i t a l s do 

c o n s e q u e n t ly , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f m a t e r ia ls e x p e n d it u r e , in c lu d in g 

lum ber and wood p r o d u c t s , g o e s to c o n s t r u c t th e b u il d i n g and a s m a lle r 

p r o p o r t io n t o i n s t a l l e d eq u ip m en t, as shown by th e f o l l o w i n g p e r c e n t 

d i s t r i b u t i o n :

Use o f m a jor m a t e r ia ls p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t

Type o f m a t e r ia l

Lumber and lum ber p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------

S to n e , c la y and g la s s p r o d u c t s ---------------------------

M etal p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------------------------------

H e a tin g , v e n t i l a t i n g , and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g

e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------------

E l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------------------------

I n s t a l l e d e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------—

Plum bing p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------------------------

O th er -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T o t a l -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- —

V alue P e rce n t

1 0 1 .8 7 8 .9

2 1 9 .1 6 1 9 .1

2 6 1 .1 9 2 2 .8

1 1 8 .4 4 1 0 .3

1 2 1 .5 5 1 0 .6

1 2 0 .9 6 1 0 .6

1 0 9 .7 1 9 .6

9 3 .3 6 8 .1

1 ,1 4 6 .2 4 1 0 0 .0

19 -

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A pp en dix

S cop e and M ethod o f Survey

M ost o f th e in fo r m a t io n in t h i s stu d y was o b ta in e d th rou g h v i s i t s 

to th e p r o j e c t s ch o se n t o r e p r e s e n t g e n e r a l h o s p i t a l and n u r s in g home 

c o n s t r u c t i o n d u rin g th e p e r io d s u r v e y e d . A d d i t io n a l in fo r m a t io n came 

from se c o n d a r y s o u r c e s su ch as th e Census o f M a n u fa c tu r e r s .

S urvey c o v e r a g e

The s u rv e y sam ple was drawn from g e n e r a l h o s p i t a l and n u r s in g home 

p r o j e c t s c o n s t r u c t e d w ith F e d e r a l a id p r o v id e d under th e H i ll- B u r t o n A c t. 

S in c e th e s e p r o j e c t s a re r e q u ir e d to f i l e r e p o r t s , d a ta n eed ed f o r th e 

stu d y w ere r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . T h is f a c t o r a c c o u n ts f o r th e e x c lu s i o n 

o f m e d ic a l f a c i l i t i e s c o n s t r u c t e d w ith o u t F e d e r a l a id . The o n ly o th e r 

e x c lu s i o n was s p e c i a l p u rp o se h o s p i t a l s , su ch as th o s e t r e a t i n g dru g 

a d d i c t i o n , e p i l e p s y , n e rv o u s and m e n ta l d i s e a s e s , and t u b e r c u l o s i s .

The u n iv e r s e from w h ich th e sam ple was drawn c o n s is t e d o f p r o j e c t s 

f o r w h ich c o n s t r u c t i o n b id s w ere open ed in 1963 and 1 9 6 4 , as r e p o r t e d 

in th e P u b l ic H ea lth S u rvey p u b l i c a t i o n " R e p r e s e n t a t iv e C o n s t r u c t io n 

C osts o f H i ll- B u r t o n H o s p it a ls and R e a lte d H ea lth F a c i l i t i e s . " The 

r e l a t i o n o f th e sam ple t o th e u n iv e r s e was th e f o l l o w i n g :

U n iv e rs e Sample

New h o s p i t a l s --------------------- 117 26

A d d it io n s ------------------------------ 206 35

N u rsin g hom es --------------------- 99 12

P r o j e c t s in th e u n iv e r s e w ere exam ined f o r th e f o l l o w i n g : ty p e o f

f a c i l i t y (new , a d d i t i o n , n u r s in g h om e), c o s t , and l o c a t i o n (g e o g r a p h ic a l 

r e g io n s 1 / and m e t r o p o lit a n o r n o n m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s ) . Sample p r o j e c t s 

w ere ch osen t o in c lu d e th e s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s in a bou t th e same p r o p o r t io n 

as th e y o c c u r r e d in th e u n iv e r s e .

1/ The S ta te s in c lu d e d in ea ch o f th e r e g io n s w ere as f o l l o w s : 

N o r t h e a s t — C o n n e c t i c u t , M a in e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , New H a m p sh ire , New J e r s e y , 

New Y o r k , P e n n s y lv a n ia , Rhode I s l a n d , and V erm on t; N orth C e n t r a l—

I l l i n o i s , I n d ia n a , Iow a, K an sas, M ic h ig a n , M in n e s o ta , M is s o u r i , N eb ra sk a , 

N orth D a k ota , O h io , South D akota and W is c o n s in ; S ou th — A labam a, A rk a n sa s, 

D ela w a re, D i s t r i c t o f C olu m bia, F l o r i d a , G e o r g ia , K en tu ck y , L o u is ia n a , 

M arylan d , M i s s i s s i p p i , N orth C a r o lin a , Oklahom a, South C a r o lin a , T e n n e s s e e , 

T e x a s, V i r g i n i a , and W est V i r g i n i a ; and W est— A r iz o n a , C a l i f o r n i a ,

C o l o r a d o , I d a h o , M o n ta n a , N e v a d a , New M e x i c o , O r e g o n , U ta h , W a s h in g t o n , 

and Wyoming.

2 0 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A l t h o u g h t h e s u r v e y d i d n o t c o v e r u n a t t a c h e d f u r n i s h i n g s a n d e q u i p ­

m e n t u s e d i n t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s , i t d i d i n c l u d e b u i l t - i n s t e r i l i z i n g 

e q u i p m e n t , X - r a y a n d d a r k r o o m e q u i p m e n t , p h a r m a c y a n d l a b o r a t o r y e q u i p ­

m e n t , a n d o t h e r i t e m s , s u c h a s e l e v a t o r s a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n s s y s t e m s .

O n s i t e l a b o r i n c l u d e d s u p e r v i s o r s , e n g i n e e r s , a n d c l e r i c a l a n d 

c u s t o d i a l e m p l o y e e s a t t h e s i t e , a s w e l l a s c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s . O f f ­

s i t e l a b o r i n c l u d e d o f f i c e a n d w a r e h o u s e e m p l o y e e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n 

c o n t r a c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s e n g a g e d i n t h e m a n u f a c t u r e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f 

m a t e r i a l s a n d e q u i p m e n t , a n d e m p l o y e e s i n o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s a f f e c t e d b y 

t h e p r o d u c t i o n a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s f r o m t h e r a w 

m a t e r i a l t o t h e f i n a l m a n u f a c t u r i n g s t a g e .

T h e s u r v e y d i d n o t c o v e r a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n e m p l o y m e n t . I t e x c l u d e d 

p r e p a r a t i o n o f p r o j e c t p l a n s a n d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , p r o d u c t i o n o f m o v e a b l e 

f u r n i t u r e a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e e q u i p m e n t , l a b o r t i m e i n v o l v e d i n 

i n s t a l l a t i o n s b y p u b l i c u t i l i t y e m p l o y e e s , a s w e l l a s a n y s i t e p r e p a r a ­

t i o n , l a n d s c a p i n g , a n d h i g h w a y w o r k n o t c o v e r e d b y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n 

c o n t r a c t . I t a l s o e x c l u d e d l a b o r g e n e r a t e d b y m o n e y s p e n t f o r c o n ­

t r a c t o r s ’ o v e r h e a d , o t h e r t h a n o f f s i t e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s a l a r i e s . T h e 

m a j o r p a r t o f s u c h o v e r h e a d c o n s i s t s o f e x e c u t i v e s a l a r i e s , p r o f i t , 

r e n t , b o n d s , i n s u r a n c e , t a x e s ( i n c l u d i n g p a y r o l l t a x e s ) , w e l f a r e p a y ­

m e n t s , a n d o f f i c e s u p p l i e s . E m p l o y m e n t c r e a t e d b y t h e s p e n d i n g o f w a g e s 

a n d p r o f i t s — t h e m u l t i p l i e r e f f e c t — w a s a l s o o u t s i d e t h e s c o p e o f t h i s 

s t u d y .

M a n - h o u r e s t i m a t e s

T o t a l m a n - h o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r h o s p i t a l a n d n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c ­

t i o n r e p r e s e n t a c o m b i n a t i o n o f e s t i m a t e s o f o n s i t e a n d o f f s i t e m a n - h o u r s .

C o n t r a c t o r s a n d s u b c o n t r a c t o r s w e r e i n t e r v i e w e d f o r c o m p l e t e n e s s o f 

o n s i t e m a n - h o u r s o b t a i n e d f r o m p a y r o l l s s u b m i t t e d u n d e r t h e D a v i s - B a c o n 

A c t . C o n t r a c t o r s a l s o f u r n i s h e d o n s i t e e m p l o y m e n t d a t a f o r o c c u p a t i o n s 

n o t c o v e r e d b y t h e D a v i s - B a c o n A c t , s u c h a s s u p e r v i s o r y , t e c h n i c a l , a n d 

c l e r i c a l p e r s o n n e l , a s w e l l a s s e l f - e m p l o y e d s u b c o n t r a c t o r s .

O f f s i t e m a n - h o u r s r e p r e s e n t t h e t i m e r e q u i r e d t o p r o d u c e a n d d i s t r i ­

b u t e t h e m a t e r i a l s , s u p p l i e s , a n d e q u i p m e n t u s e d i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . E s t i ­

m a t e s o f t h e s e h o u r s w e r e m a d e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e s :

— 1 . B L S f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o b t a i n e d t h e c o s t o f m a t e r i a l s 

f r o m c o n t r a c t o r s a n d s u b c o n t r a c t o r s . F o r t h o s e f e w c o n ­

t r a c t o r s w h o w e r e i n a c c e s s i b l e , e s t i m a t e s w e r e m a d e f r o m 

s i m i l a r j o b s .

2 1 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 .— T h e m a t e r i a l s w e r e c l a s s i f i e d i n t o c a t e g o r i e s 

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e f o u r - d i g i t S t a n d a r d I n d u s ­

t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n a s f o u n d i n t h e C e n s u s o f 

M a n u f a c t u r e r s .

— > 3 . T h e a v e r a g e a m o u n t o f m a t e r i a l s r e q u i r e d f o r $ 1 , 0 0 0

— 4 .

o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t c o s t w a s c a l c u l a t e d f o r 

e a c h g r o u p .

E a c h o f t h e s e a v e r a g e s w a s r e d u c e d b y a r a t i o 

r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e p r i c e a t 

w h i c h t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s o l d t h e m a t e r i a l s a n d 

t h e p r i c e t h e c o n t r a c t o r p a i d f o r t h e m — t h e d i f ­

f e r e n c e b e i n g a p p o r t i o n e d b e t w e e n t h e t r a d e a n d 

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s e c t o r s .

- - 5 . T h e b i l l o f m a t e r i a l s w a s d e f l a t e d t o t h e 1 9 5 8 

p r i c e l e v e l s o t h a t t h e 1 9 5 8 i n t e r i n d u s t r y s t u d y 

o f t h e O f f i c e o f B u s i n e s s E c o n o m i c s o f t h e 

D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e c o u l d b e u s e d .

— 6 . T h e s e v a l u e s w e r e m a t c h e d w i t h t h e i n t e r i n d u s t r y 

s t u d y t o d e t e r m i n e t h e t o t a l m a n - y e a r s o f e m p l o y - 

. m e n t r e q u i r e d i n e a c h o f 7 8 d i f f e r e n t i n d u s t r y 

s e c t o r s d u r i n g 1 9 6 5 t o p r o d u c e t h e m a t e r i a l s u s e d .

