L 2 .3 .

Expenditures and Manpower

Requirements for

Selected Federal Programs

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics

1975

Bulletin 1851

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United S tates. Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s .

Expenditures and manpower requirements fo r selected 

Federal programs.

(B ulletin - Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s ; 1851)

Supt. of Docs, no.: 12.3:1851

1. Manpower policy--U nited S tates. 2. Employment 

forecasting--U nited S tates. I . T itle . I I . Series: 

United S tates. Bureau of Labor S ta tis tic s . B u lletin ;

1851.

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Expenditures and Manpower

Requirements for

Selected Federal Programs

Veterans Administration Health Care National Institutes of Health Manpower Institutional Training Program National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Shuttle

U.S. Department of Labor

John T. Dunlop, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner

1975

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Preface

This study presents the manpower requirements, by industry and occupation, of a selected group 

of programs and agencies which are broadly representative of different types of Federal 

expenditures. The report was prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics with the financial 

assistance of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Manpower Administration, Office of Manpower 

Research and Development, Howard Rosen, Director.

The Bureau has already published, or is in the process of publishing, a number of other studies of 

the manpower impact of Federal expenditures. Manpower Impact o f Federal Government Programs:

Selected Grants-in-Aid to State and Local Governments (Report 424, 1973), summarizes earlier BLS 

work on manpower requirements, provides an overview of the difficulties of tracing the downward 

flow of Federal monies, and presents the results of studies of two Federal programs—Title I of the 

Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the National School Lunch Program. Another 

project, in press, Factbook for Estimating the Manpower Needs o f Federal Programs (Bulletin 

1832), brings together in one publication a set of employment and occupational factors designed to 

aid agency administrators in estimating the manpower requirements of Federal outlays. A 

forthcoming study, focusing not only on the demand generated for manpower but also on the 

supply for 1972 and selected future years, is Research on the Effects o f Federal Programs on

Occupational Requirements and Supply: A Demonstration Study o f the National Institutes o f

Health. Still another BLS research study, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, is Impact

o f Federal Pollution Control and Abatement Expenditures on Manpower Requirements (Bulletin 

1836), which uses data collected from primary rather than secondary sources.

Coordination of the studies in this bulletin was provided by Thomas F. Fleming, Jr., of the 

Bureau’s Division of Economic Growth, and Michael F. Crowley, of the Division of Manpower and 

Occupational Outlook. Participating in the research and the preparation of the report were: 

Arthur J. Andreassen, Douglas J. Braddock, Virginia A. Broadbeck, Mary S. Carroll, David S. 

Frank, Richard P. Oliver, Valerie S. Personick, Kenneth W. Rogers, and Marybeth M. Tschetter.

The Bureau gratefully acknowledges the help and cooperation of the many officials in the 

Federal agencies who provided the data on which these studies are based.

in

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Page

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Analytical fra m e w o rk ................................................................................................................................................ 1

Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Overview of r e s u lts ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

Employment requirements per billion d o l l a r s ........................................................................................................ 4

Employment requirements by industry s e c to r ........................................................................................................ 5

Occupational p a tte r n s ................................................................................................................................................ 6

Chapter 1. Veterans Administration health care p ro g ra m ........................................................................................... 8

Summary .................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Program description.................................................................................................................................................... 8

Expenditures ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

Employment requirem ents....................................................................................................................................... 9

Occupational p a tte r n s .................................................................................................................................................10

Chapter 2. National Institutes of H e a l th .........................................................................................................................12

Summary .....................................................................................................................................................................12

Extramural program .................................................................................................................................................13

Direct o p e ratio n s.........................................................................................................................................................17

Chapter 3. Manpower institutional training p ro g ra m ................................................................................................ 19

S u m m a ry .....................................................................................................................................................................19

Program description.....................................................................................................................................................19

Data and sample ........................................................................................................................................................ 20

Expenditures .............................................................................................................................................................20

Employment requirements and occupational patterns ........................................................................................ 20

Chapter 4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Space Shuttle program ................................ 25

Summary .....................................................................................................................................................................25

Program description.....................................................................................................................................................25

Data and sample .........................................................................................................................................................25

Expenditures .............................................................................................................................................................26

Employment requirem ents.........................................................................................................................................28

Occupational p a tte r n s .................................................................................................................................................30

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Tables:

1. Employment requirements per billion dollars of expenditures

by program and industry sector ........................................................................ - 5

Veterans Administration health care:

2. Expenditures by industry sector, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................................ 9

3. Employment requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1972 ........................................................ 10

4. Employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................ 11

National Institutes of Health:

5. Expenditures and employment requirements by program,

fiscal years 1969 and 1972 ................................................................................................................. 12

6. Employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1969 ............................................................ 13

7. Domestic awards (extramural program) by type,

fiscal year 1969 ........................................................................................................................................ 14

8. Expenditures and employment requirements, extramural

program, fiscal year 1969 ........................................................................ . 1 5

9. Direct employment requirements, extramural program,

by occupation, fiscal year 1969 ........................ ........................................ . 1 5

10. Purchases resulting from extramural program by industry

sector, fiscal year 1969 ........................................................ ... . 1 6

11. Indirect employment requirements of extramural

program by industry sector, fiscal year 1969 .................................... . 1 7

12. Employment by occupation, direct operations,

fiscal year 1969 ........................................................................................ . 1 7

13. Employment generated by purchases, direct operations,

fiscal year 1969 .................................................................................... . 18

Manpower Development and Training Act institutional training program:

14. Employment requirements by occupation,

fiscal year 1972 ............................................................................ 21

15. Direct employment requirements by occupation,

fiscal year 1972 ............................................................ 22

16. Indirect employment requirements by industry sector,

fiscal year 1972 ............................................................ 23

17. Indirect employment requirements by occupation,

fiscal year 1972 ........................ ............................... . 23

National Aeronautics and Space Administration:

18. NASA purchases, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 . . 27

19. Space Shuttle purchases, selected industries,

fiscal year 1973 ........................................................................ . 28

20. NASA indirect employment requirements by industry sector,

fiscal year 1973 ........................................................................ . 2 9

21. NASA indirect employment requirements, selected

industries, fiscal year 1973 ........................................ . 29

22. Space Shuttle indirect employment requirements by

industry sector, fiscal year 1973 ........................................ . 29

23. Space Shuttle indirect employment requirements, selected

industries, fiscal year 1973 ................................................ . 3 0

24. NASA employment requirements by occupation,

fiscal year 1973 ................................................................ . 30

25. Space Shuttle employment requirements by occupation,

fiscal year 1973 ................................................................ . 31

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Charts:

1. Relationship of expenditures, employment, and occupational requirements ......................................... 3

2. Occupational patterns of selected Federal programs ............................................................................. 6

Appendixes:

A. Technical notes .................................................................................................................................................32

B. Detailed tables: 38

B-l. Expenditures for goods and services by program

and in d u s try ........... . 3 9

B-2. Indirect employment requirements by program

and in d u s try .....................................................................................................................................41

B-3. Employment requirements by program and occupation ..................................................................45

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Introduction

Substantial amounts of Federal dollars flow into the 

economy each year. Federal expenditures in fiscal 1973 

totaled more than $255 billion, up from $233.2 billion a 

year earlier. Just a decade earlier, Federal expenditures, 

at $106.3 billion, were less than half their 1972 level. 

During the intervening 10 years, Federal Government 

expenditures for goods and services alone increased from 

$61.0 billion to $103.2 billion. Grants-in-aid to State 

and local governments climbed even faster—more than 

quadrupling in the period—with an average growth rate 

of approximately 16 percent. At the same time, transfer 

payments expanded by more than $50 billion over the 

10 years, for an average annual rate of growth of close to 

12 percent.

Since Federal expenditures and policies substantially 

affect, not only public employment, but also private 

sector job opportunities, the development of a mechanism to measure their total impact on manpower is 

essential for assessing the effects of government programs.1 In this study, and in other related studies, the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics has adapted techniques and 

models developed initially for long-term projections of 

industry and occupational employment needs to measure the current manpower requirements of Federal 

spending programs.

This report, consisting of five studies, focuses on the 

manpower requirements by industry and occupation for 

a selected group of programs and agencies which are 

broadly representative of different types of Federal 

expenditures. The Veterans Administration (VA) health 

care program is primarily an example of one in which 

the Federal Government is the direct purchaser of goods 

and services—in this case, the goods and services required 

for the operation of health facilities and medical 

programs. Research on the manpower requirements for 

the National Institutes of Health (NIH) not only studies 

the government in its role as a purchaser for its own 

research facility, but also investigates the impact of 

grants-in-aid or research contracts on other health care 

and research facilities. The study of the institutional 

training program under the Manpower Development and 

Training Act (MDTA), jointly administered by the U.S.

1 Manpower Report o f the President (U.S. Department of

Labor, March 1972).

Departments of Labor and of Health, Education, and 

Welfare, shows the employment requirements of grantsin-aid or contracts to local governments and private 

organizations to train workers. The National Aeronautics 

and Space Administration (NASA) manpower impact 

study centers on the budget of an entire agency, much 

of which is contracted out to a variety of industrial, 

research, and academic facilities. In addition, the NASA 

study provides separate manpower requirements for the 

Space Shuttle program to demonstrate how requirements of a particular program change as it advances from 

the design stage through its completion.

Analytical framework

At the heart of the manpower requirements estimating process are the Bureau’s interindustry employment model and its industry-occupational matrix. The 

input-output tables2 show what each industry in the 

economy purchases from every other industry, thereby 

providing an analytical tool for measuring the total 

effect on the production system, industry by industry, 

of a specified amount of demand for a final product. For 

example, the purchase of a new house requires employment not only in the construction industry but also in 

such sectors as lumber, heating, and plumbing as well as 

in supplying industries such as metals and basic mining. 

In addition, demands are created for a host of other 

purchases such as energy, packaging, and so on, through 

the whole cycle of production and distribution. The 

interindustry model traces the intricate linkages through 

the economy and measures both the direct and indirect 

requirements of the output of each of the industries. 

The production links are translated into employment 

requirements by use of employment-output ratios for 

each sector. After industry employment requirements 

are developed, they become the inputs to the industryoccupational matrix.3 This matrix distributes total

2 Appendix A describes the input-output system in more

detail. See also appendix A of The Structure o f the U.S.

Economy in 1980 and 1985, Bulletin 1831 (Bureau of Labor

Statistics, 1975).

3 Appendix A describes the occupational matrix in more

detail. See also Occupational Employment Statistics, 1960-70,

Bulletin 1738 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1972).

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national employment into occupations and crossclassifies them by industries. A newly revised matrix, 

based on the 1970 Census of Population, distributes 

approximately 400 occupations and cross-classifies them 

by 200 industries.

In this framework of analysis, where employment in 

each industry is determined by generated production 

levels, the estimates of employment requirements would 

generally be limited to direct Federal purchases of goods 

and services. This system, however, can be extended to 

other types of Federal outlays, such as grants-in-aid, 

transfer payments, and subsidies, by determining the 

purchases made by the sector receiving the Federal 

outlay. For example, the employment requirements 

created by grants to State and local governments can be 

estimated from studies of the purchases made by State 

and local governments in carrying out the purpose of the 

grants. Similarly, transfer payments to persons can be 

analyzed by considering the impact of these payments 

on personal consumption expenditures. This of course, 

involves determining the extent to which transfer payments become disposable income and consumption 

expenditures and further identifying the pattern of 

subsequent consumption purchases.4

BLS research methods. First the amount of direct 

employment generated in the public sector (and in 

certain of these studies, the private sector) was obtained 

from agency personnel records and published sources. 

The compensation associated with this employment was 

then subtracted from the expenditures of the program. 

Next, the balance of purchases formed the primary input 

into the input-output system. These remaining purchases 

were then sorted into a “bill of goods” which was 

developed by distributing a detailed list of purchases for 

each program or agency among those industry sectors 

which provide the product or service. Compilation of the 

bill of goods frequently involved examining an agency’s 

records to determine expenditures for the program 

studied in the greatest amount of detail available. For 

studies of the VA health care program and the Space 

Shuttle program of NASA, data were collected for 

expenditures covering the whole program or agency. On 

the other hand, in the NIH, NASA, and MDTA studies, 

samples of the data were developed since the data 

sources themselves-grants-in-aid or contracts-were so 

numerous.

For the programs studied in this report, purchases 

developed into bills of goods were converted into 1963 

dollars so that they would be compatible with the 

interindustry model for 1970 in which the sector

4 At present, consumption patterns for differing population

groups are available only for 1960-61. BLS expects soon to

complete expenditure patterns for 1972-73 which will update

and greatly expand this information.

relationships are stated in 1963 dollars. The bills of 

goods were used as inputs into the model to produce the 

requirements for the output of all industries through all 

stages of production. Output requirements were next 

converted to the total employment required in each 

industry. Employment estimates, adjusted to represent 

price and productivity changes from 1970 to the year 

for which the programs were studied5, were used as 

inputs into the industry-occupational matrix. The employment data were analyzed before the matrix was used 

to distribute the jobs into occupational requirements, 

based on 1970 patterns. Distortions stemming from the 

use of the 1970 occupational data base are considered to 

be minimal since the occupational structures of industries change slowly and these variations are not usually 

significant in the short run. Chart 1 summarizes the 

process by which occupational requirements are derived.

Employment definitions. In this report, employment is 

classified as direct or indirect. Direct employment is 

defined as those jobs identified specifically from the 

payroll of the agency, program, or grant-in-aid examined; it is not a product of the input-output system. 

Direct employment is usually in the public sector, but 

may be in the private sector in the case of programs not 

operated by the government but funded by research 

contracts or grants-in-aid, such as those found in the 

NIH and MDTA studies. In contrast, indirect employment is that resulting from the expenditures of the 

agency or program for all goods and services other than 

those for the direct compensation of its own personnel. 

Included are both the primary or first tier of jobs—those 

required initially in the industry providing the product 

or service demanded—and the secondary tier, or all 

remaining jobs which are required in supporting industries. (See chart 1.)

Limitations

Several qualifications should be noted with respect to 

use of the interindustry employment model and the 

occupational matrix. The figures provided in this report 

refer only to average manpower requirements of a 

Federal program and not to the additional or incremental requirements resulting from an increase in the 

program. In determining the incremental requirements 

of a program, much depends on the nature of the 

producing sector and the state of the economy when the 

addition to demand is made. Since information is 

currently not available on incremental or marginal 

productivity ratios it is impossible to specify how many 

additional workers would actually be hired as a result of 

an increase in any of the programs covered. The

5 Data for the VA health care and MDTA programs are for

fiscal year (FY) 1972. NASA and Space Shuttle data are for FY

1973. The NIH study is based on FY 1969 data, which were

updated to 1972.

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Chart 1.

Relationship of Expenditures, Employment, and Occupational Requirements

difference between, average and marginal impact on 

manpower requirements is significant both for individual 

industries and for the entire economy.6

The relative dispersion of the government expenditures also can affect manpower requirements. If a large 

amount of Federal dollars were spread over a large 

number o f establishments or local governments in broad 

geographic areas, then the increment to each may be 

readily absorbed without additions to employment. 

However, if the same amount were expended in one 

establishment, industry, or area, then the relative impact 

of the increment may be such that it would substantially 

affect manpower requirements.

Another difficulty in assessing manpower requirements arises from the inability to ascertain whether a 

proposed expenditure by the Federal Government is an 

addition to, or a substitution for, other expenditures. 

For example, grants-in-aid to State and local governments may take the place of expenditures that would 

otherwise be funded by States and localities themselves. 

The grants would therefore be spent in lieu of the State 

or local funds. Transfer payments also do not necessarily 

lead to additional purchases of goods and services.

‘ Even for industries, the averages are only approximately

representative, since differences in product-mix and establishment size would be involved in a specified demand change.

Medicare payments may in part substitute for the use of 

private funds by individuals to purchase health services. 

In this case, the funds would partially substitute for 

other expenditures and would also add new expenditures.

A further limitation to the manpower requirements 

studies is the omission of the multiplier and accelerator 

effects of the dollars expended. This means that the 

further employment and occupational effects generated 

as newly employed workers spend their earnings and 

consumer goods and services and as businesses invest in 

plant and equipment to meet increased demand are not 

included in the estimates.

Nevertheless, while these limitations exist, these five 

studies, together with other BLS research on manpower 

requirements, form a useful analytical framework for 

assessing the manpower requirements stemming from 

expenditures of Federal dollars. BLS has already started 

to disaggregate Federal expenditures both by program or 

agency—NASA, NIH, and so on—and by type—direct 

purchases or grants-in-aid. As a result, the employment 

and occupational patterns for individual programs and 

agencies have been shown to vary considerably. Such 

information should be useful for the determination of 

both the manpower requirements and the feasibility of 

proposed programs.

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Overview of Results

More than 500,000 job opportunities7 8 were generated in the public and private sectors by the expenditure 

of some $7.5 billion of Federal funds for the programs 

studied here. The size of the programs ranged from the 

$3.3 billion of the National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration, which provided 194,280 jobs, to the 

Manpower Development and Training Act’s institutional 

training programs with an expenditure of $253 million, 

which required approximately 26,000 jobs for its operation. The Veterans Administration health care program 

was budgeted at $1.8 billion and provided over 157,000 

jobs, while the National Institutes of Health budget of 

$2.1 billion was estimated to generate approximately

154,000 jobs.

FY 1972 expenditures* (millions)

T o ta l......................................... $7,468.8

VA health care......................................... 1,822.2

N IH ........................................................... 2,077.9

MDTA institutional training

program ............................................. 253.5

NASA9 .................................................... 3,315.2

Space Shuttle program................ 230.1

Since the actual employment and occupational patterns of the programs studied will be covered in their 

respective chapters, only a brief comparison of their 

relative job-generating characteristics is included here. 

For this comparison the best method is to state the 

manpower requirements in terms of the number of jobs 

generated over a common denominator such as a billion 

dollars of expenditures.10 This approach readily points

7 The concept of employment refers to the number of jobs

and therefore is higher than the number of persons employed as

measured in labor force surveys because of dual jobholding and

other statistical differences.

8 Annual references in this report are to fiscal years unless

otherwise noted.

9 The NASA study used FY 1973 data rather than FY 1972.

To a limited extent the comparison with other programs could

be affected by this time difference.

10 This approach forms the basis for the manpower factors

presented in detail in the Factbook for Estimating the Manpower

Needs o f Federal Programs, Bulletin 1832 (Bureau of Labor

Statistics, 1975).

out the differences in manpower requirements that 

various programs or demand categories will produce.

Employment requirements per billion dollars

Three of the five programs studied required more jobs 

per billion dollars of expenditures than the average for 

all Federal nondefense purchases of 66,600 jobs per 

billion dollars. (See table 1.) The institutional manpower 

training program generated the largest number of jobs of 

the programs analyzed for this report—approximately 

136,500 per billion dollars of expenditures. Total NIH 

expenditures for running both its own facilities and its 

grants-in-aid activities generated about 83,700 jobs per 

billion dollars in 1972. NASA expenditures for 1973 

generated job requirements equaling 58,600 jobs for 

each billion dollars spent. The Space Shuttle program of 

NASA considered alone required 57,000 jobs on the 

same billion-dollars basis.

Differences in the mix of public and private employees accounted for a substantial amount of the variance 

among the programs studied. For Federal nondefense 

purchases of goods and services as a whole, the number 

of employees on Federal payrolls constituted 55 percent 

of the jobs required. NASA contracts out a substantial 

share of its budget and has only 17 percent of its jobs 

within the agency. Similarly, the Space Shuttle program 

has only 19 percent of its jobs on its own payroll. The 

other three programs studied (NIH, VA, and MDTA 

programs) each had a much higher proportion of the 

employment generated by their expenditures on their 

own payrolls—reaching about 70 percent in the case of 

the VA health care program. Although this difference 

may reflect the labor intensiveness of some public 

programs as compared to others, it also reflects the fact 

that the system used in this analysis accounts for all 

dollars expended in the public sector, while in the 

private sector the procedures used do not reflect the 

manpower impact of depreciation, rental income, or 

corporate profits. Inclusion of these would narrow the 

differences between the private and public sectors in the 

number of jobs required.

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Sector

Average,

Federal

i nondefense

programs1

(calendar

year 1972)

Veterans

Administration

health care

(VA)

(fiscal

year 1972)

National

Institutes

of Health

(NIH)

(fiscal

year 1972)

Manpower

Development

and Training

Act (MDTA)

institution :l

program

(fiscal

year 1972)

National

Aeronautics

and Space

Administration

(NASA)

(fiscal

year 1973)

Space

Shuttle

(fiscal

year 1973)

T o ta l............................................... 66,592 88,955 83,735 136,464 58,603 57,013

Direct employment ...................................... 36,678 62,434 47,601 70,270 10,214 10,618

Indirect em ploym ent.................................... 29,914 26,521 36,134 66,194 48,389 46,395

A griculture........................................... 193 824 2,262 3,996 234 209

Mining ................................................. 393 240 311 567 343 352

Construction ...................................... 2,742 1,722 1,508 1,021 954 648

Manufacturing .................................... 10,596 8,311 9,973 15,490 26,584 31,043

Transportation, communication,

and public utilitie s......................... 2,729 2,481 2,439 8,373 2,656 2,173

T ra d e .................................................... 2,559 2,544 7,311 18,264 2,650 2,473

Finance, insurance, and real

estate............................................... 742 592 1,285 3,689 1,006 895

Services ............................................... 8,692 9,147 10,313 12,661 13,120 7,832

Government enterprises.................... 1,268 660 732 2,133 912 769

Percent distribution

T o ta l............................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Direct employment ...................................... 55.1 70.2 56.8 51.5 17.4 18.6

1 ndirect em ploym ent.................................... 44.9 29.8 43.2 48.5 82.6 81.4

A griculture........................................... .3 .9 2.7 2.9 .4 .4

Mining ................................................. .6 .3 .4 .4 .6 .6

Construction ...................................... 4.1 1.9 1.8 .7 1.6 1.1

Manufacturing .................................... 15.9 9.3 11.9 11.4 45.4 54.5

Transportation, communication,

and public utilitie s......................... 4.1 2.8 2.9 6.1 4.5 3.8

Trade .................................................... 3.8 2.9 8.7 13.4 4.4 4.3

Finance, insurance,and real

estate............................................... 1.1 .7 1.5 2.7 1.7 1.6

Services ............................................... 13.1 10.3 12.3 9.3 22.4 13.7

Government enterprises.................... 1.9 .7 .9 1.6 1.6 1.4

1 Based on factors given in the Factbook for Estimating the Manpower Needs of Federal Programs, Bulletin 1832 (Bureau of

Labor Statistics, in press), p. 12.

Employment requirements by industry sector

In terms of job opportunities by major industry 

sector, the programs studied varied considerably among 

themselves and also differed from the pattern of total 

Federal nondefense purchases. Looking at the indirect 

jobs, the sectors affected most substantially were usually 

manufacturing, services, and trade, but the variations 

from one program to another were sizable. Manufacturing showed a range of 8,311 job opportunities (VA) 

to 26,584 (NASA) for a billion dollars expended 

compared to 10,596 per billion for total Federal 

nondefense purchases. With the exception of NASA, all 

programs studied purchased fewer goods on the average 

than the typical government program, and the types of 

purchases made were less likely to require large numbers 

of indirect jobs in supporting industries.

S O U R C E : Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Services accounted for 8,692 jobs or 13.1 percent of 

the employment generated by a billion dollars of Federal 

nondefense spending. The five programs generated service jobs in a range of 9,147 (VA) to 13,120 (NASA) 

jobs per billion dollars. As a proportion of all the jobs 

generated by a particular program, services were highest 

for NASA, at 22.4 percent. This high percentage of 

service jobs is due to the greater than average reliance of 

the space agency on outside contractors for services.

Among the other major sectors, between 2,544 jobs 

(VA) and 18,264 (MDTA) in trade were required per 

billion dollars worth of expenditures compared to 2,559 

for all Federal nondefense purchases. The very large 

number of trade sector job opportunities provided by 

the MDTA program reflected the allowances provided 

trainees which were used to purchase consumer goods in

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the retail trade sector. Similarly, the MDTA program’s 

allowances for personal living expenses generated the 

highest number of jobs in the agriculture sector (food 

purchases), with transportation and utilities also affected. All the programs studied, however, required 

fewer jobs in construction than the average of 2,742 jobs 

per billion dollars for all Federal nondefense purchases. 

The VA health care program, which included hospital 

and extended care facility construction, generated the 

greatest number of construction jobs per billion 

dollars—1,722—of the five programs studied.

Occupational patterns

Only in a very broad way do the major occupational 

groupings of the five studies resemble the pattern for 

total Federal nondefense expenditures. As in the sector 

as a whole, more than half of the occupations in these 

studies were classified as white collar; only a very small 

proportion were in the sales worker, laborer, or farm 

worker categories. Considerable variation was evident, 

however, in the proportion of jobs classified as operatives, craft workers, and service workers (chart 2).

Chart 2.

Occupational Patterns of Selected Federal Programs

Percent

100

80

60

40

20

0

AVERAG E, 

F E D E R A L 

NO N DEFEN SE 

PRO G RAM S 

Calendar year

1972

PROGRAM AND YEAR OF STUDY

Professional, 

technical, 

and kindred 

workers

Managers, 

officials, and 

proprietors

Clerical

workers

Sales workers

Craft workers

Operatives

Service 

workers

Laborers, 

rm workers

SPACE

SHUTTLE

Fiscal year

1973

HEALTH 

CARE 

Fiscal year

1972

NIH

Fiscal year

1969

M DTA NA SA

PROGRAM Fiscal year

Fiscal year 1973

1972

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Nevertheless, the mixture of white-collar jobs and 

other specific occupational requirements for the programs varied significantly from that for total Federal 

Government (nondefense). Although approximately 24 

percent of all Federal nondefense jobs were classified as 

professional and technical, the share of these jobs for the 

programs studied ranged from a low of about 30 percent 

(NASA) to a high of more than 48 percent (NIH). The 

high proportion of professional and technical occupations reflected the more extensive scientific and technical missions of the programs studied than found in the 

government as a whole. In the case of NASA and the 

Space Shuttle program, substantial numbers of engineers 

are required both directly on government payrolls and in 

the aerospace and electronics industries which hold 

many of the NASA contracts. The large numbers of 

physicians, scientists, nurses, and other health-related 

occupations required for the health care and medical 

research programs of VA and NIH accounted for their 

high proportion of professional and technical occupations.

Twenty-three percent of the jobs required for all 

Federal nondefense expenditures were found in the craft 

and operative classifications. Unlike the total Federal 

nondefense sector, however, where the jobs were split 

fairly evenly between the two broad occupational 

groups, the programs studied displayed wide variations 

in their shares of the total. Both NASA and the Space 

Shuttle program had a higher proportion of their jobs in 

both the craft and operative categories than either the 

average of all Federal nondefense or any of the other

programs studied. The nature of the contracted-out 

expenditures for the space mission of NASA was the 

major factor accounting for its larger proportion of 

operatives and craft workers.

The programs in this study have a far smaller share of 

their jobs classified as clerical than does the Federal 

Government as a whole. Sales workers accounted for 

roughly the same percentage of all occupations for the 

Federal Government as a whole and the individual 

programs, with one exception—the MDTA institutional 

training program. Due primarily to the impact of living 

allowances paid to trainees, which, for the purposes of 

determining manpower requirements, were distributed 

through a personal consumption expenditures pattern, 

the MDTA study showed 4 percent of its jobs in the 

sales category—more than double the proportion in the 

other programs studied.

In four of the five studies laborers accounted for 

somewhat fewer jobs than the average for the Federal 

nondefense sector. In the NIH program, however, 

laborers accounted for 6.6 percent of the jobs because of 

the large number of caretakers needed for research 

animals. Farm workers amounted to less than 1 percent 

of the workers for the Federal nondefense sector as a 

whole and for most of the programs studied. The MDTA 

institutional training program, however, had a somewhat 

larger percentage of its jobs in farming, again due to the 

requirements generated by food purchases in the personal consumption expenditure pattern applied to the 

trainees’ living allowances.

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Chapter 1. Veterans Administration Health Care Program

Summary

Expenditures for health care by the Veterans Administration (VA) totaled slightly more than $1.8 billion in 

1972. Roughly 60 percent of the VA budget was 

allocated to meet the payroll costs of its 111,000 fulland part-time employees. The remainder of its monies 

generated 47,450 indirect jobs in supporting industries 

and services. Although the majority of employees 

directly on VA’s payroll were health professionals— 

physicians, dentists, nurses, and medical and dental 

technicians—no single occupational group accounted for 

as much as one-fifth of the employment. Nearly twothirds of the employment generated outside of VA 

occurred in the services and manufacturing sectors. The 

bulk of these jobs were in the transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, and construction sectors of 

the economy.

Program description

The Veterans Administration was established in 1930 

to serve the country’s veterans and their immediate 

families. By 1972, the VA was spending nearly $11 

billion on various programs to aid 98.3 million beneficiaries—veterans, their families, and the dependents of 

deceased veterans. This study focuses on the VA health 

care program, which includes funding for 167 general 

and psychiatric hospitals, 77 nursing homes, 18 domiciliaries, and 8 restoration centers throughout the Nation. 

In addition, the VA engages in various types of medical 

and prosthetic research, postgraduate and in-service 

training, outpatient care in 200 clinics, and the construction of hospitals and other operating facilities. The VA 

provides services to approximately 950,000 patients 

through this nationwide network of hospitals, clinics, 

and other health facilities. These services include mental 

hygiene, speech pathology, spinal cord injury centers, 

nuclear medicine, drug dependence treatment centers, 

open heart surgery, clinics for the blind, and many 

others.

Expenditures

From 1962 to 1972, total VA expenditures increased

rapidly, at an average annual rate of 7.1 percent. Medical 

care expenditures, however, advanced at an even faster 

pace during this period—at an annual rate of 8.6 percent. 

After attaining the $1 billion mark in the early 1960’s, 

these expenditures reached more than $1.8 billion in 

1972. Nearly 60 percent of this amount was direct 

compensation for the VA health care program’s 111 ,000 

full- and part-time employees. The remaining $73 

million was spent in 73 of the 134 industries delineated 

in the input-output model used in this study. VA health 

care expenditures were coded to the industries in the 

BLS interindustry model system, based on the goods and 

services actually purchased, in order to provide a bill of 

goods for the health care program.11

The manufacturing industries constituted the largest 

economic sector for VA health care purchases (table 2). 

They accounted for more than 46 percent of spending 

aside from compensation, and close to one-fourth of the 

total expenditures for the program. Of the 46 manufacturing industries that sold their products to the VA, 7 

accounted for about 83 percent of the total expenditures for manufactured goods. Well over $100 million 

was spent on food and drugs alone, and another $60 

million was used for medical, dental, and scientific 

instruments. Photographic equipment, electrical machinery, paper products, and miscellaneous textile products 

were the other major purchases from this sector.

Service industries received less than half as much 

money as the manufacturing industries. In this sector, 

medical services was the most important producing 

industry. The VA buys medical services such as medical 

and dental examinations, nursing services, contract 

hospitalization, outpatient treatment, and therapy. Accounting for one-half of the service expenditures, the 

medical services industry received more money than any 

other with the exception of the drug industry.

Within the transportation, communication, and public utilities sector, the significant industries for VA 

purchases were local transit and intercity bus transportation; electric utilities; and communications other than

11 In addition, by reviewing the records of the Baltimore and

Washington area VA hospitals, a distribution for capital assets

was developed for use in estimating the manpower impact of

these purchases. All assets purchased were amortized over their

estimated service lives on a straight-line depreciation basis.

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Sector Expenditures

(thousands)

Percent

of

total

Percent,

excluding

compensation

T o ta l............................................................. $1,822,213 100.0 -

Compere ***** ‘Veterans Administration

employ'd** * * * . * .................................................... 1,091,197 59.9 —

Total, excluding compensation1 ................................ 731,016 40.1 100.0

Construction .................................................... 130,563 7.2 17.9

Manufacturing ..................................................

Transportation, communication, and

340,313 18.7 46.6

public u tilitie s............................................. 64,753 3.6 8.9

T ra d e................................................................. 734 3.1 .1

Finance, insurance, and real estate................ 1,525 .1 .2

Services ............................................................. 186,478 10.2 25.5

Government enterprises.................................. 2,680 .1 .4

All other2 ........................................................... 3,970 .2 .5

1 No V A health care expenditures are included

fo r the agriculture or m ining sectors.

2 Includes three d u m m y industries: business

travel, entertainm ent, and gifts; office supplies; and

scrap, used and secondhand. For explanation, see

appendix A to the Structure o f the U.S. Economy in 1980 and 1985, Bulletin 1831 (Bureau o f Labor

Statistics, 1975).

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

radio and television. Much of the money spent on local 

transportation was for payment to beneficiaries for 

travel to and from medical treatment centers. Telephone 

usage made up the major part of the communications 

expenditures.

Construction expenditures were for new hospital 

construction (which accounted for the bulk of the 

money spent in this sector) and for maintenance and 

repair. Virtually all of the expenditures in the trade 

sector were for goods handled by wholesalers. Less than 

$1 million, a very small portion of VA’s health care 

expenditures12, was spent in the retail trade sector and 

in the remaining economic sectors, which include government enterprises, finance, insurance, and real estate.

Employment requirements

A little more than a half billion dollars of expenditures on goods and services from the private sector 

generated close to 47,500 jobs in addition to those 

found directly on VA payrolls in 1972.13 These 

manpower requirements were distributed over nearly all 

of the private industry sectors in the BLS interindustry 

model. While no single industry accounted for more than 

12 percent of the total indirect employment, nearly

1 2 In the input-output framework, goods are considered to be

bought from the producer, that is, drugs are bought from the

drug manufacturer and not from a wholesaler or retailer.

However, at the time a purchase is assumed to be made,

transportation costs are assumed to be incurred.

13 The detailed purchases for VA health care and the

resulting employment by detailed industry are shown in appendix tables B-l and B-2.

three-fourths of the generated jobs fell into 25 industries.

Among the major sectors of the economy, manufacturing and services shared about two-thirds of the 

indirect employment (table 3). More than one-half of 

the remaining jobs were generated in transportation, 

communication, and public utilities, and in wholesale 

and retail trade. The construction sector accounted for 

6.5 percent of the generated indirect employment, while 

agriculture, finance, insurance, real estate, and government enterprises together accounted for 8 percent. The 

mining sector was affected only marginally, with less 

than 1 percent of the indirect employment generated.

