Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 116 / Thursday, June 15, 2000 / Proposed Rules 37501

accomplishment of the actions specified

in the service bulletin described

previously.

Cost Impact

The FAA estimates that 9 airplanes of

U.S. registry would be affected by this

proposed AD, that it would take

approximately 5 work hours per

airplane to accomplish the proposed

replacement, and that the average labor

rate is $60 per work hour. Required

parts would be provided free of charge

by the manufacturer. Based on these

figures, the cost impact of the proposed

AD on U.S. operators is estimated to be

$2,700, or $300 per airplane.

The cost impact figure discussed

above is based on assumptions that no

operator has yet accomplished any of

the proposed requirements of this AD

action, and that no operator would

accomplish those actions in the future if

this AD were not adopted.

Regulatory Impact

The regulations proposed herein

would not have a substantial direct

effect on the States, on the relationship

between the national Government and

the States, or on the distribution of

power and responsibilities among the

various levels of government. Therefore,

it is determined that this proposal

would not have federalism implications

under Executive Order 13132.

For the reasons discussed above, I

certify that this proposed regulation (1)

Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’

under Executive Order 12866; (2) is not

a ‘‘significant rule’’ under the DOT

Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44

FR 11034, February 26, 1979); and (3) if

promulgated, will not have a significant

economic impact, positive or negative,

on a substantial number of small entities

under the criteria of the Regulatory

Flexibility Act. A copy of the draft

regulatory evaluation prepared for this

action is contained in the Rules Docket.

A copy of it may be obtained by

contacting the Rules Docket at the

location provided under the caption

ADDRESSES.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39

Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation

safety, Safety.

The Proposed Amendment

Accordingly, pursuant to the

authority delegated to me by the

Administrator, the Federal Aviation

Administration proposes to amend part

39 of the Federal Aviation Regulations

(14 CFR part 39) as follows:

PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS

DIRECTIVES

1. The authority citation for part 39

continues to read as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.

§ 39.13 [Amended]

2. Section 39.13 is amended by

adding the following new airworthiness

directive:

Dornier Luftfahrt GMBH: Docket 2000–NM–

07–AD.

Applicability: Model 328–300 series

airplanes, serial numbers 3108 through 3144

inclusive; certificated in any category.

Note 1: This AD applies to each airplane

identified in the preceding applicability

provision, regardless of whether it has been

modified, altered, or repaired in the area

subject to the requirements of this AD. For

airplanes that have been modified, altered, or

repaired so that the performance of the

requirements of this AD is affected, the

owner/operator must request approval for an

alternative method of compliance in

accordance with paragraph (b) of this AD.

The request should include an assessment of

the effect of the modification, alteration, or

repair on the unsafe condition addressed by

this AD; and, if the unsafe condition has not

been eliminated, the request should include

specific proposed actions to address it.

Compliance: Required as indicated, unless

accomplished previously.

To prevent cracking of the hydraulic lines,

which could result in loss of hydraulic

pressure for certain braking systems on the

airplane, accomplish the following:

Replacement

(a) Within 30 days after the effective date

of this AD, replace the hydraulic line tube

assemblies with new, improved tube

assemblies and flexible hose assemblies; in

accordance with Dornier Alert Service

Bulletin ASB–328J–32–003 (including Annex

1), dated December 17, 1999.

Alternative Methods of Compliance

(b) An alternative method of compliance or

adjustment of the compliance time that

provides an acceptable level of safety may be

used if approved by the Manager,

International Branch, ANM–116, FAA,

Transport Airplane Directorate. Operators

shall submit their requests through an

appropriate FAA Principal Maintenance

Inspector, who may add comments and then

send it to the Manager, International Branch,

ANM–116.

Note 2: Information concerning the

existence of approved alternative methods of

compliance with this AD, if any, may be

obtained from the International Branch,

ANM–116.

Special Flight Permits

(c) Special flight permits may be issued in

accordance with sections 21.197 and 21.199

of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR

21.197 and 21.199) to operate the airplane to

a location where the requirements of this AD

can be accomplished.

