1

The Honorable Ann D. Montgomery, United States District Judge for the

District of Minnesota.

United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

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No. 98-2832

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Boat Dealers' Alliance, Inc., *

a Florida Corporation, *

*

Appellant, *

* Appeal from the United States

v. * District Court for the

* District of Minnesota.

Outboard Marine Corporation, *

a Delaware Corporation, *

*

Appellee. *

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Submitted: May 12, 1999

Filed: June 23, 1999

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Before RICHARD S. ARNOLD, JOHN R. GIBSON, and BOWMAN, Circuit Judges.

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BOWMAN, Circuit Judge.

Boat Dealers' Alliance, Inc. (BDA) sued Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC),

seeking compensatory damages and injunctive relief for breach of contract, deceptive

trade practices in violation of Minn. Stat. § 325F.69, and injury to business reputation

in violation of Minn. Stat. § 325D.165. The District Court1

 granted OMC's motion for

summary judgment on all claims. BDA appeals. We affirm.
2

July 1 is the beginning of the new model year for marine equipment.

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This Court reviews a grant of summary judgment de novo, applying the same

standard as the district court. See Hindman v. Transkrit Corp., 145 F.3d 986, 990 (8th

Cir. 1998). 

OMC manufactures outboard marine engines, and BDA is a buying and

merchandising cooperative of independent retail marine dealers. On September 26,

1997, OMC and BDA entered into a contract which provided that BDA's members

would purchase a quantity of engines from OMC in exchange for favorable prices and

other benefits. On December 3, 1997, OMC notified BDA that it was terminating the

contract effective March 2, 1998. Paragraph 2 of the contract provides:

A. This Agreement shall be in full force and effect for an initial period

of not less than five (5) years from the "anniversary date" of: 

July 1, 19972

B. Either party may terminate without cause if, not less than ninety

(90) days prior to the anniversary date, written notice is provided

as set forth in Section 23 of this Agreement. After the initial fiveyear period, this Agreement shall continue in effect from year-toyear. After the initial five year period, either party may terminate

this agreement for valid cause, on ninety (90) days notice.

The dispute between BDA and OMC concerns whether paragraph 2

unambiguously allowed OMC to terminate the contract without cause at the time it did

so. As provided in the contract, its interpretation is governed by Minnesota law. The

determination of whether a contract is ambiguous is a question of law and "depends,

not upon words or phrases read in isolation, but rather upon the meaning assigned to

the words or phrases in accordance with the apparent purpose of the contract as a

whole." Art Goebel, Inc. v. North Suburban Agencies, Inc., 567 N.W.2d 511, 515

(Minn. 1997). We give the language of the contract its plain and ordinary meaning and
3On appeal, BDA argues that even though OMC gave notice at least 90 days

prior to July 1, 2002 such termination could not be effective until July 1, 2002.

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interpret the contract so as to give meaning to all of its provisions. See Brookfield

Trade Ctr., Inc. v. County of Ramsey, 584 N.W.2d 390, 394 (Minn. 1998). In

construing a contract, our purpose is to "give effect to the intention of the parties as

expressed in the language they used in drafting the whole contract." Goebel, 567

N.W.2d at 515. Divergent interpretations do not necessarily create ambiguity,

especially when an interpretation contradicts the language of the contract. SeeBanbury

v. Omnitrition Int'l, Inc., 533 N.W.2d 876, 880 (Minn. Ct. App. 1995). A contract is

ambiguous if, based on its language alone, it is reasonably susceptible of more than one

interpretation. See Brookfield, 584 N.W.2d at 394.

OMC interprets the term "anniversary date" as used in paragraph 2B to mean an

annual event that recurs on each succeeding anniversary of July 1, 1997. According

to this interpretation, either party is free to terminate the agreement without cause if

written notice is provided at least 90 days prior to each July 1 within the initial fiveyear period of the contract. BDA, however, contends that the contract defines

"anniversary date" as July 1, 2002 (five years from the date of July 1, 1997) and that

"anniversary" is not limited to an annual recurrence. BDA argues that OMC could not

terminate without cause prior to July 1, 2002 because paragraph 2A states that the

agreement "shall be in full force and effect for an initial period of not less than five (5)

years."3 The District Court concluded that to define "anniversary" as "five years from

the date of July 1, 1997" was to reject the plain and ordinary meaning of the word in

favor of a contortion. We agree. 

BDA also argues that the only way to reconcile all the provisions of the

agreement is to construe the contract as a five-year contract that cannot be terminated

absent cause. According to BDA, it would be inconsistent to interpret a contract with

a five-year duration as allowing termination without cause before its expiration date and
4Section 325D.165 has been repealed and replaced by a statute that is limited to

the protection of famous marks from dilution. See Minn. Stat. § 333.285 (1998). 

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would render the contract illusory. Such an interpretation, however, is the only

reasonable interpretation in light of the contract's language and the contract as a whole.

Moreover, because both parties had the right to terminate the contract without cause

during the first five years, but could only do so by giving the required notice, the

contract is not illusory. See Laclede Gas Co. v. Amoco Oil Co., 522 F.2d 33, 36-37

(8th Cir. 1975).

Despite BDA's attempts to inject ambiguity into the contract, BDA's suggested

interpretations of the contract and its definition of "anniversary" are strained and

contrary to the contract's plain language. We therefore conclude that the agreement is

not reasonably susceptible of more than one interpretation. When looking at the

agreement as a whole and giving effect to all of its provisions, we agree with OMC's

interpretation and find that OMC properly terminated the agreement.

Although we have not resorted to any extrinsic evidence as to the parties' intent

in order to resolve the dispute before us, we deny OMC's motion to strike BDA's sealed

exhibits and all references thereto. We grant OMC's motion for leave to file its reply

memorandum regarding its motion to strike and we deny BDA's motion to strike

OMC's reply memorandum.

We turn to BDA's statutory claims. As the District Court stated in its well

reasoned opinion, BDA cannot meet the statutory requirements necessary for it to

prevail on its deceptive-trade-practices and injury-to-business-reputation claims.4

BDA's statutory claims therefore must fail as a matter of law, and the dismissal of these

claims is affirmed on the basis of the District Court's opinion. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.

The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.
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A true copy.

Attest:

CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.