The manufacturing sector was by far the largest 

provider of the goods and services purchased for VA 

health care. Services, however, are more labor intensive 

than the manufacturing sector; employment per unit of 

output is higher than in manufacturing. This explains 

why more jobs were generated in the service industries, 

despite the fact that VA expenditures for manufactured 

goods were more than one-half of total spending except 

for payrolls.

Most of the manufacturing employment occurred in 

the production of medical and dental instruments, drugs, 

scientific and controlling instruments, and processed 

foods. Combined, these industries accounted for about 

36 percent of the jobs generated in this sector, and for 

nearly 12 percent of all the indirect employment. Two 

of these sectors—medical and dental instruments, and 

scientific and controlling instruments—are characterized 

by high ratios of employment to output. Consequently, 

even though they received considerably less VA money 

than the drug and food products industries, their share 

of the generated employment was greater. None of the

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Sector Number

of jobs

Percent

of total

employment

Percent of

indirect

employment

T o ta l............................................................. 159,151 100.0 -

Direct employment (Veterans Administration) . . . 111,702 70.2

Indirect em ploym ent.................................................. 47,449 29.8 100.0

A griculture........................................................ 1,475 .9 3.1

Mining ............................................................... 429 .3 .9

Construction .................................................... 3,081 1.9 6.5

Manufacturing .................................................. 14,869 9.3 31.3

Transportation, communication, and public

utilities ........................................................ 4,438 2.8 9.4

T ra d e................................................................. 4,551 2.9 9.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate................ 1,059 .7 2.2

Services ............................................................. 16,366 10.3 34.5

Government enterprises.................................. 1,181 .7 2.5

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Lab or Statistics.

other manufacturing industries accounted for as much as 

2 percent of the total indirect manpower impact.

The services sector is not nearly as large as manufacturing—it accounted for only 10.6 percent of total final 

demand and 9.4 percent of total output for the entire 

U.S. economy in 1970.14 But, while VA’s spending for 

health care in the services sector was a little more than 

half of the expenditure total for manufactured goods, 

about 1,500 more jobs were generated in service 

industries than in manufacturing (due mainly to the 

more labor-intensive characteristics of the services 

sector). Six industries within this sector shared about 30 

percent of the total generated employment and more 

than 86 percent of the service-related jobs.

Due to the large expenditures for nursing services, 

medical and dental examinations, hospital services, 

outpatient care, and research, the greatest employment 

effects in the services sector were for doctors, dentists, 

and other medical services and for nonprofit organizations. The professional services accounted for over 

three-fifths of the service employment. Contractual 

services, equipment rental, maintenance and repair, as 

well as various other services including laundry and 

cleaning, janitorial, and burial services, were largely 

responsible for the remaining service-generated jobs.

In FY 1972, the trade sector received $734 million 

in VA health care expenditures, with the vast bulk of 

these funds going to the wholesale sector. Even though 

the employment/output ratio in the retail trade industry 

was nearly three times as high as in the wholesale sector, 

it could not offset the huge difference in the amounts

14 In this context, finance, insurance, and real estate;

transportation, communication, and public utilities; and wholesale and retail trade are classified outside the services sector.

Services include medical, legal, educational, business, and other

professional services.

spent in each industry. Only 1,234 jobs were generated 

in retail trade, which was little more than a third of the 

employment that occurred in wholesale trade.

Slightly more than 4,400 jobs were generated in the 

industries making up the transportation, communication, and public utilities sector. A relatively small sector 

of the economy, this group of industries gained only 

about 30 percent as much employment as the manufacturing sector as a result of VA spending. Most of the 

expenditures in this sector were concentrated in local 

transportation, communications (largely telephone 

usage), and electric utilities. Local transportation, truck 

transportation, and communications as a group accounted for two-thirds of the employment generated in 

this sector, but for only 6.5 percent of the total indirect 

employment. The remaining jobs in this area were 

distributed mainly among railroad and air transportation 

and gas and electric utilities.

Of the remaining sectors of the economy, construction was the most important in terms of manpower 

impact. In this sector, expenditures of $130.6 million 

generated 3,081 jobs—two-thirds in maintenance and 

repair construction and the remainder in new hospital 

construction. Agricultural employment was generated by 

the large amount of VA expenditures for processed food 

products, which in turn generated jobs in basic agricultural production. The small amount of indirect employment in the mining sector hinged on the demand for 

crude petroleum, gasoline, and other fuels. Employment 

was equally distributed among the finance, insurance, 

and real estate sectors.

Occupational patterns

In 1972, the manpower requirements of the VA 

health care program totaled slightly more than 159,000

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jobs. Of this number, well over 111,000 represented 

employees directly on VA payrolls. Reflecting the 

purpose of the VA health care program, the occupational pattern was oriented heavily toward medical 

occupations (table 4). Approximately one-half of those 

employed by the VA in its health care program were 

registered nurses, physicians and surgeons, or other 

medical and dental workers. Practical nurses accounted 

for more than another quarter of VA employment. 

Clerical workers were the only nonmedical or nonscientific occupational group with significant representation.

The indirect employment generated by VA health 

care spending was distributed among 421 detailed 

occupations in the BLS industry-occupational matrix.15 

These jobs were fairly evenly dispersed among the nine 

major occupational categories, with no single category 

containing less than 1,000 or more than 9,000 jobs. The 

largest group, operatives, accounted for about 19 percent of the occupational employment while the smallest,

15 Detailed occupational data for the VA employment

requirements are shown in appendix table B-3.

farmers and farm workers, made up about 3 percent of 

the total. The “other operatives” subgroup (excluding 

transportation operators) contained close to one-half of 

all the operatives required. Most of these workers were 

machine operators, assemblers, sewers, or stitchers. 

Truck and bus drivers represented the next largest group, 

accounting for more than one-fourth of the total 

number of operatives. Their employment was generated 

by the transportation expenditures for which re Ipients 

of VA medical care are reimbursed.

Professional and technical workers made up 18 

percent of the total indirect employment. The largest 

subgroup within this category were the medical workers, 

reflecting the relatively heavy purchases of medical 

services. Dentists constituted about one-half of this 

group, while most of the remainder consisted of physicians, osteopaths, and registered nurses. The “other 

professional and technical workers” were primarily 

accountants, research workers, personnel and labor 

relations workers, and psychologists, while “health 

technologists and technicians” were largely prosthetic 

device repairers, clinical lab technicians, and dental 

hygienists.

Table 4. Employment requirements of VA health care by occupation, fiscal year 1972

Total employment Direct employment Indirect employment

Occupation Number

of

jobs

Percent

Number

of

jobs

Percent

Number

of

jobs

Percent

Total ................................................................. 159,150 100.0 111,700 100.0 47,450 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred

workers ........................................................................ 66,050 41.5 57,440 51.4 8,610 18.1

Medical workers, except technicians.................. 51,361 32.3 49,361 44.2 2,000 4.2

Dentists........................................................ 2,110 1.3 1,100 1.0 1,010 2.1

Physicians.................................................... 14,650 9.2 14,200 12.7 450 1.0

Registered nurses......................................... 20,530 12.9 20,150 18.0 380 .8

Health technologists and technicians.................. 8,590 5.4 7,490 6.7 1,100 2.3

Other professional and technical

workers ............................................................. 7,000 4.4 5,390 4.8 1,610 3.4

Psychologists............................................... 1,800 1.1 1,800 1.6 - -

Managers, officials, and proprietors................................ 4,720 3.0 830 .7 3,890 8.2

Sales workers...................................................................... 1,530 1.0 — — 1,530 3.2

Clerical workers................................................................. 14,810 9.3 6,360 5.7 8,450 17.8

Stenographers, typists, and

secretaries........................................................... 7,100 4.5 4,190 3.8 2,910 6.1

Craft and kindred workers............................................... 7,520 4.7 450 .4 7,070 14.9

Operatives.......................................................................... 9,210 5.8 220 .2 8,990 18.9

Service w orkers................................................................. 51,630 32.4 46,000 41.7 5,630 11.9

Practical nurses...................................................... 31,100 19.5 30,840 27.6 260 .5

Laborers, except fa rm ...................................................... 2,430 1.5 450 .4 1,980 4.2

Farmers and farm workers............................................... 1,310 .8 — — 1,310 2.8

N O T E : Item s m ay not add to totals because of rounding. S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

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Chapter 2. National Institutes of Health

Summary

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Federal 

Government’s chief biomedical research agency, funds 

an extensive program of health research, training, construction, and dissemination of medical information. 

This is accomplished primarily through grant and contract awards to individuals for medical and related 

projects, but also through the operation of its own 

laboratories and clinical center.

Since 1960, grants and other awards have typically 

represented over 85 percent of the total NIH budget. In 

fiscal year 1969, the year selected for the manpower 

impact study, grants and awards, or the extramural 

program, accounted for almost $1.3 billion of total NIH 

expenditures of $1.5 billion. The extramural program 

supported slightly over 112,000 jobs throughout the 

economy that year, nearly 57,000 full-time equivalent 

jobs directly supported by the award funds and over

55,000 full- and part-time jobs generated indirectly by

the purchases made by the grantees and contractors.16

Fiscal year 1969 was selected for study on the basis 

of data availability. Since that time the budget of the 

National Institutes of Health has topped the $2 billion 

mark, with the extramural program rising to $1.8 billion 

in 1972. By using the data developed in the 1969 study, 

it was estimated that the 1972 awards program supported over 77,000 direct full-time equivalent jobs and 

generated an additional 61,000 jobs through purchases, 

for a total of about 138,00c).1 7 The direct operations of 

NIH resulted in 12,300 jobs on its own payroll in FY 

1972 and an estimated 6,000 jobs in indirect employment.

As summarized in table 5, NIH expenditures for all

1 6 These manpower requirements for NIH extramural operations exclude the manpower requirements for overhead costs of

institutions performing the grants or contracts.

1 7To estimate the 1972 employment figures, expenditures

on grants and other awards in 1972 were scaled to the totals for

1969, with adjustments made for productivity and price changes.

Table 5. NIH expenditures and employment requirements by program, fiscal years 1969 and 1972

1969 1972

Program Expenditures

(thousands) Employment Expenditures

(thousands) Employment

Total ............................................................... $1,479,695 C1) $2,077,908 C1)

Total less grant overhead............................................... 1,333,054 128,984 1,841,572 154,204

Awards (extramural program )...................................... 1,291,075 C1) 1,815,098 C1)

Awards less grant overhead............................... 1,144,435 112,027 1,578,762 137,983

Fellowships and loans............................. 132,071 13,239 211,599 14,878

Construction grants.................................. 172,955 10,773 73,819 4,480

Other grants and contracts .................... 986,049 C ) 1,529,680 C )

Personnel ...................................... 2 471,099 3 56,914 4 759,453 3 77,390

Purchases ...................................... 2331,190 31,101 533,892 41,235

Overhead......................................... 2 146,640 C ) 4 236,336 C1)

Direct operations .......................................................... 188,620 16,957 262,810 16,221

Personnel (NIH staff) ........................................ 123,484 511,605 178,268 510,270

Purchases ............................................................. 65,136 5,352 84,542 5,951

1 Data on em plo ym en t resulting from overhead expenditures

not available.

2 Represents sample results and therefore does not add

precisely to total.

3 Full-tim e equivalent jobs; all other em ploym en t figures are a

cou n t o f both fu ll- and part-tim e jobs. Full-tim e equivalent

equals the total num ber o f hours w orked on a job in 1 year

divided b y 2,080, the total num ber o f hours w orked on a

full-tim e job in a regular w ork year.

4 Estim ated .

5 Full-tim e on ly.

S O U R C E : Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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programs generated total employment requirements of 

over 154,000 jobs in 1972. Table 6 summarizes the 

occupational composition of this employment. Although 

these data are for FY 1969, the proportions in the 

occupational groups would not be significantly different 

for 1972.

Extramural program

Under the BLS system of determining manpower 

impact, the expenditures for grants and awards might be 

considered purchases of services and be applied to the 

appropriate industry sector in the bill of goods to 

determine the employment indirectly supported in the 

educational services and other industry sectors receiving 

these funds. However, this technique would not give 

very enlightening results because of the specialized 

nature of the employment requirements and the magnitude of the extramural awards program. Instead, the 

extramural awards program was examined separately, in 

much the same manner as if it were a separate Federal

program. Thus, there are direct and indirect employment 

requirements for the awards program as well as for the 

direct NIH operations.

The direct awards program employment consists of 

those who work directly on the grants and contracts. 

They are not Federal employees, as would be the case 

with the direct employment in other programs. The 

indirect employment is the employment supported 

throughout the economy by the contractors’ and grantees’ expenditures for goods and services used in fulfilling 

the grants and contracts.

There were two parts of the extramural awards 

program which had no direct employment; these were 

examined separately. The fellowships, scholarships, and 

loans program, which involves direct payments to 

students, generated indirect employment when the 

students spent these funds for goods and services. Funds 

for construction generated indirect employment in the 

construction and other industries. There was also a 

portion of the contractors’ and grantees’ expenditures 

for goods and services, the “overhead” portion, for 

which no employment estimate was available.

Table 6. NIH employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1969

Occupation

Total

(except

fellowships

and loans)

Extramural program Direct operations

Direct

employment

Indirect employment NIH

staff

Employment

generated

by purchases Generated by

construction grants

Generated

by purchases

T o ta l.................................................... 115,745 56,914 10,773 31,101 11,605 5,352

Professional, technical, and

kindred workers ........................................... 56,646 44,736 858 5,119 5,213 720

Managers, officials, and

proprietors .................................................... 5,691 179 1,060 2,845 1,149 458

Sales w orke rs...................................................... 2,554 — 414 1,916 — 224

Clerical w orkers.................................................. 18,746 7,229 1,438 6,002 3,039 1,038

Craft and kindred w orke rs................................ 8,357 323 3,370 3,558 371 735

Operatives ........................................................... 8,724 9 2,070 5,309 330 1,006

Service workers .................................................. 6,583 896 380 4,075 706 526

Laborers, except farm ...................................... 7,604 3,542 1,118 1,750 797 397

Farmers and farm w o rke rs................................ 840 - 65 527 - 248

Percent distribution

T o ta l.................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Professional, technical, and

kindred workers ........................................... 48.9 78.6 8.0 16.5 44.9 13.5

Managers, officials, and

proprietors .................................................... 4.9 - 9.8 9.2 9.9 8.6

Sales w orkers...................................................... 2.2 — 3.8 6.2 — 4.2

Clerical w orke rs.................................................. 16.2 12.7 13.4 19.3 26.2 19.4

Craft and kindred w o rke rs................................ 7.2 .6 31.3 11.4 3.2 13.7

Operatives ........................................................... 7.5 - 19.2 17.1 2.8 18.8

Service workers .................................................. 5.7 1.6 3.5 13.1 6.1 9.8

Laborers, except farm ...................................... 6.6 6.2 10.4 5.6 6.9 7.4

Farmers and farm w orke rs................................ .7 — .6 1.7 — 4.6

N O T E : Direct jobs o f the extram ural program ar« full-tim e S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics,

equivalent jo b s (see fo o tn o te 3, table 5). N IH staff jobs are

full-tim e jobs on ly. A ll other job measures are a cou n t o f both

fu ll-a n d part-tim e jobs.

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Program description. Research grants, the largest grant 

category in terms of both number and dollar amount, 

support a wide variety of projects. These range from the 

funding of discrete, specified research projects requiring 

less than $5,000 to the support of entire centers engaged 

in health research, amounting in some cases to more 

than $1 million.

While research grants are geared primarily toward the 

support of basic research, research contracts are used 

mainly to test or develop new products or procedures 

for use by the scientific community. This form of award 

for research has grown more rapidly than grants in the 

last few years: in 1963 contracts accounted for about 9 

percent of total research award funds; by 1969 they 

were 14 percent; and in 1972 about 21 percent.

Medical training grants are awarded by the Bureau of 

Health Manpower Education, a division which has since 

been transferred out of NIH to another part of the 

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. These 

grants support programs training a wide variety of health 

professions personnel.

Loans, fellowships, and related awards make up a 

relatively small share of the extramural program compared to grants and contracts. In 1969, $132 million was 

awarded for loans and fellowships, about 10 percent of 

total awards. To derive the employment impact of loans 

and fellowships, a standard expenditure pattern for 

personal consumption expenditures was applied to the 

total sum of loans and fellowships in lieu of any actual 

expenditure data.18 These expenditures generated employment requirements equaling slightly more than

13,000 jobs.

Construction grants support the building of research 

facilities, medical and nursing schools, hospitals, and 

related health facilities. These grants were not included 

in the sample studied because of the lack of data on 

actual construction materials purchased and labor employed. Rather, the employment impact of these construction grants was estimated using existing BLS studies 

on the employment generated by hospital construction.19 Although the grants were not specifically for 

hospitals, it was felt that the hospital data more closely 

approximated the actual manpower requirements of the 

construction grants than any other data available.

It should be noted in connection with the construction grants that although the study is based on funds 

awarded in 1969, the actual expenses for construction 

occurred over a period of a few years, beginning with

18 The use of a standard personal consumption expenditure

pattern is not accurate to the extent that the consumption

pattern of recipients of these loans or fellowships differs from

that of the average consumer.

1 9 See Factbook.

1970. However, the figure of almost 10,800 jobs 

associated with 1969 construction funds is an estimate 

assuming that the funds had been spent in one year; in 

reality these 10,800 jobs would result over several years.

Data and sample. Over 25,000 individual awards were 

made in 1969. Each award recipient submitted a record 

of expenditures to NIH, and these records served as the 

data base for the manpower impact study. It was found, 

in a pretest of several records, that detailed reporting of 

expenditures, itemizing personnel and purchases, was 

discontinued in 1970. Hence 1969 was selected as the 

fiscal year for this study. A sample was drawn to collect 

expenditures and employment data, stratified by type 

and dollar amount, since the spending and employment 

patterns of the awards were expected to vary depending 

upon these characteristics. Table 7 shows the number of 

each type of award included in the sample and the total 

amount of funds awarded for each of the various types 

in 1969.

The proportion of grants selected for the sample 

increased as the dollar size of the grants increased—all 

awards of $1 million or more were included in the 

sample, while for grants of less than $10,000 only one 

out of every 254 was chosen. Research grants constituted the largest proportion of grants sampled—226 out 

of the total of 368 in the sample—since they accounted 

for the largest share of total award money (about half). 

Research and medical training grants and research 

contracts each had about the same number of grants in 

the sample (43 to 49) since they all represented roughly 

the same proportion of total award funds (8 to 11 

percent). Construction grants and fellowships, scholarships, and loans were not included in the sample.

Almost 80 percent of all grants and contract awards 

were received by persons affiliated with institutions of 

higher education, which implies that most of the direct

Table 7. Domestic awards made by NIH (extramural

program) by type, fiscal year 1969

Type of av ard

Number

of

awards

Sample Amount

(thousands)

Total . . .................... 25,124 368 $1,291,075

Research grants......................... 12,088 226 622,111

Research training....................... 2,382 48 140,121

Medical training......................... 1,848 49 117,881

Research contracts.................... 948 43 101,776

Medical libraries......................... 395 2 4,160

Construction grants.................. 75 - 172,955

Loans, fellowships,

and scholarships.................. 7,388 - 132,071

S O U R C E : N ational Institutes of Health, U.S. Departm ent of

Health, Education and W elfare.

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manpower requirements of the NIH award program were 

met by universities and medical schools. Other types of 

institutions receiving support were hospitals not affiliated with medical schools, about 8 percent of total NIH 

awards, and research institutes, about 7 percent.

About half of all nonconstruction grant and contract 

money awarded in 1969—$471 million out of $986 

million—was for compensation and benefit payments to 

personnel directly employed on the grants (table 8). An 

additional 35 percent was spent on the purchases of 

goods and services such as equipment, supplies, travel, 

hospitalization, and related items.

The remaining 15 percent represented payments to 

the institutions receiving grants to cover indirect costs 

such as administration, utilities, use of facilities and, in 

the case of profit firms, a fee. Indirect costs are based 

upon a fixed rate for each recipient institution, which is 

set through negotiation between the institution and the 

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). 

This rate applies to all grants awarded to that institution 

by any of the agencies of HEW. The specific indirect (or 

overhead) costs associated with each grant are usually 

not itemized, so developing a distribution for these costs 

by type for each grant was not possible. In light of this 

difficulty, and also because the costs were rather general 

and were not unique to health research and training, a 

thorough analysis of the manpower effects of these costs 

was not undertaken.

Direct employment requirements. The largest share of 

the 1969 extramural funds—that allocated to employee

Table 8. Expenditures and employment requirements

of NIH extramural program, fiscal year 1969

Expenditures Employment

Program Total

(thousands) Percent Total Percent

Total . . . $1,291,075 - 112,027 -

Fellowships and

loans .................. 132,071 — 13,239 -

Construction

grants ................ 172,955 - 10,773 -

Other grants and

contracts........... 1948,929 100.0 88,015 100.0

Personnel .. . 471,099 49.6 2 56,914 64.7

Purchases . . . 331,190 34.9 31,101 35.3

Overhead . . . 146,640 15.5 (3) —

S a m p le result and does not add to total. Universe total for

other grants and contracts equals $986,049,000.

2 Full-tim e equivalent jobs; all other em ploym en t figures are a

count o f both full- and part-tim e jobs. Fu ll-tim e equivalent is the

total num ber o f hours w orked in 1 year divided by 2,080 hours,

the total num ber o f m an-hours in a full w o rk year.

3 N o t available.

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

Table 9. Direct employment requirements of NIH

extramural program,1 by occupation, fiscal year 1969

Occupation

Full-time

equivalent jobs2

Number Percent

T o ta l.................................................. 56,914 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred

workers........................................................ 44,736 78.6

Life and physical

scientists........................................... 22,741 40.0

Other health w orkers........................... 4,179 7.3

Technicians (except m edical).............. 14,306 25.1

Other professional or

technical w orke rs........................... 3,510 6.2

Clerical workers............................................... 7,229 12.7

Laborers, except fa rm .................................... 3,542 6.2

All other ........................................................... 1,407 2.5

1 Excludes construction grants, fellow ships, and loan program s.

2 Full-tim e equivalent is the total num ber of hours w orked in

a year divided b y 2,080 hours, the total num ber of m an-hours in

a full w ork year. Th is measure d iffers fro m a total job count

measure used elsewhere in the report, w hich counts the num ber

o f both full and part-tim e jobs.

S O U R C E : Bureau of Labor Statistics.

compensation—supported a total of 56,914 full-time 

equivalent jobs.20 These jobs encompassed a wide 

variety of occupations ranging from professional research workers to technical and clerical personnel. As 

noted earlier, approximately 80 percent of the grants 

were directed to universities and medical schools; hence 

most of the employment occurred at these institutions.

It should be noted that the full-time equivalent jobs 

total of 56,914 actually represents substantially more 

individuals, because of the large number of graduate 

students and others who usually work only part time on 

a grant. Also, the job count includes only workers who 

received compensation from the grant funds and excludes those who were paid entirely from other sources 

but who nevertheless may have participated in the 

research.

Over three-fourths of the jobs related directly to the 

extramural program were in the professional or technical 

field. About half of these jobs, 22,741 full-time equivalents, were held by life and physical scientists (table 9). 

Among the scientists, those in the area of clinical 

medicine were the largest group (7,413 full-time equivalent jobs), followed by biological sciences (7,219 jobs) 

and basic medicine (5,016 jobs).21 The individual 

specialties in the medical science field with the greatest 

representation were biochemistry, pathology, pediatrics,

20For definition of a full-time equivalent job, see table 8,

footnote 2.

2 detailed occupational data for the NIH employment

requirements are shown in appendix table B-3.

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physiology, and biophysics. According to the study, at 

least 65 percent of all the medical scientists supported 

by NIH grants and contracts held M.D.s (35 percent) or 

Ph.Ds (29 percent) or both (1.4 percent).

Second to medical scientists in numbers were nonmedical technicians, 14,306 full-time equivalents or 

about one-quarter of the total number of jobs. Most of 

these technicians were classified as laboratory technicians, with a small number of research assistants and 

animal technicians making up the balance.

Purchases. In addition to the $471 million for employee 

compensation, NIH grantees and contractors purchased 

$331 million of goods and services from FY 1969 award 

funds—about 35 percent of the total money awarded.

The manufacturing sector was the largest source of 

these purchases, representing more than half of all 

expenditures (table 10). Two industries in particular 

accounted for over 16 percent of total expenditures— 

chemicals, and scientific and controlling instruments 

(laboratory equipment). Over $25 million was spent in 

each of these two sectors. The food industry also ranked 

high as a percent of the total, reflecting the payments of 

living expenses to students under training grants to 

which a personal consumption expenditure distribution 

was applied. Other manufactured goods purchased in 

large quantities directly by grantees and contractors

Table 10. Purchases resulting from NIH extramural

program1 by industry sector, fiscal year 1969

Sector Amount

(thousands) Percent

T o ta l........................................... $331,190 100.0

A griculture................................................. 10,657 3.2

Mining ........................................................ 12 —

Construction ............................................. 8,930 2.7

Manufacturing ........................................... 186,577 56.3

Chemicals......................................... 28,475 8.6

Scientific and controlling

instruments................................ 26,426 8.0

Transportation, communication, and

public u tilitie s...................................... 15,274 4.6

Trade ........................................................... 17,119

4,095

5.2

Wholesale......................................... 1.2

R e ta il............................................... 13,024 3.9

Finance, insurance, and real

estate...................................................... 13,964 4.2

Services ...................................................... 78,657 23.8

Hospitals ......................................... 23,594 7.1

Miscellaneous business

services ...................................... 23,152 7.0

Educational services...................... 18,579 5.6

Government enterprises........................... 982 .3

1 Excludes construction grants, fellow ships, and loan p ro ­

grams.

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

included drugs, computer equipment, glassware, optical 

equipment, photographic equipment, and medical and 

surgical instruments.

Service industries received slightly less than onequarter of grantee expenditures, about $79 million. 

Within the services sector, the largest sum went for 

hospital costs, followed closely by the purchase of 

miscellaneous business services such as building services 

(janitorial, for example), equipment maintenance and 

repair, and computer time. Educational services, reflecting training grant tuition payments, and medical services 

were the two other major service industries receiving 

NIH funds.

The other major industrial sectors had much smaller 

shares of total purchases. Retail trade accounted for 

only about 4 percent of all expenditures, again mostly 

attributable to trainee stipends. The wholesale trade 

margin on goods which were purchased by NIH grantees 

or contractors represented only about 1 percent of total 

purchases.

Construction accounted for almost 3 percent of all 

expenditures, chiefly maintenance and repair construction. The agriculture and livestock component received 

$11 billion, or about 3 percent of the total, primarily 

reflecting the purchase of laboratory animals by researchers. Transportation, in particular air transport, 

made up about 3 percent of all grant and contract 

expenses as well, representing travel by scientific investigators supported by NIH funds.

Indirect employment requirements. The purchases by 

NIH grantees or contractors, totaling $331 million in 

1969, supported 31,100 full- and part-time jobs throughout the economy that year (table 11). About 30 percent 

of these jobs were in the services sector, particularly in 

hospitals, educational services, and business services. 

These three industries accounted for almost one-fourth 

of all generated jobs, reflecting the large outlays for 

hospitalization, computer time, equipment maintenance, 

and tuition payments.

The manufacturing sector also had about 30 percent 

of the generated employment. About half of the 9,300 

jobs in manufacturing were generated by the program 

purchases described earlier and about half were generated indirectly through other industries’ requirements 

for manufactured products.

Within the manufacturing sector, industries affected 

by the NIH extramural program included scientific and 

controlling instruments (4 percent of total generated 

employment), chemicals (2.3 percent), and printing, 

glass, computer equipment, publishing, optical equipment, electronic components, food products, and medical instruments (each 1.7 to 1.0 percent of total

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Table 11. Indirect employment requirements of NIH

extramural program1 by industry sector, fiscal year 1969

Sector Full-and part-time jobs

Number Percent

T o ta l......................................... 31,101 100.0

Agriculture ............................................. 1,917 6.2

M in in g ...................................................... 226 .7

C onstruction........................................... 675 2.2

Manufacturing......................................... 9,300 29.9

Scientific and controlling

instruments............................. 1,245 4.0

Chemical products....................... 715 2.3

P rin tin g ......................................... 519 1.7

G lass............................................. 516 1.7

Transportation, communication, and

public utilitie s.................................... 1,889 6.1

T rade........................................................ 5,989 19.3

Wholesale...................................... 1,887 6.1

R etail............................................. 4,102 13.2

Finance, insurance, and real

estate .................................................. 943 3.0

Services.................................................... 9,532 30.7

H ospitals...................................... 2,651 8.5

Educational services.................... 2,477 8.0

Miscellaneous business

services.................................... 2,248 7.2

Government enterprises......................... 630 2.0

1 Excludes construction grants, fellow ships, and loans program s.

N O T E : Item s m ay not add to totals due to rounding.

S O U R C E : Bureau of Labor Statistics.

generated jobs).22

The trade sector accounted for nearly 6,000 jobs or 

19 percent of the total, while 6.2 percent were in 

agriculture. More than half of the jobs in agriculture, 

which also includes the livestock industry, reflected the 

large demand for laboratory animals on the part of NIH 

researchers.

The largest occupational group affected by NIH 

grantee and contractor purchases was clerical workers,

6,000 out of the total of 31,100 generated jobs (table 

6). Operatives constituted the second largest category, 

with 5,300 jobs or 17.1 percent of the total, while the 

professional and technical component accounted for 

5,100 jobs or 16.5 percent. Within the professional and 

technical category, medical workers such as nurses and 

teachers were the largest occupations. Service workers, 

in services including food, cleaning, and health services, 

also constituted a sizable share of total jobs, 13.1 

percent.2 3

2 2 The purchases and resulting requirements by detailed

industry for all of NIH are shown in appendix tables B-l and

B-2.

2 3 The occupational requirements for NIH by detailed occupation are shown in appendix table B-3.

Direct operations

The expenditures of NIH for its direct operations 

were tabulated directly from data covering all NIH 

operations and thus did not involve the use of a sample. 

For the direct employment of NIH, totaling 11,605 

full-time employees in 1969, a listing of all jobs by 

occupation was obtained and summarized by major 

occupational group. Since NIH directly operates research 

laboratories and a clinical center, a large number of NIH 

employees were life and physical scientists, about 19 

percent of the total; science technicians, 8.8 percent; 

and medical workers, 6.1 percent. Together with other 

related occupations, the professional and technical group 

accounted for almost half of all the jobs at NIH in 1969 

(table 12).

Clerical personnel were the second largest category, 

about one-fourth of the total. In addition to secretaries, 

typists, and stenographers, this group also included a 

large number of grants-processing personnel, reflecting 

the magnitude of the NIH award program.

Information on purchases of supplies, equipment, 

services, and all other items was obtained from NIH’s 

accounting and procurement offices. It was found that 

expenditures for NIH direct operations and resulting 

employment closely resembled the pattern of expenditures of grantees and contractors, since both programs 

are involved in medical research.

Table 12. Employment by occupation, NIH direct

operations, fiscal year 1969

Occupation Full-time jobs

Number Percent

T o ta l.................................................. 11,605 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred

workers......................................................... 5,213 44.9

Life and physical scientists ................ 2,203 19.0

Biologists.................................... 613 5.3

Chem ists.................................... 581 5.0

O th e r........................................... 1,009 8.7

Science technicians ............................. 1,017 8.8

Biological

technicians........................... 697 6.0

Other . . . ..................................... 320 2.8

Medical workers.................................... 712 6.1

Nurses......................................... 381 3.3

Other ........................................... 331 2.9

O the r...................................................... 1,281 11.0

Managers, officials, and proprietors.............. 1,149 9.9

Clerical workers............................................... 3,039 26.2

Craft and kindred w orkers............................. 371 3.2

Operatives......................................................... 330 2.8

Service w orke rs............................................... 706 6.1

Laborers, except fa rm .................................... 797 6.9

S O U R C E : N ational Institutes of Health, U.S. Departm ent of

Health, Education, and Welfare. Com piled b y Bureau of Labor

Statistics.

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Principal expenditures of NIH in 1969 were for the 

direct purchase of doctors’, dentists’, and medical 

workers’ services on a contract basis to supplement 

NIH’s own staff. This industry received $7.6 million of 

the $65 million total, or 11.6 percent. Almost $4.5 

million was spent for scientific and controlling instruments, while miscellaneous business services received 

$3.8 million and chemicals received $3.6 million. Other 

industries with purchases of over $2 million were 

maintenance construction, drugs, air transportation, 

optical equipment, printing, communications, and food 

products.

The employment generated by these purchases occurred primarily in manufacturing and service industries, 

mirroring the employment generated by the extramural 

program expenditures. Within the manufacturing sector, 

however, employment resulting from NIH purchases was 

more evenly distributed than that resulting from the 

extramural purchases, with no single industry accounting 

for more than 5 percent of total jobs. In the services 

sector, medical services represented 10.3 percent of all 

jobs and business services 6.5 percent. The trade 

category constituted another 10.1 percent of all jobs, 

agriculture 8.8 percent, and transportation 6.6 percent. 

(See table 13.)

Major occupations affected by NIH purchases included clerical workers and operatives, as was true in the

extramural program. The third largest occupational 

group was craft workers, including skilled construction 

workers, mechanics, and repairers.

Table 13. Employment generated by purchases of NIH

direct operations, by industry sector, fiscal year 1969

Sector Full- and part-time jobs

Number Percent

T o ta l......................................... 5,352 100.0

Agriculture ............................................. 471 8.8

M in in g...................................................... 62 1.1

C onstruction........................................... 194 3.6

M anufacturing......................................... 1,877 35.1

Scientif ic and controll ing

instruments............................. 219 4.1

P rin tin g ......................................... 175 3.3

Transportation, communication, and

public utilitie s.................................... 569 10.6

Trade ........................................................ 538 10.1

Wholesale...................................... 341 6.4

R etail............................................. 197 3.7

Finance, insurance, and real

estate .................................................. 129 2.4

Services.................................................... 1,354 25.3

Medical services........................... 552 10.3

Miscellaneous business

services.................................... 349 6.5

Government enterprises......................... 158 3.0

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

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Chapter 3. Manpower Institutional Training Program

Summary

The program of institutional manpower training 

authorized by the Manpower Development and Training 

Act of 1962 (MDTA) required 26,160 direct and 

indirect jobs to supply program needs (including training 

allowances) in 1972. The direct employment, which is 

the total number of jobs located at the training sites, was 

estimated to be 12,300 or 47 percent of total program 

requirements. Over half of these jobs at the training sites 

were in the professional and technical category, including teachers and counselors. The indirect employment, 

which was the employment generated in the private 

sector by all program expenditures except compensation, was concentrated in the trade, service, and manufacturing industries, chiefly retail trade, personal services, food, and apparel. Forty percent of the total 

indirect employment was concentrated in the operative 

and clerical occupations, specifically bus and truck 

drivers, machine operators, secretaries, and cashiers. 

