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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

1575

Fire Research Information Service*

National Bnrw» r Standards

Bldg. 225, Rm.

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Washington, D.C. 20234 Quarterly Report

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WKWMSI l(W«WjDh toj

Investigation on Aggregates and concretes

Used in Rigid Pavements Subjected to High

and Fluctuating Temperatures.

For Quarter Finding March 31j 1952

Sponsored by

U. S. Naval Civil Engineering Research and

Evaluation Laboratory, Construction Battalion

Center, Port Hueneme, California.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Charles Sawyer, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. As tin. Acting Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scop® of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is en- gaged in specialised research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its

title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications,

appears on the inside of the hack cover of this report.

S» ELECTRICITY* Resistance Measurements. Inductance and Capacitance. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Electrochemistry.

2. OPTICS AMD METROLOGY, photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Gage.

3« HEAT AMD POWER. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics . Cryogenics. Engines and

Lubrication. Engine Fuels.

4. ATOMIC m RAO i ATI ON PHYSICS. Spectroscopy. Radi ome try. Mass Spectrometry. Physical Electronics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Measurements. Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-Rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. Atomic Energy Commission Instruments Branch.

5® CHEMISTRY. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Rs MECHANICS. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Aerodynamics. Engineering Mechanics. Hydraulics. Mass. 'Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. 7. ORGANIC AND FIBROUS MATERIALS. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and

Specifications. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

8. METALLURGY. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy . Corrosion.

9. MINERAL PRODUCTS. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Building Stone. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure. Chemistry of Mineral

Products.

SO. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Con- ditioning. Exterior and Interior Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

88. APPLIED MATHEMATICS. Numerical Analysis. Confutation. Statistical Engineering. Ma- chine Development.

12* ELECTRONICS. Engineering Electronics. Electron T\i be s. Electronic Computers. Electronic Iaatrwsentatica

.

13. ORDNANCE DEVELOPMENT. Mechanical Research and Development. Electromechanical

Fuzes. Technical Services. Missile Fuzing Research. Missile Fuzing Development. Pro- jectile Ftazes. Ordnance Componen t* . Ordnance Teats. Ordnance Research.

14. RADIO PROPAGATION. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation Services. Frequency Utilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation Research. High

Frequency Standards. Microwave Standards.

15. MISSILE DEVELOPMENT. Missile Engineering. Missile Dynamics. Missile Intelligence.

Missile Instrumentation. Technical Services. Combustion.
NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0903-21-4428 1575

Quarterly Report

on

Investigation on Aggregates and Concretes

Used in Rigid Pavements Subjected to High

and Fluctuating Temperatures,

For Quarter Ending March 31> 1952

Prepared by

W. L, Pendergast, R, A. Heindl, C. R, Enoch, R. A, Clevenger

Sponsored by

U. S. Naval Civil Engineering Research and

Evaluation Laboratory, Construction Battalion

Center, Port Hueneme, California*

froa the Office of th. Standards and Technology (NIST) w«hin eton 25. D. c. on October 9, 2015.

File No, 9.3/H34-C

This report ia isaue<

in any form, either ii
/ i I I ' \
INTRODUCTION

As stated in the last report 1 the object of this

project is to study certain properties of heat-resisting concrete for the purpose of developing a rigid

pavement for the general ground circulation of jettype aircraft and especially for warm-up and take-off

operations of these aircrafts. In continuation of

the tests carried out and partially recorded in

the preceding report, the work accomplished during

this quarter dealt with the completion of tests on

additional aggregates and the designing, mixing,

curing, and testing of a few of the thirty-three

concretes to be investigated,

AGGREGATES

Tests Completed: The tests conducted on all the

aggregates, except the one obtained by crushing

common building brick, have been completed. The

brick were of a medium hard grade (8,7$ water absorp**.

tion). The results of these tests, approximately

ten percent of which were included also in the last

progress report, :iBS 1362, are shown in the attached

Table 1, All tests were conducted in accordance

with the methods referred to in the last report.

