NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

8972

Earth Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity

at Selected Stations in the United States

By

T. Kusuda

P. R. Achenbach

Prepared for the

Office of Civil Defense

U.S. Department of the Army

S7 <L

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT

42103-12-4210436 June 22, 1965

NBS REPORT

8972

Earth Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity

at Selected Stations in the United States

By

T. Kusuda

P. R. Achenbach

Mechanical Systems Section

Building Research Division

Prepared for the

Office of Civil Defense

U.S. Department of the Army

This report has been reviewed by the Office of Civil Defense

and approved for issuance. Approval does not signify that

the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of

the Office of Civil Defense.

Contract No. OCD-OS-62-44, Subtask 1211

A

IMPORTANT NOTICE NATIONAL BUREAU OF SI

for use within the Government, and review. For this reason, tt whole or in part, is not autho Bureau of Standards, Washingt

the Report has been specifically

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

ess accounting documents intended

> subjected to additional evaluation

e listing of this Report, either in le Office of the Director, National

by the Government agency for which

copies for its own use. <^S>

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
.

-
SUMMARY

OF

RESEARCH REPORT

8972

EARTH TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY

AT SELECTED STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

by

T. Kusuda

P. R. Achenbach

May 1965

This is a summary of a report which has been reviewed by the

Office of Civil Defense and approved for publication. Approval

does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views

and policies of the Office of Civil Defense.

Contract No. OCD- OS- 62-44,. Subtask 1211A

National Bureau of Standards

Building Research Division

Washington, D.C.

Summary prepared by

National Bureau of Standards

June 1965

Findings

It was found during the analysis that the simplified heat

conduction theory based upon a simple harmonic presentation of earth

temperatures provided a fair approximation of monthly average earth

temperature except near the surface, provided the annual average

temperature, the annual amplitude and phase angle of the surface

temperature, and the thermal diffusivity are known.

In-situ thermal dif f usivities of earth were computed from the

observed earth temperature data both by amplitude method and phase angle

method. The dif fusivities computed by these two methods for each of

earth temperature stations showed reasonably good agreement for most of

the stations. Moreover, most of the diffusivity values were in the

range from 0.015 and 0.035 ft^/hr. The difference in the thermal

diffusivities calculated by the two methods could not be attributed

definitely to known causes. The annual averages of monthly average

earth temperature, as expected, were very close to the annual average

outdoor air temperature and to the Collins' ground water temperature of

a given location. The annual amplitude of the monthly average earth

surface temperature, however, did not show a good correlation to the

annual amplitude of monthly average outdoor air temperature. The phase

angle measured from January 1st for monthly average earth temperatures

and air temperatures were also compared. While the phase angle values

of air temperature cycle showed a consistent value of approximately

0.6 radian (5 weeks), the earth surface temperature phase angles ranged

from 0.4 radian and 0.8 radian (3.3 to 6.7 weeks).

3
More extensive studies are necessary to establish a functional

relation between earth surface temperature and outdoor air temperature

for various types of soil, earth surface characteristics , and climatic

conditions

Although all available earth temperature data were compiled during

this study, the stations were widely separated in most of the southern

and western states. It is recommended, therefore, that data be obtained

at additional stations in those regions during future studies.

4

USCOMM-NBS-DC
The National Bureau of Standards had investigated thermal

environment of a family shelter for various test conditions experimentally

and has been developing analytical and numerical computational programs

that predict the thermal performance of occupied underground shelters.

Details of these programs have been reported previously. The numerical

program was designed to predict, by a digital computer, temperature and

humidity in underground shelters for simulated occupancy conditions,

of any size, shape and construction detail for any combination of

properties of the surrounding soil, outdoor weather conditions, number,

activity and density of occupants, and type of cooling and ventilating

facilities. The thermal performances of several prototype shelters

with simulated occupants of several different sizes have been adequately

simulated by the present computer program. The computer program is

basically capable of predicting thermal environment of many different

underground structures if input parameters are accurately known, such

as was the case for the prototype shelters. Some of the important, yet

not well defined, input parameters for underground thermal performance

are temperature and properties of the earth surrounding the shelter,

and conditions of outdoor air which is usually used for shelter

ventilation. The earth temperature, earth properties and outdoor air

conditions are interdependent near the earth's surface, and these

parameters vary with time and from locality to locality throughout the

United States. Thus, it was decided that the earth temperature data

and outdoor weather data should be analyzed to establish reasonable

computer input data for the purpose of predicting the shelter thermal

1
environment and to facilitate design of economical mechanical systems

for underground shelters. This report covers the analysis of earth

t emp era tur e data.

- A total of 63 sets of monthly average earth temperature data,

including some that had been already published and additional data

obtained from the climatological data of the U.S. Weather Bureau, have

been tabulated and analyzed in this report. This technique employs a simple harmonic heat transfer equation of earth temperature vs. time

to calculate the earth temperatures from a few characteristics such as annual average temperature, surface temperature, annual temperature

amplitude, thermal diffusivity, and surface temperature phase angle

from a selected reference point. These characteristic values were

analyzed using least-squares constant which were obtained by fitting a simple harmonic equation to the data of the monthly average earth

temperatures. The higher harmonic terms in describing annual cycle of

monthly average earth temperatures were neglected in this analysis.

By knowing the characteristics described above, earth temperature

vs. depth may be calculated for various climatic regions and for various

thermal properties. Simplified analytical studies on shelter heat

transfer, however, require only an average earth temperature surrounding

the shelter at the time of shelter entry instead of the detailed

temperature distributions. The average earth temperatures from surface

to 10-ft depth have also been calculated using these same earth

temperature characteristics.

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Abstract A

1. Introduction 1

2. Location of Earth Temperature Stations 3

3. Analysis of Earth Temperature Data 8

4. Simplified Heat Conduction Theory of Undisturbed Earth 12

5. Analyses of Thermal Diffusivity of the Earth by

Simplified Theory 14

6. Correlation of Earth, Air, and Ground Water Temperature.... 19

7. Calculations of Earth Temperatures 29

8. Integrated Average Temperature of Upper 10-ft Stratum 31

9. Conclusions 39

10. Recommendations 42

11. Appendix: Discussion of Least-Squares Technique 43

12. Earth Temperature References 49

iii
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 List of earth temperature stations and results of

least-squares analysis

Table 2 Summary of site characteristics and earth, air, and

ground water thermal characteristics at 18 selected

stations

Table 3 List of air temperature stations located near the

earth temperature stations

Table 4 Annual maxima and minima of air temperature and

integrated average earth temperature from surface

to 10-ft depth

Tables ST-1 to

ST-63

Summary of observed earth temperatures, results of

least-squares analysis, and calculated earth

temperatures using the least-squares constants for

all of 63 earth temperature stations

Tables STA-1 to

STA-63

Calculated earth temperatures for selected depths and

thermal dif fusivities , and integrated average

temperature for upper 10-ft earth stratum for 63

earth temperature stations

iv
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Graphical distribution of stations for which earth

temperature data are reported, and Collins' well-water

isotherms for the 48 contiguous states

Figure 2 Comparison of least-squares curve, 5-year norm, and

observed temperatures at Lexington, Kentucky

Figure 3 Thermal dif fusivities computed by amplitude method

and phase angle method

Figure 4 Annual average earth and water temperature vs. annual

average air temperature

Figure 5 Annual amplitude of monthly average air temperature

vs. annual earth surface temperature amplitude

Figure 6 Annual cycles of monthly average daily solar

insolation and monthly average outdoor air temperature

for Washington, D. C. and Minneapolis, Minnesota

Figure 7 Phase angle relations between the annual cycles of

monthly average air and earth surface temperatures

Figure 8 Dimensionless parameters for calculation of integrated

depth average earth temperature

Figure 9 Calculated earth temperature and integrated depth

average earth temperature plotted against depth from

the surface in August and February for the station at

Lexington, Kentucky

Figures ST-1 to

ST-19

Annual average earth temperature and amplitude plotted

against depth

Figures SP-1 to

SP-19

Earth temperature phase angle plotted against depth

v
Symbol

A

NOMENCLATURE

Unit

Annual average earth temperature: (LeastSquares Constant) (°F)

B Amplitude of the annual cycle of the monthly

average earth temperature at a given point

(Least-Squares Constant) (°F)

BA (BA') Amplitude of the monthly average air

temperature (°F)

BO Projected earth surface temperature amplitude

(B at x=o) ( °F)

Cn Earth temperature amplitude of nth harmonic (°F)

D Thermal diffusivity of earth (ft2 /hr)

D(B) Thermal diffusivity of earth calculated by

the amplitude method (ft2 /hr)

D(P ) Thermal diffusivity of earth calculated by

the phase lag method (ft2 /hr)

e Base of the natural logarithm (dimensionless)

K Index for identifying temperature data at a given time (dimensionless)

L Depth from the earth's surface (ft)

log Natural logarithm

N Index for denoting total number of

temperature data at a given depth (dimensionless)

n Integer referring to nth harmonic of the

Fourier series expression of temperature

cycle (dimensionless)

P Phase angle of the earth temperature cycle

for given x (radian)

PA (PA') Phase angle of the air temperature cycle (radian)

vi

\
Symbol Unit

PO

SD

t

Projected phase angle at the earth's

surface (x=o) (radian)

deviation

Standard / of the observed earth

temperatures from those calculated by the

least-squares fit equation (°F)

Calculated monthly average earth temperature (°F)

tL

T

TA (TA')

TW

Observed monthly average earth temperature (°F)

Average earth temperature from surface to a depth L (°F)

Period of the temperature cycle (= 8766 hrs)

Annual average air temperature (°F)

Ground water temperature (°F)

x Downward distance coordinate from the

earth's surface (ft)

O', a^, (*2 Temperature functions

6 n Temperature phase angle referring to the

nth harmonic

( °F)

(radian)

^2 > Trigonometric functions

§4, S5

2tt

U) Angular velocity factor = ~T"

(dimens ionless)

(radians /hr)

9

0

Elapsed time from January 1st (br)

J "FT L = dimensionless depth

Phase angle for integrated depth average (radian)

Dimensionless amplitude for integrated

depth average

vii
EARTH TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY

AT SELECTED STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

by

T. Kusuda and P. R. Achenbach

ABSTRACT

To provide information related to the heat transfer in underground

installations, 63 sets of data showing annual variations of monthly

average earth temperatures at various depths throughout the 48

contiguous states of the United States of America have been compiled

and analyzed for the Office of Civil Defense. These data have been

used to compute the annual average amplitude and phase angle of the

earth temperature by a least-squares method. Thermal dif fusivities of

earth computed from the observed temperature data by both the amplitude

method and phase lag method were compared for selected earth temperature

stations. The monthly average earth temperature at depth intervals of

two feet to a depth of 10 feet and the annual maximum and minimum

integrated average temperatures in this region were calculated for each

station for a selected value of thermal diffusivity using the results

of the least-squares analysis. Annual average values of earth temperatur

and the amplitude and phase angle of the annual cycle of earth surface

temperature were compared with the corresponding values of air and

ground water temperatures.

viii
EARTH TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY

AT SELECTED STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

by

T. Kusuda and P. R. Achenbach

National Bureau of Standards

1 . Introduction

Earth temperature is one of the most important parameters affecting

heat transfer in underground installations. Recent studies of

underground protective shelters have clearly indicated the immediate

1 , 2 , 3 /

need for earth temperature design data. The environment in an

underground protective shelter can be improved considerably if the

heat absorbing capacity of the surrounding earth is effectively utilized.

The total heat absorbing capacity of earth, however, cannot be accurately

determined unless its temperature and thermal properties are known. The

earth temperature varies with latitude, weather conditions, time of year,

altitude, landscaping, shading, neighboring buildings, earth surface

conditions, soil properties, rainfall, and other factors.

Although the exact ground temperature at a specific site can be

obtained only by direct measurements, information on the general

distribution of the natural ground temperature throughout the United

States is, nevertheless, worth obtaining. Such information would be

useful from the standpoint of shelter planning on a nationwide basis

and would aid in determining the equipment requirements for ventilation,

air-conditioning and heating of various size shelters.

The primary purpose of this report is to compile all available

annual cycles of monthly average earth temperatures in the depths

suited to heat transfer calculations in underground protective structures.

1
Numerous earth temperature data are scattered throughout the

literature, but little effort has been made in the past to compile

them into a nationwide summary except for the work of Fitton and BrookA/

and that of Jen-Hu Chang.—/ A good many of the earth temperature data

compiled by these workers have, however, been obtained less than a foot

from the earth's surface and are not particularly suited for heat

transfer studies on underground structures.

For heat transfer studies on underground protective structures,

earth temperatures at depths between 3 ft and 10 ft are of

particular significance. A study was undertaken under the sponsorship

of the Office of Civil Defense to secure earth temperature data at these

depths from several existing soil temperature records,

^, -,->-} - }

either published or unpublished. Data compiled and analyzed in this

paper are monthly average earth temperatures for periods ranging from

one year to several years.

The analysis of earth temperature data includes the following

parts

(a) The determination of averaged annual cycles of monthly

average earth temperatures at various depths from the several years'

records at 63 stations.

(b) Least-squares fitting of observed data to a simple harmonic

function to obtain annual average temperature, annual amplitude of

monthly averages, and phase angle of the temperature cycle at various

depths for 63 stations.

2
(c) Calculation of thermal diffusivity of the earth at 29

* stations using both the amplitude and phase angle techniques.

(d) Comparison of observed earth temperatures with calculated

earth temperatures, using the thermal diffusivity as determined in

(c) and with least-squares constants as determined in (b) at each

depth where the observations were made.

(e) Calculation of earth temperature from the surface to a depth

of 10 ft at two-foot intervals and average earth temperature of the

same region for selected values of thermal dif fusivities and earth

temperature characteristics.

In order to compare the earth temperatures with air temperatures,

annual temperature cycles of outdoor air were also collected from

weather stations in the vicinity of the ground temperature stations.

The earth temperatures were also compared with ground water temperatures

reported by Collins.—

2 . Location of Earth Temperature Stations

The many parameters which affect earth temperature can be

classified into the following three major groups:

(1) Geographical characteristics: latitude, altitude, climatic

conditions

(2) Site characteristics: surface condition, landscaping,

shading, neighboring installations, water table.

(3) Earth characteristics: thermal and physical properties of

earth (including moisture content), packing density, etc.

3
Since many of these parameters change in a seasonal cycle, or

irregularly with time, it is impossible to predict exactly the earth

temperature at any given location for any given time in the future,

particularly at locations near the earth's surface. Earth temperature

predictions, therefore, are of a statistical nature and some deviation

from the average is to be expected in any given day, season, or year.

Because earth temperatures are affected by so many factors, it

would be desirable in analyzing data at different locations for

comparison with each other to keep as many of these factors, such as

earth cover, shading, and earth density, constant in order to arive

at meaningful conclusions. However, this approach was impractical

for the most part in the present study since the original temperature

data were taken for a variety of purposes by different investigators,

and the total number of stations of observation in the United States

was quite limited. The majority of the ground temperature data

available for this study were obtained in undisturbed earth at stations

on open flat ground, either bare or grass -covered.

4
The geographical locations of the stations for which earth

temperature data are compiled in this study are indicated in Fig. 1.

Collins' well-water temperature isotherms—^ at depths of 30 ft to 60 ft

are superimposed on Fig. 1. These data will be used later to correlate

the ground water temperature with earth temperature. Eighteen filled

circles and seven open circles on Fig* 1 indicate the stations for

which data have been newly analyzed during the course of this study.

The monthly average earth temperatures for three consecutive years' span

were obtained and analyzed for the majority of these twenty-five

bisected

stations. The stations marked with/open circles in Fig. 1 are those

for which earth temperature data had already been reduced to an annual

cycle of average monthly temperatures by other investigators for

publication. Unfortunately, the majority of the data obtained from

these latter sources did not contain pertinent information with regard

to most of the site and soil characteristics, although they are still

helpful in studying the effect of the parameters which were cited.

A total of 63 sets of data has been compiled and analyzed in this

study to show the effect of combinations of the above parameters on

earth temperature* Table 1 is a list of the earth temperature stations

indicated in Fig. 1.

5
Figure

1

Graphical

distribution

of

stations

for

which

earth

temperature

data

are

reported

and

Collins'

well-water

isotherms

for

the

48

contiguous

states
Table 1 List of earth temperature stations and results of

least-squares analysis

Table Station

Annual

Avg. Earth

State Terns.

Temp

Amplitude at Earth's Surface

Phase Angle

of Earth Temp

at Surface

(A) °F (BO) °F (P0) radians

*ST- 1 Auburn Alabama 65 17 0.49 -/ST- 2 Decatur Alabama 59 21 0.45 -/ST- 3 Tempe Arizona 70 20 0.47 ST- 4 TuCson Arizona 75 18 0.77 4*ST- 5 Brawley California 79 20 0.60

ST- 6 Davie California 66 19 0.63 4 ST- 7 Fort Co Ulna Colorado 50 24 0.54 4 ST- 8 Fort Colllna Colorado 50 24 0.54 4*ST- 9 Fort Colllna Colorado 50 26 0.54 4 ST- 10 Gainesville Florida 74 —

4 ST-11 Athena Georgia 67 -- —

ST- 12 Tlf ton Georgia 71 — -- ST-13 Moscow Idaho 47 18 0.73 ST-14 Argonne Illinois 51 23 0.70

ST-15 LemonIllinois 52 23 0.66 ST-16 Urbana Illinois 53 25 0.6t

ST- 17 Urbana Illinois 55 — —

ST-18 West Lafayette Indiana 52 — —

-/ST- 19 Burlington Iowa 54 30 0.57 -/ST- 20 Manhattan Kansas 55 26 0.61

ST-21 Lexington Kentucky 55 23 0.60 ST-22 Lexington Kentucky 58 22 0.75 -/ST-23 Upper Marlboro Maryland 56 25 0.56

ST- 24 East Lansing Michigan 50 24 0.60

ST-25 East Lansing Michigan 51 24 0.59 ST-26 East Lansing Michigan 50 24 0.60

ST-27 East Lansing Michigan 50 24 0.60

ST- 28 East Lansing Michigan 50 24 0.65 -/ST- 29 St. Paul Minnesota 48 25 0.65 4 ST-30 State Univ. Mississippi 67 21 0.58 ST-31 Faucett Missouri 54 20 0.65 ST-32 Kansas City Missouri 54 22 0.56 4* ST- 33 Sikeston Missouri 57 25 0.59 ST-34 Bozeman Montana 44 21 0.68 4 ST- 35 Bozeman Montana 44 21 0.63 4*ST- 36 Huntley Montana 50 25 0.47

ST-37 Lincoln Nebraska 54 28 0.52

ST- 38 Lincoln Nebraska 53 28 0.52

ST- 39 Norfolk Nebraska 53 24 0.54 » ST-40 New Brunswick New Jersey 53 21 0.69

ST-41 Ithaca New York 49 19 0.69 4*ST-42 Ithaca New York 49 19 0.64 4 ST-43 Raleigh North Carolina 62 — —

4 ST-44 Columbus Ohio 53 22 0.65 ST-45 Coshocton Ohio 52 22 0.67

ST-46 Barnsdall Oklahoma 65 21 0.65 ST-47 Hominy Oklahoma 63 21 0.73

ST-48 Lake Hefner Oklahoma 64 23 0.63

ST- 49 Pawhuska Oklahoma 62 22 0.61 ST-50 Ottawa Ontario 47 21 0.64 4*ST- 51 Corvallis Oregon 56 18 0.53 ST-52 Pendleton Oregon 53 26 0.48

ST- 5 3 Calhoun South Carolina 64 22 0.49 ST-54 Union South Carolina 59 20 0.67 -/ST- 55 Madison South Dakota 47 26 0.59 -/ST- 5 6 Jackson Tennessee 60 20 0.44 4*ST- 5

Temple Texas 70 21 0.58 -/ST-58 Temple Texas 71 21 0.59 -/ST- 59 Salt Lake City Utah 51 21 0.48

ST- 60 Burlington Vermont 49 --

ST- 61 Pullman Washington 48 -- -- ST- 62 Pullman Washington 48 19 0.50 ST- 63 Seattle Washington 53 15 0.64

* - Earth temperature atationa where the data are analyzed for the thermal diffualvity (29 atationa)

4 Earth temperature data newly acquired (25 atationa)

- 7

-
3 . Analysis of Earth Temperature Data

The observed earth temperatures at various depths, averaged

arithmetically in monthly periods, were tabulated for the 63 stations

in Tables ST-1 through ST- 63. In addition to

presenting the annual cycle of monthly average earth temperatures,

the observed earth temperatures were analyzed to find best annual

averages, depth amplitude, and depth phase angles based upon the

assumption that the earth temperature can be represented by a simple

harmonic time function. This assumption may not represent the best

possible mathematical model from the standpoint of meteorological

or geophysical considerations, but it is probably satisfactory for

the purpose of analysis of heat transfer in underground protective

structures. The simple harmonic representation of an annual cycle

of monthly average soil temperatures is reasonably accurate, as

8 9 / 10 / shown by the analyses of Penrod—*—' and Carson.—' Moreover, the

constants of the simple harmonic expression of the earth temperature

cycle can be related to thermal diffusivity of the soil at any

station for which temperature data are taken.

8
Equation (1) is a simple harmonic function that can be used to

represent an earth temperature cycle.

(i)

!' Z "

i t = A - B cos^ij 0 - Py

where: t is the monthly average earth temperature, °F

0 is the time coordinate which is taken as zero on

January 1 , hr

T is the period of the temperature cycle = 8766 hr

A is the annual average earth temperature, °F

B is the annual amplitude of the monthly average

temperature cycle, °F

P is the phase angle of the earth temperature cycle, radians

The values of A, B, and P in equation (1) have been determined in two

8 9/ different ways by other authors. Penrod—2—' computed A by arithmetic

average of 12 monthly average earth temperatures, B as one-half the

difference between the maximum and minimum monthly average temperatures,

and P by a rather complicated graphical calculation. CarsonJLQ/

expressed the annual cycle of monthly average earth temperatures at a

given depth by a Fourier series containing six harmonics and computed

A, B, and P from the basic harmonic terms of the Fourier expression.

Both Penrod and Carson computed their parameters for each year

separately.

It should be pointed out, however, that the numerical value of P

is rather arbitrary, depending upon the origin of the time coordinate

system.

9
In this study, earth temperature cycles of several years' record

of monthly averages have been fitted to equation ( 1 ) by a least-squares

method. That is, the values of constants A, B, and P have been

determined, so that the sum of the squares of differences between the

fitted harmonic curve and the observed values are a minimum. Fig. 2

shows typical annual cycles of monthly average earth temperatures at

the surface and at the 10-ft depth at a site in Lexington, Kentucky.

the 9 / Curves representing/ 5-year norm of Penrod, - and those calculated by

the least-squares technique are also shown on Fig. 2. A good agreement

exists between the least-squares fitted curve and the 5 -year norm

curve, despite the considerable scatter in earth surface temperature

data

The detail of the mathematical development of the least-squares

technique is presented in the Appendix. The values of A, B, and P,

and the standard deviation of the observed data from the value calculated

by equation (1), were determined at each depth for 63 sets of earth

temperature data and are shown in the ST tables. The absolute value

of the phase angle, P, is dependent upon the coordinate system of 0 of

equation ( 1 ) and is less meaningful than the difference between the

values of P at two consecutive depths. As seen from the ST tables, the

annual amplitude of the earth temperature, B, decreased as the depth

increased, whereas the annual average of the earth temperature was

practically invariant with respect to the depth, except for

irregularities near the surface region. It is also observed from the

ST tables that the phase angle, P, increased as the depth increased.

10
90

80

70

60

50

40

V 1

30

20

10

0

t r

10 FT. DEPTH

SURFACE

3.00 \\•A

LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY —

EARTH TEMPERATURE

• 1952 MONTHLY AVERAGE

+ 1953 M M —

1954 M II A 1955 II II O 1956 M II

- 5 YEAR NORM

LEAST SQUARES FIT

JFMAMJJASONDJF

TIME, MONTH

Comparison of least-squares curve, 5-year norm, and

observed temperatures at Lexington, Kentucky

- 11 -

Figure 2
4. Simplified Heat Conduction Theory of Undisturbed Earth

The earth temperature oscillation near the surface from the

standpoint of heat conduction theory has been discussed in various

12 / texts of heat transfer; notable among them are Car slaw and Jaeger's

and Eckert' si^ treatments of the problem.

Usually the mathematical treatment of earth temperature starts with

the assumption that:

(1) Earth is a homogeneous heat conducting medium of a

semi-infinite solid system, the thermal diffusivity of

which is constant throughout.

(2) The temperature of the surface exposed to the atmosphere

varies periodically with time.

For such a system the earth temperature at depth, x, can be computed by

the following equation when a steady cyclic pattern is established

within earth

t = A + 2 ^ e“ v ET Cn cos j

- 6n - J

xy (2)

where Cn and 6n correspond to the amplitude and phase angle of the nth

harmonic of the prescribed periodic temperature function at the ground

surface. As long as the earth surface temperature is periodic, and as

long as the assumptions (1) and (2) are valid, equation (2) exactly

describes the earth temperature with proper evaluation of Cn and 6n as well as thermal diffusivity D. Furthermore, when higher harmonics

corresponding to n>2 are not significant, as in the case of the annual

temperature cycle of the monthly average soil temperatures, equation (2)

becomes simply the following form:

12
J- (3)

n

x ^n© _ /iL x . P0>

t = A - BO e’^ DT cos V T V DT J

tt By comparing (1) and (3) , B = BO e v DT x

(4)

n

and P = PO + J jjrjr x

(5)

Relations (4) and (5) indicate that a linear relationship exists

between the logarithmic amplitude and depth and between the phase angle

and the depth.

Relations (4) and (5) also suggest the evaluation of thermal

diffusivity by the formulas

D (B) =

TT X I2

log

BO

B

' ( 6 )

D < p > = X [ft

x T

POJ

(7)

The preceding relations of earth temperature and thermal

diffusivity had been applied as far back as 1811 by Lord Kelvin to the

mean earth temperature curves based on Forbe's 18-year record in

12 / Edinburgh, Scotland.— Kelvin did not ignore the higher harmonics

for the temperature equations and calculated the diffusivity not only

by the first harmonic but also by the higher harmonics as well. He

had obtained a good agreement between the thermal diffusivities deduced

from the amplitude and that from the phase angle of the first harmonic.

He was, however, less successful for the higher harmonics in obtaining

a good agreement between the diffusivities calculated by the two

different methods.

13
5 . Analyses of Thermal Dlffusivity of the Earth by Simplified Theory

Several other investigators have applied the simplified theory of

the preceding section to limited amounts of earth temperature data. In

this analysis, the results of the least-squares fitting for several

earth temperature stations were selected for graphical representation

of amplitude and phase angle with respect to depth. Figures ST-1

through ST-19 indicate relations between logarithmic amplitude (log B)

vs. depth, x, whereas Figures SP-1 through SP-19 show relationships

between the phase angle, P, and the depth, x, for the data obtained from

19 earth temperature stations.

It can be said for all of 19 stations, except near the region

of x=o, linear relationships between log B and x, and those between P

and x, are eminent from all of the ST and SP series of charts. The

temperature irregularity near the ground surface can be explained as

follows

(1) The earth surface region differs from the idealized heat

conduction model of the previous discussion. The temperature

pattern is complicated due to the fact that irregular daily

fluctuations of weather influence the surface temperature.

(2) Temperature values are influenced by the time of observation

unless the data are the average of the continuous hourly

recording.

(3) The soil near the earth's surface is usually less homogeneous

than at depth.

The density, water content, and composition vary within the

region.

14
The temperature data for 29 of the 63 stations covered a sufficient

range of depths below the earth's surface to be suitable for evaluating

thermal diffusivity, and earth surface temperature amplitude and phase

angle by graphical methods. Those 29 earth temperature stations are

identified by asterisks in Table 1. On each of the charts for those 29

stations, some of which have been illustrated in Figures ST-1 to 19, a straight edge was placed to fit the log B vs. depth data points by a visual inspection, such that the points at greater depths controlled the

positions as well as the slopes of the straight edge. This visual

technique was considered more appropriate for the analysis than a mathematical regression technique because most of the temperature data

were concentrated near the shallow depth region where inconsistency with

respect to the basic heat transfer theory is predominant due to

heterogeneity of the material and diurnal effects. The visual technique

did help to avoid obscuring the intrinsic linear relation of log B vs . X

and P vs . X manifested in the deep earth temperature data by abundant

shallow depth data. The earth surface temperature amplitude BO was then

read at the intersecting point of the straight edge and the x=0

coordinate line. The slope of the straight edge thus determined was

also used for calculating thermal diffusivity D(B) by equation (6).

Figures SP-1 through SP-19 show the plots of phase angles vs. depths

calculated for the same 19 stations, the logarithmic amplitudes of which

have been analyzed. A similar visual technique of finding the intercept

and slopes of the plots on log B vs . X was also employed on these phase

angle-depth plots in determining the earth surface temperature phase

angle and thermal diffusivity D(P)

15
The simplified theory demands that the dif fusivities computed by

the slope of log B-x relation and that of P-x relation must agree. The

thermal dif fusivities computed by the two methods are summarized in

Table 2 for eighteen selected stations where comprehensive information

on earth temperature site characteristics was available. Fig. 3

graphically correlates the relationship between the two computed

diffusivity values, D(B) and D(P). Of all the sets compared, eight

showed an excellent agreement for the diffusivities computed by the

amplitude method and phase lag method. A majority of the comparisons

showed the diffusivity computed by the phase lag method to be lower

than that computed by the amplitude method. No obvious correlation

existed between the difference in the two thermal diffusivity values

and earth temperature site characteristics, such as type of soil,

elevation, earth surface, temperature level, or geographical location.

Although it may be accidental, all three of the stations with bare

earth cover showed very good agreement between the two diffusivities

The difference between the thermal dif fusivities computed by

equations (6) and (7) may be attributable to the following conditions:

(1) Errors in assigning correct slopes for log B-x and P-x curves

due to the insufficient depth data as well as inconsistent

temperature-depth data.

(2) Errors in calculating correct phase angle and amplitude from

insufficient and fluctuating data.

16
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LO

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M3CM - 17 -

cultural
D(P),

f

t

z/

hr

D (B), f

2

/ hr

Figure 3 Thermal dif fusivit ies computed by amplitude method

and phase angle method

- 18 -
(3) Discrepancies from the ideal one-dimensional heat flow system

due to the site characteristics of earth temperature stations

of which the authors were unaware.

6 . Correlation of Earth, Air, and Ground Water Temperatures

According to Collins,—^ the ground water temperature at a depth

of 30 ft to 60 ft is very nearly equal to the annual average air

temperature. The well-known Collins' ground water temperature map

was constructed on this basis, utilizing the annual average air

temperature distribution of the 48 states.