Craft and kindred workers constituted 12 percent of the 

generated employment; these workers were in a wide 

range of occupations, but a large proportion were 

mechanics. No other major occupational group made up 

as much as 10 percent of the indirect employment.

Program description

Since the early 1960’s the Federal Government has 

been strongly committed to the development of the 

Nation’s manpower resources. In the past decade, nearly 

a dozen manpower training programs have been created 

to upgrade the skills of the labor force. The national 

program of institutional manpower training, the oldest 

Federal manpower program, was created under the 

authority of the Manpower Development and Training 

Act of 1962 2 4 In its first decade, more than 1.2 million

2 4The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of

1973 incorporated into one piece of legislation the Federal

manpower training and support services which had been provided under the Manpower Development and Training Act, the

Economic Opportunity Act, and the Emergency Employment

Act. In the future, State and local governments will receive

annually one Federal appropriation for all job training activities

and will determine the mix of programs to best meet local needs.

trainees had enrolled in the institutional program and 

over $2 billion in Federal funds were required to support 

program activities.

The program provided grants to States and territories 

for classroom occupational training. Its purpose was to 

equip the disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed 16 years of age and older with marketable 

occupational skills and to reduce labor shortages in local 

areas. Training was provided through State and local 

education agencies and was restricted to occupational 

skills in short supply. A living allowance equivalent to 

the State’s average unemployment compensation benefit 

and a transportation allowance were provided to trainees. Although the length of training varied with the 

individual trainee’s needs, the maximum period of time 

for providing trainee allowances was 104 weeks. The 

average length of training projects was from 6 to 9 

months, although most projects were continuously 

funded and repeated each year.

The program, introduced in a time of high unemployment, initially emphasized short training periods and 

rapid job placement. At first most trainees were heads of 

households, with 3 years’ work experience, whose jobs 

had been eliminated by automation, foreign competition, or other economic dislocations. In the late 1960’s 

the program’s orientation shifted to disadvantaged jobless youth. As a result of this shift, the training 

curriculum was expanded to include remedial education, 

communication skills, and supportive services such as job 

counseling and placement.

Originally, training took place only in groups organized for training in a single occupation. Later, skill 

centers were introduced which offered multioccupational training and supportive services. Training could 

also be carried out by individual referral whereby a 

student was enrolled in an ongoing vocational program 

operated by a public or private institution. In this 

situation, tuition was paid out of manpower training 

funds.

A wide variety of occupational training was offered 

under the program, ranging from technical training in 

drafting and practical nursing to bench and structural 

work in machine operation and welding. The training 

courses with the largest enrollments were for the

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secretarial, auto mechanic, welding, and practical nursing 

occupations.

The program was administered jointly at the Federal 

level by the Department of Labor (DOL)—responsible 

for determining the Nation’s manpower and training 

needs, trainee selection, and allowances—and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW)—charged 

with establishing and funding individual training projects. Federal funds were apportioned among the States 

and territories according to an allocation formula established in the 1962 legislation, and they reached the local 

training agencies through State employment security 

offices and State boards of education. The States were 

required to match up to 10 percent of their total Federal 

allocation to offset program expenses.

Data and sample

This study was based on data submitted to HEW in 

the statement of proposed expenditures required for 

each training project as part of the application for 

Federal funding. The following list briefly states the 

types of data provided:

• Facility costs (rents, utilities, remodeling)

• Administrative salaries (administrator, clerical, custodian, employee fringe and travel expenses)

• Instructional salaries (instructors, guidance counselors)

• Equipment (major, minor, repair and servicing, 

rental)

• Instruction materials (audiovisual, textbooks, 

workbooks)

Although the data supplied are for proposed rather than 

actual expenditures, they constitute the most complete 

and detailed source of information currently available.

In 1972, over 1,500 institutional training projects 

were funded under MDTA. The BLS Office of Survey 

Design constructed a weighted sample of 259 grants 

from this total.25 Data on the sample members were 

gathered and coded according to the appropriate producing industry in the input-output system and the occupational definitions used in the industry occupational 

matrix.

Program totals developed from the sample will vary 

from other published figures for the MDTA program. 

This may be due to changes in planned expenditures, to 

the lack of complete data on a project which may have 

been renewed during the fiscal year, or to the difference 

between obligated funds and outlays. Nevertheless, the 

results of the study are not weakened since the 

interpretation of the results depends primarily on the 2

2 5Excluded from the sample are projects funded in Hawaii

and U.S. territories, and experimental and demonstration grants.

percent distributions of the bill of goods, employment, 

and occupational requirements.

Expenditures

The results of the study sample for the MDTA 

institutional training program, broken down into the 

major categories of expenditure and their proportion of 

the program total, are shown below for fiscal year 1972:

Amount (millions) Percent

Total ............................................. $253.5 100.0

Cost of training (H E W )................................ 125.3 49.4

Compensation of employees at

training sites................................. 74.6 29.4

Purchases of goods and services .... 50.7 20.0

Allowances (DOL) ...................................... 128.2 50.6

Training ............................................. 119.8 47.3

Transportation .................................. 8.4 3.3

The cost of training, including compensation and 

purchases of goods and services in the private sector, 

amounted to slightly less than half of the total program 

expenditures. Of this amount, 60 percent went directly 

to compensation of teachers and other employees at the 

training site. The remaining $50.7 million represented 

the amount spent on equipment, books, utilities, rentals, 

and other goods and services.

A bill of goods was developed from these expenditures for further analysis within the input-output framework. This analysis provides the numbers of jobs in each 

industry required to produce the goods and services 

purchased. The allowances, which amounted to $128.2 

million, were considered as a transfer payment. Since 

there was no detail available on how trainees spent these 

funds, it was assumed that the expenditure pattern for 

this segment of the program would resemble the 

personal consumption expenditure (PCE) pattern of a 

low-income family. Such a PCE pattern was approximated and applied to the total for training allowances 

generated by the sample and in turn was anlayzed within 

the input-output system. A separate bill of goods based 

on the PCE pattern was constructed for the $119.8 

million in trainee allowances estimated in the sample. 

The $8.4 million in transportation allowances was added 

into the railroad and local and intercity bus transportation sectors of this bill of goods. The complete bill of 

goods for the PCE distribution and for program purchases of goods and services is provided in appendix 

table B-l.

Employment requirements and occupational patterns

It is estimated that a total of 26,160 full- and

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part-time jobs was generated directly and indirectly from 

the MDTA institutional program expenditures of $253.5 

million in 1972 (table 14).26 Employment directly on 

the payrolls of the grantees constituted approximately 

47 percent of the total jobs generated. Jobs generated 

directly in the State and local government sector, 

representing 4.3 percent of the program’s manpower 

requirements, were not part of the training project 

staffs, but were generated as a result of the tuition paid 

under the individual referral type of training. The 

indirect employment generated in the private sector 

accounted for 48.5 percent of the program’s employment impact.

Direct employment at training sites. The direct employment data summarized in the first column in table 15 

were taken directly from the “Cost of Occupational 

Training” forms submitted to HEW by each of the 

sample members. The forms supplied the number of 

jobs, occupational titles, total number of hours required 

for each job during the project, and hourly wage for

2 6 Detailed occupational data for the MDTA employment

requirements are shown in appendix table B-3.

each position. The number of jobs by occupational 

group in table 15 is derived from the sample members 

and weighted to provide an estimate of the program’s 

total direct employment and full-time equivalents. Due 

to the extensive part-time nature of the direct employment in this program, it is useful to look at some 

occupations in terms of the number of full-time equivalent jobs. The full-time equivalent, as noted earlier, is the 

total number of hours a person worked on a job in 1 

year, divided by 2,080 hours, the total number of hours 

worked on a full-time job in a regular work year. Most of 

the projects sampled operated for less than a full year, 

which accounts in part for the large differences between 

the number of jobs and the full-time equivalents.

Professional and technical workers, especially in the 

teaching and counseling professions, accounted for 51 

percent of the approximately 12,350 djfectly generated 

jobs. The managers, officials, and proprietors group 

made up 14 percent of the total jobs and comprised 

those jobs involved in the administration of the projects, 

which were usually on a part-time basis. Clerical workers 

made up 24 percent of the total direct employment; 

almost half of these workers were secretaries. Service

Table 14. Employment requirements of MDTA institutional training program by occupation, fiscal year 1972

Occupation

Full- and part-time jobs

Total

employment

Direct

employment at

training sites

Direct

employment

generated by

tuition costs

I nd irect

employment1

T o ta l............................................................. 26,160 12,347 1,125 12,688

Professional, technical, and kindred

w orkers.................................................................... 8,220 6,337 753 1,130

Managers, officials, and proprietors ......................... 3,077 1,736 61 1,280

Sales w orke rs............................................................... 1,080 — — 1,080

Clerical w orkers........................................................... 5,313 2,954 109 2,250

Craft and kindred w orke rs........................................ 1,520 — (2) 1,520

Operatives ................................................................... 2,808 -

(2) 2,808

Service workers .......................................................... 2,823 1,320 173 1,330

Laborers, except farm ............................................... 600 —

(2) 600

Farmers and farm w orke rs........................................ 690 - - 690

Percent distribution

T o ta l............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred

w orkers.................................................................... 31.5 51.3 67.0 8.9

Managers, officials, and proprietors ......................... 11.8 14.1 5.4 10.1

Sales w o rke rs............................................................... 4.1 — — 8.5

Clerical w orke rs.......................................................... 20.3 23.9 9.7 17.8

Craft and kindred w orke rs........................................ 5.8 — — 12.0

Operatives .................................................................... 10.7 - - 22.1

Service workers ........................................................... 10.8 10.7 15.4 10.5

Laborers, except farm ............................................... 2.3 — — 4.7

Farmers and farm w o rke rs........................................ 2.6 — — 5.4

1 Includes indirect em ploym en t generated b y tuition costs. S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

2 Less than 50.

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Table 15. Direct employment requirements of MDTA institutional training program

by occupation, fiscal year 1972

Occupation Full- and part-time jobs Full-time equivalent jobs1

Number Percent Number

i

Percent

Total ............................................. 12,347 100.0 6,179 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred

w o rke rs.................................................... 6,337 51.3 3,799 61.5

Teachers............................................. 5,117 41.4 3,250 52.6

Counselors ......................................... 1,027 8.3 483 7.8

O thers.................................................. 193 1.6 66 1.1

Managers, officials, and

proprietors............................................... 1,736 14.1 554 9.0

Administrators .................................. 1,736 14.1 554 9.0

Clerical workers ........................................... 2,954 23.9 1,322 21.4

Secretaries........................................... 1,307 10.6 606 9.8

Bookkeepers....................................... 425 3.4 131 2.1

C lerks.................................................. 361 2.9 114 1.8

Teaching aides.................................... 585 4.7 282 4.6

O thers.................................................. 276 2.2 189 3.1

Service workers............................................. 1,320 10.7 504 8.2

Janitors............................................... 1,320 10.7 504 8.2

1 Full-tim e equivalent is the total num ber o f

hours w orked in 1 year divided b y 2,080 hours,

the total num ber o f m an-hours in a full w ork

year. For exam ple, if a teacher w o rk s 40 hours a

workers accounted for 11 percent of the jobs directly 

generated.

As seen in table 15, professional and technical 

workers, particularly teachers, constituted a greater 

percentage of the total full-time equivalent employment 

than of the total jobs generated, indicating that teachers 

were the most likely to be employed full time. For all 

other groups, their share of full-time equivalent employment was smaller than their share of total jobs.

Employment generated by tuition costs. As previously 

stated, occupational skill training under the MDTA 

institutional program is carried out in manpower training 

centers, in small groups organized by local school 

systems and by individual referral. Training by individual 

referral means that a trainee is placed in an ongoing 

training program operated by a public or private 

institution and the tuition costs incurred are paid out of 

MDTA funds. Detail on how tuition receipts were spent 

by the institutions was not available; instead, the results 

of prior research on State and local education expenditures (less construction) were used to develop the direct 

and indirect employment impact of these expenditures. 

The distribution in table 14 includes estimates of the 

direct employment impact of these expenditures at the 

State and local level. Purchases of goods and services 

made with these funds were incorporated into the bill of 

goods for program purchases and the indirect employment effects of the tuition payments were combined 

with the indirect employment effects discussed in the 

following section.

week for 26 weeks, the full-tim e equivalent o f

that job is 0.5 (1,040 hours -f 2,080 hours).

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

Indirect employment. The total indirect employment 

generated under the MDTA institutional training program in 1972 amounted to about 12,700 full- and 

part-time jobs. More than 10,000 of these resulted from 

the trainee allowances; the remainder were generated by 

program purchases of goods and services, including the 

purchases arising from tuition costs, as discussed in the 

previous section. Although about 85 percent of the jobs 

generated by each of the bills of goods were in the 

manufacturing, transportation, trade, and service industries, the distribution of jobs among the industries was 

very different for the two bills of goods (table 16).

Obviously, the impact of the training allowances 

dominated the program’s indirect employment requirements. The resulting employment fell largely in the trade 

industries since most consumer purchases are made from 

the retail trade industry. Manufacturing industries most 

affected by allowances were food and apparel; employment was also high in the service industries, reflecting 

not only the demand for services but also the laborintensive nature of this sector.

The employment requirements generated by program 

purchase were concentrated in the manufacturing and 

service industry sectors. Manufacturing jobs made up 38 

percent of total employment. Four industries—paper, 

printing, publishing, and “other” fabricated metal products-had the largest employment requirements, reflecting this program’s high demand for paper supplies, 

textbooks, and equipment. Seventy-six percent of the 

employment in the services group was in educational and

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Table 16. Indirect employment requirements of MDTA institutional training program by industry sector,

fiscal year 1972

Full- and part-time jobs

Sector

Jobs generated

by total

bills of goods

Jobs generated

by trainee

allowances

Jobs generated

by program

purchases

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total ............................................................... 12,688 100.0 10,238 100.0 2,450 100.0

A griculture...................................................................... 766 6.0 729 7.1 37 1.5

M ining............................................................................... 108 .9 77 .8 31 1.3

Construction.................................................................... 195 1.5 148 1.4 47 1.9

Manufacturing.................................................................

Transportation, communication,

2,970 23.4 2,036 19.9 934 38.1

and public u tilitie s .................................................... 1,606 12.7 1,360 13.3 246 10.0

Trade ...............................................................................

Finance, insurance,and

3,502 27.6 3,239 31.6 263 10.7

real estate.................................................................... 707 5.6 579 5.7 128 5.2

Services............................................................................. 2,426 19.1 1,762 17.2 664 27.2

Government enterprises ............................................... 408 3.2 308 3.0 100 4.1

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

miscellaneous business services, due to such program 

expenses as educational testing and counseling services, 

equipment rental, repair, and duplicating services.

Table 17 provides the program’s indirect employment 

requirements distributed among major occupational 

groups. It should be noted that the requirements by

Table 17. Indirect employment requirements of MDTA institutional training by occupation, fiscal year 1972

Occupation

Total ................................

Professional, technical, and kindred

w o rke rs......................................

Engineers .............................

Technical ..................

Scientific

technicians...........

Medical workers ..................

All other professional and

technical w orkers...........

Managers, officials, and

proprietors..................................

Sales workers ..................................

Clerical workers .............................

Stenographers, typists, and

secretaries .......................

Office machine operators . .

Other clerical w orkers.........

Craft and kindred workers ...........

Construction c ra fts..............

Blue-collar worker

supervisors.......................

Metalworking crafts ...........

Mechanics.............................

All other craft and kindred

workers ...........................

Full- and

part-time jobs Occupation

Full- and

part-time jobs

Number Percent Number Percent

112,680 100.0 Operatives...................................................... 2,800 22.1

Semiskilled packing and

inspecting....................................... 260 2.1 1,130 8.9 Sewers and stitche rs......................... 250 2.0 220 1.7 Miscellaneous machine 120 1.0 operatives...................................... 220 1.7

Other operatives, not 100 .8 transport ...................................... 1,040 8.2 160 1.3 Transport equipment

operatives...................................... 1,030 8.1 750 5.9 Bus drivers ............................. 310 2.4

Taxicab drive rs....................... 220 1.7

ro00

o10.1 Truck drivers........................... 230 1.8

Other transport

1,080 8.5 operatives........................... 270 2.1

2,250 17.8 Service workers............................................. 1,330 10.5

Cleaning service

590 4.7 w o rke rs......................................... 310 2.4

100 .8 Food service workers ....................... 520 4.1

1,560 12.3 Health service workers .................... 150 1.2

Personal service w orke rs.................. 280 2.2 1,520 12.0 Protective service 250 2.0 w o rke rs......................................... 70 .6

220 1.7 Laborers, except fa rm .................................. 600 4.7

120 1.0

490 3.9 Farmers and farm workers ......................... 690 5.4

440 3.5

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occupation reflect in large part the spending by trainees 

of the allowances provided them. The largest share of 

the jobs generated in the private sector was in the 

operative occupations, which provided 2,800 jobs or 

approximately 22 percent of the total indirect employment. Within this group, the occupations most greatly 

affected were bus and truck drivers, semiskilled packers 

and inspectors, sewers and stitchers, and miscellaneous 

machine operators. The clerical occupations commanded 

18 percent of the generated employment, or 2,250 jobs. 

This group contains the largest of the detailed occupations—stenographers, typists, and secretaries. The third 

largest occupational group affected by the program was 

craft and kindred workers, which absorbed over 1,500 

jobs. Auto mechanics and heavy equipment mechanics

were the occupations most called for in this group. 

Managers, officials, and proprietors and service workers 

both held approximately 10 percent of the total jobs. In 

the service group, cleaning and food service workers 

accounted for the largest specific occupations. Professional and technical workers absorbed 9 percent of the 

total. This category has a small number of jobs distributed over a large number of specific occupations, which 

in table 17 are combined into “all other professional and 

technical workers.” Nonfarm laborers and farmers and 

farm workers constituted 4.7 percent and 5.4 percent of 

the total indirect employment. (A more detailed occupational breakdown of the employment is available in 

appendix B.)

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Chapter 4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

and the Space Shuttle Program

Summary

The total National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program in fiscal year 1973, with 

outlays of about $3.3 billion, is estimated to have 

generated over 194,000 jobs in both the public and 

private sectors, or about 58,600 jobs per billion dollars. 

Most of these jobs were in the manufacturing and 

services sectors, and, as might be expected, aerospace 

and research-oriented industries accounted for most of 

the employment. Professional and technical employees, 

including engineers, and equipment operatives were the 

occupational groups most affected.

The Space Shuttle program, NASA’s major new 

program, spent an estimated $230 million in 1973 and 

generated a little more than 13,000 jobs, or about

57,000 jobs per billion dollars. While these jobs were 

also highly concentrated in manufacturing and services, a 

somewhat higher proportion was in manufacturing than 

was the case for total NASA. Also, these jobs showed a 

heavier concentration in the aerospace industries than 

did NASA jobs as a whole. Professional and technical 

workers were by far the largest occupational group 

affected—about 83 percent of the private employment 

attributable to Space Shuttle was in this category.

Program description

The NASA study covered 1) employment requirements generated by all NASA functions and 2) requirements of the Space Shuttle program specifically. The 

total NASA phase of the study covers all outlays made 

by the agency in fiscal year 1973, the latest year for 

which complete data were available. NASA activities in 

this year were marked by the end of the Apollo 

program, with the last of the manned flights to the 

moon, and a consequent dip in manned space flight 

program outlays. This year also saw the first use of the 

Skylab space station in which man demonstrated a 

capability to perform various tasks in space for an 

extended period. NASA’s launch activities in 1973 

included two manned missions and 15 unmanned missions, including the Pioneer II launch to Jupiter.

This year also marked the beginning of more substantial outlays on the Space Shuttle program, the 

largest new program of NASA, which was scheduled to 

continue over the next few years. In 1973 this program 

moved out of the definitional phase into more advanced 

development. The Space Shuttle is a fly able orbit er, to 

be launched into a low earth orbit by two solid rocket 

boosters and its own main engines. The solid rocket 

boosters will detach at an altitude of about 25 miles and 

will then be recovered and reused. The orbiter, under its 

own power and using fuel from an expendable drop 

tank, will perform its tasks in low earth orbit and 

subsequently be flown back to earth for an unpowered 

aircraft type of landing. Since many of the components 

are reusable, the Space Shuttle is expected to provide a 

cheaper way of launching satellites and servicing and 

retrieving them, as well as provide a number of other 

space services not currently feasible.

Data and sample

For the purpose of this study, it was necessary to 

identify purchases by specific product or service. Also, 

purchases were desired in terms of expenditures or costs 

incurred rather than obligations, which imply varying 

time lapses before employment actually takes place. 

Purchases in this form provide the initial input into the 

model system used to estimate employment requirements.

NASA records were first examined to determine the 

availability of detailed information on purchases. The 

most useful sources of information were computer tapes 

provided by NASA containing details of all prime 

contracts (approximately 9,500) and subcontracts. 

These records identified contract purchases of $1,000 

and greater by product or service bought and by 

company. They also provided, not only the total amount 

obligated under the contract, but total expenditures and 

costs incurred during 1973. In the case of large 

contracts, the service or product identification was 

sometimes highly aggregated and could not be coded to

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a specific producing industry. In these cases, subcontracts provided useful additional information.

NASA obligations by budget object class provided 

another source of data. For the most part, this information was also too aggregated to be useful, but in some 

cases products and services were sufficiently detailed for 

industry identification. This source of data was particularly helpful in providing good descriptions in a number 

of areas not adequately covered by the contract data. On 

the other hand, use of these data required making 

assumptions about the time lag between obligations and 

actual expenditures.

Control totals were available for total NASA expenditures and for three major functional groupings. NASA 

funds are earmarked by use for eight different functions 

which conveniently collapse into the three major activities of administration, research and development, and 

construction. These sources of funding were also identified in the contract and budget object class data. As a 

result, both of these data sources could be organized 

according to type of funding, providing finer control 

totals and a basis for cross-referencing in coding.

Of the 9,500 contracts, a sample of 401 was taken 

(along with their subcontracts where available). All 301 

contracts that totaled $1 million or more were included; 

approximately 77 percent of total contract value was in 

this category. The remaining 100 contracts were determined by the relative dollar amount of the contracts in 

the universe. Several contracts selected could not be 

identified by type of purchase and contracts of like 

magnitude were substituted.

The sample of prime contracts and their subcontracts 

next was coded by 4-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. The amounts used were costs incurred, 

which were considered to be most representative of their 

employment impact. These were then expanded to 

represent the universe of contract values. Budget object 

class obligations were also coded to 4-digit SIC codes 

where possible. These were used as a check on contract 

results where appropriate, and more importantly, they 

were used to estimate noncontract outlays.

Sampling procedures were not used in estimating 

Space Shuttle purchases. Instead, all Space Shuttle prime 

contracts and their subcontracts were coded and used. 

Some 832 Space Shuttle prime contract actions were 

considered and all costs incurred on these contracts were 

coded. Contracts cancelled under the definitional phase 

of Space Shuttle with funds shifted to developmental 

Space Shuttle programs were coded to the costs incurred 

in the new program areas. In addition to contract values, 

the Space Shuttle program was credited with a percentage of NASA’s administrative costs, supplies, and

services based upon the number of NASA employees 

working on Space Shuttle.

Direct NASA employment of Federal workers was 

obtained from NASA personnel records. NASA employment assigned to the Space Shuttle program was 

estimated with the assistance of NASA.

Expenditures

The total NASA program in fiscal year 1973 

amounted to $3.3 billion, slightly higher than in 1972. 

Most of this money, about 77 percent, was channelled to 

development and ongoing space programs, while about 

22 percent went to salaries and program administration.

NASA’s activities affect the economy largely through 

contract outlays for research, operations, and administrative support. These amounted to about 80 percent of 

all NASA expenditures in 1973. Contract outlays went 

largely to business firms, which received about 90 

percent of total contract value. The remainder of the 

contracts went to educational and nonprofit institutions 

and to other government agencies.

The Space Shuttle program in 1973 is estimated to 

have cost about $230 million, or almost 7 percent of 

total NASA outlays. This figure was derived by totaling 

the costs incurred under all Space Shuttle contracts 

during the year. To this was added an estimate of the 

compensation and benefits received by NASA employees 

working on this program as well as a proportion of total 

NASA administrative support costs, such as the purchase 

of supplies and travel services.

Total NASA. In examining NASA outlays to determine 

their employment requirements, it was first necessary to 

determine which group ultimately spent NASA funds 

and how the funds were generally spent. Most NASA 

outlays, of course, were spent by NASA directly for the 

hire of personnel and for outside purchases of goods and 

services. However, some NASA outlays went to other 

Federal Government agencies and to State and local 

government institutions, which ultimately used the 

money to hire other government workers and to make 

purchases of goods and services in the private sector.

Aggregate NASA outlays to other Federal agencies 

and to State and local institutions were estimated by 

sampling NASA contracts and expanding the results. 

Where a Federal agency provided a product for NASA, it 

was assumed that the purchase was made during FY 

1973 and it was treated as a direct purchase by NASA 

from the private economy. Where a service was purchased from another Federal agency, this amount was 

lumped into a Federal purchase sector and later distributed to other Federal compensation and purchases

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from the private sector. Similarly, contracts to a State or 

locally controlled university were coded to an overall 

State and local sector on education and ultimately 

distributed to State and local government compensation 

and to specific State and local purchases.

Total NASA outlays for FY 1973 were first distributed 

as follows:

(thousands)

T o ta l........................................................... $3,315,220

Direct NASA compensation.................................... 563,800

Direct NASA purchases........................................... 2,586,318

Payments to other Federal agencies....................... 122,651

Payments to State and local in stitu tio n s.............. 42,451

With further refinement, these became:

(thousands)

T o ta l........................................................... $3,315,220

Purchases from the private sector:

NASA ............................................................. 2,586,318

Other Federal agencies.................................. 70,573

State and local institutions ......................... 12,065

Compensation:

NASA employees........................................... 563,800

Other Federal employees............................. 52,078

State and local employees........................... 30,386

The total of NASA purchases from the private sector 

was translated into specific purchases through the use of 

the sample of contract costs, obligations by object class 

detail, and other sources. In cases where large prime 

contracts had a general function and could not be 

reasonably coded to a single product or service, the 

amount was allocated to the performing establishment 

and to its subcontractors. Purchases by other Federal 

agencies and State and local institutions were estimated 

by using previous studies of purchases by these sectors.

Total NASA purchases from the private sector in FY 

1973 were made largely from the manufacturing sector, 

which accounted for about 76 percent of the total. 

Purchases of services amounted to about 17 percent. 

Industry purchases showed a marked concentration, as 

might be expected from NASA’s functions. In the 

manufacturing sector, the space vehicle and aircraft 

industries received almost half of the outlays made in 

the private economy. The space vehicle industry, which 

includes only completely assembled space vehicles, 

accounted for almost 29 percent of outlays from the 

private sector. (See table 18.) Purchases from the aircraft 

industry were high, accounting for about 19 percent, 

since this industry is defined to include space vehicle 

engines and vehicle components. Electronics and communications received about 13 percent. Major purchases

Industry Amount

(millions)

Percent of

total NASA

purchases

Manufacturing:

Completed space

vehicles.................................... $763 28.6

Aircraft and space

com ponents........................... 496 18.6

Communications

equipment ............................. 300 11.2

Electronic com ponents.............. 45 1.7

Computers.................................... 106 4.0

Services:

Educational services.................... 213 8.0

Miscellaneous business

services.................................... 131 4.9

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

in the services sector were made from the educational 

services industry, which includes research and development performed by private universities, and from miscellaneous business services, which includes computer 

programming and other computer services.

Space Shuttle. Total Space Shuttle costs in 1973 had to 

be derived from several sources since a comprehensive 

estimate was not available. Total expenditures were 

obtained from contract values, outside contract management costs, compensation expenditures, and administrative purchases. Purchases from the private economy were 

obtained by totaling all costs incurred in 1973 under all 

contracts with a Space Shuttle designation. Negative 

contract amounts, used to indicate a shift of contract 

funds from a definitional to a developmental program, 

were not used to offset other contract amounts, since 

this would result in an understatement of employment 

requirements. Other purchases from the private economy were estimated by prorating a part of NASA’s 

administrative and overhead purchases to the Space 

Shuttle based on the number of NASA employees 

assigned to this program. Compensation of NASA 

employees was estimated by first determining the 

number of workers assigned, and then using average 

NASA compensation per worker to determine the 

amount of total NASA compensation that should be 

attributed to Space Shuttle. The amount of Space 

Shuttle outlays going to other Federal agencies and to 

State and local institutions was obtained by simply 

totaling all contracts with these organizations. In addition, contract administration, representing payments to 

the Defense Contract Audit Agency, was added to 

outlays going to all other Federal agencies.

Outlays on Space Shuttle in 1973, on this basis, were

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estimated to amount to about $230 million, as follows:

(thousands)

T o ta l.......................................................... $230,069

Direct NASA compensation.................................... 45,726

Direct NASA purchases........................................... 178,813

Payments to other Federal agencies....................... 4,595

Payments to State and local in stitu tio n s.............. 934

For use with the employment model, these outlays 

were rearranged as follows:

(thousands)

T o ta l........................................................... $230,069

Purchases from the private sector ......................... 181,726

NASA ............................................................. 178,813

Other Federal agencies.................................. 2,647

State and local institutions ......................... 266

Compensation........................................................... 48,343

NASA employees........................................... 45,726

Other Federal employees............................. 1,948

State and local employees........................... 669

NASA purchases for Space Shuttle were distributed 

to specific industries by coding all Space Shuttle prime 

contracts and their subcontracts to an industry. Outlays 

received by other Federal and State and local organizations were again distributed to compensation and to 

specific industries based upon past purchasing patterns 

for these sectors.

Space Shuttle purchases from the private sector were 

more concentrated than in the case of total NASA.

Table 19. Space Shuttle purchases, selected

industries, fiscal year 1973

Industry Amou nt (millions)

Percent of

total Space

Shuttle purchases

Manufacturing:

Completed space

vehicles......................... $67.4 37.1

Aircraft and space

components.................. 67.4 37.1

Communications

equipm ent.................... 5.5 3.0

Electronic

components.................. 3.6 2.0

Com puters......................... 4.0 2.2

Professional and

scientific

instrum ents.................. 4.5 2.6

Services:

Educational

services ......................... 1.0 .6

Miscellaneous business

services ......................... 9.5 5.2

Nonprofit

organizations................ 3.1 1.7

Some 86 percent of these purchases were from manufacturing establishments in 1973 while about 9 percent 

were from services. Purchases were concentrated in the 

aerospace industries, which received more than threequarters of total private outlays. The space vehicle and 

aircraft industries together received about 74 percent of 

the purchases from the private sector (table 19). 

Communications equipment and electronic components 

accounted for 5 percent.

Employment requirements

NASA employment requirements were estimated on 

the same basis as the other programs reported on here. 

They were calculated through the use of an interindustry 

employment model and have the characteristic strengths 

and weaknesses of this system.

Total NASA. Total NASA outlays in 1973 generated 

requirements for about 194,000 jobs. Of these jobs,

160,000 or almost 83 percent were in the private sector, 

with nearly 34,000 or 17 percent in the public sector. Of 

the public sector employees, almost 28,000 were NASA 

employees:

Total NASA-related em ployment................ 194,280

Private sector ................................................................. 160,417

NASA purchases.................................................. 155,763

Other purchases .................................................. 4,654

Public sector.................................................................... 33,863

NASA direct employees .................................... 27,745

Other Federal employees .................................. 3,768

State and local employees.................................. 2,350

The job requirements generated by NASA in the 

private sector did not show as heavy a concentration in 

manufacturing and the aerospace industries as appeared 

in expenditures. This occurred because expenditures 

represent the initial impact on the system while employment is the result of tracing this impact through the 

more basic stages of supplying industries. Manufacturing 

accounted for about 55 percent of the employment in 

the private sector required by NASA (table 20). Various 

business and professional services accounted for about 

27 percent.

The largest employment impact occurred in the 

aircraft industry, which includes space vehicle engines 

and components. This industry accounted for 15 percent 

of all private jobs required, while completed space 

vehicles accounted for 9 percent. (See table 21.) This 

occurred in spite of the fact that initial NASA outlays 

were heavier in the completed space vehicles industry. 

However, jobs in the aircraft and components industry 

were created not only by direct purchases for space 

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Sector Number

Percent of

NASA indirect

employment

T o ta l.................................... 160,417 100.0

Agriculture ......................................... 774 .5

M in in g .................................................. 1,137 .7

C onstruction...................................... 3,163 2.0

M anufacturing.................................... 88,133 54.9

Transportation, communication, and

public utilitie s................................ 8,804 5.5

Trade.................................................... 8,554 5.3

Finance, insurance, and real

estate ............................................. 3,335 2.1

Services............................................... 43,494 27.1

Government enterprises.................... 3,024 1.9

S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

ments generated by the purchase of completed space 

vehicles. About 11 percent of total private employment 

requirements were generated in educational services, 

reflecting heavy NASA purchases of research and development services from institutions of higher learning. 

Employment requirements in machine shops were relatively high, with 2.1 percent of private employment 

requirements. This resulted from strong direct and 

indirect demand for specialized machine shop products.

Space Shuttle. The Space Shuttle program in 1973 

created requirements for more than 13,000 jobs in both 

the public and private sectors, as shown in the following 

tabulation. About 81 percent or almost 11,000 of these 

were in the private sector, and the remaining 19 

percent—about 2,400 jobs—were in the public sector. 

Some 2,250 direct NASA employees were estimated to

Table 21. Total NASA indirect employment

requirements, selected industries, fiscal year 1973

Industry Number

Percent of

NASA indirect

employment

Aircraft and space vehicle

com ponents.................................. 24,373 15.2

Educational services........................... 18,254 11.4

Completed space vehicles.................. 14,354 9.0

Miscellaneous business services .... 12,122 7.6

Communications equipm ent........... 9,015 5.6

Miscellaneous professional

services........................................... 5,300 3.3

Electronic components .................... 4,891 3.1

Machine shop products .................... 3,382 2.1

Computers........................................... 3,345 2.1

Nonprofit organizations.................... 3,191 2.0

Professional and scientific

instruments.................................... 2,960 1.9

be working on the Space Shuttle program. NASA 

employment on the Space Shuttle was estimated by 

taking the people directly allocated to the Shuttle 

project at NASA headquarters and at the Johnson, 

Kennedy, and Marshall Space Centers. In addition, a 

proportion of the administrative and clerical personnel 

in these locations was included, based upon the extent 

of Space Shuttle employment.

