[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 15-11287

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D.C. Docket No. 0:04-cr-60206-JIC-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

BERNARD ROEMMELE, 

a.k.a. Bernie,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Southern District of Florida

________________________

(March 29, 2016)

Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, HULL and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

The reasons the law provides for secrecy of grand jury proceedings are:

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 1 of 7 
2

(1) To prevent the escape of those whose indictment may be 

contemplated; (2) to insure the utmost freedom to the grand jury in its 

deliberations, and to prevent persons subject to indictment or their 

friends from importuning the grand jurors; (3) to prevent subornation 

of perjury or tampering with the witnesses who may testify before 

grand jury and later appear at the trial of those indicted by it; (4) to 

encourage free and untrammeled disclosures by persons who have 

information with respect to the commission of crimes; [and] (5) to 

protect an innocent accused who is exonerated from disclosure of the 

fact that he has been under investigation, and from the expense of 

standing trial where there was no probability of guilt.

United States v. Procter & Gamble Co., 356 U.S. 677, 681 n.6, 78 S. Ct. 983, 986 

n.6 (1958) (quoting United States v. Rose, 215 F.2d 617, 628–29 (3d Cir. 1954)). 

Despite those concerns, Bernard Roemmele, who is serving a 235-month sentence 

in federal prison, wants to be provided with transcripts of the grand jury 

proceedings in his case.

Roemmele was the CEO and founder of CitX, a company that:

claimed to have created internet-based technology and other software 

used by clients around the world. CitX partnered with Professional 

Resource Systems International, Inc. (“PRSI”) to market its software. 

In reality, however, the two companies operated as a Ponzi scheme. 

Reommele and [his coconspirator Steve] Hein also participated in 

investment fraud using resources from PRSI.

United States v. Hein, 395 F. App’x 652, 654 (11th Cir. 2010). A jury convicted 

Roemmele of securities fraud, conspiring to commit mail or wire fraud, conspiring 

to launder money, and violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt

Organizations Act.

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 2 of 7 
3

After we affirmed his convictions, Roemelle moved the district court to 

compel production of the grand jury transcripts in his case so that he could 

investigate possible government misconduct. In his motion, he contended that the 

first grand jury to consider the case against him did not indict him because the hard

drives from CitX’s computers showed that the company had the technological 

capabilities it claimed. He theorized that, after the first grand jury declined to 

bring an indictment, the government must have destroyed the allegedly exculpatory 

hard drives and then sought an indictment from a new grand jury, which it 

ultimately got. Roemelle claimed that the government’s alleged destruction of the 

hard drives violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194 (1963), his 

Fifth Amendment right to due process, and his rights under the Sixth Amendment’s 

Confrontation Clause, and that production of the transcripts was necessary for him 

“to adequately prepare” those claims to be part of his soon-to-be-filed habeas 

corpus petition.

Roemmele requested that the government produce all grand jury transcripts

showing: (1) why the first grand jury subpoenaed the production of CitX’s hard 

drives; (2) that the government told the first grand jury that it intended to destroy 

the hard drives; (3) that the government informed the first grand jury that it no 

longer had custody of the hard drives; (4) that the government told the second 

grand jury about the evidence presented to the first grand jury; (5) that the 

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 3 of 7 
4

government informed the second grand jury about the hard drives; and (6) that the 

government informed the second grand jury that it had discarded the hard drives so 

that they were no longer available. He said he “believed” no such transcripts 

existed, and that proof of their non-existence would support an inference that the 

government discarded the hard drives to hide from the second grand jury the 

exculpatory evidence they contained.

The district court denied Roemmele’s motion. It noted that the government 

had imaged the hard drives and made those images available to Roemelle at trial. 

The district court reasoned that, because Roemmele had access to the hard drive 

images — and, indeed, had argued about the contents of the hard drives during the

trial — he had not established a “possible injustice” or a “need for disclosure” 

exceeding “the need for continued secrecy” of the jury proceedings. Roemmele 

appeals the district court’s denial of his motion.

Roemmele seeks disclosure of the grand jury materials “based both on the 

district court’s inherent authority and on the exception in [Federal Rule of Criminal 

Procedure] 6(e)(3)(E)(i).” Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 6(e)(3)(E) 

authorizes the disclosure to defendants of grand jury matters under limited 

circumstances. Courts also have inherent authority to compel production of grand 

jury materials on defendants’ requests, but only where there are “exceptional 

circumstances.” United States v. Aisenberg, 358 F.3d 1327, 1347 (11th Cir. 2004). 

