SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 10 

The Marine Algae of Tunisia 

Ernani G. Menez 

and Arthur C. Mathieson 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1981 
ABSTRAC T 

Menez, Ernani G., and Arthur C. Mathieson. Th e Marine Algae of Tunisia. 

Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, numbe r 10, 59 pages, 1 figure, 

1981.—A taxonomic study of the marine flora of Tunisia, North Africa, was 

conducted during 1973-1975. A total of 169 species, 37 Chlorophyta, 36 

Phaeophyta, 96 Rhodophyta , of benthic marine algae were collected from 29 

sites along the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Of the 169 species, 57 taxa are 

newly reported for the country. Of these, 16 represent genera previously 

unreported. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the 

Atlantic coast of eastern North America. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Menez, Ernani G. The marine algae of Tunisia. 

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 10) 

Bibliography: p. 

1. Marine algae—Tunisia. I. Mathieson, Arthur C. II. Title. III. Series. 

QK576.T8M46 589.3961'! 81-607084 AACR2 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction 1 

Acknowledgments 3 

Collecting Locations on the Tunisian Coast 3 

Key to the Marine Algae of Tunisia 4 

Division PHAEOPHYTA 15 

Class PHAEOPHYCEAE 15 

Orde r ECTOCARPALES 15 

Family ECTOCARPACEAE 15 

*Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey 15 

Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye 15 

*Giffordia hincksiae (Harvey) Hamel 15 

Family RALFSIACEAE 15 

Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) J. Agardh 15 

Orde r SPHACELARIALES 15 

Family SPHACELARIACEAE 15 

Sphacelana cirrosa (Roth) C. Agardh 15 

* Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing 16 

* Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini 16 

Family STYPOCAULACEAE 16 

Haloptens filicina (Grateloup) Kuetzing 16 

Haloptens scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau 16 

Family CLADOSTEPHACEAE 17 

Cladostephus verticillatus (Lightfoot) Lyngbye 17 

Orde r CUTLERIALES 17 

Family CUTLERIACEAE 17 

Zanardima prototypus Nardo 17 

Orde r DICTYOTALES 17 

Family DICTYOTACEAE 17 

Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) Batters 17 

Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux 18 

Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville 18 

Dilophus fasciola (Roth) Howe 18 

Dilophus spiralis (Montagne) Hame l 18 

Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy 19 

*Spatoglossum schroederi (C. Agardh) Kuetzing 19 

Taonia atomana (Woodward) J. Agardh 19 

Zonaria tournefortu (Lamouroux) Montagne 19 

iii 
IV SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Order CHORDARIALES 20 

Family STILOPHORACEAE 20 

Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh 20 

Family SPERMATOCHNACEAE 20 

Spermatochnus paradoxus (Roth) Kuetzing 20 

Family CHORDARIACEAE 20 

Myrionema strangulans Greville 20 

Order SCYTOSIPHONALES 20 

Family PUNCTARIACEAE 20 

*Punctaria latifolia Greville 20 

Family SCYTOSIPHONACEAE 20 

Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes and Solier 20 

Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Endlicher 21 

Order FUCALES 21 

Family CYSTOSEIRACEAE 21 

Cystoseira barbata (Goodenough and Woodward) J. Agardh 21 

Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff and Nizamuddin 21 

Cystoseira discors C. Agardh 22 

Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau 22 

* Cystoseira myriophylloides Sauvageau 22 

* Cystoseira sauvageauiana Hamel 22 

Cystoseira schiffneri Hamel 22 

Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh 22 

Family SARGASSACEAE 23 

Sargassum linifolium (Turner) C. Agardh 23 

Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh 23 

Division CHLOROPHYTA 23 

Class CHLOROPHYCEAE 23 

Order ULVALES 23 

Family MONOSTROMATACEAE 23 

*Blidingia marginata (J. Agardh) Dangeard 23 

Family ULVACEAE 23 

*Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville 23 

Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville 24 

Enteromorpha flexuosa (Roth) J. Agardh 24 

Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link 24 

Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh 24 

*Enteromorpha prolifera (Mueller) J. Agardh 25 

* Enteromorpha ramulosa (J. E. Smith) Carmichael in Hooker ... 25 

Ulva lactuca Linnaeus 25 

* Ulva ngida C. Agardh 25 

Order CLADOPHORAL.ES 25 

Family CLADOPHORACEAE 25 

Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kuetzing 25 

* Cladophora albida (Hudson) Kuetzing 25 

* Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kuetzing 25 
NUMBER 10 

Cladophora dalmatica Kuetzing 26 

*Cladophora lutescens Kuetzing 26 

Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kuetzing 26 

* Cladophora ramosissima (Draparnaud ex Kuetzing) Kuetzing . . 27 

Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kuetzing 27 

Cladophora utriculosa Kuetzing 27 

Family ANADYOMENACEAE 27 

Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh 27 

Orde r SIPHONOCLADALES 27 

Family VALONIACEAE 27 

* Valonia macrophysa Kuetzing 27 

Valonia utricularis C. Agardh 28 

Family SIPHONOCLADACEAE 28 

Cladophoropsis modonensis (Kuetzing) Boergesen 28 

Orde r BRYOPSIDALES 28 

Family BRYOPSIDACEAE 28 

*Derbesia lamourouxu (J. Agardh) Solier 28 

Bryopsis balbisiana Lamouroux 28 

* Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux 29 

Bryopsis muscosa Lamouroux 29 

Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh 29 

*Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold in Oltmanns 29 

Family CAULERPACEAE 29 

Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux 29 

Family CODIACEAE 30 

Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh 30 

* Codium decorticatum (Woodward) Howe 30 

Family UDOTEACEAE 30 

Espera mediterranea Decaisne 30 

Hahmeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux 30 

Udotea petiolata (Turra) Boergesen 31 

Orde r DASYCLADALES 31 

Family DASYCLADACEAE 31 

Acetabulana acetabulum (Linnaeus) Silva 31 

Dasycladus clavaeformis (Roth) C. Agardh 31 

Division RHODOPHYTA 32 

Class RHODOPHYCEAE 32 

Orde r BANGIALES 32 

Family ERYTHROPELTIDACEAE 32 

Erythro triehia carnea (Dillwyn) J. Agardh 32 

Family BANGIACEAE 32 

Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye 32 

Porphyra leucosticta Thure t in Le Jolis 32 

Orde r GONIOTRICHAL.ES 32 

Family GONIOTRICHACEAE 32 

Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe 32 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Orde r ACROCHAETIALES 33 

