79–006 

115TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2d Session 115–787 

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE AND INNOVATION 

ACT OF 2018 

JUNE 27, 2018.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of 

the Union and ordered to be printed 

Mr. SMITH of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and 

Technology, submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany H.R. 5905] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, to whom was 

referred the bill (H.R. 5905) to authorize basic research programs 

in the Department of Energy Office of Science for fiscal years 2018 

and 2019, having considered the same, report favorably thereon 

with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do 

pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Committee Statement and Views ........................................................................... 15 

Section-by-Section .................................................................................................... 28 

Explanation of Amendments ................................................................................... 30 

Committee Consideration ........................................................................................ 30 

Application of Law to the Legislative Branch ....................................................... 30 

Statement of Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the Committee ...... 30 

Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives .................................... 31 

Duplication of Federal Programs ............................................................................ 31 

Disclosure of Directed Rule Makings ..................................................................... 31 

Federal Advisory Committee Act ............................................................................ 31 

Unfunded Mandate Statement ............................................................................... 31 

Earmark Identification ............................................................................................ 31 

Committee Estimate ................................................................................................ 31 

Budget Authority and Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate .................... 32 

Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill as Reported ...................................... 34 

The amendment is as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

2 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of 

Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018’’. 

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for this Act is as 

follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

Sec. 3. Mission. 

Sec. 4. Basic energy sciences. 

Sec. 5. Advanced scientific computing research. 

Sec. 6. High energy physics. 

Sec. 7. Biological and environmental research. 

Sec. 8. Fusion energy. 

Sec. 9. Nuclear physics. 

Sec. 10. Science laboratories infrastructure program. 

Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations. 

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

In this Act: 

(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ means the Department of Energy. 

(2) DIRECTOR.—The term ¥ means the Director of the Office of Science of the 

Department. 

(3) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘National Laboratory’’ has the meaning 

given that term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801). 

(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Energy. 

SEC. 3. MISSION. 

Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is 

amended by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Science shall be the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, and major scientific tools to transform the understanding of nature and to advance the energy, economic, and national security of 

the United States.’’. 

SEC. 4. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES. 

(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a program in basic energy sciences, 

including materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, and geosciences, for the purpose of providing the scientific foundations for 

new energy technologies. 

(b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described in subsection (a) shall be to 

support fundamental research to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter 

and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order to provide the 

foundations for new energy technologies and to support Department missions in energy, environment, and national security. 

(c) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a program for the development, 

construction, operation, and maintenance of national user facilities. 

(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent practicable, the national user 

facilities developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) 

shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the academic community, 

and other relevant entities to create and examine materials and chemical processes for the purpose of improving the competitiveness of the United States. 

(3) INCLUDED FACILITIES.—The national user facilities developed, constructed, 

operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include— 

(A) x-ray light sources; 

(B) neutron sources; 

(C) nanoscale science research centers; and 

(D) such other facilities as the Director considers appropriate, consistent 

with section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 

7139). 

(d) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE.— 

(1) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the publication approved by the Basic 

Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’, including the development of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy 

region and a suite of beamlines optimized for this source. 

(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

(i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means the rate of flow of photons. 

3 

(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘‘hard x-ray’’ means a photon with energy 

greater than 20 kiloelectron volts. 

(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 

practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 

this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2025. 

(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 

11 for Basic Energy Sciences, there shall be made available to the Secretary 

to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 

(i) $93,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(2) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE PROTON POWER UPGRADE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for a proton power upgrade 

to the Spallation Neutron Source. 

(B) DEFINITION OF PROTON POWER UPGRADE.—For the purposes of this 

paragraph, the term ‘‘proton power upgrade’’ means the Spallation Neutron 

Source power upgrade described in— 

(i) the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled ‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published December 2003; 

(ii) the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled ‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the 

Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 2007; 

and 

(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 

Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’. 

(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 

practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 

this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2025. 

(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 

11 for Basic Energy Sciences, there shall be made available to the Secretary 

to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 

(i) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $60,800,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(3) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE SECOND TARGET STATION.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for a second target station 

for the Spallation Neutron Source. 

(B) DEFINITION OF SECOND TARGET STATION.—For the purposes of this 

paragraph, the term ‘‘second target station’’ means the Spallation Neutron 

Source second target station described in— 

(i) the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled ‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published December 2003; 

(ii) the publication of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy titled ‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the 

Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 2007; 

and 

(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 

Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’. 

(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 

practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the second target station under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, with the option 

for early operation in 2028. 

(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 

11 for Basic Energy Sciences, there shall be made available to the Secretary 

to carry out activities, including construction, under this paragraph— 

(i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(4) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’, including the development of a multi-bend achromat lattice 

to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region. 

(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

(i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means the rate of flow of photons. 

(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘‘soft x-ray’’ means a photon with energy 

in the range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 

4 

(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 

practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 

this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2026. 

(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 

11 for Basic Energy Sciences, there shall be made available to the Secretary 

to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 

(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(5) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH ENERGY UPGRADE.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the 

Linac Coherent Light Source II facility described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, 

titled ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’, including the development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific 

discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure the upgrade under this paragraph 

enables the production and use of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate. 

(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term a ‘‘high energy x-ray’’ means a 

photon with an energy at or exceeding 12 kiloelectron volts. 

(ii) HIGH REPETITION RATE.—The term ‘‘high repetition rate’’ means 

the delivery of x-ray pulses up to one million pulses per second. 

(iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE X-RAYS.—The term ‘‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’’ 

means x-ray bursts capable of durations of less than one hundred 

femtoseconds. 

(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent 

practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under 

this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2025. 

(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 

11 for Basic Energy Sciences, there shall be made available to the Secretary 

to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 

(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(e) ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The Director shall carry out research and development on advanced accelerator and storage ring technologies relevant to the development of Basic Energy Sciences user facilities, in consultation 

with the Office of Science’s High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics programs. 

(f) SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 

16313) is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 

‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative, to be 

known as the ‘Solar Fuels Research Initiative’ (referred to in this section as the 

‘Initiative’) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful for the 

practical development of experimental systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy. 

‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from— 

‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the Office of Science; and 

‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 

‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum 

extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of 

higher education, and the private sector. 

‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) 

shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 

‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall provide sufficient resources to the 

multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals 

described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by 

the Secretary. 

‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may organize additional activities 

under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures. 

‘‘(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.— 

5 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover 

knowledge relevant to, artificial photosynthetic systems. 

‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences shall support 

basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including— 

‘‘(i) photoinduced production of hydrogen and oxygen from water; and 

‘‘(ii) the sustainable photoinduced reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel 

products including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon monoxide, and natural gas; and 

‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. 

‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out 

under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of 

technical milestones. 

‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated 

under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act 

of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall make available for 

carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 

years 2018 through 2019. 

‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology. 

‘‘(c) BIOCHEMISTRY, REPLICATION OF NATURAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND RELATED

PROCESSES.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to replicate natural photosynthetic processes 

by use of artificial photosynthetic components and materials. 

‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences shall support 

basic research to expand fundamental knowledge to replicate natural synthesis processes, including— 

‘‘(i) the photoinduced reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia; 

‘‘(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide from ambient air; 

‘‘(iii) molecular-based charge separation and storage; 

‘‘(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; and 

‘‘(v) catalysis in biological or biomimetic systems; 

‘‘(B) the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research 

shall support systems biology and genomics approaches to understand genetic and physiological pathways connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; 

and 

‘‘(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. 

‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out 

under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of 

technical milestones. 

‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated 

under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act 

of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under 

this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.’’. 

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for the Energy Policy 

Act of 2005 is amended by striking the item relating to section 973 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.’’. 

(g) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 

16315) is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 

‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 

6 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative, to be 

known as the ‘Electricity Storage Research Initiative’ (referred to in this section 

as the ‘Initiative’)— 

‘‘(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge to control, store, 

and convert— 

‘‘(i) electrical energy to chemical energy; and 

‘‘(ii) chemical energy to electrical energy; and 

‘‘(B) to support scientific inquiry into the practical understanding of 

chemical and physical processes that occur within systems involving crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids. 

‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from— 

‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, and the Biological and Environmental Research 

Program of the Office of Science; and 

‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 

‘‘(3) TEAMS.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum 

extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of 

higher education, and the private sector. 

‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) 

shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 

‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall provide sufficient resources to the 

multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals 

described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by 

the Secretary. 

‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may organize additional activities 

under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures. 

‘‘(b) MULTIVALENT SYSTEMS.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover 

knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion materials in electric energy storage systems. 

‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences shall investigate 

electrochemical properties and the dynamics of materials, including charge 

transfer phenomena and mass transport in materials; and 

‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. 

‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out 

under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of 

technical milestones. 

‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated 

under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act 

of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under 

this subsection $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology. 

‘‘(c) ELECTROCHEMISTRY MODELING AND SIMULATION.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research to model and simulate organic electrolytes, including 

the static and dynamic electrochemical behavior and phenomena of organic electrolytes at the molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multivalent systems. 

‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, in coordination 

with the Associate Director of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, 

shall support the development of high performance computational tools 

through a joint development process to maximize the effectiveness of current and projected high performance computing systems; and 

‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. 

7 

‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out 

under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of 

technical milestones. 

‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated 

under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act 

of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under 

this subsection $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology. 

‘‘(d) MESOSCALE ELECTROCHEMISTRY.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined 

mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries relevant to— 

‘‘(A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and 

‘‘(B) the dynamics of the phenomena described in subparagraph (A). 

‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Associate 

Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall investigate phenomena of mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose of replicating and controlling new electrochemical behavior; and 

‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. 

‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out 

under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of 

technical milestones. 

‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated 

under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act 

of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities under 

this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology.’’. 

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for the Energy Policy 

Act of 2005 is amended by striking the item relating to section 975 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.’’. 

(h) ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH CENTERS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a program to provide awards, 

on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, to multi-institutional collaborations or 

other appropriate entities to conduct fundamental and use-inspired energy research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs. 

(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiving an award under this subsection may include multiple types of institutions and private sector entities. 

(3) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—A collaboration under this subsection shall be selected 

for a period of 4 years. 

(B) EXISTING CENTERS.—An Energy Frontier Research Center in existence 

and supported by the Director on the date of enactment of this Act may 

continue to receive support for a period of 4 years beginning on the date 

of establishment of that center. 

(C) REAPPLICATION.—After the end of the period described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as applicable, a recipient of an award may reapply for selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. 

(D) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause 

during the performance period. 

(i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program in materials sciences and engineering, the Director shall support the development of a web-based platform to provide access to a database of computed information on known and predicted maVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6621 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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terials properties and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design. 

(2) In carrying out this section, the Director shall— 

(A) conduct cooperative research with industry, academia, and other research institutions to facilitate the design of novel materials; 

(B) leverage existing high performance computing systems to conduct 

high-throughput calculations, and develop computational and data mining 

algorithms for the prediction of material properties; 

(C) advance understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials; 

(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies and advanced manufacturing; and 

(E) drive the development of advanced materials for applications that 

span the Department’s missions in energy, environment, and national security. 

(3) In carrying out this section, the Director shall leverage programs and activities across the Department. 

SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH. 

(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program to advance computational and networking capabilities to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena relevant to the development 

of new energy technologies and the competitiveness of the United States. 

(b) AMERICAN SUPER COMPUTING LEADERSHIP.— 

(1) RENAMING OF ACT.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the Department of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5501 note; Public Law 108– 

423) is amended by striking ‘‘Department of Energy High-End Computing 

Revitalization Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘American Super Computing 

Leadership Act’’. 

(B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 976(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act 

of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘Department of Energy 

High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘American 

Super Computing Leadership Act’’. 

(2) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act 

(15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by paragraph (1), is amended— 

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as paragraphs (3) 

through (6), respectively; 

(B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Energy. 

‘‘(2) EXASCALE COMPUTING.—The term ‘exascale computing’ means computing 

through the use of a computing machine that performs near or above 10 to the 

18th power operations per second.’’; and 

(C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by subparagraph (A)), by striking 

‘‘, acting through the Director of the Office of Science of the Department 

of Energy’’. 

(3) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH-END COMPUTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.—Section 3 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act 

(15 U.S.C. 5542), as renamed by paragraph (1), is amended— 

(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘program’’ and inserting ‘‘coordinated 

program across the Department’’; 

(B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘, which may’’ and all that follows 

through ‘‘multithreading architectures’’; and 

(C) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following: 

‘‘(d) EXASCALE COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a research program (referred 

to in this subsection as the ‘Program’) for exascale computing, including the development of two or more exascale computing machine architectures, to promote 

the missions of the Department. 

‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall— 

‘‘(i) establish a National Laboratory partnership for industry partners 

and institutions of higher education for codesign of exascale hardware, 

technology, software, and applications across all applicable organizations of the Department; 

‘‘(ii) acquire multiple exascale computing systems at the existing Departmental facilities that represent at least two distinct technology options developed under clause (i); 

‘‘(iii) develop such advancements in hardware and software technology as are required to fully realize the potential of an exascale proVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6621 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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duction system in addressing Department target applications and solving scientific problems involving predictive modeling and simulation, 

large scale data analytics and management, and artificial intelligence; 

‘‘(iv) explore the use of exascale computing technologies to advance a 

broad range of science and engineering; and 

‘‘(v) provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, 

access for researchers in industries in the United States, institutions 

of higher education, National Laboratories, and other Federal agencies 

to the exascale computing systems developed pursuant to clause (i). 

‘‘(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—The Secretary shall select the partnerships with the computing facilities of the Department under subparagraph 

(A) through a competitive, peer-review process. 

‘‘(3) CODESIGN AND APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 

‘‘(i) carry out the Program through an integration of applications, 

computer science, applied mathematics, and computer hardware architecture using the partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2) to 

ensure that, to the maximum extent practicable, two or more exascale 

computing machine architectures are capable of solving Department 

target applications and broader scientific problems, including predictive 

modeling and simulation, large scale data analytics and management, 

and artificial intelligence; and 

‘‘(ii) conduct outreach programs to increase the readiness for the use 

of such platforms by domestic industries, including manufacturers. 

‘‘(B) REPORT.—(i) The Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing how the integration under subparagraph (A) is furthering application science data and computational workloads across application interests, 

including national security, material science, physical science, cybersecurity, biological science, the Materials Genome and BRAIN Initiatives of the 

President, advanced manufacturing, and the national electric grid. 

‘‘(ii) The roles and responsibilities of National Laboratories and industry, 

including the definition of the roles and responsibilities within the Department to ensure an integrated program across the Department. 

‘‘(4) PROJECT REVIEW.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The exascale architectures developed pursuant to partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be reviewed through 

a project review process. 

‘‘(B) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 

subsection, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on— 

‘‘(i) the results of the review conducted under subparagraph (A); and 

‘‘(ii) the coordination and management of the Program to ensure an 

integrated research program across the Department. 

‘‘(5) ANNUAL REPORTS.—At the time of the budget submission of the Department for each fiscal year, the Secretary, in consultation with the members of 

the partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report that describes funding for the Program as a whole by functional 

element of the Department and critical milestones.’’. 

(c) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING RESEARCH.—The Director 

shall support research in high-performance computing and networking relevant to 

energy applications, including modeling, simulation, machine learning, and advanced data analytics for basic and applied energy research programs carried out 

by the Secretary. 

(d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS, COMPUTATIONAL, AND COMPUTER SCIENCES RESEARCH.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out activities to develop, test, and 

support— 

(A) mathematics, models, statistics, and algorithms for complex systems 

and programming environments; and 

(B) tools, languages, and operations for high-end computing systems (as 

defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 

U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by this section). 

(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.—The Director shall maintain a balanced portfolio 

within the advanced scientific computing research and development program established under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) 

that supports robust investment in applied mathematical, computational, and 

computer sciences research while accommodating necessary investments in 

high-performance computing hardware and facilities. 

10 

(e) WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.—The Director of the Office of Advanced Scientific 

Computing Research shall support the development of a computational science 

workforce through a program that— 

(1) facilitates collaboration between university students and researchers at 

the National Laboratories; and 

(2) endeavors to advance science in areas relevant to the mission of the Department through the application of computational science. 

SEC. 6. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS. 

(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a research program on the fundamental constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time. 

(b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described in subsection (a) shall be to 

support theoretical and experimental research in both elementary particle physics 

and fundamental accelerator science and technology to understand fundamental 

properties of the universe. 

(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Congress that— 

(1) the Director should incorporate the findings and recommendations of the 

Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel’s report entitled ‘‘Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context’’, into the 

Department’s planning process as part of the program described in subsection 

(a); 

(2) the Director should prioritize domestically hosted research projects that 

will maintain the United States position as a global leader in particle physics 

and attract the world’s most talented physicists and foreign investment for 

international collaboration; and 

(3) the nations that lead in particle physics by hosting international teams 

dedicated to a common scientific goal attract the world’s best talent and inspire 

future generations of physicists and technologists. 

(d) NEUTRINO RESEARCH.—As part of the program described in subsection (a), the 

Director shall carry out research activities on rare decay processes and the nature 

of the neutrino, which may include collaborations with the National Science Foundation or international collaborations. 

(e) LONG-BASELINE NEUTRINO FACILITY FOR DEEP UNDERGROUND NEUTRINO EX- PERIMENT.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for a Long-Baseline Neutrino 

Facility to facilitate the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment 

to enable a program in neutrino physics to measure the fundamental properties 

of neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify the 

nature of matter and antimatter. 

(2) FACILITY CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities: 

(A) A broad-band neutrino beam capable of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam 

power and upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam power. 

(B) Four caverns excavated for a forty kiloton fiducial detector mass and 

supporting surface buildings and utilities. 

(C) Neutrino detector facilities at both the Far Site in South Dakota and 

the Near Site in Illinois to categorize and study neutrinos on their 800-mile 

journey between the two sites. 

(D) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino detectors. 

(3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before December 31, 2026. 

(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

for High Energy Physics, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry 

out activities, including construction of the facility, under this subsection— 

(A) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(5) DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER RESEARCH.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out research activities on the 

nature of dark energy and dark matter, which may include collaborations with 

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or the National Science 

Foundation, or international collaborations. 

(6) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—The Director, as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, shall ensure 

the access of United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron Collider. 

SEC. 7. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 

(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a program of basic research in the 

areas of biological systems science and environmental science relevant to the develVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6621 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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opment of new energy technologies and to support Department missions in energy, 

environment, and national security. 

(b) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry out research and development 

activities in fundamental, structural, computational, and systems biology to increase 

systems-level understanding of the complex biological systems, which may include 

activities— 

(1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable the 

cost-effective, sustainable production of— 

(A) biomass-based liquid transportation fuels; 

(B) bioenergy; and 

(C) biobased materials; 

(2) to improve understanding of the global carbon cycle, including processes 

for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis and 

other biological processes, for sequestration and storage; and 

(3) to understand the biological mechanisms used to transform, immobilize, 

or remove contaminants from subsurface environments. 

(c) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the Director 

shall select and establish up to 4 bioenergy research centers to conduct basic 

and fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, bio imaging 

and analysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels, chemicals from 

sustainable biomass resources, and to facilitate the translation of basic research 

results to industry. 

(2) SELECTION.—The Director shall select centers under paragraph (1) on a 

competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from 

National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 

entities. 

(3) DURATION.—A center established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. 

(4) EXISTING CENTERS.—The Director may select a center for participation 

under this subsection that is in existence, or undergoing a renewal process, on 

the date of enactment of this Act. Such center shall be eligible to receive support for the duration the 5-year period beginning on the date of establishment 

of such center. 

(5) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under 

this subsection, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. 

(6) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause during 

the performance period. 

(d) LOW DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

U.S.C. 16311 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 977 the following 

new section: 

‘‘SEC. 977A. LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a basic research program on lowdose radiation to— 

‘‘(1) enhance the scientific understanding of, and reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation; and 

‘‘(2) inform improved risk-assessment and risk-management methods with respect to such radiation. 

‘‘(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the program required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 

‘‘(1) formulate scientific goals for low-dose radiation basic research in the 

United States; 

‘‘(2) identify ongoing scientific challenges for understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems; 

‘‘(3) develop a long-term strategic and prioritized basic research agenda to address such scientific challenges in coordination with other research efforts; 

‘‘(4) leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing low-dose radiation 

research; and 

‘‘(5) engage with other Federal agencies, research communities, and potential 

users of information produced under this section, including institutions concerning radiation research, medical physics, radiology, health physics, and 

emergency response. 

12 

‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in coordination 

with the Physical Science Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology 

Council, shall— 

‘‘(1) support the directives under section 106 of the American Innovation and 

Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601 note); 

‘‘(2) ensure that the Office of Science of the Department of Energy consults 

with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Homeland 

Security; 

‘‘(3) advise and assist the National Science and Technology Council on policies 

and initiatives in radiation biology, including enhancing scientific knowledge of 

the effects of low-dose radiation on biological systems to improve radiation riskassessment and risk-management methods; and 

‘‘(4) identify opportunities to stimulate international cooperation relating to 

low-dose radiation and leverage research and knowledge from sources outside 

of the United States. 

‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 

Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 

Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic 

research needs relating to low-dose radiation. In developing such plan, the Secretary 

shall incorporate the components described in subsection (b). 

‘‘(e) DEFINITION OF LOW-DOSE RADIATION.—In this section, the term ‘low-dose radiation’ means a radiation dose of less than 100 millisieverts. 

‘‘(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to subject 

any research carried out by the Secretary for the program under this section to any 

limitations described in 977(e) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)). 

‘‘(g) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Biological and 

Environmental Research, the Secretary make available to carry out this section— 

‘‘(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

‘‘(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.’’. 

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for subtitle G of title IX 

of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by inserting after the item relating 

to section 977 the following: 

‘‘977A. Low-dose radiation research program.’’. 

(e) MODELING RESEARCH.—As part of the activities described in subsection (a), the 

Director is authorized to carry out research to develop multiscale computational 

models that incorporate and examine interactions among human and earth systems. 

(f) LIMITATION FOR RESEARCH FUNDS.—The Director shall not approve new climate science-related initiatives without making a determination that such work is 

well-coordinated with any relevant work carried out by other Federal agencies. 

SEC. 8. FUSION ENERGY. 

(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a fusion energy sciences research program to expand the understanding of plasmas and matter at very high temperatures and densities and build the science and engineering foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source. 

(b) INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall carry out a program of research and technology development in inertial 

fusion for energy applications, including ion beam, laser, and pulsed power fusion 

systems. 

(c) TOKAMAK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support research and development activities and facility operations to optimize the tokamak approach to fusion energy. 

(2) INTERNATIONAL THERMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR CONSTRUCTION.—Section 972 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 

‘‘(7) ITER CONSTRUCTION.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized United States participation in the 

construction and operations of the ITER project, as agreed to under the 

April 25, 2007 ‘Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International 

Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the ITER 

Project.’. 

‘‘(B) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary shall ensure that the mission-oriented user facility will enable the study of a burning plasma, and 

shall be built to have the following characteristics in its full configuration: 

13 

‘‘(i) A tokamak device with a plasma radius of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field of 5.3 T. 

‘‘(ii) Capable of creating and sustaining a 15-million-Ampere plasma 

current for greater than 300 seconds. 

‘‘(C) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—From within funds authorized 

to be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science 

and Innovation Act of 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is authorized 

for in-kind contributions under this paragraph— ‘‘(i) $122,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

‘‘(ii) $163,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

‘‘(D) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—From within funds authorized 

to be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science 

and Innovation Act of 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is authorized 

for cash contributions under this paragraph— ‘‘(i) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

‘‘(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.’’. 

(d) ALTERNATIVE AND ENABLING CONCEPTS.— (1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program described in subsection (a), the Director shall support research and development activities and facility operations 

at United States universities, national laboratories, and private facilities for a 

portfolio of alternative and enabling fusion energy concepts that may provide 

solutions to significant challenges to the establishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power plant, prioritized based on the ability of the United States 

to play a leadership role in the international fusion research community. Fusion 

energy concepts and activities explored under this paragraph may include— 

(A) high magnetic field approaches facilitated by high temperature superconductors; 

(B) advanced stellarator concepts; 

(C) non-tokamak confinement configurations operating at low magnetic 

fields; 

(D) magnetized target fusion energy concepts; 

(E) liquid metals to address issues associated with fusion plasma interactions with the inner wall of the encasing device; 

(F) immersion blankets for heat management and fuel breeding; 

(G) advanced scientific computing activities; and 

(H) other promising fusion energy concepts identified by the Director. 

