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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA 

CASE NO.:

GARFIELD SPENCE

Plaintiff,

vs. INJUNCTIVE RELIEF SOUGHT

FORTYFOUR RE INC.

Defendant.

/

 COMPLAINT

Plaintiff, GARFIELD SPENCE (“Plaintiff”), by and through the undersigned counsel, 

hereby files this Complaint and sues FORTYFOUR RE INC. (referred to as “Defendant”) as a 

for profit business entity, for declaratory and injunctive relief, attorneys’ fees, expenses and 

costs (including, but not limited to, court costs and expert fees) pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12182 

et. seq., and the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) and alleges as follows:

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

1. This Court is vested with original jurisdiction over this action pursuant to

28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 343 for Plaintiff’s claims arising under Title 42 U.S.C. § 12182 et. seq., based on 

Defendant’s violations of Title III of the ADA. See also, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201, 2202, as well as the 2010 

ADA Standards.

2. Venue is proper in this Court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(B) and Internal 

Operating Procedures for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida in 

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that all events giving rise to the lawsuit occurred in Broward County, Florida.

PARTIES

3. Plaintiff, GARFIELD SPENCE is sui juris and is a resident of the State of 

Florida.

4. Upon information and belief, Defendant is the lessee, operator, owner and/or

lessor of the Real Property, which is subject to this suit, and is located at 8007 W Sample Rd, 

Coral Springs, FL 33065 (“Premises”), and is the owner of the improvements where Premises 

is located.

5. Defendant is authorized to conduct, and is in fact conducting, business within the 

state of Florida.

6. Plaintiff is an individual with numerous disabilities and is a double amputee 

which results in absolutely no use of the legs and requires him to use and remain in a wheelchair. 

The above listed disability and symptoms cause sudden onsets of severe pain and substantially 

limit Plaintiff’s major life activities. At the time of Plaintiff’s visit to the Premises in July of 2022

(and prior to instituting this action), Plaintiff suffered from a “qualified disability” under the 

ADA, and required the use of fully accessible parking spaces and fully accessible paths of travel 

throughout the facility. Plaintiff personally visited the Premises, but was denied full and equal

access and full and equal enjoyment of the facilities and amenities within the Premises, even 

though he would be classified as a “bona fide patron”.

7. Plaintiff, in his individual capacity, will absolutely return to the Premises and 

avail himself of the services offered when Defendant modifies the Premises or modifies the 

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policies and practices to accommodate individuals who have physical disabilities.

8. Plaintiff is continuously aware of the violations at Defendant's Premises and is 

aware that it would be a futile gesture to return to the Premises as long as those violations exist, 

and Plaintiff is not willing to suffer additional discrimination.

9. Plaintiff has suffered, and will continue to suffer, direct and indirect injury as a 

result of Defendant's discrimination until Defendant is compelled to comply with the 

requirements of the ADA.

10. Plaintiff would like to be able to be a patron of the Premises in the future and be 

able to enjoy the goods and services that are available to the able-bodied public, but is currently 

precluded from doing so as a result of Defendant's discriminatory conduct as described herein. 

Plaintiff will continue to be precluded from using the Premises until corrective measures are 

taken at the Premises to eliminate the discrimination against persons with physical disabilities.

11. Completely independent of the personal desire to have access to this place of 

public accommodation free of illegal barriers to access, Plaintiff also acts as a “tester” for the 

purpose of discovering, encountering and engaging discrimination against the disabled in public 

accommodations. When acting as a “tester”, Plaintiff employs a routine practice. Plaintiff

personally visits the public accommodation; engages all of the barriers to access, or at least of 

those that Plaintiff is able to access; tests all of those barriers to access to determine whether and 

the extent to which they are illegal barriers to access; proceeds with legal action to enjoin

such discrimination; and subsequently returns to Premises to verify its compliance or noncompliance with the ADA and to otherwise use the public accommodation as members of the 

able-bodied community are able to do. Independent of other subsequent visits, Plaintiff also 

intends to visit the Premises regularly to verify its compliance or non-compliance with the ADA, 

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and its maintenance of the accessible features of Premises. In this instance, Plaintiff, in 

Plaintiff’s individual capacity and as a “tester”, visited Premises, encountered barriers to access 

at Premises, and engaged and tested those barriers, suffered legal harm and legal injury, and will 

continue to suffer such harm and injury as a result of the illegal barriers to access and the ADA 

violations set forth herein. It is Plaintiff’s belief that said violations will not be corrected without 

Court intervention, and thus Plaintiff will suffer legal harm and injury in the near future.