Family ACROCHAETIACEAE 33 

Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey in Hooker) J. Agardh 33 

*Acrochaetium codiculum Boergesen 33 

Acrochaetium savianum (Meneghini) Naegeli 33 

Order NEMALIALES 33 

Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE 33 

Liagora distenta (Mertens in Roth) C. Agardh 33 

Liagora viscida (Forsskal) C. Agardh 33 

Order CHAETANGIALES 33 

Family CHAETANGIACEAE 33 

*Scinaia forcellata (Turner) Bivona 33 

Order BONNEMAISONIALES 34 

Family BONNEMAISONIACEAE 34 

Asparagopsis armata Harvey 34 

*Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Woodward) C. Agardh 34 

*"Falkenbergia rufolanosd''' (Harvey) Schmitz in Engler and 

Prantl 34 

"Trailliella intricata" Batters 34 

Order GELIDIALES 34 

Family GELIDIACEAE 34 

*Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet and Thure t 34 

* Gelidium pectinatum Montagne 35 

Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis 35 

Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet and Thure t 35 

Order CRYPTONEMIALES 35 

Family PEYSSONNELIACEAE 35 

Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh 35 

Peyssonnelia squamaria (Gmelin) Decaisne 36 

Family CORALLINACEAE 36 

*Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux 36 

Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux 36 

Corallina elongata Ellis and Solander 36 

Corallina granifera Ellis and Solander 37 

Corallina officinalis Linnaeus 37 

Dermatolithon pustulatum (Lamouroux) Foslie 37 

Fosliella fannosa (Lamouroux) Howe 37 

Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen, Irvine, and 

Webster 38 

fama cormculata (Linnaeus) Lamouroux 38 

*fania longifurca Zanardini 38 

fania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux 38 

Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi 38 

Family CRYPTONEMIACEAE 39 

* Cryptonemia seminervis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh 39 
NUMBER 10 

Family KALLYMENIACEAE 39 

Kallymenia microphylla J. Agardh 39 

Orde r GIGARTINALES 39 

Family HYPNEACEAE 39 

Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacquin) Lamouroux 39 

Family PLOCAMIACEAE 39 

Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) Dixon 39 

Family SPHAEROCOCCACEAE 40 

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough and Woodward) 

Stackhouse 40 

Family FURCELLARIACEAE 40 

*Halarachnion ligulatum (Woodward) Kuetzing 40 

Family GRACILARIACEAE 40 

Gracilaria armata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh 40 

Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini 40 

* Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J. Agardh 40 

Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss 41 

Family PHYLLOPHORACEAE 41 

* Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) Martius 41 

Phyllophora nervosa (de Candolle) Greville in J. Agardh 41 

*Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) Newroth and A.R.A. 

Taylor 41 

Family GIGARTINACEAE 42 

Gigartina acicularis (Wulfen) Lamouroux 42 

Family RISSOELLACEAE 42 

Rissoella verruculosa (Bertoloni) J. Agardh 42 

Orde r RHODYMENIALES 42 

Family RHODYMENIACEAE 42 

* Chrysymema ventricosa (Lamouroux) J. Agardh 42 

*Rhodymema pseudopalmata (Lamouroux) Silva 42 

Family CHAMPIACEAE 42 

Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey 42 

Chylocladia verticillata (Lightfoot) Bliding 43 

Gastroclonium clavatum (Roth) Ardissone 43 

Family LOMENTARIACEAE 43 

Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye 43 

Orde r CERAMIALES 43 

Family CERAMIACEAE 43 

*Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Naegeli 43 

* Callithammon byssoides Arnott in Hooker 44 

Callithammon granulatum (Ducluzeau) C. Agardh 44 

Callithamnion tetragonum (Withering) C. Agardh 44 

Ceramium ciliatum (Ellis) Ducluzeau 44 

Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth 44 

Ceramium gracillimum Griffiths and Harvey in Harvey 45 
Vlll SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh 45 

Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamur a 45 

Ceramium tenuissimum (Lyngbye) J. Agardh 45 

* Gnffithsia flosculosa (Ellis) Batters in Newton 45 

*Griffithsia phyllamphora J. Agardh 45 

*Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Naegeli 46 

Spyridiafilamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey 46 

Wrangelia penicillata C. Agardh 46 

Family DELESSERIACEAE 46 

*Acrosorium uncinatum (Turner) Kylin 46 

*Hypoglossum woodwardii Kuetzing 47 

*Myriogramme distromatica Rodriguez ex Boudouresque 47 

Family DASYACEAE 47 

*Dasya baillouviana (Gmelin) Montagne 47 

Heterosiphonia wurdemanni (Bailey in Harvey) Falkenberg 47 

Family RHODOMELACEAE 47 

Acanthophora najadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss 47 

Alsidium corallinum C. Agardh 48 

* Chondria coerulescens (Crouan and Crouan) Falkenberg 48 

Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh 48 

Chondria tenuissima (Goodenough and Woodward) C. Agardh 48 

*Digenia simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh 48 

Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters 49 

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Schmitz 49 

Herposiphonia tenella forma secunda (C. Agardh) Hollenberg ... 49 

Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux 49 

*Laurencia papulosa (Forsskal) Greville 50 

* Laurencia pinnatifida (Gmelin) Lamouroux 50 

* Lophosiphonia subadunca (Kuetzing) Falkenberg 50 

* Lophosiphonia sacchonza Collins and Hervey 50 

Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Harvey in Hooker 50 

* Polysiphonia macrocarpa Harvey in Mackay 51 

Polysiphonia opaca (C. Agardh) Zanardini 51 

* Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot in Dillwyn) Greville 51 

* Polysiphonia violacea (Roth) Greville in Harvey 51 

*Pterosiphoma complanata (Clemente) Falkenberg 51 

*Pterosiphonia pennata (C. Agardh) Falkenberg 52 

Rytiphloea tinctoria (Clemente) C. Agardh 52 

Vidalia volubilis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh 52 

Literature Cited 53 
The Marine Algae of Tunisia 

Ernani G Menez 

and Arthur C. Mathieson 

Introduction 

T h e North African country of Tunisia lies on 

the southwestern shore of the Mediterranean between Algeria and Libya (Figure 1). The country's extensive coastline (approximately 1500 km) 

borders the eastern and western basins of the 

Mediterranean. Very few detailed floristic studies 

of the Tunisian marine flora have been conducted. 

T h e first records of Tunisian marine algae (42 

species) were published by Piccone (1884, 1879) 

from Galite and Cani Islands in northern Tunisia. 

Patouillard (1897) published a catalog of plants 

in which Sauvageau reported 6 species of seaweeds from the Gulf of Gabes in southeastern 

Tunisia. In the same year Debray (1897) reported 

30 species from Tunisia. Peterson (1918) listed 19 

species collected by Paulsen and Ostenfeld from 

Galite Island during the winter of 1908-1909 and 

summe r of 1910 cruises of the Thor's Danish 

oceanographic expeditions to the Mediterranean 

and adjacent seas. Schiffher (1926) published the 

first marine flora of Tunisia, listing 60 species of 

algae from Tunis, the capital of the country, and 

Sfax, a coastal city in the east. Hame l (1926, 

1927, 1931a,b) listed 55 species of algae from 

Tunisia. Feldmann published two short papers 

(1931a, 1951) on Tunisian algae citing a few 

Ernani G. Menez, Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Arthur C. Mathieson, 

director, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, 

Durham, New Hamphshire 03824. 

specimens from Gabes and Sousse. Subsequently 

Feldmann (1961) gave a comprehensive report of 

90 species from Galite Island in northern Tunisia. 