Note 3: The subject of this AD is addressed

in German airworthiness directive 2000–050,

dated February 24, 2000.

Issued in Renton, Washington, on June 8,

2000.

Donald L. Riggin,

Acting Manager, Transport Airplane

Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.

[FR Doc. 00–15191 Filed 6–14–00; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910–13–U

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Customs Service

19 CFR Parts 4 and 113

RIN 1515–AC58

Deferral of Duty on Large Yachts

Imported for Sale

AGENCY: U.S. Customs Service,

Department of the Treasury.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

SUMMARY: This document proposes to

amend the Customs Regulations to set

forth procedures for the deferral of entry

filing and duty collection on certain

yachts imported for sale at boat shows

in the United States. The proposed

regulatory amendments reflect a change

in the law effected by section 2406 of

the Miscellaneous Trade and Technical

Corrections Act of 1999.

DATES: Comments must be received on

or before August 14, 2000.

ADDRESSES: Written comments may be

addressed to, and inspected at, the

Regulations Branch, U.S. Customs

Service, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue,

NW., 3rd Floor, Washington, DC 20229.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Legal matters: Larry L. Burton, Office

of Regulations and Rulings (202–927–

1287).

Operational matters: Robert Watt,

Office of Field Operations (202–927–

3654).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

Section 2406(a) of the Miscellaneous

Trade and Technical Corrections Act of

1999 (the Act, Public Law 106–36, 113

Stat. 127) amended the Tariff Act of

1930 by the addition of a new section

484b (19 U.S.C. 1484b). Section 484b

provides that an otherwise dutiable

‘‘large yacht’’ (defined in the section as

‘‘a vessel that exceeds 79 feet in length,

is used primarily for recreation or

pleasure, and has been previously sold

by a manufacturer or dealer to a retail

consumer’’) may be imported without

the payment of duty if the yacht is

37502 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 116 / Thursday, June 15, 2000 / Proposed Rules

imported with the intention to offer for

sale at a boat show in the United States.

The statute provides generally for the

deferral of payment of duty until the

yacht is sold but specifies that the dutydeferral period may not exceed 6

months.

In order to qualify for deferral of duty

payment at the time of importation of a

large yacht, the statute provides that the

importer of record must: (1) certify to

Customs that the yacht is imported

pursuant to section 484b for sale at a

boat show in the United States; and (2)

post a bond, having a duration of 6

months after the date of importation, in

an amount equal to twice the amount of

duty on the yacht that would otherwise

be imposed under subheading

8903.91.00 or 8903.92.00 of the

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the

United States (HTSUS). The statute

further provides that if the yacht is sold

within the 6-month period after

importation, or if the yacht is neither

sold nor exported within the 6-month

period after importation, entry must be

completed and duty must be deposited

with Customs (with the duty calculated

at the applicable HTSUS rate based on

the value of the yacht at the time of

importation) and the required bond will

be returned to the importer. The statute

further provides that no extensions of

the 6-month bond period will be

allowed, that any large yacht exported

in compliance with the 6-month bond

period may not be reentered for

purposes of sale at a boat show in the

United States (in order to receive dutydeferral benefits) for a period of 3

months after that exportation, and that

the Secretary of the Treasury is

authorized to make rules and

regulations as may be necessary to carry

out the provisions of the statute. Finally,

under section 2406(b) of the Act, the

amendment made by section 2406(a) of

the Act applies with respect to any large

yacht imported into the United States

after July 10, 1999.

In order to reflect the terms of new

section 484b, Customs proposes in this

document to amend the Customs

Regulations by the addition of a new

§ 4.94a (19 CFR 4.94a). In addition,

Customs proposes to amend part 113 of

the Customs Regulations (19 CFR part

113), which sets forth provisions

regarding Customs bonds, by the

addition of a new § 113.75 and a new

appendix provision setting forth the text

of the bond required to be posted by the

importer of record under new section

484b.