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 4 of 7 
5

To justify entitlement to disclosure of grand jury materials under either Rule 

6(e)(3)(E) or courts’ inherent authority, movants must show: (1) “that the material 

they seek is needed to avoid a possible injustice in another judicial proceeding”; 

(2) “that the need for disclosure is greater than the need for continued secrecy”; 

and (3) “that their request is structured to cover only material so needed.” Douglas 

Oil Co. of California v. Petrol Stops Northwest, 441 U.S. 211, 222, 99 S. Ct. 1667, 

1674 (1979); Aisenberg, 358 F.3d at 1347–48. We review the district court’s 

application of those requirements only for abuse of discretion. Id. at 1338.

The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Roemmele’s

motion. There are a number reasons why. In the first place, Roemmele had access 

to the imaged hard drives at the time of trial, so it was not necessary for him to 

review the grand jury’s transcripts to determine whether the hard drives actually 

contained exculpatory evidence. More fundamentally, there was considerable 

evidence in the record undercutting Roemmele’s claims that the CitX hard drives

contained exculpatory evidence and that the government destroyed them. During 

CitX’s bankruptcy proceedings, for example, Roemelle admitted that the company 

had not produced any products that could be copyrighted or patented, and that 

there was no software, licenses, or other products that could be sold to benefit 

CitX’s creditors. His admission logically forecloses the possibility that the hard 

drives contained the proprietary technology Roemmele now claims that they did. 

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 5 of 7 
6

And evidence from the trial shows that, after imaging the hard drives, the 

government returned them to the trustee in charge of CitX’s bankruptcy, instead of

destroying them as Roemmele alleges. Even Roemmele’s suggestion that the 

government withheld information about the hard drives from the second grand jury 

is pure speculation, unsupported by any of the materials accompanying his motion. 

For all of those reasons, Roemmele has not established a significant need for

disclosure of the grand jury transcripts, at least not one that comes near to 

outweighing the vital interests in preserving the secrecy of grand jury proceedings. 

Roemmele also argues that the district court could have preserved the 

secrecy of the grand jury’s proceedings by examining the transcripts in camera, 

and that it abused its discretion by not doing so. For that proposition, his best case 

is the former Fifth Circuit’s decision in Menendez v. United States, 393 F.2d 312 

(5th Cir. 1968). That decision did not require in camera inspection of the 

requested materials, however; it merely described such inspections as the “better 

practice.” Id. at 316. Since Menendez, we have held that a district court need not

undertake in camera review where, as here, a defendant fails to show the existence 

of a factual basis for his claim. See United States v. Rodriguez, 765 F.2d 1546, 

1559 (11th Cir. 1985). The district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to 

sift through the grand jury transcripts in camera.

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 6 of 7 
7

In his reply brief,1 Roemmele argues that disclosure of the grand jury 

materials is warranted under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 6(e)(3)(E)(ii). 

Because he never made that argument to the district court or in his opening brief on 

appeal, he forfeited it. See Reider v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 793 F.3d 1254, 1258 

(11th Cir. 2015); United States v. Noriega, 676 F.3d 1252, 1260 n.2 (11th Cir. 

2012). Besides, it is not supported by the cases Roemmele cites. Bank of Nova 

Scotia v. United States concerned the circumstances under which a district court 

may dismiss an indictment for errors in grand jury proceedings, not the production 

of grand jury materials. See 487 U.S. 250, 253, 108 S. Ct. 2369, 2372 (1998). 

And we vacated our opinion in United States v. Sigma International, Inc., 244 F.3d 

841 (11th Cir. 2001), rendering it “void” and of “no legal effect whatever.” United 

States v. Sigma Int’l, Inc., 300 F.3d 1278, 1280 (11th Cir. 2002).

AFFIRMED.

 1 Roemmele filed his reply brief after the deadline for doing so, but has moved this Court 

for permission to file a reply brief out of time. See App. Doc. 30. We grant that motion.

Case: 15-11287 Date Filed: 03/29/2016 Page: 7 of 7