Hamel and Lemoine (1953), in their publication 

of the Corallinaceae of France and North Africa, 

listed 15 species of coralline algae from Tunisia. 

Earlier Lemoine (1924) reported 3 species of calcareous algae from Tunisia during the Mediterranean cruise of the Pourquois Pas?. A list of 56 

species of seaweeds from the Gulf of Tunis was 

published by Ben Alaya (1970). Othe r investigators, such as Fremy (1925), Pottier (1929), Huve 

(1962), Boudouresque (1967), Mazoyer (1937, 

1938), Seurat (1929), Mollinier and Picard 

(1954), have also contributed to our knowledge 

of the benthic marine algae in Tunisia. 

General collections of seaweeds were made at 

different times of the year at 29 sites throughout 

the Tunisian coast (Figure 1) between 1973-1975. 

Voucher specimens of all the species collected at 

each site were prepared. Whenever possible, 5 or 

more replicates of each species were made. Hab -

itat descriptions of the 29 collecting sites (Figure 

1) are summarized in "Collecting Locations on 

the Tunisian Coast." Overall, the sites represent 

exposed, semi-exposed, and sheltered locations, 

and the algae were either growing on rocks or 

sand-mud substrate or epiphytically on seagrasses 

or other algae. Th e specimens were collected 

principally by free diving to 3 m deep or dredging 

to a depth of 40 m. 

A total of 169 taxa of seaweeds was collected 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

TUNISIAN-SICILIA N 

SIL L

 ...SICILY 

FIGURE 1.—General collecting sites throughout the Tunisian coast. 
NUMBER 10 

from the 29 sites in Tunisia, including 37 (22%) 

Chlorophyta, 36 (21%) Phaeophyta, and 96 (57%) 

Rhodophyta . Of the 169 species, 57 are newly 

reported from Tunisia, i.e., 14 Chlorophyta, 8 

Phaeophyt a and 35 Rhodophyta . Of these, 16 

represent genera previously unreported. The genera are: Spatoglossum, Punctaria, Blidingia, Derbesia, 

Pseudobryopsis, Scinaia, Myriogramme, Bonnemaisonia, 

Falkenbergia, Cryptonemia, Halarachnion, Hypoglossum, Rhodymenia, Pterosiphoma, Spyridia, Digenia. 

T h e taxa new to Tunisia are designated with an 

asterisk (*) in the systematic section. Basionyms 

and synonyms are included in the list. References 

pertinent to Tunisian marine flora, general collection data, and the distribution of seaweed taxa 

in the Mediterranean, northeastern Atlantic, Red 

Sea, and Indian Ocean are included in the list. 

Collector is designated as EGM for E. G. Menez. 

T h e numbers in italic cited after the collector 

correspond to collecting stations, followed by 

specimen numbers in roman. Specimens are being 

deposited in the U.S. National Herbarium, 

Smithsonian Institution (US), the Hogdon Herbarium (NHA) at the University of New Hamp -

shire, and the Institut National Scientifique, 

Technical d'Oceanographie et des Peches (INSTOP) in Tunisia. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—This study represents a 

portion of a dissertation submitted by E. Menez 

to the University of New Hampshire in partial 

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of 

doctor of philosophy. Th e financial support provided by the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program for the research in Tunisia was greatly 

appreciated. We wish to thank Dr. S. Dillon 

Ripley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 

for granting travel support from the Fluid Research Fund to enable E. G. Menez to study 

specimens of Tunisian seaweeds deposited in the 

British Museum (Natural History), London, and 

in the Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. We would like 

to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Abderrazak 

Azouz, director, Institut National Scientifique, 

Technical d'Oceanographie et des Peches (Tunisia), for granting permission to collect and study 

seaweeds from Tunisia. For critical review and 

discussion of this paper, we are indebted to Dr. 

Linn Bogle and Dr. Garrett Crow, Department 

of Botany, University of New Hampshire ; Dr. 

Jame s Norris, National Museum of National History, Smithsonian Institution; and Dr. Joh n West, 

Department of Botany, University of California, 

Berkeley. Dr. Paul Silva, University of California 

Herbarium, Berkeley, assisted with problems of 

literature citations, for which we are grateful. For 

their encouragement and continued support, the 

senior author wishes to thank Dr. Robert Higgins 

and Dr. Raymond Manning, Smithsonian Institution. Last, but not least, we would like to 

acknowledge the assistance of Ms. Hilconida Calumpong, Smithsonian fellow (Educational Outreach Program), in the final proofreading and 

typing of this paper. 

Collecting Locations on the Tunisian Coast 

T h e Tunisian coastline is approximately 1500 

km long. Th e northern boundary (08°45'00" N 

lat., 36°57'00" E long.) is 5 km west of the city of 

Tabarka and the southern boundary (11°34'00" 

N lat., 33° 10' 00" E long.) is 6 km south of Lake 

El Bibane. A brief description of each collecting 

station (Figure 1) is given below. 

Station 1, Tabarka: a sheltered rocky beach at the western 

edge of the port. The substrate consists of large subtidal 

rock outcrops. A rich algal flora is evident. 

Station 2, Cap Serrat: a semi-exposed sandy beach 56 km 

west of Bizerte. A rocky promontory with large tidepools 

provides an excellent substrate for a well-developed flora. 

Heavy populations of Posidoma with numerous algal epiphytes. 

Station 3, Bechateur: an isolated, semi-exposed rocky site 

with a sandy beach 3 km west of the town. Rocky outcrops 

and Posidoma beds abound with algae. 

Station 4, Corniche, Bizerte: an exposed sandy beach located 

behind Hotel Corniche 4 km west of the town. Collection 

consisted of drift specimens of algae. 

Station 5, Cap Zebib: an exposed sandy beach 12 km west 

of Bizerte. Vertical surfaces of rock benches, subtidal rock 

platforms, and sparse population of seagrass provide an 

excellent substrate for a rich algal flora. 

Station 6, Raf Raf: an exposed sandy beach 15 km west of 

Cap Zebib. The substrate consists of a few, small rock 

outcrops and sand. Algae were sparse. 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Station 7, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki: an exposed sandy beach at 

the northwest end of Gulf of Tunis. Few, scattered rocks 

with poor algal cover. 

Station 8, He Plane: an exposed offshore station 8 km west 

of Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki. The substrate consists of rocks 

mixed with sand and calcareous algae fragments. Algae 

were dredged from depths of 15-75 m. 

Station 9, mouth of Madjerda: a semi-exposed site near a 

river outlet 8 km south of Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki. The 

substrate consists of muddy sand. Algae were dredged 

from depths of 15-57 m. 