Annual average air temperatures were collected from weather

stations located near the earth temperature stations designated by

solid dark and open dots in Fig. 1. The list of the weather stations

and the data are shown in Table 3. Table 3 also lists the following

data:

(1) The annual average air temperature, TA, and the annual

amplitude of the monthly average air temperature cycle, BA,

computed from the observed data for the indicated period of

record.

(2) The least-squares constants, TA', BA', and PA, for the annual

average air temperature, the annual amplitude of the monthly

average air temperature cycle, and the phase angle of the air

temperature cycle, respectively, for the climatological

standard normals (1931-1960). These constants were determined

in the same manner as those for the earth temperature.

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20

NOTE:

All

the

air

temperature

data

are

obtained

from

Local

Climatological

Data

of

U.S.

Weather

Bureau
It can be seen from Table 3 that the values of TA and TA' and those for

BA and BA* are nearly equal.

The values of annual average air temperature TA and the amplitude

of the monthly average air temperature BA are superimposed on Figures

ST-1 through ST-19, whereas the air temperature phase angle PA is

superimposed on Figures SP-1 through SP-19.

Annual average earth temperature. A, and ground water temperature,

TW, are plotted against annual average air temperature, TA, in Fig. 4.

The annual amplitude of monthly average air temperature, BA, is plotted

in Fig. 5 against earth temperature amplitude at the surface BO.

Although the annual average earth temperature, A, can be approximated

either by the annual average air temperature, TA, or by Collins' water

temperature, TW (from Fig. 1), the approximation of BO, the annual

earth surface temperature amplitude from the annual amplitude of the

monthly average air temperature, BA, is not too satisfactory, as shown

by Fig. 5 and all of the figures in the ST series.

21
GROUND

AND

WATER

TEMPERATURES

IIO

ANNUAL AVERAGE AIR TEMPERATURE, *F

Annual average earth and water temperature vs average air temperature

- 22 -

Figure 4

annual
A close examination of Fig. 5 and Table 2 reveals the following

interesting trend, however. The points of BO below the line of BO^BA

in Fig. 5, or the localities where BO<RA, represent inland cities such

as Ithaca (New York), Salt Lake City (Utah), Madison (South Dakota),

and St. Paul (Minnesota). In contrast, the points above the line of

BO=BA represent the near-coastal cities such as Gainesville (Florida),

Corvallis (Oregon), Oxford (Mississippi), and Upper Marlboro (Maryland),

with Fort Collins (Colorado) being an exception. A preliminary study

for the Washington, D.C. area and for the Minneapolis (Minnesota) area

has been made to compare the amplitudes and phase angles of annual

cycles of monthly mean outdoor air temperatures and monthly mean solar

radiation received on the flat surfaces for two cities, as shown in

Fig. 6, with BQ>BA in Washington, D.C. and BCKBA in Minneapolis. Fig. 6

reveals that the Minneapolis area receives slightly more solar radiation

during the summer months of July and August and slightly less from

October to December than Washington, D.C., and has considerably lower

monthly average outdoor air temperature than the Washington, D.C. area

throughout the year. Since earth temperature is dependent on both the

heat exchange with outdoor air and solar radiation, the relation between

BO and BA cannot be explained adequately without including solar effects.

23
EARTH

SURFACE

TEMPERATURE

AMPLITUDE,

°F

(BO)

3 8

AMPLITUDE OF MONTHLY AVERAGE AIR TEMPERATURE ,( B A ), °F

Figure 5 Annual amplitude of monthly average air temperature

vs. annual earth surface temperature amplitude

- 24 -
OUTDOOR

AIR

TEMP.

°F

SOLAR

HEAT

LANGLEYS

PER

DAY

1 —•— WASH., D.C. — — MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

IOO —

Figure 6 Annual cycles of monthly average daily solar

insolation and monthly average outdoor air temperature

for Washington, D. C. and Minneapolis, Minnesota

- 25 -
The phase angles of air temperature cycle PA and those of the

earth surface temperatures PO are also compared graphically in Fig. 7.

The phase angles of annual air temperature cycles are concentrated in

a narrow band of 0.6±0.05 radians regardless of the locality, whereas

the phase angles of the earth surface temperature are scattered in a much wider range than those of air temperature cycles as can be

observed in Fig. 7.

Analytical studies such as made by Lettani-^ for the earth surface

heat exchange with respect to outdoor air, solar radiation, sky

radiation, evaporation, and nighttime outgoing radiation may give

direction to the computation or prediction of BO and PO from the data

for BA and PA which are readily available from local weather records.

26
PHASE

ANGLE

OF

AIR

TEMPERATURE

, PA

,

RADIANS

Figure 7 Phase angle relations between the annual cycles of

monthly average air and earth surface temperatures

- 27 -
The following general conclusions can be drawn from the foregoing

analysis of the data from several selected earth and air temperature

stations

(1) Except near mountain ranges there is a strong tendency

toward equality among the annual average air temperatures,

TA, the annual average earth temperature, A, and deep ground

water temperature, TW. In other words, the annual average

ground temperature, A, can be reasonably well estimated by

TA or TW.

(2) With somewhat less accuracy, earth temperature amplitude at

the undisturbed surface (BO) can be approximated by the

amplitude of the annual cycle of monthly average air

temperature (BA)

(3) The phase angles of the earth surface temperature cycles do

not show a definite correlation with that of annual air

temperature cycles. The annual air temperature cycles of

various cities in the United States are all approximately

in phase with the minimum occurring about at the beginning

of February.

28
7 . Calculations of Earth Temperatures

Having developed values for annual average earth temperature, A,

the earth surface temperature amplitude, BO, and phase angle, PO, by

least-squares technique from the observed data, and knowing the thermal

diffusivity, D, of the soil which has been calculated from the leastsquares constants at several depths, it was possible to calculate the

earth temperature by equation (3). Such calculations were performed

with the data of Tables ST-1 through 63 using the arithmetic average

of the thermal diff usivit ies determined by amplitude and phase angle

methods. The lower portion of ST tables shows the calculated

temperatures for all of the observed depths. The calculations were

performed with the use of equation (3) by employing the parameter

values indicated at the bottom of the ST tables. The agreement

between the calculated and the observed are generally satisfactory,

in most instances, particularly at greater depths. The probable

reasons for the greater discrepancy between the calculated and the

observed earth temperature near the earth surface are described in

Section 5.

29
In many instances, it may be desirable to have a rough

approximation of undisturbed earth temperature at a given depth or at

several depths where all or some of the constants, A, BO, and PO, and

the thermal diffusivity are unknown. As indicated in the previous

section, A can be closely approximated by the annual average air

temperatures TA, but BO and PO are not closely predictable from air

temperature amplitude BA, and phase angle PA, The thermal

dif fusivities may be determined for a given soil by laboratory test

or may be computed by handbook values of thermal conductivity, density

and specific heat if the type of soil and its moisture content are

known.

The STA tables show computed monthly earth temperatures for all of

the 63 earth temperature stations, for depths of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ft,

using temperature characteristics, such as A, BO, and PO, taken from the

corresponding ST table when available, or otherwise approximated by the

air temperature data, and for an arbitrarily chosen thermal diffusivity

of 0.025 ft2 /hr, which is an approximate median of all of the thermal

dif fusivities derived from the observed earth temperature data. In

order to examine the effect of thermal diffusivities other than

0.025 ft2 /hr upon the earth temperature, the STA tables also include

calculated August earth temperatures for the same depths and same

values of A, BO and PO but with diffusivities of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and

0.04 ft2 /hr in addition to 0.025 ft2 /hr.

30
8 . Integrated Average Temperature of Upper 10-ft Stratum

Although the earth temperature distribution with respect to depth

is important for the accurate numerical calculation of heat transfer

2 / for underground protective shelters,- simplified analytical solutions

currently ava il ab 1 e— ^ require only an average earth temperature

surrounding the shelter at the time of entry. This simplification

is employed principally because the heat conduction problem becomes

very complicated for complex initial temperature conditions.

By integrating equation (3) with respect to x from the

surface to depth L, an average temperature t^ can be obtained for

this range of depths as follows:

31
By denoting

/e'2 ^ - 2 cos ge'P + 1

1 - e"p (cos 0 - sin 3)

>

equation (8) can be reduced to the following expression

(9)

The integrated average t^ for o<x< L can then simply be evaluated by

knowing 3 in addition to A, BO and PO, since T and cp are functions of 3

alone. Fig. 8 shows T and cp as a function of 3 in order to assist in

making the calculation of the integrated average temperature. Fig. 9

shows the computed August and February earth temperature plotted

against depth for Lexington, Kentucky. The integrated average values

are also illustrated at 10-ft, 16-ft, and 20-ft depths.

Contemporary underground fallout shelters have approximately 3-ft

earth cover over the roof, and their ceiling heights are usually in the

range of 7 ft to 10 ft. The temperature of earth surrounding the

shelter is usually affected little during the 14-day occupancy

period, beyond a region that extends outwardly 5 ft from the shelter

2 / walls including the floor.—

32
T)

a)

u

60

4) 4JC

00

a)

i-i D

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CVJ

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CVJ o

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CVJ

o

S3aniva3dW3i Hiav3 asivmonvo

-34

DEPTH

L,

FT.

Figure

9

Calculated

earth

temperature

and

Integrated

depth

average

earth

temperature

plotted

against

depth

from

the

surface

In

August

and

February

for

the

station

al

Lexington,

Kentucky
Thus, the maximum depth to be considered for contemporary shelter

heat conduction analysis is approximately 20 ft from the surface. The

earth temperatures studied in this report are, however, the monthly

averages which will be considerably lower during the summer than the

daily averages particularly near the surface. Thus, the integrated

average temperature from surface to 10-ft depth, instead of 20-ft

depth, is arbitrarily selected to represent a reasonable earth

temperature criterion for protective shelter heat conduction. Fig. 9,

however, shows that the average temperature of the upper 20 feet of

earth is about 6 degrees lower than for the upper 10 feet of earth

in the month of August for Lexington, Kentucky.

In studying summer shelter environment in the United States,

integrated average August earth temperatures from surface to 10-ft

depth are, therefore, of the greatest importance. On the other hand,

it is also important to know the lower end of earth temperature cycle

for the winter occupation of shelters, in which case the integrated

February earth temperatures from the surface to 10-ft depth may be

valuable. The maximum and minimum values of the integrated average

earth temperatures of the upper 10-ft layer of earth are probably most

useful from the standpoint of the underground shelter heat transfer

analysis. Table 4 was, therefore, prepared to summarize annual maxima

and minima of calculated 10-ft depth average earth temperatures for all

of the earth temperature stations analyzed in this paper. Also listed

in Table 4 are the annual maxima and minima of monthly average air

temperatures observed at weather stations nearby the earth temperature

35
stations. The annual maxima and minima of the monthly average air

temperature, however, occur for months of July and January, respectively,

which are both one month ahead of the maxima and minima of earth

temperatures. Although most of the air temperature data are based upon

thirty years' norm (1921-1950), the earth temperature values in Table 4

are derived from records of only a few years' duration. Thus a good

correlation between the annual maximum of the average earth temperature

to maximum air temperature, or that between the minima, cannot be

expected from these data.

Since all of the monthly earth temperatures in Table 4 and in

Tables STA 1-63 have been calculated for the thermal diffusivity of

0.025 ft3 /hr, the computations were also made of the August earth

temperature at five different thermal dif fusivities for the purpose of

comparison as shown in the lower part of Tables STA 1-63. It is

interesting to note that the integrated averages of earth temperature

for the upper 10 ft of earth are not greatly affected by the variation

of earth thermal dif fusivities . A diffusivity change from 0.02 ft /hr

to 0.04 ft2 /hr, for instance, affects this integrated average earth

temperature by approximately 2°F, whereas the same factor of 2 change

in thermal diffusivity from 0.01 ft2 /hr to 0.02 ft2 /hr affects the

integrated average temperature by 3°F to 4°F. Unless the soil is

extremely dry or highly insulative, however, the in-situ earth thermal

diffusivity is generally higher than 0.015 ft /hr, as seen from the

values on Tables STA 1-63.

36
Table 4 Annual maxima and minima of air temperature and

Integrated average earth temperature from surface

ST

No,

to 10-ft depth

Earth TemD. Station Air Temp. Station Maximum

Air a Earthb Minimum

1 Auburn, Ala. Montgomery, Ala. 81 74 49 56

2 Decatur, Ala. Huntsville, Ala.^ 81 71 43 48

3 Tempe, Ariz. Phoenix, Ariz. 90 81 50 59 4 Tucson, Ariz. Tucson, Ariz. 86 85 50 65

5 Brawley, Calif. Yuma , Ariz. 95 90 55 68

6 Davis, Calif. Sacramento, Calif. 75 76 44 56

7 Ft. Collins, Colo. Denver, Colo. 72 63 29 37

8 Ft. Collins, Colo. Denver, Colo. 72 63 29 37

9 Ft. Collins, Colo. Denver, Colo. 72 64 29 36 10 Gainesville, Fla. Orlando, Fla. 82 80 62 69 11 Athens, Ga

Athens, Ga

81 77 45 57

12 Tifton, Ga. Albany, Ga. 83 80 51 62

13 Moscow, Idaho Idaho Falls, Idahoe 69 57 16 37 14 Argonne, 111. Chicago, 111. 75 64 25 38

15 Lemont, 111. Chicago, 111. 75 65 25 39 16 Urbana, 111. Springfield, 111. 76 67 27 39 17 Urbana, 111. Springfield, 111. 76 68 27 42

18 West Lafayette, Ind

South Bend, Ind. 71 66 25 38

19 Burlington, Iowa Burlington, Iowac 77 71 24 38 20 Manhattan, Kans

Concordia, Kans. 80 69 28 41

21 Lexington, Ky. Lexington, Ky. 76 68 33 42

22 Lexington, Ky. Lexington, Ky. 76 70 33 46

23 Upper Marlboro, MdWashington, D.C. 77 70 36 42

24 East Lansing, Mich. East Lansing, Mich. c 71 63 24 37

25 East Lansing, Mich. East Lansing, Mich. c 71 64 24 38 26 East Lansing, Mich. East Lansing, Mich. c 71 63 24 37

27 East Lansing, Mich. East Lansing, Mich. c 71 63 24 37

28 East Lansing, Mich. East Lansing, Mich. c 71 63 24 37

29 St. Paul, Minn. Minneapolis, Minn. 74 62 15 34

30 State Univ., Miss. Meridian, Miss. 81 79 48 55

31 Faucett, Mo. Springfield, Mo. 78 65 33 43

32 Kansas City, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. 81 66 30 42

33 Sikeston, Mo. Springfield, Mo. 78 71 33 43

34 Bozeman, Mont. Billings, Mont. 73 56 23 33

35 Bozeman, Mont. Billings, Mont. 73 56 23 32

36 Huntley, Mont. Billings, Mont. 73 64 23 36

37 Lincoln, Nebr

Lincoln, Nebr. 79 69 24 39 38 Lincoln, Nebr. Lincoln, Nebr. 79 68 24 38

39 Norfolk, Nebr. Norfolk, Nebr. 76 66 19 40

40 New Brunswick, N.J. Newark, N.J. 75 65 32 42

41 Ithaca, N.Y. Syracuse, N.Y. 73 59 26 39 42 Ithaca, N.Y. Syracuse, N.Y. 73 59 26 39 43 Raleigh, N. Car. Raleigh, N. Car. 79 73 41 52 44 Columbus, Ohio Columbus, Ohio 74 65 30 41

45 Coshocton, Ohio Columbus , Ohio 74 64 30 40

46 Barnsdall, Okla. Oklahoma City, Okla. 82 74 37 54 47 Hominy, Okla. Oklahoma City, Okla. 82 74 37 52

48 Lake Hefner, Okla. Oklahoma City, Okla. 82 77 37 51

49 Pawhuska, Okla. Oklahoma City, Okla. 82 74 37 50

50 Ottawa, Ont. Ottawa , Ont .

68 59 12 36

51 Corvallis, Or eg. Eugene, Oreg. 67 66 38 46

52 Pendleton, Oreg. Pendleton, Oreg. 75 67 31 39 53 Calhoun, S. Car. Columbia, S. Car. 81 76 47 52

54 Union, S. Car. Columbia, S. Car. 81 70 47 48

55 Madison, S. D. Huron, S. D. c 75 61 14 33

56 Jackson, Tenn. Oak Ridge, Tenn. 78 71 38 49

57 Temple, Texas Waco, Texas 86 82 47 58

58 Temple, Texas Waco, Texas 86 83 47 59

59 Salt Lake City, Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 78 63 29 40

60 Burlington, Vt

Burlington, Vt. 70 63 18 35

61 Pullman, Wash. Walla Walla, Wash.c 76 60 32 36

62 Pullman, Wash. Walla Walla, Wash.c 76 58 32 38 63 Seattle, Wash. Seattle, Wash. 65 61 39 45

Remarks

a

Unless otherwise stated, all the air temperature data are thirty year norm

(1921-1950) airport data published in Technical Paper No. 31, U. S. Weather

Bureau Publication 1956.

b. Earth temperatures shown are integrated average from surface to 10 ft depth calculated by observed earth temperature characteristics, each as average, amplitude and phase angle and earth thermal diffusivity of 0.025 ft^/hr for most of the stations.

c. City office air temperature data instead of airport data.

d. Climatological Standard normals of 1931-1960 instead of 1921-1950 norm.

e. Exact location of air temperature station unknown.

f. Air temperature data from Penrod!/- 37 -
18 / Car ter—

shows extensive field records of temperature, moisture,

and thermal properties of seven earth temperature and moisture

measurement stations in the Tennessee Valley Area. Carter's data show

that the field thermal dif fusivities for various types of soil ranged

from 0.016 ft2 /hr of clay to 0.045 ft2 /hr of clay-sand with the

majority being in the neighborhodd of 0.025 ft2 /hr, with the moisture

content of from 20 percent to 40 percent.

9 . Conclusions

Extensive analyses have been made on earth temperature data from

63 stations located in fifty different areas throughout the United

States. Annual cycles of monthly average earth temperatures have been

used to study and correlate their annual averages, amplitudes, phase

angles and thermal dif fusivities

It has been found that simplified heat conduction theory based upon

the simple harmonic presentation of earth temperature provides an

acceptable approximation of the monthly average earth temperatures at

various depths. The thermal dif fusivities computed by the amplitude

and phase lag methods are in reasonably good agreement for most of the

earth temperature data. The thermal dif fusivities computed in these

analyses from the data for Lexington, Kentucky, and Argonne, Illinois,

are compatible with those computed by Penrod^^and Carson,—

respectively

38
The tabulated data for the observed monthly average earth

temperature for different localities can serve as a general guide in

estimating earth temperatures in the vicinities of those particular

stations. A monthly average earth temperature at a given point can

be calculated by simple equation (3) if annual average earth temperature

(AO), amplitude and phase angle of the ground surface temperature (BO),

and (PO), and the thermal diffusivity are previously known. The

influence of the thermal diffusivity upon the integrated average earth

temperature to a depth of 10 ft is not too critical in that uncertainty

O by a factor of two in the diffusivity from 0.02 to 0.04 ft /hr produces

only about 2°F change in average temperature for the month of August.

This analysis indicates that the annual average earth temperature

in the range studied is invariant with respect to depth and is very

closely approximated by the annual average air temperature or by

Collin's ground water temperature map, shown in Fig. 1.

The temperature data analyzed in this report are, however, not

extensive enough to provide a good statistical or functional correlation

of ground surface temperature amplitude and the phase lag with respect

to climatological and site characteristics of the earth temperature

stations.

39
An adequate analysis of heat transfer in underground structures

requires information on earth temperature distribution from the surface

to a depth of about 10 ft. Very few of the data compiled in this

report cover more than a 6-foot depth from the surface. The extensive

calculation of ear-fch temperatures for depths of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ft

and the integrated depth average for all of the earth temperature

stations employed in this paper have been based on the temperature

characteristics derived from the observed monthly average earth

temperatures and selected thermal diffusivity of 0.025 ft /hr. Annual

maxima and minima of the upper 10- ft earth temperature are summarized

in Table 6 of this paper. Until more comprehensive and substantial

data are made available in the future, the values of Table 6 may

serve as tentative design criteria for analyzing the heat transfer of

underground structures.

40
10 . Recommendations ; Although a considerable amount of earth temperature data have been

compiled during this study, deep earth temperature data (to the depth

of more than 3 ft) are conspicuously missing from most of the southern

and western states as seen from Fig. 1. Establishment of new earth

temperature stations in these regions is clearly needed.

The following suggestions should be considered in selecting earth

temperature stations for future studies related to the design requirements for shelters:

(1) Earth temperature sites should be close to local weather

stations where simultaneous observations of air temperature,

rainfall, solar radiation and other pertinent records are

kept.

(2) Earth should be bare or covered with short grass. If possible,

two sites should be chosen at the same relative location;

one grass-covered and one bare.

(3) Soil composition and dry density should be determined and the

moisture content should be checked at intervals during the

period of study.

(4) Enough observations should be taken during the day to obtain

a good daily average temperature, particularly at depths less

than 3 ft.

(5) At least three years of continuous data are needed.

(6) Temperatures should be observed at five or more depths, at

least three of which should be in excess of 5 ft.

41
11 . Appendix: Discussion of Least-Squares Technique

Numerous papers are available with respect to the calculation of

earth temperature. Recent papers of Penrod Carson,—and

Langbeinii^are , however, noteworthy from the standpoint of their

distinctly different approaches. Penrod^ developed equations of a single harmonic term to describe the annual ground temperature cycles

of Lexington, Kentucky, and Ottawa, Ontario. Car soni^!/ described the

hourly and monthly earth temperatures of Argonne, Illinois, by a Fourier series of six harmonics.

Langbeinil/ has shown a method of predicting the earth temperature

at a point as a weighted function of antecedent temperatures at the

ground surface using the probability integral function.

Examination of Carson's workl^/ reveals that as much as 99.8 and

as little as 93% of the total variance of the annual cycle are accounted

for by the first harmonic. In this paper, therefore, equations of

simple harmonics of the following type have been developed to describe

the monthly earth temperature at several depths using a least-squares

fitting technique:

t = A - B cos (a)@ - P) A-l

42
where t = monthly average ground temperature at a point for a given time

A = annual average earth temperature, °F

B = annual amplitude of the earth temperature, °F, at a given

depth

cu = angular velocity corresponding to the annual cycle, radian/hr

0 = elapsed time from January 1, hr

P = phase angle of the earth temperature at a given depth, radian

The values of A, B, and P have been so determined in this analysis that

the following least-squares relationship has been satisfied:

N 2

S = 2 (t - tjr) "* minimum

K=1

A-2

where t^ =» observed earth temperature at a given point and for a given

time

and N = total number of observed data at a given point

The standard deviation of the least-squares fit values from the

observed temperatures is designated and calculated by the following

relation:

SD = J A

43
Any time series, such as earth temperature data, consisting of a finite number of equally spaced data points can be completely accounted

for by a finite number of sine and cosine terms in a Fourier Analysis.

This was done exactly by Carson^^ for the analysis of a monthly

average and daily average earth temperature series consisting,

respectively, of 12 and 24 equally spaced data points in Argonne,

Illinois. An examination of Carson's results indicates that the

higher harmonics of Fourier series have a very minor contribution

to the description of the annual cycle for all the depths. It should

be noted, however, that the higher harmonics show a considerable

influence upon the diurnal earth temperature equations for all the

depths, regardless of the time of year. Since the annual variation

of the monthly average temperature is of a greater interest than the

diurnal variation for the purpose of shelter design, the use of the

higher harmonics is not warranted. It is hypothesized therewith that

any deviation of monthly average soil temperature data from simple

harmonic time function is statistical rather than functional. And it

is also assumed that the constants A, B, and P of equation A-l for a given temperature point are independent of the year when the data are

taken; namely, they are the intrinsic properties of the particular

point.

44
One of the purposes of this study is then the determination of A,

B, and P at several depths of earth for many soil stations throughout

9 / the United States* Compared with the technique employed by Penrod—

for the determination of B and P, the least squares technique developed

here is fundamentally more straightforward, simpler, and requires no

human judgment. The method is better suited for a machine calculation.

The comparison of the least squares technique with the Fourier

analysis or harmonic analysis technique is most interesting. Such

discussion is, however, beyond the scope of this report except that

the Fourier analysis uses the earth temperature data as time dependent

variables (single valued), whereas the least squares technique uses

the earth temperature data as time dependent variates which are random

in nature and multi-valued.

The Langbein techniquei^^is of different nature and beyond the

scope of this discussion.

45
Using the symbols listed in the Nomenclature section of this

report, a quantity, S, is defined by relation A-2 such that

N

3

S = E ( t - A + B cos (cuq - P)^) A

K-l V K K '

where N does not have to be 12 or its multiples. A, B, and P are

determined by solving simultaneously the following equations

dS

Tk 0

dS

dB 0 A

The following notations are now introduced:

- E t_

o K

QLIK= E t cos u)Q

K

a

2 = 2 tK

sin a«

K

^

» E cos U)©

K

A

?

2 - S sin U)9k

« E cos

2

- E sin2

=» E sin cos u)Q

^5 K K

46
Relations A- 2 become then

O' - NA + B (£- cos P 4- sin P) =* 0

o 1 ^

(<* - A| ) cos P + (^

2 - A^) sin P

= - B (§. cos

2

P 4- sin2

P + sin 2P)

(«1 - A^) sin P - (<*

2 - A?

2

) cos P

=> B l^

5

cos 2P - (?

3

- 5^) sin P cos P

j

By noting that

?

1 " ?

2 = 0

Wf when 0

R

- *=L T, K- 1,2,

l

5 = °

A-7

,N A

where T =* period of the cyclic data, one obtains

A = N

B ~ J(£

t

R

cos ^

K

) 2 + (s sin

and P = tan

-1 ^ s ^- n ^1 A

£ tjr COS

An advantage of the least squares technique employed in this

analysis is that it does not require conditions A-8. Thus, the earth

temperature observation for certain months could be completely missing

whereas some other months may have several observations. Although

the determination of A, B and P for this procedure is much more

complicated than those expressed by A-9, an iterative solution of

A-7 is readily obtained by an electronic computer *

47
The iterative solution of A-7 is actually unnecessary if the

expression of A-4 is modified so that the normalized least squares

equation A-5 are all made linear with respect to linearized variables.

It is also possible to add one more partial derivative term such

95 ~

= (J to A-5 and solve it together with the rest of the linear normal

equations. In this way it is possible to find a single (not two)

thermal diffusivity that will satisfy the least squares requirement

together with other least squares constants such as A, B and P.

Further work is in progress along this line and will be discussed

in a forthcoming report.

48
12. REFERENCES

1. Symposium on Survival Shelters, ASHRAE, June 25-27 , 1962, Miami

Beach, Florida.

2. Achenbach, P. R. and Kusuda, T. , Numerical Analysis of the Thermal

Environment of Occupied Underground Spaces with Finite Cover Using

a Digital Computer, Trans., ASHRAE, Vol. 69, 1963, pp. 439-452.

3. Drucker, E. F. and Haines, J. T. , A Study of Thermal Environment

in Underground Survival Shelters Using an Electronic Analog

Computer, ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 6, No. 7, July 1964, pp. 81-84.

4. Fitton, E. M. and Brooks, C. F., Soil Temperature in the United

States, Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 59, January 1931.

5. Jen-Hu Chang, Ground Temperature, Vol. I and II, Blue Hill

Meteorological Observatory, Harvard University, Milton, Mass.,

June 21, 1958.

6. History of Soil Temperature Stations in the United States, Key to

Meteorological Records Documentation No. 1.4, U.S. Weather Bureau,

Department of Commerce, 1961.

7. Climatological Data, U.S. Weather Bureau, National Weather Record

Center, Asheville, North Carolina.

8. Penrod, E. B., et al, A Method to Describe Soil Temperature

Variation, J. of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division Proc.

of ASCE, Vol. 84, No. SM 1, February 1958.

9. Penrod, E. B. , et al , Variation of Soil Temperature at Lexington,

Kentucky, from 1952-1956, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin

No. 47, September 1960.

10.

Carson, J. E., Analysis of Soil and Air Temperature by Fourier

Techniques, J. of Geophysical Research, Vol. 68, No. 8, April 15,

1963.

llo Collins, W. D., Temperature of Water Available for Industrial Use

in the United States, U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper

520-F, 1925o

12. Carslaw, H. S. and Jaeger, J. C., Conduction of Heat in Solids,

Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1959, pp. 81-83.

13. Eckert, E. R. G. and Drake, R. M. , Heat and Mass Transfer, McGrawHill Book Co., Inc., New York, Toronto, London 1959, pp. 99-107.

49
14. Langbein, W. B., Computing Soil Temperatures, Trans., American

Geophysical Union, Vol. 30, No. 4, August 1949.

15. Lettan, H. , Theory of Surface-Temperature and Heat-Transfer

Oscillation Near a Level Ground Surface, Trans., American

Geophysical Union, Vol. 32, No. 2, April 1951.

16. Pratt, A. W. and DawS, L. F., Heat Transfer in Deep Underground

Tunnels, National Building Studies Research Paper 26, Department

of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1958, London.

17. Guide and Data Book, 1964 Application Volume, Section III, Chapter

30, Survival Shelters, pp. 333-352.

18. Carter, C. L., Soil Temperature, Moisture Content, and Thermal

Properties, Tennessee Valley Area 1949, 1950 and 1951, Bulletin

No. 15, June 1951, Engineering Experiment Station, The University

of Tennessee, Knoxville.

50
Annual average earth temperature and amplitude plotted

against depth

Earth temperature phase angle plotted against depth

Figures ST-1 to

ST-19

Figures SP-1 to

SP-19
.