Total Space Shuttle-related

em ploym ent............................................. 13,117

Private sector .................................................................. 10,674

NASA purchases.................. 10,516

Other purchases .................................................. 158

Public sector.................................................................... 2,443

NASA direct employees .................................... 2,250

Other Federal employees .................................. 141

State and local employees.................................. 52

Job requirements generated by the Space Shuttle 

program were also less concentrated than indicated by 

Space Shuttle outlays. The manufacturing sector accounted for two-thirds of the private jobs generated, 

higher than the total NASA proportion. (See table 22.) 

Business and professional services accounted for about 

17 percent.

Space Shuttle employment requirements in 1973 

were more concentrated in the aerospace industries than 

was the case with total NASA. The aircraft and space 

vehicle components industry accounted for almost 26 

percent of the job impact in the private sector. (See 

table 23.) This industry, along with the completed space 

vehicles industry, accounted for 38 percent of the total 

indirect employment generated by the Space Shuttle 

program, as compared to 24 percent for all of NASA. 

However, the effect of Space Shuttle outlays on employment in education was much less than that of NASA as a

Table 22. Space Shuttle indirect employment

requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1973

Sector Number

Percent of

Space Shuttle

indirect

employment

T o ta l......................................... 10,674 100.0

Agriculture ............................................. 48 .5

M in in g...................................................... 81 .8

C onstruction........................................... 149 1.4

Manufacturing.........................................

T ransportation, communication, and

7,142 66.9

public utilitie s.................................... 500 4.7

Trade........................................................

Finance, insurance, and real

569 5.3

esta te.................................................. 206 1.9

Services.................................................... 1,802 16.9

Government enterprises......................... 177 1.7

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Industry Number

Percent of

Space Shuttle

indirect

employment

Aircraft and space vehicle

components ....................................... 2,750

1,323

898

25.8

Completed space vehicles....................... 12.4

Miscellaneous business services ........... 8.4

Machine shop products ......................... 373 3.5

Nonprofit organizations......................... 338 3.2

Communications equipment ................ 319 3.0

Electronic components ......................... 268 2.5

Professional and scientific

instruments............................... .. 250 2.3

Miscellaneous professional

services...................................... . . . . 204 2.0

Computers............................................... 127 1.2

Educational services................................ 110 1.0

S O U R C E : Bureau of Labor Statistics.

whole. Total NASA job requirements in education 

amounted to over 11 percent of indirect requirements 

while Space Shuttle requirements in this industry were 

only 1 percent. This reflects the fact that much of Space 

Shuttle development work occurred in industrial facilities rather than in university research centers.

Occupational patterns

Total NASA direct employment. NASA employed 

27,745 Federal workers in 1973, on the average. About 

two-thirds of these employees were professional and 

technical workers. (See table 24.) More than 10,000 

were engineers, principally aero-astronautical and electrical. Some 4,000, or almost 15 percent, were nonmedical 

technicians. Clerical workers were the second largest 

occupational group, with almost 4,000 employees or 

about 14 percent in this classification.

Total NASA indirect employment. NASA’s purchases 

from the private economy generated requirements for 

some 160,400 employees in various occupational groups. 

Professional and technical workers were the largest 

occupational group, accounting for almost 24 percent of 

the total. In this group, engineers represented the largest 

occupation, with about 9 percent of all indirect employment generated by NASA, or about 14,000 workers. 

About one-third of these were aero-astronautical engineers. Transportation and other equipment operatives 

were the next largest occupational group, accounting for 

almost 22 percent of indirect employment requirements. 

Clerical workers, the third largest group, made up about 

one-fifth of indirect employment.

Space Shuttle direct employment. About 2,250 NASA 

employees were assigned to the Space Shuttle program 

in 1973. About 83 percent of these workers were 

classified as professional or technical (table 25). About 

1,300, or some 58 percent, were engineers. About half 

of these were aero-astronautical engineers. Clerical 

workers and managers largely accounted for the remaining 17 percent.

Space Shuttle indirect employment. Space Shuttle purchases from the private economy in 1973 were estimated 

to have generated almost 11,000 jobs. The occupational 

pattern of these jobs is similar to that for total NASA 

outlays, with a somewhat higher proportion of operatives and craft workers and a slightly lower share of 

professional and technical and clerical workers. Operatives, principally metalworkers and assemblers, accounted for about one-quarter of Space Shuttle employment requirements. Professional and technical workers 

accounted for one-fifth, with engineers representing 

about 7 percent of total indirect employment requirements.

Table 24. Total NASA employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1973

Occupation Total employment Direct employment Indirect employment

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total ............................................................... 188,145 100.0 27,745 100.0 160,400 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred workers.............. 56,761 30.2 18,696 67.4 38,065 23.7

Managers, officials, and proprietors............................. 15,483 8.2 3,238 11.7 12,245 7.6

Clerical workers ............................................................. 34,783 18.5 3,840 13.8 30,943 19.3

Sales workers ................................................................. 3,973 2.1 6 — 3,967 2.5

Craft and kindred workers ........................................... 26,269 14.0 1,535 5.5 24,734 15.4

Operatives........................................................................ 35,093 18.7 315 1.1 34,778 21.7

Service workers............................................................... 10,368 5.5 40 .1 10,328 6.4

Laborers.......................................................................... 4,803 2.6 75 .3 4,728 3.0

Farmers and farm workers ........................................... 619 .3 — — 619 .4

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Occupation Total employment Direct employment Indirect employment

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total ............................................................... 12,924 100.0 2,250 100.0 10,674 100.0

Professional, technical, and kindred workers.............. 3,962 30.7 1,861 82.7 2,101 19.7

Managers, officials, and proprietors............................. 997 7.7 176 7.8 821 7.7

Clerical workers ............................................................. 2,205 17.1 209 9.8 1,996 18.7

Sales workers .................................................................. 265 2.0 — — 265 2.5

Craft and kindred workers ........................................... 1,888 14.6 — — 1,888 17.7

Operatives........................................................................ 2,643 20.4 3 .1 2,640 24.7

Service w orkers............................................................... 599 4.6 — — 599 5.6

Laborers........................................................................... 327 2.5 1 — 326 3.0

Farmers and farm workers ........................................... 38 .3 — — 38 .4

N O T E : Item s m ay not add to totals because of rounding. S O U R C E : Bureau o f Labor Statistics.

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Appendix A. Technical Notes

This appendix describes in fuller detail the interindustry employment model, the national industry 

occupational matrix, and the procedures used to develop 

the employment and occupational requirements estimates for the five studies. It is designed to supplement 

the brief descriptions of method and limitations provided in the introduction.

Interindustry employment model

The 1970 employment table was constructed from a 

1970 interindustry model of 134 industry sectors. Each 

sector represents a group of industries classified by 

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes as shown 

in table A-l. An interindustry model, in its most basic 

form, distributes the transaction value of the sales that 

each industry sector makes to itself, to each of the other 

industry sectors, and to final purchasers.

In an interindustry model, intermediate goods are 

sold to other industries where further fabrication occurs 

before a finished good is produced. Finished products 

are sold to the final demand or product sectors of the 

national income accounts—personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, net exports of goods and services, Federal Government purchases, and State and local government purchases. 

Intermediate sales provide the basic structure of an 

interindustry model while final sales, or final demand, 

represent the usual input to a model of this type.

Each of the 134 rows in the interindustry model 

shows the sales made by an industry to itself, to other 

industries, and to the final demand sectors. Each of the 

134 columns shows an industry’s purchases from each 

industry, including itself, which were required to produce its own output. The sum of all purchases in a 

column plus that industry’s value added1 is equal to the 

total value of production for that industry. When the 

purchases in a column are divided individually by the 

total production of that industry, they form ratios that

lrThe value added of a sector includes compensation of

employees, depreciation, profits, and other payments to the

factors of production.

define the amount of input required from each industry 

in order to produce a unit of output (usually stated in 

dollar terms) of the purchasing industry. For example, 

these ratios, or coefficients, would show how much the 

automobile industry would have to buy from such 

industries as rubber, textiles, steel, aluminum, advertising, business services, plastics, transportation, and 

trade in order to produce a unit value of output.

These purchases represent the requirements from the 

immediate or first tier of supplying industries. Each of 

these supplying industries would also require inputs in 

order to manufacture its product. The steel industry 

would need coal and iron ore to make steel. The coal 

and iron ore industries, in turn, would need fuel and 

other products and services to produce their outputs. 

Each final purchase would require a chain of purchases 

back through the more basic supplying industries. An 

interindustry model provides a way of solving simultaneously all of the interrelated requirements created in 

the economy by purchases of the various final demand 

sectors or programs.

The elements of this model can be transformed from 

production requirements to employment requirements 

by applying employment-output ratios to each industry’s total output. The interindustry employment table 

which results from this process shows the total employment attributable to deliveries to final demand. Total 

employment generated by a given type of final demand 

using an interindustry model consists of the employment 

in the industry producing the final product or service, as 

well as the employment in all the supporting industries.

It should be noted that the interindustry employment 

table reflects 1970 industry technology and productivity 

and is expressed in 1963 prices. Also, the transactions in 

1963 dollars are in terms of producers’ values and not 

purchasers’ values. Producers’ values are purchasers’ 

values minus trade and transportation costs—put another 

way, producers’ values are values stated at the site of 

production. The trade margins and transportation costs 

associated with all of these transactions appear as direct 

purchases from the trade and transportation industries. 

Use of this table, therefore, requires the conversion of 

purchases to 1963 producers’ prices.

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Using the employment table for manpower requirements

studies

After initial research indicates the feasibility of a 

manpower requirements study, the first step toward 

using the employment table is to separate program 

expenditures into direct Federal purchases of goods and 

services, grants, transfers, and subsidy outlays. These 

amounts are then allocated to the appropriate purchasing sectors. For example, grants represent purchases 

of goods and services by State and local governments, 

whereas transfers are considered personal consumption 

expenditures, and so on. This grouping of program 

expenditures by purchasing sector provides the totals for 

the separate bills of goods or lists of purchases required 

in order to use the employment model. Each total must 

then be broken down into the purchases made from each 

of the 134 industry sectors of the model. These sectors 

consist of industry groupings defined by SIC codes. 

These aggregate and functional expenditures have to be 

broken down into the actual purchases made, a step 

which requires familiarity with the program and its 

reporting procedures.

Detail on program purchases usually appears as 

obligations rather than expenditures. In some cases, 

obligated amounts will equal or approximate actual 

expenditures in a given period. This is usually the case 

for employee compensation and other administrative 

overhead costs. However, where long-leadtime purchases 

are involved, such as construction, research and development, or the production of ships and weapon systems, 

obligated funds may not be completely spent for several 

years. Expenditures in a given year will include funds 

that were obligated in several previous years. These 

amounts must be summed to arrive at expenditures for a 

given year.

The list of purchases, or bill of goods, for each 

purchasing sector is adjusted to 1963 prices before it can 

be used with the employment table. In addition, the 

amount of trade and transportation costs included in the 

purchases from each industry must be determined and 

subtracted from these purchases. Individual trade and 

transportation costs are totaled and added to the total 

purchases from the trade and transportation sectors. The 

direct purchases from each industry and the trade and 

transportation costs associated with each product purchased comprise the total bill of goods for a program.

Use of these bills of goods with the 1970 employment table involves multiplying the table, considered as 

a matrix, by each of the bills of goods, considered as 

column vectors. Since each column provides the employment required for each billion dollars of purchases, this 

calculation would yield the employment generated by

each program. The amount of employment generated 

within the same industry as the producing industry in 

each row is considered the first tier or primary employment requirements, while the employment totals of the 

other industries in each row constitute the second tier, 

or secondary employment requirements.

National industry-occupational matrix

The employment generated in each industry is disaggregated into occupations using the national industryoccupational employment matrix. This matrix is a table 

which presents for total U.S. employment the percent 

distribution of 422 detailed occupations in each of 201 

industries. By applying an industry’s occupational pattern to total employment in that industry, estimates are 

developed of the industry’s employment by occupation. 

To arrive at total national requirements for each 

occupation, the estimates for all the industries are 

summed across each row in the table or matrix.

Currently, industry-occupational matrices are available for 1970, 1980, and 1985.2 The 1970 matrix is 

based primarily on data from the 1970 Census of 

Population, supplemented by data from other sources. 

These supplemental data include annual averages from 

the Current Population Survey (CPS) and:

• Em ploym ent estimates for teachers and librarians

based on data collected by the Office of Education;

• Occupational em ploym ent data collected by regulatory agencies for regulated sectors such as

railroads, airlines, and telephone and telegraph

comm unications;

• Em ploym ent data collected by professional

societies, especially for medical and health occupations;

• Federal Civil Service Commission statistics on

em ploym ent by occupation in Federal Government agencies;

• Occupational em ploym ent inform ation compiled

by the Postal Service on its em ployees.

The 1980 and 1985 matrices were projected using 

currently available data and independently projected 

estimates for total national employment, employment in 

occupational groups and selected occupations, and total 

employment by industry.3

2 Matrices based on the classification of occupations in the

1960 Census of Population are available for 1960, 1967, 1970,

and 1980, but these are not comparable to the ones used in this

study because they only show the distribution of 160 occupations in 116 industries.

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The 1970 matrix was used to prepare 1972 occupational employment estimates since each industry’s occupational structure changes slowly and is relatively stable 

over the shortrun.

A number of adjustments had to be made to the 

occupational matrix in order to use it in conjunction 

with the interindustry model system for the studies 

presented in this report, since the industry classifications 

differ in the two systems. The restructuring of industries 

in the occupational matrix (201 industries) to conform 

to the industries in the interindustry model (134 

industries) was accomplished by comparing the industries in terms of codes and making necessary adjustments. While many of the industries in both models 

matched exactly by SIC code, there were various 

differences that had to be reconciled.

In some areas, there was greater industry detail in the 

occupational matrix than in the interindustry model. In 

these cases, the matrix industries were aggregated. Where 

the industry-occupational matrix industries were less

3For a discussion of the methodology used to project

occupational matrices see Tomorrow’s Manpower Needs,

Volume IV, Revised, Bulletin 1737 (Bureau of Labor Statistics,

1971).

detailed than those in the interindustry model, the 

employment of the matrix industry was distributed 

according to the proportion of its SIC content. Thus, if a 

matrix industry was composed of two SIC industries, the 

total employment of each SIC industry as found in 

Employment and Earnings was added together, then 

divided by the total to calculate a percent distribution 

for the matrix industry in terms of its SIC content. This 

distribution was used to adjust each cell of the matrix 

industry, and these adjusted cells were used to form the 

inter-industry model sector or were added to corresponding adjusted cells from other matrix industries to 

form the input-output sector. For example, if a SIC 

industry was found to represent 30 percent of the total 

employment of a matrix industry, each cell of the 

matrix industry was multiplied by 30 percent to form 

the corresponding cell for the inter-industry model 

sector or was added to similarly adjusted cells from 

other matrix industries to form the interindustry model 

sector’s cell. These operations were performed on private 

wage and salary, self-employed, and unpaid family 

worker occupational cells for each industry. Government 

workers were placed in three input-output sectors based 

on independent information.

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Sector number and name

1963

input-output

number

SIC code1 Sector number and name

1963

input-output

number

SIC code1

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries: Manufacturing--Continued

1 Livestock and livestock 23 Miscellaneous textiles and

products......................... 1.01-1.03 01 floor coverings.............. 17.01-17.10 227 and 229

2 Crops and other agri- 24 Hosiery and knit goods . .. 18.01-18.03 225

cultural products......... 2.01-2.07 01 25 A pparel................................ 18.04 23 (except 239),

3 Forestry and f isheries .... 3 074, 08, and 091 3992

4 Agriculture, forestry, and 26 Miscellaneous fabricated

fishery services.............. 4 071,0723, pt. 0729, textile prod ucts........... 19.01-19.03 239

073,085,and 098 27 Logging, sawmills, and

planing m ills.................. 20.01-20.04 241 and 242 Mining: 28 Millwork, plywood, and 5 Iron ore m ining.................. 5 101,106 other wood 6 Copper ore mining ........... 6.01 102 prnrli irts 20.05-20.09 243,244,and 7 Other nonferrous metal ore and 21 249* mining ........................... 6.02 103-109, except 29 Household fu rn itu re......... 22.01-22.04 251 106 30 Other fu rn itu re.................. 23.01 -23.07 25 except 251 8 Coal m ining......................... 7 11, 12 31 Paner nrnHnrt*: 24.01-24.07 26 except 265 9 Crude petroleum........... 8 1311,1321,138 32 Papprhnarri 25 265 10 Stone and clay mining and 33 Publishing........................... 26.01-26.04 271,272, 273, quarrying...................... 9 141-145, 148, and 274 and 149 34 P rinting................................ 26.05-26.08 275,276, 277, 11 Chemical and fertilizer 278, and 279 m in in g ........................... 10 147 35 nhpmiral nrnrliipt*; 27 01 and 281 (except 28195),

Construction: 27.04 286, and 289

12 New residential 36 Agricultural chemicals .... 27.02-27.03 287

13

buildings.........................

New nonresidential

11.01 )

37 Plastic materials and

synthetic rubber........... 28.01-28.02 2821,2822

buildings ....................... 11.02 / 38 Synthetic fibers.................. 28.03-28.04 2823,2824

14 New public u tilitie s........... 11.03 1 39 Drugs .................................. 29.01 283

15 New streets and >15 16 and 17 40 Cleaning and toilet

hinhiA/av/c 11.04 / 1 \Jf IUr OIIU 1 / preparations.................. 29.02-29.03 284

16

iiiyiivvciyo .................. .. •

All other new ( 41 P a in t.................................... 30 285

r'onctn i i n n 11.05 1 42 Petroleum products........... 31.01-31.03 29

17

UUIIallUl/UUII........... ..

Maintenance and )

43 Rubber products................ 32.01 -32.03 30 except 307

12.01-12.02 / 44 Plastic products.................. 32.04 307

P 45 Leather, footwear, and

Manufacturing: leather products........... 33,34.01, 31

18 Guided missiles and space and 34.03

vehicles ........................ 13.01 1925 46 Glass.................................... 35.01-35.02 321,322,and 323

19 Other ordnance.................. 13.02-13.07 19 except 1925 47 Cement, clay, and concrete

20 Food products .................. 14.01 -14.32 20 products......................... 36.01-36.05 324,325,and

21 Tobacco manufacturing .. 15.01-15.02 21 and 36.10- 327

22 Fabric, yarn, and thread 36.14

m ills............................... 16.01 -16.04 221,222, 223,224,

226, and 228

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Sector number and name

1963

input-output

number

SIC code1 Sector number and name

1963

input-output

number

SIC code1

Manufacturing--Continued Manufacturing--Continued

48 Miscellaneous stone and 69 General industrial

H a y products 36 06-36.09 326 328 and machinery .................... 49.01 -49.07 356

and 36.15- 329 70 Machine shop

36.22 products.................... 50 359

49 Blast furnaces and basic 71 Computers and peripheral

steel p r o d u c t s ............... 37.01 331 equipm ent.................... 51.01 3573,3574

50 Iron and steel foundries 72 Typewriters and other

and forgings.................. 37.02-37.04 332, 3391, and 3399 office m achines........... 51.02-51.04 357, except 3573

51 Primary copper metals . .. 38.01 3331 and 3574

52 Primary aluminum ........... 38.04 3334 and 28195 73 Service industry

53 Other primary and secon- machines ....................... 52.01-52.05 358

dary nonferrous 74 Electric transmission

metal products.............. 38.02-38.03 3332,3333,3339, e q u ip m e n t ................... 53.01-53.03 361

and 38.05- and 334 75 Electrical industrial

38.06 apparatus....................... 53.04-53.08 362

54 Copper rolling and 76 Household appliances 54.01-54.07 363

drawing ......................... 38.07 3351 77 Electric lighting and

55 Aluminum rolling and w iring............................. 55.01-55.03 364

drawing ......................... 38.08 3352 78 Radio and television

56 Other nonferrous rolling sets.................................. 56.01-56.02 365

and draw ing.................. 38.09-38.10 3356 and 3357 79 Telephone and telegraph

57 Miscellaneous nonferrous apparatus....................... 56.03 3661

metal products.............. 38.11-38.14 336 and 3392 80 Other electronic communi58 Metal containers................ 39.01-39.02 341 and 3491 cation equipment . . 56.04 3662

59 Heating apparatus and 81 Electronic components . . . 57.01-57.03 367

plumbing fixtu re s......... 40.01 -40.03 343 82 Other electrical

60 Fabricated structural machinery .................... 58.01-58.05 369

metal ......................... 40.04-40.09 344 83 Motor vehicles.................... 59.01 -59.03 371

61 Screw machine products . . 41.01-41.02 345 and 346 84 A irc ra ft................................ 60.01-60.04 372

62 Other fabricated metal 85 Ship and boat building and

n r n r li irtc 42.01-42.11 342, 347, 348, and re p a ir............................. 61.01-61.02 373

349 except 3491 86 Railroad and other trans63 Engines, turbines, and portation equipn e n p r a tn r ? 43.01-43.02 351 ment ............................. 61.03-61.05 374 and 375

64 Farm m achinery................ 44 352 87 Miscellaneous transporta65 Construction, mining, and tion equipment.............. 61.06-61.07 379

oil field 88 Scientific and controlling

m achinery ................... 45.01 -45.03 3531,3532, and 3533 instruments .................. 62.01 -62.03 381,382,and

66 Material handling equip­ and 62.07 387

ment .............................. 46.01 -46.04 3534,3535,3536, 89 Medical and dental instruand 3537 ments .............................. 62.04-62.06 384

67 Metalworking 90 Optical and ophthalmic

machinery ..................... 47.01-47.04 354 equipm ent.................... 63.01-63.02 383 and 385

68 Special industry 91 Photographic equipment

machinery ..................... 48.01-48.06 355 and supplies.................. 63.03 386

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Sector number and name

1963

input-output

number

SIC code1 Sector number and name

1963

input-output

number

SIC code1

Manufacturing—Continued Services—Conti nued

92 Miscellaneous manufac- 114 Miscellaneous professional

tured p r o d u c t s ............. 64.01-64.12 39 (except 3992) services ........................... 73.03 and 74 81 and 89 except

892, nonprofit Transportation, communication, and public research utilities: 115 Automobile repair.............. 75 75 93 Railroad transportation . . . 65.01 40 and 474 116 Motion pictures.................. 76.01 78 94 Local transit and intercity 117 Other amusements ............ 76.02 79 b u s .................................. 65.02 41 118 Health services except 95 Truck transportation......... 65.03 42 and 473 hncnitalc 77.01 and 80 (except 806), 96 Water transportation......... 65.04 44 77.03 0722 97 Air transportation............. 65.05 45 119 Hncnitak 77.02 806 98 Other transportation......... 65.06-65.07 46, 47 (except 120 F rli ir*a+ir»r»a 1 cor\/iroQ 77.04 82 473 and 474) 121 Nonprofit organizations . . 77.05 84, 86, and 892 99 Communications, except

radio and T V ................ 66 48 except 483 Government enterprises:

100 Radio and TV broad- 122 Post O ffic e......................... 78.01 (2)

castin g........................... 67 483 123 Commodity Credit

101 Electric utilities .... 68.01 491 and part 493 C orporation.................. 78.03 (2)

102 Gas u tilitie s ......................... 68.02 492 and part 493 124 Other Federal

103 Water and sanitary enterprises..................... 78.02 and (2)

services........................... 68.03 494,495, 496,497, 78.04

and part 493 125 State and local government

enterprises..................... 79.01-79.03 (2) Wholesale and retail trade: Imports:

104 Wholesale trade.................. 69.01 50 126 Directly allocated im105 Retail tra d e ......................... 69.02 52, 53, 54,55,56, ports .............................. 80.01 (2)

5 7 ,5 8 ,and 59 127 Transferred imports ......... 80.02 (2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate: Dummy industries:

106 Finance............................... 70.01 -70.03 60, 6 1 ,6 2 ,and 67 128 Business travel, entertain107 Insurance ........................... 70.04-70.05 63 and 64 ment, and g ifts .............. 81 (2)

108 Owner-occupied 129 Office supplies .................. 82 (2)

dw ellings...................... 70.01 (2) 130 Scrap, used and second109 Other real estate .... 71.02 65 a nd 66 hand aoods .................... 83 (2)

Services: Special industries:

110 Hotels and lodging 131 Government industry 84 (2)

places............................. 72.01 70 132 Rest of the world

111 Other personal services . . . 72.02-72.03 72 and 76 indu stry......................... 85 (2)

112 Miscellaneous business 133 Households......................... 86 (2)

services........................... 73.01 73 except 731 134 Inventory valuation

113 A dvertising......................... 73.02 731 adjustm ent.................... 87 (2)

1Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1967 edition, Bureau of the Budget (now O ffice of M anagem ent and Budget).

2 N o com parable industry.

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Appendix B. Detailed Tables

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Table B-1. Expenditures for goods and services by program and industry

(Thousands of dollars)

PRODUCING INDUSTRY

VETERANS

ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTES 

OF HEALTH2 '

MDTA INSTITU TION AL 

TRAINING3

NATIONAL 1 

AND £ 

ADMINIS

lERONAUTICS 

SPACE 

TRATION4 '

HEALTH

CARE1 TOTAL

EXTRAMURAL

PROGRAM

DIRECT

OPERATIONS TOTAL

PROGRAM

PURCHASES ALLOWANCES

TOTAL

PROGRAM

SPACE

SHUTTLE

TOTAL........................................................................ $ 7 3 1 ,0 1 8 $3 9 6 ,3 2 6 $331,190 $ 65,136 $1 2 2 ,7 9 6 $ 2 7 ,3 3 7 $ 9 5 ,4 5 9 $ 2 ,6 6 9 ,0 2 8 $ 1 8 1 ,7 2 5

LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.......................

- 9 ,9 9 6 9,9 9 * - 6 30 3 627 50 2

CROPS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS_____ - 1 2 8 527 - 549 7 542 71 2

FORESTRY AND F I S H E R I E S ....................................................

AGRICULTURE, FO RESTRY, AND FISHERY

“ 131 , 131 “ 102 102 25 1

S E R V IC E S ................................................................................. 2,101 3 2 ,0 9 8 - - 41 2

IRON ORE MINING........................................................................

_ 2 ,101 3 2 ,0 9 8 - - _ 41 2

COPPER ORE MINI NG ................................................................... - - - - - - - - -

OTHER NONFERROUS METAL OPE MINING..................... - - - - - - - 61 2

COAL MINING.................................................................................... - 4 4 - 4 4 - 908 12

CRUDE PETROLEUM........................................................................ 24 24 - - - - ~

STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING...............

- 1 1 5 7 108 - - - 61 2

CHEMICAL AND FERTTL IZER MINING.............................

- - - - - - - - -

NEW RESIDENT IAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION_____ - - - - - - - - -

NEW NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. 8 2 ,6 6 2 457 430 27 - - - 2 9 ,1 6 4 734

NEW PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S CONSTRUCTION.................... ~ “ _ 290 89

NEW HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION..............................................

- 2 2 9 - 229 - - - 1 ,7 0 0 49

ALL OTHER NEW CONSTRUCTION.........................................

- - - - - - - 3 8 ,1 1 0 684

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION............... 4 7,901 11,712 8 ,5 0 0 3 ,2 1 2 268 268 - 2 1 ,8 5 4 2 ,0 3 6

GUIDED M IS SIL ES AND SPACE V E H I C IE S..................

- - - - - - - 7 6 3 ,1 3 7 6 7 ,4 0 0

OTHER ORDNANCE........................................................................... - 1 “ 1 “ ~ 1 ,9 1 4 3

FOOD PRODUCTS..............................................................................

TOBACCO MANUFACTURING.......................................................

4 5 ,6 4 0 2 3 ,5 8 3

1,0 4 9

21,282

1,0 4 9

2 ,3 0 1 16 ,0 0 7

1,4 0 3

423 15,5 8 4

1 ,4 0 3

2 ,9 1 7 104

F A B R IC ,Y A R N , AND THREAD M IL L S................................

MISCELLANEOUS TE X TI LE S AND

2,116 162 155 “ 159 56 103 185 1

FLOOR COVERINGS........................................................... 1 ,076 22 22 - 54 54 - 59 4

HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS.................................................... - 25 2 5 “ 4 4 “

APPAREL...............................................................................................

MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE

1,362 4 ,2 2 0 3 ,3 7 5 845 4 ,7 8 4 332 4 ,4 5 2 453 16

PRODUCTS................................................................................ 9 ,441 320 148 172 294 85 209 133 6

LOGGING, SAWMILLS, AND PLANING M IL L S............

MTLIWOPI,. PLYWOOD, AND OTHER

“ 187 21 166 ~ 10

"

WOOD PRODUCTS................................................................... 128 1,2 6 0 1,156 104 157 157 - 482 34

HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE............................................................. 96 288 268 20 377 22 355 169 6

OTHER FUR NITURE........................................................................ 1,202 1 ,283 997 286 427 427 - 1 ,387 59

PAPER PRODUCTS........................................................................... 9,528 2 ,5 3 2 1 ,710 822 904 724 180 1 ,9 4 2 38

PAPERBOARD....................................................................................... 2,999 96 86 10 28 2 8 - 122 3

P U BLI SH IN G....................................................................................... 2,141 4 ,3 5 8 3,4 6 3 895 1,6 7 3 1 , 6 7 3 - 1 ,2 5 4 32

P R I N T I N G ............................................................................................. 1,809 6 ,6 3 4 4 ,0 2 5 2,6 0 9 873 873 - 6 ,0 4 2 250

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS................................................................... 372 3 2 ,0 7 4 2 8,475 3 ,5 9 9 443 443 - 1 5 ,9 3 5 1 ,6 6 3

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS..................................................... - 25 7 18 11 11 - 177 6

P L A S T IC MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC R U B B E R . . . - 9 2 25 67 - - - 912 840

SYNTHETIC F I B E R S ...................................................................... - - - - - - - - -

DRUGS..................................................................................................... 8 4 ,7 5 2 14,859 11,977 2 ,8 8 2 899 19 880 772 28

CLEANING AND TOILET PR EPA RATIONS ........................ 3 ,030 2 ,8 8 5 2 ,7 0 0 185 2 ,5 6 2 376 2 ,1 8 6 70H 22

P A I N T ..................................................................................................... - 154 15 139 110 110 - 158 9

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS................................................................ 5,529 3 ,6 8 7 2 ,0 5 7 1,6 3 0 2 ,6 1 0 775 1 ,8 3 5 1 4 ,9 9 6 166

RUBBER PRODUCTS......................................................................... 1,581 364 319 45 408 63 345 322 4 7

PL A S T IC PRODUCTS...................................................................... 2,500 2 ,6 7 8 2 ,5 5 6 122 196 63 133 606 451

LEATHER, FOOTWEAR, AND LEATHER PR O D U C T S.. _ 459 459 - 644 33 611 12 1

G LA SS..................................................................................................... 24 1 2 ,3 9 0 11,452 938 113 3 8 7 5 487 7 3

CEMENT, C LA Y, AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS............... - 11 1 17 94 51 51 - 381 119

MISCELLANEOUS STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS-------- 1 ,610 239 150 89 91 91 - 39U 20

BLAST FURNACES AND BA SIC STEEL PR OD UC TS .. “ 132 43 89 305 305 - 1 ,4 1 7 1 ,257

IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES > AND F O R G I N G S . . . - 27 3 2U 58 58 - 1 ,2 9 9 222

PRIMARY COPPER M E T A L S . . . . ........................................... - - - - - - - 2 2 9 8

PRIMARY ALUMINUM......................................................................

OTHER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY NONFERROUS

~ “

" "

“

“ "

8 0 4 0

METAL PRODUCTS................................................................ - - - - - - - 1 ,7 6 4 121

COPPER ROLLING AND DRAWING......................................... - 12 1 11 75 7 5 - 7 9 2

ALUMINUM ROLLING AND DRAWING................................... 67 1 0 7 104 3 24 2 4 - 64 16

OTHER NONFERROUS ROLLING AND DRAWING............ - 6 3 45 18 119 119 - 1 ,6 6 7 42

MISCELLANEOUS NONFERROUS METAL P ROD UC TS .. - 37 30 7 46 46 - 1 ,3 3 8 1 ,1 4 8

METAL CONT AINER S...................................................................... - 27 3 24 39 ; 39 - - -

HEATING APPARATUS AND PLUMBING F I X T U R E S . . " 121 59 62 3 9 39 - 486 27

FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL......................................

_ 3 5 6 15 741 7 8 7 8 - 2 ,8 9 5 244

SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS..................................................... - 77 41 3 6 58 58 - 322 153

OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS........................... 831 3 ,3 2 0 2 ,8 0 0 S20 862 862 - 2 ,1 0 5 674

ENGINES, TUR BIN ES, AND GENERATORS..................... - 2 *• j

41 41 - 969 32

FARM M A C H I N E R Y . . . . . ............................................................. 73 5 2 37 | 15 9 9 * I 46 1

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(Thousands of dollars)

PRODUCING INDUSTRY

VETERANS

ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTES 

OF HEALTH2

MDTA INSTITU TION AL 

TRAINING3

NATIONAL A 

AND S 

ADMINIS

lERONAUTICS

: PACE

ITP.ATION4

HEALTH

CARE1 TOTAL

EXTRAMURAL

PROGRAM

DIRECT

OPERATIONS TOTAL

PROGRAM

PURCHASES ALLOWANCES

TOTAL

PROGRAM

SPACE

SHUTTLE

CONSTRUCTION, MINING, AND O IL FIELD

MACHINERY.............................................................................. 129 129 7 7 4 2 1

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT...................................... 801 3 1 7 17 300 41 41 - 4 37 22

METALWORKING MACHINERY............................................... 99 345 242 103 411 411 - 577 288

SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY......................................... 56 6 83 34 49 159 159 - 2 ,4 5 6 18

GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY................................... 199 2 3 5 80 155 166 166 " 2 ,7 8 7 674

MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS.......................................................