Station 10, Raouad: an exposed sandy beach 13 km south of 

Madjerda on the western side of the Gulf of Tunis. The 

substrate consists of sand with few, isolated rocks. Algae 

collection consisted of drift specimens. 

Station 11, Gammarth: a semi-exposed sandy beach behind 

Abou Nawas Hotel 9 km south of Raouad. Rock outcrops 

and Cymodocea beds abound with well-developed marine 

flora. 

Station 12, Corniche, La Marsa: a sheltered sandy beach 7 

km north of Gammarth in the Bay of Tunis. A rocky 

promontory and extensive Cymodocea beds provide a good 

substrate for a rich algal flora. 

Station 13, Sidi Bou Said: a sheltered marina enclosed by 

man-made rock piles 3 km south of Corniche, La Marsa. 

Sparse Cymodocea covered with algal epiphytes. 

Station 14, Korbous: a semi-exposed rocky beach 6 km south 

of the town on the Cap Bon peninsula. Few algae were 

found on intertidal rocks and Cymodocea. 

Station 15, Nabeul: an exposed rocky beach behind Hotel 

Pyramides on the Cap Bon peninsula. Intertidal rock 

platforms with few algae. 

Station 16, Hammamet: a semi-exposed sandy beach behind 

an old fortification on the Cap Bon peninsula. Isolated 

boulders provide a good substrate for rich populations of 

Codium and Porphyra. 

Station 17, Sousse: a semi-exposed sandy beach adjacent to 

the main boulevard. Massive rock piles 50 m offshore 

support a rich algal flora. 

Station 18, Monastir: an exposed rocky beach 14 km southwest of Sousse. The substrate consists of sand and rocks. 

Vegetation is poor. 

Station 19, Sidi Fredj, Kerkenna Island: a semi-exposed 

sandy-muddy beach on the western end of the island. 

Occasional rocks and Cymodocea beds provide substrate for 

the algae. 

Station 20, El Attaya, Kerkenna Island: an exposed sandymuddy beach on the southern end of the island. Intertidal 

rock platforms and Cymodocea beds abound with lush algal 

vegetation. 

Station 21, Sidi Youssef, Kerkenna Island: a sheltered sandymuddy beach adjacent to the ferry-landing. Sand, mud, 

and occasional rocks support a poor vegetation. 

Station 22, Gulf of Gabes: an offshore station 72 km south 

of the city of Sfax. Algae were dredged from depths of 37-

38 m. 

Station 23, Bordj Djillidj, Djerba Island: an exposed sandy 

beach on the northwestern end of the island. Coarse sand 

supports few algae. 

Station 24, Dar Djerba, Djerba Island: an exposed sandy 

beach behind Hotel Dar Djerba. Rock outcrops with poor 

cover of algae. 

Station 25, Sakiet, Djerba Island: an exposed sandy beach 

3 km south of Dar Djerba. Seagrass, rocks, and sand 

provide substrate for algae. 

Station 26, El Kantara, Djerba Island: a sheltered sandy 

beach on the southern end of the island. Intertidal rock 

platforms and Cymodocea beds provide a good substrate for 

marine vegetation. 

Station 27, Aghir, Djerba Island: a semi-exposed sandy 

beach 5 km north of El Kantara. Cymodocea with numerous 

algal epiphytes. Occasional rocks support sparse populations of larger algae. 

Station 28, Zarzis: an exposed sandy beach adjacent to a 

small bridge 18 km south of El Kantara. The substrate 

consists of rocks and sand. Vegetation is poor. 

Station 29, El Bibane: a sheltered salt-water lake 8 km north 

of the Libyan border. The substrate inside the lake consists 

of mud and sand, which support thick populations of 

Cystoseira, Udolea, and Halimeda. Subtidal rock platforms at 

the narrow opening into the lake with rich algal cover. 

Key to the Marine Algae of Tunisia 

3. 

4. 

Plants calcified 2 

Plants not calcified 13 

A simple stalk bearing a disk at the apex ... Acetabularia acetabulum 

Plants not a stalk bearing a disk at the apex 3 

Plants flabellate Udotea petiolata 

Plants not flabellate 4 

Plants erect 5 

Plants crustose 10 
NUMBER 10 

5. Plants stiff, with heavy calcification 6 

Plants soft and pliable, moderately calcified Liagora 

A. Plants irregularly branched, with many laterals L. distenta 

Plants dichotomously branched, without laterals L. viscida 

6. Plants with simple stalk and terminal tufts of free filaments 

Espera mediterranea 

Plants not a simple stalk with terminal tufts of filaments 7 

7. Holdfast fibrous Halimeda tuna 

Holdfast not fibrous 8 

8. Plants with axial conceptacles 9 

Plants with apical conceptacles Haliptilon squamatum 

Plants with lateral conceptacles Amphiroa 

A. Uppe r segments compressed, cylindrical below, dichotomously 

branched, branches often recurved A. beauvoisii 

Segments terete, branches not recurved A. rigida 

9. Branching dichotomous Jania 

A. Diameter of main segments more than 400 /x; plants more than 4 cm 

high J. longifurca 

Diameter of main segments less than 250 [i; plants up to 5 cm 

high B 

B. Habit corymbose, segments 3-6 times as long as broad . . J. rubens 

Habit divaricate, segments 2-3 times as long as broad 

J. corniculata 

9. Branching pinnate Corallina 

A. Conceptacles without horns C. officinalis 

Conceptacles with horns B 

B. Plants saxicolous; basal disk bears many large erect fronds; intergeniculum compressed C. elongata 

Plants epiphytic; basal disk bears single erect fronds; intergeniculum 

partly cylindrical C. granifera 

10. Thallus heavily encrusted with lime; sporangia in conceptacles 11 

Thallus moderately encrusted with lime; sporangia scattered between 

erect filaments(paraphyses) Peyssonnelia 

A. Plants crustose, loosely attached, somewhat rigid and stony, deep 

red P. rubra 

Plants crustose, closely adhering to substrate, leathery, brownish to 

rust colored P. squamaria 

11. Secondary pit connections present 12 

Secondary pit connections absent Fosliella farinosa 

12. Plants epiphytic on other algae Dermatolithon pustulatum 

Plants saxicolous Lithophyllum incrustans 

13. Plants filamentous 14 

Plants not filamentous 34 

14. Filaments branched 15 

Filaments unbranched Chaetomorpha aerea 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