' *•
00

80

60

40

30

20

10

8

6

4

3

2

I

i—T

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

BA

_ EARTH STATION:

DECATUR,

AIR STATION:

HUNTSVILLE

ALABAMA

, ALABAMA

Fig. ST-1

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
100

80

60

40

30

20

10

8

6

4

3

2

I

! r—i—

-1

r~r—i—i i

i r~

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

i •

TA

EARTH STATION:

FORT COLLINS, COLORADO

AIR STATION:

DENVER , COLORADO

Fig. ST-4

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

DEPTH, INCHES
100

80

6 0

40

30

20

10

8

6

4

3

2

I

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

(B)

EARTH a AIR STATIONS:

BURLINGTON, IOWA

Fig. ST-6

20 4 C 60 80 IGl 140

DEPTH, INCHES
100

80

60

40

30

20

10

8

6

4

3

2

I

* » TA

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

-+ •

- BA

(B)

EARTH STATION:

MANHATTAN, KANSAS

AIR STATION-'

CONCORDIA, KANSAS

Fig. ST-7

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEVPERAT

JR

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

100

80

i n i r l—

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

30 -

BA

EARTH STATION:

ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA

AIR STATION:

ST. CLOUD , MINNESOTA

Fig* ST-10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

DEPTH , INCHES
TEMPERATURE

100

4

3

EARTH STATION:

BOZEMAN, MONTANA

AIR STATION:

BILLINGS , MONTANA

2

Fig. ST-13

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

100

80

60

TA

»-#-» *' 40

tr i—i—i—

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

Li. o

30

BA

2 0 ,

0

8

AMPLITUDE (B)

6

EARTH STATION:

ITHACA, NEW YORK

AIR STATION:

SYRACUSE, NEW YORK

Fig. ST-14

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

10 0

i i I I I

8 0 -

60 - ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

40 -

30

4

3

EARTH STATION:

CORVALLIS, OREGON

AIR STATION:

EUGENE, OREGON

Fig. ST-15

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

100

80

60

I I

AVERAGE (A)

I 0

-

6

4

3

EARTH STATION:

MADISON, SOUTH DAKOTA

AIR STATION:

HURON, SOUTH DAKOTA

Fig. ST-16

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

DEPTH, INCHES
TEMPERATURE

100

3

EARTH STATION:

TEMPLE, TEXAS

AIR STATION:

WACO, TEXAS

2

Fig. ST-18

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH INCHES
00

8 0

60

40

30

2 0

I 0

8

6

4

3

2

I

ANNUAL AVERAGE (A)

TA

BA

(B)

EARTH ft AIR STATIONS:

SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH

Fig. ST-19

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

DEPTH, INCHES
• •

'

«r
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

1.4

EARTH STATION:

DECATUR, ALABAMA

AIR STATION:

HUNTSVILLE , ALABAMA

Fig. SPIOO

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

1.4 —

EARTH STATION:

TEMPE , ARIZONA

AIR STATION:

PHOENIX, ARIZONA

Fig

0

40 60 80

SP-2

100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE

,

RADIANS

1.4

1.2

I .0

0.8

0.6

0.4 EARTH STATION:

BRAWLEY, CALIFORNIA

AIR STATION:

YUMA, ARIZONA

0.2

Fig. SP-3

0

0 20 40 60 80 100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4 EARTH STATION:

FORT COLLINS, COLORADO

air station:

DENVER , COLORADO

0.2

Fig. SP

0 20 40 60 80

-4

100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

0 20 60 80 100

DEPTH INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

1.9

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

Fig

80

SP-9

100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

0 20 40 60 80 100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE.

RADIANS

1.4

I .2

1.0

0.8 —

0.6

0.4 EARTH STATION:

SIKESTQN, MISSOURI

AIR STATION:

SPRINGFIELD , MISSOURI

0.2 —

Fig

0

20 40 60 80

DEPTH, INCHES

SP-12

100
h

A

S

E

ANGLE,

RADIANS

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

0 20 40 60 80 100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

1 .4

EARTH STATION:

0.4 — CORVALLIS, OREGON

AIR STATION:

EUGENE, OREGON

0.2 —

Fig

0 20 40 60 80

DEPTH, INCHES

SP-15

100
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

DE^Th, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE.

RADIANS

1.4

0.4

EARTH STATION:

JACKSON, TENNESSEE

AIR STATION:

OAK RIDGE , TENNESSEE

0.2

Fig.

0

0 20 40 60 80

SP-17

100

DEPTH, INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE

,

RADIANS

1.4 —

0.4

0.2

EARTH STATION:

TEMPLE, TEXAS

AIR STATION:

WACO, TEXAS

Fig,

0 20 40 60 80

DEPTH,

SP-18

100

INCHES
PHASE

ANGLE,

RADIANS

0 20 40 60 80 100

DEPTH, INCHES

Tables ST-1

ST-63

Tables STASTA-63

to Summary of observed earth temperatures, results of

least-squares analysis, and calculated earth

temperatures using the least-squares constants for

all of 63 earth temperature stations

to Calculated earth temperatures for selected depths and

thermal diffusivities , and integrated average

temperature for upper 10-ft earth stratum for 63

earth temperature stations
I

•

.

«. .... u i !-=> '0 * WW . *»|f
ST- l EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACF

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

AUBURN, ALABAMA

SANDY SOIL

UNKNOWN

E. F.FI TTON

REFERENCE! 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1 8 £9

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH1 OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 48.5 50.5 55.2 65.5 72.2 74.0 86.5 82.2 75.5 64.8 52.2 52.0

6.0 48.2 55.5 53.8 64.8 72.0 73. 5 85.8 81.5 75.0 65.2 52.8 51.2

24.0 49.5 50.5 53.8 62.5 70.5 74.2 81.5 80.0 80.8 68.2 58.8 55.0

48.0 52.5 50.5 53.5 59.8 67.2 72.2 77.0 78.0 70.8 70.8 63.5 58.5

96.0 58.0 55.5 55.2 57.2 61.2 67.2 71.0 73.2 75.0 72.5 77.0 63.5

RESLLTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.0 65.0 17.5 C. 56 3.0

6.0 65. 0 16.6 C. 56 3.4

24.0 6 5.5 16.1 C. 77 2.0

48.0 64.6 12.8 C. 91 1.7

96.0 65.6 10.5 1.53 2.6

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 48.4 50.7 56.5 65.0 73.2 79.4 81.6 79.4 73. 1 64.9 56.4 50.5

6.0 48.7 50.8 56.4 64.6 72.7 78.9 81.3 79.2 73.2 65.2 56.9 51.0

24.0 50.9 51.8 56.0 62.8 70.1 76. 1 79.1 78.3 73.8 67. 1 59.6 53.8

48.0 53.6 53.3 55.9 61.1 67.2 72.9 76.3 76.7 73.9 68.8 62.5 57.0

96.0 58.3 56.7 57.1 59.7 63.6 68.1 71.5 73.3 72.8 70.2 66.2 61.9

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =65.0,80=17.0, PC=0. 49 ,D=.047
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 1 AUBURN* ALABAMA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED 1EPTHS

FOR DI FEUS IVITY=0. 025* A = 63.0 ,B0= 17.0 AND P0= 0.49

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A . 0 51.9 52.3 55.9 62. 1 68.9 74.9 78.1 77.7 73.9 67.8 60.7 55.0

48.0 55.5 54.5 56.2 60.4 65.6 70.9 74.4 75.5 7 3.7 69.6 64. 1 59.0

72.0 58.5 56.8 57.2 59.7 63.5 67.9 71.3 73.2 72.7 70.3 66.3 62.1

96.0 61.0 59.0 58.5 59.7 62.3 65.7 68.8 71.0 71.5 70.2 67.5 64.2

120.0 62.9 60.9 59.9 60.3 61.9 64.4 67.0 69. 1 70. 1 69.7 68.0 65.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 56.5 55.7 57.2 60.9 65.6 70.2 73.4 74.3 72.7 69. 1 64.2 59.7

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 76.5 77. 5 77.7 77.9 78.2

48.0 72.8 74.9 75.5 75.9 76.5

72.0 69.6 72.4 73.2 73.8 74.6

96.0 67. 1 70. 1 71.0 71.7 72.8

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

65.6 68. 1 69. 1 69.9 71.1

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

71.7 73. 7 74.3 74.8 75.5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST- 2

DEC ATUR* ALABAMA

SILT LOAM

GRASS

US WEATHER R.C.

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1949-195L

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

A * 0 39.6 45.3 47.2 55.2 67.0 72.4 75.0 71.9 67.5 61.5 41. 1 35.4

12.0 43.7 45.2 46.7 54.6 67.6 76. 3 77.1 75.9 70.8 64.9 51.6 44.5

24.0 42.8 43.8 46.9 51.3 60. 1 68. 5 70.3 73.3 68.2 62.3 53.6 45.4

48.49.2 46.8 49.8 52.5 59.2 67.2 71.3 76.8 72.9 68.6 59.8 51.4

72.0 51.4 50.9 51 . 1 52.8 58.1 62.9 67.

72.3 69.0 69.4 65.9 59.4

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4.0 56.9 18.7 C • 47 3.9

12.0 60. 1 18.0 0.67 3.6

24.0 57. 3 15.1 C. 82 3.0

48.0 60.6 14.1 1.06 3.6

72.0 61.0 10.8 1.37 3.0

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S N D

4.0 39.8 42.7 49.6 59.4 68.8 75.8 78.2 75.4 68.0 58.4 48.8 42.1

12.0 41.3 43.3 49.1 57.9 66.8 73.8 76.6 74.8 68.5 59.9 50.8 44.2

24.0 43.6 44.4 48.7 56. 1 64.1 70.9 74.3 73.7 69.0 61.8 53.6 47.0

48.0 47.8 46.9 49.0 53.9 60.0 66.0 70.0 71.1 68.8 64.0 57.7 51.9

72.0 51.5 49.6 50.1 53.0 57.4 62.4 66.3 68.4 67.8 64.9 60.3 55.5

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =59.0* B0=20. Of P0=0 . 45 ,D = .023
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 2

DECATUR, ALABAMA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 59.

YEAR

0 , BO = 21. 0 AND P0 = 0.45

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A • 0 A 2 • 7 43.5 48.2 56.

64.5 71.7 75.3 74.5 69.5 61.8 53.1 46.2

48.0 47.0 46. I 48.4 53.7 60.3 66. 7 70.9 71.9 69.4 64.2 57.4 51.2

72.0 SO.

48.8 49.5 52.8 57.6 62.9 67.1 69.2 68.4 65.2 60.2 55.0

96.0 53.8 51.5 51.0 52.7 56.0 60.2 64.0 66.5 66.9 65.2 61.8 57.7

120.0 56.2 53.8 52.7 53.3 55.3 58.5 61.6 64.2 65.3 64 • 7 62.5 59.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 48.3 47.5 49.6 54.3 60.1 65.8 69.6 70.5 68.2 63.6 57.6 52.1

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.0 10 0.020 0.025 C.030 0.040

24.0 73. 1 74. 2 74.5 74.7 75.0

48.0 68.7 71.3 71.9 72.4 73.1

72.0 64.8 68. 2 69.2 69.9 70.9

96.0 61.8 65. 4 66.5 67.4 68.7

120.0 59.8 63. 0 64.2 65.2 66.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

ro 10 FT.

67.3 69. 8 70.5 71.1 71.9
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PER I OC OF OBSERVATION

ST- 3

TEMPE, ARIZONA

SANDY SOIL

Cl TRUS GROVE

US WEATHER R.C.

1957-1959

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

AC E ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

8.0 A 9.

53.3 60.6 68.9 73.8 81.9 86.4 86.8 78.7 68.9 55.5 50.1

20.0 54.0 56.1 62.5 69.0 74.3 81.5 86.4 87.1 82.6 73.4 62.0 55.9

39.0 56.7 56.6 60.4 65.0 70.4 77.4 82.6 83.5 81.5 75.0 66.3 60.0

89.0 63.2 61.3 61.1 62.8 68.3 70.9 75.3 77.6 78.2 75.7 71.7 67.3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

8.0 68.0 18.6 C. 53 2.5

20.0 70.5 16.4 0.66 1.9

39.0 69.7 13.7 C. 88 1.1

89.0 69. 5 8.6 1.32 1.3

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

8.0 51.5 53.8 60.0 69.3 78.6 85.7 88.5 86.3 79.6 70.5 61.0 54.2

20.0 53.7 54.7 59.6 67.5 75.9 82.9 86.3 85.3 80.1 72.3 63.7 57.0

39.0 57.0 56.6 59.5 65.5 72.5 79.0 82.9 83.5 80.2 74.4 67.2 60.9

89.0 64. 1 61.9 61.7 63.8 67.5 71.9 75.7 78.1 78.2 76. 1 72.3 68.0

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =70.0, B0=20.0, P0=0.47 ,D=.027
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 3

TEMPE, ARIZONA

CALCULATEC FARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS I VI TY = 0.025, A= 70.0 , B0= 20.0 AND P0 = 0.47

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 54.5 55.2 59.5 66.9 74.9 81.9 85.4 84.9 80.2 73.0 64.7 58.1

48 .0 58.7 57.7 59.8 64. 8 71.0 77. 1 81.2 82.3 80.0 75.1 68.7 62.8

72.0 62.3 60.3 60.9 63.9 68.4 73.6 77.6 79.6 79.0 76.0 71.3 66.4

96.0 65.2 62.9 62.4 63.9 67.0 71.0 74.6 77.1 77.6 76.0 72.8 68.9

120.0 67.4 65.1 64.0 64.5 66.4 69.4 72.4 74.9 76.0 75.5 73.5 70.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 59.9 59.0 60.9 65.3 70.9 76.3 CO o . o 81.0 78.9 74.6 68.8 63.6

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 83.4 84.6 84.9 85.1 85.4

48.0 79.2 81.7 82.3 82.8 83.4

72.0 75.4 78. 7 79.6 80.3 81.3

96.0 72.6 76.0 77.1 78.0 79.2

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

70. 7 73.8 74.9 75.8 77.2

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

77.9 80. 3 00 « o 81.5 82.3
ST- 4

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

TUCSON, ARIZONA

UNKNOWN

BARE

JE N-HU-CHANG

REFERENCE! 5 ) 19 58

1937-1938

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S 0 N D

3.0 53.6 53.9 61.2 75.6 83.2 85.3 80.3 81.1 79.8 77.0 65.5 53.5

12.0 57.6 56.8 61.4 70.5 77.2 83.4 88.6 90.6 88.8 81.6 71.2 61.1

24.0 62.8 61.8 65.3 70.2 76.2 81.4 86.0 8 8.1 87.4 81.8 74.3 65.8

72.0 64.7 62.5 63.4 65.5 70.9 75.6 79.1 82.2 83.0 81.0 75.4 6 8.8

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE! A)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.0 70.9 16.0 C . 52 4.4

12.0 74.2 17.1 C • 87 1.5

24.0 75. 2 13.2 0.96 1 . 1 72.0 72. 7 10.3 1.28 0.8

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 58.0 58.0 62.2 70. 1 79.1 87.2 91.9 92.0 87.5 79. 7 70.5 62.7

12.0 59.6 58.9 62.3 69. 3 77.6 85.5 90.3 91. 1 87.4 80.5 71.9 64.4

24.0 61.5 60.2 62.6 68.5 76.0 83.4 88.3 89.8 87.1 81.4 73.6 66.5

72.0 68. 1 65.4 65.

67.5 71 .8 77. 1 81.7 84.6 84.8 82.4 77.9 72.8

!*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =75.0,B0=18.0» P0=0 . 77 ,D=.039
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

ST A- 4

TUCSON, ARIZONA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVI TY=0.025, 4 = 75.0 , 60= 18.0 AND P0= 0.77

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 62.4 60.8 62.8 68.2 75.3 82.4 87.4 89.2 87.0 81.7 74.4 67.5

48.0 66.6 64.1 64 • 4 67.5 72.6 78.4 83.2 85.9 85.6 82.4 77.2 71.5

72.0 69.9 67.1 66.2 67.7 71.1 75.6 79.9 82.9 83.7 82.2 78.7 74.3

96.0 72.5 69.6 68.2 68.5 70.6 73.9 77.4 80.3 81.8 81.5 79.3 76.1

120.0 74. 3 71.7 70.0 69.6 70.6 72.9 75.6 78.3 80.0 80.4 79.3 77.1

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 67.5 65.3 65.5 68.3 72.8 78. 1 82.3 84.7 84.4 81.6 76.9 71.9

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI F FUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 87.3 88. 8 89.2 89.4 89.8

48.0 82.5 85. 2 85.9 86.5 87.3

72.0 78.7 81.9 82.9 83.7 84.8

96.0 76.3 79. 3 80.3 81.2 82.5

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

74.9 77. 3 78.3 79.1 80.4

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

81.6 CO • o oo • 85.3 86.1
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE GF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST- 5

BRAWLEY, CALIFORNIA

SI LTY CLAY

BARE

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4.0 49.5 55.7 62.8 74.4 78.9 88.2 93.6 94.2 88.3 76.1 63.0 52.8

8.0 55.8 60.5 65.9 76.0 80.6 89.2 95.6 96.4 91.1 81.8 69.2 60.0

12.0 59.2 62.9 67.7 77.0 81.3 89.8 96.0 97.3 93.0 83.6 72.6 63.6

20.0 6 1.5 64.1 67.9 76.1 80.6 87.7 93.6 95.6 92.6 85.0 75.4 66.7

39.0 65.5 65.9 67.6 73.2 77.5 82. 5 88.3 91.2 90. 5 85.8 79. 1 71.5

79.0 72.8 70.9 70.9 72.8 75.7 78. 7 82.7 86.0 87.2 86. 1 82.6 77.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4.0 73. 2 21.5 C . 61 3.0

8.0 76.9 19.4 0.70 2.6

12.0 78.8 18.2 C. 75 2.3

20.0 79.0 16.3 C. 84 1.9

39.0 78.2 12.8 1.08 1.5

79.0 78.7 8.3 1.48 0.8

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S 0 N D

4.0 60.0 61.4 67.2 76.5 86.1 94.2 97.9 96.6 90.4 81.4 71.4 63.7

8.0 61.0 61.9 67.1 75. 7 85.0 93.0 96.9 96. 1 90.6 82.1 72.5 64.9

12.0 61.9 62.4 67.0 75.1 84.0 91.8 96.0 95.6 90.7 82.7 73.6 66.1

20.0 63.8 63.5 67.0 74.0 82.2 89.6 94.1 94.6 90.7 83.8 75.4 68.2

39.0 67.8 66.2 67.8 72.5 78.8 85.3 90.0 91.8 90.1 85.4 78.9 72.6

79.0 74.4 71.7 70.9 72.2 75.3 79.5 83.4 86.2 87. 1 85.7 82.5 78.5

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =79.0,B0=20.0, P0=0.60 ,D=.019
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 5

BRAWLEY, CALIFORNIA

CALCULATEC EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSI VI FY =0.025 , A = 79.0 «• CP o II

: 20. C AND P0= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 64.0 63.6 67.1 73.9 82.0 89.4 93.9 94.4 90.7 83.9 75.6 68.5

48.0 68.4 66.6 68.0 72.3 78.4 84.8 89.4 91.4 89.9 85.6 79.3 73.2

72.0 72. 1 69.6 69.5 72.0 76.2 81.4 85.7 88.4 88.4 86.0 81.5 76.6

96.0 75.0 72.3 71.3 72.4 75.1 79.0 82.8 85.7 86.7 85.6 82.7 78.9

120.0 77.2 74.6 73.1 73.2 74.8 77.6 80.7 83.4 84.9 84.8 83. 1 80.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 69.6 68.0 69.2 73.1 ->i oo • •

00 88.3 90.0 f- »

00 00 84.8 79.3 73.8

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FEUS I V IT I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 92.7 94. 1 94.4 94.7 95.0

48.0 87.9 90.7 91.4 91.9 92.7

72.0 83.9 87.4 88.4 89.1 90.2

96.0 81.1 84. 5 85.7 86.6 87.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

79.4 82.3 83.4 84.3 85.8

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

86.7 89. 3 90.0 90.6 91.5
ST- 6

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

DAVIS, CALIFORNIA

RECENT ALLUVIUM

UNCROPPED

E. M.FITTON

REFERENCE { A

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1925-1927

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S

0.5 48.0 51.1 58.4 6 3.2 74.8 82.0 90.6 86.0 77.4

3.0 48.2 49.9 5 5.2 61.9 72.9 78.9 86.6 83.2 76.4

6.0 48.8 50.2 54.5 60.9 72.0 78.0 87.2 84.5 79.4

12.0 48.5 50.2 5 3.7 60.2 70.8 76.4 84.4 83.0 77.2

24 .0 53.2 51.9 5 4.6 59. 7 68.4 72.9 82.8 82.8 78.2

36.0 51.2 51.4 54.3 60. 1 68.8 72.9 80.8 82.5 78.6

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! 9

)

PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

0.5 67.9 19.4 C • 63 2.2

3.0 66.2 19.2 0.67 1.4

6.0 67.0 18.3 C. 79 1.5

12.0 65.9 17.4 0.78 1.3

24.0 66.9 15.2 C • 97 1.5

36.0 66. 3 15.4 0.93 1.3
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 6

DAVIS, CALIFORNIA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DI FFUS I V I T Y = 0.025 . A = 6 6. 0 , B0~= 19. 0 AND P0= 0.63

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 51.9 51.3 54.4 60.8 68.4 75. 5 80.0 80.7 77.4 71.1 63.3 56.4

48.0 56. 1 54.3 55.4 59.4 65.1 71.2 75.7 77.7 76.5 72.5 66.6 60.8

72.0 59.6 57.1 56.9 59. 1 63.1 68.0 72.2 74.8 75.0 72.8 68.7 64.0

96 .0 62.4 59.7 58.7 59.6 62.1 65.8 69.4 72.2 73.3 72.4 69.7 66.1

120.0 64.4 61.9 60.5 60.4 61.9 64. 5 67.4 70.1 71.6 71.5 70.0 67.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 57.2 55.5 56.5 60. 1 65.2 70.6 74.6 76.4 75.4 71.8 66.6 61.3

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FFUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C.030 0.040

24.0 79.0 80.4 80.7 81.0 81.3

48.0 74.4 77. 0 77. 7 78.3 79.0

72.0 70.6 73.9 74.8 ? 5.6 76.6

96.0 67.9 71. 1 72.2 73.1 74.4

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

66.3 69.0 70. 1 70.9 72.3

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

73.3 75.7 76.4 77.0 77.8
ST- 7

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

FT. COLL INS, COLO.

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E. N.FITTON

REFERENCED)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1 8 E9- 192 7

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 27.7 29.6 36.5 46.0 56.5 66.7 71.4 69. 3 61. 1 48.3 36.7 29.7

6.0 29.3 30.6 37.1 47.4 56.6 67.0 71.9 70.4 62.8 50.8 39.0 30.2

12.0 32.8 31.1 36.6 45.5 55.8 65. 5 70.9 70.1 63.7 52.3 40.7 33.2

24.0 32.9 32.7 36.8 45.

53.3 62. 5 68.5 68.8 64.0 54.4 43.7 36.5

36.0 35.4 32.6 37.1 43.6 51.1 59. 1 65.2 66.6 63.4 55.5 46.0 38.9

72.0 42.5 40.5 40.8 44.2 48.8 54.2 59.2 61.8 62.0 58.0 52.1 46.5

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE! A) AM PL I T UDE ( B

)

PHASE ANGLE

P ) DEVIATION

3.0 48.4 22.1 C . 58 1.2

6.0 49.5 21.9 C. 61 1.2

12.0 50.0 20.4 0.69 1.5

24.0 50.0 18.6 C. 78 0.9

36.0 49.6 16.6 0.90 0.8

72.0 50.9 10.9 1.21 0.5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 7

FT. COLLINS, COLO.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS I VI TY = 0.025, A= 50.0 , BO^ 24. C AND P0= 0.54

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S U N D

24.0 31.7 31.8 36.4 45.0 54.7 63.3 68.2 68.2 63.2 54.8 44.9 36.6

48.0 36.9 35.1 37.2 42.8 50.1 57.7 63.0 64.9 62.6 57.1 49.5 42.2

72.0 41.2 38.6 38.8 42. 1 47.3 53. 5 58.6 61.4 61.1 57.9 52.4 46.4

96.0 A 4 • 8 41.7 40.8 42.3 45.8 50. 6 55.0 58.3 59.2 57.6 54.0 49.3

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

47.4 44.4 42.9 43.2 45.3 48.7 52.4 55.6 57.1 56.8 54.6 51.2

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

38.3 36.8 38.6 43.6 50.1 56.8 61.5 63.2 61.2 56.3 49.5 43.1

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFU S I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 66.3 67. 9 68.2 68.5 68.9

48.0 60.9 64. 0 64.9 65.5 66.3

72.0 56.2 60. 3 61.4 62.3 63.6

96.0 52.8 56.9 58.3 59.3 60.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

50.6 54. 2 55.6 56.7 58.4

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.4 62. 3 63.2 63.9 64.9
ST- 8

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CE SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PER I CC OF OBSERVATION

FT. COLLINS, COLO.

UNKNOWN

GRASS

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE FERENC E { 5

)

1958

19C6-1946

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 28. 1 30.2 37. 1 47.1 56.8 67.2 72.6 70.3 61.7 49.0 37.2 30.2

6.0 29.4 31.0 3 7.4 47.8 57.0 67.3 72.3 71.1 63.3 51.2 39. 1 31.7

12.0 30.7 31.6 37.2 47.3 56.4 66. 1 72.1 71.2 64. 4 53.1 41.2 33.8

24.0 33.3 3 3.2 37.3 45.8 54.2 63.2 69.6 69.8 64.7 55.1 44.4 37.0

36.0 36. 1 35.4 3 7.8 44.5 52.1 60. 1 66.6 68.0 64.6 56.6 47.2 40.0

72.0 4 3. 1 41.2 41.5 44.9 49.9 55.8 61.1 63.9 63.5 59. 3 53.3 47.4

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

3.0 49. 1 22.2 C. 58 1.3

6.0 50.0 21.8 0.61 1. 1 12.0 50. 5 21.1 0.67 1.0

24.0 50.7 18.9 C. 78 0.9

36.0 50.8 16.5 0.90 0.8

72.0 52. 1 11.6 1.19 0.4

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 26.7 29.3 37.0 48.7 60.3 69.5 73.3 70.8 62.5 51.1 39.1 30.4

6.0 27.4 29.6 36.9 48.1 59.5 68.6 72.6 70.5 62.7 51.7 40.0 31.3

12.0 28.8 30.3 36.6 47.0 57.8 66.8 71.2 69.8 63.0 52.9 41.7 33.0

24.0 31.5 31.7 36.4 45. 1 54.9 63.6 68.4 68.4 63.2 54.7 44.7 36.3

36.0 34. 1 33.2 36.6 43.8 52.4 60.6 65.8 66.8 63.1 56. 1 47.1 39.2

72.0 40.8 38.2 38.6 42.1 47.6 53.9 59.0 61.8 61.3 57.8 52.1 46.0

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =50.0,B0=24.0,PQ=0.54 ,D».027
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 8

FT, COLLINS, COLO.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFU$IVITY=0.025, A = 50.0 ,80= 24.0 AND P0 = 0.54

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 31.7 31.8 36.4 45.0 54.7 63.3 68.2 68.2 63.2 54.8 44.9 36.6

48.0 36.9 35.1 37.2 42.8 50.1 57.7 63.0 64.9 62.6 57.1 49.5 42.2

72.0 A 1 • 2 38.6 38.8 42.1 47.3 53.5 58.6 61.4 61.1 57.9 52.4 46.4

96.0 44.8 41.7 40.8 42.3 45.8 50.6 55.0 58.3 59.2 57.6 54.0 49.3

120.0 47.4 44.4 42.9 43.2 45.3 48.7 52.4 55.6 57.1 56.8 54.6 51.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 38.3 36.8 38.6 43.6 50.1 56.8 61.5 63.2 61.2 56. 3 49.5 43.1

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSI VI T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 66.3 67. 9 68.2 68.5 68.9

48.0 60.9 64.0 64.9 65.5 66.3

72.0 56.2 60. 3 61.4 62.3 63.6

96.0 52.8 56.9 58.3 59.3 60.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

50.6 54. 2 55.6 ^6.7 58.4

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.4 62. 3 63.2 63.9 64.9

k
ST- 9

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OP SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

FT. COLLINS, COLO.

LOAM

SPARSE VEGETATION

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 19 E0-1961

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE UN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 27.8 31.4 38.5 51.7 61.8 71. 1 78.8 77.7 66. 1 53.7 38.1 31.9

6.0 28.4 31.8 38.1 53.2 61.7 70.7 78.7 77.9 66.9 54.9 40.3 33.0

12.0 28.8 31.4 36.0 49.6 58.1 66.4 75.0 74.7 65.0 53.9 40.6 33.8

24.0 32.33.0 36.5 48.0 55.9 63.4 71.1 71.8 65.4 56. 1 44.4 37.2

36.0 34.7 34.5 36.6 46. 1 53.7 60.3 68.2 69.9 65.5 57.5 47.3 40.0

72.0 42.3 40.2 40.2 44.2 49.2 54.6 60.6 64. 1 63.9 59. 3 52.9 46.7

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

FACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE { P

)

DEVIATION

3.0 52.5 25.2 C. 58 3.6

6.0 53. 1 24.7 0.60 3.0

12.0 51.2 22.8 C. 66 2.6

24.0 51.3 19.9 0.77 2.1

36.0 51.3 17.8 C. 89 1.9

72.0 51.6 12.1 1.21 0.9

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 24.8 27.6 35.9 48.5 61.2 71.1 75.2 72.5 63.5 51.2 38.3 28.8

6.0 25.6 28.0 35.7 47.8 60.2 70.1 74.4 72.1 63.7 51.9 39.3 29.8

12.0 27.1 28.7 35.5 46.6 58.3 68.1 72.8 71.4 64.1 53.2 41.2 31.8

24.0 30.2 30.3 35.3 44.6 55.0 64.4 69.7 69.7 64.3 55.3 44.5 35.5

36.0 33.1 32.1 35.6 43. 1 52.3 61. 1 66.7 67.9 64.2 56.7 47.2 38.8

72.0 40.6 37.7 37.9 41.4 47.1 53.7 59.2 62.3 62.0 58.5 52.6 46.2

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A! -50.0,60 = 26.0, POO. 54 ,0=.025
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA- 9

FT. COLLINS, COLO.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR D I F FUS I V I T

=0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 50.

YEAR

0 , BO = 26. 0 AND P0= 0.54

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 30.2 30.3 35.3 44.6 55.0 64.4 69.7 69.8 64.3 55.2 44.4 35.4

48.0 35.8 33.9 36.1 42.2 50.2 58.3 64.0 66. 1 63.7 57.7 49.4 41.6

72.0 40.5 37.6 37.9 41.4 47.1 53.8 59.3 62.4 62.0 58.5 52.6 46.1

96.0 44.3 41.0 40.0 41.7 45.5 50.6 55.5 59.0 59.9 58.3 54.3 49.3

120.0 47.2 43.9 42.3 42.6 44.9 4 8.6 52.6 56.0 57.7 57.4 55.0 51.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 37.3 35.7 37.6 43.0 50.1 57.4 62.5 64. 3 62.2 56.9 49.5 42.5

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSI VITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS IV IT I ES

SURFACE ( IN) 0.0 10 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 67.7 69. 4 69.8 70. 1 70.5

48.0 61.8 65. 2 66. 1 66.8 67.7

72.0 56.7 61. 1 62.4 63.3 64.7

96.0 53.0 57. 5 59.0 60.1 61.8

120.0 50.7 54. 6 56.0 57.2 59. 1 INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

60.2 63.4 64.3 65.1 66. 1
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BYDATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-10

GAINESVILLE, FLA,

SAND

SOC

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

19 60-1961

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 60.4 62.9 69.5 76.2 86.2 86. 1 88.1 86.6 83.7 77.7 70.9 61.1

4.0 5 9.9 61.4 67.7 74.3 80.5 83. 5 86.0 85. 1 82.2 76.6 69.8 59.9

8.0 59.5 60.3 63.8 72.8 79.3 82.9 85.7 85.0 82.4 76.6 69.8 60.0

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE! P)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 75.9 14.0 C. 52 2.9

4.0 74.0 13.2 C • 59 2.4

8.0 73. 3 13.7 0.67 2.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-10

GA INESVILLE,FLA.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED LEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS I V I T Y= 0.025 , A H • 0 * BO-= 10. 0 AND P0 = 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 6 6.5 66.3 68.0 71.5 75.5 79.2 81.4 81.7 79.8 76.5 72.3 68.7

48.0 68.7 67.8 68.5 70.7 73.7 76.9 79.2 80.2 79.4 77.3 74.2 71.1

72.0 70.6 69.3 69.3 70.5 72.6 75.2 77.4 78.7 78.7 77.5 75.3 72.8

96.0 72.0 70.6 70.2 70.7 72.1 74.0 75.9 77.3 77.8 77. 3 75.9 74.0

120.0 73. 1 71.8 71.1 71. 1 71.9 73. 3 74.8 76.2 76.9 76.9 76.0 74.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 69. 3 68.5 69.1 71.0 73.7 76.6 78.6 79.5 78.8 76.9 74.1 71.4

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FEUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

SURFACE! IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 8C.8 81. 5 81.7 81.8 82.0

48.0 78.5 79. 8 80.2 80.5 80.8

72.0 76. 5 78. 2 78. 7 79.1 79.6

96.0 75.0 76. 8 77.3 77.8 78.5

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

74.2 75.6 76.2 76.7 77.4

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

77.9 79. 1 79.5 79.8 80.2
ST-11

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE GF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ATHENS, GA.