- 4 2 5 3 98 27 118 118 _ 4 ,241 609

COMPUTERS AND PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT.................. 1 ,393 12,8 1 4 11,491 1 ,3 2 3 56 56 - 10 6 ,1 2 5 3, 963

TYPEWRITERS AND OTHER OFFI CE M A C H I N E S . . . . 4,4 8 7 995 618 377 647 647 - 1,561 24

SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES............................................ 2 ,900 723 301 422 237 237 - 417 19

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT........................... 2 ,135 2 ,6 5 3 2,321 332 205 205 - 3 6 ,9 9 9 300

ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS................................ 2 3 4 984 8 7 3 111 386 386 - 3 ,2 3 6 123

HOUSEHOLD APPLTANCES.......................................................... 396 1 ,1 1 9 1,057 62 1,017 44 973 228 14

ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING................................... 164 2 4 0 150 90 156 156 - 874 4 8

RADIO AND TEL EVIS IO N S E T S ........................................... 5 ,844 1 ,7 3 3 1 , 6 9 5 38 982 2 82 700 629 22

TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH APPARATUS..................... 63 505 482 23 “ - - 2 ,2 4 9 1"7

OTHER ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. 4,1 0 9 3 ,9 2 4 3,266 658 37 37 _ 2 9 9 ,7 4 9 5 ,4 7 7

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS....................................................... 24 3 ,4 9 2 3 ,232 260 199 199 - 44 ,697 3 , 5 8 5

OTHER ELECTRICAL MACHINERY......................................... 2 5 ,1 7 7 3 ,2 7 7 2,822 455 131 59 72 2 ,9 1 0 5

MOTOR VEH IC LE S........................................................................... «i94 1,5 7 2 1,374 198 2 ,0 7 2 390 1 ,6 8 2 9 ,8 6 4 80

AIR C R A FT ............................................................................................. - - - - - 4 9 5 ,6 5 6 6 1 ,4 3 9

SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND R E P A I R ....................

_ - - _ - - _ 1 ,040 14

RAILROAD AND OTHER

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT................................

_ 1_ 1_ _ _ _ _

MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 774 14 - 14 3 3 - U 7 2

S C IE N T IF I C AND CONTROLLING IN S T R U M E N T S .. . 2 4 ,7 5 4 3 0 ,8 9 4 26,426 4 ,4 6 8 187 187 - 5 3 ,6 5 9 4, 540

MEDICAL AND DENTAL INSTRUMENTS............................. 6 5 ,1 8 9 9 ,2 9 2 7 ,4 7 9 1 ,8 1 3 162 162 - 8 ,4 6 5 13

OPTICAL AND OPHTHALMIC EQUIPMENT....................... 7 ,108 1 1,555 8 ,9 4 3 2 ,6 1 2 89 89 - 2 6 ,7 1 0 32

PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND S U P P L I E S ............... 1 4,701 9 ,1 5 8 7 ,4 8 5 1 ,6 7 3 332 332 - 8 ,1 0 8 111

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS............... 7 9 7 477 336 141 685 475 210 832 135

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION................................................. 77 1 ,4 2 5 1,397 28 2,7 5 0 179 2 ,5 7 1 2 ,7 8 0 103

LOCAL TR ANS IT AND IN T E R C IT Y BU S.......................... 2 1 ,2 7 3 2 ,2 8 5 1,813 472 7 ,6 0 4 404 7 ,2 0 0 2 ,4 9 7 140

TRUCK TRA NSPORTATION.......................................................... 3,267 1,5 5 9 882 677 804 19*7 607 4 ,4 5 4 190

WATER TRA NSPORTATION.......................................................... - 3 9 6 396 - 861 46 815 454 8

AIR TRANSPORTATION................................................................ 2,921 7 ,5 9 8 4 ,9 5 6 2 ,6 4 2 163 159 4 2 6 ,2 3 7 785

OTHER TRANSPORTATION.......................................................... - 2 2 - 5 5 - 72 1

COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT RADIO AND T V .................. 1 1,282 4 ,8 4 7 2,431 2 ,4 1 6 2 ,8 9 7 803 2 ,0 9 4 4 7 ,1 4 5 1 ,1 9 0

RADIO AND TV BROADCASTING............................................ _ 8 8 _ 15 15 - 1 ,0 8 0 1

ELECTRIC U T I L I T I E S ................................................................ 1 4,232 3 ,1 5 8 1,7 7 8 1 , 3 8 0 3,2 9 0 1 ,022 2 ,2 6 8 2 0 ,4 1 8 1 ,3 7 4

GAS U T I L I T I E S .............................................................................. 6 ,573 1 ,1 2 8 1,123 5 897 731 166 7 ,7 2 3 245

WATER AND SANITARY S E R V IC E S ...................................... 5 ,130 889 491 398 857 372 485 3 ,4 4 0 155

WHOLESALE TRADE........................................................................ - 4 ,141 4 ,0 9 5 46 1,3 2 6 2 ,1 1 0 1 1,159 2 ,901 97

R E TA IL TRADE................................................................................. 734 1 5,310 13,024 13,808 15,4 6 8 158 158 2 ,661 200

FINANCE....... .............................................................. ......................... - - - - - - - 2 5 8 10

I N S U R A N C E . . * , * . . ' . ......................................................................... 50 1 ,8 6 0 1 , 7 4 2 118 2 ,1 5 8 364 1,7 9 4 402 11

OWNER-OCCUPIED DWELLINGS.............................................. - 2 ,0 9 8 2 ,0 9 8 - 3 ,8 5 7 - 3 ,8 5 7 - -

OTHER REAL ESTATE ................................................................... 1,475 1 0,339 10,124 215 12 ,0 9 6 1,9 9 4 10,1 0 2 2,1 5 1 7 4

HOTELS AND; LODGING PL A C E S ............................................ 907 2,7 6 5 1,873 892 291 48 243 3 ,9 8 7 248

OTHER PERSONAL SERVIC ES................................................. 7 ,8 1 4 2 ,3 1 5 2 ,2 5 5 60 2 ,9 0 7 100 2 ,8 0 7 9 ,5 8 3 259

MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SERVICES.......................... 9 ,175 2 6 ,9 6 8 2 3,152 3 ,8 1 6 2 ,024 2 ,0 2 4 - 131,392 9 ,5 3 9

ADVERTISING......... .......................................................................... A 3 4 13 21 3 3 - 8 -

MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES............... 1 8 ,6 9 8 2 ,0 8 2 1 , 9 2 9 153 187 187 5 0 ,3 9 0 100

AUTOMOBILE R E P A I R ................................................................... 3,067 848 797 51 231 148 8 3 6 ,5 4 9 3 0

MOTION PICTURES........................................................................ 2 0 3 304 298 6 399 255 144 4 ,5 1 3 18

OTHER AMUSEMENTS..................................................................... - 1 9 7 197 - 271 21 250 12 -

HEALTH SERVICES EXCEPT HOSPITALS........................ 9 3 ,4 6 3 12,139 4,5 6 4 7 ,5 7 5 1,662 4 1 ,658 896 2

H O SPI TA LS .......................................................................................... 4,595 2 3 ,6 0 2 23,594 8 1,9 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 797 3

EDUCATIONAL S E R V IC E S .......................................................... 6 ,260 18,904 18,579 361 1 ,8 2 9 1 ,8 2 9 - 2 1 3 ,1 1 5 103

NONPROFIT O R GA N IZ ATI ON S.................................................. 4 2 ,2 9 7 2 ,366 1,408 958 1,3 6 0 3 1,3 5 7 2 8 ,0 3 6 314

POST O F F I C E .................................................................................... 2,680 1 , 4 9 6 981 515 502 187 315 2 ,2 2 7 1

COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION................................... - - - - - - - - -

OTHER FEDERAL E N T E R P R IS E S ............................................ - - - - - - - 1,2 0 0 -

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R I S E S . . . _ _ _ _ 55 55 _ 3 ,317 1 2

DIRECTLY ALLOCATED IMPORTS........................................ - 5 2 5 525 - 673 - 673 4 3 ,3 0 9 349

t r an sferred im p o p t s .................. ......................................... - - - - - - - -

BUSINESS TRA VEL, ENTERTAINMENT, AND G IF T S i - - - - - -

O F FI CE S U P P L I E S ........................................................... 39 7 3 j | 2 , 7 7 3 678 106 106 “ 1 0 ,9 0 5 25

1 FY 1972. SEE TEXT FOP DETAILS OF STUDY.

2 FY 1969. SEE TEXT FOR DETAILS OF STUDY.

3fy 1972. SEE TEXT FOR DETAILS OF STUDY.

4 f y 1973. SEE TEXT FOR DETAILS OF STUDY.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
VETERANS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

ADMINISTRATION TOTAL EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS

PRODUCING INDUSTRY HEALTH

CARE

EXTRAMURAL 

AND DIRECT TOTAL

PROGRAM

PURCHASES

CONSTRUCTION

GRANTS1

LOANS AND 

FELLOWSHIPS2

DIRECT

OPERATIONS

TOTAL........................................................................ 4 7,450 6 0 ,4 6 5 5 5 ,1 1 3 31,1 0 1 1 0,773 1 3 ,2 3 9 5 ,3 5 2

LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS........................ 628 1,939 1 , 8 8 0 1,541 16 323 59

CROPS AND OTHEP AGRICULTURAL P R O D U C T S . . . . 688 847 735 299 48 388 112

PORESTRY AND P I S H E R I E S ....................................................

AGRICULTURE, PO RESTRY, AND FISHERY

53 5 0 42 18 8 16 8

S E R V IC E S ................................................................................. 106 414 121 59 14 48 293

IRON ORE MINING......................................................................... 19 2 9 27 10 14 3 2

COPPER ORE MINING................................................................... 22 31 2 8 16 9 3 3

OTHER NONFERROUS METAL ORE MINING..................... 22 31 2 8 16 10 2 3

COAL MINING.................................................................................... 99 1 0 0 8 9 43 25 21 11

CRUDE PETROLEUM......................................................................... 170 203 174 91 29 5 4 2 9

STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING............... 79 1 4 3 132 30 94 8 11

CHEMICAL AND F E R T I L IZ E R MINING.............................. 14 3 0 27 2 0 4 3 3

NEW RESID EN TIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION_____ - - - - - - -

NEW NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. 977 3 ,8 6 3 3 ,8 6 2 16 3 ,8 4 6 - 1

NEW PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S CONSTRUCTION..................... - - - “ - - "

NEW HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION..............................................

_ 6- - _ - 6

ALL OTHER NEW CONSTRUCTION......................................... - - - - - - -

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION............... 2 ,104 1,072 885 658 51 176 187

GUIDED M IS S IL E S AND SPACE VE HIC LE S.................. 5 8 7 5 1 1 1

OTHER ORDNANCE........................................................................... 12 12 11 6 2 3 1

POOD PRODUCTS.............................................................................. 897 807 743 298 19 426 64

TOBACCO MANUFACTURING.....................................................- 1 3 3 3 3 14 - 19 -

F A B R IC ,Y A R N , AND THREAD M IL L S................................

MISCELLANEOUS TE X TI LE S AND

469 30 3 274 122 20 132 29

FLOOR COVERINGS............................................................. 86 6 7 61 18 18 25 6

HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS.................................................... 31 106 98 37 3 58 8

APPAREL................................................................................................

MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE

118 633 577 262 13 302 56

p r o d u c t s ................................................................................. 299 74 6 5 2 0 7 38 9

LOGGING, SAWMILLS, AND PLANING M IL LS............

HILLWORK, PLYWOOD, AND OTHER

183 226 195 109 51 3 5 31

-WOOD PRODUCTS................................................................... 110 250 232 109 944 29 18

HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE............................................................. 34 10 8 105 31 3 71 3

OTHEP FURNITURE........................................................................ 45 66 5 4 45 5 4 12

PAPER PRODUCTS........................................................................... 5 6 4 480 410 265 59 86 7 0

PAPERBOARD....................................................................................... 263 194 171 104 24 4 3 2 3

P U BLI SHIN G....................................................................................... 429 597 522 367 34 121 7 5

P R I N T I N G ............................................................................................. 532 839 664 519 37 108 175

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS................................................................... 361 951 84 7 715 75 5 7 104

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS..................................................... 18 31 2 8 16 2 10 3

P LA STIC MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC R U B B E R . . . 102 118 106 62 28 16 12

SYNTHETIC F I B E R S ...................................................................... 69 61 5 5 24 8 2 3 6

DRUGS..................................................................................................... 1,590 375 310 278 1 31 65

CLEANING AND TOI LET PREPAR ATI ONS ........................ 66 91 8 6 55 2 2 9 5

P A I N T ...................................................................................................... 57 61 5 2 27 16 9 9

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS...................................... ......................... 89 129 111 58 18 3 5 18

RUBBER PRODUCTS........................................................................ 17 4 155 143 64 27 5 2 12

PL A S T IC PRODUCTS...................................................................... 384 427 395 203 147 4 5 32

LEATHER, FOOTWEAR, AND LEATHER PROD UC TS .. 99 142 139 4 8 7 84 3

G L A S S ..................................................................................................... 180 621 573 516 27 30 4 8

CEMENT, C L A Y , AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS............... 14 5 375 363 3 5 318 10 12

MISCELLANEOUS STONE AND CLAY P R O D U C T S . . . . 154 198 186 5 3 117 16 12

BLAST FURNACES AND BA SIC STEEL P ROD UC TS .. 361 574 537 166 317 54 37

IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES AND F O R G I N G S . . . 93 161 147 64 60 23 14

PRIMARY COPPER METALS....................................................... 8 11 10 6 3 1 1

PRIMARY ALUMINUM......................................................................

OTHER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY NONFERROUS

19 34 3 2 11 18 3 2

METAL PRODUCTS....................................J ......................... 39 3 7 3 3 2 0 10 3 4

COPPER ROLLING AND DRAWING......................................... 22 3 0 2 7 16 8 3 3

ALUMINUM ROLLING AND DRAWING................................... 35 7 2 6 8 19 44 5 4

OTHER NONFERROUS ROLLING AND DRAWING............ 51 6 7 61 36 20 5 6

MISCELLANEOUS NONFERROUS METAL PR ODU CTS .. 50 7 2 6 4 42 14 8 8

METAL CON TAINERS...................................................................... 63 5 6 5 0 28 4 18 6

HEATING APPARATUS AND PLUMBING F I X T U R E S .. 58 145 140 13 122 5 5

FABRICATED STRUCTURAL METAL...................................... 19 5 580 55 9 38 509 12 21

SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS.................................................... 173 2 2 0 199 112 47 4 0 21

OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS........................... 260 554 507 206 250 51 4 7

ENGINES , TU R B IN E S, AND GENERATORS..................... 18 35 3 2 16 9 7 3

FARM MACHINERY........................................................................... 6 9 8 5 1 2 1

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
PRODUCING INDUSTRY

VETERANS

ADMINISTRATION

HEALTH

CARE

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

TOTAL EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS

DIRECT

OPERATIONS

EXTRAMURAL 

AND DIRECT TOTAL

PROGRAM

PURCHASES

CONSTRUCTION

GRANTS1

LOANS AND 

FELLOWSHIPS2

CONSTRUCTION, MINING, AND O IL FIELD

MACHINERY.............................................................................. 24 4 2 3 5 13 18 4 7

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT...................................... 58 1 1 2 103 11 89 3 9

METAL WORKING MACHINERY.............................................. 81 133 117 74 27 16 16

SP ECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY......................................... 48 5 4 4 7 32 8 7 7

GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY................................... 82 1 4 5 130 48 70 12 15

MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS....................................................... 69 1 2 3 112 69 23 2 0 11

COMPUTERS AND PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT.................. 60 4 5 5 405 398 3 4 50

TYPEWRITERS AND OTHER O FFI CE MACHINES_____ 12 5 4 2 31 26 2 3 11

SBRVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES........................................... 85 9 2 7 9 3 4 11 11 13

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT.......................... 1 74 26 2 233 191 33 9 2 9

ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS................................ 11 3 197 179 108 54 17 18

HOUSEHOLD APP L IA N C E S .......................................................... 32 8 3 7 9 36 6 3 7 4

ELECTRIC LI GHTIN G AND WIRING................................... 12 4 257 243 68 156 19 14

RADIO AND T E LE VIS IO N S E T S ............................................ 89 7 4 7 2 4 2 2 28 2

TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH APPARATUS..................... 37 7 3 6 5 52 6 7 8

OTHER ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. 189 276 236 205 26 5 4 0

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS....................................................... 2 07 464 417 345 41 31 4 7

OTHER ELECTRICAL MACHINERY......................................... 612 131 115 91 9 15 16

MOTOR VE HIC LE S.......................................................................... 23 171 1 6 6 36 3 127 5

AIR C R A F T ........................................................................................... 52 8 6 7 3 52 11 10 13

SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND R E P A I R ..................... 14 36 3 4 8 17 9 2

RAILROAD AND OTHER

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT................................ 9 13 12 6 2 4 1

MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... 15 17 1 6 - 1 15 1

S C IE N T IF I C AND CONTROLLING IN S T R U M E N T S .. . 961 1,632 1 ,413 1,245 152 16 219

MEDICAL AND DENTAL INSTRUMENTS............................. 1 ,887 37 5 311 298 3 10 64

OPTICAL AND OPHTHALMIC EQUIPMENT........................ 228 406 323 316 1 6 8 3

PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND S U P P L I E S ............... 326 2 0 0 155 136 5 14 4 5

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS............... 137 1 9 5 177 7 5 i 16 8 6 1 8

R a il r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t io n .................................................. 355 578 525 307 128 90 53

LOCAL TRANSIT AND IN TE RCIT Y B U S.......................... 1 ,209 286 246 173 l 17 56 4 0

TRUCK TRANSPORTATION.......................................................... 969 1,001 87 2 441 241 190 129

water t r a n s p o r t a t io n .......................................................... 43 84 7 6 45 12 1 9 8

AIR TRANSPORTATION................................................................ 259 504 39 2 268 68 56 112

OTHER TRANSPORTATION.......................................................... 63 86 7 3 4 0 13 20 13

COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT RADIO AND T V .................. 7 8 1 837 695 324 180 191 142

RADIO AND TV BROADCASTING............................................ 131 113 102 63 11 2 8 11

ELECTRIC U T I L I T I E S ................................................................ 345 27 6 235 120 37 7 8 41

GAS U T I L I T I E S .............................................................................. 196 158 147 82 18 47 11

WATER AND SANITAFY S E R V IC E S...................................... 87 58 4 8 26 8 14 10

WHOIESALE TR ADE........................................................................ 3,317 3 ,4 6 6 3 ,1 2 5 1,887 521 717 341

RETAI L TRADE................................................................................. 1,234 8 , 2 4 5 8 ,0 4 8 4 , 102 746 3 ,2 0 0 197

FI NANCE............................................................................................... 394 753 70 9 257 59 393 4 4

INSURANCE.......................................................................................... 333 770 725 326 75 324 4 5

OWNER-OCCUPIED DWELLINGS.............................................. - - - - - - -

OTHER REAL ESTA TE ................................................................... 332 640 600 361 52 187 4 0

HOTELS AND LODGING PL ACES............................................ 281 746 599 408 42 149 147

OTHER PERSONAL S E R V IC E S .................................................. 1,093 929 905 400 16 489 24

MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS SE R V IC E S ........................... 1,623 3,0 9 7 2 ,7 4 8 2,2 4 8 236 264 349

ADV E R TI SI N G .................................................................................... 141 110 100 6 0 13 27 10

MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ............... 1 ,372 1,115 1,058 403 i p a 181 6 7

AUTOMOBILE R E P A I R ................................................................... 272 318 300 121 50 129 18

MOTION P I C T U R E S ........................................................................ 96 119 112 68 6 38 7

OTHER AMUSEMENTS..................................................................... 74 2 1 7 211 61 9 141 6

HEALTH SERVICES EXCEPT HOSPITALS........................ 5 ,676 1,3 1 0 758 371 c 382 55 2

H O SPITA LS .......................................................................................... 428 3 ,1 1 4 3 ,1 1 2 2,651 1 460 2

EDUCATIONAL S E R V IC E S .......................................................... 901 2,821 2 ,771 2,4 7 7 2 292 5 0

NONPROFIT OR GA NI ZATION S.................................................. 4,409 86 2 730 264 31 435 132

POST O F F I C E .................................................................................... 590 715 60 8 424 51 133 107

COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION................................... - - - - - -

OTHER FEDERAL EN TE RPR IS ES............................................ 459 99 9 2 4 3 12 37 7

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R I S E S . . . 532 34 3 29 8 163 35 100 4 5

DIRECTLY ALLOCATED IMPORTS.........................................

- - - - - - -

TRANSFERRED IMPORTS............................................................. - - - - - - -

BUSINESS TRA VEL, ENTERTAINMENT, AND GI F T S - - - - - " -

O F FI CE S U P P L I E S ........................................................................ - ~ “ “ " “

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MANPOWER INSTITU TION AL 

TRA IN IN G PROGRAM

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS 

AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

PRODUCING INDUSTRY

TOTAL

LIVING

ALLOWANCES

PROGRAM

PURCHASES

TOTAL

NASA

SPACE

SHUTTLE

TOTAL........................................................................ 1 2,688 10,238 2 ,4 5 0 1 6 0 ,4 1 7 1 0 0 ,6 7 4

LIVESTOCK AND LIVEST OCK PRODUCTS........................ 326 314 12 237 14

CPOPS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS_____ 3 68 349 19 388 24

PORESTRY AND F I S H E R I E S ....................................................

AGRICULTURE, FO RESTRY, AND FISHERY

11 9 2 3U 3

SEF V I C E S ................................................................................. 61 57 4 115 7

IRON ORE M IN IN G........................................................................ 3 2 1 61 6

COPPER ORE MINING................................................................... 4 2 2 164 14

OTHER NONFERROUS METAL ORE MINING..................... 3 2 1 1 2 7 11

COAL MINING.................................................................................... 23 16 7 275 19

CRUDE PETROLEUM........................................................................ 63 47 16 373 2 0

STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING............... 9 6 3 1 1 0 8

CHEMICAL AND F E R T I L IZ E R MINING.............................. 3 2 1 27 3

NEW RESID EN TIAL BUILDING C O N S T R U C T I O N . . . . - - - - -

NEW NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. - - - 614 15

NEW PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S CONSTRUCTION..................... - “ - 7 2

NEW HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION..............................................

- - - 33 1

ALL OTHER NEW CONSTRUCTION......................................... - - - 820 14

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION............... 1 9 5 148 4 7 1 , 6 8 9 117

GUIDED M ISS IL E S AND SPACE V EHIC LE S.................. 1 1 - 1 4,354 1 ,3 2 3

OTHER ORDNANCE........................................................................... “ - 213 13

FOOD PRODUCTS.............................................................................. 4 3 9 422 17 313 2 0

TOBACCO MANUFACTURING........................................................ 20 20 - 4 -

FA B R IC ,Y A R N , AND THREAD M IL L S................................

MISCELLANEOUS TE XTILES AND

126 109 17 189 12

FLOOR COVERINGS............................................................. 14 10 4 57 4

HOSIERY AND KNIT GOODS.................................................... 49 45 4 29 2

a p p a r e l ................................................................................................

MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE

378 350 28 160 12

PRODUCTS................................................................................. 25 20 5 40 2

LOGGING, SAWMILLS, AND PLANING MIL LS .............

HILLWORK, PLYWOOD, AND OTHER

37 22 15 282 18

WOOD PRODUCTS................................................................... 31 16 15 238 16

HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE............................................................. 32 28 it H I 3

OTHER FURNITUR E......................................................................... 26 1 2 5 132 1 0

PAPER PRODUCTS............................................................................ 115 6 2 53 644 3 6

PAPERBOARD....................................................................................... 46 36 10 272 18

PU BLISH IN G....................................................................................... 167 60 107 725 3 3

P R I N T I N G ............................................................................................. 163 75 88 1 ,4 1 7 6 3

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS................................................................... 71 44 27 84 7 2

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS..................................................... 9 8 1 28 2

PL ASTIC MATERIALS AND SYNTHETIC R U B B E R ... 16 11 5 220 28

SYNTHETIC F I B E R S ...................................................................... 19 16 3 3 9 3

DRUGS..................................................................................................... 30 29 1 30 2

CLEANING AND TOILET PREPAR ATI ONS........................ 46 39 7 4 3 3

P A I N T ...................................................................................................... 11 6 5 106 8

PETROLEUM p r o d u c t s ................................................................ 37 28 9 232 13

RUBBER PRODUCTS......................................................................... 39 31 8 311 2 3

P L A S T IC PRODUCTS...................................................................... 49 34 15 708 5 7

LEATHER, FOOTWEAR, AND LEATHER PR O D U CTS .. 66 6 2 4 50 4

G L A S S ..................................................................................................... 32 26 6 392 2 0

CEMENT, C L A Y , AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS............... 14 9 5 2 0 4 1 3

MISCELLANEOUS STONE AND CLAY P R O D U C T S . . . . 17 8 9 329 2 3

BLAST FURNACES AND BA SIC STEEL PR O D U C T S.. 67 33 34 1 ,3 2 6 123

IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES AND F O R G I N G S . . . 27 14 13 943 8 9

PRIMARY COPPER METALS....................................................... 2 1 1 7 0 5

PRIMARY ALUMINUM......................................................................

OTHEP PRIMARY AND SECONDARY NONFERROUS

n 2 2 155 19

METAL PRODUCTS................................................................ 4 2 2 165 14

COPPER ROLLING AND DRAWING......................................... 6 2 4 1 4 8 1 0

ALUMINUM ROLLING AND DRAWING................................... 6 3 3 2 8 6 2 6

OTHER NONFERROUS ROLLING AND DRAWING............ 9 3 6 4 6 8 3 2

MISCELLANEOUS NONFERROUS METAL PRO DU CTS.. 10 4 6 931 120

METAL CONTAINERS...................................................................... 20 17 3 44 3

HEATING APPARATUS AND PLUMBING F I X T U R E S .. 6 3 3 61 4

FABPICATED STRUCTURAL METAL...................................... 17 9 8 4 3 5 27

SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS.................................................... 35 21 14 1,3 7 7 102

OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS........................... 76 28 4 8 1 , 2 7 5 114

ENGINES, TURBIN ES, AND GENERATORS..................... 7 4 3 159 12

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MANPOWER INS TITUT ION AL 

TRAINING PROGRAM

NATIONAL J 

AND SPACE A

AERONAUTICS 

DMINISTRATION

PRODUCING INDUSTRY

TOTAL

LIVING

ALLOWANCES

PROGRAM

PURCHASES

TOTAL

NASA

SPACE

SHUTTLE

FARM MACHINERY...........................................................................

CONSTRUCTION, MINI NG , AND O I L PIELD

2 1 1 23 2

MACHINERY.............................................................................. 5 3 2 98 7

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT........................ .. 5 2 3 9 8 8

METALWORKING MACHINERY............................................... 36 8 28 1 ,3 2 7 130

SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY......................................... 15 6 9 1 5 6 8

GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY................................... 20 7 13 6 2 4 6 2

MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS....................................................... 26 10 16 3 ,3 8 2 373

COMPUTERS AND PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT.................. 8 3 5 3 ,3 7 5 127

TYPEWRITERS AND OTHER OF F IC E M A C H I N E S . . . . 28 1 27 9 8 4

SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES............................................ 12 4 8 127 7

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT.......................... 22 6 16 2 ,1 5 4 6 3

ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS................................ 37 12 25 836 5 0

HOUSEHOLD APPL IANCES.......................................................... 32 29 3 9 4 5

ELECTPIC LIG HTIN G AND WIRING.................................... 19 8 11 777 4 9

RADIO AND T E LE VIS IO N S E T S ............................................ 23 16 7 121 6

TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH APPARATUS..................... 8 5 3 528 2 2

OTHER ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. 6 2 4 9 ,0 1 5 319

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS........................................................ 35 19 16 4,8 9 1 268

OTHER ELECTRICAL MACHINERY......................................... 14 Q 5 261 16

MOTOR V EH IC LE S............................................................................ 60 49 11 174 4

A IR C R A F T ............................................................................................. 9 6 3 2 4 ,3 7 3 2 ,7 5 0

SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING AND P E P A T p .....................

RAILROAD AND OTHER

5 4 1 108 6

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT................................ 4 3 1 29 3

MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... - - - 4 -

S C I E N T IF I C AND CONTROLLING IN S T R U M E N T S .. . 20 6 14 2 ,9 6 0 250

MEDICAL AND DENTAL INSTRUMENTS............................. 14 6 8 299 3

OPT ICAL AND OPHTHALMIC EQUIPMENT........................ 6 1 5 1,019 b

PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND S U P P L I E S . . . . . . . 21 7 14 459 21

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS............... 57 29 2 8 281 19

RAILROAD TRA NSPORTATION.................................................. 205 180 2 5 861 6 0

LOCAL T F A N S IT AND IN T E R C IT Y B U S.......................... 6 5 6 618 38 438 30

TRUCK TRANSPORTATION.......................................................... 2 03 162 41 1 ,5 7 0 109

WATER TRA NSPORTATION.......................................................... 47 43 4 113 6

a ir t r a n s p o r t a t io n ................................................................ 41 26 15 1,4 0 5 71

other t r a n s p o r t a t io n .......................................................... 21 16 5 185 1 0

COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT RADIO AND T V .................. 2 0 7 153 54 2 ,8 7 2 130

RADIO AND TV BROADCASTING............................................ 30 24 6 185 9

ELECTRIC U T I L I T I E S ................................................................ 96 69 27 862 4 9

GAS U T I L I T I E S .............................................................................. 76 5 4 22 214 19

WATER AND SANITARY S E R V IC E S...................................... 24 15 9 99 7

WHOLESALE TRADE........................................................................ 1 ,097 906 191 5 ,2 2 2 344

P E ^ A IL TRADE................................................................................. 2,405 2,3 3 3 7 2 3 ,3 3 2 225

FINANCE............................................................................................... 139 112 27 1 ,1 7 5 7 9

INSURANCE...................................... ................................................... 2 8 8 238 50 1 ,063 71

OWNER“ OCCUPIED DWELLINGS............................................... - - “ “ ~

OTHER REAL ES T A T E ................................................................... 280 229 51 1 ,0 9 7 5 6

HOTELS AND LODGING PL ACES............................................ 96 77 19 1,3 6 6 9 0

OTHER PERSONAL SE R V IC E S .................................................. 489 4 69 20 1,5 8 3 73

MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS S E R V IC E S ........................... 427 204 223 1 2,122 898

AD V E R T ISI N G .................................................................................... 29 24 5 144 9

MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONA1 SERVICES............... 1 54 111 4 3 5 ,3 0 0 204

AUTOMOBILE R E P A I R ................................................................... 62 46 16 604 38

MOTION P I C T U R E S ......................................................................... 65 32 33 509 2 0

OTHER AMUSEMENTS...................................................................... 51 45 6 180 11

HEALTH SERVICES EXCEPT H O S P IT A L S ........................ 183 179 4 145 7

H O S P IT A L S .......................................................................................... 314 313 1 96 U

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES.......................................................... 3 03 17 28 6 1 8 ,254 110

NONPROFIT O RGA NI ZATI ON S.................................................. 253 245 8 3,191 33 8

POST O F F IC E .................................................................................... 164 108 56 1,837 114

COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.................................... - ” “ ~ “

OTHER FEDERAL E N T E R P R IS E S ............................................ 30 25 5 193 8

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R I S E S . . . 214 175 3 9 994 5 5

DIRECTLY ALLOCATED IMPORTS......................................... - - - - -

TRANSFERRED IMPORTS............................................................. - - - - -

BUSINESS TR AVEL, ENTERTAINMENT, AND G IF T S - - - -

OFFICE SUPPLIES ........................................................................ “ - “ “

— Denotes no employment.

1 Based on factors for hospital construction in Fact book for Estimating the Manpower Needs of Federal Programs, Bulletin 1832 (Bureau

of Labor Statistics, 1975).

2 Employment generated by a standard pattern

of personal consumption expenditures.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION

VETERANS ADMINIS TRATION

E

NATIONAL IN S T IT U T E S OF HEALTH

EEALTH CAR EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM DIRECT OPERATIONS

TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT

CONSTRUCTION

GRANTS

NIH

STAFF INDIRECT

TO TA L, ALL OCC UPATIONS......................................... 15 9 ,1 5 0 11 1 ,7 0 0 47,4 5 0 1 1 5 ,7 5 0 5 6 ,9 1 0 31 ,1 0 0 10,770 1 1 ,6 1 0 5, 350

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL W OR KE RS... 66 ,050 5 7 ,4 4 0 8 ,6 1 0 6 ,6 5 0 4 4 ,7 4 0 5 ,1 2 0 86 0 5 ,2 1 0 72 0

ENGINEERS, TE CH NI CAL...................................... 780 5 0 730 1 ,490 530 520 200 150 100

ENGINEERS, AERO-ASTRONAUTICAL.. . * - * - * * - *

ENGINEERS, CHEMICAL................................... 60 - 60 70 * * * - *

ENGINEERS, C I V I L ............................................ * * 180 * *

*

90 *

ENGINEERS, ELECTRICAL............................. NA * 220 460 210 160 ! * *

ENGINEERS, INDUSTRIAL............................. NA * 120 150 - 90 * * *

ENGINEERS, MECHANICAL.............................. NA * 110 190 6 0 80 * - *

ENGINEERS, METALLURGICAL..................... * - * * - * * - *

ENGINEERS, MINI NG ......................................... * - * * - - * - -

ENGINEERS, PETROLEUM................................ * - * * - - * -

ENGINEERS, SALE S............................................ * - * * - - * - *

ENGINEERS, OTHER............................................ NA * 120 370 230 80 * * *

L I F E AND PHYSICAL S C I E N T I S T S ............... 2 ,1 1 0 1,2 7 0 790 5 ,110 2 2 ,7 4 0 130 * 2 , 2 0 0 *

AGRICULTURAL S C I E N T I S T S ........................ * * * * - - - * *

ATMOSPHERIC, SPACE S C IE N T IS T S ... * - * * - - - - -

BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS ............................. 6 3 0 460 170 3 ,2 5 0 2 ,6 1 0 - - 610 *

CHEM IST S................................................................... 1,210 730 4 80 5 ,5 1 0 4, 820 80 * 580 *

GEO LOGISTS............................................................. * - * * - - * - *

MARINE S C I E N T I S T S ......................................... * - * * - - - - -

P H Y S I C IS T S AND ASTRONOMERS............... NA 60 * 1,5 0 0 1,440 - * * *

LIFE, PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS N E C ... * * * 4 ,8 3 0 13 ,8 7 0 - 960

MATHEMATICAL SP E C IA L IST S ..........................