(2) COORDINATION WITH ARPA–E.—The Under Secretary and the Director shall 

coordinate with the Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy 

(in this paragraph referred to as ‘‘ARPA–E’’) to— 

(A) assess the potential for any fusion energy project supported by 

ARPA–E to represent a promising approach to a commercially viable fusion 

power plant; 

(B) determine whether the results of any fusion energy project supported 

by ARPA–E merit the support of follow-on research activities carried out by 

the Office of Science; and 

(C) avoid unintentional duplication of activities. 

(e) FAIRNESS IN COMPETITION FOR SOLICITATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL PROJECT

ACTIVITIES.—Section 33 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2053) is 

amended by inserting before the first sentence the following: ‘‘In this section, with 

respect to international research projects, the term ‘private facilities or laboratories’ 

means facilities or laboratories located in the United States.’’. 

(f) IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES.— 

(1) REPORT.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 

this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the fusion energy research and development activities that the Department proposes to 

carry out over the 10-year period following the date of the report under not 

fewer than 3 realistic budget scenarios, including a scenario based on 3-percent annual growth in the non-ITER portion of the budget for fusion energy 

research and development activities. 

(B) INCLUSIONS.—The report required under subparagraph (A) shall— 

(i) identify specific areas of fusion energy research and enabling technology development, including activities to advance inertial and alternative fusion energy concepts, in which the United States can and 

should establish or solidify a lead in the global fusion energy development effort; 

(ii) identify priorities for initiation of facility construction and facility 

decommissioning under each of the three budget scenarios described in 

subparagraph (A); and 

14 

(iii) assess the ability of the fusion workforce of the United States to 

carry out the activities identified under clauses (i) and (ii), including 

the adequacy of programs at institutions of higher education in the 

United States to train the leaders and workers of the next generation 

of fusion energy researchers. 

(2) PROCESS.—In order to develop the report required under paragraph (1)(A), 

the Secretary shall leverage best practices and lessons learned from the process 

used to develop the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 

Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel. 

(3) REQUIREMENT.—No member of the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee shall be excluded from participating in developing or voting on final approval of the report required under paragraph (1)(A). 

SEC. 9. NUCLEAR PHYSICS. 

(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a program of experimental and theoretical research, and support associated facilities, to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear matter. 

(b) ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR RESEARCH APPLICATIONS.—The 

Director— 

(1) may carry out a program for the production of isotopes, including the development of techniques to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines are 

needed for research, medical, industrial, or related purposes; and 

(2) shall ensure that isotope production activities carried out under the program under this paragraph do not compete with private industry unless the Director determines that critical national interests require the involvement of the 

Federal Government. 

(c) RENAMING OF THE RARE ISOTOPE ACCELERATOR.—Section 981 of the Energy 

Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16321) is amended— 

(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘RARE ISOTOPE ACCELERATOR’’ and inserting ‘‘FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS’’; and 

(2) by striking ‘‘Rare Isotope Accelerator’’ each place it appears and inserting 

‘‘Facility for Rare Isotope Beams’’. 

(d) FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for a Facility for Rare Isotope 

Beams to advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution 

of the cosmos. 

(2) FACILITY CAPABILITY.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 

provide for, at a minimum, a rare isotope beam facility capable of 400 kW of 

beam power. 

(3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before June 30, 2022, with early operation in 2018. 

(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

for Nuclear Physics, there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 

activities, including construction of the facility, under this subsection— 

(A) $101,200,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(B) $86,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

SEC. 10. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a program to improve the safety, 

efficiency, and mission readiness of infrastructure at Office of Science laboratories. 

The program shall include projects to— 

(1) renovate or replace space that does not meet research needs; 

(2) replace facilities that are no longer cost effective to renovate or operate; 

(3) modernize utility systems to prevent failures and ensure efficiency; 

(4) remove excess facilities to allow safe and efficient operations; and 

(5) construct modern facilities to conduct advanced research in controlled environmental conditions. 

(b) APPROACH.—In carrying out this section, the Director shall utilize all available 

approaches and mechanisms, including capital line items, minor construction 

projects, energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, alternative financing, and expense funding, as appropriate. 

SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

(a) FISCAL YEAR 2018.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 

for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2018 $6,259,903,000, of which— 

(1) $2,090,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science; 

(2) $908,000,000 shall be for High Energy Physics; 

(3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research; 

(4) $684,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics; 

15 

(5) $810,000,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research; 

(6) $532,111,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences; 

(7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure; 

(8) $183,000,000 shall be for Science Program Direction; 

(9) $103,000,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and 

(10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists. 

(b) FISCAL YEAR 2019.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2019 $6,600,000,000, of which— (1) $2,129,233,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science; 

(2) $1,004,510,000 shall be for High Energy Physics; 

(3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental Research; 

(4) $690,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics; 

(5) $899,010,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing Research; 

(6) $640,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences; 

(7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Laboratories Infrastructure; 

(8) $181,345,000 shall be for Science Program Direction; 

(9) $106,110,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and 

(10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists. 

COMMITTEE STATEMENT AND VIEWS

PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

The purpose of H.R. 5905, the ‘‘Department of Energy Science 

and Innovation Act of 2018,’’ is to provide for technological innovation through the prioritization of Federal investment in basic research and fundamental scientific discovery, and to make reforms 

to Federal science policy at the Department of Energy to ensure future United States economic competitiveness and security. 

This bill authorizes the Department of Energy (DOE)’s Office of 

Science for fiscal years (FY) 2018 and 2019, including fundamental 

research in basic energy sciences (BES), advanced scientific computing research (ASCR), high energy physics (HEP), biological and 

environmental research (BER), fusion energy science (FES), and 

nuclear physics (NP). It also specifically authorizes basic research 

programs in solar fuels, electricity storage, exascale computing, bioenergy research, materials research, and low dose radiation. 

This legislation also authorizes upgrades to and construction of 

seven major DOE user facilities and provides funds to secure U.S. 

participation in a critical international fusion research project. 

BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION

Federal policies that focus on scientific and technological advancement have been a recurring subject of congressional attention 

since the founding of the United States. Among the major postWorld War II legislation in this area are the Atomic Energy Act of 

1954 (P.L. 83–703), the Department of Energy Organization Act of 

1977 (P.L. 95–91), the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102–486), 

the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109–58), and the America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science (COMPETES) Act (P.L. 110–69). 

In 2010, Congress passed and the President signed into law, the 

America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111–358). 

This authorization included limited provisions directing programs 

within the Department of Energy, including the DOE Office of 

Science, and expired at the end of 2014. 

H.R. 5905 authorizes all Office of Science basic research programs, and if enacted, would be the first comprehensive DOE basic 

16 

research authorization in law. This legislation also authorizes specific basic research in exascale computing, chemistry and materials 

science relevant to advanced electricity storage systems, chemistry 

and materials science relevant to experimental solar fuels systems, 

and low dose radiation research. 

The Office of Science within the Department of Energy (DOE) is 

the largest federal sponsor of basic research in the physical 

sciences. It conducts research in high performance computing, basic 

energy sciences, biological and environmental research, high energy 

physics, fusion energy, and nuclear physics. 

DOE also operates world-class, open-access user facilities around 

the country at the DOE national laboratories. These facilities include the supercomputers, x-ray light sources, photon sources, and 

neutron sources necessary to conduct ground-breaking basic research, and host approximately 30,000 researchers annually from 

around the world. 

The Committee recognizes that these best-in-the-world science 

facilities uniquely enable research conducted through the DOE Office of Science and other federal sponsors of basic research, and facilitate revolutionary discoveries about the atomic structure, properties, and dynamics of materials. Future transformative breakthroughs in innovative energy technologies will likely arise from a 

strong foundation in basic research, particularly in the study of 

and development of unique materials, for which the facilities authorized in this bill provide critical capabilities. For this reason, 

this legislation specifically authorizes funding to provide for upgrades and construction for these critical science research facilities. 

Research infrastructure 

This legislation relies on the assessments of the Department and 

the scientific community, primarily through the long-range planning function of the DOE Office of Science Basic Energy Sciences 

Advisory Committee (BESAC), the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC), and the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel 

(HEPAP). These advisory committees, chartered under the Federal 

Advisory Committee Act (FACA) and comprised of representatives 

from universities, national laboratories, and industries involved in 

relevant areas of research, provide official technical advice to the 

Department and other federal agencies on the national program 

priorities for basic energy sciences, nuclear science research, and 

high-energy physics research. 

Based on the recommendations provided in the most recent reports issued from each advisory committee, H.R. 5905 authorizes 

the completion of upgrades and construction of scientific user facilities necessary to undertake the next generation of transformative 

research in these areas. Under this legislation, the Secretary of Energy is authorized to provide for an upgrade to the Advanced Light 

Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) 

and a high energy upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II 

(LCLS–II) at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Laboratory (SLAC), an upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at 

Argonne National Laboratory in IL, as well as a Proton Power Upgrade (PPU) and the construction of a Second Target Station (STS) 

for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National 

17 

Laboratory (ORNL) under the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) program within the DOE Office of Science. 

The Secretary is also authorized to complete the construction of 

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), located at Michigan State 

University, funded through the Office of Nuclear Physics (NP), and 

to construct the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) underground sites at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) 

in Batavia, IL, and the Sanford Underground Research Facility 

(SURF) in Lead, SD, in order to complete the Deep Underground 

Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) funded by the High Energy Physics 

(HEP) program within the DOE Office of Science. 

The ALS is a specialized particle accelerator that generates 

bright beams of x-ray light for scientific research. Electron bunches 

travel at nearly the speed of light in a circular path, emitting ultraviolet and x-ray light in the process. The light is directed through 

about 40 beamlines to numerous experimental end-stations, where 

scientists conduct research in a wide variety of fields, including 

materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and the environmental sciences. The ALS–U will employ new technology to 

produce highly focused beams of soft x-ray light that are up to 1000 

times brighter than current capability. Soft x-rays, like those produced at the ALS, are optimal for probing the electronic structure 

of chemicals and materials. 

LCLS–II is the world’s first hard x-ray free-electron laser. Scientists use its strobe-like pulses to take crisp pictures of atomic 

motions, watch chemical reactions unfold, probe the properties of 

materials and explore fundamental processes in living things. The 

LCLS–II high energy upgrade (LCLS–II–HE) will build on the success of LCLS–II to ensure that the U.S. maintains a world-leading 

capability for advanced research in chemistry, materials, biology 

and energy. LCLS–II–HE will provide a major jump in capability— 

moving from 120 pulses per second to 1 million pulses per second, 

and will enable researchers to perform experiments in a wide range 

of fields that are now impossible. 

The APS is one of the most advanced synchrotron radiation research facilities in the world. The APS produces ultra-bright, highenergy, storage ring-generated x-ray beams which enable scientists 

to study the structure and behavior of physical and biological materials. This research enables innovation in many fields, including 

materials synthesis and pharmaceutical development. The APS–U 

will increase the brightness of the APS hard x-ray beams, which 

allows more x-rays to be focused onto a smaller area and provides 

more detailed data for researchers in less time. Hard x-rays, like 

those produced at the APS, are optimal for determining the atomic 

structure of materials and penetrating into condensed phase media. 

The SNS is a one-of-a-kind neutron scattering research facility 

that provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world 

for scientific research and industrial development. This source of 

brighter and more intense neutrons enables unprecedented research opportunities, allowing scientists to make sensitive measurements in complex sample environments, with higher resolution 

and speed than any existing neutron facility. 

The SNS–PPU will update the SNS accelerator complex, doubling the power of its proton beam and greatly increasing the flux 

(the neutron density (n) multiplied by neutron velocity (v)) on 

18 

SNS’s existing First Target Station neutron beamlines. This will 

correspondingly increase the capacity and capability of these neutron beamlines to power important experiments and analyses. 

The SNS–PPU will also provide power for the SNS–STS. In order 

to maintain its leadership in the field of neutron science, the SNS 

requires a second target station to provide opportunity to a growing 

research community. The STS will double the number of beamlines 

at SNS, significantly expanding the number of instrument stations 

and opportunities for cutting-edge neutron scattering research at 

this facility. Combined, the PPU and the STS will allow SNS to 

reach its full potential and provide for world-leading neutron 

science here in the U.S. 