15. Filaments entirely uniseriate 16 

Filaments partly or entirely multiseriate 26 

16. Filaments with reticulate, clathrate, or fragmented chloroplast; 

multinucleate 17 

Filaments without reticulate, clathrate, or fragmented chloroplast; 

uninucleate 18 

17. Thallus free-floating; chloroplast clathrate or fragmented; filaments 

entangled Cladophoropsis modonensis 

Thallus attached; chloroplast reticulate; filaments free . . . Cladophora 

A. Plants a spongy mass of interwoven filaments C. albida 

Plants consisting of free filaments B 

B. Rhizoids numerous, long, rising from basal filaments . C. prolifera 

Rhizoids few, short, arising from basal filaments C 

C. Filaments fine, soft, silky, and pale green C. crystallina 

Filaments coarse, not silky, dark green D 

D. Plants forming tufted cushions, not more than 1 cm high 

C. lutescens 

Plants erect, more than 2 cm high E 

E. Filaments near the base 150-200 /x in diameter, 6-10 times as long as 

broad C. utriculosa 

Filaments near the base less than 150 jii (rarely 200 /J,) in diameter, 2 -

7 times as long as broad F 

F. Branch system acropetally organized, falcate C. dalmatica 

Branch system not acropetally organized, straight G 

G. Filaments 80-150 ju in diameter; branches opposite or in fours; cells 

3-4 times as long as broad C. rupestris 

Filaments 120-200 /J, in diameter; branching radial; cells 2-6 times 

as long as broad C. ramosissima 

18. Filaments without involucral cells 19 

Filaments bearing involucral filaments A 

A. Branching alternate or irregular, plants bushy . Anotrichium tenue 

Branching dichotomous, plants tufted Griffithsia 

B. Tetrasporangia naked G. floscuJosa 

Tetrasporangia covered G. phyllamphora 

19. Plants free-floating, green Derbesia lamourouxii 

Plants attached, color various but not green 20 

20. Filaments occasionally epiphytic, reproducing commonly by polyspores 21 

Filaments epiphytic, reproducing commonly by monospores 

Acrochaetium 

A. Base composed of creeping filaments A. codiculum 

Base composed of a disk B 

B. Disk produces creeping filaments A. virgatulum 

Disk produces directly erect filaments A. savianum 
NUMBER 10 

21. Filaments with highly refractive lateral vesicular cells 

Trailliella intricata 

Filaments without refractive lateral vesicular cells 22 

22. Filaments ecorticate 23 

Filaments corticated at the nodes or sometimes cortical cells covering 

entire uniseriate axis Ceramium 

A. Filaments beset with spines at the nodes C. ciliatum 

Filaments without spines B 

B. Plants entirely corticated C. rubrum 

Plants corticated only at the nodes C 

C. Filaments setaceous at the base C. diaphanum 

Filaments not setaceous at the base D 

D. Cortical cells distinctly dissimilar in size and shape; tetrasporangia 

covered by cortical cells E 

Cortical cells similar in size and shape; tetrasporangia naked 

C. tenuissimum 

E. Cortical cells at the base of the node larger than cells above 

C. tenerrimum 

Cortical cells above the node larger than cells below 

C. gracillimum 

23. Sporangia tetrapartite or tetrahedral 24 

Sporangia unilocular 25 

24. Sporangia tetrapartite; cells uninucleate ... . Antithamnion cruciatum 

Sporangia tetrahedral; cells plurinucleate Callithamnion 

A. Tetrasporangia elliptical; ultimate branchlets pinnate or dichotomous B 

Tetrasporangia oval; ultimate branchlets alternate 

C. tetragonum 

B. Tetrasporangia lateral on branches; branchlets pinnate 

C. byssoides 

Tetrasporangia axial on branches; branchlets dichotomous 

C. granulatum 

25. Chromatophores numerous, discoid Giffordia hincksiae 

Chromatophores few, banded Ectocarpus 

A. Base of plants tighty entangled becoming free above; ultimate branchlets secund and ending in a hair; plurilocular gametangia ovateacuminate E. fasciculatus 

Base of plants loosely entangled becoming free above; ultimate 

branchlets secund, few ending in a hair; plurilocular gametangia 

subulate-conical, sometimes apices ending in long multicellular 

hairs E. siliculosus 

26. Filaments without propagula 27 

Filaments with stalked, bi- or triradiate propagula Sphacelaria 

A. Branching irregular; propagulum bi- or triradiate B 

Branching pinnate; propagulum triradiate S. cirrosa 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

B. Propagulum triradiate S. tribuloides 

Propagulum biradiate S. furcigera 

27. Cells without pit connections 28 

Cells with pit connections 30 

28. Filaments uniseriate throughout 29 

Filaments uniseriate below becoming multiseriate above 

Bangia fuscopurpurea 

29. Filaments unbranched, with gelatinous sheaths . . Goniotrichum alsidii 

Filaments branched, without gelatinous sheaths . Erythrotrichia carnea 

30. Filaments with 3 pericentral cells Falkenbergia rufolanosa 

Filaments with 4 or more pericentral cells • 31 

31. Branches not formed in regular sequences 32 

Determinate and indeterminate branches formed in regular 

sequences Herposiphonia 

A. Pericentral cells less than 10; erect determinate branches less than 

1 mm long H. tenella f. secunda 

Pericentral cells more than 20; erect determinate branches more than 

1 mm long H. tenella 

32. Plants erect, sometimes with decumbent basal filaments; apices 

straight 33 

Plants with creeping primary axes, lateral branches with recurved 

apex Lophosiphonia 

A. Pericentral cells 4; rhizoids saccate L. sacchoriza 

Pericentral cells more than 4; rhizoids not saccate . . . L. subadunca 

33. Main axes polysiphonous; ultimate branches monosiphonous 

Heterospihonia wurdemanni 

Filaments entirely polysiphonous Polyspihonia 

A. Primary axes with 4 pericentral cells B 

Primary axes with 16-20 pericentral cells P. opaca 

B. Filaments corticated C 

Filaments uncorticated D 

C. Plants 10-15 cm high, branching alternate P. violacea 

Plants more than 15 cm high, branching irregular P. elongata 

D. Plants less than 3 cm high; branching irregular P. macrocarpa 

Plants more than 10 cm high; branching pseudodichotomous 

P. urceolata 

34. Plants not spongy or feltlike, without inflated utricles 35 

Plants spongy or feltlike with a layer of inflated utricles Codium 

A. Plants an unbranched spherical mass C. bursa 

Plants erect, subdichotomously branched C. decorticatum 

35. Plants subspherical and convoluted Colpomenia sinuosa 

Plants not subspherical and convoluted 36 

36. Thallus with inrolled margins Padina pavonica 

Thallus without inrolled margins 37 
NUMBER 10 

37. Medulla traversed by a system of filaments (trabeculae) 

Caulerpa prolifera 

Medulla without trabeculae 38 

38. Thallus not tufted, coarse and stiff, often more than 10 cm high, ramuli 

not basally constricted 39 

Thallus tufted, soft and flexuous, less than 10 cm high, with ramuli 

basally constricted and pinnately or multifariously arranged 

Bryopsis 

A. Ramuli multifarious B 

Ramuli distichous, sometimes with only one row of ramuli C 

B. Main axes profusely branched B. hypnoides 

Main axes simple B. muscosa 

C. Diameter of ramuli less than 50 /x B. balbisiana 

Diameter of ramuli more than 50 /x B. plumosa 

39. Plants bearing air-vesicles 40 

Plants without air-vesicles 41 

40. Foliar structures spinelike; receptacles developed near tips of 

branches Cystoseira 

A. Single axis produced from a single basal disk B 

Several axes produced from a single basal disk C 

B. Branches beset with long, slender, generally dichotomous ramuli; 

vesicles catenate C. barbata 

Branches beset with short, stubby, spiny, dichotomous ramuli; vesicles solitary C. mediterranea 

