Table 3-316. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 965.2 11.4 965.2 11-4
cut 2548.9 30.1 3514.1 41.4
Crush 186.6 2.2 3700.7 43.6
Fracture 1440.6 17.0 5141.3 60.6
Poisoning 33.3 0.4 5174.6 61.0
Sprain/strain 2016.9 23.8 7191.5 84.8
Mult. injury 1010.1 11.9 8201.6 96.7
Other 279.1 3.3 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-317. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 1304.3 15.4 1304.3 15.4
Caught under 1010.1 11.9 2314.4 27.3
Struck by/against 2524.9 29.8 4839.3 57.1
Struck by falling 302.3 3.6 5141.6 60.6
Contact sharp obj. 1422.6 16.8 6564.2 77.4
Fall, same level 820.2 9.7 7384.4 87.1
Fall, elevation 381.2 4.5 7765.6 91.6
Overexertion 402.7 4.7 8168.3 96.3
Other 312.4 3.7 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-318. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for female workers in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993,

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 800.3 9.4 800.3 9.4
Machine maint. 874.3 10.3 1674.6 19.7
Field work 1594.1 18.8 3268.7 38.5
Crop handling 402.7 4.7 3671.4 43.3
Livestock handling 3606.8 42.5 7278.2 85.8
Other 1202.5 14.2 8480.7 100.0

225


Table 2-125. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for family workers, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 122723.7 97.2 122723.7 97.2
Hispanic 2426.8 1.9 125150.5 99.1
Asian 752.8 0.6 125903.3 99.7
American Indian 385.7 0.3 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-126. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for family workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 8174.8 6.5 8174.8 6.5
February 5830.0 4.6 14004.8 11.1
March 5569.6 4.4 19574.4 15.5
April 9318.0 7.4 28892.4 22.9
May 7855.4 6.2 36747.8 29.1
June 15064.8 11.9 51812.6 41.0
July 15331.9 12.1 67144.5 53.2
August 13377.7 10.6 80522.2 63.8
September 14993.0 11.9 95515.2 75.6
October 8850.1 7.0 104365.3 82.6
November 10763.5 8.5 115128.8 91.2
December 11160.2 8.8 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-127. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for family workers, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 119095.4 94.3 119095.4 94.3
Permanent 6315.3 5.0 125410.7 99.3
Fatality 878.3 0.7 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-128. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for family workers,
1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 7193.6 5.7 7193.6 5.7
Yes 97310.6 77.41 104504.2 82.8
No 21784.8 17.2 126289.0 100.0

55


Table 3-401.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 4016.9 5.0 4016.9 5.0
Eye 3609.4 4.5 7626.3 9.5
Chest/trunk 5015.0 6.3 12641.3 15.8
Back 9197.5 11.5 21838 .8 27.2
Arm/shoulder 6953.3 8.7 28792.1 35.9
Finger 9493.2 11.8 38285.3 47.7
Hand/wrist 9595.5 12.0 47880.8 59.7
Leg/knee/hip 14649.1 18.3 62529.9 78.0
Toe 455.8 0.6 62985.7 78.5
Foot 8237.5 10.3 71223.2 88.8
Mult. parts 7947.6 9.9 79170.8 98.7
Other 1016.0 1.3 80186.8 100.0
Table 3-402. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 361.4 0.5 361.4 0.5
Bruise 11127.6 13.9 11489.0 14.3
Burn 314.3 0.4 11803.3 14.7
cut 15301.0 19.1 27104.3 33.8
Crush 4534.3 5.7 31638.6 39.5
Fracture 12058.5 15.0 43697.1 $4.5
Poisoning 33.3 0.0 43730.4 54.5
Puncture 4940.3 6.2 48670.7 60.7
Sprain/strain 19591.8 24.4 68262.5 85.1
Mult. injury 7320.1 9.1 75582.6 94.3
Other 4604.2 5.7 80186.8 100.0
Table 3-403. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1996.3 2.5 1996.3 2.5
Caught between 8383.9 10.5 10380.2 12.9
Caught under 4749.0 5.9 15129.2 18.9
Struck by/against 17777.5 22.2 32906.7 41.0
Struck by falling 3729.9 4.7 36636.6 45.7
Struck by flying 2280.4 2.8 38917.0 48.5
Contact sharp obj. 8218.1 10.2 47135.1 58.8
Fall, same level 11117.6 13.9 58252.7 72.6
Fall, elevation 8944.1 11.2 67196.8 83.8
Overexertion 6024.6 7.5 73221.4 91.3
Other 6965.4 8.7 80186.8 100.0

254


6TT

Table 3-1. Regional estimates of injuries, restricted workdays, injury rate per 200,000 hours
worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked by farm group, 1993.

Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
Lost-time Restricted Lost-time Restricted
Region Farm Type Injuries Workdays Injury Rates Workdays Rate
Northeast Crops 6295.8 48856.2 8.3 64.7
Livestock 8115.6 124068.5 5.4 82.0
All farms 14408.0 172924.8 6.4 76.3
South Crops 17551.0 275991.3 4.1 63.9
Livestock 26547.6 497515.6 6.4 120.5
All farms 44098.2 773506.8 5.2 91.6
Midwest Crops 30461.4 499444,7 6.7 109.0
Livestock 52407.5 777531.2 8.2 122.2
All farms 82868.9 1276975 .9 7.6 116.7
West Crops 41488.3 547429.7 5.8 76.3
Livestock 18219.0 288916.4 7.9 125.6
All farms 59707.3 836346.1 6.3 88.3


Table 2-11. National estimates of restricted workdays by whether
professional medical attention was sought, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 2827133.0 92.4 2827133.0 92.4
No 232620.5 14.5 3059753.5 7.6

Table 2-12. National estimates of restricted workdays by body
part injured, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 83660.0 2.7 83660.0 2.7
Eye 105029.6 3.4 188689.6 6.1
Chest/trunk 269216.9 8.8 457906.5 14.9
Back 627790.5 20.5 1085697.0 35.4
Arm/shoulder 284523.9 9.3 1370220.9 44.7
Finger 122897.2 4.0 1493118.1 48.7
Hand/wrist 374248 .4 12.2 1867366.5 60.9
Leg/knee/hip 541547.6 17.7 2408914.1 78.6
Toe 12178.5 0.4 2421092.6 79.0
Foot 292684.6 9.6 2713777.2 88.6
Mult. parts 306384.1 10.0 3020161.3 98.7
Other 39592.2 1.3 3059753.5 100.0

Table 2-13. National estimates of restricted workdays by nature
of injury, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 19149.1 0.6 19149.1 0.6
Bruise 175853.4 5.7 195002.5 6.3
Burn 12741.3 0.4 207743.8 6.7
cut 182201.2 6.0 389945.0 12.7
Crush 176541.8 5.8 566486.8 18.5
Fracture 1046383.8 34.2 1612870.6 52.7
Poisoning 5289.5 0.2 1618160.1 52.9
Puncture 50853.1 1.9 1675013.2 54.8
Sprain/strain 763352.3 24.9 2438365.5 79.7
Mult. injury 246062.5 8.0 2684428.0 87.7
Other 375325.5 12.3 3059753.5 100.0

21


Table 4-206. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 7442.7 75.3 7442.7 78.3
Partner/family 1245.8 12.6 8688.5 87.9
Hired labor 1192.2 12.1 9880.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-207. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 8161.0 82.6 8161.0 82.6
Female 1719.7 17.4 9880.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-208. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Age Group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 752.4 7.6 752.4 7.6
20-29 1518.3 15.4 2270.7 23.0
30-39 2535.2 25.7 4805.9 48.6
40-49 2933.6 29.7 7739.5 78.3
50-59 1330.5 13.5 9070.0 91.8
60-69 642.3 6.5 9712.3 98.3
>=70 168.4 1.7 9880.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-209. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 9685.9 98.0 9685.9 98.0
Hispanic 194.8 2.0 9880.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

342


Table 3-90. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for crop operations in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative

Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 5003.6 28.5 $003.6 28.5
Machine maint. 990.9 5.6 5994.5 34.2
Field work 6378.5 36.3 12373.0 70.5
Crop handling 3363.1 19.2 15736.1 89.7
Livestock handling 1814.6 10.3 17550.7 100.0

Table 3-91. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for crop operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1864.6 10.6 1864.6 10.6
Machinery 4556.2 26.0 6420.8 36.6
Livestock 216.9 1.2 6637.7 37.8
Hand tool 2335.3 13.3 8973.0 $1.1
Power tool 528.4 3.0 9501.4 $4.1
Pesticide/chem. 487.5 2.8 9988.9 56.9
Plant/tree 1022.4 5.8 11011.3 62.7
Working surface 1709.6 9.7 12720.9 72.5
Truck/auto 753.4 4.3 13474.3 76.8
Other 4076.4 23.2 17550.7 100.0

150


Table 3-75. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for livestock operations in the Northeast region of the U.S.,

1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck $29.3 6.5 529.3 6.5
Eye 867.9 10.7 1397.2 17.2
Chest/trunk 666.0 8.2 2063.2 25.4
Back 726.5 9.0 2789.7 34.4
Arm/shoulder 564.3 7.0 3354.0 41.3
Finger 1513.6 18.7 4867.6 60.0
Hand/wrist 820.5 10.1 5688.1 70.1
Leg/knee/hip 861.9 10.6 6550.0 80.7
Foot 1028.5 12.7 7578.5 93.4
Mult. parts 178.5 2.2 7757.0 95.6
Other 358.6 4.4 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-76. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for livestock operations in the Northeast region of the U.S.,

1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 69.3 oO. .3 0.9
Bruise 1797.5 22.1 1866.8 23.0
cut 1159.4 14.3 3026.2 37.3
Crush 284.9 3.5 3311.1 40.8
Fracture 1357.4 16.7 4668.5 57.5
Puncture 275.1 3.4 4943.6 60.9
Sprain/strain 2259.8 27.8 7203.4 88.8
Mult. injury 113.6 1.4 7317.0 90.2
Other 798.6 9.8 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-77. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

livestock operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 423.5 $.2 423.5 5.2
Caught between 838.5 10.3 1262.0 15.6
Caught under 291.5 3.6 1553.5 19.1
Struck by/against 935.4 11.5 2488.9 30.7
Struck by falling 643.5 7.9 3132.4 38.6
Struck by flying 798.6 9.8 3931.0 48.4
Contact sharp obj. 635.9 “7.8 4566.9 56.3
Fall, same level 867.9 10.7 5434.8 67.0
Fall, elevation 618.5 7.6 6083.3 74.6
Overexertion 1051.9 13.0 7105.2 87.5
Other 1010.4 12.5 8115.6 100.0

145


DISCLAIMER

Mention of the name of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health.

This document is in the public domain and may be freely
copied or reprinted.

*Copies of this and other NIOSH documents are available from:

Publications Dissemination, DSDTT
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998

DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 97-115

For further information about occupational safety and health, call
1-800-35NIOSH

ii


STT

Table 2-302. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury and the body part
injured (Continued).

Body Part Injured

|Hand/ |Leg/knee/| i |Mult. | |
Nature of Injury |wrist |hip | Toe | Foot [part |Other { Total
Amputation | oO | 0 | oO | 0 | (| 190.3 | 1154
nonnn------------ a i as
Bruise | 2102 { 5932.7 | 926.23 | 3005 | 717.13 | 138.68 | 27739

Burn t Oo] 0 | Oo | 820.59 | 0} 0 | 2282

| 5114.4 | Oo 2268.4 | O | 252.74 | 37434

13459

30574

390

9792

51382

11713

14631

23656.5 30514.1 1830.95 17605.5 12020 4276.93 200550

(Frequency Missing = 584)


Table 2-156. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for other workers, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 277.5 18.0 277.5 18.0
cut 416.7 27.0 694.2 45.0
Fracture 185.1 12.0 879.3 57.0
Puncture 222.3 14.4 1101.6 71.4
Sprain/strain 174.8 11.3 1276.4 82.7
Mult. injury 266.6 17.3 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-157. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for other workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Struck by/against 277.5 18.0 277.5 18.0
Struck by falling 291.6 18.9 569.1 36.9
Struck by flying 475.0 30.8 1044.1 67.7
Fall, elevation 160.1 10.4 1204.2 78.0
Overexertion 174.8 11.3 1379.0 89.4
Other 164.0 10.6 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-158. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for other workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 338.8 22.0 338.8 22.0
Machine maint. 338.1 21.9 676.9 43.9
Field work 266.6 17.3 943.5 61.1
Livestock handling 599.5 38.9 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-159. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for other workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 174.8 11.3 174.8 11.3
Machinery 115.8 7.5 290.6 18.8
Livestock $30.2 34.4 820.8 53.2
Hand tool 444.6 28.8 1265.4 82.0
Power tool 164.0 10.6 1429.4 92.6
Working surface 44.3 2.9 1473.7 95.5
Other 69.3 4.5 1543.0 100.0

64


Table 3-330. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for male workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 7291.5 12.9 7291.5 12.9
Machine maint. 7914.1 14.0 15205.6 26.8
Field work 13204.2 23.3 28409.8 50.1
Crop handling 5466.5 9.6 33876.3 59.8
Livestock handling 7134.8 12.6 41011.1 72.4
Other 15661.9 27.6 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-331. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 583.9 1.0 583.9 1.0
Machinery 7936.6 14.0 8520.5 15.0
Livestock 7140.1 12.6 15660.6 27.6
Hand tool 8947.8 15.8 24608.4 43.4
Power tool 2486.1 4.4 27094.5 47.8
Pesticide/chem. 230.3 0.4 27324.8 48.2
Plant/tree 3864.0 6.8 31188.8 55.0
Working surface 3787.9 6.7 34976.7 61.7
Truck/auto 1016.6 1.8 35993.3 63.5
Other vehicle 1034.3 1.8 37027.6 65.3
Liquids 734.4 1.3 37762.0 66.6
Other 18911.0 33.4 56673.0 100.0

230


Table 3-84. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for crop
operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 563.3 3.2 $63.3 3.2
February 1142.1 6.6 1705.4 9.8
March 752.4 4.3 2457.8 14.1
April 1953.8 11.2 4411.6 25.4
May 1072.7 6.2 5484.3 31.5
June 1032.5 5.9 6516.8 37.4
July 1058.7 6.1 7575.5 43.5
August 3198.3 18.4 10773.8 61.9
September 1893.5 10.9 12667.3 72.8
October 2439.8 14.0 15107.1 86.8
November 1171.2 6.7 16278 .3 93.5
December 1123.6 6.5 17401.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-85. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for crop operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 16254.2 92.6 16254.2 92.6
Permanent 923.9 5.3 17178.1 97.9
Fatality 372.6 2.1 17550.7 100.0

Table 3-86. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for crop operations in
the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1296.5 7.4 1296.5 7.4
Yes 14252.1 81.2 15548.6 88.6
No 2002.1 11.4 17550.7 100.0

148


Table 2-194. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 464.1 3.6 464.1 3.6
Caught between 4322.7 33.6 4786.8 37.2
Caught under 1131.3 8.8 5918.1 46.0
Struck by/against 690.1 5.4 6608.2 $1.3
Struck by falling 442.3 3.4 7050.5 54.8
Struck by flying 318.8 2.5 7369.3 57.2
Contact sharp obj. 3274.5 25.4 10643.8 82.7
Fall, same level 493.0 3.8 11136.8 86.5
Fall, elevation 720.3 5.6 11857.1 92.1
Overexertion 590.2 4.6 12447.3 96.7
Other 426.1 3.3 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-195. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1158.7 9.0 1158.7 9.0
Machine maint. 3018.6 23.4 4177.3 32.4
Field work 2796.6 21.7 6973.9 54.2
Crop handling 1731.2 13.4 8705.1 67.6
Livestock handling 3579.4 27.8 12284.5 95.4
Other 588.9 4.6 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-196. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 394.8 3.1 394.8 3.1
Machinery 4673.6 36.3 5068.4 39.4
Livestock 1204.0 9.4 6272.4 48.7
Hand tool 2301.6 17.9 8574.0 66.6
Working surface 443.6 3.4 9017.6 70.0
Other vehicle 1411.4 11.0 10429.0 81.0
Other 2444.4 19.0 12873.4 100.0

75


Table 3-434. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1762.5 5.0 1762.5 5.0
February 419.1 1.2 2181.6 6.2
March 1930.1 5.5 4111.7 11.7
April 1459.2 4.2 5570.9 15.9
May 1224.1 3.5 6795.0 19.4
June 5583.7 15.9 12378.7 35.3
July 5929.7 16.9 18308.4 52.2
August 7089.8 20.2 25398.2 72.3
September 2251.9 6.4 27650.1 78.8
October 2560.7 7.3 30210.8 86.1
November 4583.1 13.1 34793.9 99.1
December 312.4 0.9 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-435. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 34648.1 98.7 34648.1 98.7
Permanent 458.2 1.3 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-436. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for Hispanic workers in
the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 458.2 1.3 458.2 1.3
Yes 29455.4 83.9 29913.6 85.2
No 5192.7 14.8 35106.3 100.0

264


Section 2: National Data

11


Table 3-319. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 584.0 6.9 584.0 6.9
Machinery 770.6 9.1 1354.6 16.0
Livestock 2906.1 34.3 4260.7 50.2
Hand tool 652.0 7.7 4912.7 57.9
Pesticide/chem. 33.3 0.4 4946.0 58.3
Working surface 116.7 1.4 5062.7 59.7
Truck/auto 501.4 5.9 5564.1 65.6
Other vehicle 426.1 5.0 5990.2 70.6
Other 2490.5 29.4 8480.7 100.0

226


Table 3-450. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for black and other race workers in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Crush 523.6 27.6 523.6 27.6
Fracture 752.8 39.7 1276.4 67.3
Sprain/strain 506.2 26.7 1782.6 94.0
Other 114.5 6.0 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-451. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
black and other race workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 610.1 1.7 610.1 1.7
Caught between 1228.7 3.5 1838.8 5.2
Caught under 1080.8 3.1 2919.6 8.3
Struck by/against 1234.5 3.5 4154.1 11.8
Struck by falling 1457.0 4.2 5611.1 16.0
Struck by flying 671.8 1.9 6282.9 17.9
Contact sharp obj. 5144.4 14.7 11427.3 32.6
Fall, same level 2931.9 8.4 14359.2 40.9
Fall, elevation 1478.3 4.2 15837.5 45.1
Overexertion 11980.2 34.1 27817.7 79.2
Other 7288.6 20.8 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-452. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for black and other race workers in the West
region of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent.
Farm maint. 190.3 10.0 190.3 10.0
Machine maint. 687.6 36.2 877.9 46.3
Field work 562.5 29.7 1440.4 75.9
Crop handling 190.3 10.0 1630.7 86.0
Livestock handling 151.9 8.0 1782.6 94.0
Other 114.5 6.0 1897.1 100.0

269


Table 2-26. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 1310.6 $2.9 1310.6 $2.9
Partner/family 107.1 4.3 1417.7 57.2
Hired labor 891.6 36.0 2309.3 93.2
Unpaid nonfamily 121.6 4.9 2430.9 98.1
Other 46.3 1.9 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-27. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Colorado, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 2279.5 92.0 2279.5 92.0
Female 197.7 8.0 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-28. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Colorado, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 136.9 5.5 136.9 5.5
20-29 305.6 12.3 442.5 17.9
30-39 617.8 24.9 1060.3 42.8
40-49 502.5 20.3 1562.8 63.1
50-S9 364.8 14.7 1927.6 77.8
60-69 488.8 19.7 2416.4 97.5
>=70 60.8 2.5 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-29. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 1803.5 72.8 1803.5 72.8
Hispanic 384.6 15.5 2188.1 88.3
Asian 76.1 3.1 2264.2 91.4
American Indian 76.1 3.1 2340.3 94.5
Other 136.9 5.5 2477.2 100.0

282


Table 3-219. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 860.4 7.3 860.4 7.3
Eye 186.6 1.6 1047.0 8.9
Chest/trunk 1803.6 15.4 2850.6 24.3
Back 279.1 2.4 3129.7 26.7
Arm/shoulder 397.1 3.4 3526.8 30.1
Finger 2105.1 18.0 5631.9 48.0
Hand/wrist 1169.8 10.0 6801.7 58.0
Leg/knee/hip 1948.1 16.6 8749.8 74.6
Toe 281.0 2.4 9030.8 77.0
Foot 1185.5 10.1 10216.3 87.1
Mult. parts 1507.4 12.9 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-220. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 186.6 1.6 186.6 1.6
Bruise 3490.9 29.8 3677.5 31.4
Burn 255.6 2.2 3933.1 33.5
cut 2027.0 17.3 5960.1 50.8
Crush 222.3 1.9 6182.4 52.7
Fracture 1956.5 16.7 8138.9 69.4
Poisoning 33.3 0.3 8172.2 69.7
Puncture 408.9 3.5 8581.1 73.2
Sprain/strain 2216.8 18.9 10797.9 92.1
Mult. injury 703.5 6.0 11501.4 98.1
Other 222.3 1.9 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-221. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 612.7 5.2 612.7 5.2
Caught between 2463.1 21 3075.8 26.2
Struck by/against 1084.5 9.3 4160.3 35.5
Struck by falling 707.1 6.0 4867.4 41.5
Struck by flying 186.6 1.6 5054.0 43.1
Contact sharp obj. 1088.4 9.3 6142.4 $2.4
Fall, same level 946.4 8.1 7088.8 60.5
Fall, elevation 2440.8 20.8 9529.6 81.3
Other 2194.1 18.7 11723.7 100.0

193


Table 4-86. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Michigan, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 3638.4 60.7 3638.4 60.7
Partner/family 550.5 9.2 4188.9 69.8
Hired labor 1809.7 30.2 5998.6 100.0

Table 4-87. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Michigan, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 5427.0 90.5 5427.0 90.5
Female 571.6 9.5 5998.6 100.0

Table 4-88. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Michigan, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 316.6 5.3 316.6 5.3
20-29 1220.5 20.3 1537.1 25.6
30-39 1312.0 21.9 2849.1 47.5
40-49 388.4 6.5 3237.5 54.0
50-59 2430.9 40.5 5668.4 94.5
60-69 330.2 5.5 5998.6 100.0
>=70 0.0 0.0 5998.6 100.0

Table 4-89. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Michigan, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 5626.9 93.8 5626.9 93.8
Hispanic 371.7 6.2 5998.6 100.0

302


Table 3-8. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 13401.2 93.0 13401.2 93.0
Hispanic 1010.2 7.0 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-9. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 153.5 1.1 153.5 1.1
February 667.6 4.6 821.1 5.7
March 397.6 2.8 1218.7 8.5
April 1446.3 10.0 2665.0 18.5
May 1501.6 10.4 4166.6 28.9
June 746.1 5.2 4912.7 34.1
July 2967.1 20.6 7879.8 54.7
August 1034.9 7.2 8914.7 61.9
September 1517.8 10.5 10432.5 72.4
October 1647.8 11.4 12080.3 83.8
November 1231.5 8.5 13311.8 92.4
December 1099.6 7.6 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-10. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 13943.2 96.8 13943.2 96.8
Permanent 468.2 3.2 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-11. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for family workers in
the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 468.2 3.2 468.2 3.2
Yes 11654.2 80.9 12122.4 84.1
No 2289.0 15.9 14411.4 100.0

124


Table 4-60. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

worker was injured for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm main. 2571.8 23.1 2571.8 23.1
Machine main. 1753.5 15.7 4325.4 38.8
Field work 639.2 5.7 4964.5 44.6
Crop handling 3013.1 27.1 7977.6 71.6
Livestock handling 2799.4 25.1 10777.0 96.8
Other 360.1 3.2 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-61. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 786.3 7.1 786.3 7.1
Machinery 2539.8 22.8 3326.0 29.9
Livestock 1471.9 13.2 4798.0 43.1
Hand tool 2260.8 20.3 7058.8 63.4
Power tool 213.1 1.9 7271.8 65.3
Working surface 1146.4 10.3 8418.2 75.6
Other vehicle 573.2 5.1 8991.4 80.7
Other 2145.7 19.3 11137.1 100.0

293


Table 3-28. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 8445.8 19.2 8445.8 19.2
Machine maint. 4415.0 10.0 12860.8 29.2
Field work 8775.5 19.9 21636.3 49.1
Crop handling 7117.7 16.1 28754.0 65.2
Livestock handling 14527.8 32.9 43281.8 98.1
Other 816.4 1.9 44098.2 100.0

Table 3-29. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 4543.5 10.3 4543.5 10.3
Machinery 7563.4 17.2 12106.9 27.5
Livestock 10333.2 23.4 22440.1 50.9
Hand tool 3189.7 7.2 25629.8 58.1
Power tool 805.9 1.8 26435.7 59.9
Pesticide/chem. 886.1 2.0 27321.8 62.0
Plant/tree 2464.8 5.6 29786.6 67.5
Working surface 4111.2 9.3 33897.8 76.9
Truck/auto 1331.6 3.0 35229.4 79.9
Other vehicle 1071.6 2.4 36301.0 82.3
Other 7797.2 17.7 44098 .2 100.0

130


22. Oid anv tractor accigents occur in 1993 (regaraiess of 25. What was tne result of the overturn?

wnetner any, injury occurrea)?

Enter cooe

Yes .. ~~. wenens-
— - 10s { Individuai unharmed —---.-.
If no, ski to question 30. If the individuai was unharmea.
skip to Queston 28.

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REFER TO THE MOST 26, Who was the injured person?

TRACTOR ACQDENT. Tractor operator
Passengerfextra rider |
Other (specify)

23. Did the tractor accident invoive an overturn?
27. Was tne tractor equipped with a Rollover Protective
Structure (ROPS) or omer rotlover protection?

28. Wasa seat belt being useo?
Yes... a1 Emercose

No, but a seat belt was oresent ...2 ft]
No seat belt was present = 3

29. Descnoe the tractor overturn (uniess st was descniped in question 6 on page 1). include wnat the person was daing,
what objects were invoived, what sequence of events lead to the overturn, and where the event occurred.

30. Whicn par of your agricuitural operauon contnouted the most to your 1993 value of sates?

Cash grains (wheat, corn, soybeans. etc.)
Fiela crops (cotton, hay, Lonacco, etc.) ..
Speciaity crops (fruit, vegetables, etc.)
Horucuiturai speciaities (flowers, nursery, etc.)

Aremai specialities (horses, fur bearing arumais, aquaculture. etc!
Other specify)

31.” Would you like to receive a copy of the resuits of this survey?

{ Pubhe reooring puraen for this survey averages 20 minute’ per response, This nCUdes UMe for Renewing HnstrU
| and competing the questonnawe. Send comments about tne burcen erumate OF any other asDect of this survey. inctuding
| reducing tne duroen. to the Othce of Management ana Sudget, Pacerwork Reduction Provect (0535-0223), Wasungton. 0.C. 20503. Plense +
1 da

quesuonnaNe to the aaare ‘

Reported by
Thank you for your assistance. Please return this survey form in the enclosed envelope.

rl

352


Table 3-378.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 277.5 4.9 277.5 4.9
Cut 2107.5 37.3 2385.0 42.2
Fracture 516.5 9.1 2901.5 $1.3
Puncture 337.5 6.0 3239.0 57.3
Sprain/strain 1612.4 28.5 4851.4 85.8
Mult. injury 148.8 2.6 5000.2 88.4
Other 653.0 11.6 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-379.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 367.7 6.5 367.7 6.5
Caught under 337.5 6.0 705.2 12.5
Struck by/against 670.2 11.9 1375.4 24.3
Struck by falling 1377.3 24.4 2752.7 48.7
Contact sharp obj. 337.5 6.0 3090.2 54.7
Fall, same level 297.6 5.3 3387.8 59.9
Overexertion 1949.9 34.5 5337.7 94.4
Other 315.5 5.6 $653.2 100.0
Table 3-380. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for Hispanic workers in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1273.8 22.5 1273.8 22.5
Field work 2895.1 51.2 4168.9 73.7
Crop handling 446.4 7.9 4615.3 81.6
Livestock handling 1037.9 18.4 5653.2 100.0
Table 3-381. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S.,

Source of

1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 3011.3 53.3 3011.3 $3.3
Livestock 670.2 11.9 3681.5 65.1
Plant/tree 297.6 5.3 3979.1 70.4
Working surface 549.9 9.7 4529.0 80.1
Other vehicle 367.7 6.5 4896.7 86.6
Other 756.5 13.4 5653.2 100.0

248


Table 3-195.

for hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 909.9 5.6 909.9 5.6
Eye 1344.3 8.3 2254.2 13.9
Chest/trunk 1397.9 8.6 3652.1 22.6
Back 3231.3 20.0 6883.4 42.6
Arm/shoulder 324.3 2.0 7207.7 44.6
Finger 1874.1 11.6 9081.8 56.2
Hand/wrist 1994.6 12.3 11076.4 68.5
Leg/knee/hip 968.0 6.0 12044.4 74.5
Toe 566.2 3.5 12610.6 78.0
Foot 3067.8 19.0 15678.4 97.0
Mult. parts 486.3 3.0 16164.7 100.0
Table 3-196. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 2526.9 15.6 2526.9 15.6
Burn 112.5 0.7 2639.4 16.3
cut 3988.7 24.7 6628.1 41.0
Crush 1647.2 10.2 8275.3 51.2
Fracture 1444.7 8.9 9720.0 60.1
Puncture 1078.0 6.7 10798.0 66.8
Sprain/strain 3381.1 20.9 14179.1 87.7
Mult. injury 148.8 0.9 14327.9 88.6
Other 1836.8 11.4 16164.7 100.0
Table 3-197. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 318.8 2.0 318.8 2.0
Caught between 2816.4 17.4 3135.2 19.4
Caught under 337.5 2.1 3472.7 21.5
Struck by/against 3038.8 18.8 6511.5 40.3
Struck by falling 1960.1 12.1 8471.6 $2.4
Contact sharp obj. 2117.0 13.1 10588.6 65.5
Fall, same level 1103.9 6.8 11692.5 72.3
Fall, elevation 285.0 1.8 11977.5 74.1
Overexertion 2975.3 18.4 14952.8 92.5
Other 1211.9 7.5 16164.7 100.0

185


Table 4-158. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 3837.0 62.7 3837.0 62.7
Partner/family 639.6 10.5 4476.6 73.2
Hired labor 1429.1 3.4 5905.6 96.6
Unpaid nonfamily 184.1 3.0 6089.7 99.6
Other 26.6 0. 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-159. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the.
State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 4569.2 74.7 4569.2 74.7
Female 1547.1 25.3 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-160. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Pennsylvania, 1993

Age Cumulative Cumulative
Group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 $80.1 9.5 580.1 9.5
20-29 1636.8 26.8 2216.8 36.2
30-39 667.3 10.9 2884.2 47.2
40-49 1058.0 17.3 3942.2 64.5
50-59 636.6 10.4 4578.8 74.9
60-69 675.2 11.0 5254.0 85.9
>=70 862.3 14.1 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-161. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 5581.4 91.3 5581.4 91.3
Hipanic 534.9 8.7 6116.3 100.0
All Other 0.0 0.0 6116.3 100.0

326


Table 3-162. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for family workers in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1912.7 17.7 1912.7 17.7
Machine maint. 1346.0 12.5 3258.7 30.2
Field work 1507.4 14.0 4766.1 44.2
Crop handling 2360.5 21.9 7126.6 66.1
Livestock handling 2519.8 23.4 9646.4 89.5
Other 1129.9 10.5 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-163. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 316.9 2.9 316.9 2.9
Machinery 1498.1 13.9 1815.0 16.8
Livestock 1990.6 18.5 3805.6 35.3
Hand tool 427.9 4.0 4233.5 39.3
Power tool 1465.2 13.6 5698.7 52.9
Plant/tree 326.6 3.0 6025.3 55.9
Working surface 1195.7 41.1 7221.0 67.0
Truck/auto 471.1 4.4 7692.1 71.4
Other 3084.2 28.6 10776.3 100.0

174


Table 2-177. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for female workers, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 17533.2 90.7 17533.2 90.7
Hispanic 1234.9 6.4 18768.1 97.1
Asian 562.5 2.9 19330.6 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 2-178. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for female workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 440.1 2.3 440.1 2.3
February 611.5 3.2 1051.6 5.4
March 434.9 2.2 1486.5 7.7
April 2553.1 13.2 4039.6 20.9
May 2691.9 13.9 6731.5 34.8
June 3259.2 16.9 9990.7 51.7
July 1609.3 3 11600.0 60.0
August 1676.0 8.7 13276.0 68.7
September 809.5 4.2 14085.5 72.9
October 935.4 4.8 15020.9 77.7
November 1802.3 9.3 16823.2 87.0
December 2507.4 13.0 19330.6 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 2-179. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for female workers, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 18972.9 97.4 18972.9 97.4
Permanent 506.5 2.6 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-180. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for female workers,
1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 506.5 2.6 506.5 2.6
Yes 17270.8 88.7 17777.3 91.3
No 1702.1 8.7 19479.4 100.0

70


Table 3-394. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency _ Percent
Cash grain 23294.4 29.1 23294.4 29.1
Field crops 2731.4 3.4 26025.8 32.5
Veg, fruit, nuts 1145.6 1.4 27171.4 33.9
Nursery 1749.5 2.2 28920.9 36.1
Beef, hogs, sheep 30282.3 37-8 59203.2 73.8
Poultry 80.0 0.1 59283.2 73.9
Dairy 20263.6 25.3 79546.8 99.2
Other farms 640.0 0.8 80186.8 100.0

Table 3-395. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for white workers in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 69374.0 86.5 69374.0 86.5
Hired 10368.2 12.9 79742.2 99.4
Other 444.6 0.6 80186.8 100.0

Table 3-396. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for white
workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 71706.1 89.4 71706.1 89.4
Female 8480.7 10.6 80186.8 100.0

Table 3-397. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
10-19 7085.7 8.8 7085.7 8.8
20-29 9280.8 11.6 16366.5 20.4
30-39 20843.1 26.0 37209.6 46.4
40-49 13057.2 16.3 50266.8 62.7
50-59 15728.7 19.6 65995.5 82.3
60-69 10778.2 13.4 76773.7 95.7
>=70 3413.1 4.3 80186.8 100.0

252


Table 4-144. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 495.8 13.5 495.8 13.5
Machine maint. 1277.2 34.7 1773.0 48.2
Field work 530.2 14.4 2303.2 62.6
Crop handling 29.4 0.8 2332.6 63.4
Livestock handling 1171.4 31.8 3504.0 95.2
Other 174.8 4.8 3678.8 100.0

Table 4-145. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 321.0 8.7 321.0 8.7
Machinery 705.0 19.2 1026.0 27.9
Livestock 1054.6 28.7 2080.6 56.6
Hand tool 500.8 13.6 2581.4 70.2
Power tool 87.4 2.4 2668.8 72.5
Working surface 543.6 14.8 3212.4 87.3
Other vehicle 87.4 2.4 3299.8 89.7
Other 379.0 10.3 3678.8 100.0

321


Table 4-194. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 885.9 21.9 885.9 21.9
Partner/family 218.5 5.4 1104.4 27.3
Hired labor 2840.6 70.2 3945.0 97.5
Other 101.1 2.5 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-195. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 3807.6 94.1 3807.6 94.1
Female 238.5 5.9 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-196. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 235.6 5.8 235.6 5.8
20-29 1512.2 37.4 1747.8 43.2
30-39 852.0 21.1 2599.8 64.3
40-49 712.6 17.6 3312.4 81.9
50-59 261.6 6.5 3574.0 88.3
60-69 269.9 6.7 3843.9 95.0
>=70 202.2 5.0 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-197. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 2795.5 69.1 2795.5 69.1
Hispanic 1204.8 29.8 4000.3 98.9
Other 45.8 1.1 4046.1 100.0

338


Table 2-34. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for field crop operations, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 12031.2 69.8 12031.2 69.8
Hispanic 4338.3 25.2 16369.5 95.0
Black 288.8 1.7 16658.3 96.7
Asian 190.3 1.1 16848.6 97.8
American Indian 190.3 1.1 17038.9 98.9
Other 190.3 1.1 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-35. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
field crop operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 563.3 3.3 563.3 3.3
February 413.0 2.4 976.3 5.7
March 1134.1 6.6 2110.4 12.2
April 1794.3 10.4 3904.7 22.7
May 735.8 4.3 4640.5 26.9
June 1225.4 7.1 5865.9 34.0
July 1374.9 8.0 7240.8 42.0
August 2977.4 17.3 10218.2 59.3
September 3298.6 19.1 13516.8 78.5
October 1300.4 7.5 14817.2 86.0
November 2230.3 12.9 17047.5 98.9
December 181.7 1.1 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-36. National estimates of lost~time injuries by severity
of the injury for field crop operations, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 15968 .4 92.7 15968.4 92.7
Permanent 888.2 5.2 16856.6 97.8
Fatality 372.6 2.2 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-37. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for field crop
operations, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1260.8 7.3 1260.8 7.3
Yes 13204.7 76.6 14465.5 84.0
No 2763.7 16.0 17229.2 100.0

28


Table 3-300.

workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for male

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 4199.6 5.7 4199.6 5.7
February 1506.2 2.0 5708.8 7.7
March 1815.0 2.5 7520.8 10.2
April 6339.6 8.6 13860.4 18.8
May 5660.8 7.7 19521.2 26.5
June 10475.1 14.2 29996.3 40.7
July 9983.3 13.5 39979.6 $4.3
August 7786.1 10.6 47765.7 64.8
September 10166.2 13.8 57931.9 78.6
October 6257.5 8.5 64189.4 87.1
November 6056.8 8.2 70246.2 95.3
December 3432.3 4.7 73678.5 100.0

Table 3-301.

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 70808.1 96.1 70808.2 96.1
Permanent 1992.1 2.7 72800.2 98.8
Fatality 878.3 1.2 73678.5 100.0

Table 3-302.

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for male workers in the

Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Known 3045.2 4.1 3045.2 4.1
Yes 59315.1 80.3 62360.3 84.4
No 11493.0 15.6 73853.3 100.0

220


Table 2-268. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for white workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 8974.6 5.9 8974.6 5.9
February 6795.5 4.5 15770.1 10.3
March 5979.8 3.9 21749.9 14.3
April 12131.6 8.0 33881.5 22.2
May 14352.8 9.4 48234.3 31.6
June 19615.0 12.9 67849.3 44.5
July 18293.7 12.0 86143.0 56.5
August 15461.1 10.1 101604.1 66.6
September 18968 .3 10.5 117572.4 77.1
October 10017.0 6.6 127589.4 83.7
November 12345.5 8.1 139934.9 91.7
December 12588.3 8.3 152523.2 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 2-269. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for white workers, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 142754.7 93.6 142754.7 93.6
Permanent 8538.4 5.6 151293.1 99.2
Fatality 1250.9 0.8 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-270. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for white workers, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 9789.3 6.4 9789.3 6.4
Yes 120116.7 78.7 129906.0 85.2
No 22638.0 14.8 152544.0 100.0

99


Table 2-56. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of
the U.S. for nursery operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 1407.6 9.6 1407.6 9.6
South 2370.4 16.2 3778.0 25.9
Midwest 1749.5 12.0 5527.5 37.8
West 9081.2 62.2 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-57. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for nursery operations, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 816.5 5.6 816.5 5.6
Partner/family 36.1 0.2 852.6 5.8
Hired labor 13756.1 94.2 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-58. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for nursery operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 13312.5 91.1 13312.5 91.1
Female 1296.2 8.9 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-59. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group
for nursery operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 9234.4 63.9 9234.4 63.9
30-39 1183.5 8.2 10417.9 72.0
40-49 2322.3 16.1 12740.2 88.1
50-59 307.7 2.1 13047.9 90.2
60-69 631.6 4.4 13679.5 94.6
>=70 780.4 5.4 14459.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 2-60. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for nursery operations, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 6837.7 47.3 6837.7 47.3
Hispanic 7361.3 50.9 14199.0 98.2
Black 260.9 1.8 14459.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

35


Table 3-370. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Field crops 1517.1 26.8 1517.1 26.8
Veg, fruit, nuts 2354.2 41.6 3871.3 68.5
Nursery 744.0 13.2 4615.3 81.6
Beef, hogs, sheep 277.5 4.9 4892.8 86.5
Dairy 367.7 6.5 5260.5 93.1
Other farms 392.7 6.9 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-371. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for Hispanic workers in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent _- Frequency Percent.
Hiired 5375.7 95.1 5375.7 95.1
Other 277.5 4.9 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-372. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 5355.6 94.7 5355.6 94.7
Female 297.6 5.3 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-373. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 337.5 6.0 337.5 6.0
20-29 3467.8 61.3 3805.3 67.3
30-39 1446.8 25.6 5252.1 92.9
40-49 148.8 2.6 5400.9 95.5
50-59 252.3 4.5 5653.2 100.0

246


Table 4-102. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Missouri, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 554.0 12.2 554.0 12.2
February 0.0 0.0 554.0 12.2
March 0.0 0.0 554.0 12.2
April 279.0 6.1 833.0 18.3
May 341.4 7.5 1174.4 25.8
June 825.0 18.1 1999.4 43.9
July 414.5 9.1 2413.9 53.0
August 418.5 9.2 2832.4 62.2
September 884.9 19.4 3717.3 81.6
October 410.5 9.0 4127.8 90.6
November 291.4 6.4 4419.2 97.0
December 135.5 3.0 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-103. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Missouri, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 4419.2 97.0 4419.2 97.0
Permanent 135.5 3.0 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-104. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Missouri, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 135.5 3.0 135.5 3.0
Yes 3190.2 70.0 3325.7 73.0
No 1229.0 27.0 4554.7 100.0

307


Table 3-358. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
white workers in the South region of the U.sS., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 2778.4 7.7 2778.4 7.7
Field crops 5546.8 15.3 8325.2 23.0
Veg, fruit, nuts 2286.1 6.3 10611.3 29.3
Nursery 1216.7 3.4 11828.0 32.6
Beef, hogs, sheep 19062.7 52.6 30890.7 85.2
Poultry 570.0 1.6 31460.7 86.8
Dairy 3695.6 10.2 35156.3 97.0
Other farms 1097.0 3.0 36253.3 100.0

Table 3-359. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for white workers in the South region of the U.S.,
1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 27270.3 79.2 27270.3 75.2
Hired 8983.0 24.8 36253.3 100.0

Table 3-360. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for white
workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 32191.8 88.8 32191.8 88.8
Female 4061.5 11.2 36253.3 100.0

Table 3-361. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
white workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1056.7 2.9 1056.7 2.9
20-29 3595.6 9.9 4652.3 12.8
30-39 8393.4 23.2 13045.7 36.0
40-49 6880.2 19.0 19925.9 55.0
50-59 6386.8 17.6 26312.7 72.6
60-69 5757.8 15.9 32070.5 88.5
>=70 4182.8 11.5 36253.3 100.0

242


Table 3-120. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3365.2 6.5 3365.2 6.5
February 1040.3 2.0 4405.5 8.5
March 1173.3 2.3 5578.8 10.8
April 3356.9 6.5 8935.7 17.2
May 3278.5 6.3 12214.2 23.6
June 6667.3 12.9 18881.5 36.4
July 7892.9 15.2 26774.4 51.7
August 5889.9 11.4 32664.3 63.0
September 6531.8 12.6 39196.1 75.6
October 3590.5 6.9 42786.6 82.6
November 5953.0 11.5 48739.6 94.0
December 3084.5 6.0 $1824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-121. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 50350.0 97.2 50350.0 97.2
Permanent 770.6 1.5 51120.6 98.6
Fatality 703.5 1.4 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-122. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for livestock operations
in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 2058.1 3.9 2058.1 3.9
Yes 42527.5 81.1 44585.6 85.1
No 7822.5 14.9 $2408.1 100.0

160


monn 1993 FARM INJURY SURVEY SOE asa
STATISTICS Exoweton Date 12:31:96
SERVICE O10-1100915

U.S. Deet.ot Agneutture Provect Coce 915

Rm

Wasnenguon, 0.C. 20250

202-720-7017 Dear Renoner:

re conoucting this survey for the Centers for Disease
Controt. The purpose of this survey ts to learn tne extent of
farm injunes ang accicents. The information wui be usea to
develop injury prevention programs. Please mail your
report. which wil be kept confidential, in the enclosed
enveione. Response to this survey 1s voluntary and not
required by jaw. Thanx you for your cooperation.

Sinceresy,

Rech, film
Richard O. Allen, Chairperson

Pleate Mane Corrections sn hame. aacrest and 21D Coge. Hf necessary. Agnculturat Stausucs Board

1. How many acres were in your farm operation in 1993 (inciude set aside acres)? _ __.

2. Estimated total hours of farm work oertormed by the operator, partners. ana 94a and unpaid
family members aunng 1993. (Examole: Two family memoers working 2 hours per aay for 4
days a week for 30 weexsis 2X 2X 4X 30 = 480 total hours.) __

3. Estumated total hours of farm work performed by full and part-time hired
farm workers ang other unpaid farm workers during 1993.

An INJURY is any condition which resulted in 1/2 day or more of restricted activity. AWORK-
RELATED INJURY is an injury associated with the business of operating your farm. RESTRICTED
ACTIVITY is defined as the inability to perform normai activities.
INCLUDE EXCLUDE
Injuries which accurree while erforming Injuries which occurred during household and
farm work on or oti the farm. recreational activities.

Injuries to the operator. partners, paid and unpaid Injuries to contractors, custom operators,
famuly members, tuil ano part-ume fired farmworkers, special service worxers, and farm visitors.
and other unpaia farm workers.

.. Number:

4. How many farm work-retatea injuries occurred in 1993?.
If no injuries occurrea in 1993, skip to question 21 on page 3.

5. How many injuries (reported in question 4) involved a tractor as the major source ‘00s
of injury? ------ Number

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REFER TO THE MOST RECENT INJURY REPORTED IN QUESTION 4.

6. Describe the most recent injury. include what the person was doing, what objects were involved, what sequence of
events fead to the mnjury, and where the event occurred.