- - 7 . T h e m a n - y e a r s f o r e a c h i n d u s t r y w e r e m u l t i p l i e d 

b y t h e a v e r a g e a n n u a l h o u r s f o r a l l e m p l o y e e s i n 

t h a t i n d u s t r y a s f o u n d i n t h e L a b o r D e p a r t m e n t 

p u b l i c a t i o n , E m p l o y m e n t a n d E a r n i n g s S t a t i s t i c s 

f o r 1 9 6 5 .

— 8 . T h e s e m a n - h o u r s , b a s e d o n $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f c o n s t r u c t i o n 

c o n t r a c t c o s t , w e r e t r a n s l a t e d t o a b a s i s o f 1 0 0 

s q u a r e f e e t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n b y d e t e r m i n i n g t h e 

c o s t p e r s q u a r e f o o t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n .

E s t i m a t e s w e r e a l s o d e v e l o p e d f o r h o u r s w o r k e d o f f t h e s i t e b y c o n ­

s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t o r s ' e m p l o y e e s . T h i s e s t i m a t e i s b a s e d o n t h e d i f ­

f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f n o n c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s i n t h e g e n e r a l 

b u i l d i n g i n d u s t r y , a s r e p o r t e d i n t h e B L S e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s e r i e s , a n d 

t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f o n s i t e n o n c o n s t r u c t i o n m a n - h o u r s d e v e l o p e d i n t h i s 

s t u d y .

22

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b le 2. Number and c o s t o f h o s p i t a l and n u r s in g home c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s , by s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and r e g i o n

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

H o s p it a ls N u rsin g homes

U n ited S t a te s N o r th e a s t N orth C e n t r a l S outh West U n ite d S t a te s

Numb e r

Cost Der—

Numb e r

C ost p e r—

Numb e r

C ost p e r —

Numb e r

C ost p e r —

Numb e r

C ost )e r —

Numb e r

C ost uer—

Square

f o o t

Bed

(th o u ­

sa n ds)

S quare

f o o t

Bed

(t h o u ­

sa n d s )

S quare

f o o t

Bed

(t h o u ­

sa n d s)

S quare

f o o t

Bed

(th o u ­

sa n d s )

S quare

f o o t

Bed

(t h o u ­

sa n d s )

Square

f o o t

Bed

(t h o u ­

sa n d s )

A l l p r o j e c t s ---------------------------- 61 $ 2 8 .51 $22.2 15 $31 .87 $ 2 8 .9 16 $ 2 9 .5 6 $ 2 1 .8 2 0 $ 2 4 .5 5 $ 1 8 .2 1 0 $ 2 9 .5 6 $ 2 2 .8 12 $ 2 0 .8 9 $ 9 . 4

New--------------------------------------------- 26 2 7 .5 9 2 0 . 0 4 2 8 .6 1 2 0 .4 6 3 0 .5 5 2 0 . 1 11 2 3 .2 3 1 7 .5 5 3 3 .5 6 2 5 .7 12 2 0 .8 9 9 .4

A d d i t i o n s ------------------------------- 3 5 2 9 .2 1 2 4 .0 11 3 2 .3 3 3 0 .5 1 0 2 8 .9 1 2 3 .1 9 2 6 .8 5 1 9 .3 5 2 4 .8 8 1 9 .3 — —

In a m e t r o p o li t a n

a r e a -------------------------------------- 38 2 9 .9 0 2 3 .3 11 3 3 .9 5 2 7 .8 9 3 1 .5 9 2 3 .5 1 2 2 4 .7 8 1 9 .1 6 3 0 .2 6 2 3 .8 5 2 2 .2 9 1 0 . 0

Not i n a m e t r o p o li t a n

a r e a -------------------------------------- 2 3 2 5 .5 2 1 9 .8 4 2 5 .6 6 3 4 .1 7 2 6 .5 4 1 9 .3 8 2 4 .1 1 1 6 .7 4 2 6 .4 3 1 8 .7 7 1 9 .9 1 9 .1

Type o f fr a m in g :

S t e e l ---------------------------------------- 18 3 0 .5 6 2 2 . 0 6 3 5 .2 2 3 0 .0 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 5 2 4 .6 0 1 7 .0 5 3 2 .1 7 2 2 . 0 5 2 0 .6 7 9 .0

R e i n fo r c e d c o n c r e t e ------ 36 2 8 .0 9 2 2 .9 8 3 0 .3 9 2 8 .6 12 3 0 .4 8 2 3 .1 12 2 4 .6 7 1 9 .2 4 2 6 .0 4 2 5 .0 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

C o m b i n a t i o n -------------------------- 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) — — 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) — — 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

Load b e a r in g m a son ry— 5 2 2 .7 6 1 3 .5 — — — 2 (1/) ( 1 / ) 2 (I/) (I/) 1 (I/) ( 1 / ) 5 1 9 .0 2 9 .1

1 s t o r y ---------------------------------------- 12 2 3 .1 6 1 5 .0 3 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 5 2 1 .5 3 1 3 .8 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 9 1 9 .3 9 8 . 8

2 -4 s t o r i e s ------------------------------ 22 2 7 .5 1 2 1 .5 7 2 9 .5 7 2 7 .9 7 2 8 .3 9 2 1 . 0 6 2 5 .2 9 1 9 .9 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 3 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

5 and a b o v e ------------------------------ 2 7 3 0 .1 5 2 4 .3 5 3 4 .0 7 3 0 .8 7 3 2 .3 0 2 4 .5 9 2 4 .8 9 1 8 .5 6 3 0 .9 6 2 6 .9 —

—

E l e v a t o r -------------------------------------- 52 2 9 .0 5 2 3 .2 13 3 1 .9 1 2 9 .2 15 3 0 .2 0 2 2 . 8 17 2 4 .9 2 1 8 .5 7 3 0 .7 7 2 6 .5 6 2 2 .4 1 9 .8

No e l e v a t o r ------------------------------- 9 2 2 .5 5 1 3 .5 2 ( 1 / ) (1/) 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 3 ( 1 / ) (I/) 3 ( 1 / ) (1/) 6 1 9 .3 4 9 .1

A ir c o n d it i o n e d :

F u l l ------------------------------------------- 49 2 8 .9 8 2 1 .3 10 3 3 .4 1 2 7 .2 14 3 0 .0 6 2 1 .5 18 2 4 .8 0 1 7 .7 7 3 1 .0 3 2 3 .2 9 1 9 .7 5 9 .1

P a r t i a l ----------------------------------- 12 2 6 .3 4 2 7 .9 5 2 9 .1 5 3 3 .1 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 3 (1/) ( 1 / ) 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

Not a i r c o n d i t i o n e d ------ — — — — — — — — — —

— — — — — 2 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

F u ll o r p a r t i a l

b asem en t ---------------------------- 44 2 8 .8 4 2 3 .3 9 3 1 .2 0 3 1 .8 13 3 0 .8 6 2 2 .9 13 2 4 .6 6 1 9 .6 9 2 9 .6 8 2 3 .3 4 2 2 .1 8 1 0 .7

No b asem en t -------------------------- 17 2 7 .3 7 1 8 .9 6 3 3 .0 1 2 5 .2 3 a n a /) 7 2 4 .2 4 1 5 .1 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 8 2 0 .1 7 8 . 8

E x t e r i o r :

M asonry ----------------------------------- 55 2 3 .2 5 2 1 . 8 15 3 1 .8 7 2 8 .9 15 2 9 .3 6 2 2 . 1 18 2 4 .5 1 1 8 .1 7 2 6 .7 7 1 7 .7 1 2 2 0 .8 9 9 .4

C u r ta in w a l l ----------------------- 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) — — — — — 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) — — — — — —

O th er ---------------------------------------- 5 3 1 .3 8 2 6 .3 — — 1 ( 1 / ) (1/) 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 3 (1/) ( 1 / ) —

T 7 I n s u f f i c i e n t c o v e r a g e t o w arra n t p r e s e n t a t io n .

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b le 3. O n s it e m an-hour r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r h o s p i t a l and n u r sin g home c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s , by s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and r e g i o n

H o s p i t a l s N u rsin g homes

U n ited S ta te s N o r th e a s t N orth C e n t r a l S outh West U n ite d S t a te s

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

M an-hours p e r — M an-hours p e r — M an-hours p e r — M an-hou rs p e r — M an-hou rs p e r — M an-hours p e r —

1 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0

sq u a re o f Bed sq u a re o f Bed sq u a re o f Bed sq u a re o f Bed sq u a re o f Bed sq u a re o f Bed

f e e t c o s t f e e t c o s t f e e t c o s t fe e t c o s t f e e t c o s t f e e t c o s t

A l l p r o j e c t s ------------------------------------------- 2 1 7 .0 7 6 .1 1688 2 3 6 .5 7 4 .2 2148 2 2 8 .5 7 7 .5 1688 2 0 7 .6 8 4 .7 1538 1 8 4 .3 6 2 .4 1421 1 5 3 .7 7 3 .7 695

New----------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 6 .1 7 4 .7 1493 1 9 2 .3 6 7 .2 1371 2 3 4 .6 7 6 .8 1544 1 9 7 .2 8 4 .9 1484 1 9 3 .0 5 7 .5 1479 1 5 3 .9 7 3 .7 695

A d d i t i o n s --------------------------------------------- 2 2 5 .3 7 7 .1 1855 2 4 2 .9 7 5 .1 2292 2 2 5 .2 7 7 .9 1802 2 2 6 .5 8 4 .3 1629 1 7 4 .2 7 0 .0 1353 — —

In a m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a ------------- 2 2 2 .7 7 4 .5 1733 2 5 1 .4 7 4 .1 2063 2 4 3 .2 7 7 .0 1810 2 0 5 .0 8 2 .7 1578 1 8 3 .8 6 0 .7 1446 1 6 7 .1 7 5 .0 746

Not in a m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a — 2 0 4 .8 8 0 .3 1590 1 9 2 .4 7 5 .0 2560 2 0 7 .6 7 8 .2 1512 2 1 3 .1 8 8 .4 1472 1 8 6 .7 7 0 .6 1322 1 4 4 .6 7 2 .6 659

Type o f fr a m in g :

S t e e l ------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 5 .3 6 7 .2 1479 2 4 6 .7 7 0 .0 2099 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 1 8 7 .2 7 6 .1 1294 1 8 6 .7 5 8 .0 1274 1 4 2 .0 6 8 .7 617

R e i n fo r c e d c o n c r e t e --------------------- 2 2 3 .9 7 9 .7 1823 2 3 3 .4 7 6 .8 2193 2 3 7 .9 7 8 .1 1801 2 1 5 .3 8 7 .3 1675 1 7 7 .0 6 8 . 0 1697 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

C om b in a tion ---------------------------------------- ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) — — — ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C l /) — — — C l /) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

L o a d -b e a r in g m a son ry ------------------ 1 8 7 .2 8 2 .3 1114 — —

( I / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C l/) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C l/) ( 1 / ) 1 4 8 .3 7 8 .0 706

1 s t o r y ------------------------------------------------------- 1 7 6 .7 76.3 1144 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 1 6 7 .2 7 7 .7 1072 C l /) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 1 4 9 .1 7 6 .9 676

2 -4 s t o r i e s --------------------------------------------- 2 1 3 .5 7 7 .6 1669 2 2 0 .4 7 4 .6 2082 2 1 3 .8 7 5 .3 1585 2 2 0 . 2 8 7 .1 1731 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C I /) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

5 and a b o v e --------------------------------------------- 2 2 6 .8 7 5 .2 1824 2 5 4 .6 7 4 .7 2298 2 5 5 .4 7 9 .1 1938 2 1 1 . 0 8 4 .8 1568 1 8 8 .3 6 0 .8 1635 — —