C. Axes and branches compressed, becoming terete distally; large fusiform vesicles conspicuously catenate at younger parts of the plant 

C. compressa 

Axes and branches terete; small round vesicles solitary or sometimes 

double and borne at bases of ramuli D 

D. Ramuli short, not more than 3 mm long, crowded or thickly set 

radially on branches E 

Ramuli long, slender, more than 3 mm long, branches and ramuli 

patent F 

E. Ramuli short, torulose, with blunt tips C. schiffneri 

Ramuli slightly compressed, forked, with pointed tips involute, completely covering axes and branches, except short portion near the 

basal disk C. sedoides 

F. Ramuli compressed, irregular to opposite C. myriophylloides 

Ramuli terete, dichotomous to subdichotomous G 

G. Basal disk producing two axes with many branches; ramuli 

dichotomous C. sauvageauiana 

Basal disk producing more than two axes; branches clothed with tiny 

spinelike projections at the lower end; branchlets arising from apex 

of each main branch C. discors 

40. Foliar structures narrow or broad blades; receptacles axillary Sargassum 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

A. Blades linear-lanceolate, 5-9 cm long; vesicles with alated stalks; 

receptacles up to 7 mm long S. linifolium 

Blades lanceolate, 1-2 cm long; vesicles with simple stalks, receptacles 

2-4 mm long S. vuigare 

41. Thallus tubular, brown and constricted Scytosiphon lomentaria 

Thallus, if tubular, not brown and constricted 42 

42. Thallus not consisting of vacuolate cells 43 

Thallus consisting of vacuolate cells Vaionia 

A. Cells crowded together in a mass; cells ovoid, obovate or clavate, 

more than 5 mm in diameter 

V. macrophysa 

Cells loose, long and clavate, less than 5 mm in diameter 

V. utricularis 

43. Thallus green and tubular 44 

Thallus not green and tubular 45 

44. Two or more thalli arising from a single discoid holdfast 

Blidingia marginata 

Thallus arising singly from a discoid holdfast Enteromorpha 

A. Plants tubular near the base, expanded distally, unbranched, margins 

of blades hollow E. linza 

Plants entirely cylindrical or compressed or expanded distally, simple 

or branched, hollow throughout B 

B. Cells in longitudinal series or at least in ultimate divisions C 

Cells not in longitudinal series F 

C. Plants repeatedly and profusely branched D 

Plants simple or with proliferations E 

D. Plants stiff, with short, spinelike branchlets E. ramulosa 

Plants filiform, with elongate branchlets E. clathrata 

E. Plants without proliferations E. flexuosa 

Plants with proliferations E. prolifera 

F. Plants unbranched, expanded distally, often contorted and open at 

the end E. intestinalis 

Plants branched, expanded distally and compressed . . E. compressa 

45. Plants olive-brown to dark brown 46 

Plants not brown 59 

46. Thallus consisting of a small monostromatic disk of radiating 

filaments Myrionema strangulans 

Thallus not a monostromatic disk 47 

47. Thallus with a distinct midrib Dictyopteris membranacea 

Thallus without a midrib 48 

48. Entire plant a slippery dark brown crust rXalfsia verrucosa 

Entire plant not a slippery dark brown crust 49 

49. Blades subpalmately lobed with an irregularly dentate margin 

Spatoglossum schroederi 

Blades not subpalmately lobed 50 
NUMBER 10 1 1 

50. Blades wedge shaped Taonia atomaria 

Blades not wedge shaped 51 

51. Plants consisting of an entire lanceolate blade Punctaria latifolia 

Plants not a lanceolate blade 52 

52. Plants prostrate or appressed to substrate by numerous rhizoids 

Zanardinia prototypus 

Plants erect 53 

53. Thallus without distichous or multipinnate branching 54 

Thallus with distichous or multipinnate branching Halopteris 

A. Branching multipinnate; plants attached by a disk H. filicina 

Branching distichous; plants attached by rhizoidal filaments 

H. scoparia 

54. Branchlets whorled; main axes covered by rhizoidal filaments 

Cladostephus verticillatus 

Branchlets not whorled; main axes not covered by rhizoidal 

filaments 55 

55. Blades flabellate and incised Zonaria tournefortii 

Blades not flabellate and incised 56 

56. Thallus strap shaped 57 

Thallus not strap shaped 58 

57. Medulla consisting of a single layer of cells Dictyota 

A. Blades straight, more than 2 mm wide D. dichotoma 

Blades twisted, less than 2 mm wide D. linearis 

Medulla with at least two layers of cells Dilophus 

A. Blades spiralled D. spiralis 

Blades straight D. fasciola 

58. Branchlets dichotomous; sporangia borne on straight, clavate paraphyses 

in spherical sori Spermatochnus paradoxus 

Branchlets subdichotomous; sporangia borne on incurved, clavate 

paraphyses in hemispherical sori Stilophora rhizodes 

59. Plants green 60 

Plants not green 63 

60. Entire plant club shaped DasycJadus clavaeformis 

Entire plant not club shaped 61 

61. Thallus flabellate, formed by polychotomously branched cells 

Anadyomene stellata 

Thallus not flabellate 63 

62. Thallus tufted, consisting of uniseriate rows of cells originating from 

creeping rhizomes Pseudobryopsis myura 

Thallus a membranous, expanded, distromatic blade Ulva 

A. Plants with simple, lanceolate blades U. lactuca 

Plants with broad lobed blades U. rigida 

63. Blades ligulate or strap shaped 64 

Blades not ligulate or strap shaped 67 

64. Blade surface proliferous Halarachnion ligulatum 

Blade surface not proliferous .. 65 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