349


Table 4-66. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Kansas, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 111.2 1.9 111.2 1.9
March 0.0 0.0 111.2 1.9
April 218.3 3.7 329.5 5.6
May 1166.6 19.7 1496.1 25.3
June 444.8 7.5 1940.9 32.8
July 911.1 15.4 2852.0 48.2
August 734.2 12.4 3586.2 60.6
September 239.1 4.0 3825.3 64.6
October 574.2 9.7 4399.5 74.3
November 703.6 11.9 $103.1 86.2
December 814.8 13.8 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-67. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 5566.1 94.1 5566.1 94.1
Fatality 351.8 5.9 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-68. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of Kansas,
1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 351.8 5.9 351.8 5.9
Yes 5270.3 89.1 5622.1 95.0
No 295.8 5.0 $917.9 100.0

295


Table 2-142. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for hired workers, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 4333.8 6.0 4333.8 6.0
Eye 8207.0 11.3 12540.8 17.2
Chest/trunk 7804.7 10.7 20345.5 28.0
Back 15235.2 21.0 35580.7 48.9
Arm/shoulder 4546.6 6.3 40127.3 $5.2
Finger 8392.7 11.5 48520.0 66.7
Hand/wrist 7513.6 10.3 $6033.6 717.1
Leg/knee/hip 5572.1 7.7 61605.7 84.7
Toe 847.2 1.2 62452.9 85.9
Foot 5821.5 8.0 68274.4 93.9
Mult. parts 2340.3 3.2 70614.7 97.1
Other 2103.0 2.9 72717.7 100.0

Table 2-143. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for hired workers, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 186.6 0.3 186.6 0.3
Bruise 12029.5 16.5 12216.1 16.8
Burn 1402.6 1.9 13618.7 18.7
cut 13677.9 18.8 27296.6 37.5
Crush 3656.6 5.0 30953.2 42.6
Fracture 6232.5 8.6 37185.7 $1.1
Poisoning 33.3 0.0 37219.0 51.2
Puncture 2975.8 4.1 40194.8 55.3
Sprain/strain 24970.4 34.3 65165.2 89.6
Mult. injury 1000.7 1.4 66165.9 91.0
Other 6551.8 9.0 72717.7 100.0

Table 2-144. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for hired workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 2117.4 2.9 2117.4 2.9
Caught between 7683.2 10.6 9800.6 13.5
Caught under 1639.5 2.3 11440.1 15.7
Struck by/against 8912.6 12.3 20352.7 28.0
Struck by falling 4189.1 5.8 24541.8 33.7
Struck by flying 1378.3 1.9 25920.1 35.6
Contact sharp obj. 8817.9 12.1 34738.0 47.8
Fall, same level 6173.3 8.5 40911.3 56.3
Fall, elevation 4356.0 6.0 45267.3 62.3
Overexertion 16536.6 22.7 61803.9 85.0
Other 10913.8 15.0 72717.7 100.0

60


Table 3-428. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for white workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1849.4 8.1 1849.4 8.1
Machine maint. 5577 24.6 7426.4 32.7
Field work 484.3 2.1 7910.7 34.8
Crop handling 1022.3 4.5 8933 39.3
Livestock handling 6971.7 30.7 15904.7 70.1
Other 6798 29.9 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-429. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 3578.5 15.8 3578.5 15.8
Livestock 5008.8 22.1 8587.3 37.8
Hand tool 3343.5 14.7 11930.8 52.6
Power tool 219.0 1.0 12149.8 53.5
Pesticide/chem. 115.8 0.5 12265.6 54.0
Plant/tree 576.1 2.5 12841.7 56.6
Working surface 1457.3 6.4 14299.0 63.0
Truck/auto 244.4 1.1 14543.4 64.1
Liquids 734.4 3.2 15277.8 67.3
Other 7424.9 32.7 22702.7 100.0

262


Table 3-236. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 347.4 0.8 347.4 0.8
Field crops 2551.6 6.2 2899.0 7.0
Veg, fruit, nuts 19325.3 46.8 22224.3 53.8
Nursery 9081.2 22.0 31305.5 75.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 2504.4 6.1 33809.9 81.8
Poultry 333.3 0.8 34143.2 82.7
Dairy 5480.8 13.3 39624.0 95.9
Other farms 1683.8 4.1 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-237. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for hired

workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 40190.0 97.3 40190.0 97.3
Female 1117.8 2.7 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-238. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 779.2 1.9 779.2 1.9
20-29 16629.0 40.3 17408.2 42.1
30-39 11715.6 28.4 29123.8 70.5
40-49 9352.9 22.6 38476.7 93.1
50-59 2372.9 5.7 40849.6 98.9
>=70 458.2 1.1 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-239. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 6295.5 15.2 6295.5 15.2
Hispanic 33868 .0 82.0 40163.5 97.2
Black 164.0 0.4 40327.5 97.6
American Indian 190.3 0.5 40517.8 98.1
Other 790.0 1.9 41307.8 100.0

199


Table 4-74. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and
Vermont, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 1377.9 71.1 1377.9 71.1
Partner/family 166.4 8.6 1544.3 79.7
Hired labor 352.5 18.2 1896.8 97.9
Other 41.6 2.1 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-75. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 1519.4 78.4 1519.4 78.4
Female 419.0 21.6 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-76. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993

Age Cumulative Cumulative
Group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 166.4 8.6 166.4 8.6
20-29 496.1 25.6 662.5 34.2
30-39 255.5 13.2 918.0 47.4
40-49 413.8 21.3 1331.7 68.7
50-59 532.0 27.4 1863.8 96.1
60-69 33.1 1.7 1896.8 97.9
>=70 41.6 2.1 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-77. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 1938.4 100.0 1938.4 100.0

298


Table 3-72. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
livestock operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 153.5 1.9 153.5 1.9
February 667.6 8.2 821.1 10.1
March 325.4 4.0 1146.5 14.1
April 287.1 3.5 1433.6 17.7
May 956.3 11.8 2389.9 29.4
June 483.0 6.0 2872.9 35.4
July 786.5 9.7 3659.4 45.1
August 880.4 10.8 4539.8 55.9
September 1078.0 13.3 5617.8 69.2
October 380.5 4.7 5998.3 73.9
November 1071.5 13.2 7069.8 87.1
December 1045.8 12.9 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-73. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for livestock operations in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 7782.0 95.9 7782.0 95.9
Permanent 333.6 4.1 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-74. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for livestock operations
in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 333.6 4.1 333.6 4.1
Yes 6484.6 79.9 6818.2 84.0
No 1297.4 16.0 8115.6 100.0

144


Table 2-43. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of
the U.S. for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 1498.6 4.6 1498.6 4.6
South 4906.4 15.0 6405.0 19.6
Midwest 1759.2 5.4 8164.2 25.0
West 24463.8 75.0 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-44. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 8987.6 27.5 8987.6 27.5
Partner/family 120.7 0.4 9108.3 27.9
Hired labor 23432.9 71.8 32541.2 99.7
Unpaid nonfamily 86.8 0.3 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-45. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 31329.1 96.0 31329.1 96.0
Female 1298.9 4.0 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-46. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group
for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2128.1 6.5 2128.1 6.5
20-29 8013.3 24.6 10141.4 31.1
30-39 9440.0 28.9 19581.4 60.0
40-49 7421.9 22.7 27003.3 82.8
50-59 3087.2 9.5 30090.5 92.2
60-69 1470.6 4.5 31561.1 96.7
>=70 1066.9 3.3 32628.0 100.0

31


Table 2-152. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for family workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 44.3 3.2 44.3 3.2
February 0.0 0.0 44.3 3.2
March 277.5 20.3 321.8 23.5
April 252.7 18.5 574.5 42.0
May 0.0 0.0 574.5 42.0
June 386.3 28.2 960.8 70.2
July 0.0 0.0 960.8 70.2
August 0.0 0.0 960.8 70.2
September 291.6 21.3 1252.4 91.5
October 0.0 0.0 1252.4 91.5
November 115.8 8.5 1368.2 100.0
December 0.0 0.0 1368.2 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-153. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for family workers, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1323.9 96.8 1323.9 96.8
Permanent 44.3 3.2 1368.2 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-154. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for family workers,
1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 219.1 14.2 219.1 14.2
Yes 1323.9 85.8 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-155. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for family workers, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 115.8 7.5 115.8 7.5
Back 452.3 29.3 568.1 36.8
Arm/shoulder 69.3 4.5 637.4 41.3
Finger 608.6 39.4 1246.0 80.8
Mult. parts 44.3 2.9 1290.3 83.6
Other 252.7 16.4 1543.0 100.0

63


Table 3-198. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for hired workers in the Southern region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 3205.5 19.8 3205.5 19.8
Machine maint. 2305.8 14.3 §511.3 34.1
Field work 4910.8 30.4 10422.1 64.5
Crop handling 1949.2 12.1 12371.3 76.5
Livestock handling 3282.3 20.3 15653.6 96.8
Other 511.1 3.2 16164.7 100.0

Table 3-199. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1762.1 10.9 1762.1 10.9
Machinery 4465.1 27.6 6227.2 38.5
Livestock 1903.1 11.8 8130.3 50.3
Hand tool 1620.7 10.0 9751.0 60.3
Pesticide/chem. 150.0 0.9 9901.0 61.3
Plant/tree 1341.4 8.3 11242.4 69.5
Working surface 1170.0 7.2 12412.4 76.8
Truck/auto 933.0 5.8 13345.4 82.6
Other vehicle 367.7 2.3 13713.1 84.8
Other 2451.6 15.2 16164.7 100.0

186


Table 4-62. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 3392.1 57.3 3392.1 57.3
Partner/family 912.6 15.4 4304.7 72.7
Hired labor 1279.6 21.6 5584.3 94.4
Unpaid nonfamily 111.2 1.9 5695.5 96.2
Other 222.4 3.8 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-63. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Kansas, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 5367.6 90.7 5367.6 90.7
Female 550.3 9.3 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-64. Estimates of lost~time injuries by age group for the
State of Kansas, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 306.8 $.2 306.8 $.2
20-29 621.5 10.5 928.3 15.7
30-39 2572.3 43.5 3500.6 59.2
40-49 574.2 9.7 4074.8 68.9
50-59 725.4 12.3 4800.2 81.1
60-69 654.7 11.1 5454.9 92.2
>=70 463.0 7.8 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-65. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 5806.7 98.1 5806.7 98.1
Hispanic 111.2 1.9 §917.9 100.0

294


Table 3-216. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for hired
workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 679.5 5.8 679.5 5.8
February 222.3 1.9 901.8 7.7
March 186.6 1.6 1088.4 9.3
April 426.1 3.6 1514.5 12.9
May 2561.2 21.8 4075.7 34.8
June 1124.7 9.6 $200.4 44.4
July 1483.8 12.7 6684.2 57.0
August 584.0 5.0 7268.2 62.0
September 33.3 0.3 7301.5 62.3
October 720.3 6.1 8021.8 68.4
November 1615.1 13.8 9636.9 82.2
December 2086.8 17.8 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-217. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 11537.1 98.4 11537.1 98.4
Permanent 186.6 1.6 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-218. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for hired workers in the
Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 186.6 1.6 186.6 1.6
Yes 11118.2 94.8 11304.8 96.4
No 418.9 3.6 11723.7 100.0

192


Table 4-94. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Michigan, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 93.3 1.6 93.3 1.6
Bruise 1313.4 21.9 1406.7 23.5
cut 1997.0 33.3 3403.7 56.7
Crush 423.5 7.1 3827.2 63.8
Fracture 1037.1 17.3 4864.3 81.1
Puncture 158.3 2.6 5022.6 83.7
Sprain/strain 355.4 5.9 5378.0 89.7
Mult. injury 230.1 3.8 5608.1 93.5
Other 390.5 6.5 5998.6 100.0

Table 4-95. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Michigan, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 93.3 1.6 93.3 1.6
Caught between 388.4 6.5 481.7 8.0
Caught under 225.4 3.8 707.1 11.8
Struck by/against 1457.1 24.3 2164.2 36.1
Struck by flying 258.4 4.3 2422.6 40.4
Contact sharp obj. 763.2 12.7 3185.8 53.1
Fall, same level 1108.9 18.5 4294.7 71.6
Fall, elevation 406.9 6.8 4701.6 78.4
Overexertion 230.1 3.8 4931.7 82.2
Other 1066.9 17.8 5998.6 100.0

Table 4-96. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Michigan, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 516.8 8.6 516.8 8.6
Machine maint. 230.1 3.8 746.9 12.5
Field work 1747.8 29.1 2494.7 41.6
Crop handling 656.3 10.9 3151.0 52.5
Livestock handling 2589.2 43.2 5740.2 95.7
Other 258.4 4.3 5998.6 100.0

304


Table 2-271. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for white workers, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 7767.9 5.1 7767.9 $.1
Eye 8986.9 5.9 16754.8 11.0
Chest/trunk 12452.1 8.2 29206.9 19.1
Back 16449.3 10.8 45656.2 29.9
Arm/shoulder 11788.7 7.7 57444.9 37.7
Finger 19657.9 12.9 77102.8 50.5
Hand/wrist 18037.0 11.8 95139.8 62.4
Leg/knee/hip 27623.7 18.1 122763.5 80.5
Toe 1618.8 1.1 124382.3 81.5
Foot 14348.5 9.4 138730.8 90.9
Mult. parts 11487.3 7.5 150218.1 98.5
Other 2325.9 1.5 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-272. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for white workers, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Amputation 1154.2 0.8 1154.2 0.8
Bruise 20804.1 13.6 21958.3 14.4
Burn 1247.4 0.8 23205.7 15.2
Cut 29755.9 19.5 52961.6 34.7
Crush 11768.3 7.7 64729.9 42.4
Fracture 27640.8 18.1 92370.7 60.6
Poisoning 389.8 0.3 92760.5 60.8
Puncture 7919.0 5.2 100679.5 66.0
Sprain/strain 31243.4 20.5 131922.9 86.5
Mult. injury 11564.5 7.6 143487.4 94.1
Other 9056.6 5.9 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-273. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for white workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 4452.3 2.9 4452.3 2.9
Caught between 16289.6 10.7 20741.9 13.6
Caught under 6672.4 4.4 27414.3 18.0
Struck by/against 34639.0 22.7 62053.3 40.7
Struck by falling 7625.3 5.0 69678 .6 45.7
Struck by flying 6520.3 4.3 76198.9 50.0
Contact sharp obj. 16250.2 10.7 92449.1 60.6
Fall, same level 19936.3 13.1 112385.4 73.7
Fall, elevation 16717.5 11.0 129102.9 84.6
Overexertion 11265.7 7.4 140368.6 92.0
Other 12175.4 8.0 152544.0 100.0

100


Table 3-128. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for crop operations in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 8527.6 20.6 8527.6 20.6
Hired 32680.5 78.8 41208.1 99.3
Other 279.8 0.7 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-129. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for crop
operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 40128 .0 96.7 40128.0 96.7
Female 1359.9 3.3 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-130. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2231.6 $.4 2231.6 5.4
20-29 12215.4 29.4 14447.0 34.8
30-39 12042.5 29.0 26489.5 63.8
40-49 9721.2 23.4 36210.7 87.3
50-59 3398.3 8.2 39609.0 95.5
60-69 1420.7 3.4 41029.7 98.9
>=70 458.2 1.1 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-131. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 12125.0 29.2 12125.0 29.2
Hispanic 28513.5 68.7 40638.5 98.0
Black 164.0 0.4 40802.5 98.3
Asian 190.3 0.5 40992.8 98.8
American Indian 190.3 0.5 41183.1 99.3
Other 304.8 0.7 41487.9 100.0

163


Table 3-3. Regional estimates of injuries, restricted workdays, injury rate per 200,000
5 hours worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked by farm group and status of
Nw the injured worker, 1993.

Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
Lost-time Lost -time

R on
Northeast Crops

Family

4204 0.6

Hired 2091.5 5.8 27.0

Livestock Family 6572.0 6.0 104.9

Hired 1430.0 3.4 17.2

All farms Family 10776.3 7.2 103.3

Hired 3521.5 4.5 21.7

South Crops Family 7889.4 170442.2 4.1 89.2
Hired 9661.3 105569.1 4.0 43.8

Livestock Family 19766.6 449616.7 6.7 151.7

Hired 6503.4 46023.5 5.6 39,5

All farms Family 27656.0 620038.9 5.7 127.2

Hired 16164.7 151592.6 4.5 42.4

Midwest Crops Family 24036.7 458463.0 7.1 135.3
Hired 5853.8 39414.5 4.9 33.0

Livestock Family 45954.2 747728.1 9.2 148.9

Hired 5869.9 28984,1 4.4 21.3

All farms Family 69990.9 1206191.1 8.3 143.4

Hired 11723.7 68398.6 4.6 27.0

West Crops Family 8527.6 146860.0 4.7 80.5
Hired 32680.5 398508.2 6.1 74.5

Livestock Family 9338.2 242947.3 7.0 182.0

Hired 8627.3 45617,1 8.9 47.2

All farms Family 17865.8 389807.3 5.7 123.4

Hired 41307.8 444125.3 6.5 70.3


Table 3-374. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 277.5 4.9 277.5 4.9
April 148.8 2.6 426.3 7.5
May 0.0 0.0 426.3 7.5
June 516.5 9.1 942.8 16.7
July 905.3 16.0 1848.1 32.7
August 1076.1 19.0 2924.2 51.7
September 148.8 2.6 3073.0 54.4
October 2580.2 45.6 5653.2 100.0
November 0.0 0.0 5653.2 100.0
December 0.0 0.0 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-375. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 5653.2 100.0 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-376. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for Hispanic workers in
the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 5653.2 100.0 5653.2 100.0

Table 3-377. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for Hispanic workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 252.3 4.5 252.3 4.5
Eye 166.7 2.9 419.0 7.4
Back 1637.6 29.0 2056.6 36.4
Finger 148.8 2.6 2205.4 39.0
Hand/wrist 879.0 15.5 3084.4 54.6
Leg/knee/hip 252.3 4.5 3336.7 59.0
Foot 1830.2 32.4 5166.9 91.4
Mult. parts 486.3 8.6 5653.2 100.0

247


Table 2-77. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2528.0 4.0 2528.0 4.0
Bye 3330.3 5.3 $858.3 9.4
Chest/trunk 4324.9 6.9 10183.2 16.3
Back 10502.5 16.8 20685.7 33.1
Arm/shoulder 3840.8 6.1 24526.5 39.2
Finger 6587.7 10.5 31114.2 49.7
Hand/wrist 6079.8 9.7 37194.0 59.5
Leg/knee/hip 13513.6 21.6 50707.6 81.1
Toe 902.1 1.4 51609.7 82.5
Foot 4468.7 7.1 56078.4 89.7
Mult. parts 6062.9 9.7 62141.3 99.4
Other 404.6 0.6 62545.9 100.0

Table 2-78. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of
the injury for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 398.6 0.6 398.6 0.6
Bruise 8298.8 13.3 8697.4 13.9
Burn 398.6 0.6 9096.0 14.5
cut 11236.9 18.0 20332.9 32.5
Crush 4222.4 6.8 24555.3 39.3
Fracture 15053.0 24.1 39608.3 63.3
Poisoning 46.3 0.1 39654.6 63.4
Puncture 1044.3 1.7 40698.9 65.1
Sprain/strain 13057.3 20.9 53756.2 85.9
Mult. injury 5244.2 8.4 59000.4 94.3
Other 3545.5 5.7 62545.9 100.0

Table 2-79. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1224.5 2.0 1224.5 2.0
Caught between 4106.7 6.6 5331.2 8.5
Caught under 2292.8 3.7 7624.0 12.2
Struck by/against 17636.3 28.2 25260.3 40.4
Struck by falling 2559.3 4.1 27819.6 44.5
Struck by flying 1829.4 2.9 29649.0 47.4
Contact sharp obj. 5259.2 8.4 34908 .2 55.8
Fall, same level 10065.8 16.1 44974.0 71.9
Fall, elevation 7884.5 12.6 52858.5 84.5
Overexertion 5368.4 8.6 58226.9 93.1
Other 4319.0 6.9 62545.9 100.0

41


Table 2-219. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 20385.5 55.8 20385.5 55.8
Partner/family 4022.7 11.0 24408.2 66.9
Hired labor 11798.5 32.3 36206.7 99.2
Unpaid nonfamily 303.8 0.8 36510.5 100.0

Table 2-220. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 31286.2 85.7 31286.2 85.7
Female 5224.3 14.3 36510.5 100.0

Table 2-221. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 27170.1 74.4 27170.21 74.4
Hipanic 8702.3 23.8 35872.4 98.3
Asian 190.3 0.5 36062.7 98.8
Other 447.8 1.2 36510.5 100.0

Table 2-223. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3647.6 10.0 3647.6 10.0
February 398.6 1.1 4046.2 11.1
March 1807.3 5.0 5853.5 16.0
April 1875.0 5.1 7728.5 21.2
May 1067.6 2.9 8796.1 24.1
June 4500.5 12.3 13296.6 36.4
duly 7719.8 21.1 21016.4 57.6
August 2815.2 7.7 23831.6 65.3
September 2280.6 6.2 26112.2 71.5
October 2387.3 6.5 28499.5 78.1
November 5355.6 14.7 33855.1 92.7
December 2655.4 7.3 36510.5 100.0

83


The TISF survey uses a personalized letter to the person asked to
complete the survey, emphasizing that their response is important.
Each person is sent a postcard after the first mailing of the
survey reminding them to complete the questionnaire.
Approximately 3 to 4 weeks after the initial mailing, a second
letter and copy of the survey is sent to those people who have not
responded. To increase the response rates, the TISF survey is
conducted in January and February — a time of the year when most
farm operators are not actively farming. The survey instrument
used for the TISF is kept at a maximum of four pages. The 1994
instrument is provided in Appendix A. Finally, an abbreviated
telephone survey is conducted on a random sample of 1,000
nonresponding farm operators to allow for the assessment of
nonresponse bias in the main survey.

The sample selection and sampling frame information for the survey
is provided by USDA, NASS through an interagency agreement. All
agricultural production operations in the U.S. are in the
population for study. NASS draws all samples, conducts the
mailings, cnducts follow-back contacts to the farm operations for
assessing nonresponse, enters data, and providing all sampling
frame information required by the NIOSH sampling design.

For the survey, an injury is defined as any condition that results
in % day or more of restricted activity (e.g., person could not
perform work or other normal duties, missed work, missed school).
An agricultural work-related injury is defined as any injury
meeting this definition that occurred while performing work,
either on the farm or off the farm, associated with the farm
business. This definition excludes injuries to contractors
working for the farm operation, injuries associated with work not
done for the farm business, or injuries occurring on the farmstead
while the person was not working for the farm business. While the
total number of work-related lost-time injuries are requested for
the calendar year on the survey, descriptive information is only
provided for the most recent injury event.

All information provided on the survey is self-reported by the
farm operator. As such, variables such as race or ethnic origin,
age, and the cause of the injury event are subject to the
interpretation of the farm operator.

Sampling Design:

A two-stage random sample of farm operations is drawn to provide
estimates for the study population. The sample-based estimators
for this two-stage design are provided in Appendix B. The first-
stage consists of 42 primary units, which are individual states,
or combinations of states, that ensure a reasonable number of
farming operations per primary unit (Table 1-1). The primary
units are stratified by geographic region in the U.S. (Table 1-2).
Selection of these units is systematic within a region. The
stratification of the first-stage sample by region reduces the
effect of using systematic rather than random sampling. Equal
probability sampling assumptions are used for the first-stage
sample. The number of samples in the first-stage (n,) ranges from

4


Table 4-138. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of North Dakota, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 174.8 4.9 174.8 4.9
February 116.8 3.3 291.6 8.1
March 87.4 2.4 379.0 10.6
April 321.0 8.9 700.0 19.5
May 262.2 7.3 962.2 26.8
June 1152.8 32.1 2115.0 58.9
July 174.8 4.9 2289.8 63.8
August 204.2 5.7 2494.0 69.4
September 718.4 20.0 3212.4 89.4
October 349.6 9.7 3562.0 99.2
November 29.4 0.8 3591.4 100.0
December 0.0 0.0 3591.4 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 87.4)

Table 4-139. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3241.8 90.3 3241.8 90.3
Permanent 262.2 7.3 3504.0 97.6
Fatality 87.4 2.4 3591.4 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 87.4)

Table 4-140. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of North
Dakota, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 437.0 11.9 437.0 11.9
Yes 2979.6 81.0 3416.6 92.9
No 262.2 7.1 3678.8 100.0

319


West family workers............-...... eee
West hired workerS..........-2 ee ee eee eeee ee

Regional injury estimates by gender:

Northeast male workers............-222-2000-
Northeast female workers.
South male workers
South female workers
Midwest male workers. : .
Midwest female workers.........-........005
West male workerS............. 0 eee e cece eee

Regional injury estimates by race:

Northeast white workers.............----0..4
Northeast Hispanic workers.
South white workers
South Hispanic workers
South black and other race workers.
Midwest white workers
Midwest Hispanic workers. . . . see
West white workers...........2--22 ese eeeeee
West Hispanic workers............. cece eeeee
West black and other race workers..........

SECTION IV: STATE DATA.............. 0020s eee eee eee eens
State rates for injuries and restricted workdays
by type of farm.......... 2.2... cece

State injury estimates:

Appendix A:

California.
Colorado.
Florida.

Kansas
Maine,
Michigan
Missouri.
New Jersey.
North Carolina..
North Dakota....
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Virginia
Washington and Alaska... . oe
Wisconsin....................000-

195
199

203
207
211
215
219
223

231

235
239
242
246
249
252
256
259
263
267

271

273

274
278
282
286
290
294
298
302
306
310
314
318
322
326
330
334
338
342

347


Table 3-422. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for white
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2125.0 9.4 2125.0 9.4
February 607.0 2.7 2732.0 12.0
March 2183.3 9.6 4915.3 21.7
April 667.5 2.9 $582.8 24.6
May 3114.0 13.7 8696.8 38.3
June 2060.3 9.1 10757.1 47.4
July 2898.7 12.8 13655.8 60.2
August 2570.3 11.3 16226.1 71.5
September 1678.8 7.4 17904.9 78.9
October 961.0 4.2 18865.9 83.2
November 916.0 4.0 19781.9 87.2
December 2900.0 12.8 22681.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 3-423. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 20736.0 91.3 20736.0 91.3
Permanent 1966.7 8.7 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-424. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for white workers in the
West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1966.7 8.7 1966.7 8.7
Yes 17535.5 77.2 19502.2 85.9
No 3200.5 14.1 22702.7 100.0

260


Table 3-78. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for livestock operations in the Northeast
region of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1415.8 17.4 1415.8 17.4
Machine maint. 867.9 10.7 2283.7 28.1
Field work 614.1 7.6 2897.8 35.7
Crop handling 1724.9 21.3 4622.7 57.0
Livestock handling 2743.5 33.8 7366.2 90.8
Other 749.4 9.2 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-79. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for livestock operations in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 297.0 3.7 297.0 3.7
Machinery 1263.0 15.6 1560.0 19.2
Livestock 2093.4 25.8 3653.4 45.0
Hand tool 427.9 5.3 4081.3 50.3
Power tool 731.5 9.0 4812.8 59.3
Plant/tree 134.2 1.7 4947.0 61.0
Working surface 895.7 11.0 5842.7 72.0
Truck/auto 440.0 5.4 6282.7 77.4
Other vehicle 69.3 0.9 6352.0 78.3
Other 1763.6 21.7 8115.6 100.0

146


Table 4-24. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of California, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 2111.6 14.9 2111.6 14.9
Machine maint. 824.5 5.8 2936.1 20.7
Field work 4431.9 31.3 7368.0 52.0
Crop handling 1424.6 10.1 8792.6 62.1
Livestock handling 1395.6 9.9 10188 .2 71.9
Other 3972.2 28.1 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-25. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of California, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 1679.1 11.9 1679.1 11.9
Livestock 1816.3 12.8 3495.4 24.7
Hand tool 2316.9 16.4 5812.3 41.0
Power tool 795.5 5.6 6607.8 46.7
Plant/tree 916.2 6.5 7524.0 53.1
Working surface 967.6 6.8 8491.6 60.0
Truck/auto 183.3 1.3 8674.9 61.3
Other vehicle 413.7 2.9 9088.6 64.2
Other 5071.8 35.8 14160.4 100.0

281


Table 2-67. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for nursery operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 4870.0 33.3 4870.0 33.3
Field work 5576.1 38.2 10446.1 71.5
Crop handling 1123.3 7.7 11569.4 79.2
Livestock handling 472.7 3.2 12042.1 82.4
Other 2566.6 17.6 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-68. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
injury for nursery operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 148.8 1.0 148.8 1.0
Machinery 1831.7 12.5 1980.5 13.6
Hand tool 558.5 3.8 2539.0 17.4
Power tool 2620.2 17.9 5159.2 35.3
Pesticide/chem. 66.6 0.5 5225.8 35.8
Plant/tree 677.5 4.6 5903.3 40.4
Working surface 743.4 5.1 6646.7 45.5
Other 7962.0 54.5 14608.7 100.0

38


Table 3-111.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2547.7 8.4 2547.7 8.4
Eye 814.9 2.7 3362.6 11.0
Chest/trunk 3247.4 10.6 6610.0 21.7
Back 2887.2 9.5 9497.2 31.1
Arm/shoulder 2221.1 7.3 11718.3 38.4
Finger $091.7 16.7 16810.0 55.1
Hand/wrist 3614.9 11.8 20424.9 66.9
Leg/knee/hip 4630.9 15.2 25055.8 82.1
Toe 455.8 1.5 25511.6 83.6
Foot 2256.5 7.4 27768.1 91.0
Mult. parts 2309.8 7.6 30077.9 98.6
Other 432.0 1.4 30509.9 100.0

Table 3-112. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 174.8 0.6 174.8 0.6
Bruise 4330.8 14.2 4505.6 14.8
Burn 314.3 1.0 4819.9 15.8
cut 6990.5 22.9 11810.4 38.7
Crush 1279.6 4.2 13090.0 42.9
Fracture 3914.0 12.8 17004.0 55.7
Poisoning 33.3 O.1 17037.3 55.8
Puncture 2250.0 7.4 19287.3 63.2
Sprain/strain 6297.3 20.6 25584.6 83.9
Mult. injury 3140.5 10.3 28725.1 94.2
Other 1784.8 5.8 30509.9 100.0

Table 3-113. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1809.7 5.9 1809.7 5.9
Caught between 3622.7 11.9 5432.4 17.8
Caught under 2293.5 7.5 7725.9 25.3
Struck by/against 3885.9 12.7 11611.8 38.1
Struck by falling 1800.1 5.9 13411.9 44,0
Struck by flying 1390.3 4.6 14802.2 48.5
Contact sharp obj. 2827.2 9.3 17629.4 57.8
Fall, same level 3345.4 11.0 20974.8 68.7
Fall, elevation 2816.9 9.2 23791.7 78.0
Overexertion 2107.7 6.9 25899.4 84.9
Other 4610.5 15.1 30509.9 100.0

157


Table 2-173.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by region

of the U.S. for female workers, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 3457.7 17.8 3457.7 17.8
South 4507.9 23.1 7965.6 40.9
Midwest 8480.7 43.5 16446.3 84.4
West 3033.1 15.6 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-174. National estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type

for male workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 1498.4 7.7 1498.4 7.7
Field crops 1183.5 6.1 2681.9 13.8
Veg, fruit,nuts 1298.9 6.7 3980.8 20.4
Nursery 1296.2 6.7 5277.0 27.1
Beef, hogs, sheep 7498.0 38.5 12775.0 65.6
Poultry 670.3 3.4 13445.3 69.0
Dairy 4824.4 24.8 18269.7 93.8
Other farms 1209.7 6.2 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-175. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status

of the injured worker for female workers, 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 11263.8 57.8 11263.8 57.8
Partner/family 4996.3 25.6 16260.1 83.5
Hired labor 2980.6 15.3 19240.7 98.8
Unpaid nonfamily 238.7 1.2 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-176.

National estimates of lost~time injuries by age

group for female workers, 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1386.2 7.2 1386.2 7.2
20-29 1083.0 5.6 2469.2 12.8
30-39 4961.3 25.7 7430.5 38.4
40-49 5224.3 27.0 12654.8 65.5
50-59 4667.8 24.1 17322.6 89.6
60-69 1238.4 6.4 18561.0 96.0
>=70 769.6 4.0 19330.6 100.0

(Frequency Missing 148.8)

69


Table 2-205. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 814.2 2.1 814.2 2.1
Caught between 2563.5 6.8 3377.7 8.9
Caught under 2345.2 6.2 5722.9 15.1
Struck by/against 5292.6 14.0 11015.5 29.0
Struck by falling 2885.9 7.6 13901.4 36.7
Struck by flying 1346.3 3.5 15247.7 40.2
Contact sharp obj. 4505.4 11.9 19753.1 52.1
Fall, same level 1432.3 3.8 21185.4 55.9
Fall, elevation 2530.4 6.7 23715.8 62.5
Overexertion 5634.8 14.9 29350.6 77.4
Other 8575.5 22.6 37926.1 100.0

Table 2-206. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6863.1 18.1 6863.1 18.1
Machine maint. 3717.8 9.8 10580.9 27.9
Field work 9066.6 23.9 19647.5 51.8
Crop handling 5545.6 14.6 25193.1 66.4
Livestock handling 4440.4 11.7 29633.5 78.1
Other 8292.6 21.9 37926.1 100.0

Table 2-207. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 417.9 1.1 417.9 1.1
Machinery 10527.6 27.8 10945.5 28.9
Livestock 3754.7 9.9 14700.2 38.8
Hand tool 4510.7 11.9 19210.9 50.7
Power tool 2634.7 6.9 21845.6 57.6
Pesticide/chem. 304.3 0.8 22149.9 58.4
Plant/tree 866.1 2.3 23016.0 60.7
Working surface 1589.6 4.2 24605.6 64.9
Truck/auto 1404.0 3.7 26009.6 68.6
Other vehicle 1072.4 2.8 27082.0 71.4
Liquids 370.7 1.0 27452.7 72.4
Other 10473.4 27.6 37926.1 100.0

78


Injuries Among Farm Workers
in the United States, 1993

John R. Myers
Division of Safety Research

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

April 1997


Table 2-283. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2438.1 5.6 2438.1 5.6
Eye 4012.2 9.2 6450.3 14.7
Chest/trunk 4503.9 10.3 10954.2 25.0
Back 12501.6 28.6 23455.8 53.6
Arm/shoulder 3619.5 8.3 27075.3 61.9
Finger 4242.3 9.7 31317.6 71.6
Hand/wrist 4266.9 9.8 35584.5 81.4
Leg/knee/hip 2590.4 5.9 38174.9 87.3
Toe 212.1 0.5 38387.0 87.8
Foot 2871.4 6.6 41258.4 94.3
Mult. parts 532.6 1.2 41791.0 95.5
Other 1951.1 4.5 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-284. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 6134.4 14.0 6134.4 14.0
Burn 1034.5 2.4 7168.9 16.4
cut 7154.9 16.4 14323.8 32.7
Crush 1166.7 2.7 15490.5 35.4
Fracture 2180.6 5.0 17671.1 40.4
Puncture 1573.3 3.6 19244.4 44.0
Sprain/strain 18889.4 43.2 38133.8 87.2
Mult. injury 148.8 0.3 38282.6 87.5
Other 5459.5 12.5 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-285. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 696.9 1.6 696.9 1.6
Caught between 2342.9 5.4 3039.8 6.9
Caught under 1697.4 3.9 4737.2 10.8
Struck by/against 2070.8 4.7 6808.0 15.6
Struck by falling 2899.2 6.6 9707.2 22.2
Struck by flying 671.8 1.5 10379.0 23.7
Contact sharp obj. 6061.6 13.9 16440.6 37.6
Fall, same level 3229.5 7.4 19670.1 45.0
Fall, elevation 1657.7 3.8 21327.8 48.8
Overexertion 14209.2 32.5 35537.0 81.2
Other 8205.1 18.8 43742.1 100.0

104


Table 3-174. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for hired workers in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 134.2 3.8 134.2 3.8
Machine maint. 1025.8 29.1 1160.0 32.9
Field work 1150.5 32.7 2310.5 65.6
Crop handling 476.1 13.5 2786.6 79.1
Livestock handling 734.9 20.9 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-175. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 1312.7 37.3 1312.7 37.3
Livestock 665.6 18.9 1978.3 56.2
Plant/tree 36.1 1.0 2014.4 57.2
Working surface 238.8 6.8 2253.2 64.0
Other vehicle 69.3 2.0 2322.5 66.0
Other 1199.0 34.0 3521.5 100.0

178


Table 3-17. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for the

South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 3085.2 7.0 3085.2 7.0
Field crops 7188.7 16.3 10273.9 23.3
Veg, fruit, nuts 4906.4 11.1 15180.3 34.4
Nursery 2370.4 5.4 17550.7 39.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 19738.8 44.8 37289.5 84.6
Poultry 955.7 2.2 38245.2 86.7
Dairy 4063.3 9.2 42308.5 95.9
Other farms 1789.7 4.1 44098.2 100.0

Table 3-18. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the South region of the U.S, 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 27656.0 62.7 27656.0 62.7
Hired 16164.7 36.7 43820.7 99.4
Other 277.5 0.6 44098 .2 100.0
Table 3-19. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the

South region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 39590.3 89.8 39590.3 89.8
Female 4507.9 10.2 44098 .2 100.0

fable 3-20. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the

South region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1394.2 3.2 1394.2 3.2
20-29 7728.1 17.6 9122.3 20.8
30-39 10407.9 23.7 19530.2 44.4
40-49 7029.0 16.0 26559.2 60.4
50-59 6763.9 15.4 33323.1 75.8
60-69 6143.5 14.0 39466.6 89.8
>=70 4482.8 10.2 43949.4 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

127


Table 3-104. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for crop operations in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 24036.7 78.8 24036.7 78.8
Hired 5853.8 19.2 29890.5 98.0
Other 619.4 2.0 30509.9 100.0

Table 3-105. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for crop
operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 29520.3 96.8 29520.3 96.8
Female 989.6 3.2 30509.9 100.0

fable 3-106. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2698.4 8.8 2698.4 8.8
20-29 4150.8 13.6 6849.2 22.4
30-39 8914.0 29.2 15763.2 51.7
40-49 4081.1 13.4 19844.3 65.0
50-59 4166.5 13.7 24010.8 78.7
60-69 4893.2 16.0 28904.0 94.7
>=70 1605.9 §.3 30509.9 100.0

Table 3-107. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
erigin for crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 28920.9 95.3 28920.9 95.3
Hispanic 1414.2 4.7 30335.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

155


60-69 years of age
70 years of age and older

National injury estimates by race:

Hispanic........
Black and others

National injury estimates of source of injury
by nature of injury. ......... cee eee ee ee ee eee

National injury estimates of source of injury
by type of injury event.... 2.2.0... ccc ee eee

National injury estimates of nature of injury
by body part injured... 0... . ccc ccc ee eee eens

SECTION III: REGIONAL DATA

Regional rates for injuries and restricted workdays
Regional rates for injuries and restricted workdays
by type of farm... .. cee eee ccc ee eee eeeee

Regional rates for injuries and restricted workdays
by farm group and status of the worker................

Regional injury estimates:

Regional injury estimates by farm group:

Northeast crop operations............-.....
Northeast livestock operations.
South crop operations
South livestock operations.
Midwest crop operations......
Midwest livestock operations.
West crop operations......... eee
West livestock operations................--

Regional injury estimates by status of the worker:

Northeast family workers
Northeast hired workers.
South family workers...
South hired workers..
Midwest family workers. . . .
Midwest hired workers.........----eeeeeeeee

iv

91
95

98
102
106

108

112

114

117

119

120

122

123
127
131
135

139
143
147
151
155
159
163
167

171
175
179
183
187
191


Table 3-200. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 20662.6 29.5 20662.6 29.5
Field crops 2471.4 3.5 23134.0 33.1
Veg, fruit, nuts 902.7 1.3 24036.7 34.3
Beef, hogs, sheep 28155.0 40.2 52191.7 74.6
Poultry 80.0 0.21 52271.7 74.7
Dairy 17079.2 24.4 69350.9 99.1
Other farms 640.0 0.9 69990.9 100.0

Table 3-201. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for family
workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 61730.1 88.2 61730.1 88.2
Female 8260.8 11.8 69990.9 100.0

Table 3-202. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 6500.2 9.3 6500.2 9.3
20-29 5203.0 7.4 11703.2 16.7
30-39 17769.0 25.4 29472.2 42.1
40-49 12298.4 17.6 41770.6 $9.7
50-59 13913.5 19.9 55684.1 719.6
60-69 10614.6 15.2 66298.7 94.7
>=70 3692.2 5.3 69990.9 100.0

Table 3-203. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 69374.0 99.1 69374.0 99.1
Hispanic 616.9 0.9 69990.9 100.0

187


Table 3-260. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Field crops 610.9 17.7 610.9 17.7
Veg, fruit,nuts 201.4 5.8 812.3 23.5
Nursery 667.7 19.3 1480.0 42.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 666.6 19.3 2146.6 62.1
Poultry 27.8 0.8 2174.4 62.9
Dairy 1157.2 33.5 3331.6 96.4
Other farms 126.1 3.6 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-261. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for female workers in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 2022.5 58.5 2022.5 58.5
Hired 1435.2 41.5 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-262. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 376.1 10.9 376.1 10.9
20-29 907.3 26.2 1283.4 37.1
30-39 606.2 17.5 1889.6 54.6
40-49 468.4 13.5 2358.0 68.2
50-59 201.6 5.8 2559.6 74.0
60-69 675.9 19.5 3235.5 93.6
>=70 222.2 6.4 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-263. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 3440.0 99.5 3440.0 99.5
Hispanic 17.7 0.5 3457.7 100.0

207


Table 2-286. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 7080.0 16.2 7080.0 16.2
Machine maint. 1784.1 4.1 8864.1 20.3
Field work 17254.6 39.4 26118.7 59.7
Crop handling 5776.5 13.2 31895.2 72.9
Livestock handling 3097.5 7.1 34992.7 80.0
Other 8749.4 20.0 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-287. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 973.5 2.2 973.5 2.2
Machinery 7317.2 16.7 8290.7 19.0
Livestock 3256.9 7.4 11547.6 26.4
Hand tool 5819.8 13.3 17367.4 39.7
Power tool 2267.1 5.2 19634.5 44.9
Plant/tree 3742.3 8.6 23376.8 $3.4
Working surface 3256.8 7.4 26633.6 60.9
Truck/auto 772.2 1.8 27405.8 62.7
Other vehicle 1402.0 3.2 28807.8 65.9
Other 14934.3 34.1 43742.1 100.0

105


Table 2-28. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for cash grain operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6916.3 23.8 6916.3 23.8
Machine maint. 6585.5 22.6 13501.8 46.4
Field work 5014.8 17.2 18516.6 63.7
Crop handling 4099.2 14.1 22615.8 77.8
Livestock handling 4975.9 17.1 27591.7 94.9
Other 1495.0 $.1 29086.7 100.0

Table 2-29. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
injury for cash grain operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 3185.2 11.0 3185.2 11.0
Machinery 5298.4 18.2 8483.6 29.2
Livestock 3205.6 11.0 11689.2 40.2
Hand tool 3907.8 13.4 15597.0 53.6
Power tool 1261.1 4.3 16858.1 58.0
Pesticide/chem. 386.8 1.3 17244.9 59.3
Plant/tree 641.7 2.2 17886.6 61.5
Working surface 3336.0 11.5 21222.6 73.0
Truck/auto 1362.5 4.7 22585.1 77.6
Other vehicle 1045.5 3.6 23630.6 81.2
Liquids 915.3 3.1 24545.9 84.4
Other 4540.8 15.6 29086.7 100.0

26


Table 3-267. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 347.7 10.1 347.7 10.1
Eye 114.6 3.3 462.3 13.4
Chest/trunk 154.5 4.5 616.8 17.8
Back 250.0 7.2 866.8 25.1
Arm/shoulder 69.3 2.0 936.1 27.1
Finger 473.4 13.7 1409.5 40.8
Hand/wrist 887.7 25.7 2297.2 66.4
Leg/knee/hip 222.2 6.4 2519.4 72.9
Toe 17.7 0.5 2537.1 73.4
Foot 631.3 18.3 3168.4 91.6
Other 289.3 8.4 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-268. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 134.6 3.9 134.6 3.9
Bruise 759.7 22.0 894.3 25.9
Crush 204.2 5.9 1098.5 31.8
Fracture 1041.0 30.1 2139.5 61.9
Puncture 114.6 3.3 2254.1 65.2
Sprain/strain 965.9 27.9 3220.0 93.1
Other 237.7 6.9 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-269. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 220.0 6.4 220.0 6.4
Caught between 517.7 15.0 737.7 21.3
Caught under 309.2 8.9 1046.9 30.3
Struck by/against 151.1 4.4 1198.0 34.6
Struck by flying 220.0 6.4 1418.0 41.0
Contact sharp ob}. 69.3 2.0 1487.3 43.0
Fall, same level 1148.1 33.2 2635.4 76.2
Overexertion 250.0 7.2 2885.4 83.4
Other 572.3 16.6 3457.7 100.0

209


Table 2-227. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 134.6 0.4 134.6 0.4
Bruise 3991.9 10.9 4126.5 11.3
Burn 398.6 1.1 4525.1 12.4
cut 4324.3 11.8 8849.4 24.2
Crush 2540.8 7.0 11390.2 31.2
Fracture 5799.0 15.9 17189.2 47.1
Poisoning 194.4 0.5 17383.6 47.6
Puncture 1171.6 3.2 18555.2 50.8
Sprain/strain 14167.7 38.8 32722.9 89.6
Mult. injury 1847.8 5.1 34570.7 94.7
Other 1939.8 5.3 36510.5 100.0

Table 2-228. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 493.7 1.4 493.7 1.4
Caught between 3788.8 10.4 4282.5 11.7
Caught under 221.2 0.6 4503.7 12.3
Struck by/against 7141.6 19.6 11645.3 31.9
Struck by falling 1135.9 3.1 12781.2 35.0
Struck by flying 708.2 1.9 13489.4 36.9
Contact sharp obj. 2511.6 6.9 16001.0 43.8
Fall, same level 3377.3 9.3 19378 .3 53.1
Fall, elevation 4738.0 13.0 24116.3 66.1
Overexertion 9350.5 25.6 33466.8 91.7
Other 3043.7 8.3 36510.5 100.0

Table 2-229. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6946.1 19.0 6946.1 19.0
Machine maint. 3898.6 10.7 10844.7 29.7
Field work 6421.9 17.6 17266.6 47.3
Crop handling 6674.0 18.3 23940.6 65.6
Livestock handling 8940.7 24.5 32881.3 90.1
Other 3629.2 9.9 36510.5 100.0

85


Table 3-224. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 1251.0 7.0 1251.0 7.0
Field crops 2138.1 12.0 3389.1 19.0
Veg, fruit, nuts 5138.5 28.8 8527.6 47.7
Beef, hogs, sheep 7386.5 41.3 15914.1 89.1
Poultry $62.5 3.1 16476.6 92.2
Dairy 834.0 4.7 17310.6 96.9
Other farms §55.2 3.1 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-225. Estimates of
workers in the West region

lost-time injuries by gender for family

of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 15950.5 89.3 15950.5 89.3
Female 1915.3 10.7 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-226. Estimates of
family workers in the West

lost-time injuries by age group for
region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2051.4 11.5 2051.4 11.5
20-29 462.9 2.6 2514.3 14.1
30-39 3970.3 22.2 6484.6 36.3
40-49 4100.3 23.0 10584.9 59.2
50-59 2975.5 16.7 13560.4 75.9
60-69 2699.4 15.1 16259.8 91.0
>=70 1606.0 9.0 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-227. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 16038.7 89.8 16038.7 89.8
Hispanic 1074.3 6.0 17113.0 95.8
Asian 752.8 4.2 17865.8 100.0

195


Table 2-212. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 48397.8 97.2 48397.8 97.2
Permanent 1397.8 2.8 49795.6 100.0

Table 2-213. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for workers 30-39 years
of age, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1397.8 2.8 1397.8 2.8
Yes 38437.0 77.2 39834.8 80.0
No 9960.8 20.0 49795.6 100.0

Table 2-214. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1829.5 3.7 1829.5 3.7
Eye 2674.3 5.4 4503.8 9.0
Chest/trunk 3286.6 6.6 7790.4 15.6
Back 6786.6 13.6 14577.0 29.3
Arm/shoulder 4672.5 9.4 19249.5 38.7
Finger 4859.0 9.8 24108.5 48.4
Hand/wrist 7886.2 15.8 31994.7 64.3
Leg/knee/hip 8008.0 16.1 40002.7 80.3
Toe 58.7 0.1 40061.4 80.5
Foot 6748.3 13.6 46809.7 94.0
Mult. parts 1459.0 2.9 48268.7 96.9
Other 1526.9 3.1 49795.6 100.0

80


The covariance term for the State estimate accounts for the
stratification of the sampled farms, while the covariance term for
the regional rates includes the first-stage and second-stage
components of the covariance term. For the national estimates,
only the first-stage covariance term is assessed with the second-
stage component assumed to be negligible.

Categorical Frequency Estimates:

The frequency estimates for the categorical variables on the TISF
survey are based on all farms that reported only one injury,
excluding farms with more than one injury. This is done to avoid
bias during the construction of frequency distributions of
categorical variables. Because the TISF survey only has detailed
information for the most recent injury event, including farms that
reported more than one injury would bias the distributions by
causing the distribution of injuries by month to be artificially
skewed towards the later months of the calendar year.

Furthermore, if different types of injuries are associated with
the time of the year, then including injury descriptions for farms
with more than one injury could bias other categorical variables.

The frequency estimates for farms with only one injury are
adjusted for each stratum within a specific State to provide
frequency results that sum to the estimated total injuries within
each State. Because the regional and national estimates are
derived from the State estimates, no further adjustments are
required beyond the State level. The adjustment is a simple
proportional increase of the sampling weight to make all farms
with one reported injury account for the additional injuries not
included for farms with more than one injury. For example, if the
total estimated number of injuries for stratum A was 100 injuries,
but the estimated number accounted for by farms reporting only one
injury event was 85 for that stratum, then the sampling weight for
the farms reporting only one injury event in stratum A would be
increased by a factor of 1.18 (e.g. 100 divided by 85). This
adjusted sampling weight is used to construct the categorical
frequency tables.

Frequency tables for States, regions, and the nation are presented
at differing levels of detail because of differing levels of data
available at the three levels. National frequency tables provide
the highest level of detail and cross classification of
information, while the State data are only provided at the
univariate level. The regional tables provide much of the same
detail as the national tables, except for age-specific data, and
the use of broad farming groups (crops and livestock) rather than
the specific farm types presented in the national tables.