E le v a t o r ---------------------------------------------------- 2 2 1 .3 7 6 .2 1768 2 3 6 .9 7 4 .2 2166 2 3 3 .5 7 7 .3 1760 2 1 3 .2 8 5 .5 1582 1 8 7 .0 6 0 .8 1611 1 5 0 .1 6 7 .0 655

No e l e v a t o r --------------------------------------------- 1 7 0 .0 7 5 .4 1 0 2 1 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( I / ) ( I / ) ( I / ) ( I / ) ( I / ) C l/) a / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) 1 5 7 .8 8 1 .6 740

A ir c o n d it i o n e d :

F u l l --------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 0 .3 7 6 .0 1622 2 4 1 .4 7 2 .2 1967 2 3 4 .9 7 8 .1 1682 2 0 9 .9 8 4 .6 1499 1 8 5 .6 5 9 .8 1386 1 4 8 .5 7 5 .2 687

P a r t i a l -------------------------------------------------- 2 0 1 .7 7 6 .6 2135 2 2 8 .3 7 8 .3 2593 ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C l/) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C l/)

Not a i r c o n d it i o n e d --------------------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — a / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / )

F u ll o r p a r t i a l b asem en t --------- 2 1 7 .5 7 5 .4 1756 2 2 4 .7 7 2 .0 2292 2 3 9 .6 7 7 .6 1775 2 1 1 . 6 8 5 .8 1678 1 8 3 .7 6 1 .9 1441 1 7 3 .2 7 8 .1 833

No basem en t ---------------------------------------- 2 1 5 .6 7 8 .8 1486 2 5 6 .8 7 7 .8 1963 ( 1 / ) C l/) ( 1 / ) 1 9 7 .6 8 1 .5 1234 C l /) c i / ) c i / ) 1 4 3 .1 7 0 .9 625

E x t e r i o r :

M a s o n r y -------------------------------------------------- 2 1 9 . 2 7 7 .6 1694 2 3 3 .6 7 4 .2 2148 2 2 6 .7 7 7 .2 1709 2 1 0 .5 8 5 .9 1553 1 7 7 .4 6 6 .3 1173 1 5 3 .9 7 3.7 695

C\ A ( 1 A ( i A A A v-w ) v.1/; C l/)

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 5 .7 6 5 .6 1722 — — ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) C l/) ( i / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) ( 1 / ) —

1 _ / I n s u f f i c i e n t c o v e r a g e t o w a rra n t p r e s e n t a t io n .

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b le 4 . O n s it e m an-hour re q u ire m e n ts p e r 100 sq u a re f e e t o f h o s p i t a l and n u r s in g home c o n s t r u c t i o n , by o c c u p a t io n and r e g io n

O cc u p a tio n

H o s p it a ls N u rsin g homes

U n ited S ta te s N o r th e a s t N orth C e n t r a l South West U n ite d S t a te s

P e rce n t M an-hours

w orked

P e rce n t M an-hou rs

w orked

P e rce n t M an-hours

w orked

P e r c e n t M an-hours

w orked

P e rce n t M an-hours

w orked

P e rce n t M an-hours

w orked

A l l o c c u p a t io n s ----------- 1 0 0 . 0 2 1 7 .0 1 0 0 . 0 2 3 6 .5 1 0 0 . 0 2 2 8 .5 1 0 0 . 0 2 0 7 .6 1 0 0 . 0 1 8 4 .3 1 0 0 . 0 1 5 3 .7

A s b e s t o s w o r k e r s --------------------- 1 .9 4 .2 1 .6 3 .9 2 .5 5 .7 1 . 8 3 .7 1 .5 2 .7 1 .7 2 . 6

B r i c k l a y e r s --------------------------------- 5 .0 1 0.9 6 . 6 1 5 .6 6 .2 1 4 .2 3 .9 8 . 2 1 . 6 3 .0 6 .4 9 .8

C a rp e n te rs ----------------------------------- 1 3 .0 2 8 .2 1 5 .1 3 5 .8 1 0 .9 2 5 .0 1 2 . 2 2 5 .4 1 5 .5 2 8 .6 1 5 .2 2 3 .4

Cement f i n i s h e r s --------------------- 1 .4 3 .0 1 . 0 2 .4 1 .5 3 .5 1 .3 2 .7 1 . 8 3 .4 1 . 2 1 . 8

E l e c t r i c i a n s ------------------------------ 9 .9 2 1 .4 1 0 . 0 2 3 .7 1 0 .5 2 3 .9 9 .3 1 9 .3 9 .6 1 7 .7 7 .8 1 2 . 0

E le v a t o r m e ch a n ics ---------------- 0 .9 1 .9 0 . 8 1 .9 0 .7 1 . 6 1 . 1 2 . 2 1 . 0 1 .9 0 .5 0 .7

G l a z i e r s ---------------------------------------- 0 .4 0 .9 0 .3 0 . 8 0 .4 1 . 0 0 .4 0 . 8 0 .5 0 .9 0 . 6 0 .9

L a th e r s ------------------------------------------ 2 .9 6 .4 2 .9 6 . 8 2 .5 5 .7 2 . 1 4 .4 5 .9 1 0 . 8 2 .5 3 .8

O p e r a t i n g e n g i n e e r s -------------- 1 .8 4 .0 2 . 2 5 .3 1 . 8 4 .0 1 .7 3 .6 1 .6 2 .9 1 . 8 z . 8

O rnam ental ir o n w o r k e r s — 0 .7 1 .5 0 .7 1 .7 1 . 1 2 .4 0 .3 0 .7 0 .4 0 . 8 0 .3 0 .4

P a i n t e r s ---------------------------------------- 2 .6 5 .7 2 .3 5 .4 2 .6 6 . 0 2 . 8 5 .9 2 .9 5 .3 4 .7 7 .3

P l a s t e r e r s ----------------------------------- 3 .2 7 .0 2 .9 6 .9 2 .9 6 .7 3 .1 6 .5 4 .8 8 . 8 3 .1 4 .8

P lum bers ---------------------------------------- 15.7 3 4 .0 1 5 .2 3 5 .9 1 8 .0 4 1 .1 1 3 .7 2 8 .5 1 5 .5 2 8 .6 1 3 .7 2 1 . 1

R e i n f o r c in g ir o n w o r k e r s - 1 .6 3 .4 2 . 2 5 .1 1 .3 2 .9 1 .3 2 . 8 1 . 6 3 .0 0 .5 0 .7

R o o f e r s ------------------------------------------ 0 .6 1 .3 0 . 6 1 .4 0 .5 1 . 2 0 .7 1 .4 0 .5 1 . 0 1 . 2 1 . 8

S h e e t m e t a l w o r k e r s -------------- 5 .5 1 2 . 0 4 .4 1 0 .5 7 .2 1 6 .4 3 .9 8 . 1 7 .4 1 3 .6 3 .5 5 .4

S o ft f l o o r la y e r s ------------------ 0 .4 0 .9 0 .3 0 .7 0 .4 0 . 8 0 .5 1 . 0 0 . 8 1 .4 0 .7 1 . 0

S t r u c t u r a l ir o n w o r k e r s — 0 . 8 1 .7 0 .7 1 .7 0 .7 1 . 6 0 . 6 1 . 2 1 .7 3 .2 1 .4 2 . 1

T e r r a z z o w o rk e r s --------------------- 0 .5 1 . 0 0 .9 2 . 1 0 .3 0 .7 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 .7 1 .3 0 .3 0 .5

T i l e s e t t e r s ------------------------------ 1 .2 2 .5 0 .9 2 . 1 1 .2 2 .7 1 .4 3 .0 0 . 8 1 .5 1 . 2 1 . 8

O ther b u i l d i n g t r a d e s --------- 0 .4 0 .9 0 .5 1 . 1 0 . 6 1 .4 0 . 2 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3 0 .5

T r u c k d r i v e r s ---------------------------- 0 .5 1 .1 0 .5 1 . 1 0 .4 1 . 0 0 .5 1 . 0 0 .9 1 . 6 0 .4 0 . 6

H e lp e r s and te n d e r s -------------- 6 .3 1 3 .6 4 .4 1 0 .4 6 . 0 1 3 .6 7 .9 1 6 .5 6 . 8 1 2 . 6 6 . 1 9 .4

L a b o r e r s ---------------------------------------- 1 9 . 4 4 2 .2 1 9 .5 4 6 .1 1 7 .5 3 9 .9 2 5 .5 5 3 .0 1 0 .4 1 9 .1 2 0 . 6 3 1 .7

C u s t o d ia l w o r k e r s ------------------ 0 . 1 0 .3 0 .3 0 . 6 — 0 .3 0 .3 0 . 6 — — — —

S u p e r v is o r s and g e n e ra l

forem en ------------------------------------- 2 .3 5 .0 2 .3 5 .5 2 . 1 4 .8 2 .3 4 .7 2 .7 4 .9 4 .4 6 . 8

P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h -

n i c a l e m p lo y e e s— 1------------- 0 . 6 1 .3 0 .4 1 . 0 0 . 2 0 .4 0 .5 1 . 0 2 .3 4 .2 — —

C l e r i c a l e m p l o y e e s ---------------- 0 .3 0 .7 0 .4 1 . 0 0 . 1 0 .3 0 .4 0 . 8 0 .5 1 . 0

NOTE: B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g , sums o f i n d i v i d u a l it e m s may n o t add t o t o t a l s .

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b le 5. Man-hour r e q u ire m e n ts p e r $1000 o f h o s p i t a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , by o c c u p a t io n and r e g i o n , 1 9 6 5 -6 6

O ccu p a tio n

U n ited S ta te s N o r th e a s t N orth C e n t r a l South West

P e rce n t M an-hours P e rce n t M an-hours P e r c e n t M an-hours P e r c e n t M an-hou rs P e r c e n t M an-hours

A l l o c c u p a t io n s ----------- 1 0 0 . 0 7 6 .1 1 0 0 . 0 7 4 .2 1 0 0 . 0 7 7 .5 1 0 0 . 0 8 4 .7 1 0 0 . 0 6 2 .4

A s b e sto s w o r k e r s --------------------- 1 .9 1 .5 1 .7 1 .2 2 .5 1 .9 1 . 8 1 .5 1 .5 0 .9

B r ic k la y e r s --------------------------------- 5 .0 3 .8 6 . 6 4 .9 6 .2 4 .8 4 .0 3 .4 1 . 6 1 . 0

C a rp e n te rs ----------------------------------- 1 3 .0 9 .9 1 5 .1 1 1 . 2 1 0 .9 8 .5 1 2 . 2 1 0 .3 1 5 .5 9 .7

Cement f i n i s h e r s --------------------- 1 .4 1 . 0 1 . 0 0 . 8 1 .5 1 . 2 1 .3 1 . 1 1 . 8 1 . 1

E l e c t r i c i a n s ------------------------------ 9 .9 7 .5 1 0 . 0 7 .4 1 0 .4 8 . 1 9 .3 7 .9 9 .6 6 . 0

E le v a to r m e ch a n ics ---------------- 0 .9 0 .7 0 . 8 0 .6 0 .7 0 .5 1 . 1 0 .9 1 . 1 0 .7

G la z ie r s ---------------------------------------- 0 .4 0 .3 0 .3 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3

L a th e r s ------------------------------------------ 2 .9 2 .2 2 .9 2 . 1 2 .5 1 .9 2 . 1 1 . 8 5 .9 3 .7

O p e ra tin g e n g in e e r s -------------- 1 . 8 1 .4 2 . 2 1 .7 1 . 8 1 .4 1 .7 1 .5 1 . 6 1 . 0

O rnam ental ir o n w o r k e r s — 0 .7 0 .5 0 .7 0 .5 1 . 1 0 . 8 0 .4 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3

P a in t e r s ---------------------------------------- 2 . 6 2 . 0 2 .3 1 .7 2 . 6 2 . 0 2 .9 2 .4 2 .9 1 . 8