* _ * 5 9 0 420 - * 160 *

ACTUA RIES................................................................ * - * * - - - - -

MATHEMATICIANS.................................................. * * * 80 * - - * -

STATISTICIANS .................................................... * * * 5 1 0 380 * 110 *

ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

TECHNICIANS................................................. 7 9 0 130 790 6 ,0 5 0 1 4,310 470 170 1 ,020 9 0

AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL

TECHNICIANS................................................. 1 8 0 - 180 4 ,1 5 0 13,430 - - 700 *

CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS................................ 8 0 - 80 80 - 60 * - *

DRAFTERS................................................................... 180 - 180 290 * 150 9 0 * *

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

T ECH N IC IA N S.................................................. 180 6 0 120 580 370 90 * 80 *

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

TECHNICIANS.................................................

*

~ | * * - * * - *

MATHEMATICAL TECHNICIANS.................... - - - - - - - -

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TECHNICIANS.................................................

* - * * - * * - *

SURVEYORS................................................................ * - * * - * - *

ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

TECHNICTANS NEC...................................... 270 7 0 200 900 490 130 * 230

MEDICAL WORKERS, EXCEPT

TECHNICIANS................................................. 51 ,361 4 9 ,3 6 1 2 ,0 0 0 3,5 6 0 1 ,7 0 0 960 * 710 170

CHIROPRACTORS.................................................... * - * * - - - - *

D ENTISTS .................................................................. 2 ,1 1 0 1 ,1 0 0 1,010 160 - * - 120 *

D I E T I T I A N S ............................................................. NA 1 ,0 0 0 * 140 9 0 - * *

OP TOM ETR IST S....................................................... * . * * * * - - *

PHARMACISTS.......................................................... NA 950 * 90 - 50 * *

P H Y S I C IA N S , MD OSTEOPATHS.................. 1 4 ,6 5 0 1 4 ,2 0 0 450 350 80 210 - - 6 0

P O D I A T R I S T S ................................................. . ..

* - * * - * - - *

r e g is t e r e d n u r s e s ........................................ 2 0 ,5 3 0 2 0 ,1 5 0 380 2 ,3 8 0 1 ,440 520 * 380 *

T H E R A P IST S ............................................................. * - * 90 * * - *

VETERINARIANS....................................................

* * * 18 0 * 110 - * *

OTHER MEDICAL AND HEALTH

WORKERS............................................................. NA 4 ,2 1 0 * 130 *

- 90 -

HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND

TECHNICIANS................................................. 8 ,5 9 0 7 ,4 9 0 1,100 3 ,2 5 0 2 ,4 8 0 540 - 210 *

CLINICAL LAB TECHNICIANS.................... 17 0 - 170 2 ,4 9 0 2 ,2 3 0 110 - 140 *

DENTAL H Y G IE N IS T S ......................................... 160 - 160 80 8 0 * - - *

HEALTH RECORD TE C H N IC IA N S.................. * - * * - * - * -

RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS AND

TECHNICIANS................................................. * - * 2 20 170 * - - *

THERAPY A S S I S T A N T S ...................................... 720 - 720 430 - 370 - 6 0 *

OTHER HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND

TECHNICIANS NEC...................................... 90 90 90 ~ 60 *

-

*

TECHNICANS , EXCEPT HEALTH........................ * 930 * NA - NA NA - NA

AIRPLANE P I L O T S ............................................... - - - NA - NA NA - NA

a ir t r a f f i c c o n t r o l l e r s ........................ - - - NA - NA NA - NA

EMBALMERS................................................................ * - * NA - NA NA - NA

f l ig h t e n g in e e r s ............................................

* - * NA - NA NA - NA

RADIO OPERATORS............................................... * - * NA - NA NA - NA

TOOL PROGRAMMERS, NUMERICAL............ 9 3 0 930 * NA - NA NA - NA

OTHER TECHNICANS EXCEPT HEALTH.. *

“

* NA - NA NA “ NA

COMPUTER S P E C I A L I S T S ...................................... 200 - 200 1 ,0 9 0 720 3 00 * - *

COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS................................ 120 - 120 NA NA NA NA - NA

COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANA LYSTS.................. 7 0 - 70 NA NA NA NA - NA

OTHER COMPUTER S P E C IA L I S T S ...............

*

-

* NA NA NA NA NA

SOCIAL S C I E N T I S T S ............................................... 110 NA 110 1,2 2 0 1 ,0 9 0 6 0 * 50 *

ECONOMISTS............................................................. 60 - 60 60 - * *

POLITICAL SCIENTISTS ................................

* *

“ - - - -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

HEALTH CARE EXTRAMURAL PIJOGRAM DIRECT OPERATIONS

OCCUPATION

TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT

CONSTRUCTION

GRANTS

NIH

STAFF INDIRECT

PSYCHOLOGISTS.................................................... 1 ,800 1 ,8 0 0 * 1 ,0 8 0 1 ,0 4 0 * - * *

SOCIOLOGISTS....................................................... * - * * - * - - -

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNERS............ - * * - * - - -

OTHER SO CIAL S C I E N T I S T S ........................ * * * 70 5 0 * ~

* ~

TEACHERS........................................................................ 5 1 0 * 510 780 * 7 30 * *

ADULT EDUCATION.............................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

AGRICULTURE.......................................................... - - - NA NA NA NA NA NA

ART, DRAMA, MUS IC......................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

ATMOSPHERIC, EARTH, AND

MARINE S CIEN CE......................................... *

_ * NA NA NA NA NA NA

BIOLOGY ..................................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

BU SIN ESS, COMMERCE...................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

CHEMISTRY................................................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

COACHES, PHYSICAL EDUCATION............

* - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

ECONOMICS................................................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

EDUCATION................................................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL......................................... 9 0 - 9 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

ENGINEERING.......................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

ENG LISH...................................................................... * - NA NA NA NA NA NA

FOREIGN LANGUAGE...................................

* - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HEALTH S P E C I A L T I E S ...................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HISTORY..................................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HOME ECONOMICS................................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

LAW................................................................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

MATHEMATICS.......................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

P H Y S I C S ..................................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

PRESCHOOL, KINDERGARTEN....................... 6 0 - 60 NA NA NA NA NA NA

PSYCHOLOGY............................................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

SECONDARY SCHOOL............................................ 60 - 60 NA NA NA NA NA NA

SOCIOLOGY................................................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS NEC............ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

MISCELLANEOUS COLLEGE AND

UN IVERSIT Y TEACHERS........................... * _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA

COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

TEACHERS NEC............................................... * _ NA NA NA NA NA NA

THEOLOGY................................................................... * - NA NA NA NA NA NA

TRADE, IN D U S T R I A L ......................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

TEACHERS NEC, EXCEPT COLLEGE

AND U N IV E R S IT Y ......................................... 150 - 150 NA NA NA NA NA NA

WRITERS, ARTISTS, ENTERTAINERS.... 790 200 790 1,210 420 40 7 0 230 8 0

ACTORS........................................................................ * - * * - * - - -

ATHLETES AND KINDRED W O R K E R S . . . . * - * * - * * - *

AUTHORS...................................................................... 1 AO - 140 * - * - *

DANCERS...................................................................... * - * ! * - * - - -

DESIGNERS....................................................... .. . . 9 0 * 9 0 100 - 7 0 * -

EDITORS AND REPORTERS............................. m o - 140 130 - 100 * - *

MUSICIANS AND COMPOSERS........................ 5 0 - 50 * - * * - *

PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS..........................

* - * 80 - 60 * - *

PHOTOGRAPHERS.................................................... 2 0 0 200 * 300 170 * * 9 0 *

PUBLIC RELATIONS WORKERS AND

W RIT ERS............................................................. 8 0 _ 80 240 60 * * 120 *

RADIO, TV ANNOUNCERS................................

* - * * - * - *

WRITERS, A R T I S T S , AND

ENTERTAINERS NEC................................... 1 6 0 - 160 260 190 * * * *

OTHER PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL

WORKERS............................................................. 7 ,0 0 0 5 ,3 9 0 1 ,6 1 0 220 340 930 330 460 150

ACCOUNTANTS.......................................................... 320 * 320 540 - 290 140 6 0 50

ARCHITEC TS............................................................. * - * *r0 - * * * *

AR C H IV IS TS AND CURATORS........................ * - * * - * - - -

CLERGY........................................................................ 8 0 0 800 * 80 - 50 * *

RELIGOUS, EXCEPT CLERGY....................... * - * * - * - - *

FARM MANAGEMENT A DV IS OR S..................... * - * * - * - - -

FORESTERS, CONSERVATIONISTS............ * - * * - * * - *

HOME MANAGEMENT A DV IS OR S..................... * - * * - - - -

JUDGES........................................................................ - - - - - - - - -

LAWYERS..................................................................... 5 0 - 50 240 - 120 100 * *

L I B R A R IA N S ............................................................. 350 350 * 360 230 * * 8 0 *

OPERATIONS, SYSTEMS R E SE A R C H .... 6 0 - 60 60 - * * - *

PERSONNEL, LABOR RELATIONS............... 1 9 0 190 320 - 160 * 9 0 *

RESEARCH WORKERS NEC................................ 3 7 0 - 370 360 5 0 100 * 190 *

RECREATION WORKERS...................................... NA - * 90 5 0 - * *

SOCIAL WORKERS................................................. 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,8 6 0 140 - * - - *

VOCATIONAL COUNSELORS............................. “ “

*

“ ~ ~

MANAGERS, O F F I C I A L S , AND PROPRIETORS. 4 ,7 2 0 830 3 ,8 9 0 5 ,6 9 0 180 2 ,8 5 0 1,060 1 ,1 5 0 460

BUYERS, SALES AND LOAN M A N A G E R S ... 580 _ 580 710 - 500 130 * 8 0

BANK, FINANCIAL MANAGERS..................... 1 3 0 - 130 NA - NA NA NA NA

CREDIT MANAGERS............................................... * - * NA - NA NA NA NA

BUYERS, S H IPPE RS, FARM PRODUCTS. * - * NA - NA NA NA NA

BUYERS, WHOLESALE, R ETAIL.................. 5 0 - 50 NA - NA NA NA NA

PURCHASING AGENTS, BUYERS N E C . . . 120 * 120 NA - NA NA NA NA

SALES MANAGERS, RETAIL T R A D E . . . . * - * NA - NA NA NA NA

SALES MANAGERS, EXCEPT

R E T A I L TRADE............................................... 230 _

230 NA _ NA NA NA NA

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL IN S T IT U T E S OF HE1 LTH

HEALTH CARE EXTRAMURAL PIROGPAM DIRECT OPERATIONS

OCCUPATION

TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT

CONSTRUCTION

GRANTS

NIH

STAFF INDIRECT

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS, INSPECTORS. 140 _ 140 310 130 170 - *

ASSE SSOR S, CONTROLLERS, AND

TREASURERS....................................................

_ _ _ NA NA NA NA _ NA

CONSTRUCTION INSPECTORS........................ - - - NA NA NA NA - NA

HEALTH ADMINISTRATORS............................. 8 0 - 8 0 NA NA NA NA - NA

INSPECTORS, EXCEPT PUB1IC

CONSTRUCTION............................................... * _ * NA NA NA NA _ NA

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS AND

O F F I C IA L S NEC............................................ * _ * NA NA NA NA _ NA

POSTMASTERS AND MAIL

S U PE RVIS OR S.................................................. * _ * NA NA NA NA _ NA

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, CO LLE G E .. * - * NA NA NA NA - NA

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS,

ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY............ * -

* NA NA NA NA - NA

OTHER MANAGERS, O F F I C I A L S , AND

PR OPR IETOR S.................................................. 3 ,1 7 0 3 ,1 7 0 4 ,6 7 0 5 0 2 ,1 8 0 930 1,1 5 0 370

FUNERAL DIR ECTO RS......................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

MANAGERS AND BUILDING

SUPERINTENDENTS...................................... 50 _

50 NA NA NA NA NA NA

OFFICE MANAGERS NEC................................... 2 2 0 - 220 NA NA NA NA NA NA

OFFICERS, PILOTS, PURSERS, SHIP. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

OFFICIALS OF LODGES, UNIONS............ 2 2 0 - 220 NA NA NA NA NA NA

RAILROAD CONDUCTORS...................................

* - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

RESTAURANT, CAFE, BAR MANAGERS.. 210 - 210 NA NA NA NA NA NA

OTHER MANAGERS, ADM IN IST R A TO R S.. 3 ,2 8 0 830 2 ,4 5 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

SALES WORKERS.......................................................... 1 ,5 3 0 - 1,5 3 0 2 ,5 5 0 - 1 ,9 2 0 410 - 220

ADVERTISING AGENTS AND

SALES WORKERS........................................... 60 _ 60 NA

_ NA NA _ NA

AUCTIONEERS.......................................................... * - * NA - NA NA - NA

d em o n strato rs ....................................................

* - * NA - NA NA - NA

HUCKSTERS AND PEDDLERS..........................

* - * NA - NA NA - NA

INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND 

UNDERWRITERS............................................... 100 _ 100 NA _ NA NA _ NA

NEWSPAPER CARRIERS AND VEND ORS.. * - * NA - NA NA - NA

REAL ESTATE AGENTS, BROKERS............ 1 3 0 - 130 NA - NA NA - NA

STOCK AND BOND SALES AGENTS............ * - * NA - NA NA - NA

SALES REPRESENTATIVES, MFG............... 4 6 0 - 4 60 NA - NA NA - NA

SALES REPRESENTATIVES,

WHOLESALE TR ADE ...................................... 530 _ 530 NA _ NA NA _ NA

SALES CLERKS, RETAIL TPADE...............

* - NA - NA NA - NA

SALES WORKERS, RETAIL TPADE, 

EXCEPT CLERKS.................................................

_ _ _ NA _ NA NA - NA

SALES WORKERS, SERVICE AND

CONSTRUCTION.............................................. 1 5 0 - 150 NA - NA NA - NA

CLERICAL WORKERS.......................................................... 1 4 ,8 1 0 6 ,3 6 0 8 ,4 5 0 1 8 ,7 5 0 7 ,2 3 0 6 ,0 0 0 1,440 3 ,0 4 0 1,0 4 0

STENOGRAPHERS, T Y P I S T S , AND

SECRETARIES................................................. 7 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 9 0 2 ,9 1 0 1 0,550 6 ,4 7 0 1,8 4 0 450 1,4 9 0 300

SE CR E TA R IE S, LE GA L...................................... - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

S E C RETA RIES, M EDI CAL................................ 120 - 120 NA NA NA NA NA NA

SE CR E TA R IE S, OTHEP...................................... 2,1 8 0 - 2 ,1 8 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

STENOGRAPHERS.................................................... 6 0 - 60 NA NA NA NA NA NA

T Y P I S T S ...................................................................... 550 - 550 NA NA NA NA NA NA

OFFICE MACHINE O P E R A T O R S . . . . . . . . 810 440 370 660 5 0 380 7 0 110 50

BOOKKEEPING, BILLING OPERATORS.. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

CALCULATING MACHINE O P E R A T O R S... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

COMPUTER, PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT 

OPERATORS....................................................... 9 0

_ 9 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

DUPLICATING MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ... - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS...................................... 180 - 180 NA NA NA NA NA NA

TABULATING MACHINE OPERATORS-------- * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

OTHER OFFICE MACHINE OPERATO RS.. * -

* NA NA NA NA NA NA

OTHER CLERICAL WORKERS................................ 5 ,1 6 0 * 5 ,1 6 0 7 ,5 4 0 710 3 ,7 8 0 920 1 , 4 4 0 690

BANK TE L L E R S....................................................... 7 0 - 70 NA NA NA NA NA NA

BILLING CLERKS................................................. 9 0 * 9 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

BOOKKEEPERS.......................................................... 94 0 * 940 NA NA NA NA NA NA

C A S H IE R S ............................................................ 1 5 0 - 150 NA NA NA NA NA NA

CLERICAL A S S I S T A N T S , SOCIAL * 

WELFARE............................................................. * _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA

CLERICAL SUPERVISORS NEC..................... 90 - 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA

COLLECTORS, BIL L AND A C C O U N T . . . . * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

COUNTER CLERKS, EXCEPT F O O D . . . . . 130 - 130 NA NA NA NA NA NA

DISPATCHERS, STARTERS, VEHICLE.. 7 0 - 7 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

ENUMERATORS AND I N T E R V I E W E R S . . . . - NA NA NA n a NA NA

ESTIMATORS, INVESTIGATORS N E C ... 180 - 180 NA NA NA NA NA NA

EXPEDITERS, PRODUCE CONTROLLERS. 140 - 140 NA NA NA NA NA NA

FILE CLERKS.......................................................... 1 5 0 - 150 NA NA NA NA NA NA

INSURANCE ADJUSTERS, EXAMINERS.. * - NA NA NA NA NA NA

LIBRARY ATTENDANTS, A SSISTAN T... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HAIL CARRIERS, POST OFFICE ............... 2 2 0 - 220 NA NA NA NA NA NA

HAIL HANDLERS, ECEPT

POST OFFICE ................................................. 90 _ 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA

MESSENGERS AND O FF IC E H E L P E R S . . . * -

* NA NA NA NA NA NA

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
VETERANS ADM INISTRATION NATIONAL IN S T IT U T E S OF HEALTH

HEALTH CARE EXT RAMURAL PROGRAM DIRECT () P E R A T I O N S

OCCUPATION

TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT TOTAL DIRECT i n d i r e c t ;

I c o n s t r u c t i o n

j GR ANTS

NIH

STAFF TNDTP.ECT

METER R E A D E R S , U T I L I T I E S ........................ * _ NA NA NA ; NA NA NA

PAYROLL, TIMEKEEPING CLERKS .............. 1 0 0 - 100 NA NA NA ! NA NA NA

POSTAL CLERKS .............. ............................................. 2 6 0 - 26 0 NA I NA NA ! NA NA NA

P R O O F R E A D E R S ............................................................... * - * ! NA NA NA | NA ! NA NA

REAL ESTATE APPR A ISE R S .............................. * - * NA NA NA ! NA ! NA NA

R E C E P T I O N I S T S ............................................................ 6 4 0 - 6 4 0 I NA NA NA ! NA NA NA

SH IPPIN G , RECEIVING CLERKS ................. 3 1 0 - 310 NA NA NA NA NA NA

ST A TISTIC AL CLERKS ........................................... 1 6 0 - 160 | NA NA NA NA NA NA

STOCK CLERKS, STOREKEEPERS ................. 2 5 0 - 250 ! NA NA NA NA NA NA

TEACHER A ID ES, EXCEPT M ONITORS.. * - * i NA NA NA NA NA NA

t e l e g r a p h m e s s e n g e r s .................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA I NA

TELEGPAPH OPERATORS ....................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

TELEPHONE O P E R A T O R S .... ........................... 2 8 0 - 280 NA NA NA NA NA NA

TICKET STATION EXPRESS A G E N T S ... 9 0 - 9 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

W E I S H T E R S ............................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA i NA NA

MISCELLANEOUS CLERICAL

WORKERS NEC ........................................................ 2 , 1 9 0 1 , 7 0 0 4 9 0 NA NA NA NA

I

NA NA

CRAFT WORKERS.................... ....................................................... 7 , 5 2 0 4 5 0 7 , 0 7 0 8 , 3 5 0 320 3 , 5 6 0 3 ,3 7 0 3 7 0 7 4 0

CONSTRUCTION CRAFT WORKERS....................... 2 , 2 3 0 * 2 , 2 3 0 3 , 2 0 0 * 7 4 0 2 , 1 4 0 160 150

CARPENTERS ..................................................................... NA * 680 NA NA NA NA NA NA

CARPENTERS' APPRENTICES ........................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

BBICKMASONS AND S T O N E M A S O N S ..... 150 - 150 NA NA NA NA NA NA

BRICK, STONEMASON A P P R E N T IC E S ... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

B U LL D O Z E R O P E R A T O R S ........................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

CEMENT AND CONCRETE F I N I S H E R S . . . * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

E L E C T R I C I A N S ............................................................... NA * 360 NA NA | NA NA NA NA

E LECTRICIAN S' APPRENTICES ....................

* - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

EXCAVATING, GRADING, MACHINE

O P E R A T O R S ............................................................... 8 0 _ 8 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

FLOOR LAYERS, EXCEFT

t i l e s e t t e r s ........................................................ * _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA

p a i n t e r s , CONSTRUCTION AND

m a i n t e n a n c e ........................................................ NA * 330 NA NA NA NA NA NA

PAIN TE R S' APPRENTICES ................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

PAPERHANGERS ........................................ ...................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

PLASTERERS .................................................... ............... * * * NA NA ! NA NA NA NA

PLASTERERS’ APPRENTICES ...........................

- - - NA NA j NA NA NA NA

PLUMBERS AND P I P E F I T T E P S ....................... NA * 300 NA NA NA NA NA NA

PLUM B E R S' AND P I P E F I T T E R S '

APPRENTICES ........................................................ * _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA

R O O F E R S AND S L A T E R S ........................................ 7 0 - 7 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

S T R U CT U R A L METAL W O RK ER S........................ 6 0 - 6 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

T I L E S E T T E R S .................................................................. *

-

* NA NA NA NA NA NA

B L U E -C O L L A R WORKER

SUPERVISORS NEC ........................................... 9 5 0 - 95 0 1 , 0 1 0 * 5 6 0 56 0 * 120

METALWORKING CRAFT WORKERS

EXCLUDING MECHANICS ..................... 6 7 0 * 670 960 180 4 0 0 4 0 0 * 8 0

B L A C K S M I T H S .................................................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

BCILERMAKERS .............................................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HEAT T R E A T E R S , ANNE A LE R S, AND 

T E M P E R E R S ............................................................... * _ * NA NA ; NA NA NA NA

FORGE AND HAMMER O P E R A T O R S ................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

JOB AND DIE S E T T E E S , METAL ................. 5 0 - 5 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

M ACHINISTS ..................................................................... 2 3 0 - 230 NA NA NA NA NA NA

M ACHINISTS' APPRENTICES ...........................

* - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

M I L L W R I G H T S .................................................................. 5 0 - 5 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

H O L D E R S , M E T A L ........................................................

* - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HOLDERS' APPRENTICES .................................... - - - NA NA NA NA NA NA

PATTERN AND MODEL MAKERS....................... * * * NA NA NA NA NA NA

ROLLERS AND F I N I S H E R S , METAL --------- * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

SHEET METAL WORKERS, T I N S M I T H S .. 100 * 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA

SHEET METAL A P P R E N T I C E S . . . . . . . . . - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

T O O L , D T E M A K E R S .................................................. 1 1 0 - 110 NA NA NA NA NA NA

TOOL, DIEMAKER APPRENTICES ................. * NA NA NA NA NA NA

MECHANICS, REPAIRERS, IN ST A L LE R S.. 1 , 4 7 0 2 1 0 1 , 4 7 0 1 , 6 2 0 120 9 4 0 3 3 0 8 0 160

A IR C O N D I T I O N I N G , H EA D IN G , AND 

REFRIGERATION .............................................. 9 0 9 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

AIRCRAFT MECHANICS .......................................... 5 0 - 5 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

AUTO ACCE SSO R IE S IN S T A L L E R S .............. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

AUTO B ODY R E P A I R E R S ........................................ 5 0 - 5 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

AUTO M E C H A N I C S . . . .............................................. 3 2 0 - 320 NA NA NA NA NA NA

AUTO M ECH AN ICS' A P P R E N T IC E S .............. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

DATA PROCESSING MACHINE

R E P A IR E R S .. ....................................................... * _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA

FARM IMPLEMENT MECHANICS ....................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

HEAVY EQUIPMENT MECHANICS

INCLUDING D IE S E L .................................... 4 6 0 _ 4 6 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE M E C H A N IC S ... 7 0 - 7 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

LOOM F I X E R S ........................................................... ... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

O F F I C E MACH INE R E P A I R E R S ........................ 8 0 * 8 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

RADIO, TV REPA IR E R S ....................................... * * * NA NA NA NA NA NA

R A I L R O A D CAR SH OP R E P A I R E R S .............. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA

M ECH AN ICS, EXCLUDING AUTO

A P P R E N T I C E S ........................................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA ! NA

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
V E TE R A N S A D M IN IS T R A T IO N N A T IO N A L I N S T IT U T E S O F HEALTH

IEALTH CARE EXT! PAMURAL P i IOGRAH D IR E C T C3P E R A T IO H S

O C C U P A T IO N

T O TA L D IR E C T I N D I R E C T T O T A L D IR E C T I N D IR E C T

C O N S T R U C T IO N

GRANTS

N IH

S T A F F I N D IR E C T

OTHER H EC H A N IC S AND R E P A I R E R S ... 2 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

P R I N T I N G C R A F T W O R K E R S ........................................... 3 4 0 _

3 4 0 4 5 0 N A 2 9 0 * 8 0

B O O K B I N D E R S ............................................................................. - * N A - N A N A NA N A

C O M P O S IT O R S AND T Y P E S E T T E R S ................ 1 4 0 - 1 4 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

B L E C T R O T Y P E R S , S T E R E O T Y P E P S ................

* - * N A - N A N A N A N A

EN G R A Y E R S E X C E PT P H O T O E N G R A VE R S. * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

P H O T O E N G R A VE R S, L I T H O G R A P H E R S ... * - * N A - NA j N A N A N A

P R IN T IN G P R E S S O P E R A T O R S ........................... 1 2 0 * 1 2 0 N A - NA j N A N A N A

P R IN T IN G P R E S S A P P R E N T IC E S ....................

- * N A - N A N A N A N A

P R IN T IN G A P P R E N T IC E S , E X C E PT

P R E S S O P E R A T O R S ..................................................

* - N A - N A N A NA N A

T R A N S P O R T A T IO N , P U B L IC U T I L I T Y

C R A F T W O R K E R S .......................................................... 3 8 0

_ 3 8 0 3 1 0

_

1 6 0 9 0 _ 6 0

E L E C T R IC POWER L I N E I N S T A L L E R S 

A N D R E P A I R E R S .......................................................... 8 0 _ 8 0 N A _

N A N A _ N A

L O C O M O T IV E E N G IN E E R S ..........................................

* - * NA - N A N A - N A

LO C O M O T IV E E N G IN E E R S ' H E L P E R S .. . * - * N A - N A N A - N A

POWER S T A T IO N O P E R A T O R S ...............................

- NA - N A N A - N A

TELEPH ON E I N S T A L L E R S , R E P A IR E R S . 2 2 0 - 2 2 0 N A - N A N A - N A

T E L E P H IN E L IN E I N S T A L L E R S ,

S P L I C E R S ............................................................................

* - * N A - N A N A - N A

O T H E R C R A F T W O R K E R S ...................................................... 1 , 0 3 0 2 1 0 1 , 0 3 0 8 0 0 * 4 6 0 1 9 0 * 9 0

B A K E R S ................................................................................................ N A 1 7 0 * N A N A N A N A N A N A

C A B IN E T M A K E R S .....................................................................

* - * NA N A N A N A N A N A

C A RP ET I N S T A L L E R S .....................................................

* - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

C R A N E , D E R R IC K , H O IS T O P E R A T O R S . 9 0 - 9 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

D E C O R A T O R S , WINDOW D R E S S E R S ................ - * N A N A N A N A NA N A

DENTAL LA B O R A TO R Y T E C H N I C I A N S ... 1 5 0 - 1 5 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

F U R N IT U R E AND WOOD F I N I S H E R S . . . . - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

F U R R I E R S ........................................................................................ - - - N A N A N A N A N A N A

G L A Z I E R S ........................................................................................ * - * N A N A N A N A NA N A

I N S P E C T O R S , LOG AND LU M BER .................... * - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

I N S P E C T O R S , O T H E R ...................................................... 6 0 - 6 0 NA N A N A N A N A N A

JE W E L E R S AND W ATCH M AK ERS ........................... 6 0 - 6 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

M IL L E R S , G R A IN , F L O U R , F E E D ................

* - * N A N A N A N A NA N A

M OTION P IC T U R E P R O J E C T I O N I S T S . .. * - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

O P T I C I A N S , LE N S G R IN D E R S , AND 

P O L I S H E R S ......................................................................... 1 4 0 _

1 4 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

P IA N O , ORGAN T U N E R S , R E P A I R E R S .. * - * N A N A N A N A NA N A

S H I P F I T T E R S ............................................................................. * - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

SHOE R E P A I R E R S .................................................................

- * NA N A N A N A N A N A

S IG N P A IN T E R S AND L E T T E R E R S ................

* - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S ........................................... 1 2 0 - 1 2 0 N A N A N A N A NA N A

STONE C U T T E R S , ST O N E C A R V E R S . . . . * - * NA N A N A N A N A N A

T A I L O R S ................................... .......................................................

* - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

U P H O L S T E R E R S ......................................................................... 1 2 0 * 1 2 0 NA N A N A N A N A N A

CR AF T AND K IN D R E D WORKERS N E C . . . 5 0 * 5 0 N A N A N A N A N A NA

C R A F T A P P R E N T I C E S N E C ....................................... *

-

* N A N A N A N A N A N A

O P E R A T I V E S ................................................................................................... 9 , 2 1 0 2 2 0 8 , 9 9 0 8 , 7 2 0 -

5 , 3 1 0 2 , 0 7 0 3 3 0 1 , 0 1 0

O P E R A T I V E S , E X C E PT T R A N S P O R T .................... 6 , 4 2 0 -

6 , 4 2 0 6 , 5 8 0 -

4 , 2 1 0 1 , 6 0 0 - 7 8 0

S E M I S K I L L E D M E T A L W O R K I N G ................................... 7 U 0 _

7 4 0 9 1 0 - 4 5 0 3 8 0 - ° 0

D R I L L P R E S S O P E R A T I V E S ................................... 5 0 - 5 0 NA - N A N A - N A

FU RN ACE T E N D E R S , S M E L T E R S ,

A N D P O U R E R S ................................................................. *

_

* N A _ N A N A _ N A

G R IN D IN G M ACH IN E O P E R A T I V E S ................ 8 0 - 8 0 N A - N A N A - N A

H E A T E R S , M E T A L .................................................................

- * N A - N A N A - N A

LATH E AND H IL L I N G M ACHINE

O P E R A T I V E S ..................................................................... 9 0

_

9 0 N A _ N A N A _ N A

METAL P L A T E R S .....................................................................

* - * N A - N A N A - N A

OTHER P R E C IS IO N M ACHINE

O P E R A T O R S ..................................................................... *

_ * N A _ NA N A _ N A

PUNCH S T A M P IN G P R E S S O P E R A T O R S .. 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 N A - N A N A - N A

S O L D E R E R S .................................................................................... 5 0 - 5 0 N A - N A N A - NA

W E L D E R S A N D F L A M E C U T T E R S ........................ 2 7 0 -

2 7 0 N A - N A N A “ N A

S E M IS K IL L E D T E X T IL E W O RK ERS ........................ 2 8 0 - 2 8 0 1 2 0 - 8 0 * * *

C A R D IN G , L A P P IN G , C O M B IN G ........................

* - * N A - N A N A N A N A

K N I T T E R S , L O O P E R S , AND T O P P E R S .. * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

S P IN N E R S , T W IS T E R S , W IN D E R S ................ 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 NA - N A N A N A N A

W E A V E R S ............................................................................................ * - * NA - N A N A NA N A

OTHER T E X T IL E O P E R A T I V E S ........................... 1 1 0 1 1 0 NA - N A N A N A N A

S E M IS K IL L E D PA C K IN G AND

I N S P E C T I N G ..................................................................... 1 , 1 8 0

.

1 , 1 8 0 1 , 0 5 0 7 2 0 1 9 0

.

1 4 0

C H E C K E R S , E X A M IN E R S , E X C E PT MFG. 5 7 0 - 5 7 0 NA - n a N A - N A

G R A D E R S A N D S O R T E R S , M F G ............................ - * NA - N A N A - N A

MEAT W R A P P E R S , R E T A I L T R A D E ................ - - - NA - N A N A - N A

P A C K E R S , W R A P P E R S , E X C E PT M E A T .. 5 6 0 - 5 6 0 N A - N A N A - N A

GROCERY PRODUCE P A C K E R S ...............................

*

-

* NA N A N A ~ N A

OTHER O P E R A T I V E S , E X C E P T

T R A N S P O R T ......................................................................... 4 , 2 1 0 2 1 0 4 , 2 1 0 4 , 7 6 0

.

2 , 9 6 0 1 , 0 2 0 2 5 0 5 3 0

A S B E S T O S , IN S U L A T IO N W O R K E R S .... * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

A S S E M B L E R S ................................................................................ 1 9 0 - 7 9 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

B L A S T E R S ........................................................................................ * -

* N A - N A N A N A N A

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
VE TE RA N S A D M IN IS T R A T IO N N A T IO N A L I N S T IT U T E S O F HEI ILTH

HEALTH CA RE EXTRAM U RAL PROGRAM D IR E C T i P E R A T 1 0 N S

O C C U P A T IO N

T O T A L D IR E C T I N D IR E C T T O TA L D IR E C T IN D I R E C T

C O N S TR U C TIO N

GRANTS

N IH

S T A F F IN D I R E C T

B O T T L I N G , CAN N IN G O P E R A T I V E S . . . . *

_ N A - N A N A N A N A

S U R V E Y O R S ' H E L P E R S .................................................. * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

C L O T H IN G IB O N E R S AND P P E S S E B S . . . * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

C U T T I N G O P E R A T I V E S N E C ................................... 1 8 0 - 1 8 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

D R E S S M A K E R S , E X C E P T F A C T O R Y ................ * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

D R I L L E R S , E A R T H .............................................................

* - * N A - N A N A N A N A

DRY WALL I N S T A L L E R S , L A T H E R E R S .. * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

D R Y E R S ............................................................................................... - * NA - N A N A N A N A

F I L E R S , P O L I S H E R S , S A N D E R S , AN D. 

B U F F E R S ................................................................................ 1 0 0 1 0 0 N A _ N A N A N A N A

GARAGE WORKERS AND GAS

S T A T I O N A T T E N D A N T S ....................................... * _ * N A _ N A N A N A N A

L A U N D R Y , D R Y C L E A N IN G O P E R A T I V E S . * - * NA - N A N A N A N A

H E A T C U TTE R S AND BU TCHERS

E X C E P T M F G ................................................................. N A 1 5 0 * NA _ N A N A N A N A

H E A T C U T T E R S , B U T C H E R S , H F G .................... - * N A - N A N A N A N A

M I L L I N E R S .................................................................................... - - - N A - N A N A N A N A

M INE O P E R A T IV E S N E C .............................................. 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

M I X I N G O P E R A T I V E S ...................................................... 7 0 - 7 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

O I L E R S , G R E A S E R S , EX C E PT A U T O . . . * - * NA - N A N A N A N A

P A I N T E R S , MANUFACTURED A R T I C L E S . 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

P H O T O G R A PH IC P R O C E S S W O R K E R S .... 6 0 - 6 0 N A - N A N A NA N A

R IV E T E R S AND F A S T E N E R S ...................................