The Department’s longstanding support and prioritization of the 

ALS upgrade, the high energy upgrade to LCLS–II, the APS upgrade, and the two upgrades to the SNS is documented in a publication of the Office of Science titled, ‘‘Facilities for the Future of 

Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook,’’ published November 2003, and 

its publication of ‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook,’’ published 

August 2007. In June 2016, the BESAC released a report titled, 

‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades,’’ which identified the ALS–U, the 

LCLS–II–HE, the APS–U, SNS–PPU, and SNS–STS as the five priority upgrade projects within BES. In this report, the BESAC determined that these facilities are absolutely central to U.S. contributions to world leading science. 

DOE nuclear physics research programs support the experimental and theoretical research needed to discover, explore, and 

understand all forms of nuclear matter. Within the area of low energy nuclear physics research, FRIB will advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos. 

FRIB, which is currently under construction, is a one-of-a-kind, linear accelerator user facility that will use fast, stopped, and reaccelerated rare isotope beams to allow researchers to study a variety 

of rare isotopes and their properties. 

FRIB will expand the foundational understanding of nuclear 

structure, the atomic interactions of nuclear species, and the origin 

of elements, and will enable critical nuclear science research across 

a wide breadth of fields, ranging from medicine to astrophysics. 

The Department’s longstanding support of the construction of a 

rare isotope accelerator is documented in a publication of NSAC titled, ‘‘Opportunities in Nuclear Science, A Long-Range Plan for the 

Next Decade,’’ published April 2002. In December 2007, NSAC recommended the construction of FRIB in its publication of ‘‘The Frontiers of Nuclear Science, A Long Range Plan,’’ and in October 2015, 

NSAC listed the completion of FRIB construction as one of the 

committee’s highest priorities in its publication titled, ‘‘Reaching 

for the Horizon: The 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science.’’ 

The HEP program is tasked with conducting the theoretical and 

experimental particle physics and accelerator science and technology in order to discover the most elementary constituents of 

matter and energy, the basic nature of space and time, and interactions between the two. The LBNF project is a critical component 

of these long-term research goals. 

The LBNF is an internationally coordinated project, designed to 

build the world’s highest intensity neutrino beam and a suite of 

19 

cryogenic near detectors at Fermilab. This facility will be used to 

run the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which 

will measure the neutrino beamline generated at LBNF on cuttingedge, far detectors located 800 miles away at the SURF in South 

Dakota. 

Longstanding support for construction of this world-leading neutrino facility is documented in the HEPAP report titled, ‘‘US Particle Physics: Scientific Opportunities, A Strategic Plan for the 

Next Ten Years, Report of the Particle Physics Project 

Prioritization Panel,’’ published May 2008, and in its publication titled, ‘‘Major High Energy Physics Facilities 2014–2024, Input to 

the prioritization of proposed scientific user facilities for the Office 

of Science,’’ published March 2013. In May 2014, HEPAP named 

the execution of the LBNF at Fermilab as ‘‘the highest priority 

large project in its timeframe,’’ in its publication titled, ‘‘Building 

for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global 

Context, Report of the Particle Physics Prioritization Panel.’’ 

Basic research priorities 

H.R. 5905 also identifies and authorizes critical basic research 

initiatives throughout the Office of Science. This includes programs 

in electricity storage, solar fuels, materials science, high performance computing, low dose radiation research, and fusion energy. 

Within the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) program, H.R. 5905 authorizes basic research in chemistry and materials science relevant 

to advanced electricity storage systems and experimental solar 

fuels systems. It directs DOE to organize its efforts to advance scientific knowledge relevant to advanced electricity storage concepts 

under the new Electricity Storage Basic Research Initiative, and to 

advance artificial photosynthesis, photosynthesis replication, and 

related processes to produce chemical energy, under the new Solar 

Fuels Basic Research Initiative. 

Another key area of basic research authorized in this legislation 

is high performance computing, authorized within the Advanced 

Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program. High performance 

computation maintains U.S. competitiveness in the global market 

for scientific research and development. The next generation of 

high performance computing facilities, also known as exascale computing systems, will require new developments in hardware and 

software. The capabilities provided by exascale systems will be significantly more advanced than current capabilities and serve as a 

mechanism to greatly enhance scientific research and will also support DOE’s nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship mission. 

Accordingly, this legislation provides the Department with statutory authority to build and operate first-of-a-kind exascale computing systems incorporating increased resiliency features and optimized power requirements. 

This legislation also authorizes a specific program in low dose radiation research within the Biological and Environmental Research 

(BER) program. 

There is wide consensus among the radiobiology community that 

more research is necessary for physicians and related experts to 

make better informed decisions regarding the health risks associated with low doses of ionizing radiation. This consensus is referenced in the June 2005 publication of The National Academies 

20 

Press titled, ‘‘Health Risks From Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII Phase 2,’’ and in the 2012 publication of 

the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements titled, ‘‘Report No. 171—Uncertainties in the Estimation of Radiation 

Risks and Probability of Disease Causation’’, and in a September 

2017 publication of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) titled, ‘‘Low Dose Radiation: Interagency Collaboration on Planning 

Research Could Improve Information on Health Effects,’’ which recommends that DOE lead the development of a mechanism for 

interagency collaboration on research of the health effects linked to 

low dose radiation exposures. Based on the recommendations provided in the GAO publication, as well as consistent feedback provided to this Committee by researchers and stakeholders in the radiation biology and medical communities, H.R. 5905 reinstates the 

Department’s historical leadership in this field and authorizes DOE 

to re-start the low-dose radiation basic research program. 

Within the Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) program, H.R. 5905 

authorizes both tokamak fusion research and inertial fusion research. Specifically, this legislation asserts Congressional support 

for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) 

Project. Considered the leading research initiative in fusion science, 

the goal of ITER project is to design, build, and operate the world’s 

first net-energy producing fusion device. The ITER project is a critical step on the path to achieving commercial fusion energy, a 

transformative clean energy technology for the next generation. Appropriately, this legislation prioritizes the Department’s contribution to this critical field of basic research. 

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

During the 114th and 115th Congresses, the House Committee 

on Science, Space, and Technology held 16 hearings relevant to the 

activities authorized in this bill. 

On January 7, 2015, H.R. 35, the Low-Dose Radiation Research 

Act of 2015, passed the House under suspension of the rules. 

On January 28, 2015, the Subcommittee on Energy held a hearing entitled, ‘‘Super Computing and American Technology Leadership.’’ The purpose of this hearing was to assess the Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program within the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Science as a mechanism to 

support technological advancement in the United States. This hearing examined DOE high performance computing (HPC) facilities’ 

unique ability to accelerate innovation and inform the Committee 

regarding the applications and benefits from sustained investment 

in the ASCR program. Witnesses included Mr. Norman Augustine, 

Board Member, Bipartisan Policy Center; Dr. Roscoe Giles, Chairman, DOE Advanced Scientific Computing Advisory Committee; 

Mr. David Turek, Vice President, Technical Computing, IBM; and 

Dr. James Crowley, Executive Director, Society for Industrial and 

Applied Mathematics. 

On February 25, 2015, the Full Committee held a hearing entitled, ‘‘An Overview of the Budget Proposal for the Department of 

Energy for Fiscal Year 2016.’’ The purpose of this hearing was to 

examine the Department of Energy’s science and technology priorities and their impact on the allocation of funding within the Department’s research, development, demonstration, and commerVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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cialization activities. The witness was The Honorable Ernest 

Moniz, Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy. 

On April 15, 2015, H.R. 1806 was introduced by Representative 

Lamar Smith, with Mr. Lucas, Mrs. Comstock, Mr. Weber of Texas, 

Mr. Moolenaar, Mr. Palazzo, Mr. Hultgren, Mr. Knight, Mr. Babin, 

and Mr. Loudermilk. 

On May 1, 2015, the Subcommittee on Energy held a hearing titled ‘‘Innovations in Battery Storage for Renewable Energy,’’ which 

explored the state of large-scale battery storage and key technology 

breakthroughs achieved through research and development at the 

national labs and the Department of Energy, and how innovative 

energy storage companies use basic science research to develop and 

move breakthrough battery storage technology to the energy market. 

On May 20, 2015, H.R. 1806, the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015, passed the House. 

On June 17, 2015, the Energy Subcommittee of the Committee 

on Science, Space, and Technology held a hearing titled ‘‘Department of Energy Oversight: Energy Innovation Hubs,’’ which scrutinized the effectiveness of the DOE’s model for energy innovation by 

leveraging expertise from the DOE laboratories, universities, and 

the private sector. 

On November 18, 2015, the Energy Subcommittee held a hearing 

titled, ‘‘Recommendations of the Commission to Review the Effectiveness of the National Energy Laboratories.’’ Witnesses were: Mr. 

TJ Glauthier, Co-Chair, Commission to Review the Effectiveness of 

the National Energy Laboratories; Dr. Jared L. Cohon, Co-Chair, 

Commission to Review the Effectiveness of the National Energy 

Laboratories; Dr. Peter, Littlewood, Director, Argonne National 

Laboratory. 

On March 22, 2016, the Committee held a hearing titled, ‘‘An 

Overview of the Budget Proposal for the Department of Energy for 

Fiscal Year 2017.’’ The witness was The Honorable Ernest Moniz, 

Secretary of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. 

On June 15, 2016, the Energy Subcommittee of the Committee 

on Science, Space, and Technology held a hearing titled, ‘‘Innovation in Solar Fuels, Electricity Storage, and Advanced Materials,’’ 

which explored opportunities in basic and early stage research and 

development for experimental solar fuels systems. 

On September 21, 2016, the Oversight Subcommittee and the 

Energy Subcommittee held a joint hearing titled, ‘‘Examining Misconduct and Intimidation of Scientists by Senior DOE Officials.’’ 

Witnesses were: Dr. Sharlene Weatherwax, Associate Director, Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy; 

Dr. Noelle Metting, Radiation Biologist, U.S. Department of Energy. 

On January 6, 2017, S. 3084, the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act, which includes authority for DOE to formulate 

scientific goals for future low-dose radiation research and to ensure 

coordination between Federal agencies for research in radiation biology, was signed into law (P.L. 114–329). 

On January 24, 2017, H.R. 589, the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act, which includes policy directives for the 

DOE Office of Science, passed the House without amendment. 

22 

On June 28, 2017, the Energy Subcommittee and the Research 

and Technology Subcommittee held a hearing titled, ‘‘Material 

Science: Building the Future.’’ Witnesses were: Dr. Matthew 

Tirrell, Deputy Laboratory Director for Science and Chief Research 

Officer, Argonne National Laboratory; Dr. Laurie Locascio, Acting 

Associate Director for Laboratory Programs and Director, Material 

Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and 

Technology; Dr. Adam Schwartz, Director, Ames Laboratory; Dr. 

Fred Higgs, John and Ann Doerr Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University. 

On July 19, 2017, the Committee held a hearing titled, ‘‘Energy 

Innovation: Letting Technology Lead.’’ Witnesses were: Dr. Jacob 

DeWitte, President and CEO, Oklo; Dr. Gaurav N. Sant, Associate 

Professor and Henry Samueli Fellow, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering 

and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. 

Venky Narayanamurti, Benjamin Peirce Research Professor of 

Technology and Public Policy, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University; Mr. Kiran 

Kumaraswamy, Market Development Director, AES Energy Storage. 

On November 1, 2017, the Energy Subcommittee held a hearing 

titled, ‘‘The Future of Low Dose Radiation Research.’’ Witnesses 

were: Mr. John Neumann, Director of Science and Technology 

Issues, Government Accountability Office; Dr. Gayle Woloschak, 

Professor of Radiation Oncology and Radiology, Northwestern University; Dr. James Brink, Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical 

School, Radiologist-in-Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital. 

On November 13, 2017, Energy Subcommittee Vice Chair Stephen Knight introduced H.R. 4376, the Department of Energy Research Infrastructure Act of 2018, and Rep. Randy Hultgren introduced H.R. 4377, the Accelerating American Innovation in Science 

Act of 2018, which were referred solely to the Committee. 

On November 15, 2017, the Committee on Science, Space, and 

Technology approved and ordered reported H.R. 4376 and H.R. 

4377 by voice vote. 

On December 3, 2017, Rep. Roger Marshall introduced H.R. 

4675, the Low Dose Radiation Research Act of 2018 which was referred solely to the Committee. 

On January 30, 2018, the Committee held a hearing titled, ‘‘Department of Energy: Management and Priorities.’’ Witnesses were 

the Honorable Paul Dabbar, Under Secretary for Science, U.S. Department of Energy, and the Honorable Mark Menezes, Under Secretary of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. 

On February 13, 2018, H.R. 4376, H.R. 4377, and H.R. 4675 

passed the House under suspension of the rules. 