P l a s t e r e r s ----------------------------------- 3 .2 2 .5 2 .9 2 . 2 2 .9 2 .3 3 .1 2 .7 4 .8 3 .0

P lum bers ---------------------------------------- 1 5 .6 1 1 .9 1 5 .2 1 1 .3 1 7 .9 1 3 .9 1 3 .7 1 1 . 6 1 5 .5 9 .7

R e i n fo r c in g ir o n w o r k e r s - 1 .6 1 .2 2 . 1 1 . 6 1 .3 1 . 0 1 .3 1 . 1 1 . 6 1 . 0

R o o f e r s ------------------------------------------- 0 .6 0 .5 0 . 6 0 .4 0 .5 0 .4 0 .7 0 . 6 0 . 6 0 .4

S h e e t m e t a l w o r k e r s -------------- 5 .5 4 .2 4 .5 3 .3 7 .2 5 .6 3 .9 3 .3 7 .4 4 .6

S o ft f l o o r l a y e r s ------------------ 0 .4 0 .3 0 .3 0 . 2 0 .3 0 .3 0 .5 0 .4 0 .7 0 .5

S t r u c t u r a l ir o n w o r k e r s — 0 . 8 0 . 6 0 .7 0 .5 0 .7 0 .5 0 . 6 0 .5 1 .7 1 . 1

T e r r a z z o w o r k e r s --------------------- 0 .5 0 .3 0 .9 0 .7 0 .3 0 . 2 0 .1 0 . 1 0 .7 0 .5

T i l e s e t t e r s ------------------------------ 1 .1 0 .9 0 .9 0 .6 1 .2 0 .9 1 .5 1 .2 0 . 8 0 .5

O ther b u i l d i n g t r a d e s --------- 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3 0 . 6 0 .5 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 .3 0 . 2

T ruck d r i v e r s ---------------------------- 0 .5 0 .4 0 .5 0 .4 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .4 0 .9 0 .5

H e lp e r s and t e n d e r s -------------- 6 .3 4 .8 4 .4 3 .3 6 . 0 4 .6 8 . 0 6 .7 6 . 8 4 .3

L a b o r e r s ---------------------------------------- 1 9 .4 1 4 .8 1 9 .5 1 4 .5 1 7 .4 1 3 .5 2 5 .5 2 1 . 6 1 0 .4 6 .5

C u s t o d ia l w o rk e rs 0 . 2 0 .1 0 .3 0 . 2 — — 0 .3 0 .2 — —

S u p e r in te n d e n ts and

g e n e r a l forem en ------------------ 2 .3 1 .7 2 .3 1 .7 2 . 1 1 . 6 2 .3 1 .9 2 .7 i . 7

P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h -

n i c a l e m p l o y e e s ------------------- 0 . 6 0 .5 0 .4 0 .3 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 .5 0 .4 2 .3 1 .4

C l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s ---------------- 0 .3 0 .3 0 .4 0 .3 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 0 .3

NOTE: B ecau se o f ro u n d in g , sums o f in d iv i d u a l ite m s may n o t add t o t o t a l s .

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e 6 . A p p r e n t i c e s a s a p e r c e n t o f e m p l o y m e n t , b y o c c u p a t i o n a n d r e g i o n

O c c u p a t i o n

H o s p i t a l s • N u r s i n g h o m e s

U n i t e d S t a t e s N o r t h e a s t N o r t h C e n t r a l S o u t h W e s t U n i t e d S t a t e s

A l l w o r k e r s 4 . 7 3 . 9 4 . 0 5 . 1 7 . 2 5 . 5

S k i l l e d t r a d e s --------------------------------------------- 6 . 7 5 . 4 5 . 4 8 . 1 9 . 5 8 . 1

A s b e s t o s w o r k e r s -------------------------------------- 2 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 7 . 3 0 . 0 0 . 0

B r i c k l a y e r s 4 . 0 5 . 7 2 . 6 4 . 2 3 . 2 1 . 9

C a r p e n t e r s ------------------------------------------------------------ 4 . 6 1 . 8 3 . 9 5 . 6 9 . 4 4 . 8

C e m e n t f i n i s h e r s -------------------------------------- 1 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 5 3 . 7 0 . 6 0 . 0

E l e c t r i c i a n s ----------------------------------------------------- 1 2 . 0 9 . 7 9 . 5 1 6 . 0 1 3 . 7 1 2 . 2

G l a z i e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 . 9 3 . 8 5 . 6 1 . 4 1 0 . 7 4 . 5

L a t h e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 . 2 7 . 5 2 . 1 8 . 5 1 8 . 3 5 . 0

O r n a m e n t a l i r o n w o r k e r s ------------- 4 . 1 1 . 3 5 . 8 5 . 4 0 . 4 0 . 0

P a i n t e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 . 4 1 . 2 0 . 3 2 . 8 1 4 . 4 5 . 2

P l a s t e r e r s ------------------------------------------------------------ 5 . 5 8 . 4 1 . 3 6 . 7 6 . 3 0 . 7

P l u m b e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 . 7 8 . 2 7 . 5 9 . 8 1 0 . 5 1 8 . 6

R e i n f o r c i n g i r o n w o r k e r s --------- 1 . 2 0 . 4 1 . 3 1 . 7 1 . 7 9 . 5

R o o f e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 . 6 0 . 0 7 . 8 1 1 . 9 1 0 . 7 2 6 . 6

S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r s --------------------------- 8 . 1 5 . 1 8 . 8 1 0 . 0 7 . 6 9 . 2

S o f t f l o o r l a y e r s ---------------------------------- 6 . 7 2 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 1 1 9 . 1 3 . 4

S t r u c t u r a l i r o n w o r k e r s ------------- 2 . 4 3 . 8 0 . 8 1 . 2 3 . 8 3 . 4

T e r r a z z o w o r k e r s -------------------------------------- 7 . 5 1 5 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

T i l e s e t t e r s ----------------------------------------------------- 1 2 . 0 1 4 . 3 1 1 . 2 1 2 . 7 7 . 3 1 . 7

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 7. Percent of total man-hour requirements, by type of contractor and region

Type of contractor

Hospitals Nursing homes

United States Northeast North Central South West United States

Total------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

General------------------------------------------ 36.5 40.4 34.0 38.4 30.8 37.0

Street, etc.--------------------------------- 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6

Plumbing and heating------------------- 24.7 21.3 29.7 22.5

CNr-'.

21.3

Painting, e tc.------------------------------ 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 4.7

Electrical------------------------------------- 10.1 10.1 10.9 9.6 9.6 8.7

Masonry------------------------------------------ 2.1 2.5 0.8 3.7 1.0 4.7

Plastering and lathing--------------- 8.5 7.6 7.4 8.0 13.7 7.5

Terrazzo and tile work--------------- 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.7 3.3 3.9

Carpentry and millwork--------------- 0.2 0,2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1

Flooring----------------------------------------- 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9

Roofing and sheet metal-------------- 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3 2.3

Concrete work-------------------------------- 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5

Structural steel erections-------- 1.5 1.9 1.4 0.6 3.1 1.5

Ornamental metal work----------------- 0.7 0. 7 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.3

Glazing------------------------------------------ 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7

Excavation, e tc.-------------------------- 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

Demolition------------------------------------- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Installed building equipment----- 1.9 1.5 1.6 2.4 2.6 0.8

All other types---------------------------- 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.5

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not add to totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 8. Wages as a percent of contract costs

Hospitals Nursing homes

Under 20.0----------------------- 0.0 0.0

20.1 - 22.5--------------------- 9.0 41.7

22.6 - 25.0--------------------- 12.3 10.4

25.1 - 27.5--------------------- 22.0 24.0

27.6 - 30.0--------------------- 18.7 24.0

30.1 - 32.5--------------------- 17.5 0.0

32.6 and over 20.5 0.0

29 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 9. Average onsite hourly earnings, by selected characteristics and regions

Hospitals Nursing homes

United States Northeast North Central South West United States

Characteristics Average

hourly

wage

Wages as 

percent of 

contract

Average

hourly

wage

Wages as 

percent of 

contract

Average

hourly

wage

Wages as 

percent of 

contract

Average

hourly

wage

Wages as 

percent of 

contract

Average

hourly

wage

Wages as 

percent of 

contract

Average

hourly

wage

Wages as 

percent of 

contract

A ll projects----------------------- $3.89 29.6 $ 4.20 31.2 $ 4.04 31.3 $ 3.22 27.3 $ 4.46 27.8 $ 3.48 25.6

New--------------------------------- 3.75 28.0 4.52 30.4 3.82 29.3 3.20 27.2 4.68 26.9 3.48 25.6

Additions------------------------- 3.99 30.8 4.17 31.3 4.18 32.6 3.25 27.4 4.18 29.2 — —

In a metropolitan area------ 4.10 30.5 4.27 31.6 4.35 33.5 3.42 28.3 4.53 27.5 3.53 26.5

Not in a metropolitan area- 3.39 27.2 3.94 29.6 3.49 27.3 2.87 25.3 4.13 29.1 3.43 24.9

Type of framing:

Steel------------------------------ 4.04 27.1 4.27 29.9 (1/) (1/) 3.09 23.5 4.67 27.1 3.68 25.3

Reinforced concrete----------- 3.85 30.7 4.19 32.1 4.10 32.0 3.26 28.5 4.17 28.4 (1/) (1/)

Combination---------------------- (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) — — (1/) (1/) — — (1/) (1/)

Load-bearing masonry--------- 3.74 30.8 — — (1/) (1/) (1/) (I/) (l/> (1/) 3.09 24.1

1 story------------------------------- 3.28 25.0 (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) 3.06 23.8 (1/) (1/) 3.22 24.7

2-4 stories------------------------- 3.75 29.1 4.14 30.8 3.95 29.8 3.08 26.8 (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) 5 or more stories---------------- 4.06 30.5 4.26 31.9 4.26 33.7 3.36 28.5 4.53 27.6 — —

Elevator----------------------------- 3.93 29.9 4.22 31.3 4.13 31.9 3.24 27.7 4.52 27.5 4.04 27.1

No elevator------------------------- 3.31 25.0 (1/) (1/) (1/) (I/) Q7) (1/) Q7) (1/) 2.92 23.9

Air conditioned:

Full-------------------------------- 3.86 29.4 4.26 30.8 4.04 31.6 3.18 26.9 4.56 27.2 3.35 25.2

Partial---------------------------- 4.03 30.8 4.10 32.1 (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/) (1/)

Not air conditioned----------- — — — — — — — — — —

(I/) 07)

Full or partial basement------ 3.93 29.7 4.10 29.5 4.13 32.1 3.26 28.0 4.48 27.7 3.39 26.5

No basement------------------------- 3.73 29.4 4.36 33.9 (I/) (1/) 3.10 25.2 (1/) (1/) 3.53 25.1

Masonry------------------------------- 3.83 29.7 4.20 31.2 4.04 31.2 3.12 26.8 4.28 28.4 3.48 25.6

Curtain wall------------------------ (1/) (1/) — — — — (1/) (1/) — — — —

Other--------------------------------- 4.33 28.4 — — (1/) (1/) (I/) (1/) (1/) (I/) — —

T7 Insufficient coverage to warrant presentation.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 10. Man-hour requirements per 100 square feet of construction

Hospitals

..............