* - NA - NA N A N A N A

S A IL O R S AND D E C K H AN D S ...................................... * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

S A W Y E R S ........................................................................................... 6 0 - 6 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

SEW ERS AND S T IT C H E R S .......................................... 2 7 0 - 2 7 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

SHOEM AK IN G M ACHINE O P E R A T I V E S ... * - * N A - N A N A N A N A

FURN ACE T E N D E R S , S T O K E R S ,

E X E C E P T M E T A L .......................................................... 5 0

_ 5 0 N A _ N A N A N A N A

W IN D IN G O P E R A T IV E S N E C ................................... 7 0 - 7 0 N A - N A N A NA N A

M ISC E LL A N EO U S M ACH IN E O P E R A T O R .. 1 , 1 1 0 - 1 , 1 1 0 N A - N A N A N A N A

O P E R A T I V E S N E C ................................................................. 8 4 0 6 0 8 4 0 N A " N A N A N A N A

T R A N S P O R T EQU IPM EN T O P E R A T O R S ................ 2 5 0 - 2 , 5 7 0 1 , 8 9 0 1 , 1 1 0 4 7 0 7 0 2 3 0

B O A T O P E R A T O R S ................................................................. * - * N A N A N A n a NA N A

B U S D R I V E R S ............................................................................ 6 0 0 - 6 0 0 NA N A N A N A N A N A

CONDU CTORS AND O P E R A T O R S ,

URBAN R A I L .....................................................................

* _ * N A N A N A N A N A N A

D E L IV E R Y AND RO U TE WORKERS .................... N A « 4 1 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

FORK L I F T , TOW MOTOR O P E R A T O R S .. 1 7 0 - 1 7 0 NA N A N A N A NA N A

R A IL V E H IC L E O P ER A TO R S N E C ....................

* - * NA N A N A N A N A N A

P A R K I N G A T T E N D A N T S .................................................. - * N A N A NA N A N A N A

R A IL R O A D BRAKE OP ER A TO R S

A N D C O U P L E R S ............................................................. * _ N A N A N A N A N A N A

R A I L R O A D S W I T C H O P E R A T O R S ........................ * - * N A N A NA N A N A N A

T A X IC A B D R I V E R S , C H A U F F E U R S ................ M O - 4 1 0 N A N A N A N A NA N A

TRUCK D R I V E R S . . ............................................................. 8 9 0 -

8 9 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

S E R V I C E W O R K E R S ................................................................................ 5 1 , 6 3 0 4 6 , 0 0 0 5 , 6 3 0 6 , 5 8 0 9 0 0 4 , 0 8 0 3 8 0 7 1 0 5 3 0

C L E A N IN G S E R V IC E W O RK ERS ................................... 1 , 3 8 0 _ 1 , 3 8 0 1 , 6 5 0 1 3 0 1 , 2 0 0 1 5 0 1 7 0

LO D G IN G QU ARTERS C L E A N E R S ,

E X C E P T P R I V A T E ..................................................... 1 1 0 _

1 1 0 NA N A N A N A N A N A

B U IL D IN G IN T E R IO R CLE A N E RS N E C .. 4 7 0 - 4 7 0 NA N A N A N A N A N A

J A N I T O R S A N D S E X T O N S .......................................... N A * 8 1 0 NA N A NA N A N A N A

F O O D S E R V I C E W O P K E R S .................................................. 1 5 , 5 7 0 1 4 , 1 5 0 1 , 4 2 0 1 , 7 2 0 9 0 1 , 3 6 0 1 5 0 * 1 0 0

b a r t e n d e r s ................................................................................ 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

W A I T E R S * A S S I S T A N T S .............................................. 5 0 - 5 0 NA N A N A N A N A N A

CO O K S , E X C E PT P R I V A T E ....................................... 2 , 4 9 0 2 , 1 0 0 3 9 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

D IS H W A S H E R S ............................................................................ 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 N A N A N A N A NA N A

FOOD C O U N T E R , FO U N TAIN W O R K E R S .. 9 0 - 9 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

W A I T E R S , W A I T R E S S E S .............................................. 5 1 0 - 5 1 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

FOOD WORKERS N E C , E X CEPT

P R I V A T E ................................................................................ 1 2 , 2 1 0 1 2 , 0 5 0 1 6 0 N A N A N A N A NA N A

HEALTH S E R V IC E W O RK ER S .......................................... 2 , 0 1 0 3 1 , 8 4 0 2 , 0 1 0 2 , 2 9 0 6 8 0 9 1 0 * 5 6 0 1 4 0

D EN TAL A S S I S T A N T S ...................................................... 1 , 0 4 0 - 1 , 0 4 0 * - * - - *

HEALTH A I D E S , E X C E P T N U R S I N G . . . . 1 , 1 1 0 9 7 0 1 4 0 4 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 - 2 7 0 *

H E A L T H T R A I N E E S .............................................................. * - * - * - - -

L A Y M I D W I V E S ......................................................................... * * NA - - - - -

N U RSES* A I D E S , O R D E R L I E S ........................... 5 7 0 - 5 7 0 9 9 0 1 9 0 5 0 0 * 2 4 0 f O

P R A C T IC A L N U P S E S ......................................................... 3 1 , 1 0 0 3 0 , 8 4 0 2 6 0 7 6 0 4 0 0 2 9 0 5 0

P E R S O N A L S E R V I C E W O R K E R S ................................... 5 8 0 - 5 8 0 5 7 0 _ 4 6 0 * - 7 0

F L IG H T A T T E N D A N T S .....................................................

- * N A - N A N A - N A

A T T E N D A N T S , R E C R E A T IO N AND

AM U SEM EN T ........................................................................

* _ * N A - N A NA

_ N A

A T T E N D A N T S , PE R SO N AL

S E R V I C E N E C ................................................................. *

_ * NA _ N A N A _ N A

BAGGAGE P O RT ER S AND B E L L H O P S . . . . * - NA - N A N A - N A

B A R B E R S ........................................................................................... * - * N A - N A N A - N A

B O A R D IN G , L O D G IN G H O U S E K E E P E R S .. * - * N A - N A N A - N A

B O O T B L A C K S ................................................................................ - - - N A - N A N A - N A

C H IL D C A R E W O RK ER S, EXC E PT

P R I V A T E ................................................................................ 3 3 0 I 3 3 0 I N A - N A N A - N A

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
f .......................... ....................... ......- ....................... ........

V E TE RA N S A D M IN IS T R A T IO N N A T IO N A L I N S T I T U T E S OF HEALTH

iEALTH CARE E X T R A M U R A L PIROGRAM D IR E C T O P E R A T IO N S

O C C U P A T IO N

T O TA L D IR E C T I N D IR E C T T O T A L D IR E C T IN D IR E C T

C O N S T R U C T IO N

GRANTS

N IH

S T A F F I N D IR E C T

E LE TA TO B O P E R A T O R S .................................................. * _ * N A _ N A N A _ N A

H A IR D B E S S E B S , C O S M E T O L O G IS T S _______ * - * N A - N A N A - N A

H O U S E K E E P E R S , E X C E P T P R I V A T E ---------- 7 0 - 7 0 N A - N A N A - N A

PE R SO N A L S E R V IC E A P P R E N T I C E S . . . . - - - NA - N A N A - N A

S C H O O L M O N I T O R S . . ...................................................... * - * N A - N A N A - N A

U S H E R S , R E C R E A T IO N , A H U S B H E N T .. . * - * N A - N A N A - N A

W ELFARE S E R Y IC B A I D E S ....................................... * -

* N A N A N A N A

P R O T E C T I V E S E R V I C E W O R K E R S ............................ 2 4 0 _

2 4 0 3 6 0 * 1 5 0 * 1 2 0

C R O S S IN G G U A R D S , B R ID G E T E N D B R S . . * - N A N A N A N A N A N A

r i r b r i g h t e r s .........................................................................

- * N A N A N A N A N A N A

G U A R D S ................................................................................................ 2 2 0 - 2 2 0 N A N A N A N A N A N A

M ARSH ALS AND C O N S T A B L E S ...............................

- - - NA N A N A N A N A N A

P O L I C E A N D D E T E C T I V E S ....................................... * - * N A N A N A N A N A N A

S H E R I F F S A N D B A I L I F F S ....................................... - * - N A N A N A N A N A N A

P R IV A T E HOUSEHOLD W O RK ERS ...............................

- _ _ N A N A N A N A NA N A

C H I L D C A R E W O R K E R S .................................................. - - - N A N A N A N A N A N A

C O O K S , P R I V A T B ................................................................. - - - NA N A N A N A N A N A

H O U S E K E E P E R S , P R I V A T E .......................................

- - - N A N A N A N A N A N A

1 A U N D E R E R S , P R I V A T E ............................................... - - - N A N A N A N A N A N A

P R IV A T E HOUSEHOLD C LEAN ERS

AND S E R V A N T S ............................................................. - - - N A N A N A N A N A N A

L A B O R E R S , E X C E PT F A R M .............................................. 2 , 4 3 0 4 5 0 1 , 9 8 0 7 , 6 0 0 3 , 5 4 0 1 , 7 5 0 1 , 1 2 0 8 0 0 4 0 0

A N I M A L C A R E T A K E R S ...................................................... * - 1 , 7 3 0 7 8 0 6 2 0 * 2 9 0 *

C A R P E N T E R S ' H E L P E R S .............................................. 8 0

- 8 0 2 0 0 - *. 1 9 0 - *

C O N S TR U C TIO N L A B O R E R S , E X C E P T 

C A R P E N T E R S ' H E L P E R S ................................... 3 8 0 3 8 0 6 6 0 1 0 0 5 4 0 _

F I S H E R S , H U N T E R S , AND T R A P P E R S .. * - * * - * - *

F R E I G H T M A T E R I A L H A N D L E R S ........................ 5 0 0 - 5 0 0 5 0 0 - 3 0 0 1 4 0 - 6 0

G A R B A G E C O L L E C T O R S .................................................. * - * * - * * - *

GARDEN ERS AND G R O U N D S K E E P E R S .... 1 3 0 - 1 3 0 2 6 0 - 9 0 * - 1 5 0

LONGSHORE WORKERS AND

S T E V E D O R E S ..................................................................... _ *

_

* *

_

*

T IM B E R C U T T IN G AND LO GGIN G

W O RK ERS ................................................................................

_

* *

_

* * _ *

S T O C K H A N D L E R S ..................................................................... 1 6 0 - 1 6 0 3 5 0 - 2 6 0 6 0 - *

T E A M S T E R S .................................................................................... * - * * - * * - *

V E H IC L E AND E Q U IP M E N T , WASHERS 

AND C L B A N E R S ............................................................. 1 0 0 _ 1 0 0 9 0 _

6 0 *

_

*

WAREHOUSE LA B O R E R S N E C ................................... 9 0

- 9 0 8 0 - 5 0 - *

OTHER L A B O R E R S ................................................................. 3 6 0 -3 6 0 3 , 6 1 0 2 , 7 7 0 1 9 0 1 1 0 5 1 0 *

FA R M E R S AND FARM W O RK ER S .............................................. 1 , 3 1 0 - 1 , 3 1 0 8 4 0 - 5 3 0 7 0 - 2 5 0

F A R M E R S A N D M A N A G E R S .................................................. 7 3 0 _7 3 0 NA _ N A N A _ N A

FARM ERS (OWNERS AND T E N A N T S ) . . . . 7 1 0 - 7 1 0 N A - N A N A - N A

FARM M AN A G E R S .....................................................................

*

~

* N A N A N A - H A

FARM LA B O R E R S AND LABOR

S U P E R V I S O R S ................................................................. 5 8 0 5 8 0 NA N A N A N A

FARM LA B O R S U P E R V I S O R S ................................... * - * NA - N A N A - N A

FARM L A B O R E R S , WAGE W O RK ERS ................ 3 7 0 - 3 7 0 N A - N A N A - N A

FARM L A B O R E R S , U N P A ID F A M I L Y . . . . . 2 0 0 - 2 0 0 N A - N A N A - N A

FARM L A B O R E R S , S E L F - E M P L O Y E D .. .. - - - N A - N A N A - N A

SEE FOOTNOTES AT END OP TABLE.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION

HANPO HER INS TITU TIO N A L TRAIN IN G NATIONAL AERONAUTICS ANI) SPACE AD M INISTRATION

TOTAL DIRECT1

1INDIRECT

TO SPACE

TOTAL

ALLOHANCES

P U R -

CHASES

TAL PR0G RAH SHUTTLE PROGRAM

TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T

TO TA L, ALL OCCUPATIONS......................................... 2 6 , n o 1 3 ,0 7 0 1 2 ,6 7 0 1 0 ,2 3 0 2 , 0 1 0 1 8 8 , 1 5 0 2 7 , 7 5 0 1 6 0 , 4 0 0 1 2 , 9 2 0 - 2 , 2 5 0 1 0 , 6 7 0

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL H O R N E R S ... 8 , 2 2 0 7 , 0 9 0 1 ,1 3 0 7 5 0 3 8 0 5 6 , 0 9 0 1 8 ,4 4 0 3 8 , 0 5 0 3 , 9 6 0 1 ,8 6 0 2 , 1 0 0

ENGINBEP.S, TECHNICAL...................................... 1 2 0 _ 1 2 0 80 0 0 2 5 , 2 0 0 1 0 ,4 3 0 1 tt, 8 1 0 2 , 0 9 0 1 ,3 0 0 7 9 0

ENGINEERS, A E R O -A ST R O N A U T IC A L .. . * - 4c 4c 4c 9 , 6 6 0 4 8 0 4 , 7 8 0 8 5 0 6 4 0 2 1 0

ENGINEERS, CHEMICAL................................... - 4c * 4c 3 7 0 * 3 7 0 4c 4c 4c

ENGINEERS, C I V I L ............................................ * - 4< * 4> 5 8 0 4c 5 8 0 * - 4c

ENGINEERS, E LE C T R IC A L............................. * - 4c # 4c 5 ,8 3 0 2 , 3 3 0 3 , 6 0 0 4 3 0 2 4 0 1 9 0

EN GINEERS, IN D U S T R IA L............................. * - 4c 4c * 1 ,0 0 0 1 00 1 ,3 0 0 1 0 0 4c 1 0 0

ENGINEERS, MECHANICAL............................. - 4c * 4c 2 , 3 2 0 1 30 2 , 1 9 0 1 9 0 * 1 9 0

ENGINEERS, METALLURGICAL..................... * - 4c 4c * 5 3 0 3 00 2 3 0 4c * 4c

ENGINEERS, MINING......................................... * - 4c - - - - - - 4c

ENGINEERS, PETROLEUM................................ * - * 4c * - - - 4c - 4t

ENGINEERS, SA LE S............................................ * - 4c 4c 4c 1 3 0 - 1 3 0 4c - 4c

ENGINEERS, OTHER............................................ * -

4c * 4c 0 , 3 5 0 2 ,7 6 0 1 ,5 9 0 4 6 0 3 8 0 8 0

L IF E AND PHTSICAL S C IE N T IS T S ............... * - 4c 4c 4c 5 ,0 1 0 1 ,4 2 0 3 , 5 9 0 1 4 0 100 4 0

AGRICULTURAL S C IE N T IS T S ........................ * - 4c 4c - 4c 4c - 4c 4c -

ATMOSPHERIC, SPACE S C I E N T I S T S ... - - - - - 1 , 7 1 0 1 , 7 1 0 4> *

BIOLOGICAL S C IE N T IS T S .............................. * - 4c * 4c 7 0 7 0 - 4c 4c 4c

CH EM ISTS.................................................................. * - 4c * 6 3 0 90 5 4 0 4c 4c

G E O LO G ISTS............................................................. * - 4c 4c 4c 2 0 0 - 2 4 0 4c _ 4c

MARINE S C IE N T IS T S ......................................... - - - - - - 4c - - - -

P H Y S IC IS T S AND ASTRONOMERS............ .. * - * 4c 4> 1 ,6 2 0 8 7 0 7 5 0 4c * 4c

L IF E , PHYSICAL S C IE N T IS T S N E C ... - - ~ 6 2 0 3 8 0 2 4 0 4c 6 0 4c

MATHEMATICAL S P E C IA L IS T S ........................... * _ 4c 4c 1 ,2 1 0 8 5 0 3 6 0 4c 4c

ACTU ARIES................................................................ * - * 4c - - - - - _ _

MATHEMATICIANS.................................................. - 4c - - 1 ,1 0 0 8 5 0 2 5 0 4c 30 4c

S T A T IS T IC IA N S .................................................... * 4c 4c 4c 1 00 4c ! 1 0 0 4c

-

4c

ENGINEERING AND SCIEN CE

T E CH N ICIAN S................................................. 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 7 0 4c 9 , 0 7 0 4 , 0 7 0 5 , 0 0 0 6 4 0 3 0 0 3 4 0

AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL

T E C H N IC IA N S.................................................. - 4c * * 4c 4c _ 4c - 4c

CHEMICAL TE C H N IC IA N S................................

- 4> 4c 4c 1 8 0 4c 1 8 0 4c 4c

d r a f t e r s ................................................................... * - : 4c 4c 4c 1 ,7 6 0 4c 1 , 7 6 0 1 3 0 4c 1 3 0

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

TEC H N IC IA N S.................................................. * - 4c 4c 4c - - - - - -

IN D U STRIAL ENGINEERING

TEC H N IC IA N S.................................................. - * 4c 4c 3 , 1 7 0 1 ,7 6 0 1 , 4 1 0 1 5 0 6 0 90

MATHEMATICAL TE C H N IC IA N S..................... - 4c 4c 4c 1 6 0 4c 1 6 0 4c 4c 4c

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

TECH N ICIAN S.................................................. - - - - - 7 0 7 0 _ 4> * 4c

SURVEYORS................................................................ - - - - - 8 1 0 7 0 0 1 1 0 4> 7 0 *

ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

TECHNICIANS NEC...................................... * -

4c 4c 4c 1 3 0 - 1 3 0 4c -

4c

MEDICAL HORNERS, EXCEPT

t e c h n i c i a n s .................................................. 2 5 0 90 1 6 0 1 5 0 4c 2 , 7 0 0 1 ,4 8 0 1 , 2 2 0 2 3 0 150 80

CH IROPRACTORS.................................................... * - 4c 4c - 3 3 0 4< 3 3 0 - 4c

D E N T IS T S.................................................................. * - 4> 4c - - - - - - -

D IE T IT IA N S ............................................................. - 4c 4c - - _ - - _ _

O PTOM ETRISTS....................................................... . * * 4c 4c - - - - - _ _

PH ARM ACISTS.......................................................... * - 4c 4< - - - - - _ -

P H Y S IC IA N S , HD OSTEOPATHS.................. * - 4c * 4c - - - * _

P O D IA T R IS T S .......................................................... * * * 4c 4> 4> 7 0 4c - 4c

REGISTERED NURSES......................................... NA 7 0 70 * - - - - - _

T H E R A P IST S ............................................................. * 4c 4c 4c - 4c 4> 1 6 0 4> _ 4c

VETERIN ARIAN S.................................................... * * 4> 4c - - - - 4c - 4c

OTHER MEDICAL AND HEALTH

HORNERS............................................................. * -

* *

* - - -

HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND

TEC H N IC IA N S.................................................. - * - 1 5 0 4c 1 5 0 - - _

C L IN IC A L LAB T E C H N IC IA N S..................... * - 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c - *

DENTAL H Y G IE N IST S......................................... * - 4c 4c - - - - 4c _ 4c

HEALTH RECORD TE C H N IC IA N S.................. * - 4c 4c - - - - - - _

RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS AND

TE C H N IC IA N S.................................................. 4c * - - - - - - -

THERAPY A S SIS T A N T S......................................

- 4c * - - - _ _ _ -

OTHER HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND

TECHNICIANS NEC...................................... * 4c * 4c 4c 4c 1 1 0 4c

-

4c

TECH N ICAN S, EXCEPT HEALTH........................ * _ 4c 4c 4c 5 5 0 8 0 4 7 0 4t 4c 4c

AIRPLANE P IL O T S ............................................... * - 4c 4< 2 2 0 4< 2 2 0 4c _ 4c

A IR T R A F F IC CONTROLLERS........................ - - - - - - - - _ _ _

EHBALRERS................................................................ * - 4c 4> - - - _ _ _

f l i g h t e n g i n e e r s ............................................ * - 4c * - 6 1 0 - 6 1 0 4c _ 4c

RADIO OPERATORS............................................... - 4c 4c 4c - - 4< * *

TOOL PROGRAMMERS, NUMERICAL............ - - - - - - _ _ 4c _ 4c

OTHER TECHNICANS EXCEPT H E A LTH .. *

4c 4c 4c 1 9 0 7 0 1 2 0 4c *

COMPUTER S P E C IA L IS T S ...................................... 5

- 5 4> 4c 2 , 3 2 0 2 0 0 2 , 1 2 0 1 3 0 4> 1 3 0

COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS................................ * - 4c 4> 4< 1 ,3 8 0 1 2 0 1 , 2 6 0 8 0 4c 8 0

COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS.................. * - 4c 4c 4c 7 6 0 6 0 7 0 0 5 0 4c 50

OTHER COMPUTER S P E C IA L IS T S ............... * *

4> 4c 4c 1 1 0 4c 1 1 0 * 4c 4c

SO CIAL S C IE N T IS T S ............................................... * * 4c 4c * 4 5 0 50 4 0 0 4c _ *

ECONOM ISTS............................................................. * - 4c 4c 4c 3 3 0 4c 3 3 0 ' * _ 4c

P O L IT IC A L S C IE N T IS T S ................................ - - - - - - - I -

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION

MANPOWER IN S TITUTIONAL TRAINING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADM INISTRATION

TOTAL DIRECT1

IN D IRECT

SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM

TOTAL

ALLOWANCES

p u r ­

c h a s e s

TO TAL PROG RAM

TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IN D IRECT

PSYCH O LO G ISTS.................................................... * * * * * * _ * _ *

S O C IO L O G IS T S....................................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

URBAN AND REGIONAL PIANNERS............ * - * - - - - - * - *

OTHER SO C IA L S C IE N T IS T S ........................ - - " -

*

“ ~

TEACHERS......................................................................... NA 5 ,8 3 0 * * _ 8 4 0 * 8 4 0 70 _ 7 0

ADULT EDUCATION.............................................. * - * * - * * • - * - *

AGRICULTURE.......................................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

AR T, DRAHA, M U SIC ......................................... - - - - - - - - * - *

ATM OSPHERIC, EARTH, AND

MARINE SC IE N C E ......................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

BIO LO G Y..................................................................... - - - - - - - - * - *

B U S IN E S S, COMMERCE...................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

CHEM ISTRY................................................................ - - - - - - - - * - *

COACHES, PH YSICAL EDUCATION............

- - - - - - - - * - *

ECONOMICS................................................................ - - - - - - - - - - -

EDUCATION................................................................ - - - - - - - - - - -

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL......................................... * - * * - - - - * - *

ENGINEERING.......................................................... - - - - - 2 8 0 - 2 8 0 - - -

ENGLISH ...................................................................... - - - - - - - * - *

FOREIGN LANGUAGE............................................ - - - - - - - - * - *

HEALTH S P E C IA L T IE S ...................................... - - - - - - - - * - *

H ISTO R Y ...................................................................... - - - - - - - - * - *

HOME ECONOMICS................................................. - - - - - - - - - - -

LAW................................................................................. - - - - - - - - - - -

MATHEMATICS.......................................................... - - - - - 1 2 0 - 1 2 0 * - *

P H Y S IC S ..................................................................... - - - - - 1 8 0 - 1 8 0 - - -

PRESCHOOL, KINDERGARTEN........................ * - * - - - - * - *

PSYCHOLOGY............................................................. - - - - - - - - - - -

SECONDARY SCHOOL............................................ - * * - - - - - - -

SO CIOLOGY................................................................ - - - - - - - - - - -

SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS NEC............ - - - - - - - - - - -

MISCELLANEOUS COLLEGE AND

U N IVERSITY TEACHERS.......................... - - - - - - - - - - -

COLLEGE AND UN IVERSITY

TEACHERS NEC.............................................. * - * - 2 5 0 - 2 5 0 - - -

THEOLOGY................................................................... - - - - - - - - - -

TRADE, IN D U S T R IA L ......................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

TEACHERS NEC, EXCEPT COLLEGE

AND U N IV E R S IT Y ......................................... *

-

* * * - -

W R ITE R S, A R T IS T S , E N T E R T A IN E R S .... 1 6 0 - 1 6 0 1 10 50 2 , 9 6 0 4 0 0 2 , 5 6 0 2 3 0 60 1 7 0

ACTORS......................................................................... * - * * * - - - * - *

ATHLETES AND KINDRED W O R K E R S .... * - * * * - - - * - *

AUTHORS...................................................................... * - * * * 2 3 0 60 1 7 0 * * *

DANCERS...................................................................... * - * * - - - - - - -

DESIG N ERS................................................................ * - * * * 5 0 0 - 5 0 0 * - *

EDITORS AND REPORTERS............................. - * * * 3 7 0 - 3 7 0 * * *

M USICIAN S AND COMPOSERS........................ - * * * - - - * *

PAINTERS AND SCU LPTORS..........................

* - * * * 3 5 0 * 3 5 0 * * *

PHOTOGRAPHERS.................................................... * - * * * 3 1 0 1 2 0 1 9 0 * * *

PUBLIC RELATIONS WORKERS AND

W RITERS............................................................. * * * 3 4 0 7 0 2 7 0 * * *

R A D IO , TV ANNOUNCERS................................ -* - * * * - - - * *

W R ITE R S, A R T IS T S , AND

ENTERTAINERS NEC.......................... .. . .

* * * * 8 1 0 120 6 9 0 * *

OTHER PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL

WORKERS............................................................. 1 ,5 8 0 1 ,1 7 0 4 1 0 2 2 0 190 8 , 3 2 0 8 8 0 7 , 4 4 0 4 7 0 * 4 7 0

a c c o u n t a n t s .......................................................... 2 0 0 10 0 1 0 7 0 * 2 , 7 4 0 3 7 0 2 , 3 7 0 1 5 0 - 1 5 0

A R CH ITECTS............................................................. * - * * 2 5 0 2 5 0 * - *

A R C H IV IST S AND CURATORS........................

- * * - * * - - - -

c l e r g y ......................................................................... * - * * * - - - 6 0 - 60

R E LIG O U S, EXCEPT CLERGY........................ * - * * * - - - * - *

FARM MANAGEMENT A D V ISO R S..................... - - - - - - - - - - -

FO RESTERS, C O N SE R V A TIO N ISTS............ * - * * - - - - * - *

HOME MANAGEMENT A D V ISO R S..................... * - * - - - - - - - -

JUDGES......................................................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

LAWYERS...................................................................... * - * * 1 ,3 1 0 9 0 1 ,2 2 0 5 0 * 5 0

L IB R A R IA N S ............................................................. * * * * * 3 3 0 * 3 3 0 *

O PERATIO N S, SYSTEMS R E S E A R C H .... * - * 9 0 0 8 0 8 2 0 60 * 60

PERSONNEL, LABOR RE LA TIO N S............... * * * * * 1 , 4 0 0 2 2 0 1 , 1 8 0 90 * 90

RESEARCH WORKERS NEC................................ * - * * 9 6 0 6 0 9 0 0 * * *

RECREATION WORKERS......................................

- - - - - 8 0 - 8 0 - - -

SOCIAL WORKERS.................................................. * * * * - - - * - *

VOCATIONAL COUNSELORS............................. * 1 ,0 4 0 * * * 2 7 0 2 7 0 *

-

*

MANAGERS, O F F IC IA L S , AND PROPRIETORS. 3 , 0 8 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,2 8 0 1 ,0 6 0 2 2 0 1 5 ,2 0 0 2, r 9 5 0 1 2 ,2 5 0 1 , 0 0 0 1 8 0 8 2 0

BUYERS, SALES AND LOAN M A N A G E R S ... 2 3 0 - 2 3 0 190 * 3 ,0 1 0 8 9 0 2 , 12C 1 6 0 * 1 6 0

BANK, FIN AN CIAL MANAGERS..................... * - * * * 4 9 0 - 4 9 0 * - *

CREDIT MANAGERS............................................... * - * 9 0 - 9 0 * - *

BUYERS, S H IP P E R S , FARM PRODUCTS. - * * * - - - * - *

BUYERS, WHOLESALE, R E T A IL .................. * - * * * 80 - 80 * - *

PURCHASING AGENTS, BUYERS N E C ... * * * * * 1 ,7 0 0 8 9 0 8 1 0 6 0 * 60

SALES MANAGERS, RETAIL TRADE-------- * - 5 0 50 * 8 0 - 8 0 * - *

SALES MANAGERS, EXCEPT

R E T A IL TRADE............................................... * - 6 0 * * 5 6 0 - 5 6 0 * -

*

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION

MANP<DWER INS T ITU TIO N A L TRAIN IN G NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADM INISTRATION

TOTAL d i r e c t 1

CNDTRECT

TOTAL PROGRAM SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM

TOTAL

ALLOWANCESP U R -

CHASES TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IN D IRECT

PU BLIC ADM IN ISTRATORS, IN SPE C TO R S. *

_ * * 2 , 8 2 0 1 ,9 1 0 9 1 0 * 1 20

A SSE SSO R S, CO N TRO LIEPS, AND

TREASURERS..................................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

CONSTRUCTION IN SPECTO RS........................ - - - - - * - * * -

HEALTH ADM INISTRATORS.............................. * - - - - - - - -

IN SPE C TO R S, EXCEPT PUBLIC

CONSTRUCTION............................................... - - - - - 5 7 0 5 7 0 * * -

PUBLIC ADM INISTRATORS AND

O F F IC IA L S NEC............................................ * - * * - 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 - * 80

POSTMASTERS AND MAIL

SU PE R V ISO R S................................................. * - * * * 9 0 - 9 0 * - *

SCHOOL ADM IN ISTRATO RS, C O L L E G E .. * - * * * 6 0 0 - 6 0 0 * -

SCHOOL AD M IN ISTRATORS,

ELEHENTAPY AND SECONDARY............ * 1 ,7 9 0 * -

* - - -

* -*

OTHER MANAGERS, O F F IC IA L S , AND

PRO PRIETO RS.................................................. 1 , 0 9 0 6 0 1 ,0 3 0 8 6 0 1 7 0 9 , 5 7 0 150 9 , 9 2 0 6 5 0 * 6 5 0

FUNERAL D IRECTO RS......................................... * - * * - - - - * - *

MANAGERS AND BU ILDIN G

SUPERINTENDENTS...................................... * - * * * 1 9 0 - 1 9 0 - *

O FFICE MANAGERS NEC................................... * - 6 0 * * 5 1 0 * 5 1 0 * -

O F F IC E R S, P IL O T S , PU RSERS, S H IP . * - * * - - - * - *

O F F IC IA L S OF LO D G ES, UN ION S............ * - * * - - - - - *

RAILROAD CONDUCTORS................................... * - * * * - - - * - *

RESTAURANT, CAFE , BAR MANAGERS.. NA * 9 0 80 * 1 9 0 - 1 9 0 * - *

OTHER MANAGERS, A D M IN IST R A T O R S .. 8 6 0 5 0 8 1 0 6 6 0 1 5 0 8 , 6 6 0 150 8 , 5 1 0 5 8 0 * 5 8 0

SALES WORKERS.......................................................... 1 , 0 8 0 - 1 ,0 8 0 9 5 0 1 3 0 3 , 9 7 0 * 3 , 9 7 0 * _ *

ADVERTISIN G AGENTS AND

SALES W O R K E R S .................................... - * * 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 * - *

AUCTIONEERS.......................................................... * - * - - - - * - *

d e m o n s t r a t o r s ....................................................

- * * - - - * - *

h u c k s t e r s a n d p e d d l e r s ........................... * - * * * - - - * -

INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND

UNDERWRITERS.............................................. 90 - 9 0 70 * 3 3 0 - 3 3 0 * - *

NEWSPAPER CARRIERS AND V E N D O RS.. * - * * * - - - * - *

REAL ESTATE AGENTS, BROKERS............ 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 90 * 9 3 0 * 9 3 0 - *

STOCK AND BOND SALES AGENTS............ * - * 7 0 - 7 0 * - *

SALES REPRESE N TA TIV E S, MFG............... 7 0 - 7 0 50 * 1 ,0 6 0 - 1 , 0 6 0 7 0 - 7 0

SALES REPRESEN TATIVES,

WHOLESALE TPADE...................................... 180 - 1 8 0 150 * 7 2 0 - 7 2 0 60 - 6 0

SALES CLERK S, R E TA IL TRADE............... 9 3 0 - 9 3 0 9 2 0 * 6 2 0 - 6 2 0 * - *

s a l b s w o r k e r s , r e t a i l t r a d e .