SA EDY LOAM

THIN GRASS

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1 9 £0-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

URFACEI IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 44.8 51.7 52.4 60.0 76.0 80.9 83.7 82.4 78.4 70.5 58.7 45.8

4.0 44. 1 51. 3 51.8 60.0 75.2 79.9 83.2 81.6 77.8 69.5 58.1 46.3

8.0 46.2 52.8 54. 1 61.2 75.5 80. 6 83.6 8 3.5 80.0 72.4 60.3 49.4

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) AVERAGE! A) AMPL ITUDE ! B

)

PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 65.4 20.1 t . 66 3.0

4.0 64. 9 19.7 0.66 2. 9

8.0 6 6.6 19.1 C . 70 2.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION ATHENS, GA

STA-11

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DI FFUS IVITY=0.025, A = 67.0 , B0= 18.0 AND P0= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) JFMAMJJASOND

2A.0 53.5 53.1 56.3 62. A 69.7 76. A 80.

80.9 77.5 71. A 6A.0 57.5

A8.0 57.5 55.9 57.1 61.0 66.

72.2 76.

78. 1 76. 8 72.9 67.3 61.7

72.0 60.8 58.5 58.5 60.7 6A.5 69. 1 73.0 75.

75.5 73.3 69.3 6A.8

96.0 63. A 61.0 60.1 61.0 63.5 67.0 70.

73.0 73.9 72.9 70.3 66.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

65. A 63.0 61.7 61.8 63.2 65.7 68.5 71.0 72.3 72.2 70.7 68.2

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

58.5 57.1 58.2 61.7 66.5 71.6 75.3 76.9 75.7 72.3 67.2 62.3

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C. 030 O.OAO

2A.0 79.3 80. 6 80.9 81.1 81. A

A8.0 75.0 77. 5 78.1 78.6 79.3

72.0 71.

7A. 5 75. A 76.1 77. 1 96.0 68.9 72. 0 73.0 73.8 75.0

120.0 67.3 69.9 71.0 71.8 73.1

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 7 A .

TO 10 FT.

76.2 76.9 77.

78.2
ST-12

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

OATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

TI FTON t GA

LOAMY SAND

GRASS

JEN-HU-CHANG

REFERENCE! 5)

1958

1954-1955

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) JFMAMJJASG

3*0 47.5 51.5 65.0 74.8 85.5 90.2 89.5 89.8 83.0 69.8

6.0 54.9 57.2 64.8 74.6 78.5 83.5 85.2 86.0 80.0 74.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE (IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPL ITUDE ( B ) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

3.0 71. 1 22.5 C. 40

6.0 71.4 16.0 0.50

N D

56.2 49.5

62.2 54.5

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.4

2 . 1
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION T I FTON # GA

STA-12

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVI TY =0.025 t A = 71. 0 9 60-= 16. 0 AND P0 = 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURF AC E I I N ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 59.0 58.7 61.4 67.0 73.4 79. 3 82.9 83.3 80.3 74.9 68.3 62.6

48.0 62.5 61.1 62.2 65.7 70.5 75.6 79.3 80.9 79.7 76.2 71.2 66.3

72.0 65.5 63.5 63.4 65.4 68.8 72.9 76.4 78.5 78.5 76.6 73.0 69. 1 96.0 67.8 65.6 64.9 65.7 67.9 71.0 74.1 76.3 77. 1 76.3 74.0 70.9

120.0 69.5 67.5 66.3 66.4 67.6 69.9 72.3 74.5 75.7 75.6 74.3 72.1

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 63.5

TU 10 FT.

62.2 63.1 66.3 70.6 7 5. 1 78.4 79.8 78.8 75. 7 71.2 66.8

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE t IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 81.9 83. 1 83.3 83.5 83.8

48.0 78.1 80.3 80.9 81.3 31.9

72.0 74.9 77.7 78.5 79.1 80.0

96.0 72.7 75.4 76.3 77.1 78.1

120.0 71.3 73.6 74.5 75.3 76.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

77.2 79.2 79.8 80.3 81.0
ST-13

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BYDATA SOURCE

MOSCOW, IDAHO

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E. H.FITTQN

REFERENCE ( 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1898-1901

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S a N D

3.0 30.8 28.8 34.4 41.2 51.2 58.0 64.1 67.5 54.6 47.8 40.8 33.8

6.0 3 1.8 30.2 34.6 42.9 48.6 56.0 63.6 65.4 56.8 50.5 41.6 34.6

9.0 32.8 31.0 35.0 45.9 48.9 54.8 62.9 64.9 57.5 51.8 42.8 36.4

12.0 38.2 32.8 35.4 44.7 48.4 54.8 62.2 64.3 58. 1 52.2 43.6 37.4

24.0 35.8 34.5 36.2 44.5 47.5 52.9 59.2 62.5 58.2 53.2 45.8 39.2

36.0 37.8 36.2 37.0 40.5 46.2 50. 1 55.9 60.0 57.8 53.8 48.0 41.6

48.0 39.8 38.0 38.0 40.5 45.4 48.8 53.7 58.1 57. 1 53.8 48.8 43.4

60.0 40.8 39.5 38.8 40.6 44.6 47.5 51.8 56.3 56.5 54.0 49.6 44.6

72.0 42.8 40.« 39.6 41.5 4 4.6 47. 1 50.6 54.7 55. 5 54.0 51.6 46.2

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVER AGE ( A

)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.0 46.2 17.6 C . 73 2.2

6.0 46.5 16.6 C . 80 1.6

9.0 47. 1 15.6 0.82 1.9

12.0 47.8 14.3 C • 88 2.1

24.0 47.5 13.1 C • 96 1.4

36.0 47. 1 11.4 1. 15 0.9

48.0 47.2 9.9 1.26 0.8

60.0 47. 1 8.8 1. 38 0.8

72.0 47.5 7.7 1.52 0.7

CALCULATED EARTH

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACEIIN) J F M

TEMPERATURES AT

MONTH OF YEAR

A M J

OBSERVED

J A

DEPTHS!*)

S 0 N D

3.0 30. 1 30.3 34.7 42.7 51.5 59. 5 63.8 63.7 59.0 51.2 42.0 34.4

6.0 30.8 30.7 34.7 42.3 50.8 58.6 63.1 63. 3 59.0 51.6 42.7 35.3

9.0 31.5 31.1 34.8 41.9 50.2 57.8 62.4 62.9 59.0 52.0 43.4 36.1

12.0 32.2 31.6 34.8 41.6 49.5 57.1 61.7 62.5 58.9 52.3 44.

36.8

24.0 34.8 33.3 35.3 40.5 47.4 54.3 59. 1 60.7 58.5 53.4 46.3 39.6

36.0 37.2 35.1 36.0 40.0 45.7 51.9 56.7 58.9 57.8 53.9 48.0 42.0

48.0 39.3 36.8 37.0 39.8 44.5 50.0 54.5 57.1 57.0 54.1 49.3 44.0

60.0 41.2 38.5 38.0 39.9 43.6 48.4 52.6 55.5 56.0 54. 1 50.2 45.6

72.0 42.8 4C.0 39.1 40.2 43.1 47. 1 51.0 53.9 54.9 53 o 8 50.8 46.8

(») BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =47.0,B0=18.0,PC=0.73 ,D=.019
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION MOSCOW, I OAHO

STA-13

CALCULATEC EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DI FFUS IVI TY=0.025, A^= 47.0 , BO^ 18.0 AND P0= 0.73

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 34.2 32.9 35.

40.7 47.8 54.9 59.7 61.1 58.6 53. 1 45.8 39.0

48.0 38.3 36.0 36.5 39.8 45.0 50.9 55.5 58.0 57.4 54. 1 48.7 43.1

72.0 41.6 38.9 38.3 39.9 43.4 48.0 52.2 55. 1 55.7 54.0 50.4 45.9

96.0 44.2 41.5 40.2 40.6 42.8 46. 1 49.6 52.5 53.9 53.4 51. 1 47.8

120.0 46.0 43.5 42.0 41.6 42.7 45. 1 47.8 50.4 52. 1 52. 4 51.2 48.9

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 39.3 37.2 37.6 40.6 45.2 50.4 54.6 56.8 56.3 53.3 48.5 43.5

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED 0 1 F FUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 59.3 60. 8 61.1 61.4 61.8

48.0 54.6 57. 3 58.0 58.5 59.3

72.0 50.9 54. 1 55. 1 55.8 56.9

96.0 48.4 51.5 52.5 53.3 54.6

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

47.0 49.4 50.4 51.3 52.6

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

53.7 56. 1 56.8 57.3 58.2
ST-14

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ARGONNE, ILLINOIS

SANDY CLAY

PASTURE GRASS

J.E. CARSON

R E FERENCE (10)

1963

1953-1935

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURF AC E l IN) J F M A M J J A S C N D

C. 24.0 29.3 33.6 49.4 57.4 68.9 73.6 71.3 64. 1 53.2 37.6 26.4

0.4 3 1.7 32.5 3 7.6 50. 1 60.7 72.0 78.0 76.0 67.2 56.5 42.6 33.7

3.9 3 1.8 32.1 36.5 48.9 59.7 71.3 77.1 75.2 66.6 56.4 42.5 33.6

7.9 32.9 32.5 36.4 47.8 58.1 69.2 75.2 74.1 66.8 57.3 44.2 35.0

19.7 35.8 34.5 37.0 45.7 55.0 64.8 70.9 71.6 66.7 59. 1 47.9 38.9

39.4 40.0 37.9 38.6 43.9 51.6 59. 5 65.9 68. 1 66.0 60.6 52.2 44.5

120.0 50.3 47.7 45.8 45.3 47.0 50. 1 53.9 57.3 59.2 59.2 57.3 54. 1 348.0 52.3 52.4 52.5 51.9 51.5 51.2 50.6 5C.7 51.0 51.3 51.6 52.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVER AGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE < P

)

DEVIATION

0 . 49.2 24.7 C. 60 3.2

0.4 53.3 23.7 C . 65 1.9

3.9 52.8 23.4 0.66 2. 1 7.9 52.6 22.2 C. 72 1.8

19.7 52.4 19.1 0.86 1.4

39.4 52.5 15.3 1.07 1.0

120.0 52.3 7.0 1.85 0.5

348.0 51.6 0.9 4.08 0.3

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0 . 28.3 29.4 3 5.8 46.7 58.4 68.5 73.6 72.7 65.7 55.1 43.0 33.4

0.4 28.4 29.4 35.8 46.6 58.3 68.3 73.5 72.6 65.8 55.2 43. 1 33.5

3.9 29.3 29.9 35.8 46.0 57.3 67.2 72.5 72. 1 65.8 55.8 44. 1 34.6

7.9 30.3 30.5 35.7 45.4 56.3 66. 1 71.5 71.6 65.9 56.4 45.2 35.8

19.7 33.2 32.3 36.0 44.0 53.6 62.8 68.6 69.8 65.7 57.9 47.9 39.1

39.4 37.7 35.3 37.0 42.5 50.1 58.2 64.1 66.6 64.8 59.4 51.5 43.7

120.0 49.3 46.1 44.2 44.0 45.7 48.8 52.5 55.8 57.8 58.0 56.2 53.1

348.0 51.7 51.8 51.6 51.3 50.9 50.6 50.3 50.2 50.4 50.7 51.1 51.4

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =51.0»B0=23.0,PC=0.70 ,D=.026
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-14

ARGONNE, ILLINOIS

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS I VI TY=0.025, A = 51.0 , bO= 23.0 AND P0= 0.70

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 34.4 33.0 36.2 43.5 52.6 61.6 67.4 69.0 65.6 58.4 48.9 40.3

48.0 39.6 36.9 37.7 42.2 48.9 56.3 62.2 65. 1 64. 1 59.7 52.8 45.6

72.0 43.9 40.5 39.9 42.2 46.7 52.6 57.9 61.4 62. 1 59.8 55.0 49.3

96.0 47.2 43.8 42.2 43.0 45.8 50.2 54.6 58.2 59.8 59.0 56.0 51.8

120.0 49.6 46.4 44.5 44. 2 45.7 48.7 52.2 55.5 57.6 57.8 56.2 53.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 40.9 38.4 39.2 43.2 49.1 55.7 60.9 63.6 62.7 58.8 52.6 46.2

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I F FU S I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVIT IES

SURFACE! IN) 0.0 10 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 66.7 68. 5 69.0 69.3 69.8

48.0 60.9 64. 2 65.1 65.8 66.7

72.0 56.2 60. 2 61.4 62.3 63.7

96.0 53.0 56.9 58.2 59.3 60.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

51.1 54. 3 55.5 56.6 58.3

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.7 62.6 63.6 64.3 65.3
ST-15

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

OATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

LEMONT, ILLINOIS

UNKNOWN

GRASS

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE FERENCE ( 5

)

1958

19 52-1954

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

FACE (IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0.4 3 1.2 32.8 37.8 48.9 59.9 73.4 76.2 75.1 66.5 57.4 42.4 33.8

3.9 31.3 32.4 36.8 47.5 58.7 72.9 75.8 74.7 65.9 57.5 43.3 34.0

7.9 32.4 32.8 36.8 46 .

57.1 70.4 74.2 73.4 66. 1 58.2 45.0 35.6

19.7 35.2 34.8 37.2 44.3 54.0 65.6 70.6 71.0 66.3 59.6 48.6 39.4

39.4 39.8 37.8 38.7 43.4 50.6 59.8 65.7 67.6 65.8 60.6 52.0 44.4

120.0 50.2 47.4 45.8 45.2 46 • 6 49.7 53.5 56.8 58.7 58.6 56.0 53.6

348.0 52.2 52.2 52.1 51.8 51.3 51.0 50. 1 50.2 50.5 50.8 51.4 51.9

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPLITUDEtB) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

0.4 53. 1 23.4 C. 66 1.4

3.9 52.7 23.2 C. 69 1.5

7.9 52.5 21.9 C. 74 1.3

19.7 52.4 19.0 C. 88 0.9

39.4 52.2 15.3 1.08 0.6

120.0 51.9 6.8 1.84 0.4

348.0 51.3 1.0 4.14 0.1

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0.4 29.2 30.9 37.7 48.8 60.4 70.1 74.7 73.2 65.9 55.0 43.1 33.8

3.9 30.1 31.3 37.6 48.2 59.5 69. 1 73.8 72.8 66.0 55.6 44.0 34.8

7.9 31.0 31.7 37.5 47.5 58.5 67. 9 72.9 72.3 66.1 56.3 45.0 35.9

19.7 33.6 33.2 37.5 46.0 55.8 64.9 70.2 70.8 66. 1 57.8 47.7 39.0

39.4 37.7 36.0 38.2 44.3 52.3 60.4 66.1 68.1 65.6 59.5 51.3 43.4

120.0 49.3 46.1 44.4 44. 7 46.9 50.6 54.5 57.9 59.6 59.2 56.9 53.3

348.0 53.0 52.9 52.6 52.2 51.7 51.3 51.1 51.1 51.4 51.8 52.4 52.7

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =52.0,BQ=23.0, P0=0.65 ,D=.030
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-15

LEMONT, ILLINOIS

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY=0.025, A= 52.0 ,B0= 23.0 AND P0= 0.66

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE I IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 35. 1 34.1 37.6 45.2 54.3 63. 1 68.7 69.9 66. 1 58. 7 49.2 40.7

48.0 40.3 37.8 38.9 43.6 50.4 57.8 63.5 66.2 64.9 60.3 53.2 46.0

72.0 44.6 41.4 41.0 43.5 48.2 54.0 59.2 62.6 63.0 60.5 55.6 49.9

96.0 47.9 44.6 43.2 44. 1 47.1 51.5 55.9 59.4 60. 8 59.9 56.7 52.4

120.0 50.3 47.2 45.4 45.2 46.9 50.0 53.5 56.8 58.7 58.8 57.0 54.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 41.6 39.4 40.4 44.6 50.6 57.2 62.2 64.6 63.5 59.4 53. 1 46o 7

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI F FUS I V I TI E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SURF AC E I IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 67.7 69. 5 69.9 70.2 70.7

48.0 62.0 65. 3 66.2 66.8 67.7

72.0 57.4 61.4 62.6 63.5 64.8

96.0 54. 1 58. 1 59.4 60.4 62.0

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

52.2 55. 5 56.8 57.8 59.5

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

60.8 63. 7 64.6 65.3 66.3
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED' BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-16

URBANA, ILLINOIS

SI LT LOAM

BLUEGRASS SOD

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

19 £0-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACEIIN) JFMAMJJASGND

4.0 33.7 33.4 38.4 50.7 63.0 73.1 77.0 76.8 71.4 62.7 46.8 35.6

8.0 34.4 34.2 38.3 49.8 61.6 71.6 75.9 73.4 71.5 60.0 48.1 37.4

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SQUARES ANALYSIS

STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE { A ) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

4.0 55.4 23.5 2.9

8.0 54. 8 22.0 2.5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

ST A- 16

URBANA, ILLINOIS

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSI VITY =0.025

MONTH

t A

OF

= 53.

YEAR

0 * B0 := 25. 0 AND P0 = 0.62

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE l I N ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 34.4 3 3.7 37.8 46.3 56.3 65.7 71.5 72.3 67.8 59.5 49.2 40.2

48.0 39.9 37.5 39. I 44.4 51.9 59.9 65.9 68.5 66.8 61.5 53.7 46.0

72.0 44.6 41.3 41.1 44.0 49.3 55.7 61.2 64.7 64.8 61.9 56.4 50.2

96.0 48.2 44.7 43.4 44.6 48.0 52.8 57.6 61.2 62.6 61.4 57.8 53.1

120.0 50.9 47.6 45.7 45.7 47.6 51. 1 54.9 58.4 60.3 60.3 58.2 54.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 41.4 39.2 40.6 45.4 52.0 59. 1 64.4 66.8 65.2 60.5 53.6 46.7

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 70.

71.9 72.3 72.7 73.1

48.0 64. 1 67. 5 68.5 69.1 70.1

72.0 59. 1 63.4 64.7 65.6 67.0

96.0 55.5 59.8 61.2 62.4 64.1

120.0 53.4 57.0 58.4 59.6 61.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

62.6 65. 8 66.8 67.5 68.6
ST-17

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

URBANA, ILLINOIS

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E.M.FITTON

REFERENCED)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1913-1915

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

AC E I IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 29.2 29.5 39.8 51.0 63.0 72.6 78.2 76.2 69.0 55.5 42.2 32.1

3.0 31.0 30.6 39.5 50.6 62.2 72.2 77.8 75.8 69.0 56.8 43.0 33.4

6.0 32.6 31.5 39.3 A9.2 60.5 70.5 75.8 74.8 68.8 57.0 44.0 35.0

9.0 33.2 33.0 39.2 A8 • 7 59.8 69.4 74.7 74.0 68.6 57.4 45.2 36.0

12.0 3 A. 0 33.2 38.6 A8. A 58.8 68.0 73.8 73.2 68.2 58.0 46.2 37.4

24.0 37.6 37.1 38.6 A 7 . 1 55.

62.6 68.5 69.7 66.7 59.5 50.6 42.7

36.0 A 1 .38.8 AO. 1 A6.0 53.6 60.3 66.0 67.8 66. 1 60.7 53.0 45.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE! A) AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

1.0 53. 3 25.0 C. 62 0.9

3.0 53.6 24.2 C. 64 0.9

6.0 53.4 22.7 0.69 0.9

9.0 53.4 21.7 C.7i 0.7

12.0 53.2 20.9 0.75 0.6

24.0 53. 1 16.8 C. 91 0.5

36.0 53.3 14.6 1.04 0.3
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-I7

URBANA, ILLINOIS

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025, A = 55.0 , BO- 24.0 AND P0= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 37.0 36.5 40.7 48.9 58.5 67.5 72.9 73.5 69.0 60.9 51.0 42.4

48.0 42.3 40.1 41.7 47.0 54.2 61.9 67.5 69.9 68.1 62.9 55.4 48.0

72.0 46.7 43.7 43.6 46.6 51.7 57.8 63.1 66.3 66.3 63.4 58.1 52.1

96.0 50.2 47.0 45.8 47.0 50.3 55.0 59.6 63.0 64.2 62.9 59.4 54.9

120.0 52.8 49.7 48.0 48.0 50.0 53.3 57.0 60.3 62.1 61.9 59.9 56.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 43.7

TO 10 FT.

41.8 43.2 47.9 54.3 61.1 66.1 68.2 66.6 62.0 55.3 48.8

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 71.4 73. 1 73.5 73.8 74.2

48.0 65.7 69.0 69.9 70.5 71.4

72.0 60.9 65. 1 66.3 67.2 68.5

96.0 57.5 61.6 63.0 64.1 65.7

120.0 55.4 58.9 60.3 61.4 63. 1 INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

64.3 67. 3 68.2 6 8.9 70.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-18

WEST LAFAYETTE, IND

SI LT LOAM

FESQUE GRASS

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

19 62

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE(IN) J F M A M J J

2*0

A • 0

8.0

29.3 29.5

48.0

33.7 46.5

47.4

66.7 74.5

64.4 72.

63.5 71.4

74.3 75.6

75.7

72.5 73.7

66.2 57.0

66.5 57.7

66.7 58.8

42. L 30.

Q

43.0 32.1

45.6 35.9

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) phase angle(P)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 52.7 25.2 C . 60 2.6 4.0 52. 5 25.4 0.67 1.9 8.0 53.4 21.9 C . 69 2.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

ST A- 18

WEST LAFAYETTE, INO

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR D1FFUS I VI TY =0.025 A = 52. o CD o = 26. 0 AND P0= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 32.5 32.0 36.5 45.4 55.8 65.5 71.3 72.0 67.2 58.4 47.6 38.3

48.0 3 8.-2 35.9 37.6 43.4 51.2 59. 5 65.5 68. 1 66.2 60.5 52.4 44.4

72.0 43.0 39.8 39.7 42.9 48.4 55. 1 60.7 64.2 64.3 61.1 55.3 48.8

96.0 46.8 43.3 42.0 43.4 47.0 52.0 57.0 60.7 62.0 60.6 56.8 51.9

120.0 49.6 46.2 44.4 44. 5 46.5 50.2 54.2 57.7 59.7 59.5 57.3 53.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 39.8 37.7 39.2 4 4.3 51.3 58.7 64.0 66. 3 64.6 59.6 52.4 45.2

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C.030 0.040

24.0 69.8 71.6 72.0 72.4 72.8

48.0 63.6 67.2 68.1 68.8 69.8

72.0 58.4 62.9 64.2 65.2 66 • 6

96.0 54.7 59. 2 60.7 61.8 63.6

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

52.5 56. 2 57.7 58.9 60.8

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

62.0 65. 3 66.3 67.1 68.2
ST-19

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE GF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

BURLINGTON, IOWA

SILTY LOAM

CULTIVETED

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 30. 1 30.9 36.9 56. 1 71.5 81.3 84. 7 86.4 74.7 61.0 43.7 31.6

2.2 29.8 30.8 36.9 56.8 72.1 82. 5 86.2 87.8 76. 1 63. 1 44.4 31.7

4.0 30.6 31.2 36.8 55.6 70.9 81.2 85.1 86.5 75.7 62.2 44.5 32.2

8.0 31.8 31.4 35.7 51.4 66.2 75. 7 81.1 83.7 74.7 62.1 46 • 1 34.4

20.0 35.2 33.0 35.3 44.9 58.6 68.2 73.1 75.0 71.7 61.7 48.9 39.6

40.0 4 1.5 38.5 38.4 43.1 54.0 62. 7 67.7 71.9 71.0 64.2 54.6 45.9

72.0 47.2 43.2 42.2 42.8 47.4 53.9 60.5 65.2 67.1 64.4 59.7 52.6

RESLLTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 57. 5 29.9 C. 61 3.4

2.2 58.3 30.7 0.62 3.3

4.0 57.9 29.8 C. 63 3.2

8.0 56.3 27.2 C.72 2.8

20.0 53.9 21.8 0.88 2. 1 40.0 54.6 17.3 J . 1

1.9

72.0 54.0 12.5 1.54 1.0

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 24.4 27.5 37.2 51.9 66.8 78.6 83.6 80.6 70.2 55.8 40.5 29.2

2.2 24.8 27.7 37.1 51.6 66.3 78.0 83.1 80.4 70.3 56.2 41. 1 29.8

4.0 25.5 28.0 36.9 51.0 65.5 77.2 82.5 80.1 70.5 56.7 41.8 30.6

8.0 26.9 28.7 36.7 49.9 63.8 75.4 81.0 79.4 70.7 57.9 43.5 32.4

20.0 31.0 30.9 36.5 47.2 59.4 70.4 76.8 77.1 71.0 60.6 48.0 37.4

40.0 37.4 35.1 37.6 44.6 53.9 63.6 70.4 72.9 70.2 63.2 53.6 44.3

72.0 45.6 41.7 41.1 43.9 49.2 56.1 62.2 66.2 66.9 64. 1 58.4 51.8

»> BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =54.0,B0=30.0,P0=0.57 , D=.019
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

ST A- 19

BURLINGTON, IOWA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED LEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVI TY=0.025, A= 54.0 ,60= 30.0 AND P0= 0.57

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 31.3 31.1 36.6 47. 1 59.1 70. 1 76.5 77.0 71.0 60.7 48.3 37.7

48.0 37.8 35.4 37.7 44.5 53.6 63. 1 69.9 72.6 70. 1 63.4 53.9 44.7

72.0 43.4 39.8 39.9 43. 8 50.2 58.0 64.4 68.2 68.0 64.2 57.4 49.9

96.0 47.7 43.8 42.5 44.2 48.5 54.4 60.0 64.2 65.5 63.7 59.3 53.5

I2C.0 51.0 47.2 45.2 45.4 47.9 52.2 56.8 60.8 62.9 62.6 59.9 55.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 3 9.6 37.5 39.5 45.5 53.7 62.

68.2 70.5 68.3 62.3 53.9 45.8

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) C.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 74.5 76. 5 77.0 77.3 77.8

48.0 67.5 71.5 72.6 73.4 74.5

72.0 61.6 66.7 68.2 69.3 70.9

96.0 5 7.3 62. 5 64.2 65.5 67.5

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

54.7 59. 1 60.8 62.2 64.3

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

65.7 69. 4 70.5 71.4 72.7
ST-20

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE GF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

MANHATTAN, KANSAS

SI LTY CLAY LOAM

BLUE GRASS

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1 9 £0-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4.0 29.5 32.9 3 9.6 51.4 66.2 76.5 80.0 79.4 71.0 60.3 45.3 36.0

48.0 42.4 4C • 1 41.8 46.9 55.0 64.6 68.3 70.6 69. 6 64. 7 57.0 49.5

72.0 47.3 44.2 44.0 4 6.6 52.3 60. 1 63.5 66.5 67. 1 64.4 59.4 53.5

96.0 51.7 46.2 4 5.2 46. 3 50.3 56. 7 59.7 63. 1 64.3 63. 0 59.6 54.9

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4.0 55.8 25.5 C . 66 2.1

48.0 56.0 15.5 1. 10 1.3

72.0 55. 8 11.8 1. 33 1.1

96.0 55.2 9.4 i. 54 1.2

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS ( *

)

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S 0 N D

4.0 30.2 32.0 39.4 51.5 64.2 74.7 79.7 78. 1 70.0 58.3 45.2 35.2

48.0 41.9 39.3 40.8 46. 1 53.6 61.8 67.9 70.6 69. 1 6 3. 8 56.0 48.1

72.0 46. 8 43.4 43.0 45. 8 50.9 57.3 62.9 66.5 66.9 64.1 58.8 52.5

96.0 50.6 47.0 45.6 46. 5 49.7 54.4 59.2 62.9 64.5 63.4 60. 1 55.5

!*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =55.0*80=26.0, P C = 0 . 6 1 ,D=.022
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-20

MANHATTAN, KANSAS

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVITY=0.025, A= 55.0 , B0^= 26.0 AND P0= 0.61

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.35.6 34.9 39.3 48.2 58.6 68.4 74.3 75.1 70.3 61.6 50.8 41.5

48.0 41.3 38.9 40.6 46.2 54.0 62. 3 68.5 71.1 69.2 63.7 55.6 47.5

72.0 46. 1 42.8 42.6 45.8 51.3 57.9 63.6 6 7.2 67.3 64.2 58.4 52.0

96.0 49.9 46.3 45.0 46. 3 49.9 54.9 59.9 63.6 65.0 63.6 59.9 55.0

120.0 52.7 49.3 47.4 47.4 49.5 53. 1 57.1 60.7 62.6 62. 5 60.4 56.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 42.8 40.7 42.2 47.2 54.1 61.5 67.0 69.3 67.7 62.7 55.5 48.4

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FFUS I VI T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 72.8 74. 6 75. 1 75.4 75.9

48.0 66.5 70. 1 71.1 71.8 72.8

72.0 61.4 65.8 67.2 68.2 69.6

96.0 57.7 62. 1 63.6 64.8 66.5

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

55.4 59. 2 60.7 61.9 63.8

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

65.0 68. 3 69.3 70.1 71.2
ST-21

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY • DATA SOURCE

LEXINGTON, KY.

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E. N. F IT TON

REFERENCE ( 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1922-1927

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.0 32.7 35.5 42.

56.0 62.8 74.6 77.1 76.7 73. 1 58.3 45.6 39.2

A .0 20.4 17.3 35.4 49.8 55.6 69.4 75.4 74.6 63.3 55.8 37.6 24.4

18.0 36.3 35.9 41.5 52.0 57.5 67.8 70.6 73.4 70.2 59.8 49.