Nursing homes

f 1965-66 1959-60 Percent change 1965-66

All sectors------------------------------------- 507 544 - 6.8 375

Construction

Onsite construction---------------------------- 217 230 - 5.7 154

Offsite construction-------------------------- 29 28 + 3.6 18

Agriculture--------------------------------------------- 5 7 - 28.6 5

Mining------------------------------------------------------ 6 9 - 33.3 5

Manufacturing------------------------------------------ 183 203 - 9.9 139

Lumber products----------------------------------- 10 11 - 9.1 14

Furniture--------------------------------------------- 4 2 +100.0 3

Paper----------------------------------------------------- 3 4 - 25.0 3

Printing----------------------------------------------- 3 3 0.0 2

Chemical----------------------------------------------- 4 4 0.0 3

Stone, clay, and glass products------ 28 32 - 12.5 22

Primary metals------------------------------------ 26 31 - 16.1 18

Fabricated metal products----------------- 39 47 - 17.0 33

Machinery--------------------------------------------- 25 25 0.0 15

Electrical products---------------------------- 25 26 - 3.8 14

Instruments------------------------------------------ 7 8 - 12.5 4

Other----------------------------------------------------- 9 10 - 10.0 7

Transportation---------------------------------------- 18 22 - 18.2 14

Trade (excluding retail)---------------------- 19 15 + 26.7 16

Services--------------------------------------------------- 14 13 + 7.7 11

Other-------------------------------------------------------- 15 17 - 11.8 12

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not add to totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 11. Average number of weeks for hospital construction

Cost Northeast North Central South West United States

Under $500,000-------------------------- (1/) (1/) 51 (1/) 50

$500,000 - $999,999----------------- (1/) (1/) (1/) — 67

$1,000,000 - $1,999,999---------- 121 (1/) 99 (1/) 105

Over $2,000,000------------------------ 132 131 121 117 127

All classes------------------------------- 105 106 80 75 91

1/ Insufficient coverage to warrant presentation.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 13. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of hospital

construction, 1965-66

Selected products and product groups

All products------------------------------------------------------

Metal products (except plumbing and heating)-----

Fabricated structural metal products-------------------

Reinforcing bars and jo is ts --------------------------------

Structural steel----------------------------------------------------

Fabricated sheet metal-----------------------------------------

Metal windows---------------------------------------------------------

Metal doors-------------------------------------------------------------

Registers, grills and diffusers-------------------------

Ornamental metal----------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other fabricated metal products----------------------------

Builder’ s hardware------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other metal products------------------------------------------------

Metal casework-------------------------------------------------------

Galvanized sheet metal-----------------------------------------

Aluminum sheet metal---------------------------------------------

Partitions, lockers, and shelves-----------------------

Lead--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Copper products------------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Stone, clay, and glass products----------------------------

Cement, concrete and gypsum products-------------------

Ready-mix concrete------------------------------------------------

Precast concrete products------------------------------------

Concrete block and brick-------------------------------------

Gypsum products------------------------------------------------------

Cement----------------------------------------------------------------------

Lime--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Concrete pipe---------------------------------------------------------

Structural clay products-----------------------------------------

Brick and structural t i le ------------------------------------

Ceramic t i le -----------------------------------------------------------

Clay sewer pipe------------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

All

hospital

proj ects

$1474.26

337.33

217.09

66.70

45.64

39.81

2 1 . 1 0 

14.77

6.79

4.84

17.44

36.73

29.64

7.09

83.51

35.21

23.71

7.90

6.41

5.56

1.78

2.94

267.01

147.49

81.47

19.97

18.76

16.29

8.31

1.76

0.93

51.18

28.92

18.44

1 . 8 6 

1.96

New

hospital

projects

$1445.37

337.19

221.84

56.87

54.90

38.87

22.67

14.45

9.35

5.82

18.91

33.64

25.86

7.78

81.71

30.44

25.23

9.54

6.13

5.32

2 . 0 1 

3.04

244.14

139.71

76.53

20.90

12.42

18.12

8 . 6 6

1.61

1.47

42.59

21.55

16.23

2.78

2.03

Hospital

addition

*.proj ects

$1496.02

337.42

213.51

74.11

38.65

40.52

19.91

15.02

4.86

4.11

16.33

39.04

32.49

6.55

84.87

38.80

22.56

6 . 6 6

6.62

5.75

1.61

2.87

284.26

153.35

85.19

19.27

23.54

14.92

8.04

1.87

0.52

57.66

34.48

2 0 . 1 0

1.17

1.91

33 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 13. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of hospital

construction, 1965-66— continued

Selected products and product groups

Other stone, clay and glass products-------------------

Fiberglas products------------------------------------------------

Vinyl tile (including vinyl-asbestos)--------------

Cut stone-----------------------------------------------------------------

Sand and gravel------------------------------------------------------

Window glass-----------------------------------------------------------

Asbestos insulation----------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fixed hospital equipment-----------------------------------------

Elevators, moving stairways and dumb waitersX-ray and related equipment--------------------------------

Kitchen equipment--------------------------------------------------

Sterilizers and autoclaves----------------------------------

Laundry equipment--------------------------------------------------

Pneumatic tube system-------------------------------------------

Compressed air and oxygen systems---------------------

Refrigerators, walk-in coolers and ice

stations---------------------------------------------------------------

Laboratory equipment---------------------------------------------

Tray conveyors--------------------------------------------------------

Incinerators-----------------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Electrical equipment, fixtures and wire--------------

Lighting fixtures--------------------------------------------------

Intercom and fire alarm system--------------------------

Switchboards and panelboards------------------------------

Noncurrent-carrying devices--------------------------------

Wire and cable--------------------------------------------------------

Electric generating units------------------------------------

Current carrying wiring devices-------------------------

T.V. systems-----------------------------------------------------------

Clock and program systems------------------------------------

Transformers-----------------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

All

hospital

projects

$ 68.34

20.53

12.67

10.85

7.56

7.47

2 . 0 2

7.24

237.98

67.33

43.84

42.00

24.82

13.49

9.73

6.48

6.13

4.13

3.73

2.89

13.41

180.23

44.51

30.65

28.69

25.42

15.61

11.46

10.92

3.60

3.25

3.04

3.08

New

hospital

proj ects

$ 61.84

18.90

9.78

8.07

7.63

8.36

1.63

7.47

224.98

57.48

26.03

43.91

29.44

1 1 . 6 6

7.43

5.26

8.81

9.21

6.69

3.87

15.19

181.13

39.98

31.10

22.75

28.66

14.31

14.05

16.15

5.30

3.11

2.57

3.15

Hospital

addition

proj ects

$ 73.25

21.76

14.86

12.95

7.50

6.79

2.31

7.08

247.78

74.75

57.26

40.56

21.34

14.87

11.46

7.40

4.12

0.30

1.50

2.15

12.07

179.54

47.93

30.31

33.16

22.97

16.59

9.50

6.98

2.32

3.34

3.39

3.05

34

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 13. T ota l cost o f m ateria ls per 100 square fe e t o f h o s p ita l 

c o n s tr u c tio n , 1965-66— continued

S elected products and product groups

H eating, v e n t ila t in g , and a ir co n d itio n in g

equipment-----------------------------------------------------------------

A ir co n d itio n in g equipment-------------------------------

R adiators, co n v ectors, and b o i l e r s -------------

Temperature c o n tr o ls ---------------------------------------------

Pumps, com pressors -------------------------------------------------

B lowers, exhaust, and fan s ----------------------------

O i l b u r n e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------

U n i t h e a t e r s and v e n t i l a t o r s ---------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P l u m b i n g p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------------------------

Plumbing fix t u r e s ---------------------------------------------------

S teel and galvan ized p ip e ---------------------------------

Valves and s p e c ia l t ie s ----------------------------------------

C a s t i r o n p i p e and f i t t i n g s -----------------------------

C o p p e r p i p e s ---------------------------------------------------------------

Water treatment equipment---------------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lumber and lumber p ro d u cts -----------------------------------

M illw ork --------------------------------------------------- --------------------

Rough and dressed lumber -----------------------------------

P l y w o o d --------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Petroleum produ cts -----------------------------------------------------

A s p h a l t p a v i n g ----------------------------------------------------------

A s p h a l t and t a r p i t c h e s --------------------------------------

Asphalt f e l t s ------------------------------------------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Paint and oth er chem ical compounds -----------------

P aint ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A l l o t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------

C onstruction equipment----------------------------------------

Other a c c o u s tic a l t i l e and board -----------------

V i n y l w a l l c o v e r i n g -----------------------------------------------

Wood f i b e r b o a r d ------------------------------------------------------

Laminated p la s t ic p an els -------------------------- *--------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A ll

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

New

h o s p ita l

p r o je c t s

H ospital

a d d ition

p r o je c t s

$ 1 4 3 . 7 9 $ 1 4 5 . 7 1 $ 1 4 2 . 3 3

54.02 55.65 52.79

29.50 32.49 27.24

21.83 21.40 22.15

13.50 13.30 13.65

13.22 11.04 14.87

4.97 2.75 6.64

4.08 5.58 2.95

2.67 3.50 2.04

152.26 163.65 143.70

36.72 36.77 36.69

35.95 47.15 27.50

28.35 24.97 30.91

22.15 24.69 20.24

20.85 23.20 19.07

2.10 1.78 2.35

6.14 5.09 6.94

68.62 60.75 74.57

42.38 43.88 41.26

22.88 12.87 30.43

2.87 3.25 2.58

0.49 0.75 0.30

11.78 13.35 10.61

4.45 5.24 3.86

3.14 3.45 2.90

2.81 3.54 2.27

1.38 1.12 1.58

11.42 11.36 11.45

7.10 6.49 7.55

4.32 4.87 3.90

63.84 63.11 64.36

36.87 35.84 37.65

11.80 9.69 13.38

4.25 3.16 5.06

2.21 4.51 0.48

2.18 2.67 1.82

6.53 7.24 5.97

NOTE: Group t o t a l s i n c l u d e p r o d u c t s n o t shown s e p a r a t e l y . B e c a u s e o f

rou n d in g , sums o f components may n ot e q u a l t o t a l s .

35

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 14. T otal cost o f m aterials per 100 square fe e t o f h o s p ita l co n stru ction 

co n tra ct, 1959-60

S elected products and product groups

A l l p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------------------

Metal products (except plumbing and h e a tin g ) ------

F abricated s tru ctu ra l metal p rod u cts ------------------------

R ein forcin g bars and j o i s t s ----------------------------------------

S t r u c t u r a l s t e e l -----------------------------------------------------------------

F abricated sheet m etal ---------------------------------------------------

Metal windows -----------------------------------------------------------------------

M e t a l d o o r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

O r n a m e n t a l m e t a l -----------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other fa b rica te d m etal p rod u cts -----------------------------------

B u ild e r ’ s hardware ------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other m etal p rod u cts ------------------------------------------------------------

Metal casework ---------------------------------------------------------------------

C o p p e r s h e e t m e t a l and p i p e ----------------------------------------

Galvanized sheet m etal ---------------------------------------------------

P a r t i t i o n s , l o c k e r s , and s h e l v e s -----------------------------

Alumi nu m s h e e t m e t a l --------------------------------------------------------

In su la tion s h ie ld s ------------------------------------------------------------

L e a d --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Stone, c la y , and g la ss p ro d u cts -----------------------------------

C e m e n t , c o n c r e t e , and gypsum p r o d u c t s ----------------------

Ready mix co n cre te ------------------------------------------------------------

Gypsum p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------------------

C o n c r e t e b l o c k and b r i c k -----------------------------------------------

C em en t---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P recast con crete p rod u cts --------------------------------------------

L im e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o n c r e t e p i p e ------------------------------------------------------------------------

S tru ctu ra l clay prod u cts ---------------------------------------------------

B rick and s tru ctu ra l t i l e --------------------------------------------

C e r a m i c t i l e --------------------------------------------------------------------------

C l a y s e w e r p i p e -------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A ll