On March 6, 2018, the Energy Subcommittee held a hearing titled, ‘‘The Future of U.S. Fusion Energy Research.’’ Witnesses were 

Dr. Bernard Bigot, Director General of the ITER Organization, Dr. 

James Van Dam, Acting Associate Director of Fusion Energy 

Sciences, Department of Energy Office of Science, Dr. Mickey 

Wade, the Director of Advanced Fusion Systems, Magnetic Fusion 

Energy Division at General Atomics, and Dr. Mark Herrmann, the 

Director of the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore 

National Laboratory. 

23 

On March 13, 2018, the Committee held a hearing titled, ‘‘National Laboratories: World-Leading Innovation in Science.’’ Witnesses were Dr. Mark Peters, the Director of Idaho National Laboratory, Dr. Susan Seestrom, the Advanced Science and Technology 

Associate Laboratory Director and Chief Research Officer at Sandia 

National Laboratory, Dr. Mary E. Maxon, the Associate Laboratory 

Director for Biosciences at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 

Dr. Chi-Chang Kao, the Director of Stanford Linear Accelerator 

Center, National Accelerator Laboratory, and Dr. Paul Kearns, the 

Director of Argonne National Laboratory. 

On May 9, 2018, the Committee held a hearing titled, ‘‘An Overview of the Budget Proposal for the Department of Energy for Fiscal Year 2019.’’ The witness was The Honorable Rick Perry, Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy. 

COMMITTEE VIEWS

Basic Energy Sciences 

The Committee recognizes the importance of the Basic Energy 

Sciences (BES) mission to support basic research in materials 

science, chemical science, and physical bioscience and geoscience to 

provide the scientific foundations for future energy technologies. 

H.R. 5905 reauthorizes the Energy Frontier Research Centers 

(EFRCs), which will continue to support Office of Science’s basic research mission by convening talented groups of researchers to confront fundamental challenges for potentially transformative energy 

technologies. The Committee acknowledges the contributions of the 

following reports: the BESAC ‘‘Grand Challenges’’ report, the 

BESAC ‘‘From Quanta to the Continuum: Opportunities for 

Mesoscale Science’’ report, and the ‘‘Basic Energy Sciences Basic 

Research Needs’’ workshop report. 

The Committee finds that the Department should prioritize key 

areas of basic research, including research in fundamental science 

that could support the development of new technologies in electricity storage and solar fuels. The Committee encourages DOE to 

consider new mechanisms to efficiently make accessible the milestone driven research that will result from initiatives in these 

areas in order to most effectively engage with the research community. 

The Committee also recognizes the importance of the BES contribution to the high performance computing research through its 

Computational Materials Sciences activities. The Committee encourages the DOE to coordinate research efforts between BES and 

the Exascale Computing Initiative, in order to accelerate the development of advanced computing architectures in the United States. 

The Committee supports the integration of BES materials science 

disciplines with advanced computing initiatives, including research 

that incorporates machine learning to expedite the processing and 

application of experimental materials data. 

The Committee urges the BES program to aggressively pursue a 

strategy to maintain and expand upon its world-class, open-access 

user facilities, including x-ray light sources, neutron sources, and 

nanoscale science research centers. The Committee recognizes that 

these facilities uniquely enable research to provide useful informaVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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tion and revolutionary discovery about the atomic structure and dynamics in materials. 

H.R. 5905 prioritizes BES funding and supports the upgrade to 

the ALS, the LCLS–II–HE, the APS upgrade, the SNS–PPU, and 

the SNS–STS. 

Advanced Light Source upgrade 

H.R. 5905 authorizes the upgrade to the ALS described in the 

publication approved by the BESAC on June 9, 2016, titled, ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades.’’ This includes the development of a 

multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent xrays within the soft x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines 

optimized for this source. The Committee concurs with the assessment of the Department and the most recent BESAC report that 

the completion of this upgrade is essential to maintaining worldleading science here in the United States. 

The ALS upgrade authorized in this legislation will utilize new 

advances in accelerator technologies to produce soft x-ray beams 

that are several orders of magnitude brighter than the current ALS 

beamlines. In order to ensure the on-schedule, on-budget construction of this project, the Committee includes sufficient annual authorizations for FY 2018 and 2019 in this legislation and recommends future sufficient annual funding requiring the Department to complete the ALS upgrade by the close of 2026. 

Linac Coherent Light Source High Energy upgrade 

H.R. 5905 authorizes the LCLS–II–HE upgrade described in the 

June 9, 2016, BESAC ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades,’’ including the 

development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to 

reveal fundamental scientific discoveries. The Committee concurs 

with the assessment of the Department and this most recent 

BESAC report that the completion of this upgrade is essential to 

maintaining world-leading science here in the United States. 

The LCLS–II–HE upgrade authorized in this legislation will provide researchers with the imaging capability necessary to advance 

discoveries in chemistry, materials science, biology, and energy. In 

order to ensure the on-schedule, on-budget construction of this 

project, the Committee includes sufficient annual authorizations for 

FY 2018 and 2019 in this legislation and recommends future sufficient annual funding requiring the Department to complete the 

LCLS–II–HE upgrade by the close of 2025. 

Advanced Photon Source upgrade 

H.R. 5905 authorizes an upgrade to the APS as described in the 

publication approved by the BESAC on June 9, 2016, titled, ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades.’’ This includes the development of a 

multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent xrays within the hard x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines 

optimized for this source. The Committee concurs with the assessment of the Department and the most recent BESAC report that 

the completion of this upgrade is essential to maintaining worldleading science here in the United States. 

The APS upgrade authorized in this legislation will harness new 

advances in storage ring technologies to increase the brightness of 

the APS beamline. These improved capabilities will yield a vast inVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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crease in imaging output, allowing researchers to observe materials 

under real conditions at extremely small scales. In order to ensure 

the on-schedule, on-budget construction of this project, the Committee includes sufficient annual authorizations for FY 2018 and 

2019 in this legislation and recommends future sufficient annual 

funding requiring the Department to complete the APS upgrade by 

the close of 2025. 

Spallation Neutron Source Proton Power upgrade and Second Target Station 

H.R. 5905 authorizes two upgrades to the SNS as described in 

the publication approved by the BESAC on June 9, 2016, titled, 

‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades.’’ The Committee concurs with the assessment of the Department and the most recent BESAC report 

that the completion of these upgrades are essential to maintaining 

world-leading science here in the United States. 

Currently, the SNS is the most powerful pulsed neutron user facility in the world. However, the Committee finds that without the 

upgrades authorized in this legislation, this leading facility will be 

surpassed by the European Spallation Source, which is currently 

under construction in Sweden and is expected to provide approximately an order of magnitude higher neutron flux than the SNS by 

2024. Upon completion, the SNS–PPU and SNS–STS will ensure 

that the SNS remains the leading site for research in soft matter, 

biology, and polymer science that is facilitated by neutron experiments. 

The June 2016 BESAC report also concluded that ORNL must 

resolve ‘‘significant scientific/engineering challenges’’ in order to ensure that the planned upgrades would effectively increase the repetition rate and average brightness at the SNS, and that more engagement with the neutron science user community was required 

to ensure the development of a compelling and robust set of ‘‘first 

experiments’’ for the upgraded SNS before initiating construction. 

However, following discussions with Department officials and 

ORNL leadership, the Committee finds that ORNL has provided 

the necessary responses to the Department in order to proceed with 

the construction of this project. 

In order to ensure the on-schedule, on-budget construction of 

these projects, the Committee includes sufficient annual authorizations for FY 2018 and 2019 in this legislation and recommends future sufficient annual funding requiring the Department to complete the SNS–PPU by the close of 2025 and the SNS–STS by the 

close of 2030. 

Advanced Scientific Computing Research 

The Committee recognizes that high performance computing 

(HPC) modeling supports nearly every area of technological advancement and encourages the Department to develop next generation computing facilities through its ASCR program within the Office of Science. High performance computation keeps the United 

States competitive in the global market for scientific research and 

development and, therefore, is another priority funding area in 

H.R. 5905. 

H.R. 5905 authorizes Department of Energy programs to operate 

first-of-a-kind computing systems incorporating increased resiliency 

26 

features and optimized power requirements. H.R. 5905 specifically 

authorizes an Exascale Computing Program that promotes the missions of the Department and requires the delivery of two or more 

exascale computing systems. The Committee finds that the Department should continue efforts in computer science and supporting 

research fields, and accordingly authorizes continued research in 

computer science, applied mathematics, and computer hardware architecture, in order to maintain a balanced portfolio that supports 

research outside of exascale delivery and facilitates workforce development. 

High Energy Physics 

The Committee supports the Particle Physics Projects 

Prioritization Panel’s report entitled ‘‘Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context.’’ The 

Committee encourages the High Energy Physics (HEP) program 

within the Office of Science to work towards regaining the United 

States’ global leadership position in neutrino science and anticipates the completion of the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility 

(LBNF). The Committee also recognizes the importance of continued support for smaller-scale projects, including the Dark Energy 

Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and upgrades such as the Proton 

Improvement Plan II (PIP–II). 

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility 

H.R. 5905 authorizes the construction of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 

(Fermilab) to facilitate the international DUNE and enable a program in neutrino physics to measure the fundamental properties of 

neutrinos, explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better 

clarify the nature of matter and anti-matter. The Committee concurs with the assessment of the Department and the most recent 

HEPAP report that the completion of this project is the highest priority large project within HEP and is essential to maintaining 

world-leading science here in the United States. 

The construction of the LBNF and subsequent experiments will 

increase the fundamental knowledge of neutrinos and their properties—providing valuable insight into cosmic phenomena and theoretical particle physics. With initial construction of LBNF just beginning in 2017, the Committee includes sufficient annual authorizations for FY 2018 and 2019 in this legislation and believes that 

an authorization of specific annual funding for all remaining construction and necessary instrumentation is required to ensure this 

vital project is completed on time and on budget by the close of 

2026. 

Upon completion, LBNF will be the first internationally-funded 

science facility hosted in the United States. The Committee supports the Department’s continuing efforts to solicit international 

contributions for the construction of the project, and recognizes the 

importance of funds already committed to the project, including the 

September 2017 commitment of $88 million from the United Kingdom, and the April 2018 LBNF collaboration agreement between 

the U.S. and India. 

27 

Biological and Environmental Research 

The Committee recognizes the importance of the BER program’s 

mission to support basic research and scientific user facilities to increase the knowledge base for complex biological and environmental systems. The Committee is concerned, however, about the 

trend within BER towards increased emphasis on climate modeling 

seemingly at the expense of physical science programs, including 

genomic and radiological sciences. 

H.R. 5905 rebalances these priorities by requiring increased accountability and transparency for BER’s climate modeling budget. 

It authorizes the existing Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) to 

conduct basic research in microbial systems biology and genomics 

to inform the production of fuels, chemicals, and biomass resource, 

and authorizes a comprehensive research program on the health effects of exposure to low dose radiation. 

Low-Dose Radiation Research Program 

The Committee recognizes the Department’s unique capability to 

conduct research at the intersection of biological systems and radiological sciences. H.R. 5905 authorizes a basic research program on 

low dose radiation within BER. This legislation directs the Secretary of Energy to identify ongoing scientific challenges in low 

dose radiation research and to develop a long-term basic research 

plan that addresses these challenges. 

Fusion Energy Sciences 

The Committee supports the FES mission to expand the fundamental understanding of the behavior of plasmas and matter at 

very high temperatures. Additionally, the Committee recognizes 

the monumental challenges and questions of physics associated 

with controlling plasmas, generating and manipulating very strong 

electromagnetic fields, and developing materials that can withstand 

extreme conditions. 

The Committee supports continuing the U.S. commitment to the 

ITER project. In order to maintain U.S. energy independence and 

its global standing as the leader in science, the Committee recommends full funding for U.S. contributions to the ITER project. 

H.R. 5905 authorizes critical investments to meet the U.S. commitment to the ITER project, for both in-kind and cash contributions, 

for FY 2018 and 2019. 

Nuclear Physics 

The Committee acknowledges the uniqueness of the Nuclear 

Physics (NP) program’s support for fundamental nuclear science, 

including the Nuclear Theory subprogram which increases the 

knowledge base that will ultimately identify new frontiers for future experiments. H.R. 5905 supports the operation of user facilities such as the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System 

(ATLAS), including the Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade 

(CARIBU) and the construction of the Facility for Rare Isotope 

Beams (FRIB), a new user facility to support research on aspects 

of the nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. 

The Committee encourages NP to continue its research efforts to 

explore novel concepts and rare decay processes relevant for the 

28 

production of critical isotopes that support medical applications 

among other things. 

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams 

H.R. 5905 authorizes completion of the FRIB to advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos. This facility could also potentially be used to produce medical 

isotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic needs. While construction of 

the FRIB began in fiscal year 2014 and is already over 70 percent 

complete, the Committee includes sufficient annual authorizations 

for FY 2018 and 2019 in this legislation and believes that an authorization of specific annual funding for the remaining construction and necessary instrumentation is required to ensure this vital 

project is completed on time and on budget by June 2022. 

The Committee also acknowledges the essential support for fundamental nuclear science from DOE NP, including the Nuclear 

Theory subprogram which increases the knowledge base that will 

ultimately identify new frontiers for future experiments in nuclear 

science. The Committee also encourages NP to continue its research efforts to explore novel concepts and rare decay processes 

relevant for the production of critical isotopes that support medical 

applications. 

SECTION-BY-SECTION

Sec. 1. Short title; Table of contents 

Section 1 provides a short title: ‘‘Department of Energy Science 

and Innovation Act.’’ 

Sec. 2. Definitions 

Section 2 provides relevant definitions. 

Sec. 3. Mission 

Section 3 amends the Mission of the Department of Energy Office 

of Science. 

Sec. 4. Basic energy sciences 

Section 4 authorizes a program in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, physical 

biosciences, and geosciences in order to understand, predict, and 

control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular 

levels. Within this program, Section 4 authorizes upgrades and construction of basic energy sciences infrastructure, including the Advanced Photon Source upgrade, Spallation Neutron Source proton 

power upgrade, Spallation Neutron Source second target station, 

Advanced Light Source upgrade, and Linac Coherent Light Source 

II high energy upgrade. 

This section also specifically authorizes research programs in 

Solar Fuels Research Initiative, Electricity Storage Research Initiative, the Materials Research Database, and the Energy Frontier 

Research Centers. 

Sec. 5. Advanced scientific computing research 

Section 5 authorizes a program to develop an exascale computing 

capability through the support of one or more National LaboratoryVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
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industry-university partnerships to conduct integrated research, 

development, and engineering of multiple exascale architectures. 

This section instructs the Director to support research in high-performance computing and networking relevant to energy applications, including modeling, simulation, machine learning, and advanced data analytics for basic and applied energy research programs carried out by the Department. This section also authorizes 

research and development activities in applied mathematics and 

high-end computing software development, including mathematics, 

models, and algorithms for complex systems as well as programming environments, tools, languages, and operating systems for 

high-end computing systems. 

Sec. 6. High energy physics 

Section 6 establishes a program to research the fundamental constituents of matter, energy, and the nature of space and time to 

support both elementary particle physics and fundamental accelerator science and technology. It establishes a sense of Congress 

that the Director incorporate the most recent report of the Particle 

Physics Project Prioritization Panel into the planning process of the 

Department. Additionally, as part of this program, the Director is 

instructed to ensure the access of U.S. researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, 

including the Large Hadron Collider, and to support research into 

the nature of the neutrino, dark energy, and dark matter. 

Within this program, Section 6 authorizes the construction of the 

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) over nine years. This facility will be used to run the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment 

(DUNE), which will enable fundamental research of neutrinos and 

their properties. 

Sec. 7. Biological and environmental research 

Section 7 authorizes biological systems science research activities 

to increase understanding of complex biological systems to accelerate breakthroughs in the sustainable production of biomass-based 

liquid transportation fuels, bioenergy, and biobased materials. This 

section authorizes the selection and establishment of four Bioenergy Research Centers to conduct basic and fundamental research in these areas. 

This section specifically authorizes a basic research program on 

low-dose radiation within the Office of Science at the Department 

of Energy (DOE) over four years. It directs DOE to develop a long 

term basic research plan for low dose radiation research using existing scientific knowledge and engagement with the international 

research community, ensuring consultation between the DOE Office of Science and NASA, NIH, EPA, DoD, NRC, and DHS. 

Sec. 8. Fusion energy 

Section 8 directs the Director to carry out a fusion energy 

sciences research program to expand the fundamental understanding of plasmas and matter at very high temperatures and 

densities and to build the scientific foundation necessary to enable 

fusion power. This section also authorizes the research and development activities and facility operations to optimize the tokamak 

30 

approach to fusion energy, including funding for U.S. cash and inkind contributions to the ITER project. 

Sec. 9. Nuclear physics 

Section 9 directs the Director to carry out a program to discover, 

explore, and understand all forms of nuclear matter, including a 

program for the production of isotopes that the Secretary determines are needed for research purposes. 

This section specifically authorizes the construction of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) over five years, in order to enable the study of a variety of rare isotopes and their properties, in 

order to expand our understanding of nuclear structure, the atomic 

interactions of nuclear species, and the origin of elements. 

Sec. 10. Science laboratories and infrastructure program 

Section 10 requires the Director to carry out a program to improve safety, efficiency, and mission readiness of infrastructure at 

Office of Science laboratories. 

Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations 

Section 11 authorizes appropriations for fiscal year 2018 and 

2019 for the Office of Science, which includes Basic Energy 

Sciences, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, High Energy 

Physics, Biological and Environmental Research, Fusion Energy 

Sciences, and Nuclear Physics. 

EXPLANATION OF AMENDMENTS

A manager’s amendment offered by Representative Randy Weber 

was adopted by the Committee. The amendment made minor and 

technical changes. 

COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION

On May 23, 2018, the Committee met in open session and ordered reported favorably the bill, H.R. 5905, by voice vote, a 

quorum being present. 

APPLICATION OF LAW TO THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

Section 102(b)(3) of Public Law 104–1 requires a description of 

the application of this bill to the legislative branch where the bill 

relates to the terms and conditions of employment or access to public services and accommodations. This bill authorizes the Department of Energy (DOE)’s Office of Science for fiscal years (FY) 2018 

and 2019. It provides policy direction and authorizes funding for 

Office of Science basic research programs and authorizes research 

infrastructure upgrades and construction of major user facilities at 

the DOE national labs. As such, this bill does not relate to employment or access to public services and accommodations. 

STATEMENT OF OVERSIGHT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF

THE COMMITTEE

In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII and clause (2)(b)(1) 

of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the CommitVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
31 

tee’s oversight findings and recommendations are reflected in the 

descriptive portions of this report. 

STATEMENT OF GENERAL PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

H.R. 5905 authorizes the Department of Energy (DOE)’s Office of 

Science for fiscal years (FY) 2018 and 2019. It provides policy direction and authorizes funding for Office of Science basic research programs and authorizes research infrastructure upgrades and construction of major user facilities at the DOE national labs. 

DUPLICATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS

No provision of H.R. 5905 establishes or reauthorizes a program 

of the Federal Government known to be duplicative of another Federal program, a program that was included in any report from the 

Government Accountability Office to Congress pursuant to section 

21 of Public Law 111–139, or a program related to a program identified in the most recent Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. 

DISCLOSURE OF DIRECTED RULE MAKINGS

The Committee estimates that enacting H.R. 5905 does not direct 

the completion of any specific rule makings within the meaning of 

5 U.S.C. 551. 

FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ACT

The Committee finds that the legislation does not establish or 

authorize the establishment of an advisory committee within the 

definition of 5 U.S.C. App., Section 5(b). 

UNFUNDED MANDATE STATEMENT

Section 423 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act (as amended by Section 101(a)(2) of the Unfunded Mandate 

Reform Act, P.L. 104–4) requires a statement as to whether the 

provisions of the reported include unfunded mandates. In compliance with this requirement the Committee has received a letter 

from the Congressional Budget Office included herein. 

EARMARK IDENTIFICATION

H.R. 5905 does not include any congressional earmarks, limited 

tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in clause 9 of rule 

XXI. 

COMMITTEE ESTIMATE

Clause 3(d)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires an estimate and a comparison by the Committee of the costs that would be incurred in carrying out H.R. 

5905. However, clause 3(d)(3)(B) of that rule provides that this requirement does not apply when the Committee has included in its 

report a timely submitted cost estimate of the bill prepared by the 

Director of the Congressional Budget Office under section 402 of 

the Congressional Budget Act. 

32 

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST

ESTIMATE

With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of 

the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 308(a) of the 

Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect to requirements 

of clause (3)(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 

1974, the Committee has received the following cost estimate for 

H.R. 5905 from the Director of Congressional Budget Office: 

U.S. CONGRESS, 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, 

Washington, DC, June 25, 2018. 

Hon. LAMAR SMITH, 

Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 5905, the Department of 

Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Janani Shankaran. 

Sincerely, 

KEITH HALL, 

Director. 

Enclosure. 

H.R. 5905—Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 

2018 

Summary: H.R. 5905 would authorize appropriations for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Science and would codify existing activities under that office. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $6.6 billion over the 2019–2023 period, 

assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts. 

Enacting H.R. 5905 could affect direct spending; therefore, payas-you-go procedures apply. The bill would direct DOE to use all 

available approaches and mechanisms including ‘‘alternative financing’’ to upgrade infrastructure at its national laboratories. 

CBO considers the costs of alternative financing (that is, financing 

provided by nonfederal entities and not provided in annual appropriations acts) as direct spending. However, in CBO’s view the legislation does not clearly expand DOE’s existing alternative financing authority. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues. 

CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 5905 would not increase net 

direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 

10-year periods beginning in 2029. 

H.R. 5905 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). 

Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated budgetary effect of H.R. 5905 is shown in the following table. The costs 

of the legislation fall within budget function 250 (general science, 

space, and technology). 

33 

1For more information on the budgetary treatment of third-party financing, see Congressional 

Budget Office, Third-Party Financing of Federal Projects (June 2005), www.cbo.gov/publication/ 

16554. 2 U.S. Department of Energy, Annual Report on the State of the DOE National Laboratories 

(January 2017), p.86, www.energy.gov/downloads/annual-report-state-doe-national-laboratories. 

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars— 

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2019– 

2023 

INCREASES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION 

Authorization Level ........................................ 6,260 6,600 0 0 0 0 6,600 

Estimated Outlays ......................................... 0 3,630 1,980 990 0 0 6,600 

H.R. 5905 would authorize the appropriation of about $6.3 billion in 2018 for activities in the Department of Energy’s Office of Science. 

CBO does not estimate any outlays for that authorization because appropriations for 2018 have already been provided. 

Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 

5905 will be enacted near the end of 2018 and that the authorized 

amounts will be appropriated. H.R. 5905 would authorize the appropriation of $6.6 billion in 

2019 for DOE’s Office of Science, which supports basic research in 

the physical sciences and operates a system of national science user 

facilities. In 2018, DOE received an appropriation of $6.3 billion for 

those programs. Under current law, no specific sums are authorized to be appropriated to DOE for those purposes after 2018. 

Based on historical spending patterns, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 5905 would cost $6.6 billion over the 2019–2023 period. 

Pay-As-You-Go considerations: Section 10 would direct DOE to 

use all available approaches and mechanisms, including alternative 

financing, to upgrade infrastructure at the national laboratories. 

The bill does not define alternative financing; however, CBO expects that such arrangements could include use of funds provided 

through third-party financing (funds raised by a nonfederal entity). 

DOE and other federal agencies have existing authority to use certain types of third-party financing mechanisms including energy 

savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, and 

enhanced-use leases. CBO treats the costs of such transactions as 

direct spending and believes that the full cost of such long-term 

commitments that obligate the government to make payments in 

future years should be recorded in the budget upfront.1

Under a strict interpretation of the provision in section 10, DOE 

would continue to use existing authorities that it considers to be 

alternative financing (which would result in no additional direct 

spending). However, DOE could interpret section 10 as providing 

new or expanded authority that would allow the agency to expand 

its use of third-party financing mechanisms to build and improve 

facilities at its national laboratories. The 17 national laboratories 

comprise a large portion of DOE’s real property portfolio. In 2015, 

the agency reported a backlog of $5.4 billion in maintenance and 

improvements across its facilities.2 Using new alternative financing 

mechanisms to finance a portion of that backlog of projects would 

increase direct spending, however, in CBO’s view the legislation 

does not clearly expand DOE’s existing authorities. 

Increase in long-term direct spending and deficits: CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 5905 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029. 

34 

Mandates: H.R. 5905 contains no intergovernmental or privatesector mandates as defined in UMRA. 

