No. 97-343 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 

1998 MT 32 

SPIKER COMMUNICATIONS, INC., 

a Montana Corporation, 

Plaintiff and Appellant, 

v. 

STATE OF MONTANA, through its DEPARTMENT OF 

COMMERCE and DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION; 

JON NOEL, Director of Department of Commerce; MATTHEW 

COHN, Director of Montana Tourism Development and 

Promotion Division; and NYLA J. JOHNSON, Contracts 

Manager, Purchasing Bureau, Department of Administration, 

Defendants and Respondents. 

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, 

In and for the County of Missoula, 

The Honorable C. B. McNeil, Judge presiding. 

COUNSEL OF RECORD: 

Filed: 

F or Appellant: 

Christopher B. Swartley, Jon G. Beal; Datsopoulos, MacDonald & 

Lind, Missoula, Montana 

For Respondents: 

Norman C. Peterson, Agency Legal Services, Helena, Montana 
Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court. 

~1 Appellant Spiker Communications, Inc. (Spiker) appeals from the order ofthe Fourth 

Judicial District Court, Missoula County, granting Respondent State of Montana's motion for 

change of venue and ordering venue moved to the First Judicial District Court, Lewis and 

Clark County. We reverse and remand. 

~2 Spiker raises the following issues on appeal: 

~3 1. Did the District Court err in granting the State's request for change of venue when 

the State failed to object to venue in its first filing in the District Court? 

~4 2. Did the District Court err in changing venue from Spiker's county of residence to 

Lewis and Clark County, the venue designated as the only proper venue in the State's 

Request for Bid Proposal? 

We find issue one dispositive, and, therefore, we will not address issue two. 

Factual and Procedural Background 

~5 In October 1995, the purchasing bureau of the Department of Administration (the 

Bureau) released a request for proposal (RFP) to Spiker and to Wendt Advertising, qualified 

businesses, seeking to award a contract to provide marketing and advertising for the Montana 

Tourism Development and Promotion Division of the Department of Commerce. The RFP 

was issued in accordance with § 18-4-304, MCA, and § 2.5.602, ARM, which require that 

bid proposals be sealed and kept confidential. Both Spiker and Wendt Advertising responded 

with formal, signed proposals. 

2 
~6 According to Spiker, on November 27, 1995, Spiker informed the Bureau's contracts 

manager that Spiker's confidential information had been provided to Wendt Advertising. 

The next day, Spiker notified the Bureau in writing of the irregularity in the procurement 

process. A few days later, Matthew Cohn (Cohn), Director of the Montana Tourism 

Development and Promotion Division, informed Spiker that he had shared the information 

contained in Spiker's RFP with Wendt Advertising. 

~7 On January 4, 1996, Cohn notified Spiker that the State was awarding the contract to 

Wendt Advertising. Spiker again notified the Bureau of the alleged irregularities in the 

procurement process, but the Bureau still did not conduct an internal review of the complaint. 

Spiker then contacted the Director of the Department of Commerce, who allegedly told 

Spiker that it was not harmed by Wendt Advertising's knowledge of the information 

contained in Spiker's RFP. 

~8 In July 1996, Spiker, a Montana corporation with its principal place of business in 

Missoula, Montana, filed a complaint in Missoula County, claiming that the State had 

breached the Montana Procurement Act, §§ 18-4-121 through 18-4-407, MCA. On 

September 18, 1996, the State filed a notice of appearance of counsel. The parties disagreed 

as to whether the complaint was subject to the requirements of the Tort Claims Act and, 

therefore, whether Spiker needed to comply with the 120-day administrative claim 

investigation period prior to filing a complaint against the State. See § 2-9-301, MeA. 

Rather than litigate the issue, the parties stipulated that the State would be given an additional 

90 days in which to investigate the claim and respond and that its response would not include 

a motion to dismiss for failure to properly serve any individual defendant or for failure to 

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comply with the Tort Claims Act. On S~ptember 30, 1996, the State filed the stipulation, 

together with a motion for extension of time in which to respond to the complaint. The 

District Court granted the State's stipulation and motion. 

,-r9 On December 13, 1996, the State filed a motion to dismiss and a motion for change 

of venue. The parties briefed the issues, and, on May 20, 1997, the District Court ordered 

that venue be changed to Lewis and Clark County. Spiker appeals from this order. 

Discussion 

,-rIO Under Rule 12(b)(ii), M.R.Civ.P., "if the county designated in the complaint is not the 

proper county for trial of the action, the defendant must at the time of defendant's first 

appearance request by motion that the trial be had in the proper county." Spiker argues that 

the State's filing of a notice of appearance of counsel and of a motion for extension of time 

constitute appearances in which the issue of venue should have been raised. The State argues 

that while the right to move for a change of venue can be waived by failing to file a motion 

for change of venue in conjunction with a responsive pleading, it is not waived by the simple 

act of filing a notice which informs the district court that the defendant is represented by 

counsel. We agree with Spiker that by filing a notice of appearance of counsel and motion 

for extension, the State "appeared" in the District Court, as that term is used in Rule 12(b). 

,-rl1 Acts of a defendant sufficient to constitute an appearance are set forth in § 25-3-401, 

MCA. This section states: "A defendant appears in an action when he answers, files a 

motion, or gives the plaintiff written notice of his appearance or when an attorney gives 

notice of appearance for him or has such appearance entered in open court." Section 25-3-

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401, MCA. Under the plain language of this statute, the State appeared in this action by 

filing a notice of appearance of counsel. 

~12 We applied § 25-3-401, MCA, in holding that the defendants had waived their 

objections to personal jurisdiction in Spencer v. Ukra (1991),246 Mont. 430, 804 P.2d 380. 

In Spencer, the district court entered a default judgment against the defendants after they 

failed to appear. The defendants filed a motion to set aside the default pursuant to Rules 

55(c) and 60(b), M.R.Civ.P. Spencer, 804 P.2d at 381. Subsequently, the defendants filed 

two stipulations in the district court, one providing that the default be set aside and the 

defendants be given 20 additional days in which to respond and the other that they be given 

additional time in which to respond to discovery requests. Spencer, 804 P.2d at 382. The 

district court entered an order setting aside the default and granting the defendants 20 days 

to respond. Spencer, 804 P.2d at 382. Several months later, on motion of the defendants, 

the court dismissed the action for lack of personal jurisdiction. Spencer, 804 P.2d at 382. 

~ 13 The plaintiff appealed to this Court, arguing that any objection to personal jurisdiction 

had been waived. Spencer, 804 P.2d at 382. We noted that under Rule 12, M.R.Civ.P., an 

objection to lack of personal jurisdiction must be made at the time of the defendants' initial 

appearance in the district court. Spencer, 804 P.2d at 382. Pointing to the language 

contained in § 25-3-401, MCA, we held that the "defendants, having moved the court to set 

aside the default in their initial appearance, without at the same time preserving the question 

of lack of personal jurisdiction, consented to the general jurisdiction of the court . . . ." 

Spencer, 804 P.2d at 383. 

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~14 Similarly, in this case, the State voluntarily filed a notice of appearance and moved 

the court for an extension of time in which to answer without objecting to venue. The State 

argues that the notice of appearance was merely a "stock document" giving notice to the 

court that the State was represented by the Agency Legal Services Bureau. However, the 

State cites to no authority in Montana that supports a distinction between an appearance in 

a "stock document" and an appearance in a more substantive motion. Thus, we hold that 

both of the State's filings constitute appearances in the District Court. Under the clear 

language of Rule 12(b )(ii), M.R.Civ.P., the State should have included its request that venue 

be changed to Lewis and Clark County in its notice of appearance of counsel. Because it 

failed to do so, we hold that the State waived any objection to venue. 

~15 Based on the foregoing, we reverse and remand to the Fourth Judicial District Court, 

Missoula County, for further proceedings. 

Justice 

We concur: 

Justices 

6