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

$ 1 4 1 0 . 9 9

371.89

249.70

95.38

56.01

37.11

30.51 

2 0 .2 2

10.32 

0.15

29.32 

27.43

1.89

92.87 

35.18

21.52

1 2 .8 8

9.77 

4.86 

4.13 

1.29

3.24

273.33

134.29

72.62

22.84

15.93

10.06

9.11

1.94

1.79

56.77

31.59

21.05

2 .8 8

1.25

New

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

$ 1 4 2 8 . 9 0

375.83

260.45

100.62

61.23

37.96

29.16

20.39 

10.94

0,15

26.84

25.40 

1.44

88.54

35.31

21.27

10.76 

8.63 

4.28 

4.71 

1.41 

2.17

265.18

133.31

67.91

2 1 .8 6

17.76 

9.77

12.07

1 . 6 8

2.26

50.35

26.77 

18.52

3.48

1.58

H osp ital

a d d ition

p r o je c t s

$ 1 3 6 7 . 1 6

362.17

223.41

82.56

43.25

35.02

33.80

19.81 

8.82 

0.15

35.40

32.39

3.01

103.36

34.86

2 2 .1 2

18.06

12.54

6.26

2.71

0.99

5.82

293.26

136.67

84.13

25.23

11.45 

10.79

1 .8 8

2.56

0.63

72.46 

43.36

27.23 

1.42 

0.45

36 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 14. T otal cost o f m ateria ls per 100 square fe e t of h o s p ita l con stru ctio n 

co n tra ct, 1959-60— continued

S elected products and product groups

A ll

h o s p ita l

p r o je c t s

New

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

H ospital

a d d ition

p r o je c t s

Other ston e, cla y , and gla ss p rod u cts --------------------- $ 8 2 . 2 7 $ 8 1 . 5 2 $ 8 4 . 1 3

F ib erg la s products 24.87 24.14 26.66

Cut s t o n e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18.00 18.92 15.75

V inyl t i l e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14.19 12.77 17.66

Window g l a s s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8.27 7.75 9.54

Sand an d g r a v e l ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.98 5.26 7.76

A s p h a l t t i l e -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.01 4.88 1.90

A s b e s t o s i n s u l a t i o n ---------------------------------------------------------- 2.49 2.94 1.37

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.46 4.86 3.49

Fixed h o s p ita l equipment--------------------------------------------------- 229.38 240.90 201.29

E l e v a t o r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58.65 50.97 77.40

X - r a y an d r e l a t e d e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------- 33.29 39.00 19.35

S t e r iliz e r s and a u tocla v es ------------------------------------------ 31.63 34.01 25.82

K i t c h e n e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------- 27.59 34.67 10.32

R e f r i g e r a t o r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17.43 16.75 19.08

L a u n d r y e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------- 15.55 16.96 12.12

E l e c t r i c g e n e r a t o r u n i t s ----------------------------------------------- 14.94 16.47 l l V 19

L a b o r a t o r y e q u i p m e n t -------------------------------------------------------- 7.66 7.14 8.94

Pneumatic tube system ----------------------------------------------------- 5.41 6.91 1.77

Compressed a ir and oxygen system s -------------------------- 3.45 3.14 4.21

I n c i n e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.54 1.63 1.31

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12.24 13.25 9.78

E le c t r ic a l equipment, fix t u r e s , and w ire --------------- 154.75 158.84 144.75

L i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s --------------------------------------------------------------- 39.90 40.69 37.97

N on cu rren t-carrying d e v ice s ---------------------------------------- 28.10 27.96 28.45

S w i t c h b o a r d s and p a n e l b o a r d s -------------------------------------- 27.67 29.07 24.26

Intercom and f i r e alarm system --------------------------------- 15.50 14.57 17.77

Wire and ca b le --------------------------------------------------------------------- 13.26 13.37 12.98

T r a n s f o r m e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8.45 9.99 4.66

C u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g w i r i n g d e v i c e s ------------------------------- 7.44 6.89 8.81

P r o g r a m s y s t e m s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.13 7.10 0.30

E le c t r ic c lo c k , telephone and T.V. system -------- 4.90 4.95 4.80

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4.40 4.25 4.75

37

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 14. T otal cost o f m aterials per 100 square fe e t o f h o s p ita l con stru ctio n 

co n tra ct, 1 9 5 9 -6 0 — continued

S elected products and product groups

Heating, v e n t ila t in g , and a ir con d ition in g

equipment-----------------------------------------------------------------

R a dia tors, co n v ectors, and b o i l e r s -------------

A ir co n d ition in g equipment-------------------------------

T e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s ---------------------------------------------

B low ers, exh aust, and fa n s -------------------------------

Pumps and c o m p r e s s o r s ------------------------------------------

Unit h eaters and v e n t ila t o r s ---------------------------

Storage tanks ------------------------------------------------------------

O i l b u r n e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P l u m b i n g p r o d u c t s --------------------------------------------------------

Plumbing fix t u r e s ---------------------------------------------------

S te e l and galvan ized p ip e ---------------------------------

V alves and s p e c i a l t i e s ----------------------------------------

C a s t i r o n p i p e a n d f i t t i n g s -----------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lumber and lumber p ro d u cts -----------------------------------

M illw ork ------------------------------------------------------------ -----------

Rough and dressed lumber -----------------------------------

Plywood --------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Petroleum prod u cts ------------------------------------------------------

A s p h a l t p a v i n g -----------------------------------------------------------

Asphalt and tar p it c h e s --------------------------------------

A s p h a l t f e l t s -------------------------------------------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P aint and o th e r ch em ical compounds ------------------

P a i n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A l l o t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t -----------------------------------------

I n s u l a t i n g b o a r d ------------------------------------------------------

Laminated p la s t ic p an els ------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A ll

H osp ital 

p r o i e c t s

New

H osp ital 

pro.i e c t s

H ospital 

a d d ition 

p r o j e c t s

$ 1 3 8 . 5 3 $ 1 4 7 . 5 3 $ 1 1 6 . 5 8

38.88 42.03 31.18

38.05 42.27 27.73

26.96 29.33 21.18

12.45 11.41 15.01

8.56 8.07 9.75

6.18 7.15 3.80

4.59 5.25 2.99

2.06 1.38 3.72

0.80 0.64 1.22

122.88 121.42 126.46

40.07 41.24 37.23

37.87 33.71 48.05

25.82 25.29 27.13

15.03 16.73 10.88

4.09 4.45 3.17

59.51 55.05 70.38

42.17 37.93 52.51

14.03 13.06 16.39

2.59 3.10 1.34

0.72 0.96 0.14

12.63 13.97 9.36

3.78 4.85 1.17

3.31 3.31 3.32

2.36 2.20 2.74

3.18 3.61 2.13

11.35 11.50 10.98

6.51 6.56 6.36

4.84 4.94 4.62

36.74 38.68 31.93

30.19 31.07 28.05

1.28 1.49 0.74

1.50 1.94 0.43

3.77 4.18 2.71

NOTE: Group t o t a l s i n c l u d e p r o d u c t s n o t shown s e p a r a t e l y . B e c a u s e o f

ro u n d in g , sums o f components may n ot eq u a l t o t a l s .

38 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 15. T ota l cost o f m a teria l components fo r each $1,000 o f h o s p ita l 

con stru ctio n co n tra ct, 1965-66

S elected products and product groups

A l l p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------------------

Metal products (excep t plumbing and h e a tin g ) ------

F abricated stru ctu ra l metal p rod u cts ------------------------

R e i n f o r c i n g b a r s a n d j o i s t s ----------------------------------------

S t r u c t u r a l s t e e l -----------------------------------------------------------------

F abricated sheet m etal ---------------------------------------------------

Metal windows -----------------------------------------------------------------------

M e t a l d o o r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

R e g i s t e r s , g r i l l s and d i f f u s e r s -------------------------------

O r n a m e n t a l m e t a l -----------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other fa b rica te d metal p rod u cts -----------------------------------

B u i l d e r ’ s h a r d w a r e ------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other m etal produ cts ------------------------------------------------------------

M e t a l c a s e w o r k ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Galvanized sheet m etal ---------------------------------------------------

A luminum s h e e t m e t a l --------------------------------------------------------

P a r t i t i o n s , l o c k e r s and s h e l v e s -------------------------------

L e a d --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o p p e r p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S t o n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------

C e m e n t , c o n c r e t e , and gypsum p r o d u c t s ----------------------

Ready-mix con crete ------------------------------------------------------------

P recast con crete p rod u cts --------------------------------------------

C o n c r e t e b l o c k and b r i c k -----------------------------------------------

Gypsum p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------------------------------

Cement---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L im e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o n c r e t e p i p e ------------------------------------------------------------------------

S tru ctu ral clay prod u cts ---------------------------------------------------

B rick and s tru ctu ra l t i l e ----------------------------------- --------

C e r a m i c t i l e --------------------------------------------------------------------------

C l a y s e w e r p i p e -------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A ll

h o s p ita l

p r o je c t s

$ 5 1 6 . 9 9

118.28

76.13

23.39 

16.00 

13.96

7.40

5.18

2.38

1.70 

6 .1 2

1 2 .8 6

10.39

2.47

29.29

12.35

8.31

2.77

2.25

1.95

0.63

1.03

93.64

51.72

28.57

7.00

6.58

5.71 

2.91 

0.62 

0.33

17.95

10.14

6.47 

0.65 

0.69

New

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

$ 5 2 3 . 8 4

122.24

80.42

20.61

19.90

14.09

8 .2 2

5.24

3.39

2 .1 1

6 .8 6

1 2 .2 0

9.37

2.83

29.62

11.04

9.15

3.46

2 .2 2

1.93

0.73

1.09

88.48

50.64

27.74

7.58

4.50

6.57

3.14

0.58

0.53

15.43 

7.81 

5.88 

1 .0 1

0.73

H ospital 

a d d ition 

p r o j e c t s

$ 5 1 2 . 1 1

115.51

73.09

25.37 

13.23 

13.87

6.81

5.14

1.67

1.41

5.59

13.37 

1 1 . 1 2

2.25

29.05

13.28

7.72

2.28

2.27

1.97

0.55

0.98

97.31

52.50

29.16

6.60 

8.06 

5.11 

2.75 

0.64 

0.18

19.75

11.81

6 .8 8

0.40

0 .6 6

39 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 15. T otal co st o f m a teria l components fo r each $1,000 o f h o s p ita l 

con stru ctio n co n tra ct, 1965-66 continued

S elected products and product groups

Other ston e, c la y , and gla ss p rod u cts ----------------------

F ib ergla s prod u cts ------------------------------------------------------------

V inyl t i l e (in clu d in g v in y l- a s b e s t o s ) -----------------

Cut s t o n e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sand an d g r a v e l -------------------------------------------------------------------

Win dow g l a s s --------------------------------------------------------------------------

A sbestos in s u la tio n ----------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fixed h o s p ita l equipment---------------------------------------------------

E l e v a t o r s , m o v i n g s t a i r w a y s and dumb w a i t e r s -

X-ray and re la te d equipment----------------------------------------

K i t c h e n e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------

S t e r il iz e r s and a u tocla v es ------------------------------------------

L a u n d r y e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------------------------------

P n e u m a t i c t u b e s y s t e m ------------------------------------------------------

Compressed a ir and oxygen system s --------------------------

R e fr ig e r a to r s , w a lk -in c o o le r s and ic e

s t a t i o n s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L a b o r a t o r y e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------------------------------

Tray conveyors ---------------------------------------------------------------------

I n c i n e r a t o r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

E le c t r ic a l equipment, fix tu r e s and w ire -----------------

L i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s ---------------------------------------------------------------

Intercom and f i r e alarm system ---------------------------------

S w i t c h b o a r d s and p a n e l b o a r d s --------------------------------------

N on cu rren t-carrying d e v ice s ----------------------------------------

W i r e a n d c a b l e ----------------------------------------------------------------------

E l e c t r i c g e n e r a t i n g u n i t s ---------------------------------------------

C u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g w i r i n g d e v i c e s -------------------------------