In light of the above statutory

amendment and its effective date, and

pending adoption of appropriate

amendments to the Customs

Regulations, Customs formulated and

implemented interim nonregulatory

procedures for processing the arrival of

qualifying yachts under the statutory

provision in order to ensure that the

public receives the benefits under the

statute as intended by Congress. Those

interim procedures, which included

special bond requirements, will cease to

apply upon the effective date of final

action on the regulatory proposals set

forth in this document.

Comments

Before adopting this proposal as a

final rule, consideration will be given to

any written comments timely submitted

to Customs, including comments on the

clarity of this proposed rule and how it

may be made easier to understand.

Comments submitted will be available

for public inspection in accordance with

the Freedom of Information Act (5

U.S.C. 552), § 1.4, Treasury Department

Regulations (31 CFR 1.4), and

§ 103.11(b), Customs Regulations (19

CFR 103.11(b)), on regular business days

between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4:30

p.m. at the Regulations Branch, Office of

Regulations and Rulings, U.S. Customs

Service, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue,

NW., 3rd Floor, Washington, DC.

Regulatory Flexibility Act and

Executive Order 12866

Pursuant to the provisions of the

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601

et seq.), it is certified that the proposed

amendments, if adopted, will not have

a significant economic impact on a

substantial number of small entities.

The proposed amendments directly

reflect a statutory provision that accords

procedural and financial benefits to

members of the general public who

import large yachts for purposes of sale.

Accordingly, the proposed amendments

are not subject to the regulatory analysis

or other requirements of 5 U.S.C. 603

and 604. Furthermore, this document

does not meet the criteria for a

‘‘significant regulatory action’’ as

specified in Executive Order 12866.

Paperwork Reduction Act

The collection of information

contained in this notice of proposed

rulemaking has been submitted to the

Office of Management and Budget for

review in accordance with the

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44

U.S.C. 3507).

An agency may not conduct or

sponsor, and a person is not required to

respond to, a collection of information

unless the collection of information

displays a valid control number.

The collection of information in this

document is in § 4.94a. This information

is required and will be used to effect the

deferral of duty collection on certain

pleasure vessels, in order to ensure

enforcement of the Customs and related

laws and the protection of the revenue.

The likely respondents are owners of

large pleasure vessels.

Estimated annual reporting and/or

recordkeeping burden: 28 hours.

Estimated average annual burden per

respondent/recordkeeper: 1 hour.

Estimated number of respondents

and/or recordkeepers: 28.

Estimated annual frequency of

responses: 1.

Comments on the collection of

information should be sent to the Office

of Management and Budget, Attention:

Desk Officer of the Department of the

Treasury, Office of Information and

Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC

20503. A copy should also be sent to the

Regulations Branch, Office of

Regulations and Rulings, U.S. Customs

Service, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue,

NW., 3rd Floor, Washington, DC 20229.

Comments should be submitted within

the time frame that comments are due

regarding the substance of the proposal.

Comments are invited on: (a) Whether

the collection of information is

necessary for the proper performance of

the functions of the agency, including

whether the information shall have

practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the

agency’s estimate of the burden of the

collection of the information; (c) ways to

enhance the quality, utility, and clarity

of the information to be collected; (d)

ways to minimize the burden of the

collection of information on

respondents, including through the use

of automated collection techniques or

other forms of information technology;

and (e) estimates of capital or startup

costs and costs of operations,

maintenance, and purchase of services

to provide information.

List of Subjects

19 CFR Part 4

Customs duties and inspection, Entry,

Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping

requirements, Vessels, Yachts.

19 CFR Part 113

Bonds, Customs duties and

inspection, Imports, Reporting and

recordkeeping requirements, Surety

bonds, Vessels.

Proposed Amendments to the

Regulations

For the reasons stated above, it is

proposed to amend parts 4 and 113,

Customs Regulations (19 CFR parts 4

and 113), as set forth below.

Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 116 / Thursday, June 15, 2000 / Proposed Rules 37503

PART 4—VESSELS IN FOREIGN AND

DOMESTIC TRADES

1. The general authority citation for

part 4 continues to read, and a specific

authority citation for § 4.94a is added to

read, as follows:

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66,

1431, 1433, 1434, 1624; 46 U.S.C. App. 3, 91.

* * * * *

Section 4.94a also issued under 19

U.S.C. 1484b;

* * * * *

2. A new § 4.94a is added to read as

follows:

§ 4.94a Large yachts imported for sale.

(a) General. An otherwise dutiable

vessel used primarily for recreation or

pleasure and exceeding 79 feet in length

that has been previously sold by a

manufacturer or dealer to a retail

consumer and that is imported with the

intention to offer for sale at a boat show

in the United States may qualify at the

time of importation for a deferral of

entry completion and deposit of duty.

The following requirements and

conditions will apply in connection

with a deferral of entry completion and

duty deposit under this section:

(1) The importer of record must

certify to Customs in writing that the

vessel is being imported pursuant to 19

U.S.C. 1484b for sale at a boat show in

the United States;

(2) The certification referred to in

paragraph (a)(1) of this section must be

accompanied by the posting of a single

entry bond containing the terms and

conditions set forth in appendix C of

part 113 of this chapter. The bond will

have a duration of 6 months after the

date of importation of the vessel, and no

extensions of the bond period will be

allowed;

(3) The filing of the certification and

the posting of the bond in accordance

with this section will constitute a

release of the merchandise by Customs;

(4) All subsequent transactions with

Customs involving the vessel in

question, including any transaction

referred to in paragraphs (b) through (d)

of this section, must be carried out in

the same port of entry in which the

certification was filed and the bond was

posted under this section; and

(5) The vessel in question will not be

eligible for issuance of a cruising license

under § 4.94.

(b) Exportation within 6-month

period. If a vessel for which entry

completion and duty payment are

deferred under paragraph (a) of this

section is not sold but is exported

within the 6-month bond period

specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this

section, the importer of record must

inform Customs in writing of that fact

within 30 calendar days after the date of

exportation. The bond posted with

Customs will be returned to the

importer of record and no entry

completion and duty payment will be

required. The exported vessel will be

precluded from reentry under the terms

of paragraph (a) of this section for a

period of 3 months after the date of

exportation.

(c) Sale within 6-month period. If a

vessel for which entry completion and

duty payment are deferred under

paragraph (a) of this section is sold

within the 6-month bond period

specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this

section, the importer of record within 15

calendar days after the sale must

complete the entry by filing an Entry

Summary (Customs Form 7501) and

must deposit the appropriate duty

(calculated at the applicable rates

provided for under subheading

8903.91.00 or 8903.92.00 of the

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the

United States and based upon the value

of the vessel at the time of importation).

Upon entry completion and deposit of

duty under this paragraph, the bond

posted with Customs will be returned to

the importer of record.

(d) Expiration of bond period. If the

6-month bond period specified in

paragraph (a)(2) of this section expires

without either sale or exportation of a

vessel for which entry completion and

duty payment are deferred under

paragraph (a) of this section, the

importer of record within 15 calendar

days after expiration of that 6-month

period must complete the entry by filing

an Entry Summary (Customs Form

7501) and must deposit the appropriate

duty (calculated at the applicable rates

provided for under subheading

8903.91.00 or 8903.92.00 of the

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the

United States and based upon the value

of the vessel at the time of importation).

Upon entry completion and deposit of

duty under this paragraph, the bond

posted with Customs will be returned to

the importer of record, and a new bond

on Customs Form 301, containing the

bond conditions set forth in § 113.62 of

this chapter, may be required by the

appropriate port director.

PART 113—CUSTOMS BONDS

1. The general authority citation for

part 113 continues to read, and a

specific authority citation for § 113.75

and appendix C is added to read, as

follows:

Authority: 19 U.S.C. 66, 1623, 1624.

* * * * *

Section 113.75 and Appendix C also issued

under 19 U.S.C. 1484b.

2. Part 113 is amended by adding a

new § 113.75 to read as follows:

§ 113.75 Bond conditions for deferral of

duty on large yachts imported for sale at

United States boat shows.

A bond for the deferral of entry

completion and duty deposit pursuant

to 19 U.S.C. 1484b for a dutiable large

yacht imported for sale at a United

States boat show must conform to the

terms of appendix C to this part. The

bond must be filed in accordance with

the provisions set forth in § 4.94a of this

chapter.

3. Part 113 is amended by adding at

the end a new appendix C to read as

follows:

Appendix C to Part 113—Bond for

Deferral of Duty on Large Yachts

Imported for Sale at United States Boat

Shows

Bond for Deferral of Duty on Large Yachts

Imported for Sale at United States Boat

Shows

llllllll, as principal, and

llllllll, as surety, are held and

firmly bound to the UNITED STATES OF

AMERICA in the sum of llllllll

dollars ($llll), for the payment of which

we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors,

administrators, successors, and assigns,

jointly and severally, firmly by these

conditions.

Pursuant to the provisions of 19 U.S.C.

1484b, the principal has imported at the port

of llll a dutiable large yacht (exceeding

79 feet in length, used primarily for

recreation or pleasure, and previously sold

by a manufacturer or dealer to a consumer)

identified as llllllll for sale at a

boat show in the United States with deferral

of entry completion and duty deposit and has

executed this obligation as a condition

precedent to that deferral.

If the principal fails to comply with any

condition of this obligation, which includes

compliance with any requirement or

condition set forth in 19 U.S.C. 1484b or 19

CFR 4.94a, the principal and surety jointly

and severally agree to pay to Customs an

amount of liquidated damages equal to twice

the amount of duty on the large yacht that

would otherwise be imposed under

subheading 8903.91.00 or 8903.92.00 of the

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United

States. For purposes of this paragraph, the

term ‘‘duty’’ includes any duties, taxes, fees

and charges imposed by law.

The principal will exonerate and hold

harmless the United States and its officers

from or on account of any risk, loss, or

expense of any kind or description connected

with or arising from the failure to store and

deliver the large yacht as required, as well as

from any loss or damage resulting from fraud

or negligence on the part of any officer, agent,

or other person employed by the principal.

WITNESS our hands and seals this ll

day of llll (month), llll (Year).

37504 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 116 / Thursday, June 15, 2000 / Proposed Rules

lllllllllllllllllllll

(Name) (Address)

lllllllllllllllll[SEAL]

(Principal)

lllllllllllllllllllll

(Name) (Address)

lllllllllllllllll[SEAL]

(Surety)

Certificate as to Corporate Principal

I, llllllll, certify that I am the

*llllllll of the corporation named

as principal in the attached bond; that

llllllll, who signed the bond on

behalf of the principal, was then

llllllll of that corporation; that I

know his signature, and his signature to the

bond is genuine; and that the bond was duly

signed, sealed, and attested for and in behalf

of the corporation by authority to its

governing body.

lllllllllllllllllllll

[CORPORATE SEAL]

(To be used when no power of attorney has

been filed with the port director of

customs.)

*May be executed by the secretary, assistant

secretary, or other officer of the

corporation.

Approved: April 14, 2000.

Raymond W. Kelly,

Commissioner of Customs.

John P. Simpson,

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.

[FR Doc. 00–15202 Filed 6–14–00; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4820–02–P

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Minerals Management Service

30 CFR Part 206

RIN 1010–AC72

Amendments to Gas Valuation

Regulations for Indian Leases

AGENCY: Minerals Management Service,

Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

SUMMARY: The Minerals Management

Service (MMS) is proposing to remove

the special timing requirements for

adjustments and audits of royalties on

gas produced from Indian leases in

Montana and North Dakota. These

timing requirements may force tribal

and MMS auditors to expend additional

time and money or postpone ongoing

audits to meet the restricted time

periods. Removing these timing

restrictions should increase royalties

collected for Indian leases in these

States.

DATES: Comments regarding this

proposed rulemaking must be received

on or before July 17, 2000.

ADDRESSES: If you wish to comment,

you may submit your comments by any

one of several methods. You may mail

comments to David S. Guzy, Chief,

Rules and Publications Staff, Minerals

Management Service, Royalty

Management Program, P.O. Box 25165,

MS 3021, Denver, CO 80225–0165.

Courier or overnight delivery address is

Building 85, Room A–613, Denver

Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. You

may also comment via the Internet to

RMP.comments@mms.gov. Please

submit Internet comments as an ASCII

file avoiding the use of special

characters and any form of encryption.

Please also include ‘‘Attn: RIN 1010–

ACT72’’ and your name and return

address in your Internet message. If you

do not receive a confirmation from the

system that we have received your

Internet message, contact David S. Guzy

directly at (303) 231–3432.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

David S. Guzy, Chief, Rules and

Publications Staff, telephone (303) 231–

3432, FAX (303) 231–3385, e-Mail

David.Guzy@mms.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The

principal author of this proposed

rulemaking is Mr. Richard Adamski,

Royalty Valuation Division, Royalty

Management Program (RMP), MMS.

I. General

On August 10, 1999, MMS published

a final rule titled ‘‘Amendments to Gas

Valuation Regulations for Indian

Leases,’’ (64 FR 43506) with an effective

date of January 1, 2000. These

regulations apply to all gas production

from Indian (tribal or allotted) oil and

gas leases (except leases on the Osage

Indian Reservation). The new

regulations resulted from a negotiated

rulemaking among Indian tribes and

allottees, the oil and gas industry, and

MMS.

MMS’s stated purposes for those

amendments to the valuation of gas

production were:

(1) To ensure that Indian mineral

lessors receive the maximum revenues

from mineral resources on their land

consistent with the Secretary of the

Interior’s (Secretary) trust responsibility

and lease terms; and

(2) To improve the regulatory

framework so that information is

available which would permit lessees to

comply with the regulatory

requirements at the time that royalties

are due.

Among the newly adopted regulations

was a provision at 30 CFR 206.174(1)

requiring that for Indian leases in

Montana and North Dakota, lessees

must make adjustments to reported

royalty values sooner, and MMS must

complete its audits sooner, than either

has done historically. This provision

does not apply to Indian leases in other

States.

Under § 2096.174(1), the timing of

adjustments and audits depends on

whether allowances are arm’s-length or

non-arm’s-length. If the lessee’s royalty

value has arm’s-length transportation or

processing allowances, or no

allowances, then: (1) The lessee must

make all adjustments to value within 13

months of the production month; and

(2) MMS must conclude any audit and

order any adjustments to royalty value

within 12 months after the lessee’s

adjustment reporting date. If the lessee’s

royalty value has non-arm’s-length

transportation or processing allowances,

then: (1) the lessee must make all

adjustments to value within 9 months of

the date the lessee submits the actual

cost allowance report to MMS; and (2)

MMS must conclude any audit and

order any adjustments to royalty value

within 12 months after the lessee’s

adjustment reporting date.

The final rule limited the adjustment

and audit period to Indian leases in

Montana and North Dakota because,

unlike most other producing regions,

there are no acceptable published

indexes applicable to that area (64 FR

43510). In areas where this occurs,

valuation must be based on other

criteria which are most difficult to

determine than index prices. Industry

was concerned that if audits were not to

occur until several years after the

production month, any underpayments

would include substantial late payment

charges. The purpose of § 206.174(1)

was to accelerate the audit schedule to

provide more valuation certainly for

both the lessee and the Indian lessor at

an earlier date.

Representatives of Montana and North

Dakota tribal and allotted lessors

strongly oppose these time limits. They

believe that the 1-year audit period is

unreasonable and may compromise

MMS’s efforts to maximize revenues for

gas produced from Indian leases

consistent with its trust responsibility

and lease terms. MMS shares the

concern that in areas that do not have

published indexes, auditors must be

afforded adequate time to take the

necessary steps to do quality audits.

This may be difficult to accomplish

under time limits that are absolute.

MMS and tribal auditors also must

retain the discretion to allocate audit

resources to obtain the best data when

that data becomes available. Indian

representatives from Montana and North

Dakota believe that time restrictions will

force the tribes (especially those tribes