Estimate prepared by: Federal costs: Janani Shankaran; Mandates: Jon Sperl. 

Estimate reviewed by: Kim P. Cawley, Chief, Natural and Physical Resources Cost Estimates Unit; H. Samuel Papenfuss, Deputy 

Assistant Director for Budget Analysis. 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, 

and existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in 

roman): 

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ORGANIZATION ACT 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE II—ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT 

* * * * * * * 

OFFICE OF SCIENCE

SEC. 209. (a) There shall be within the Department an Office of 

Science to be headed by a Director, who shall be appointed by the 

President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and 

who shall be compensated at the rate provided for level IV of the 

Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States 

Code. 

(b) It shall be the duty and responsibility of the Director— 

(1) to advise the Secretary with respect to the physical research program transferred to the Department from the Energy Research and Development Administration; 

(2) to monitor the Department’s energy research and development programs in order to advise the Secretary with respect 

to any undesirable duplication or gaps in such programs; 

(3) to advise the Secretary with respect to the well-being and 

management of the multipurpose laboratories under the jurisdiction of the Department, excluding laboratories that constitute part of the nuclear weapons complex; 

(4) to advise the Secretary with respect to education and 

training activities required for effective short- and long-term 

basic and applied research activities of the Department; 

(5) to advise the Secretary with respect to grants and other 

forms of financial assistance required for effective short- and 

long-term basic and applied research activities of the Department; and 

(6) to carry out such additional duties assigned to the Office 

by the Secretary. 

(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Science shall be the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, and major scientific tools 

35 

to transform the understanding of nature and to advance the energy, economic, and national security of the United States. 

* * * * * * * 

ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Energy Policy 

Act of 2005’’. 

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for this Act is as 

follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE IX—RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 

* * * * * * * 

Subtitle G—Science 

Sec. 971. Science. 

Sec. 972. Fusion energy sciences program. 

øSec. 973. Catalysis research program.¿ 

Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative. 

Sec. 974. Hydrogen. 

øSec. 975. Solid state lighting.¿ 

Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative. 

Sec. 976. Advanced scientific computing for energy missions. 

Sec. 977. Systems biology program. 

Sec. 977A. Low-dose radiation research program. 

Sec. 978. Fission and fusion energy materials research program. 

Sec. 979. Energy and water supplies. 

Sec. 980. Spallation Neutron Source. 

Sec. 981. Rare isotope accelerator. 

Sec. 982. Office of Scientific and Technical Information. 

Sec. 983. Science and engineering education pilot program. 

Sec. 984. Energy research fellowships. 

Sec. 984A. Science and technology scholarship program. 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE IX—RESEARCH AND 

DEVELOPMENT 

* * * * * * * 

Subtitle G—Science 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 972. FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM. 

(a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy of the United 

States to conduct research, development, demonstration, and commercial applications to provide for the scientific, engineering, and 

commercial infrastructure necessary to ensure that the United 

States is competitive with other countries in providing fusion energy for its own needs and the needs of other countries, including 

by demonstrating electric power or hydrogen production for the 

United States energy grid using fusion energy at the earliest date. 

36 

(b) PLANNING.— (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of 

enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress 

a plan (with proposed cost estimates, budgets, and lists of potential international partners) for the implementation of the 

policy described in subsection (a) in a manner that ensures 

that— 

(A) existing fusion research facilities are more fully used; 

(B) fusion science, technology, theory, advanced computation, modeling, and simulation are strengthened; 

(C) new magnetic and inertial fusion research and development facilities are selected based on scientific innovation 

and cost effectiveness, and the potential of the facilities to 

advance the goal of practical fusion energy at the earliest 

date practicable; 

(D) facilities that are selected are funded at a cost-effective rate; 

(E) communication of scientific results and methods between the fusion energy science community and the broader scientific and technology communities is improved; 

(F) inertial confinement fusion facilities are used to the 

extent practicable for the purpose of inertial fusion energy 

research and development; 

(G) attractive alternative inertial and magnetic fusion 

energy approaches are more fully explored; and 

(H) to the extent practicable, the recommendations of 

the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee in the report on workforce planning, dated March 2004, are carried 

out, including periodic reassessment of program needs. 

(2) COSTS AND SCHEDULES.—The plan shall also address the 

status of and, to the extent practicable, costs and schedules 

for— 

(A) the design and implementation of international or 

national facilities for the testing of fusion materials; and 

(B) the design and implementation of international or 

national facilities for the testing and development of key 

fusion technologies. 

(c) UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN ITER.— 

(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

(A) CONSTRUCTION.— 

(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘construction’’ means— 

(I) the physical construction of the ITER facility; 

and 

(II) the physical construction, purchase, or manufacture of equipment or components that are specifically designed for the ITER facility. 

(ii) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘construction’’ does not 

include the design of the facility, equipment, or components. 

(B) ITER.—The term ‘‘ITER’’ means the international 

burning plasma fusion research project in which the President announced United States participation on January 

30, 2003, or any similar international project. 

(2) PARTICIPATION.—The United States may participate in 

the ITER only in accordance with this subsection. 

37 

(3) AGREEMENT.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may negotiate an agreement for United States participation in the ITER. 

(B) CONTENTS.—Any agreement for United States participation in the ITER shall, at a minimum— 

(i) clearly define the United States financial contribution to construction and operating costs, as well 

as any other costs associated with a project; 

(ii) ensure that the share of high-technology components of the ITER manufactured in the United States 

is at least proportionate to the United States financial 

contribution to the ITER; 

(iii) ensure that the United States will not be financially responsible for cost overruns in components 

manufactured in other ITER participating countries; 

(iv) guarantee the United States full access to all 

data generated by the ITER; 

(v) enable United States researchers to propose and 

carry out an equitable share of the experiments at the 

ITER; 

(vi) provide the United States with a role in all collective decisionmaking related to the ITER; and 

(vii) describe the process for discontinuing or decommissioning the ITER and any United States role in 

that process. 

(4) PLAN.— 

(A) DEVELOPMENT.—The Secretary, in consultation with 

the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, shall develop a plan for the participation of United States scientists in the ITER that shall include— 

(i) the United States research agenda for the ITER; 

(ii) methods to evaluate whether the ITER is promoting progress toward making fusion a reliable and 

affordable source of power; and 

(iii) a description of how work at the ITER will relate to other elements of the United States fusion program. 

(B) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall request a review of the 

plan by the National Academy of Sciences. 

(5) LIMITATION.—No Federal funds shall be expended for the 

construction of the ITER until the Secretary has submitted to 

Congress— 

(A) the agreement negotiated in accordance with paragraph (3) and 120 days have elapsed since that submission; 

(B) a report describing the management structure of the 

ITER and providing a fixed dollar estimate of the cost of 

United States participation in the construction of the 

ITER, and 120 days have elapsed since that submission; 

(C) a report describing how United States participation 

in the ITER will be funded without reducing funding for 

other programs in the Office of Science (including other fusion programs), and 60 days have elapsed since that submission; and 

38 

(D) the plan required by paragraph (4) (but not the National Academy of Sciences review of that plan), and 60 

days have elapsed since that submission. 

(6) ALTERNATIVE TO ITER.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—If at any time during the negotiations 

on the ITER, the Secretary determines that construction 

and operation of the ITER is unlikely or infeasible, the 

Secretary shall submit to Congress, along with the budget 

request of the President submitted to Congress for the following fiscal year, a plan for implementing a domestic 

burning plasma experiment such as the Fusion Ignition 

Research Experiment, including costs and schedules for 

the plan. 

(B) ADMINISTRATION.—The Secretary shall— 

(i) refine the plan in full consultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee; and 

(ii) transmit the plan to the National Academy of 

Sciences for review. 

(7) ITER CONSTRUCTION.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized United States participation in the construction and operations of the ITER 

project, as agreed to under the April 25, 2007 ‘‘Agreement 

on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the 

ITER Project.’’. 

(B) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary shall ensure 

that the mission-oriented user facility will enable the study 

of a burning plasma, and shall be built to have the following characteristics in its full configuration: 

(i) A tokamak device with a plasma radius of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field of 5.3 T. 

(ii) Capable of creating and sustaining a 15-millionAmpere plasma current for greater than 300 seconds. 

(C) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—From within 

funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 of the 

Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, 

for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is authorized for in-kind 

contributions under this paragraph— 

(i) $122,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $163,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

(D) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—From within 

funds authorized to be appropriated under section 11 of the 

Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, 

for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is authorized for cash 

contributions under this paragraph— 

(i) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

øSEC. 973. CATALYSIS RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

ø(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through the Office 

of Science, shall support a program of research and development in 

catalysis science consistent with the statutory authorities of the 

Department related to research and development. 

ø(b) COMPONENTS.—The program shall include efforts to— 

39 

ø(1) enable catalyst design using combinations of experimental and mechanistic methodologies coupled with computational modeling of catalytic reactions at the molecular level; 

ø(2) develop techniques for high throughput synthesis, assay, 

and characterization at nanometer and subnanometer scales 

in-situ under actual operating conditions; 

ø(3) synthesize catalysts with specific site architectures; 

ø(4) conduct research on the use of precious metals for catalysis; and 

ø(5) translate molecular understanding to the design of catalytic compounds. 

ø(c) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In carrying out the program, the Director of the Office of Science shall— 

ø(1) support both individual investigators and multidisciplinary teams of investigators to pioneer new approaches in 

catalytic design; 

ø(2) develop, plan, construct, acquire, share, or operate special equipment or facilities for the use of investigators in collaboration with national user facilities, such as nanoscience 

and engineering centers; 

ø(3) support technology transfer activities to benefit industry 

and other users of catalysis science and engineering; and 

ø(4) coordinate research and development activities with industry and other Federal agencies. 

ø(d) ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into an arrangement 

with the National Academy of Sciences to— 

ø(1) review the catalysis program to measure— 

ø(A) gains made in the fundamental science of catalysis; 

and 

ø(B) progress towards developing new fuels for energy 

production and material fabrication processes; and 

ø(2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of the 

review.¿ 

SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 

(a) INITIATIVE.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a research 

initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Solar Fuels Research Initiative’’ 

(referred to in this section as the ‘‘Initiative’’) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful for the 

practical development of experimental systems to convert solar 

energy to chemical energy. 

(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs and activities 

under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and 

resources from— 

(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the Office of 

Science; and 

(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 

(3) TEAMS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary 

teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, exVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:33 Jun 30, 2018 Jkt 079006 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6603 E:\HR\OC\HR787.XXX HR787
40 

pertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector. 

(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams described in 

subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 

(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall provide sufficient 

resources to the multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Secretary. 

(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures. 

(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific 

barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosynthetic systems. 

(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including— 

(i) photoinduced production of hydrogen and oxygen 

from water; and 

(ii) the sustainable photoinduced reduction of carbon 

dioxide to fuel products including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon monoxide, and natural gas; and 

(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed 

under the program. 

(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) 

to determine the achievement of technical milestones. 

(4) FUNDING.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be 

appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy 

Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy 

Sciences, the Secretary shall make available for carrying 

out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of 

fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 

commercial application of energy technology. 

(c) BIOCHEMISTRY, REPLICATION OF NATURAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 

AND RELATED PROCESSES.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to replicate natural photosynthetic processes by use of artificial photosynthetic 

components and materials. 

(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

41 

(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

shall support basic research to expand fundamental knowledge to replicate natural synthesis processes, including— 

(i) the photoinduced reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia; 

(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide from ambient 

air; 

(iii) molecular-based charge separation and storage; 

(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; and 

(v) catalysis in biological or biomimetic systems; 

(B) the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall support systems biology and 

genomics approaches to understand genetic and physiological pathways connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; 

and 

(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed 

under the program. 

(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) 

to determine the achievement of technical milestones. 

(4) FUNDING.— (A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be 

appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy 

Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy 

Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the 

Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 

under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 

2018 through 2019. 

(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 

commercial application of energy technology. 

* * * * * * * 

øSEC. 975. SOLID STATE LIGHTING. 

øThe Secretary shall conduct a program of fundamental research 

on solid state lighting in support of the Next Generation Lighting 

Initiative carried out under section 912.¿ 

SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 

(a) INITIATIVE.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a research 

initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Electricity Storage Research Initiative’’ (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Initiative’’)— 

(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge to 

control, store, and convert— 

(i) electrical energy to chemical energy; and 

(ii) chemical energy to electrical energy; and 

(B) to support scientific inquiry into the practical understanding of chemical and physical processes that occur 

within systems involving crystalline and amorphous solids, 

polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids. 