41.1

36.0 4 1.8 40.5 44.0 50.3 56.2 65.8 70.5 73.4 68.8 62.0 53.9 47.5

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

3.0 56.3 22.6 C. 64 1.8

4.0 48.4 28.0 C. 64 3.5

18.0 54.7 18.8 C. 79 1.5

36.0 56.3 15.8 0.94 0.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-21

LEXINGTON, KY.

CALCULATED FARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY

DEPTH BELOW

=0.025

MONTH

» A

OF

= 55.0

YEAR

' ,80= 23. 0 AND P0= 0.60

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 37.7 37.3 41.3 49.2 58.4 67.0 72.1 72.7 68.4 60.7 51.1 42.9

48.0 42.8 40.8 42.3 47.3 54.3 61.6 67.0 69.2 67.5 62.5 55.4 48.3

72.0 47.1 44.2 44.1 46.9 51.8 57.7 62.7 65.8 65.8 63.0 57.9 52.2

96.0 50.4 47.3 46.2 47.4 50.5 55.0 59.4 62.7 63.8 62.6 59.3 54.9

120.0 52.9

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

49.9 48.3 48.3 50.2 53.4 56.9 60.1 61.8 61.6 59.7 56.6

SURFACE 44.2

TO 10 FT.

42.3 43.7 48.2 54.4 60.9 65.7 67.7 66. 1 61. 7 55.3 49.0

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUS I VITI ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DI FFUSIV IT IES

SURFACE! IN) o « o o 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 70.7 72.3 72.7 73.0 73.4

48.0 65.2 68.4 69.2 69.9 70.7

72.0 60.7 64.6 65.8 66.7 67.9

96.0 57.4 61.4 62.7 63.7 65.2

120.0 55.4 58.8 60. 1 61.1 62.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

63.9 66. 8 67.7 •

00 69.3
ST-22

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE GF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BYDATA SOURCE

LEXINGTON, KY

SI LTY CLAY

SOL

E.B. PENROD

RE FERENCE (8,9)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1952-1956

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0 . 37.2 40.1 46.7 56.2 68.7 79. 1 82.6 78.8 73. 1 60.4 45.6 38.5

2 A • 0 42.1 42.0 46.0 51.6 60.8 69.4 74.5 74.6 72.2 64. 7 53.9 45.5

48.0 48.8 46.4 47.0 49.6 54.9 61.5 67.0 69.5 69.4 66.5 60.6 54.0

72.0 50.8 48.0 47.5 49.4 53.6 59.4 64.5 67.6 68.3 66.4 61.8 56.0

96.0 54.0 50.8 48.9 49.8 52.4 56.7 61.2 64.4 66.3 65.7 63.0 58.8

120.0 56.4 53.5 51.0 50. 7 52.0 55. 1 58.8 61.9 64. 1 64. 5 63.2 60.3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

0 . 59.0 23.2 C. 56 3.0

24.0 58.2 17.2 0.85 2.0

48.0 58.0 12.0 1.26 1.6

72.0 57.8 10.6 1.42 1. 3

96.0 57.7 8.7 1.68 1.3

120.0 57.6 7.0 1.94 1.2

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0 . 36.5 37.0 42.7 52.8 64.0 74.0 79.4 79. 1 72.9 63.0 51.4 41.9

24.0 42.2 40.6 43.3 50. 1 58.8 67.6 73.6 75.4 72. 5 65. 7 56.7 48.3

48.0 47.2 44.3 44.9 49. 1 55.5 62.8 68.6 71.7 71.0 66.8 60.2 53.1

72.0 5 1.2 47.8 47.0 49.2 53.6 59.3 64.6 68.2 68.9 66.8 62.1 56.6

96.0 54.3 50.9 49.3 50.0 52.8 57. 1 61.5 65.1 66.7 66.0 63.1 58.9

120.0 56.6 53.4 51.5 51.1 52.7 55.7 59.2 62.6 64.6 64.8 63.2 60.3

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =58.0,B0=22.0,P0=0. 75 ,D=.027
STA-22

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION LEXINGTON, KY

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 , A •

ti in CO 0 , BO-= 22. 0 AND P0 = 0.75

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURF AC E ( I N ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 42.5 40.7 43.3 50.0 58.7 67.4 73.3 75.3 72.4 65.8 56.9 48.5

48.0 47.5 44.6 45.1 49.0 55.3 62.5 68.2 71.4 70.8 66.9 60.4 53.4

72.0 51.6 48.2 47.3 49.2 53.4 59. 0 64.1 67.8 68.7 66.7 62.3 56.9

96.0 54.7 51.3 49.7 50. 1 52.7 56.8 61.1 64.6 66.4 65.8 63.1 59.2

120.0 57.0 53.9 51.9 51.4 52.7 55.5 58.9 62. 1 64.2 64.6 63.2 60.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 48.7 46.1 46.5 50.0 55.6 62.0 67.1 69.9 69.4 65.9 60. 1 53.9

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 73.0 74. 8 75. 3 75.6 76.1

48.0 67.2 70. 5 71.4 72.1 73.0

72.0 62.7 66. 6 67.8 68.7 70.0

96.0 59.6 63. 4 64.6 65.7 67.2

120.0 57.9 60.9 62. 1 63.1 64.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

66.

69.0 69.9 70.6 71.6
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE GF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST-23

UPPER MARLBORO, MD.

SANOY LOAM

BARE

US WEATHER R.C.

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 33.0 37.0 40.0 53.0 67.0 74. 5 77.0 78.0 73.5 58.0 43.3 34.0

3.9 33.0 36.5 40.0 53.0 66.5 74. 5 77.0 78.0 74.5 58.7 44.3 34.7

7.8 34.0 37.0 41.0 53.0 67.5 73.0 76.5 77.5 74.5 59.7 46.0 36.0

19.7 35.5 36.5 40.0 52.0 66.5 72.5 75.5 76.5 74.5 60.7 48.0 38.3

39.4 38.5 36.5 39.0 48.0 60.5 67.0 70.0 72.0 71.0 62.7 52.7 43.5

59.1 A 2 • 5 39.0 40.0 47.0 58.0 64.0 67.0 69.5 69. 5 64.3 56.0 48.0

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE ( B ) PHASE ANGLE { P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 55. 8 24. 1 C. 60 2.9

3.9 55.9 24. 1 0.62 2.9

7.8 56.4 23.2 C. 64 2.8

19.7 56.5 22.2 0.70 2.4

39.4 55. 3 18.3 C. 90 2.0

59.1 55. 6 15.5 1.05 1.9

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 31.4 34.1 42.2 54.4 66.7 76.5 80.5 78.0 69.3 57.4 44.7 35.4

3.9 31.8 34.3 42.1 54. 1 66.2 76.0 80. 1 77.8 69.4 57.7 45.2 35.9

7.8 32.6 34.6 41.9 53.4 65.2 74.9 79.3 77.4 69.6 58.4 46.2 37.0

19.7 35.1 35.9 41.6 51.6 62.5 71.9 76.8 76.2 70.0 60.2 49.0 40.0

39.4 38.9 38.1 41.8 49.5 58.7 67.4 72.9 73.9 69.9 62.4 52.9 44.5

59.1 42.40.6 42.5 48.2 55.8 63.7 69.3 71.4 69.3 63.7 55.8 48.2

!*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =56.0, B0 = 2 5. 0»P0=0.56 ,D=.038
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-23

UPPER MARLBORO* MD.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DI FFUS I V I TY=0.025* A= 56.0 ,B0= 25.0 AND P0= 0.56

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 37.0 36.9 41.6 50.4 60.5 69.6 74.8 75. 1 70.0 61.4 51.0 42.3

48.0 42.5 40.5 42.5 48.2 55.8 63.7 69.3 71.5 69.3 63.7 55.8 48.1

72.0 47.0 44. I 44.3 47.5 53.0 59.4 64.7 67.8 67.7 64.4 58.7 52.5

96.0 50.7 47.4 4 6.4 47.9 51.5 56.4 61. L 64.5 65.6 64. 1 60.3 55.5

120.0 53.4 50.3 48.6 48.8 51.0 54.5 58.4 61.7 63.4 63. 1 60.9 57.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 43.9 42.2 44.0 49. 1 55.9 62.9 67.9 69.8 67.8 62.8 55.8 49.0

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 73.0 74. 7 75.1 75.4 75.8

48.0 67. 3 70.6 71.5 72.1 73.0

72.0 62.4 66. 6 67.8 68.8 70. 1 96.0 58.8 63. 1 64.5 65.6 67.3

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

56.6 60. 3 61.7 62.9 64.7

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

65. 7 68. 8 69.8 70.5 71.5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BYDATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-24

EAST LANSING, MICH.

CLAY

UNKNOWN

E. M. FITTON

RE FERENC E ( 4

)

19 11-1915

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 3 1.9 32.1 33.9 5 4.4 57.4 67.8 74.4 69.4 66. 7 52.9 41.1 32.3

4.0 32.0 32.3 33.7 52.0 55.3 65. 5 71.6 68.2 65.5 52.3 41.2 33.0

6.0 31.3 30.9 33.2 45.7 57.2 68.8 73.6 70.5 64. 8 52.8 41.2 34.4

12.0 32.7 31.7 32.9 42.3 55.5 67.0 72.2 70.2 64.6 53.5 42.2 36.6

18.0 34.2 32.8 33.3 41.5 54.2 65.3 70.9 69.8 64.9 55. 1 43.9 38.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGF ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 51.3 21.8 C . 62 3.0

4.0 50.3 20.5 C. 66 2.6

6.0 50. 5 22.1 0.69 1.8

12.0 50.2 20.9 C . 77 2.1

18.0 50.4 19.8 C. 8 3 2.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-24

EAST LANSING, MICH.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY=0.025, A = 50.0 ,80= 24.0 AND P0= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.32.0 31.5 35.7 43.9 53.5 62. 5 67.9 68.5 64.0 55.9 46.0 37.4

48.0 37.3 35.1 36.7 42.0 49.2 56.9 62.5 64.9 63. 1 57.9 50.4 43.0

72.0 41.7 38.7 38.6 41.6 46.7 52.8 58.1 61.3 61.3 58.4 53. 1 47.1

96.0 45.2 42.0 40.8 42.0 45.3 50.0 54.6 58.0 59.2 57.9 54.4 49.9

120.0 47.8 44.7 43.0 43.0 45.0 48.3 52.0 55.3 57.1 56.9 54.9 51.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 38.7 36.8 38.2 42.9 49.3 56.

61.1 63.2 61.6 57.0 50.3 43.8

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW

SURF AC E ( IN)

24.0

48.0

72.0

96.0

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

D I FFUS IV IT I ES

0.010 0.020

66.4 68. 1 60.7 64. 0

55.9 60. 1 52.5 56.6

50.4 53.9

59.3

0.025 C. 030 0.040

68.5 68.8 69.2

64.9 65.5 66.4

61.3 62.2 63.5

58.0 59.1 60.7

55.3 56.4 58.1

62.3 63.2 63.9 65.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED 8Y

DATA SOURCE

ST-2 5

EAST LANSING, MICH.

GRAVEL

UNKNOWN

E. M.FITTON

REFERENCE! 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1911-1915

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 3 1.8 32.2 34.3 56.2 58.5 69.8 75.7 70.5 67.7 53. 7 41.4 32. 3

4.0 32.3 32.7 34.4 54.8 57.8 67.9 74.2 69.4 66.7 5 3.6 41.7 33.0

6.0 3 1.2 31.0 3 3.6 47.6 58.4 70.4 75.0 71.5 65.4 53.2 40.9 34.2

12.0 32. 1 31.4 33.5 44.0 56.6 68.7 73.6 71.0 64.7 53.6 41.6 35.8

18.0 33.7 32.8 33.7 42.8 55.0 66.8 72.2 70.4 64.9 54. 6 43.1 37.6

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE { A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 52. 1 22.6 C. 61 3.2

4.0 51.6 21.5 0.62 2.9

6.0 51.1 22.7 C • 66 1.8

12.0 50.7 21.7 0.72 2.0

18.0 50. 7 20.3 C • 79 2.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-25

EAST LANSING, MICH.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

» A

OF

= 51.

YEAR

0 , B0== 24. C AND P0= 0.59

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 32.9 32.6 36.8 45.1 54.7 63. 6 68.9 69.5 64.9 56. 7 46.8 38.2

48.0 38.2 36.1 37.8 43. 1 50.4 58.0 63.6 65.9 64.0 58.7 51.2 43.9

72.0 42.6 39.7 39.6 42.6 47.8 53.9 59.1 62.3 62.3 59.3 53.9 48.0

96.0 46.1 42.9 41.8 43. 1 46.4 51. 1 55.7 59.0 60.2 58.9 55.4 50.8

120.0 48.7 45.6 44.0 44. 1 46.0 49. 4 53.1 56.3 58. 1 57.9 55.8 52.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 39.6 37.8 39.3 44.0 50.5 57.3 62.2 64.2 62.6 57.9 51.2 44.6

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 67.4 69. 1 69.5 69.8 70.2

48.0 61.7 65.0 65.9 66.5 67.4

72.0 57.0 61. 1 62.3 63.2 64.5

96.0 53.6 57.7 59.0 60. 1 61.7

120.0 51.5 55.0 56.3 57.4 59.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

60.3 63. 3 64.2 64.9 65.9
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE QF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-26

EAST LANSING, MICH.

LOAM

UNKNOWN

E.M.FITTON

REFERENCED)

1914-1916

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 31.3 31.5 33.3 55.2 57.0 67.9 73.4 68.5 67.2 53.4 41.0 32.5

4.0 32.0 32.1 33.9 53.0 56.4 66.4 72.8 68.1 65.9 52.8 41.4 33.6

6 .0 30.8 30.4 32.6 45.4 57.0 68.9 74.0 70.6 64.8 52.6 40. 7 34.2

12.0 32.7 31.7 32.5 42.0 55.5 67.6 73.0 70.9 65. 1 54.1 42.4 36.7

18.0 34.5 33. 1 33.1 40.8 53.1 64.3 70.2 69.3 64.5 55.1 44.0 38.6

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 51.1 21.8 C. 63 3.3

4.0 50.8 20.8 0.64 2.7

6.0 50.3 22.4 C. 69 1.8

12.0 50. 5 21.4 0.78 2.3

18.0 50.2 19.4 C . 86 2. 1
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-26

EAST LANSING, MICH,

CALCULATEC EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVI TY=0.025, A = 50.0 ,80= 24. C AND P0= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 32.0 31.5 35.7 43.9 53.5 62.5 67.9 68.5 64.0 55.9 46.0 37.4

48.0 37.3 35.1 36.7 42.0 49.2 56.9 62.5 64.9 63.1 57.9 50.4 43.0

72.0 A 1 .

38.7 38.6 41.6 46.7 52.8 58.1 61.3 61.3 58.4 53. 1 47.1

96.0 45.2 42.0 40.8 42.0 45.3 50.0 54.6 58.0 59.2 57.9 54.4 49.9

120.0 47.8 44.7 43.0 43.0 45.0 48.3 52.0 55.3 57. 1 56.9 54.9 51.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 38.7 36.8 38.2 42. 9 49.3 56. 1 61.1 63.2 61.6 57.0 50.3 43.8

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FFUS I VI T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.66.4 68. 1 68.5 68.8 69.2

48.0 60.7 64.0 64.9 65.5 66.4

72.0 55.9 60. 1 61.3 62.2 63.5

96.0 52.5 56.6 58.0 59. 1 60.7

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

50.4 53.9 55.3 56.4 58.1

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.3 62. 3 63.2 63.9 65.0
ST-27

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

EAST LANSING, MICH,

PEAT

UNKNOWN

E.M.FITTON

REFERENCED)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1911-1915

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 32.0 31.9 31.9 49.9 56.7 67.5 74.2 69.4 66.9 52.9 40.5 33.3

4.0 31.9 31.7 31.6 4 6.6 55.0 64.6 71.5 67.5 64.7 51.5 40.7 34.0

6.0 30.8 30.4 31.4 41.1 56.8 68. 5 73.9 71.0 65. 1 52.9 40.9 34.7

12.0 32.6 31.6 31.9 38.6 54.7 66.9 72.1 71.3 65.6 54.8 42.8 36.6

18.0 35.2 33.7 3 3.4 37.8 53.2 64.5 70.8 70.3 65.6 56.4 45.2 39.2

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 50.7 21.9 C . 68 2.7

4.0 49. 4 20.5 0.71 2.2

6.0 49. 9 22.6 C • 74 2.5

12.0 50. 1 21.5 0.83 2.6

18.0 50.5 19.7 C. 90 2.6
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-27

EAST LANSING, MICH.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 t A = 50. 0 , BO-= 24. C AND P0 = 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 3 2.0 31.5 35.7 43.9 53.5 62.5 67.9 68.5 64.0 55.9 46.0 37.4

48.0 37.3 35.1 36.7 42.0 49.2 56.9 62.5 64.9 63. 1 57.9 50.4 43.0

72.0 4 1.7 38.7 38.6 41.6 46.7 52.8 58.1 61.3 61.3 58.4 53. 1 47.1

96.0 45.2 42.0 40.8 42.0 45.3 50.0 54.6 58.0 59.2 57.9 54 • 4 49.9

120.0 47.8 44.7 43.0 43.0 45.0 48.3 52.0 55.3 57. 1 56.9 54.9 51.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM . SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

38.7 36.8 38.2 42.9 49.3 56. 1 61.1 63.2 61.6 57.0 50.3 43.8

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 66.4 68. 1 68.5 68.8 69.2

48.0 60.7 64* 0 64.9 65.5 66.4

72.0 55.9 60. 1 61.3 62.2 63.5

96.0 52.5 56.6 58.0 59.1 60.7

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

50.4 53.9 55.3 56.4 58.1

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59. 3 62. 3 63.2 63.9 65.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-28

EAST LANSING, MICH.

SAND

UNKNOWN

E.M.FITTON

REFERENCED)

1911-1915

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 30.6 32.2 34.3 56.2 58.7 70.0 76.2 70.8 68.2 54. 1 41.

30.2

A • 0 31.3 32.7 34.5 54.4 58.1 68.6 75.0 70.0 67.4 54.0 41.5 31.8

6.0 30.5 30.5 33.6 47.7 58.5 69.9 74.5 71.4 65.3 53.0 40.5 33.8

12.0 32.2 31.4 3 3.4 42.9 56.3 67.8 72.8 70.7 64. 5 53.6 41.9 36.0

18.0 3 4.3 33.0 33.9 42.5 54.4 65.5 71.1 69.9 64.8 55.0 43.8 38.3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 52.0 23.3 C • 60 3.2

4.0 51.7 22.2 0.62 2.8

6.0 50.9 22.8 C . 66 1.6

12.0 5C . 4 21.4 0.74 2.0

18.0 50.6 19.7 C. 82 1.9
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-28

EAST LANS INC, MICH,

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR D I FEUS I V I f Y

r\j o • C

II 5, A n U". c . o :Q c = 24. C AND P0 = 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURF AC E ( IN ) J F M A M J J A S G N

24 .0 '3 2.0 31.5 35.7 4 3.9 53.5 62.5 67.9 68.5 64.0 r5 .

9

46.0 37.

48 .0 37.35.1 3 6.7 4 2.0 49.2 56.9 62.5 64.9 63. 1 57.9 50.4 43.

72.0 4 1.7 38.7 38.6 41.6 46.7 52.8 58.1 61.3 61.3 58.4 53.1 47.

96 .

45.2 42.0 40.8 42.0 45.3 50.0 54.6 58.0 59.2 57.9 54.4 49.

120.0 47.8 44 .

43.0 43.0 45.0 48.3 52.0 55.3 57. 1 56.9 54.9 51.

integrated

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 38. 7 36.3 38.2 42.9 49.3 56. 1 61.1 63.2 61.6 57.0 50. 3 43.

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN

)

0.0 10 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 66.4 68. 1 68.5 68.8 69.2

QO . o 60. 7 64. 0 64.9 65.5 66.4

72.0 55.9 60. 1 61.3 62.2 63.5

96.0 52.5 56. 6 58.0 59.1 60.7

120.0 5 C . 4 53. 9 55.3 56.4 58.1

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.3 62. 3 63.2 63.9 65.0
ST .PAUL, MINN

SILT LOAM

SOC

ST-29

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

OATA PROCESSED PY

DATA SOURCF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PER I QC OF OBSERVATION L9t 1-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MCNTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0

0.4 25.9 28.3 32.8 43.4 64.3 74.0 77.3 76.4 64.7 54. 3 38.0 31.8

1.9 26. 1 27.9 32.2 4 1.8 63.1 75.0 76.9 75.9 64.8 54.5 38 .3 2.1

3.9 26.6 27.8 31.8 39.

60.7 72.6 75.2 74.6 64. 5 54.5 38.8 32. 7 7.9 27.4 27.

31.4 34.2 56.6 68.0 72.3 71.8 63.4 53.8 39.3 34.2

15.7 29.9 30.8 31.1 34.0 52.9 63.7 68.2 69.5 63.3 54.4 41.35.8

31.3 33.3 30.

32.0 33.4 48 .

58.9 65.7 68.4 63.6 56.2 43.6 39. 7 47.2 3 7.8 3 5.5 34.1 34. 5 45.2 55. 3 62.5 64.8 63. 1 57.1 48.6 41.9

62.9 39.5 37.0 3 5.3 35.2 43.0 52.7 60.

62.9 62.4 57.4 50. 3 4 3.8

125.9 A 5 • 8 43.2 40.9 40. 1 40.7 45.7 51.4 55.6 57.7 56.6 53.3 4 9 .

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN

)

AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPL I TUDE ( B) PHASE ANGLE(P)

standard

DEVIATION

0.4 51.0 26.5 C . 64 2.9

1.9 50.9 26.6 0.65 3. 1 3.9 50. 1 25.6 C. 70 3. 1 7.9 48.5 23.6 0.78 3.6

15.7 48.3 20.9 C • 84 2.8

31.5 47.9 19.1 1.02 2.7

47.2 48.5 16.0 1.15 1.9

62.9 48.4 14.4 1.27 1.7

125.9 03 • 8.8 1.77 1.0

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS ( *

)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0.4 23. 3 25 4,0 32.,4 44. 5 57 .1 67. 6 72 .6 71. 1 63. 1 51. 3 38. 3 29. 2

1.9 23. 6 25..2 32..4 44. 2 56 .7 67. 2 72 .3 70. 9 63. 1 51. 6 38. 7 28. 7

3.9 24. 1 25..5 32,,3 43. 8 56 .1 66 • 6 71 .8 70. 6 63. 2 51. 9 39. 3 29. 3

7.9 25. 1 26..0 32., 3 43. 2 55 .0 65. 4 70 .8 70. 1 63. 3 52. 6 40. 4 30. 5

15.7 27. 0 27,.0 32..2 42. 0 53 .1 63. 1 68 .8 69. 0 63. 4 53. 8 42. 4 32. 7

31.5 30. 7 29, 3 32,.6 40. 3 49 .8 59. 1 65 . 1 66. 7 63. 1 55. 6 45. 7 36. 8

47.2 34. 0 31..7 33..5 39. 3 47 .2 55. 7 61 .8 64. 3 62. 3 56. 6 48. 3 40. 2

62.9 37. 0 34,.0 34,,6 38. 8 45 .4 52. 8 58 .8 62. 0 61. 3 57. 1 50. 3 43. 1 125.9 45. 5 42,,0 40,.2 40. 3 42 .5 46. 2 50 .3 53. 9 55. 9 55. 7 53. 4 49. 7

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =48.0, R 0=25.0, PC=0.65 ,D=.031
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-29

ST. PAUL, MINN,

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DI FFUS I V I TY=0.025, A= 48.0 ,00= 25. 0 AND P0= 0.65

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S C N D

24.0 29.6 28.6 32.5 40.7 50.7 60.3 66.3 67.4 63.2 55.1 44.8 35.6

CO • O 35.2 32.6 3 3.9 39.0 46.4 54.5 60.6 63.4 62.0 56. 8 49.2 41.4

72.0 39.8 36.4 36.0 38.8 43.9 50.3 55.9 59.5 59.9 57. 1 51.8 45.6

96.0 43.4 39.9 38.4 3 9.5 42.7 47.6 52.3 56. 1 57.6 56.5 53.0 48.4

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

46. 1 42.7 40.8 40.7 42.5 45.9 49.7 53.2 55.3 55. 3 53.4 50. 1

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

36.6 34.3 3 5.4 40.0 46.6 5 3.8 59.2 61.7 60.4 55.9 49.0 42.1

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED Dl FFUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I F FU S I V I T I E

S

SURFACE ( IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 65. 1 67. 0 67.4 67.8 68.3

48.0 58.9 62. 5 63.4 64.1 65.1

72.0 53.9 58. 3 59.5 60.5 61.9

96.0 50.4 54. 7 56. 1 57.2 58.9

120.0

I INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

48.3 51.8 53.2 54.4 56.2

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

57.5 60. 7 61.7 62.5 63.6
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE C F EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST- 30

STATE UNIV.MISS.

CLAY

BARF

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 19e0-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S U N D

2.0 49.4 6 5.0 54.2 65. I 83.0 85.2 89.5 8 7.9 82.5 72.3 48 .

A • 0 44. 1 53.3 5 6.6 63. I 76.3 79. 7 85.7 86.8 82.3 72.7 57. I 47.4

8 .0 4 6.4 53.2 55.5 62. 1 75.3 79.4 82.8 8 3.9 79.9 70.0 54.9 4 3.9

16.0 46.4 5 3.9 53.2 6 1.8 74.4 80. 1 84.3 84.2 81.0 72.8 5 L . 4

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES AMALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE(P)

ST ANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 69.5 21.0 C . 60 3.1

4.0 67.5 20.5 0 . b 6 4.0

8.0 66.

18.8 E. 64 3. 1

L 6 • 0 67.2 18.7 0.74 2.3
£ A3 T H TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-30

STATE UNIV.MISS.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEATHS

PGR DIFFUS I VI TY =0.025

MONTH

t A

OF

= 67.

YEAR

0 , 60 = 21. C AND P0 = 0.58

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S U N D

24.0 51.1 50.9 54.7 62.0 70.4 78.2 82. 7 83. 1 79.0 71.9 63.2 55.7

48.0 55.

54.0 55.5 60.2 66.6 73. 3 78.1 80.0 78.3 73. 7 67. 1 60.6

72.0 59.6 57.1 5 7.1 59.3 64.3 69. 7 74.2 76.9 76.8 74.2 69.5 64.2

96.0 62.7 59.9 58.9 60. 1 63.67.2 71.1 74. 1 75.0 73.9 70.7 66.7

120.0 65.0 6 2.3 60.8 61.0 62.7 65.6 68.9 71.7 73.2 73.71.2 68.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 57.0 55.4 56.8 61.0 66.6 72.6 76.9 78.6 77.1 72.9 67.

61.3

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE { IN ) 0 .010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 81.3 82. 8 83.

fc 3 • 4 83.7

48.0 76.4 79. 3 80.0 80.6 81.3

72.0 72. 3 75.9 76.9 77.7 78.8

96.0 69. 3 72. 9 74. 1 75.0 76.4

120.0 6 7.4 70. 5 71. 7 72.7 74.2

I NTEGRA TED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TG 10 FT.

75. 1 77. 8 78.6 79.2 90. 1
ST-31

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE C F SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SUURCE

F A LCETT » MO.

UNKNOWN

SOL

JEN-HU-CHANG

REFERENCED)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1951-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J c M A M J J A S 0 N D

1*0 33.0 33.38.7 A 7 .64.

73.8 83. A 81.

71.4 56.4 43.8 34.4

3.0 33.2 33.6 38.0 A6 .

63.0 71.1 79.9 78.3 70.2 55.8 43.6 35.1

6.0 33.8 33.3 37.5 A5.2 62.1 69. 1 76.7 76.4 69.4 56.5 44. 1 36.4

12.0 3 5.3 35.2 37.5 A3.

61.1 68.0 73.6 74.6 70.2 56.8 46.2 38.6

2 A • 0 3 7.2 36.0 38.5 AA. 3 58.0 65.3 71.1 73.6 68.0 59.5 49.2 42.4

48.0 A3.

A I .6 A 1 .

A A . 8 53.5 60. 7 65.4 67.7 66.6 62.6 55.6 48.6

72.0 A 5 .

5

AA . A A A . 2 A 6 .

A8.9 55.6 61.3 64.0 64.7 62.5 57.0 51.4

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ! IN ) AVERAGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE! B

)

PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 5 5.3 25.6 C. 66 2.4

3.0 5 A. 1 24.1 0.69 2.2

6.0 53.5 22.7 C . 7 3 2.

12.0 53.5 21.0 0.78 2.2

2 A . 0 53.7 18.8 C. 88 1.3

A8 .0 5 A . A 13.7 1. 14 0.7

72.0 5 3.9 10.8 1.37 0.7

CALCULATED FARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

URFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 34.4 35.7 41.5 51.1 61.1 69.5 73.5 72.4 66. 1 56.8 46.4 38.4

3.0 3 4.9 35.9 4 1.5 50.7 60.5 68.9 73.0 72.1 66.2 57. 1 47.0 39.0

6.0 35.6 36.3 A 1 .

50.2 59.7 68.0 72.3 71.7 66.2 57. 7 47.8 39.9

12.0 37. 1 37.1 41 .4 49.3 58.2 66.2 70.8 70.9 66.3 58.6 49.4 41.7

2 A . 0 39.9 38.9 41.7 47.9 55.6 63.1 68.0 69. 1 66. 1 59.9 52.0 44.8

48.0 A 4.42.5 43. 1 46.7 52.1 58.2 63.0 65.5 64.8 61.2 55.6 49.7

72.0 A 8 • 7 45.9 45.2 46.8 50.3 54.9 59. 1 62. 1 62.8 61.2 57.5 53.1

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =54. 0t60= 20.0* P C = 0 . 6 5 ,D=.019
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION FAUCt TT , MO

STA-3L

calculated earth TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVITY -0.025

MONTH

. A

OF

= 54.

YEAR

0 *80 == 20. 0 AND P0 = 0.65

depth BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 24.0 39.2 38.5 41.6 48.2 56.2 63.8 68.6 69.6 66.2 59.

51.4 44.

48.0 43.7 41.7 42.7 46.8 52.8 59.2 64.

66.3 65.2 61.