T.V. system s ----------;---------------------------------------------------------------

C l o c k an d p r o g r a m s y s t e m s ---------------------------------------------

T r a n s f o r m e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A ll

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

$ 2 3 . 9 7

7.20

4.45 

3.81 

2.65 

2.62 

0.71 

2.53

83.45

23.61 

15.37 

14.73

8.70 

4.73 

3.41 

2.27

2.15

1.45 

1.31 

1 .0 1

4.71

63.21

15.61 

10.75 

10.06

8.91

5.47

4.02

3.83

1.26

1.14

1.07

1.09

New

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

$ 2 2 . 4 1

6.85 

3.54 

2.92 

2.77 

3.03 

0.59 

2.71

81.51

20.83

9.43

15.92

10.67

4.23

2.69

1.91

3.19 

3.34 

2.42 

1.40 

5.48

65.65

14.49

11.27

8.25

10.39

5.19 

5.09

5.85

1.92

1.13 

0.93

1.14

H osp ital

a d d ition

p r o je c t s

$ 2 5 . 0 6

7.45

5.09 

4.43 

2.57 

2.32 

0.79

2.41

84.82

25.59

19.60 

13.89

7.30

5.09 

3.92 

2.53

1.41 

0 .1 0

0.51 

0.74

4.14

61.46

16.41

10.38

11.35

7.86

5.68

3.25

2.39

0.79

1.15

1.16 

1.04

4-

40 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 15. T ota l cost, of m a teria l components fo r each $1,000 o f h o s p ita l 

co n stru ctio n co n tra ct, 1965-66— continued

S elected products and product groups

H eating, v e n t ila t in g , and a ir co n d ition in g

equipment-----------------------------------------------------------------

A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t --------------------------------

R adiators, co n v ectors, and b o i l e r s -------------

Temperature c o n t r o ls ---------------------------------------------

Pu m p s, c o m p r e s s o r s --------------------------------------------------

B low ers, exhausts, and fan s -----------------------------

O i l b u r n e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------

Unit heaters and v e n t ila t o r s ---------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Plumbing p rod u cts --------------------------------------------------------

P l u m b i n g f i x t u r e s ----------------------------------------------------

S t e e l an d g a l v a n i z e d p i p e ----------------------------------

V a l v e s an d s p e c i a l t i e s -----------------------------------------

Cast ir o n p ip e and f i t t i n g s -----------------------------

Copper p ip e s ---------------------------------------------------------------

W a t e r t r e a t m e n t e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lumber and lumber p ro d u cts ------------------------------------

M illw ork ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rough and dressed lumber ------------------------------------

P l y w o o d ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P e t r o l e u m p r o d u c t s ------------------------------------------------------

A s p h a l t p a v i n g -----------------------------------------------------------

Asphalt and tar p itc h e s ------ --------------------------------

A s p h a l t f e l t s -------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Paint and oth er chem ical compounds ------------------

P a i n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A l l o t h e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t -----------------------------------------

Other a c c o u s tic a l t i l e and board ------------------

V inyl w a ll cov erin g -----------------------------------------------

Wood f i b e r b oa rd ------------------------------------------------------

Laminated p la s t ic p an els ------------------------------------

Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A ll T

h o s p ita l 

p r o j e c t s

New

h o s p ita l

p r o je c t s

$ 5 0 . 4 2

18.94 

10.34 

7.66

4.73 

4.64

1.74 

1.43 

0.94

53.39 

1 2 .8 8

12.61

9.94

7.77

7.31

0.74

2.14

24.07

14.87

8 .0 2

1 .0 1

0.17

4.13 

1.56 

1 .1 0

0.99 

0.48

4.00

2.49 

1.51

22.40 

12.92

4.14

1.49 

0.78 

0.77 

2.30

$ 5 2 . 8 2

20.17 

11.78

7.76

4.82

4.00

1 .0 0

2 .0 2

1.27

59.31

13.33

17.09

9.05

8.95

8.41

0.64

1.84

2 2 .0 1

15.90

4.66

1.18

0.27

4.83 

1.90 

1.25

1.28 

0.40

4.11

2.35

1.76

2 2 .8 8

12.99

3.51

1.15

1-64

0.97

2.62

H ospital

a d d ition

p r o je c t s

$ 4 8 . 7 2

18.07 

9.33

7.58 

4.67 

5.09 

2.27 

1 . 0 1

0.70

49.18

12.56

9.41

10.58

6.93

6.53

0.80

2.37

25.52

14.12

10.42

0 .8 8

0 . 1 0

3.64

1.32 

1 .0 0

0.78 

0.54

3.92

2.59

1.33

22.03

12.90

4.58

1.73

0.16

0.62

2.04

NOTE: Group t o t a l s i n c l u d e p r o d u c t s n o t shown s e p a r a t e l y . B e c a u s e o f

rou n d in g, sums o f components may n ot e q u a l t o t a l s .

41 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 16. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of hospital

construction contract, 1959-60

Selected products and product groups

All products------------------------------------------------------

Metal products (except plumbing and heating)-----

Fabricated structural metal products-------------------

Reinforcing bars and jo is ts --------------------------------

Structural steel----------------------------------------------------

Fabricated sheet metal products-------------------------

Metal windows---------------------------------------------------------

Metal doors-------------------------------------------------------------

Ornamental metal----------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other fabricated metal products----------------------------

Builder’ s hardware------------ ----------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other metal products------------------------------------------------

Metal casework--------------------------------------------------------

Copper sheet metal and pipe--------------------------------

Galvanized sheet metal-----------------------------------------

Partitions, lockers, and shelves-----------------------

Aluminum sheet metal---------------------------------------------

Insulation shields------------------------------------------------

Lead--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

Stone, clay and glass products------------------------------

Cement, concrete, and gypsum products-----------------

Ready-mix concrete------------------------------------------------

Gypsum products------------------------------------------------------

Concrete block and brick---------- *--------------------------

Cement------------------------------------------ 1--------------------------

Precast concrete products------------------------------------

Lime--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Concrete pipe---------------------------------------------------------

Structural clay products-----------------------------------------

Brick and structural t ile ------------------------------------

Ceramic t ile -----------------------------------------------------------

Clay sewer pipe------------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------------------

All

hospital

projects

New

hospital

projects

Hospital

addition

projects

$ 544.23 $ 560.63 $ 506.39

143.43 147.45 134.16

96.31 102.18 82.75

36.79 39.48 30.58

21.60 24.02 16.02

14.31 14.89 12.97

11.77 11.44 12.52

7.80 8.00 7.34

3.98 4.29 3.27

0.06 0.06 0.05

11.31 10.52 13.12

10.58 9.96 12.00

0.73 0.56 1.12

35.81 34.75 38.29

13.57 13.85 12.91

8.30 8.35 8.19

4.97 4.22 6.69

3.77 3.39 4.65

1.87 1.69 2.33

1.59 1.85 1.00

0.50 0.55 0.37

1.24 0.85 2.15

105.41 104.05 108.59

51.79 52.30 50.62

28.01 26.64 31.16

8.81 8.58 9.35

6.14 6.97 4.24

3.88 3.83 3.99

3.51 4.73 0.70

0.75 0.66 0.95

0.69 0.89 0.23

21.90 19.76 26.84

12.19 10.50 16.06

8.12 7.27 10.08

1.11 1.37 0.53

0.48 0.62 0.17

42 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 16. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of hospital

construction contract, 1959-60— continued

Selected products and product groups

Other stone, clay and glass products-------

Fiberglas products------------------------------------

Cut stone-----------------------------------------------------

Vinyl t ile ---------------------------------------------------

Window glass-----------------------------------------------

Sand and gravel------------------------------------------

Asphalt t ile -----------------------------------------------

Asbestos insulation----------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------

Fixed hospital equipment-----------------------------

Elevators-----------------------------------------------------

X-ray and related equipment--------------------

Sterilizers and autoclaves----------------------

Kitchen equipment--------------------------------------

Refrigerators---------------------------------------------

Laundry equipment--------------------------------------

Electric generator units-------------------------

Laboratory equipment---------------------------------

Pneumatic tube system-------------------------------

Compressed air and oxygen systems---------

Incinerators-----------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------------------

Electrical equipment, fixtures, and wire'

Lighting fixtures--------------------------------------

Noncurrent-carrying devices--------------------

Switchboards and panelboards------------------

Intercom and fire alarm system--------------

Wire and cable-------------------------------------------

Transformers-----------------------------------------------

Current-carrying wiring devices------------

Program systems-----------------------------------------

Electric clock, telephone and T.V.-------

Other------------------------------------------------------------

All

hospital

proj ects

$ 31.72

9.59

6.94

5.47

3.19

2.31

1.55

0.96

1.71

88.49

22.62

12.84

1 2 . 2 0 

10.65

6.72

6 . 0 0 

5.76

2.96

2.09

1.33

0.59

4.73

59.68

15.39

10.84

10.67

5.98

5.11

3.26

2.87

1.98

1.89

1.69

New

hospital

proj ects

$ 31.99

9.47

7.42

5.01

3.04

2.06

1.92

1.16

1.91

94.49

2 0 . 0 0

15.30

13.34

13.60

6.57

6.65

6.46

2.80

2.71

1.23

0.64

5.19

62.31

15.9 7

10.97

11.40

5.72

5.25

3.92

2.70

2.79

1.94

1.65

Hospital

addition

proj ects

$ 31.13

9.87

5.82

6.54

3.53

2.87

0.70

0.51

1.29

74.55

28.67

7.17

9.56

3.82

7.07

4.49

4.15

3.31

0 . 6 6

1.56

0.48

3.61

53.62

14.06

10.54

8.99

6.58

4.81

1.73

3.26

0 . 1 1

1.78

1.76

43 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 16. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of hospital

construction contract, 1959-60— continued

Selected products and product groups

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning

equipment-----------------------------------------------------

Radiators, convectors, and boilers-----------

Air conditioning equipment-------------------------

Temperature controls----------------------------------- -

Blowers, exhaust and fans---------------------------

Pumps and compressors----------------------------------

Unit heaters and ventilators----------------------

Storage tanks-------------------------------------------------

Oil burners-----------------------------------------------------

Other---------------------------------------------------------------

Plumbing products---------------------------------------------

Plumbing fixtures------------------------------------------

Steel and galvanized pipe---------------------------

Valves and specialties--------------------------------

Cast iron pipe and fittin g s-----------------------

Other---------------------------------------------------------------

Lumber and lumber products-----------------------------

Millwork----------------------------------------------------------

Rough and dressed lumber----------------------------

Plywood------------------------------------------------------------

Other---------------------------------------------------------------

Petroleum products-------------------------------------------

Asphalt paving-----------------------------------------------

Asphalt and tar pitches-------------------------------

Asphalt fe lts -------------------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------------

Paint and other chemical compounds--------------

Paint----------------------------------------------------------------

Other--------------------------------------------------------------

A ll other------------------------------------------------------------

Construction equipment---------------------------------

Laminated plastic panels-----------------------------

Insulating board-------------------------------------------

Other---------------------------------------------------------------

A ll

hospital

proj ects

New

hospital

projects

Hospitar

addition

projects

$ 53.43 $ 57.89 $ 43.19

14.99 16.49 11.55

14.68 16.58 10.27

10.40 11.51 7.85

4.80 4.48 5.56

3.31 3.17 3.61

2.38 2.81 1.41

1.77 2.06 1.11

0.80 0.54 1.38

0.30 0.25 0.45

47.41 47.65 46.86

15.46 16.18 13.79

14.61 13.23 17.80

9.96 9.92 10.05

5.80 6.57 4.03

1.58 1.75 1.19

22.94 21.60 26.07

16.26 14.88 19.45

5.41 5.12 6.07

1.00 1.22 0.50

0.27 0.38 0.05

4.89 5.48 3.46

1.46 1.90 0.43

1.28 1.30 1.23

0.91 0.86 1.01

1.24 1.42 0.79

4.39 4.53 4.07

2.51 2.58 2.36

1.88 1.95 1.71

14.16 15.18 11.82

11.65 12.18 10.39

0.58 0.76 0.16

0.49 0.59 0.27

1.44 1.65 1.00

NOTE: Group totals include products not shown separately. Because of

rounding, sums of components may not equal totals.