EXCEPT CLERKS................................................. 80 - 8 0 80 * 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 * - *

SALES WORKERS, SERVICE AND

CONSTRUCTION.............................................. * -

* * * 9 8 0 - 9 8 0 * -

*

CLERICAL WORKERS.......................................................... 5 , 3 1 0 3 ,0 6 0 2 , 2 5 0 1 ,7 9 0 5 1 0 3 0 , 9 9 0 - 3 0 , 9 9 0 2 , 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 , 0 0 0

STENOGRAPHERS, T Y P IS T S , AND

SE C R E TA R IE S.................................................. 1 ,9 9 0 1 ,3 5 0 5 9 0 9 9 0 1 5 0 1 9 , 8 6 0 9 , 9 2 0 1 0 , 9 9 0 7 9 0 1 90 6 5 0

SE C R E T A R IE S, LEGAL...................................... * - * * * 2 , 9 7 0 2 , 5 0 0 9 7 0 * - *

SE C R E T A R IE S, M EDICAL................................ * - * * - - - - * - *

SECRETARTES, OTHER...................................... 1 ,7 6 0 1 ,3 5 0 9 1 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 7 , 2 9 0 - 7 , 2 9 0 5 3 0 80 9 50

STENOGRAPHERS.................................................... * * * * * 1 ,8 3 0 1 ,5 9 0 2 9 0 * * *

T Y P IS T S ..................................................................... NA * 1 9 0 100 2 , 6 8 0 3 3 0 2 , 3 5 0 1 5 0 * 1 5 0

O FFICE MACHINE OPERATOFS.................... 5 3 0 9 30 1 0 0 70 2 , 6 7 0 6 30 2 , 0 9 C 1 9 0 * 19 0

BOOKKEEPING, B IL L IN G O P E R A TO R S.. 9 3 0 * * 1 6 0 60 1 0 0 * - *

CALCULATING MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ... * - * * * 60 - € 0 9 0 - 9 0

COMPUTER, PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

OPERATORS....................................................... * - * * * 6 2 0 - 6 2 0 * * *

DUPLICATING MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ... * - * * 1 5 0 50 1 0 0 * - *

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS...................................... NA * 5 0 * * 9 7 0 - 9 7 0 * - *

TABULATING MACHINE O P E R A T O R S .... * - * * - * * - * - *

OTHER O FFIC E MACHINE O PE R A T O R S.. *

-

* * 1 6 0 * 1 6 0 * *

OTHER C LERICAL WORKERS................................ 2 , 8 9 0 1 ,2 8 0 1 ,5 6 0 1 ,2 3 0 3 3 0 2 0 , 3 1 0 1 ,8 6 0 1 8 , 9 5 0 1 ,2 7 0 7 0 1 ,2 0 0

BANK T E LLE R S....................................................... * - * * * 2 1 0 - 21 C * - *

B IL L IN G CLEPKS.................................................. * - * * 2 1 0 - 2 1 0 * - *

BOOKKEEPERS.......................................................... NA * 28 0 230 * 2 ,6 6 0 1 7 0 2 , 9 9 0 1 6 0 * 1 6 0

C A SH IE R S................................................................... NA * 1 8 0 170 5 6 0 * 5 6 0 *

CLERICAL A S S IS T A N T S , SO CIAL

WELFARE............................................................. - - - - - - - - - - _

CLERICAL SU PERVISORS NEC..................... * - * * * 3 8 0 - 3 8 0 - *

COLLECTORS, B IL L AND A C C O U N T .... * - * * * 1 9 0 - 1 9 0 * - *

COUNTER CLERK S, EXCEPT FOOD............ 6 0 - 6 0 50 * 5 0 0 - 5 0 0 * - *

D ISPA TC H E R S, STARTERS, V E H IC L E .. * - * * 1 10 * 1 1 0 * - *

ENUMERATORS AND I N T E R V IE W E R S .... * - * * * 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 * - *

ESTIM A TO R S, IN VESTIG ATO RS N E C ... 50 - 5 0 * 7 1 0 * 7 1 0 50 - 50

E X P E D IT E R S, PRODUCE CONTROLLERS. * - * * * 1 ,5 0 0 - 1 , 5 0 0 1 3 0 _ 1 3 0

F IL E CLERKS.......................................................... NA 3 6 0 * * * 6 8 0 - 6 8 0 8 0 - 8 0

INSURANCE A D JU STERS, E X A M IN E R S.. * - * * * 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 * - *

LIBRARY ATTENDANTS, A S S I S T A N T ... * * * * * 5 1 0 50 9 6 0 * * *

MAIL C A R R IE R S, POST O F F IC E ............... 6 0 - 6 0 * * 6 9 0 - 6 9 0 - _ -

MAIL HANDLEPS, ECEPT

POST O F F IC E ................................................. * - * * 3 9 0 90 3 9 0 * * *

MESSENGERS AND O FFICE H E L P E R S ... -

* * 1 3 0 1 3 0 - *

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HANP<3WER IN STIT U T IO N A L TRAINING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS ANI> SPACE ADM INISTRATION

I NDIRECT

OCCUPATION ALLOW­ P U P - TC>TAL PROG RAH SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM

TOTAL DIRECT TOTAL ANCES CHASES TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IND IRECT

METER READEFS, U T I L I T IE S ..................... * _ * 7 0 _ 7 0 _

PAYROLL, TIHEKEEPIN G CLERKS............ * * * * * 5 4 0 6 0 4 8 0 * * *

POSTAL CLERKS..................................................... 7 0 - 7 0 * * 8 1 0 - 8 1 0 5 0 - 50

PROOFREADERS....................................................... * - * * * - - - - *

REAL ESTATE A P P R A ISE R S.......................... * - * * * - - - * - *

R E C E P T IO N IST S.................................................... NA * 7 0 50 * 7 6 0 * 7 6 0 * - *

S H IP P IN G , RECEIVIN G CLERKS............... 9 0 - 9 0 70 * 9 3 0 * 9 3 0 20 - 2 0

S T A T IS T IC A L CLERKS...................................... * * * * 8 2 0 110 7 1 C 5 0 * 5 0

STOCK c l e r k s , STOREKEEPERS............... 3 6 0 2 8 0 8 0 6 0 1 ,8 1 0 3 40 1 , 4 7 0 1 2 0 * 1 2 0

TEACHER A ID E S , EXCEPT HONITORS. . NA 6 2 0 * - * 2 1 0 - 2 1 0 * - *

TELEGRAPH MESSENGERS................................ * - * - - - - - - - -

TELEGRAPH OPERATOFS................................... * - * * * - - - * * *

TELEPHONE OPERATORS................................... NA * 8 0 60 2 1 , 1 4 0 * 1 , 1 4 0 6 0 - 60

TICKET STATION EXPRESS A G E N T S ... * - * * 3 0 0 - 3 0 0 * - *

WEIGHTERS................................................................ * - * * * 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 * - *

MISCELLANEOUS CLERICAL

WORKERS NEC................................................. no * * * * 3 ,1 4 0 1 ,0 1 0 2 , 1 3 0 * * 1 4 0

CRAFT WORKERS................................................................... VK * 1 ,5 2 0 1 ,1 5 0 3 7 0 2 5 , 7 6 0 1 ,0 3 0 2 4 , 7 3 0 1 , 8 9 0 - 1 , 8 9 0

CONSTRUCTION CRAFT WORKERS.................... NA * 2 5 0 190 60 4 , 4 5 0 2 4 0 4 , 2 1 0 2 9 0 _ 2 9 0

CARPENTERS............................................................. NA * 6 0 * 9 3 0 * 9 3 0 6 0 - 60

CARPENTERS' APPREN TICES........................ * * - - - - - - - - -

BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS...... * - * * 1 8 0 * 1 8 0 *

B R IC K , STONEMASON A P P R E N T IC E S ... - - - - - - - - - - -

BULLDOZER OPERATORS................. * - * 1 10 * 1 1 0 * - *

CEMENT AND CONCRETE F I N I S H E R S ... * - * * * 50 - 5 0 * - *

E L E C T R IC IA N S....................................................... NA * * * 1 ,3 8 0 1 4 0 1 ,2 4 0 100 - 1 0 0

E LE C T R IC IA N S' APPR E N TIC E S........ * - * * * - - - - *

EXCAVATING, GRADING, MACHINE

OPERATORS....................................................... * _ * * * 2 0 0 * 2 0 0 * _ *

FLOOR L A Y E P S , EXCEPT

t i l e s e t t e r s .................................................

* _ * * _ _ _ _ * _ *

PA IN T E R S , CONSTRUCTION AND

m a i n t e n a n c e ................................................. * * * * 5 9 0 * 5 9 0 * _ *

P A IN T E R S ' A PPREN TICES............................. - - - - - - - - - - -

PAPERHANGERS........................... * - * - - - - * - *

PLASTERERS.............................. * - * * * - * - *

PLASTERERS' APPREN TICES........... - - - - - - - - - - -

PLUMBERS AND P IP E F IT T E F S ..................... * * * * 6 0 0 * 6 0 0 - *

PLUMBERS* AND P IP E F IT T E R S '

A P P R E N T I C E S .......................................... * _ * * _ _ _ _ * *

ROOFERS AND SL A T E R S................................... - * * * 6 0 - 6 0 * - *

STPUCTURAL METAL WORKERS.......... * - * * * 10 0 * 1 0 0 * - *

T IL E S E T T E R S ............................ * -

* * * * *

BLUE-COLLAR WORKER

SUPERVISORS NEC.................. NA * 2 2 0 170 6 0 4 , 2 1 0 * 4 , 2 1 0 3 4 0 - 3 4 0

METALWORKING CRAFT WOFKERS

EXCLUDING MECHANICS............. 120 1 2 0 70 * 6 , 0 5 0 2 0 0 5 , 8 5 0 5 2 0 5 20

BLACKSM ITHS............................ * - * * - - - - - *

BOILERMAKERS....................................................... * - * • * * * * - - *

HEAT TREA TE R S, ANNEALERS, AND 

TEMPERERS.............................................. .. * _ * * * 1 3 0 _

1 3 0 * _ *

FORGE AND HAMMER OPERATORS............... * - * * * 80 - 8 0 * - *

JOB AND D IE S E T T E R S, METAL....... * - * * * 5 2 0 - 5 2 0 * - *

M A C H IN ISTS.............................. * - * * 2 ,1 8 0 6 0 2 , 1 2 0 1 9 0 - 1 9 0

M A C H IN IST S' APPREN TICES........... * - * * - - - - * - *

MILLW RIGHTS............................ * - * * * 2 5 0 - 2 5 0 * - *

HOLDERS, METAL........................ * - * * * 2 4 0 - 2 4 0 * - *

HOLDERS' A PP R E N T IC E S................................ - - - - - - - - - - -

PATTERN AND MODEL MAKERS..................... * - * * * 3 9 0 110 2 8 0 * - *

ROLLERS AND F IN IS H E R S , METAL___ * - * * * 60 - 60 * - *

SHEET METAL WORKERS, T IN S M IT H S .. * - * * * 8 2 0 * 8 2 0 80 - 8 0

SHEET METAL A PPR E N TIC E S........... - - - - - - - - * - *

TO O L, DIEMAKERS....................... - * * * 1 ,2 0 0 - 1 , 2 0 0 1 10 - 1 1 0

TOOL, DIEMAKER APPR E N TIC E S....... * -

* -* - “ * -

*

MECHANICS, R E P A IR E R S, IN S T A L L E R S .. NA * U90 4 1 0 8 0 6 , 5 3 0 4 3 0 6 , 1 0 0 4 9 0 - 4 9 0

AIR C O N D IT IO N IN G , H EATING, AND 

RE FR IG E R A TIO N ......................................... * _ * * * 1 9 0 * 1 9 0 _ *

AIRCRAFT MECHANICS...................................... * - * * 1 ,6 9 0 * 1 , 6 9 0 1 7 0 - 1 7 0

AUTO ACCESSO RIES IN S T A L L E R S...... * - * * - - - - - - -

AUTO BODY R E P A IR E R S................. * - * * * 1 2 0 - 1 2 0 * - *

AUTO MECHANICS........................ NA * 1 2 0 150 * * 6 9 0 5 0 - 50

AUTO MECHANICS' APPREN TICES...... - - - - - - - >- - - -

d a t a p r o c e s s i n g m a c h in e

R E P A IR E R S.......................................................

* _ * * * 2 3 0 * 2 3 0 *

_ *

FARM IMPLEMENT MECHANICS..................... * - * * * - - - * - *

HEAVY EQUIPMENT MECHANICS

INCLUDING D IE S E L ............... NA * 1 1 0 80 * 1 ,8 9 0 * 1 , 8 9 0 1 5 0 1 5 0

HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE M E C H A N IC S ... * - * * * 1 5 0 - 1 5 0 * - *

LOOM F IX E R S ............................ * - * * * - - - - - -

OFFICE MACHINE R E P A IR E R S.......... * - * * * 1 4 0 - 1 4 0 - *

R A D IO , TV R E P A IR E R S................. * - * * * 3 0 0 * 3 0 0 * - *

RAILROAD CAR SHOP R E PA IR E R S...... * - * * 70 - 7 0 * - *

MECHANICS, EXCLUDING AUTO

A PPR E N TIC E S........................ * _ * * _ _ _ - * - *

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MANPOWER IN ST IT U T IO N A L TRAINING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE AD M INISTRATION

IN D IRECT

OCCUPATION ALLOW­ PU R- TOTAL PROGRAM SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM

TOTAL D IRECT1 TOTAL ANCES CHASES TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IN D IRECT

OTHER MECHANICS AND R E P A IR E R S ... -

* -

* 8 9 0 3 50 5 4 0 *

-

4c

PRIN TIN G CRAFT WORKERS................................ 100 - 1 0 0 * 6 0 9 3 0 7 0 8 6 0 50 _ 5 0

BOOKBINDERS.......................................................... * - * * * 7 0 - 7 0 - 4c

COMPOSITORS AND TYPESETTERS............ * - * * 3 3 0 - 3 3 0 * - 4c

ELECTROTYPERS, STEPEOTYPERS............ * - * * * - - - * - 4c

ENGRAVERS EXCEPT PHOTOENGRAVERS. * - * * - - - - * - 4c

PHOTOENGRAVERS, L IT H O G R A P H E R S ... * - * * * * * 8 0 * - 4c

PRINTING PRESS OPERATORS..................... * - * * * 3 8 0 50 3 3 0 * - 4<

PRIN TIN G PPESS A P P R E N TIC E S............... - - - - - - - - - - -

PRIN TIN G A P PR E N TIC E S, EXCEPT

PRESS OPERATORS...................................... * -

* * * - - -* -4c

TRANSPORTATION, PUBLIC U T IL IT Y

CRAFT WORKERS............................................ 110 1 1 0 80 * 1 ,6 1 0 * 1 , 6 1 0 8 0 8 0

ELECTRIC POWER LIN E INSTALLERS 

AND R E PA IR E R S............................................ ■ * _ * * * 1 8 0 .

1 8 0 *

_ 4c

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS................................ * - * * * - - - * - 4c

LOCOMOTIVE E N G IN EERS' H E L P E R S ... 4c - * * * - - - * - 4c

POWER STATION OPERATORS........................ 4c - 4c * * - - - * - 4c

TELEPHONE IN S T A L L E R S, R E P A IR E R S. * - 6 0 * * 1 ,1 6 0 * 1 , 1 6 0 5 0 - 50

TELEPHINE LIN E IN S T A L L E R S,

S P L IC E R S .......................................................... * -

* * * 1 6 0 - 1 6 0 * -

4c

OTHER CRAFT WORKERS......................................... NA * 2 3 0 1 90 * 1 ,9 7 0 8 0 1 , 8 9 0 1 3 0 _ 1 3 0

BAKERS........................................................................ * * * * 6 0 - 60 * - 4c

CABINETMAKERS..................................................... * - * * * 6 0 * 60 * - 4"

CARPET IN STA LLE R S......................................... * - * * * - - - * - 4c

• CRANE, DERRICK , H OIST OPERATORS. * - * * 4 0 0 * 4 0 0 * - 4c

DECORATORS, WINDOW DRESSERS............ * - * * * 80 - 80 * - 4c

DENTAL LABORATORY T E C H N IC IA N S ... * - * * - - - - - - -

FURNITURE AND WOOD F I N I S H E R S .... * - * * * - - - * - 4c

PU R R IE R S................................................................... * - * * - - - - - - -

G L A Z IE R S ................................................................... * - * * - - - * - 4c

i n s p e c t o r s , LOG AND LUMBER............... * - * * * - - - * - 4c

IN SP E C T O R S, OTHER......................................... * - * * * 2 2 0 * 2 2 0 * - 4c

JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS..................... * - * * * 6 0 - 6 0 4c - 4c

M IL L E R S, G R A IN , FLOUR, FEED............ * - * * - - - - - - -

MOTION PICTURE P R O J E C T IO N IS T S ... * - * * * - * - 4c

O P T IC IA N S , LENS G RIN D ERS, AND 

P O L ISH E R S....................................................... * _ * * * 1 1 0 _ 1 1 0 *

_ 4>

PIA N O , ORGAN TUN ERS, R E P A IR E R S .. * - * * - - - - - - -

S H IP F IT T E R S .......................................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

SHOE R E P A IR E R S................................................. * - 4> * - - - - * - 4c

SIGN PAINTERS AND LETTERERS............ * * * * * 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 * - 4c

STATIONARY ENGINEERS................................ * - * * 3 9 0 - 3 9 0 * - 4c

STONE CU TTERS, STONE C A R V E R S .... * - * - - - - * - 4c

T A IL O R S ..................................................................... * - * * * - - - * - 4c

UPHOLSTERERS....................................................... * - * * * 7 0 - 7 0 * - 4c

CRAFT AND KINDRED WORKERS N E C ... * - * * * 1 3 0 * 1 3 0 * - 4c

CRAFT APPRENTICES NEC............................. * *

- - -

4c

-

4c

O P E R A T IV E S........................................................................... NA * 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,2 9 0 5 1 0 3 5 , 5 7 0 7 9 0 3 4 , 7 8 0 2 , 6 4 0 4c 2 , 6 0 0

O P E R A T IV E S, EXCEPT TRANSPORT............... NA 1 ,7 7 0 1 ,3 8 0 3 9 0 3 7 , 8 8 0 7 7 0 3 7 , 1 1 0 2 , 3 6 0 2 ,3 6 0

SEM ISK ILLED METALWORKING........................... mo _ 1ft0 80 6 0 6 , 1 4 0 * 6 , 1 4 0 5 2 0 _ 5 2 0

DRTLL PRESS O P E R A T IV E S.......................... 4t - * * * 5 0 0 - 5 0 0 4c - 4c

FURNACE TENDERS, SHELTEPS,

AND POURERS................................................. * _ * * * 2 8 0 _

28C 4c _ 4c

GRINDING MACHINE O P E R A TIV E S............ * - * * * 8 3 0 * 8 3 0 80 - 8 0

H EATERS, METAL................................................. * - * - - - - - 4< - 4c

LATHE AND M ILLIN G MACHINE

O PE R A TIV E S.................................................... *

_ * * * 1 ,0 9 0 .

1 , 0 9 0 1 0 0 _

1 0 0

METAL PLATERS..................................................... * - * * * 2 1 0 - 2 1 0 4c - 4c

OTHER P R E C ISIO N MACHINE

OPERATORS.................................................... * _ * * * 4 3 0 * 4 3 0 4c _ 4c

PUNCH STAMPING PRESS O P E R A T O R S.. * - * * * 7 6 0 - 7 6 0 6 0 - 6 0

SOLDERERS............................................................... * - * * * 4 5 0 - 4 5 0 4c - 4c

WELDEPS AND FLAME COTTERS.................. 6 0 6 0 * * 1 ,5 7 0 * 1 , 5 7 0 1 3 0 * 1 3 0

SE M ISK ILLE D TE X T IL E WORKERS.................. 90

_

. 9 0 7 0 * 1 3 0 _

1 3 0 4c _ 4<

CARDING, LA P P IN G , COMBING.................. * - * * - - - - - -

K N IT T E R S , LOOPERS, AND T O P P E R S .. * - * * * - - - - - -

S P IN N E R S, TW IST E R S, WINDERS............ * - * * * - - - * - 4c

WEAVERS..................................................................... - * * * - - - 4c - 4c

OTHER T E X T IL E O PE R A TIV E S..................... * * * * 5 0 5 0 4c *

SE M ISK ILLE D PACKING AND

i n s p e c t i n g .................................................... 2 6 0 2 6 0 2 0 0 6 0 5 ,6 0 0 * 5 , 6 0 0 4 2 0 0 2 0

CHECKERS, EXAM INERS, EXCEPT MFG. 1 0 0 - 1 0 0 7 0 * 4 , 4 4 0 * 4 , 4 4 0 3 4 0 - 3 0 0

GRADERS AND SO RTERS, MFG..................... - * * 6 0 - 60 4c - 4"

MEAT WRAPPERS, R E T A IL TRADE............

- * * - - - - 4c - 4c

PACKERS, WRAPPERS, EXCEPT M E A T .. * - mo 110 * 1 ,0 7 0 - 1 , 0 7 0 7 0 - 7 0

GROCERY PRODUCE PACKEPS........................ * -

* *

- -

* 4c

OTHER O P E R A T IV E S, EXCEPT

TRANSPORT....................................................... NA * 1 ,2 9 0 1 ,0 2 0 2 6 0 1 9 ,8 9 0 7 3 0 1 9 , 1 6 0 4c 4c 1 , 0 0 0

ASB E STO S, INSULATION W O R K E R S .... * - * * « * - 4c - 4C

ASSEM BLERS............................................................. 1 00 - 1 0 0 60 * 6 ,9 1 0 - 6 , 9 1 0 5 0 0 - 5 0 0

BLA STE R S................................................................... * - "

4c

- I

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HANP(5WER IN ST IT U T IO N A L TRAINING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AN1) SPACE ADM INISTRATION

] NDIRECT

OCCUPATION ALLOW­ P U R - TC TAL PROGRAM SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM

TOTAL DIRECT1 TOTAL ANCES CHASES TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IN D IRECT

BOTTLIN G, CANNING O P E R A T IV E S. . . . *

_ _ _ *_ *

SURVEYORS* HELPERS...................................... * - * * - - - - * - *

CLOTHING IRONERS AND P R E S S E R S ... * - * * * 1 2 0 - 1 2 0 * - *

CUTTING OPERATIVES NEC........................... - * * * 4 8 0 - 4 8 0 * -

DRESSMAKERS, EXCEPT FACTORY............ * - 8 0 80 * - *

D R IL L E R S, EARTH.............................................. * - * 1 5 0 - 15C * - *

DRY NALL IN S T A L L E R S , L A T H E R E R S.. * - * * - - - * - *

DRYERS.........................................................................

F IL E R S , PO L ISH E R S , SANDERS, AND.

*

“

* * “ ~ * ~

BUFFERS.............................................................

GARAGE WORKERS AND GAS

* * * * 5 2 0 ~ 5 2 0 i ~

STATION ATTENDANTS............................. 1 00 - 1 0 0 9 0 * 1 7 0 * 1 7 0 * - *

LAUNDRY, DRYCLEANING O P E R A TIV E S. 

HEATCUTTERS AND BUTCHERS

* * * 1 6 0 ” 1 6 0 ~

*

EXCEPT HFG.................................................. * - * * * 8 0 - 8 0 * -

HEATCUTTERS, BUTCHERS, HFG............... * - * * * - - - * - *

M IL L IN E R S ................................................................ - - - - - - - - - - -

HINE O PERATIVES NEC................................... * - * * * 3 0 0 - 3 0 0 * - *

MIXING O PE R A TIV E S......................................... * - * * 1 5 0 - 15C * -

O IL E R S , GREASERS, EXCEPT A U T O ... * - * * * 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 - *

PA IN T E R S, MANUFACTURED A R T IC L E S. * - * * * 6 3 0 6 3 0 5 0 - 50

PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS W O R K E R S .... * - * * * 3 6 0 * 3 6 0 * - *

RIVETERS AND FASTEN ERS..........................

* - * * * 1 8 0 - 1 8 0 * - *

SAILORS AND DECKHANDS.............................

* - * * * - - - * - *

SAWYERS.....................................................................

- * 2 3 0 * 1 8 0 - 1 8 0 * - *

SEWERS AND ST IT C H E R S................................ 2 5 0 - 2 5 0 * * 3 0 0 - 3 0 0 - *

SHOEHAKING MACHINE O P E R A T IV E S ... 

FURNACE TENDERS, STOKERS,

*

"

* * ■ * ~ “

*

“

EXBCEPT METAL............................................ * - * * 2 2 0 - 2 2 0 * -

WINDING OPERATIVES NEC........................... * * 1 60 * 4 2 0 - 4 2 0 * - *

m i s c e l l a n e o u s MACHINE O P E R A T O R .. 2 2 0 - 2 2 0 140 6 0 3 , 7 7 0 * 3 , 7 7 0 2 9 0 - 2 9 0

OPERATIVES NEC................................................. 2 0 0 2 0 0 * 6 0 4 , 3 3 0 7 0 0 3 , 6 3 0 2 8 0 * 2 8 0

TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATORS............ 1 ,0 3 0 * 1 ,0 3 0 9 1 0 1 2 0 3 , 7 5 0 * 3 , 7 5 0 2 8 0 - 2 8 0

BOAT OPERATORS.................................................. * - * * - - - - * - *

BUS D R IV E R S ..........................................................

CONDUCTORS AND OPERATORS,

NA * 3 1 0 2 9 0 * 3 9 0 3 9 0 * ”

*

URBAN R A IL .................................................... * - * * - - - * - *

DELIVERY AND ROUTE WORKERS............... NA * 1 9 0 1 60 7 1 0 - 7 1 0 5 0 - 50

FORK L I F T , TOW MOTOR O P E R A T O R S.. * - * * * 6 1 0 * 6 1 0 * - *

R A IL VEHICLE OPERATORS NEC............... * - * - - - - * - *

PARKING ATTENDANTS......................................

RAILROAD BRAKE OPERATORS

*

"

* * *

“ ~ *

AND COUPLERS............................................... * - * * * 6 0 - 6 0 * -

RAILROAD SWITCH OPERATORS.................. * - * * * 7 0 7 0 * - *

TAXICAB D R IV E R S, CHAUFFEURS............ 2 2 0 - 2 2 0 2 0 0 * 2 0 0 2 0 0 * - *

TRUCK D R IV E R S..................................................... NA * 2 3 0 19 0 * 1 ,6 1 0 ~ 1 , 6 1 0 1 2 0 _ 1 2 0

SER V IC E WORKERS............................................................. 2 , 8 1 0 1 ,4 9 0 1 ,3 2 0 1 , 140 1 8 0 1 0 ,3 3 0 * 1 0 , 3 3 0 6 0 0 - 6 0 0

CLEANING SERVICE WORKERS...........................

LODGING QUARTERS CLEANERS,

1 ,7 0 0 1 ,3 9 0 3 1 0 2 3 0 8 0 4 , 7 8 0 * 4 , 7 8 0 2 9 0 -2 9 0

EXCBPT P R IV A T B ......................................... * * * 4 5 0 - 4 5 0 * - *

BUILDING IN TE R IO R CLEANERS .N E C .. NA * 1 1 0 80 * 1 , 3 8 0 - 1 , 3 8 0 * - *

JAN ITO RS AND SEXTO N S................................ 1 , 5 6 0 1 ,3 8 0 1 8 0 1 3 0 5 0 2 , 9 6 0 * 2 , 9 6 0 1 8 0 - 1 8 0

FOOD S E R V IC E WORKERS...................................... 5 9 0 7 0 5 2 0 4 7 0 * 2 ,4 3 0 _ 2 , 4 3 0 9 0 - 90

BARTENDERS............................................................. * - * * * 9 0 - 9 0 * - *

w a i t e r s * a s s i s t a n t s ................................... * - * * 9 0 - 9 0 - *

COOKS, EXCEPT P R IV A T E .............................. NA * 1 3 0 1 2 0 * 6 3 0 - 6 3 0 * - *

DISHW ASHERS.......................................................... * * * 2 5 0 - 2 5 0 - *

FOOD COUNTER, FOUNTAIN W ORKERS.. * * * * 3 4 0 - 3 4 0 - *

W A ITE R S, W A ITR E SSE S...................................

FOOD WORKERS N EC, EXCEPT

NA 2 1 0 1 9 0 * 6 1 0 6 1 0 * _

*

P R IV A T E ............................................................. NA * 5 0 * * 4 2 0 -

4 2 0 * "

*

HEALTH SE R V IC E WORKERS................................ NA * 1 5 0 1 50 * 1 4 0 1 4 0 * - *

DENTAL A S S IS T A N T S .........................................

- * - * * - * - *

HEALTH A ID E S , EXCEPT N U R S I N G .... * - * * - * * - * - *

HEALTH TRA IN E E S...............................................

* - * * - - - - - - -

LAY H ID W IVES........................................................ - - - - - - - - - - -

NURSES* A ID E S , O R D E R LIE S..................... NA * 8 0 80 7 0 - 7 0 * -

PRACTICAL NURSES............................................ -

* *

“ - “

PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS.......................... NA * 28 0 2 4 0 * 1 ,3 4 0 1 , 3 4 0 9 0 - 90

FLIGHT ATTENDANTS.........................................

ATTENDANTS, RECRBATION AND

* ~* * * 1 4 0 1 4 0 * *

a m u s e m e n t .......................................................

ATTENDANTS, PERSONAL

* * * * * 1 0 0 ~ 1 0 0 * “

SERVICE NEC.................................................. * * * * 1 1 0 - 1 1 0 - *

BAGGAGE PORTERS AND B E L L H O P S .... - * * * - - - * - *

BARBERS...................................................................... * - * * 1 4 0 - 1 4 0 * - *

BOARDING, LODGING H OUSEKEEPERS.. - * - - - - * - *

BOOTBLACKS.............................................................

CHILD CARE WORKERS, EXCEPT

* *

“ “ ” ~ “

P R IV A T E ............................................................. * * * * - - - * - *

ELEVATOR OPERATORS...................................... * - * * 6 0 - 6 0 - *

H AIRD RESSERS, C O S M E T O L O G IS T S .... NA - NA 120 * 4 2 0 - 4 2 0 * - *

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HANPC) WER IN ST IT U T IO N A L TRAINING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADM INISTRATION

IND IRECT

OCCUPATION ALLOW­ PU R - ___TOTAL PROG RAH SPACE SHUTTLB PROGRAM

TOTAL D IRECT1 TOTAL ANCES CHASES TOTAL DIR ECT IN D IR E C T TOTAL DIRECT IN D IR E C T

HOUSEKEEPERS, EXCEPT P R I V A T E .... 4c 4c 4c 4c 220 4c 220 4c _ *

PERSONAL SBPVICE A P P R E N T I C E S .... - - - - - - - - - - -

SCHOOL MONITORS............................................... * * - - - - - - - -

USHERS, RECREATION, AM USEM ENT... * - * 4c 4c - - - 4c - *

WELFARE SERVICE A ID E S ............................. -

4< * - -

* 4c

PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS..................... NA 7 0 * _ 1 ,6 5 0 4c 1 , 6 5 0 120 _ 120

CROSSING GUARDS, BRIDGETENDERS. . 4c 4> * - - - - - - -

F IR E F IG H T E R S....................................................... * - * 4c - ' 4c 4c - 4> - 4c

GUARDS......................................................................... NA 4> 6 0 * * 1 ,4 7 0 - 1 , 4 7 0 100 - 100

MARSHALS AND CONSTABLES........................ - - - - - - - - - - -

POLICE AND D ETE C TIV E S............................. * - 4t 4c 4c 1 , 3 2 0 - 1 , 3 2 0 4c - *

SH ERIFFS AND B A I L IF F S ............................. - - - - -

P R IV A TE HOUSEHOLD WORKERS........................

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

CHILD CARE WORKERS...................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

COOKS, P R IV A T E .................................................

- - - - - - - - - - -

HOUSEKEEPERS, P R IV A T E ............................. - - - - - - - - - - -

LAUNDERERS, P R IV A T E ................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS

AND SERVANTS............................................... - - - - - - - - - - -

LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM................................... NA 4c 6 0 0 A 90 110 4 , 8 1 0 8 0 a , 7 3 0 3 3 0 4c 3 3 0

ANIMAL CARETAKERS......................................... * - 4c 4c * 4c 4< - 4c - 4c

CARPENTERS' H ELPERS................................... * - 4> 4c * 9 0 - 9 0 4> _ 4c

CONSTRUCTION LABORERS, EXCEPT 

CARPENTERS' HELPERS.......................... 4c

_ 4c 4c 4c 6 0 0 _

6 0 0 4c 4c

F ISH E R S , HUNTERS, AND T R A P P E R S .. 4c - 4c * * - - - 4c - 4>

FREIGHT MATERIAL HANDLERS.................. NA - NA 110 4c 1 ,3 6 0 - 1 , 3 6 0 100 - 100

GARBAGE COLLECTORS...................................... 4> - 4c * 4c 7 0 - 7 0 4> - 4c

GARDENERS AND G R O U N D SK E E P E R S .... 4c * 4> 4c 4c 2 9 0 4> 2 9 0 4c - 4c

LONGSHORE WOFKERS AND

STEVEDORES.................................................... 4c

_

4< 4c *

. .

*

TIMBER CUTTING AND LOGGING

WORKERS............................................................. 4c . 4c * 4c 7 0 7 0 4c 4>

STOCKHANDLERS.................................................... NA - NA 130 4c 5 7 0 - 5 7 0 4c _ 4c

TEAMSTERS................................................................ 4c - 4< 4> - - - - - - -

VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT, WASHERS 

AND CLEANERS.............................................. 4c

_ 4c 4c 4c 2 8 0 .

2 8 0 4c . *

WAREHOUSE LABORERS NEC.......................... 4c - 4< * 4> 220 50 1 7 0 4c - 4c

OTHER LABORERS................................................. NA NA 80 * 1,120 4c 1,120 9 0 * 90

FARMERS AND FARM WORKERS................................... NA > NA 6 6 0 * 6 2 0 - 6 2 0 4c -

4c

FARMERS AND MANAGERS...................................... NA _ NA 370 4c 3 5 0 _ 3 5 0 4c _ *

FARMERS (OWNERS AND T E N A N T S ) .... NA - NA 360 4c 3 4 0 - 3 4 0 4c - 4c

FARM MANAGERS.................................................... 4c *

4c 4> - - - -

FARM LABORERS AND LABOR

SU PE R V ISO R S................................................. NA NA 290 * 2 8 0 2 8 0 4c 4c

FARM LABOR SU PE R V ISO R S.......................... 4c - 4> 4c - - - - - - -

FARM LABORERS, WAGE WORKERS............ NA - NA 190 * 1 8 0 - 1 8 0 * - 4c

FARM LABORERS, UNPAID F A M ILY _____ NA - NA 100 4c 9 0 - 9 0 4c 4c

FARM LABORERS, S E L F -E M P L O Y E D .... * - * 4c

- - - - -

1 Includes direct employment generated by tuition costs.

* Denotes fewer than 50 jobs.

NA = not available.

— denotes no employment.

NEC = not elsewhere classified.

NOTE: Detail may not add to totals because of rounding. Also,

data for occupations with fewer than 50 jobs are not shown but are included in the totals.

☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1975 O - 583-674 (85)

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

REGIONAL OFFICES

Region I

1603 JFK Federal Building 

Government Center 

Boston, Mass. 02203 

Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617)

Region II

Suite 3400

1515 Broadway

New York, N.Y. 10036

Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)

Region III

P.O. Box 13309

Philadelphia, Pa. 19101

Phone: 597-1154 (Area Code 215)

Region IV

Suite 540

1371 Peachtree St., NE.

Atlanta, Ga. 30309

Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)

Region V

9th Floor

Federal Office Building

230 S. Dearborn

Chicago, III. 60604

Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312)

Region VI

Second Floor

555 Griffin Square Building

Dallas, Tex. 75202

Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)

Regions VII and VIII *

Federal Office Building 

911 Walnut St., 15th Floor 

Kansas City, Mo. 64106 

Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)

Regions IX and X **

450 Golden Gate Ave.

Box 36017

San Francisco, Calif. 94102 

Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)

Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City 

Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis