The USAID microenterprise web site,

www.USAIDMicro.org, contains the latest

microenterprise research and reports, and

links to other informative web sites. 

Produced by Weidemann Associates, Inc.

under the USAID-funded MicroServe

Indefinite Quantity Contract Numbers: 

PCE-0406-I-00-6012-00, PCE-I-00-96-90012-00

and USAID Contract No. PCE-I-00-98-00012-00,

Task Order No. 06, with the Barents Group 

of KPMG Consulting, LLC under Subcontract 

No. AID-99-I-00012-000-0029, Technical

Assistance Order #3

By 

Weidemann Associates, Inc.

933 North Kenmore Street, Suite 405

Arlington, Virginia 22201 USA

Tel: 703-522-3075 Fax: 703-525-6169 

Email: WeidAssoc@aol.com

Internet: www.weidemann.org.

December 2002

Cover photo courtesy of Geoffrey Chalmers

For more information, contact 

U.S. Agency for International Development

Washington, DC 20523-1000

Telephone: 202-712-4810

www.usaid.gov
The cover features a client of Pro Mujer Peru. With USAID

funding, Pro Mujer International opened a third country

program in Puno, Peru, successfully transferring credit and

training methodology, policies and procedures, and lessons

learned in Bolivia and Nicaragua to Pro Mujer Peru.

The Peru program has been a model start-up program for

Pro Mujer, demonstrating efficiency in the preliminary

start-up process, quality of services to its clients,

responsible growth in portfolio, and a clear vision for the

future of the program. The program started in April 2000

and has surpassed its first year targets. As of December

2001 they had 9,985 loans outstanding totaling $685,161.

Photograph: Geoffrey Chalmers
March 2003 Photo by Rohanna Mertens for ACCION.

Fatouma Djibril Issifou, a client of PADME in Benin, used her loan to buy vegetables

in bulk. 

Linking the Poor to Opportunity: 

The Microenterprise Development Initiative

Report Microenterprise Results Reporting for 2001

U. S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
USAID Microserve Indefinite Quantity Contract Numbers: PCE-0406-I-00-60120-00, 

PCE-I-00-96-90012-00, Delivery Order #5, Microenterprise Results Reporting; and, 

USAID Contract No. PCE-I-00-908-00012-00, Task Order # 06, with the Barents Group of

KPMG, LLC, Under Subcontract No. AID-99-I-00012-000-0029, Technical Assistance Order #3

Submitted by Weidemann Associates, Inc.

To USAID/Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade/

Office of Poverty Reduction/Microenterprise Development Division (USAID/EGAT/MD)

By Catherine Neill, Weidemann Associates, Inc. under the direction of

Katharine McKee, Director USAID/EGAT/MD, with assistance from 

Mark Engman and Geoffrey Chalmers.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY III

CONTENTS

Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Linking the Poor to Opportunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

USAID’s Microenterprise Development Strategy – The New Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

The Three Pillars of USAID’s Microenterprise Development Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Microfinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

How Does USAID Support Microfinance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

By Scaling Up Microfinance Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

By Reaching Out to Poorer, Hard-to-Reach Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

By Improving the Quality of Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

By Achieving Sustainable Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Business Development Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

How Does USAID Support BDS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

By Supporting Services that Boost Microenterprise Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

By Supporting Appropriate Services for Poorer Clients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

By Supporting Sustainable and Competitive Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Creating an Enabling Environment for Microenterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Microenterprise Funding in FY 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Funds for the Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Funds for Private Voluntary Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Results from USAID-Supported Microenterprise Institutions in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Microfinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Business Development Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Policy Advocacy and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Appendix I: Methodology to Calculate Percentage of Funds for the Poor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Appendix II: USAID’s Annual Microenterprise Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Appendix III: USAID Microenterprise Funding by Country, 1992–2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
IV LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

Tables and Figures

Table 1. Sources of USAID Funds for Microenterprise 

by Appropriation Account, 1991-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Table 2. FY 2001 Funding by Region of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Table 3. Uses of FY 2001 Funding by USAID Bureau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 4. Percentage of Funds Committed to Poverty Lending, FY 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table 5. Average Annual Funding to PVOs for 1997-2001 

with Clients Then and Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Table 6. Clients of Lending Institutions in 2000 and 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 7. Average Loan Balance and Percentage of Women Clients in 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 8. Clients with Poverty Loans in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 9. Number of Savers and Savings Amounts in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 10. Leading Savings Institutions or Networks Supported by USAID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 11. Location of Microfinance Clients, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 12. Average Repayment and Loan Loss Rates, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 13. Sustainability of USAID-Supported Institutions, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 14. Clients of USAID-Supported BDS Programs, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 15. USAID’s Microenterprise Survey Respondents, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Table 16. USAID Funding for Microenterprise Institutions, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Table 17. USAID Microenterprise Funding by Country, 1992–2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 1. Amount of Portfolio for Lending Institutions in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY V

ACRONYMS

ACDI/VOCA Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas

Cooperation and Assistance

AFE Action for Enterprise

AIMS Assessing the Impacts of Microenterprise Services

ANE Asia and the Near East Region (USAID)

ATA Aid to Artisans

BDS Business Development Services

BRI Bank Rakyat Indonesia

CAMFA Central Asian Microfinance Alliance

CAR Central Asian Republics

CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation

CPIP Credit Policy Improvement Program

CRS Catholic Relief Services

DA Development Assistance

DCA Development Credit Authority 

DdG Diálogo de Gestiones

E&E Europe & Eurasia Region (USAID)

EGAT Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade (USAID)

ESF Economic Support Funds

FSA Freedom Support Act

FY Fiscal Year

GDP Gross Domestic Product

IDE International Development Enterprise

IRIS Center for Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector

JOBS Job Opportunities and Business Support

LAC Latin America and Caribbean Region (USAID)

MBP Microenterprise Best Practices 

MFI Microfinance Institution

MRR Microenterprise Results Reporting

NGO Non-governmental Organization

NOA New Obligating Authority

ODC Office of Development Credit (USAID)

OI Opportunity International
VI LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

PVC Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation (USAID)

PVO Private Voluntary Organization

SAI Special Assistance Initiative

SEED Support for Eastern European Democracy

SEEP Small Enterprise Education and Promotion Network

SEPA Support Program for Artisanal Product Exports

SEWA Self-Employed Women’s Association

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VITA Volunteers in Technical Assistance

WEP Women’s Empowerment Program (PACT Nepal)

WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Global markets thrive on connectivity.

Advanced communications and technologies move data, services, and information

around the world for 24-hour operations.

Transport and logistics management systems

make it possible to spread manufacturing processes among multiple continents and connect

producers and consumers in dense networks of

trade. Financial systems transmit unprecedented volumes of savings, investments, and profits

worldwide. Such integrated systems create

enormous opportunities for producers and

consumers who can access markets for a rich

and varied supply of goods and services. 

Unfortunately, most of the world’s population

cannot enjoy the benefits of this connectivity.

The vast majority of microenterprises1 — the

informal businesses that are the predominant

source of income and employment in most

developing countries today2 — are isolated

from wider markets by poor infrastructure.

They are therefore deprived of the information

that would enable them to produce and market

more effectively. Without these basics, these

enterprises struggle to stay viable — and their

owners often struggle to survive. This is particularly the case in remote rural areas. 

Even microenterprises in urban areas are

severely constrained by lack of formal business

registration and title to premises, compromising their ability to grow and access formal

financial markets with collateral. They are further constrained by poor public services —

telephones, mail, water, sewage — that limit

the use of technologies with the potential to

improve product quality and extend market

outreach. Private business service providers

that could help connect microenterprises with

essential tools and resources — like market

intelligence, advertising, communications, and

accounting skills — often pay scant attention to

the needs of such tiny businesses. The result is

that few of the benefits of increasing connectivity are felt by poor microentrepreneurs and

their households. 

The United States Agency for International

Development (USAID) has been working over

the past three decades to expand opportunities

for hundreds of millions of people who rely on

microenterprises in the informal sector for

their livelihoods. USAID has invested in hundreds of private microenterprise development

organizations around the world; organizations

that are reshaping financial and business service markets to better serve poorer clients.

Improved and expanded service to many more

of the poor is needed so they may access varied

sources of capital, information, inputs, technologies, and markets. By linking to these

resources, poor entrepreneurs will be better

able to seize opportunities they have not had

and to create better lives for themselves and

their families. 

USAID’s microenterprise development strategy must address two pressing challenges: 

1 Microenterprises are defined by USAID as businesses with fewer than ten employees that are owned and operated by poor

people.

2 For example, in Nigeria and Egypt 60-80% of GDP comes from the informal sector; in Morocco, Mexico, and Peru 40-60% of

GDP is from the informal sector. See Schneider, Frederich and Dominik Enste, “Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and

Consequences, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXVIII (March 2000) p.80.
2 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

■ To link microenterprises to greater opportunities for growth, which includes integrating them on more favorable terms into

the formal economies of their countries

and connecting them to expanded information and resource networks.

■ To bring the benefits of microfinance and

business development services to poorer

people (“reaching down”), ensuring that

the positive impacts of microenterprise

development programs reach those in the

most need. 

USAID works in partnership with private voluntary organizations (PVOs), local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other

organizations to extend much-needed services

to an expanding circle of underserved clients,

especially women, the rural poor, and smallholder farm families. The track record of

USAID and other donors proves that, despite

the challenges of extending services to the

poor, microenterprise development can be carried out effectively and sustainably, even while

focusing on reaching poorer and more vulnerable clients. 

Highlights of USAID support to the microenterprise development sector in FY 2001

include: 

■ More than $155 million in financial

support went to microenterprise development programs worldwide. In FY

2001, USAID committed $158.7 million to

microenterprise. USAID’s average annual

funding to microenterprise development

over the last five years is $155 million. 

■ Two-thirds (67%) of all USAID

microenterprise funding was for financial services. Assistance to microfinance

institutions (MFIs) and microfinance networks took the form of funds for loan capital, operational expenses, technical

assistance and institutional capacity building. Support also includes strengthening

the financial infrastructure that will allow

microfinance to flourish, for example, by

building national practitioner networks,

credit bureaus, credit ratings agencies, and

sound regulatory and supervisory systems. 

■ More than half of all USAID funding

was directed to very poor entrepreneurs. Thus, USAID met the target 

established in the Microenterprise for SelfReliance Act of 2000 that at least 50 percent of all microenterprise development

funds be directed to the very poor. Loan

size serves as the proxy to estimate the

poverty level of microenterprise clients.3

■ Many MFIs supported by USAID are

now offering new and innovative services designed to meet the needs of

poorer clients. In addition to working

capital and fixed asset loans for enterprises,

many institutions now offer an array of

products designed to help households build

assets, reduce vulnerability, and invest in

the future. USAID-supported institutions

provide savings and deposit services, insurance, remittance and payment services, as

well as loans tailored to farmers, housing,

family emergencies, and school fees. 

■ More than 5.6 million microentrepreneurs received loans through

USAID-assisted microfinance institutions. Of these, 2.8 million clients received

loans through USAID-supported institutions, which had outstanding portfolios of

3 The Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act of 2000 defined poverty loans, by region, as: $300 or less in Asia, the Near East,

and Africa; $400 or less in Latin America and the Caribbean; and $1,000 or less in Eastern Europe and Eurasia. USAID and its

partners are beginning work on additional poverty measurement proxies for microenterprise clients. 
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 3

$918 million and average loan size of $317.

Another 2.8 million borrowers received

loans through a single institution, the Bank

Rakyat Indonesia (BRI)4 with an outstanding portfolio of $963 million and average

loan size of $345. 

■ The clients of the vast majority of

USAID-assisted microfinance institutions were women and the very poor. Of

the clients of all USAID-assisted institutions excluding BRI, more than two-thirds

(73%) were women. More than two-thirds

(69%) of these loans were also in amounts

defined as poverty loans. While BRI’s

clients are predominately male (16%

women), more than half received poverty

loans (51%). 

■ More than 30 million savers benefited

from USAID assistance to ensure that

the poor have access to safe and reliable

savings services. BRI held savings for 27

million clients, with accumulated savings 

of $2.15 billion, or $79 per client. Another

3.5 million savers had savings valued at

$425 million in other USAID-assisted

institutions, with average individual savings

of $121.

■ More than one-half of all the MFIs with

USAID support were either operationally or fully sustainable. USAID’s

commitment to building sustainable services for the poor is reflected in the number of institutions that are making steady

progress toward the goal of covering all

their operational expenses, including the

cost of the funds. 

■ More than 800,000 microenterprises

benefited from USAID support to business development services (BDS) programs. The vast majority (80%) of BDS

clients live in rural areas where access to

markets is extremely limited. USAIDsupported BDS programs are helping to

link poor microentrepreneurs to growing

markets; increase productivity through new

technologies; offer appropriate and affordable services for poorer enterprises; and

build sustainable and competitive business

service markets. 

■ USAID provided $13.1 million to institutions that do policy advocacy and

reform on behalf of microentrepreneurs

and microenterprise institutions. Of this

amount, $5.9 million supported policy

reforms that improve the business environment for microenterprises, in areas such as

business registration and licensing, trade

policy, and cooperative regulation. Another

$7.2 million went for policy and regulatory

reform in the financial sector that benefited

microfinance institutions and their clients. 

USAID’s microenterprise support is helping to

link microentrepreneurs and microenterprise

institutions to many more opportunities for

growth and expansion. As programs expand

and achieve sustained impact, the world benefits from the increased growth and economic

stability of the microenterprises owned and

operated by the poor. This trend serves to

expand economic opportunity and mitigate

extreme poverty, which contributes to political

instability, conflict, and the intractability of

such problems as rapid population growth, the

spread of infectious diseases, drug trafficking,

and environmental degradation. Linking

microenterprises to opportunity is helping to

build stronger, more vibrant economies and

societies while giving hope to millions of poor

households throughout the world.

4 Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) currently has a cooperative agreement with USAID to promote increased efficiency and competitiveness of BRI units and to facilitate economic recovery by expanding services to the microenterprise sector. Funding

to BRI in FY2000 was $300,000. No additional funding was provided in FY2001.
4 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

I

n a world where markets thrive on

connectivity, most of the world’s

population can neither participate in

nor enjoy the benefits of the integration of markets and commercial

activity. In most developing and

emerging market economies, the

microenterprise sector constitutes a

high proportion of economic activity

for poor households. The vast majority of microenterprises — the informal businesses that are the predominant source of income and

employment in most developing

countries today (see, for example, box

on page 5) — are isolated from wider

markets by poor infrastructure, and deprived of

the information that would provide for more

efficient production and marketing. Without

these basics, these enterprises struggle to stay

viable — and their owners often struggle to

survive. This is particularly the case in remote,

rural areas. 

Even microenterprises in urban areas are

severely constrained by lack of formal business

registration and title to premises, compromising their ability to grow and access formal

financial markets with collateral. They are further constrained by poor public services —

telephones, mail, water, sewage — that limit

the use of technologies with the potential to

improve product quality and extend market

outreach. Private business service providers

that could help connect microenterprises with

essential tools and resources, like market intelIn Azerbaijan, CHF’s BDS programs help clients access new markets. 

Photo courtesy of CHF International.

What are Microenterprises?

Microenterprises are small, often informally organized businesses that are owned and

operated by poor and very poor entrepreneurs. USAID defines a microenterprise as one

that comprises 10 or fewer employees, including unpaid family workers, in which the

owner/operator of the enterprise (the “microentrepreneur”) is considered poor. By limiting its definition of microenterprises to those whose owner/operators are poor,

USAID ensures that the focus of its efforts remains on the most vulnerable households

in higher-risk environments.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 5

ligence, advertising, communications, and

accounting skills, often pay scant attention to

the needs of such tiny businesses. 

The importance of microenterprises to the

income and welfare of poor households can

hardly be overstated. Families use microenterprise earnings for essentials such as food, clothing, medical care, school fees, to build up

savings, or as a cushion against sudden shocks.

Such benefits to the poor, particularly

improvements in health and education, contribute powerfully to several Millennium

Development Goals, the measurable targets set

by world leaders to combat poverty, hunger,

disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation,

and discrimination against women. 

Microenterprises, which largely belong to the

informal sector, also constitute a significant

part of the overall economy in many nations.

Given the impressive contribution to employment (as well as GDP) of microenterprises in

many developing economies, even moderate

increases in microenterprise income can have

significant effects on a country’s prosperity.

Similarly, given their share of economic activity, productivity and employment gains

achieved by these tiny firms can contribute as

much to economic growth as can larger firms. 

Yet, the full potential of this sector — in both

poverty reduction and economic growth —

cannot be realized as long as households are

confined to using underdeveloped markets and

producing simple products with rudimentary

technologies for sale to equally poor consumers. Neither can the sector contribute to

the growth and dynamism of the economy

until their principle constraints are removed.

One very promising avenue to boost the

incomes of tens of millions of poor households

around the world is to break their economic

isolation — by linking them to the formal

financial sector, and by linking their microenterprises to higher-value markets, better technologies, and essential information and

knowledge. Furthermore, emerging evidence

Importance of the Informal Sector 

Every economy has an informal sector, a “shadow” economy that does not figure into

official calculations. The tiny firms and self-employed individuals in this sector are not

registered. Typically, their operations are below the radar screen of taxing authorities

and other regulators. Their access to publicly-supported services is often minimal or

non-existent. In poor countries the informal sector, which is comprised primarily of

microenterprises, contributes significantly to the overall economy. 

■ In Nigeria, Egypt, and the Philippines the shadow economy is estimated to be

about 70% as large as the reported GDP. 

■ In Morocco, Mexico, and Peru the informal sector is estimated to be 50% as large as

reported GDP. 

From Schneider, Frederich and Dominik Enste, “Shadow Economies: Size Causes and

Consequences, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXVIII (March 2000) p.80. 
shows that even very poor households benefit

from market linkage activities, especially if programs are designed and implemented proactively with their circumstances in mind. 

For 40 years, the U.S. Agency for International

Development (USAID) has led our nation’s

efforts to help improve the lives of poor people

around the world. Microenterprise development has played a key role in the gains made on

this front. For the past two decades, USAID

has been the leading bilateral donor in this

field. 

By creating more effective markets and linking

poor entrepreneurs to resources and markets

that work for them, USAID is helping to

address the ways microentrepreneurs have

been marginalized from economic growth.

6 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 7

USAID’S MICROENTERPRISE

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY — 

THE NEW CHALLENGES

Despite the impressive achievements and

successes of the past 40 years, the

microenterprise development field is at a challenging crossroads. USAID is committed to

pursuing a strategy in the coming years that

reflects the most pressing needs of the

microenterprise development field. This strategy, which will be pursued throughout

USAID’s three “pillars” (microfinance, business development services, and enabling environment), focuses on two broad priorities:

■ First, to link microenterprises to greater

opportunities for growth, which includes

integrating them on more favorable terms

into the formal economies of their countries and connecting them to expanded

information and resource networks.

■ Second, to bring the benefits of microfinance and business development services to

poorer enterprises and households (“reaching down”). 

USAID’s investments in the coming years will

test diverse approaches, helping microenterprise development programs innovate and

adapt to more successfully meet the needs of

the poorest microentrepreneurs. (For examples, refer to the insert on “Reaching Further

Down Market,” page 22.)

Aveladra Sabon Sajquill, client of ACCION affiliate Génesis

in Guatemala. 

Photo courtesy of Rebecca Janes for ACCION.
8 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

THE THREE PILLARS OF

USAID’S MICROENTERPRISE

DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT

USAID is a world leader in pushing the

frontiers of microenterprise development

to build markets that work for the very poor,

the rural poor, and women. To maximize the

effectiveness of its funding, USAID supports

the three building blocks for successful

microenterprise development: microfinance,

business development services, and policy and

regulatory development. 

Microfinance

How does USAID support

microfinance?

USAID’s support for microfinance focuses on

two equally important objectives. The first of

these is the development and expansion of

strong microfinance institutions (MFIs) —

those with effective governance structures and

credible business plans to cover all operating

expenses, including the cost of capital, through

operating income within a reasonable timeframe. The second objective is the promotion

of client-responsive products and services

with the potential to reach more poor and very

poor entrepreneurs, especially underserved

populations such as the rural poor, women, and

those in conflict or crisis situations. 

In supporting strong MFIs and promoting

innovations in services, USAID follows the

four fundamentals of successful poverty alleviation programs:

■ Scaling up to reach dramatically greater

numbers of poor and very poor households;

■ Expanding the outreach of microenterprise development to underserved 

households; 

■ Improving the quality of microenterprise

services, making sure they add value to

microenterprises and increase net income

and security; and

■ Achieving impacts that are sustainable

over the long term. 

What is Microfinance?

“Microfinance” refers to the provision of financial services to poor and very poor households. Microcredit is the most visible and well-known microfinance product. Other

equally important financial services include savings and deposit services, insurance and

remittance services. The list grows as microfinance institutions develop new products

in response to client demand and increasing competition. 
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 9

By Scaling Up Microfinance

Programs

In its World Development Indicators 2000, the

World Bank estimates that 1.2 billion people

around the world live on less than $1 a day. It

is estimated that the number of poor households worldwide who depend on income from

microenterprise is in the hundreds of millions,

yet it is likely that less than 10 percent of these

potential clients actually have access to financial services. Thus, for USAID to make a significant contribution to poverty reduction, its

partners must be capable of achieving significant scale of outreach — that is, reaching large

numbers of the poor. Furthermore, building

vibrant markets for financial services in the

long term will require MFIs to reach sustainability through reaching large numbers of

clients. 

CARD in the Philippines is an example of an

MFI that has been able to scale up, with the

support of USAID-Philippines, while holding

to its objective to reach poor clients. Initiating

activities to extend services to the rural poor in

1990, today CARD has 25 branches and serves

more than 42,000 women clients, with an average loan size of US $94. Almost all of CARD’s

clients have income below the poverty line.

About half belong to smallholder farm families.

CARD offers a variety of loan products to its

Does Microfinance Work?

Evidence from around the world (see, for example, publications from USAID’s AIMS project, www.usaidmicro.org) strongly suggests that well-designed microfinance is an

essential tool for helping poor households improve net income and cope with risk and

vulnerability. Research has shown that access to appropriate credit products and a safe,

convenient place to save have positive impacts on microenterprise households. Such

services increase and diversify household income. Families are also able to build assets

that may be needed as a cushion when they face natural disasters, or the death or disability of a breadwinner. In short, access to microfinance helps families to be proactive

rather than reactive, to invest in their businesses when new opportunities arise, to put

kids through school, to improve housing, and to plan for old age.

Tekla Ngwerume used her loan from Zambuko Trust to buy

material for her sewing business. Profits have been so good

that she can better provide for her family. She has even been

able to buy her own sewing machine.

Photo courtesy of Opportunity International (OI).
10 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

clients, including savings, working capital

loans, housing loans, and multi-purpose loans. 

One way USAID’s partners have been able to

grow quickly is through gaining access to commercial capital. Such commercialization facilitates a dramatic expansion of resources and

services available to microenterprises. In

Bolivia, for example, a decade of investment in

microenterprise support institutions, including

formal financial institutions, has led to the

impressive expansion of financial services to the

low end of the market. In 1990, the entire

Bolivian financial system had only 195,000

borrowers and 460,000 savers. By 2001, the

financial sector served 616,000 borrowers and

1.4 million savers, largely reflecting the growth

in microfinance. 

To further integrate microfinance into formal

commercial finance markets, USAID funds

innovative market-building activities. For

example, USAID fosters the development of

credit ratings agencies that analyze risk for

potential financiers of MFIs. Ratings agencies

encourage greater transparency and remove

critical information barriers, crucial to attract

the private investment that MFIs need to fund

portfolio expansion. 

Another innovation is to assist in the development of credit bureaus. Well-functioning credit bureaus incorporate the repayment patterns

of clients across institutions and allow lenders

to better assess individual credit risk. This ultimately leads to service expansion, helps protect

clients against over indebtedness, and reduces

the cost of credit to deserving borrowers.

USAID funding for research and experimentation is helping to determine effective ways to

support credit bureaus that are linked to private

sector initiatives in places such as El Salvador

and Jordan.

USAID also uses grant and credit instruments

to help mature retail MFIs cross the bridge

from donor subsidy to commercial credit.

USAID’s Development Credit Authority

AFRICAP Microfinance Fund

Microfinance is poised for rapid expansion in Africa, with increasing evidence of commercial potential in developing financial services to low-income communities. A number of leading MFIs in Africa are at a critical stage between grant funding and commercial capital and urgently need investment capital and management support.

Based on the success of ProFund in Latin America and increasing evidence of the

potential for commercial microfinance in Africa, a number of donors and private institutions including USAID provided seed funding for the AFRICAP Microfinance Fund,

launched in 2001 by Calmeadow. AFRICAP’s goal is to build successful, sustainable commercial MFIs in Africa by providing patient venture capital, active oversight, and capacity building support. AFRICAP also supports overall industry development activities.

AFRICAP is the first equity investment fund focused on MFIs in Africa. The fund is

expected to invest in about ten MFIs over five years, then divest and liquidate within 

ten years.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 11

(DCA) can offer MFIs “portable guarantees”

that guarantee up to 50 percent of the risk

exposure of a commercial bank willing to lend

to the MFI. To date, USAID has authorized

$21 million in DCA guarantees to support

microfinance institutions and microenterprises

in Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Honduras,

Peru, Uganda, and Morocco. USAID has also

created innovative credit instruments to support bond issues and risk-sharing arrangements. DCA provides a useful and costeffective tool to demonstrate to commercial

banks and other investors that loans 

and credit lines to MFIs are secure, solid

investments. 

By Reaching Out to Poorer,

Hard-to-Reach Clients

Many microfinance programs were born from

a social mission, and most retain dual goals of

impact (enterprise growth and poverty reduction) and sustainability (long-term viability of

the institution). After many years of successful

implementation of financial services, however,

the industry is now seeing sustainability as

more of a means than an end. To push the

“downreach” frontier, much more needs to be

done to ensure that the very poorest microentrepreneurs benefit from access to these vital

services.

While the growth and success of microenterprise development means that millions of poor

people have economic opportunities once

completely out of reach, the fact is that most

microenterprise programs have difficulty

reaching large numbers of extremely poor

households. USAID is committed to exploring

Development Credit Expands Access to 

Commercial Funds

There are an estimated 1.2 million microenterprises in Morocco, yet only 175,000 primarily urban clients are served by 12 MFIs. To expand the operations of two prominent

MFIs, Al Amana and Fondation Zakoura, USAID has extended portable loan guarantees

to allow these institutions to obtain capital at favorable rates. A total of US $2 million

will be authorized for this purpose. The guarantees will add loan capital from private

lenders, while diversifying fund sources for the institutions. The institutions will seek to

develop additional loan products, such as housing loans, for their clients.

Rachida, a client of Al Amana in Morocco, used her

loan to purchase a weaving loom. 

Photo courtesy of Al Amana.
12 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

financial products and low-cost service delivery mechanisms that allow MFIs to address the

needs of risk-averse,5 extremely poor households through cost-effective institutions that

will survive when donor funding fades away.

To achieve this, USAID and its partners will

need to be innovative and carefully consider

the characteristics of the world’s poorest

households. In general, additional “downreach” will occur only by addressing the reasons why many poorer households are either

reluctant to participate in microfinance programs or are excluded from them. 

USAID pursues an aggressive “action

research” agenda by encouraging practitioners

to explore innovative models that tailor

microenterprise products and services to very

poor clients. With USAID support, microfinance institutions developed and implemented

a number of approaches that target the very

poor, such as village banking methodologies,

community-based self-help groups, credit

combined with education services, and flexible

savings services. A client of CRECER selling spices and fruit. 

© 1995–2002 Freedom from Hunger

CRECER Sets an Example in Bolivia

In 1990, Freedom from Hunger began an organization in Bolivia called CRECER (Crédito

con Educación Rural) to implement its Credit with Education program. CRECER is now a

successful, independent Bolivian nonprofit organization. It continues to work with

Freedom from Hunger to expand the program to an ever-increasing number of women

and their families. CRECER offers credit with education to over 31,000 participants who

have borrowed more than US$43 million. Non-formal adult education is provided in the

areas of health, nutrition, family planning and microenterprise management. As of

December 31, 2001, the program had an outstanding loan portfolio of US $4.2 million and

was covering 99 percent of its operating costs. CRECER maintains the lowest average

loan size of any program in Bolivia, reflecting its commitment to reaching the very poor.

5 Poorer households tend to be more risk averse because they have fewer assets to draw on in times of crisis. Taking out a

loan, which could result in loan default and a loss of assets, has inherent risk that is avoided by many. 
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 13

Conflict, natural disasters, and other crises can

deepen poverty sharply. Microenterprise 

development has proven itself as a strategy that

can work in particularly challenging and unstable circumstances, giving vulnerable people a

chance to increase and stabilize incomes even

during times of crisis. There are many examples of successful efforts to support microentrepreneurs in immediate

post-conflict situations, following natural disasters such

as Hurricanes Mitch and

Georges, and in regions, like

southern Africa, now coping

with extremely high rates of

HIV/AIDS infection. 

In the future, USAID will

work in collaboration with

organizations to identify and

assess innovative models in

agricultural microfinance.

One such model could

include enhancing the roles

of traders and retailers that serve as important

sources of credit to microentrepreneurs, small

farmers, and poor rural households. This

research will likely lead to recommendations

on how donors and practitioners can engage

with non-institutional credit providers to deliver services to underserved rural communities.

FINCA Uganda: Adapting Services to Help Poor

Clients Overcome Adversity

FINCA Uganda has grown to become one of FINCA’s largest programs, serving more than

35,000 clients. In doing so, it has developed new products such as life and health insurance. FINCA has also incorporated product improvements, including a lower savings

requirement that allows clients to ‘grow’ faster. Microcare, a health care financing program, was designed to provide clients with a full range of health care services through

hospitals. 

One client of the Kawempe Village Banking group, Lukia Ssemanobe, was barely surviving

running a street food business after her husband died of AIDS. Six years ago, Lukia took

her first small, four-month loan from the village bank. Eighteen loans later, Lukia now

runs two restaurants and employs 11 people. In the process, she built two houses for her

extended family, and supports four AIDS orphans.

In Uganda, many village banking groups create their own uniforms and wear 

them to meetings as a statement of solidarity.

Photo courtesy of John Gibbons for FINCA.
14 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

By Improving the Quality of

Services

As institutions expand and extend services to

underserved communities, USAID is committed to helping them offer microenterprise services that meet the real needs of poor and very

poor households. Practitioners increasingly

recognize that to succeed and grow, services

need to be demand-driven. Furthermore, it is

necessary to invest in market research and

product innovations to adequately respond to

client needs.

USAID encourages its microfinance partners

to understand their clientele and to reach out

to poorer and more rural clients with services

those clients demand. Too often, MFIs have

simply provided credit, rather than a range of

services that may be desired by its clients. The

types of financial services needed by poor people extend far beyond working capital loans, to

include savings, housing loans, insurance, and

money transfer services. Convenient, safe and

flexible deposit services are a particularly crucial need.

USAID supports groundbreaking work by

MFIs to develop more capacity for responding

to client feedback and integrating demanddriven services. For example, in Latin America

many MFIs now offer clients housing loans,

enabling them to finance the expansion or

improvement of their home. For many

microentrepreneurs, their home is their workplace, so this represents an important enterprise-related investment and family asset. 

By Achieving Sustainable Impacts 

Until just a few years ago, many microfinance

institutions had little more than anecdotal evidence to support the claim that their programs

made a difference in the lives of their clients.

To help practitioners and donors better understand the effects of microenterprise services on

clients, USAID supported the development of

a set of flexible tools for microenterprise institutions through the AIMS6 activity. Under this

activity several major impact assessments were

undertaken to show the ways in which microfinance services affect individuals, households,

and communities. 

SEWA (Self-Employed Women’s Association) India

Using the AIMS tools (see footnote below), SEWA Bank developed a number of new products and services for its clients. SEWA recently introduced a one-day loan to meet the

credit needs of vegetable vendors. In addition, it now offers a special savings account

designed to pay for marriage expenses, and has started a financial literacy program to

help its members improve their personal financial management. In addition, SEWA is

reviewing the appropriateness of its products for workers in each of the major subsectors in which its members work. Future plans may include a loan product to finance girls’

education. 

6 USAID’s Assessing the Impacts of Microenterprise Services (AIMS) project developed the manual “Learning from Clients:

Assessment Tools for Microfinance Practitioners” to help practitioners better understand clients and improve product services and client impact. It contains a set of five assessment tools and provides step-by-step instructions for the use of the

tools, from initial planning to data collection and analysis.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 15

One such assessment was performed by

Organization el Desarrollo Empresarial Femenino (ODEF) in Honduras. ODEF, in collaboration with Katalysis, SEEP, and AIMS,

conducted an impact assessment of its

microenterprise program in 1997, revealing

benefits to businesses and their owners and

families. At the enterprise level, client businesses grew faster and were more profitable than

non-client businesses. Positive results at the

client household level were demonstrated

through increased levels of savings among

clients, as well as improved food consumption.

Qualitative indicators demonstrated improved

self-esteem and self-confidence of ODEF’s primarily women clients. ODEF’s clients were

also found to be more productive than nonclients, spending less time on business activities

while generating more profits. 

Evidence from other microfinance institutions

suggests similar benefits to microentrepreneurs

and their households, though not all institutions are equally capable of delivering services.

Further research will reveal the extent to which

these benefits are maintained over the long

term. 

The AIMS tools, which include a main impact

survey, a client exit survey, and surveys of loan

use, client satisfaction, and client empowerment, are in great demand among institutions

that want to improve the impact of services on

clients. These tools can also be used to assist

institutions in expanding their outreach to

poorer clients and improving client retention or

delinquency to reach financial sustainability

more quickly. Institutions need support to

incorporate such client and market assessment

tools into their daily operations, information

systems, and product design processes. USAID

supports demonstration projects that show

practitioners how effective use of client assessment and monitoring helps expand services to

underserved groups, and improve client retention, repayment, and growth rates.

Business Development

Services (BDS)

How does USAID support BDS?

In many cases, microfinance alone cannot generate real income and employment growth,

particularly in poorer rural areas. Even with

access to financial services, poor microentrepreneurs still face major barriers: lack of

information about more lucrative markets;

inability to improve quality of products or efficiency of production; expensive or poor quality

inputs; weak infrastructure; and lack of access

to business skills and basic services.

Rather than subsidizing BDS providers directly, USAID increasingly focuses on using BDS

“facilitators” to build markets in which private

businesses (often themselves small or micro

scale) provide appropriate services to poorer

microenterprises on a commercial basis. This

Technoserve is linking El Salvador’s small-scale shrimp

growers to processing and export markets.

Photo courtesy of Richard Lord for Technoserve.
16 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

helps ensure that sustainable local capacity

remains behind after the program ends. 

USAID-supported programs devise ways of

making BDS affordable to microenterprises,

and profitable to service providers. They

achieve this through development of new services, innovative payment mechanisms tailored

to the cash flow of clients, and the promotion

of linkages between different sized firms. BDS

“facilitators” base their interventions on market assessments; most have a clear, upfront exit

strategy, or plan to leave once the business services are in place and profitable. 

In supporting BDS programs, USAID tries to

create: 

■ A significant impact on microenterprise

income; 

■ Appropriate services, including payment

options, for poorer enterprises; and

■ Sustainable and competitive markets. 

By Supporting Services that

Boost Microenterprise Income

In identifying key services to promote, the

focus has been on services that have an almost

immediate impact on microenterprise income.

Unlike larger firms that can afford to invest in

long-term training and management consulting, poorer entrepreneurs tend to demand services with clear benefits that can be realized in

a short time frame. For example, in India and

Kenya, the dairy industry is extremely important to very poor, rural villagers who rely on

milk production for household income as well

as for consumption. In rural India, USAID will

support a program implemented by AT-India

that works with wholesale milk buyers to supply veterinary and improved feed services to

milk producers. Milk collectors and processors,

who buy from small women farmers, provide

the technical assistance enabling the producers

to increase their milk yields and hence their

incomes. 

Because most very poor households are located

in rural areas, a key priority for USAID’s BDS

programs is to build up agricultural service

markets, which in turn can strengthen the

diverse agro-related enterprises required to

generate a thriving rural economy. For example, USAID funded a project by ApproTec in

Kenya to boost rural livelihoods through

improved technologies delivered in commercially viable ways. ApproTec helped subsistence

farmers to improve and commercialize their

operations, by facilitating the sale and distribution of 18,000 low-cost irrigation pumps.

Farmers’ use of these pumps has increased net

incomes from horticulture and related

What is BDS?

BDS refers to the wide range of non-financial services that help poor entrepreneurs start

new businesses and grow existing ones. Examples of BDS provided to microenterprises

include skills training; market research and linkages; input sourcing; product development; accounting and financial management; communications and brokering services;

business advice; and technology development aimed at productivity increases, like

micro-scale irrigation pumps and mobile telephones.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 17

microenterprises by more than $21 million in

the last five years.

By Supporting Appropriate

Services for Poorer Clients 

Poorer microentrepreneurs face a wide variety

of constraints to improving their businesses,

some of which are particular to their sector.

Successful BDS providers, therefore, must tailor their services to address the constraints felt

by poor clients. Specifically, many poorer

microentrepreneurs need different services

than better-off clients; thus, BDS providers

interested in reaching this market segment

must adapt their products and services appropriately. For example, a training provider

might offer shorter and more focused skills

training for poor microentrepreneurs, in place

of a more in-depth financial management

course. 

Microenterprises also find it difficult to pay upfront in cash for the services they need, due to

the realities of their enterprise or household

cash flow. As a result BDS providers often have

to modify their payment mechanisms.

Mercy Corps Addresses Low Incomes in Azerbaijan

In 2002 Mercy Corps/

Azerbaijan began by conducting an extensive market

assessment in remote rural

areas that analyzed constraints to growth for poor

women engaged in poultry

farming (average income:

$34/month). Based on the

assessment, Mercy Corps discovered that poor quality

feeding and breeding were

responsible for low prices

and high rates of rejection

by the State Animal Health

Board. Mercy Corps is now

working to develop the

capacity of local veterinarians who are dispatched to remote areas, while facilitating

group formation to increase awareness of the importance of veterinarian services and

bring down delivery costs. Mercy Corps is also helping the women to set up a basic

insurance scheme, where the women make regular savings so they have money for the

vet services as they are needed. In the next three years, Mercy Corps expects this program to achieve a 35% increase in sales for 4,158 micro-entrepreneurs, an 87% increase in

sales for 54 veterinarians, and a 22% increase in sales volume for meat products in the

target area.

Poultry producer, Mrs. Tahira Ismayilova, providing vaccines to her

stock of chickens.

Photo courtesy of Mercy Corps Azerbaijan.
18 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

PRIDE/Formation, begun by Volunteers in 

Technical Assistance (VITA), offers short-term

evening courses in several local languages

geared toward its semi-literate Guinean clients.

It has developed an affordable, cost-effective,

two-tiered pricing structure that has made

business training affordable to a large number of microentrepreneurs, including many

women. This is an example of a BDS provider

adapting both its product (by making it shorter

and more convenient) and its pricing (by introducing a new pricing structure) to meet the

needs of its target market. 

Another very important solution for the cash

payment challenge is to provide services on 

a commission basis or “embedded” within 

a commercial transaction. For example, a

USAID-funded program supporting small

farmers in Honduras offers training on farming

techniques to input supply shops. These shops

then offer technical advice to their clients, who

purchase seeds, fertilizers and other farm

inputs from them — all without any direct cash

payment for the service. Because most very

poor households are located in rural areas,

strengthening these embedded service markets

goes a long way towards ensuring that the most

appropriate and relevant services are available

to the microenterprise sector. 

By Supporting

Sustainable and

Competitive

Markets

Careful planning and analysis by BDS facilitators can

lead to surprisingly largescale returns to microentrepreneurs — and to

more efficient markets

with a more level “playing

field”. For example, Action

for Enterprise (AFE) in

Mali sought to address

constraints felt by microenterprise artisans. Using subsector analysis

and market assessments, they identified strategic program interventions that have had a significant effect on local handicrafts markets.

The interventions focused on developing the

capacity of BDS providers to provide market

access, product design, input supply, and financial services to small and microenterprises. To

date, AFE has provided technical assistance to

eight importers, six exporters, and over 1,000

microenterprises. These efforts have resulted

in more than $600,000 in increased export sales

and 100 percent increases in revenues for 

participating businesses. Importantly, key market linkages have been established among

importers, exporters, and producers that will

likely last for years to come.

To promote better functioning, more competitive markets, USAID-supported BDS programs place particular emphasis on increasing

the leverage of microenterprises in the marketplace, or enhancing their bargaining position in

the commercial arena. In Bangladesh, the

USAID Mission has adopted an integrated

approach to development, in which microenterprises are organized into producer associations or clusters through which they acquire

business skills, financial services, and marketing

With USAID funding ATA has helped many Haitian craftspeople bring their homemade goods to the international market. 

Photo courtesy of Chantal Regnault for Aid to Artisans (ATA
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 19

assistance (see box on page 38). Leverage is

enhanced in a few strategic subsectors, such as

handicrafts, shoes, and agricultural produce, by

improving access to information, and by promoting linkages with a variety of larger firms,

resulting in multiple purchasers for microenterprise goods.

Creating an Enabling

Environment for

Microenterprises

To complete the foundation for sustainable,

poverty-focused microenterprise development,

USAID supports activities to reform government laws, policies, and regulations in ways

that foster entrepreneurship and expand access

to financial and other services by the underserved poor. Currently USAID works with

governments, regulatory bodies, business associations, research institutions, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to build a

stronger enabling environment for microenterprises and microenterprise support institutions. 

Improvements in the policy environment are

crucial to addressing the principal challenges

facing USAID in its microenterprise strategy

— namely, integrating microenterprises into

the formal economy and ensuring sustainable

benefits for the poorest microenterprises. The

enabling environment for microenterprises

includes appropriate legal, regulatory and

supervisory practices for both public and private microfinance institutions. In addition, it

includes the policies, regulations, and administrative practices governing the business environment in which microenterprises operate. To

survive and succeed, microenterprises need a

supportive operating and investment environment, as well as access to capital and other services. In many countries, inappropriate laws,

regulations and policies discourage entrepreneurship, the competitiveness of the smallest businesses, and the growth of microenterprise development institutions. 

USAID-supported institutions help national

and local governments develop and implement

appropriate microfinance laws and regulations.

They also address issues of business registration and licensing, foreign trade, non-governmental organization (NGO) regulation, and

equitable access to services. The number of

microentrepreneurs benefiting from such policy changes often far exceeds the number assisted directly through microenterprise instiDiálogo de Gestiones (DdG) Markets BDS

Diálogo de Gestiones (DdG), a microenterprise training program in Colombia, was

designed by ACCION to help microentrepreneurs manage their small businesses more

effectively. Through interactive role-playing, games and discussions that incorporate the

life experiences of participants, Diálogo teaches business basics in a way that is accessible and practical. DdG was developed after extensive input from microentrepreneurs

themselves and is in wide demand. DdG’s goal is to produce a package of affordable

training modules that can be provided by a range of institutions on a commercially sustainable basis. DdG licenses (which include facilitator materials and technical assistance)

have been sold to 17 institutions, including MFIs, commercial banks, Chambers of

Commerce, and private firms, in 14 countries. 
20 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

tutions. In Kenya, for example, privatization of

the dairy industry has opened this sector to

65,000 microenterprises, or 5 percent of all

Kenya’s micro businesses. Dairy sales account

for 3.5 percent of Kenya’s GDP. 

USAID helps to create a more level playing

field for microenterprises by helping countries

streamline business registration, so that more

micro and small enterprises will be able and

willing to move into the formal market economy. In many countries, business registration is

still a long, expensive and complex process that

discourages informal microenterprises from

entering the formal sector. The result is a loselose situation: microenterprises must operate in

the vulnerable informal sector where they face

serious obstacles to growth and expansion, and

states are deprived of much-needed tax revenues as well as reliable data on the country’s

workforce and economy.

Laying the Foundation for Microfinance in the

Central Asian Republics

USAID's support to the microfinance industry in the Central Asian Republics (CAR) began

with investments designed to promote best practices in microfinance. Market leaders,

such as FINCA/Kyrgyzstan, the Kazakhstan Community Loan Fund (ACDI/VOCA), and the

Association of Business Women in Tajikistan (Mercy Corps and Save the Children), have

demonstrated the feasibility of operating sustainable institutions serving poorer

entrepreneurs. 

USAID then supported a second generation of providers, including ACDI/VOCA in the

Ferghana Valley. Most recently, USAID helped to create the Central Asian Microfinance

Alliance (CAMFA), which will support expansion of the market leaders and provide training, capacity-building services, grants, loans, and policy support to MFIs throughout the

region. 

The legal and regulatory environment for microfinance in these ex-Soviet Republics has

posed particular challenges. Laws throughout the region have restricted the normal

operations of microfinance institutions, impeding their ability to run efficient, sustainable operations. Highlights of USAID-supported work in the region include: 

■ Kazakhstan: The National Bank developed a law on Microcredit Organizations, which

is now under consideration by Parliament. 

■ Kyrgyzstan: A new law, creating the legal and organizational foundation for microfinance organizations, was adopted in 2002 with donor and stakeholder input. 

■ Tajikistan: USAID is supporting efforts by the National Bank of Tajikistan to develop

stable and consistent microfinance laws and policies. 

■ Uzbekistan: A new government resolution allows development agencies, for the first

time, to legally implement microcredit activities.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 21

One important element

of USAID’s work to

improve policy environments for microenterprises is a focus on

strengthening the voices

of microentrepreneurs

through independent

business associations to

advocate for policy

reforms. These efforts,

which have been funded

throughout the Europe

and Eurasia region, also

support U.S. goals of

establishing democracy

and encouraging civil

society development.

Anti-corruption efforts

are also important, since

microentrepreneurs and

informal sector businesses are particularly vulnerable to predation by

government officials and

inspectors at all levels. 

USAID-supported institutions help governments develop and institute

appropriate microfinance laws and regulations.

Regulations on reserve requirements, for

example, can discriminate against micro and

small borrowers by requiring high provisioning

for loans without collateral. Notarization

requirements can dramatically increase the

transaction costs for microlending.

USAID’s efforts to deregulate interest rates are

critical in assisting MFIs to become self-sustaining. Many developing and transition countries have policies limiting the interest rates

that financial institutions can charge. Such

policies effectively prevent MFIs from charging rates that adequately cover transaction

costs with microentrepreneurs, resulting in

rationed capital and limited access to financial

services. As a result, many MFIs cannot expand

services without donor assistance.

ACDI/VOCA’s Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia (ACE) project empowers smallholder farmers by supporting the development of cooperatives and unions. Here a 

member of the Oromia Coffee Union displays her shade-grown, organic coffee cherries.

Photo courtesy of ACDI/VOCA.
22 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

Reaching Further Down Market: Examples from the Field 

Bringing the benefits of microfinance and BDS to poorer clients is a frontier issue for the microenterprise development field. Remarkable progress has been made in ensuring that poor

entrepreneurs have access to microenterprise services vital to the growth and profitability of their

businesses. However, the benefits of this access have generally been enjoyed more by moderately

poor households than by the very poor. That is not to say that the very poor have not benefited

from microenterprise development programs; rather, it is to point out that the field needs to do

more to find innovative ways to reach larger numbers of poorer and hard-to-reach clients sustainably and cost-effectively. 

Many USAID partners in BDS and microfinance have been searching for solutions,

resulting in remarkably diverse approaches

and methodologies. 

Business Development Services

Poorer microentrepreneurs face huge challenges as they seek to build their businesses. Ongoing efforts to expand BDS to

poorer clients often focus on one or more

of these challenges. 

Achieving a “critical mass” for service provision: A major factor constraining the availability of services to poorer microentrepreneurs in

remote, rural areas is the lack of a sufficient concentration of clients. Even when the clients are willing to pay for the services, the costs of setting up the BDS for too few people may be prohibitive.

One strategy is to use existing or newly-formed groups (producer groups, cooperatives, MFI client

groups, or groups formed for other purposes, such as women’s health groups) to deliver services.

With the support of USAID-Ethiopia, for example, ACDI/VOCA is facilitating access to private BDS by

existing small farmer cooperatives so they can tap more lucrative markets for their horticultural

produce. As the farmers have been able to extend their reach into commercial markets, positive

effects can be seen in very poor households and in the wider economy.

Adapt the service: Poorer entrepreneurs generally need services that are different from those in

demand by small and medium enterprises. Existing BDS providers often are not equipped with the

tools or services to attract microenterprises. Yet with assistance from a facilitator, they can adapt

existing products and services to suit the needs of a subsector in which poor microentrepreneurs

are concentrated. In India, for example, IDE has adapted technology, “affordable micro-irrigation

technologies” (AMIT), to directly address the needs of very small horticulture producers. In three

years’ time, more than 15,000 AMIT kits were installed, providing benefit to more than 75,000 rural

farmers. 

Adapting methods of payment: To better fit the cash flow realities of many poor microentrepreneurs, some BDS is delivered “embedded” within a business transaction, so the microentrepreneur incurs no additional expense. For example, when the Malian artisans sell their products

IDE Nepal pioneered the development of low-cost drip irrigation

systems.

Photo courtesy of IDE.
to the exporters assisted by Action for Enterprise (p. 18) the mark-up on the export sales covers the

exporters’ provision of many embedded services such as marketing, production advice, and quality

control. Other institutions have innovated in a variety of ways to make their services more affordable. PRIDE/Formation in Guinea adapted its pricing structure for training to ensure affordability to

poor rural clients.

Microfinance

Successful methods employed by microfinance institutions to

reach down market include: 

Client targeting: A number of USAID-supported MFIs have led

the way in trying to ensure that the benefits of microfinance

reach further down the economic spectrum. Some partners,

such as Cashpor in India, utilize up-front screening of clients

to ensure a focus on the poorest clients. Other MFIs target

their services to poorer regions, or communities where the

poorest microenterprises generally live and work. A number

of MFIs, like Save the Children affiliates Microfund for Women

in Jordan and Constanta in Georgia, are providing services in

areas where internally displaced persons or refugee groups

have been settled. 

Low-cost delivery mechanisms: In the past, many institutions

perceived a tradeoff between reaching poorer clients and the

goal of sustainability. “Reaching down market” meant finding

the right delivery mechanism to avoid the high operational

costs associated with offering services to poorer clients. One such approach is PACT’s Women’s

Empowerment Program (WEP), funded by USAID-Nepal, which reached more than 125,000 poor

women in three years through village savings and credit groups. The groups’ meetings and operations were self-run and self-managed, though facilitated by a large network of NGOs. Other examples of alternative delivery mechanisms with the potential to reach poorer clients include

approaches that work through input suppliers or retail vendors. 

Adaptation of products and services: Numerous MFIs are adapting their products and services to

meet the demands of poorer clients. Like the pioneers before them who developed break-through

innovations (e.g., accepting alternative collateral or group guarantees) to open credit access to

poorer entrepreneurs, today’s pioneers are partnering with USAID to discover the next generation

of products and services for underserved “bottom of the pyramid” businesses and households. For

example, MFIs around the world are experimenting with emergency loans, seasonal loans and flexible savings products. In Latin America, many MFIs are now offering housing and home improvement

loans, recognizing that with flexible options, even very poor households can gradually acquire this

valuable asset. Financiera Calpia (El Salvador), PRODEM (Bolivia) and EMT (Cambodia) also offer specialized loans for rural farmers.

LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 23

Azizova Ziyada Almirza used her loan from

FINCA Azerbaijan to rent a small stall in

the market to sell fruits and vegetables. 

© 02 Bengston Photography.
24 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

MICROENTERPRISE FUNDING

IN FY 2001

USAID has been the leading bilateral

donor of funds and technical assistance to

microenterprise development programs for the

last 20 years. Since 1988, when USAID began

formally tracking its microenterprise funding,

USAID has committed nearly $2 billion to

support microenterprise development. During

this time, huge strides have been made in

developing systems and methods that deliver

microenterprise services, particularly financial

services, to the world’s poor.

In FY 2001, USAID contributed $158.7 million to microenterprise development programs, a 3.4 percent decrease in funding

compared to the $164.3 million that USAID

programmed in 2000. As in recent years,

Development Assistance (DA) funds constituted more than half of the total for microenterprise development. 

The use of Economic Support Funds (ESF),

authorized through the U.S. Department of

State, to support microenterprise development

increased by 43 percent in FY 2001 over FY

2000. This resulted from a renewed commitment from USAID-Egypt, which typically

contributes large sums annually to ongoing

microenterprise activities.

Table 1. Sources of USAID Funds for Microenterprise by

Appropriation Account, 1991-2001 (US$ millions)

Fund 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

DA1 40.2 61.3 51.6 89.2 93.3 72.9 83.3 79.9 75.3 84.5 88.8

AERA 2.0

SADRF 1.5

Total DA 88.0 88.8

ESF 43.2 34.4 20.8 31.6 22.9 16.1 24.5 27.2 32.9 19.5 27.9

FSA 5.4 20.6 14.3 12.8 30.2 20.2

SEED/SAI2 4.7 24.8 4.6 12.0 9.0 7.6

CACEDRF 3.2 8.0

CSD/HIV .8 .5

Local 30.2 30.6 23.6 16.6 17.3 12.2 11.8 12.4 17.3 8.8 13.7

Currency 

Total 113.6 126.3 96.0 137.4 133.5 111.4 165.0 138.4 153.5 164.3 158.7

1 Development Assistance Funds include the Development Fund for Africa.

2 Funds appropriated under the Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) Act; also includes funds appropriated under Special Assistance Initiatives (SAI). 
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 25

The FSA account, also authorized through the

State Department, funds programs in Russia,

Ukraine, the Caucasus, and the Central Asian

Republics. FY 2001 funding for microenterprise from the Freedom Support Act (FSA)

account decreased from the all-time record

funding level from this account in FY 2000, but

$20 million represents a continued major commitment to microenterprise development in

this region. 

Local currency used for microenterprise (typically from the monetization of Title II funds

under P.L. 480) increased from FY 2000 levels

by more than 50 percent. The increase in FY

2001 local currency corresponds to the $5 million in local currency derived from balance of

payments by USAID-Egypt.

In FY 2000, 67 percent of total USAID 

funding went to financial services programs 

including loan capital, operational expenses,

technical assistance, and microfinance policy

work (see Table 2 above). The remaining 33 

percent supported business development programs or policy advocacy on issues affecting

microentrepreneurs.

Of the two-thirds of total funding applied to

microfinance, $7.2 million or 7 percent went

for financial policy reform for reforming or

instituting laws and regulations affecting

microfinance institutions. Eleven percent of

non-financial funding, or $5.9 million, supported efforts to create an enabling environment for microenterprises.

Total funding to Africa remained strong following a record-breaking high of $43.8 million

in FY 2000. Funds for microfinance programs

in Africa fell to $18.7 million in FY 2001, after

reaching $26 million in FY 2000, which resulted in part from a commitment of $12 million

by USAID-Senegal to its nascent microenterprise program. Funding for BDS continues to

be high in Africa where weak markets and rudimentary technologies pose major impediments

to largely rural microentrepreneurs. In recent

years, USAID Missions in Ghana, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia have provided

Table 2. FY 2000 Funding by Region of Use

(US$ millions)

Financial Services and BDS and Enabling

Enabling Environment Environment Total

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 

Africa $18.7 50 $19.0 50 $37.7 24

Asia/Near East $34.5 89 $4.3 11 $38.8 24

Europe/ Eurasia $18.7 66 $9.6 34 $28.3 18

Latin America/

Caribbean $20.4 55 $16.5 45 $36.9 23

Worldwide1 $14.5 85 $2.5 11 $17.0 11

Total $106.8 67 $51.9 33 $158.7 100

1 Funds provided to North American headquater operations for institutions operating worldwide.
26 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

large amounts of funding for ongoing BDS

programs. 

In addition, funds for Latin America and the

Caribbean dropped to $36.9 million from nearly $43 million in FY 2000, a 14 percent

decrease. This drop does not reflect decreased

commitment of USAID to microenterprise

development in the region, but rather the

absence of a major crisis during FY 2001 necessitating special appropriations to the region. In

the previous two years, special disaster-related

appropriations to Guatemala ($9 million in

1999) and Honduras ($8 million in 2000) have

contributed to large amounts of funding for the

region. 

Table 3 presents the same data as in Table 2,

only from the viewpoint of the funding source

in the Agency rather than the destination of

funds. The Bureaus for Africa, Europe and

Eurasia, and Latin America and the Caribbean

provided roughly equal amounts to microenterprise programs. The Bureau for Asia and the

Near East was the only source showing a significant increase from the prior year (up $15.4

million or 51 percent), due to the renewed

commitment of funding by USAID-Egypt. 

Funds for the Poor 

Because of its priority to assist poor and very

poor households, USAID collects and reports

information on the poverty level of clients of

USAID-sponsored microenterprise development institutions. Loan size, while not an actual measure of the client’s poverty status, has

long been the widely accepted proxy indicator

for estimating the extent of service to poorer

clients. In accordance with the Microenterprise

for Self-Reliance Act of 2000, poverty loans are

defined by region as:

■ $300 or less in Asia, the Near East, and

Africa;

■ $400 or less in Latin America and the

Caribbean; and

■ $1,000 or less in Eastern Europe and

Eurasia.

USAID and its partners are beginning to test

additional proxies and measurement tools for

Table 3. Uses of FY 2001 Funding by USAID Bureau

(US$ millions)

Financial Services and BDS and Enabling

Enabling Environment Environment Total 

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 

Africa Bureau $13.3 43 $17.8 57 $31.1 20

Asia/Near 

East Bureau $34.6 92 $3.1 8 $37.7 24

Europe/Eurasia 

Bureau $18.1 65 $9.6 35 $27.7 17

Latin America/ 

Caribbean Bureau $15.5 50 $15.7 50 $31.2 20

Global Bureaus $25.3 82 $5.7 20 $31.0 20

Total $106.8 67 $51.9 33 $158.7 101
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 27

the poverty level of microenterprise clients.

Until new tools are agreed upon, USAID will

continue to use loan size to estimate the number of very poor clients receiving services.

Clearly, loan size is less applicable to BDS programs, which are not always linked with financial services. 

As in prior years, microfinance institutions

reported on the percentage of their portfolio

held in loans equivalent to poverty loan sizes.

Following the regional limits noted above,

more than one-half (54%) of FY 2001 funding

to financial institutions was channeled to the

very poor through microfinance institutions. 

USAID funding to BDS programs is prorated

based on the percentage of BDS clients with

poverty loans. Fifty percent (50%) of BDS

funding went to very poor clients, based on

BDS institutional reports. 

Combining the amounts for both financial and

non-financial purposes, fifty-three percent of

total funding supported very poor clients,

meeting the poverty target included in the

Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act.7

Funds for Private Voluntary

Organizations 

In addition to funding program activities,

USAID has a long and successful history of

assisting U.S.-based PVOs and their local partners to expand service delivery in a sustainable

manner. More than a dozen U.S.-based private

voluntary organizations (PVOs) have created

extensive multi-country networks of individual microenterprise development institutions

operating under similar models, through which

they reach large numbers of clients. Such networks were built with significant U.S. support.

Table 5 shows the amounts of USAID support

to several large PVO networks that have specialized in microfinance. Total funding to the

institution and its network affiliates, combining

funds from both USAID field and central

offices, are included. The number of clients

shown represents all clients in the network. 

For many years, the Office of Private and

Voluntary Cooperation (PVC) Matching

Grants Program has fostered innovative

approaches to development assistance, and

Table 4. Percentage of Funds Committed to

Poverty Lending, FY 2001

Total Percent of Percent of Percent of 

Microenterprise Financial Non-Financial Total Funding 

Funding Funding for Funding for for Poverty 

(US$ millions) Poverty Lending Poverty Loan Clients Lending

Africa $31.1 72% 73% 72%

Asia/Near East $37.7 42% 65% 44%

Europe/Eurasia $27.7 47% 28% 40%

Latin America $31.2 72% 34% 53%

Global Bureaus $31.0 50% 33% 47%

Total all Bureaus $158.7 54% 50% 53%

7 For a more complete description of USAID’s methodology to estimate funds to very poor clients, see Appendix 1:

Methodology to Calculate Percentage of Funds for the Poor.
28 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

built management and

technical systems to

improve program effectiveness. For example,

in 1998 PVC awarded a

third Matching Grant

to Catholic Relief

Services (CRS) to 

support its worldwide affiliates as they

work towards becoming commercially viable

financial institutions. In

addition to building

overall capacity to

transform its partner

organizations and support them as commercial entities, CRS

selected its programs in

El Salvador, the Philippines, and Senegal to develop into Learning

Centers for other CRS microfinance programs.

Ten years earlier, in 1988, CRS received its first

PVC Matching Grant, to test microfinance

methodologies in five countries on three continents. This experience led to CRS' decision to

focus on microfinance methodologies that

reach the poorest microentrepreneurs. 

Table 5. Average Annual Funding to PVOs for 1997–2001

with Clients Then and Now

Average Annual

USAID Award 

Institution (US$ Millions) Clients in 1997 Clients in 2001 

ACCION International $3,272 342,105 609,201

Catholic Relief Services $4,208 135,823 309,643

FINCA International $7,990 70,520 189,587

Opportunity International $5,570 102,236 308,026

Save the Children Federation $4,318 19,000 140,000

World Council of Credit Unions 

(WOCCU) $3,747 1,347,871 1,935,700

Delia Agom, a client of CRS’ affiliate Cooperative Rural Bank Bulacon Incorporated

(CRBBI) in the Phillipines.

Photo courtesy of Catholic Relief Services.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 29

RESULTS FROM USAIDSUPPORTED MICROENTERPRISE

INSTITUTIONS IN 2001

USAID asked all microenterprise development

practitioners with active USAID agreements in

FY 2001 to provide data on their financial,

BDS or policy advocacy activities, whether or

not they received additional funding in FY

2001. Many institutions have multi-year

USAID agreements, evaluated annually against

performance indicators. Other institutions

have received short-term assistance to undertake specific projects or innovations. Of the

492 organizations, 411 (84%) reported data for

FY 2001. Almost one-half (199) provided data

in both 2000 and 2001.

Microfinance

USAID’s contributions to microfinance institutions have consisted of loan capital, support for

operational expenses, staff training, new product development, and new program initiatives.

295 microfinance institutions reported data for

their 2001 fiscal year. Because the inventory of

institutions with active USAID agreements

changes every year, the difference in the number of clients from the previous year does not

reflect a simple growth rate by the same set of

institutions. However, more than one-half

(56%) of the institutions reporting provided

data in both 2000 and 2001. One institution,

Bank Rakyat Indonesia, which received funding in 2000 and had an ongoing agreement in

2001, will not be included in the summary

tables due to its size. To include the data from

this one institution, which has over 2.8 million

borrowers and 27 million savers, would skew

the results from all other USAID-assisted 

institutions. 

Table 6. Clients of Lending Institutions in 2000 and 2001

(USAID’s Active Portfolio)8

Total Clients 2000 Total Clients 2001 Percent Change 

(‘000s) (‘000s) from 2000

Africa 315.3 750.7 138%

Asia/ 625.5 742.9 19%

Near East 88.7 192.2 117%

Europe/Eurasia 148.5 150.2 1%

Latin America 986.4 1,060.9 8%

Total 2,164.4 2,896.9 34%

8 The number of loans is used as a proxy for the number of clients. Many microfinance institutions track only loans, not

clients. It would be rare for an individual to have more than one loan outstanding with the same institution. 
30 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

Since 2000, the number of

clients reached with

USAID assistance has

increased by 34 percent

(see Table 6). For those

institutions reporting in

both 2000 and 2001, there

was an annual growth rate

of 20 percent (318,000

more clients for 164 institutions). In Africa and the

Near East, in particular,

institutions reported considerable growth in the

numbers of clients reached. 

As in prior years, loan portfolio value in the

LAC region, where average loan size is $558,

constitutes nearly two-thirds of the total portfolio of USAID-assisted institutions. The

amount of total outstanding portfolio grew by

six percent in 2001 to $917.7 million, despite a

decrease in overall average loan size per client.

Average loan size went down more than 20

percent, from $401 in 2000 to $317 in 2001. 

As shown in Table 7, the percentage of women

clients in USAID-supported microfinance

institutions is high for all regions. One remarkable statistic is the jump in the percentage of

women clients in the Near East, climbing from

27 percent in FY 2000 to 52 percent in FY

2001.

Programs in Egypt provide an example of this

changing mix of clients by USAID-supported

institutions. In FY 2000, 6 Egyptian microfinance institutions reported a total of 72,634

clients, with average loan size of $506. Only

seventeen percent of these clients were women.

In FY 2001, these same institutions reported

95,063 clients (a 31% increase) with average

Table 7. Average Loan Balance9 and Percentage of Women

Clients in 2001 (USAID’s Active Portfolio) 

Average Balance (US$) Percentage of Women Clients

Africa 189 69

Asia/ 81 92

Near East 332 52

Europe/Eurasia 398 60

Latin America/Caribbean 558 69

Total 317 73

Asia 

7%

Europe/

Eurasia 

7%

Near East 

7%

Africa 

15%

Latin America/

Caribbean 

64%

Figure 1. Amount of Portfolio 

for Lending Institutions in 2001 

(US$ Millions)

9 Institutions report on the total amount of loan balances outstanding at the end of their fiscal year and the related number

of loans. Average loan balance is a proxy for loan size. 
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 31

APIM/Mali

The Association of Professional Institutions of Microfinance (APIM) is a non-profit association working to develop the microfinance sector in Mali. APIM supports and advocates on

behalf of its members, which include more than two dozen microfinance institutions

serving more than 300,000 microenterprise clients. USAID assistance has helped APIM

develop a strategic plan, an information and communications strategy, and a financial

management system to better serve its members. 

Developments in the Near East

In FY 2001, USAID provided US $26 million to expand and strengthen microenterprise service markets throughout the Near East. Following are the highlights of activities in the

region: 

■ Jordan: USAID has committed approximately $30 million to microfinance in Jordan.

Program components include: 1) operational support to four retail MFIs; 2) a credit

information bureau; 3) a comprehensive technical assistance program; 4) the creation of the Microfinance Association of Jordan; 5) a new product development program; and 6) reform of legal and regulatory barriers to promote sustainable

microfinance.

■ Egypt: USAID has played a key role in the development of Egypt's small and micro

enterprise (SME) sector since 1990. USAID-assisted institutions (nine SME foundations,

two commercial banks, and a private corporation), have disbursed 793,000 loans to

more than 325,000 small and micro enterprises. 

■ Lebanon: With USAID support, Save the Children Federation (SCF) and CHF have successfully established local partners, Al Majmoua and AMEEN, respectively. Al Majmoua

now operates throughout the country and at six Palestinian refugee camps. AMEEN

partners with local banks to provide individual loans. 

■ Morocco: With USAID funding, Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA) helped to create Association Al Amana, which now has 80 credit branch offices with more than

50,000 clients. USAID has also supported Fondation Zakoura, another large MFI, in its

efforts to extend lending to rural areas. In addition, the Mission has provided funding

to a new national microfinance association (FNAM).

■ West Bank/Gaza: USAID launched a program to initiate microlending within 2 commercial banks, the Bank of Jordan and the Arab Bank. The banks initially committed

$3 million of their own capital for this purpose. Results have been impressive, with

over 5,900 loans made in two years. The number of branches engaged in microlending has doubled during this same time period.
32 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

loan size of $342. Forty-five percent of these

clients were women. 

Table 8 shows the high percentage of total

loans that were poverty loans in all regions.

Especially noteworthy is the dramatic increase

in the percentage of poverty loans in the Near

East. Where microfinance institutions in the

Near East reported that only thirty-one percent of loans held were in amounts equal to or

less than $300 in 2000, more than half (56%) of

the loans held at year end 2001 were poverty

loans. 

The Savings Safety Net

Microenterprise development practitioners

discovered long ago that many very poor

households are more likely to save to meet both

expected and emergency demands for cash

than they are to seek loans. Without the security of an external safety net, poor households

draw on cash savings, or sell assets, such as animals, in the event of a crisis or setback. USAID

has long emphasized the need for safe and reliable savings mechanisms suitable for the poor.

Table 9. Number of Savers and Savings Amounts in 2001

Region Savings Members Savings Amounts Average Savings Account

(‘000s) (US$ millions) (US$)

Africa 757.2 $49.2 $65

Asia/ 1,087.3 $34.5 $32

Near East 2.7 $0.07 $26

Europe/Eurasia 150.8 $9.4 $62

Latin America/

Caribbean 1,516.2 $331.6 $218

Total 3,514.2 $424.8 $121

Table 8. Clients with Poverty Loans in 2001

Number of

Region Number of Loans Poverty Loans Percent Poverty

(‘000s) (‘000s) Loans

Africa 750.7 492.4 66%

Asia/ 742.9 638.0 86%

Near East 192.2 108.5 56%

Europe/Eurasia 150.2 132.1 88%

Latin America/

Caribbean 1,060.9 628.2 59%

Total 2,896.9 1,999.2 69%
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 33

Of the 295 USAID-supported

microfinance institutions providing

data in 2001, more than two-thirds

(207 or 70%) have active savings

programs for microenterprise

clients.10 Of these, the majority

(84%) requires that their loan

clients maintain a savings account as

loan collateral. More than fifty percent (107) of the savings institutions

offer voluntary savings to their

clients as well. 

Table 10 shows the top eight savings institutions, or ‘institution networks’, supported by USAID in

2001. These eight account for fiftyone percent of the clients and forty percent of

the savings held by all the USAID supported

institutions shown in Table 9. Three of the top

eight are in Latin America, three in Asia, one in

Africa, and one in Europe. 

The data shown for each of the WOCCU networks represents the activities of many small

credit unions located throughout the country.

For example, WOCCU/Ecuador has 22 affiliated credit unions, Kenya has 16 credit unions,

Table 10. Leading Savings Institutions or Networks

Supported by USAID

Institution Name Savings Amounts Average Savings 

Savings Members (US$) Account (US$)

WOCCU/Ecuador 914,485 $ 75,988,230 $83

WOCCU/Honduras 194,034 $ 34,430,016 $177

WOCCU/Philippines 171,561 $ 15,758,701 $92

PACT/Nepal 122,406 $ 1,659,862 $14

WOCCU/Kenya 120,582 $ 4,379,049 $36

WOCCU/Romania 105,015 $ 5,181,554 $49

Rural Green Bank of

Caraga, Philippines 97,852 $ 1,540,409 $16

WOCCU/Bolivia 69,955 $ 32,682,018 $467

Total 1,795,890 $ 171,619,839 $96

10 Includes BRI in Indonesia. 

A client of WOCCU/Kenya.

Photo courtesy of WOCCU.
34 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

Romania has 23 individual credit unions, and

Bolivia has 15 credit unions.

USAID continues to emphasize outreach to

microentrepreneurs located in rural areas,

where the poorest households reside. Data in

Table 11 suggest that many USAID-supported

institutions are making real progress in reaching rural microenterprises with microfinance

services. In Africa, for example, the percentage

of loan clients in rural areas has increased from

37 percent in 2000 to 61 percent in 2001. Since

many microfinance programs began in urban

and peri-urban settings, a shift towards more

rural borrowers reflects the successful adaptations by microfinance institutions that have

chosen to enter rural markets. 

USAID offices and missions actively monitor

the microfinance institutions they support to

ensure quality of service. Data on repayment

and loan losses are shown in Table 12. These

standard indicators are used in microfinance to

monitor financial performance.11

USAID offices track sustainability indicators as

an important measure of partner institutional

Constanta Foundation, Georgia: 

Reaching Sustainability and Poor Clients

Constanta is a Georgian microfinance institution created in 1998 after the civil war, with

assistance from Save the Children. It designed its products and outreach strategy to

ensure service to women who were internally displaced persons, typically supporting

families on their own. Constanta now has an active client base of over 14,000, and has

served over 21,000 very disadvantaged microentrepreneurs. Seventy percent of its clients

are women. 

Constanta’s methodology, which includes both group and individual loans, has enabled it

to expand its outreach dramatically while simultaneously improving the quality of its

portfolio. Repayment rates are at 98%. In 2002 Constanta reached an operational self-sufficiency of 202% and financial self-sufficiency of 174%. This achievement is the result of

establishing new branches and new products that helped to ensure client loyalty and

increased demand for Constanta’s services.

11 Loan repayment is calculated based on the amount of portfolio reported to be in arrears for 90 days or more. Loan loss

rates show the percent of portfolio that must be written off because of delinquent loans.

Table 11. Location of

Microfinance Clients,

2001

Rural Urban

Percent Percent

Africa 61 39

Asia/ 85 15

Near East 27 73

Europe/Eurasia 17 83

Latin America/

Caribbean 35 65

Total 53 47
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 35

development. Operational sustainability occurs

when the institution produces adequate income

from interest and fees to cover all its operational expenses, including loan losses. Full sustainability occurs when the institution is able 

to cover all operational expenses, plus the cost

of raising its loan funds from commercial

sources, adjusted for the effects of inflation and

subsidies.

As shown in Table 13, more than one-half of

USAID-assisted institutions reporting for

FY 2001 are either operationally or fully

sustainable. It is especially impressive that

the newer institutions of the Europe and

Eurasia region are achieving operational or

full-sustainability so quickly. Constanta

Foundation in Georgia, which has only

been in operation for 5 years, is a good

example of how this is being accomplished

in a relatively short period of time. 

Business Development

Services

Business services are often a key factor in

helping poor microentrepreneurs build a

meaningful economic livelihood from a

meager income-generating activity. While

loans create opportunities that lead to the

potential for growth, many microentrepreneurs are unable to take advantage of

such opportunities because they lack other

resources, including basic business skills and

knowledge of better markets. Business development services include a range of services

offered to microenterprises that help them put

all the ingredients together to make their business a success. 

The inventory of BDS institutions that USAID

supported in 2001 reflects a field in transition.

Table 13. Sustainability of USAID-Supported Institutions, 2001

Not Yet Operational Fully

Region Sustainable Sustainability Sustainable

Africa (n=81) 60% 14% 26%

Asia/

Near East (n=101) 46% 11% 43%

Europe/Eurasia 

(n=44) 46% 20% 34%

Latin America/

Caribbean (n=68) 37% 18% 45%

Total (n=294) 47% 15% 38%

Table 12. Average

Repayment and Loan Loss

Rates, 2001

Repayment Loan Loss

Percent Percent

Africa 98.5% 1.6%

Asia/ 94.2% 5.1%

Near East 95.2% 2.5%

Europe/Eurasia 93.9% 1.9%

Latin America/

Caribbean 91.6% 0.8%

Total 93.3% 1.4%
36 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

Many institutions are engaged in directly

providing more traditional BDS type activities such as business training, while some

institutions reflect the new, market-led

approach to BDS described earlier in this

report. USAID is leading the way in promoting the expansion of private BDS markets, which aims to achieve massive outreach

as well as full sustainability. As the means to

this end becomes more widely understood in

the field, more of the USAID-assisted institutions reporting data will reflect this

approach. 

Of the institutions with active USAID agreements for BDS to microentrepreneurs in 2001,

98 reported data on their clients. Seventy-two

of these provided services directly to microentrepreneurs. Forty-nine facilitated BDS provision, that is they worked at a market level to

assist BDS provider organizations to expand

markets, build capacity, or boost client

demand. Twenty-three organizations were

both providers and facilitators.

In 2001 the number of microenterprise clients

reached with BDS through USAID assistance

increased more than threefold from 2000,

(from 250,000 clients to more than 800,000

clients, see Table 14). Nearly three-quarters of

these clients are reached through the activities

of institutions that facilitate BDS or work

through other organizations, while the remaining one-quarter is reached through direct BDS

providers. In this way, USAID leverages the

impact of its development assistance by funding activities that have the potential for greater

outreach, particularly to rural clients. As an

example, in Peru USAID has supported the

efforts of Swiss Contact, which provided BDS

to both microentrepreneurs and organizations

in 2001. Through its direct assistance to

microentrepreneurs, it provided services to

1,700 clients; through assistance to other BDS

organizations it had outreach to another 6,000

clients. 

BDS Providers

USAID promotes BDS programs that contribute to the microenterprise economy

through a variety of means. Following are

some of the ways that USAID-assisted BDS

practitioners supported clients’ business activities in 2001: 

■ More than 70 percent performed market

research or built market linkages;

■ More than 70 percent offered business

management or technical training, or provided individual business management

assistance to clients; 

■ More than 60 percent undertook research

and development to introduce or adapt

production technologies; 

■ More than 50 percent provided financial

services directly or linked their clients to

financial services; 

■ More than 50 percent used subsector analysis to provide strategic services to

microentrepreneurs; and 

■ More than 40 percent were also engaged in

advocacy for clients on microenterprise

legal and regulatory issues. 

Many of the organizations reported data on

their USAID-assisted work with underserved,

poorer populations, such as refugees and internally displaced persons, rural youth and

A client of Swiss Contact Peru.

Photo courtesy of Swiss Contact Peru.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 37

women, and poor farmers. For example, CHF

has worked with internally displaced persons in

Azerbaijan providing business training and

consultation and helping to build associations

of microentrepreneurs in particular industries

and commodities. 

Most BDS clients (80%, see Table 14) reside in

rural areas. Many organizations have the objective to reach out to rural areas where microentrepreneurs are constrained by poor infrastructure, limited markets, and inadequate

information. In Mozambique, for example,

TechnoServe assists businesses that source raw

materials from the rural poor or employ the

rural poor. To track progress toward its objective, TechnoServe monitors the number of

rural poor suppliers reached, the value of products purchased from these suppliers, the number of rural poor employed, and wages paid to

the rural poor. 

BDS providers view tracking details about their

clients as critical to successful program implementation. Three quarters (75%) of the BDS

providers monitor client income data to measure the effect of their services. Half also monitor household income. 

BDS Facilitators

As noted above, USAID frequently funds institutions that achieve wide outreach by enhancing the effectiveness of BDS providers and

stimulating demand for BDS. Whereas BDS

providers may focus on more local markets,

working with relatively small numbers of

entrepreneurs, BDS facilitators may address

constraints across a wider area, seeking to open

regional or foreign markets to an entire sector.

Support offered by BDS facilitators affects the

quality and range of BDS services available as

well as the demand for these services. 

Of the 49 reporting organizations that served

as BDS facilitators in 200112, 

■ 43 (88%) were engaged in capacity building of BDS providers; 

Table 14. Clients of USAID-Funded BDS Programs, 2001 

(Providers and Facilitators)

Number

of Micro Percent Percent Percent below Percent

Clients Women Rural Poverty Line1 Very Poor2

Africa 472,134 27% 88% 71% 35%

Asia/ 150,496 95% 91% 44% 15%

Near East 16,480 30% 83% 68% 20%

Europe/Eurasia 66,618 62% 70% 55% 26%

Latin America 79,730 57% 44% 54% 24%

Worldwide 50,000 60% 50% 80% 50%

Total 835,458 47% 80% 64% 30%

1 Data are estimates of number of clients below poverty line reported by respondents. 

2 Data are estimates of numbers of clients earning less than half the income designated as the country’s 

poverty line.

12 Twenty-three of these organizations are also BDS providers.
38 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

■ 41 (84%) performed regular monitoring

and evaluation of business services; 

■ 39 (80%) trained trainers; 

■ 37 (75%) provided market information 

services to microenterprise organizations; 

■ 36 (73%) linked entrepreneurs to new 

business opportunities or networks; and 

■ 34 (69%) identified new market opportunities and innovative products for

microentrepreneurs. 

BDS facilitators, like BDS providers, put effort

into tracking the impact of their services. Of

the facilitators reporting, forty-three (88%)

tracked indicators that included customer satisfaction, gross business profit, increases in

employment and sales, business starts, changes

in business practices, and awareness of business

services available. 

Both facilitators and providers are working

towards cost-recovery, though the majority of

USAID-supported institutions are not yet selfsustaining. Among the ways that institutions

recover costs are by charging fees to their

clients, adding margins on goods sold, and

through bundling BDS with other services.

Nineteen (38%) of the facilitators and thirtyone (43%) of the providers recover costs

through these means. 

JOBS Bangladesh: Linking to Opportunity Through

Producer Associations

Job Opportunities and Business Support (JOBS),

a microenterprise support activity funded by

USAID in Bangladesh, facilitated market access

and working capital for the Modhupur

Pineapple Association. With assistance from

JOBS, this association established a relationship

with PRAN, a large agricultural processor in

Dhaka. As a result, members of the association

were able to sell their pineapples to PRAN at

twice the amount they would have received on

the local market. 

Following this success, 12 more associations

were established and a network created. With

JOBS assistance each of the 13 associations has

increased the size of its operations, from 30 to

70 acres. The Modhupur Association has also obtained loans from the Social Investment

Bank Limited to enable members to expand operations, purchase additional land, and

grow more crops.

Women organized by JOBS for making 

handmade paper, a good example of cluster

development. 

Photo courtesy of IRIS.
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 39

POLICY ADVOCACY AND REFORM

I

n FY 2001 USAID provided funds to twenty-two institutions for the purpose of undertaking policy reform either in the areas of

microfinance regulation or policies affecting

microenterprises generally. Eighteen institutions reported on their activities for the year; of

these, seven had received funding in FY 2001. 

Twelve of the eighteen institutions were

engaged in dialogue on microfinance regulation, including credit union reform, and the

supervision of second-tier lending institutions.

In Ecuador and Kazakhstan, USAID has

worked directly with the Central Bank to

encourage appropriate microfinance regulation. In Jordan and Ecuador, USAID has provided funds to set up credit bureaus that will

assist microfinance institutions to better serve

their clients.

Funding for policies that affect the general

business environment contribute to leveling

the playing field for microenterprises in many

ways. For example, in Senegal USAID has supported the development of a fair judicial process and a system for arbitration of disputes,

either labor or commercial, involving microenterprises. In Mozambique, USAID funded the

efforts of ACDI/VOCA to review the business

regulation framework for cooperatives, which

are the economic backbone of this largely

agrarian economy. Strengthening cooperatives

makes them more commercially competitive,

particularly in the area of foreign trade where

formal enterprises dominate markets. 

USAID places high priority on its work in the

policy arena. While having an impact on many

more entrepreneurs in the short-term, such

changes in the policy environment will also

affect the shape of things for many years to

come in these emerging economies. With a

more level playing field, microenterprises have

a better chance of thriving in the midst of

change and destabilizing forces to become reliable sources of income for poor households. 

Credit Policy Improvement Program (CPIP) in the Philippines

The Credit Policy Improvement Program (CPIP), begun in 1996, has the goal of helping to

bring about increased financial services to the Filipino poor through policy reform.

Through a series of policy notes, workshops, seminars, and other strategic forms of

advocacy, including study tours to Indonesia and several Latin American countries, CPIP’s

technical assistance has resulted in critical credit policy reforms and strengthened the

National Credit Council (NCC). Specific accomplishments include: (i) adoption by the

Philippine Government of the National Strategy for Microfinance; (ii) enactment of the

Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act; (iii) enactment of the Agriculture and Fisheries

Modernization Act; (iv) issuance of Executive Order 138 directing Government NonFinancial Agencies to cease implementing credit programs and Government Financial

Agencies to adopt the Credit Policy Guidelines of the NCC; (v) formulation of the

Agricultural Modernization Credit and Financing Program; and (vi) recognition of the NCC

as the chief governmental agency responsible for credit formulation.
40 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

CONCLUSIONS

At the core of microenterprise development

is a fundamental belief that people in

developing countries can and will improve

their own lives, when they have access to the

appropriate tools and opportunities.

For microenterprise practitioners, financial

services and BDS are those tools. Access to

financial services empowers and protects poor

people by giving them choices and economic

security. Access to BDS improves the bottom

lines of both microentrepreneurs and the businesses and organizations that serve them. Both

microfinance and BDS can help break down

the isolation that too often dooms the enterprises owned by the poor to marginality.

The ultimate goal is a world in which poor and

very poor entrepreneurs benefit from permanent access to a wide range of financial and

non-financial services, delivered through a

variety of convenient mechanisms by different

types of institutions, in a competitive market

that promotes customer satisfaction. USAID,

through its continued leadership and investment in microenterprise development and

research, is building the foundation to achieve

that goal. Through its commitment to

microenterprise development, USAID is helping to build stronger, more democratic societies where the poor have more of a say in their

own future and more of a chance to benefit

from the globalized world economy.

USAID Russia: Building the Microfinance Market,

Not Just Institutions

USAID’s activities in Russia are now focusing on the needs of the microenterprise sector

as a whole, rather than on capacity building of a few select institutions. One of USAID’s

most important contributions to the microfinance industry was its support in creating

the Russian Microfinance Center (RMC). The RMC’s principle roles are to: 

■ Provide training to microfinance institutions; 

■ Disseminate best practices and standards; 

■ Maintain a dialogue with leaders in Russia and in international microfinance; and 

■ Implement a system of informational exchange, annual conferences and workshops. 

In June 2002, USAID sponsored a weeklong visit of financial and business leaders of the

Russian State Duma, to learn about microenterprise development and its role in

strengthening the Russian economy. The visit, organized by FINCA, featured a forum on

Capitol Hill with 14 Members of Congress, including Speaker Dennis Hastert and Sen.

Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Key microfinance partners in Russia have included FINCA, Counterpart International,

Opportunity International, and ACDI/VOCA. Combined, these institutions now reach more

than 40,000 borrowers. 
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 41

APPENDIX I: METHODOLOGY

TO CALCULATE PERCENTAGE

OF FUNDS FOR THE POOR

USAID collects and reports information on

the amount of funds allocated to very

poor clients, as determined by the amount of

portfolio (for MFIs) or number of clients (for

BDS programs) with poverty loans. Loan size,

while not an actual measure of the client’s

poverty status, is the currently accepted proxy

indicator in the microenterprise development

field for estimating the extent of service to

poorer clients. 

In accordance with the Microenterprise 

for Self-Reliance and International AntiCorruption Act of 2000, poverty loans are

defined by region as:

■ $300 or less in Asia, the Near East, and

Africa;

■ $400 or less in Latin America and the

Caribbean; and

■ $1,000 or less in Eastern Europe and

Eurasia.

Calculation of funds for microfinance: For

MFIs, an institution’s poverty lending ratio is

determined by dividing the amount of portfolio held in poverty loans by the total portfolio

amount for that institution. The result is then

multiplied by the amount of the obligation to

the institution, to give the amount of funds that

can be attributed to poverty lending. Adding

these amounts together for the universe of

institutions reporting data in the current year

provides the actual amount of total funds for

poverty lending. The proportion of total funds

for poverty lending is then determined based

on the ratio of the sum of funds for poverty

lending by these institutions to the total

amount of funds for microfinance provided to

these institutions. Institutions with current

lending activities that reported data are included in this summary, which presents an accurate

reflection of USAID support to the microfinance industry. Funds for microfinance for

which there is no corresponding data include

newly initiated activities and the technical support activities of the Microenterprise Development Division. 

Calculation of funds for BDS: Funds for the

very poor are calculated based on the number

of BDS clients with poverty loans. USAID

divides the number of BDS clients with poverty loans by the total number of BDS clients,

and multiplies that ratio by the total funds obligated to the institution for the current year to

obtain the amount of funds channeled to the

very poor. The sum of funds that can be

attributed to very poor clients is then divided

by the total amount of funds obligated to these

institutions to give the percentage of total BDS

funds that can be attributed to funds for the

very poor. 
42 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

APPENDIX II: USAID’S ANNUAL

MICROENTERPRISE SURVEY

Tables 15 and 16 contain information on

the respondents to USAID’s annual

microenterprise survey undertaken by Microenterprise Results Reporting (MRR).13 In

2001, 295 microfinance, 98 BDS institutions

and 18 policy institutions responded to the 

survey. 

Table 15. USAID’s Microenterprise Survey Respondents, 2001

Types Microfinance Business Policy 

Survey Development Survey Survey Total

Banks1, 2 59 1 - 60

Business Associations 5 2 1 8

Consulting Firms 1 8 8 17

Cooperatives/

Credit Unions 36 10 2 48

For-Profits/

Finance Companies 4 1 - 5

Government Agencies - 1 - 1

NGOs 135 30 1 166

Non-Bank Financial 

Institutions 19 1 - 20

PVOs 36 37 3 76

Research Institutions - 4 2 6

Other - 3 1 4

Total2 295 98 18 411

1 Includes rural banks that function more as village banks than as commercial banking facilities. 

2 Total includes Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). 

13 Microenterprise Results Reporting (MRR), implemented by Weidemann Associates, Inc. through a contract with the Barents

Group of KPMG Consulting, is responsible for collecting and reporting on USAID’s microenterprise funding and institutional

results. This report was prepared by Catherine Neill of Weidemann Associates, Inc, under the direction of Katharine McKee,

Director (USAID/EGAT/MD), with assistance from Mark Engmann and Geoffrey Chalmers. 
LINKING THE

POOR TOOPPORTUNITY 43

Table 16. USAID Funding for Microenterprise Institutions, 20011

Microfinance Enabling Microenterprise Enabling Total 

Microfinance Environment BDS Environment Obligations2

Amount Amount Amount Amount Amount

US$ (000’s) Number US$ (000’s) Number US$ (000’s) Number US$ (000’s) Number US$ (000’s) Number

Banks 4,877 22 0 - 403 1 0 - 5,280 23Business Associations 0 - 0 - 1,710 2 0 - 1,710 2Consulting 15,206 8 2,115 6 8,139 11 3,221 6 28,681 25Cooperatives& Credit Unions 3,994 8 0 - 2,066 2 0 - 6,060 9For-Profits/Finance Companies 538 3 1,531 1 705 2 0 - 2,774 6Government Agencies 289 1 0 - 547 2 0 - 836 3NGOs 23,989 40 250 1 7,415 17 150 2 31,804 58Non-BankFinancial Institution 20,738 12 0 - 0 - 0 - 20,738 12PVOs 22,304 37 260 1 15,977 33 2,050 2 40,591 64ResearchInstitutions 0 - 312 2 3,310 4 0 - 3,622 6USAID3 4,189 7 2,700 2 5,732 11 532 2 13,153 15Other 3,493 5 0 - 0 - 0 - 3,493 5Total4 99,617 143 7,168 13 46,004 85 5,953 12 158,742 2282

1 Funds were provided to institutions for loan capital, institutional strengthening,

technical assistance, program expansion, monitoring and evaluation, or researchand development. 

2 Table shows obligations made to umbrellas and apex organizations, not subobligations. 

3 Obligations to USAID include those funds that were used for microenterprise project management and those for which specific implementing institutions had not

yet been identified. 

4 Total for all obligations does not correspond with column totals because 22 institutions had funding for more than one purpose. 
44 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

APPENDIX III: USAID

MICROENTERPRISE FUNDING

BY COUNTRY, 1992–2001

Table 17: USAID Microenterprise Funding by Country, 

1992-2001 — US$ '000's

COUNTRY 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Africa (AFR)

Benin 1,835 1,040 1,397 1,109 985

Botswana 627 158 

Burkina Faso 150 

Burundi 2,171 543 

Chad 258 1,635 10 

Eritrea 200 200 553

Ethiopia 330 34 1,049 1,683 600 756

Gambia 100 298 10 276 

Ghana 1,050 505 2,584 4,515 4,448 6,322 6,000 6,513

Guinea 4,054 1,409 2,210 2,210 500 401 73 1,300 600 600

Guinea-Bissau 1,370 1,855 2,575 2,033 

Kenya 1,084 270 1,650 2,000 2,904 1,717 2,629 943 2,357

Madagascar 801 550 229 260 225

Malawi 3,466 1,953 340 230 635

Mali 4,329 175 8,251 1,160 148 417 809 3,131 2,265 2,710

Mozambique 750 180 630 3,373 2,370 2,802 0 1,932 1,086

Namibia 280 320 410 712 241 

Niger 2,795 3 715 0

Nigeria 3,090

RCSA 400 200

REDSO/EA 260 

Senegal 7,040 7,850 3,520 450 932 364 2,500 2,778 12,916 3,852

South Africa 3,021 8,016 3,781 3,308 4,005 50 1,000 1,000

Swaziland 3,327 

Tanzania 1,558 1,478 200 950 2,000 2,650

Togo 1,141 

Uganda 2,330 3,358 2,582 2,416 3,044 5,481 5,162 4,752 2,540 1,300

Zambia 153 500 600 1,000 616 1,500 1,869 1,021

Zimbabwe 603 5,500 425 350 35 200 2,940 2,010

Regional Programs 491 100 800 

AFR Subtotal 35,295 29,747 24,074 17,013 22,853 25,764 24,421 27,257 37,144 31,118
LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY 45

Asia/Near East (ANE)

Bangladesh 1,500 250 650 1,165 5,670 8,639 7,663 3,388 2,000 4,105

Cambodia 112 462 2,398 1,281 750 1,000

Egypt 35,554 11,000 17,376 16,020 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 15,000

India 428 250 1,300

Indonesia 2,590 679 2,200 747 866 1,000 4,186 1,700

Jordan 1,031 100 500 2,792 3,539 5,739 7,655 6,000

Lebanon 2,045 1,000 1,000 2,100 866 2,500

Mongolia 105

Morocco 210 1,500 3,600 1,450 990 2,000 1,250 900

Nepal 1,980 2,260 1,950 1,200 50 1,170 1,855 500 1,500

Pakistan 3,134 

Philippines 4,820 2,666 4,802 8,411 3,000 2,746 900 1,000 2,540

South Pacific 564 

Sri Lanka 2,873 1,292 482 549 769 200 

Yemen 658 

West Bank/Gaza 1,888 2,499 3,311 501 3,133 2,515

ANE Subtotal 53,673 18,821 21,699 31,879 30,888 36,925 36,970 32,659 22,340 37,665

Europe and Eurasia (E&E)

Albania 2,240 2,200 225 1,000 1,000 1,500 950 550

Armenia 553 2,150 

Azerbaijan 991 4,200 6,961 3,100

Bulgaria 1,564 1,400 771 132 524 1,450 1,266 1,118

Caucasus 6,940 2,000

Central/Eastern Europe 2,614 200

Croatia 500 500

Czech Republic 569 500 

Estonia 224 150 

Europe/Eurasia Region 1,000 200

Georgia 870 923 2,027 500 3,590 1,172

Hungary 1,197 730 310

Kazakstan 244 1,377 1,975 3,045 2,715

Kosovo 1,000 1,600

Kyrgystan 6,200 487 2,878 1,177 1,826 999 2,523

Latvia 224 430 

Lithuania 560 600 

Macedonia 2,500 950 900 500 2,000 1,056 1,000

Moldova 60 180 200

Montenegro 1,000 1,400

Poland 7,756 4,976 1,693 19,088 

Romania 896 500 1,405 3,200 2,050 4,547 1,758 1,293

Russia 12,810 5,200 2,475 2,139 7,340 7,357 5,218 4,470

Serbia 2,000

Slovakia 896 500 

Tajikistan 101 1,479 2,235

Turkmenistan 356 638

COUNTRY 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
46 LINKING THE POOR TO OPPORTUNITY

COUNTRY 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Ukraine 2,100 450 2,403 1,238 4,948 3,500

Uzbekistan 40 583 442

E&E Subtotal 0 2,614 38,106 20,136 10,473 45,398 18,941 25,570 35,291 27,718 

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)

Belize 266 

Bolivia 2,136 3,548 5,532 7,652 1,775 1,800 3,230 1,200 1,700 2,025

Caribbean Regional 1,005 1,000 4,610 600 

Costa Rica 300 110 140 15 

Dominican Republic 4,778 5,684 2,065 1,300 780 500

Ecuador 200 250 945 1,094 796 945 758 2,730

El Salvador 11,882 9,898 19,120 7,788 2,478 3,214 3,800 2,990 2,918 4,366

Guatemala 795 647 708 1,974 1,403 9,576 2,155 2,136

Guyana 875 350 700 53 30 164 2,000

Haiti 2,030 1,180 760 3,148 2,868 3,698 7,246 6,789 1,964

Honduras 8,307 6,190 1,187 587 914 5,205 9,312 2,639

Jamaica 745 946 743 696 442 389 640 1,074 1,926

Mexico 65 200 147 550 1,000

Nicaragua 627 101 1,744 448 1,222 1,440 2,817 1,021 2,441

Peru 732 4,592 3,011 7,796 3,220 4,447 6,564 5,863 9,357 8,011

Regional Programs 1,444 1,453

LAC Subtotal 25,438 35,589 40,721 32,595 15,200 20,101 21,080 36,972 36,493 31,238

CENTRAL BUREAUS

GLOBAL

Business Development 3,150 10,750

Develop.Credit 500 450 61 573 375 784 3,021

Emerging Markets 4,136 2,800 

Microenterprise 3,145 3,793 4,909 22,416 20,194 28,534 24,994 12,288 22,844 17,056

Housing (RHUDO) 300 

Women in Develop. 730 645 

Private & Voluntary 

Cooperation 10,926

Global Subtotal 8,511 4,243 4,909 22,416 23,939 28,595 28,717 23,413 23,628 31,003 

BUREAU FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE (BHR)

Private & Voluntary 3,381 4,989 7,887 9,494 8,005 8,289 8,316 7,650 9,495 0

BHR Subtotal 3,381 4,989 7,887 9,494 8,005 8,289 8,316 7,650 9,495 0

SUBTOTAL 

Central Bureaus 11,892 9,232 12,796 31,910 31,944 36,884 37,033 31,063 33,123 31,003

GRAND TOTAL 126,298 96,003 137,396 133,533 111,358 165,072 138,445 153,521 164,391 158,742
The USAID microenterprise web site,

www.USAIDMicro.org, contains the latest

microenterprise research and reports, and

links to other informative web sites. 

Produced by Weidemann Associates, Inc.

under the USAID-funded MicroServe

Indefinite Quantity Contract Numbers: 

PCE-0406-I-00-6012-00, PCE-I-00-96-90012-00

and USAID Contract No. PCE-I-00-98-00012-00,

Task Order No. 06, with the Barents Group 

of KPMG Consulting, LLC under Subcontract 

No. AID-99-I-00012-000-0029, Technical

Assistance Order #3

By 

Weidemann Associates, Inc.

933 North Kenmore Street, Suite 405

Arlington, Virginia 22201 USA

Tel: 703-522-3075 Fax: 703-525-6169 

Email: WeidAssoc@aol.com

Internet: www.weidemann.org.

December 2002

Cover photo courtesy of Geoffrey Chalmers

For more information, contact 

U.S. Agency for International Development

Washington, DC 20523-1000

Telephone: 202-712-4810

www.usaid.gov
Table of Contents 

Annex A: Summary of USAID Microenterprise Funding by Country, 1992-2001 

Annex B: Microenterprise Funding by Bureau, FY 2001 

Annex C: Microenterprise Funding by Region, FY 2001 

Annex D: Microenterprise Funding by Fund Account, FY 2001 

Annex E: Institutions with Amounts of FY 2001 Funding by Bureau 

Annex F: Microfinance Institutions with Portfolio Data by Location of Institution, 

FY 2001 

Annex G: MFI Savings Data, Location, of Clients and Sustainability, FY 2001 

Annex H: Poverty Lending Ratings by Location of Institution, FY 2001 

Annex I: BDS Providers in USAID Survey, FY 2001 

Annex J: BDS Facilitators in USAID Survey, FY 2001 

Annex K: Policy Research by USAID-Supported Institutions, FY 2001 

**** The FY 2001 Annex tables are available in PDF format on the MRR website 

at www.mrreporting.org 
ANNEX A

SUMMARY OF USAID MICROENTEPRRISE FUNDING

BY COUNTRY, 1992-2001

US $ '000's

REGION COUNTRY 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Africa (AFR)

Benin 1,835 1,040 1,397 1,109 985

Botswana 627 158

Burkina Faso 150

Burundi 2,171 543

Chad 258 1,635 10

Eritrea 200 200 553

Ethiopia 330 34 1,049 1,683 600 756

Gambia 100 298 10 276

Ghana 1,050 505 2,584 4,515 4,448 6,322 6,000 6,513

Guinea 4,054 1,409 2,210 2,210 500 401 73 1,300 600 600

Guinea-Bissau 1,370 1,855 2,575 2,033

Kenya 1,084 270 1,650 2,000 2,904 1,717 2,629 943 2,357

Madagascar 801 550 229 260 225

Malawi 3,466 1,953 340 230 635

Mali 4,329 175 8,251 1,160 148 417 809 3,131 2,265 2,710

Mozambique 750 180 630 3,373 2,370 2,802 0 1,932 1,086

Namibia 280 320 410 712 241

Niger 2,795 3 715 0

Nigeria 3,090

RCSA 400 200

REDSO/EA 260

Senegal 7,040 7,850 3,520 450 932 364 2,500 2,778 12,916 3,852

South Africa 3,021 8,016 3,781 3,308 4,005 50 1,000 1,000

Swaziland 3,327

Tanzania 1,558 1,478 200 950 2,000 2,650

Togo 1,141

Uganda 2,330 3,358 2,582 2,416 3,044 5,481 5,162 4,752 2,540 1,300

Zambia 153 500 600 1,000 616 1,500 1,869 1,021

Zimbabwe 603 5,500 425 350 35 200 2,940 2,010

Regional Programs 491 100 800

AFR Subtotal 35,295 29,747 24,074 17,013 22,853 25,764 24,421 27,257 37,144 31,118

Asia/Near East (ANE)

Bangladesh 1,500 250 650 1,165 5,670 8,639 7,663 3,388 2,000 4,105

Cambodia 112 462 2,398 1,281 750 1,000

Egypt 35,554 11,000 17,376 16,020 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 15,000

India 428 250 1,300

Indonesia 2,590 679 2,200 747 866 1,000 4,186 1,700

Jordan 1,031 100 500 2,792 3,539 5,739 7,655 6,000

Lebanon 2,045 1,000 1,000 2,100 866 2,500

Mongolia 105

Morocco 210 1,500 3,600 1,450 990 2,000 1,250 900

Nepal 1,980 2,260 1,950 1,200 50 1,170 1,855 500 1,500

Pakistan 3,134

Philippines 4,820 2,666 4,802 8,411 3,000 2,746 900 1,000 2,540

South Pacific 564

Sri Lanka 2,873 1,292 482 549 769 200

Yemen 658

West Bank/Gaza 1,888 2,499 3,311 501 3,133 2,515

ANE Subtotal 53,673 18,821 21,699 31,879 30,888 36,925 36,970 32,659 22,340 37,665

Europe and Eurasia (E&E)

Albania 2,240 2,200 225 1,000 1,000 1,500 950 550

A-1
REGION COUNTRY 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Armenia 553 2,150

Azerbaijan 991 4,200 6,961 3,100

Bulgaria 1,564 1,400 771 132 524 1,450 1,266 1,118

Caucasus 6,940 2,000

Central/Eastern Europe 2,614 200

Croatia 500 500

Czech Republic 569 500

Estonia 224 150

Europe/Eurasia Region 1,000 200

Georgia 870 923 2,027 500 3,590 1,172

Hungary 1,197 730 310

Kazakstan 244 1,377 1,975 3,045 2,715

Kosovo 1,000 1,600

Kyrgystan 6,200 487 2,878 1,177 1,826 999 2,523

Latvia 224 430

Lithuania 560 600

Macedonia 2,500 950 900 500 2,000 1,056 1,000

Moldova 60 180 200

Montenegro 1,000 1,400

Poland 7,756 4,976 1,693 19,088

Romania 896 500 1,405 3,200 2,050 4,547 1,758 1,293

Russia 12,810 5,200 2,475 2,139 7,340 7,357 5,218 4,470

Serbia 2,000

Slovakia 896 500

Tajikistan 101 1,479 2,235

Turkmenistan 356 638

Ukraine 2,100 450 2,403 1,238 4,948 3,500

Uzbekistan 40 583 442

E&E Subtotal 0 2,614 38,106 20,136 10,473 45,398 18,941 25,570 35,291 25,717

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)

Belize 266

Bolivia 2,136 3,548 5,532 7,652 1,775 1,800 3,230 1,200 1,700 2,025

Caribbean Regional 1,005 1,000 4,610 600

Costa Rica 300 110 140 15

Dominican Republic 4,778 5,684 2,065 1,300 780 500

Ecuador 200 250 945 1,094 796 945 758 2,730

El Salvador 11,882 9,898 19,120 7,788 2,478 3,214 3,800 2,990 2,918 4,366

Guatemala 795 647 708 1,974 1,403 9,576 2,155 2,136

Guyana 875 350 700 53 30 164 2,000

Haiti 2,030 1,180 760 3,148 2,868 3,698 7,246 6,789 1,964

Honduras 8,307 6,190 1,187 587 914 5,205 9,312 2,639

Jamaica 745 946 743 696 442 389 640 1,074 1,926

Mexico 65 200 147 550 1,000

Nicaragua 627 101 1,744 448 1,222 1,440 2,817 1,021 2,441

Peru 732 4,592 3,011 7,796 3,220 4,447 6,564 5,863 9,357 8,011

Regional Programs 1,444 1,453

LAC Subtotal 25,438 35,589 40,721 32,595 15,200 20,101 21,080 36,972 36,493 31,238

CENTRAL BUREAUS

Global

Business Development 3,150 10,750

Develop.Credit 500 450 61 573 375 784 3,021

Emerging Markets 4,136 2,800

Microenterprise 3,145 3,793 4,909 22,416 20,194 28,534 24,994 12,288 22,844 17,056

Housing (RHUDO) 300

Women in Develop. 730 645

Private & Voluntary Cooperation (PVC) 10,926

Global Subtotal 8,511 4,243 4,909 22,416 23,939 28,595 28,717 23,413 23,628 31,003

Bureau for Humanitarian Response (BHR)

PVC 3,381 4,989 7,887 9,494 8,005 8,289 8,316 7,650 9,495 0

BHR Subtotal 3,381 4,989 7,887 9,494 8,005 8,289 8,316 7,650 9,495 0

SUBTOTAL Central Bureaus 11,892 9,232 12,796 31,910 31,944 36,884 37,033 31,063 33,123 31,003

GRAND TOTAL 126,298 96,003 137,396 133,533 111,358 165,072 138,445 153,521 164,391 156,741

A-2
ANNEX B

 Microenterprise Funding by Bureau, 2001

 (US$ '000's)

BUREAU MISSION FINANCE FINANCIAL 

POLICY BDS MICROENTERPRISE POLICY TOTAL

AFRICA Benin $362 $623 $985 

Eritrea $372 $181 $553 

Ethiopia $398 $358 $756 

Ghana $6,513 $6,513 

Guinea $600 $600 

Kenya $1,195 $1,162 $2,357 

Liberia $0 $0 

Madagascar $0 $0 

Malawi $635 $635 

Mali $1,179 $1,531 $2,710 

Mozambique $1,086 $1,086 

Nigeria $1,500 $500 $1,090 $3,090 

Senegal $270 $2,500 $582 $500 $3,852 

South Africa $1,000 $1,000 

Tanzania $1,050 $1,600 $2,650 

Uganda $1,300 $1,300 

Zambia $1,021 $1,021 

Zimbabwe $1,510 $500 $2,010 

$8,721 $4,531 $15,766 $2,100 $31,118 

ANE Bangladesh $1,845 $2,260 $4,105 

Cambodia $1,000 $1,000 

Egypt $15,000 $15,000 

India $1,300 $1,300 

Indonesia $410 $431 $859 $1,700 

Jordan $6,000 $6,000 

Lebanon $2,500 $2,500 

Mongolia $105 $105 

Morocco $900 $900 

Nepal $0 $0 

Philippines $2,190 $350 $2,540 

West Bank /Gaza $2,515 $2,515 

$33,765 $781 $3,119 $0 $37,665 

BHR PVC $9,594 $1,332 $10,926 

Total BHR $9,594 $0 $1,332 $0 $10,926 

EE Albania $550 $550 

Azerbaijan $2,600 $500 $3,100 

Bulgaria $1,118 $1,118 

Croatia $0 $0 

Georgia $1,023 $99 $50 $1,172 

Total AFRICA

Total ANE

B-1
BUREAU MISSION FINANCE FINANCIAL 

POLICY BDS MICROENTERPRISE POLICY TOTAL

Kazakhstan $260 $842 $1,613 $2,715 

Kosovo $1,600 $1,600 

Kyrgyzstan $473 $55 $705 $1,290 $2,523 

Macedonia $1,000 $1,000 

Romania $400 $893 $1,293 

Russia $2,620 $1,850 $4,470 

Serbia $2,000 $2,000 

Tajikistan $709 $1,326 $200 $2,235 

Ukraine $3,400 $100 $3,500 

Uzbekistan $331 $111 $442 

$17,824 $315 $6,326 $3,253 $27,718 

GLOBAL DC $3,021 $3,021 

MD $12,558 $132 $4,366 $17,056 

$15,579 $132 $4,366 $0 $20,077 

LAC Bolivia $1,577 $448 $2,025 

Ecuador $939 $1,791 $2,730 

El Salvador $3,400 $966 $4,366 

Guatemala $2,000 $136 $2,136 

Guyana $2,000 $2,000 

Haiti $470 $1,494 $1,964 

Honduras $2,039 $600 $2,639 

Jamaica $1,426 $500 $1,926 

Mexico $1,000 $1,000 

Nicaragua $250 $2,191 $2,441 

Peru $5,481 $2,530 $8,011 

$14,134 $1,409 $15,095 $600 $31,238 

$99,617 $7,168 $46,004 $5,953 $158,742 

Total LAC

GRAND TOTAL

Total EE

Total GLOBAL

B-2
 Microenterprise Funding by Region, 2001 

(US$ '000's)

REGION COUNTRY FINANCE FINANCIAL POLICY BDS MICROENTERPRISE POLICY TOTAL

AFRICA Africa Region $1,253 $1,253 

Benin $362 $623 $985 Eritrea $372 $181 $553 Ethiopia $1,698 $358 $2,056 Ghana $1,167 $6,513 $7,680 Guinea $600 $600 Kenya $1,195 $1,762 $2,957 Liberia $0 $0 Madagascar $0 $0 Malawi $635 $635 Mali $1,179 $1,531 $300 $3,010 Mozambique $1,077 $1,086 $2,163 Nigeria $1,500 $500 $1,090 $3,090 Rwanda $132 $132 Senegal $627 $2,500 $820 $500 $4,447 South Africa $1,000 $1,000 Tanzania $1,050 $1,600 $2,650 Uganda $1,300 $1,300 Zambia $132 $1,021 $1,153 

Zimbabwe $1,510 $500 $2,010 

$14,007 $4,663 $16,904 $2,100 $37,674 

ASIA Bangladesh $1,845 $2,260 $4,105 

Cambodia $1,000 $1,000 India $1,300 $750 $2,050 Indonesia $410 $431 $859 $1,700 

ANNEX 

C

Total AFRICA

C-1
REGION COUNTRY FINANCE FINANCIAL POLICY BDS MICROENTERPRISE POLICY TOTAL

Mongolia $105 $105 Nepal $400 $400 Philippines $2,190 $350 $2,540 

$6,850 $781 $4,269 $0 $11,900 

EE Albania $550 $550 

Azerbaijan $2,600 $500 $3,100 Bulgaria $1,118 $1,118 Croatia $0 $0 EE Region $2,268 $2,268 Georgia $1,023 $99 $50 $1,172 Kazakhstan $300 $260 $842 $1,613 $3,015 Kosovo $1,600 $1,600 Kyrgyzstan $473 $55 $705 $1,290 $2,523 Macedonia $1,000 $1,000 Romania $400 $893 $1,293 Russia $2,620 $1,850 $4,470 Tajikistan $709 $1,326 $200 $2,235 Ukraine $3,400 $100 $3,500 Uzbekistan $331 $111 $442 

$18,392 $315 $6,326 $3,253 $28,286 

LAC Bolivia $1,577 $448 $2,025 

Colombia $403 $403 Ecuador $939 $1,791 $2,730 El Salvador $3,400 $966 $4,366 Guatemala $2,694 $136 $2,830 Guyana $2,000 $2,000 Haiti $470 $1,494 $1,964 Honduras $2,039 $600 $2,639 Jamaica $1,426 $500 $1,926 

LAC Region $950 $950 Mexico $2,500 $1,000 $3,500 

Total ASIA

Total EE

C-2
REGION COUNTRY FINANCE FINANCIAL POLICY BDS MICROENTERPRISE POLICY TOTAL

Nicaragua $950 $2,191 $3,141 Peru $5,481 $2,980 $8,461 

$18,978 $1,409 $15,948 $600 $36,935 

NEAR EAST Egypt $15,000 $15,000 

Jordan $6,000 $6,000 Lebanon $2,500 $2,500 Morocco $900 $900 West Bank /Gaza $2,515 $2,515 

$26,915 $0 $0 $0 $26,915 

WORLDWIDE Worldwide $14,475 $2,557 $17,032 

$14,475 $0 $2,557 $0 $17,032 

GRAND 

TOTAL $99,617 $7,168 $46,004 $5,953 $158,742 

Total LAC

Total NEAR EAST

Total WORLDWIDE

C-3
 Microenterprise Funding by Fund Account, 2001 

(US$ '000's)

BUREAU MISSION CSD/HIV DA ESF FSA LC SAI/SEE

D TOTAL

AFRICA Benin $985 $985 

Eritrea $553 $553 Ethiopia $716 $40 $756 Ghana $6,513 $6,513 Guinea $600 $600 Kenya $1,495 $862 $2,357 Liberia $0 $0 Madagascar $0 $0 Malawi $635 $635 Mali $2,710 $2,710 Mozambique $1,086 $1,086 Nigeria $1,090 $2,000 $3,090 Senegal $3,852 $3,852 South Africa $1,000 $1,000 Tanzania $2,650 $2,650 Uganda $1,300 $1,300 Zambia $1,021 $1,021 

Zimbabwe $500 $1,510 $2,010 

$500 $27,716 $2,000 $0 $902 $0 $31,118 

ANE Bangladesh $1,460 $2,645 $4,105 

Cambodia $1,000 $1,000 Egypt $10,000 $5,000 $15,000 India $1,300 $1,300 Indonesia $1,700 $1,700 

ANNEX 

D

Total AFRICA

D-1
BUREAU MISSION CSD/HIV DA ESF FSA LC SAI/SEE

D TOTAL

Jordan $6,000 $6,000 Lebanon $2,500 $2,500 Mongolia $105 $105 Morocco $900 $900 Nepal $0 $0 Philippines $2,540 $2,540 West Bank /Gaza $2,515 $2,515 

$0 $7,000 $22,120 $0 $8,545 $0 $37,665 

BHR PVC $10,926 $10,926 

$0 $10,926 $0 $0 $0 $0 $10,926 

EE Albania $550 $550 

Azerbaijan $3,100 $3,100 Bulgaria $1,118 $1,118 Croatia $0 $0 Georgia $1,172 $1,172 Kazakhstan $2,715 $2,715 Kosovo $1,600 $1,600 Kyrgyzstan $2,523 $2,523 Macedonia $1,000 $1,000 Romania $1,293 $1,293 Russia $4,470 $4,470 Serbia $2,000 $2,000 Tajikistan $2,235 $2,235 Ukraine $3,500 $3,500 Uzbekistan $442 $442 

$0 $0 $0 $20,157 $0 $7,561 $27,718 

GLOBAL DC $3,021 $3,021 

MD $17,056 $17,056 

$0 $20,077 $0 $0 $0 $0 $20,077 

Total ANE

Total BHR

Total EE

Total GLOBAL

D-2
BUREAU MISSION CSD/HIV DA ESF FSA LC SAI/SEE

D TOTAL

LAC Bolivia $2,025 $2,025 

Ecuador $1,357 $1,373 $2,730 El Salvador $4,000 $366 $4,366 Guatemala $2,000 $136 $2,136 Guyana $2,000 $2,000 Haiti $1,964 $1,964 Honduras $2,639 $2,639 Jamaica $1,926 $1,926 Mexico $1,000 $1,000 Nicaragua $2,441 $2,441 Peru $3,700 $4,311 $8,011 

$0 $23,088 $3,839 $0 $4,311 $0 $31,238 

GRAND 

TOTAL $500 $88,807 $27,959 $20,157 $13,758 $7,561 $158,742 

Total LAC

D-3
 Institutions with Amounts of 2001 Funding by Bureau 

(US$ '000's)

BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

AFRICA Benin Democracy Enterprise Works/Benin NONCRD $6

Democracy VFB VITAL-FINANCE BENIN/Benin CREDIT $3

Total Benin $9

Eritrea

Economic Growth/Food Security CARE International/Eritrea CREDIT $3Economic Growth/Food Security REU Rural Enterprise Unit/Eritrea NONCRD $1

Total Eritrea $5

Ethiopia

Agriculture and Natural Resources ACDI/VOCA/Ethiopia NONCRD $1Agriculture and Natural Resources CRS Catholic Relief Services/Ethiopia CREDIT $1Agriculture and Natural Resources FHI Food for the Hungry Inter./Ethiopia CREDIT $Agriculture and Natural Resources Pact/Ethiopia Pact/Ethiopia/Ethiopia CREDIT $1Agriculture and Natural Resources SOAG/Ethiopia NONCRD $1FFP/USAID CRS Catholic Relief Services/Ethiopia CREDIT $

Total Ethiopia $7

Ghana EWW/Ghana EWW Enterprise Works WorldWide/Ghana NONCRD $1,8

TechnoServe/Ghana NONCRD $3,8

Private Sector Nature Conservation Research/Ghana NONCRD $8

Total Ghana $6,5

Guinea Natural Resources Winrock International/USA NONCRD $6

Total Guinea $6

Kenya FFP/USAID TechnoServe/Kenya NONCRD $8

Microenterprise AMFI The Association of Microfinance Institutions/Kenya CREDIT $4Microenterprise Faulu Kenya Limited/Kenya CREDIT $3Microenterprise KWFT Kenya Women Finance Trust/Kenya CREDIT $4Microenterprise TechnoServe/Kenya NONCRD $3

Total Kenya $2,3

Malawi BARENTS GROUP/Malawi CREDIT $2

ANNEX E

E-1
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

Agriculture

MUSCCO Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives/Malawi CREDIT $3

Total Malawi $6

Mali SEG/USAID/Mali Barents Group of KPMG Consulting/Mali/Mali FINPOL $1,5

USAID/Mali SEG PIYELI (World Education PIEC) CREDIT $4USAID/Mali SEG Save the Children/Mali - GGLS CREDIT $7

Total Mali $2,7

Mozambique ACDI/VOCA Mozambique/Mozambique NONCRD $2

ADRA/Mozambique NONCRD $Africare/Mozambique NONCRD $CARE/Mozambique NONCRD $CLUSA Cooperative League of the United States of America/Mozambique NONCRD $2FHI/Mozambique NONCRD $Save the Children/Mozambique NONCRD $TechnoServe Mozambique/Mozambique NONCRD $2World Vision/Mozambique NONCRD $

Total Mozambique $1,0

Nigeria Nigeria SOAG/Nigeria SOAG/Nigeria/Nigeria CREDIT $1,5

Nigeria SOAG/Nigeria SOAG/Nigeria/Nigeria FINPOL $5Nigeria SOAG/Nigeria SOAG/Nigeria/Nigeria NONCRD $1,0

Total Nigeria $3,0

Senegal Private Sector DynaEntreprises/ Chemonics/Senegal FINPOL $3

Private Sector Private Sector SO/Senegal FINPOL $2,2Private Sector SOAG/Senegal NONCRD $5Private Sector SOAG/Senegal NONPOL $5Special Objective Casamance CRS Catholic Relief Services/Senegal CREDIT $2Special Objective Casamance Handicap International NONCRD $

Total Senegal $3,8

South Africa Enterprise, Management and Innovation NONCRD $5

WEI World Education NTINGA/South Africa NONCRD $5

$1,0

Tanzania African Wildlife Foundation/Tanzania NONCRD $1

Africare/Ugalla Community Conservation Project/Tanzania NONCRD $1International Business Intiatives/Chemonics International/Tanzania NONPOL $1,6Tuskeege University/Sokoine University/Tanzania NONCRD $8

Total Tanzania $2,6

Uganda Faulu Uganda Limited/Uganda CREDIT $

Total South Africa

E-2
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

FINCA Uganda Foundation for International Community Assistance/Uganda CREDIT $3FOCCAS/Uganda CREDIT $FTCU Feed The Children Uganda/Uganda CREDIT $Katakwi Soroti Development Organisation (KASO) CREDIT $MED-Net Microenterprise Development Network/Uganda CREDIT $PRIDE UGANDA Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprise (Uganda) Limited/Uganda CREDIT $UMU Uganda Microfinance Union/Uganda CREDIT $4UWFT UGANDA WOMEN's FINANCE TRUST LIMITED/Uganda CREDIT $2

Total Uganda $1,3

Zambia ZACCI Zambia Assoc of Chambers of Commerce NONCRD $4

Microenterprise IESC/Zambia NONCRD $6

Total Zambia $1,0

Zimbabwe DAI/Zimbabwe NONCRD $5

DAI/Zimbabwe CREDIT $1,5

Total Zimbabwe $2,0

$31,1

ANE Bangladesh Enterprise Development ICLARM- The World Fish Center/Bangladesh NONCRD $7

Enterprise Development IRIS/JOBS University of Maryland/Bangladesh NONCRD $7FFP/USAID CARE/Bangladesh CREDIT $1,0FFP/USAID WV World Vision/Bangladesh CREDIT $8FFP/USAID WV World Vision/Bangladesh NONCRD $8

$4,1

Cambodia

Office of General Development Catholic Relief Services/Cambodia CREDIT $5Office of General Development World Relief/Cambodia CREDIT $5

Total Cambodia $1,0

Egypt Credit Guarantee Corporation/Egypt CREDIT $5,0

Microenterprise Credit Guarantee Corporation/Egypt CREDIT $10,0

Total Egypt $15,0

India USAID/India FWWB Friends of Women's World Banking, India/India CREDIT $1,3

Total India $1,3

Indonesia Trickle Up Program/Indonesia CREDIT $2

Economic Growth

ASEMHAKI The Indonesian Association for Small and Medium Enterprises Consultant/Indonesia NONCRD $2

Total Bangladesh

Total AFRICA

E-3
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

Economic Growth IDP Activities CREDIT $1Economic Growth IRIS Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector/Indonesia FINPOL $1Economic Growth PEG Partnership for Economic Growth Project/Indonesia FINPOL $2Economic Growth The Asia Foundation/Indonesia NONCRD $6

Total Indonesia $1,7

Jordan Microenterprise Chemonics/AMIR/Jordan CREDIT $6,0

Total Jordan $6,0

Lebanon Other

Al Majmoua The Lebanese Association for Development: Al Majmoua/Lebanon CREDIT $1,1

Other

CHF/AMEEN Access to Microfinance and Enhance Enterprise Nich/Lebanon CREDIT $1,0

Other Makhzoumi Foundation/Lebanon CREDIT $4

Total Lebanon $2,5

Mongolia USAID/Mongolia Gobi Beginings Mercy Corps/Gobi Beginings (GB)/Mongolia CREDIT $1

Total Mongolia $1

Morocco Economic Growth Al Amana Association/Foundation Zakoura CREDIT $9

Total Morocco $9

Philippines

Office of Econ.Development & Governance Chemonics/Philippines CREDIT $2,1Office of Economic Development & Governa

IMCC/CPIP International Management and Communication Corporation/Credit Policy Impr/Philippines FINPOL $3

Total 

Philippines $2,5

West Bank /Gaza Private Enterprise Activity Support/West Bank CREDIT $1

Private Enterprise DAI/West Bank Gaza CREDIT $Private Enterprise

ISAMI Initiative for Sustainable and Accessible Microfin/West Bank /Gaza CREDIT $1,0

Private Enterprise Save the Children/US/West Bank /Gaza CREDIT $1,2

$2,5

Total ANE $37,6

BHR PVC AAC/MIS Americas Assoc of Coops/Mutual Insur. Soc CREDIT $1

ACCION International CREDIT $4ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency CREDIT $5Aid to Artisans NONCRD $5

Total West Bank /Gaza

E-4
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

ARHC Andean Rural Health Care Inc. (Curamericas)/USA CREDIT $3CCF Christian Childrens Fund CREDIT $4CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation CREDIT $2CONCERN Worldwide/Worldwide CREDIT $3CRS Catholic Relief Services CREDIT $5Enterprise Development CREDIT $FFH Freedom from Hunger CREDIT $1FINCA International/USA CREDIT $2,0Katalysis North/South Development Partnership CREDIT $4MEDA Mennonite Economic Development Assoc. CREDIT $4NCBA National Cooperative Business Association/USA NONCRD $5OI Opportunity International CREDIT $4PLAN International CREDIT $3PRO Women CREDIT $5Project HOPE CREDIT $5SEEP Network CREDIT $3Winrock International/USA NONCRD $2WOCCU CREDIT $5WR World Relief Corporation/USA CREDIT $2WV World Vision Relief and Development CREDIT $5

Total PVC $10,9

Total BH

R $10,9

EE Albania PSHM Partneri Shqiptar ne Mikrokredi/Albania CREDIT $5

Total Albania $5

Azerbaijan USAID/Baku ACDI/VOCA/Azerbaijan CREDIT $6

USAID/Baku Mercy Corps International/Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan CREDIT $2,0USAID/Baku Mercy Corps International/Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan NONCRD $5

$3,1

Bulgaria Private Sector CRS Catholic Relief Services/Bulgaria CREDIT $5

Private Sector NACHALA Cooperative/Bulgaria CREDIT $1Private Sector

WOCCU/Bulgaria World Counsil of Credit Unions Inc./Bulgaria CREDIT $5

Total Bulgaria $1,1

Georgia USAID/Caucasus HRST IRC INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE/Georgia CREDIT $4

USAID/Caucasus HRST Office

CARE International in the Caucasus Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere/Georgia NONPOL $

Total Azerbaijan

E-5
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

USAID/Caucasus HRST Office Mercy Corps Int. CREDIT $USAID/Caucasus, ER SCF Save the Children Federation/Worldwide CREDIT $4USAID/Caucasus, ER Development Associates Inc. NONCRD $

Total Georgia $1,1

Kazakhstan Enterprise and Finance

NBRK National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan NONPOL $4

Enterprise and Finance Pragma Corporation - Kazakhstan FINPOL $2Enterprise and Finance Pragma Corporation - Kazakhstan NONCRD $5Enterprise and Finance Pragma Corporation - Kazakhstan NONPOL $1,1PS Eurasia Foundation/Kazakhstan NONCRD $2

$2,7

Kosovo EE FINCA International/Kosovo CREDIT $1,6

Total Kosovo $1,6

Kyrgyzstan Enterprise and Finance ARD/CHECCHI Kyrgyzstan NONCRD $3

Enterprise and Finance ARD/CHECCHI Kyrgyzstan NONPOL $2Enterprise and Finance Barents Group of KPMG Consulting/Kyrgyzstan FINPOL $Enterprise and Finance Barents Group of KPMG Consulting/Kyrgyzstan NONPOL $1Enterprise and Finance BTFF Bai Tushum Financial Foundation/Kyrgyzstan CREDIT $4Enterprise and Finance Pragma Corporation - Kyrgyzstan NONCRD $3Enterprise and Finance Pragma Corporation - Kyrgyzstan NONPOL $9Enterprise and Finance PSC Huston Kyrgyzstan NONPOL $PS Eurasia Foundation/Kyrgyzstan NONCRD $

$2,5

Macedonia Moznosti Humanitarian Association Moznosti/Macedonia CREDIT $1,0

$1,0

Romania Private Sector CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation/Romania NONCRD $8

Private Sector RAEF Romanian-American Enterprise Fund/Romania CREDIT $4

Total Romania $1,2

Russia

Business Development & Investment Office ACDI/VOCA ACDI/VOCA/Russia CREDIT $1,2Business Development & Investment Office CEF Counterpart Enterprise Fund /Russia CREDIT $5Business Development & Investment Office DAI Development Alternatives, Inc./Russia NONCRD $8Business Development & Investment Office

FINCA Foundation for International Community Assistance/Russia CREDIT $3

Business Development & Investment Office FINCA/Tomsk/Russia CREDIT $5Business Development & Investment Office University of Alaska Anchorage/Russia NONCRD $1,0

Total Russia $4,4

Total Kyrgyzstan

Total Macedonia

Total Kazakhstan

E-6
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

Serbia OI/Eastern European Office CREDIT $2,0

Total Serbia $2,0

Tajikistan Enterprise and Finance ARD/CHECCHI NONPOL $2

Enterprise and Finance

MDTM Micro-entrepreneur Development Support Center/Tajikistan CREDIT $7

PS Eurasia Foundation/Tajikistan NONCRD $TCO

ACTED Agence pour la Cooperation Technique et le Develop/Tajikistan NONCRD $5

TCO CARE Tajikistan/Tajikistan NONCRD $4TCO SC/US Save the Children/Tajikistan NONCRD $3

Total Tajikistan $2,2

Ukraine Private Sector DCA/Ag Credit CREDIT $6

Private Sector Microfinance Bank - EBRD CREDIT $1,0Private Sector West NIS Enterprise Fund CREDIT $1,8Private Sector Winrock/Ukraine NONPOL $1

Total Ukraine $3,5

Uzbekistan Enterprise and Finance

O'z-MARD Uzbekistan Micro-entrepreneur Population Developme/Uzbekistan CREDIT $3

Enterprise and Finance Pragma/Uzbekistan NONCRD $PS Eurasia Foundation - Tashkent Regional Office/Uzbekistan NONCRD $

$4

Total EE $27,7

GLOBAL DC Office of Development Credit Banco Cuscatlan/El Salvador CREDIT $

Office of Development Credit Banco Solidario/Ecuador CREDIT $2Office of Development Credit Bancomer/Honduras CREDIT $3Office of Development Credit Bank NISP/Indonesia CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit Bank Spoldielczy W. Lomiankach/Poland CREDIT $Office of Development Credit Banrural CREDIT $Office of Development Credit Barclays Bank of Kenya/Kenya CREDIT $2Office of Development Credit BIN Bank/Russia CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit BISE Bank S.A./Poland CREDIT $1

Total Uzbekistan

E-7
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

Office of Development Credit CBAO/Senegal CREDIT $2Office of Development Credit Commerical Bank 'Ion Tiriac' S.A./Romania CREDIT $2Office of Development Credit Cooperative Bank of Kenya Limited/Kenya CREDIT $2Office of Development Credit Ecobank/Ghana CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit Financiera CalpiÃ¡, S.A./El Salvador CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit FinCom Bank/Moldova CREDIT $Office of Development Credit Moldova Agorlnd/Moldova CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit Prime Bank/Bangladesh CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit Royal Bank/Trinidad CREDIT $Office of Development Credit Seylan Bank, Ltd./Sri Lanka CREDIT $1Office of Development Credit Victoria Bank/Moldova CREDIT $

Total DC $3,0

MD SEEP Network CREDIT $

AIMS AIMS Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Servi CREDIT $2CASU Microenterprise Innovation Project CREDIT $CGAP CGAP Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest CREDIT $4EMDAP

EMDAP Emerging Markets Development Assistance Program/Worldwide CREDIT $2

IGP ADMIC/Mexico CREDIT $8IGP AFE/Mali NONCRD $3IGP

ApproTEC Appropriate Technologies for Enterprise Creation/Kenya NONCRD $6

IGP Calmeadow CREDIT $5IGP Frontier Finance/Ghana CREDIT $5IGP Genesis Empresarial/Guatemala CREDIT $6IGP IDE/ India NONCRD $7IGP IDE/Nepal NONCRD $4IGP KCLF Kazakhstan Community Loan Fund/Kazakhstan CREDIT $3IGP MicroRate CREDIT $1,7IGP Movimiento Manuela Ramos NONCRD $4IGP Sinapi Aba Trust CREDIT $6

E-8
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

IGP Tchuma/Mozambique CREDIT $1,0IGP WOCCU/Mexico CREDIT $1,4IGP Womens World Banking/Colombia NONCRD $4IGP WV/Ethiopia CREDIT $1,3MBP Microenterprise Best Practices NONCRD $1PASA Microenterprise Support/Senegal CREDIT $3PRIME Chemonics/Mexico CREDIT $3PRIME IRIS/Zambia FINPOL $1PRIME Microenterprise Support/Senegal NONCRD $2PRIME RMF Rwanda Microfinance Forum Secretariat/Rwanda CREDIT $1PRIME WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions, Inc/Nicaragua CREDIT $7SEEP SEEP Network CREDIT $1,0SEEP SEEP Network NONCRD $3SEGIR Buy-in Microenterprise Innovation Project NONCRD $8Training Microenterprise Innovation Project CREDIT $

Total MD $17,0

$20,0

LAC Bolivia Microenterprise SOAG Bolivia CREDIT $1,5

Microenterprise SOAG Bolivia NONCRD $4

Total Bolivia $2,0

Ecuador EGD

SALTO/DAI Strengthen Access to Microfinance and Liberalization Task Order/Ecuador FINPOL $9

GDO Project Support/Ecuador NONCRD $4GDO

SALTO/DAI Strengthen Access to Microfinance and Liberalization Task Order/Ecuador NONCRD $1,3

Total Ecuador $2,7

El Salvador

Economic Growth and Education CONAMYPE NONCRD $3Economic Growth and Education FOMIR DAI/El Salvador CREDIT $3,1Economic Growth and Education FOMIR DAI/El Salvador NONCRD $6Economic Growth and Education SO AG/El Salvador CREDIT $2

$4,3

Guatemala AGIL Abt Associates, Inc./Guatemala CREDIT $8

Banrural CREDIT $1,0FAFIDESS FundaciÃ3n de Asesoria Financiera a Instituciones/Guatemala CREDIT $

Total El Salvador

Total GLOBAL

E-9
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

REDIMIF CREDIT $1

Income and Natural Resources AGEXPRONT/Guatemala NONCRD $Income and Natural Resources CECI NONCRD $Income and Natural Resources CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation/Guatemala NONCRD $

$2,1

Guyana Mission IPED Institute of Private Enterprise Development/Guyana NONCRD $2

Mission MED Microenterprise/Guyana NONCRD $1,7

Total Guyana $2,0

Haiti Economic Growth Aid to Artisans/Haiti NONCRD $1,4

Economic Growth DAI-FINNET Haiti FINPOL $2Economic Growth FINCA/Haiti FINPOL $2

Total Haiti $1,9

Honduras

Agriculture & Natural Resources Office CARANA Corporation/Worldwide NONCRD $1,1Agriculture & Natural Resources Office Chemonics/Honduras NONCRD $9Agriculture & Natural Resources Office

Fintrac CDA Fintrac Inc / Centro de Desarrollo de Agronegocios/Honduras NONPOL $6

Total Honduras $2,6

Jamaica Economic Growth JNBS Jamaica National Building Society/Jamaica CREDIT $1,0

Economic Growth KRC Kingston Restoration Company Limited/Jamaica NONCRD $5Economic Growth Workers Bank CREDIT $4

Total Jamaica $1,9

Mexico Chemonics/Mexico NONCRD $1,0

Total Mexico $1,0

Nicaragua ERD FINCA/Nicaragua CREDIT $1

ERD FINCA/Nicaragua NONCRD $3ERD Project Coordination - Nicaragua NONCRD $ERD

ProMujer Nicaragua Pro Mujer Nicaragua Programas para la Mujer/Nicaragua CREDIT $1

ERD

ProMujer Nicaragua Pro Mujer Nicaragua Programas para la Mujer/Nicaragua NONCRD $2

ERD WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions, Inc/Nicaragua NONCRD $1,5

Total Nicaragua $2,4

Peru Agriculture A.B.PRISMA ASOCIACION BENEFICA PRISMA/Peru CREDIT $2,4

Agriculture

CRS/Perú Catholic Relief Srevices USCC - Programa Perú/Peru CREDIT $1,2

Total Guatemala

E-10
BUREAU MISSION OFFICE INSTITUTION FUNCTION OBLIGATION AMOUNT

Agriculture

EDPYME EDYFICAR Entidad de Desarrollo de la Micro y Pequena Empre/Peru CREDIT $6

Microenterprise ADEX/Peru NONCRD $1,3Microenterprise Chemonics/Peru NONCRD $1,1Microenterprise

COPEME Consorcio de organizaciones privadas de promocion a la pequenha y micro em/Peru CREDIT $5

Microenterprise Microenterprise Support/Peru CREDIT $2Microenterprise Microenterprise Support/Peru NONCRD $Microenterprise SEGIR IQC/Peru CREDIT $4

Total Peru $8,0

Total LAC $31,2

GRAND TOTAL $158,7

E-11
 Microfinance Institutions with Portfolio Data by Location of Institution, 2001

REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

AFRICA Africa Region Haben Haben/Africa Region 0 $0 0.00% 

VE Vision Eritrea/Africa Region 4 $696 100.00% 

Total Africa Region 4 $696 

Benin PADME BENIN Association pour la Promotion et l'Appui au DÃ©vel/Benin 16,263 $6,200,000 81.00% 

VFB VITAL-FINANCE BENIN/Benin 9,017 $2,411,107 85.00% 

Total Benin 25,280 $8,611,107 

Eritrea CARE International/Eritrea 4 $696 100.00% 

Total Eritrea 4 $696 

Ethiopia Gasha Micro Financing, S.C./Ethiopia 7,000 $350,570 79.00% 

Meklit Microfinance Institution, S.C./Ethiopia 2,187 $220,500 70.00% Specialized Financial and Promotional Institution/Ethiopia 6,000 $422,783 73.00% WV/Ethiopia 9,759 $1,039,717 31.00% 

Total Ethiopia 24,946 $2,033,570 

Ghana Ecobank/Ghana 8 $47,075 25.00% 

Sinapi Aba Trust 24,396 $1,665,071 92.10% 

Total Ghana 24,404 $1,712,146 

Guinea Afr/Gn Africare/Guinea/Guinea 10 $18,000 90.00% 

OICI Opportunities Industrialization Centers International Guinea - Mamou/Guinea 631 $23,111 100.00% PRIDE/Finance/Guinea 10,160 $1,339,400 72.79% VITA Volunteers In Technical Assistance/Guinea 2,707 $81,162 54.00% 

Total Guinea 13,508 $1,461,672 

Kenya AMFI The Association of Microfinance Institutions/Kenya 0 $0 0.00% 

Barclays Bank of Kenya/Kenya 8 $54,093 38.00% Cooperative Bank of Kenya Limited/Kenya 1,413 $1,221,750 60.00% Faulu Kenya Limited/Kenya 11,584 $4,210,544 47.00% K-Rep Bank Limited/Kenya 15,911 $9,233,224 51.00% 

KWFT Kenya Women Finance Trust/Kenya 34,766 $6,047,957 100.00% SAGA Thrift and Enterprise Promotion, Ltd./Kenya 194 $14,936 65.00% SMEP Small and Micro Enterprise Programme/Kenya 10,833 $2,467,678 56.00% WOCCU/Kenya/Kenya 104,400 $59,043,934 40.00% 

Total Kenya 179,109 $82,294,116 

A

F-1
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

Malawi FINCA/Malawi 20,364 $1,151,000 98.00% 

MUSCCO Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives/Malawi 15,000 $568,920 25.00% Project Hope/Malawi 1,554 $55,222 100.00% 

Total Malawi 36,918 $1,775,142 

Mali AFR/Mali Africare/Mali 2,215 $257,000 52.00% 

CANEF 26,551 $555,619 98.00% CMEC SAN/Mali 2,137 $51,143 39.00% CRMD/Mali 12,110 $2,865,672 35.00% CVECA KITA/Mali 11,667 $510,633 30.00% 

CVECA ON/Mali 9,108 $2,037,747 36.00% CVECA PD/Mali 9,639 $332,425 27.00% JEMENI/Mali 12,467 $1,483,706 40.00% Jigiyaso 7,099 $263,708 86.00% Kafo Jiginew 15,327 $688,163 100.00% Kondo Jigima/Mali 21,938 $2,131,131 43.00% Nyesigiso 17,079 $952,680 100.00% PASACOOP/Mali 9,566 $357,097 41.00% Paseca/Mali 2,625 $172,765 33.00% PIYELI (World Education PIEC) 35,349 $806,048 67.00% Save the Children/Mali - GGLS 6,809 $199,779 100.00% 

Total Mali 201,686 $13,665,316 

Mozambique NovoBanco/Mozambique 2,167 $577,773 55.00% 

Tchuma/Mozambique 3,393 $499,189 64.00% 

World Relief/Mozambique FCC Fundo de Credito Comun 4,458 $239,175 70.00% 

Total Mozambique 10,018 $1,316,137 

Nigeria LAPO 12,174 $2,006,826 97.00% 

Total Nigeria 12,174 $2,006,826 

Rwanda World Relief/Rwanda URWEGO 6,994 $267,829 88.00% 

Total Rwanda 6,994 $267,829 

Senegal ACAPES-MECFAM Mutuelle d'Epargne et de Credit des Femmes du Mouvement social/Senegal 88 $15,271 98.00% 

ACEP/Senegal Alliance de Credit et d'Epargne pour la Production/Senegal 184 $171,016 64.00% ASACASE 137 $176,579 0.00% CAPEC - JOOBASS Caisse Populaire d'Epargne et de Credit JOOBASS/Senegal 20 $1,425 0.00% CBAO/Senegal 3 $19,942 0.00% CCF/Senegal Christian Children's Fund 2,394 $200,882 88.00% COFDEC Collectif des Femmes pour le Developpement de l'Epargne et du Credit/Senegal 278 $163,890 84.00% CRS Catholic Relief Services/Senegal 6,059 $331,559 100.00% FNGPF Federation Nationale des Groupements de Promotion Feminine/Senegal 4,158 $478,968 100.00% 

F-2
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

GEC FEMUNI Groupement d'Epargne et de Credit des Femmes de la cite des Nations Unies/Senegal 80 $6,044 81.00% INTER CREC Caisses Rurales d'Epargne et de Credit/Senegal 417 $108,354 41.00% MEC FADEC Mutuelle d'Epargne et de Credit de la Federation des Associations de Developpment Communautaire/Senegal 285 $70,270 49.00% MEC PROPEM Mutuelle d'Epargne et de Credit pour la Promotion de la Peche a Mbour/Senegal 332 $76,807 75.00% MECARTH Mutuelle d'Epargne et de Credit des Artisans de la Region de Thies/Senegal 95 $88,643 63.00% Plan/Senegal 71 $68,865 79.99% RECEC Reseau des Caisses d'Epargne et de Credit des Femmes de Dakar/Senegal 2,986 $308,118 79.00% UFC Union des Femmes commercantes/Senegal 50 $12,945 100.00% 

UMEC Union des Mutuelles d'Epargne et de Credit de Sedhiou/Senegal 2,753 $369,880 23.00% UNACOIS Union Nationale des CommerÃ§ants et Industriels du SÃ©nÃ©gal/Senegal 2,636 $1,195,669 52.00% 

Total Senegal 23,026 $3,865,127 

South Africa Calmeadow/SEF Calmeadow/Small Enterprise Foundation/South Africa 12,138 $7,567,199 98.00% 

FINCA/South Africa 1,678 $604,070 2.00% 

Total South Africa 13,816 $8,171,269 

Tanzania SEDA/Tanzania 11,328 $1,222,489 79.00% 

Total Tanzania 11,328 $1,222,489 

Uganda Faulu Uganda Limited/Uganda 7,594 $1,172,162 65.70% 

FINCA Uganda Foundation for International Community Assistance/Uganda 76,906 $1,628,000 100.00% FTCU Feed The Children Uganda/Uganda 10,651 $460,952 86.00% MED-Net Microenterprise Development Network/Uganda 8,126 $1,007,479 64.00% PRIDE UGANDA Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprise (Uganda) Limited/Uganda 32,496 $4,854,448 48.00% UMU Uganda Microfinance Union/Uganda 10,417 $1,683,000 70.00% WOCCU/Uganda/Uganda 4,360 $2,167,185 30.80% 

Total Uganda 150,550 $12,973,226 

Zambia FINCA/Zambia 919 $33,994 96.00% 

Total Zambia 919 $33,994 

Zimbabwe DAI/Zimbabwe 0 $0 0.00% 

SHDF Self Help Development Foundation/Zimbabwe 6,416 $481,679 91.00% Zambuko Trust 9,575 $130,515 81.26% 

Total Zimbabwe 15,991 $612,194 

Total AFRICA 750,675 $142,023,552 

F-3
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

ASIA Bangladesh BAWPA Bangladesh Agri. Working Peoples Assoc 2,343 $141,722 100.00% 

BAWSE Bang. Assoc. of Wom. for Self-Empower 1,789 $99,395 100.00% CARE/Bangladesh 7,514 $411,335 100.00% Desh Foundation/Bangladesh 2,611 $105,896 100.00% DSK Dushtha Shasthya Kendra 19,570 $630,694 100.00% Green Hill 315 $8,350 77.00% Hitaishi/Bangladesh 1,263 $53,262 100.00% HOPE Hatiya Optimist Peoples Energy 795 $18,486 82.00% IDF Integrated Development Foundation 34,000 $1,460,515 100.00% Mamata 6,988 $458,629 87.00% MSS 1,283 $59,272 100.00% OMI Organization for Mothers and Infants 1,298 $82,029 100.00% Prime Bank/Bangladesh 9 $46,306 11.00% WR/CSS Christian Service Society/Bangladesh 23,121 $1,076,371 83.00% 

Total Bangladesh 102,899 $4,652,262 

Cambodia Catholic Relief Services/Cambodia 25,325 $887,873 99.00% 

EMT Ennatien Moulethan Tchorebat/Cambodia 74,196 $2,975,316 76.00% TPT Concern/Thanakea Ponleu Thmey/Cambodia 11,157 $653,869 75.00% World Relief/Cambodia 7,973 $712,494 100.00% 

Total Cambodia 118,651 $5,229,552 

India ASA Activists for Social Alternatives 20,077 $1,142,456 100.00% 

BES Balaji Educational Society 914 $12,245 100.00% CARD/India 626 $13,743 100.00% ESAF 2,765 $96,941 100.00% FWWB Friends of Women's World Banking, India/India 32,119 $3,606,755 100.00% 

IMSE 4,460 $51,680 100.00% SARS South Asia Research Society 7,953 $724,144 100.00% TMT 784 $11,786 100.00% VSS 147 $5,190 100.00% 

Total India 69,845 $5,664,940 

Indonesia Bank NISP/Indonesia 1 $7,117 0.00% 

BRI Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Micro Division 2,790,192 $963,790,000 16.00% DIMAN Dian Mandiri/Indonesia 3,057 $70,051 68.38% 

Total Indonesia 2,793,250 $963,867,168 

Mongolia

G g g y C p /G g g(GB)/Mongolia 155 $443,300 32.00% 

Total Mongolia 155 $443,300 

Nepal Nirdhan Utthan Bank, Ltd./Nepal 39,553 $2,342,205 100.00% 

NSSC Neighborhood Society Service Ctr. 612 $48,406 100.00% Pact/Nepal/Nepal 68,613 $1,818,878 100.00% SBP/CSD 32,075 $2,370,340 100.00% TRWS 260 $15,358 100.00% 

F-4
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

Total Nepal 141,113 $6,595,187 

Philippines Ad Jesum Foundation/Philippines 2,156 $144,681 100.00% 

ASHI Ahon Sa Hirap Inc. 11,943 $559,649 100.00% Bangko Kabayan/Philippines 151 $41,424 75.96% Bank of Florida/Philippines 56 $6,287 76.47% Bank Victorias/Philippines 110 $12,821 78.17% CARD/Philippines 83,689 $7,732,924 100.00% Century Rural Bank/Philippines 292 $21,424 82.51% Cooperative Bank of Misamis Oriental, Inc./Philippines 609 $86,358 80.82% 

Cooperative Rural Bank of Bulacan/Philippines 712 $60,000 100.00% Dioces of Legaspi/Philippines 2,885 $0 100.00% Enterprise Bank/Philippines 4,408 $509,640 90.00% FICO First Isabela Cooperative Bank/Philippines 200 $37,105 80.97% First Macro Bank/Philippines 84 $15,927 83.24% MDF Muntinlupa Development Foundation 698 $58,698 91.00% Network Rural Bank, Inc. 390 $73,673 82.00% PD Project Dungganon 36,532 $3,103,532 100.00% Inc./Philippines 8,126 $249,459 100.00% Rang-Ay Bank/Philippines 26 $2,171 95.92% Rural Bank of Bogo/Philippines 52 $4,022 88.29% Rural Bank of Bukidnon, Inc. 1,748 $149,430 82.21% Rural Bank of Cantilan, Inc. 2,360 $213,742 89.48% Rural Bank of Digos, Inc. 557 $62,462 85.00% Rural Bank of Dipolog, Inc. 287 $44,660 79.10% Rural Bank of Dulag/Philippines 101 $12,992 75.73% Rural Bank of Kapatagan Valley, Inc. 686 $73,571 84.82% Rural Bank of Lebak, Inc. 217 $13,632 87.00% Rural Bank of Montevista, Inc. 2,704 $175,152 100.00% Rural Bank of Oroquieta, Inc. 307 $25,282 83.87% Rural Bank of Panabo 147 $21,035 63.96% Rural Bank of Santo Tomas, Inc. 505 $76,956 78.02% Rural Bank of Siam, Inc. 927 $124,155 82.00% Rural Bank of Tacurong 512 $50,030 81.99% Rural Bank of Talisayan, Inc. 878 $65,505 83.01% Rural Green Bank of Caraga, Inc. 3,023 $455,153 73.00% SAKLAW Foundation/Philippines 6,130 $128,812 100.00% Sarangani Rural Bank, Inc. 402 $24,196 93.97% Seviamus Foundation, Inc./Philippines 4,004 $162,461 99.00% Small Enterprise Development Project/Philippines 822 $37,948 100.00% Small Enterprise Kapital Assistance/Philippines 975 $40,849 100.00% Spes Pauperum Foundation, Inc./Philippines 2,656 $84,278 98.00% St. Elizabeth Community Development 3,337 $67,665 90.00% Tagum Rural Bank 527 $94,016 86.01% TSPI Development Corporation 32,691 $2,185,490 100.00% 

F-5
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

Tulong Kalinga, Inc./Philippines 830 $65,248 95.00% WOCCU/CUES/Philippines/Philippines 86,672 $20,294,053 68.00% 

Total Philippines 307,124 $37,468,567 

Sri Lanka Seylan Bank, Ltd./Sri Lanka 58 $85,869 7.00% 

Total Sri Lanka 58 $85,869 

Total ASIA 3,533,095 $1,024,006,845 

EE Albania PSHM Partneri Shqiptar ne Mikrokredi/Albania 1,609 $2,357,058 21.00% 

Total Albania 1,609 $2,357,058 

Armenia Save the Children/Armenia 5,895 $1,141,042 100.00% 

Total Armenia 5,895 $1,141,042 

Azerbaijan ACDI/VOCA/Azerbaijan 380 $1,055,165 1.50% 

Foundation for International Community Assistance/Azerbaijan 3,438 $268,198 73.00% Mercy Corps International/Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan 2,973 $424,652 24.00% 

Total Azerbaijan 6,791 $1,748,015 

Bosnia Mercy Corps/Bosnia 6,603 $5,234,582 53.55% 

WWB 2,104 $708,172 100.00% 

Total Bosnia 8,707 $5,942,754 

Bulgaria CRS Catholic Relief Services/Bulgaria 1,350 $439,660 48.90% 

NACHALA Cooperative/Bulgaria 1,365 $1,764,504 39.51% WOCCU/Bulgaria World Counsil of Credit Unions Inc./Bulgaria 3,998 $1,501,928 46.70% 

Total Bulgaria 6,713 $3,706,092 

Georgia ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency/Georgia 717 $151,595 86.00% 

Constanta Foundation/Georgia 13,202 $1,494,731 77.00% IOCC International Orthodox Christian Charities/Georgia 174 $209,300 12.00% UMCOR/Georgia United Methodist Committee on Relief/Georgia 86 $5,534 0.00% UOT Union of Trust/Georgia 2,279 $311,100 79.00% 

Total Georgia 16,458 $2,172,260 

Kazakhstan ACF Asian Credit Fund/Kazakhstan 405 $779,492 63.00% 

KCLF Kazakhstan Community Loan Fund/Kazakhstan 3,133 $789,867 82.00% 

Total Kazakhstan 3,538 $1,569,359 

Kosovo FINCA International/Kosovo 1,351 $1,558,856 13.00% 

Total Kosovo 1,351 $1,558,856 

Kyrgyzstan BTFF Bai Tushum Financial Foundation/Kyrgyzstan 700 $1,177,878 28.00% 

FINCA International/Kyrgyzstan 20,315 $3,273,782 88.00% KRT-WID Kyrrghyz Rural Trust 3,545 $93,578 99.00% 

Total Kyrgyzstan 24,560 $4,545,238 

F-6
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

Macedonia Moznosti Humanitarian Association Moznosti/Macedonia 2,740 $3,128,782 48.03% 

WOCCU/Macedonia 490 $257,395 22.00% 

Total Macedonia 3,230 $3,386,177 

Moldova FinCom Bank/Moldova 3 $26,791 33.00% 

Moldova Agorlnd/Moldova 111 $403,653 28.00% Victoria Bank/Moldova 6 $33,479 0.00% 

Total Moldova 120 $463,923 

Montenegro MCM Micro Credit Montenegro/Montenegro 4,231 $3,509,710 38.00% 

Total Montenegro 4,231 $3,509,710 

Poland Bank Spoldielczy W. Lomiankach/Poland 4 $14,297 0.00% 

BISE Bank S.A./Poland 4 $24,045 0.00% 

Total Poland 8 $38,342 

Romania CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation/Romania 354 $1,291,537 28.33% 

Commerical Bank 'Ion Tiriac' S.A./Romania 3 $22,273 0.00% 

HIRO Help Integra Romania/Enterprise Development 143 $71,799 97.00% OMRO Opportunity Microcredit Romania/Romania 810 $898,725 55.35% RAEF Romanian-American Enterprise Fund/Romania 549 $1,970,319 30.00% WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions Inc./Romania 61,466 $10,670,682 46.00% 

Total Romania 63,325 $14,925,335 

Russia BIN Bank/Russia 18 $50,144 11.00% 

CEF Counterpart Enterprise Fund /Russia 348 $683,000 66.54% FINCA Foundation for International Community Assistance/Russia 1,115 $1,176,475 89.00% FINCA/Tomsk/Russia 251 $78,825 91.00% SSEDF Sakhalin Small Enterprise Development Founda 33 $582,280 57.60% 

Total Russia 1,765 $2,570,724 

Tajikistan ACTED Agence pour la Cooperation Technique et le Develop/Tajikistan 278 $71,300 42.00% 

MDTM Micro-entrepreneur Development Support Center/Tajikistan 0 $0 0.00% 

Total Tajikistan 278 $71,300 

Ukraine Microfinance Bank - EBRD 1,618 $10,033,237 35.00% 

Total Ukraine 1,618 $10,033,237 

Uzbekistan O'z-MARD Uzbekistan Micro-entrepreneur Population Developme/Uzbekistan 0 $0 0.00% 

Total Uzbekistan 0 $0 

Total EE 150,197 $59,739,422 

LAC Bolivia BancoSol/Bolivia 53,812 $81,186,400 60.00% 

CRECER/Bolivia 30,989 $4,225,412 100.00% ProMujer/Bolivia 28,975 $5,115,174 94.00% WOCCU/Bolivia 14,043 $32,368,077 47.00% 

F-7
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

Total Bolivia 127,819 $122,895,063 

Colombia AGAPE 8,312 $530,845 90.00% 

Total Colombia 8,312 $530,845 

Ecuador Banco Solidario/Ecuador 26,948 $27,007,252 45.20% 

WOCCU/Ecuador/Ecuador 114,452 $112,357,153 42.00% 

Total Ecuador 141,400 $139,364,405 

El Salvador ACACSEMERSA DE R.L. Asociacion Cooperativa de Ahorro y Creditos de las/El Salvador 170 $131,909 40.00% 

ACACU de R.L. Asociacion Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito de La U/El Salvador 235 $215,937 56.00% ACCOVI DE R.L. Asociacion Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito Comunal/El Salvador 0 $0 0.00% AMC de R.L. Sociedad Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito, AMC de R/El Salvador 3,158 $1,943,665 52.68% ASEI Asociacion Salvadorena de Extensionistas Empresari/El Salvador 4,696 $468,251 81.36% BA Banco Agricola S.A./El Salvador 1,478 $951,460 73.08% Banco Cuscatlan/El Salvador 1 $5,714 0.00% BANSAL Banco Salvadoreno/El Salvador 1,329 $842,530 80.42% CAM Centro de Apoyo a la Microempresa/El Salvador 19,523 $3,966,200 83.00% ENLACE CRS/El Salvador 7,838 $997,155 90.00% Financiera CalpiÃ¡, S.A./El Salvador 38,019 $31,567,647 60.00% FJND Fundacion Jose Napoleon Duarte/El Salvador 2,299 $998,047 87.00% FUSAI Fundacion Salvadorena de Apoyo Integral /El Salvador 13,358 $6,336,566 69.00% 

Total El Salvador 92,104 $48,425,082 

Guatemala Banrural 16,158 $1,111,604 15.00% 

CCF/Guatemala Christian Children's Fund 1,307 $155,279 92.00% FAFIDESS FundaciÃ3n de Asesoria Financiera a Instituciones/Guatemala 5,275 $1,894,914 100.00% FINCA/Guatemala 2,115 $211,829 100.00% 

FUNDAP 5,658 $898,039 100.00% Genesis Empresarial/Guatemala 31,096 $13,744,015 59.53% 

MUDE/Villa Nueva 2,774 $304,600 97.20% Plan/Guatemala/Guatemala 2,414 $519,768 100.00% 

Project Hope/Guatemala 1,890 $118,119 100.00% 

Total Guatemala 68,687 $18,958,167 

Guyana IPED Institute of Private Enterprise Development/Guyana 3,963 $4,835,061 65.60% 

Total Guyana 3,963 $4,835,061 

Haiti FINCA/Haiti 2,501 $131,645 90.00% 

Total Haiti 2,501 $131,645 

Honduras ADEPES Asociacion para el Desarrollo Perspi 176 $76,000 60.00% 

ADICH Associacion para el Desarrollo Integr 2,130 $210,000 98.00% 

F-8
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

APRODESH Associacion Pro-Desarrollo Economi 45 $101,000 62.00% 

Bancomer/Honduras 443 $558,497 0.00% Camara de Comercio e Industrias de Choloma 176 $191,000 63.00% CDH Centro de Desarrollo Humano 324 $526,000 65.00% FAMA/Honduras Familia y Medio Ambiente/Honduras 5,639 $739,900 98.00% FHA Fundacion Horizontes de Amistad 558 $603,000 63.00% FINCA/Honduras 30,887 $7,670 95.00% FINSOL Financiera Solidaria. S.A. 11,688 $6,644,689 84.01% FJMC Fundacion Jose Maria Covelo/Honduras 26,774 $15,191,000 70.00% FUNDAHMICRO Fundacion Hondurena para el Apo 9,618 $1,588,000 97.00% Hermandad de Honduras 4,287 $2,663,000 73.00% IDH/Honduras Instituto para el Desarrollo Honduren 12,387 $2,192,000 71.00% INHDEI/Honduras Instituto Hondureno de Estudios y 1,063 $932,000 20.00% ODEF/Honduras 12,873 $7,575,000 76.00% OI Opportunity International/Honduras 6,480 $830,844 8.00% WOCCU Honduras/Honduras 66,062 $88,511,039 41.90% World Relief/Honduras/Honduras 24,049 $3,338,429 94.00% 

Total Honduras 215,659 $132,479,068 

Mexico ADMIC/Mexico 5,591 $1,575,811 83.00% 

AMEXTRA Mexican Assoc. of Rural and Urban Transfor 803 $348,594 70.00% Financiera Compartamos/Mexico 109,188 $29,641,323 97.86% 

Total Mexico 115,582 $31,565,728 

Nicaragua ASODENIC Asociacion para el Desarrollo Economico de Nicaragua/Nicaragua 24,000 $2,995,542 85.00% 

CONFIA S.A. Corporacion NicaragÃ1⁄4ense Financiera S.A./Nicaragua 30,102 $7,090,147 68.00% FAMA/Nicaragua 16,402 $6,948,907 72.00% FINCA/Nicaragua 24,888 $2,680,631 100.00% FUNDENUSE/Nicaragua 5,940 $1,609,631 63.30% ProMujer Nicaragua Pro Mujer Nicaragua Programas para la Mujer/Nicaragua 10,561 $629,385 95.00% WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions, Inc/Nicaragua 5,303 $3,217,760 55.70% 

Total Nicaragua 117,196 $25,172,003 

Peru A.B.PRISMA ASOCIACION BENEFICA PRISMA/Peru 35,864 $6,447,740 44.00% 

COPEME Consorcio de organizaciones privadas de promocion a la pequenha y micro em/Peru 87,187 $37,643,369 58.00% Credivision/Peru 1,858 $759,516 58.00% CRS/Perú Catholic Relief Srevices USCC - Programa Perú/Peru 10,067 $1,427,217 82.00% EDPYME EDYFICAR Entidad de Desarrollo de la Micro y Pequena Empre/Peru 20,975 $20,400,000 60.00% Project Hope/Peru 1,800 $113,040 100.00% ProMujer/Peru 9,985 $685,161 99.80% 

F-9
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION BORROWERS PORTFOLIO US$ PERCENT WOMEN POR

A

Total Peru 167,736 $67,476,043 

Trinidad Royal Bank/Trinidad 20 $93,732 30.00% 

Total Trinidad 20 $93,732 

Total LAC 1,060,979 $591,926,841 

NEAR EAST Egypt ABA Alexandria Business Assoc. 25,432 $9,618,293 29.80% 

ASBA Assiut Business Assoc. 15,525 $5,617,015 70.00% Aswan Business Association 489 $194,803 15.20% Banque du Caire 6,339 $2,998,796 23.50% DBAC Dakahleya Bus Assoc. for Investors Comm. Dev 9,693 $3,035,632 47.20% 

ESED Egyptian Sm Enter. Dev. Found.. 28,460 $8,631,396 48.70% FAYOUM Small Project Dev. Foundation 1,043 $310,998 22.20% SBACD Sharkia Bus Assoc. for Comm. Dev. 12,730 $3,252,305 49.60% 

SEDAP Small Enter. Dev Assoc. Port Said 3,223 $1,490,044 45.20% 

SOHAG / SEB 834 $364,416 24.60% 

Total Egypt 103,768 $35,513,698 

Jordan AMC Ahli Microfinancing Company/Jordan 1,035 $1,826,826 54.84% 

CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation/Jordan 5,114 $3,362,270 61.00% JMCC Jordan Micro Credit Company/Jordan 1,297 $1,167,616 34.40% Microfund for Women (formerly JWDS)/Jordan 6,504 $1,579,892 100.00% 

Total Jordan 13,950 $7,936,604 

Lebanon Al Majmoua The Lebanese Association for Development: Al Majmoua/Lebanon 5,769 $2,977,719 61.00% 

CHF/AMEEN Access to Microfinance and Enhance Enterprise Nich/Lebanon 2,802 $2,214,558 31.00% Makhzoumi Foundation/Lebanon 416 $163,415 86.00% 

Total Lebanon 8,987 $5,355,692 

Morocco Al Amana 64,393 $9,300,000 58.00% 

Total Morocco 64,393 $9,300,000 

West Bank /Gaza

CHF/PEOPLED Cooperative Housing Foundation - Palestinian Economic Opportunity Program/West Bank /Gaza 980 $4,232,965 10.00% Faten/West Bank /Gaza 161 $1,422,409 100.00% 

Total West Bank /Gaza 1,141 $5,655,374 

Total NEAR EAST 192,239 $63,761,368 

GRAND 

TOTAL 5,687,185 $1,881,458,028 

F-10
Microfinance Savings Data, Location of Clients and Sustainability, 2001

REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

AFRICA Africa Region Haben Haben/Africa Region $859 100 100.00% Planned

Africa Region VE Vision Eritrea/Africa Region $740 162 100.00% Operational

Benin

PADME BENIN Association 

pour la Promotion et l'Appui au 

DÃ©vel/Benin

$1,725,000 24,818 0.00% Operational

Benin VFB VITAL-FINANCE 

BENIN/Benin $328,538 10,480 1.00% Financial

Eritrea CARE International/Eritrea $1,560 228 100.00% Operational

Ethiopia Gasha Micro Financing, 

S.C./Ethiopia $150,913 7,374 6.80% Planned

Ethiopia Meklit Microfinance Institution, 

S.C./Ethiopia $134,435 2,187 19.00% Planned

Ethiopia Specialized Financial and 

Promotional Institution/Ethiopia $213,172 6,346 2.50% Planned

Ethiopia WV/Ethiopia $392,560 9,759 90.00% Planned

Ghana Ecobank/Ghana $0 0 0.00% Financial

Ghana Sinapi Aba Trust $0 0 62.00% Financial

Guinea Afr/Gn Africare/Guinea/Guinea $0 0 100.00% Planned

Guinea

OICI Opportunities 

Industrialization Centers 

International Guinea - 

Mamou/Guinea

$5,312 699 100.00% Planned

Guinea PRIDE/Finance/Guinea $0 0 59.47% Planned

Guinea VITA Volunteers In Technical 

Assistance/Guinea $22,459 2,960 100.00% Planned

Kenya AMFI The Association of 

Microfinance Institutions/Kenya $0 0 0.00% Planned

Kenya Barclays Bank of Kenya/Kenya $0 0 0.00% Financial

Kenya Cooperative Bank of Kenya 

Limited/Kenya $3,430,000 17,592 73.00% Operational

Kenya Faulu Kenya Limited/Kenya $2,346,719 18,696 63.00% Operational

Kenya K-Rep Bank Limited/Kenya $5,874,830 26,245 65.00% Financial

Kenya KWFT Kenya Women Finance 

Trust/Kenya $3,986,582 47,586 80.00% Operational

Kenya SAGA Thrift and Enterprise 

Promotion, Ltd./Kenya $28,244 2,594 100.00% Planned

Kenya SMEP Small and Micro 

Enterprise Programme/Kenya $1,596,554 13,991 65.00% Planned

Kenya WOCCU/Kenya/Kenya $4,379,049 120,582 80.80% Financial

Malawi FINCA/Malawi $1,132,947 20,364 80.00% Planned

Malawi

MUSCCO Malawi Union of 

Savings and Credit 

Cooperatives/Malawi

$605,953 15,025 100.00% Operational

Malawi Project Hope/Malawi $14,422 1,554 98.00% Planned

Mali AFR/Mali Africare/Mali $25,000 3,400 75.00% Planned

Mali CANEF $412,052 12,208 95.00% Planned

Mali CMEC SAN/Mali $53,937 5,629 100.00% Operational

Mali CRMD/Mali $846,312 9,313 100.00% Planned

Mali CVECA KITA/Mali $218,291 5,605 100.00% Planned

Mali CVECA ON/Mali $789,369 9,416 100.00% Financial

Mali CVECA PD/Mali $432,415 2,110 99.00% Planned

Mali JEMENI/Mali $1,727,370 12,467 3.75% Financial

ANNEX G

G-1
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

Mali Jigiyaso $182,578 7,099 35.00% Planned

Mali Kafo Jiginew $39,100 17,180 0.00% Planned

Mali Kondo Jigima/Mali $2,783,218 21,938 19.00% Planned

Mali Nyesigiso $230,800 17,549 0.00% Planned

Mali PASACOOP/Mali $210,692 3,500 100.00% Financial

Mali Paseca/Mali $261,530 1,178 100.00% Financial

Mali PIYELI (World Education 

PIEC) $386,851 10,750 38.63% Planned

Mali Save the Children/Mali - GGLS $24,833 6,809 100.00% Planned

Mozambique NovoBanco/Mozambique $79,536 691 0.00% Planned

Mozambique Tchuma/Mozambique $3,526 160 0.00% Planned

Mozambique World Relief/Mozambique FCC 

Fundo de Credito Comun $92,433 4,458 50.00% Planned

Nigeria LAPO $691,964 13,713 100.00% Planned

Rwanda World Relief/Rwanda 

URWEGO $61,797 6,994 67.00% Planned

Senegal

ACAPES-MECFAM Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Femmes du Mouvement 

social/Senegal

$16,862 351 0.00% Planned

Senegal

ACEP/Senegal Alliance de 

Credit et d'Epargne pour la 

Production/Senegal

$15,802 342 47.00% Planned

Senegal ASACASE $0 0 94.00% Planned

Senegal

CAPEC - JOOBASS Caisse 

Populaire d'Epargne et de 

Credit JOOBASS/Senegal

$9,527 432 100.00% Planned

Senegal CBAO/Senegal $0 0 0.00% Financial

Senegal CCF/Senegal Christian 

Children's Fund $171,860 2,394 25.00% Planned

Senegal

COFDEC Collectif des Femmes 

pour le Developpement de 

l'Epargne et du Credit/Senegal

$42,107 789 0.00% Operational

Senegal CRS Catholic Relief 

Services/Senegal $212,312 6,936 80.00% Planned

Senegal

FNGPF Federation Nationale 

des Groupements de Promotion 

Feminine/Senegal

$256,117 10,536 48.00% Financial

Senegal

GEC FEMUNI Groupement 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Femmes de la cite des Nations 

Unies/Senegal

$4,997 268 0.00% Financial

Senegal INTER CREC Caisses Rurales 

d'Epargne et de Credit/Senegal $191,284 2,542 100.00% Financial

Senegal

MEC FADEC Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit de la 

Federation des Associations de 

Developpment 

Communautaire/Senegal

$76,259 1,053 100.00% Financial

Senegal

MEC PROPEM Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit pour la 

Promotion de la Peche a 

Mbour/Senegal

$125,024 1,003 0.00% Financial

Senegal

MECARTH Mutuelle d'Epargne 

et de Credit des Artisans de la 

Region de Thies/Senegal

$73,551 600 0.00% Financial

Senegal Plan/Senegal $142,780 1,792 100.00% Planned

Senegal

RECEC Reseau des Caisses 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Femmes de Dakar/Senegal

$425,600 14,797 0.00% Planned

G-2
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

Senegal UFC Union des Femmes 

commercantes/Senegal $3,547 779 0.00% Planned

Senegal

UMEC Union des Mutuelles 

d'Epargne et de Credit de 

Sedhiou/Senegal

$300,815 6,869 83.00% Financial

Senegal

UNACOIS Union Nationale des 

CommerÃ§ants et Industriels du 

SÃ©nÃ©gal/Senegal

$2,055,908 10,906 0.00% Financial

South Africa

Calmeadow/SEF 

Calmeadow/Small Enterprise 

Foundation/South Africa

$220,000 12,460 85.00% Planned

South Africa FINCA/South Africa $55,824 2,921 50.00% Planned

Tanzania SEDA/Tanzania $244,498 11,328 10.00% Operational

Uganda Faulu Uganda Limited/Uganda $628,087 11,267 20.00% Planned

Uganda

FINCA Uganda Foundation for 

International Community 

Assistance/Uganda

$1,411,000 29,145 60.00% Financial

Uganda FTCU Feed The Children 

Uganda/Uganda $246,910 10,651 91.00% Planned

Uganda MED-Net Microenterprise 

Development Network/Uganda $416,679 8,337 68.00% Planned

Uganda

PRIDE UGANDA Promotion of 

Rural Initiatives and 

Development Enterprise 

(Uganda) Limited/Uganda

$2,866,570 40,469 30.00% Operational

Uganda UMU Uganda Microfinance 

Union/Uganda $561,000 18,546 66.00% Financial

Uganda WOCCU/Uganda/Uganda $2,274,270 9,346 70.60% Planned

Zambia FINCA/Zambia $7,380 723 15.00% Planned

Zimbabwe DAI/Zimbabwe $0 0 100.00% Planned

Zimbabwe SHDF Self Help Development 

Foundation/Zimbabwe $222,572 10,120 95.00% Planned

Zimbabwe Zambuko Trust $25,672 8,044 100.00% Planned

Total AFRICA $49,229,267 757,255

ASIA Bangladesh BAWPA Bangladesh Agri. 

Working Peoples Assoc $94,982 3,371 100.00% Planned

Bangladesh BAWSE Bang. Assoc. of Wom. 

for Self-Empower $65,181 3,119 0.00% Planned

Bangladesh CARE/Bangladesh $0 12,794 0.00% Planned

Bangladesh Desh Foundation/Bangladesh $44,185 2,640 0.00% Planned

Bangladesh DSK Dushtha Shasthya Kendra $354,808 12,422 49.00% Planned

Bangladesh Green Hill $4,173 492 100.00% Planned

Bangladesh Hitaishi/Bangladesh $26,603 1,469 100.00% Planned

Bangladesh HOPE Hatiya Optimist Peoples 

Energy $5,350 1,080 100.00% Planned

Bangladesh IDF Integrated Development 

Foundation $523,537 26,411 71.00% Planned

Bangladesh Mamata $339,340 12,992 100.00% Financial

Bangladesh MSS $9,503 1,340 32.00% Planned

Bangladesh OMI Organization for Mothers 

and Infants $23,170 1,797 0.00% Planned

Bangladesh Prime Bank/Bangladesh $0 0 0.00% Financial

Bangladesh WR/CSS Christian Service 

Society/Bangladesh $344,343 23,121 95.00% Planned

Cambodia Catholic Relief 

Services/Cambodia $319,156 27,419 100.00% Operational

Cambodia EMT Ennatien Moulethan 

Tchorebat/Cambodia $36,295 35 100.00% Financial

Cambodia TPT Concern/Thanakea Ponleu 

Thmey/Cambodia $90,185 14,900 100.00% Planned

Cambodia World Relief/Cambodia $104,764 7,973 80.00% Planned

G-3
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

India ASA Activists for Social 

Alternatives $263,732 27,699 100.00% Planned

India BES Balaji Educational Society $12,579 3,065 100.00% Planned

India CARD/India $14,695 1,390 100.00% Planned

India ESAF $16,521 3,740 100.00% Planned

India FWWB Friends of Women's 

World Banking, India/India $0 0 96.00% Financial

India IMSE $23,531 3,694 0.00% Planned

India SARS South Asia Research 

Society

$276,607 7,578 100.00% Planned

India TMT $14,457 819 0.00% Planned

India VSS $752 295 100.00% Planned

Indonesia Bank NISP/Indonesia $0 0 0.00% Financial

Indonesia BRI Bank Rakyat Indonesia, 

Micro Division $2,146,680,000 27,045,184 80.00% Financial

Indonesia DIMAN Dian Mandiri/Indonesia $8,824 3,057 12.00% Planned

Mongolia

Gobi Beginings Mercy 

Corps/Gobi Beginings 

(GB)/Mongolia

$0 0 100.00% Planned

Nepal Nirdhan Utthan Bank, 

Ltd /Nepal $708,975 35,268 100.00% Operational

Nepal NSSC Neighborhood Society 

Service Ctr. $8,275 738 100.00% Planned

Nepal Pact/Nepal/Nepal $1,659,862 122,406 100.00% Planned

Nepal SBP/CSD $740,503 37,614 100.00% Operational

Nepal TRWS $2,984 355 100.00% Planned

Philippines Ad Jesum 

Foundation/Philippines $37,198 2,446 100.00% Financial

Philippines ASHI Ahon Sa Hirap Inc. $590,396 9,044 80.00% Planned

Philippines Bangko Kabayan/Philippines $456,435 22,415 100.00% Planned

Philippines Bank of Florida/Philippines $235,216 5,448 100.00% Planned

Philippines Bank Victorias/Philippines $21,401 820 100.00% Planned

Philippines CARD/Philippines $3,314,060 49,784 100.00% Financial

Philippines Century Rural Bank/Philippines $126,098 7,316 100.00% Financial

Philippines Cooperative Bank of Misamis 

Oriental, Inc./Philippines $206,893 10,951 100.00% Financial

Philippines Cooperative Rural Bank of 

Bulacan/Philippines $712 500 100.00% Financial

Philippines Dioces of Legaspi/Philippines $0 0 100.00% Planned

Philippines Enterprise Bank/Philippines $148,647 10,804 100.00% Financial

Philippines FICO First Isabela Cooperative 

Bank/Philippines $125,512 5,039 100.00% Planned

Philippines First Macro Bank/Philippines $205,811 10,245 100.00% Planned

Philippines MDF Muntinlupa Development 

Foundation $22,560 1,868 100.00% Planned

Philippines Network Rural Bank, Inc. $504,745 23,098 100.00% Financial

Philippines PD Project Dungganon $544,301 47,037 100.00% Financial

Philippines People's Alternative Livelihood 

of Sorsogon, Inc./Philippines $57,389 3,956 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rang-Ay Bank/Philippines $210,338 4,334 100.00% Planned

Philippines Rural Bank of Bogo/Philippines $30,342 1,329 100.00% Planned

Philippines Rural Bank of Bukidnon, Inc. $193,467 10,773 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Cantilan, Inc. $366,070 26,579 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Digos, Inc. $98,164 4,860 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Dipolog, Inc. $173,943 6,844 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Dulag/Philippines $67,386 2,676 100.00% Planned

Philippines Rural Bank of Kapatagan 

Valley, Inc. $154,279 7,905 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Lebak, Inc. $77,120 4,126 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Montevista, Inc. $305,072 22,156 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Oroquieta, Inc. $75,203 3,007 100.00% Financial

G-4
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

Philippines Rural Bank of Panabo $247,249 11,737 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Santo Tomas, Inc. $151,414 7,832 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Siam, Inc. $256,061 16,246 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Tacurong $49,414 4,153 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Bank of Talisayan, Inc. $320,478 12,607 100.00% Financial

Philippines Rural Green Bank of Caraga, 

Inc. $1,540,409 97,852 100.00% Financial

Philippines SAKLAW 

Foundation/Philippines $33,511 2,551 100.00% Financial

Philippines Sarangani Rural Bank, Inc. $68,953 5,188 100.00% Financial

Philippines Seviamus Foundation, 

Inc./Philippines $94,519 4,306 100.00% Financial

Philippines Small Enterprise Development 

Project/Philippines $16,280 1,189 100.00% Financial

Philippines Small Enterprise Kapital 

Assistance/Philippines $16,700 1,201 100.00% Operational

Philippines Spes Pauperum Foundation, 

Inc./Philippines $21,337 2,656 100.00% Financial

Philippines

St. Elizabeth Community 

Development 

Program/Philippines

$27,055 1,390 100.00% Financial

Philippines Tagum Rural Bank $81,154 2,993 100.00% Financial

Philippines TSPI Development Corporation $1,331,260 36,945 0.00% Planned

Philippines Tulong Kalinga, Inc./Philippines $1,003 500 100.00% Operational

Philippines WOCCU/CUES/Philippines/Phil

ippines $15,758,701 171,561 65.40% Financial

Sri Lanka Seylan Bank, Ltd./Sri Lanka $0 0 0.00% Financial

Total ASIA $2,181,182,129 28,132,544

EE Albania PSHM Partneri Shqiptar ne 

Mikrokredi/Albania $0 0 25.00% Planned

Armenia Save the Children/Armenia $23,781 2,458 0.00% Operational

Azerbaijan ACDI/VOCA/Azerbaijan $0 0 95.00% Planned

Azerbaijan

Foundation for International 

Community 

Assistance/Azerbaijan

$66,694 3,438 20.00% Planned

Azerbaijan

Mercy Corps 

International/Azerbaijan/Azerba

ijan

$0 0 100.00% Planned

Bosnia Mercy Corps/Bosnia $0 0 0.00% Financial

Bosnia WWB $0 1,533 0.00% Planned

Bulgaria CRS Catholic Relief 

Services/Bulgaria $83,249 1,396 5.00% Planned

Bulgaria NACHALA 

Cooperative/Bulgaria $0 0 68.00% Planned

Bulgaria

WOCCU/Bulgaria World 

Counsil of Credit Unions 

Inc./Bulgaria

$1,812,605 11,067 0.60% Financial

Georgia ADRA Adventist Development 

and Relief Agency/Georgia $0 0 99.00% Planned

Georgia Constanta Foundation/Georgia $0 0 2.50% Financial

Georgia IOCC International Orthodox 

Christian Charities/Georgia $0 0 100.00% Planned

Georgia

UMCOR/Georgia United 

Methodist Committee on 

Relief/Georgia

$0 0 100.00% Planned

Georgia UOT Union of Trust/Georgia $0 0 9.00% Operational

Kazakhstan ACF Asian Credit 

Fund/Kazakhstan $0 0 13.00% Operational

Kazakhstan KCLF Kazakhstan Community 

Loan Fund/Kazakhstan $0 0 20.00% Operational

Kosovo FINCA International/Kosovo $135,946 1,021 45.00% Planned

G-5
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

Kyrgyzstan BTFF Bai Tushum Financial 

Foundation/Kyrgyzstan $0 0 80.00% Financial

Kyrgyzstan FINCA 

International/Kyrgyzstan $193,015 19,246 50.00% Financial

Kyrgyzstan KRT-WID Kyrrghyz Rural 

Trust $18,317 3,982 100.00% Planned

Macedonia Moznosti Humanitarian 

Association Moznosti/Macedonia $1,174 30 12.00% Financial

Macedonia WOCCU/Macedonia $155,545 1,273 65.00% Financial

Moldova FinCom Bank/Moldova $0 0 0.00% Financial

Moldova Moldova Agorlnd/Moldova $0 0 0.00% Financial

Moldova Victoria Bank/Moldova $0 0 0.00% Financial

Montenegro MCM Micro Credit 

Montenegro/Montenegro $0 0 14.70% Operational

Poland Bank Spoldielczy W. 

Lomiankach/Poland $0 0 0.00% Financial

Poland BISE Bank S.A./Poland $0 0 0.00% Financial

Romania CHF Cooperative Housing 

Foundation/Romania $0 0 21.18% Planned

Romania Commerical Bank 'Ion Tiriac' 

S.A./Romania $0 0 0.00% Financial

Romania

HIRO Help Integra 

Romania/Enterprise 

Development

$0 0 18.00% Planned

Romania OMRO Opportunity 

Microcredit Romania/Romania $0 0 28.00% Financial

Romania RAEF Romanian-American 

Enterprise Fund/Romania $0 0 10.20% Operational

Romania WOCCU World Council of 

Credit Unions Inc./Romania $5,181,554 105,015 0.00% Operational

Russia BIN Bank/Russia $0 0 0.00% Financial

Russia CEF Counterpart Enterprise 

Fund /Russia $0 0 0.00% Operational

Russia

FINCA Foundation for 

International Community 

Assistance/Russia

$0 0 45.00% Planned

Russia FINCA/Tomsk/Russia $6,767 251 1.00% Planned

Russia SSEDF Sakhalin Small 

Enterprise Development Founda $0 0 0.50% Planned

Tajikistan

ACTED Agence pour la 

Cooperation Technique et le 

Develop/Tajikistan

$0 0 100.00% Planned

Tajikistan

MDTM Micro-entrepreneur 

Development Support 

Center/Tajikistan

$0 0 0.00% Planned

Ukraine Microfinance Bank - EBRD $1,720,608 90 10.00% Operational

Uzbekistan

O'z-MARD Uzbekistan Microentrepreneur Population 

Developme/Uzbekistan

$0 0 0.00% Planned

Total EE $9,399,255 150,800

LAC Bolivia BancoSol/Bolivia $62,833,274 0 0.00% Financial

Bolivia CRECER/Bolivia $1,279,531 31,010 70.00% Financial

Bolivia ProMujer/Bolivia $2,366,096 35,808 5.00% Operational

Bolivia WOCCU/Bolivia $32,682,018 69,955 40.00% Financial

Colombia AGAPE $257,428 7,569 0.00% Planned

Ecuador Banco Solidario/Ecuador $76,578,990 0 0.02% Financial

Ecuador WOCCU/Ecuador/Ecuador $75,988,230 914,485 40.00% Financial

G-6
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

El Salvador

ACACSEMERSA DE R.L. 

Asociacion Cooperativa de 

Ahorro y Creditos de las/El 

Salvador

$0 0 100.00% Operational

El Salvador

ACACU de R.L. Asociacion 

Cooperativa de Ahorro y 

Credito de La U/El Salvador

$109,191 14,099 100.00% Financial

El Salvador

ACCOVI DE R.L. Asociacion 

Cooperativa de Ahorro y 

Credito Comunal/El Salvador

$0 0 0.00% Planned

El Salvador

AMC de R.L. Sociedad 

Cooperativa de Ahorro y 

Credito, AMC de R/El Salvador

$0 0 100.00% Planned

El Salvador

ASEI Asociacion Salvadorena de 

Extensionistas Empresari/El 

Salvador

$0 0 61.86% Financial

El Salvador BA Banco Agricola S.A./El 

Salvador $0 0 94.05% Financial

El Salvador Banco Cuscatlan/El Salvador $0 0 0.00% Financial

El Salvador BANSAL Banco Salvadoreno/El 

Salvador $0 0 43.53% Financial

El Salvador CAM Centro de Apoyo a la 

Microempresa/El Salvador $0 0 79.41% Financial

El Salvador ENLACE CRS/El Salvador $572,217 7,838 45.00% Planned

El Salvador Financiera CalpiÃ¡, S.A./El 

Salvador $14,839,527 20,403 31.00% Financial

El Salvador FJND Fundacion Jose Napoleon 

Duarte/El Salvador $0 0 31.42% Planned

El Salvador FUSAI Fundacion Salvadorena 

de Apoyo Integral /El Salvador $0 0 56.94% Operational

Guatemala Banrural $0 0 99.00% Planned

Guatemala CCF/Guatemala Christian 

Children's Fund $0 1,307 85.00% Planned

Guatemala

FAFIDESS FundaciÃ3n de 

Asesoria Financiera a 

Instituciones/Guatemala

$0 0 90.00% Financial

Guatemala FINCA/Guatemala $75,376 1,733 20.00% Planned

Guatemala FUNDAP $274,969 5,658 100.00% Planned

Guatemala Genesis Empresarial/Guatemala $0 0 0.00% Operational

Guatemala MUDE/Villa Nueva $0 0 0.00% Planned

Guatemala Plan/Guatemala/Guatemala $79,369 2,414 0.00% Planned

Guatemala Project Hope/Guatemala $81,129 1,890 50.00% Planned

Guyana IPED Institute of Private 

Enterprise Development/Guyana $3,647 872 77.50% Financial

Haiti FINCA/Haiti $83,331 2,501 68.00% Planned

Honduras ADEPES Asociacion para el 

Desarrollo Perspi $9,000 0 100.00% Financial

Honduras ADICH Associacion para el 

Desarrollo Integr $6,100 154 68.00% Financial

Honduras APRODESH Associacion ProDesarrollo Economi $8,900 0 68.00% Planned

Honduras Bancomer/Honduras $0 0 0.00% Financial

Honduras Camara de Comercio e 

Industrias de Choloma $66,000 0 68.00% Financial

Honduras CDH Centro de Desarrollo 

Humano $67,000 0 10.00% Financial

Honduras FAMA/Honduras Familia y 

Medio Ambiente/Honduras $0 0 86.90% Operational

Honduras FHA Fundacion Horizontes de 

Amistad $55,000 0 5.00% Financial

Honduras FINCA/Honduras $565,000 13,328 68.00% Planned

G-7
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

Honduras FINSOL Financiera Solidaria. 

S.A. $1,740,121 0 0.00% Financial

Honduras FJMC Fundacion Jose Maria 

Covelo/Honduras $564,000 9,063 0.00% Financial

Honduras FUNDAHMICRO Fundacion 

Hondurena para el Apo $35,700 3,351 60.00% Financial

Honduras Hermandad de Honduras $49,000 2,028 33.00% Operational

Honduras IDH/Honduras Instituto para el 

Desarrollo Honduren $1,300,000 5,700 38.00% Planned

Honduras INHDEI/Honduras Instituto 

Hondureno de Estudios y $6,000 0 85.00% Operational

Honduras ODEF/Honduras $117,000 6,139 68.00% Operational

Honduras OI Opportunity 

International/Honduras $0 88 86.00% Planned

Honduras WOCCU Honduras/Honduras $34,430,016 194,034 50.00% Financial

Honduras World 

Relief/Honduras/Honduras $1,450,700 19,096 72.00% Planned

Mexico ADMIC/Mexico $0 0 0.00% Financial

Mexico AMEXTRA Mexican Assoc. of 

Rural and Urban Transfor $108,262 1,530 0.00% Planned

Mexico Financiera 

Compartamos/Mexico $0 0 0.00% Financial

Nicaragua

ASODENIC Asociacion para el 

Desarrollo Economico de 

Nicaragua/Nicaragua

$388,831 16,198 0.00% Operational

Nicaragua

CONFIA S.A. Corporacion 

NicaragÃ1⁄4ense Financiera 

S.A./Nicaragua

$15,226,000 3,850 0.00% Operational

Nicaragua FAMA/Nicaragua $0 0 3.00% Financial

Nicaragua FINCA/Nicaragua $706,083 24,888 100.00% Financial

Nicaragua FUNDENUSE/Nicaragua $0 0 0.00% Planned

Nicaragua

ProMujer Nicaragua Pro Mujer 

Nicaragua Programas para la 

Mujer/Nicaragua

$333,000 15,197 60.00% Planned

Nicaragua WOCCU World Council of 

Credit Unions, Inc/Nicaragua $1,613,188 15,337 76.90% Operational

Peru A.B.PRISMA ASOCIACION 

BENEFICA PRISMA/Peru $0 35,864 80.00% Operational

Peru

COPEME Consorcio de 

organizaciones privadas de 

promocion a la pequenha y 

micro em/Peru

$4,200,000 20,000 40.00% Financial

Peru Credivision/Peru $0 0 10.00% Planned

Peru

CRS/Perú Catholic Relief 

Srevices USCC - Programa 

Perú/Peru

$132,957 736 25.47% Planned

Peru

EDPYME EDYFICAR Entidad 

de Desarrollo de la Micro y 

Pequena Empre/Peru

$0 0 18.00% Financial

Peru Project Hope/Peru $14,845 1,800 8.00% Planned

Peru ProMujer/Peru $349,121 10,321 5.00% Planned

Trinidad Royal Bank/Trinidad $0 0 0.00% Financial

Total LAC $331,646,146 1,516,244

NEAR 

EAST Egypt ABA Alexandria Business Assoc. $0 0 43.00% Financial

Egypt ASBA Assiut Business Assoc. $0 0 86.00% Operational

Egypt Aswan Business Association $0 0 90.00% Planned

Egypt Banque du Caire $0 0 47.50% Planned

Egypt DBAC Dakahleya Bus Assoc. for 

Investors Comm. Dev $0 0 72.00% Financial

G-8
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION SAVINGS US$ SAVERS % 

RURAL

SUSTAINABILITY 

LEVEL

Egypt ESED Egyptian Sm Enter. Dev. 

Found.. $0 0 0.00% Financial

Egypt FAYOUM Small Project Dev. 

Foundation $0 0 50.00% Operational

Egypt SBACD Sharkia Bus Assoc. for 

Comm. Dev. $0 0 61.00% Operational

Egypt SEDAP Small Enter. Dev Assoc. 

Port Said $0 0 0.00% Financial

Egypt SOHAG / SEB $0 0 50.00% Financial

Jordan AMC Ahli Microfinancing 

Company/Jordan $0 0 0.00% Financial

Jordan CHF Cooperative Housing 

Foundation/Jordan $0 0 100.00% Planned

Jordan JMCC Jordan Micro Credit 

Company/Jordan $0 0 0.00% Financial

Jordan Microfund for Women (formerly

JWDS)/Jordan $0 0 5.00% Operational

Lebanon

Al Majmoua The Lebanese 

Association for Development: Al 

Majmoua/Lebanon

$0 0 13.00% Planned

Lebanon

CHF/AMEEN Access to 

Microfinance and Enhance 

Enterprise Nich/Lebanon

$0 0 30.00% Planned

Lebanon Makhzoumi 

Foundation/Lebanon $0 0 0.00% Planned

Morocco Al Amana $0 0 0.60% Operational

West Bank /Gaza

CHF/PEOPLED Palestinian 

Economic Opportunity 

Program/West Bank /Gaza

$0 0 0.00% Operational

West Bank /Gaza Faten/West Bank /Gaza $70,227 2,701 100.00% Planned

Total NEAR EAST $70,227 2,701

GRAND 

TOTAL $2,571,527,024 30,559,544

G-9
Poverty Lending Ratings by Location of Institution, 2001

REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

AFRICA Africa Region Haben Haben/Africa Region $0 $0 

Africa Region VE Vision Eritrea/Africa 

Region $696 $696 100.00%

Benin

PADME BENIN Association 

pour la Promotion et l'Appui 

au DÃ©vel/Benin

$6,200,000 $0 0.00%

Benin VFB VITAL-FINANCE 

BENIN/Benin $2,411,107 $1,318,720 54.69%

Eritrea CARE International/Eritrea $696 $696 100.00%

Ethiopia Gasha Micro Financing, 

S.C./Ethiopia $350,570 $350,570 100.00%

Ethiopia Meklit Microfinance 

Institution, S.C./Ethiopia $220,500 $220,500 100.00%

Ethiopia

Specialized Financial and 

Promotional 

Institution/Ethiopia

$422,783 $422,783 100.00%

Ethiopia WV/Ethiopia $1,039,717 $935,000 89.93%

Ghana Ecobank/Ghana $47,075 $0 0.00%

Ghana Sinapi Aba Trust $1,665,071 $1,086,792 65.27%

Guinea Afr/Gn 

Africare/Guinea/Guinea $18,000 $0 0.00%

Guinea

OICI Opportunities 

Industrialization Centers 

International Guinea - 

Mamou/Guinea

$23,111 $23,111 100.00%

Guinea PRIDE/Finance/Guinea $1,339,400 $757,307 56.54%

Guinea VITA Volunteers In Technical 

Assistance/Guinea $81,162 $47,210 58.17%

Kenya

AMFI The Association of 

Microfinance 

Institutions/Kenya

$0 $0 

Kenya Barclays Bank of 

Kenya/Kenya $54,093 $0 0.00%

Kenya Cooperative Bank of Kenya 

Limited/Kenya $1,221,750 $183,262 15.00%

Kenya Faulu Kenya Limited/Kenya $4,210,544 $3,663,173 87.00%

Kenya K-Rep Bank Limited/Kenya $9,233,224 $6,463,256 70.00%

Kenya KWFT Kenya Women 

Finance Trust/Kenya $6,047,957 $4,233,570 70.00%

Kenya SAGA Thrift and Enterprise 

Promotion, Ltd./Kenya $14,936 $14,936 100.00%

Kenya SMEP Small and Micro 

Enterprise Programme/Kenya $2,467,678 $29,225,502 1184.33%

Kenya WOCCU/Kenya/Kenya $59,043,934 $26,569,770 45.00%

Malawi FINCA/Malawi $1,151,000 $1,000,000 86.88%

Malawi

MUSCCO Malawi Union of 

Savings and Credit 

Cooperatives/Malawi

$568,920 $400,000 70.31%

Malawi Project Hope/Malawi $55,222 $55,222 100.00%

ANNEX H

H-1
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Mali AFR/Mali Africare/Mali $257,000 $250,000 97.28%

Mali CANEF $555,619 $329,642 59.33%

Mali CMEC SAN/Mali $51,143 $49,688 97.16%

Mali CRMD/Mali $2,865,672 $2,579,105 90.00%

Mali CVECA KITA/Mali $510,633 $458,096 89.71%

Mali CVECA ON/Mali $2,037,747 $1,188,074 58.30%

Mali CVECA PD/Mali $332,425 $249,319 75.00%

Mali JEMENI/Mali $1,483,706 $222,556 15.00%

Mali Jigiyaso $263,708 $47,314 17.94%

Mali Kafo Jiginew $688,163 $688,163 100.00%

Mali Kondo Jigima/Mali $2,131,131 $0 0.00%

Mali Nyesigiso $952,680 $952,680 100.00%

Mali PASACOOP/Mali $357,097 $337,787 94.59%

Mali Paseca/Mali $172,765 $0 0.00%

Mali PIYELI (World Education 

PIEC) $806,048 $255,133 31.65%

Mali Save the Children/Mali - 

GGLS $199,779 $199,779 100.00%

Mozambique NovoBanco/Mozambique $577,773 $0 0.00%

Mozambique Tchuma/Mozambique $499,189 $439,718 88.09%

Mozambique

World Relief/Mozambique

FCC Fundo de Credito 

Comun

$239,175 $238,175 99.58%

Nigeria LAPO $2,006,826 $38,503 1.92%

Rwanda World Relief/Rwanda 

URWEGO $267,829 $262,472 98.00%

Senegal

ACAPES-MECFAM Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Femmes du Mouvement 

social/Senegal

$15,271 $9,854 64.53%

Senegal

ACEP/Senegal Alliance de 

Credit et d'Epargne pour la 

Production/Senegal

$171,016 $59,856 35.00%

Senegal ASACASE $176,579 $0 0.00%

Senegal

CAPEC - JOOBASS Caisse 

Populaire d'Epargne et de 

Credit JOOBASS/Senegal

$1,425 $1,354 95.02%

Senegal CBAO/Senegal $19,942 $0 0.00%

Senegal CCF/Senegal Christian 

Children's Fund $200,882 $200,882 100.00%

Senegal

COFDEC Collectif des 

Femmes pour le 

Developpement de l'Epargne 

et du Credit/Senegal

$163,890 $90,140 55.00%

Senegal CRS Catholic Relief 

Services/Senegal $331,559 $331,559 100.00%

Senegal

FNGPF Federation Nationale 

des Groupements de 

Promotion Feminine/Senegal

$478,968 $359,226 75.00%

Senegal

GEC FEMUNI Groupement 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Femmes de la cite des Nations 

Unies/Senegal

$6,044 $0 0.00%

Senegal

INTER CREC Caisses 

Rurales d'Epargne et de 

Credit/Senegal

$108,354 $54,177 50.00%

H-2
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Senegal

MEC FADEC Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit de la 

Federation des Associations 

de Developpment 

Communautaire/Senegal

$70,270 $28,108 40.00%

Senegal

MEC PROPEM Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit pour 

la Promotion de la Peche a 

Mbour/Senegal

$76,807 $0 0.00%

Senegal

MECARTH Mutuelle 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Artisans de la Region de 

Thies/Senegal

$88,643 $44,322 50.00%

Senegal Plan/Senegal $68,865 $20,914 30.37%

Senegal

RECEC Reseau des Caisses 

d'Epargne et de Credit des 

Femmes de Dakar/Senegal

$308,118 $231,089 75.00%

Senegal UFC Union des Femmes 

commercantes/Senegal $12,945 $12,945 100.00%

Senegal

UMEC Union des Mutuelles 

d'Epargne et de Credit de 

Sedhiou/Senegal

$369,880 $184,940 50.00%

Senegal

UNACOIS Union Nationale 

des CommerÃ§ants et 

Industriels du 

SÃ©nÃ©gal/Senegal

$1,195,669 $248,858 20.81%

South Africa

Calmeadow/SEF 

Calmeadow/Small Enterprise 

Foundation/South Africa

$7,567,199 $3,277,200 43.31%

South Africa FINCA/South Africa $604,070 $154,206 25.53%

Tanzania SEDA/Tanzania $1,222,489 $1,100,000 89.98%

Uganda Faulu Uganda 

Limited/Uganda $1,172,162 $1,022,711 87.25%

Uganda

FINCA Uganda Foundation 

for International Community 

Assistance/Uganda

$1,628,000 $1,628,000 100.00%

Uganda FTCU Feed The Children 

Uganda/Uganda $460,952 $341,105 74.00%

Uganda

MED-Net Microenterprise 

Development 

Network/Uganda

$1,007,479 $695,160 69.00%

Uganda

PRIDE UGANDA Promotion 

of Rural Initiatives and 

Development Enterprise 

(Uganda) Limited/Uganda

$4,854,448 $3,640,836 75.00%

Uganda UMU Uganda Microfinance 

Union/Uganda $1,683,000 $1,050 0.06%

Uganda WOCCU/Uganda/Uganda $2,167,185 $1,047,825 48.35%

Zambia FINCA/Zambia $33,994 $30,000 88.25%

Zimbabwe DAI/Zimbabwe $0 $0 

Zimbabwe SHDF Self Help Development 

Foundation/Zimbabwe $481,679 $448,946 93.20%

Zimbabwe Zambuko Trust $130,515 $129,848 99.49%

Total AFRICA $142,023,552 $101,153,389 

ASIA Bangladesh BAWPA Bangladesh Agri. 

Working Peoples Assoc $141,722 $141,722 100.00%

H-3
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Bangladesh BAWSE Bang. Assoc. of 

Wom. for Self-Empower $99,395 $99,395 100.00%

Bangladesh CARE/Bangladesh $411,335 $411,335 100.00%

Bangladesh Desh Foundation/Bangladesh $105,896 $105,896 100.00%

Bangladesh DSK Dushtha Shasthya 

Kendra $630,694 $569,623 90.32%

Bangladesh Green Hill $8,350 $8,350 100.00%

Bangladesh Hitaishi/Bangladesh $53,262 $53,262 100.00%

Bangladesh HOPE Hatiya Optimist 

Peoples Energy $18,486 $18,486 100.00%

Bangladesh IDF Integrated Development 

Foundation $1,460,515 $447,596 30.65%

Bangladesh Mamata $458,629 $27,402 5.97%

Bangladesh MSS $59,272 $59,272 100.00%

Bangladesh OMI Organization for 

Mothers and Infants $82,029 $82,029 100.00%

Bangladesh Prime Bank/Bangladesh $46,306 $0 0.00%

Bangladesh WR/CSS Christian Service 

Society/Bangladesh $1,076,371 $1,076,371 100.00%

Cambodia Catholic Relief 

Services/Cambodia $887,873 $887,873 100.00%

Cambodia EMT Ennatien Moulethan 

Tchorebat/Cambodia $2,975,316 $2,968,137 99.76%

Cambodia TPT Concern/Thanakea 

Ponleu Thmey/Cambodia $653,869 $653,869 100.00%

Cambodia World Relief/Cambodia $712,494 $387,825 54.43%

India ASA Activists for Social 

Alternatives $1,142,456 $833,993 73.00%

India BES Balaji Educational 

Society

$12,245 $0 0.00%

India CARD/India $13,743 $13,743 100.00%

India ESAF $96,941 $96,941 100.00%

India FWWB Friends of Women's 

World Banking, India/India $3,606,755 $2,061,702 57.16%

India IMSE $51,680 $51,680 100.00%

India SARS South Asia Research 

Society

$724,144 $724,144 100.00%

India TMT $11,786 $0 0.00%

India VSS $5,190 $0 0.00%

Indonesia Bank NISP/Indonesia $7,117 $0 0.00%

Indonesia BRI Bank Rakyat Indonesia, 

Micro Division $963,790,000 $260,223,300 27.00%

Indonesia DIMAN Dian 

Mandiri/Indonesia $70,051 $70,051 100.00%

Mongolia

Gobi Beginings Mercy 

Corps/Gobi Beginings 

(GB)/Mongolia

$443,300 $0 0.00%

Nepal Nirdhan Utthan Bank, 

Ltd./Nepal $2,342,205 $2,342,205 100.00%

Nepal NSSC Neighborhood Society 

Service Ctr. $48,406 $0 0.00%

Nepal Pact/Nepal/Nepal $1,818,878 $1,818,878 100.00%

Nepal SBP/CSD $2,370,340 $2,370,340 100.00%

Nepal TRWS $15,358 $15,358 100.00%

Philippines Ad Jesum 

Foundation/Philippines $144,681 $144,681 100.00%

Philippines ASHI Ahon Sa Hirap Inc. $559,649 $532,069 95.07%

Philippines Bangko Kabayan/Philippines $41,424 $7,235 17.47%

H-4
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Philippines Bank of Florida/Philippines $6,287 $6,049 96.21%

Philippines Bank Victorias/Philippines $12,821 $12,821 100.00%

Philippines CARD/Philippines $7,732,924 $7,277,555 94.11%

Philippines Century Rural 

Bank/Philippines $21,424 $16,075 75.03%

Philippines Cooperative Bank of Misamis 

Oriental, Inc./Philippines $86,358 $43,586 50.47%

Philippines Cooperative Rural Bank of 

Bulacan/Philippines $60,000 $60,000 100.00%

Philippines Dioces of Legaspi/Philippines $0 $0 

Philippines Enterprise Bank/Philippines $509,640 $127,756 25.07%

Philippines FICO First Isabela 

Cooperative Bank/Philippines $37,105 $11,945 32.19%

Philippines First Macro Bank/Philippines $15,927 $9,272 58.22%

Philippines MDF Muntinlupa 

Development Foundation $58,698 $58,698 100.00%

Philippines Network Rural Bank, Inc. $73,673 $46,188 62.69%

Philippines PD Project Dungganon $3,103,532 $2,916,007 93.96%

Philippines

People's Alternative 

Livelihood of Sorsogon, 

Inc./Philippines

$249,459 $249,459 100.00%

Philippines Rang-Ay Bank/Philippines $2,171 $2,171 100.00%

Philippines Rural Bank of 

Bogo/Philippines $4,022 $3,877 96.39%

Philippines Rural Bank of Bukidnon, Inc. $149,430 $114,808 76.83%

Philippines Rural Bank of Cantilan, Inc. $213,742 $200,428 93.77%

Philippines Rural Bank of Digos, Inc. $62,462 $49,485 79.22%

Philippines Rural Bank of Dipolog, Inc. $44,660 $28,481 63.77%

Philippines Rural Bank of 

Dulag/Philippines $12,992 $8,979 69.11%

Philippines Rural Bank of Kapatagan 

Valley, Inc. $73,571 $56,152 76.32%

Philippines Rural Bank of Lebak, Inc. $13,632 $13,632 100.00%

Philippines Rural Bank of Montevista, 

Inc. $175,152 $175,152 100.00%

Philippines Rural Bank of Oroquieta, Inc. $25,282 $361 1.43%

Philippines Rural Bank of Panabo $21,035 $11,037 52.47%

Philippines Rural Bank of Santo Tomas, 

Inc. $76,956 $35,041 45.53%

Philippines Rural Bank of Siam, Inc. $124,155 $119,350 96.13%

Philippines Rural Bank of Tacurong $50,030 $44,874 89.69%

Philippines Rural Bank of Talisayan, Inc. $65,505 $53,569 81.78%

Philippines Rural Green Bank of Caraga, 

Inc. $455,153 $250,334 55.00%

Philippines SAKLAW 

Foundation/Philippines $128,812 $128,812 100.00%

Philippines Sarangani Rural Bank, Inc. $24,196 $20,830 86.09%

Philippines Seviamus Foundation, 

Inc./Philippines $162,461 $162,461 100.00%

H-5
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Philippines

Small Enterprise 

Development 

Project/Philippines

$37,948 $37,948 100.00%

Philippines Small Enterprise Kapital 

Assistance/Philippines $40,849 $40,849 100.00%

Philippines Spes Pauperum Foundation, 

Inc./Philippines $84,278 $84,278 100.00%

Philippines

St. Elizabeth Community 

Development 

Program/Philippines

$67,665 $67,665 100.00%

Philippines Tagum Rural Bank $94,016 $52,884 56.25%

Philippines TSPI Development 

Corporation $2,185,490 $2,185,490 100.00%

Philippines Tulong Kalinga, 

Inc./Philippines $65,248 $65,248 100.00%

Philippines WOCCU/CUES/Philippines/P

hilippines $20,294,053 $12,070,665 59.48%

Sri Lanka Seylan Bank, Ltd./Sri Lanka $85,869 $1,247 1.45%

Total ASIA $1,024,006,845 $306,226,281 

EE Albania PSHM Partneri Shqiptar ne 

Mikrokredi/Albania $2,357,058 $529,550 22.47%

Armenia Save the Children/Armenia $1,141,042 $1,141,042 100.00%

Azerbaijan ACDI/VOCA/Azerbaijan $1,055,165 $61,513 5.83%

Azerbaijan

Foundation for International 

Community 

Assistance/Azerbaijan

$268,198 $268,198 100.00%

Azerbaijan

Mercy Corps 

International/Azerbaijan/Azer

baijan

$424,652 $418,152 98.47%

Bosnia Mercy Corps/Bosnia $5,234,582 $2,385,409 45.57%

Bosnia WWB $708,172 $0 0.00%

Bulgaria CRS Catholic Relief 

Services/Bulgaria $439,660 $343,290 78.08%

Bulgaria NACHALA 

Cooperative/Bulgaria $1,764,504 $603,000 34.17%

Bulgaria

WOCCU/Bulgaria World 

Counsil of Credit Unions 

Inc./Bulgaria

$1,501,928 $1,135,426 75.60%

Georgia ADRA Adventist Development 

and Relief Agency/Georgia $151,595 $151,595 100.00%

Georgia Constanta 

Foundation/Georgia $1,494,731 $1,374,329 91.94%

Georgia IOCC International Orthodox 

Christian Charities/Georgia $209,300 $87,150 41.64%

Georgia

UMCOR/Georgia United 

Methodist Committee on 

Relief/Georgia

$5,534 $55 1.00%

Georgia UOT Union of Trust/Georgia $311,100 $311,100 100.00%

Kazakhstan ACF Asian Credit 

Fund/Kazakhstan $779,492 $4,933 0.63%

Kazakhstan

KCLF Kazakhstan 

Community Loan 

Fund/Kazakhstan

$789,867 $750,000 94.95%

Kosovo FINCA International/Kosovo $1,558,856 $205,633 13.19%

H-6
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Kyrgyzstan BTFF Bai Tushum Financial 

Foundation/Kyrgyzstan $1,177,878 $204,950 17.40%

Kyrgyzstan FINCA 

International/Kyrgyzstan $3,273,782 $3,273,782 100.00%

Kyrgyzstan KRT-WID Kyrrghyz Rural 

Trust $93,578 $76,368 81.61%

Macedonia

Moznosti Humanitarian 

Association 

Moznosti/Macedonia

$3,128,782 $928,468 29.68%

Macedonia WOCCU/Macedonia $257,395 $138,096 53.65%

Moldova FinCom Bank/Moldova $26,791 $0 0.00%

Moldova Moldova Agorlnd/Moldova $403,653 $16,465 4.08%

Moldova Victoria Bank/Moldova $33,479 $0 0.00%

Montenegro MCM Micro Credit 

Montenegro/Montenegro $3,509,710 $2,123,600 60.51%

Poland Bank Spoldielczy W. 

Lomiankach/Poland $14,297 $0 0.00%

Poland BISE Bank S.A./Poland $24,045 $0 0.00%

Romania CHF Cooperative Housing 

Foundation/Romania $1,291,537 $232,019 17.96%

Romania Commerical Bank 'Ion Tiriac' 

S.A./Romania $22,273 $0 0.00%

Romania

HIRO Help Integra 

Romania/Enterprise 

Development

$71,799 $56,670 78.93%

Romania

OMRO Opportunity 

Microcredit 

Romania/Romania

$898,725 $34,299 3.82%

Romania RAEF Romanian-American 

Enterprise Fund/Romania $1,970,319 $0 0.00%

Romania WOCCU World Council of 

Credit Unions Inc./Romania $10,670,682 $10,433,540 97.78%

Russia BIN Bank/Russia $50,144 $0 0.00%

Russia CEF Counterpart Enterprise 

Fund /Russia $683,000 $450,000 65.89%

Russia

FINCA Foundation for 

International Community 

Assistance/Russia

$1,176,475 $260,709 22.16%

Russia FINCA/Tomsk/Russia $78,825 $78,825 100.00%

Russia

SSEDF Sakhalin Small 

Enterprise Development 

Founda

$582,280 $0 0.00%

Tajikistan

ACTED Agence pour la 

Cooperation Technique et le 

Develop/Tajikistan

$71,300 $71,300 100.00%

Tajikistan

MDTM Micro-entrepreneur 

Development Support 

Center/Tajikistan

$0 $0 

Ukraine Microfinance Bank - EBRD $10,033,237 $146,420 1.46%

Uzbekistan

O'z-MARD Uzbekistan Microentrepreneur Population 

Developme/Uzbekistan

$0 $0 

Total EE $59,739,422 $28,295,887 

LAC Bolivia BancoSol/Bolivia $81,186,400 $474,210 0.58%

Bolivia CRECER/Bolivia $4,225,412 $4,225,412 100.00%

H-7
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Bolivia ProMujer/Bolivia $5,115,174 $25,558 0.50%

Bolivia WOCCU/Bolivia $32,368,077 $1,236,133 3.82%

Colombia AGAPE $530,845 $483,393 91.06%

Ecuador Banco Solidario/Ecuador $27,007,252 $10,394,314 38.49%

Ecuador WOCCU/Ecuador/Ecuador $112,357,153 $8,341,500 7.42%

El Salvador

ACACSEMERSA DE R.L. 

Asociacion Cooperativa de 

Ahorro y Creditos de las/El 

Salvador

$131,909 $25,095 19.02%

El Salvador

ACACU de R.L. Asociacion 

Cooperativa de Ahorro y 

Credito de La U/El Salvador

$215,937 $8,097 3.75%

El Salvador

ACCOVI DE R.L. Asociacion 

Cooperativa de Ahorro y 

Credito Comunal/El Salvador

$0 $0 

El Salvador

AMC de R.L. Sociedad 

Cooperativa de Ahorro y 

Credito, AMC de R/El 

Salvador

$1,943,665 $91,071 4.69%

El Salvador

ASEI Asociacion Salvadorena 

de Extensionistas 

Empresari/El Salvador

$468,251 $178,011 38.02%

El Salvador BA Banco Agricola S.A./El 

Salvador $951,460 $81,740 8.59%

El Salvador Banco Cuscatlan/El Salvador $5,714 $0 0.00%

El Salvador BANSAL Banco 

Salvadoreno/El Salvador $842,530 $111,175 13.20%

El Salvador CAM Centro de Apoyo a la 

Microempresa/El Salvador $3,966,200 $2,657,400 67.00%

El Salvador ENLACE CRS/El Salvador $997,155 $997,155 100.00%

El Salvador Financiera CalpiÃ¡, S.A./El 

Salvador $31,567,647 $2,757,160 8.73%

El Salvador FJND Fundacion Jose 

Napoleon Duarte/El Salvador $998,047 $200,245 20.06%

El Salvador

FUSAI Fundacion 

Salvadorena de Apoyo 

Integral /El Salvador

$6,336,566 $836,469 13.20%

Guatemala Banrural $1,111,604 $1,111,604 100.00%

Guatemala CCF/Guatemala Christian 

Children's Fund $155,279 $155,279 100.00%

Guatemala

FAFIDESS FundaciÃ3n de 

Asesoria Financiera a 

Instituciones/Guatemala

$1,894,914 $1,703,183 89.88%

Guatemala FINCA/Guatemala $211,829 $196,000 92.53%

Guatemala FUNDAP $898,039 $898,039 100.00%

Guatemala Genesis 

Empresarial/Guatemala $13,744,015 $700,000 5.09%

Guatemala MUDE/Villa Nueva $304,600 $304,600 100.00%

Guatemala Plan/Guatemala/Guatemala $519,768 $0 0.00%

Guatemala Project Hope/Guatemala $118,119 $118,119 100.00%

Guyana

IPED Institute of Private 

Enterprise 

Development/Guyana

$4,835,061 $493,000 10.20%

Haiti FINCA/Haiti $131,645 $66,000 50.13%

Honduras ADEPES Asociacion para el 

Desarrollo Perspi $76,000 $76,000 100.00%

H-8
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Honduras ADICH Associacion para el 

Desarrollo Integr $210,000 $63,200 30.10%

Honduras APRODESH Associacion ProDesarrollo Economi $101,000 $20,300 20.10%

Honduras Bancomer/Honduras $558,497 $3,577 0.64%

Honduras Camara de Comercio e 

Industrias de Choloma $191,000 $38,000 19.90%

Honduras CDH Centro de Desarrollo 

Humano $526,000 $105,200 20.00%

Honduras FAMA/Honduras Familia y 

Medio Ambiente/Honduras $739,900 $730,000 98.66%

Honduras FHA Fundacion Horizontes de 

Amistad $603,000 $90,000 14.93%

Honduras FINCA/Honduras $7,670 $1,150 14.99%

Honduras FINSOL Financiera Solidaria. 

S.A. $6,644,689 $637,128 9.59%

Honduras FJMC Fundacion Jose Maria 

Covelo/Honduras $15,191,000 $1,219,000 8.02%

Honduras FUNDAHMICRO Fundacion 

Hondurena para el Apo $1,588,000 $238,000 14.99%

Honduras Hermandad de Honduras $2,663,000 $6,543 0.25%

Honduras IDH/Honduras Instituto para 

el Desarrollo Honduren $2,192,000 $723,000 32.98%

Honduras INHDEI/Honduras Instituto 

Hondureno de Estudios y

$932,000 $1,496 0.16%

Honduras ODEF/Honduras $7,575,000 $15,806 0.21%

Honduras OI Opportunity 

International/Honduras $830,844 $373,476 44.95%

Honduras WOCCU Honduras/Honduras $88,511,039 $3,819,308 4.32%

Honduras World 

Relief/Honduras/Honduras $3,338,429 $1,936,700 58.01%

Mexico ADMIC/Mexico $1,575,811 $637,128 40.43%

Mexico AMEXTRA Mexican Assoc. of

Rural and Urban Transfor $348,594 $113,293 32.50%

Mexico Financiera 

Compartamos/Mexico $29,641,323 $27,167,269 91.65%

Nicaragua

ASODENIC Asociacion para 

el Desarrollo Economico de 

Nicaragua/Nicaragua

$2,995,542 $2,209,587 73.76%

Nicaragua

CONFIA S.A. Corporacion 

NicaragÃ1⁄4ense Financiera 

S.A./Nicaragua

$7,090,147 $0 0.00%

Nicaragua FAMA/Nicaragua $6,948,907 $1,197,982 17.24%

Nicaragua FINCA/Nicaragua $2,680,631 $2,539,800 94.75%

Nicaragua FUNDENUSE/Nicaragua $1,609,631 $0 0.00%

Nicaragua

ProMujer Nicaragua Pro 

Mujer Nicaragua Programas 

para la Mujer/Nicaragua

$629,385 $629,385 100.00%

Nicaragua WOCCU World Council of 

Credit Unions, Inc/Nicaragua $3,217,760 $281,232 8.74%

Peru A.B.PRISMA ASOCIACION 

BENEFICA PRISMA/Peru $6,447,740 $6,447,740 100.00%

Peru

COPEME Consorcio de 

organizaciones privadas de 

promocion a la pequenha y 

micro em/Peru

$37,643,369 $9,900,000 26.30%

H-9
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION PORTFOLIO US$ PL AMOUNT US$ PL RATING

Peru Credivision/Peru $759,516 $238,792 31.44%

Peru

CRS/Perú Catholic Relief 

Srevices USCC - Programa 

Perú/Peru

$1,427,217 $1,427,217 100.00%

Peru

EDPYME EDYFICAR 

Entidad de Desarrollo de la 

Micro y Pequena Empre/Peru

$20,400,000 $1,450,000 7.11%

Peru Project Hope/Peru $113,040 $113,040 100.00%

Peru ProMujer/Peru $685,161 $685,161 100.00%

Trinidad Royal Bank/Trinidad $93,732 $0 0.00%

Total LAC $591,926,841 $104,005,472 

NEAR 

EAST Egypt ABA Alexandria Business 

Assoc. $9,618,293 $1,047,222 10.89%

Egypt ASBA Assiut Business Assoc. $5,617,015 $392,926 7.00%

Egypt Aswan Business Association $194,803 $19,270 9.89%

Egypt Banque du Caire $2,998,796 $52,843 1.76%

Egypt DBAC Dakahleya Bus Assoc. 

for Investors Comm. Dev $3,035,632 $377,776 12.44%

Egypt ESED Egyptian Sm Enter. 

Dev. Found.. $8,631,396 $351,466 4.07%

Egypt FAYOUM Small Project Dev. 

Foundation $310,998 $71,301 22.93%

Egypt SBACD Sharkia Bus Assoc. 

for Comm. Dev. $3,252,305 $521,639 16.04%

Egypt SEDAP Small Enter. Dev 

Assoc. Port Said $1,490,044 $80,955 5.43%

Egypt SOHAG / SEB $364,416 $0 0.00%

Jordan AMC Ahli Microfinancing 

Company/Jordan $1,826,826 $0 0.00%

Jordan CHF Cooperative Housing 

Foundation/Jordan $3,362,270 $0 0.00%

Jordan JMCC Jordan Micro Credit 

Company/Jordan $1,167,616 $0 0.00%

Jordan Microfund for Women 

(formerly JWDS)/Jordan $1,579,892 $630,000 39.88%

Lebanon

Al Majmoua The Lebanese 

Association for Development: 

Al Majmoua/Lebanon

$2,977,719 $415,300 13.95%

Lebanon

CHF/AMEEN Access to 

Microfinance and Enhance 

Enterprise Nich/Lebanon

$2,214,558 $2,018 0.09%

Lebanon Makhzoumi 

Foundation/Lebanon $163,415 $4,334 2.65%

Morocco Al Amana $9,300,000 $6,700,000 72.04%

West Bank 

/Gaza

CHF/PEOPLED Palestinian 

Economic Opportunity 

Program/West Bank /Gaza

$4,232,965 $0 0.00%

West Bank 

/Gaza Faten/West Bank /Gaza $1,422,409 $1,422,409 100.00%

Total NEAR EAST $63,761,368 $12,089,459 

GRAND TOTAL $1,881,458,028 $551,770,489 

H-10
BDS Providers in USAID Survey, 2001

REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

AFRICA Benin Enterprise Works/Benin 13,539 46.00% 38.00% 32.00% 

Eritrea National Council of Negro Women, Inc./Eritrea 100 50.00% 90.00% 80.00% Eritrea REU Rural Enterprise Unit/Eritrea 235 20.00% 50.00% 0.00% 

Ethiopia FHI Food for the Hungry Inter./Ethiopia 29,204 0.00% 0.00% 60.00% 

Ghana EWW/Ghana EWW Enterprise Works WorldWide/Ghana 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Ghana TechnoServe/Ghana 4,851 65.00% 70.00% 40.00% Guinea ADRA/GUINEA Adventist Development And Relief Organization/Guinea 1,234 84.00% 81.00% 40.00% 

Guinea Afr/Gn Africare/Guinea/Guinea 3,000 70.00% 100.00% 62.00% Guinea VITA Volunteers In Technical Assistance/Guinea 1,119 26.00% 76.00% 76.00% 

Kenya Land O'Lakes, Inc./Kenya/Kenya 899 20.00% 90.00% 57.00% 

Malawi Land O'Lakes, Inc./Malawi 5,000 30.00% 90.00% 20.00% Mozambique ACDI/VOCA Mozambique/Mozambique 360 38.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Mozambique Aid to Artisans/Mozambique 449 37.00% 100.00% 0.00% 

Mozambique CLUSA Cooperative League of the United States of America/Mozambique 25,999 22.30% 100.00% 95.00% 

Mozambique TechnoServe Mozambique/Mozambique 20 5.00% 100.00% 0.00% 

Senegal Africare/Senegal 203 86.00% 99.00% 48.00% 

Senegal EWW EnterpriseWorks Worldwide/Senegal 196 55.00% 0.00% 75.00% South Africa Enterprise, Management and Innovation 709 41.00% 7.00% 0.00% 

Tanzania Africare/Ugalla Community Conservation Project/Tanzania 1,622 39.00% 100.00% 18.70% 

Tanzania Aid to Artisans/AMKA/Tanzania 565 55.00% 70.00% 0.00% Uganda Land OLakes/Uganda 1,822 40.00% 92.00% 15.00% 

Zambia Land O'Lakes, Inc./Zambia 20 30.00% 80.00% 30.00% 

AN

I-1
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

Zambia Zambia Chamber of Small and Medium Business Associ 1,208 38.00% 97.00% 75.00% 

Zambia ZAMTIE Zambia Trade and Investment Enhancement 400 35.00% 90.00% 85.00% 

Zambia ZATAC Zambia Agribusiness Technical Assistance Cen 1,500 31.00% 90.00% 90.00% 

Total AFRICA 94,254

ASIA Bangladesh BT BURO Tangail/Bangladesh 3,000 100.00% 99.00% 37.00% 

Bangladesh CDS Centre for Development Services/Bangladesh 500 82.00% 75.00% 30.00% 

Bangladesh ICLARM- The World Fish Center/Bangladesh 6,608 45.00% 100.00% 60.00% 

Bangladesh IRIS/JOBS University of Mar

yland/Bangladesh 10,687 94.00% 97.00% 30.00% 

Bangladesh SF Shakti Foundation/Bangladesh 300 100.00% 0.00% 40.00% 

Bangladesh SSS Society for Social Service/Bangladesh 1,500 100.00% 100.00% 40.00% Bangladesh WV World Vision/Bangladesh 92 65.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Bangladesh YPSA Young Power in Social Action/Bangladesh 300 78.00% 100.00% 40.00% 

Indonesia

ASEMHAKI The Indonesian Association for Small and Medium Enterprises Consultant/Indonesia

560 50.00% 70.00% 10.00% 

Indonesia

CARE-UNBAR SAMBA Silk And Microenterprises Development in Bandung Ra

yA/Indonesia

200 60.00% 45.00% 60.00% 

Ne

pal Pact/Ne

pal/Ne

pal 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Total ASIA 23,747

EE Albania Land O'Lakes, Inc./Albania 8,000 95.00% 100.00% 50.00% 

Azerbaijan CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation/Azerbaijan 686 42.00% 100.00% 45.00% 

Azerbaijan Land O'Lakes, Inc./Azerbaijan 604 55.00% 40.00% 25.00% 

I-2
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

Azerbaijan Mercy Corps International/Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan 21,107 52.00% 100.00% 80.00% 

Macedonia Land O'Lakes, Inc./Macedonia 182 0.00% 85.00% 5.00% Montenegro Land O' Lakes, Inc./ Montenegro/Montenegro 5,000 50.00% 95.00% 80.00% 

Romania ATA Romania Arta Traditie Artizanat Romania/Romania 285 80.00% 83.00% 15.00% Romania CARA Arad Casa de Ajutor Reciproc a Asociatiilor Arad/Romania 26 46.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Romania

CARA Caras-Severin Casa de Ajutor Reciproc a Asociatiilor CarasSever/Romania 43 41.86% 0.00% 0.00% 

Romania CARA Mehedinti Casa de Ajutor Reciproc a Asociatiilor Mehedinti/Romania 41 82.92% 0.00% 0.00% 

Romania CARA/CHF/Romania Casa de Ajutor Reci

proc a Asociat 417 56.35% 0.00% 0.00% 

Romania CARMA Deva Casa de Ajutor Reciproc a Membrilor Asociati Deva/Romania 24 58.33% 0.00% 0.00% 

Romania HIRO Help Integra Romania/Enterprise Develo

pment 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Russia AMM Academy of Management and the Market/Russia 13,963 59.00% 12.00% 0.00% Russia Universit

y of Alaska Anchorage/Russia 100 20.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Tajikistan CARE Tajikistan/Tajikistan 3,185 55.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Total EE 53,663

LAC Bolivia MEDA/Bolivia 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Colombia Womens World Banking/Colombia 999 99.00% 0.00% 55.00% 

Guatemala AGEXPRONT/Guatemala 5,000 30.00% 100.00% 85.00% 

Guatemala AGIL Abt Associates, Inc./Guatemala 9,569 53.00% 75.00% 95.00% Guatemala CECI 289 49.00% 87.00% 0.00% Guatemala CHF Cooperative Housing Foundation/Guatemala 100 0.00% 100.00% 80.00% Haiti Aid to Artisans/Haiti 1,200 44.58% 80.00% 90.00% Honduras Chemonics/Honduras 572 48.70% 51.00% 98.00% 

I-3
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

Jamaica JNBS Jamaica National Building Societ

y/Jamaica 7,408 73.00% 35.00% 0.00% 

Jamaica KRC Kingston Restoration Company Limited/Jamaica 0 90.00% 0.00% 25.00% 

Nicaragua ProMujer Nicaragua Pro Mujer Nicaragua Programas para la Mujer/Nicaragua 79 100.00% 65.00% 100.00% 

Peru ADEX/Peru 2,500 40.00% 25.00% 30.00% Peru Chemonics/Peru 159 46.00% 27.00% 0.00% Peru CIRNMA Centro de Investigation/Peru 200 75.00% 25.00% 25.00% 

Peru El Taller/Peru 370 45.00% 0.00% 35.00% Peru Minka/Peru 420 10.00% 0.00% 20.00% Peru PIRKA/Peru 550 55.00% 0.00% 35.00% Peru Swiss Contact/Peru 1,725 73.00% 0.00% 38.00% 

Total LAC 31,140

NEAR EAST Morocco Al Amana 480 56.00% 0.00% 60.00% 

West Bank /Gaza Land O'Lakes,Inc./West Bank /Gaza 3,000 32.00% 95.00% 70.00% 

Total NEAR EAST 3,480

GRAND TOTAL 206,284

I-4
BDS Facilitators in USAID Survey, 2001

REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

AFRICA Eritrea REU Rural Enterprise Unit/Eritrea 235 20.00% 50.00% 0.00% 

Ethiopia ACDI/VOCA/Ethiopia 169,000 13.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Kenya

ApproTEC Appropriate Technologies for Enterprise Creation/Kenya

2,597 49.00% 95.00% 10.00% 

Kenya TechnoServe/Kenya 3,165 90.00% 80.00% 100.00% 

Malawi ACDI/VOCA/Malawi 96,181 37.00% 100.00% 20.00% Mali AFE/Mali 2,630 50.00% 30.00% 60.00% 

Mozambique ACDI/VOCA Mozambique/Mozambique 0 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 

Mozambique Africare/Mozambique 187 9.00% 15.00% 63.10% 

Mozambique CARE/Mozambique 29,183 29.00% 100.00% 95.00% 

Mozambique

CLUSA Cooperative League of the United States of America/Mozambique

5,534 20.00% 100.00% 95.00% 

Mozambique FHI/Mozambique 35,450 54.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Mozambique Save the Children/Mozambique 18 19.00% 100.00% 100.00% Mozambique World Vision/Mozambique 12,442 35.00% 100.00% 95.00% Senegal DynaEntreprises/ Chemonics/Senegal 1,606 41.00% 75.00% 0.00% 

South Africa WEI World Education NTINGA/South Africa 6,000 51.00% 51.00% 76.00% South Africa WOCCU/South Africa 13,000 25.00% 25.00% 0.00% Tanzania Africare/Ugalla Community Conservation Project/Tanzania 0 0.00% 0.00% 18.70% 

Zambia Land O'Lakes, Inc./Zambia 200 50.00% 70.00% 60.00% 

Zambia Zambia Chamber of Small and Medium Business Associ 52 38.00% 88.00% 75.00% Zambia ZAMTIE Zambia Trade and Investment Enhancement 400 35.00% 90.00% 0.00% 

J-1
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

Zimbabwe DAI/Zimbabwe 0 0.00% 0.00% 80.00% 

Total AFRICA 377,880

ASIA Bangladesh ICLARM- The World Fish Center/Bangladesh 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Bangladesh IRIS/JOBS University of Mar

yland/Bangladesh 0 0.00% 0.00% 30.00% 

Bangladesh WV World Vision/Banglades

h

India IDE/ India 2,113 11.00% 100.00% 26.10% 

Indonesia

ASEMHAKI The Indonesian Association for Small and Medium Enterprises Consultant/Indonesia

0 0.00% 0.00% 10.00% 

Indonesia

CARE-UNBAR SAMBA Silk And Microenterprises Development in Bandung Ra

yA/Indonesia

30 55.00% 50.00% 60.00% 

Indonesia

SAMBA Silk and Microenterprises Development in Bandung Ra

ya/Indonesia

2,000 60.00% 75.00% 30.00% 

Indonesia The Asia Foundation/Indonesia 200 28.00% 35.00% 0.00% 

Ne

pal Pact/Ne

pal/Ne

pal 122,406 100.00% 90.00% 45.00% 

Total ASIA 126,749

EE Montenegro Land O' Lakes, Inc./ Montenegro/Montenegro 5,000 50.00% 95.00% 80.00% 

Romania

HIRO Help Integra Romania/Enterprise Develo

pment

0 70.00% 0.00% 0.00% 

Russia JAR Junior Achievement Russia/Russia 5,920 88.00% 25.00% 70.00% 

Tajikistan Eurasia Foundation/Tajikista

n 100 50.00% 25.00% 100.00% 

Turkmenistan Pragma Cor

poration/Turkmenista

n 1,535 61.00% 22.00% 0.00% 

Uzbekistan Eurasia Foundation - Tashkent Regional Office/Uzbekistan 400 50.00% 30.00% 0.00% 

J-2
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION CLIENTS % WOMEN % RURAL % POOR 

Total EE 12,955

LAC Bolivia CRS/Bolivia 417 22.00% 100.00% 100.00% 

Bolivia MEDA/Bolivia 3,000 40.00% 99.99% 85.00% Colombia Fundacion Mario Santo Domingo 21,430 70.00% 5.00% 50.00% 

Colombia Womens World Banking/Colombia 0 0.00% 0.00% 55.00% 

Guatemala AGEXPRONT/Guatemala 0 0.00% 0.00% 85.00% Haiti Aid to Artisans/Haiti 200 45.00% 30.00% 90.00% Honduras Chemonics/Honduras 2,000 40.00% 50.00% 70.00% 

Nicaragua WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions, Inc/Nicaragua 15,713 49.00% 80.00% 50.00% 

Peru ADEX/Peru 0 0.00% 0.00% 30.00% Peru Swiss Contact/Peru 5,830 57.00% 0.00% 42.00% 

Total LAC 48,590

NEAR EAST West Bank /Gaza

ISAMI Initiative for Sustainable and Accessible Microfin/West Bank /Gaza

10,000 33.00% 80.00% 67.00% 

West Bank /Gaza Land O'Lakes,Inc./West Bank /Gaza 3,000 11.00% 95.00% 70.00% 

Total NEAR EAST 13,000

WORLDWIDE Worldwide CARANA Corporation/Worldwide 50,000 60.00% 50.00% 80.00% 

Total WORLDWIDE 50,000

GRAND TOTAL 629,174

J-3
A

Policy Research by USAID-Supported Institutions, 2001

REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION INSTITUTION TYPE POLICY I

AFRICA Kenya KIPPRA Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis/Kenya Research/Educational Capacity building

Deregulation

Trade Policy

Mozambique ACDI/VOCA Mozambique/Mozambique PVO Cooperative business regulatioSenegal Arbitration Center Chamber of Commerce Judicial process more adapted 

Senegal Private Sector SO/Senegal USAID Adaptation of the judicial pro

Zimbabwe DAI/Zimbabwe Consulting Firm

ASIA Indonesia IRIS Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector/Indonesia Research/Educational Identify barriers to SME activ

Microenterprise Law

Working with regional univer

Strengthen the capacity of loc

Working cooperatively with Mlocal NGOs

Indonesia PEG Partnership for Economic Growth Project/Indonesia Consulting Firm Regulation and Promotion of 

Microenterprises

Indonesia The Asia Foundation/Indonesia PVO Halal Certification and Halal 

Microfinance LawAmendment to Article No. 51

Indonesia Trickle Up Program/Indonesia NGO Poverty Alleviation

Nepal Pact/Nepal/Nepal PVO MFI Intermediary Act

Uniform strategy to link villag

Philippines

IMCC/CPIP International Management and Communication Corporation/Credit Policy Impr/Philippines

Consulting Firm Appropriate Regulatory Fram

Providing the appropriate reg

K-1
REGION COUNTRY INSTITUTION INSTITUTION TYPE POLICY I

EE Kazakhstan NBRK National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan Consulting Firm Microlending Organizations L

Kyrgyzstan Barents Group of KPMG Consulting/Kyrgyzstan Consulting Firm Bank Supervision/Bank Regul

Romania WOCCU World Council of Credit Unions Inc./Romania Credit Union Institutional Capitalization

Delinquency Control

Uzbekistan WOCCU/Uzbekistan Credit Union Create supervisory framework 

LAC Ecuador

SALTO/DAI Strengthen Access to Microfinance and Liberalization Task Order/Ecuador

Consulting Firm Second-Tier Institutions

Financial Regulation

Credit Information Bureaus

Haiti DAI-FINNET Haiti Consulting Firm Legal and Regulatory Framew

NEAR EAST Jordan Chemonics/AMIR/Jordan Consulting Firm Entity Change of the Microfin

Product Line Leasing

Movable Assets LawSubsidized LendingSales Tax Exemption

Credit Bureau

K-2