HIGHLIGHT OF RESULTS

A total of 12,990 of the sampled 25,200 farm operations responded
to the mail survey for a response rate of 51.5 percent. The
response rates by geographic region were essentially the same,
ranging from a high of 53 percent in the South region to a low of

8


Table 3-243. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2253.3 $.5 2253.3 5.5
Eye 6620.1 16.0 8873.4 21.5
Chest/trunk 4383.2 10.6 13256.6 32.1
Back 11724.8 28.4 24981.4 60.5
Arm/shoulder 3686.6 8.9 28668.0 69.4
Pinger 4242.1 10.3 32910.1 79.7
Hand/wrist 2524.9 6.1 35435.0 85.8
Leg/knee/hip 2468.8 6.0 37903.8 91.8
Foot 954.4 2.3 38858.2 94.1
Mult. parts 346.6 0.8 39204.8 94.9
Other 2103.0 5.1 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-244. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise $790.5 14.0 5790.5 14.0
Burn 1034.5 2.5 6825.0 16.5
cut 6600.3 16.0 13425.3 32.5
Crush 1685.0 4.1 15110.3 36.6
Fracture 1767.6 4.3 16877.9 40.9
Puncture 1402.1 3.4 18280.0 44.3
Sprain/strain 18386.7 44.5 36666.7 88.8
Mult. injury 148.4 0.4 36815.1 89.1
Other 4492.7 10.9 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-245. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 809.8 2.0 809.8 2.0
Caught between 2081.6 5.0 2891.4 7.0
Caught under 1232.7 3.0 4124.1 10.0
Struck by/against 4525.4 11.0 8649.5 20.9
Struck by falling 1457.0 3.5 10106.5 24.5
Struck by flying 1171.8 2.8 11278.3 27.3
Contact sharp obj. 4589.1 11.1 15867.4 38.4
Fall, same level 3268.1 7.9 19135.5 46.3
Fall, elevation 1630.2 3.9 20765.7 50.3
Overexertion 13272.0 32.1 34037.7 82.4
Other 7270.1 17.6 41307.8 100.0

201


Table 2-108.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for other farming operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 1161.9 19.9 1161.9 19.9
South 1789.7 30.7 2951.6 50.6
Midwest 640.0 11.0 3591.6 61.6
West 2239.0 38.4 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-109. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for other farming operations, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 2173.1 37.3 2173.1 37.3
Partner/family 320.0 5.5 2493.1 42.8
Hired labor 3293.2 56.5 5786.3 99.2
Other 44.3 0.8 5830.6 100.0
Table 2-110. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for other farming operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 4620.9 79.3 4620.9 79.3
Female 1209.7 20.7 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-111. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for other farming operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 978.4 16.8 978.4 16.8
30-39 2554.7 43.8 3533.1 60.6
40-49 524.5 9.0 4057.6 69.6
50-59 1080.6 18.5 5138.2 88.1
60-69 65.1 1.1 $203.3 89.2
>=70 627.3 10.8 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-112. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or

ethnic origin for other farming operations, 1993.
Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 3495.7 60.0 3495.7 60.0
Hispanic 2034.9 34.9 5530.6 94.9
Black 300.0 $.1 5830.6 100.0

50


Table 4-153. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 132.9 3.1 132.9 3.1
Eye 132.9 3.1 265.8 6.2
Chest/trunk 442.0 10.4 707.8 16.6
Back 345.8 8.1 1053.6 24.7
Arm/shoulder 309.1 7.3 1362.7 32.0
Finger 465.8 10.9 1828.5 42.9
Hand/wrist 493.6 11.6 2322.1 54.5
Leg/knee/hip 731.6 17.2 3053.7 71.7
Toe 132.9 3.1 3186.6 74.8
Foot 673.5 15.8 3860.1 90.6
Mult. parts 398.7 9.4 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-154. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 132.9 3.1 132.9 3.1
Bruise $27.3 12.4 660.2 15.5
Burn 132.9 3.1 793.1 18.6
cut 440.8 10.4 1233.9 29.0
Crush 464.8 10.9 1698.7 39.9
Fracture 1615.6 37.9 3314.3 77.8
Sprain/strain 345.8 8.1 3660.1 85.9
Mult. injury 398.7 9.4 4058.8 95.3
Other 200.0 4.7 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-155. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 132.9 3.1 132.9 3.1
Caught between 385.7 9.1 518.6 12.2
Caught under 265.8 6.2 784.4 18.4
Struck by/against 1372.3 32.2 2156.7 50.6
Struck by falling 128.6 3.0 2285.3 53.7
Contact sharp obj. 175.0 4.1 2460.3 57.8
Fall, same level 840.7 19.7 3301.0 77.5
Fall, elevation 612.0 14.4 3913.0 91.9
Other 345.8 8.1 4258.8 100.0

324


Table 3-140. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for livestock operations in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 9338.2 51.3 9338.2 51.3
Hired 8627.3 47.4 17965.5 98.6
Other 252.7 1.4 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-141. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
livestock operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 16545.0 90.8 16545.0 90.8
Female 1673.2 9.2 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-142. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
livestock operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 599.0 3.3 599.0 3.3
20-29 4876.5 26.8 5475.5 30.1
30-39 3923.2 21.5 9398.7 51.6
40-49 3732.0 20.5 13130.7 72.1
50-59 2202.8 12.1 15333.5 84.2
60-69 1278.7 7.0 16612.2 91.2
>=70 1606.0 8.8 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-143. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for livestock operations in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 10577.7 $8.1 10577.7 $8.1
Hispanic 6592.8 36.2 17170.5 94.2
Asian 562.5 3.1 17733.0 97.3
Other 485.2 2.7 18218.2 100.0

167


Table 4-33. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 167.9 6.8 167.9 6.8
Eye 46.3 1.9 214.2 8.6
Chest/trunk 167.9 6.8 382.1 15.4
Back 213.0 8.6 $95.1 24.0
Arm/shoulder 294.0 11.9 889.1 35.9
Finger 60.8 2.5 949.9 38.3
Hand/wrist 429.7 17.3 1379.6 55.7
Leg/knee/hip $02.5 20.3 1882.1 76.0
Toe 60.8 2.5 1942.9 78.4
Foot 60.8 2.5 2003.7 80.9
Mult. parts 244.0 9.8 2247.7 90.7
Other 229.5 9.3 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-34. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 76.1 3.1 76.1 3.1
Bruise 198.5 8.0 274.6 11.1
cut 107.1 4.3 381.7 15.4
Crush 277.5 11.2 659.2 26.6
Fracture 488.0 19.7 1147.2 46.3
Poisoning 46.3 1.9 1193.5 48.2
Puncture 136.9 5.5 1330.4 53.7
Sprain/strain 552.5 22.3 1882.9 76.0
Mult. injury 197.7 8.0 2080.6 84.0
Other 396.6 16.0 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-35. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Colorado, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Freguency Percent
Caught in 323.0 13.0 323.0 13.0
Caught between 136.9 5.5 459.9 18.6
Caught under 136.9 5.5 596.8 24.1
Struck by/against 624.9 25.2 1221.7 49.3
Struck by falling 136.9 5.5 1358.6 54.8
Struck by flying 244.0 9.8 1602.6 64.7
Contact sharp obj. 60.8 2.5 1663.4 67.1
Fall, same level 76.1 3.1 1739.5 70.2
Fall, elevation 308.5 12.5 2048.0 82.7
Overexertion 122.4 4.9 2170.4 87.6
Other 306.8 12.4 2477.2 100.0

284


Table 2-246.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 19593.4 93.3 19593.4 93.3
Permanent 711.9 3.4 20305.3 96.7
Fatality 703.5 3.3 21008.8 100.0
Table 2-247. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for workers 60-69 years
of age, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1415.4 6.7 1415.4 6.7
Yes 16564.0 78.8 17979.4 85.6
No 3029.4 14.4 21008.8 100.0
Table 2-248. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1997.7 9.5 1997.7 9.5
Eye 766.6 3.6 2764.3 13.2
Chest/trunk 2709.3 12.9 5473.6 26.1
Back 2538.4 12.1 8012.0 38.1
Arm/shoulder 2276.6 10.8 10288.6 49.0
Finger 1780.2 8.5 12068.8 57.4
Hand/wrist 2838.7 13.5 14907.5 71.0
Leg/knee/hip 2323.3 11.1 17230.8 82.0
Toe 151.9 0.7 17382.7 82.7
Foot 1134.9 5.4 18517.6 88.1
Mult. parts 2024.1 9.6 20541.7 97.8
Other 467.1 2.2 21008.8 100.0

92


Table 4-57. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 213.1 1.9 213.1 1.9
Eye 573.2 5.1 786.3 7.21
Chest/trunk 573.2 S.1 1359.4 12.2
Back 1619.0 14.5 2978.5 26.7
Arm/shoulder 786.3 7.1 3764.7 33.8
Finger 852.2 7.7 4617.0 41.5
Hand/wrist 2047.7 18.4 6664.7 59.8
Leg/knee/hip 2145.7 19.3 8810.4 79.1
Foot 1327.4 11.9 10137.8 91.0
Mult. parts 999.3 9.0 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-58. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 999.3 9.0 999.3 9.0
cut 1359.4 12.2 2358.8 21.2
Crush 720.3 6.5 3079.0 27.6
Fracture 2358.8 21.2 5437.8 48.8
Puncture 1180.3 10.6 6618.1 59.4
Sprain/strain 2978.5 26.7 9596.6 86.2
Mult. injury 1180.3 10.6 10777.0 96.8
Other 360.1 3.2 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-59. Estimates of lost-time injuries by the type of injury
event for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 426.1 3.8 426.1 3.8
Caught between 1146.4 10.3 1572.5 14.1
Caught under 639.2 5.7 2211.7 19.9
Struck by/against 2047.7 18.4 4259.4 38.2
Struck by falling 426.1 3.8 4685.5 42.1
Sruck by flying 213.1 1.9 4898.5 44.0
Contact sharp obj. 1327.4 11.9 6226.0 55.9
Fall, same level 685.7 6.2 6911.7 62.1
Fall, elevation 2505.8 22.5 9417.5 84.6
Overexertion 1146.4 10.3 10563.9 94.9
Other 573.2 5.1 11137.1 100.0

292


Table 3-183. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for family workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1296.2 4.7 1296.2 4.7
Eye 277.5 1.0 1573.7 5.7
Chest /trunk 4024.4 14.6 5598.1 20.2
Back 2053.3 7.4 7651.4 27.7
Arm/shoulder 2203.5 8.0 9854.9 35.6
Finger 1876.8 6.8 11731.7 42.4
Hand/wrist 3073.2 11.1 14804.9 53.5
Leg/knee/hip 6924.8 25.0 21729.7 78.6
Toe 398.6 1.4 22128.3 80.0
Foot 3235.4 11.7 25363.7 91.7
Mult. parts 2167.5 7.8 27531.2 99.5
Other 124.8 0.5 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-184. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for family workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 398.6 1.4 398.6 1.4
Bruise 3401.1 12.3 3799.7 13.7
Burn 398.6 1.4 4198.3 15.2
cut 4665.5 16.9 8863.8 32.1
Crush 2718.6 9.8 11582.4 41.9
Fracture 9058.7 32.8 20641.1 74.6
Sprain/strain 3101.9 11.2 23743.0 85.9
Mult. injury 2671.2 9.7 26414.2 95.5
Other 1241.8 4.5 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-185. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
family workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 956.2 3.5 956.2 3.5
Caught between 666.6 2.4 1622.8 5.9
Caught under 950.6 3.4 2573.4 9.3
Struck by/against 8832.9 31.9 11406.3 41.2
Struck by falling 2627.1 9.5 14033.4 50.7
Struck by flying 905.3 3.3 14938.7 54.0
Contact sharp obj. 2775.1 10.0 17713.8 64.1
Fall, same level 4508.3 16.3 22222.1 80.4
Fall, elevation 3592.1 13.0 25814.2 93.3
Overexertion 527.1 1.9 26341.3 95.2
Other 1314.7 4.8 27656.0 100.0

181


Table 3-390. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for black and other race workers in the South region of the U.S.,

1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 800.0 39.2 800.0 39.2
cut 523.4 25.6 1323.4 64.8
Puncture 300.0 14.7 1623.4 79.5
Sprain/strain 419.5 20.5 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-391. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
black and other race workers in the South region of the U.S.,

1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 385.7 18.9 385.7 18.9
Struck by/against $52.0 27.0 937.7 45.9
Struck by falling 385.7 18.9 1323.4 64.8
Contact sharp obj. 300.0 14.7 1623.4 79.5
Fall, same level 266.1 13.0 1889.5 92.5
Overexertion 153.4 7.5 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-392. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for black and other race workers in the South

region of the U.S., 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 685.7 33.6 685.7 33.6
Machine maint. 390.9 19.1 1076.6 52.7
Crop handling 567.7 27.8 1644.3 80.5
Other 398.6 19.5 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-393. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for black and other race workers in the South region of the

U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 385.7 18.9 385.7 18.9
Machinery 453.4 22.2 839.1 41.1
Hand tool 390.9 19.1 1230.0 60.2
Plant/tree 398.6 19.5 1628.6 79.7
Working surface 260.9 12.8 1889.5 92.5
Truck/auto 153.4 7.5 2042.9 100.0

251


Table 3-414. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 789.4 40.0 789.4 40.0
cut 622.9 31.6 1412.3 71.6
Crush 222.3 11.3 1634.6 82.9
Sprain/strain 337.8 17.1 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-415. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
Hispanic workers in the Midwest of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 611.9 31.0 611.9 31.0
Caught under 279.1 14.2 891.0 45.2
Struck by/against 130.0 6.6 1021.0 51.8
Contact sharp obj. 492.9 25.0 1513.9 76.8
Fall, elevation 179.4 9.1 1693.3 85.8
Overexertion 279.1 14.2 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-416. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 222.3 11.3 222.3 11.3
Field work 510.3 25.9 732.6 37.1
Crop handling 492.9 25.0 1225.5 62.1
Livestock handling 746.9 37.9 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-417. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 389.6 19.8 389.6 19.8
Livestock 409.1 20.7 798.7 40.5
Hand tool 492.9 25.0 1291.6 65.5
Plant/tree 120.7 6.1 1412.3 71.6
Working surface $8.7 3.0 1471.0 74.6
Other 501.4 25.4 1972.4 100.0

258


Table 3-138. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for crop operations in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6334.3 15.3 6334.3 15.3
Machine maint. 7428.9 17.9 13763.2 33.2
Field work 13871.1 33.4 27634.3 66.6
Crop handling 2296.6 5.5 29930.9 72.1
Livestock handling 1240.0 3.0 31170.9 75.1
Other 10317.0 24.9 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-139. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 80.4 0.2 80.4 0.2
Machinery 6851.6 16.5 6932.0 16.7
Livestock 609.4 1.5 7541.4 18.2
Hand tool 6241.4 15.0 13782.8 33.2
Power tool 2267.1 5.5 16049.9 38.7
Pesticide/chem. 230.3 0.6 16280.2 39.2
Plant/tree 3864.0 9.3 20144.2 48.6
Working surface 2842.6 6.9 22986.8 55.4
Truck/auto 818.4 2.0 23805.2 57.4
Other vehicle 1034.3 2.5 24839.5 59.9
Liquids 586.0 1.4 25425.5 61.3
Other 16062.4 38.7 41487.9 100.0

166


Table 3-341. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for white workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 705.7 5.3 705.7 5.3
Eye 1002.4 7.5 1708.1 12.7
Chest/trunk 666.0 5.0 2374.1 17.7
Back 840.4 6.3 3214.5 24.0
Arm/shoulder 957.3 7.1 4171.8 31.1
Finger 2842.7 21.2 7014.5 52.3
Hand/wrist 3272.6 24.4 10287.1 76.8
Leg/knee/hip 1379.9 10.3 11667.0 87.1
Foot 1197.1 8.9 12864.1 96.0
Mult. parts 178.5 1.3 13042.6 97.3
Other 358.6 2.7 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-242. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for white workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 203.9 1.5 203.9 1.5
Bruise 2165.2 16.2 2369.1 17.7
cut 2869.5 21.4 $238.6 39.1
Crush 489.1 3.6 5727.7 42.7
Fracture 2432.3 18.1 8160.0 60.9
Puncture 389.7 2.9 8549.7 63.8
Sprain/strain 3735.1 27.9 12284.8 91.7
Mult. injury 113.6 0.8 12398.4 92.5
Other 1002.8 7.5 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-243. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
white workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 525.6 3.9 $25.6 3.9
Caught between 1815.1 13.5 2340.7 17.5
Caught under 309.2 2.3 2649.9 19.8
Struck by/against 1204.5 9.0 3854.4 28.8
Struck by falling 620.3 4.6 4474.7 33.4
Struck by flying 838.4 6.3 $313.1 39.6
Contact sharp obj. 2428.2 18.1 7741.3 57.8
Fall, same level 1781.0 13.3 9522.3 71.1
Fall, elevation 1084.5 8.1 10606.8 79.1
Overexertion 1486.0 11.1 12092.8 90.2
Other 1308.4 9.8 13401.2 100.0

237


Table 4-141. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 321.0 8.7 321.0 8.7
Eye 29.4 0.8 350.4 9.5
Chest/trunk 262.2 7.1 612.6 16.7
Back 659.6 17.9 1272.2 34.6
Arm/shoulder 617.6 16.8 1889.8 51.4
Finger 914.2 24.9 2804.0 76.2
Hand/wrist 291.6 7.9 3095.6 84.1
Leg/knee/hip 291.6 7.9 3387.2 92.1
Toe 116.8 3.2 3504.0 95.2
Foot 87.4 2.4 3591.4 97.6
Mult. parts 87.4 2.4 3678.8 100.0

Table 4-142. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 87.4 2.4 87.4 2.4
Bruise 87.4 2.4 174.8 4.8
Burn 29.4 0.8 204.2 5.6
cut 1205.8 32.8 1410.0 38.3
Crush 87.4 2.4 1497.4 40.7
Fracture 718.4 19.5 2215.8 60.2
Puncture 87.4 2.4 2303.2 62.6
Sprain/strain 700.0 19.0 3003.2 81.6
Mult. injury 174.8 4.8 3178.0 86.4
Other 500.8 13.6 3678.8 100.0

Table 4-143. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 174.8 4.8 174.8 4.8
Caught between 204.2 5.6 379.0 10.3
Caught under 87.4 2.4 466.4 12.7
Struck by/against 792.4 21.5 1258.8 34.2
Struck by falling 29.4 0.8 1288.2 35.0
Contact sharp obj. 826.8 22.5 2115.0 57.5
Fall, same level 233.6 6.3 2348.6 63.8
Fall, elevation 188.2 §.1 2536.8 69.0
Overexertion 262.2 7.1 2799.0 76.1
Other 879.8 23.9 3678.8 100.0

320


Table 2-181. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body

part injured for female workers, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2046.3 10.5 2046.3 10.5
Eye 229.1 1.2 2275.4 11.7
Chest/trunk 154.5 0.8 2429.9 12.5
Back 2184.2 11.2 4614.1 23.7
Arm/shoulder 2154.6 11.1 6768.7 34.7
Finger 1582.5 8.1 8351.2 42.9
Hand/wrist 3507.1 18.0 11858 .3 60.9
Leg/knee/hip 3703.6 19.0 15561.9 79.9
Toe 17.7 0.1 15579.6 80.0
Foot 2061.1 10.6 17640.7 90.6
Mult. parts 1549.4 8.0 19190.1 98.5
Other 289.3 1.5 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-182. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for female workers, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 134.6 0.7 134.6 0.7
Bruise 2868.2 14,7 3002.8 15.4
Burn 398.6 2.0 3401.4 17.5
Cut 3613.7 18.6 7015.1 36.0
Crush 789.4 4.1 7804.5 40.1
Fracture 4234.3 21.7 12038.8 61.8
Poisoning 227.7 1.2 12266.5 63.0
Puncture 114.6 0.6 12381.1 63.6
Sprain/strain 4255.5 21.8 16636.6 85.4
Mult. injury 1747.8 9.0 18384.4 94.4
Other 1095.0 5.6 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-183. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for female workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 220.0 1.1 220.0 1.1
Caught between 2279.1 11.7 2499.1 12.8
Caught under 1471.2 7.6 3970.3 20.4
Struck by/against 4516.2 23.2 8486.5 43.6
Struck by falling 1144.8 5.9 9631.3 49.4
Struck by flying 220.0 1.1 9851.3 50.6
Contact sharp obj. 2205.8 11.3 12057.1 61.9
Fall, same level 4085.1 21.0 16142.2 82.9
Fall, elevation 530.0 2.7 16672.2 85.6
Overexertion 930.2 4.8 17602.4 90.4
Other 1877.0 9.6 19479.4 100.0

71


Table 3-339. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 364.5 12.0 364.5 12.0
Eye 114.5 3.8 479.0 15.8
Back 46.3 1.5 525.3 17.3
Arm/shoulder 576.1 19.0 1101.4 36.3
Hand/wrist 608.8 20.1 1710.2 56.4
Leg/knee/hip 571.0 18.8 2281.2 75.2
Foot 367.2 12.1 2648.4 87.3
Mult. parts 384.7 12.7 3033.1 100.0

Table 3-340. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 1055.1 34.8 1055.1 34.8
cut 267.2 8.8 1322.3 43.6
Fracture 875.2 28.9 2197.5 72.5
Poisoning 194.4 6.4 2391.9 78.9
Sprain/strain 299.0 9.9 2690.9 88.7
Mult. injury 190.3 6.3 2881.2 95.0
Other 151.9 5.0 3033.1 100.0

Table 3-341. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught under 151.9 5.0 151.9 5.0
Struck by/against 440.3 14.5 $92.2 19.5
Struck by falling 842.5 27.8 1434.7 47.3
Contact sharp obj. 461.6 15.2 1896.3 62.5
Fall, same level 1090.5 36.0 2986.8 98.5
Other 46.3 1.5 3033.1 100.0

Table 3-342. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for female workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 267.2 8.8 267.2 8.8
Field work 1482.1 48.9 1749.3 57.7
Livestock handling 1283.8 42.3 3033.1 100.0

233


Table 3-282. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for male workers in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 8060.0 20.4 8060.0 20.4
Machine maint. 4016.4 10.1 12076.4 30.5
Field work 777424 19.6 19850.8 50.1
Crop handling 6413.9 16.2 26264.7 66.3
Livestock handling 12509.2 31.6 38773.9 97.9
Other 816.4 2.1 39590.3 100.0

Table 3-283. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 4394.7 11.1 4394.7 11.1
Machinery 7285.9 18.4 11680.6 29.5
Livestock 8503.9 21.5 20184.5 51.0
Hand tool 2937.4 4 23121.9 58.4
Power tool 805.9 2.0 23927.8 60.4
Pesticide/chem. 487.5 1.2 24415.3 61.7
Plant/tree 1716.0 4.3 26131.3 66.0
Working surface 3813.6 9.6 29944.9 75.6
Truck/auto 1331.6 3.4 31276.5 79.0
Other vehicle 1071.6 2.7 32348.1 81.7
Other 7242.2 18.3 39590.3 100.0

214


Table 2-47. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 10171.8 31.2 10171.8 31.2
Hispanic 22075.6 67.7 32247.4 98.8
Black 266.1 0.8 32513.5 99.6
Other 114.5 0.4 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-48. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1521.9 4.7 1521.9 4.7
February 1142.1 3.5 2664.0 8.2
March 682.6 2.1 3346.6 10.3
April 411.7 1.3 3758.3 11.5
May 1134.9 3.5 4893.2 15.0
June 3684.9 11.3 8578.1 26.3
July 5500.1 16.9 14078.2 43.1
August 6299.1 19.3 20377.3 62.5
September 2235.8 6.9 22613.1 69.3
October 4952.1 15.2 27565 .2 84.5
November 2329.8 7.1 29895.0 91.6
December 2733.0 8.4 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-49. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 31621.8 96.9 31621.8 96.9
Permanent 1006.2 3.1 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-50. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for vegetable, fruit, or
nut operations, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1006.2 3.1 1006.2 3.1
Yes 27344.9 83.8 28351.1 86.9
No 4276.9 13.1 32628.0 100.0

32


Table 3-17

1. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 310.2 8.8 310.2 8.8
Eye 56.0 1.6 366.2 10.4
Chest/trunk 220.0 6.2 586.2 16.6
Arm/shoulder 138.6 3.9 724.8 20.6
Finger 171.4 4.9 896.2 25.4
Hand/wrist 1824.3 $1.8 2720.5 77.3
Leg/knee/hip 187.2 5.3 2907.7 82.6
Foot 613.8 17.4 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-172. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 221.2 6.3 221.2 6.3
cut 1061.9 30.2 1283.1 36.4
Crush 102.1 2.9 1385.2 39.3
Fracture 1063.7 30.2 2448.9 69.5
Puncture 86.8 2.5 2535.7 72.0
Sprain/strain 985.8 28.0 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-173. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 376.1 10.7 376.1 10.7
Caught between 322.1 9.1 698.2 19.8
Caught under 69.3 2.0 767.5 21.8
Struck by/against 263.9 7.5 1031.4 29.3
Struck by falling 64.9 1.8 1096.3 31.1
Struck by flying 19.9 0.6 1116.2 31.7
Contact sharp obj. 1023.4 29.1 2139.6 60.8
Fall, same level 854.9 24.3 2994.5 85.0
Overexertion 289.3 8.2 3283.8 93.3
Other 237.7 6.7 3521.5 100.0

177


Table 3-288. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for female
workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
March 148.8 3.4 148.8 3.4
April 600.0 13.8 748.8 17.2
May 277.5 6.4 1026.3 23.5
June 797.2 18.3 1823.5 41.8
July 237.0 5.4 2060.5 47.3
August $47.4 12.6 2607.9 59.8
September 555.0 12.7 3162.9 72.6
October 252.3 5.8 3415.2 78.3
November 486.8 11.2 3902.0 89.5
December 457.1 10.5 4359.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-289. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 4507.9 100.0 4507.9 100.0

Table 3-290. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for female workers in
the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 3872.3 85.9 3872.3 85.9
No 635.6 14.1 4507.9 100.0

Table 3-291. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 365.7 8.1 365.7 8.1
Back 824.9 18.3 1190.6 26.4
Arm/shoulder 88.2 2.0 1278.8 28.4
Finger 457.1 10.1 1735.9 38.5
Hand/wrist 973.7 21.6 2709.6 60.1
Leg/knee/hip 852.3 18.9 3561.9 79.0
Foot 398.6 8.8 3960.5 87.9
Mult. parts 547.4 12.1 4507.9 100.0

216


Table 2-87.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by month for

poultry operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

January 285.0 13.7 285.0 13.7

February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

March 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

April 80.0 3.8 365.0 17.5

May 27.8 1.3 392.8 18.9

June 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

July 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

August 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

September 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

October 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

November 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

December 1689.3 81.1 2082.1 100.0
Table 2-88. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for poultry operations, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative

of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Temporary 2082.1 100.0 2082.1 100.0
Table 2-89. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for poultry operations,
1993. .

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 1616.4 77.6 1616.4 717.6
No 465.7 22.4 2082.1 100.0
Table 2-90. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured for poultry operations, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 285.0 13.7 285.0 13.7
Back 27.8 1.3 312.8 15.0
Finger 618.3 29.7 931.1 44.7
Hand/wrist 562.5 27.0 1493.6 71.7
Leg/knee/hip 122.8 5.9 1616.4 77.6
Foot 465.7 22.4 2082.1 100.0

44


ett

Table 2-301. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury and the type of
injury event (Continued).

Type of Event

|Contact |Fall, |Fall, |Overexer- | |
Source of Injury |sharp obj.|same level|elevation |tion |Other | Total
----------------- tencen---- fannnnnnnnnt
Tractor | 80.357 | 524.46 | 10939
oo--------------- Si ealetaietetenetated focrrcn enna t
Machinery | 3201.6 | 2013.1 | 34442
woo -------------- $---------- 4$----------+
Livestock | 186.59 | $107.1 | 36207
sorts ce rece cee nn- pce nae nanH poeeeen nent
Hand tool I 11388 | 0 | 22896
wore e ne --------- toennnennn- feeccn nnn nat
Power tool | 3082.7 | 2152.6 | 7404
-o--------------- t---------- 4+----------+
Pesticide/chem. | 0 | 1116.5 | 1454
eon nnn nn --------- tanennnn-H- tanner nn nnHt
Plant/tree | 482.25 | 263.34 | 8649
oo--------------- t---------- $o-------- H+
Working surface | 547.92 i] 721.34 | 17057
e2--------------- tanen------ fanaa n nH --+
Truck/auto | 0 | 737.3 | 6141
Satelite tated teecccccnn- peecccnnnnnt
Other vehicle | 0 | 750.94 | 4842
con nnn----------- +---------- tannin enna nt
Liquids | 0 | 792.78 | 1228
won -------------- +—---------- toon ---- H+
Other | 3643.2 | 6315.7 | 49292

Total 22612.1 23994.3 18375 26157.7 20495.2 200550

{Frequency Missing = 584)


Table 2-105.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for dairy operations, 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 896.8 2.5 896.8 2.5
Caught between 5393.2 14.8 6290.0 17.2
Caught under 3004.2 8.2 9294.2 25.4
Struck by/against 8453.7 23.1 17747.9 48.6
Struck by falling 1746.6 4.8 19494.5 53.4
Struck by flying 985.2 2.7 20479.7 56.0
Contact sharp obj. 5208.9 14.3 25688.6 70.3
Fall, same level 3458.2 9.5 29146.8 79.8
Fall, elevation 3363.8 9.2 32510.6 89.0
Overexertion 1821.4 5.0 34332.0 94.0
Other 2206.5 6.0 36538.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-106. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity

when injured for dairy operations, 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1892.1 5.2 1892.1 $.2
Machine maint. 4177.5 11.4 6069.6 16.6
Field work 3528.8 9.7 9598.4 26.3
Crop handling 9375.2 25.7 18973.6 51.9
Livestock handling 13187.2 36.1 32160.8 88.0
Other 4377.7 12.0 36538.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-107. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source

of injury for dairy operations, 1993.
Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2318.6 6.3 2318.6 6.3
Machinery 7404.3 20.3 9722.9 26.6
Livestock 9024.1 24.7 18747.0 51.3
Hand tool 4498.3 12.3 23245.3 63.6
Power tool 509.3 1.4 23754.6 65.0
Plant/tree 1021.0 2.8 24775.6 67.8
Working surface 2643.8 7.2 27419.4 75.0
Truck/auto 1203.6 3.3 28623.0 78.3
Other vehicle 1216.7 3.3 29839.7 81.7
Liquids 148.4 0.4 29988.1 82.1
Other 6550.4 17.9 36538.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

49


Table 3-240. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for hired
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2267.9 5.5 2267.9 5.5
February 267.2 0.6 2535.1 6.1
March 2117.6 5.1 4652.7 11.3
April 1426.9 3.5 6079.6 14.7
May 3876.0 9.4 9955.6 24.1
June 6632.3 16.1 16587.9 40.2
duly 6567.6 15.9 23155.5 56.1
August 7241.7 17.5 30397.2 73.6
September 3010.8 7.3 33408.0 80.9
October 3064.2 7.4 36472.2 88.3
November 4122.8 10.0 40595.0 98.3
December 692.0 1. 41287.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 3-241. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 40171.2 97.2 40171.2 97.2
Permanent 1136.6 2.8 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-242. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for hired workers in the
West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1136.6 2.8 1136.6 2.8
Yes 33961.2 82.2 35097.8 85.0
No 6210.0 15.0 41307.8 100.0

200


Table 3-40. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1996.3 2.4 1996.3 2.4
Caught between 8995.8 10.9 10992.1 13.4
Caught under 5028.1 6.1 16020.2 19.5
Struck by/against 17907.5 21.7 33927.7 41.2
Struck by falling 3729.9 4.5 37657.6 45.7
Struck by flying 2280.4 2.8 39938.0 48.5
Contact sharp obj. 8711.0 10.6 48649.0 59.1
Fall, same level 11117.6 13.5 59766.6 72.6
Fall, elevation 9123.5 11.1 68890.1 83.7
Overexertion 6478.5 7.9 75368.6 91.5
Other 6965.4 8.5 82334.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-41. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 13479.7 16.4 13479.7 16.4
Machine maint. 12020.9 14.6 25500.6 31.0
Field work 11399.4 13.8 36900.0 44.8
Crop handling 15208.1 18.5 52108.1 63.3
Livestock handling 25244.1 30.7 77352.2 93.9
Other 4981.8 6.1 82334.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-42. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 5495.4 6.7 $495.4 6.7
Machinery 15880.7 19.3 21376.1 26.0
Livestock 15879.3 19.3 37255.4 45.2
Hand tool 10063.4 12.2 47318.8 57.5
Power tool 2646.4 3.2 49965.2 60.7
Pesticide/chem. 337.6 0.4 50302.8 61.1
Plant/tree 1395.6 1.7 51698.4 62.8
Working surface 7426.4 9.0 59124.8 71.8
Truck/auto 3321.6 4.0 62446.4 75.8
Other vehicle 2666.2 3.2 65112.6 79.1
Liquids 493.3 0.6 65605.9 79.7
Other 16728.1 20.3 82334.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

134


Table 4-105. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Missouri, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 484.9 10.6 484.9 10.6
Chest/trunk 135.5 3.0 620.4 13.6
Back 968.5 21.3 1588.9 34.9
Arm/shoulder 418.5 9.2 2007.4 44.1
Finger 745.4 16.4 2752.8 60.4
Hand/wrist 566.4 12.4 3319.2 72.9
Leg/knee/hip 414.5 9.1 3733.7 82.0
Foot 410.5 9.0 4144.2 91.0
Mult. parts 275.0 6.0 4419.2 97.0
Other 135.5 3.0 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-106. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Missouri, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 414.5 9.1 414.5 9.1
cut 1090.8 23.9 1505.3 33.0
Crush 139.5 3.1 1644.8 36.1
Fracture 426.9 9.4 2071.7 45.5
Puncture 418.5 9.2 2490.2 54.7
Sprain/strain 1654.0 36.3 4144.2 91.0
Mult. injury 135.5 3.0 4279.7 94.0
Other 275.0 6.0 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-107. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Missouri, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 135.5 3.0 135.5 3.0
Caught between 287.4 6.3 422.9 9.3
Caught under 139.5 3.1 $62.4 12.3
Struck by/against 620.4 13.6 1182.8 26.0
Struck by falling 139.5 3.1 1322.3 29.0
Struck by flying 205.9 4.5 1528.2 33.6
Contact sharp obj. 683.0 15.0 2211.2 48.5
Fall, same level 960.5 21.1 3171.7 69.6
Fall, elevation 554.0 12.2 3725.7 81.8
Overexertion 554.0 12.2 4279.7 94.0
Other 275.0 6.0 4554.7 100.0

308


Table 2-91. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of
the injury for poultry operations, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 385.7 18.5 385.7 18.5
cut 285.0 13.7 670.7 32.2
Crush 333.3 16.0 1004.0 48.2
Fracture 685.3 32.9 1689.3 81.1
Sprain/strain 107.8 5.2 1797.1 86.3
Other 285.0 13.7 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-92. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for poultry operations, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 333.3 16.0 333.3 16.0
Struck by falling 465.7 22.4 799.0 38.4
Contact sharp obj. 285.0 13.7 1084.0 52.1
Fall, same level 562.5 27.0 1646.5 79.1
Fall, elevation 285.0 13.7 1931.5 92.8
Overexertion 27.8 1.3 1959.3 94.1
Other 122.8 5.9 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-93. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity

when injured for poultry operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 750.7 36.1 750.7 36.1
Machine maint. 333.3 16.0 1084.0 52.1
Field work 562.5 27.0 1646.5 79.1
Crop handling 285.0 13.7 1931.5 92.8
Livestock handling 122.8 5.9 2054.3 98.7
Other 27.8 1.3 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-94. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
injury for poultry operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 670.7 32.2 670.7 32.2
Machinery 333.3 16.0 1004.0 48.2
Livestock 122.8 5.9 1126.8 54.1
Hand tool 285.0 13.7 1411.8 67.8
Plant/tree 562.5 27.0 1974.3 94.8
Other 107.8 5.2 2082.1 100.0

45


Table 3-272. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for male

workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 2485.2 6.3 2485.2 6.3
Field crops 6936.4 17.5 9421.6 23.8
Veg, fruit, nuts 4906.4 12.4 14328.0 36.2
Nursery 1775.2 4.5 16103.2 40.7
Beef, hogs, sheep 17034.4 43.0 33137.6 83.7
Poultry 955.7 2.4 34093.3 86.1
Dairy 3883.7 9.8 37977.0 95.9
Other farms 1613.3 4.1 39590.3 100.0

Table 3-273. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for male workers in the South region of the U.S.
1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 23594.5 59.6 23594.5 59.6
Hired 15718.3 39.7 39312.8 99.3
Other 277.5 0.7 39590.3 100.0

Table 3-274. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1394.2 3.5 1394.2 3.5
20-29 7728.21 19.5 9122.3 23.0
30-39 9305.5 23.5 18427.8 46.5
40-49 6213.8 15.7 24641.6 62.2
50-59 4869.8 12.3 29511.4 74.5
60-69 6143.5 15.5 35654.9 90.1
>=70 3935.4 9.9 39590.3 100.0

Table 3-275. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 32191.8 81.3 32191.8 81.3
Hispanic 5355.6 13.5 37547.4 94.8
Black 1258.6 3.2 38806.0 98.0
American Indian 784.3 2.0 39590.3 100.0

211


Table 4-72. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

injured for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1620.7 27.4 1620.7 27.4
Machine maint. 1722.6 29.1 3343.3 56.5
Field work 672.0 11.4 4015.3 67.9
Crop handling 111.2 1.9 4126.5 69.7
Livestock handling 1406.2 23.8 5532.7 93.5
Other 385.2 6.5 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-73. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury

for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 111.2 1.9 111.2 1.9
Machinery 912.6 15.4 1023.8 17.3
Livestock 845.4 14.3 1869.2 31.6
Hand tool 796.6 13.5 2665.8 45.0
Power tool 351.8 5.9 3017.6 51.0
Pesticide/chem. 33.4 0.6 3051.0 51.6
Truck/auto 814.8 13.8 3865.8 65.3
Other vehicle 320.2 5.4 4186.0 70.7
Liquids 111.2 1.9 4297.2 72.6
Other 1620.7 27.4 5917.9 100.0

297


Table 3-255. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for male workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 422.9 3.9 422.9 3.9
Eye 923.9 8.4 1346.8 12.3
Chest/trunk 511.5 4.7 1858.3 17.0
Back 590.4 5.4 2448.7 22.4
Arm/shoulder 888.0 8.1 3336.7 30.5
Finger 2503.9 22.9 5840.6 53.3
Hand/wrist 2968.2 27.1 8808.8 80.4
Leg/knee/hip 1244.5 11.4 10053.3 91.8
Foot 652.6 6.0 10705.9 97.7
Mult. parts 178.5 1.6 10884.4 99.4
Other 69.3 0.6 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-256. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for male workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 69.3 0.6 69.3 0.6
Bruise 1470.4 13.4 1539.7 14.1
cut 2905.6 26.5 4445.3 40.6
Crush 419.5 3.8 4864.8 44.4
Fracture 1478.1 13.5 6342.9 57.9
Puncture 361.9 3.3 6704.8 61.2
Sprain/strain 2769.2 25.3 9474.0 86.5
Mult. injury 113.6 1.0 9587.6 87.5
Other 1366.1 12.5 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-257. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

male workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 392.4 3.6 392.4 3.6
Caught between 1432.0 13.1 1824.4 16.7
Struck by/against 1089.5 9.9 2913.9 26.6
Struck by falling 685.2 6.3 3599.1 32.9
Struck by flying 618.4 §.6 4217.5 38.5
Contact sharp obj. 2445.7 22.3 6663.2 60.8
Fall, same level 632.9 5.8 7296.1 66.6
Fall, elevation 1084.5 9.9 8380.6 76.5
Overexertion 1236.0 11.3 9616.6 87.8
Other 1337.1 12.2 10953.7 100.0

205


Table 4-174. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Tennessee, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 379.6 16.1 379.6 16.1
February 0.0 0.0 379.6 16.1
March 0.0 0.0 379.6 16.1
April 0.0 0.0 379.6 16.1
May 189.8 8.1 569.4 24.2
June 570.7 24.3 1140.1 48.5
July 29.4 1.3 1169.5 49.7
August 282.4 12.0 1451.9 61.8
September 176.1 7.5 1628.0 69.2
October 0.0 0.0 1628.0 69.2
November 343.4 14.6 1971.4 83.9
December 379.6 16.1 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-175. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1847.2 78.6 1847.2 78.6
Permanent 379.6 16.1 2226.8 94.7
Fatality 124.2 5.3 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-176. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Tennessee, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 503.8 21.4 503.8 21.4
Yes 1817.8 717.3 2321.6 98.7
No 29.4 1.3 2351.0 100.0

331


Table 3-276. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for male
workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2872.7 7.3 2872.7 7.3
February 3975.7 10.0 6848.4 17.3
March 1978.7 5.0 8827.1 22.3
April 2491.6 6.3 11318.7 28.6
May 2648.8 6.7 13967.5 35.3
June 4654.7 11.8 18622.2 47.0
July 2162.4 5.5 20784.6 $2.5
August 4134.6 10.4 24919.2 62.9
September 3139.2 7.9 28058.4 70.9
October 4018.7 10.2 32077.1 81.0
November 3273.4 8.3 35350.5 89.3
December 4239.8 10.7 39590.3 100.0

Table 3~277. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 35106.3 88.7 35106.3 88.7
Permanent 4111.4 10.4 39217.7 99.1
Fatality 372.6 0.9 39590.3 100.0

Table 3-278. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for male workers in the
South region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 4484.0 11.3 4484.0 11.3
Yes 29724.0 75.1 34208.0 86.4
No 5382.3 13.6 39590.3 100.0

212


Table 2-190. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 12463.1 96.8 12463.1 96.8
Permanent 410.3 3.2 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-191. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for workers 10-19 years

of age, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 10775.0 83.7 10775.0 3.2
Yes 1688.1 13.1 12463.1 96.8
No 410.3 3.2 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-192. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 797.8 6.2 797.8 6.2
Chest/trunk 209.5 1.6 1007.3 7.8
Back 252.7 2.0 1260.0 9.8
Arm/shoulder 186.6 1.4 1446.6 11.2
Finger 4266.6 33.1 $713.2 44.4
Hand/wrist 895.9 7.0 6609.1 51.3
Leg/knee/hip 3033.4 23.6 9642.5 74.9
Toe $91.5 4.6 10234.0 79.5
Foot 2232.6 17.3 12466.6 96.8
Mult. parts 337.5 2.6 12804.1 99.5
Other 69.3 0.5 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-193. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature

of the injury for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 1416.1 11.0 1416.1 11.0
cut 3426.2 26.6 4842.3 37.6
Crush 2688.9 20.9 7531.2 58.5
Fracture 1498.5 11.6 9029.7 70.1
Puncture 1269.0 9.9 10298.7 80.0
Sprain/strain 1474.2 11.5 11772.9 91.5
Mult. injury 763.0 5.9 12535.9 97.4
Other 337.5 2.6 12873.4 100.0

74


Page2

7 Retationsnio of the vicum to tne frm
Operator or famuty (paid or unpaid) —

Partneris) or famtiy (paid or unpaia) — Sater cove
Hire farm tabor . 3 |
Non-famtly unpaid labor
Other (specify)

8. Sex of vicum: Emer code

9. Age of vicum:

10. Race of victim:
White, Non-Hispanic
White, Hispanic -...
Black .. oo
Asian or Pacific islander
Amenican tndian ...-.
Other (specify)

11. Month injury occurres:

Enter cove

12. Severity of iniury:
Restnctea acuvity .--...2
Disability (Full or parual loss of body

if disability or fatality, skip to question 15.

13. Was professtonai medical attention required?
Yes

14.

Number of days of restricted work
acuvity:.,

Multipie boay parts
Other (specify)

. Nature of injury:

Multipte injuries --——-
Other (specify)

Enter coc

Enter cod

350


Table 4-81. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 83.2 4.3 83.2 4.3
Eye 193.6 10.0 276.8 14.3
Chest/trunk 83.2 4.3 356.0 18.6
Back 141.3 7.3 501.2 25.9
Arm/shoulder 166.4 8.6 667.6 34.4
Finger 453.1 23.4 1120.8 57.8
Hand/wrist 213.2 11.0 1334.0 68.8
Leg/knee/hip 343.7 17.7 1677.7 86.5
Foot 135.9 7.0 1813.6 93.6
Mult. parts 41.6 2.1 1855.2 95.7
Other 83.2 4.3 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-82. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 41.6 2.1 41.6 2.1
Bruise 380.3 19.6 421.9 21.8
cut 227.7 11.7 649.6 33.5
Crush 122.5 6.3 772.1 39.8
Fracture 266.1 13.7 1038.2 53.6
Puncture 101.8 5.3 1140.0 58.8
Sprain/strain 551.1 28.4 1691.1 87.2
Mult. injury 41.6 2.1 1732.7 89.4
Other 205.8 10.6 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-83. Estimates of lost-time injuries by the type of injury
event for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 144.5 7.5 144.5 7.5
Caught between 329.7 17.0 474.2 24.5
Caught under 41.6 2.1 515.8 26.6
Struck by/against 276.8 14.3 792.5 40.9
Struck by falling 108.2 5.6 900.7 46.5
Struck by flying 83.2 4.3 983.9 50.8
Contact sharp obj. 238.8 12.3 1222.7 63.1
Fall, same level 144.5 7.5 1367.2 70.5
Fall, elevation 199.5 10.3 1566.7 80.8
Overexertion 166.4 8.6 1733.1 89.4
Other 205.3 10.6 1938.4 100.0

300


Table 2-224.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 33065.9 90.6 33065.9 90.6
Permanent 2897.2 7.9 35963.1 98.5
Fatality $47.4 1.5 36510.5 100.0
Table 2-225. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for workers 40-49 years
of age, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 3444.6 9.4 3444.6 9.4
Yes 25863.8 70.8 29308 .4 80.3
No 7202.1 19.7 36510.5 100.0
Table 2-226. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2517.9 6.9 2517.9 6.9
Eye 892.0 2.4 3409.9 9.3
Chest/trunk 2261.4 6.2 5671.3 15.5
Back 9352.9 25.6 15024.2 41.2
Arm/shoulder 2973.6 8.1 17997.8 49.3
Finger 3429.0 9.4 21426.8 58.7
Hand/wrist 2191.0 6.0 23617.8 64.7
Leg/knee/hip 5843.4 16.0 29461.2 80.7
Foot 2711.5 7.4 32172.7 88.1
Mult. parts 4222.0 11.6 36394.7 99.7
Other 115.8 0.3 36510.5 100.0

84


Table 2-69.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of

the U.S. for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 1823.0 2.9 1823.0 2.9
South 19738.8 31.6 21561.8 34.5
Midwest - 30840.5 49.3 $2402.3 83.8
West 10143.6 16.2 62545.9 100.0
Table 2-70. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 48052.9 76.8 48052.9 76.8
Partner/family 6841.0 10.9 54893.9 87.8
Hired labor 6608.5 10.6 61502.4 98.3
Unpaid nonfamily 513.3 0.8 62015.7 99.2
Other 530.2 0.8 62545.9 100.0
Table 2-71. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 55047.9 88.0 55047.9 88.0
Female 7498.0 12.0 62545.9 100.0
Table 2-72. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group

for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2265.5 3.6 2265.5 3.6
20-29 4932.2 7.9 7197.7 11.5
30-39 12149.1 19.4 19346.8 30.9
40-49 10947.2 17.5 30294.0 48.4
50-59 14659.8 23.4 44953.8 71.9
60-69 9949.5 15.9 54903.3 87.8
>=70 7642.6 12.2 62545.9 100.0

39


Table 3-12. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 7170.6 5.3 770.6 5.3
Eye 1038.5 7.2 1809.1 12.6
Chest/trunk 666.0 4.6 2475.1 17.2
Back 840.4 5.8 3315.5 23.0
Arm/shoulder 957.3 6.6 4272.8 29.6
Finger 2977.3 20.7 7250.1 50.3
Hand/wrist 3855.9 26.8 11106.0 77.1
Leg/knee/hip 1466.7 10.2 12572.7 87.2
Toe 17.7 O.1 12590.4 87.4
Foot 1283.9 8.9 13874.3 96.3
Mult. parts 178.5 1.2 14052.8 97.5
Other 358.6 2.5 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-13. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 203.9 1.4 203.9 1.4
Bruise 2230.1 15.5 2434.0 16.9
cut 2905.6 20.2 5339.6 37.1
Crush 623.7 4.3 $963.3 41.4
Fracture 2519.1 17.5 8482.4 58.9
Puncture 476.5 3.3 8958.9 62.2
Sprain/strain 3735.1 25.9 12694.0 88.1
Mult. injury 113.6 0.8 12807.6 88.9
Other 1603.8 11.1 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-14. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 612.4 4.2 612.4 4.2
Caught between 1949.7 13.5 2562.1 17.8
Caught under 309.2 2.1 2871.3 19.9
Struck by/against 1240.6 8.6 4111.9 28.5
Struck by falling 685.2 4.8 4797.1 33.3
Struck by flying 838.4 5.8 5635.5 39.1
Contact sharp obj. 2515.0 17.5 8150.5 56.6
Fall, same level 1781.0 12.4 9931.5 68.9
Fall, elevation 1084.5 7.5 11016.0 76.4
Overexertion 1486.0 10.3 12502.0 86.8
Other 1909.4 13.2 14411.4 100.0

125


Table 2-299. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 385.7 9.8 385.7 9.8
Machinery 977.0 24.8 1362.7 34.6
Livestock 151.9 3.9 1514.6 38.4
Hand tool 935.5 23.7 2450.1 62.2
Pesticide/chem. 114.5 2.9 2564.6 65.1
Plant/tree 961.1 24.4 3525.7 89.5
Working surface 260.9 6.6 3786.6 96.1
Truck/auto 153.4 3.9 3940.0 100.0

109


Table 3-442. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
black and other race workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Field crops 734.9 38.7 734.9 38.7
Veg, fruit,nuts 114.5 6.0 849.4 44.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 151.9 8.0 1001.3 52.8
Poultry 895.8 47.2 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-443. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for black and other race workers in the West region
of the U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 752.8 39.7 752.8 39.7
Hired 1144.3 60.3 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-444. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for black
and other race workers in the Westt region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 1334.6 70.3 1334.6 70.3
Female 562.5 29.7 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-445. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
black and other race workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 190.3 10.0 190.3 10.0
20-29 315.9 16.7 506.2 26.7
30-39 190.3 10.0 696.5 36.7
40-49 638.1 33.6 1334.6 70.3
60-69 562.5 29.7 1897.1 100.0

267




Table 3-258. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for male workers in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 2046.9 18.7 2046.9 18.7
Machine maint. 2371.8 21.7 4418.7 40.3
Field work 1767.1 16.1 6185.8 56.5
Crop handling 2036.8 18.6 8222.6 75.1
Livestock handling 2175.5 19.9 10398.1 94.9
Other 555.6 5.1 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-259. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for male workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 316.9 2.9 316.9 2.9
Machinery 2386.9 21.8 2703.8 24.7
Livestock 1729.3 15.8 4433.1 40.5
Hand tool 427.9 3.9 4861.0 44.4
Power tool 1465.2 13.4 6326.2 57.8
Plant/tree 248.1 2.3 6574.3 60.0
Working surface 1133.7 10.3 7708.0 70.4
Truck/auto 471.1 4.3 8179.1 74.7
Other vehicle 69.3 0.6 8248.4 75.3
Other 2705.3 24.7 10953.7 100.0

206


Table 3-4. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for the
Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 595.8 4.1 $95.8 4.1
Field crops 1877.1 13.0 2472.9 17.2
Veg, fruit,nuts 1498.6 10.4 3971.5 27.6
Nursery 1407.6 9.8 5379.1 37.3
Beef, hogs, sheep 1823.0 12.6 7202.1 50.0
Poultry 150.6 1.0 7352.7 51.0
Dairy 5896.8 40.9 13249.5 91.9
Other farms 1161.9 8.1 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-5. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 10776.3 74.8 10776.3 74.8
Hired 3521.5 24.4 14297.8 99.2
Other 113.6 0.8 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-6. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 10953.7 76.0 10953.7 76.0
Female 3457.7 24.0 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-7. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1283.8 8.9 1283.8 8.9
20-29 3704.6 25.7 4988.4 34.6
30-39 1733.7 12.0 6722.1 46.6
40-49 2581.5 17.9 9303.6 64.6
50-59 2247.0 15.6 11550.6 80.1
60-69 1329.0 9.2 12879.6 89.4
>=70 1531.8 10.6 14411.4 100.0

123


Table 3-327.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2659.2 4.7 2659.2 4.7
Eye 7128.0 12.6 9787.2 17.3
Chest/trunk 5883.9 10.4 15671.1 27.7
Back 13952.7 24.6 29623.8 52.3
Arm/shoulder 4393.7 7.8 34017.5 60.0
Finger 7914.6 14.0 41932.1 74.0
Hand/wrist 3756.7 6.6 45688.8 80.6
Leg/knee/hip 5544.9 9.8 51233.7 90.4
Toe 392.6 0.7 51626.3 91.1
Foot 1413.8 2.5 53040.1 93.6
Mult. parts 855.3 1.5 53895.4 95.1
Other 2777.6 4.9 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-328. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 190.3 0.3 190.3 0.3
Bruise 6330.8 11.2 6521.1 11.5
Burn 1456.5 2.6 7977.6 14.1
cut 9683.3 17.1 17660.9 31.2
Crush 3712.5 6.6 21373.4 37.7
Fracture 4618.0 8.1 25991.4 45.9
Poisoning 162.1 0.3 26153.5 46.1
Puncture 3297.5 5.8 29451.0 52.0
Sprain/strain 20760.6 36.6 50211.6 88.6
Mult. injury 1269.3 2.2 51480.9 90.8
Other 5192.1 9.2 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-329. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1265.5 2.2 1265.5 2.2
Caught between 5113.3 9.0 6378.8 11.3
Caught under 1592.5 2.8 7971.3 14.1
Struck by/against 5863.3 10.3 13834.6 24.4
Struck by falling 1065.4 1.9 14900.0 26.3
Struck by flying 3319.9 5.9 18219.9 32.1
Contact sharp obj. 6032.1 10.6 24252.0 42.8
Fall, same level 4393.1 7.8 28645.1 50.5
Fall, elevation 4290.1 7.6 32935.2 $8.1
Overexertion 14690.5 25.9 47625.7 84.0
Other 9047.3 16.0 56673.0 100.0

229


Table 3-295. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Tractor 148.8 3.3 148.8 3.3
Machinery 277.5 6.2 426.3 9.5
Livestock 1829.3 40.6 2255.6 50.0
Hand tool 252.3 5.6 2507.9 55.6
Pesticide/chem. 398.6 8.8 2906.5 64.5
Plant/tree 748.8 16.6 3655.3 81.1
Working surface 297.6 6.6 3952.9 87.7
Other 555.0 12.3 4507.9 100.0

218


Table 3-80. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for crop operations in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 7889.4 45.0 7889.4 45.0
Hired 9661.3 55.0 17550.7 100.0

Table 3-81. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for crop
operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 16103 .2 91.8 16103.2 91.8
Female 1447.5 8.2 17550.7 100.0

Table 3-82. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for crop
operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1184.7 6.8 1184.7 6.8
20-29 5629.8 32.4 6814.5 39.2
30-39 3811.8 21.9 10626.3 61.1
40-49 2527.0 14.5 13153.3 75.6
50-59 2467.7 14.2 15621.0 89.8
60-69 1478.7 8.5 17099.7 98.3
>=70 302.2 1.7 17401.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-83. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for crop operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 11828.0 68.0 11828.0 68.0
Hispanic 4615.3 26.5 16443.3 94.5
Black 958.6 5.5 17401.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

147


Table 3-92. Estimates of lost-time injuries by

status of the

injured worker for livestock operations in the South region of the

U.S., 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 9766.6 74.5 19766.6 74.5
Hired 6503.4 24.5 26270.0 99.0
Other 277.5 1.0 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-93. Estimates of lost-time injuries by
livestock operations in the South region of the

gender for
U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 23487.1 88.5 23487.1 88.5
Female 3060.4 11.5 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-94. Estimates of lost-time injuries by

age group for

livestock operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 209.5 0.8 209.5 0.8
20-29 2098.3 7.9 2307.8 8.7
30-39 6596.1 24.8 8903.9 33.5
40-49 4502.0 17.0 13405.9 50.5
50-59 4296.2 16.2 17702.1 66.7
60-69 4664.8 17.6 22366.9 84.3
>=70 4180.6 15.7 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-95. Estimates of lost-time injuries by

race or ethnic

origin for livestock operations in the South region of the U.S.,

1993.
Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 24425.3 92.0 24425.3 92.0
Hispanic 1037.9 3.9 25463.2 95.9
Black 300.0 1.1 25763.2 97.0
American Indian 784.3 3.0 26547.5 100.0

151


Table 4-177. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 153.6 6.5 153.6 6.5
Eye 122.6 5.2 276.2 11.7
Chest/trunk 189.8 8.1 466.0 19.8
Arm/shoulder 219.2 9.3 685.2 29.1
Finger 106.3 4.5 791.5 33.7
Hand/wrist 219.2 9.3 1010.7 43.0
Leg/knee/hip 851.8 36.2 1862.5 79.2
Foot 298.7 12.7 2161.2 91.9
Mult. parts 189.8 8.1 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-178. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 219.2 9.3 219.2 9.3
cut 906.6 38.6 1125.8 47.9
Crush 124.2 5.3 1250.0 53.2
Fracture 692.0 29.4 1942.0 82.6
Sprain/strain 29.4 1.3 1971.4 83.9
Mult. injury 379.6 16.1 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-179. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 106.3 4.5 106.3 4.5
Caught between 122.6 5.2 228.9 9.7
Struck by/agains 818.0 34.8 1046.9 44.5
Struck by falling 189.8 8.1 1236.7 $2.6
Struck by flying 296.1 12.6 1532.8 65.2
Contact sharp obj. 664.6 28.3 2197.4 93.5
Fall, same level 29.4 1.3 2226.8 94.7
Other 124.2 5.3 2351.0 100.0

332


CONTENTS
Acknowledgements... ....... 0.0... 02. e eee eee tees

Executive Summary........ 2.2... e cee cece eee eect eee

SECTION I: THE TRAUMATIC INJURY SURVEILLANCE OF
FARMERS SURVEY...........- 220s ee eee cece eeee

Highlight of Results . . . . -
REFETeNnceS.. 2... eee eee eee ence eee eee teenies

SECTION II: NATIONAL DATA...........2-. 22. ee eee eens

National rates for injuries and restricted workdays
by type of farm........... cece cence eee

National rates for injuries and restricted workdays

by type of farm and status of the worker..............
National injury estimates.................. 222 c eee eee
National restricted workday estimates.................

National injury estimates by type of farm:

Cash grain......... eee eee eee eee
Field crop..
Vegetable, fruit, and nut.
Nursery..........-5.0008

Beef, hog, and sheep
Poultry
Dairy
Other farms

Other workers..

National injury estimates by gender:

National injury estimates

10-19 years of
20-29 years of
30-39 years of
40-49 years of
50-59 years of

w

ODMWW

13

14

15

18

23
27
31

39
43
46
50

54
58
62

65
69

73
76
79

87

iii


Table 3-368. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for white workers in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6486.3 17.9 6486.3 17.9
Machine maint. 4024.1 11.1 10510.4 29.0
Field work 5731.6 15.8 16242.0 44.8
Crop handling 6103.6 16.8 22345.6 61.6
Livestock handling 13489.9 37.2 35835.5 98.8
Other 417.8 1.2 36253.3 100.0

Table 3-369. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993,

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 4009.0 11.1 4009.0 11.1
Machinery 4098.7 11.3 8107.7 22.4
Livestock 9663.0 26.7 17770.7 49.0
Hand tool 2798.8 7.7 20569.5 56.7
Power tool 805.9 2.2 21375.4 59.0
Pesticide/chem. 886.1 2.4 22261.5 61.4
Plant/tree 1768.6 4.9 24030.1 66.3
Working surface 3300.4 9.1 27330.5 75.4
Truck/auto 1178.2 3.2 28508.7 78.6
Other vehicle 703.9 1.9 29212.6 80.6
Other 7040.7 19.4 36253.3 100.0

245


Table 3-382. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
black and other race workers in the South region of the U.S.,
1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 306.8 15.0 306.8 15.0
Field crops 124.8 6.1 431.6 21.1
Veg, fruit, nuts 266.1 13.0 697.7 34.2
Nursery 260.9 12.8 958.6 46.9
Beef,hogs, sheep 398.6 19.5 1357.2 66.4
Poultry 385.7 18.9 1742.9 85.3
Other farms 300.0 14.7 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-383. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for black and other race workers in the South
region of the U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 385.7 18.9 385.7 18.9
Hired 1657.2 81.1 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-384. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for black
and other race workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 2042.9 100.0 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-385. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
black and other race workers in the South region of the U.S.,
1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 664.7 32.5 664.7 32.5
30-39 567.7 27.8 1232.4 60.3
50-59 124.8 6.1 1357.2 66.4
60-69 385.7 18.9 1742.9 85.3
>=70 300.0 14.7 2042.9 100.0

249


Table 4-2. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 1736.5 54.3 1736.5 54.3
Partner/family 209.0 6.5 1945.5 60.8
Hired labor 1187.5 37.1 3133.0 97.9
Other 65.6 2.1 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-3. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Arizona, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 3083.8 96.4 3083.8 96.4
Female 114.8 3.6 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-4. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Arizona, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 759.9 23.8 759.9 23.8
20-29 283.6 8.9 1043.5 32.6
30-39 1196.0 37.4 2239.5 70.0
40-49 405.4 12.7 2644.9 82.7
50-59 402.3 12.6 3047.2 95.3
60-69 95.9 3.0 3143.1 98.3
>=70 55.5 1.7 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-5. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 2028.4 63.4 2028.4 63.4
Hispanic 971.3 30.4 2999.7 93.8
Black 65.6 2.1 3065.3 95.8
Other 133.3 4.2 3198.6 100.0

274


Table 3-63.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for crop operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 241.3 3.8 241.3 3.8
Eye 170.6 2.7 411.9 6.5
Back 113.9 1.8 525.8 8.4
Arm/shoulder 393.0 6.2 918.8 14.6
Finger 1463.7 23.2 2382.5 37.8
Hand/wrist 3035.4 48.2 5417.9 86.1
Leg/knee/hip 604.8 9.6 6022.7 95.7
Toe 17.7 0.3 6040.4 95.9
Foot 255.4 4.1 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-64. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for crop operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Amputation 134.6 2.1 134.6 2.1
Bruise 432.6 6.9 567.2 9.0
cut 1746.2 27.7 2313.4 36.7
Crush 338.8 5.4 2652.2 42.1
Fracture 1161.7 18.5 3813.9 60.6
Puncture 201.4 3.2 4015.3 63.8
Sprain/strain 1475.3 23.4 5490.6 87.2
Other 805.2 12.8 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-65. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

crop operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 188.9 3.0 188.9 3.0
Caught between 1111.2 17.6 1300.1 20.7
Caught under 17.7 0.3 1317.8 20.9
Struck by/against 305.2 4.8 1623.0 25.8
Struck by falling 41.7 0.7 1664.7 26.4
Struck by flying 39.8 0.6 1704.5 27.1
Contact sharp obj. 1879.1 29.8 3583.6 56.9
Fall, same level 913.1 14.5 4496.7 71.4
Fall, elevation 466.0 7.4 4962.7 78.8
Overexertion 434.1 6.9 5396.8 85.7
Other 899.0 14.3 6295.8 100.0

141


Table 2-276. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 1010.2 2.3 1010.2 2.3
South 5653.2 12.9 6663.4 15.2
Midwest 1972.4 4.5 8635.8 19.7
West 35106.3 80.3 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-277. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
ef the injured worker for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 2426.8 5.5 2426.8 5.5
Hired labor 40536.3 92.7 42963.1 98.2
Unpaid nonfamily 337.5 0.8 43300.6 99.0
Other 441.5 1.0 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-278. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 42507.2 97.2 42507.2 97.2
Female 1234.9 2.8 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-279. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
{Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 811.0 1.9 811.0 1.9
20-29 16365.9 37.4 17176.9 39.3
30-39 13735.1 31.4 30912.0 70.7
40-49 8702.3 19.9 39614.3 90.6
50-59 2596.6 5.9 42210.9 96.5
60-69 58.7 0.1 42269.6 96.6
>=70 1472.5 3.4 43742.1 100.0

102


3. Sampling Estimators and Variance Equations for National
Estimates

Yrorai = not, Me Veeg = Rational mean of the variable of interest

= M, = : =
VO Yaar ) wh V (Vag ) = variance of ¥x.4)

reget Myoeay

where:
P= number of regional strata

Mora) ~ Number of farms in the United States

357


Table 4-45. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Florida, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 75.5 3.5 75.5 3.5
Eye 99.6 4.6 175.1 8.0
Chest/trunk 494.1 22.7 669.2 30.7
Back 779.6 35.8 1448.8 66.5
Arm/shoulder 88.7 4.1 1537.5 70.6
Finger 49.6 2.3 1587.1 72.9
Hand/wrist 349.5 16.0 1936.6 88.9
Leg/knee/hip 75.5 3.5 2012.1 92.4
Foot 116.7 5.4 2128.8 97.7
Mult. parts 49.6 2.3 2178.4 100.0

Table 4-46. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Florida, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 448.9 20.6 448.9 20.6
cut 136.6 6.3 585.5 26.9
Crush 259.0 11.9 844.5 38.8
Fracture 236.1 10.8 1080.6 49.6
Sprain/strain 829.2 38.1 1909.8 87.7
Mult. injury 49.6 2.3 1959.4 89.9
Other 219.0 10.1 2178.4 100.0

Table 4-47. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Florida, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 192.2 8.8 192.2 8.8
Struck by/against 812.9 37.3 1005.1 46.1
Struck by falling 69.8 3.2 1074.9 49.3
Struck by flying 5.7 0.3 1080.6 49.6
Fall, same level 237.5 10.9 1318.1 60.5
Fall, elevation 119.4 5.5 1437.5 66.0
Overexertion 591.7 27.2 2029.2 93.2
Other 149.2 6.8 2178.4 100.0

288


Table 4-30. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the

State of Colorado, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 121.6 4.9 121.6 4.9
February 136.9 5.5 258.5 10.4
March 107.1 4.3 365.6 14.8
April 92.6 3.7 458.2 18.5
May 167.9 6.8 626.1 25.3
June 182.4 7.4 808.5 32.6
July 290.3 11.7 1098.8 44.4
August . 167.9 6.8 1266.7 51.1
September 426.0 17.2 1692.7 68.3
October 277.5 11.2 1970.2 79.5
November 507.0 20.5 2477.2 100.0
December 0.0 0.0 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-31. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the

injury for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
ef Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 2233.2 90.2 2233.2 90.2
Permanent 244.0 9.8 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-32. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of

Colorado, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 244.0 9.8 244.0 9.8
Yes 1929.2 77.9 2173.2 87.7
No 304.0 12.3 2477.2 100.0

283


Table 2-147. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for other workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 113.6 7.4 113.6 7.4
South 277.5 18.0 391.1 25.3
Midwest 619.4 40.1 1010.5 65.5
West 532.5 34.5 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-148. National estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type
for family workers,1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 735.2 47.6 735.2 47.6
Field crops 164.0 10.6 899.2 58.3
Beef, hogs, sheep 530.2 34.4 1429.4 92.6
Dairy 69.3 4.5 1498.7 97.1
Other farms 44.3 2.9 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-149. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for family workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 1543.0 100.0 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-150. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for family workers, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 499.8 32.4 499.8 32.4
30-39 279.8 18.1 779.6 50.5
50-59 297.0 19.2 1076.6 69.8
60-69 222.3 14.4 1298.9 84.2
>=70 244.1 15.8 1543.0 100.0

Table 2-151. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for family workers, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 926.7 67.7 926.7 67.7
Hispanic 441.5 32.3 1368.2 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

62


Table 2-103. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for dairy operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2321.2 6.4 2321.2 6.4
Eye 2569.2 7.0 4890.4 13.4
Chest/trunk 2590.2 7.1 7480.6 20.5
Back 1696.3 4.6 9176.9 25.1
Arm/shoulder 4641.2 12.7 13818.1 37.8
Finger 4334.0 11.9 18152.1 49.7
Hand/wrist 4769.0 13.1 22921.1 62.7
Leg/knee/hip 4118.5 11.3 27039.6 74.0
Toe 194.4 0.5 27234.0 74.5
Foot 5676.2 15.5 32910.2 90.1
Mult. parts 2685.7 7.4 35595.9 97.4
Other 942.6 2.6 36538.5 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-104. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for dairy operations, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent.
Amputation 255.9 0.7 255.9 0.7
Bruise 7688.2 21.0 7944.1 21.7
Burn 1147.0 3.1 9091.1 24.9
cut 4255.9 +6 13347.0 36.5
Crush 2842.5 7.8 16189.5 44.3
Fracture 4561.5 12.5 20751.0 56.8
Poisoning 194.4 0.5 20945.4 57.3
Puncture 3287.1 9.0 24232.5 66.3
Sprain/strain 8158.5 22.3 32391.0 88.6
Mult. injury 2032.5 5.6 34423.5 94.2
Other 2115.0 5.8 36538.5 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

48


€LZ

Table 4-1. State estimates of lost-time injuries, restricted workdays, lost-time injuries per 200,000
hours worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked, 1993.

Estimated Estimated Restricted

Lost-time Restricted Lost-time Workday
State Injuries Workdays Injury Rate* Rate*
Arizona 3199 28317 9.3 41.4 82.0 t 21.6
California 14161 210594 6.3 + 0.7 94.0 t 30.6
Colorado 2477 61673 6.3 + 0.9 157.4 + 49.4
Florida 2178 30589 4.0 + 1.0 56.0 + 23.4
Iowa 11137 203678 7.84 1.4 142.0 + 35.1
Kansas 5917 46744 9.5 + 2.1 74.9 + 20.2
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont 1936 17479 6.5 + 0.6 58.6 + 9.7
Michigan 5998 816778 7.5 41.4 101.7 + 34.9
Missouri 4555 129148 6.3 + 1.2 179.9 + 69.5
New Jersey 592 12969 4.4 + 0.9 96.0 + 32.2
North Carolina 2129 30726 3.7 + 0.8 53.9 + 18.0
North Dakota 3679 47232 7.64 1.9 97.5 + 12.9
Oklahoma 4258 105019 8.7 + 1.7 214.5 + 79.1
Pennsylvania 6116 48927 6.6 + 1.2 52.8 + 17.2
Tennessee 2351 20492 4.6 41.0 39.9 + 16.5
Virginia 3783 71024 5.4 40.9 165.2 + 82.6
Washington, Alaska 4046 34101 5.0 + 0.9 93.3 + 25.4
Wisconsin 10173 130115 7.2 41.6 92.3 + 20.8

* Includes sample-based estimate of the standard error for the rate.


Table 3-147.

for livestock operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1852.8 10.2 1852.8 10.2
Eye 1080.8 5.9 2933.6 16.1
Chest/trunk 1412.6 7.8 4346.2 23.9
Back 2620.0 14.4 6966.2 38.2
Arm/shoulder 2267.7 12.4 9233.9 50.7
Finger 3324.5 18.2 12558.4 68.9
Hand/wrist 1425.8 7.8 13984.2 76.8
Leg/knee/hip 1831.1 10.1 15815.3 86.8
Toe 392.6 2.2 16207.9 89.0
Foot 671.8 3.7 16879.7 92.7
Mult. parts 933.9 5.1 17813.6 97.8
Other 404.6 2.2 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-148.

for livestock operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 2799.6 15.4 2799.6 15.4
Burn 1034.5 $.7 3834.1 21.0
cut 2907.7 16.0 6741.8 37.0
Crush 1692.9 9.3 8434.7 46.3
Fracture 3617.7 19.9 12052.4 66.2
Poisoning 240.7 1.3 12293.1 67.5
Puncture 1207.2 6.6 13500.3 74.1
Sprain/strain 3003.4 16.5 16503.7 90.6
Mult. injury 693.2 3.8 17196.9 94.4
Other 1021.3 5.6 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-149.

livestock operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 807.3 4.4 807.3 4.4
Caught between 1535.7 8.4 2343.0 12.9
Caught under 1473.7 8.1 3816.7 20.9
Struck by/against 2060.5 11.3 5877.2 32.3
Struck by falling 450.9 2.5 6328.1 34.7
Struck by flying 556.5 3.1 6884.6 37.8
Contact sharp obj. 2842.2 15.6 9726.8 53.4
Fall, same level 2212.0 12.1 11938.8 65.5
Fall, elevation 3140.2 17.2 15079.0 82.8
Overexertion 1101.2 6.0 16180.2 88.8
Other 2038.0 11.2 18218.2 100.0

169


Table 2-261. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1252.3 10.5 1252.3 10.5
Caught between 1019.3 8.5 2271.6 19.0
Caught under 552.0 4.6 2823.6 23.6
Struck by/against 3069.5 25.7 5893.1 49.3
Struck by falling 1140.1 9.5 7033.2 58.9
Contact sharp obj. 977.9 8.2 8011.1 67.1
Fall, same level 1549.8 13.0 9560.9 80.0
Fall, elevation 1002.4 8.4 10563.3 88.4
Overexertion 706.6 5.9 11269.9 94.3
Other 675.9 5.7 11945.8 100.0

Table 2-262. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 2363.3 19.8 2363.3 19.8
Machine maint. 1616.9 13.5 3980.2 33.3
Field work 1759.1 14.7 5739.3 48.0
Crop handling 2553.5 21.4 8292.8 69.4
Livestock handling 2904.4 24.3 11197.2 93.7
Other 748.6 6.3 11945.8 100.0

Table 2-263. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1183.6 9.9 1183.6 9.9
Machinery 3150.0 26.4 4333.6 36.3
Livestock 2357.8 19.7 6691.4 56.0
Hand tool 336.9 2.8 7028.3 58.8
Power tool 677.9 5.7 7706.2 64.5
Plant/tree 398.6 3.3 8104.8 67.8
Working surface 649.1 5.4 8753.9 73.3
Truck/auto 151.9 1.3 8905.8 74.6
Other vehicle 305.3 2.6 9211.1 77.1
Other 2734.7 22.9 11945.8 100.0

97


Table 3-404. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for white workers in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 13082.6 16.3 13082.6 16.3
Machine maint. 12020.9 15.0 25103.5 31.3
Field work 10889.1 13.6 35992.6 44.9
Crop handling 14715.2 18.4 50707.8 63.2
Livestock handling 24497.2 30.6 75205.0 93.8
Other 4981.8 6.2 80186.8 100.0

Table 3-405. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 4931.0 6.1 4931.0 6.1
Machinery 15880.7 19.8 20811.7 26.0
Livestock 18470.2 19.3 36281.9 45.2
Hand tool 9570.5 11.9 45852.4 57.2
Power tool 2646.4 3.3 48498 .8 60.5
Pesticide/chem. 337.6 0.4 48836.4 60.9
Plant/tree 1274.9 1.6 50111.3 62.5
Working surface 7367.7 9.2 57479.0 71.7
Truck/auto 3321.6 4.1 60800.6 75.8
Other vehicle 2666.2 3.3 63466.8 79.1
Liquids 493.3 0.6 63960.1 79.8
Other 16226.7 20.2 80186.8 100.0

255


Table 2-14. National estimates of restricted workdays by type of
event, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in $5409.5 1.8 55409.5 1.8
Caught between 240895.6 7.9 296305.1 9.7
Caught under 126555.9 4.1 422861.0 13.8
Struck by/against 720045 .6 23.5 1142906.6 37.3
Struck by falling 54291.9 1.8 1197198.5 39.1
Struck by flying 19617.8 0.6 1216816.3 39.7
Contact sharp obj. 120600.1 3.9 1337416.4 43.6
Fall, same level 805354.0 26.3 2142770.4 69.9
Fall, elevation 394337.5 12.9 2537107.9 82.8
Overexertion 212223.7 6.9 2749331.6 89.9
Other 310421.9 10.1 3059753.5 100.0

Table 2-15. National estimates of restricted workdays by activity
when worker was injured, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 352080.5 11.5 352080.5 1r.5
Machine maint. 380240.3 12.4 732320.8 23.9
Field work $49215.4 17.9 1281536.2 41.8
Crop handling 508540.0 16.6 1790076.2 58.4
Livestock handling 889058.8 29.1 2679135.0 87.5
Other 380618.5 12.4 3059753.5 100.0

Table 2-16. National estimates of restricted workdays by source
of the injury, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 264651.8 8.6 264651.8 5.5
Machinery 363840.2 11.9 628492.0 22.6
Livestock 567886.0 18.6 1196378.2 40.7
Hand tool 245449.9 8.04 1441827.9 52.1
Power tool 19421.7 0.6 1461249.6 55.8
Pesticide/chem. 13410.9 0.4 1474660.5 $6.5
Plant/tree 115270.1 3.8 1589930.6 60.8
Working surface 479503.9 15.7 2069434.5 69.3
Truck/auto 174109.9 5.7 2243544.4 72.4
Other vehicle 105005.0 3.4 2348549.4 74.8
Liquids 24772.8 0.8 2373322.2 75.4
Other 686431.4 22.4 3059753.5 100.0

22


Table 3-312. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for female
workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 395.8 4.7 395.8 4.7
February 320.0 3.8 715.8 8.4
March 0.0 0.0 715.8 8.4
April 800.3 9.4 1516.1 17.9
May 1390.3 16.4 2906.4 34.3
June 1398.1 16.5 4304.5 50.8
July 1354.6 16.0 5659.1 66.7
August 463.9 5.5 6123.0 72.2
September 33.3 0.4 6156.3 72.6
October 130.0 1.5 6286.3 74.1
November 770.6 9.1 7056.9 83.2
December 1423.8 16.8 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-313. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 8480.7 100.0 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-314. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for female workers in
the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Reguired Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 7917.4 93.4 7917.4 93.4
No 563.3 6.6 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-315. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 968.4 11.4 968.4 11.4
Back 1063.0 12.5 2031.4 24.0
Arm/shoulder 1421.0 16.8 3452.4 40.7
Finger 652.0 7.7 4104.4 48.4
Hand/wrist 1036.9 12.2 5141.3 60.6
Leg/knee/hip 2058.1 24.3 7199.4 84.9
Foot 664.0 7.8 7863.4 92.7
Mult. parts 617.3 7.3 8480.7 100.0

224


Table 3-336. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for female
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January -0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 250.0 8.2 250.0 8.2
April 299.0 9.9 549.0 18.1
May 194.4 6.4 743.4 24.5
June 842.5 27.8 1585.9 52.3
July 0.0 0.0 1585.9 52.3
August 114.5 3.8 1700.4 56.1
September 151.9 5.0 1852.3 61.1
October 381.7 12.6 2234.0 73.7
November 190.3 6.3 2424.3 79.9
December 608.8 20.1 3033.1 100.0

Table 3-337. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 2881.2 95.0 2881.2 95.0
Permanent 151.9 5.0 3033.1 100.0

Table 3-338. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for female workers in
the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 151.9 5.0 151.9 5.0
Yes 2881.2 95.0 3033.1 100.0

232


Table 2-13. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of
injury, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 1154.2 0.6 1154.2 0.6
Bruise 27738.5 13.8 28892.7 14.4
Burn 2281.9 1.1 31174.6 15.5
cut 37434.2 18.7 68608.8 34.2
Crush 13458.6 6.7 82067.4 40.9
Fracture 30574.2 15.2 112641.6 56.2
Poisoning 389.8 0.2 113031.4 56.4
Puncture 9792.3 4.9 122823.7 61.2
Sprain/strain 51382.1 25.6 174205.8 86.9
Mult. injury 11713.3 5.8 185919.1 92.7
Other 14630.6 7.3 200549.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-14. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 5149.2 2.6 5149.2 2.6
Caught between 19541.8 9.7 24691.0 12.3
Caught under 8369.8 4.2 33060.8 16.5
Struck by/against 37600.9 18.7 70661.7 35.2
Struck by falling 10910.2 5.4 81571.9 40.7
Struck by flying 7344.0 3.7 88915.9 44.3
Contact sharp obj. 22611.8 11.3 111527.7 55.6
Fall, same level 23994.4 12.0 135522.1 67.6
Fall, elevation 18375.2 9.2 153897.3 76.7
Overexertion 26157.4 13.0 180054.7 89.8
Other 20495.0 10.2 200549.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-15. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when worker was injured, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 31531.1 15.7 31531.1 15.7
Machine maint. 26721.8 13.3 58252.9 29.0
Field work 37563.4 18.7 95816.3 47.8
Crop handling 30628.9 15.3 126445.2 63.0
Livestock handling 51514.5 25.7 177959.7 88.7
Other 22590.0 11.3 200549.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

18


Table 2-274. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for white workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 23400.3 15.3 23400.3 15.3
Machine maint. 23859.2 15.6 47259.5 31.0
Field work 19597.5 12.8 66857.0 43.8
Crop handling 24094.4 15.8 90951.4 59.6
Livestock handling 48265.1 31.6 139216.5 91.3
Other 13327.5 8.7 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-275. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for white workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 9256.9 6.1 9256.9 6.1
Machinery 26147.3 17.1 35404.2 23.2
Livestock 32798.2 21.5 68202.4 44.7
Hand tool 16140.7 10.6 84343.1 $5.3
Power tool 5136.5 3.4 89479.6 58.7
Pesticide/chem. 1339.5 0.9 90819.1 59.5
Plant/tree 3946.2 2.6 94765.3 62.1
Working surface 13539.3 8.9 108304.6 71.0
Truck/auto $215.3 3.4 113519.9 74.4
Other vehicle 3439.4 2.3 116959.3 76.7
Liquids 1227.7 0.8 118187.0 77.5
Other 34357.0 22.5 152544.0 100.0

101


17. Type of injury:

Caugnt part of body in object
Caught part of body between onjects
Caught part of body unger object
Struck by or against abject
Struck by falling object _
Struck by flying object
Contact with sharp object _____.
Fall to same jevel (slipor trip)
Fall from etevation _

18. Type of work being perfarmea wnen
injury occurred:

Farmsteac maintenance or construction .. 1
Machinery service or repair 2 inter cooe
Field work (tillage, planting, harvesung) _ 3 oe
Storing or handling harvested crops cet
Livestock hanaling _.__..___.
Other (specify).

19. Object or supstance wricn
Caused tne myury:

Machinery specity)
Livestock,

Working surface
Truck/automoniie
Other venncies (specify) 10
Liquids (not chemical), “== ==T at
Other (specify) 02

20. If more than one injury occurrea. did any
of the otner injuries resuit in a disability
(Full or partial loss ot body part or actvity)?

awry

21, List all tractors over 20 horsepower used on your operation during 1993.

| protection Hours in Use On
Tractors Used \ (Enter Code This Operation in 1993
| BS Aorsy

Make snd Mode! | “tes” | weer iProuscee Desigay2t field | Roaa [stationary] Other
1 z 022023 faze as one oa?
> oa 030 joa a as one
3 036 {937 \o38 [39 040 joas
4 043 lem joa joa7 joas
15 ose |e os2 153 jos4 joss
6 057 joss ose po Tia oz
7 ojos Cry Ker 068
A jon ore ty ora o7s O76
9 “pa joa oaz oes
10 joer lead pa Ea
u on a ee
112 [100 101 102 103 “104

J Rotl-over protective structure. 2/ Include onty if the cab is designed for roll-over protecuon.

351


Table 3-114. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for crop operations in the Midwest region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6652.0 21.8 6652.0 21.8
Machine maint. 5213.7 17.1 11865.7 38.9
Field work 6674.9 21.9 18540.6 60.8
Crop handling 3888.2 12.7 22428.8 73.5
Livestock handling 6131.0 20.1 28559.8 93.6
Other 1950.1 6.4 30509.9 100.0

Table 3-115. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993,

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 3048.9 10.0 3048.9 10.0
Machinery 6481.0 21.2 9529.9 31.2
Livestock 4435.3 14.5 13965.2 45.8
Hand tool 4414.9 14.5 18380.1 60.2
Power tool 1261.1 4.1 19641.2 64.4
Pesticide/chem. 337.6 1.1 19978.8 65.5
Plant/tree 532.5 1.7 20511.3 67.2
Working surface 3159.8 10.4 23671.1 77.6
Truck/auto 493.3 1.6 24164.4 79.2
Other vehicle 1166.2 3.8 25330.6 83.0
Liquids 493.3 1.6 25823.9 84.6
Other 4686.0 15.4 30509.9 100.0

158


Table 4-97. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Michigan, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 65.0 1.1 65.0 1.1
Machinery 1616.7 27.0 1681.7 28.0
Livestock 1552.1 25.9 3233.8 53.9
Hand tool 569.8 9.5 3803.6 63.4
Power tool 330.2 5.5 4133.8 68.9
Plant/tree 60.3 1.0 4194.1 69.9
Working surface 330.2 5.5 4524.3 78.4
Other vehicle 60.3 1.0 4584.6 76.4
Other 1414.0 23.6 5998.6 100.0

305


Table 3-123. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1657.9 3.2 1657.9 3.2
Eye 2794.5 5.4 4452.4 8.6
Chest/trunk 1888.3 3.6 6340.7 12.2
Back 6764.2 13.1 13104.9 25.3
Arm/shoulder 4732.2 9.1 17837.1 34.4
Finger 4623.8 8.9 22460.9 43.3
Hand/wrist 6752.6 13.0 29213.5 56.4
Leg/knee/hip 10407.8 20.1 39621.3 76.5
Foot 5981.0 11.5 45602.3 88.0
Mult. parts 5637.8 10.9 §1240.1 98.9
Other 584.0 1.1 $1824.1 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)
Table 3-124. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 186.6 0.4 186.6 0.4
Bruise 7586.2 14.6 7772.8 15.0
cut 8933.4 17.2 16706.2 32.2
Crush 3477.0 6.7 20183.2 38.9
Fracture 8144.5 15.7 28327.7 54.7
Puncture 2690.3 §.2 31018.0 59.9
Sprain/strain 13807.1 26.6 44825.1 86.5
Mult. injury 4179.6 8.1 49004.7 94.6
Other 2819.4 5.4 $1824.1 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)
Table 3-125. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 186.6 0.4 186.6 0.4
Caught between $373.1 10.4 5559.7 10.
Caught under 2734.6 5.3 8294.3 16.0
Struck by/against 14021.6 27.1 22315.9 43.1
Struck by falling 1929.8 3.7 24245.7 46.8
Struck by flying 890.1 1.7 25135.8 48.5
Contact sharp obj. 5883.8 11.4 31019.6 $9.9
Fall, same level 7772.2 15.0 38791.8 74.9
Fall, elevation 6306.6 12.2 45098.4 87.0
Overexertion 4370.8 8.4 49469.2 95.5
Other 2354.9 4.5 51824.1 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

161


Table 3-135. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1170.9 2.8 1170.9 2.8
Eye 6161.7 14.9 7332.6 17.7
Chest/trunk 4471.3 10.8 11803.9 28.5
Back 11379.0 27.4 23182.9 55.9
Arm/shoulder 2702.1 6.5 25885.0 62.4
Finger 4590.1 11.1 30475.1 73.5
Hand/wrist 2939.7 7.1 33414.8 80.5
Leg/knee/hip 4284.8 10.3 37699.6 90.9
Foot 1109.2 2.7 38808.8 93.5
Mult. parts 306.1 0.7 39114.9 94.3
Other 2373.0 5.7 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-136. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 190.3 0.5 190.3 0.5
Bruise 4586.3 11.1 4776.6 11.5
Burn 422.0 1.0 5198.6 12.5
cut 7042.8 17.0 12241.4 29.5
Crush 2019.6 4.9 14261.0 34.4
Fracture 1875.5 4.5 16136.5 38.9
Poisoning 115.8 0.3 16252.3 39.2
Puncture 2090.3 5.0 18342.6 44.2
Sprain/strain 18056.2 43.5 36398.8 87.7
Mult. injury 766.4 1.8 37165.2 89.6
Other 4322.7 10.4 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-137. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 458.2 1.1 458.2 1.1
Caught between 3577.6 8.6 4035.8 9.7
Caught under 270.7 0.7 4306.5 10.4
Struck by/against 4243.1 10.2 8549.6 20.6
Struck by falling 1457.0 3.5 10006.6 24.1
Struck by flying 2763.4 6.7 12770.0 30.8
Contact sharp obj. 3651.5 8.8 16421.5 39.6
Fall, same level 3271.6 7.9 19693.1 47.5
Fall, elevation 1149.9 2.8 20843.0 50.2
Overexertion 13589.3 32.8 34432.3 83.0
Other 7055.6 17.0 41487.9 100.0

165


Table 2-41. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for field crop operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 3297.2 19.1 3297.2 19.1
Machine maint. 1748.7 10.1 5045.9 29.3
Field work 5965.8 34.6 11011.7 63.9
Crop handling 2385.5 13.8 13397.2 717.8
Livestock handling 2534.1 14.7 15931.3 92.5
Other 1297.9 7.5 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-42. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
injury for field crop operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1679.8 9.7 1679.8 9.7
Machinery 3202.5 18.6 4882.3 28.3
Livestock 2077.1 12.1 6959.4 40.4
Hand tool 2232.7 13.0 9192.1 53.4
Power tool 794.5 4.6 9986.6 58.0
Pesticide/chem. 487.5 2.8 10474.1 60.8
Plant/tree 536.6 3.1 11010.7 63.9
Working surface 1993.1 11.6 13003.8 75.5
Truck/auto 244.4 1.4 13248.2 76.9
Liquids 164.0 1.0 13412.2 77.8
Other 3817.0 22.2 17229.2 100.0

30


Table 3-152. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 536.1 5.0 536.1 5.0
Field crops 1757.3 16.3 2293.4 21.3
Veg, fruit,nuts 1207.1 11.2 3500.5 32.5
Nursery 703.8 6.5 4204.3 39.0
Beef,hogs, sheep 1758.1 16.3 5962.4 55.3
Poultry 150.6 1.4 6113.0 56.7
Dairy 4462.4 41.4 10575.4 98.1
Other farms 200.9 1.9 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-153. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for family

workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 8753.8 81.2 8753.8 81.2
Female 2022.5 18.8 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-154. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 7239.3 6.8 729.3 6.8
20-29 2194.8 20.4 2924.1 27.1
30-39 1284.4 11.9 4208.5 39.1
40-49 2512.2 23.3 6720.7 62.4
50-59 1895.7 17.6 8616.4 80.0
60-69 697.4 6.5 9313.8 86.4
>=70 1462.5 13.6 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-155. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 10040.7 93.2 10040.7 93.2
Hispanic 735.6 6.8 10776.3 100.0

171




Table 3-320. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for male
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent _ Frequency Percent
Cash grain 1464.2 2.6 1464.2 2.6
Field crops 6038.4 10.7 7502.6 13.2
Veg, fruit, nuts 23544.2 41.5 31046.8 54.8
Nursery 9081.2 16.0 40128.0 70.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 9494.5 16.8 49622.5 87.6
Poultry 333.3 0.6 49955.8 88.1
Dairy 6120.4 10.8 56076.2 98.9
Other farms 596.8 1.1 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-321. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for male workers in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 15950.5 28.1 15950.5 28.1
Hired 40190.0 70.9 $6140.5 99.1
Other 532.5 0.9 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-322. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2830.6 5.0 2830.6 5.0
20-29 16977.4 30.0 19808.0 35.0
30-39 14872.4 26,2 34680.4 61.2
40-49 12434.9 21.9 47115.3 83.1
50-59 5356.6 9.5 52471.9 92.6
60-69 2136.9 3.8 54608 .8 96.4
>=70 2064.2 3.6 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-323. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 21151.7 37.3 21151.7 37.3
Hispanic 34186.7 60.3 55338.4 97.6
Black 164.0 0.3 55502.4 97.9
Asian 190.3 0.3 $5692.7 98.3
American Indian 190.3 0.3 55883.0 98.6
Other 790.0 1.4 56673.0 100.0

227


TIt

Table 2-300. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury and the nature of
injury (Continued).

Nature of Injury
| | {Sprain/ |Mult.

|
Source of Injury |Poisoning| Puncture |Strain Injury |Other | Total
ae--------------- prea nnn entre n nnn nn tan nnn nnn tenn nnn npn nt
Tractor I 0 | 129.97 | 1735.6 | 270.97 | 436.88 | 10939
----------------- poe n nnn antenna nnn nt ann nnn nn tonne npn nt
Machinery | 0 | 637.5 | 5752.6 | 3081.4 | 379.06 | 34442
wanna ----------- penn n nnn antenna nnn nt nn nn nnn nn pon nnn nnn nnn nt
Livestock | Oo | 151.88 | 6834 | 1493.9 | 1854.8 | 36207
aa --n een ------- fp acn nnn enn penne enn n np -- $8 np enter nnn nat
Hand tool | O | 6338.2 | 4154.3 | 222.33 | 938.06 | 22896
a---------------- panna nnn n ate nnn nn nn np on nnn nnn tin nnn nnn tana nnnnnt
Power tool | 0 | 446.94 | 393.6 | 703.53 | 2690.7 | 7404
teeta fon n nnn natin nn nn nnn tenn nnn tin nnn ton nnnnt
Pesticide/chem. | 149.1 | ol 0 | O | 535.48 | 1454
won-nn----------- fanaa nnn nap enn nee nnn penn - nn pon nnn tnt
Plant/tree | O | 229.09 | 2146.7 | 700.88 | 1063.3 | 8649
----------------- Hanne nn ---$-- == Ht nn tn nnn nt
Working surface | O | 458.68 | 6990.2 | 599.27 | 1899.5 | 17057
noon --n---------- Se es
Truck/auto I o| 0 | 1321.8 | 1102.1 | 1309.4 | 6141
penne ene nee - == paca nn nn nn penn nn nent nn nt nn nn ttn nt
Other vehicle t oO | 174.81 | 840.97 | 1047 | 576.12 | 4842
----------------- Ne
Liquids i 0 | 0 | 434.96 | 148.44 | 0! 1228
----------------- fanaa nn np np en pn nnn tpn nnn nnn nnt
Other | 240.77 | 1225.1 | 20777 | 2343.5 | 2947.4 | 49292
panne eee === SO es res
Total 389.873 9792.2 51382.1 11713.4 14630.7 200550

(Frequency Missing = 584)


Table 3-425. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1091.5 4.8 1091.5 4.8
Eye 3318.6 14.6 4410.1 19.4
Chest/trunk 1348.8 5.9 5758.9 25.4
Back 3059.8 13.5 8818.7 38.8
Arm/shoulder 1350.3 5.9 10169.0 44.8
Finger 3844.7 16.9 14013.7 61.7
Hand/wrist 1389.8 6.1 15403.5 67.8
Leg/knee/hip 4254.2 18.7 19657.7 86.6
Toe 198.2 0.9 19855.9 87.5
Foot 826.6 3.6 20682.5 91.1
Mult. parts 1193.7 5.3 21876.2 96.4
Other 826.5 3.6 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-426. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 190.3 0.8 190.3 0.8
Bruise 2383.3 10.5 2573.6 11.3
Burn 422.0 1.9 2995.6 13.2
cut 5562.1 24.5 8557.7 37.7
Crush 2379.1 10.5 10936.8 48.2
Fracture 3163.1 13.9 14099.9 62.1
Poisoning 356.5 1.6 14456.4 63.7
Puncture 2148.5 9.5 16604.9 73.1
Sprain/strain 3614.2 15.9 20219.1 89.1
Mult. injury 1459.6 6.4 21678.7 95.5
Other 1024.0 4.5 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-427. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 655.4 2.9 655.4 2.9
Caught between 3361.0 14.8 4016.4 17.7
Caught under 663.6 2.9 4680.0 20.6
Struck by/against 4878.8 21.5 9558.8 42.1
Struck by falling 450.9 2.0 10009.7 44.1
Struck by flying 2496.2 11.0 12505.9 55.1
Contact sharp obj. 1349.3 5.9 13855.2 61.0
Fall, same level 1989.2 8.8 15844.4 69.8
Fall, elevation 2811.8 12.4 18656.2 82.2
Overexertion 2356.0 10.4 21012.2 92.6
Other 1690.5 7.4 22702.7 100.0

261


Table 3-210. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for family workers in the Midwest region of the

U.S., 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 11870.7 17.0 11870.7 17.0
Machine maint. 10045.7 14.4 21916.4 31.3
Field work 8261.1 11.8 30177.5 43.1
Crop handling 11561.9 16.5 41739.4 59.6
Livestock handling 23920.3 34.2 65659.7 93.8
Other 4331.2 6.2 69990.9 100.0

Table 3-211. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of

Cumulative Cumulative

Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 4167.1 6.0 4167.1 6.0
Machinery 12046.6 17.2 16213.7 23.2
Livestock 14859.2 21.2 31072.9 44.4
Hand tool 8587.0 12.3 39659.9 56.7
Power tool 2646.4 3.8 42306.3 60.4
Pesticide/chem. 271.0 0.4 42577.3 60.8
Plant/tree 1274.9 1.8 43852.2 62.7
Working surface 7183.5 10.3 51035.7 72.9
Truck/auto 2339.0 3.3 53374.7 76.3
Other vehicle 2082.2 3.0 55456.9 79.2
Other 14534.0 20.8 69990.9 100.0

190


Table 4-189. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 176.6 4.7 176.6 4.7
Eye 148.1 3.9 324.7 8.6
Chest/trunk 509.1 13.5 833.8 22.0
Back 589.0 15.6 1422.8 37.6
Arm/shoulder 117.5 3.1 1540.3 40.7
Finger 373.7 9.9 1914.0 50.6
Hand/wrist 364.5 9.6 2278.5 60.2
Leg/knee/hip 545.7 14.4 2824.2 74.6
Toe 87.0 2.3 2911.2 76.9
Foot 696.4 18.4 3607.6 95.4
Mult. parts 134.1 3.5 3741.7 98.9
Other 41.6 1.1 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-190. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise $23.6 13.8 $23.6 13.8
cut 829.7 21.9 1353.3 35.8
Crush 494.8 13.1 1848.1 48.8
Fracture 614.9 16.3 2463.0 65.1
Puncture 246.9 6.5 2709.9 71.6
Sprain/strain 632.1 16.7 3342.0 88.3
Mult. injury 41.6 1.1 3383.6 89.4
Other 399.7 10.6 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-191. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Virginia, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 84.1 2.2 84.1 2.2
Caught between 460.7 12.2 544.8 14.4
Struck by/against 823.2 21.8 1368.0 36.2
Struck by falling 926.6 24.5 2294.6 60.7
Contact sharp obj. 423.5 11.2 2718.1 71.8
Fall, same level 387.4 10.2 3105.5 82.1
Fall, elevation 117.5 3.1 3223.0 85.2
Overexertion 412.2 10.9 3635.2 96.1
Other 148.1 3.9 3783.3 100.0

336


Table 3-418. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 1598.4 7.0 1598.4 7.0
Field crops 2028.2 8.9 3626.6 16.0
Veg,fruit,nuts 5998.4 26.4 9625.0 42.4
Nursery 2500.0 11.0 12125.0 53.4
Beef, hogs, sheep 8692.9 38.3 20817.9 91.7
Dairy 1288.0 5.7 22105.9 97.4
Other farms 596.8 2.6 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-419. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for white workers in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 16038.7 70.6 16038.7 70.6
Hired 6295.5 27.7 22334.2 98.4
Other 368.5 1.6 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-420. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for white
“workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 21151.7 93.2 21151.7 93.2
Female 1551.0 6.8 22702.7 100.0

Table 3-421. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
white workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2445.9 10.8 2445.9 10.8
20-29 3998.6 17.6 6444.5 28.4
30-39 4741.5 20.9 11186.0 49.3
40-49 4651.2 20.5 15837.2 69.8
50-59 3274.5 14.4 19111.7 84.2
60-69 2136.9 9.4 21248.6 93.6
>=70 1454.1 6.4 22702.7 100.0

259


Table 3-398.

workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for white

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3823.4 4.8 3823.4 4.8
February 1545.2 1.9 5368.6 6.7
March 1815.0 2.3 7183.6 9.0
April 7139.9 8.9 14323.5 17.9
May 7051.1 8.8 21374.6 26.7
June 11873.2 14.8 33247.8 41.5
July 11087.2 13.8 44335.0 55.3
August 8250.0 10.3 52585.0 65.6
September 9920.4 12.4 62505.4 77.9
October 6387.5 8.0 68892.9 85.9
November 6437.8 8.0 75330.7 93.9
December 4856.1 6.1 80186.8 100.0
Table 3-399. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for white workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 77316.4 96.4 77316.4 96.4
Permanent 1992.1 2.5 79308.5 98.9
Fatality 878.3 1.1 80186.8 100.0
Table 3-400. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for white workers in the

Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 2870.4 3.6 2870.4 3.6
Yes 65539.2 81.7 68409.6 85.3
No 11777.2 14.7 80186.8 100.0

253


Table 3-446. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for black
and other race workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 151.9 8.0 151.9 8.0
February 0.0 0.0 151.9 8.0
March 0.0 0.0 151.9 8.0
April 0.0 0.0 151.9 8.0
May 0.0 0.0 151.9 8.0
June 0.0 0.0 151.9 8.0
July 304.8 16.1 456.7 24.1
August 0.0 0.0 456.7 24.1
September 544.6 28.7 1001.3 52.8
October 0.0 0.0 1001.3 52.8
November 0.0 0.0 1001.3 52.8
December 895.8 47.2 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-447. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for black and other race workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1706.8 90.0 1706.8 90.0
Permanent 190.3 10.0 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-448. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for black and other race
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 190.3 10.0 190.3 10.0
Yes 1390.9 73.3 1581.2 83.3
No 315.9 16.7 1897.1 100.0

Table 3-449. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for black and other race workers in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Eye 114.5 6.0 114.5 6.0
Chest/trunk 151.9 8.0 266.4 14.0
Back 354.3 18.7 620.7 32.7
Finger 333.3 17.6 954.0 50.3
Hand/wrist 943.1 49.7 1897.1 100.0

268


Table 3-303.

for male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 3237.2 4.4 3237.2 4.4
Eye 3609.4 4.9 6846.6 9.3
Chest/trunk $135.7 7.0 11982.3 16.2
Back 8588.4 11.6 20570.7 27.9
Arm/shoulder $532.3 7.5 26103.0 35.3
Finger 9063.5 12.3 35166.5 47.6
Hand/wrist 9330.6 12.6 44497.1 60.3
Leg/knee/hip 12980.6 17.6 57477.7 77.8
Toe 455.8 0.6 57933.5 78.4
Foot 7573.5 10.3 65507.0 88.7
Mult. parts 7330.3 9.9 72837.3 98.6
Other 1016.0 1.4 73853.3 100.0

Table 3-304.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 361.4 0.5 361.4 0.5
Bruise 10951.8 14.8 11313.2 15.3
Burn 314.3 0.4 11627.5 15.7
cut 13375.0 18.1 25002.5 33.9
Crush 4570.0 6.2 29572.5 40.0
Fracture 10617.9 14.4 40190.4 54.4
Puncture 4940.3 6.7 45130.7 61.1
Sprain/strain 18087.5 24.5 63218.2 85.6
Mult. injury 6310.0 8.5 69528 .2 94.1
Other 4325.1 5.9 73853 .3 100.0
Table 3-305. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1996.3 2.7 1996.3 2.7
Caught between 7691.5 10.4 9687.8 13.1
Caught under 4018.0 5.4 13705.8 18.6
Struck by/against 15382.6 20.8 29088.4 39.4
Struck by falling 3427.6 4.6 32516.0 44.0
Struck by flying 2280.4 3.1 34796.4 47.1
Contact sharp obj. 7288.4 9.9 42084.8 57.0
Fall, same level 10297.4 13.9 52382.2 70.9
Fall, elevation 8742.3 11.8 61124.5 82.8
Overexertion 6075.8 8.2 67200.3 91.0
Other 6653.0 9.0 73853.3 100.0

221


Table 3-34. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 80186.8 97.6 80186.8 97.6
Hispanic 1972.4 2.4 82159.2 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 758.8)

Table 3-35. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 4595.4 5.6 4595.4 5.6
February 1826.2 2.2 6421.6 7.8
March 1815.0 2.2 8236.6 10.0
April 7139.9 8.7 15376.5 18.7
May 7051.1 8.6 22427.6 27.3
June 11873.2 14.5 34300.8 41.7
July 11337.9 13.8 45638.7 55.5
August 8250.0 10.0 53888.7 65.6
September 10199.5 12.4 64088.2 78.0
October 6387.5 7.8 70475.7 85.8
November 6827.4 8.3 77303.1 94.1
December 4856.1 5.9 82159.2 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 758.8)

Table 3-36. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 79288 .8 96.5 79288 .8 96.5
Permanent 1992.1 2.4 81280.9 98.9
Fatality 878.3 1.1 82159.2 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 758.8)

Table 3-37. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the Midwest region
of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 3629.2 4.4 3629.2 4.4
Yes 67232.5 81.1 70861.7 85.5
No 12056.3 14.5 82918 100.0

132


Table 3-159. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 460.4 4.3 460.4 4.3
Eye 982.5 9.1 1442.9 13.4
Chest/trunk 446.0 4.1 1888.9 17.5
Back 840.4 7.8 2729.3 25.3
Arm/shoulder 749.4 7.0 3478.7 32.3
Finger 2805.9 26.0 6284.6 58.3
Hand/wrist 2031.6 18.9 8316.2 77.2
Leg/knee/hip 1279.5 11.9 9595.7 89.0
Toe 17.7 0.2 9613.4 89.2
Foot 670.1 6.2 10283.5 95.4
Mult. parts 134.2 1.2 10417.7 96.7
Other 358.6 3.3 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-160. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 203.9 1.9 203.9 1.9
Bruise 2008.9 18.6 2212.8 20.5
Cut 1843.7 17.1 4056.5 37.6
Crush 521.6 4.8 4578.1 42.5
Fracture 1386.1 12.9 5964.2 $5.3
Puncture 389.7 3.6 6353.9 59.0
Sprain/strain 2749.3 25.5 9103.2 84.5
Mult. injury 69.3 0.6 9172.5 85.1
Other 1603.8 14.9 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-161. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 236.3 2.2 236.3 2.2
Caught between 1627.6 15.1 1863.9 17.3
Caught under 239.9 2.2 2103.8 19.5
Struck by/against 976.7 9.1 3080.5 28.6
Struck by falling 551.0 5.1 3631.5 33.7
Struck by flying 818.5 7.6 4450.0 41.3
Contact sharp obj. 1491.6 13.8 5941.6 55.1
Fall, same level 926.1 8.6 6867.7 63.7
Fall, elevation 1040.2 9.7 7907.9 73.4
Overexertion 1196.7 11.1 9104.6 84.5
Other 1671.7 15.5 10776.3 100.0

173


Table 4-36. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm main. 349.9 14.1 349.9 14.1
Machine main. 229.5 9.3 579.4 23.4
Field work 92.6 3.7 672.0 27.1
Crop handling 198.5 8.0 870.5 35.1
Livestock handling 1111.3 44.9 1981.8 80.0
Other 495.4 20.0 2477.2 100.0

Table 4-37. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Colorado, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 201.4 8.1 201.4 8.1
Machinery 521.5 21.1 722.9 29.2
Livestock 533.5 21.5 1256.4 50.7
Hand tool 396.2 16.0 1652.6 66.7
Power tool 60.8 2.5 1713.4 69.2
Pesticide/chem. 46.3 1.9 1759.7 71.0
Working surface 136.9 5.5 1896.6 76.6
Truck/auto 107.1 4.3 2003.7 80.9
Other 473.5 19.1 2477.2 100.0

285


Table 4-186. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Virginia, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 134.1 3.5 134.1 3.5
February 560.0 14.8 694.1 18.3
March 185.0 4.9 879.1 23.2
April 403.2 10.7 1282.3 33.9
May 92.5 2.4 1374.8 36.3
June 152.4 4.0 1527.2 40.4
July 232.2 6.1 1759.4 46.5
August 203.9 5.4 1963.3 51.9
September 538.1 14.2 2501.4 66.1
October 704.0 18.6 3205.4 84.7
November 101.5 2.7 3306.9 87.4
December - 476.4 12.6 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-187. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3681.8 97.3 3681.8 97.3
Permanent 101.5 2.7 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-188. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Virginia, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 101.5 2.7 101.5 2.7
Yes 3232.4 85.4 3333.9 88.1
No 449.4 11.9 3783.3 100.0

335


2. Unbiased Sampling Estimator and Variance Estimator for
Regional Estimates

N,

Yreg = z = >> Mreg , Yaeg, = regional mean of the variable of interest
reg Mreg i=

Q,

M, y, n,
_ Nz. >» €eos , ( Reg N, 2 -
WF peg) = 2 (1- f,,,) 423 eT +a >i Mrog, V (Frog, )
Daeg Mpeg Reg Dreg M; ie.
= variance of Veg
where:
Vaeg, = second-stage mean for state i in region R
V (Yaeg, ) = Second-stage variance for state i in region R

Mreg , = number of farms in state i of region R
M,.g = number of farms in region R

Dgeg = Number of states sampled in region R
Nreg = Number of states in region R

DReg

rey 7 7 = finite population correction (fpc) for region R
eg

356


Table 2-121. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for family workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 10776.3 8.5 10776.3 8.5
South 27656.0 21.9 38432.3 30.4
Midwest 69990.9 55.4 108423.2 85.9
West 17865.8 14.1 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-122. National estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type
for family workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 24628.1 19.5 24628.1 19.5
Field crops 10069.0 8.0 34697.1 27.5
Veg, fruit,nuts 9108.3 7.2 43805.4 34.7
Nursery 852.6 0.7 44658.0 35.4
Beef, hogs, sheep 54893.9 43.5 99551.9 78.8
Poultry 1463.8 1.2 101015.7 80.0
Dairy 22780.2 18.0 123795.9 98.0
Other farms 2493.1 2.0 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-123. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for family workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 110028.9 87.1 110028.9 87.1
Female 16260.1 12.9 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-124. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for family workers, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 9599.7 7.6 9599.7 7.6
20-29 8775.7 6.9 18375.4 14.6
30-39 27520.5 21.8 45895.9 36.3
40-49 24408.2 19.3 70304.1 55.7
50-59 24886.5 19.7 95190.6 75.4
60-69 20154.9 16.0 115345.5 91.3
>=70 10943.5 8.7 126289.0 100.0

54


Table 2-296. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
ef the injury for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Bruise 800.0 20.3 800.0 20.3
cut 523.4 13.3 1323.4 33.6
Crush 523.6 13.3 1847.0 46.9
Fracture 752.8 19.1 2599.8 66.0
Puncture 300.0 7.6 2899.8 73.6
Sprain/strain 925.7 23.5 3825.5 97.1
Other 114.5 2.9 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-297. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 909.3 23.1 909.3 23.1
Struck by/against 742.3 18.8 1651.6 41.9
Struck by falling 385.7 9.8 2037.3 $1.7
Struck by flying 151.9 3.9 2189.2 55.6
Contact sharp obj. 300.0 7.6 2489.2 63.2
Fall, same level 828.6 21.0 3317.8 84.2
Overexertion $07.7 12.9 3825.5 97.1
Other 114.5 2.9 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-298. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative

Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 876.0 22.2 876.0 22.2
Machine maint. 1078.5 27.4 1954.5 49.6
Field work 562.5 14.3 2517.0 63.9
Crop handling 758.0 19.2 3275.0 83.1
Livestock handling 151.9 3.9 3426.9 87.0
Other 513.1 13.0 3940.0 100.0

108


Table 2-184. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for female workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1453.3 7.5 1453.3 7.5
Machine maint. 1272.9 6.5 2726.2 14.0
Field work 5012.4 25.7 7738.6 39.7
Crop handling 1906.3 9.8 9644.9 49.5
Livestock handling 8057.7 41.4 17702.6 90.9
Other 1776.8 9.1 19479.4 100.0

Table 2-185. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for female workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 732.8 3.8 732.8 3.8
Machinery 1722.0 8.8 2454.8 12.6
Livestock 5860.5 30.1 8315.3 42.7
Hand tool 1171.5 6.0 9486.8 48.7
Pesticide/chem. 431.9 2.2 9918.7 50.9
Plant/tree 1425.9 7.3 11344.6 58.2
Working surface 1012.1 5.2 12356.7 63.4
Truck/auto $01.4 2.6 12858.1 66.0
Other vehicle 426.1 2.2 13284.2 68.2
Other 6195.2 31.8 19479.4 100.0

72


Table 4-108. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

injured for the State of Missouri, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 693.5 15.2 693.5 15.2
Machine maint. 275.0 6.0 968.5 21.3
Field work 689.5 15.1 1658.0 36.4
Crop handling 685.5 15.1 2343.5 $1.5
Livestock handling 1190.8 26.1 3534.3 77.6
Other 1020.4 22.4 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-109. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury

for the State of Missouri, 1993.
Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 685.5 15.1 685.5 15.1
Machinery 414.5 9.1 1100.0 24.2
Livestock 484.9 10.6 1584.9 34.8
Hand tool 275.0 6.0 1859.9 40.8
Power tool 139.5 3.1 1999.4 43.9
Pesticide/chem. 135.5 3.0 2134.9 46.9
Plant/tree 345.4 7.6 2480.3 54.5
Working surface 410.5 9.0 2890.8 63.5
Truck/auto 554.0 12.2 3444.8 75.6
Liquids 135.5 3.0 3580.3 78.6
Other 974.4 21.4 4554.7 100.0

309


Table 2-21. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for cash grain operations, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 28267.0 97.8 28267.0 97.8
Hispanic 338.1 1.2 28605.1 98.9
Black 306.8 1.1 28911.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-22. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
cash grain operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
January 620.6 2.1 620.6 2.1
February 727.2 2.5 1347.8 4.7
March 877.5 3.0 2225.3 7.7
April 4043.9 14.0 6269.2 21.7
May 2720.4 9.4 8989.6 31.1
June 4884.2 16.9 13873.8 48.0
July 3212.9 11.1 17086.7 59.1
August 2604.5 9.0 19691.2 68.1
September 3972.1 13.7 23663.3 81.8
October 2669.3 9.2 26332.6 91.1
November 657.7 2.3 26990.3 93.4
December 1921.6 6.6 28911.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-23. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for cash grain operations, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 27399.8 94.8 27399.8 94.8
Permanent 1337.3 4.6 28737.1 99.4
Fatality 174.8 0.6 28911.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-24. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for cash grain
operations, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1686.9 5.8 1686.9 5.8
Yes 23473.0 80.7 25159.9 86.5
No 3926.8 13.5 29086.7 100.0

24


Table 4-192. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 870.0 23.0 870.0 23.0
Machine maint. 161.4 4.3 1031.4 27.3
Field work 518.5 13.7 1549.9 41.0
Crop handling 632.7 16.7 2182.6 57.7
Livestock handling 1600.7 42.3 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-193. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 84.1 2.2 84.1 2.2
Machinery 687.3 18.2 771.4 20.4
Livestock 866.5 22.9 1637.9 43.3
Hand tool 254.3 6.7 1892.2 50.0
Power tool 92.5 2.4 1984.7 52.5
Plant/tree 134.1 3.5 2118.8 56.0
Working surface 618.4 16.3 2737.2 72.3
Truck/auto 59.9 1.6 2797.1 73.9
Other 986.2 26.1 3783.3 100.0

337


Table 2-241. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2675.0 8.8 2675.0 8.8
Machinery 2409.0 7.9 5084.0 16.8
Livestock 9933.6 32.7 15017.6 49.5
Hand tool 2094.0 6.9 17111.6 56.4
Power tool 670.5 2.2 17782.1 58.6
Plant/tree 1611.5 5.3 19393.6 63.9
Working surface 2845.7 9.4 22239.3 73.3
Truck/auto 241.4 0.8 22480.7 74.1
Other vehicle 576.1 1.9 23056.8 76.0
Other 7283.9 24.0 30340.7 100.0

90




Table 1-1. Primary (States) and secondary (Farms) sample units
for the TISF Surveillance System.