65. Blades ligulate and twisted Vidalia volubilis 

Blades ligulate to strap shaped and not twisted 66 

66. Plants consisting of simple, strap-shaped blades with inrolled 

apices Rytiphloea tinctoria 

Plants consisting of proliferous, ligulate to strap-shaped blades without 

inrolled apices Rissoella verruculosa 

67. Entire plant one or two cells thick 68 

Entire plant more than two cells thick 69 

68. Thallus monostromatic Porphyra leucosticta 

Thallus distromatic Myriogramme distromatica 

69. Blades with a midrib Hypoglossum woodwardii 

Blades without a midrib 70 

70. Thallus without a stalk 71 

Thallus consisting of a distinct stalk, with expanded, flat, proliferous 

blades above Phyllophora 

A. Plants with long, terete stalk expanding into flabellate, forked 

branches above P. nervosa 

Plants with a short, terete stalk and with strap-shaped, dichotomous 

segments above P. pseudoceranoides 

71. Plants one cell thick, except in lower portions, occasionally branches 

with hooked apices Acrosorium uncinatum 

Plants more than one cell thick, branches rarely with hooked apices .. 72 

72. Medulla with stellate cells 73 

Medulla without stellate cells 74 

73. Stellate cells numerous, large, with many refractive cells 

Kallymenia microphylla 

Stellate cells few, small, with few refractive cells 

Cryptonemia seminervis 

74. Thallus expanded into a semicircular blade, repeatdly cleft into dichotomous segments Rhodymenia pseudopalmata 

Thallus not semicircular and not cleft into segments 75 

75. Plants with central-filament structure; monosiphonous (uniseriate) or 

polysiphonous (with development of pericentral cells around central 

cell); naked or corticated; auxiliary cells produced from supporting 

cells after fertilization 76 

Plants without pericentral cells; not uniseriate; auxiliary cells absent, or 

if present, they are formed before fertilization 85 

76. Main axes covered with uniseriate, branched filaments; soft and delicate; 

older parts clothed by rhizoidal filaments Dasya baillouviana 

Axes and branches with or without short, stiff, or spinelike branchlets; 

rigid and cartilaginous; rhizoidal filaments absent 77 

77. Apical cells in sunken pits 78 

Apical cells not in sunken pits 79 

78. Pericentral cells distinctly arranged in section; tetrasporangia developed 

from pericentral cells and embedded below cortical area . . Chondria 
NUMBER 10 13 

A. Ramuli attenuated at base and apex C. tenuissima 

Ramuli clavate B 

B. Ramuli long, truncated at apex C. coerulescens 

Ramuli short, rounded apex C. dasyphylla 

78. Pericentral cells not distinct in section; tetrasporangia found outside of 

cortical area and not developed from pericentral cells . Laurencia 

A. Thallus terete B 

Thallus compressed L. pinnatifida 

B. Branching alternate L. papillosa 

Branching opposite L. obtusa 

79. Main axes corticated by downgrowth of filaments from nodal cells, 

pinnate-alternately branched Wrangelia penicillata 

Main axes naked, if corticated, then not consisting of filaments; branching irregular 80 

80. Branches pectinate or second, with two rows of subulate 

ramuli Halopitys incurvus 

Branches not pectinate or secund and without rows of subulate 

ramuli 81 

81. Spur branches present, bearing spinelike branchlets 

Acanthophora najadiformis 

Spur branches absent 82 

82. Plants corticated 83 

Plants ecorticated Alsidium corallinum 

83. Branching alternate or pinnate, terete or compressed 84 

Branching dichotomous, terete Digenia simplex 

84. Main axes with alternate branches producing short, slender, deciduous 

spinelike branchlets Spyridia filamentosa 

Main axes producing pinnately arranged simple branchlets 

Pterosiphonia 

A. Plants procumbent, less than 5 cm high, branchlets terete 

P. pennata 

Plants erect, more than 5 cm high, compressed P. compianata 

85. Typical auxiliary cells absent 86 

Typical auxiliary cells present 90 

86. Plants haplobiontic 87 

Plants diplobiontic 89 

87. Plants uniaxial 88 

Plants multiaxial Scinaia forcellata 

88. Plants bushy, in brushlike tufts, alternately branched 

Asparagopsis armata 

Plants not bushy, with alternate, closely packed patent branchlets, and 

spinelike ramuli covering Bonnemaisonia asparagoides 

89. Thallus compressed, rhizines present in the central medulla 

Pterocladia capillacea 

Thallus terete or compressed, rhizines present in the subcortical 

region Gelidium 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

A. Plants with prostrate axes G. pusillum 

Plants without prostrate axes B 

B. Plants erect, with broad flat axes and linear-lanceolate branches 

beset with bristle-like pinnae; branching distichous . G. latifolium 

Plants erect, terete shortly above the base, becoming flat above, 

pinnules often pinnate-alternate, occasionally radial 

G. pectinatum 

90. Auxiliary cells formed by ordinary intercalary cells 91 

Auxiliary cells formed by daughter cells of the supporting cell 96 

91. Branching pinnately-decompound with alternately secund branchlets Plocamium cartilagineum 

Branching not pinnately-decompound and without alternate secund 

branchlets 92 

92. Branches with spur branchlets, branch tips often hooked 

Hypnea musciformis 

Branches without spur branchlets, branch tips straight 93 

93. Thallus filiform, terete, irregularly branched; branches curved 

Gigartina acicularis 

Thallus not filiform, terete or compressed, branches straight 94 

94. Plants less than 5 cm high; branching dichotomous; branches slightly 

compressed Gymnogongrus griffithsiae 

Plants more than 5 cm high; branching pinnate; branches terete or 

compressed 95 

95. Branches fringed with numerous tiny proliferations which bear the 

cystocarps Sphaerococcus coronopifolius 

Branches without proliferations, cystocarps sessile Gracilaria 

A. Branches arcuate G. arcuata 

Branches straight B 

B. Main axes compressed, repeatedly pinnately branched 

G. cervicornis 

Main axes terete or slightly compressed, branching radial C 

C. Thallus terete, with spinelike branchlets G. armata 

Thallus slightly compressed, without spinelike branchlets 

G. verrucosa 

96. Plants with stipitate pyriform vesicles Chrysymenia ventricosa 

Plants without vesicles 97 

97. Plants hollow, or with few medullary filaments 98 

Plants entirely solid, or with solid axes below and hollow above . ... 99 

98. Plants entirely hollow Champia parvula 

Plants solid at bases of branches Lomentaria articulata 

99. Axes solid below and hollow above; irregularly branched 

Gastroclonium clavatum 

Axes with few medullary filaments; branching verticillate 

Chylocladia verticillata 
NUMBER 10 15 

Division PHAEOPHYTA 

Class PHAEOPHYCEAE 

Order ECTOCARPALES 

Family ECTOCARPACEA E 

Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey 

*Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harvey, 1851, pl. 273.—Gayral, 1958: 

122, 197, 199.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:69.—Ardre, 1970: 

231.—Boudouresque and Perrett, 1977:96. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 298(US); 301 

(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in Jun e and August epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea 

nodosa. 

Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye 

Conferva siliculosa Dillwyn, 1807:69. 

Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, 1819:131.—Bornet, 

1892:246.—Funk, 1927:239.—Feldmann, 1931b:209; 

1937:265.—Hamel, 1931d:2L—Papenfuss, 1968:28.— 

Ardre, 1970:229.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:743.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, 

Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / ; 296 (INSTOP), 

302(US); 17: 297(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in January, February, April, May, and August epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

*Giffordia hincksiae (Harvey) Hamel 

Ectocarpus hincksiae Harvey, 1841:40.—Bornet, 1892:246. 