The data appearing in the table are necessary for

the designing of concrete mixes suitable for the

specified service. These data may also be used as a reference in future work of this type.
/ /

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C OITCRETES

The cement-aggregate ratio used in designing

the various mixes was obtained from data appearing

in the publication, ” Light Weight Aggregates , by

the Housing and Home Finance Agency « These mixes

were adjusted, however, to compensate for differences

existing in the sizes of the aggregates used in this

study and compared with those listed in the publication referred to. Fine concretes were designed, using

each of three cements, namely, Portland, Portlandpozzolan, or Lumnite, respectively, with each of

three aggregates, namely. Pumice, Haydite, and

Waylite* Specimens were fabricated, cured, and

tested. These mixtures were proportioned by volume

and mixed in a three cubic foot tilt-drum mixer.

The water and aggregate were mixed for one minute,

the cement and vinsol resin was then added in that

respective order and mixed for three minutes. From

each mix one lot of specimens were cast consisting

of four 6 x 2-inch cylinders, two 3 x 4 x 16-inch bars,

and one 2 1/I4. x 2li x 24-inch slab. The specimens

were removed from the molds after 2I4. hours, fog-cured

for 7 days and stored at laboratory temperature and
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humidity for 21 days, Because it is planned to test

most of the concretes after six different heat

treatments it was necessary to fabricate six such

lots of specimens of each concrete on subsequent

days

.

TESTS

The tests considered as indicative of the

desired properties in these concretes were: refractor

iness, thermal expansion, resistance to abrasion,

heat transfer, compressive strength, a.nd. Young’s

modulus (determined dynamically). The tests were

conducted on specimens of the concretes both before

and after each of several different heat treatments.

Refractoriness

:

The refractoriness, as indicated by the pyromet

ric cone equivalent (pee), was determined in accordance with A.S.T.M* designation C24~4& » The pee has

been determined of the three concretes containing

pumice. Cones have been prepared of each of the

three concretes containing Haydite, four of the aggre

gates and two of the cements. These materials have

not as yet been tested.

Resistance to Abrasion:

For this test the apparatus developed by Schuman

and Tucker and described in their publication ”A

portable apparatus for determining the relative wear

resistance of concrete floors”, Rational Bureau of

Standards RP1252, will be used. Thus far thirteen

slabs of nine different concretes have been tested.

The results obtained did indicate a difference in

the resistance to abrasion of these nine concretes

as well as of the same concretes after the heat

treatment at the several elevated temperatures.

However- there was some doubt as to the accuracy of

the results. Therefore, a complete overhauling of

the apparatus was considered desirable and this work

is underway at present.

Young * s Modulus of E1 ast i_c

i

ty and C ompressive Strength

:

The cylindrical specimens were used for these tests

and the results are given in Table 2. Young 1 s modulus

was determined dynamically on the sound specimen in

three directions, namely, in flexure, in torsion, and

longitudinally. However, the longitudinal modulus only

is tabulated. Some cylinders, especially those containing pumice as the aggregate developed many minute
i

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Table 1. Properties of Aggregates

Materials

Sieve Analysis

Fineness

Modulus ( a )

Unit Weight

lbs/ft,3 Bulk Water

Crushing strength lbs/in

2 ( d ) Identifxcation

Size

/

U • O • JOc

i

iaudiii pex’ueiio u,

y

wcxy

/ Nos.

; / _ l

Loose Jigged^

Specific

Gravity

S. S. Dry(

c )

Absorption

Percent by

weight

Coj

- upaction, inches

1" 3/4" 1/2" 3/8" 4 8 16 30 50 100 200 1

2 3

Bluestone Coarse

Fine

100.0 99.1 71.6 22.7

100.0

3.1

99.3

2.0

79.6 50.7 26.7 11.5 3.7 11 „ 3

6.73

3.28

83.6

99.8

98.0

113.0

2.74 0.24

(f)

Haydite )/ Coarse

Fine

100.0 100.0 95.3 71.1

100.0

11.1

99.8

1.8

95.3 70.7 43.5 27.4 18.3 12.6

6.16

2.45

53.8

68.1

62.1

97.5

1.66

2.08

11.28

8.61

1,535 13,863 41,062^

Lelite 17 Coarse

Fine

99.9 97.9 75.5 40.3 8.5

100.0

6.8

97.3 68.0 42.7 26.6 16.8 10.8

6,46

2.48 6 42.4

63.9

47.9

73.1

1.65

2.09

8.42

5.50

561 3,244 39,S24

(f)

Waylite Coarse

Fine

100.0 94.2

100.0

16.8

99.9

8.8

97.3 84.6 54.9 32.0 15.2 5.9

5.80

2.16

33.2

60.4

39.4

72.2

1.68

2.38

17.10

2.61

264 943 8,450

Pumice t Coarse

Fine

100.0 98.7 82.5 51.0

100.0

16.8

76.3

15.4

46.2 32.8 21.8 14.3 8.1 13.5

6.18

4.01

29 .,2 38.6

32.1

43.9

1.26

1.43 396 1,563 6,465

- Rocklite^

-

Coarse

Fine

90.7 25.5 4.1 4.1

100.0

4.1

99,8

4.1

78.3 38.9 19.2 7.9 2.2 1.8

8.70

3.53

39.0

65.8

43.8

72.7

1.28

1.97

9.70

17.10

2,78o(

ee ) 28, 299^ 41,026^ee )

Flint-clay

Calcined

Coarse

Fine

100.0 99.6 85.3 70.4

100.0

44.2

75.1

24.9

38.0 20.2 10.6 .5.2 1.8 0.9

5.60

4.49

87.7

89.4

101.7

101.3

2.65

2.65

0.90

0.80

3,930 41,030^

Flint-clay

Raw

Coarse

Fine

100.0 99.8 83.2 69.8

100.0

45.5

76.3

29.3

37.3 20.1 10.2 4*6 1.5 1.9

5.55

4.50

86.0

80.9

101.5

95.0

2.52

2.50

4.76

5.03

778 13,074 40,682^

f )

Olivine Coarse

Fine

100.0 85,3 70.9

100.0

54.3

99.9

45.6

99.3 82.0 65.5 35.2 10.3 4.0

5.29

2.08

124.8

114.4

146.7

130.5

2.97

3.09

3.20

1.00

White Marsh

Gravel

Sand

Coarse

Fine

89.9 76.2 54.1 31.9

100.0

3.3

97.9 8.00 64.9 49.5 22.0 4.1 1.2

6.88

2.82

2.64

2.63

0.30

0.30

(a) Indicates distribution of sizes of aggregate (method), Represents the sum of the total percentages retained on sieves numbers: 100, 50, 30, 16, 8 and 4, 3/8" and 3/4" divided by 100.

(b) Indicates bulking or fitting together of various sizes of aggregates.

(c) "S.S." Saturated aggregate - Surface Dry,

(d) Grading - 50# through 3/8" ret. on No. 4; 30# through No, 4 ret. on No. 8; 20# through No. 8 ret. on No. 16.

(e) Incorrect sizes of aggregate furnished; results of tests on readjusted sizes of aggregate will be reported later,

(ee) Rocklite - 60# through No, 4 ret. on No. 8; 40# through No. 8 ret. on No. 16,.

(f) Bluestone beyond capacity of apparatus at 1" compaction;

Flint clay (calcined) maximum compaction possible with apparatus 1 13/16"

Haydite » " » « » 2 21/64"

Lelite » " " » " 2 23/64"

Flint Clay (Raw) " " " « " 2 9/16"
/ l
f uj;i"V

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Propd]

Labora- by we. tory Cemen

Identia

coars

xicaticrr1' fine

>mpre ssi ve Young »

s

fTSfin. ElSti?ity «/ I$~rShri»ta«. */

yitader BSgSfUgSfSS&tatto, I® H<SSg

Lbs/in2 E x 106 lb/in2 % %

P-P-l 1:1:0

P-P-2 1:1:0

1470

1610

P-P-3

P-P-4

P-P-5

P-P-6

do

do

do

do

1150

455 0.000

0.050

0.766

Z-P-l

Z-P-2

Z-P-3

Z-P-4

Z-P-5

Z-P-6

L-P-l

L-P-2

L-P-3

L-P-4

L-P-5

P-H-l

P-H-2

do 1255 .731

do 1500

do 665

do 385

do .749

do

do 560 .535

do 415

do

do

do .743

1750 1.930

_L * J do 2200 2.128

0.650

0,067 0.916

0.116

0.083

0.170

1.373 0.083 0.£L6

Table 2. Properties of Heat-Resisting Concrete

Proportions

by weight

Weight of Concrete 7

Laboratory

Vinsol

resin by

weight of

Air Slump

of fresh

After Heating for 5 hours at Temperature

b/

StrengthCompressi vc Strength

6 x 12 in.

Young's

Cement, to Convent/ Content Water Content

Content of fresh 7 day Fog weight Elasticity £/

Dynamic , Longitudinal

Before heating After heating —

Linear Shrinkage £/

a

ficatiorrt fine aggregate cement concrete concrete 21 day R.T. 250 500 750 1000 ratio cylinder

Heating Heading Bags/ydiof concrete % Gal/ydi of concrete %

inch lbs/ft-5 lbs/ft-1 lb s/ft

3

• lbs/inz E x 106 lb/in^ *

P-P-l 1:1:0.

4

7.1 0.02 72 14.5 3.00 81 74 19.9 1470 P-P-2 1:1:0.

5

6.8 do 72 16.2 2.25 80 16io

P-P-3 do 6.4 do 72 18.7 5.75 76 1150 P-P-4

P-P-5 P-P-6

do

do

do

6.6

6.6

do

do

74

72

13.9

15.7 5.50

79

79

7370

57 8.0 455 0.000

0.050

0.766

Z-P-l do 6.4 do 71 17.1 5.25 77 70 17.9 1255 .731 Z-P-2 do 7.1 do 78 9.6 2.25 85 62 24.4 1500 0.650

Z-P-3 do 5.7 do 65 25.5 7.50 68 61 10.9 665 Z-P-4 do 6.6 do 79 12.1 5.25 80 71 57 6.8 385 0.067 0.916

Z-P-5 do 6.6 do 71 15.8 4.75 78 68 .749 Z-P-6 do do

L-P-l do 6.9 do 83 7.2 6.75 85 68 8.2 560 .535 0.116

L-P-2 do 7.1 do 86 12.5 0.25 88 415 L-P-3 do 6.0 do 74 18.7 7.50 74 61

L-P-4 do 6.8 do 81 9.5 5.00 83 73 0.083 L-P-5 do 6.5 do 75 14.1 6.00 79 71 .743 0.170

P-H-l 1:1.7:1.9 5.2 do 57 11.4 6.75 101 97 18.1 1750 1.930 P-H-2

P-H-3

do 5.3 do 54 11.2 3.63 101 99 91 24.2 2200 2.128 1.373 0.083 0.?16

P-H-4

P-H-5 do 5.6 do 57 6.6 2.75 107 102 90 3.2 290 2.340 .527 0.217 -0.166

P-H-6

P-H-l do 5.3 do 54 11.5 5.25 102 99 2070 2.032 0.100

Z-H-l

Z-H-2

Z-H-3

Z-H-4

do 5.1 do 54 13.3 6.63 99 97 89 22.5 2000 1.788 1.160 0.166 0.216

Z-H-5

Z-H-6

do 5.4 do 55 10.1 6.00 103 98 88 2.7 240 2.080 .434 0.317 -0.183

L-H-l do 5.5 do 60 6.8 2.75 106 100 21.5 2145 2.011 0.200

L-H-2

L-H-3

do 5.5 do 59 6.4 3.50 106 101 94 9.5 . 890 1.993 .899 0.100 0.316

L-H-4

L-H-5 do 5.6 do 60 5.2 5.50 107 101 89 3.5 310 2.090 .509 0.316 -0.183

P-W-l

P-W-2

P-W-3

P-W-4

P-W-5

P-W-6

1:0.9:1.5

do 6.8

0.01

do 67 13.4 1.50 101 85 13.5 1150 .719

U..3UU

Z-W-l

Z-W-2

Z-W-3 do 6.6 do 62 18.0 2.20 96 62 15.5 965 .629

L

0.333

Z-W-4

Z-W-5

Z-W-6

L-W-l

L-W—

2

L-W-3

L-W-4

L-W-5

L-W-6

do 7.0 do 70 10.0 104 85 6.1 520

sJ The first letter indicates the type of cement, namely: P= Portland. Z=Portland Pozzolan, L=Lumnite

The second letter indicates the type of aggregate: P=Pumice; H=Haydite, W=Waylite

The numerals indicate: l=cured for 28 days only. 2,3, 4,5 and 6 cured for 28 days and heat treated at 250 C, 500 C, 750 C,10X> 0, -250 - respectively.

S/ Specimens were heated at an approximate rate of 50°C per hour to maximum temperature. After equilibrium was reached they wer^ held at t.us temperature for 5 hours.

.366

.\J .*

jfjlk.

0.900

“'The modulus of elasticity and the linear shrinkage were determined on each cylinder of each mix after the 28-day curing. These determinations were made to compare concrete mixes o. tb gn

(See column "laboratory identification") but made on different days. The results, when compared with, those obtained after the several heat treatments, will show changes in structure oi tne

cylinder that these properties may indicate.

cracks as a result of the heat treatments. Because

of this condition of the specimen the natural frequency of vibration could not be identified and

consequently Young *s modulus calculated.

The compressive strength was determined on all

cylinders in accordance with A.S.T.W. serial designation C 39-44. The specimens were tested after the

28-day curing treatment and also after this curing

period plus one of several different heat treatments

respectively.

RESULTS

The data thus far collected are insufficient to

justify any definite conclusions. However, indications

are that the minimum strength of 2600 psi specified

in the tentative technical requirements cannot be

obtained using pumice as the aggregate in the concretes

as designed. In general, the concretes using Portland

or Portland-pozzolan cements increased in strength when

heated at 2^0 e C but decreased successively when heated

at 500 , and 750°C. When Lumnite cement was used

the concretes decreased in strength successively after

the 2^0, 500 and 740°C heat treatments. The blank

spaces appearing in table 2 indicate the tests yet

to be completed. In these spaces results will be

inserted as the work progresses.
.

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THE NAT SOMA L BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The National Bureau of Standards is the principal agency of

the Federal Government for fundamental and applied research in physics, mathematics, chemistry, and engineering * Its activities range

from the determination of physical constants and properties of ma- terials, the development and maintenance of the national standards

of measurement in the physical sciences, and the development of

methods and instruments of measurement, to the development of special

devices for the military and civilian agencies of the Government.

The work includes basic and applied . research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services,

and various scientific and technical advisory services . A major

portion of the MBS work is performed for other government agencies,

particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy Commission. The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set

forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress

in Public Law 619, 1950. The scope of activities is suggested in

the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the front

cover.

Repor ts and Pub l i cat i ons

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual

equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project or program.

Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies.

The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available

from the Government Printing Office : the Journal of Research, which

presents complete papers reporting technical investigations; the

Technical News Bulletin, which presents summary and preliminary re- ports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for

radio communications throughout the world. There are also five

series of nonperiodical publications: the Applied Mathematics Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in

NBS Circular 460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards

($1.00). Information on calibration services and fees can be found

in NBS Circular 483, Testing by the National Bureau of Standards

(25 cents). Both are available from the Government Printing Of fice.

Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and publications should be

addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications , National Bureau

of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.