12. Plaintiff, in his capacity as a tester, will absolutely return to the Premises when 

Defendant modifies the Premises or modifies the policies and practices to accommodate 

individuals who have physical disabilities to confirm said modifications have been completed 

in accordance with the requirements of the ADA.

VIOLATIONS OF THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT

13. Plaintiff adopts and re-alleges the allegations stated in paragraphs 1 through 12 

above as if fully stated herein.

14. On July 26, 1990, Congress enacted the Americans With Disabilities Act 

(“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et. seq. Commercial enterprises were provided one and a half (1.5) 

years from enactment of the statute to implement its requirements. The effective date of Title III 

of the ADA was January 26, 1992, or January 26, 1993 if Defendant(s) have ten (10) or fewer 

employees and gross receipts of $500,000.00 or less. See 42 U.S.C. § 12182; 28 C.F.R. § 

36.508(a).

15. Congress found, among other things, that:

a. some 43,000,000 Americans have one or more physical or mental disabilities, 

and this number shall increase as the population continues to grow older;

b. historically, society has tended to isolate and segregate individuals with 

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disabilities and, despite some improvements, such forms of discrimination 

against disabled individuals continue to be a pervasive social problem, requiring 

serious attention;

c. discrimination against disabled individuals persists in such critical areas as 

employment, housing, public accommodations, transportation, communication, 

recreation, institutionalization, health services, voting and access to public 

services and public facilities;

d. individuals with disabilities continually suffer forms of discrimination, including 

outright intentional exclusion, the discriminatory effects of architectural, 

transportation, and communication barriers, failure to make modifications to 

existing facilities and practices. Exclusionary qualification standards and criteria, 

segregation, and regulation to lesser services, programs, benefits, or other 

opportunities; and,

e. the continuing existence of unfair and unnecessary discrimination and prejudice 

denies people with disabilities the opportunity to compete on an equal basis and 

to pursue those opportunities for which our country is justifiably famous, and 

accosts the United States billions of dollars in unnecessary expenses resulting 

from dependency and non-productivity.

Congress explicitly stated that the purpose of the ADA was to:

f. provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for elimination of 

discrimination against individuals with disabilities;

g. provide clear, strong, consistent, enforceable standards addressing discrimination 

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against individuals with disabilities; and

h. invoke the sweep of congressional authority, including the power to enforce the 

fourteenth amendment and to regulate commerce, in order to address the major 

areas of discrimination faced on a daily basis by people with disabilities.

U.S.C. § 12101(b)(1)(2) and (4).

17. Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12182(7), 28 C.F.R. § 36.104 and the 2010 ADA

Standards, Defendant’s Premises is a place of public accommodation covered by the ADA by the 

fact it provides services to the general public and must be in compliance therewith.

18. Defendant has discriminated and continues to discriminate against Plaintiff and 

others who are similarly situated, by denying access to, and full and equal enjoyment of goods, 

services, facilities, privileges, advantages and/or accommodations located at the Premises, as 

prohibited by 42 U.S.C. § 12182 and 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et. seq., and by failing to remove 

architectural barriers pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12182(b)(2)(A)(iv).

19. Plaintiff has visited Premises, and has been denied full and safe equal access to 

the facilities and therefore suffered an injury in fact.

20. Plaintiff would like to return and enjoy the goods and/or services at Premises on 

a spontaneous, full and equal basis. However, Plaintiff is precluded from doing so by the 

Defendant’s failure and refusal to provide disabled persons with full and equal access to its

facilities. Therefore, Plaintiff continues to suffer from discrimination and injury due to the architectural 

barriers that are in violation of the ADA.

21. Pursuant to the mandates of 42 U.S.C. § 12134(a), on July 26, 1991, the 

Department of Justice, Officer of the Attorney General promulgated Federal Regulations to 

implement the requirements of the ADA. See 28 C.F.R. § 36 and its successor the 2010 ADA 

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Standards ADA Accessibility guidelines (hereinafter referred to as “ADAAG”), 28 C.F.R. § 36, 

under which said Department may obtain civil penalties of up to $55,000.00 for the first violation 

and $110,000.00 for and subsequent violation.

22. Based on a preliminary inspection of the Premises, Defendants are in violation of

42 USC § 12182 et. seq. and the 2010 American Disabilities Act Standards et. seq., and is 

discriminating against Plaintiff as a result of but not limited to, inter alia, the following specific

violations:

a. In front of Unit 8001, the access aisle to the accessible parking spaces is not level due 

to the presence of an accessible ramp in the access aisle in violation of Section 502.4 

of the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and 

difficult for Plaintiff to exit and enter their vehicle while parked at the Property as the 

lift from the van may rest upon the ramp and create an unlevel surface. 

b. In front of Unit 8001, the accessible curb ramp is improperly protruding into the access 

aisle of the accessible parking spaces in violation of section 406.5 of the 2010 ADAAG 

Standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and difficult for Plaintiff to 

exit and enter their vehicle while parked at the Property as the lift from the van may 

rest upon the ramp and create an unlevel surface.

c. In front of Unit 8001, the two accessible parking spaces are not level due to the presence 

of accessible ramp side flares in the accessible parking spaces in violation of Sections 

502.4 and 406.5 of the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it 

dangerous and difficult for Plaintiff to exit and enter their vehicle while parked at the 

Property as the van may rest upon the ramp and create an unlevel surface for Plaintiff 

to exit and enter their vehicle.

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d. In front of Unit 8001, the Property has an accessible ramp that lacks finished edges as 

there is a vertical rise at the edge in violation of section 405.9 of the 2010 ADAAG 

standards. This barrier to access would exposes Plaintiff to increased risk of injury for 

if the wheelchair should fall of the side edge of the ramp, the lack of edge protection 

would likely cause Plaintiff to tip and incur injury.

e. In front of Unit 8001, due to the policy of not having a parking stop in front of the 

eastern accessible parking space of the two accessible parking spaces in front of Unit 

8001, cars routinely pull up all the way to the curb and the "nose" of the vehicle extends 

into the only access route from these two accessible parking spaces in violation of 

section 502.7 of the 2010 ADAAG Standards. Thus, parking spaces are not properly 

designed so that parked cars and vans cannot obstruct the required clear width of 

adjacent accessible routes. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and difficult 

for Plaintiff to access exterior public features of the Property as there is not enough 

clear width for Plaintiff’s wheelchair.

f. Due to the barrier to access identified in (e) above, the exterior access route leading 

from the two accessible parking spaces in front of Unit 8001 routinely has clear widths 

below the minimum thirty-six (36") inch requirement specified by Section 403.5.1 of 

the 2010 ADAAG Standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and 

difficult for Plaintiff to access exterior public features of the Property as there is not 

enough clear width for Plaintiff’s wheelchair.

g. As a result of the barriers to access identified in (e) and (f) above, the accessible parking 

spaces located in front of Unit 8001 are not located on an accessible route, therefore, 

these accessible parking spaces are in violation of section 208.3.1 of the 2010 ADAAG 

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Standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and difficult for Plaintiff to 

access exterior public features of the Property as there is not enough clear width for 

Plaintiff’s wheelchair.

h. Nearest Unit 7911, the access aisle to the accessible parking space is not level due to 

the presence of an accessible ramp in the access aisle in violation of Section 502.4 of 

the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and 

difficult for Plaintiff to exit and enter their vehicle while parked at the Property as the 

lift from the van may rest upon the ramp and create an unlevel surface. 

i. Nearest Unit 7911, the accessible curb ramp is improperly protruding into the access 

aisle of the accessible parking space in violation of section 406.5 of the 2010 ADAAG 

Standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and difficult for Plaintiff to 

exit and enter their vehicle while parked at the Property as the lift from the van may 

rest upon the ramp and create an unlevel surface.

j. Nearest Unit 7911, the accessible parking space is not level due to the presence of 

accessible ramp side flares in the accessible parking space in violation of Sections 

502.4 and 406.5 of the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it 

dangerous and difficult for Plaintiff to exit and enter their vehicle while parked at the 

Property as the van may rest upon the ramp and create an unlevel surface for Plaintiff 

to exit and enter their vehicle.

k. Nearest Unit 7911, due to a failure to enact a policy of proper grounds maintenance, 

there is grass growing at the base of the accessible ramp. As a result, the ground 

surfaces at the base of the accessible ramp have vertical rises in excess of 1⁄4 (one 

quarter) inch in height, are not stable or slip resistant, have broken or unstable surfaces 

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or otherwise fail to comply with Sections 302, 303 and 405.4 of the 2010 ADAAG 

standards. This barrier to access would make it dangerous and difficult for Plaintiff to 

access the units of the Property as Plaintiff’s wheel could get snagged on the vertical 

rise and cause the wheelchair to tip.

l. There are no accessible parking spaces on the Property that have a sign designating an 

accessible parking space as “Van Accessible” in violation of section 208.2.4 of the 

2010 ADAAG standards and section 502.6 of the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier 

to access would make it difficult for Plaintiff to locate a van accessible parking space. 

m. Inside Priya’s Roti Shop, there are sales and services counters lacking any portion of 

the counter that has a maximum height of 36 (thirty-six) inches from the finished floor 

in violation of section 904.4 of the 2010 ADAAG standards, all portions of the sales 

and service counter exceed 36 (thirty-six) inches in height from the finished floor. This 

barrier to access would make it difficult for Plaintiff to properly transact business at the 

Property as Plaintiff is in a wheelchair which makes his height much lower than a 

standing individual, so a surface with a maximum height of 36 inches above the 

finished floor is necessary for Plaintiff to sign credit card receipts.

n. Inside Priya’s Roti Shop, the interior has walking surfaces leading to the restroom 

lacking a 36 (thirty-six) inch clear width, due to a policy of placing items in the 

accessible route including a bike and a garbage can, in violation of section 403.5.1 of 

the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it difficult for Plaintiff 

to properly utilize public features at the Property because the width of Plaintiff’s 

wheelchair would prevent passage through areas with a width less than 36 inches.

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o. As a result of the barrier to access referenced in “k” the Property lacks an accessible 

route connecting the exterior of the Property to all accessible elements and features 

inside the Property in violation of section 206.2.4 of the 2010 ADAAG standards. This 

barrier to access would make it difficult for Plaintiff to access public features of the 

Property due to the lack of a safe accessible route leading from the exterior to interior 

spaces inside the Property.

p. Defendant fails to adhere to a policy, practice and procedure to ensure that all facilities 

are readily accessible to and usable by disabled individuals.

PRIYA’S ROTI SHOP RESTROOMS

a. There is a policy of storing a table and other items in close proximity to the 

restroom door. As a result, the door to the restroom lacks a clear minimum 

maneuvering clearance, due to the proximity of the door hardware within 18 

inches to the adjacent items being stored, in violation of Section 404.2.4 of the 

2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it difficult for 

Plaintiff and/or any disabled individual to safely exit the restroom due to the 

fact individuals in wheelchairs have their feet sticking out in front of them and 

when there is inadequate clearance near the door (less than 18 inches), their 

protruding feet block their ability to reach the door hardware to open the door.

b. As a result of the barrier to access referenced in “a”, the door to the restrooms 

has a maximum clear width below 32 (thirty-two) inches in violation of section 

404.2.3 of the 2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it 

difficult for Plaintiff and/or any disabled individual to safely utilize the 

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restroom facilities as wheelchair typically has a clear width of between 30 and 

32 inches and the wheelchair will not be able to fit through the doorway to 

access the restroom. In the case that the wheelchair may barely fit through, the 

tight doorway would likely injure Plaintiff’s hands as they could get caught 

between the wheel and the doorway.

c. The restroom lacks signage in compliance with sections 216.8 and 703 of the 

2010 ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it difficult for 

Plaintiff and/or any disabled individual to locate accessible restroom facilities.

d. The door hardware providing access to the restrooms requires tight grasping 

and twisting of the wrist in violation of Section 404.2.7 of the 2010 ADAAG 

standards. This barrier to access would make it difficult for Plaintiff and/or any 

disabled individual to utilize the restroom facilities.

e. The height of coat hook located in accessible restroom stall is above 48 (fortyeight) inches from the finished floor in violation of section 308.2.1 of the 2010 

ADAAG standards. This barrier to access would make it difficult for Plaintiff 

and/or any disabled individual to reach the coat hook as individuals in 

wheelchairs are seated and have significantly less reach range than individuals 

who stand up.

f. The restrooms have grab bars adjacent to the commode which are not in 

compliance with section 604.5.1 of the 2010 ADAAG standards as the side bar 

is located more than 12” from the rear wall. This barrier to access would make 

it difficult for Plaintiff and/or any disabled individual to safely transfer from the 

wheelchair to the toilet and back to the wheelchair.

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g. The restrooms have grab bars adjacent to the commode which are not in 

compliance with section 604.5 of the 2010 ADAAG standards as the side bar 

not 42 inches in length. This barrier to access would make it difficult for 

Plaintiff and/or any disabled individual to safely transfer from the wheelchair 

to the toilet and back to the wheelchair.

23. To the best of Plaintiff’s belief and knowledge, Defendant has failed to eliminate 

the specific violations set forth in paragraph 22 herein.

24. Although Defendant is charged with having knowledge of the violations, 

Defendant may not have actual knowledge of said violations until this Complaint makes 

Defendant aware of same.

25. To date, the readily achievable barriers and other violations of the ADA still exist 

and have not been remedied or altered in such a way as to effectuate compliance with the 

provisions of the ADA.

26. As the owner, lessor, lessee or operator of the Premises, Defendants are required 

to comply with the ADA. To the extent the Premises, or portions thereof, existed and were 

occupied prior to January 26, 1992, the owner, lessor, lessee or operator has been under a 

continuing obligation to remove architectural barriers at the Premises where removal was readily 

achievable, as required by 28 C.F.R. §36.402.

27. To the extent the Premises, or portions thereof, were constructed for occupancy 

after January 26, 1993 the owner, lessor, lessee or operator of the Premises was under an 

obligation to design and construct such Premises such that it is readily accessible to and usable 

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by individuals with disabilities, as required by 28 C.F.R. §36.401.

28. Plaintiff has retained the undersigned counsel for the filing and prosecution of 

this action. Plaintiff is entitled to have his reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses paid 

by Defendant, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12205.

29. All of the above violations are readily achievable to modify in order to bring 

Premises or the Facility/Property into compliance with the ADA.

30. In instance(s) where the 2010 ADAAG standard does not apply, the 1991 

ADAAG standard applies and all of the violations listed in paragraph 22 herein can be applied 

to the 1991 ADAAG standards.

31. Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12188, this Court is vested with the authority to grant 

Plaintiff’s injunctive relief, including an order to alter the subject facility to make them readily

accessible to and useable by individuals with disabilities to the extent required by the ADA and 

closing the Subject Facility until the requisite modifications are completed.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment against Defendants and requests the 

following injunctive and declaratory relief:

1. That this Court declares that Premises owned, operated and/or controlled by 

Defendants are in violation of the ADA;

2. That this Court enter an Order requiring Defendants to alter their facilities to 

make them accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities to the full 

extent required by Title III of the ADA;

3. That this Court enter an Order directing the Defendants to evaluate and neutralize 

their policies, practices and procedures toward persons with disabilities, for such 

reasonable time so as to allow the Defendants to undertake and complete 

corrective procedures to Premises;

4. That this Court award reasonable attorney’s fees, all costs (including, but not 

limited to the court costs and expert fees) and other expenses of suit to the 

Plaintiff; and,

5. That this Court award such other and further relief as it may deem necessary, just 

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and proper.

Dated: July 25, 2022

/ s / A l b e r t o R . L e al . 

Alberto R. Leal, Esq., P.A.

Florida Bar No.: 1002345

8927 Hypoluxo Rd. #157

Lake Worth, FL 33467

Phone: 954-637-1868

E-Mail: albertolealesq@gmail.com

Attorney for Plaintiff

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