Primary Secondary
Units (States) Units (Farms)
Alabama 47,000
Alaska, Washington 44,000
Arizona 8,100
Arkansas 48,000
California 84,000
Colorado 27,000
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts 11,670
Delaware, Maryland 18,600
Florida 41,000
Georgia 48,000
Hawaii 4,650
Idaho 22,100
Tllinois 83,000
Indiana 71,000
Iowa 105,000
Louisiana 34,000
Kansas 69,000
Kentucky 95,000
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont 16,800
Michigan 55,000
Minnesota 90,000
Mississippi 41,000
Missouri 109,000
Montana, Wyoming 33,600
Nebraska 57,000
Nevada, Utah 15,500
New Jersey 8,300
New Mexico 14,000
New York 39,000
North Carolina 65,000
North Dakota 33,500
Ohio 86,000
Oklahoma 70,000
Oregon 37,000
Pennsylvania 54,000
South Carolina 25,500
South Dakota 35,000
Tennessee 91,000
Texas 186,000
Virginia 47,000
West Virginia 21,000

Wisconsin 81,000


Table 2-186. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 8820.0 68.5 8820.0 68.5
Partner/family 779.7 6.1 9599.7 74.6
Hired labor 2755.1 21.4 12354.8 96.0
Unpaid nonfamily 518.6 4.0 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-187. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 11487.2 89.2 11487 .2 89.2
Female 1386.2 10.8 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-188. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or

ethnic origin for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 11872.1 92.2 11872.1 92.2
Hipanic 811.0 6.3 12683.1 98.5
American Indian 190.3 1.5 12873.4 100.0

Table 2-189. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 10-19 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 209.5 1.6 209.5 1.6
February 0.0 0.0 209.5 1.6
March 186.6 1.4 396.1 3.1
April 390.1 3.0 786.2 6.1
May 804.0 6.2 1590.2 12.4
June 3937.6 30.6 $527.8 42.9
July 1722.8 13.4 7250.6 56.3
August 3969.0 30.8 11219.6 87.2
September 933.5 7.3 12153.1 94.4
October 0.0 0.0 12153.1 94.4
November 720.3 5.6 12873.4 100.0
December 0.0 0.0 12873.4 100.0

73


Table 2-208. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 23979.8 48.2 23979.8 48.2
Partner/family 3540.7 7.1 27520.5 55.3
Hired labor 21724.3 3.6 49244.8 98.9
Unpaid nonfamily 271.0 0.5 49515.8 99.4
Other 279.8 0.6 49795.6 100.0

Table 2-209. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 44834.3 90.0 44834.3 90.0
Female 4961.3 10.0 49795 .6 100.0

Table 2-210. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 35302.5 70.9 35302.5 10.9
Hipanic 13735.1 27.6 49037.6 98.5
Black 567.7 1.1 49605.3 99.6
Other 190.3 0.4 49795.6 100.0

Table 2-211. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2643.5 5.3 2643.5 5.3
February 2381.9 4.8 5025.4 10.1
March 2135.6 4.3 7161.0 14.4
April 4796.2 9.6 11957.2 24.0
May 2525.0 5.1 14482.2 29.1
June 5525.8 11.1 20008.0 40.2
July 8302.9 16.7 28310.9 56.9
August 2785.2 5.6 31096.1 62.4
September 5766.7 11.6 36862.8 74,0
October 2739.4 5.5 39602.2 79.5
November 5285.3 10.6 44887.5 90.1
December 4908.1 9.9 49795.6 100.0

79


Table 3-308. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 648.4 7.6 648.4 7.6
Field crops 130.0 1.5 778.4 9.2
Veg, fruit,nuts 177.9 2.1 956.3 11.3
Nursery 33.3 0.4 989.6 11.7
Beef, hogs, sheep 3477.9 41.0 4467.5 52.7
Poultry 80.0 0.9 4547.5 53.6
Dairy 3293.2 38.8 7840.7 92.5
Other farms 640.0 7.5 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-309. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for female workers in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 8260.8 97.4 8260.8 97.4
Hired 219.9 2.6 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-310. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1010.1 11.9 1010.1 11.9
20-29 61.2 0.7 1071.3 12.6
30-39 2159.4 25.5 3230.7 38.1
40-49 2922.4 34.5 6153.1 72.6
50-59 2327.6 27.4 8480.7 100.0

Table 3-311. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for female workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 8480.7 100.0 8480.7 100.0

223


Table 4-201. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 252.1 6.2 252.1 6.2
Eye 1091.6 27.0 1343.7 33.2
Chest/trunk 196.6 4.9 1540.3 38.1
Back 504.2 12.5 2044.5 50.5
Arm/shoulder 206.3 5.1 2250.8 55.6
Finger 134.5 3.3 2385.3 59.0
Hand/wrist 180.3 4.5 2565.6 63.4
Leg/knee/hip 349.2 8.6 2914.7 72.0
Foot. 361.5 8.9 3276.2 81.0
Mult. parts 118.8 2.9 3395.0 83.9
Other 651.1 16.1 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-202. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 432.4 10.7 432.4 10.7
Burn 168.8 4.2 601.2 14.9
cut 1428.3 35.3 2029.5 50.2
Crush 49.7 1.2 2079.2 51.4
Fracture 252.1 6.2 2331.3 57.6
Puncture 45.8 1.1 2377.1 58.8
Sprain/strain 1445.0 35.7 3822.1 94.5
Mult. injury 118.8 2.9 3940.9 97.4
Other 105.2 2.6 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-203. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 184.2 4.6 184.2 4.6
Caught under 59.4 1.5 243.6 6.0
Struck by/against 1164.6 28.8 1408.2 34.8
Struck by falling 146.9 3.6 1555.1 38.4
Struck by flying 101.1 2.5 1656.2 40.9
Contact sharp obj. 45.8 1.1 1702.0 42.1
Fall, same level 428.3 10.6 2130.3 52.7
Fall, elevation 385.4 9.5 2515.7 62.2
Overexertion 1109.5 27.4 3625.2 89.6
Other 420.9 10.4 4046.1 100.0

340


Table 4-122. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 961.8 45.2 961.8 45.2
Partner/family 337.5 15.9 1299.3 61.0
Hired labor 622.2 29.2 1921.5 90.3
Unpaid nonfamily 207.5 9.7 2129.0 100.0

Table 4-123. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of North Carolina, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 2129.0 100.0 2129.0 100.0
Table 4-124. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of North Carolina, 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 112.5 5.3 112.5 5.3
20-29 476.8 22.4 589.3 27.7
30-39 524.7 24.6 1114.0 52.3
40-49 353.6 16.6 1467.6 68.9
50-59 132.5 6.2 1600.1 75.2
60-69 274.2 12.9 1874.3 88.0
>=70 254.7 12.0 2129.0 100.0
Table 4-125. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for the State of North Carolina, 1993.
Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 1689.3 79.3 1689.3 719.3
Hispanic 337.5 15.9 2026.8 95.2
Black 102.2 4.8 2129.0 100.0

314


Executive Summary

The Traumatic Injury Surveillance of Farmers (TISF) survey project
is the first national surveillance project in over 15 years to
provide injury data for the entire agricultural production
industry (i.e., farms). These data provide sufficient detail to
target both specific farm types and farm workers at high risk of
work injuries. This document summarizes nonfatal lost-time work
injury estimates for the agricultural production industry for

1993.

Major findings from the 1993 TISF include:

»

An estimated total of 201,081 lost-time work injuries
occurred on U.S.farms in 1993. This represents an incidence
rate for all farming operations of 6.5 injuries/200,000 hours
worked (200,000 hours is equivalent to 100 full-time
workers) .

The highest injury rates were associated with specialty
livestock operations, such as horse farms and fur farms (12
injuries/200,000 hours worked), followed by beef, hog, or
sheep operations (8.2 injuries/200,000 hours worked),
miscellaneous farming operations (7.9 injuries/200,000 hours
worked), and nursery operations (7.3 injuries/200,000 hours
worked) .

The greatest number of injuries were in beef, hog, or sheep
operations (31.1%), followed by dairy operations (18.5%),
vegetable, fruit, or nut operations (16.2%) and cash grain
operations (14.5%).

The leading causes of lost-time work injuries on farms were
livestock (18.1%), machinery, excluding farm tractors
(17.2%), and hand tools (11.4%). Farm tractors accounted for
5.5% of these nonfatal injuries.

The injuries typically occurred to the workers’ leg, knee, or
hip (15.2%), back (15.0%), finger (12.1%), or their hands or
wrist (11.8%).

Sprains and strains (25.6%) accounted for the largest number
of lost-time injuries, followed by lacerations (18.7%),
fractures (15.2%), and bruises (13.8%).

Farm operators and their family members accounted for most of
the injuries (62.9%) reported in the TISF.

Injured workers were usually male (90.3%), and the race or
ethnic origin of the worker was typically white (76.23).

Hispanics accounted for the second highest number of injuries
(21.8%).


Table 4-126. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of North Carolina, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 95.0 4.5 95.0 4.5
February 139.3 6.5 234.3 11.0
March 316.1 14.8 550.4 25.9
April 172.4 8.1 722.8 34.0
May 102.2 4.8 825.0 38.8
June 139.3 6.5 964.3 45.3
July 222.9 10.5 1187.2 55.8
August 450.0 21.1 1637.2 76.9
September 85.1 4.0 1722.3 80.9
October 101.8 4.8 1824.1 85.7
November 139.3 6.5 1963.4 92.2
December 165.6 7.8 2129.0 100.0

Table 4-127. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1956.6 91.9 1956.6 91.9
Permanent 172.4 8.1 2129.0 100.0

Table 4-128. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of North
Carolina, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 172.4 8.1 172.4 8.1
Yes 1844.1 86.6 2016.5 94.7
No 112.5 5.3 2129.0 100.0

315


Table 2-292.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by month

for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 151.9 3.9 151.9 3.9
February 0.0 0.0 151.9 3.9
March 266.1 6.8 418.0 10.6
April 0.0 0.0 418.0 10.6
May 153.4 3.9 571.4 14.5
June 0.0 0.0 571.4 14.5
July 458.2 11.6 1029.6 26.1
August 0.0 0.0 1029.6 26.1
September 1068.0 27.1 2097.6 53.2
October a) 0.0 2097.6 53.2
November 0.0 0.0 2097.6 53.2
December 1842.4 46.8 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-293.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3749.7 95.2 3749.7 95.2
Permanent 190.3 4.8 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-294.

professional medical attention was sought for black workers and

National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

workers of other races, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 190.3 4.8 190.3 4.8
Yes 2787.2 70.7 2977.5 75.6
No 962.5 24.4 3940.0 100.0
Table 2-295. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Eye $13.1 13.0 $13.1 13.0
Chest/trunk 151.9 3.9 665.0 16.9
Back 927.2 23.5 1592.2 40.4
Finger 458.1 11.6 2050.3 52.0
Hand/wrist 1204.0 30.6 3254.3 82.6
Leg/knee/hip 300.0 7.6 3554.3 90.2
Foot 385.7 9.8 3940.0 100.0

107


Table 4-198. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 193.9 4.8 193.9 4.8
February 101.1 2.5 295.0 7.3
March 252.1 6.2 547.1 13.5
April 248.0 6.1 795.1 19.7
May 1000.0 24.7 1795.1 44.4
June 436.5 10.8 2231.6 55.2
duly 440.7 10.9 2672.3 66.0
August 246.5 6.1 2918.8 72.1
September 269.9 6.7 3188.7 78.8
October 45.8 1.1 3234.5 79.9
November 550.0 13.6 3784.5 93.5
December 261.6 6.5 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-199. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3751.1 92.7 3751.1 92.7
Permanent 295.0 7.3 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-200. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the States of
Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 295.0 71.3 295.0 7.3
Yes 2779.0 68.7 3074.0 76.0
No 972.1 24.0 4046.1 100.0

339


Table 2-201.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 37655.1 39.3 37655.1 99.3
Permanent 271.0 0.7 37926.1 100.0

Table 2-202. National estimates of lost~time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for workers 20-29 years

of age, 1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 271.0 0.7 271.0 0.7
Yes 34407.3 90.7 34678 .3 91.4
No 3247.8 8.6 37926.1 100.0
Table 2-203. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1277.9 3.4 1277.9 3.4
Eye 6323.5 16.7 7601.4 20.0
Chest/trunk 4301.6 11.3 11903.0 31.4
Back 6831.8 18.0 18734.8 49.4
Arm/shoulder 1632.6 4.3 20367.4 53.7
Finger 5374.2 14.2 25741.6 67.9
Hand/wrist 3307.2 8.7 29048.8 76.6
Leg/knee/hip 2481.2 6.5 31530.0 83.1
Toe 566.2 1.5 32096.2 84.6
Foot 4155.9 11.0 36252.1 95.6
Mult. parts 529.7 1.4 36781.8 97.0
Other 1144.3 3.0 37926.1 100.0
Table 2-204. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature

of the injury for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 5995.3 15.8 5995.3 15.8
Burn 1461.3 3.9 7456.6 19.7
cut 9700.7 25.6 17157.3 45.2
Crush 1871.0 4.9 19028.3 50.2
Fracture 2104.8 5.5 21133.1 55.7
Puncture 1279.2 3.4 22412.3 59.1
Sprain/strain 11527.8 30.4 33940.1 89.5
Mult. injury 296.8 0.8 34236.9 90.3
Other 3689.2 9.7 37926.1 100.0

77


Table 3-192. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for hired
workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 494.5 3.1 494.5 3.1
February 1176.1 7.3 1670.6 10.4
March 266.1 1.7 1936.7 12.1
April 1684.3 10.5 3621.0 22.6
May 1317.9 8.2 4938.9 30.8
June 2351.0 14.7 7289.9 45.5
July 1058.7 6.6 8348.6 52.1
August 1963.7 12.3 10312.3 64.4
September 1143.5 7.41 11455.8 71.5
October 3037.3 19.0 14493.1 90.5
November 701.0 4.4 15194.1 94.9
December 821.8 5.1 16015.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-193. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 14508.0 89.8 14508.0 89.8
Permanent 1284.1 7.9 15792.1 97.7
Fatality 372.6 2.3 16164.7 100.0

Table 3-194. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for hired workers in the
Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1656.7 10.2 1656.7 10.2
Yes 13918.7 86.1 15575.4 96.4
No 589.3 3.6 16164.7 100.0

184


Table 2-280. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month

for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2534.5 5.8 2534.5 5.8
February 700.1 1.6 3234.6 7.4
March 2207.6 5.0 5442.2 12.4
April 1672.9 3.8 7115.1 16.3
May 1310.9 3.0 8426.0 19.3
June 6100.2 13.9 14526.2 33.2
July 7085.7 16.2 21611.9 49.4
August 8165.9 18.7 29777.8 68.1
September 2850.5 6.5 32628 .3 74.6
October 5811.0 13.3 38439.3 87.9
November 4972.7 11.4 43412.0 99.2
December 330.1 0.8 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-281. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for Hispanic workers, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 43283.9 99.0 43283.9 99.0
Permanent 458.2 1.0 43742.1 100.0

Table 2-282. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for Hispanic workers,

1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Reguired Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 458.2 1.0 458.2 1.0
Yes 37812.1 86.4 38270.3 87.5
No 5471.8 12.5 43742.1 100.0

103


Table 2-235. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 28368.0 93.5 28368.0 93.5
Permanent 1972.7 6.5 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-236. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for workers 50-59 years
of age, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1972.7 6.5 1972.7 6.5
Yes 25391.2 83.7 27363.9 90.2
No 2976.8 9.8 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-237. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1785.2 5.9 1785.2 5.9
Eye 2855.8 9.4 4641.0 15.3
Chest/trunk 3583.3 11.8 8224.3 27.1
Back 2762.0 9.1 10986.3 36.2
Arm/shoulder 2246.4 7.4 13232.7 43.6
Finger 2763.0 9.1 15995.7 $2.7
Hand/wrist 4754.7 15.7 20750.4 68.4
Leg/knee/hip 5877.5 19.4 26627.9 87.8
Toe 64.0 0.2 26691.9 88.0
Foot 622.4 2.1 27314.3 90.0
Mult. parts 2072.8 6.8 29387.1 96.9
Other 953.6 3.1 30340.7 100.0

88


Table 3-168.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for hired
workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 36.1 1.0 36.1 1.0
April 696.5 19.8 732.6 20.8
May 206.6 5.9 939.2 26.7
June 156.1 4.4 1095.3 31.1
July 1395.6 39.6 2490.9 70.7
August 459.9 13.1 2950.8 83.8
September 414.6 11.8 3365.4 95.6
October 156.1 4.4 3521.5 100.0
November 156.1 4.4 3521.5 100.0
December 156.1 4.4 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-169.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the

injury for hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,

1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3301.5 93.8 3301.5 93.8
Permanent 220.0 6.2 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-170.

Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for hired workers in the

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 220.0 6.2 220.0 6.2
Yes 3232.2 91.8 3452.2 98.0
No 69.3 2.0 3521.5 100.0

176


Table 3-176. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
family workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 2178.4 7.9 2178.4 7.9
Field crops 3702.2 13.4 5880.6 21.3
Veg, fruit, nuts 1860.0 6.7 7740.6 28.0
Nursery 148.8 0.5 7889.4 28.5
Beef, hogs, sheep 17594.3 63.6 25483.7 92.1
Poultry 670.7 2.4 26154.4 94.6
Dairy 404.6 1.5 26559.0 96.0
Other farms 1097.0 4.0 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-177. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for family

workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 23594.5 85.3 23594.5 85.3
Female 4061.5 14.7 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-178. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
family workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 318.8 1.2 318.8 1.2
20-29 915.0 3.3 1233.8 4.5
30-39 4496.8 16.3 5730.6 20.7
40-49 5497.3 19.9 11227.9 40.6
50-59 6101.8 22.1 17329.7 62.7
60-69 6143.5 22.2 23473.2 84.9
>=70 4182.8 15.1 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-179. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for family workers in the Southern region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 27270.3 98.6 27270.3 98.6
American Indian 385.7 1.4 27656.0 100.0

179


Table 2-129. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for family workers, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 5756.4 4.6 5756.4 4.6
Eye 5305.2 4.2 11061.6 8.8
Chest/trunk 9303.2 7.4 20364.8 16.1
Back 14365.4 11.4 34730.2 27.5
Arm/shoulder 10792.3 8.5 45522.5 36.0
Finger 15357.0 12.2 60879.5 48.2
Hand/wrist 16143.1 12.8 77022.6 61.0
Leg/knee/hip 24942.0 19.7 101964.6 80.7
Toe 983.7 0.8 102948 .3 81.5
Foot 11784.1 9.3 114732.4 90.8
Mult. parts 9635.3 7.6 124367.7 98.5
Other 1921.3 1.5 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-130. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for family workers, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 967.6 0.8 967.6 0.8
Bruise 15431.5 12.2 16399.1 13.0
Burn 879.3 0.7 17278.4 13.7
cut 23339.6 18.5 40618.0 32.2
Crush 9802.0 7.8 50420.0 39.9
Fracture 24156.6 19.1 74576.6 59.1
Poisoning 356.5 0.3 74933.1 59.3
Puncture 6594.2 5.2 81527.3 64.6
Sprain/strain 26236.9 20.8 107764.2 85.3
Mult. injury 10446.0 8.3 118210.2 93.6
Other 8078.8 6.4 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-131. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for family workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 3031.8 2.4 3031.8 2.4
Caught between 11858.6 9.4 14890.4 11.8
Caught under 6730.3 5.3 21620.7 17.1
Struck by/against 28410.8 22.5 $0031.5 39.6
Struck by falling 6429.5 5.1 $6461.0 44.7
Struck by flying 5490.7 4.3 61951.7 49.1
Contact sharp obj. 13793.9 10.9 75745.6 60.0
Fall, same level 17821.1 14.1 93566.7 74.1
Fall, elevation 13859.1 11.0 107425.8 85.1
Overexertion 9446.0 7.5 116871.8 92.5
Other 9417.2 7.5 126289.0 100.0

56


Table 2-116. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body
part injured for other farming operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 469.9 8.1 469.9 8.1
Chest/trunk 412.5 7.1 882.4 15.1
Back 360.9 6.2 1243.3 21.3
Arm/shoulder 457.1 7.8 1700.4 29.2
Hand/wrist 1664.8 28.6 3365.2 57.7
Leg/knee/hip 778.9 13.4 4144.1 71.1
Foot 267.2 4.6 4411.3 75.7
Mult. parts 44.3 0.8 4455.6 76.4
Other 1375.0 23.6 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-117. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for other farming operations, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 753.6 12.9 753.6 12.9
cut 1984.8 34.0 2738.4 47.0
Fracture 1024.4 17.6 3762.8 64.5
Puncture 320.8 5.5 4083.6 70.0
Sprain/strain 1681.9 28.8 5765.5 98.9
Mult. injury 44.3 0.8 5809.8 99.6
Other 20.8 0.4 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-118. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for other farming operations, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 44.3 0.8 44.3 0.8
Struck by/against 1298.2 22.3 1342.5 23.0
Contact sharp obj. 1504.7 25.8 2847.2 48.8
Fall, same level 703.5 12.1 3550.7 60.9
Fall, elevation 809.3 13.9 4360.0 74.8
Overexertion 1415.9 24.3 5775.9 99.1
Other 54.7 0.9 5830.6 100.0

52


Table 2-2. National estimates of injuries, restricted workdays, injury rate per 200,000
hours worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked by type of farming
operation and status of the injuried worker, 1993.

Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
Lost-time Restricted Lost-time Restricted
Farm Type Status Injuries Workdays Injury Rate Workdays Rate
Cash grain Family 24628.1 464547.4 6.9 129.5
Hired 3723.4 12655.1 3.1 10.6
Field crops Family 10069.0 152951.8 4.8 73.5
Hired 6996.2 53972.8 4.0 30.0
Veg, fruit, nuts Family 9108.3 176766.9 6.8 132.4
Hired 23519.7 377076.9 4.9 78.1
Nursery Family 852.6 18462.1 1.7 36.0
Hired 13756.1 104431.8 9.2 70.2
Beef,hogs,sheep Family 54893.9 1109726.2 9.5 191.1
Hired 7171.8 33376.9 3.9 18.3
Poultry Family 1463.8 $9369.5 3.9 157.4
Hired 618.3 6325.8 2.5 26.0
Dairy Family 22780.2 359216.4 5.7 89.6
Hired 13689.0 84776.4 7.8 48.5
Other livestock Family 2493.1 26878.7 11.4 122.8
Hired 1001.5 2187.5 13.0 43.1
Other farms Family 72.9 2187.5 0.5 14.8
Hired 2291.7 5041.7 15.0 33.0
All Farms Family 126289.0 2129199.5 7.0 132.2
Hired 72717.7 926742.0 5.5 51.6


Table 3-332. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 250.0 8.2 250.0 8.2
Field crops 190.3 6.3 440.3 14.5
Veg, fruit, nuts 919.6 30.3 1359.9 44.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 649.1 21.4 2009.0 66.2
Poultry 562.5 18.5 2571.5 84.8
Dairy 194.4 6.4 2765.9 91.2
Other farms 267.2 8.8 3033.1 100.0

Table 3-333. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for female workers in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 1915.3 63.1 1915.3 63.1
Hired 1117.8 36.9 3033.1 100.0
Table 3-334. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for

female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 114.5 3.8 114.5 3.8
30-39 1093.3 36.0 1207.8 39.8
40-49 1018.3 33.6 2226.1 73.4
50-59 244.5 8.1 2470.6 81.5
60-69 562.5 18.5 3033.1 100.0
Table 3-335.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 1551.0 $1.1 1551.0 $1.1
Hispanic 919.6 30.3 2470.6 81.5
Asian 562.5 18.5 3033.1 100.0

231


Table 2-82. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of
the U.S. for poultry operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 150.6 7.2 150.6 7.2
South 955.7 45.9 1106.3 53.1
Midwest . 80.0 3.8 1186.3 57.0
West 895.8 43.0 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-83. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for poultry operations, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 1463.8 70.3 1463.8 70.3
Hired labor 333.3 16.0 1797.1 86.3
Unpaid nonfamily 285.0 13.7 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-84. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for poultry operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 1411.8 67.8 1411.8 67.8
Female 670.3 32.2 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-85. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group
for poultry operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
30-39 285.0 13.7 285.0 13.7
40-49 483.9 23.2 768.9 36.9
50-59 365.0 17.5 1133.9 54.5
60-69 948.2 45.5 2082.1 100.0

Table 2-86. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for poultry operations, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 800.6 38.5 800.6 38.5
Asian 562.5 27.0 1363.1 65.5
American Indian 385.7 18.5 1748.8 84.0
Other 333.3 16.0 2082.1 100.0

43


Table 3-437. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency | Percent
Head/neck 1932.2 5.5 1932.2 5.5
Eye 3809.4 10.9 5741.6 16.4
Chest/trunk 4383.2 12.5 10124.8 28.8
Back 10584.9 30.2 20709.7 $9.0
Arm/shoulder 3619.5 10.3 24329.2 69.3
Finger 3736.6 10.6 28065.8 79.9
Hand/wrist 2032.6 5.8 30098.4 85.7
Leg/knee/hip 1861.7 5.3 31960.1 91.0
Toe 194.4 0.6 32154.5 91.6
Foot 954.4 2.7 33108.9 94.3
Mult. parts 46.3 0.1 33155.2 94.4
Other 1951.1 5.6 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-438. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 5002.6 14.2 5002.6 14.2
Burn 1034.5 2.9 6037.1 17.2
cut 4388.4 12.5 10425.5 29.7
Crush 809.8 2.3 11235.3 32.0
Fracture 1577.3 4.5 12812.6 36.5
Puncture 1149.0 3.3 13961.6 39.8
Sprain/strain 16939.2 48.3 30900.8 88.0
Other 4205.5 12.0 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-439. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 610.1 1.7 610.1 1.7
Caught between 1228.7 3.5 1838.8 5.2
Caught under 1080.8 3.1 2919.6 8.3
Struck by/against 1234.5 3.5 4154.1 11.8
Struck by falling 1457.0 4.2 5611.1 16.0
Struck by flying 671.8 1.9 6282.9 17.9
Contact sharp obj. 5144.4 14.7 11427.3 32.6
Fall, same level 2931.9 8.4 14359.2 40.9
Fall, elevation 1478.3 4.2 15837.5 45.1
Overexertion 11980.2 34.1 27817.7 79.2
Other 7288.6 20.8 35106.3 100.0

265


Table 4-121. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for the State of New Jersey, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 25.1 4.2 25.1 4.2
Machinery 106.0 17.9 131.1 22.1
Livestock 111.8 18.9 242.9 41.0
Plant/tree 82.3 13.9 325.2 $4.9
Working surface 145.3 24.5 470.5 79.4
Truck/auto 18.6 3.1 489.1 82.6
Other 103.3 17.4 $92.4 100.0

313


Table 2-99. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for dairy operations, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 31144.0 85.2 31144.0 85.2
Hispanic 5394.5 14.8 36538.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-100. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for dairy operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3308.1 9.1 3308.1 9.1
February 1556.6 4.3 4864.7 13.3
March 2022.8 5.5 6887.5 18.8
April 2507.0 6.9 9394.5 25.7
May 1962.9 5.4 11357.4 31.1
June 5010.2 13.7 16367.6 44.8
July 5256.8 14.4 21624.4 59.2
August 3828.8 10.5 25453.2 69.7
September 3626.8 9.9 29080.0 79.6
October 1106.1 3.0 30186.1 82.6
November 4199.3 11.5 34385.4 94.1
December 2153.1 5.9 36538.5 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-101. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for dairy operations, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 34593.5 94.7 34593.5 94.7
Permanent 1945.0 5.3 36538.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 2-102. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for dairy operations,
1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 2529.0 6.8 2529.0 6.8
Yes 28605.6 77.1 31134.6 83.9
No 5987.9 16.1 37122.5 100.0

47


Table 3-410. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 772.0 39.1 772.0 39.1
February 281.0 14.2 1053.0 53.4
March 0.0 0.0 1053.0 53.4
April 0.0 0.0 1053.0 53.4
May 0.0 0.0 1053.0 53.4
June 0.0 0.0 1053.0 53.4
July 250.7 12.7 1303.7 66.1
August 0.0 0.0 1303.7 66.1
September 279.1 14.2 1582.8 80.2
October 0.0 0.0 1582.8 80.2
November 389.6 19.8 1972.4 100.0
December 0.0 0.0 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-411. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1972.4 100.0 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-412. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for Hispanic workers in
the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 1693.3 85.8 1693.3 85.8
No 279.1 14.2 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-413. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 188.7 9.6 188.7 9.6
Chest/trunk 120.7 6.1 309.4 15.7
Back 279.1 14.2 588.5 29.8
Finger 222.3 11.3 810.8 41.1
Hand/wrist 772.0 39.1 1582.8 80.2
Leg/knee/hip 389.6 19.8 1972.4 100.0

257


Table 2-197. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 6533.1 17.2 6533.1 17.2
Partner/family 2242.6 5.9 8775.7 23.1
Hired labor 28093.1 74.1 36868.8 97.2
Unpaid nonfamily 557.5 1.5 37426.3 98.7
Other 499.8 1.3 37926.1 100.0

Table 2-198. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 36843.1 97.1 36843.1 97.1
Female 1083.0 2.9 37926.1 100.0

Table 2-199. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 20579.6 $4.3 20579.6 $4.3
Hipanic 16365.9 43.2 36945.5 97.4
Black 430.1 1.1 37375.6 98.5
American Indian 398.6 1.1 37774.2 99.6
Other 151.9 0.4 37926.1 100.0

Table 2-200. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 20-29 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1334.8 3.5 1334.8 3.5
February 281.5 0.7 1616.3 4.3
March 1429.6 3.8 3045.9 8.0
April 1677.8 4.4 4723.7 12.5
May 6042.1 15.9 10765.8 28.4
June 5674.9 15.0 16440.7 43.4
July 2720.1 7.2 19160.8 50.5
August 9571.6 25.3 28732.4 75.8
September 3241.4 8.6 31973.8 84.4
October 3701.6 9.8 35675.4 94.1
November 744.6 2.0 36420.0 96.1
December 1485.3 3.9 37905.3 100.0
{Frequency Missing = 20.8)

76


Table 4-78. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 83.2 4.3 83.2 4.3
March 61.9 3.2 145.1 7.5
April 0.0 0.0 145.1 7.5
May 335.8 17.3 480.9 24.8
dune 182.9 9.4 663.8 34.2
duly 434.8 22.4 1098.6 56.7
August 83.2 4.3 1181.8 61.0
September 318.4 16.4 1500.1 77.4
October 205.8 10.6 1705.9 88.0
November 74.7 3.9 1780.6 91.9
December 157.9 8.1 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-79. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1896.8 97.9 896.8 97.9
Permanent 41.6 2.1 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-80. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was required for the States of
Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 41.6 2.1 41.6 2.1
Yes 1544.3 79.7 1585.9 81.8
No 352.5 18.2 1938.4 100.0

299


Table 4-118. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the State of New Jersey, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 107.2 18.1 107.1 18.1
cut 57.5 9.7 164.6 27.8
Crush 38.9 6.6 203.5 34.3
Fracture 180.6 30.5 384.2 64.8
Sprain/strain 197.7 33.4 581.8 98.2
Other 10.6 1.8 592.4 100.0

Table 4-119. Estimates of lost-time injuries by the type of
injury event for the State of New Jersey, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 38.9 6.6 38.9 6.6
Caught between 38.9 6.6 77.8 13.1
Caught under 10.6 1.8 88.4 14.9
Struck by/against 121.7 20.5 210.1 35.5
Struck by falling 38.9 6.6 249.0 42.0
Struck by flying 23.9 4.0 272.9 46.1
Contact sharp obj. 23.9 4.0 296.8 50.1
Fall, same level 94.4 15.9 391.2 66.0
Fall, elevation 50.4 8.5 441.7 74.6
Overexertion 110.9 18.7 552.6 93.3
Other 39.9 6.7 592.4 100.0

Table 4-120. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for the State of New Jersey, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm main. 77.8 13.1 77.8 13.1
Machine main. 66.4 11.2 144.2 24.3
Field work 138.2 23.3 282.4 47.7
Crop handling 170.9 28.8 453.3 76.5
Livestock handling 122.4 20.7 575.8 97.2
Other 16.7 2.8 592.4 100.0

312


Table 3-54. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent.
Farm maint. 7558.7 12.7 7858.7 12.7
Machine maint. 7914.1 13.3 15472.8 25.9
Field work 14686.3 24.6 30159.1 50.5
Crop handling 5466.5 9.2 35625.6 59.7
Livestock handling 8418.6 14.1 44044.2 73.8
Other 15661.9 26.2 59706.1 100.0

Table 3-55. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 583.9 1.0 583.9 1.0
Machinery 8186.6 13.7 8770.5 14.7
Livestock 7338.3 12.3 16108.8 27.0
Hand tool 9215.0 15.4 25323.8 42.4
Power tool 2486.1 4.2 27809.9 46.6
Pesticide/chem. 230.3 0.4 28040.2 47.0
Plant/tree 4426.5 7.4 32466.7 54.4
Working surface 4040.6 6.8 36507.3 61.1
Truck/auto 1016.6 1.7 37523.9 62.8
Other vehicle 1034.3 1.7 38558.2 64.6
Liquids 734.4 1.2 39292.6 65.8
Other 20413.5 34.2 59706.1 100.0

138


Table 3-30. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for the

Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 23691.5 28.6 23691.5 28.6
Field crops 3309.7 4.0 27001.2 32.6
Veg, fruit,nuts 1759.2 2.1 28760.4 34.7
Nursery 1749.5 2.1 30509.9 36.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 30840.5 37.2 61350.4 74.0
Poultry 80.0 0.1 61430.4 74.1
Dairy 20847.6 25.1 82278.0 99.2
Other farms 640.0 0.8 82918.0 100.0

Table 3-31. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 69990.9 85.0 69990.9 85.0
Hired 11723.7 14.2 81714.6 99.2
Other 619.4 0.8 82334.0 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)
Table 3-32. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 73853.3 89.7 73853.3 89.7
Female 8480.7 10.3 82334.0 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)
Table 3-33. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the

Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 7364.8 8.9 7364.8 8.9
20-29 9401.5 11.4 16766.3 20.4
30-39 21688 .3 26.3 38454.6 46.7
40-49 13446.8 16.3 51901.4 63.0
50-59 15728.7 19.1 67630.1 82.1
60-69 10836.9 13.2 78467.0 95.3
>=70 3867.0 4.7 82334.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing 584.0)

131


50 percent in the Northeast region. The survey response rate by
State ranged from a high of 63 percent for the State of Virginia
to a low of 42 percent for the State of North Dakota. Evaluation
of the survey of 1,000 nonresponding farm operations from the main
survey did not show any significant bias in the main survey
associated with the nonresponding farms.

There were an estimated 201,000 + 45,000 lost-time work injuries
on farms in 1993. This represented an incidence rate of 6.5 + 0.8
lost-time injuries per 200,000 hours of farm work. These injuries
resulted in an estimated 3,0597,531 restricted workdays, with a
corresponding lost workday rate of 98.3 lost workdays per 200,000
hours of work.

The region of the nation with the highest number of lost-time
injuries was the Midwest with an estimated 82,900 lost-time
injuries. The highest estimated injury rate also occurred in the
Midwest (7.6 lost-time injuries per 200,000 hours of farm work).

The major sources of injury on U.S. farming operations were
livestock (18.1%), machinery (17.4%), and hand tools (11.4%).
These injuries most frequently resulted in a sprain or strain
(25.6%), cut (18.7%), or fracture (15.2%). The body parts most
commonly injured were the leg, knee, or hip (15.2%), the back
(15.0%), and the finger (12.1%). Workers 30 to 39 years of age
reported the highest number of these injuries (24.83). Males were
involved in these injury events 95 percent of the time.

Beef, hog, or sheep operations were found to have the highest
number of lost-time work injuries (62,546 injuries) and restricted
workdays (1,145,330 restricted workdays) . Dairy operations had
the second highest number of injuries (37,123 injuries); followed
by vegetable, fruit, or nut operations (32,579 injuries) ;and cash
grain operations (29,087 injuries). Vegetable, fruit, or nut
operations had the second highest number of restricted workdays
(553,842 restricted workdays); followed by cash grains (479,260
restricted workdays); and dairy operations (446,798 restricted
workdays). The highest injury rates per 200,000 hours of work
were seen in the combined group of other livestock and other farms
(9.9 injuries per 200,000 hours); followed by beef, hog, or sheep
operations (8.2 injuries/200,000 hours); nursery operations (7.3
injuries/200,000 hours}; and dairy operations (6.4
injuries/200,000 hours).

Family workers (including partners and family members of the
partner) accounted for more injuries(126,289 injuries), more
restricted workdays (2,129,200 restricted workdays) and a higher
injury rate (7.0 injuries/200,000 hours) than hired workers (Table
2-2). However, nursery operations, dairy operations, and the
combined group of other livestock and other farms did have hired
injury rates higher than family member injury rates (Table 2-2).

The complete results are presented in Sections 2 through 4 of the
statistical abstract. Section 2 presents the national statistics,
Section 3 the region-specific statistics, and Section 4 the State-
specific statistics. Appendix C provides standard errors for the
rate estimates presented in these three Sections. Standard errors


Table 4-9. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 45.3 1.4 45.3 1.4
Eye 186.0 5.8 231.3 7.2
Chest/trunk 272.8 8.5 504.1 15.8
Back 280.9 8.8 785.0 24.5
Arm/shoulder 229.1 7.2 1014.1 31.7
Finger 987.1 30.9 2001.2 62.6
Hand/wrist 160.1 $.0 2161.3 67.6
Leg/knee/hip 807.7 25.3 2969.0 92.8
Toe 96.3 3.0 3065.3 95.8
Mult. parts 133.3 4.2 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-10. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 321.0 10.0 321.0 10.0
cut 217.4 6.8 538.4 16.8
Crush 833.9 26.1 1372.3 42.9
Fracture 63.8 2.0 1436.1 44.9
Poisoning 96.3 3.0 1532.4 47.9
Puncture 722.5 22.6 2254.9 70.5
Sprain/strain 660.4 20.6 2915.3 91.1
Mult. injury 37.0 1.2 2952.3 92.3
Other 246.3 7.7 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-11. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Arizona, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 986.7 30.8 986.7 30.8
Caught under 87.6 2.7 1074.3 33.6
Struck by/against 77.8 2.4 1152.1 36.0
Struck by falling 18.5 0.6 1170.6 36.6
Struck by flying 849.6 26.6 2020.2 63.2
Contact sharp obj. 173.7 5.4 2193.9 68.6
Fall, same level 255.7 8.0 2449.6 76.6
Fall, elevation 37.0 1.2 2486.6 77.7
Overexertion 404.0 12.6 2890.6 90.4
Other 308.0 9.6 3198.6 100.0

276


Table 3-38. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 4205.6 5.1 4205.6 5.1
Eye 3609.4 4.4 7815.0 9.5
Chest/trunk 5135.7 6.2 12950.7 15.7
Back 9651.4 11.7 22602.1 27.5
Arm/shoulder 6953.3 8.4 29555.4 35.9
Finger 9715.5 11.8 39270.9 47.7
Hand/wrist 10367.5 12.6 49638.4 60.3
Leg/knee/hip 15038.7 18.3 64677.1 78.6
Toe 455.8 0.6 65132.9 79.1
Foot 8237.5 10.0 73370.4 89.1
Mult. parts 7947.6 9.7 81318.0 98.8
Other 1016.0 1.2 82334.0 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-39. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 361.4 0.4 361.4 0.4
Bruise 11917.0 14.5 12278.4 14.9
Burn 314.3 0.4 12592.7 15.3
cut 15923.9 19.3 28516.6 34.6
Crush 4756.6 5.8 33273.2 40.4
Fracture 12058.5 14.6 45331.7 55.1
Poisoning 33.3 0.0 45365.0 55.1
Puncture 4940.3 6.0 50305.3 61.1
Sprain/strain 20104.4 24.4 70409.7 85.5
Mult. injury 7320.1 8.9 77729.8 94.4
Other 4604.2 5.6 82334.0 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

133


Table 2-113. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month

for other farming operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 109.4 1.9 109.4 1.9
February 587.2 10.1 696.6 12.0
March 301.1 5.2 997.7 17.2
April 0.0 0.0 997.7 17.2
May 40.9 0.7 1038.6 17.9
June 408.2 7.0 1446.8 24.9
July 1182.7 20.4 2629.5 45.3
August 409.1 7.0 3038.6 52.3
September 0.0 0.0 3038.6 52.3
October 659.9 11.4 3698.5 63.7
November 1790.5 30.8 5489.0 94.5
December 320.8 5. 5809.8 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 2-114. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for other farming operations, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 5786.3 99.2 5786.3 99.2
Permanent 44.3 0.8 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-115. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for other farming

operations, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 44.3 0.8 44.3 0.8
Yes 3569.8 61.2 3614.1 62.0
No 2216.5 38.0 5830.6 100.0

51


Appendix B: Sampling Estimators...................-4- 353


Table 3-150. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for livestock operations in the West region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1224.4 6.7 1224.4 6.7
Machine maint. 485.2 2.7 1709.6 9.4
Field work 815.2 4.5 2524.8 13.9
Crop handling 3169.9 17.4 5694.7 31.3
Livestock handling 7178.6 39.4 12873.3 70.7
Other 5344.9 29.3 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-151. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for livestock operations in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 503.5 2.8 503.5 2.8
Machinery 1335.0 7.3 1838.5 10.1
Livestock 6728.9 36.9 8567.4 47.0
Hand tool 2973.6 16.3 11541.0 63.3
Power tool 219.0 1.2 11760.0 64.6
Plant/tree 562.5 3.1 12322.5 67.6
Working surface 1198.0 6.6 13520.5 74.2
Truck/auto 198.2 1.1 13718.7 75.3
Liquids 148.4 0.8 13867.1 76.1
Other 4351.1 23.9 18218.2 100.0

170


Table 3-222. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for hired workers in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1434.2 12.2 1434.2 12.2
Machine maint. 1752.9 15.0 3187.1 27.2
Field work 2916.0 24.9 6103.1 $2.1
Crop handling 3646.2 31.1 9749.3 83.2
Livestock handling 1323.8 11.3 11073.1 94.5
Other 650.6 5.5 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-223. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1153.5 9.8 1153.5 9.8
Machinery 3834.1 32.7 4987.6 42.5
Livestock 1020.1 8.7 6007.7 $1.2
Hand tool 1031.8 8.8 7039.5 60.0
Pesticide/chem. 66.6 0.6 7106.1 60.6
Plant/tree 120.7 1.0 7226.8 61.6
Working surface 242.9 2.1 7469.7 63.7
Truck/auto 982.6 8.4 8452.3 72.1
Other vehicle 584.0 5.0 9036.3 77.1
Liquids 493.3 4.2 9529.6 81.3
Other 2194.1 18.7 11723.7 100.0

194


Table 3-292.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 88.2 2.0 88.2 2.0
Burn 398.6 8.8 486.8 10.8
cut 797.6 17.7 1284.4 28.5
Crush 398.6 8.8 1683.0 37.3
Fracture 877.5 19.5 2560.5 56.8
Sprain/strain 973.7 21.6 3534.2 78.4
Mult. injury 547.4 12.1 4081.6 90.5
Other 426.3 9.5 4507.9 100.0
Table 3-293. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 457.1 10.1 457.1 10.1
Struck by/against 1399.9 31.1 1857.0 41.2
Contact sharp obj. 252.3 5.6 2109.3 46.8
Fall, same level 1026.3 22.8 3135.6 69.6
Fall, elevation 148.8 3.3 3284.4 72.9
Overexertion 277.5 6.2 3561.9 79.0
Other 946.0 21.0 4507.9 100.0

Table 3-294. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

worker was injured for female workers in the South region of the

U.S., 1993.

Activity When

Cumulative Cumulative

Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 385.8 8.6 385.8 8.6
Machine maint. 398.6 8.8 784.4 17.4
Field work 1001.1 22.2 1785.5 39.6
Crop handling 703.8 15.6 2489.3 55.2
Livestock handling 2018.6 44.8 4507.9 100.0

217


Table 3-116. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for livestock operations in the Midwest region of
the U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 45954.2 88.7 45954.2 88.7
Hired 5869.9 11.3 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-117. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 44333.0 85.5 44333.0 85.5
Female 7491.1 14.5 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-118. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 4666.4 9.0 4666.4 9.0
20-29 $250.7 10.1 9917.1 19.1
30-39 12774.3 24.6 22691.4 43.8
40-49 9365.7 18.1 32057.1 61.9
50-59 11562.2 22.3 43619.3 84.2
60-69 5943.7 11.5 49563.0 95.6
>=70 2261.1 4.4 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-119. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 51265.9 98.9 51265.9 98.9
Hispanic 558.2 1.1 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

159


Table 2-171. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for male workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 30077.8 16.6 30077.8 16.6
Machine maint. 25448.9 14.1 55526.7 30.7
Field work 32551.0 18.0 88077.7 48.6
Crop handling 28722.6 15.9 116800.3 64.5
Livestock handling 43456.8 24.0 160257.1 68.5
Other 20813.2 11.5 181070.3 100.0

Table 2-172. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for male workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 10206.9 5.6 10206.9 §.6
Machinery 32719.5 18.1 42926.4 23.7
Livestock 30346.5 16.8 73272.9 40.5
Hand tool 21724.5 12.0 94997.4 52.5
Power tool 7403.6 4.1 102401.0 56.6
Pesticide/chem. 1022.1 0.6 103423.1 57.1
Plant/tree 7223.7 4.0 110646.8 61.1
Working surface 16044.9 8.9 126691.7 70.0
Truck/auto 5639.5 3.1 132331.2 73.1
Other vehicle 4415.3 2.4 136746.5 75.5
Liquids 1227.7 0.7 137974.2 76.2
Other 43096.1 23.8 181070.3 100.0

68


Table 2-17.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of

the U.S. for cash grain operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast $95.8 2.0 $95.8 2.0
South 3085.2 10.6 3681.0 12.7
Midwest 23691.5 81.5 27372.5 94.1
West 1714.2 5.9 29086.7 100.0
Table 2-18. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for cash grain operations, 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 21788.0 74.9 21788.0 74.9
Partner/family 2840.1 9.8 24628.1 84.7
Hired labor 3230.1 11.1 27858 .2 95.8
Unpaid nonfamily 493.3 1.7 28351.5 97.5
Other 735.2 2.5 29086.7 100.0
Table 2-19. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for cash grain operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 27588 .3 94.8 27588 .3 94.8
Female 1498.4 5.2 29086.7 100.0
Table 2-20. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group

for cash grain operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent.
10-19 2478.2 8.5 2478.2 8.5
20-29 2749.4 9.5 $227.6 18.0
30-39 8867.0 30.5 14094.6 48.5
40-49 4088.6 14.1 18183.2 62.5
50-59 4658.2 16.0 22841.4 78.5
60-69 4486.0 15.4 27327.4 94.0
>=70 1759.3 6.0 29086.7 100.0

23


Table 2-164. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for male workers, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 135010.8 74.6 135010.8 74.6
Hispanic 42507.2 23.5 177518.0 98.1
Black 1422.6 0.8 178940.6 98.9
Asian 190.3 0.1 179130.9 99.0
American Indian 974.6 0.5 180105.5 99.6
Other 790.0 0.4 180895.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-165. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for male workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 11220.9 6.2 11220.9 6.2
February 6884.1 3.8 18105.0 10.0
March 8018.6 4.4 26123.6 14.4
April 11251.4 6.2 37375 .0 20.7
May 13125.2 7.3 §0500.2 27.9
June 22456.0 12.4 72956.2 40.3
July 24228 .3 13.4 97184.5 53.7
August 21951.0 12.1 119135.5 65.9
September 19077.3 10.5 138212.8 76.4
October 14892.6 8.2 153105.4 84.6
November 15515.9 8.6 168621.3 93.2
December 12253.4 6.8 180874.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 195.6)

Table 2-166. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury for male workers, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 170964.2 94.5 170964.2 94.5
Permanent 8680.4 4.8 179644.6 99.3
Fatality 1250.9 0.7 180895.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-167. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for male workers, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 10106.1 5.6 10106.1 5.6
Yes 143594.0 79.3 153700.1 84.9
No 27370.2 15.1 181070.3 100.0

66


Table 3-66. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for crop operations in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 631.1 10.0 631.1 10.0
Machine maint. 1503.9 23.9 2135.0 33.9
Field work 2088.1 33.2 4223.1 67.1
Crop handling 1111.7 17.7 5334.8 84.7
Livestock handling 580.5 9.2 §915.3 94.0
Other 380.5 6.0 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-67. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for crop operations in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 19.9 0.3 19.9 0.3
Machinery 1547.8 24.6 1567.7 24.9
Livestock 562.8 8.9 2130.5 33.8
Power tool 733.7 11.7 2864.2 45.5
Plant/tree 228.5 3.6 3092.7 49.1
Working surface 583.1 9.3 3675.8 58.4
Truck/auto 31.1 0.5 3706.9 58.9
Other 2588.9 41.1 6295.8 100.0

142


Table 2-138.
ethnic origin for hired workers, 1993.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 28893.6 39.8 28893.6 39.8
Hispanic 40873.8 56.3 69767.4 96.1
Black 1422.6 2.0 71190.0 98.1
American Indian 588.9 0.8 71778.9 98.9
Other 790.0 1.1 72568.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 148.8)
Table 2-139. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month

for hired workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3441.9 4.7 3441.9 4.7
February 1665.6 2.3 $107.5 7.0
March 2606.4 3.6 7713.9 10.6
April 4233.8 3.8 11947.7 16.5
May 7961.7 11.0 19909.4 27.4
June 10264.1 14.1 30173.5 41.6
July 10505.7 14.5 40679.2 56.1
August 10249.3 14.1 50928.5 70.2
September 4602.2 6.3 §5530.7 76.5
October 6977.9 9.6 62508 .6 86.2
November 6438.9 8.9 68947.5 95.0
December 3600.6 5.0 72548.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 169.6)

Table 2-140.
of the injury for hired workers, 1993.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 69517.8 95.6 69517.8 95.6
Permanent 2827.3 3.9 72345.1 99.5
Fatality 372.6 0.5 7271727 100.0

Table 2-141.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for hired workers, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 3199.9 4.4 3199.9 4.4
Yes 62230.3 85.6 65430.2 90.0
No 7287.5 10.0 72717.7 100.0

59


Table 4-165. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 264.8 4.3 264.8 4.3
Eye 396.0 6.5 660.8 10.8
Chest/trunk 291.9 4.8 952.7 15.6
Back 265.3 4.3 1218.0 19.9
Arm/shoulder 350.4 5.7 1568.5 25.6
Finger 1282.5 21.0 2851.0 46.6
Hand/wrist 2053.5 33.6 4904.5 80.2
Leg/knee/hip 471.8 7.7 5376.3 87.9
Foot 581.4 9.5 5957.7 97.4
Mult. parts 26.6 0.4 5984.3 97.8
Other 132.0 2.2 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-166. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 80.7 1.3 80.7 1.3
Bruise 850.7 13.9 931.5 15.2
cut 1458.3 23.8 2389.7 39.1
Crush 212.7 3.5 2602.5 42.5
Fracture 1064.9 17.4 3667.3 60.0
Puncture 184.1 3.0 3851.4 63.0
Sprain/Strain 1492.3 24.4 5343.7 87.4
Mult. Injury 26.6 0.4 5370.3 87.8
Other 746.0 12.2 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-167. Estimates of lost-time injuries by the type of
injury event for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 184.1 3.0 184.1 3.0
Caught between 801.2 13.1 985.2 16.1
Caught under 133.3 2.2 1118.6 18.3
Struck by/against 346.1 5.7 1464.6 23.9
Struck by falling 264.0 4.3 1728.6 28.3
Struck by flying 396.0 6.5 2124.6 34.7
Contact sharp obj. 1246.4 20.4 3371.0 $5.1
Fall, same level 829.7 13.6 4200.7 68.7
Fall, elevation 400.8 6.6 4601.5 75.2
Overexertion 614.4 10.0 5215.9 85.3
Other 900.4 14.7 6116.3 100.0

328


Table 2-7. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group,
1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
10-19 12873.4 6.4 12873.4 6.4
20-29 37926.1 18.9 50799.5 25.3
30-39 49795 .6 24.8 100595.1 50.2
40-49 36510.5 18.2 137105.6 68.4
50-59 30340.7 15.1 167446.3 83.6
60-69 21008.8 10.5 188455.1 94.0
>=70 11945.8 6.0 200400.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 732.8)

Table 2-8. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 152544.0 76.2 152544.0 76.2
Hispanic 43742.1 21.8 196286.1 98.0
Black 1422.6 0.7 197708.7 98.7
Asian 752.8 0.4 198461.5 99.1
American Indian 974.6 0.5 199436.1 99.6
Other 790.0 0.4 200226.1 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 907.6)

Table 2-9. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month,
1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 11661.0 5.8 11661.0 5.8
February 7495.6 3.7 19156.6 9.6
March 8453.5 4.2 27610.1 13.8
April 13804.5 6.9 41414.6 20.7
May 15817.1 7.9 $7231.7 28.6
June 25715.2 12.8 82946.9 41.4
July 25837.6 12.9 108784.5 54.3
August 23627.0 11.8 132411.5 66.1
September 19886.8 9.9 152298.3 76.1
October 15828.0 7.9 168126.3 84.0
November 17318.2 8.7 185444.5 92.6
December 14760.8 7.4 200205.3 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 928.4)

16


Table 2-51.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 909.0 2.8 909.0 2.8
Eye 1424.9 4.4 2333.9 7.2
Chest/trunk 3064.5 9.4 $398.4 16.5
Back 10249.7 31.4 15648.1 48.0
Arm/shoulder 2373.4 7.3 18021.5 55.2
Finger 4859.3 14.9 22880.8 70.1
Hand/wrist 3251.9 10.0 26132.7 80.1
Leg/knee/hip 3746.2 11.5 29878.9 91.6
Foot 2173.0 6.7 32051.9 98.2
Other 576.1 1.8 32628.0 100.0
Table 2-52. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of
the injury for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 4122.7 12.6 4122.7 12.6
Cut 6166.4 18.9 10289.1 31.5
Crush 2830.1 8.7 13119.2 40.2
Fracture 1406.6 4.3 14525.8 44.5
Puncture 2021.0 6.2 16546.8 50.7
Sprain/strain 12817.4 39.3 29364.2 90.0
Mult. injury 787.9 2.4 30152.1 92.4
Other 2475.9 7.6 32628.0 100.0
Table 2-53. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 545.0 1.7 545.0 1.7
Caught between 3556.1 10.9 4101.1 12.6
Caught under 120.7 0.4 4221.8 12.9
Struck by/against 1399.8 4.3 5621.6 17.2
Struck by falling 3516.7 10.8 9138.3 28.0
Struck by flying 2060.7 6.3 11199.0 34.3
Contact sharp obj. 4543.7 13.9 15742.7 48.2
Fall, same level 3061.3 9.4 18804.0 57.6
Fall, elevation 1278.2 3.9 20082.2 61.5
Overexertion 9567.9 29.3 29650.1 90.9
Other 2977.9 9.1 32628.0 100.0

33


Table 3-99. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for livestock operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1564.1 5.9 1564.1 5.9
Eye 1156.3 4.4 2720.4 10.2
Chest/trunk 3360.7 12.7 6081.1 22.9
Back 2476.8 9.3 8557.9 32.2
Arm/shoulder 1374.9 $.2 9932.8 37.4
Finger 2078.2 7.8 12010.9 45.2
Hand/wrist 3160.5 11.9 15171.4 57.1
Leg/knee/hip 5433.0 20.5 20604.4 77.6
Toe 703.9 2.7 21308.3 80.3
Foot 3196.5 12.0 24504.8 92.3
Mult. parts 2042.7 7.7 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-100. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for livestock operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency. Percent
Amputation 398.6 1.5 398.6 1.5
Bruise 4943.0 18.6 5341.6 20.1
Burn 511-1 1.9 5852.7 22.0
cut 3845.4 14.5 9698.1 36.5
Crush 1943.4 7.3 11641.5 43.9
Fracture 8204.6 30.9 19846.1 74.8
Puncture 479.6 1.8 20325.7 76.6
Sprain/strain 2560.2 9.6 22885.9 86.2
Mult. injury 2334.6 8.8 25220.5 95.0
Other 1327.0 5.0 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-101. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
livestock operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 703.9 2.7 703.9 2.7
Caught between 2130.2 8.0 2834.1 10.7
Caught under 797.2 3.0 3631.3 13.7
Struck by/against 10370.7 39.1 14002.0 52.7
Struck by falling 1747.4 6.6 15749.4 59.3
Struck by flying 569.4 2.1 16318.8 61.5
Contact sharp obj. 1979.2 7.5 18298.0 68.9
Fall, same level 3937.9 14.8 22235.9 83.8
Fall, elevation 2277.3 8.6 24513.2 92.3
Overexertion 734.6 2.8 25247.8 95.1
Other 1299.7 4.9 26547.5 100.0

153


Table 3-350.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for

Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January -0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
April 64.9 6.4 64.9 6.4
May 86.8 8.6 151.7 15.0
June 0.0 0.0 151.7 15.0
July 0.0 0.0 151.7 15.0
August 0.0 0.0 151.7 15.0
September 170.7 16.9 322.4 31.9
October 670.1 66.3 992.5 98.2
November 0.0 0.0 992.5 98.2
December 17.7 1.8 1010.2 100.0
Table 3-351. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 1010.2 100.0 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-352.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for Hispanic workers in

the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 1010.2 100.0 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-353. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 64.9 6.4 64.9 6.4
Eye 36.1 3.6 101.0 10.0
Finger 134.6 13.3 235.6 23.3
Hand/wrist 583.3 57.7 818.9 81.1
Leg/knee/hip 86.8 8.6 905.7 89.7
Toe 17.7 1.8 923.4 91.4
Foot 86.8 8.6 1010.2 100.0

240


Table 2-119. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for other farming operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 676.2 11.6 676.2 11.6
Machine maint. 916.7 15.7 1592.9 27.3
Field work 1597.1 27.4 3190.0 54.7
Crop handling 129.1 2.2 3319.1 56.9
Livestock handling 1935.5 33.2 5254.6 90.1
Other 576.0 9.9 5830.6 100.0

Table 2-120. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for other farming operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 177.8 3.0 177.8 3.0
Machinery 1257.6 21.6 1435.4 24.6
Livestock 2290.9 39.3 3726.3 63.9
Hand tool 267.2 4.6 3993.5 68.5
Power tool 20.8 0.4 4014.3 68.8
Plant/tree 1375.0 23.6 5389.3 92.4
Working surface 420.5 7.2 5809.8 99.6
other 20.8 0.4 5830.6 100.0

53


Table 3-346. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for

Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Field crops 152.3 15.1 152.3 15.1
Veg, fruit, nuts 756.9 74.9 909.2 90.0
Nursery 36.1 3.6 945.3 93.6
Beef, hogs, sheep 64.9 6.4 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-347,

Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the

injured worker for Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the

U.S., 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Family 735.6 72.8 735.6 72.8
Hired 274.6 27.2 1010.2 100.0
Table 3-348. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent __- Frequency Percent
Male 992.5 98.2 992.5 98.2
Female 17.7 1.8 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-349.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for

Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
30-39 409.2 40.5 409.2 40.5
50-59 17.7 1.8 426.9 42.3
>=70 583.3 57.7 1010.2 100.0

239


Table 2-16. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
the injury, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 10939.7 5.5 10939.7 §.5
Machinery 34441.5 17.2 45381.2 22.6
Livestock 36207.0 18.1 81588 .2 40.7
Hand tool 22896.0 11.4 104484.2 52.1
Power tool 7403.6 3.7 111887.8 55.8
Pesticide/chem. 1454.0 0.7 113341.8 56.5
Plant/tree 8649.6 4.3 121991.4 60.8
Working surface 17057.0 8.5 139048 .4 69.3
Truck/auto 6140.9 3.1 145189.3 72.4
Other vehicle 4841.4 2.4 150030.7 74.8
Liquids 1227.7 0.6 151258.4 75.4
Other 49291.3 24.6 200549.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

19


Table 3-60. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for crop
operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 72.2 1.1 72.2 1.1
April 1159.2 18.4 1231.4 19.6
May $45.3 8.7 1776.7 28.2
June 263.1 4.2 2039.8 32.4
July 2180.6 34.6 4220.4 67.0
August 154.5 2.5 4374.9 69.5
September 439.8 7.0 4814.7 76.5
October 1267.3 20.1 6082.0 96.6
November 160.0 2.5 6242.0 99.1
December 53.8 0.9 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-61. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for crop operations in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 6161.2 97.9 6161.2 97.9
Permanent 134.6 2.1 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-62. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for crop operations in
the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 134.6 2.1 134.6 2.1
Yes 5169.6 82.1 5304.2 84.2
No 991.6 15.8 6295.8 100.0

140


Table 2-230. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 40-49 years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1903.3 5.2 1903.3 5.2
Machinery 4350.3 11.9 6253.6 17.1
Livestock 6170.2 16.9 12423.8 34.0
Hand tool 3410.1 9.3 15833.9 43.4
Power tool 946.2 2.6 16780.1 46.0
Pesticide/chem. 850.6 2.3 17630.7 48.3
Plant/tree 1130.1 3.1 18760.8 51.4
Working surface 4679.7 12.8 23440.5 64.2
Truck/auto 1120.0 3.1 24560.5 67.3
Other vehicle 222.3 0.6 24782.8 67.9
Other 11727.7 32.1 36510.5 100.0

86


Table 4-129. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 196.8 9.2 196.8 9.2
Eye 37.5 1.8 234.3 11.0
Chest/trunk 172.4 8.1 406.7 19.1
Back 139.7 6.6 546.4 25.7
Arm/shoulder 108.1 5.1 654.5 30.7
Finger 255.1 12.0 909.6 42.7
Hand/wrist 262.5 12.3 1172.1 55.1
Leg/knee/hip 426.5 20.0 1598.6 75.1
Toe 101.8 4.8 1700.4 79.9
Foot 316.1 14.8 2016.5 94,7
Mult. parts 112.5 5.3 2129.0 100.0

Table 4-130. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 349.6 16.4 349.6 16.4
Burn 37.5 1.8 387.1 18.2
cut 571.2 26.8 958.3 45.0
Crush 112.5 5.3 1070.8 50.3
Fracture 342.9 16.1 1413.7 66.4
Puncture 112.5 5.3 1526.2 71.7
Sprain/strain 324.7 15.3 1850.9 86.9
Mult. injury 70.6 3.3 1921.5 90.3
Other 207.5 9.7 2129.0 100.0

Table 4-131. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 101.8 4.8 101.8 4.8
Caught under 163.6 7.7 265.4 12.5
Struck by/against 223.5 10.5 488.9 23.0
Struck by falling 214.3 10.1 703.2 33.0
Contact sharp obj. 367.6 17.3 1070.8 50.3
Fall, same level 376.0 17.7 1446.8 68.0
Fall, elevation 443.6 20.8 1890.4 88.8
Overexertion 163.6 7.7 2054.0 96.5
Other 75.0 3.5 2129.0 100.0

316


Table 4-18. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of California, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1292.0 9.1 1292.0 9.1
February 106.9 0.8 1398.9 9.9
March 1211.2 8.6 2610.1 18.4
April 413.8 2.9 3023.9 21.4
May 366.6 2.6 3390.5 23.9
June 2130.9 15.0 $521.4 39.0
July 2834.7 20.0 8356.1 59.0
August 2698.5 19.1 11054.6 78.1
September 977.8 6.9 12032.4 85.0
October 751.0 5.3 12783.4 90.3
November 921.6 6.5 13705.0 96.8
December 455.4 3.2 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-19. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of California, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 13653.2 96.4 13653.2 96.4
Permanent 507.2 3.6 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-20. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
California, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 507.2 3.6 507.2 3.6
Yes 11780.2 83.2 12287.4 86.8
No 1873.0 13.2 14160.4 100.0

279


Table 3-144. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
livestock operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3127.1 17.2 3127.1 17.2
February 671.8 3.7 3798.9 20.9
March 2664.5 14.6 6463.4 35.5
April 1780.6 9.8 8244.0 45.3
May 498.2 2.7 8742.2 48.0
June 2064.8 11.3 10807.0 59.4
July 2010.6 11.0 12817.6 70.4
August 1354.6 7.4 14172.2 77.9
September 602.8 3.3 14775.0 81.2
October 1104.0 6.1 15879.0 87.3
November 655.4 3.6 16534.4 90.9
December 1663.0 9.1 18197.4 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 3-145. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for livestock operations in the West region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 16703.5 91.7 16703.5 91.7
Permanent 1514.7 8.3 18218.2 100.0

Table 3-146. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for livestock operations
in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1514.7 8.3 1514.7 8.3
Yes 13734.4 75.4 15249.1 83.7
No 2969.1 16.3 18218.2 100.0

168


Table 2-73.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or

ethnic origin for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.
Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 59796.0 95.6 59796.0 95.6
Hispanic 2199.4 3.5 61995.4 99.1
American Indian 398.6 0.6 62394.0 99.8
Other 151.9 0.2 62545.9 100.0

Table 2-74. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January $252.7 8.4 5252.7 8.4
February 3069.5 4.9 8322.2 13.3
March 3214.4 S.1 11536.6 18.4
April 3975.4 6.4 15512.0 24.8
May 4555.0 7.3 20067.0 32.1
June 8216.1 13.1 28283.1 45.2
July 6507.9 10.4 34791.0 55.6
August 5370.7 8.6 40161.7 64.2
September 6386.5 10.2 46548.2 74.4
October 5140.2 8.2 51688.4 82.6
November $654.1 9.0 57342.5 91.7
December 5203.4 8.3 62545.9 100.0
Table 2-75. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency | Percent
Temporary $8025.3 92.8 58025.3 92.8
Permanent 3817.1 6.1 61842.4 98.9
Fatality 703.5 1.1 62545.9 100.0
Table 2-76. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for beef, hog, or sheep

operations, 1

993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 4520.6 7.2 4520.6 7.2
Yes 49215.6 78.7 53736.2 85.9
No 8809.7 14.1 62545.9 100.0

40


Table 2-215. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 186.6 0.4 186.6 0.4
Bruise 9721.8 19.5 9908.4 19.9
cut 8570.4 17.2 18478.8 37.1
Crush 2409.7 4.8 20888.5 41.9
Fracture 4005.2 8.0 24893.7 50.0
Poisoning 33.3 O.1 24927.0 50.1
Puncture 4692.3 9.4 29619.3 59.5
Sprain/strain 14266.2 28.6 43885.5 88.1
Mult. injury 3062.8 6.2 46948.3 94.3
Other 2847.3 5.7 49795.6 100.0

Table 2-216. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1303.4 2.6 1303.4 2.6
Caught between 4614.1 9.3 5917.5 11.9
Caught under 2617.9 5.3 8535.4 17.1
Struck by/against 8969.4 18.0 17504.8 35.2
Struck by falling 1283.7 2.6 18788.5 37.7
Struck by flying 2927.0 5.9 21715.5 43.6
Contact sharp obj. 8840.9 17.8 30556.4 61.4
Fall, same level 6730.4 13.5 37286.8 74.9
Fall, elevation 3124.3 6.3 40411.1 81.2
Overexertion 5544.3 11.1 45955.4 92.3
Other 3840.2 7.7 49795.6 100.0

Table 2-217. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6517.1 13.1 6517.1 13.1
Machine maint. 9292.7 18.7 15809.8 31.7
Field work 11624.9 23.3 27434.7 55.1
Crop handling 6409.4 12.9 33844.1 68.0
Livestock handling 10614.8 21.3 44458 .9 89.3
Other 5336.7 10.7 49795.6 100.0

81


Table 3-386. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for black
and other race workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 266.1 13.0 266.1 13.0
April 0.0 0.0 266.1 13.0
May 153.4 7.5 419.5 20.5
June 0.0 0.0 419.5 20.5
July 153.4 7.5 572.9 28.0
August 0.0 0.0 572.9 28.0
September 523.4 25.6 1096.3 53.7
October 0.0 0.0 1096.3 53.7
November 0.0 0.0 1096.3 53.7
December 946.6 46.3 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-387. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for black and other race workers in the South region of the
U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 2042.9 100.0 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-388. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for black and other race
workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 1396.3 68.3 1396.3 68.3
No 646.6 31.7 2042.9 100.0

Table 3-389. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for black and other race workers in the South region of the U.S.,
1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Eye 398.6 19.5 398.6 19.5
Back 572.9 28.0 971.5 47.6
Finger 124.8 6.1 1096.3 53.7
Hand/wrist 260.9 12.8 1357.2 66.4
Leg/knee/hip 300.0 14.7 1657.2 81.1
Foot 385.7 18.9 2042.9 100.0

250


Table 4-132. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 244.4 11.5 244.4 11.5
Machine maint. 101.8 4.8 346.2 16.3
Field work 662.2 31.1 1008.4 47.4
Crop handling 632.1 29.7 1640.5 77.1
Livestock handling 349.2 16.4 1989.7 93.5
Other 139.3 6.5 2129.0 100.0

Table 4-133. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of North Carolina, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 419.7 19.7 419.7 19.7
Machinery 448.5 21.1 868.2 40.8
Livestock 176.8 8.3 1045.0 49.1
Hand tool 255.1 12.0 1300.1 61.1
Pesticide/chem. 112.5 5.3 1412.6 66.4
Working surface 241.1 11.3 1653.7 77.7
Truck/auto $1.1 2.4 1704.8 80.1
Other vehicle 101.8 4.8 1806.6 84.9
Other 322.4 15.1 2129.0 100.0

317


Table 4-21. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of California, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 744.2 5.3 744.2 $.3
Eye 1573.0 11.21 2317.2 16.4
Chest/trunk 1716.4 12.1 4033.6 28.5
Back 4601.5 32.5 8635.1 61.0
Arm/shoulder 1258.3 8.9 9893.4 69.9
Finger 1983.2 14.0 11876.6 83.9
Hand/wrist 976.0 6.9 12852.6 90.8
Leg/knee/hip 787.2 5.6 13639.8 96.3
Foot 290.2 2.0 13930.0 98.4
Other 230.4 1.6 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-22. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of California, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 2002.4 14.1 2002.4 14.1
Burn 413.8 2.9 2416.2 17.1
cut 2227.0 15.7 4643.2 32.8
Crush 323.9 2.3 4967.1 35.1
Fracture 1393.4 9.8 6360.5 44.9
Puncture 413.8 2.9 6774.3 47.8
Sprain/strain 5766.1 40.7 12540.4 88.6
Mult. injury 230.4 1.6 12770.8 90.2
Other 1389.6 9.8 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-23. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of California, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 183.3 1.3 183.3 1.3
Caught between 737.6 5.2 920.9 6.5
Caught under 413.8 2.9 1334.7 9.4
Struck by/agains 654.3 4.6 1989.0 14.0
Struck by falling 460.8 3.3 2449.8 17.3
Struck by flying 133.3 0.9 2583.1 18.2
Contact sharp obj. 2316.9 16.4 4900.0 34.6
Fall, same level 1433.2 10.1 6333.2 44.7
Fall, elevation 985.1 7.0 7318.3 51.7
Overexertion 4240.3 29.9 11558.6 81.6
Other 2601.8 18.4 14160.4 100.0

280


Table 3-156.
workers in the

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for family
Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 109.2 1.0 109.2 1.0
February 667.6 6.2 776.8 7.2
March 361.5 3.4 1138.3 10.6
April 749.8 7.0 1888.1 17.5
May 1295.0 12.0 3183.1 29.5
June 590.0 5.5 3773.1 35.0
July 1571.5 14.6 5344.6 49.6
August 575.0 5.3 5919.6 54.9
September 1033.9 9.6 6953.5 64.5
October 1491.7 13.8 8445.2 78.4
November 1231.5 11.4 9676.7 89.8
December 1099.6 10.2 10776.3 100.0

Table 3-157.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the

injury for family workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,

1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 10572.4 98.1 10572.4 98.1
Permanent 203.9 1.9 10776.3 100.0
Table 3-158. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional m

edical attention was sought for family workers in

the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 203.9 1.9 203.9 1.9
Yes 8352.7 77.5 8556.6 79.4
No 2219.7 20.6 10776.3 100.0

172


Table 3-264. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for female

workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 44.3 1.3 44.3 1.3
February 291.5 8.4 335.8 9.7
March 36.1 1.0 371.9 10.8
April 853.8 24.7 1225.7 35.4
May 829.7 24.0 2055.4 59.4
June 221.4 6.4 2276.8 65.8
duly 17.7 0.5 2294.5 66.4
August. 550.2 15.9 2844.7 82.3
September 69.3 2.0 2914.0 84.3
October 171.4 5.0 3085.4 89.2
November 354.6 10.3 3440.0 99.5
December 17.7 0.5 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-265. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,

1993,
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3103.1 89.7 3103.1 89.7
Permanent 354.6 10.3 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-266. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for female workers in

the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 354.6 10.3 354.6 10.3
Yes 2599.9 75.2 2954.5 85.4
No 503.2 14.6 3457.7 100.0

208


4. Estimators for the rate of injuries per hours worked.

A. State estimates:

R= ratio of mean for injuries divided by mean for hours in state i
V(R,) = (55)? + (R)? (sz)? - 2p, 85 R, 8; = variance for R,
where:

0; = correlation between injuries and hours in state i

B. Regional estimates:

Reeg = 89 = ratio of mean for injuries divided by mean for hours in a region

x

Reg
VC Rgog) = VC Veg) + ( Rpog)? VW Kpeg ) - 2 COV Voog + Xpeg )
= variance of R,,,
where:
y,
_ Neeg >> Moog, { ¥neg, ~ Yreg ) ( %xea, ~ ees }
COV Vreg + reg) = AZT (1~ fag } TT
Reg “Reg fey

= covariance between y,,, and X,.,

358


Table 3-234. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for family workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1668.8 9.3 1668.8 9.3
Machine maint. 4352.7 24.4 6021.5 33.7
Field work 1622.9 9.1 7644.4 42.8
Crop handling 964.0 5.4 8608.4 48.2
Livestock handling $917.2 33.1 14525.6 81.3
Other 3340.2 18.7 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-235. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative

Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 151.9 0.9 151.9 0.9
Machinery 2729.4 15.3 2881.3 16.1
Livestock 3997.1 22.4 6878.4 38.5
Hand tool 3371.7 18.9 10250.1 57.4
Power tool 46.3 0.3 10296.4 57.6
Pesticide/chem. 115.8 0.6 10412.2 58.3
Plant/tree 1138.6 6.4 11550.8 64.7
Working surface 1121.1 6.3 12671.9 70.9
Truck/auto 396.3 2.2 13068.2 73.1
Liquids 734.4 4.1 13802.6 77.3
Other 4063.2 22.7 17865.8 100.0

198




Table 2-134. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for hired workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 3521.5 4.8 3521.5 4.8
South 16164.7 22.2 19686.2 27.1
Midwest 11723.7 16.1 31409.9 43.2
West 41307.8 56.8 72717.7 100.0

Table 2-135. National estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type
for hired workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 3723.4 S.1 3723.4 5.1
Field crops 6996.2 9.6 10719.6 14.7
Veg, fruit,nuts 23519.7 32.3 34239.3 47.1
Nursery 13756.1 18.9 47995.4 66.0
Beef, hogs, sheep 7121.8 9.8 55117.2 75.8
Poultry 618.3 0.9 55735.5 76.6
Dairy 13689.0 18.8 69424.5 95.5
Other farms 3293.2 4.5 72717.7 100.0

Table 2-136. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for hired workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender___ Frequency Percent ___ Frequency Percent
Male 69498.4 95.6 69498.4 95.6
Female 3219.3 4.4 72717.7 100.0

Table 2-137. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for hired workers, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 3273.7 4.5 3273.7 4.5
20-29 28650.6 39.5 31924.3 44.0
30-39 21995.3 30.3 53919.6 74.3
40-49 12102.3 16.7 66021.9 91.0
50-59 5157.2 7.1 71179.1 98.1
60-69 631.6 0.9 71810.7 99.0
>=70 758.2 1.0 72568.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

58


Section 4: State Data

271


Table 2-218. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 30-39 years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2520.1 5.1 2520.1 5.1
Machinery 7617.8 15.3 10137.9 20.4
Livestock 7517.7 15.1 17655.6 35.5
Hand tool 7743.0 15.5 25398.6 51.0
Power tool 2474.3 5.0 27872.9 56.0
Pesticide/chem. 183.3 0.4 28056.2 56.3
Plant/tree 3544.2 7.1 31600.4 63.5
Working surface 4329.4 8.7 35929.8 72.2
Truck/auto 3223.6 6.5 39153.4 78.6
Other vehicle 1253.9 2.5 40407.3 81.1
Liquids 435.0 0.39 40842.3 82.0
Other 8953.3 18.0 49795.6 100.0

82


Table 4-38. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Florida, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 353.4 16.2 353.4 16.2
Partner/family 69.8 3.2 423.2 19.4
Hired labor 1685.4 77.4 2108.6 96.8
Unpaid nonfamily 69.8 3.2 2178.4 100.0

Table 4-39. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Florida, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 1980.0 90.9 1980.0 90.9
Female 198.4 9.1 2178.4 100.0

Table 4-40. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Florida, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 69.8 3.3 69.8 3.3
20-29 690.9 32.5 760.7 35.7
30-39 845.7 39.7 1606.4 75.5
40-49 257.7 12.1 1864.1 87.6
50-59 69.8 3.3 1933.9 90.8
60-69 75.5 3.5 2009.4 94.4
>=70 119.4 §.6 2128.8 100.0

{Frequency Missing = 49.6)

Table 4-41. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Florida, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 1307.0 61.4 1307.0 61.4
Hispanic 733.1 34.4 2040.1 95.8
Black 88.7 4.2 2128.8 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 49.6)

286


Table 4-134. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 3148.6 85.6 3148.6 85.6
Partner/family 326.0 8.9 3474.6 94.4
Hired labor 116.8 3.2 3591.4 97.6
Other 87.4- 4 3678.8 100.0

Table 4-135. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of North Dakota, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 3352.8 91.1 3352.8 91.1
Female 326.0 8.9 3678.8 100.0

Table 4-136. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of North Dakota, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 413.4 11.2 413.4 11.2
20-29 58.8 1.6 472.2 12.8
30-39 1380.6 37.5 1852.8 50.4
40-49 553.8 15.1 2406.6 65.4
50-59 379.0 10.3 2785.6 75.7
60-69 718.4 19.5 3504.0 95.2
=70 174.8 4.8 3678.8 100.0

Table 4-137. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of North Dakota, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 3562.0 99.2 3562.0 99.2
Hispanic 29.4 0.8 3591.4 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 87.4)

318




Section 3: Regional Data

117


Table 3-212. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 2409.5 20.6 2409.5 20.6
Field crops 838.3 7.2 3247.8 27.7
Veg, fruit, nuts 856.5 7.3 4104.3 35.0
Nursery 1749.5 14.9 5853.8 49.9
Beef, hogs, sheep 2685.5 22.9 8539.3 72.8
Dairy 3184.4 27.2 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-213. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for hired

workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 11503.8 98.1 11503.8 98.1
Female 219.9 1.9 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-214. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 864.6 7.4 864.6 7.4
20-29 3976.2 33.9 4840.8 41.3
30-39 3919.3 33.4 8760.1 74.7
40-49 1148.4 9.8 9908.5 84.5
50-59 1815.2 15.5 11723.7 100.0

Table 3-215. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for hired workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 10368.2 88.4 10368.2 88.4
Hispanic 1355.5 11.6 11723.7 100.0

191


$ Table 3-2. Estimates of lost-time injuries, restricted workdays, lost-time injuries per
© 200,000 hours worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked by region and type
of farming operation, 1993.

Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
Lost-time Restricted Restricted Lost -time
Northeast Cash grain 595.7 6376.3 64.359 6.013
Field crops 1800.1 17110.2 87.415 9.197
Veg, fruit,nuts 1498.4 9363.7 35.022 5.604
Nursery 1407.6 12901.8 80.408 8.773
Beef, hogs, sheep 1822.9 54456.7 183.071 6.128
Poultry 150.6 1789.5 10.167 0.856
Dairy 5897.7 61707.6 61.123 5.842
Other livestock 245.3 6114.7 204.563 8.207
Other farms 989.6 3104.2 96.667 30.817
South Cash grain 3085.2 72401.5 118.954 5.069
Field crops 7188.2 48818.4 25.488 3.753
Veg, fruit,nuts 4906.3 143130.3 134.313 4.604
Nursery 2369.9 11641.1 17.545 3.572
Beef , hogs, sheep 19738.8 433009.9 139.597 6.364
Poultry 955.7 8827.5 36.720 3.976
Dairy 4063.4 42721.9 63.085 6.000
Other livestock 1789.8 12956.3 118.466 16.365

Other farms 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000


Table 2-30. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of
the U.S. for field crop operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 1877.1 10.9 1877.1 10.9
South 7188.7 41.7 9065.8 52.6
Midwest 3309.7 19.2 12375.5 71.8
West 4853.7 28.2 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-31. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for field crop operations, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 8200.5 47.6 8200.5 47.6
Partner/family 1868.5 10.8 10069.0 58.4
Hired labor 6658.7 38.6 16727.7 97.1
Unpaid nonfamily 337.5 2.0 17065.2 99.0
Other 164.0 1.0 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-32. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for field crop operations, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 16045.7 93.1 16045.7 93.1
Female 1183.5 6.9 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-33. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group
for field crop operations, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1635.0 9.5 1635.0 9.5
20-29 2835.3 16.5 4470.3 25.9
30-39 4777.4 27.7 9247.7 53.7
40-49 3275.2 19.0 12522.9 72.7
50-59 2603.2 15.1 15126.1 87.8
60-69 2103.1 12.2 17229.2 100.0

27


Table 4-170. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 1509.4 64.2 1509.4 64.2
Partner/family 189.8 8.1 1699.2 72.3
Hired labor 651.8 27.7 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-171. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Tennessee, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 2292.2 97.5 2292.2 97.5
Female 58.8 2.5 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-172. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Tennessee, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 282.4 12.0 282.4 12.0
20-29 228.9 9.7 $11.3 21.7
30-39 122.6 5.2 633.9 27.0
40-49 359.1 15.3 993.0 42.2
50-59 409.0 17.4 1402.0 59.6
60-69 569.4 24.2 1971.4 83.9
>=70 379.6 16.1 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-173. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 2228.4 94.8 2228.4 94.8
Hispanic 122.6 5.2 2351.0 100.0

330


Table 3-96. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for
livestock operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2309.4 8.7 2309.4 8.7
February 2833.6 10.7 $143.0 19.4
March 1375.1 5.2 6518.1 24.6
April 1137.8 4.3 7655.9 28.8
May 1853.6 7.0 9509.5 35.8
June 4419.4 16.6 13928.9 52.5
July 1340.7 $.1 15269.6 57.5
August 1483.7 5.6 16753.3 63.1
September 1800.7 6.8 18554.0 69.9
October 1831.2 6.9 20385.2 76.8
November 2589.0 9.8 22974.2 86.5
December 3573.3 13.5 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-97. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for livestock operations in the South region of the U.S.,

1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 23360.0 88.0 23360.0 88.0
Permanent 3187.5 12.0 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-98. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for livestock operations
in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

152

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 3187.5 12.0 3187.5 12.0
Yes 19344.2 72.9 22531.7 84.9
No 4015.8 15.1 26547.5 100.0


Table 3-164. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 59.7 1.7 59.7 1.7
Field crops 119.8 3.4 179.5 S.1
Veg, fruit, nuts 291.5 8.3 471.0 13.4
Nursery 703.8 20.0 1174.8 33.4
Beef, hogs, sheep 64.9 1.8 1239.7 35.2
Dairy 1365.1 38.8 2604.8 74.0
Other farms 916.7 26.0 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-165. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for hired

workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 2086.3 59.2 2086.3 59.2
Female 1435.2 40.8 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-166. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 $54.5 15.7 554.5 15.7
20-29 1509.8 42.9 2064.3 58.6
30-39 449.3 12.8 2513.6 71.4
40-49 69.3 2.0 2582.9 73.3
50-59 307.0 8.7 2889.9 82.1
60-69 631.6 17.9 3521.5 100.0

Table 3-167. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for hired workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 3246.9 92.2 3246.9 92.2
Hispanic 274.6 7.8 3521.5 100.0

175


Section I: The Traumatic Injury
Surveillance of Farmers Survey

INTRODUCTION

Workers in the agriculture industry of the United States (U.S.)
have received a great deal of attention recently because of their
high risk of fatal injuries and suspected risk for serious
nonfatal injuries [NIOSH, 1992; Merchant et al., 1989]. A major
problem with planning injury prevention programs for these
agricultural workers is a lack of surveillance data, especially
for those injuries which are nonfatal. To address this lack of
nonfatal injury data, the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH), working in cooperation with the
National Safety Council (NSC) Agricultural Division and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA), developed the Traumatic Injury
Surveillance of Farmers (TISF) survey.

The objective of the TISF is to determine the frequency, incidence
rate, and characteristics of agricultural work-related injuries
occurring in the U.S. using a uniform surveillance system. This
is accomplished by collecting data on agricultural work-related
injuries that occur during a calendar year on a random sample of
farms across the U.S. The TISF provides injury estimates at the
State, regional, and U.S. level, and allows every state to obtain
injury data within a 3-year time period.

The intent of the following document is to present the first year
of TISF results in an easily accessible statistical abstract
format. This is the first in a series of TISF reports that will
eventually provide data for all 50 states. No attempt is made to
interpret the results presented here because of the quantity of
data presented. It is hoped that the data will be used by public
health and safety professionals, engineers, and other groups
working in the area of farm safety to help in their intervention
programs and injury control research.

These data were collected by the USDA, National Agricultural
Statistics Service (NASS) through an Interagency Agreement with
NIOSH. The injury estimates and incidence rates presented in this
statistical abstract were calculated by NIOSH and are presented
here with the approval of USDA, NASS. Access to all TISF data
files, or additional injury estimates from the TISF data, are
subject to the approval of USDA, NASS.

METHODS
General Survey Design:

The TISF surveillance system is a mail survey-based surveillance
system using a Total Design Method methodology (Dillman, 1978).


C. National Estimates:

Raoeat = Yreta! _ patio of means for injuries divided by hours
* total
-vig ows .
VO Rgoear) = VC Voter) * ( Rrotar?” WC Xrocar ) ~ 2 COW Yrorai + *rotar )
= variance of R,.,,,
where:

M,
FL COV Veeg + Xpeg )
reget Myotar

COV Yrotar 1 ¥

‘rotar =

= covariance between y,,.,, and X,.3)

All equations are derived from chapters 5, 6, and 11
Techniques, 3rd Edition" by W.G. Cochran (John Wiley and Sons,

1977).

of "Sampling

359


Table 3-246. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for hired workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 5725.9 13.9 5725.9 13.9
Machine maint. 3445.6 8.3 9171.5 22.2
Field work 13063.4 31.6 22234.9 53.8
Crop handling 4502.5 10.9 26737.4 64.7
Livestock handling 2248.7 5.4 28986.1 70.2
Other 12321.7 29.8 41307.8 100.0

Table 3-247. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for hired workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 432.0 1.0 432.0 1.0
Machinery 5341.4 12.9 5773.4 14.0
Livestock 3088.5 7.5 8861.9 21.5
Hand tool $843.3 14.1 14705.2 35.6
Power tool 2275.8 5.5 16981.0 41.1
Pesticide/chem. 114.5 0.3 17095.5 41.4
Plant/tree 3287.9 8.0 20383.4 49.3
Working surface 2919.5 7.1 23302.9 56.4
Truck/auto 620.3 1.5 23923.2 57.9
Other vehicle 1034.3 2.5 24957.5 60.4
Other 16350.3 39.6 41307.8 100.0

202


Table 3-43. Estimates of lost-time injuries by f

arm type for the

West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 1714.2 2.9 1714.2 2.9
Field crops 4853.7 8.1 6567.9 11.0
Veg,fruit,nuts 24463.8 41.0 31031.7 52.0
Nursery 9081.2 15.2 40112.9 67.2
Beef, hogs, sheep 10143.6 17.0 50256.5 84.2
Poultry 895.8 1.5 51152.3 85.7
Dairy 6314.8 10.6 57467.1 96.2
Other farms 2239.0 3.8 59706.1 100.0

Table 3-44. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 17865 .8 29.9 17865.8 29.9
Hired 41307.8 69.2 59173.6 99.1
Other 532.5 0.9 59706.1 100.0
Table 3-45. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the

West region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 56673.0 94.9 56673.0 94.9
Female 3033.1 5.1 §9706.1 100.0

Table 3-46. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the

West region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 2830.6 4.7 2830.6 4.7
20-29 17091.9 28.6 19922.5 33.4
30-39 15965.7 26.7 35888.2 60.1
40-49 13453.2 22.5 49341.4 82.6
50-59 5601.1 9.4 54942.5 92.0
60-69 2699.4 4.5 57641.9 96.5
>=70 2064.2 3.5 §9706.1 100.0

135


Table 4-48. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Florida, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 591.7 27.2 591.7 27.2
Machine maint. 158.5 7.3 750.2 34.4
Field work 509.1 23.4 1259.3 57.8
Crop handling 218.6 10.0 1477.9 67.8
Livestock handling 700.5 32.2 2178.4 100.0

Table 4-49. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Florida, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 49.6 2.3 49.6 2.3
Machinery 409.5 18.8 459.1 21.1
Livestock 700.5 32.2 1159.6 53.2
Hand tool 187.9 8.6 1347.5 61.9
Pesticide/chem. 50.0 2.3 1397.5 64.2
Plant/tree 99.2 4.6 1496.7 68.7
Working surface 148.8 6.8 1645.5 75.5
Other 532.9 24.5 2178.4 100.0

289


Table 3-68. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for livestock operations in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 6572.0 81.0 6572.0 81.0
Hired 1430.0 17.6 8002.0 98.6
Other 113.6 1.4 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-69. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
livestock operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 6137.9 75.6 6137.9 715.6
Female 1977.7 24.4 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-70. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1157.2 14.3 1157.2 14.3
20-29 1951.5 24.0 3108.7 38.3
30-39 859.1 10.6 3967.8 48.9
40-49 1802.8 22.2 5770.6 71.1
50-59 1623.2 20.0 7393.8 91.1
60-69 430.3 5.3 7824.1 96.4
>=70 291.5 3.6 8115.6 100.0

Table 3-71. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for livestock operations in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 8050.7 99.2 8050.7 99.2
Hispanic 64.9 0.8 8115.6 100.0

143


Table 3-354. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 64.9 6.4 64.9 6.4
cut 36.1 3.6 101.0 10.0
Crush 134.6 13.3 235.6 23.3
Fracture 86.8 8.6 322.4 31.9
Puncture 86.8 8.6 409.2 40.5
Other 601.0 59.5 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-355. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 86.8 8.6 86.8 8.6
Caught between 134.6 13.3 221.4 21.9
Struck by/against 36.1 3.6 257.5 25.5
Struck by falling 64.9 6.4 322.4 31.9
Contact sharp obj. 86.8 8.6 409.2 40.5
Other 601.0 $9.5 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-356. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 64.9 6.4 64.9 6.4
Machine maint. 134.6 13.3 199.5 19.7
Field work 209.7 20.8 409.2 40.5
Crop handling 583.3 57.7 992.5 98.2
Livestock handling 17.7 1.8 1010.2 100.0

Table 3-357. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for Hispanic workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 221.4 21.9 221.4 21.9
Plant/tree 36.1 3.6 257.5 25.5
Working surface 64.9 6.4 322.4 31.9
Other 687.8 68.1 1010.2 100.0

241


Table 4-110. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of New Jersey, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 372.6 62.9 372.6 62.9
Partner/family 72.5 12.2 445.1 75.1
Hired labor 147.3 24.9 592.4 100.0

Table 4-111. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of New Jersey, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 483.7 81.7 483.7 81.7
Female 108.7 18.3 592.4 100.0

Table 4-112. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of New Jersey, 1993

Age Cumulative Cumulative
Group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 23.9 4.0 23.9 4.0
20-29 90.0 15.2 113.9 19.2
30-39 117.4 19.8 231.3 39.0
40-49 77.3 13.0 308.5 $2.1
50-59 179.6 30.3 488.1 82.4
60-69 89.1 15.0 577.2 97.4
>=70 15.2 2.6 592.4 100.0

Table 4-113. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of New Jersey, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 521.2 88.0 521.2 88.0
Hispanic 71.2 12.0 592.4 100.0

310


Table 3-87.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for crop operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 642.0 3.7 642.0 3.7
Eye 465.5 2.7 1107.5 6.3
Chest/trunk 2061.6 11.7 3169.1 18.1
Back 3085.3 17.6 6254.4 35.6
Arm/shoulder 1152.9 6.6 7407.3 42.2
Pinger 1672.8 9.5 9080.1 $1.7
Hand/wrist 1907.3 10.9 10987.4 62.6
Leg/knee/hip 2459.8 14.0 13447.2 76.6
Toe 260.9 1.5 13708.1 78.1
Foot 3106.7 17.7 16814.8 95.8
Mult. parts 611.1 3.5 17425.9 99.3
Other 124.8 0.7 17550.7 100.0
Table 3-88. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for crop operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 1262.5 7.2 1262.5 7.2
Cut 4808.8 27.4 6071.3 34.6
Crush 2422.4 13.8 8493.7 48.4
Fracture 2298.8 13.1 10792.5 61.5
Puncture 598.4 3.4 11390.9 64.9
Sprain/strain 3922.8 22.4 15313.7 87.3
Mult. injury 485.4 2.8 15799.1 90.0
Other 1751.6 10.0 17550.7 100.0
Table 3-89. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
crop operations in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in $71.1 3.3 571.1 3.3
Caught between 1352.8 7.7 1923.9 11.0
Caught under 490.9 2.8 2414.8 13.8
Struck by/against 1778.5 10.1 4193.3 23.9
Struck by falling 2839.8 16.2 7033.1 40.1
Struck by flying 335.9 1.9 7369.0 42.0
Contact sharp obj. 2912.9 16.6 10281.9 58.6
Fall, same level 1674.3 9.5 11956.2 68.1
Fall, elevation 1599.8 “9.1 13556.0 717.2
Overexertion 2767.8 15.8 16323.8 93.0
Other 1226.9 7.0 17550.7 100.0

149


Table 4-150. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 279.1 6.6 279.1 6.6
February 265.8 6.2 544.9 12.8
March 0.0 0.0 544.9 12.8
April 200.0 4.7 744.9 17.5
May 465.8 10.9 1210.7 28.4
June 717.3 16.8 1928.0 45.3
July 265.8 6.2 2193.8 51.5
August 574.9 13.5 2768.7 65.0
September 332.9 7.8 3101.6 72.8
October 132.9 3.1 3234.5 75.9
November 549.9 12.9 3784.4 88.9
December 474.4 11.1 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-151. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3661.1 86.0 3661.1 86.0
Permanent 597.7 14.0 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-152. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Oklahoma, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown $97.7 14.0 597.7 14.0
Yes 2503.9 58.8 3101.6 72.8
No 1157.2 27.2 4258.8 100.0

323


Table 2-80. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency | Percent
Farm maint. 9591.1 15.3 9591.1 15.3
Machine maint. 7073.6 11.3 16664.7 26.6
Field work 4237.4 6.8 20902.1 33.4
Crop handling 10180.0 16.3 31082.1 49.7
Livestock handling 26502.9 42.4 57585.0 92.1
Other 4960.9 7.9 62545.9 100.0

Table 2-81. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
injury for beef, hog, or sheep operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2758.8 4.4 2758.8 4.4
Machinery 6926.4 11.1 9685.2 15.5
Livestock 18944.8 30.3 28630.0 45.8
Hand tool 4853.9 7.8 33483.9 53.5
Power tool 2083.2 3.3 35567.1 56.9
Pesticide/chem. 398.6 0.6 35965.7 57.5
Plant/tree 1418.7 2.3 37384.4 59.8
Working surface 5697.6 9.1 43082.0 68.9
Truck/auto 2841.1 4.5 45923.1 73.4
Other vehicle 1424.2 2.3 47347 .3 75.7
Other 15198.6 24.3 62545.9 100.0

42


Table 3-362. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for white
workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2872.7 7.9 2872.7 71.9
February 3975.7 11.0 6848.4 18.9
March 1583.9 4.4 8432.3 23.3
April 2942.8 8.1 11375.1 31.4
May 2772.9 7.6 14148.0 39.0
dune 4935.4 13.6 19083.4 52.6
July 1340.7 3.7 20424.1 56.3
August 3605.9 9.9 24030.0 66.3
September 3022.0 8.3 27052.0 74.6
October 1690.8 4.7 28742.8 79.3
November 3760.2 10.4 32503.0 89.7
December 3750.3 10.3 36253.3 100.0

Table 3-363. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for white workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 31769.3 87.6 31769.3 87.6
Permanent 4111.4 11.3 35880.7 99.0
Fatality 372.6 1.0 36253.3 100.0

Table 3-364. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for white workers in the
South region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 4484.0 12.4 4484.0 12.4
Yes 26398 .0 72.8 30882.0 85.2
No 5371.3 14.8 36253.3 100.0

243


Table 3-252. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for male

workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 109.2 1.0 109.2 1.0
February 376.1 3.4 485.3 4.4
March 361.5 3.3 846.8 7.7
April 592.5 5.4 1439.3 13.21
May 671.9 6.1 2111.2 19.3
Jane 524.7 4.8 2635.9 24.1
July 2949.4 26.9 5585.3 51.0
August 484.7 4.4 6070.0 55.4
September 1448.5 13.2 7518.5 68.6
October 1476.4 13.5 8994.9 82.1
November 876.9 8.0 9871.8 90.1
December 1081.9 9.9 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-253. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the

injury for male workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 10840.1 99.0 10840.1 99.0
Permanent 113.6 1.0 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-254. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for male workers in the

Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 113.6 1.0 113.6 1.0
Yes 9054.3 82.7 9167.9 83.7
No 1785.8 16.3 10953.7 100.0

204

1993.