54.9 43.7

72.0 47.5 44.7 44.4 4 6.6 50.7 55.9 60.4 63.2 63.5 61.3 57.0 52.0

^6.0 50.3 47.5 46.3 47.2 49.8 53.6 57.5 60.5 61.7 60. 8 58.0 54.3

120.0 52.5 49.8 48.2 48.1 49.6 52.3 55.4 58.2 59.8 59. 9 58.3 55.7

I N TEG RATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 44.9 43.0 4 3.9 47.6 52 .58.6 63.0 65.0 63.9 60. 3 54.8 4 9.3

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW CIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.C40

24.0 67. 7 69. 2 69.6 69.8 70.2

48.0 62.8 65. 6 66. 3 66.9 67.7

72.0 58.7 62. 2 63.2 64.0 65.2

96.0 5 5.9 59. 3 60.5 61.4 62.8

120.0 54.2 57. I 58.2 59.1 60.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 61.6 64. 2 65.0 65.6 66.5

TO 10 FT.
ST- 32

E AR TH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

KANSAS C I T Y » MO

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

JE N-HU-CHANG

RE TERENCE! 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1950-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.9 3 4.8 41. I 4 1.8 54.5 70.

77.7 75.4 75.5 71.2 61.1 48.5 34.5

7.9 35.6 37.8 41.3 52.9 63.4 75.2 73.3 76.6 6 7.4 58.8 47.6 36.6

L I .8 36.9 38.0 40.

49. 8 60.6 70. 7 72.2 7 8.3 6 6.0 58.9 48.3 38.7

19.7 38.1 3 8.9 40.2 47.7 58.0 67.0 69.8 69. 1 64.9 59.4 49. 7 40.8

39.4 39.5 39.7 40.9 47. 1 55.4 63.7 67 .71.2 65. I 60. I 50.6 43.0

RESULTS OF LEAST SCUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B

)

PHASE ANGLE(P)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.9 57. 3 2 2.3 C. 58 3. I 7.9 55.6 21.1 0.63 1.9

11.8 55. 0 19.9 C.72 2. 1 19.7 53. 7 16.8 0.80 1.2

39.4 U~io- •

00 15.8 C . 90 1.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-32

KANSAS CITY, MG.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVI TY =0.025 A = 54. 0 ,80 = 22. C AND P0 = 0.56

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 3 7.3 37.2 41.3 49. I 57.9 66.0 70.6 70.8 6 6.4 58.8 49.6 4 1.9

48.0 42.1 40.4 42.1 47. 1 53.9 .60.8 65.7 6 7.6 65. 7 60. 8 53.8 47.1

72.0 46. 1 4 3.6 4 3.7 46.6 51 .

57.0 61.7 64.4 64.3 6 1.4 56.4 5 0.9

96.0 4 9.3 46.5 4 5.6 46.9 50.0 54.4 58.5 61.5 62.4 61. 1 57.8 5 3.6

120.0 51.7 49 .0 47.5 47.7 49.6 52.7 56.

5 9.0 60.5 60. 3 58.

55.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

S U R F A C E 43.4 41.9 4 3.4 47. 9 53.9 60.

64.4 66. 1 64.4 60.0 53.8 4 7.9

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN ) 0.010 0.020 0.025 o • o • o o

‘

s 24.0 69.0 70. 4 70.8 71.1 71.

X o 63.9 66. 9 6 7.6 68.2 6 9.0

7 2.0 59.6 o 3. 3 64.4 65.2 66.4

96.0 56.5 60. 3 61.5 62.5 63.9

12 0.0

INTEGRATED

AV6RAGF FROM

54.5 57.3 59.0 60.0 61.6

SURFACE

TO 1C FT.

62.6 65. 3 66. 1 o O' *

0D 67.7
EAR TH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

S T- 3 3 S I KFSTON » MO

SANDY LOAM

GRASS

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN

)

J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S 0 N D

I .0 36.9 4 1.1 45.

57.6 69 .

78 . 9 33.9 8 2.8 76. 1 64. 1 49.6

3.0 37.3 37.4 5.0 57.5 J 0.2 79. 2 84.2 8 3.3 76. 7 66.0 50.6

6.0 3 7.3 38.0 44.9 57. 1 69.8 78.7 83.8 82.7 76.0 66. I 50.8

24.0 37.0 38.9 43.1 5 1.8 63.

70.0 75.0 7 6.4 7 3.3 6 5.6 53.6

72.0 47.0 39.7 4 4.3 47.

54.9 61.7 66.7 70.0 70.4 67.4 61.2 54.3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE { A

)

AMPLITUDE! B

)

PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 60.

24.0 C. 63 3.2

3.0 61.1 24.0 0.66 3. 1 6.0 60.8 23.8 C • 66 3.0

24.0 57.9 19.7 0.83 2. 3 72.0 57. 5 13.6 1.29 1.2

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OE YEAR

DEPTH BELOw

SURFACE ( IN

)

J F M A M J J A S G N 0

l .0 32.3 34.7 42.6 54.9 67.3 77.4 81.7 79.4 70.9 58.

46. 1 36.5

3.0 32.7 34.9 42.5 54.5 66 .

76.8 81.2 79.2 71.0 59.3 46.6 37.1

6.0 33.4 35.2 42.4 53.9 66.0 75.9 80.5 78.9 71.

59. 8 47.5 3 3.0

24.0 3 7.3 37.3 42.2 51.3 61.7 71.2 76.6 76.8 71.5 62.5 51.8 42.7

72.0 46.4 43.6 44.3 48.4 54.7 61.8 6 7.4 70.4 69.6 65. 5 59.0 52.1

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =57.0 f B0=25.0, PC=0.59 ,C=.034
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION S I K E S TON i MO

S T A - 3 3

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 57.

YEAR

0 ,60 = 25. 0 AND P0 = 0.59

depth BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 38.2 37.8 42.2 50.9 60.9 70.2 75.7 76.2 71.5 63.0 52.6 43.7

4 8 . 0 43.7 41.5 4 3.3 48.8 56.4 64.3 70. 1 72.5 70.5 65. 1 57.2 4 9.6

72.0 48.3 4 5.2 45.2 48.3 53.6 60. 1 65.5 68.8 68.8 65.6 60. 1 53.8

96.0 51.9 48.6 47.4 48.7 52.2 57. 1 61.9 65.4 66.6 65.2 61.5 56.8

L2C.0 64.6 5 1.4 4 9.7 49.8 51.8 55. 3 5 9.2 62.5 6 4.4 64.2 62. 1 58.6

IMTE GRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 45.2 4 3.2 44 .

49. 7 56.4 6 3.5 68.7 70.8 69. 1 64.2 57.2 50.4

TO 1C FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 74. 1 75. 8 76.2 76.5 77.0

48.0 68 .

71.6 72.5 73. 1 74. 1 72.0 63.2 67. 5 66.8 69.7 71.1

96.0 59. 7 64.0 65.4 66.5 68.2

120.0 57.5 61. 1 62.5 63.7 65.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 66.7 69. 8 70.8 71.5 72.6

TO 10 FT,
ST-34

EARTH TEMPFR A TURE STATION

TYRE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

BOZEMAN, MONTANA

UNKNOWN

UN KNOWN

JEN-HU-CHANG

R E FER ENC E ( 5 ) PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1916-1920

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

L2 .0 29. 7 2 9.1 30 .

35.0 44.2 55.4 6 4.4 62.9 55.4 44.6 35.4 31.5

24.0 3 1.8 30 .7 31.4 34.8 42.8 5 2.3 60.0 61.4 56.2 47.0 38.6 34.1

36 .0 3 3.5 32.2 32.0 34. 1 40.0 48. 7 56.58.1 55. 1 47.6 39.9 35.6

CD • o 36.0 34.4 3 3.6 3 4.6 38.8 46. 1 53.8 57.3 55.2 49.2 42.8 38.3

60.0 37.7 35.7 34 .35.3 38 .8 44 .

51.0 54.2 53.7 49.8 44.4 40.2

90.0 41.2 39.3 3 7.9 37.4 38.7 42.0 46.6 5 C . 8 51.9 50.0 46.4 43.4

L2C.0 4 1.8 39.7 UP •

CO {O 37.9 38 .

41.7 4 6.1 50.0 51.4 50. 1 46.

9

4 3.9

RESULTS CF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( I N

)

AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE(P)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

12.0 43.2 17.6 L. 79 3.2

24.0 43. 5 15.4 0.92 2.4

36.0 4 2.8 13.1 1.04 2.2

4 8 .

4 3.4 11.5 1.21 2. 1 6 C • 0 4 3.4 9.7 1. 33 1.4

9C . 0 4 3.8 6.9 1.66 1 . 1 120.0 4 3.9 6.5 1.74 1.0

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS ( *

)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

12 .0 26. 8 26,,4 30,.4 •

00 r 3 47 ,. 5 56. 0 61. 1 61. 6 57. 3 49. 5 40. 0 31,.9

24 .0 30. 1 28 ,.6 30,.9 36. 9 44,,7 52. 4 57. 7 59. 4 56. 9 50. 9 42. 9 35,.5

36 .0 3 3. 1 30,.8 31,. 8 36. 2 42..5 49. 5 54. 7 57. 2 56. 0 51. 7 45. 1 38,.4

48 .0 35. 7 32,.9 33,.0 36. 0 41.,0 47. 0 52. 1 55. 0 54. 9 51. 9 46 • 7 40, 9

60 .0 38. 0 35,,0 34,,3 36. 1 40 ,. 1 45. 2 49. 8 53. 0 53. 7 51. 8 47. 7 42, 8

90 .0 42. 2 3 9 ,.2 37,.6 37. 5 39 ,.2 42. 3 45. 7 48. 7 50. 5 50. 4 48. 7 45,.7

120 .0 44. 5 42..2 40,. 4 39. 5 39,,8 41. 3 43. 4 45. 8 47. 7 48. 5 48. 2 46

,

, 7

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =44.0,60=21.0, PC=0. 68 ,C=.0l5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-34

BOZEMAN, MONTANA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FUR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 t A = 44. 0 ,80== 21. 0 AND P0 = 0.68

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH below

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S u N D

24.0 2 8*7 27.6 30.6 37.5 45.8 53.9 59.1 60.4 57. 1 50.4 41.8 34.0

48.0 33.8 31.1 32.0 36.2 42.3 49. 1 54.3 56.9 55.9 51.8 45.4 38.8

72.0 37.4 34.4 33.9 36. 1 40.3 45.7 50.4 53.6 54. 1 51.9 47.5 42.2

96.0 40.4 37.3 36.0 36.7 39.4 43.4 47.4 50.7 52.0 51.2 48.4 44.5

120.0 42.6 39.7 38.0 37.8 39.2 42.0 45.3 48.2 50. 1 50.2 48.6 45.9

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM ' SURFACE 34.6 3 2.8 3 3.3 37.0 42.5 CD • <s\ 53.2 55.5 54.6 50.9 45.2 39.4

TU 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 58.4 60.0 60.4 £0.7 61.1

48.0 53. 1 56. 1 56. 9 57.5 58.4

72.0 48.8 52. 5 53.6 54.4 55.6

96.0 4 5.9 49. 5 50. 7 51.6 53. 1 120.0 44.

47. i 48.2 49.2 50.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

51.9 54. 7 55.5 56. 1 57. 1
ST-35

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

OAT A PROCESSED PY

DATA SOURCE

BOZEMAN, MONTANA

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E.M.FITTQN

REFERENCED)

PER I OC OF OBSERVATION L916-I920

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

12.0 29.7 29. I 30.2 3 5.0 44.2 55.4 64.4 62.9 55.4 44.6 35.4 31.5

2 A • 0 3 1.9 30 .

31. A 3 A . 8 42.3 52.3 60.0 6 1.4 56.2 47.0 38.6 34.1

36.0 3 3.5 32.2 32.0 34. 1 40.0 48. 7 56.

58. 1 55. 1 4 7.6 39.9 35.6

48.

3 6.0 3 A. A 33.6 34.6 38.8 46.

53.8 57.3 55.2 49.2 42.8 38.3

60.0 37.7 3 5.7 34.

35.3 38 .8 44 .

51.0 54.2 53.7 49.8 44.4 40.2

90.0 A 1.2 39.3 37.9 37.4 38 .42.0 4 6.6 50.8 51.9 50.0 46.4 43.4

I2C.0 A 1 • 8 39.8 38.5 37.9 38.7 41.7 46.5 C . 0 51.4 50. 1 46.9 43.

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN

)

AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

S T ANDARD

DEVIATION

12.0 43.2 17.6 C . 79 3.2

24.0 43.5 15. A 0.92 2. A

36.0 42.8 13.1 1 • 0 A 2.2

48.0 A 3.11.5 1.21 2. 1 60.0 A 3.

9.7 1.33 1. A

9 C . 0 4 3.8 6.9 1.66 1 . 1 120.0 A 3.

9

6.5 1. 7A 1.0

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED CEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

12.0 26.8 26. A 3 0. A 38.3 47 .

56*0 61.1 61.6 57.3 49. 5 40.0 31.9

2A .0 30. 1 28.6 30.9 36.9 44.7 52.4 57.7 59.4 56.9 50.9 42.9 35.5

36.0 33.1 3G.8 31.8 36.2 42 .

49.5 54.7 57.2 56. 0 51.7 45.

38.4

A8.0 35. 7 3 2.9 33.0 36.0 41.0 47.0 52.1 55.0 54.9 51.9 46.

40.9

60.0 38.0 35.0 34.3 36.

40 .

45.2 49.8 53.0 53.7 51.8 47.7 42.8

9C.0 A 2 • 2 39.2 37.6 37.5 39.2 42.3 45.7 48.7 50.5 50.4 48.7 45.7

120.0 A A. 5 A2.2 40.4 39. 5 39.8 41.3 43.4 45.8 47.7 48.5 4 8.2 46.7

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =44.0,80=21.0, PC=0. 68 ,D=.015
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-35

BOZEMAN, MONTANA

CALCULATEC EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR 01 EFUS IVITY=0.025, A= 44.0 ,B0= 21.0 AND P0= 0.63

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 28.4 27.7 3 1.1 38.2 46.6 54.6 59.5 60.3 56.6 49.6 41.0 33. 3 48 .

33. 1 31.0 32.2 36.7 43.0 49.7 54.7 57.0 55.6 51.2 44.7 38.2

72.0 37.0 34.2 34.0 36.4 40.8 46.2 50.8 53.8 54.0 51.5 47.0 41.7

06.0 40.0 37.1 36.0 36.9 39.

43.8 47.8 50.9 52. 1 51.1 48.1 44.1

120.0 4 2.3 3 9.5 37.9 37.9 39 .42.45.6 48.5 50.1 50. 1 48.4 45.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

surface 34. 3 3 2.4 3 3.5 37.5 43 .

49. 1 5 3.5 55.5 54.3 50.4 44.6 38.8

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I F FU S I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW CIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 0.0 30 0.040

2 4.0 58 .

59. 9 60.3 60.6 61.0

4 8.0 5 3.3 56. 2 57.0 57.6 58.4

7 2.0 49.0 52.7 53.8 54.6 55.8

96.0 46. 1 49. 7 50.9 51.8 53.

12 0.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

44.47. 3 48.5 49.5 5 1.0

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

52. 1 54. 7 55.5 56.2 57. 1
GARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED RY

DATA SOURCE

ST-36

HUNTLEY, MONTANA

C L £ Y SOD

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1961-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N U

2.0 2 7.8 32.0 37.8 48.6 59.8 71.4 75.1 71.9 58.1 48.6 37.5 30.3

4.0 2 6.9 3C.2 36.0 47.8 58 .

70. 1 74.1 71. 1 58.7 48.6 37.3 30.5

8.0 28. I 3C .2 34.3 44.6 54 .66. 1 70.7 69.3 57.9 48.

38.2 34. 3 2C.0 3 3.5 3 3.8 3 7.3 4 4*6 5 3.7 63.7 71.6 70.5 61.8 52.5 4 3.0 36.4

o • o 37.4 36.9 38 .

42. I 48.9 57.2 65.9 63.6 60.7 56.0 48 .42.3

O' o • o 39.9 38.4 38.9 41.0 47.2 53.5 60.4 64.6 63.7 59. 7 55. 7 48.1

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

2.0 4 9.9 23.4 C . 50 3. 1 4.0 49.2 23.4 0.53 3.0

8.0 48. 1 21.0 C.62 3.0

20.0 50. I 19.4 0.73 2.2

40.0 4 9.9 14.6 C • 99 2. 1 6C . 0 51.1 13.3 1.32 4. 1

CALCULATED r A R T H TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S U N D

2.0 25.6 29 .38.0 50.5 62.5 71.4 74.4 70.9 61.5 49. 3 37.0 28.5

4.0 26. 1 29.4 37.8 4 9.9 61 .

70. 7 73.9 70.7 61.7 49.9 37.7 29.2

8.0 2 7.1 29.8 37.5 48.9 60.3 69.3 72.8 70.3 62.0 50. 9 39.1 30.6

20.0 30.3 31.3 36.9 46.4 56.6 65.3 69.6 68.8 62.7 53.4 42.9 34.6

40 .

35.2 34.2 3 7.1 43.7 51.8 59.

6

64.7 6 5.9 62.6 56.2 47.3 40.3

60.0 3 9.5 37.3 38.3 42.5 48.6 5 5.2 60.3 62.7 61.6 57.4 51.1 44.7

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =60.0,80=25.0, PC=0.47 ,0=.O2O
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

ST A - 3 6

HUNTLE Y, MONTANA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED LEPTHS

FUR DI FFUS I VITY =0.025 t A

ii O • 0 ,80 = 25.0 AND PO = 0.4 7

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 70.6 31.5 36.9 46. 1 56.2 64.8 69.

68 • 6 62.8 53. 7 43.3 35.1

49.0 35.8 34.6 37.2 4 3.4 51.2 58.9 64.0 65.4 62.5 56.4 48.4 41.0

72.0 40.3 3 7.9 38.6 42 .48. 1 54.4 59.5 62. 1 61.3 5 7.5 51.6 45.5

96.0 44.0 41.1 4 0.5 42.4 46 .

51.3 55.8 58.9 59.5 57.6 53.5 48.6

L20.0 46.8 43. « 42 .

43.45.5 49.2 5 3.0 56. 1 57.5 56.9 54. 3 50.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 37.4 36 .

38 .44.2 51.1 57.9 62.5 63.7 61.2 55.7 48.6 42.0

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I F F U S I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.

G

66.

68. 3 68.6 68.9 69.2

48.0 61.5 64. 6 65.4 66.0 66.8

72.0 5 6.8 60.9 62. 1 62.9 64.2

96.0 5 3.2 57. 5 58.9 59.9 6 1.5

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

50.9 54. 7 56. 1 57. 3 59.0

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.8 62. 8 63.

64.4 65.4
ST-37

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION L I NCOLN , NEBRASKA

TYPE CF SOIL UNKNOWN

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE BARE

DATA PROCESSED BY E • N • F I T TUN

DATA SOURCE REFERENCE ( 4 ) PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 19C0-1904

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE I IN

)

J F M A M J J A S U N D

i.O 30.0 28 .

42 .

58.6 74.5 82. 3 90.8 85.6 72.0 60.0 43.5 31.0

3.0 30.0 28.7 41.1 59. 3 72.

81.2 88 .8 5. 3 72.9 61.4 44.3 31.6

6.0 29.6 28.0 37.9 54. 5 68 .77.5 83.6 82.0 71.0 60.2 44.31.9

9.0 30.0 28.4 35.7 50.8 64 .

73.0 79.4 7 7.9 70.5 59.0 44 .33.4

12.0 3 1.4 29.3 35.0 48.2 60 .

69.

75.8 7 5.0 66.6 5 8.4 45. 1 34.3

24 .0 3 5.1 32.9 34.7 44.8 56.5 64 .

70.8 71.6 66.9 59.7 49.5 39.5

36.0 38. 1 3 5.3 3 5.7 4 3.0 53.2 61.1 67.5 69.4 66. 7 60.7 52. 1 43.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A) AM P L I T UDE ( B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

deviation

1.0 58.4 30.9 C. 53 2.0

3.0 58.2 30.C . 5 7 1.9

6.0 55.9 28.3 0.62 1.5

9.0 54.0 26.0 C. 68 1.2

12.0 52.6 23.5 0.73 1 .

24.0 52.3 19.7 C. 39 1.0

36.0 52. 3 17.3 1.03 0.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-37

L I NCOLN t NEBRASKA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 54.0

YEAR

, 60 = 28. 0 AND P0 = 0.52

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A • 0 32.5 3 2.9 38.5 48.6 59.9 69.8 7 5.3 75.2 69. I 59.2 47.6 38.0

48.0 38.5 36.7 3 9.2 4 5.9 54.5 63.

69.3 71.3 68.5 62.0 53.0 44.6

72.0 43.6 40.6 4 1.0 44.9 51.2 58.3 64.2 67.4 66.9 6 3.0 56.5 49.5

06.0 47.7 44.7 43.3 45.2 49.3 54.9 60. I 63.7 64. 7 62.8 58.4 5 3.0

I2C.0 50.8 47.4 45 .

46. i 48 • 6 52.7 57.0 60.6 62.4 61.9 59.2 55.2

integrated

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 40.2 38.6 40.

46.8 54.4 62.2 6 7.6 69. 4 66.9 61.1 53.2 45.7

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 73.0 74. 7 75.2 75.5 75.9

48.0 66.8 70. 4 71.3 72.0 73.0

72.0 61.3 66. 0 67.4 78.4 69.8

96.0 57.4 62. 2 63.65.0 66.8

120.0 54.8 59. 0 60.6 61.9 63.9

1 N TEG RATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

65.0 6 8.4 69.4 70.2 71.3
ST-38

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION L INCOLN, NEBRASKA

TYPE CF SOIL UN KNOWN

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE UNKNOWN

DATA PROCESSED BY E. N.FITTON

DATA SOURCE RE FERENC E ( 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1 8 S 4- 1 9 0 4

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

I .0 28. 2 29,,0 40,, 1 58. 7 70,.9 79. 2 86. 9 85. 1 73. 7 58. 1 40,. 6 31,.2

3 .0 38. 5 27,,8 38,.8 57. 6 69,.7 78. 1 85. 1 84. 0 73. 5 59. 4 42,.7 31,.4

6 *0 29. 0 28,. 1 37,,4 53. 6 66

,

.7 76. 1 82. 1 80. 9 72. 0 58. 3 42, 6 31

,

. 7

9 .0 29. 8 28,.0 36,,0 50. 8 64. 2 73. 7 79. 7 78. 9 71. 0 58. 5 38,,9 28,.8

12 .0 30. 2 29,,9 35,,6 49. 1 61 ,,2 69. 7 75. 8 75. 6 69. 2 57. 9 44,, 5 34,.6

24 .0 35. 1 33,, 1 35,, 3 45. 4 56,.9 64. 6 70. 5 72. 0 68. 2 60. 0 49,,2 39,,5

36 .0 38. l 35, l 36,,0 43. 6 53,.8 61. 5 67. 7 69. 8 67. 9 61. 3 51 ,. 9 43,.0

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN

)

AVERAGE (A

)

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGL E ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 56.9 30.3 C . 5 5 2.0

3.0 57. 3 27.8 0.60 3.9

6.0 55.0 27.9 C. 62 1.2

9.0 53.3 27.3 0.63 2.2

12.0 52.9 23.9 C . 72 0.9

24.0 52.6 19.9 0.89 0.9

36.0 52.6 17.7 1.03 0.7
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-38

L I NCOLN, NEBRASKA

CALCULATEC EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVI TY =0.025 , A = 53. 0 » BQ= 28. 0 AND PQ = 0.52

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACEl IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 31.5 3 1.9 37.5 47.6 58.9 68.8 74.3 74.2 68.1 58.2 46.6 37.0

48.0 37. 5 35.7 38.2 44.9 53.5 62.68.3 70.3 67.5 61.0 52.0 43.6

72.0 42.6 39.6 40.0 43.9 50.2 57.3 63.2 66.4 65.9 62.0 55.5 48.5

96.0 46.7 43.2 42.3 44. 2 48.3 53.9 59.1 62.7 63.7 61.8 57.4 52.0

120.0 A 9 • 8 46.4 44,7 45. 1 47.6 51.7 56.0 59.6 61.4 60.9 58.2 54.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 39.2 37.6 39.8 45.8 53.4 61.2 66.6 68.4 65.9 60. 1 52.2 44.7

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATEC AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C.030 0.040

24.0 72.0 73. 7 74.2 74.5 74.9

48.0 65.8 69.4 70.3 71.0 72.0

72.0 60.3 65. 0 66.4 67.4 68.8

96.0 56.4 61. 2 62.7 64.0 65.8

120.0 53.8 58. 0 59.6 60.9 62.9

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TU 10 FT.

64.0 6 7. 4 68.4 69.2 70.3
ST-39

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

NORFOLK, NEBRASKA

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

JE N-HU-CHANG

REFERENCE ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1950-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M 4 M J J A S 0 N D

3.9 29.9 33.6 36.2 63.0 71.6 78.0 71.9 65.0 55.6 37.7 34.0

7.9 31.0 36.4 35.8 63.2 72. 6 79.0 73.0 67. 7 56.8 40.6 33.7

11.8 29.7 35.4 33.2 62.2 71.5 76.7 73.8 68. 1 57.6 41.7 33.8

19.7 30. 1 34.9 32.0 60.8 70.0 75.0 72.9 68.0 56.8 43.4 34.4

39.4 33.7 34.3 33.7 57.8 66.8 72.5 71.6 67.7 59.0 47.6 38.2

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) AVERAGE ( A

)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE! P)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.9 52.4 23.5 C. 57 2.3

7.9 53.5 23.5 0.60 2.5

11.8 52.9 23.7 C . 67 2.5

19.7 52.3 23.0 0. 70 2.5

39.4 52. 5 20.6 C . 8 3 1.5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

S T A- 39

NORFOLK , NEBRASKA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVITY== 0.025 , A = 53. 0 ,B0-= 24. C AND P0 = 0.54

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 34.7 34.8 39.4 48.0 57.7 66. 3 71.2 71.2 66.2 57.8 47.9 39.6

48.0 39.9 38.1 40.2 45.8 53. 1 60.7 66.0 67.9 65.6 60. 1 52.5 45.2

72.0 44.2 41.6 41.8 45. 1 50.3 56.5 61.6 64.4 64. 1 60.9 55.4 49.4

96.0 47.8 44.7 43.8 45. 3 48.8 53.6 58.0 61.3 62.2 60.6 57.0 52.3

120.0 50.4 47.4 45.9 46.2 48.3 51.7 55.4 58.6 60. 1 59. 8 57.6 54.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 41.3 39.8 41.6 46.6 53.1 59.8 64.5 66.2 64.2 59.3 52.5 46.1

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED 01 FEUS I V I T I ES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 69.3 70.9 71.2 71.5 71.9

48.0 63.9 67.0 67.9 68.5 69. 3

72.0 59.2 63. 3 64.4 65.3 66.6

96.0 55.8 59. 9 61.3 62.3 63.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

53.6 57. 2 58.6 59.7 61.4

SURFACE

TU 10 FT.

62.4 65. 3 66.2 66.9 67.9
ST-40

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.

UNKNOWN

BLUE GRASS SOD

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE FERENCE ( 5 ) PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1953-1955

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 32.9 34.9 39.3 50.4 62.0 69.6 78.7 75.2 67.6 59.7 45.9 35.9

3.0 33.6 35.0 39.7 49.9 57.6 67.9 73.9 72.0 66.7 60.2 46.7 38.2

10 .0 35.2 35.3 39.9 48.9 56.5 65.6 71.7 71.3 66.8 60.4 48.2 39.8

24.0 37.8 36.4 40.

47.0 54.4 62.6 68.3 69.8 66.4 61.4 50.8 42.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 54.5 22.3 C . 69 1.4

3.0 53.6 20.0 0.75 1.1

10.0 53.4 18.7 C . 80.8

24.0 53.2 16.7 0.94 0.6
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-40

NEfc BRUNSWICK t N. J.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 » A = 53. 0 t B0= 21. C AND P0 = 0.69

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A • 0 37.8 36.6 39.5 46. 3 54.6 62.8 68.1 69.4 66.2 59.6 50.9 43.1

48 .0 42.5 40.1 40.9 45. 1 51.2 58.0 63.3 65.9 64.9 60.9 54.5 47.9

72.0 4 6.4 43.4 42.9 45.0 49.2 54.6 59.4 62.6 63. 1 60.9 56.6 51.3

96.0 49.5 46.3 45.0 45.7 48.3 52.3 56.4 59.6 61.0 60.3 57.5 53.6

120.0 51.6 48.8 47.0 46.8 48.2 51.0 54.2 57.2 59.0 59.2 57.7 55.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 43.7 41.5 42.3 45.9 51.4 57.4 62.1 64.5 63.6 60.0 54.3 48.5

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 67.4 69.0 69.4 69.7 70. 1 48.0 62.0 65. 1 65.9 66.5 67.4

72.0 57.8 61.5 62.6 63.4 64.6

96.0 54.8 58.4 59.6 6 0.6 62.0

120.0 53. 1 56. 0 57.2 58.2 59.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

60.9 63.6 64. 5 65. 1 66.
ST-41

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ITHACA, NEW YORK

UNKNOWN

GRASS SOD

JEN-HU-CHANG

REFERENCE! 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1941-1946

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3 .0 32. 4 31,.4 35,.7 4 3. 8 54,.6 62. 9 67,»

6

66 • 3 63. 0 51. 3 41. 1 3 3..8

6 .0 32..8 31,.8 35,* 5 43. 3 53,.6 62. 2 67, l 66. 2 63. 3 52. 0 42. 0 34. 4

12 • 0 33. 9 32,.7 35,,2 42. 5 52,,1 60. 6 65,.8 6 5. 6 63. 1 53. 4 43. 5 36,. 1 24 .0 36. 5 34,.6 35,* 7 41. 6 49,.8 56. 4 63,,7 64. 5 62. 8 55. 3 46 • 6 39, 1 48 .0 40. 0 37,.7 37,.3 40. 6 45,.9 52. 8 58,.3 61. 0 61. 1 56. 9 50. 6 43, 9

96 .0 45. 7 43,.0 41,, 1 41. 6 53,.8 47. 5 51, 4 54. 5 56. 7 56. 1 53. 2 49,,3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE { P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.0 48.8 18.9 C. 71 1.3

6.0 48. 8 18.5 0.75 1.2

12.0 48.8 17.5 C • 83 1.1

24.0 49.0 15.4 0.97 1.1

48.0 48.9 12.2 1.23 0.6

96.0 49. 5 6.8 1.51 2.9
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-41

ITHACA, NEW YORK

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DI FEUS I VI TY=0.025, A= 49.0 ,80= 19.0 AND P0= 0.69

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 35.2 34.2 36.8 42.9 50.5 57.8 62.6 63.9 60.9 54.9 47.1 40.1

48.0 39.5 37.3 38.1 41.8 47.4 53.5 58.3 60.7 59.8 56. 1 50. 3 44.4

72.0 43. 1 40.3 39.8 41.8 45.6 50.4 54.8 57.6 58. 1 56.2 52.2 47.5

96.0 45.8 43.0 41.7 42.4 44.8 48.4 52.0 55.0 56.3 55.6 53. 1 49.6

120.0 47.8 45.2 43.6 43.4 44.7 47.2 50.1 52.8 54.5 54.6 53.2 50.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 40.6 38.6 39.3 42.6 47.5 53.0 57.3 59.4 58.6 55.3 50.2 44.9

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I F FU S I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SURFACE! IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 62.0 63. 5 63.9 64.1 64. 5

48.0 57.2 59.9 60. 7 61.2 62.0

72.0 53. 3 56. 7 57.6 58.4 59.5

96.0 50.7 53. 9 55.0 55.9 57.2

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

49. 1 51. 7 52.8 53.7 55.1

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

56.2 58. 6 59.4 60.0 60.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

OATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIQC OF OBSERVATION

ST-42

ITHACA, NEW YORK

LOAM

GRASS-SOD

US WEATHER R.C.