(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs and activities 

under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and 

resources from— 

42 

(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the Advanced 

Scientific Computing Research Program, and the Biological 

and Environmental Research Program of the Office of 

Science; and 

(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 

(3) TEAMS.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary 

teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector. 

(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams described in 

subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 

(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall provide sufficient 

resources to the multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Secretary. 

(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures. 

(b) MULTIVALENT SYSTEMS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific 

barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion 

materials in electric energy storage systems. 

(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

shall investigate electrochemical properties and the dynamics of materials, including charge transfer phenomena and 

mass transport in materials; and 

(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed 

under the program. 

(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) 

to determine the achievement of technical milestones. 

(4) FUNDING.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be 

appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy 

Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy 

Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the 

Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 

under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal 

years 2018 through 2019. 

(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 

commercial application of energy technology. 

(c) ELECTROCHEMISTRY MODELING AND SIMULATION.— 

43 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research to model and simulate organic electrolytes, including the static and dynamic electrochemical behavior and phenomena of organic electrolytes at the 

molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multivalent systems. 

(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, in 

coordination with the Associate Director of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, shall support the development 

of high performance computational tools through a joint development process to maximize the effectiveness of current 

and projected high performance computing systems; and 

(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed 

under the program. 

(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) 

to determine the achievement of technical milestones. 

(4) FUNDING.— (A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be 

appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy 

Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy 

Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, the 

Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 

under this subsection $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal 

years 2018 through 2019. 

(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 

commercial application of energy technology. 

(d) MESOSCALE ELECTROCHEMISTRY.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries relevant to— 

(A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and 

(B) the dynamics of the phenomena described in subparagraph (A). 

(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— 

(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

and the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental 

Research shall investigate phenomena of mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose of replicating and 

controlling new electrochemical behavior; and 

(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed 

under the program. 

(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) 

to determine the achievement of technical milestones. 

44 

(4) FUNDING.— (A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds authorized to be 

appropriated under section 11 of the Department of Energy 

Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy 

Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the 

Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 

under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 

2018 through 2019. 

(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 

commercial application of energy technology. 

SEC. 976. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING FOR ENERGY MISSIONS. 

(a) PROGRAM.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct an advanced 

scientific computing research and development program that 

includes activities related to applied mathematics and activities authorized by the øDepartment of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004¿ American Super Computing 

Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541 et seq.). 

(2) GOAL.—The Secretary shall carry out the program with 

the goal of supporting departmental missions, and providing 

the high-performance computational, networking, advanced 

visualization technologies, and workforce resources, that are 

required for world leadership in science. 

(b) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING.—Section 203 of the HighPerformance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5523) is amended 

to read as follows: 

* * * * * * *’’. 

SEC. 977A. LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a basic research 

program on low-dose radiation to— 

(1) enhance the scientific understanding of, and reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation; and 

(2) inform improved risk-assessment and risk-management 

methods with respect to such radiation. 

(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the program required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 

(1) formulate scientific goals for low-dose radiation basic research in the United States; 

(2) identify ongoing scientific challenges for understanding 

the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems; 

(3) develop a long-term strategic and prioritized basic research agenda to address such scientific challenges in coordination with other research efforts; 

(4) leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing 

low-dose radiation research; and 

(5) engage with other Federal agencies, research communities, 

and potential users of information produced under this section, 

including institutions concerning radiation research, medical 

physics, radiology, health physics, and emergency response. 

(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program, the Secretary, 

in coordination with the Physical Science Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council, shall— 

45 

(1) support the directives under section 106 of the American 

Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601 note); 

(2) ensure that the Office of Science of the Department of Energy consults with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental 

Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Homeland Security; 

(3) advise and assist the National Science and Technology 

Council on policies and initiatives in radiation biology, including enhancing scientific knowledge of the effects of low-dose radiation on biological systems to improve radiation risk-assessment and risk-management methods; and 

(4) identify opportunities to stimulate international cooperation relating to low-dose radiation and leverage research and 

knowledge from sources outside of the United States. 

(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after the date of 

enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee 

on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 

and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 

a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research 

needs relating to low-dose radiation. In developing such plan, the 

Secretary shall incorporate the components described in subsection 

(b). 

(e) DEFINITION OF LOW-DOSE RADIATION.—In this section, the 

term ‘‘low-dose radiation’’ means a radiation dose of less than 100 

millisieverts. 

(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to subject any research carried out by the Secretary for the 

program under this section to any limitations described in 977(e) of 

the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)). 

(g) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized to be appropriated 

under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Biological and Environmental Research, the 

Secretary make available to carry out this section— 

(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 981. øRARE ISOTOPE ACCELERATOR¿ FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS. 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall construct and operate 

a øRare Isotope Accelerator¿ Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. The 

Secretary shall commence construction no later than September 30, 

2008. 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 

be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary 

to carry out this section. The Secretary shall not spend more than 

$1,100,000,000 in Federal funds for all activities associated with 

the øRare Isotope Accelerator¿ Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, 

prior to operation of the Accelerator. 

* * * * * * * 

46 

AMERICAN SUPER COMPUTING LEADERSHIP ACT 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘øDepartment of Energy High-End 

Computing Revitalization Act of 2004¿ American Super Computing 

Leadership Act’’. 

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

In this Act: 

ø(1) CENTER.—The term‘‘Center’’ means a High-End Software Development Center established under section 5542(d) of 

this title.¿ 

(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ means the Department of Energy. 

(2) EXASCALE COMPUTING.—The term ‘‘exascale computing’’ 

means computing through the use of a computing machine that 

performs near or above 10 to the 18th power operations per second. 

ø(2)¿ (3) HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘high-end 

computing system’’ means a computing system with performance that substantially exceeds that of systems that are commonly available for advanced scientific and engineering applications 

ø(3)¿ (4) LEADERSHIP SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘Leadership System’’ means a high-end computing system that is among the 

most advanced in the world in terms of performance in solving 

scientific and engineering problems. 

ø(4)¿ (5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the meaning given the term 

in section 1001(a) of title 20. 

ø(5)¿ (6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Energyø, acting through the Director of the Office of 

Science of the Department of Energy¿. 

SEC. 3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH-END COMPUTING RESEARCH 

AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 

(1) carry out a øprogram¿ coordinated program across the 

Department of research and development (including development of software and hardware) to advance high-end computing systems; and 

(2) develop and deploy high-end computing systems for advanced scientific and engineering applications. 

(b) PROGRAM.—The program shall— 

(1) support both individual investigators and multidisciplinary teams of investigators; 

(2) conduct research in multiple architecturesø, which may 

include vector, reconfigurable logic, streaming, processor-inmemory, and multithreading architectures¿; 

(3) conduct research on software for high-end computing systems, including research on algorithms, programming environments, tools, languages, and operating systems for high-end 

computing systems, in collaboration with architecture development efforts; 

(4) provide for sustained access by the research community 

in the United States to high-end computing systems and to 

47 

Leadership Systems, including provision of technical support 

for users of such systems; 

(5) support technology transfer to the private sector and others in accordance with applicable law; and 

(6) densure that the high-end computing activities of the Department of Energy are coordinated with relevant activities in 

industry and with other Federal agencies, including the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research 

Projects Agency, the National Nuclear Security Administration, 

the National Security Agency, the National Institutes of 

Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 

the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Institutes of Standards and Technology, and the Environmental Protection Agency. 

(c) LEADERSHIP SYSTEMS FACILITIES.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—carry out a program of research and development (including development of software and hardware) to 

advance high-end computing systems; and 

(A) conduct advanced scientific and engineering research 

and development using Leadership Systems; and 

(B) develop potential advancements in high-end computing system hardware and software. 

(2) ADMINISTRATION.—In carrying out this subsection, the 

Secretary shall provide to Leadership Systems, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access to researchers in United 

States industry, institutions of higher education, national laboratories, and other Federal agencies. 

ø(d) HIGH-END SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CENTER.— 

ø(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program carried out under 

this subchapter, the Secretary shall establish at least 1 HighEnd Software Development Center. 

ø(2) DUTIES.—A Center shall concentrate efforts to develop, 

test, maintain, and support optimal algorithms, programming 

environments, tools, languages, and operating systems for 

high-end computing systems. 

ø(3) PROPOSALS.—In soliciting proposals for the Center, the 

Secretary shall encourage staffing arrangements that include 

both permanent staff and a rotating staff of researchers from 

other institutions and industry to assist in coordination of research efforts and promote technology transfer to the private 

sector. 

ø(4) USE OF EXPERTISE.—The Secretary shall use the expertise of a Center to assess research and development in highend computing system architecture. 

ø(5) SELECTION.—The selection of a Center shall be determined by a competitive proposal process administered by the 

Secretary.¿ 

(d) EXASCALE COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a research program (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Program’’) for 

exascale computing, including the development of two or more 

exascale computing machine architectures, to promote the missions of the Department. 

(2) EXECUTION.— 

48 

(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall— 

(i) establish a National Laboratory partnership for 

industry partners and institutions of higher education 

for codesign of exascale hardware, technology, software, 

and applications across all applicable organizations of 

the Department; 

(ii) acquire multiple exascale computing systems at 

the existing Departmental facilities that represent at 

least two distinct technology options developed under 

clause (i); 

(iii) develop such advancements in hardware and 

software technology as are required to fully realize the 

potential of an exascale production system in addressing Department target applications and solving scientific problems involving predictive modeling and 

simulation, large scale data analytics and management, and artificial intelligence; 

(iv) explore the use of exascale computing technologies to advance a broad range of science and engineering; and 

(v) provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, meritreviewed basis, access for researchers in industries in 

the United States, institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and other Federal agencies to the 

exascale computing systems developed pursuant to 

clause (i). 

(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—The Secretary shall select 

the partnerships with the computing facilities of the Department under subparagraph (A) through a competitive, 

peer-review process. 

(3) CODESIGN AND APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 

(i) carry out the Program through an integration of 

applications, computer science, applied mathematics, 

and computer hardware architecture using the partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2) to ensure 

that, to the maximum extent practicable, two or more 

exascale computing machine architectures are capable 

of solving Department target applications and broader 

scientific problems, including predictive modeling and 

simulation, large scale data analytics and management, and artificial intelligence; and 

(ii) conduct outreach programs to increase the readiness for the use of such platforms by domestic industries, including manufacturers. 

(B) REPORT.—(i) The Secretary shall submit to Congress 

a report describing how the integration under subparagraph (A) is furthering application science data and computational workloads across application interests, including national security, material science, physical science, cybersecurity, biological science, the Materials Genome and 

BRAIN Initiatives of the President, advanced manufacturing, and the national electric grid. 

49 

(ii) The roles and responsibilities of National Laboratories and industry, including the definition of the roles 

and responsibilities within the Department to ensure an integrated program across the Department. 

(4) PROJECT REVIEW.— 

(A) IN GENERAL.—The exascale architectures developed 

pursuant to partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be reviewed through a project review process. 

(B) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to 

Congress a report on— 

(i) the results of the review conducted under subparagraph (A); and 

(ii) the coordination and management of the Program to ensure an integrated research program across 

the Department. 

(5) ANNUAL REPORTS.—At the time of the budget submission 

of the Department for each fiscal year, the Secretary, in consultation with the members of the partnerships established pursuant to paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report that 

describes funding for the Program as a whole by functional element of the Department and critical milestones. 

ATOMIC ENERGY ACT OF 1954 

TITLE I—ATOMIC ENERGY 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 33. RESEARCH FOR OTHERS.—In this section, with respect to 

international research projects, the term ‘‘private facilities or laboratories’’ means facilities or laboratories located in the United States. 

Where the Commission finds private facilities or laboratories are 

inadequate to the purpose, it is authorized to conduct for other persons, through its own facilities, such of those activities and studies 

of the types specified in section 31 as it deems appropriate to the 

development of atomic energy. To the extent the Commission determines that private facilities or laboratories are inadequate to the 

purpose, and that the Commission’s facilities, or scientific or technical resources have the potential of lending significant assistance 

to other persons in the fields of protection of public health and 

safety, the Commission may also assist other persons in these 

fields by conducting for such persons, through the Commission’s 

own facilities, research and development or training activities and 

studies. The Commission is authorized to determine and make such 

50 

charges as in its discretion may be desirable for the conduct of the 

activities and studies referred to in this section. 

* * * * * * * 

Æ