- 44 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 17. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of nursing

home construction, 1965-66

Selected products and product groups New

A ll products $1146.24

Metal products (except plumbing and heating)

Fabricated structural metal products--------------

Structural steel-----------------------------------------------

Reinforcing bars and jo is ts ---------------------------

Fabricated sheet metal------------------------------------

Metal doors--------------------------------------------------------

Metal windows----------------------------------------------------

Ornamental metal-----------------------------------------------

Registers, g r ills , and diffusers------------------

Other-------------------------------------------------------------------

261.19

190.52

52.14

44.82

30.20

22.51

12.49

7.01

4.43

16.92

Other fabricated metal products

Builder’ s hardware-------------------

Other-------------------------------------------

26.88

22.44

4.44

Other metal products-------------------------

Metal casework--------------------------------

Galvanized sheet metal------------------

Aluminum sheet metal---------------------

Partitions, lockers, and shelves

Copper products------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------

43.79

15.35

10.34

9.03

3.13

2.76

3.18

Stone, clay, and glass products 219.16

Cement, concrete and gypsum products

Ready-mix concrete----------------------------

Concrete block and brick------------------

Gypsum products----------------------------------

Precast concrete products----------------

Cement--------------------------------------------------

Lime------------------------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------

109.55

50.72

22.77

17.91

9.28

6.65

1.77

0.45

Structural clay products-----

Brick and structural tile

Ceramic t ile -----------------------

Clay sewer pipe------------------

Other------------------------------------

46.84

26.07

17.83

2 . 2 2

0.72

- 45 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 17. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of nursing

home construction, 1965-66—-continued

Selected products and product groups New

Other stone, clay and glass products-----

Fiberglas insulation------------------------------

Vinyl tile (including vinyl-asbestos)

Window glass---------------------------------------------

Sand and gravel---------------------------------------

Asbestos insulation--------------------------------

Cut stone--------------------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------

$ 62.77

17.56

13.00

9.15

6.05

3.73

3.27

1 0 . 0 1

Fixed hospital equipment---------------------------------------------

Kitchen equipment-----------------------------------------------------

Elevators, moving stairways and dumb waiters-----

Sterilizers and autoclaves--------------------------------------

Compressed air and oxygen system---------------------------

Refrigerators, walk-in coolers and ice stations

Incinerators---------------------------------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------------------------

120.96

65.50

26.15

4.03

2 . 0 2

1 . 6 6

1.40

2 0 . 2 0

Electrical equipment, fixtures and wire

Lighting fixtures------------------------------------

Noncurrent-carrying devices------------------

Intercom and fire alarm system------------

Wire and cable------------------------------------------

Switchboards and panelboards----------------

Electric generating units---------------------

Current-carrying wiring devices----------

Transformers---------------------------- ----------------

Clock and program systems---------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------

121.55

33.20

18.09

18.01

16.76

14.67

7.98

6.83

2.59

0.56

2 . 8 6

Heating, v e n tila tin g , and a ir conditioning equipment—

Air conditioning equipment----------------------------------------------------

Radiators, convectors, and b o ile r s ------------------------------------

Temperature controls----------------------------------------------------------------

Blowers, exhaust, and fans----------------------------------------------------

Pumps, compressors---------------------------------------------------------------------

O il burners-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unit heaters and v e n tila to r s ------------------------------------------------

Other----------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------

118.44

45.03

31.28

20.57

10.30

6 . 1 2

2.32

0.94

1 . 8 8

46 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 17. Total cost of materials per 100 square feet of nursing

home construction, 1965-66— continued

Selected products and product groups New

Plumbing products---------------------

Plumbing fixtures------------------

Steel and galvanized pipe—

Copper pipes---------------------------

Cast iron pipe and fittin gs

Valves and specialties--------

Other---------------------------------------

$109.71

44.61

17.13

14.70

14.23

11.55

7.49

Lumber and lumber productsM il lw o r k ------------------------------------

Rough and dressed lumber

Plywood-------------------------------

Other----------------------------------

101.87

56.84

31.82

9.30

3.91

Petroleum products------------

Asphalt paving----------------

Asphalt fe lts ------------------

Asphalt and tar pitches

Other--------------------------------

20.80

8.87

7.07

3.99

0.87

Paint and other chemical compounds

Paint------------------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------

14.28

8.85

5.43

A ll other-----------------------------------------------

Construction equipment-------------------

Other accoustical tile and boards

Wood fiber board------------------------------

Vinyl wall covering------------------------

Laminated plastic panels----------------

Other--------------------------------------------------

58.28

24.61

17.99

5.70

3.92

2.04

4.02

NOTE: Group totals include products not shown separately.

Because of rounding, sums of components may not equal totals.

- 47 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 18. Total cost of material components for each $1,000 of

nursing home construction contract, 1965-66

Selected products and product groups New

A ll products $548.74

Metal products (except plumbing and heating)

Fabricated structural metal products--------------

Structural steel-----------------------------------------------

Reinforcing bars and jo is ts ---------------------------

Fabricated sheet metal------------------------------------

Metal doors--------------------------------------------------------

Metal windows----------------------------------------------------

Ornamental metal-----------------------------------------------

Registers, g rills and diffusers-------------------

Other-------------------------------------------------------------------

125.04

91.21

24.96

21.46

14.46

10.77

5.98

3.36

2 . 1 2

8 . 1 0

Other fabricated metal products

Builder's hardware-------------------

Other-------------------------------------------

1 2 . 8 6

10.74

2 . 1 2

Other metal products-------------------------

Metal casework--------------------------------

Galvanized sheet metal------------------

Aluminum sheet metal---------------------

Partitions, lockers, and shelves

Copper products------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------------

20.97

7.35

4.95

4.32

1.50

1.32

1.53

Stone, clay, and glass products 104.92

Cement, concrete and gypsum products

Ready-mix concrete----------------------------

Concrete block and brick------------------

Gypsum products----------------------------------

Precast concrete products----------------

Cement--------------------------------------------------

Lime------------------------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------

52.44

24.28

10.90

8.58

4.44

3.18

0.85

0 . 2 1

Structural clay products-----

Brick and structural tile

Ceramic t ile -----------------------

Clay sewer pipe------------------

Other------------------------------------

22.43

12.48

8.54

1.06

0.35

- 48 -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e 1 8 . T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r i a l c o m p o n e n t s f o r e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f 

n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — c o n t i n u e d

S e l e c t e d p r o d u c t s a n d p r o d u c t g r o u p s

O t h e r s t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s —

F i b e r g l a s i n s u l a t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------

V i n y l t i l e ( i n c l u d i n g v i n y l - a s b e s t o s )

W i n d o w g l a s s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S a n d a n d g r a v e l -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A s b e s t o s i n s u l a t i o n -----------------------------------------------------------------

C u t s t o n e -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$

N e w

3 0 . 0 5

8 . 4 0

6 . 2 3

4 . 3 8

2 . 9 0

1 . 7 9 

1 . 5 6

4 . 7 9

F i x e d h o s p i t a l e q u i p m e n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

K i t c h e n e q u i p m e n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

E l e v a t o r s , m o v i n g s t a i r w a y s a n d d u m b w a i t e r s -----------

S t e r i l i z e r s a n d a u t o c l a v e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o m p r e s s e d a i r a n d o x y g e n s y s t e m ------------------------------------------------------

R e f r i g e r a t o r s , w a l k - i n c o o l e r s a n d i c e s t a t i o n s

I n c i n e r a t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 7 . 8 9

3 1 . 3 6

1 2 . 5 2

1 . 9 3

0 . 9 7

0 . 7 9

0 . 6 7

9 . 6 5

E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t , f i x t u r e s a n d w i r e -

L i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------

N o n c u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g d e v i c e s ------------------------------------

I n t e r c o m a n d f i r e a l a r m s y s t e m -------------------------

W i r e a n d c a b l e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S w i t c h b o a r d s a n d p a n e l b o a r d s --------------------------------

E l e c t r i c g e n e r a t i n g u n i t s --------------------------------------------

C u r r e n t - c a r r y i n g w i r i n g d e v i c e s ---------------------

T r a n s f o r m e r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C l o c k a n d p r o g r a m s y s t e m s -------------------------------------------

O t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 8 . 1 9

1 5 . 8 9

8 . 6 6

8 . 6 2

8 . 0 2

7 . 0 2

3 . 8 2

3 . 2 7

1 . 2 4

0 . 2 7

1 . 3 8

H e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g , a n d a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t —

A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g e q u i p m e n t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

R a d i a t o r s , c o n v e c t o r s , a n d b o i l e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------

T e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B l o w e r s , e x h a u s t , a n d f a n s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P u m p s , c o m p r e s s o r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O i l b u r n e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U n i t h e a t e r s a n d v e n t i l a t o r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 6 . 7 0

2 1 . 5 6

1 4 . 9 7

9 . 8 5

4 . 9 3

2 . 9 3 

1 . 1 1 

0 . 4 5 

0 . 9 0

- 4 9 . -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e 1 8 . T o t a l c o s t o f m a t e r i a l c o m p o n e n t s f o r e a c h $ 1 , 0 0 0 o f 

n u r s i n g h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n t r a c t , 1 9 6 5 - 6 6 — c o n t i n u e d

S e l e c t e d p r o d u c t s a n d p r o d u c t g r o u p s N e w

P l u m b i n g p r o d u c t s -------------------------------------------

P l u m b i n g f i x t u r e s ------------------------------------

S t e e l a n d g a l v a n i z e d p i p e —

C o p p e r p i p e s ------------------------------------------------------

C a s t i r o n p i p e a n d f i t t i n g s

V a l v e s a n d s p e c i a l t i e s -----------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

$ 5 2 . 5 3 

2 1 . 3 6 

8 . 2 0 

7 . 0 4 

6 . 8 1 

5 . 5 3 

3 . 5 9

L u m b e r a n d l u m b e r p r o d u c t s

M i l l w o r k ----------------------------------------------------------

R o u g h a n d d r e s s e d l u m b e r

P l y w o o d --------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r ---------------------------------------------------------------------

4 8 . 7 6

2 7 . 2 1

1 5 . 2 3

4 . 4 5

1 . 8 7

P e t r o l e u m p r o d u c t s ------------------------

A s p h a l t p a v i n g ---------------------------------

A s p h a l t f e l t s -----------------------------------

A s p h a l t a n d t a r p i t c h e s 

O t h e r -----------------------------------------------------------------

9 . 9 6

4 . 2 5

3 . 3 8

1 . 9 1

0 . 4 2

P a i n t a n d o t h e r c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d s

P a i n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O t h e r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6 . 8 3

4 . 2 4

2 . 5 9

A l l o t h e r ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t ---------------------------------------

O t h e r a c c o u s t i c a l t i l e a n d b o a r d s

W o o d f i b e r b o a r d -------------------------------------------------------------

V i n y l w a l l c o v e r i n g --------------------------------------------------

L a m i n a t e d p l a s t i c p a n e l s --------------------------------

O t h e r — ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 7 . 9 2

1 1 . 7 9

8 . 6 1

2 . 7 3

1 . 8 8

0 . 9 8

1 . 9 3

N O T E : G r o u p t o t a l s i n c l u d e p r o d u c t s n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .

B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f c o m p o n e n t s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s .

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