1943-1947

OBSERVEO MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0. 3 1.6 31.2 36.0 A3.

5A.2 65.0 69.0 66. A 57.8 49.8 39.2 33. A

3.0 32.2 31.8 35.0 A2.8 52.8 63.8 68.6 66.0 58.

50.6 AO. A 3 A • A

6.0 32.8 32.2 35.2 A 1 . A 52.

63. A 67.

66.0 58.8 51.2 A 1 • 2 35.2

12.0 33.8 33.2 35.2 A 1 • 6 51.2 61. A 66.2 6A.0 59.0 51.0 AA.O 37.2

24*0 36.6 36.2 35.6 A 1 .

A8.8 59.0 6A.2 64.2 *0.2 54.4 A7.6 AO. 6

48.0 AO.38. A 37.

AO.

6

A5.2 52.0 59.2 61.0 59.* 55.8 51.0 A 5 • A

96.0 A 6 .

A3.

A1 .A A 1 • 6 A3.A8.2 52.6 55.4 56 .* 55.8 52.7 A9.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE! A) AM PL I T UDE ! B

)

PHASE ANGLE! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

0 . A 8 .19.1 0.64 3. 1 3.0 A8.2 18.5 C.69 3.1

6.0 A 8 .

18.0 0.73 3.0

12.0 A8 .16.5 C. 80 2.6

2A.0 A 9 .15.0 0.96 2.7

A8.0 A 8 .

9

11.8 1.25 2.6

96.0 A 9 .

7.7 1.65 . 1.2

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS ( •

)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S U N D

0 . 30.1 31.6 37.3 A6.6 56.2 6A • 1 67.8 66.5 60.3 51.3 Al. A 33.8

3.0 30.8 31.9 3 7.2 A6 . 1 55.63. 3 67.2 66.2 60.4 51.8 42 • 1 34.6

6.0 3 1 • A 32.2 37.2 4 5.6 5A.7 62.5 66.5 65.8 60.5 52.2 A2.8 35. A

12.0 32.7 32.9 37.1 A A. 8 53.

61.0 65.2 65.1 60.6 53. 1 AA.2 36.9

2 A • 0 35. 1 3 A . A 37.3 A3.51.1 58.2 62.7 63.6 60.5 54.3 A6.6 39.7

A8.0 39.5 37.5 38. A A2.2 A7.7 53. 7 58.3 60.5 59.5 55.7 50.0 AA.2

96.0 A 5 .

9

A3.A2.0 A2.7 A5.0 A8.5 52.0 54.8 56.0 55.3 52.9 A9.5

!*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-42

ITHACA, NEW YORK

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 49.

YEAR

0 , BO = 19. C AND P0= 0.64

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 34.9 34.3 37. 3 43.6 51.2 58.4 62.9 63.8 60.5 54.3 46.4 39.5

48.0 39.2 37.3 38.3 42.3 47.9 54.0 58.6 60.7 59.6 55.6 49.8 43.9

72.0 42.7 40 .2 3 9.9 42.1 46.0 50.9 55.1 57.8 58.0 55.9 51.8 47.0

96.0 45.5 42.8 41.7 42.6 45.1 48. 7 52.4 55.2 56. 3 55.4 52.8 49.2

120.0 47.5 45.0 43.5 43.4 44.8 47.4 50.4 53.0 54.5 54.6 53.0 50.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 40.3 38.6 39.5 43.0 48.0 53. 5 57.6 59.4 58.4 54. 9 49.7 44.4

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 62.0 63.4 63.8 64.0 64.4

48.0 57.3 60. 0 60.7 61.3 62.0

72.0 53.5 56. 8 57.8 58.5 59.6

96.0 50.8 54. 1 55.2 56.1 57.3

120.0 49.2 51.9 53.0 53.9 55.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

56.3 58. 7 59.4 60.0 60.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF' EARTH SURFACE

OATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST-43

RALEIGH, N.C.

SANDY LOAM

BARE

CLIMATOLOGICAL data

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 H D

4.0 4 1.6 44.7 48.6 62.1 72.6 77. 6 79.7 80.4 74.7 66.6 54.8 43.3

8.0 4 1.4 44.4 48.4 60.8 71.9 76. 9 79.3 79.4 74.3 66 .

55. i 43.8

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE (A)

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMP L I T UDE ( B ) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4 .

62.4 20.2 C . 62 3. 1 8.0 62.0 19.8 0.64 2.9
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION RALEIGH, N.C

STA-43

CALCULATEC EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 62.

YEAR

0 , BG=: 19. 0 AND P0= 0.60

OE PTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 47.7 47.4 50.7 57.2 64.8 71.9 76. 1 76.6 73. 1 66. 7 58.8 52.0

48.0 51.9 50.2 51.5 55.7 61.4 67.5 71.9 73.8 72.3 68.2 62.3 56.4

72.0 55.4 53.1 53.0 55.3 59.4 64.2 68.4 70.9 71.0 68.6 64.4 59.7

96.0 58.2 55.6 54.7 55. J 58.3 62.0 65.6 68.3 69. 3 68.3 65.5 61.9

120.0 60.3 57.8 56.4 56. 5 58.0 60. 7 63.6 66.2 67.6 67.5 65.9 63.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 53.1 51.5 52.7 56.4 61.5 66.9 70.8 72.5 71.2 67. 5 62.3 57.1

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 75.0 76.3 76.6 76.9 77.2

48.0 70.5 73. 1 73.8 74.3 75.0

72.0 66. 7 70. 0 70.9 71.6 72.7

96.0 64.0 67. 3 68.3 69.2 70.5

120.0 62.3 65. 1 66.2 67.1 68.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

69.3 71.7 72.5 73.0 73.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST-44

COLUMBUS, OHIO

SI LT LOAM

GRASS

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE (IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4.0 31.0 32.2 37.2 48.2 58.8 66.4 70.9 69.9 67. 1 55.6 43.9 32.8

8.0 34. 5 34.6 38.9 48.1 59.7 69.6 72.8 72.8 69.6 56.4 46.8 34.8

20.0 37.5 36.0 39.4 46.6 56.7 65.5 69.4 70.0 67.6 59.7 49.3 40.7

39.0 41.6 39.5 41.2 46.5 54.7 61.9 66.7 68.

67.2 60.8 53.2 45.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

A VER AGF ( A ) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4.0 51.3 21.0 0.70 2.8

8.0 53. 3 21.0 C. 72 2.6

20.0 53. 3 17.8 0.86 1.8

39.0 54.0 14.7 1.00 1.6
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-44

COLUMBUS, OHIO

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 , A = 53. 0 , BO = 22 .0 AND P0 = 0.65

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0

24.0 36.8 35.9 39.3 46.6 55.4 63.8 69.70. l 66.4 59.2 50.2 42.1

48 * 0 41.7 39 .4 40.6 45. 1 51.6 58. 7 64.1 66. 6 65.3 60.8 54.0 47.2

72.0 45.8 42.8 42.5 44.9 49.4 55. 1 60.0 63. 2 63.5 61.0 56. 3 50.8

96.0 49.0 45.

44.6 45.5 48 .4 52.6 56.8 60. 1 61.4 60.5 57.4 53.3

120.0 51.3 48.4 46.7 46.5 48 .

51. 1 54.5 57. 6 59.4 59.4 57.7 54.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 43.0 40.9 41.9 46.0 51.8 58.

62.9 65. 1 63.9 59.9 53.9 CD •

r» TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE ( IN) 0.0 10 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 68.

69. 7 70. 1 70.4 70.8

48.0 62.6 65. 7 66 • 6 67.2 68. 1 72.0 58.2 62.0 63.2 64.0 65.3

96.0 55.58. 9 60. 1 61.1 62.6

120.0 53.2 56. 4 57.6 58.6 60.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

6 1.4 64. 2 65. 1 65.7 66.7
ST-45

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

CO SHOCT ON t OH I 0

SILT LOAM

ME /DOW

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE EERENCE ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1942-1955

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

AC E ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0.5 31.6 32.0 38.4 48.1 59.2 71.2 75.5 73.9 69.9 55.5 41.6 33.0

3.0 32.6 32.5 38.0 4 6.6 57.9 69.2 72.8 71.4 65.7 54.8 42.4 34.3

6.0 33.0 32.9 38.5 47.6 58.2 69.4 72.9 72.0 67.1 56.9 44.8 43.0

12.0 34.6 33.9 38.0 46.4 55.6 65.8 70.5 70.2 65.9 57.3 46.7 37.7

24.0 36.6 35.0 38.8 46.2 55.0 63.4 68.8 68.6 65.5 57.6 48.3 38.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVER AGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE { P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

0.5 52.6 23.2 0.67 1.7

3.0 51.6 21.2 C • 68 1.2

6.0 53. 1 20.2 0.76 1.9

12.0 52.0 19.1 C.80 0. 6

24.0 52.0 17.4 0.84 0.7
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-45

COSHOCTON, OHI

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 , A = 52. 0 » B0=: 22. 0 AND P0 = 0.67

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 35.9 34.9 38. 1 45.3 54.1 62.5 67.9 69.2 65.6 58.6 49.5 41.4

48.0 40.9 38.4 39.5 4 3.9 50.4 5 7.5 62.9 65.5 64.4 60. 0 53.3 46.4

72.0 4 5.0 41.9 41.4 43.8 48.2 53.9 58.8 62.1 62.5 60.2 55.5 50.1

96.0 48.

44.9 4 3.6 44.4 47.2 51.4 55.7 59.0 60.4 59. 5 56.6 52.5

L20.0 50.4 47.5 45.7 45.5 47.1 50.0 53.4 56.5 58.4 58. 5 56.8 53.9

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 42. 1 39.9 40.8 44.8 50.5 56.9 61.7 64.1 6 3.0 59. 1 53.2 47.0

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN ) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0. 030 0.040

24.0 67. 1 68. 7 69.2 69.5 69.9

48.0 61.6 64. 7 65.5 66.2 67.1

72.0 57. 1 60. 9 62.

63.0 64.2

96.0 54. 0 57. 8 59.0 60.0 61.6

120.0 52.2 55. 3 56.5 57.5 59.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

60.4 63. 2 64. 1 64.7 65.7
ST-46

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

BARNSDALL»OKLA.

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

J E K-HU-C HANG

REFERENCED)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1950-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.9 41.1 43.0 44.8 54.3 66.3 76.0 80.8 81.2 73.2 65.0 47.9 41.6

7.9 42.6 44.4 46.4 55.7 67.2 77.0 81.3 82.6 74.6 66.4 50.2 43.3

11.8 46. 1 47.4 49.6 58.7 67.8 75.6 79.2 81.7 75.0 68.6 54.8 46.4

19.7 50.0 50.2 52.6 59.6 68.6 76.3 80.5 81.6 76.8 70.9 58.0 50.1

39.4 52.8 52.2 53.9 58.3 66.0 73.2 75.1 81.4 78.2 74.6 63.6 55.4

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPL ITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.9 60.0 21.3 0.68 2.3

7.9 61.1 20.9 C • 70 2. 1 11.8 62.7 18.3 0.73 1.7

19.7 64. 7 16.8 C. 77 1.6

39.4 65.5 14.4 1.01 1.7
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

S T A - 4 6

BARNSDALLtOKL A.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVI TY=0.025, A= 65.0 ,B0= 21.0 AND P0= 0.65

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S G N D

24.0 49.5 48.7 51 .

58.9 67.3 75.3 80.3 81.3 77.8 71.0 62. 3 54.6

48.0 54.2 52.0 53.1 57.5 63.7 70.5 75.6 78.0 76.7 72.4 66.0 5 9.4

72.0 58.1 5 5.3 54.9 5 7.3 61.6 67.0 71.7 74.7 75.0 72.7 68.2 62.9

96.0 61.2 58.2 57.0 57.8 60.6 64. 6 68.7 71.8 73. 1 72.1 69.2 65.3

120.0 63.4 60.6 58.9 58.8 60.4 63.2 66.5 69.4 -71.

71.2 69.5 66.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 55.4 53.5 54.4 58. 3 63.8 69. 9 74.4 76.5 75. 4 71.6 65.9 60.1

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED 0 I F FU S I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 79.4 80. 9 81.3 El.

6

82.0

48.0 74.2 77. 2 78.0 78.5 79.4

72.0 70.0 73. 6 74. 7 75.5 76. 7

96.0 67.0 70. 6 71.8 /2 • 8 74.2

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

65.2 68.2 69.4 70.4 71.9

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

73.0 75. 7 76. 5 77.2 78.1
ST-4 7 EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

HOM I NY « OKLA . UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE FERENCE ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1950-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMP fcR ATURE S

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE (IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.9 46.2 46.4 50.2 57.5 68.1 77.8 84.7 84.8 79.2 69.4 55.7 49.0

7.9 44.4 44.7 48.7 55.8 67.5 77.9 85.1 85.4 79.4 68 .

54.3 46.8

11.8 45.8 46.0 49.8 56.7 67.7 76. 8 83.5 83.8 78.2 68.9 55.3 48.7

19.7 48.9 46.6 50.0 56.6 67.8 76. 7 83.2 83.0 78.0 68.4 59.2 48.2

39.4 48.4 45.7 49.1 55.9 66.0 73.8 80.1 82.1 77. 1 68.2 61.6 47.3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVER AGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.9 64.2 20.2 C. 78 1.6

7.9 63. 3 21.5 C. 77 1.8

11.8 63.5 19.9 0.78 1.5

19.7 64.0 18.9 C . 80 1.7

39.4 63.0 18.2 0.87 1.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION HO MI NY t OKLA

STA-47

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DI FFUS IVITY=0.025, A = 63.0 ,80= 21.0 AND PO* 0.73

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 48.0 46.5 49.2 55.7 64.0 72.2 77.8 79.5 76.6 70.2 61.6 53.7

48.0 52.8 50.2 50.7 54.7 60.7 67.5 72.9 75.8 75.1 71.3 65.0 58.4

72.0 56.8 53.6 52.8 54.9 58.8 64.2 69.0 72.4 73.2 71.2 66.9 61.8

96.0 59.7 56.5 55.0 55.6 58.1 62.0 66. 1 69.4 71.0 70.4 67.8 63.9

120.0 6 1.9 58.9 57.1 56.7 58.0 60.7 64.0 67.0 68.9 69.3 67.9 65.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 54.0 51.6 52.1 55.6 60.9 67.0 71.8 74.4 73.8 70.4 64.8 58.9

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FFUS I VI T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FFUS I V I T I ES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 77.3 79. 1 79.5 79.8 80.2

48.0 71.9 75. 0 75.8 76.5 77.3

72.0 67.6 71. 3 72.4 73.3 74.5

96.0 64.7 68. 2 69.4 70.4 71.9

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

63.0 65. 8 67.0 68.0 69.6

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

70.8 73. 6 74.4 75.1 76.0
ST-48

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

LAKE HEFNER, OKLA.

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

JE N-HU-CHANG

REFERENCE { 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1950-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.9 39.3 41.7 49. 1 58.3 72.0 81.0 81.9 83.6 75.6 70.7 51.8 41.9

7.9 4 1.3 41.5 49.0 57.3 69.0 80.2 8 6.6 86.5 78.6 71*8 53.7 44.9

11.8 44.7 43.5 49.8 59.4 69.8 78.8 81.8 84.5 78.1 74.6 58.6 47.9

39.4 49. 1 46.7 50.5 56.5 65.8 73.2 77.8 81.0 77.4 74.3 64.6 53.3

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE! B

)

PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.9 62.4 22.9 C. 66 2.4

7.9 63. 5 23.5 C . 75 1.7

11.8 6 4.4 20.7 C . 80 2.0

39.4 64.3 16.9 1.00 1.3
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-48

LAKE HEFNER, OKLA.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 , A = 64. 0 , B0= 23. 0 AND P0= 0.63

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 46.9 46.2 49.9 57. 7 66.9 75.6 80.9 81.8 77.8 70.2 60.7 52.3

48.0 52.0 49.8 51.1 56.0 62.9 70.2 75.7 78.2 76.7 71.9 64.8 57.7

72.0 56.3 53.3 53.0 55.7 60.5 66.4 71.5 74.7 74.9 72.3 67.3 61.5

96.0 59.6 56.4 55.2 56.2 59.3 63.8 68.2 71.5 72.8 71.7 68.5 64.2

120.0 62. 1 59.1 57.3 57.3 59.0 62.2 65.7 68.9 70.7 70.7 68.9 65.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 53.4 51.3 52.5 56.9 63.0 69. 5 74.4 76.6 75.3 71.0 64.7 58.4

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FFUS I V I T I FS

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW C I FF US I V I T I E

S

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 79.7 81.4 81.8 62.1 82.6

48.0 74. 1 77.4 78.2 78.8 79. 7 72.0 69.5 73. 5 74. 7 75.6 76.9

96.0 66.3 70. 2 71.5 72.6 74. 1 120.0 64.3 67. 6 68.9 70.0 71.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 72.8 75. 8 76.6 77.3 78. 3

TO 10 FT.
ST-49

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PAWHUSKA t OKLA

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

JEK-HU-CHANG

REFERENC E ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 19 50-1952

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

3.9 4 1.0 41.2 45.

56. 1 69.

80.6 81.7 82.6 74.4 65.6 48.4 41.4

7.9 39.8 40.43.8 53.9 65.8 76.6 79.8 80.8 73. 1 64.4 48.2 41.2

11.8 44. 6 4 4.6 48.0 56.4 65.5 74.4 78.4 80.8 74. 1 67.6 55.2 46.8

19.7 4 6.6 46.3 49.2 54.

64.5 72. 1 77.0 78.7 74.8 69.0 58.4 49.6

39.4 50.2 49.0 50.5 54.6 63.2 67.4 7 3.6 76. 5 74.8 70.2 62.2 54.1

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

3.9 60.7 22.8 C.65 2.1

7.9 59. 1 21.8 C. 69 1.8

11.8 61.5 18.5 C. 78 1. 1 19.7 61.8 16.8 0.89 1.0

39.4 62.2 13.9 1.06 1.0
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-49

P A WHUSKA , OK L

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 t A = 62. 0 , BO = 22.0 AND P0 = 0.61

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 45.5 45.0 48.8 56.3 65.1 73.3 78.3 79.0 75.0 67.6 58.5 50.6

48.0 50.4 48.4 49.8 54.6 61.2 68.2 73.4 75.6 74.0 69. 3 62.5 55.7

72.0 54.5 51.7 51.5 54.2 58.8 64. 5 69.3 72.3 72.4 69.8 64.9 59.4

96.0 57.7 54.7 53.6 54.7 57.7 61.9 66.1 69. 3 70.4 69.3 66.1 62.0

120.0 60.1 57.2 55.6 55.6 57.3 60.4 63.8 66.8 68.5 68.4 66.5 63.6

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

DO 10 FT.

51.7 49.9 51.1 55.4 61.3 67.5 72.1 74. i 72.7 68.5 62.4 56.4

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 77.0 78. 6 79.0 79.3 79.7

48.0 71.8 74. 8 75.6 76.2 77.0

72.0 67.4 71.2 72.3 73.1 74.3

96.0 64.3 68. 0 69.3 70.3 71.8

120.0 62.4 65. 5 66.8 67.8 69.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

70.5 73. 3 74. 1

-vj •

OD 75.7
ST-50

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF E A.R TH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

OT TAWAf ONTARI

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E. b. PENROD

REFERENCE (9

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1950

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SUR FAC E { IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

12.0 32.6 30.6 30.8 35.0 49.7 58.2 66.0 63.6 56.9 48.2 40.2 34.8

24.0 34.9 33.6 33.0 34.6 45.8 57.2 64. 1 63.4 58.8 51.6 43.5 38.1

A 8 .AO* 2 38.3 36.7 36.6 41.9 50. 1 56.3 58.8 57.9 54.1 48.4 42.8

96.0 A 6 • 0 A A • 5 A3.

41.8 41.6 43.9 47.5 50.5 52.3 52.7 51.4 48.4

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVER AGE { A ) AMPLITUDE! B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

12.0 45.6 17.5 C . 8 3 2.9

24.0 46.6 15.9 C • 98 2.7

48.0 46. 9 11.3 1.31 1.6

96.0 47.0 5.4 2.01 0.7

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS ( *

)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

12.0 30.0 29.8 33.9 41.8 50.8 59. 1 63.9 64.2 59.8 52. 1 42.7 34.8

24.0 33.6 32.1 34.4 40.2 47.7 55.2 60.3 61.9 59.4 53.6 45.9 38.7

48.0 39.5 36.8 36.7 39.3 43.9 49.5 54.3 57.2 57.3 54. 6 49.8 44.4

96.0 A 6 • 5 43.9 42.2 41.7 42.6 44.7 47.4 50.0 51.9 52.3 51.4 49.3

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =47.0,B0=21.0,PC*0.64 ,0^.012
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

ST A- 50

OTTAWA, ONTARIO

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 47.

YEAR

0 f bO = 21. G AND PO* 0.64

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE(IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 31.5 30.7 34.0 41.

49.5 57.4 62.4 63.3 59.7 52.8 44. 1 36.5

48.0 36.2 34.0 35.2 39.6 45.8 52.6 57.7 60.0 58.7 54.3 47.8 41.3

72.0 40.1 37.2 36.9 39. 3 43.7 49. 1 53.7 56.7 57.0 54.6 50.1 44.8

96.0 43.1 40.1 39.0 39.9 42.7 46.7 50.7 53.8 55.1 54. 1 51.2 47.2

120.0 45.3 42.5 40.9 40.9 42.4 45.3 48.5 51.4 53. 1 53. 1 51.5 48.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 37.4 35.5 36.5 40.4 45.9 52.0 56.5 58.5 57.4 53.5 47.8 42.0

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 61.4 62.9 63.3 63.6 64.0

43.0 56.2 59.2 60.0 60.6 61.4

72.0 52.0 55.7 56.7 57.5 58.7

96.0 49.0 52.6 53.8 54.8 56.2

120.0 47.2 50. 3 51.4 52.4 54.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 55.0 57. 7 58.5 59.2 60. 1 TO 10 FT.
S I — D 1 EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

CORVALLIS* OREGON

CLAY LOAM

UNKNOWN

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1961-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 A 0 .

A A • 5 A6.5 5 A. 1 58.0 70.6 78.0 75.2 65.6 54.6 45.1 40.9

4.0 AO . 0 A3.

6

A 5 • 2 52.5 5A.0 68.5 75.2 7A.3 65.9 54.9 45.6 41.8

8.0 38.6 A3. 1 A 3 .

50.7 5A.5 66. 1 72.9 72.3 63.7 53.8 44.9 40.5

20.0 A A • 0 A6 • 3 A 6 .

53. A 56.5 65.3 72.1 73.2 68.4 60.8 52.4 45.0

AO • 0 A 6 .

A6.7 A6.7 50.7 53.2 59.3 62.

67.7 66.7 62.3 55.7 49.9

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

2.0 56.0 17.9 C • 56 3.3

A • 0 55.0 16.9 C. 64 3.6

8.0 53.6 16. A C. 65 3.0

20.0 57.0 14.5 0.81 2.4

AO . 0 55.7 10.7 1.13 1.7

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 38.5 40.6 A 6 . A 55.2 63.9 70.8 73.5 71.5 65.2 56.7 47.7 41.2

A . 0 39.0 40.8 46.

5 A. 7 63.3 70. 1 72.9 71.3 65.4 57.1 48.3 41.9

8.0 AO. 1 41.3 46.

53.9 62.0 68.7 71.9 70.8 65.6 58.0 49.6 43.2

20.0 A 3 .42.46.

51.9 58.8 65.2 68.9 69.2 65.8 59.9 52.8 46.8

AO • 0 A 7 • 5 45.9 46.

9

50.3 55.2 60. 5 64.4 66. 1 65.0 61.6 56.5 51.4

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =56.0,60=18.0, PC=0. 53 ,C=.012
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-5I

CORVALLIS, OREGON

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

» A

OF

= 56.

YEAR

0 , BO = 18. 0 AND P0 = 0.53

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE II N ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 42.2 42.4 45.9 52.4 59.6 66.

69.7 69.6 65.8 59.5 52.0 45.8

48.0 46.1 44.9 46.4 50. 7 56.2 61.9 65.8 67. 1 65.4 61.2 55.5 50. L 72.0 49.4 47.4 47.6 50. 1 54.

58.7 62.5 64.6 64.3 61.8 57.7 5 3.2

96.0 52.0 49.7 49.

50.3 52.9 56.5 59.8 62.2 62.9 61.7 58.9 55.4

120.0 54.0 51.8 50.7 50.9 52.5 55. 1 57.9 60.2 61.4 61.

59.4 56.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 47.2 46.1 47.5 51.3 56.2 61.2 64.7 65.9 64.4 60. 7 55.6 50.7

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C.030 0.040

24.0 68.2 69. 4 69.6 69.8 70. 1 48.0 64.2 66. 5 67. 1 67.6 68.2

72.0 60.7 63. 7 64.6 65.2 66.2

96.0 58. 1 61. 2 62.2 63.0 64.2

120.0 56.5 59. 2 60.2 61.0 62.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

63.0 65. 3 65.9 66.4 67.2
ST-52

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PENDLETON, OREGON

LIGHT SOIL

THIN GRASS

E. N.FITTON

REFERENCE ( 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1850

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) JFMAMJJASOND

4.0 26.7 37.3 44.9 62.2 72.3 74.2 84.6 83.3 73.2 57.4 45.8 40.9

8.0 27.8 36.6 40.9 55. 3 66.3 68.4 77.6 75.8 66.5 53.7 43.2 41.8

12.0 30.4 37.1 39.8 52.2 63.1 65.8 73.7 73.3 65.7 54. 1 45.2 40.5

24.0 34.6 38.1 40.

50. 1 60.9 63. 7 71.0 71.7 66.7 57.3 48.5 45.0

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPL I T UDE ! B

)

PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4.0 58.2 26.4 0.52 3.6

8.0 54.0 22.9 C . 54 2.6

12.0 53.2 20.4 0.62 2. 1 24.0 53. 7 18.0 C • 75 1.7
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-52

PENDLETON, OREGON

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY=0.025» A = 53.0 ,60= 26.0 AND P0= 0.48

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 32.9 33.6 39.2 48.8 59.2 68.3 73.0 72.4 66.4 57.0 46.3 37.6

48.0 3 8.3 37.0 39.6 46.0 54.1 62. 1 67.5 69.0 66. 1 59.8 51.5 43.8

72.0 43.0 4C.5 41.1 45.0 50.9 57.5 62.8 65.5 64.8 60.9 54.8 48.4

96.0 46.8 43.8 43.1 45.0 49.0 54.2 59.0 62.2 62.9 60.9 56.7 51.7

120.0 49.8 46.6 45.2 45.8 48.3 52. 1 56.1 59.3 60.8 60.2 57.6 53.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE o . o 38.7 41.1 46.8 54.0 61. 1 65.9 67.3 64.7 59.1 51.6 44.9

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DI FEUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 70.5 72.0 72.4 72.7 73.0

48.0 65.0 68. 2 69.0 69.7 70.5

72.0 60.0 64. 3 65.5 66.4 67.7

96.0 56.3 60. 8 62.2 63.3 65.0

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

53.9 57. 9 59.3 60.5 62.3

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

63.2 66.4 67.3 68.0 69.0
S T - V"}

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

CALHOUN, S.C.

UNKNOWN

BARE

JEK-HU-CHANG

REFERENCE ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 19 50— L 95 1

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 .0 40. 0 41,,0 49,.4 57. 3 69,.2 75. 1 78. 1 77. 2 70. 8 59. 0 43. 7 40, 4

L2 .0 42. 6 44,. 1 51,.4 57. 7 70,.6 76. 8 80. 2 80. 7 74. 7 67. 1 51. 9 44..0

18 .0 45. 8 46.,6 53,.5 59. 1 71,.6 77. 5 81. 3 82. 0 77. 3 68. 1 56. 6 47,.4

24 .0 47. 3 47,,0 53,.5 58. 1 70,.6 76. 5 80. 6 81. 2 77. 6 70. 4 59. 0 49,.6

36 .0 48. 7 47, 8 52,.7 5b • 4 67..5 73. 1 78. 2 78. 8 77. 0 71. l 62. 1 52,.8

48 • 0 50. 4 49,.2 52, 6 55. 6 65,.0 70. 4 76. 2 77. 3 76. 6 71. 6 64. 2 55,.9

60 • 0 52. 9 51,,2 53,,4 56. 3 64,. 1 69. 4 74. 7 75. 9 76. 6 72. 8 66 . 7 59,.3

72 .0 54. 7 52,.4 53..7 55. 9 62..5 67. 9 71. 9 74. 3 75. 3 72. 8 67. 7 61,. 6

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE! A) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE(P) DEVIATION

2.0 58.5 20.5 C . 52.0

12.0 61.9 19.9 C. 65 1.7

18.0 64.0 18.9 C. 69 1.4

24.0 64.4 17.9 0.77 1.4

36.0 63.9 16.0 C • 9

1.2

48.0 63. 8 14.4 1.04 0.9

60.0 64.5 12.9 1.16 0.9

72.0 64.3 11.5 1.28 0.9

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2.0 42.4 45.5 53.1 64. 1 74.7 82.7 85.6 82.6 74.4 63.8 52.8 45.2

12.0 44.5 46.3 52.5 62. 1 72 .0 79.9 83.4 81.7 75. 1 65. 7 55.6 48.0

18.0 45.7 46.9 52.3 61.2 70.5 78.4 82.2 81.2 75.3 66.7 57.0 49.5

24.0 47.0 47.5 52.2 60.3 69.2 76.9 81.0 80.5 75.5 67.5 58.4 51.0

36.0 49.3 48.9 52.2 59.0 66.8 74. 1 78.6 79. 1 75.5 68.9 60.8 53.8

48.0 51.5 50.3 52.6 58.0 64.9 71.7 76.3 7 7.7 75.2 69.9 62.7 56.2

60.0 53.6 51.8 53.1 57.4 63.4 69.6 74.2 76.2 74.7 70. 5 64.3 58.3

72.0 55.5 53.3 53.8 57. 1 62.2 67.8 72.3 74.7 74. 1 70.8 65.6 60. 1

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =64.0,BQ=22.0, PG=0.49 ,D=.Q26
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION CALHOUN, S.C

STA-53

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 64 • YEAR

0 ,80= 22. 0 AND P0 = 0.49

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A • 0 47.0 47.6 52.2 60.3 69.1 76. 8 80.9 80.5 75.5 67.6 58.5 51.1

48.0 51.6 50.4 52.6 58.0 64 * 8 71.6 76.2 77.6 75.2 69.9 62.8 56.3

72.0 55.6 53.4 53.9 57. 1 62.1 67.7 72.2 74.6 74.0 70.8 65.6 60.2

96.0 58.9 56.2 55.6 57.2 60.6 65.0 69.0 71.8 72.4 70.8 67.2 63.0

120.0 61.3 58.7 57.4 57.9 59.9 63. 2 66.5 69.3 70.6 70. 1 67.9 64.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 53.0 51.9 53.9 58.6 64.7 70.8 74.9 76. 1 74.0 69. 3 63.0 57.1

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 78.8 80.2 80.5 80.7 81.0

48.0 74.