Table 3-306. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for male workers in the Midwest of the U.S.,
1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 12679.4 17.2 12679.4 17.2
Machine maint. 11146.6 15.1 23826.0 32.3
Field work 9805.3 13.3 33631.3 45.5
Crop handling 14805.4 20.0 48436.7 65.6
Livestock handling 21637.3 29.3 70074.0 94.9
Other 3779.3 5.1 73853.3 100.0

Table 3-307. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 4911.4 6.7 4911.4 6.7
Machinery 15110.1 20.5 20021.5 27.1
Livestock 12973.2 17.6 32994.7 44.7
Hand tool 9411.4 12.7 42406.1 57.4
Power tool 2646.4 3.6 45052.5 61.0
Pesticide/chem. 304.3 0.4 45356.8 61.4
Plant/tree 1395.6 1.9 46752.4 63.3
Working surface 7309.7 9.9 54062.1 73.2
Truck/auto 2820.2 3.8 56882.3 77.0
Other vehicle 2240.1 3.0 59122.4 80.1
Liquids 493.3 0.7 §9615.7 80.7
Other 14237.6 19.3 73853.3 100.0

222


» Of the estimated 126,700 injured family workers, 97 percent
were white, with 43 percent of the injured family members
working on beef, hog, or sheep operations. The estimated
injury rate for family workers on all farms was 7
injuries/200,000 hours.

> Of the estimated 72,600 estimated injuries among hired
workers, Hispanics accounted for 56 percent, with 32 percent
of the injured hired workers working on vegetable, fruit, or
nut operations (23,500 injuries). The injury rate for hired
workers on all farms was 5.5 injuries/200,000 hours.

The tables of farm injury statistics contained in this document
are designed as a resource for safety and health professionals and
researchers to answer the major questions ask about farm-related
work injuries. Farm injury statistics for 1993 are provided for
the Nation, major regions, and selected States. The content of
this document fills a critical information gap by providing
detailed data on agricultural injuries in the U.S.


Table 3-338. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for white
workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 153.5 1.1 153.5 1.1
February 667.6 5.0 821.1 6.1
March 397.6 3.0 1218.7 9.1
April 1381.4 10.3 2600.1 19.4
May 1414.8 10.6 4014.9 30.0
June 746.1 5.6 4761.0 35.5
July 2967.1 22.1 7728.1 57.7
August 1034.9 7.7 8763.0 65.4
September 1347.1 10.1 10110.1 75.4
October 977.7 7.3 11087.8 82.7
November 1231.5 9.2 12319.3 91.9
December 1081.9 8.1 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-339. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for white workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent.
Temporary 12933.0 96.5 12933.0 96.5
Permanent 468.2 3.5 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-340. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for white workers in the
Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 468.2 3.5 468.2 3.5
Yes 10644.0 79.4 11112.2 82.9
No 2289.0 17.1 13401.2 100.0

236


Table 2-61.

nursery operations, 1993.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by month for

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
March 221.0 1.5 221.0 1.5
April 992.2 6.9 1213.2 8.4
May 4639.4 32.1 5852.6 40.5
June 2286.2 15.8 8138.8 56.3
July 2802.3 19.4 10941.1 78.7
August 2137.4 14.8 13078.5 90.4
September 367.0 2.5 13445.5 93.0
October 0.0 0.0 13445.5 93.0
November 456.5 3.2 13902.0 96.1
December 557.9 3.9 14459.9 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 2-62. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for nursery operations, 1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 14459.9 99.0 14459.9 99.0
Permanent 148.8 1.0 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-63. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for nursery operations,

1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 148.8 1.0 148.8 1.0
Yes 13834.8 94.7 13983.6 95.7
No 625.1 4.3 14608.7 100.0

36


Table 4-146. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 3341.5 78.5 3341.5 78.5
Partner/family 265.8 6.2 3607.3 84.7
Hired labor 651.5 15.3 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-147. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 3527.2 82.8 3527.2 82.8
Female 731.6 17.2 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-148. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 412.9 9.7 412.9 9.7
30-39 839.5 19.7 1252.4 29.4
40-49 1026.4 24.1 2278.8 53.5
50-59 812.0 19.1 3090.8 72.6
60-69 527.3 12.4 3618.1 85.0
>=70 640.7 15.0 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-149, Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 3997.3 93.9 3997.3 93.9
American Indian 261.5 6.1 4258.8 100.0

322




Table 3-270. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for female workers in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Field work 935.1 27.0 935.1 27.0
Crop handling 799.8 23.1 1734.9 50.2
Livestock handling 1148.5 33.2 2883.4 83.4
Other 574.3 16.6 3457.7 100.0

Table 3-271. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for female workers in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 423.9 12.3 423.9 12.3
Livestock 926.9 26.8 1350.8 39.1
Plant/tree 114.6 3.3 1465.4 42.4
Working surface 345.1 10.0 1810.5 52.4
Other 1647.2 47.6 3457.7 100.0

210


Table 2-3. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region,
1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 14411.4 7.2 14411.4 7.2
South 44098 .2 21.9 58509.6 29.1
Midwest 82918.0 41.2 141427.6 70.3
West 59706.1 29.7 201133.7 100.0

Table 2-4. National estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type,
1993,

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 29086.7 14.5 29086.7 14.5
Field crops 17229.2 8.6 46315.9 23.0
Veg, fruit, nuts 32628.0 16.2 78943.9 39.2
Nursery 14608.7 7.3 93552.6 46.5
Beef, hogs, sheep 62545.9 31.1 156098.5 77.6
Poultry 2082.1 1.0 158180.6 78.6
Dairy 37122.5 18.5 195303.1 97.1
Other livestock 3538.9 1.8 198842.0 98.9
Other farms 2291.7 1.1 201133.7 100.0

Table 2-5. National etimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 111403.3 55.5 111403.3 55.5
Partner/family 14885.7 7.4 126289.0 63.0
Hired labor 70781.8 35.3 197070.8 98.3
Unpaid nonfamily 1935.9 1.0 199006.7 99.2
Other 1543.0 0.8 200549.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = $84.0)

Table 2-6. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender,
1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 181070.3 90.3 181070.3 90.3
Female 19479.4 9.7 200549.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

15


Table 4-204. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 297.9 7.4 297.9 7.4
Machine maint. 353.0 8.7 650.9 16.1
Field work 1063.3 26.3 1714.2 42.4
Crop handling 362.7 9.0 2076.9 51.3
Livestock handling 463.8 11.5 2540.7 62.8
Other 1505.4 37.2 4046.1 100.0

Table 4-205. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the States of Washington and Alaska, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 49.7 1.2 49.7 1.2
Livestock 303.3 7.5 353.0 8.7
Hand tool 151.0 3.7 504.0 12.5
Power tool 45.8 1.1 549.8 13.6
Pesticide/chem. 45.8 1.1 595.6 14.7
Plant/tree 595.8 14.7 1191.4 29.4
Working surface 437.8 10.8 1629.2 40.3
Liquids 228.2 5.6 1857.4 45.9
Other 2188.7 54.1 4046.1 100.0

341


are not presented for the categorical frequency tables in this
document.

REFERENCES

Cochran WG. [1977]. Sampling Techniques, 3rd Ed. New York, NY: J
Wiley and Sons.

Dillman D. [1978]. Mail and telephone surveys: the total design
method. New York, NY: J Wiley and Sons.

National Coalition for Agricultural Safety and Health. [1989]. A
report to the nation--agricultural occupational and environmental
health: policy strategies for the future. Iowa City, IA: NCASH.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. [1992].
Papers and proceedings of the Surgeon General's conference on
agricultural safety and health. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 92-105.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH.

10


Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to Robin Roark, Terry Holland, Kristen
Stettler, and Rebecca Cross of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) for their
invaluable assistance in the survey design, data collection, data
entry, and review of this work; all of the State NASS cooperators
who collected these data; Melvin L. Myers of NIOSH, Office of the
Director, for his support of this data collection effort; Joyce A.
Blosser of DSR for her assistance in formatting the large number
of tables in this document; Herbert I. Linn, Paul R. Keane, Linda
L. Morton , Karl A. Snyder, Dawn N. Castillo, David E. Fosbroke,
E. Lynn Jenkins, Suzanne M. Kisner, and Larry A. Layne of DSR for
their assistance in reviewing and proofing this document; and,
Shirley M. Carr of NIOSH, Division of Standards Development and
Technology Transfer, for her assistance in preparing this document
for printing.

The author would also like to thank members of the National Safety
Council Agriculture Division for their support of the surveillance
program; and, Thomas L. Bean and his staff at The Ohio State
University for their helpful comments on this document.

vii


Table 3-21. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
erigin for the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 36253.3 82.5 36253.3 82.5
Hispanic 5653.2 12.9 41906.5 95.4
Black 1258.6 2.9 43165.1 98.2
American Indian 784.3 1.8 43949.4 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-22. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
South region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2872.7 6.5 2872.7 6.5
February 3975.7 9.0 6848.4 15.6
March 2127.5 4.8 8975.9 20.4
April 3091.6 7.0 12067.5 27.5
May 2926.3 6.7 14993.8 34.1
June 5451.9 12.4 20445.7 46.5
July 2399.4 5.5 22845.1 52.0
August 4682.0 10.7 27527.1 62.6
September 3694.2 8.4 31221.3 71.0
October 4271.0 9.7 35492.3 80.8
November 3760.2 8.6 39252.5 89.3
December 4696.9 10. 43949.4 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-23. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 39614.2 89.8 39614.2 89.8
Permanent 4111.4 9.3 43725.6 99.2
Fatality 372.6 0.8 44098.2 100.0

Table 3-24. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the South region of
the U.S., 1993.

Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 4484.0 10.2 4484.0 10.2
Yes 33596.3 76.2 38080.3 86.4
No 6017.9 13.6 44098 .2 100.0

128


Table 4-168. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

worker was injured for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm main. 909.3 14.9 909.3 14.9
Machine main. 1163.1 19.0 2072.3 33.9
Field work 1072.7 17.5 3145.1 51.4
Crop handling 1303.4 21.3 4448.5 72.7
Livestock handling 1320.4 21.6 5768.9 94.3
Other 347.4 5.7 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-169. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 132.0 2.2 132.0 2.2
Machinery 1291.5 21.1 1423.5 23.3
Livestock 1055.1 17.2 2478.6 40.5
Hand tool 132.0 2.2 2610.6 42.7
Power tool 776.3 12.7 3386.9 55.4
Working surface 506.8 8.3 3893.7 63.7
Truck/auto 264.0 4.3 4157.7 68.0
Other 1958.6 32.0 6116.3 100.0

329


Table 4-50. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker the State of Iowa, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 9990.7 89.7 9990.7 89.7
Partner/family 360.1 3.2 10350.8 92.9
Hired labor 786.3 7.1 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-51. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Iowa, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 10203.8 91.6 10203.8 91.6
Female 933.3 8.4 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-52. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Iowa, 1993.

Age Cumulative Cumulative
Group Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1753.5 15.7 1753.5 15.7
20-29 1146.4 10.3 2899.9 26.0
30-39 1819.5 16.3 4719.4 42.4
40-49 1719.6 15.4 6439.0 57.8
50-59 2292.8 20.6 8731.8 78.4
60-69 1832.1 16.5 10563.9 94.9
>=70 573.2 5.1 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-53. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 11137.1 100.0 1113721 100.0

290


Table 2-288. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
South 2042.9 51.9 2042.9 51.9
West 1897.1 48.1 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-289. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for black workers and workers of other
races, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 1138.5 28.9 1138.5 28.9
Hired labor 2801.5 71.21 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-290. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender __ Frequency _Percent___ Frequency Percent
Male 3377.5 85.7 3377.5 85.7
Female 562.5 14.3 3940.0 100.0

Table 2-291. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for black workers and workers of other races, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 190.3 4.8 190.3 4.8
20-29 980.6 24.9 1170.9 29.7
30-39 758.0 19.2 1928.9 49.0
40-49 638.1 16.2 2567.0 65.2
50-59 124.8 3.2 2691.8 68.3
60-69 948.2 24.1 3640.0 92.4
>=70 300.0 7.6 3940.0 100.0

106


Table 2-160.
of the U.S. for male workers,

National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 10953.7 6.0 10953.7 6.0
South 39590.3 21.9 50544.0 27.9
Midwest 73853.3 40.8 124397.3 68.7
West 56673.0 31.3 181070.3 100.0

Table 2-161. National estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type

for male workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 27588 .3 15.2 27588 .3 15.2
Field crops 16045.7 8.9 43634.0 24.1
Veg, fruit,nuts 31329.1 17.3 74963.1 41.4
Nursery 13312.5 7.4 88275.6 48.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 55047.9 30.4 143323.5 79.2
Poultry 1411.8 0.8 144735.3 719.9
Dairy 31714.1 17.5 176449.4 97.4
Other farms 4620.9 2.6 181070.3 100.0

Table 2-162. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for male workers, 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 100139.5 55.3 100139.5 55.3
Partner/family 9889.4 §.5 110028.9 60.8
Hired labor 67801.2 37.4 177830.1 98.2
Unpaid nonfamily 1697.2 0.9 179527.3 99.1
Other 1543.0 0.9 181070.3 100.0
Table 2-163. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for male workers, 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 11487.2 6.3 11487.2 6.3
20-29 36843.1 20.3 48330.3 26.7
30-39 44834.3 24.8 93164.6 51.5
40-49 31286.2 17.3 124450.8 68.7
50-59 25672.9 14.2 150123.7 82.9
60-69 19770.4 10.9 169894.1 93.8
>=70 11176.2 6.2 181070.3 100.0

65


Table 3-248. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for male

workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 595.8 5.4 595.8 5.4
Field crops 2182.9 19.9 2778.7 25.4
Veg, fruit, nuts 1297.2 11.8 4075.9 37.2
Nursery 739.9 6.8 4815.8 44.0
Beef, hogs, sheep 1156.4 10.6 5972.2 54.5
Poultry 122.8 1.1 6095.0 55.6
Dairy 4739.6 43.3 10834.6 98.9
Other farms 119.1 1.1 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-249. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for male workers in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 8753.8 79.9 8753.8 719.9
Hired 2086.3 19.0 10840.1 99.0
Other 113.6 1.0 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-250. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 907.7 8.3 907.7 8.3
20-29 2797.3 25.5 3705.0 33.8
30-39 1127.5 10.3 4832.5 44.1
40-49 2113.1 19.3 6945.6 63.4
S0-59 2045.4 18.7 8991.0 82.1
60-69 653.1 6.0 9644.1 88.0
>=70 1309.6 12.0 10953.7 100.0

Table 3-251. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for male workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 9961.2 90.9 9961.2 90.9
Hispanic 992.5 9.1 10953.7 100.0

203


Table 2-3.

National estimates of restricted workdays by region,

1993,
Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 172924.7 5.7 172924.7 $.7
South 773506.8 25.3 946431.5 31.0
Midwest 1276975.9 41.7 2223407.4 72.7
West 836346.1 27.3 3059753.5 100.0
Table 2-6. National estimates of restricted workdays by gender,
1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 2478401.1 81.0 2478401.1 81.0
Female 581352.4 19.0 3059753.5 100.0
Table 2-7. National estimates of restricted workdays by age
group, 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 137817.2 4.5 137817.2 4.5
20-29 236409.9 7.7 374227.1 12.2
30-39 434806.9 14.2 809034.0 26.4
40-49 694125.7 22.7 1503159.7 49.1
50-59 552443.9 18.1 2055603.6 67.2
60-69 752848.9 24.6 2808452.5 91.8
>=70 251301.0 8.2 3059753.5 100.0
Table 2-8. National estimates of restricted workdays by race or
ethnic origin, 1993.
Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 2650754.3 86.6 2650754.3 86.6
Hispanic 314138.4 10.3 2964992.7 96.9
Black 10228.7 0.3 2975221.4 97.2
Asian 66458.9 2.2 3041680.2. 99.4
American Indian 4985.5 0.2 3046665.7 99.6
Other 13187.8 0.4 3059753.5 100.0
Table 2-10. National estimates of restricted workdays by severity

of the injury,

Severity

1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Temporary

20

3059753.5 100.0 3059753.5 100.0


Table 3-56. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for crop operations in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 4204.3 66.8 4204.3 66.8
Hired 2091.5 33.2 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-57. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for crop
operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 4815.8 76.5 4815.8 76.5
Female 1480 23.5 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-58. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for crop
operations in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 126.6 2.0 126.6 2.0
20-29 1753.1 27.8 1879.7 29.9
30-39 874.6 13.9 2754.3 43.7
40-49 778.7 12.4 3533.0 56.1
50-59 623.8 9.9 4156.8 66.0
60-69 898.7 14.3 5055.5 80.3
>=70 1240.3 19.7 6295.8 100.0

Table 3-59. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for crop operations in the Northeast region of the U.S.,
1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 5350.5 85.0 5350.5 85.0
Hispanic 945.3 15.0 6295.8 100.0

139


Table 3-334. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
white workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 595.8 4.4 595.8 4.4
Field crops 1724.8 12.9 2320.6 17.3
Veg, fruit, nuts 741.7 5.5 3062.3 22.9
Nursery 1371.5 10.2 4433.8 33.1
Beef, hogs, sheep 1758.1 13.1 6191.9 46.2
Poultry 150.6 1.1 6342.5 47.3
Dairy 5896.8 44.0 12239.3 91.3
Other farms 1161.9 8.7 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-335. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for white workers in the Northeast region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 10040.7 714.9 10040.7 74.9
Hired 3246.9 24.2 13287.6 99,2
Other 113.6 0.8 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-336. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for white
workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 9961.2 74.3 9961.2 74.3
Female 3440.0 25.7 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-337. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
white workers in the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1283.8 9.6 1283.8 9.6
20-29 3704.6 27.6 4988.4 37.2
30-39 1324.5 9.9 6312.9 AT.1
40-49 2581.5 19.3 8894.4 66.4
50-59 2229.3 16.6 11123.7 83.0
60-69 1329.0 9.9 12452.7 92.9
>=70 948.5 7.1 13401.2 100.0

235


Table 1-2. Geographic regions of the United States used in the
TISF survey.

Scheduled
Region States Survey Year(s)
Northeast Maine 1994
Vermont 1994
New Hampshire 1994
Massachusetts 1995, 1996
Connecticut 1995, 1996
Rhode Island 1995, 1996
New York 1995
Pennsylvania 1994, 1996
New Jersey 1994
South Delaware 1996
Maryland 1996
West Virginia 1995
Kentucky 1995
Virginia 1994, 1996
Tennessee 1994
North Carolina 1994
South Carolina 1995
Georgia 1995
Florida 1994, 1996
Alabama 1995
Mississippi 1996
Louisiana 1996
Arkansas 1996
Oklahoma 1994
Texas 1996
Midwest Ohio 1996
Michigan 1994
Indiana 1995
Illinois 1995
Wisconsin 1994
Minnesota 1996
Iowa 1994
Missouri 1994, 1995
Kansas 1994, 1996
Nebraska 1996
South Dakota 1995
North Dakota 1994
West Montana 1995
Wyoming 1995
Colorado 1994
New Mexico 1996
Arizona 1994
Nevada 1995
Utah 1995
Idaho 1995
Washington 1994
Oregon 1995
California 1994, 1996
Alaska 1994
Hawaii 1996


Table 3-51. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 3023.7 S.1 3023.7 $.1
Eye 7242.5 12.1 10266.2 17.2
Chest/trunk 5883.9 9.9 16150.1 27.0
Back 13999.0 23.4 30149.1 50.5
Arm/shoulder 4969.8 8.3 35118.9 58.8
Finger 7914.6 13.3 43033.5 72.1
Hand/wrist 4365.5 7.3 47399.0 79.4
Leg/knee/hip 6115.9 10.2 53514.9 89.6
Toe 392.6 0.7 53907.5 90.3
Foot 1781.0 3.0 55688.5 93.3
Mult. parts 1240.0 2.1 56928.5 95.3
Other 2777.6 4.7 59706.1 100.0

Table 3-52. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 190.3 0.3 190.3 0.3
Bruise 7385.9 12.4 7576.2 12.7
Burn 1456.5 2.4 9032.7 15.1
cut 9950.5 16.7 18983.2 31.8
Crush 3712.5 6.2 22695.7 38.0
Fracture 5493.2 9.2 28188.9 47.2
Poisoning 356.5 0.6 28545.4 47.8
Puncture 3297.5 5.5 31842.9 53.3
Sprain/strain 21059.6 35.3 52902.5 88.6
Mult. injury 1459.6 2.4 54362.1 91.0
Other 5344.0 9.0 59706.1 100.0

Table 3-53. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1265.5 2.1 1265.5 2.1
Caught between $113.3 8.6 6378.8 10.7
Caught under 1744.4 2.9 8123.2 13.6
Struck by/against 6303.6 10.6 14426.8 24.2
Struck by falling 1907.9 3.2 16334.7 27.4
Struck by flying 3319.9 5.6 19654.6 32.9
Contact sharp obj. 6493.7 10.9 26148.3 43.8
Fall, same level 5483.6 9.2 31631.9 53.0
Fall, elevation 4290.1 7.2 35922.0 60.2
Overexertion 14690.5 24.6 §0612.5 84.8
Other 9093.6 15.2 59706.1 100.0

137


1. Sampling Estimators and Variance Estimators for State
Estimates
ES Ma Fe
2 7 = state mean of the variable of interest
i
L 2
= 1 M _ Sin _ : ‘7
vy; ) 77 na in 4, Min Tn = variance of y,
where:
MOY;
Yu = —#3 = mean of stratum h in state i
tomy,
> (Ying ~ Fu, ?
52> 38 = variance of stratum h in state i
m, 1
m,, = number of farms sampled in stratum h in state i
M,, = number of farms in stratumh in state i

M, = number of farms in state i

L=

number of strata in the state

355


Table 4-182. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 2005.4 53.0 2005.4 53.0
Partner/family 185.0 4.9 2190.4 57.9
Hired labor 1500.4 39.7 3690.8 97.6
Other 92.5 2.4 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-183. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Virginia, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 3269.3 86.4 3269.3 86.4
Female 514.0 13.6 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-184. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Virginia, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 766.8 20.3 766.8 20.3
30-39 1137.1 30.1 1903.9 50.3
40-49 346.4 9.2 2250.3 59.5
50-59 831.4 22.0 3081.7 81.5
60-69 601.6 15.9 3683.3 97.4
>=70 100.0 2.6 3783.3 100.0

Table 4-185. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Virginia, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 2863.4 75.7 2863.4 75.7
Hispanic 691.3 18.3 3554.7 94.0
Black 228.6 6.0 3783.3 100.0

334


Table 4-180. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

injured for the State of Tennessee, 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 501.6 21.3 501.6 21.3
Field work 594.8 25.3 1096.4 46.6
Crop handling 343.4 14.6 1439.8 61.2
Livestock handling 911.2 38.8 2351.0 100.0

Table 4-181. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for the State of Tennessee, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 314.0 13.4 314.0 13.4
Machinery 402.4 17.21 716.4 30.5
Livestock 818.0 34.8 1534.4 65.3
Hand tool 365.9 15.6 1900.3 80.8
Power tool 176.1 7.5 2076.4 88.3
Plant/tree 122.6 5.2 2199.0 93.5
Working surface 29.4 1.3 2228.4 94.8
Other vehicle 122.6 5.2 2351.0 100.0

333


Table 4-216. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 841.5 8.5 841.5 8.5
Machine maint. 752.4 7.6 1593.9 16.1
Field work 1421.1 14.4 3015.0 30.5
Crop handling 3108.6 31.5 6123.6 62.0
Livestock handling 3465.1 35.1 9588.7 97.0
Other 292.0 3.0 9880.7 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-217. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 778.8 7.9 778.8 7.9
Machinery 1752.0 17.7 2530.8 25.6
Livestock 2530.8 25.6 5061.6 51.2
Hand tool 628.8 6.4 5690.4 57.6
Power tool 201.4 2.0 5891.8 59.6
Plant/tree 292.0 3.0 6183.8 62.6
Working surface 1282.4 13.0 7466.2 75.6
Truck/auto 292.0 3.0 7758.2 78.5
Other vehicle 292.0 3.0 8050.2 81.5
Other 1830.5 18.5 9880.7 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

345


Table 3-180. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for family
workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 2378.2 8.6 2378.2 8.6
February 2799.6 10.1 5177.8 18.7
March 1583.9 5.7 6761.7 24.4
April 1407.3 §.1 8169.0 29.5
May 1608.4 5.8 9777.4 35.4
June 3100.9 11.2 12878.3 46.6
July 1340.7 4.8 14219.0 51.4
August 2718.3 9.8 16937.3 61.2
September 2550.7 9.2 19488 .0 70.5
October 1233.7 4.5 20721.7 74.9
November 3059.2 11.1 23780.9 86.0
December 3875.1 14.0 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-181. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for family workers in the Southern region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 24828.7 89.8 24828 .7 89.8
Permanent 2827.3 10.2 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-182. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for family workers in
the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 2827.3 10.2 2827.3 10.2
Yes 19400.1 70.1 22227.4 80.4
No 5428.6 19.6 27656.0 100.0

180


Table 4-156. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 607.7 14.3 607.7 14.3
Machine maint. 1050.2 24.7 1657.9 38.9
Field work 640.8 15.0 2298.7 54.0
Crop handling 545.8 12.8 2844.5 66.8
Livestock handling 1281.4 30.1 4125.9 96.9
Other 132.9 a1 4258.8 100.0

Table 4-157. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Oklahoma, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 647.2 15.2 647.2 15.2
Machinery 573.7 13.5 1220.9 28.7
Livestock 882.7 20.7 2103.6 49.4
Pesticide/chem. 132.9 3.1 2236.5 $2.5
Plant/tree 465.8 10.9 2702.3 63.5
Working surface 332.9 7.8 3035.2 71.3
Truck/auto 332.9 7.8 3368.1 79.1
Other vehicle 132.9 3.1 3501.0 82.2
Other 757.8 17.8 4258.8 100.0

325


Table 2-25. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured for cash grain operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2110.9 7.3 2110.9 7.3
Eye 891.9 3.1 3002.8 10.3
Chest/trunk 2159.6 7.4 5162.4 17.7
Back 2894.5 10.0 8056.9 27.7
Arm/shoulder 3062.9 10.5 11119.8 38.2
Finger 4669.1 16.1 15788.9 54.3
Hand/wrist 2790.9 9.6 18579.8 63.9
Leg/knee/hip 4704.3 16.2 23284.1 80.1
Toe 397.1 1.4 23681.2 81.4
Foot 2510.6 8.6 26191.8 90.0
Mult. parts 2392.3 8.2 28584.1 98.3
Other 502.6 1.7 29086.7 100.0

Table 2-26. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of

the injury for cash grain operations, 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 174.8 0.6 174.8 0.6
Bruise 2694.0 9.3 2868.8 9.9
Burn 644.3 2.2 3513.1 12.1
cut 4774.5 16.4 8287.6 28.5
Crush 1279.6 4.4 9567.2 32.9
Fracture 5909.7 20.3 15476.9 $3.2
Poisoning 115.8 0.4 15592.7 53.6
Puncture 2120.0 7.3 17712.7 60.9
Sprain/strain 5953.8 20.5 23666.5 81.4
Mult. injury 3010.5 10.4 26677.0 91.7
Other 2409.7 8.3 29086.7 100.0

Table 2-27. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for cash grain operations, 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1809.7 6.2 1809.7 6.2
Caught between 3741.7 12.9 $551.4 19.1
Caught under 1936.6 6.7 7488.0 25.7
Struck by/against 4033.6 13.9 11521.6 39.6
Struck by falling 1783.1 6.1 13304.7 45.7
Struck by flying 1134.1 3.9 14438.8 49.6
Contact sharp obj. 2124.1 7.3 16562.9 56.9
Fall, same level 3276.7 11.3 19839.6 68.2
Fall, elevation 3367.1 11.6 23206.7 79.8
Overexertion 2474.2 8.5 25680.9 88.3
Other 3405.8 11.7 29086.7 100.0

25


Table 3-126. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for livestock operations in the Midwest region
of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative

Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 6827.7 13.2 6827.7 13.2
Machine maint. 6807.2 13.1 13634.9 26.3
Field work 4724.5 9.1 18359.4 35.4
Crop handling 11319.9 21.8 29679.3 57.3
Livestock handling 19113.1 36.9 48792.4 94.2
Other 3031.7 5.8 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

Table 3-127. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for livestock operations in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2446.5 4.7 2446.5 4.7
Machinery 9399.7 18.1 11846.2 22.9
Livestock 11444.0 22.1 23290.2 44.9
Hand tool 5648.5 10.9 28938.7 55.8
Power tool 1385.3 2.7 30324.0 58.5
Plant/tree 863.1 1.7 31187.1 60.2
Working surface 4266.6 8.2 35453.7 68.4
Truck/auto 2828.3 5.5 38282.0 73.9
Other vehicle 1500.0 2.9 39782.0 76.8
Other 12042.1 23.2 51824.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

162


Table 3-453. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for black and other race workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 523.6 27.6 523.6 27.6
Livestock 151.9 8.0 675.5 35.6
Hand tool 544.6 28.7 1220.1 64.3
Pesticide/chem. 114.5 6.0 1334.6 70.3
Plant/tree 562.5 29.7 1897.1 100.0

270


Table 3-186. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for family workers in the Southern region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 5240.3 18.9 5240.3 18.9
Machine maint. 2109.2 7.6 7349.5 26.6
Field work 3864.7 14.0 11214.2 40.5
Crop handling 5168.5 18.7 16382.7 59.2
Livestock handling 10968.0 39.7 27350.7 98.9
Other 305.3 1.1 27656.0 100.0

Table 3-187. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for family workers in the Southern region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2781.4 10.1 2781.4 10.1
Machinery 3098.3 11.2 5879.7 21.3
Livestock 8152.6 29.5 14032.3 50.7
Hand tool 1569.0 5.7 15601.3 56.4
Power tool 805.9 2.9 16407.2 59.3
Pesticide/chem. 736.1 2.7 17143.3 62.0
Plant/tree 1123.4 4.1 18266.7 66.0
Working surface 2941.2 10.6 21207.9 76.7
Truck/auto 398.6 1.4 21606.5 78.1
Other vehicle 703.9 2.5 22310.4 80.7
Other 5345.6 19.3 27656.0 100.0

182


Table 4-213. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 292.0 3.0 292.0 3.0
Chest/trunk 584.0 5.9 876.0 8.9
Back 694.8 7.0 1570.8 15.9
Arm/shoulder 1284.6 13.0 2855.4 28.9
Finger 584.0 5.9 3439.4 34.8
Hand/wrist 1317.0 13.3 4756.4 48.1
Leg/knee/hip 2173.5 22.0 6929.9 70.1
Foot 1581.4 16.0 8511.3 86.1
Mult. parts 1077.4 10.9 9588.7 97.0
Other 292.0 3.0 9880.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-214. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 1946.8 19.7 1946.8 19.7
cut 1173.9 11.9 3120.7 31.6
Crush 785.4 7.9 3906.1 39.5
Fracture 1168.0 8 5074.1 51.4
Puncture 292.0 3.0 5366.1 54.3
Sprain/strain 3268.8 33.1 8634.9 87.4
Mult. injury 661.8 6.7 9296.7 94.1
Other 584.0 $.9 9880.7 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-215. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 168.4 1.7 168.4 1.7
Caught between 1564.2 15.8 1732.6 17.5
Caught under 1070.8 10.8 2803.4 28.4
Struck by/against 2562.7 25.9 5366.1 $4.3
Struck by falling 785.4 7.9 6151.5 62.3
Contact sharp obj. 292.0 3.0 6443.5 65.2
Fall, same level 1866.4 18.9 8309.9 84.1
Fall, elevation 876.0 8.9 9185.9 93.0
Overexertion 694.8 7.0 9880.7 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

344


Table 3-440.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when

worker was injured for Hispanic workers in the West region of the

U.S., 1993.

Activity When

Cumulative Cumulative

Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 5519.0 15.7 5519.0 15.7
Machine maint. 1649.5 4.7 7168.5 20.4
Field work 13639.5 38.9 20808.0 59.3
Crop handling 4253.9 12.1 25061.9 71.4
Livestock handling 1295.0 3.7 26356.9 75.1
Other 8749.4 24.9 35106.3 100.0
Table 3-441. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the

injury for Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S.,

Source of

1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 583.9 1.7 $83.9 1.7
Machinery 4084.5 11.6 4668.4 13.3
Livestock 2177.6 6.2 6846.0 19.5
Hand tool 5326.9 15.2 12172.9 34.7
Power tool 2267.1 6.5 14440.0 41.1
Plant/tree 3287.9 9.4 17727.9 50.5
Working surface 2583.3 7.4 20311.2 57.9
Truck/auto 772.2 2.2 21083.4 60.1
Other vehicle 1034.3 2.9 22117.7 63.0
Other 12988 .6 37.0 35106.3 100.0

266


Table 3-430. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 115.8 0.3 115.8 0.3
Field crops 2090.6 6.0 2206.4 6.3
Veg, fruit, nuts 18350.9 52.3 20557.3 58.6
Nursery 6581.2 18.7 27138.5 77.3
Beef, hogs, sheep 1298.8 3.7 28437.3 81.0
Dairy 5026.8 14.3 33464.1 95.3
Other farms 1642.2 4.7 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-431. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for Hispanic workers in the West region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 1074.3 3.1 1074.3 3.1
Hired 33868.0 96.5 34942.3 99.5
Other 164.0 0.5 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-432. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 34186.7 97.4 34186.7 97.4
Female 919.6 2.6 35106.3 100.0

Table 3-433. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
Hispanic workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 194.4 0.6 194.4 0.6
20-29 12777.4 36.4 12971.8 37.0
30-39 11033.9 31.4 24005.7 68.4
40-49 8163.9 23.3 32169.6 91.6
50-59 2326.6 6.6 34496.2 98.3
>=70 610.1 1.7 35106.3 100.0

263


Table 2-252. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 1696.2 8.1 1696.2 8.1
Machinery 1713.2 8.2 3409.4 16.2
Livestock 5269.0 25.1 8678.4 41.3
Hand tool 2499.7 11.9 11178.1 53.2
Pesticide/chem. 115.8 0.6 11293.9 53.8
Plant/tree 1099.1 5.2 12393.0 59.0
Working surface 2519.9 12.0 14912.9 71.0
Liquids 422.0 2.0 15334.9 73.0
Other 5673.9 27.0 21008.8 100.0

94


Table 3-47. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 22702.7 38.0 22702.7 38.0
Hispanic 35106.3 58.8 57809.0 96.8
Black 164.0 0.3 57973.0 97.1
Asian 752.8 1.3 §8725.8 98.4
American Indian 190.3 0.3 58916.1 98.7
Other 790.0 1.3 59706.1 100.0

Table 3-48. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the West
region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
January 4039.4 6.8 4039.4 6.8
February 1026.1 1.7 5065.5 8.5
March 4113.4 6.9 9178.9 15.4
April 2126.7 3.6 11305.6 18.9
May 4338.1 7.3 15643.7 26.2
June 7644.0 12.8 23287.7 39.0
July 9133.2 15.3 32420.9 54.3
August 9660.1 16.2 42081.0 70.5
September 4475.3 7.5 46556.3 78.0
October 3521.7 5.9 50078.0 83.9
November 5499.1 9.2 $5577.1 93.1
December 4108.2 6.9 59685.3 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 3-49. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 57090.9 95.6 57090.9 95.6
Permanent 2615.2 4.4 59706.1 100.0

Table 3-50. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the West region of
the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 2615.2 4.4 2615.2 4.4
Yes 48381.8 81.0 $0997.0 85.4
No 8709.1 14.6 59706.1 100.0

136


Table 4-42. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Florida, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 69.8 3.3 69.8 3.3
February 360.2 16.9 430.0 20.2
March 208.1 9.8 638.1 30.0
April 255.0 12.0 893.1 42.0
May 125.1 5.9 1018.2 47.8
June 237.9 11.2 1256.1 59.0
July 49.6 2.3 1305.7 61.3
August 49.6 2.3 1355.3 63.7
September 99.2 4.7 1454.5 68.3
October 485.1 22.8 1939.6 91.1
November 119.4 5.6 2059.0 96.7
December 69.8 3.3 2128.8 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 49.6)

Table 4-43. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Florida, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 2059.0 94.5 2059.0 94.5
Permanent 119.4 5.5 2178.4 100.0

Table 4-44. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Florida, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 119.4 5.5 119.4 5.5
Yes 1801.3 82.7 1920.7 88.2
No 257.7 11.8 2178.4 100.0

287


Table 2-231. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 23657.1 78.0 23657.1 78.0
Partner/family 1229.4 4.1 24886.5 82.0
Hired labor 4872.2 6.1 29758.7 98.1
Unpaid nonfamily 285.0 0.9 30043.7 99.0
Other 297.0 1.0 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-232. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993. .

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 25672.9 84.6 25672.9 84.6
Female 4667.8 15.4 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-233. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 27619.3 91.0 27619.3 91.0
Hipanic 2596.6 8.6 30215.9 99.6
Black 124.8 0.4 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-234. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1401.7 4.6 1401.7 4.6
February 1502.2 5.0 2903.9 9.6
March $45.6 1.8 3449.5 11.4
April 3106.8 10.2 6556.3 21.6
May 3242.1 10.7 9798.4 32.3
June 4196.6 13.8 13995.0 46.1
July 2639.7 8.7 16634.7 54.8
August 1006.8 3.3 17641.5 58.1
September 2677.0 8.8 20318.5 67.0
October 4194.9 13.8 24513.4 80.8
November 3723.4 12.3 28236.8 93.1
December 2103.9 6.9 30340.7 100.0

87


Table 4-114. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of New Jersey, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 38.9 6.6 38.9 6.6
February $2.1 8.8 91.0 15.4
March 43.3 7.3 134.3 22.7
April 57.3 9.7 191.9 32.4
May 115.9 19.6 307.8 $1.9
June 0.0 19.6 307.8 $1.9
July 71.8 12.1 379.5 64.1
August 61.1 10.3 440.6 74.4
September 33.6 5.7 474.2 80.0
October 31.8 5.4 506.0 85.4
November 54.1 9.1 560.1 94.6
December 32.3 5.4 $92.4 100.0
Table 4-115. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of New Jersey, 1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 592.4 100.0 592.4 100.0
Table 4-116. Estimates of lost~time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was required for the State of New

Jersey, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes $10.3 86.1 510.3 86.1
No 82.1 13.9 592.4 100.0
Table 4-117. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of New Jersey, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 114.3 19.3 114.3 19.3
Eye 33.6 §.7 148.0 25.0
Chest/trunk 24.6 4.1 172.5 29.1
Back 97.7 16.5 270.3 45.6
Arm/shoulder 57.6 9.7 327.8 55.3
Finger 50.9 8.6 378.7 63.9
Hand/wrist 46.8 7.9 425.4 71.8
Leg/knee/hip 64.4 10.9 489.9 82.7
Toe 10.6 1.8 $00.5 84.5
Foot 53.0 8.9 553.5 93.4
Mult. parts 38.9 6.6 592.4 100.0

311


Table 3-284. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for

female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 600.0 13.3 600.0 13.3
Field crops 252.3 5.6 852.3 18.9
Nursery 595.2 13.2 1447.5 32.1
Beef, hogs, sheep 2704.4 60.0 4151.9 92.1
Dairy 179.6 4.0 4331.5 96.1
Other farms 176.4 3.9 4507.9 100.0

Table 3-285.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the

injured worker for female workers in the South region of the U.S.,

1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 4061.5 90.1 4061.5 90.1
Hired 446.4 9.9 4507.9 100.0

Table 3-286.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for

female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
30-39 1102.4 25.3 1102.4 25.3
40-49 815.2 18.7 1917.6 44.0
50-59 1894.1 43.5 3811.7 87.4
>=70 547.4 12.6 4359.1 100.0

Table 3-287.

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for female workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic, Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 4061.5 93.2 4061.5 93.2
Hispanic 297.6 6.8 4359.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing

= 148.8)

215


Table 3-207.

for family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 3345.2 4.8 3345.2 4.8
Bye 3422.8 4.9 6768.0 9.7
Chest/trunk 3332.1 4.8 10100.1 14.4
Back 9197.5 13.1 19297.6 27.6
Arm/shoulder 6556.2 9.4 25853.8 36.9
Finger 7165.8 10.2 33019.6 47.2
Hand/wrist 9197.7 13.1 42217.3 60.3
Leg/knee/hip 13090.6 18.7 55307.9 79.0
Toe 174.8 0.2 55482.7 79.3
Foot 7052.0 10.1 62534.7 89.3
Mult. parts 6440.2 9.2 68974.9 98.5
Other 1016.0 1.5 69990.9 100.0
Table 3-208. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 174.8 0.2 174.8 0.2
Bruise 8426.1 12.0 8600.9 12.3
Burn 58.7 0.1 8659.6 12.4
cut 13896.9 19.9 22556.5 32.2
Crush 4534.3 6.5 27090.8 38.7
Fracture 10102.0 14.4 37192.8 $3.1
Puncture 4309.1 6.2 41501.9 59.3
Sprain/strain 17712.8 25.3 59214.7 84.6
Mult. injury 6394.3 9.1 65609.0 93.7
Other 4381.9 6.3 69990.9 100.0

Table 3-209.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1383.6 2.0 1383.6 2.0
Caught between 6532.7 9.3 7916.3 11.3
Caught under 5028.1 7.2 12944.4 18.5
Struck by/against 16823.0 24.0 29767.4 42.5
Struck by falling 2800.5 4.0 32567.9 46.5
Struck by flying 1871.5 2.7 34439.4 49.2
Contact sharp obj. 7622.6 10.9 42062.0 60.1
Fall, same level 10171.2 14.5 52233.2 74.6
Fall, elevation 6682.7 9.5 58915.9 84.2
Overexertion 6303.7 9.0 65219.6 93.2
Other 4771.3 6.8 69990.9 100.0

189




15 to 19 depending on the year of the survey. The second-stage
sample is a stratified simple random sample of farming operations
(i.e., secondary units) within the selected first-stage units.

The second-stage stratification is by type of farming operation.
Sample size allocations within strata are proportionally allocated
by farm type. The total number of farms in each primary unit are
given in Table 1-1. All responses to the mail survey are on a
"per farm" basis. The second-stage sample size (n,) is 1,400 farms
per first-stage sampling unit.

Upon completion of the mail survey, a random sample of 1,000
nonrespondents from all primary units are contacted by telephone
to obtain basic survey information which is used to assess
nonresponse bias in the mail survey.

Injury, Restricted Workday, and Exposure Estimates:

The national and regional estimates and variances for injuries,
restricted workdays, and hours of exposure are obtained by using
the unbiased estimators of a two-stage sample, which are presented
in Appendix B. The State estimates for injuries and hours of
exposure are obtained using the unbiased estimator for a
stratified simple random sample (Appendix B.). All sample-based
estimators and variance estimators are derived from Cochran
[1977].

Incidence Rate Estimates:

The injury incidence rates and the restricted workday incidence
rates are estimated as the estimated injuries or restricted
workdays at the State, regional, or national level divided by the
estimated exposure at the State, regional, or national level
respectively. The rates are then expressed in terms of 200,000
hours, which is the Bureau of Labor Statistics definition of 100
full-time workers [BLS, 1990].

The sampling variance calculations for the exposure-based incident
rates are estimated using the linear combination of variances of
the injury frequency estimate and the exposure estimate as
described by Cochran [1977]. The general form of the variance
expression is:

v(R) = 200, 0002 (S)7tviy)+ R’v(x)- 2R cov(y,x)]

where: v(R)= variance of the rate, R;
vy variance for the numerator (e.g., injuries);
v(x)= variance for the hours of exposure;
cov(y,X)= covariance between the numerator and the
hours of exposure;
® = mean for hours of exposure.



Table 2-249.

of the injury for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 588.9 2.8 588.9 2.8
Bruise 1411.9 6.7 2000.8 9.5
Burn 422.0 2.0 2422.8 11.5
cut 3385.2 16.1 5808.0 27.6
Crush 2277.1 10.8 8085.1 38.5
Fracture $556.3 26.4 13641.4 64.9
Poisoning 115.8 0.6 13757.2 65.5
Puncture 558.2 2.7 14315.4 68.1
Sprain/strain 2426.7 11.6 16742.1 79.7
Mult. injury 2239.7 10.7 18981.8 90.4
Other 2027.0 9.6 21008.8 100.0
Table 2-250. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Caught in 398.6 1.9 398.6 1.9
Caught between 1479.0 7.0 1877.6 8.9
Caught under 743.1 3.5 2620.7 12.5
Struck by/against 4633.3 22.1 7254.0 34.5
Struck by falling 1942.5 9.2 9196.5 43.8
Struck by flying 1152.3 5.5 10348.8 49.3
Contact sharp obj. 1193.8 5.7 11542.6 54.9
Fall, same level 4702.9 22.4 16245.5 717.3
Fall, elevation 1696.2 8.1 17941.7 85.4
Overexertion 1747.6 8.3 19689.3 93.7
Other 1319.5 6.3 21008.8 100.0

Table 2-251. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity

when injured for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 5480.4 26.1 5480.4 26.1
Machine maint. 3199.9 15.2 8680.3 41.3
Field work 2394.2 11.4 11074.5 52.7
Crop handling 2146.5 10.2 13221.0 62.9
Livestock handling 6922.1 32.9 20143.1 95.9
Other 865.7 4.1 21008.8 100.0

93


Table 3-188. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 906.8 5.6 906.8 5.6
Field crops 3486.5 21.6 4393.3 27.2
veg, fruit,nuts 3046.4 18.8 7439.7 46.0
Nursery 2221.6 13.7 9661.3 59.8
Beef, hogs, sheep 1867.0 11.5 11528.3 71.3
Poultry 285.0 1.8 11813.3 73.1
Dairy 3658.7 22.6 15472.0 95.7
Other farms 692.7 4.3 16164.7 100.0

Table 3-189. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for hired
workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 15718 .3 97.2 15718.3 97.2
Female 446.4 2.8 16164.7 100.0

Table 3-190. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 1075.4 6.7 1075.4 6.7
20-29 6535.6 40.8 7611.0 47.5
30-39 5911.1 36.9 13522.1 84,4
40-49 1531.7 9.6 15053.8 94.0
50-59 662.1 4.1 15715.9 98.1
>=70 300.0 1.9 16015.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

Table 3-191. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for hired workers in the Southern region of the U.S., 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 8983.0 56.1 8983.0 56.1
Hispanic $375.7 33.6 14358.7 89.7
Black 1258.6 7.9 15617.3 97.5
American Indian 398.6 2.5 16015.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 148.8)

183


Table 2-264. National estimates of lost-time injuries by region
of the U.S. for white workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 13401.2 8.8 13401.2 8.8
South 36253.3 23.8 49654.5 32.6
Midwest 80186.8 52.6 129841.3 85.1
West 22702.7 14.9 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-265. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for white workers, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 107838.0 70.7 107838.0 70.7
Partner/family 14885.7 9.8 122723.7 80.5
Hired labor 27295.2 17.9 150018.9 98.3
Unpaid nonfamily 1598.4 1.0 151617.3 99.4
Other 926.7 0.6 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-266. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for white workers, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 135010.8 88.5 135010.8 88.5
Female 17533.2 11.5 152544.0 100.0

Table 2-267. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age
group for white workers, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 11872.1 7.8 11872.1 7.8
20-29 20579.6 13.5 32451.7 21.3
30-39 35302.5 23.1 67754.2 44.4
40-49 27170.1 17.8 94924.3 62.2
50-59 27619.3 18.1 122543.6 80.3
60-69 20001.9 13.1 142545.5 93.4
>=70 9998.5 6.6 52544.0 100.0

98


Table 3-296.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for male

workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 23043.1 31.2 23043.1 31.2
Field crops 3179.7 4.3 26222.8 35.5
Veg, fruit, nuts 1581.3 2.1 27804.1 37.6
Nursery 1716.2 2.3 29520.3 40.0
Beef, hogs, sheep 27362.6 37.0 56882.9 77.0
Dairy 16970.4 3.0 73853.3 100.0
Table 3-297. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Family 61730.1 83.6 61730.1 83.6
Hired 11503.8 15.6 73233.9 99.2
Other 619.4 0.8 73853.3 100.0
Table 3-298. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 6354.7 8.6 6354.7 8.6
20-29 9340.3 12.6 15695.0 21.3
30-39 19528.9 26.4 35223.9 47.7
40-49 10524.4 14.3 45748 .3 61.9
50-59 13401.1 18.1 59149.4 80.1
60-69 10836.9 14.7 69986.3 94.8
>=70 3867.0 5.2 73853.3 100.0
Table 3-299. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic

origin for male workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.
Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 71706.1 97.3 71706.1 97.3
Hispanic 1972.4 2.7 73678.5 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

219


Table 4-98. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of Missouri, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 3442.3 75.6 3442.3 75.6
Partner/family 546.0 12.0 3988.3 87.6
Hired labor 430.9 9.5 4419.2 97.0
Unpaid nonfamily 135.5 3.0 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-99. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of Missouri, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 4415.2 96.9 4415.2 96.9
Female 139.5 3.1 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-100. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of Missouri, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 139.5 3.1 139.5 3.1
20-29 135.5 3.0 275.0 6.0
30-39 1225.0 26.9 1500.0 32.9
40-49 554.0 12.2 2054.0 45.1
50-59 705.9 15.5 2759.9 60.6
60-69 1240.8 27.2 4000.7 87.8
>=70 554.0 12.2 4554.7 100.0

Table 4-101. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of Missouri, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 4275.7 93.9 4275.7 93.9
Hispanic 279.0 6.1 4554.7 100.0

306


Table 4-69. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent. Frequency Percent
Head/neck 336.9 5.7 336.9 5.7
Chest/trunk 111.2 1.9 448.1 7.6
Back 493.6 8.3 941.7 15.9
Arm/shoulder 111.2 1.9 1052.9 17.8
Finger 1148.4 19.4 2201.3 37.2
Hand/wrist 463.0 7.8 2664.3 45.0
Leg/knee/hip 1166.6 19.7 3830.9 64.7
Toe 111.2 1.9 3942.1 66.6
Foot 712.0 12.0 4654.1 78.6
Mult. parts 1183.3 20.0 5837.4 98.6
Other 80.5 1.4 §917.9 100.0

Table 4-70. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of the
injury for the State of Kansas, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 1197.2 20.2 1197.2 20.2
Burn 127.9 2.2 1325.1 22.4
cut 1135.0 19.2 2460.1 41.6
Crush 222.4 3.8 2682.5 45.3
Fracture 320.2 5.4 3002.7 50.7
Poisoning 16.7 0.3 3019.4 $1.0
Puncture 333.6 5.6 3353.0 56.7
Sprain/strain 1095.4 18.5 4448.4 75.2
Mult. injury 1277.8 21.6 5726.2 96.8
Other 191.7 3.2 5917.9 100.0

Table 4-71. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
the State of Kansas, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 907.8 15.3 907.8 15.3
Caught under 351.8 5.9 1259.6 21.3
Struck by/against 1473.4 24.9 2733.0 46.2
Struck by falling 484.8 8.2 3217.8 54.4
Struck by flying 463.0 7.8 3680.8 62.2
Contact sharp obj. 463.0 7.8 4143.8 70.0
Fall, same level 703.6 11.9 4847.4 81.9
Fall, elevation 30.6 0.5 4878.0 82.4
Overexertion 351.8 5.9 5229.8 88.4
Other 688.1 11.6 5917.9 100.0

296


Table 3-231.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 654.6 3.7 654.6 3.7
Eye 622.4 3.5 1277.0 7.1
Chest/trunk 1500.7 8.4 2777.7 15.5
Back 2274.2 12.7 5051.9 28.3
Arm/shoulder 1283.2 7.2 6335.1 35.5
Finger 3508.5 19.6 9843.6 55.1
Hand/wrist 1840.6 10.3 11684.2 65.4
Leg/knee/hip 3647.1 20.4 15331.3 85.8
Toe 392.6 2.2 15723.9 88.0
Foot 826.6 4.6 16550.5 92.6
Mult. parts 893.4 5.0 17443.9 97.6
Other 421.9 2.4 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-232. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury

for family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 190.3 1.1 190.3 1.1
Bruise 1595.4 8.9 1785.7 10.0
Burn 422.0 2.4 2207.7 12.4
cut 2933.5 16.4 5141.2 28.8
Crush 2027.5 11.3 7168.7 40.1
Fracture 3609.8 20.2 10778.5 60.3
Poisoning 356.5 2.0 11135.0 62.3
Puncture 1895.4 10.6 13030.4 72.9
Sprain/strain 2672.9 15.0 15703.3 87.9
Mult. injury 1311.2 7.3 17014.5 95.2
Other 851.3 4.8 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-233.

family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 455.7 2.6 455.7 2.6
Caught between 3031.7 17.0 3487.4 19.5
Caught under 511.7 2.9 3999.1 22.4
Struck by/against 1778.2 10.0 5777.3 32.3
Struck by falling 450.9 2.5 6228.2 34.9
Struck by flying 1895.4 10.6 8123.6 45.5
Contact sharp obj. 1904.6 10.7 10028.2 56.1
Fall, same level 2215.5 12.4 12243.7 68.5
Fall, elevation 2544.1 14.2 14787.8 82.8
Overexertion 1418.5 7.9 16206.3 90.7
Other 1659.5 9.3 17865.8 100.0

197


Table 3-204. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for family
workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 3915.9 5.6 3915.9 5.6
February 1603.9 2.3 5519.8 7.9
March 1628.4 2.3 7148.2 10.2
April 6713.8 9.6 13862.0 19.8
May 4489.9 6.4 18351.9 26.2
June 10526.2 15.0 28878.1 41.3
July 9854.1 14.1 38732.2 55.3
August 7666.0 11.0 46398.2 66.3
September 9943.9 14.2 56342.1 80.5
October 5667.2 8.1 62009.3 88.6
November 5212.3 7.4 67221.6 96.0
December 2769.3 4.0 69990.9 100.0
Table 3-205. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for family workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 67307.1 96.2 67307.1 96.2
Permanent 1805.5 2.6 69112.6 98.7
Fatality 878.3 1.3 69990.9 100.0

Table 3-206. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for family workers in
the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 2683.8 3.8 2683.8 3.8
Yes 55669.7 79.5 58353.5 83.4
No 11637.4 16.6 69990.9 100.0

188


Table 2-302. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury and the body part
injured.

Body Part Injured

{Head/ I |Chest/ | |Arm/ | |
Nature of Injury |neck |Eye {trunk |Back |shoulder |Finger | Total
wee enn +--+ ane fp nn pn tn ttn ne pnt
Amputation | Oo} oO | 0 | oO | 0 | 963.88 | 1154
ooee renee -------- Sa ea a
Bruise {| 1373.9 | 403.83 | 5075.3 | 2629.2 | 3869 | 1565.3 | 27739
eocen------------ Sa ee
Burn | 1067.8 | 171.21 | | 0 | 222.33 | 0 | 2282
----------------- fon nnn nn nto nnn nn nnn tenn nnn nn tonne ne nn po nn nnn poet
Cut | 3551.3 | 5558.6 | Oo | Oo} 1970.1 | 11343 | 37434
----------------- fanaa nnn nnn pain nnn nnn tenn nnn nn pone nn nnn penn nnn ent enn nnn nit
Crush | 582.08 | O | 1458.7 | 330.15 | 174.81 | $516 | 13459
wo--------------- fen nn nnn pan nnn nn nn pin nnn nn ton nn nnn nn tence enters nena nt
Fracture | 763.15 | Oo} 5090 | 2535.2 | 2840.5 | 2448.7 {| 30574
o---------------- fama nnn nnn penn nnn nnn penne nnn pon nnn nnn penn nnn nnn tenn nnn nent
Poisoning | Oo! Oo | Oo} Oo | a 0 | 390
2n--------------- freee nnn rte nnn nn apace nn nn poner nn nn pennant enn nnn nant
Puncture | 993.05 | 1655.5 | 174.81 | 222.33 | 20.833 | 501.42 | 9792
woo ------- += == pee nn nf on nn an en a nn nn fe nn en pee ent
Sprain/Strain | $24.25 | O | 4311.8 | 22930 | 3545.2 | 270.97 | 51382
mower ene ec ence nn -- poe nnn nn penn nnn nn tonne nnn nn penn nnn nn tn nnn nnn nn pennant
Mult. Injury | $77.99 | 576.12 | 211.76 | O } 638.75 | 925.85 | 11713
ooe-------------- po ce anna nape n nn nnn nt nn nn nnn penn nnn nn tenn nnn pene et
Other | 772.7 «4 5147 | 785.63 | 1406.2 | 2127 | 822.81 | 14631
 tatatateiaiatatanatetatateneetel | eae en he ees

Total 10206.2 13512.3 7108.1 30052.8 15408.4 24358.4 200550


Table 2-145. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for hired workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 10499.8 14.4 10499.8 14.4
Machine maint. 8530.1 11.7 19029.9 26.2
Field work 22040.7 30.3 41070.6 56.5
Crop handling 10574.0 14.5 $1644.6 71.0
Livestock handling 7589.7 10.4 59234.3 81.5
Other 13483.4 18.5 72717.7 100.0

Table 2-146. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for hired workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 3347.6 4.6 3347.6 4.6
Machinery 14953.3 20.6 18300.9 25.2
Livestock 6677.3 9.2 24978 .2 34.3
Hand tool 8495.8 11.7 33474.0 46.0
Power tool 2275.8 3.1 35749.8 49.2
Pesticide/chem. 331.1 0.5 36080.9 49.6
Plant/tree 4786.1 6.6 40867.0 56.2
Working surface 4571.2 6.3 45438 .2 62.5
Truck/auto 2535.9 3.5 47974.1 66.0
Other vehicle 2055.3 2.8 50029.4 68.8
Liquids 493.3 0.7 50522.7 69.5
Other 22195.0 30.5 72717.7 100.0

61


Table 3-344. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for white workers in the Northeast region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 1982.0 14.8 1982.0 14.8
Machine maint. 2237.2 16.7 4219.2 31.5
Field work 2492.5 18.6 6711.7 50.1
Crop handling 2253.3 16.8 8965.0 66.9
Livestock handling 3306.3 24.7 12271.3 91.6
Other 1129.9 8.4 13401.2 100.0

Table 3-345. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for white workers in the Northeast region of the U-S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 316.9 2.4 316.9 2.4
Machinery 2589.4 19.3 2906.3 21.7
Livestock 2656.2 19.8 5562.5 41.5
Hand tool 427.9 3.2 5990.4 44.7
Power tool 1465.2 10.9 7455.6 55.6
Plant/tree 326.6 2.4 7782.2 58.1
Working surface 1413.9 10.6 9196.1 68.6
Truck/auto 471.1 3.5 9667.2 72.1
Other vehicle 69.3 0.5 9736.5 72.7
Other 3664.7 27.3 13401.2 100.0

238


Table 2-168. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body

part injured for male workers, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 8159.7 4.5 8159.7 4.5
Eye 13283.1 7.3 21442.8 11.8
Chest/trunk 16953.4 9.4 38396.2 21.2
Back 27868.7 15.4 66264.9 36.6
Arm/shoulder 13253.6 7.3 79518.5 43.9
Finger 22775.8 12.6 102294.3 56.5
Hand/wrist 20149.6 11.1 122443.9 67.6
Leg/knee/hip 26810.5 14.8 149254.4 82.4
Toe 1813.2 1.0 151067.6 83.4
Foot 15544.5 8.6 166612.1 92.0
Mult. parts 10470.5 5.8 177082.6 97.8
Other 3987.7 2.2 181070.3 100.0

Table 2-169. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature

of the injury for male workers, 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 1019.6 0.6 1019.6 0.6
Bruise 24870.3 13.7 25889.9 14.3
Burn 1883.3 1.0 27773 .2 15.3
cut 33820.5 18.7 61593.7 34.0
Crush 12669.2 7.0 74262.9 41.0
Fracture 26339.9 14.5 100602.8 55.6
Poisoning 162.1 O.1 100764.9 55.6
Puncture 9677.7 §.3 110442.6 61.0
Sprain/strain 47126.6 26.0 157569.2 87.0
Mult. injury 9965.5 5.5 167534.7 92.5
Other 13535.6 7.5 181070.3 100.0

Table 2-170. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for male workers, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 4929.2 2.7 4929.2 2.7
Caught between 17262.7 9.5 22191.9 12.3
Caught under 6898.6 3.8 29090.5 16.1
Struck by/against 33084.7 18.3 62175.2 34.3
Struck by falling 9765.4 5.4 71940.6 39.7
Struck by flying 7124.0 3.9 79064.6 43.7
Contact sharp obj. 20406.0 11.3 99470.6 54.9
Fall, same level 19909.3 11.0 119379.9 65.9
Fall, elevation 17845.2 9.9 137225.1 75.8
Overexertion 25227.2 13.9 162452.3 89.7
Other 18618.0 10.3 181070.3 100.0

67


Table 3-228. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for family
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1771.5 9.9 1771.5 9.9
February 758.9 4.2 2530.4 14.2
March 1995.8 11.2 4526.2 25.3
April 447.1 2.5 4973.3 27.8
May 462.1 2.6 5435.4 30.4
June 847.7 4.7 6283.1 35.2
July 2565.6 14.4 8848.7 49.5
August 2418.4 13.5 11267.1 63.1
September 1464.5 8.2 12731.6 71.3
October 457.5 2.6 13189.1 73.8
November 1260.5 7.1 14449.6 80.9
December 3416.2 19.1 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-229. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for family workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 16387.2 91.7 16387.2 91.7
Permanent 1478.6 8.3 17865.8 100.0

Table 3-230. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for family workers in
the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1478.6 8.3 1478.6 8.3
Yes 13888.1 77.7 15366.7 86.0
No 2499.1 14.0 17865.8 100.0

196


Table 4-84. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and
Vermont, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm main. 241.1 12.4 241.1 12.4
Machine main. 193.6 10.0 434.6 22.4
Field work 410.4 21.2 845.1 43.6
Crop handling 227.7 11.7 1072.7 55.3
Livestock handling $51.7 28.5 1624.5 83.8
Other 314.0 16.2 1938.4 100.0

Table 4-85. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 33.1 1.7 33.1 1.7
Machinery 289.0 14.9 322.0 16.6
Livestock 426.9 22.0 748.9 38.6
Hand tool 124.8 6.4 873.7 45.1
Power tool 102.9 5.3 976.6 50.4
Plant/tree 135.4 7.0 1112.0 57.4
Working surface 235.2 12.1 1347.1 69.5
Other vehicle 41.6 2.1 1388.7 71.6
Other 549.7 28.4 1938.4 100.0

301


Table 4-162.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the

State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 53.2 0.9 53.2 0.9
February 265.3 4.3 318.5 5.2
March 133.3 2.2 451.8 7.4
April 810.1 13.2 1262.0 20.6
May 449.4 7.3 1711.4 28.0
June 264.8 4.3 1976.2 32.3
July 1273.7 20.8 3249.9 53.1
August 476.7 7.8 3726.6 60.9
September 558.8 9.1 4285.4 70.1
October 751.2 12.3 5036.6 82.3
November 610.1 10.0 5646.6 92.3
December 469.1 7.7 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-163.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Pennsylvania, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 5877.0 96.1 5877.0 96.1
Permanent 239.3 3.9 6116.3 100.0

Table 4-164.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was required for the State of

Pennsylvania, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 4938.1 80.7 4938.1 3.9
No 938.9 15.4 5877.0 96.1
Unknown 239.3 3.9 6116.3 100.0

327




Table 3-108. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for crop
operations in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1230.2 4.1 1230.2 4.1
February 785.9 2.6 2016.1 6.6
March 641.7 2.1 2657.8 8.8
April 3783.0 12.5 6440.8 21.2
May 3772.6 12.4 10213.4 33.7
June 5205.9 17.2 15419.3 50.8
July 3445.0 11.4 18864.3 62.2
August 2360.1 7.8 21224.4 70.0
September 3667.7 12.1 24892.1 82.1
October 2797.0 9.2 27689.1 91.3
November 874.4 2.9 28563.5 94.2
December 1771.6 5.8 30335.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 3-109. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for crop operations in the Midwest region of the U.S.,
1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 28938 .8 95.4 28938 .8 95.4
Permanent 1221.5 4.0 30160.3 99.4
Fatality 174.8 0.6 30335.1 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 3-110. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for crop operations in
the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention : Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1571.1 5.1 1571.1 5.1
Yes 24705.0 81.0 26276.1 86.1
No 4233.8 13.9 30509.9 100.0

156


Table 3-324. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for male
workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 4039.4 7.1 4039.4 7.1
February 1026.1 1.8 5065.5 8.9
March 3863.4 6.8 8928.9 15.8
April 1827.7 3.2 10756.6 19.0
May 4143.7 7.3 14900.3 26.3
June 6801.5 12.0 21701.8 38.3
July 9133.2 16.1 30835.0 54.4
August 9545.6 16.8 40380.6 71.3
September 4323.4 7.6 44704.0 78.9
October 3140.0 5.5 47844.0 84.5
November 5308.8 9.4 53152.8 93.8
December 3499.4 6.2 $6652.2 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 20.8)

Table 3-325. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for male workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 54209.7 95.7 $4209.7 95.7
Permanent 2463.3 4.3 56673.0 100.0

Table 3-326. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for male workers in the
West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Known 2463.3 4.3 2463.3 4.3
Yes 45500.6 80.3 47963.9 84.6
No 8709.1 15.4 56673.0 100.0

228


Table 4-210. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1135.7 11.5 1135.7 11.5
February 0.0 0.0 1135.7 11.5
March 661.8 6.7 1797.5 18.2
April 194.8 2.0 1992.3 20.2
May 584.0 5.9 2576.3 26.1
June 408.6 4.1 2984.9 30.2
July 2165.4 21.9 5150.3 52.1
August 1537.8 15.6 6688.1 67.7
September 1537.8 15.6 8225.9 83.3
October 0.0 0.0 8225.9 83.3
November 1362.8 13.8 9588.7 97.0
December 292.0 3.0 9880.7 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-211. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Wisconsin, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 9588.7 97.0 9588.7 97.0
Permanent 292.0 3.0 9880.7 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 292.0)

Table 4-212. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Wisconsin, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 584.0 5.7 584.0 5.7
Yes 7668.3 75.4 8252.3 81.1
No 1920.4 18.9 10172.7 100.0

343


Table 2-253. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 10734.0 89.9 10734.0 89.9
Partner/family 209.5 1.8 10943.5 91.6
Hired labor 758.2 +3 11701.7 98.0
Other 244.1 2.0 11945.8 100.0

Table 2-254. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent.
Male 11176.2 93.6 11176.2 93.6
Female 769.6 6.4 11945.8 100.0

Table 2-155. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 9998.5 84.9 9998.5 84.9
Hipanic 1472.5 12.5 11471.0 97.5
Black 300.0 2.5 11771.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-256. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1240.8 10.5 1240.8 10.5
February 427.5 3.6 1668.3 14.2
March 1253.2 10.6 2921.5 24.8
April 0.0 0.0 2921.5 24.8
May 646.6 5.5 3568.1 30.3
June 1060.6 9.0 4628.7 39.3
July 1577.9 13.4 6206.6 52.7
August 1751.1 14.9 7957.7 67.6
September 69.3 0.6 8027.0 68.2
October 2145.3 18.2 10172.3 86.4
November 1298.7 11.0° 11471.0 97.5
December 300.0 2.5 11771.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

95


Table 2-10. National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity
of the injury, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 189937.1 94.8 189937.1 94.8
Permanent 9186.9 4.6 199124.0 99.4
Fatality 1250.9 0.6 200374.9 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 758.8)

Table 2-11. National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 11196.6 5.6 11196.6 5.6
Yes 160864.8 80.0 172061.4 85.5
No 29072.3 14.5 201133.7 100.0

Table 2-12. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 10206.0 $.1 10206.0 5.1
Eye 13512.2 6.7 23718 .2 11.8
Chest/trunk 17107.9 8.5 40826.1 20.4
Back 30052.9 15.0 70879.0 35.3
Arm/shoulder 15408.2 7.7 86287.2 43.0
Finger 24358.3 12.1 110645.5 55.2
Hand/wrist 23656.7 11.8 134302.2 67.0
Leg/knee/hip 30514.1 15.2 164816.3 82.2
Toe 1830.9 0.9 166647.2 83.1
Foot 17605.6 8.8 184252.8 91.9
Mult. parts 12019.9 6.0 196272.7 97.9
Other 4277.0 2.1 200549.7 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

17


Table 2-95.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by region of

the U.S. for dairy operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Region Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Northeast 5896.8 15.9 5896.8 15.9
South 4063.3 10.9 9960.1 26.8
Midwest 20847.6 56.2 30807.7 83.0
West 6314.8 17.0 37122.5 100.0
Table 2-96. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status of
the injured worker for dairy operations, 1993.
Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 19920.9 54.5 19920.9 54.5
Partner/family 2859.3 7.8 22780.2 62.3
Hired labor 13469.0 36.9 36249.2 99.2
Unpaid nonfamily 220.0 0.6 36469.2 99.8
Other 69.3 0.2 36538.5 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)
Table 2-97. National estimates of lost~time injuries by gender
for dairy operations, 1993.
Cumulative Cumulative
Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 31714.1 86.8 31714.1 86.8
Female 4824.4 13.2 36538.5 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)
Table 2-98. National estimates of lost-time injuries by age group

for dairy operations, 1993.
Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
10-19 4366.6 12.0 4366.6 12.0
20-29 9183.1 25.1 13549.7 37.1
30-39 10538.9 28.8 24088.6 65.9
40-49 7446.9 20.4 31535.5 86.3
50-59 3579.0 9.8 35114.5 96.1
60-69 1354.7 3.7 36469.2 99.8
>=70 69.3 0.2 36538.5 100.0
(Frequency Missing = 584.0)

46


Table 2-242. National estimates of lost-time injuries by status
of the injured worker for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 17293.8 82.3 17293 .8 82.3
Partner/family 2861.1 13.6 20154.9 95.9
Hired labor 631.6 3.0 20786.5 98.9
Other 222.3 1.1 21008.8 100.0

Table 2-243. National estimates of lost-time injuries by gender
for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 19770.4 94.1 19770.4 94.1
Female 1238.4 5.9 21008.8 100.0

Table 2-244. National estimates of lost-time injuries by race or
ethnic origin for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 20001.9 95.2 20001.9 95.2
Hipanic 58.7 0.3 20060.6 95.5
Asian 562.5 2.7 20623.1 98.2
American Indian 385.7 -8 21008.8 100.0

Table 2-245. National estimates of lost-time injuries by month
for workers 60-69 years of age, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 1183.1 5.6 1183.1 $.6
February 2503.9 11.9 3687.0 17.5
March 1095.6 5.2 4782.6 22.8
April 1958.6 9.3 6741.2 32.1
May 1489.7 7.1 8230.9 39.2
June 819.2 3.9 9050.1 43.1
July 1154.4 5.5 10204.5 48.6
August 1728.1 8.2 11932.6 56.8
September 4918.3 23.4 16850.9 80.2
October 659.5 3.1 17510.4 83.3
November 190.3 0.9 17700.7 84.3
December 3308.1 15.7 21008.8 100.0

91


Table 3-343. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for female workers in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 250.0 8.2 250.0 8.2
Livestock 198.2 6.5 448.2 14.8
Hand tool 267.2 8.8 715.4 23.6
Plant/tree 562.5 18.5 1277.9 42.1
Working surface 252.7 8.3 1530.6 50.5
Other 1502.5 49.5 3033.1 100.0

234


Table 2-38. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured for field crop operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1548.7 9.0 1548.7 9.0
Eye 622.4 3.6 2171.1 12.6
Chest/trunk 577.0 3.3 2748.1 16.0
Back 1516.4 8.8 4264.5 24.8
Arm/shoulder 821.0 4.8 5085.5 29.5
Finger 2509.5 14.6 7595.0 44.1
Hand/wrist 2855.1 16.6 10450.1 60.7
Leg/knee/hip 3529.8 20.5 13979.9 81.1
Toe 76.4 0.4 14056.3 81.6
Foot 2044.2 11.9 16100.5 93.4
Mult. parts 652.6 3.8 16753.1 97.2
Other 476.1 2.8 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-39. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of

the injury for field crop operations, 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 324.9 1.9 324.9 1.9
Bruise 1639.9 9.5 1964.8 11.4
Burn 58.7 0.3 2023.5 11.7
cut 5563.0 32.3 7586.5 44.0
Crush 1801.9 10.5 9388.4 54.5
Fracture 1117.2 6.5 10505.6 61.0
Puncture 738.2 4.3 11243.8 65.3
Sprain/strain 4047.8 23.5 15291.6 88.8
Mult. injury 445.1 2.6 15736.7 91.3
Other 1492.5 8.7 17229.2 100.0

Table 2-40. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for field crop operations, 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event. Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 673.2 3.9 673.2 3.9
Caught between 2105.6 12.2 2778.8 16.1
Caught under 1015.5 5.9 3794.3 22.0
Struck by/against 1945.6 11.3 5739.9 33.3
Struck by falling 838.8 4.9 6578.7 38.2
Struck by flying 1334.6 7.7 7913.3 45.9
Contact sharp obj. 2793.7 16.2 10707.0 62.1
Fall, same level 1540.5 B.9 12247.5 71.1
Fall, elevation 1238.5 7.2 13486.0 78.3
Overexertion 2666.9 15.5 16152.9 93.8
Other 1076.3 6.2 17229.2 100.0

29


Table 3-132. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for crop
operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 912.3 2.2 912.3 2.2
February 354.3 0.9 1266.6 3.1
March 1448.9 3.5 2715.5 6.5
April 346.1 0.8 3061.6 7.4
May 3839.9 9.3 6901.5 16.6
June 5579.2 13.4 12480.7 30.1
July 7122.6 17.2 19603.3 47.3
August 8305.5 20.0 27908 .8 67.3
September 3872.5 9.3 31781.3 76.6
October 2417.7 5.8 34199.0 82.4
November 4843.7 11.7 39042.7 94.1
December 2445.2 5.9 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-133. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for crop operations in the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 40387.4 97.3 40387.4 97.3
Permanent 1100.5 2.7 41487.9 100.0

Table 3-134. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for crop operations in
the West region of the U.S., 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1100.5 2.7 1100.5 2.7
Yes 34647.4 83.5 35747.9 86.2
No 5740.0 13.8 41487.9 100.0

164


Appendix B: Sample-based
Estimators

353


Table 3-25.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 2206.1 5.0 2206.1 5.0
Eye 1621.8 3.7 3827.9 8.7
Chest/trunk $422.3 12.3 9250.2 21.0
Back $562.1 12.6 14812.3 33.6
Arm/shoulder 2527.8 5.7 17340.1 39.3
Finger 3750.9 8.5 21091.0 47.8
Hand/wrist 5067.8 11.5 26158.8 59.3
Leg/knee/hip 7892.8 17.9 34051.6 77.2
Toe 964.8 2.2 35016.4 79.4
Foot 6303.2 14.3 41319.6 93.7
Mult. parts 2653.8 6.0 43973.4 99.7
Other 124.8 0.3 44098 .2 100.0
Table 3-26. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 398.6 0.9 398.6 0.9
Bruise 6205.5 14.1 6604.1 15.0
Burn $11.1 1.2 7115.2 16.1
cut 8654.2 19.6 15769.4 35.8
Crush 4365.8 9.9 20135.2 45.7
Fracture 10503.4 23.8 30638.6 69.5
Puncture 1078.0 2.4 31716.6 71.9
Sprain/strain 6483.0 14.7 38199.6 86.6
Mult. injury 2820.0 6.4 41019.6 93.0
Other 3078.6 7.0 44098.2 100.0
Table 3-27. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

the South region of the U.S.,

1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1275.0 2.9 1275.0 2.9
Caught between 3483.0 7.9 4758.0 10.8
Caught under 1288.1 2.9 6046.1 13.7
Struck by/against 12149.2 27.6 18195.3 41.3
Struck by falling 4587.2 10.4 22782.5 51.7
Struck by flying 905.3 2.1 23687.8 53.7
Contact sharp obj. 4892.1 11.1 28579.9 64.8
Fall, same level 5612.2 12.7 34192.1 77.5
Fall, elevation 3877.1 8.8 38069.2 86.3
Overexertion 3502.4 7.9 41571.6 94.3
Other 2526.6 5.7 44098.2 100.0

129


eT

Table 2-1. National estimates of injuries, restricted workdays, injury rate per 200,000
hours worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked by type of farming
operation, 1993.

Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated

Lost-time Restricted Lost-time Restricted
Farm Type Injuries Workdays Injury Rates Workdays Rate
Cash grain 29087.2 479260.1 6.1 100.1
Field crops 17151.3 208495.5 4.8 58.3
Veg, fruit, nuts 32579.2 553842.2 5.3 89.9
Nursery 14608.4 122893.9 7.3 61.4
Beef,hogs, sheep 62546.1 1145330.5 8.2 150.1
Poultry 2082.1 65695 .3 3.4 105.9
Dairy 37123.1 446798 .3 6.4 77.6
Other livestock 3539.3 30207.6 12.0 102.0
Other farms 2364.6 7229.2 7.9 24.0
All farms 201081.3 3059753.5 6.5 98.3


Table 4-54. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the
State of Iowa, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
February 360.1 3.2 360.1 3.2
March 0.0 0.0 360.1 3.2
April 2326.7 20.9 2686.9 24.1
May 0.0 0.0 2686.9 24.1
June 1606.4 14.4 4293.3 38.5
July 1719.6 15.4 6012.9 54.0
August 786.3 7.1 6799.2 61.0
September 1719.6 15.4 8518.8 76.5
October 685.7 6.2 9204.5 82.6
November 933.3 8.4 10137.8 91.0
December 999.3 9.0 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-55. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Iowa, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 10924.0 98.1 10924.0 98.1
Permanent 213.1 1.9 11137.1 100.0

Table 4-56. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was required for the State of Iowa,
1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 213.1 1.9 213.1 1.9
Yes 9023.4 81.0 9236.5 82.9
No 1900.6 17.1 11137.1 100.0

291


Table 2-132. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for family workers, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 20692.5 16.4 20692.5 16.4
Machine maint. 17853.6 14.1 38546.1 30.5
Field work 15256.1 12.1 53802.2 42.6
Crop handling 20054.9 15.9 73857.1 $8.5
Livestock handling 43325.3 34.3 117182.4 92.8
Other 9106.6 7.2 126289.0 100.0

Table 2-133. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source
of injury for family workers, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 7417.3 5.9 7417.3 5.9
Machinery 19372.4 15.3 26789.7 21.2
Livestock 28999.5 23.0 55789.2 44.2
Hand tool 13955.6 11.1 69744.8 55.2
Power tool 4963.8 3.9 74708.6 59.2
Pesticide/chem. 1122.9 0.9 75831.5 60.0
Plant/tree 3863.5 3.1 79695.0 63.1
Working surface 12441.5 9.9 92136.5 73.0
Truck/auto 3605.0 2.9 95741.5 75.8
Other vehicle 2786.1 2.2 98527.6 78.0
Liquids 734.4 0.6 99262.0 78.6
Other 27027 21.4 126289.0 100.0

57


Table 3-279.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1840.4 4.6 1840.4 4.6
Eye 1621.8 4.1 3462.2 8.7
Chest/trunk $422.3 13.7 8884.5 22.4
Back 4737.2 12.0 13621.7 34.4
Arm/shoulder 2439.6 6.2 16061.3 40.6
Finger 3293.8 8.3 19355.1 48.9
Hand/wrist 4094.1 10.3 23449.2 59.2
Leg/knee/hip 7040.5 17.8 30489.7 77.0
Toe 964.8 2.4 31454.5 79.5
Foot 5904.6 14.9 37359.1 94.4
Mult. parts 2106.4 5.3 39465.5 99.7
Other 124.8 0.3 39590.3 100.0
Table 3-280. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 398.6 1.0 398.6 1.0
Bruise 6117.3 15.5 6515.9 16.5
Burn 112.5 0.3 6628.4 16.7
cut 7856.6 19.8 14485.0 36.6
Crush 3967.2 10.0 18452.2 46.6
Fracture 9625.9 24.3 28078.1 70.9
Puncture 1078.0 2.7 29156.1 73.6
Sprain/strain 5509.3 13.9 34665.4 87.6
Mult. injury 2272.6 8.7 36938.0 93.3
Other 2652.3 6.7 39590.3 100.0
Table 3-281. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for

male workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1275.0 3.2 1275.0 3.2
Caught between 3025.9 7.6 4300.9 10.9
Caught under 1288.1 3.3 5589.0 14.1
Struck by/against 10749.3 27.2 16338.3 41.3
Struck by falling 4587.2 11.6 20925.5 52.9
Struck by flying 905.3 2.3 21830.8 55.1
Contact sharp obj. 4639.8 11.7 26470.6 66.9
Fall, same level 4585.9 11.6 31056.5 78.4
Fall, elevation 3728.3 9.4 34784.8 87.9
Overexertion 3224.9 8.1 38009.7 96.0
Other 1580.6 4.0 39590.3 100.0

213


Table 3-15. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 2046.9 14.2 2046.9 14.2
Machine maint. 2371.8 16.5 4418.7 30.7
Field work 2702.2 18.8 7120.9 49.4
Crop handling 2836.6 19.7 9957.5 69.1
Livestock handling 3324.0 23.1 13281.5 92.2
Other 1129.9 7.8 14411.4 100.0

Table 3-16. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for the Northeast region of the U.S., 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 316.9 2.2 316.9 2.2
Machinery 2810.8 19.5 3127.7 21.7
Livestock 2656.2 18.4 5783.9 40.1
Hand tool 427.9 3.0 6211.8 43.1
Power tool 1465.2 10.2 7677.0 53.3
Plant/tree 362.7 2.5 8039.7 55.8
Working surface 1478.8 10.3 9518.5 66.0
Truck/auto 471.1 3.3 9989.6 69.3
Other vehicle 69.3 0.5 10058.9 69.8
Other 4352.5 30.2 14411.4 100.0

126


Table 2-300. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury and the nature of
injury.

Nature of Injury

Source of Injury |Amputation| Bruise [Burn |Cut [Crush [Fracture | Total
w---------------- Sat eEaiee anata eaten dnahehenanetemnanetan deeenanetanaatan dnabananetenetemeden nexaseneanemmeen
Tractor | 174.81 | 2437.8 | O | 1945.8 | 1872.3 | 1935.2 | 10939
----------------- fon nnn nn nto nn nnn nn pn nn nn nnn tan nnn nn nnn ton nn nnn nt nn nnn nnn t
Machinery | 719.73 | 5811.6 | 0 { 7336.1 | 4793.5 | 5930 | 34442
telat ater aa aa a ee eg
Livestock i 0 } 8699.7 | 1034.5 | 6038.7 | 1684.1 | 8415.6 | 36207
aati etait Sate ete ta te lh ln ieee telah ieee
Hand tool | Oo | 582.47 | Ol 10275 | 148.76 | 236.62 | 22896
o---------------- a ea ee ee De rg
Power tool | 0 | Oo | O | 2766.4 | 402.7 | 0 | 7404
nono anno n Hen ee tenn nnn nn pan nnn nnn ton nn nnn nn pon nnn nnn ton nnn nnn nto nnn nnn nnt
Pesticide/chem. | 0 | O41 431.9 | Oo} 337.5 | Oo | 1454
Sr alelatata lalate tatatatal fen nnn nn pon nnn nn nn pon nn nnn pn pt -$
Plant/tree | Oo | 1692.5 | Oo | 1214.2 | Oo | 1602.7 | 8649
----------------- tan nnn nn pon nn nnn nn nn nnn pen nnn nnn pon neon ne tenn nt
Working surface | 0 | 2275.7 | O | 394.57 | 872.17 | 3567 | 17057
S tatelatanetaietatatatatetatatated fener nr enn penn nnn nnn pon nn nn nn pon nnn nnn tne pent
Truck/auto I Oo | 1806.1 | O | 302.68 | 0 | 298.73 | 6141
----------------- HA enn nn nnn pon nnn nnn pn nnn np nnn nnn ten nnn nen tene nnn nent
Other vehicle 1 0 | 583.99 | Oo] 0] 0 | 1618.6 | 4842
----------------- a ea ee eee en rg
Liquids | 0 | 0 | 644.34 | 0 | Ol Oo | 1228
ween nn n---------- a ea a ED
Other | 259.64 | 3848.8 | 171.21 | 7160.5 | 3347.4 | 6969.9 | 49292
ween nn eno ------ Homan nnn nn po nnn nnn pon nn nn nnn pin nnn nnn ten nnn nn tennant

Total 1154.18 27738.7 2281.94 37434.3 13458 .6 30574.4 200550


Table 3-406. Estimates of lost-time injuries by farm type for
Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Farm Type Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Cash grain 222.3 11.3 222.3 11.3
Field crops 578.3 29.3 800.6 40.6
Veg, fruit, nuts 613.6 31.1 1414.2 71.7
Beef, hogs, sheep 558.2 28.3 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-407. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the
U.S., 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency _ Percent
Family 616.9 31.3 616.9 31.3
Hired 1355.5 68.7 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-408. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for
Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 1972.4 100.0 1972.4 100.0

Table 3-408. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for
Hispanic workers in the Midwest region of the U.S., 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Freguency Percent
10-19 279.1 14.2 279.1 14.2
20-29 120.7 6.1 399.8 20.3
30-39 845.2 42.9 1245.0 63.1
40-49 389.6 19.8 1634.6 82.9
60-69 58.7 3.0 1693.3 85.8
>=70 279.1 14.2 1972.4 100.0

256


Appendix A: Survey Instrument

347


Table 4-12. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
injured for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 264.1 8.3 264.1 8.3
Machine maint. 1758.5 55.0 2022.6 63.2
Field work 286.4 9.0 2309.0 72.2
Crop handling 200.9 6.3 2509.9 78.5
Livestock handling 397.1 12.4 2907.0 90.9
Other 291.6 9.1 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-13. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury
for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 32.1 1.0 32.1 1.0
Machinery 1024.4 32.0 1056.5 33.0
Livestock 282.3 8.8 1338.8 41.9
Hand tool 821.7 25.7 2160.5 67.5
Power tool 92.4 2.9 2252.9 70.4
Plant/tree 258.5 8.1 2511.4 78.5
Working surface 73.9 2.3 2585.3 80.8
Truck/auto 116.2 3.6 2701.5 84.5
Liquids 65.6 2.1 2767.1 86.5
Other 431.5 13.5 3198.6 100.0

277


G Table 2-301. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of injury and the

1) injury event.

Type of Event
| Caught |Struck by|Struck by|Struck by!
under |/against |falling | flying

| | Caught
Source of Injury |Caught in| between

7344.06

5149.07 19541.9 8369.81 37600.6 10910.4

type of

Total
10939
34442
36207
22896
7404
1454
8649
17057
6141
4842
1228

49292

200550


Table 4-6. Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the State
of Arizona, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 8.3 0.3 8.3 0.3
February 65.6 2.1 73.9 2.3
March 75.0 2.4 148.9 4.7
April 96.3 3.0 245.2 7.7
May 200.9 6.3 446.1 14.0
June 307.8 9.6 753.9 23.6
July 87.6 2.7 841.5 26.4
August 751.2 23.5 1592.7 49.9
September 116.2 3.6 1708.9 $3.6
October 334.3 10.5 2043.2 64.0
November 220.8 6.9 2264.0 71.0
December 926.3 29.0 3190.3 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 8.3)

Table 4-7. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Arizona, 1993.

Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 3198.6 100.0 3198.6 100.0

Table 4-8. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Arizona, 1993.

Medical

Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Yes 2864.0 89.5 2864.0 89.5
No 334.6 10.5 3198.6 100.0

275


Table 3-365. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured

for white workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 1953.8 5.4 1953.8 5.4
Eye 1056.5 2.9 3010.3 8.3
Chest/trunk 5422.3 15.0 8432.6 23.3
Back 3351.6 9.2 11784.2 32.5
Arm/shoulder 2527.8 7.0 14312.0 39.5
Finger 3477.3 9.6 17789.3 49.1
Hand/wrist 3779.1 10.4 21568.4 59.5
Leg/knee/hip 7340.5 20.2 28908.9 79.7
Toe 964.8 2.7 29873.7 82.4
Foot 4087.3 11.3 3961.0 93.7
Mult. parts 2167.5 6.0 36128.5 99.7
Other 124.8 0.3 36253.3 100.0
Table 3-366. Estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of injury
for white workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 398.6 1.1 398.6 1.1
Bruise 5128.0 14.1 5526.6 15.2
Burn 511.1 1.4 6037.7 16.7
Cut 6023.3 16.6 12061.0 33.3
Crush 4365.8 12.0 16426.8 45.3
Fracture 9986.9 27.5 26413.7 72.9
Puncture 440.5 1.2 26854.2 74.1
Sprain/strain 4302.3 11.9 31156.5 85.9
Mult. injury 2671.2 7.4 33827.7 93.3
Other 2425.6 6.7 36253.3 100.0
Table 3-367. Estimates of lost-time injuries by type of event for
white workers in the South region of the U.S., 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 1275.0 3.5 1275.0 3.5
Caught between 2729.6 7.5 4004.6 11.0
Caught under 950.6 2.6 4955.2 13.7
Struck by/against 10778.2 29.7 15733.4 43.4
Struck by falling 2824.2 7.8 18557.6 51.2
Struck by flying 905.3 2.5 19462.9 53.7
Contact sharp obj. 4254.6 11.7 23717.5 65.4
Fall, same level 5048.5 13.9 28766.0 79.3
Fall, elevation 3877.1 10.7 32643.1 90.0
Overexertion 1399.1 3.9 34042.2 93.9
Other 2211.1 6.1 36253.3 100.0

244


Table 4-90.

State of Michigan, 1993.

Estimates of lost-time injuries by month for the

Cumulative Cumulative
Month Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
January 433.0 7.2 433.0 7.2
February 325.1 5.4 758.1 12.6
March 158.3 2.6 916.4 15.3
April 230.1 3.8 1146.5 19.1
May 1171.7 19.5 2318.2 38.6
June 1499.0 25.0 3817.2 63.6
July 283.6 4.7 4100.8 68.4
August 444.0 7.4 4544.8 75.8
September 0.0 0.0 4544.8 75.8
October 1173.9 19.6 5718.7 95.3
November 93.3 1.6 5812.0 96.9
December 186.6 3.1 5998.6 100.0
Table 4-91. Estimates of lost-time injuries by severity of the
injury for the State of Michigan, 1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency | Percent
Temporary 5905.3 98.4 5905.3 98.4
Permanent 93.3 1.6 5998.6 100.0
Table 4-92. Estimates of lost-time injuries by whether
professional medical attention was sought for the State of
Michigan, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Freguency Percent
Unknown 93.3 1.6 93.3 1.6
Yes 5485.3 91.4 5578.6 93.0
No 420.0 7.0 5998.6 100.0
Table 4-93. Estimates of lost-time injuries by body part injured
for the State of Michigan, 1993.
Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 455.1 7.6 455.1 7.6
Eye 1202.2 20.0 1657.3 27.6
Chest/trunk 901.8 15.0 2559.1 42.7
Back 390.1 6.5 2949.2 49.2
Arm/shoulder 258.4 4.3 3207.6 53.5
Finger 613.8 10.2 3821.4 63.7
Hand/wrist 498.0 8.3 4319.4 72.0
Leg/knee/hip 1327.5 22.1 5646.9 94.1
Mult. parts 351.7 5.9 5998.6 100.0

303




Table 2-238.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature

of the injury for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Amputation 244.1 0.8 244.1 0.8
Bruise 2442.1 8.0 2686.2 8.9
cut 5618.4 18.5 8304.6 27.4
Crush 1286.8 4.2 9591.4 31.6
Fracture 8889.7 29.3 18481.1 60.9
Puncture 299.7 1.0 18780.8 61.9
Sprain/strain 6515.3 21.5 25296.1 83.4
Mult. injury 1838.1 6.1 27134.2 89.4
Other 3206.5 10.6 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-239.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of

event for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.
Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught in 422.9 1.4 422.9 1.4
Caught between 1754.4 5.8 2177.3 7.2
Caught under 759.1 2.5 2936.4 9.7
Struck by/against 7655.6 25.2 10592.0 34.9
Struck by falling 2079.8 6.9 12671.8 41.8
Struck by flying 891.4 2.9 13563.2 44.7
Contact sharp obj. 1307.7 4.3 14870.9 49.0
Fall, same level 5708.7 18.8 20579.6 67.8
Fall, elevation 4563.6 15.0 25143.2 82.9
Overexertion 2583.4 8.5 27726.6 91.4
Other 2614.1 8.6 30340.7 100.0

Table 2-240. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity

when injured for workers 50-59 years of age, 1993.
Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 2202.4 7.3 2202.4 7.3
Machine maint. 1977.3 6.5 4179.7 13.8
Field work 3351.3 11.0 7531.0 24.8
Crop handling 5568.7 18.4 13099.7 43.2
Livestock handling 14112.7 46.5 27212.4 89.7
Other 3128.3 10.3 30340.7 100.0

89


Table 2-54. National estimates of lost-time injuries by activity
when injured for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 3537.5 10.8 3537.5 10.8
Machine maint. 5886.5 18.0 9424.0 28.9
Field work 11080.9 34.0 20504.9 62.8
Crop handling 3051.6 9.4 23556.5 72.2
Livestock handling 1783.4 5.5 25339.9 77.7
Other 7288.1 22.3 32628.0 100.0

Table 2-55. National estimates of lost-time injuries by source of
injury for vegetable, fruit, or nut operations, 1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Machinery 8187.3 25.1 8187.3 25.1
Livestock $41.7 1.7 8729.0 26.8
Hand tool 6292.6 19.3 15021.6 46.0
Power tool 114.5 0.4 15136.1 46.4
Pesticide/chem. 114.5 0.4 15250.6 46.7
Plant/tree 2416.6 7.4 17667.2 54.1
Working surface 2222.6 6.8 19889.8 61.0
Truck/auto 489.3 1.5 20379.1 62.5
Other vehicle 1155.0 3.5 21534.1 66.0
Other 11093.9 34.0 32628.0 100.0

34


Table 3-102. Estimates of lost-time injuries by activity when
worker was injured for livestock operations in the South region of
the U.S., 1993.

Activity When Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Farm maint. 3442.2 13.0 3442.2 13.0
Machine maint. 3424.1 12.9 6866.3 25.9
Field work 2397.0 9.0 9263.3 34.9
Crop handling 3754.6 14.1 13017.9 49.0
Livestock handling 12713.2 47.9 25731.1 96.9
Other 816.4 3.1 26547.5 100.0

Table 3-103. Estimates of lost-time injuries by source of the
injury for livestock operations in the South region of the U.S.,
1993.

Source of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Tractor 2678.9 10.1 2678.9 10.1
Machinery 3007.2 11.3 5686.1 21.4
Livestock 10116.3 38.1 15802.4 59.5
Hand tool 854.4 3.2 16656.8 62.7
Power tool 277.5 1.0 16934.3 63.8
Pesticide/chem. 398.6 1.5 17332.9 65.3
Plant/tree 1442.4 5.4 18775.3 70.7
Working surface 2401.6 9.0 21176.9 79.8
Truck/auto 578.2 2.2 21755.1 81.9
Other vehicle 1071.6 4.0 22826.7 86.0
Other 3720.8 14.0 26547.5 100.0

154


Tet

Table 3-2. Estimates of lost-time injuries, restricted workdays, lost-time injuires per
200,000 hours worked, and restricted workdays per 200,000 hours worked by region and type
of farming operation, 1993 (continued).

Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
Lost -time Restricted Restricted Lost -time
Midwest Cash grain 23692.4 364647.4 105.231 6.837
Field crops 3309.4 69774.7 145.304 6.892
Veg, fruit,nuts 1710.0 60698.7 178.687 5.034
Nursery 1749.6 4324.0 18.774 7.596
Beef , hogs, sheep 30840.5 473869.1 155.819 10.141
Poultry 80.0 1120.0 9.210 0.658
Dairy 20847.0 295182.1 94.140 6.649
Other livestock 640.0 7360.0 115.522 10.045
Other farms 0.0 0.0 0.000 0.000
West Cash grain 1713.9 35834.9 58.434 2.795
Field crops 4853.6 72792 .2 73.757 4.918
Veg, fruit,nuts 24464.4 340650.6 75.885 5.450
Nursery 9081.3 94027.1 99.330 9.594
Beef, hogs, sheep 10143.9 183994.8 154.826 8.536
Poultry 895.8 53958.3 654.014 10.858
Dairy 6315.0 47186.8 50.386 6.743
Other livestock 864.2 3776.5 40.603 9.292
Other farms 1375.0 4125.0 29.967 9.989


Table 4-14. Estimates of lost-time injuries by status of the
injured worker for the State of California, 1993.

Status of Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Worker Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Operator/family 2255.0 15.9 2255.0 15.9
Partner/family 423.9 3.0 2678.9 18.9
Hired labor 11481.5 81.1 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-15. Estimates of lost-time injuries by gender for the
State of California, 1993.

Cumulative Cumulative

Gender Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Male 13498.1 95.3 13498.1 95.3
Female 662.3 4.7 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-16. Estimates of lost-time injuries by age group for the
State of California, 1993.

Age Group Cumulative Cumulative
(Years) Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
20-29 4735.4 33.4 4735.4 33.4
30-39 3720.3 26.3 8455.7 59.7
40-49 3760.7 26.6 12216.4 86.3
50-59 1211.8 8.6 13428.2 94.8
60-69 225.0 1.6 13653.2 96.4
>=70 507.2 3.6 14160.4 100.0

Table 4-17. Estimates of lost-time injuries by race or ethnic
origin for the State of California, 1993.

Race/ Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnic Origin Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
White 2453.9 17.3 2453.9 17.3
Hispanic 11481.5 81.1 13935.4 98.4
Asian 225.0 1.6 14160.4 100.0

278


Table 2-257.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by severity

of the injury for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.
Severity Cumulative Cumulative
of Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Temporary 10245.0 87.0 10245.0 87.0
Permanent 1526.0 13.0 11771.0 100.0

(Frequency Missing = 174.8)

Table 2-158.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by whether

professional medical attention was sought for workers 70 or more

years of age, 1993.
Medical
Attention Cumulative Cumulative
Required Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Unknown 1700.8 14.2 1700.8 14.2
Yes 9277.7 77.7 10978.5 91.9
No 967.3 8.1 11945.8 100.0

Table 2-259.

National estimates of lost-time injuries by body

part injured for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Chest/trunk 756.2 6.3 756.2 6.3
Back 1528.5 12.8 2284.7 19.1
Arm/shoulder 1419.9 11.9 3704.6 31.0
Finger 1886.3 15.8 5590.9 46.8
Hand/wrist 1634.2 13.7 7225.1 60.5
Leg/knee/hip 2947.3 24.7 10172.4 85.2
Toe 398.6 3.3 10571.0 88.5
Mult.parts 1374.8 11.5 11945.8 100.0
Table 2-260. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature
of the injury for workers 70 or more years of age, 1993.
Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 2759.4 23.1 2759.4 23.1
cut 2409.0 20.2 5168.4 43.3
Crush 384.3 3.2 5552.7 46.5
Fracture 2720.7 22.8 8273.4 69.3
Poisoning 46.3 0.4 8319.7 69.6
Puncture $22.3 4.4 8842.0 74.0
Sprain/strain 855.4 7.2 9697.4 81.2
Mult. injury 1665.1 13.9 11362.5 95.1
Other 583.3 4.9 11945.8 100.0

96


Table 2-64. National estimates of lost-time injuries by body part
injured for nursery operations, 1993.

Body Part Cumulative Cumulative
Injured Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Head/neck 33.3 0.2 33.3 0.2
Eye 4673.5 32.0 4706.8 32.2
Chest/trunk 3979.2 27.2 8686.0 59.5
Back 2804.8 19.2 11490.8 78.7
Arm/shoulder 211.8 1.4 11702.6 80.1
Finger 780.4 5.3 12483.0 85.4
Hand/wrist 1682.7 11.5 14165.7 97.0
Toe 260.9 1.8 14426.6 98.8
Mult. parts 182.1 1.2 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-65. National estimates of lost-time injuries by nature of
the injury for nursery operations, 1993.

Nature of Cumulative Cumulative
Injury Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Bruise 2155.6 14.8 2155.6 14.8
Burn 33.3 0.2 2188.9 15.0
cut 3167.7 21.7 5356.6 36.7
Crush 148.8 1.0 5505.4 37.7
Fracture 816.5 5.6 6321.9 43.3
Poisoning 33.3 0.2 6355.2 43.5
Puncture 260.9 1.8 6616.1 45.3
Sprain/strain 5557.6 38.0 12173.7 83.3
Mult. injury 148.8 1.0 12322.5 84.4
Other 2286.2 15.6 14608.7 100.0

Table 2-66. National estimates of lost-time injuries by type of
event for nursery operations, 1993.

Type of Cumulative Cumulative
Event Frequency Percent Frequency Percent
Caught between 260.9 1.8 260.9 1.8
Struck by/against 2833.7 19.4 3094.6 21.2
Contact sharp obj. 892.5 6.1 3987.1 27.3
Fall, same level 1325.9 9.1 5313.0 36.4
Fall, elevation 148.8 1.0 5461.8 37.4
Overexertion 2814.9 19.3 8276.7 56.7
Other 6332.0 43.3 14608.7 100.0

37