76.9 77.6 78.1 78.8

72.0 69.9 73. 5 74.6 75.4 76.5

96.0 6 6.8 70. 5 71.8 72.7 74.1

120.0 64.8 68. 1 69.3 70.3 71.9

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACF

TO 10 FT.

72.6 75. 3 76. 1 76.7 77.6
UNION, S.C.

SANDY LOAM

GRASS SOD

S T- 54

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE C LIMATOLOGICAL DATA

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S 0 N D

1.0 37.0 39.7 42.8 54.1 65.7 73. 1 76.4 75.6 72.2 59.9 51.7 38.9

4.0 38.6 41.3 44.1 54.9 66.2 73.1 77.1 76.7 72.9 62.0 53.3 41.0

12.0 40.9 43.5 46.2 56.1 67.2 74.1 78.1 78.2 74.6 65.2 56.5 43.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH bELQto

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGEtA) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 57.3 20.4 C . 68 2.8

4.0 58.5 19.8 0.70 2.8

12.0 60.4 19.2 C. 75 2.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION UNION, S.C

STA-54

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 » A = 59. 0 ,B0=: 20.0 AND P0= 0.67

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A • 0 A A® A 43.4 46.4 52.9 60.9 68.6 73.5 74.6 71.4 65.0 56.7 49.3

48.0 48.

9

46.7 47.6 51.6 57.5 64.0 68.9 71.3 70.3 66. 3 60.2 53.9

72.0 52.6 49.8 49.4 51.5 55.6 60. 7 65.2 68.2 68.6 66 • 4 62.2 57.2

96.0 55.5 52.6 5 1.4 52. 1 54.7 58.5 62.3 65.4 66.7 65.9 63.2 59.4

120.0 57.6 54.9 53.3 5 3. 1 54.5 57.2 60.3 63.1 64.8 64.9 63.4 60.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 50.0 48.0 48.8 52.4 57.7 63.4 67.8 70.0 69.0 65.5 60.0 54.5

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I FFUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIV ITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 72.7 74. 2 74.6 74.9 75.3

48.0 67.7 70. 5 71.3 71.9 72.7

72.0 63.6 67. 1 68.2 69.0 70. 1 96.0 60.8 64. 2 65.4 66.3 67.7

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

59. 1 62. 0 63.1 64.0 65.5

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

6 6.6 69. 2 70.0 70.6 71.5
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF FARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-55

MADI SON, S.D.

SILTY CLAY

GRASS SOD

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

1961-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

FACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

A • 0 2 A. 6 29.2 32. A A3.

61.2 70.0 73.2 73.

62.6 53.2 AO.

33.5

9.0 26.6 30.5 32.9 A 1 • 6 58.9 67.7 73.0 72. A 62.8 5 A . 0 A2.2 35.9

20.0 27.9 28.2 30.3 36. 1 51.1 59. A 66.0 67.0 60.6 53. A A3. A 36.1

AC • 0 31.7 28.8 29.1 52.0 A5.0 38.6

RESLLTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A ) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

A . 0 50. 1 2 A. 0 C . 6 7 2.2

8.0 50. 1 22.5 0.73 2.3

20.0 A6 • 8 19.7 C • 90 1.9

AO • 0 A 2. A 13.9 1.27 0.6

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

A • 0 22.8 2 A • 5 31.7 A3.

55.9 66.2 71.1 69.6 61.8 50.2 37.5 27.7

8.0 2 A. 5 25.

31.6 A2.3 5A.0 6A • 1 69.3 68.7 62.0 51.5 39.5 29.8

20.0 29.5 28.3 31.9 39.7 A9.2 58. A 6A.3 65.7 61.8 5A.2 AA.3 35.5

AO . 0 36.6 33.6 3A.0 38.0 AA.2 51.

57.2 60. A 59.9 55.9 A9.A A2.5

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A. =47.0,60=26.0, PC=0.59 ,D=.010
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

S I MAD I SON * S. D .

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY= 0.025 t A = 47. 0 t BO = 26. 0 AND P0 = 0.59

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 27.4 27.0 31.6 40.6 51.0 60. 7 66.4 67.0 62.0 53.2 42.4 33.2

48.0 33.2 30.9 32.7 38.5 46.3 54. 6 60.6 63. 1 61.1 55.4 47.2 39.3

72.0 3 7.9 34.7 34.7 37.9 43.5 50.2 55.8 59.2 59.2 56.0 50.2 43.7

96.0 41.7 38.2 3 7.0 38.4 42.0 47. 1 52.0 55.7 57.0 55. 5 51.7 46.8

120.0 44.6 41.2 39.4 39.5 41.6 45. 2 49.3 52.8 54. 7 54.5 52.3 48.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 34.7 32.7 34.3 39.4 46.4 53.8 59. 1 61.3 59.5 54. 5 47.2 40. 1 TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I F FU S I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN} 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 64.8 66. 6 67.0 67.3 67.8

48.0 58.6 62.2 63. 1 63.8 64.8

72.0 53.5 57. 9 59.2 60.2 61.6

96.0 49.8 54. 3 55.7 56.9 58.6

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

47.5 51.3 52.8 54.0 55.9

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

57. 1 60. 3 61.3 62.1 63.2
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

ST-56

JACKSON, TENN.

SILT LOAM

COARSE GRASS

US WEATHER R.C.

PER I OC OF OBSERVATION 1949-1951

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4.0 43.3 43.8 50.6 59.8 67.6 75.6 79.0 75.8 70. 1 61.3 44.7 41.1

12.0 45.2 45.1 48.0 54. 7 64.5 74. 3 76.6 75.2 70. 1 61.5 47.3 43. 1 24*0 49. 1 46.8 50.7 53.3 63.8 68.8 73.1 73.4 69.8 65. 1 51.6 48.3

48.0 50.5 50.1 51.3 53.7 60.2 66.0 69.7 70.4 69.6 64.6 56.8 51.7

72.0 52.1 51.4 51.4 52.2 56.8 60.9 64. 1 65.8 67.3 65.0 60.1 53.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

4.0 59.5 19.1 C • 49 3.8

12.0 58.8 17.5 C. 62 3.2

24.0 59.6 13.8 0.77 2.6

48.0 59.6 10.9 C. 94 1.3

72.0 58.5 8.2 1.25 1.2

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED CEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4.0 40.9 43.8 50.7 60.6 69.9 76.9 79.2 76.2 68.8 59.3 49.6 43.0

12.0 42.4 44.4 50.2 59.0 67.8 74.7 77.6 75.7 69.4 60. 8 51.8 45.2

24.0 44.7 45.5 49.8 57.2 65.0 71.8 75.2 74.6 69.9 62.7 54.6 48.1

48.0 49.

48.1 50.1 54.9 60.9 66.9 70.8 71.9 69. 7 65.0 58.8 53.1

72.0 52.8 50.9 51.3 54. 1 58.3 63.2 67.1 69.1 68.7 65.9 61.4 56.7

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =60.0,80=20.0, PC = 0. 44 ,D=.022
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION JACKSON, TENN

STA-56

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVITY = 0.025 , A = 60. 0 ,60 it fv o • 0 AND P0 = 0.44

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 44.4 45.3 49.8 57.4 65.4 72.2 75.5 74.7 69.8 62.5 54.2 47.8

48.0 48.5 47.7 50.0 55. 1 61.4 6 7.4 71.4 72.3 69.8 64.8 58.3 52.5

72.0 52. 1 50.3 51.0 54. 1 58.7 63.8 67.8 69.7 68.9 65.8 61.0 56.1

96.0 55.0 52.8 52.4 54. 1 57.2 61.3 64.8 67.2 67.6 65.9 62.6 58.7

120.0 57.3 55.0 54.0 54.6 56.5 59.5 62 e 6 65.0 66.0 65.4 63.3 60.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 49.8 49 .

51.1 55.6 61.2 66.6 70. 1 70.9 68.7 64 .

58.5 53.3

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED 01 F FUS I V I T I 6S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITI6S

SURFACE! IN

)

0.010 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 73.4 74. 5 74. 7 74.9 75.2

48.0 69.3 71.7 72. 3 72.7 73.4

72.0 65.5 68. 8 69. 7 70.4 71.3

96.0 62.7 66. 1 67.2 68.0 69. 3

120.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

60.8 63.9 65.0 65.9 67.3

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

67.9 70. 3 70.9 71.5 72.2
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED! BY

DATA SOURCE

TEMPLE, TEXAS

ABILENE CLAY

HORTICULTURAL

US WEATHER R.C.

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1919-1924

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 50.8 53.3 59.4 68. 3 79.9 85.3 92.0 92.5 84. 1 72.6 58.8 53.0

3.0 50.7 52.7 58.7 67.8 79.0 84.9 90.7 92.3 83.9 71.8 58.2 52.7

6.0 51.8 53.2 58.8 64 .

6

78.3 83. 6 89.8 90.9 83.3 71.7 61.0 53.7

12.0 52.9 53.9 58.6 65.8 75.9 83. 5 87.0 88.6 83.4 73.5 62.6 55.4

24.0 55.9 55.3 58.6 64.8 72.6 78.9 83.1 87.4 82.6 75.8 65.6 58.8

36.0 58.8 57.6 59.5 64.2 70.5 76. 5 80.8 83.8 82.2 77.9 69.1 62.1

48.0 55.5 58.9 60.2 63.5 67.8 74.2 78.4 81.4 81.0 77.7 70.8 64.6

RESULTS OF LEAST

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A )

SQUARES ANALYSIS

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 70.9 21.1 C. 60 4.2

3.0 70.4 20.9 C. 61 3.9

6.0 70. 1 19.8 0.67 3.9

12.0 70.2 18.2 C • 7

2.9

24.0 70.0 15.6 0.86 2.7

36.0 70. 3 13.2 1.02 1.9

48.0 69. 6 12.1 1.12 4.0

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED CEPTHSt *)

MONTH1 OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 49.3 51.4 58.1 68.4 78.8 87. 1 90.7 88.7 81.5 71.5 60.7 52.8

3.0 49.8 51.6 57.9 67.9 78.2 86.5 90.2 88.5 81.6 71.9 61.4 53.4

6.0 50.5 52.0 57.8 67. 3 77.3 85.5 89.4 88. 1 81.8 72.5 62.3 54.4

12.0 52.0 52.7 57.7 66.3 75.6 83.7 87.9 87.3 82.0 73.6 64.0 56.2

24.0 54.9 54.4 57.7 64.6 72.7 80.3 85.0 85.6 82.0 75.3 66.9 59.6

36.0 57.6 56.2 58.2 63.6 70.5 77.4 82.2 83.8 81.6 76.3 69.2 62.5

48.0 60.0 58.0 59.0 63.0 68.7 75.0 79.8 82.0 80.9 76.9 71.0 64.9

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =70.0,B0=21.0,P0=0.58 ,D=.019
FAR TH TEMPERATURE STATION TEMPLE, TEXAS

ST A- 5 7

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0*025

MONTH

» A

OF

= 70.

YEAR

0 , BO = 21 e 0 AND P0 = 0.58

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A 5 0 N D

24*0 54.1 53.9 57.7 65.0 73.4 81.2 85.7 86. 1 82.0 74. 9 66.2 58.7

48.0 58.7 57.0 58.5 63.2 69.6 76.3 81.1 83. 0 81.3 76. 7 70. 1 63.6

72.0 62.6 60.1 60.1 62.8 67.3 72. 7 77.2 79. 9 79.8 77.2 72.5 67.2

96.0 65*7 62.9 61.9 63. 1 66.1 70.2 74.1 77. 1 78.0 76.9 73.7 69.7

120.0 68.0 6 5.3 63.8 64.0 65.7 68.6 71*9 74. 7 76*2 76.0 74.2 71.3

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 60.0 58.4 59.8 64 • 0 69 « 6 75. 6 79.9 81. 6 80. 1 75.9 70.1 64.3

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 84.3 85. 8 86. 1 86.4 86.7

48.0 79.4 82. 3 83.0 83.6 84.3

72.0 75.3 78. 9 79.9 E0.7 81.8

96.0 72. 3 75.9 77. 1 78.0 79.4

120.0 70.4 73. 5 74.7 75.7 77.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

f—4 f

cc 80. 8 81.6 82.2 83. 1
ST-58

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE CF EARTH SURFACE

OATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

TEMPLE, TEXAS

UNKNOWN

UNKNOWN

E. M.FITTON

REFERE NCE ( 4

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 19 18-1924

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 53. 1 52.6 59.4 69. 1 78.8 88.6 93.7 93.2 83.8 72.6 59.8 52.6

3.0 53.2 52.3 58.6 67.9 78.3 86.5 92.2 93.3 83.9 73. 1 60.2 52.8

6.0 53.3 52.7 58.7 67.5 77.3 85.6 91.7 92.3 83.8 73.3 60.9 53.4

12.0 54.6 53.5 58.1 65.9 74.9 83.4 87.8 88.9 83.8 74.8 62.9 55.4

2 A • 0 56.9 55.2 58.2 64.8 72.1 78.9 84.2 86.9 83.6 76.3 67.0 59.5

36.0 59.6 57.4 59.0 64.2 70.2 76.4 81.7 84.4 83.3 78.7 71.0 62.9

48.0 61.1 58 .9 59.0 63.6 68.7 74.0 79.2 82.2 82. 1 79.2 73.2 65.0

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

AVERAGE! A) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 71.5 21.5 0.60 1.7

3.0 71. 1 21.0 C • 64 1.8

6.0 71.0 20.4 0.66 1.6

12.0 70.4 18.3 C. 74 1.2

24.0 70.4 15.6 0.90 0.9

36.0 70.8 13.5 1.08 0.7

48.0 70.6 12.1 1.22 0.7

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED CEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 50.3 52.2 58.7 68.9 79.4 87.9 91.6 89.9 82.8 72.9 62. 1 54.0

3.0 50.9 52.5 58.6 68.5 78.7 87.2 91.1 89.6 83.0 73.4 62.8 54.7

6.0 51.7 52.9 58.5 67.9 77.8 86. 1 90.2 89.2 83. 1 74.0 63.8 55.8

12.0 53.3 53.7 58.4 66.8 76.0 84. 1 88.6 88.3 83.3 75. 1 65.6 57.7

24.0 56.4 55.6 58.6 65. 1 73.0 80. 6 85.4 86.4 83.2 76.7 68.6 61.3

36.0 59.3 57.6 59.2 64.2 70.8 77.6 82.5 84.4 82.6 77.7 70.9 64.3

48.0 61.9 59.5 60.1 63. 7 69.1 75.2 79.9 82.4 81.8 78.2 72.6 66.8

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =71.0, 80=21.0, P0 = 0. 60 ,D=.016
FARTH TEMPERATURE STATION TEMPLE, TEXAS

STA-58

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS IVI TY =0.025 , A ^ 71. 0 , BO = 21.

(

j AND PO = 0.59

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 55.2 54.9 58.6 65.8 74.3 82. 1 86.7 87.2 83.1 76.0 67.3 59.8

48.0 59.8 58.0 59 o 5 64. 1 70.5 77.2 82.0 84.0 82.4 77.8 71.2 64.7

72.0 63.7 61,1 61.1 63.7 68.2 73.6 78.1 80.9 80.9 78.3 73.6 68.3

96.0 66.7 6 3.9 62.9 64. 1 67.0 71.1 75. 1 78.0 79. 1 77.9 74.8 70.8

120.0 69.0 66.3 64.8 64.9 66.6 69.6 72.8 75.7 77.2 77.0 75.2 72.4

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 6 1. 1 59.4 60.7 64.9 70. 5 76. 5 CD O •

00 82.6 81.1 77.0 71.2 65.4

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED D I F FUS I V I T I E

S

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW D I FF US I V I T I E

S

SURFACE! IN) o , O o 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 85.

86. 8 87.2 87.4 87.8

48.0 80.4 83. 2 84.0 84.6 85.3

72.0 76.2 79. 8 80.9 81.7 82.8

96.0 73.2 76.9 78.0 79.0 80.4

120.0 71.4 74. 5 75.7 76.6 78.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 79.

81.8 82.6 83.2 84. 1 TO 10 FT.
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

ST-59

SALT LAKE CITY.UTA

SANDY LOAM

BARE

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA

1960-1962

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4*0 30.5 33.5 39.0 52.5 60.7 67,9 71.2 69. 1 60.4 51. i 40.0 32.1

8.0 31.3 33.5 38.8 51.7 59.6 67.0 70.5 69.3 60.7 52.1 41.2 33.2

20.0 32.0 34.4 38.2 49.0 56.1 63.2 67. 1 67.5 60.3 53.3 43.7 36.1

39.0 37.1 35.0 39.0 47.4 55.2 60. 1 64.9 66.8 61.4 55.8 46.3 40.7

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

DEVIATION

4.0 50. 8 20.6 C.51 2.6

8.0 50.8 20.0 0.55 2.5

20.0 50.2 17.5 C. 66 2.3

39.0 50.8 15.3 0.81 2. 1

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED DEPTHS!*)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

4.0 30.7 33.5 40.6 51.0 61.0 68.6 71.3 68.5 60.9 50.9 40.6 33.3

8.0 31.4 33.8 40.4 50.3 60.1 67. 7 70.6 68.3 61.1 51.5 41.5 34.2

20.0 33.4 34.7 40.0 48.6 57.6 65.0 68.6 67.4 61.7 53.3 44.0 36.9

39.0 36.5 36.3 39.8 46.6 54.3 61.3 65.4 65.7 61.9 55.3 47.3 40.6

(*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A -51.0,B0=21.0,PC=0.48 ,D=.035
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-59

SALT LAKE CITY,UTA

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUS I V I T Y =0.025 t A = 51. 0 « B0‘= 21. C AND P0= 4’ 00 o • MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURF AC E { I N ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A • 0 34*8 35.4 39.8 47.6 56.0 63.3 67.2 66.7 61.8 54.3 45.6 38.6

48.0 39.2 38.0 40.2 45.4 51.9 58.4 62.7 64.0 61.6 56.5 49.8 43.5

72.0 42.9 40.9 41.4 44.5 49 .3 54.6 58.9 61.1 60.5 57.4 52.5 47.3

96.0 46.0 43.5 43.0 44.6 47.8 52.0 55.8 58.4 59.0 57.4 54.0 49.9

120.0 A 8 .

45.9 44.7 45.2 47.2 50. 3 53.5 56. 1 57.3 56.8 54.7 51.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 40*5 39.5 41.4 46.0 51.8 57.6 61.4 62.5 60.4 55.9 49.9 44.4

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED 0IFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUS IVITIES

SURFACE! IN) o

r4 o • o 0.020 0.025 C. 030 0.040

24.0 65. 1 66. 4 66.7 66.9 67.2

48.0 60.7 63. 3 64.0 64.5 65.1

72.0 56.7 60. 1 61.1 61.8 62.9

96.0 53.7 57. 3 58.4 59. 3 60.7

120.0 51.7 54. 9 56. 1 57.1 58.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

59.3 61.8 62.5 63.1 63.9
ST-60

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

BURLINGTON, VT.

UNKNOWN

BARE

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE FERENCE ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1951-1955

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SUR F AC E { IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

0*2 29.5 29.6 32.7 45.5 58.6 69.9 78.2 72.1 62.5 49.4 38.0 32.2

1.0 29.5 30.0 34.5 45.7 58.2 69. 8 77.2 71.5 61.7 48.3 37.4 32.5

3.0 29.6 29.8 32.7 45.0 57.7 69.2 76.3 71.4 61.4 48.8 37.4 32.8

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) AVERAGE (A) AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

STANDARO

DEVIATION

0.2 50.0 24.0 0.62 2.7

1.0 49. 8 23.4 0.59 2.6

3.0 49.5 23.2 C.61 2.6
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-60

BURLINGTON, VT.

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

, A

OF

= 49.

YEAR

0 , BO = 26. 0 AND P0 = 0.60

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S G N

24.0 29.5 29.0 3 3.5 42.4 52.8 62.5 68.3 69.0 64.2 55.4 44.6 35.

48.0 35.2 32.9 34.6 40.4 48.2 56.5 62.5 65. 1 63.2 57.5 49.4 41.

72.0 40.0 36.8 36.7 39.9 45.4 52.1 57.7 61.2 61.3 58. 1 52.3 45.

96.0 43.8 40.3 39.0 40.4 44.0 49.0 54.0 57.7 59.0 57.6 53.8 48.

120.0 46.6 43.2 41.4 41.5 43.5 47.2 51.2 54.7 56.7 56.5 54.3 50.

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 36.8 34.7 36.2 41.3 00 • 55.7 61.0 6 3.3 61.6 56.6 49.4 42.

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 66.8 68. 6 69.0 69.4 69.8

48.0 60.6 64. 2 65. 1 65.8 66.8

72.0 55.4 59. 9 61.2 62.2 63.6

96.0 51.7 56. 2 57. 7 58. R 60.6

120.0 49.5 53. 2 54. 7 55.9 57.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 59.0 62. 3 63.3 64. 1 65.2

TO 10 FT.
ST-61

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PULLMAN, WASH.

SILTY LOAM

VEGETATION

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE TERENCE ( 5

)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1943-1951

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE1 IN) J F M

MONTH

A

OF

M

YEAR

J J A S 0 N D

l .0 33.7 33.4 38.3 50. 1 65.1 74.6 86.1 84.5 75.2 58.5 43.0 36.4

6.0 36.8 37.5 41.5 51.6 60.1 68.7 75.5 75.7 67.5 55.8 44. 1 40.2

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN

)

AVERAGE! A) AMPL I TUDE ! B

)

PHASE ANGLE I P

)

STANDARD

DEVIATION

1.0 56.7 26.9 C • 69 2.8

6.0 54.7 19.8 0.67 1.9
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION PULLMAN, WASH

STA-61

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED DEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVI TV :=0.025 t A = 48. O 33 o = 22.0 AND PO= 0.60

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 31.5 31.1 34.9 42.4 51.3 59.5 64.4 65.0 60.8 53.4 44.3 36.4

48.0 36.4 34 .4 35.9 40.7 47.3 54. 3 59.5 61.6 60.0 55.2 48.3 41.6

72.0 40.4 37.7 37.6 40.3 44.9 50.6 55.4 58.3 58.4 55. 7 50.8 45.3

96.0 43.6 40.6 39.6 40. 7 43.7 48.0 52.2 55.3 56.4 55.3 52.

47.9

120.0 46.0 4 3.1 41.6 41.6 43.4 46 ® 5 49.8 52.8 54.5 54.4 52.5 49.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 37.6 35.9 37.2 41.5 47.4 53.6 58.2 60. 1 58.7 54.4 48.3 42.3

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 6 3.0 64. 6 65.0 65.2 65.6

48.0 5 7.8 60. 8 61.6 62.2 63.0

72.0 53.4 57.2 58.3 59.2 60.4

96.0 50.3 54. 1 5 5.3 56.3 57.8

120.0 48.4 51.6 52.8 53.9 55.5

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

56.5 59. 3 60. 1 60.8 61.7
ST-62

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE OF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

PULLMAN, HASH.

UNKNOWN

BLUE GRASS SOD

E.M.FITTQN

REFERENCE!*)

PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1912-1913

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

1.0 31.7 *6.5 60.2 62.7 66.0 75.* 60.2 *2.0 *0.0 33.2

2.0 31.9 *5.* 57.8 63.2 65.9 73.2 58.9 *2.0 39.9 33.7

6.0 32.3 **.7 5*. 9 62. 3 6*.70.2 57.2 *2.* *0.* 3*.

12.0 32.7 **.8 52.8 62.2 6*.

9

67.7 56.7 *5.0 *2.2 36.0

2* • 0 35.6 **.3 50.6 59.0 62.8 66.5 58.5 *8.5 *5.0 39.2

36.0 37.5 **. 1 *8.9 56.3 60.9 6*.

58.9 50.9 *7.* *1.9

RES LLTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE { A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ! P

)

DEVIATION

1.0 49. 1 19.8 0.55 *.9

2.0 4 8.5 19.2 C. 56 *.3

6.0 *7.8 17.8 0.58 3.7

12.0 *8.0 16.8 C • 63 2.8

2 A • 0 *8.6 1 * • 7 0.78 2.2

36.0 *8.9 13.0 C . 92 1.8
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

STA-62

PULLMAN • WASH*

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025

MONTH

9 A

OF

= 48.

YEAR

0 » B0 = 19. 0 AND P0= 0.50

DEPTH BELOW

SURFAC E ( IN ) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

24.0 33.4 33.8 37.7 44.6 52.3 59.0 62.6 62.3 58.0 51.2 43.4 37.0

48.0 37.4 36.3 38.1 42.7 48.6 54. 5 58.5 59.7 57.7 53.2 47. 1 41.4

72.0 40.8 38.9 39.2 42.0 46.3 51.1 55.0 57.1 56.7 54.0 49.5 44.8

96.0 43.6 41.3 40.7 42. 1 45.0 48.8 52.2 54.7 55.2 53.9 50.9 47.2

120.0 45.7 43.4 42.3 42.7 44.4 47.2 50.1 52.5 53.7 53.3 51.4 48.7

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 38.6 37.6 39.2 43.3 48.5 53.8 57.3 58.4 56.7 52.6 47.2 42.2

TO 10 FT.

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED OIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW 01 FFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN) 0.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 60.8 62.0 62.3 62.5 62.8

48.0 56.7 59. 1 59.7 60.2 60.8

72.0 53. 1 56. 2 57. 1 57.8 58.8

96.0 50.3 53.6 54. 7 55.5 56.7

120.0 48.6 51.5 52.5 53.4 54.8

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE 55.5 57. 8 • <r 00 59.0 59.7

TO 10 FT.
S T-6 3

EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION

TYPE CF SOIL

TYPE OF EARTH SURFACE

DATA PROCESSED BY

DATA SOURCE

SEATTLE, WASH.

SAND OVER CLAY

BL IE GRASS

JEN-HU-CHANG

RE FERENCE ( 5 ) PERIOD OF OBSERVATION 1948-1950

OBSERVED MONTHLY AVERAGE EARTH TEMPERATURES

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE ( IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

19.7 38.9 39.6 45.4 49.7 55.7 60.4 62.8 64.3 61.9 55.3 50. 1 45.0

49.2 43.9 41.9 45.7 48.4 52.0 55.4 59.9 61.2 55.7 56.9 53.2 49.1

88.6 48.3 45.1 46.5 48.5 50.9 52.6 56.0 57.7 58.2 56.7 54.1 51.8

128.0 51.2 48.7 48.

49.3 54.7 51.5 54. 1 60.6 56.3 55.8 54.1 53.0

167.3 52.9 51.3 50.2 50.6 51.0 51.4 53.5 55.0 56. 1 56.0 54.9 54.2

206.7 52.3 52.4 51.7 51.2 51.2 51.3 52.8 53.9 54.5 54.7 54. 1 53.9

RESULTS OF LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS

DEPTH BELOW STANDARD

SURFACE! IN) AVERAGE ( A

)

AMPLITUDE(B) PHASE ANGLE ( P

)

DEVIATION

19.7 52.5 12.1 0.79 1.2

49.2 52.0 8.2 1.04 1.6

88.6 52.2 6.0 1.37 0.7

128.0 53. 1 4.3 1.40 1.9

167.3 53. 1 2.9 1.95 0.3

206.7 52.8 1.8 2.14 0.4

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT OBSERVED CEPTHS ( *

)

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

19.7 40.8 40.7 43.6 49.3 55.8 61.7 65.1 65.3 62. 1 56.6 49.9 44.2

49.2 44.5 43.

44.3 47.9 52.7 57.8 61.4 62.9 61.6 58.1 53.0 48.2

88.6 48.4 46.4 46.0 47.6 50.5 54.2 57.5 59.6 59.9 58.4 55.3 51.8

128.0 51.1 49.1 48.0 48.3 49.7 52.2 54.7 56.9 58.0 57.7 56.2 53.8

167.3 52.9 51.1 49.9 49.4 49.9 51.3 53. 1 54.9 56.2 56.6 56. 1 54.7

206.7 53.7 52.4 51.3 50.5 50.5 51. 1 52.2 53.5 54.8 55.5 55.5 54.9

{*) BASIC PARAMETERS USED FOR THE CALCULATION

A =53.0,80=15.0, PC=0. 64 ,D=.034
EARTH TEMPERATURE STATION SEATTLE'S WASH

STA-63

CALCULATED EARTH TEMPERATURES AT SELECTED CEPTHS

FOR DIFFUSIVITY =0.025 » A = 53. 0 f BO = 15. 0 AND P0 = 0.64

MONTH OF YEAR

DEPTH BELOW

SURFACE! IN) J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

2 A * 0 41.9 41.4 43.7 48.8 54.8 60.4 64.0 64.7 62. i 57.1 50.9 45.5

48.0 45.3 43.7 44.6 47.7 52.2 57.0 60.6 62.3 61.3 58.2 53.6 48.9

72.0 48.0 46.0 45.8 47.5 50.6 54.5 57.8 59.9 60. 1 58.4 55.2 51.5

96.0 50.2 48 .47.3 47.9 49.9 52.8 55.7 57.9 58.8 58. 1 56.0 53.2

120.0 51.8 49.8 48.7 48.6 49.7 51.8 54.56.2 57.4 57.4 56.2 54.2

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

S UR FACE 46.1

FO 10 FT.

44.3 45.5 48.3 52.2 56. 5 59.8 61.2 60.4 57. 7 53.5 49.4

CALCULATED AUGUST EARTH TEMPERATURE AT SELECTED DIFFUSIVITIES

AND SELECTED DEPTHS

DEPTH BELOW DIFFUSIVITIES

SURFACE! IN

)

(3.010 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040

24.0 63.3 64. 4 64. 7 64.9 65.1

48.0 59. b 61.7 62.3 62. 7 63. 3

72.0 56.6 59. 2 59.9 60.5 61.4

96.0 54. 5 57.0 57.9 58.6 59.6

120.0 53.2 55. 3 56.2 56.9 58.0

INTEGRATED

AVERAGE FROM

SURFACE

TO 10 FT.

58.7 60.7 61.2 61.7 62.4