Giffordia hincksiae (Harvey) Hamel, 1939:xv.—Gayral, 1958: 

200.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:70.—Ardre, 1970:238. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Sousse); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco) . 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 308, 309; 17: 

306(US), 307(NHA), 310 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April epiphytic 

on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Family RALFSIACEA E 

Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) J. Agardh 

Cruoria verrucosa Areschoug, 1843:264. 

Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) J. Agardh, 1848:62.—Piccone, 

1884:117.—Bornet, 1892:241.—Boergesen, 1926:64.— 

Funk, 1927:344.—Feldmann, 1931b:210; 1961:505.— 

Riedl, 1963:47.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:70.—Papenfuss, 

1968:30.—Ardre, 1970:247.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

744.—Giaccone et al., 1973:110.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:7.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:100. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 492(NHA); 18: 

1976(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April growing as crust on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Order SPHACELARIALES 

Family SPHACELARIACEA E 

Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C. Agardh 

Conferva cirrosa Roth, 1800:214. 

Sphacelaria cirrosa (Roth) C. Agardh, 1824:164.—Piccone, 

1879:24; 1884:116.—Bornet, 1892:240.—Boergesen, 1926: 

74.—Schiffner, 1926:308.—Funk, 1927:354.—Feldmann, 

1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:218.—Dao, 1957:168.—Riedl, 1963:49.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:76.—Ardre, 1970:258.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:749.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:104. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeast-
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

ern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 515(US), 1191 

(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April epiphytic 

on Cystoseira sedoides. 

* Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing 

Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing, 1855:27.—Boergesen, 1926: 

72.—Papenfuss, 1968:31.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:105. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Corsica); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1184(US). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April epiphytic 

on Cystoseira. 

* Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini 

Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini, 1840:[2].—Boergesen, 1926: 

72.—Funk, 1927:353.—Hamel, 1939:xli.—Feldmann, 

1937:268.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:217.—Aleem, 

1951:251.—Papenfuss, 1968:31.—Lipkin and Safriel, 

1971:7.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:749.—Giaccone et al., 

1973, table iv— Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:213.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:106. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Hamma -

met); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; 

Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 516-518(US); 

16: 519(NHA), 520(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and 

September epiphytic on various algae. 

Family STYPOCAULACEAE 

Halopteris filicina (Grateloup) Kuetzing 

Ceramium filicinum Grateloup, 1806:33. 

Haloptens filicina (Grateloup) Kuetzing, 1843:292. — Bornet, 

1892:239.—Petersen, 1918:8.—Funk, 1927:354.—Feldmann, 1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:218.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.— 

Riedl, 1963:49.—Edelstein, 1964:186.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:76.—Ardre, 1970:260.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:749.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 

1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:103. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, mouth of 

Madjerda, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 8: 316, 325-330; 9: 

311-315, 317-320, 331; 13: 321-322(US), 

323(NHA), 324(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in October and 

December on rocks. Dredged from 15 to 57 m. 

Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau 

Conferva scopana Linnaeus, 1758:720. 

Haloptens scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, 1907:506.—Petersen, 1918:8.—Boergesen, 1926:75.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1938:263.—Nasr, 

1940a: 14.—Gayral, 1958:204.—Riedl, 1963:49.—Papenfuss, 1968:32.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.— 

Ardre, 1970:261.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:749.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212. 

Stypocaulon scopanum Kuetzing, 1843:293.—Bornet, 1892: 

238.—Funk, 1927: 355.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

219.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:77. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, 

C a p Zebib, Bechateur, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, 

Bizerte, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, 

Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 336-338, 365; 2: 

339, 351, 353, 1172, 1260; 3: 355, 375-386; 4: 349, 

350; 5: 354, 1366, 1367; 7: 366; 12: 352, 356-358; 

13: 359-364; 15: 369-374; 16: 367, 368; 17: 322; 

18: 340-348(US); 24: 333-335 (NHA); 29: 

38 7 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 
NUMBER 10 17 

to July and in September and October on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 

Padina collans Montagne, 1846:33. 

Zanardima collans Crouan and Crouan, 1867:168. 

1892:231. 

-Bornet, 

Family CLADOSTEPHACEA E 

Cladostephus verticillatus (Lightfoot) Lyngbye 

Conferva vertiallala Lightfoot, 1777:984. 

Cladostephus verticillatus (Lightfoot) Lyngbye, 1819:102.— 

Fremy, 1925:28.—Boergesen, 1926:75.—Funk, 1927: 

356.—Feldmann, 1931b:214; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1938:268.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:219.—Riedl, 

1963:49.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:77.—Ardre, 1970:262.— 

Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970: 

218.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:750.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:125.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:211. 

Cladostephus verticillatus J. Agardh, 1848:43.—Piccone, 1884: 

117.—Bornet, 1892:239.—DeToni, 1895:455.—Gayral, 

1958:208. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, Ra f Raf, mouth of Madjerda, La 

Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Hammamet, Nabeul, 

Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, 

Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, 

Turkey, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1265, 1266; 3: 

13-21, 27, 30; 6: 7, 24; 9: 8-12, 26; 12: 22; 13: 5, 

6, 23; 15: 25, 29; 16: 28; 18: 1-4(US), 2029(NHA), 

2031 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in February, 

from April to July, and in September, October, 

and December. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean 

(France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, 

Egypt). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 8: 545(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in December on 

rocks. Dredged from 65 m. 

Order DICTYOTALES 

Family DICTYOTACEA E 

Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) 

Batters 

Fucus membranaceus Stackhouse, 1801, pl. 13. 

Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) Batters, 1902:54.— 

Feldmann, 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1938:341.— 

Nasr, 1940b: 15.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.— 

Edelstein, 1964:188.—Papenfuss, 1968:32.—Ardre, 1970: 

267.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Ben Alaya, 

1970:208.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:750.—Giaccone et 

al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:110. 

Dictyopteris polypodioides Lamouroux, 1809c: 19.—Boergesen, 

1926:95.—Feldmann, 193lb:217.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:225.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:84.— 

Guven and Ostig, 1971:124. 

Halisens polypodioides C. Agardh, 1820:142.—Piccone, 1879: 

26; 1884:120.—Muschler, 1910:468.—Schiffner, 1926: 

306. 

Order CUTLERIALES 

Family CUTLERIACEAE 

Zanardinia prototypus Nardo 

Zanardima prototypus Nardo, 1841:189.—Feldmann, 1937: 

268.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Edelstein, 

1962:213; 1964:187.—Ardre, 1970:263.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:748.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:125.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:109. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka , 

Ra f Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, La Marsa, 

Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Monastir, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt); Red 

Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 182; 2: 176, 177; 

7: 180; 11: 193, 195-197; 12: 181, 189-191, 194, 

1609; 13: 178, 179, 198, 199; 18: 193-196, 

192(US); 24: 187(NHA), 188(INSTOP). 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found throughout the 

year on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux 

Ulva dichotoma Hudson, 1762:476. 

Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1809a:331.—Muschler, 1910:301.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Boergesen, 1926: 

84.—Funk, 1927:361.—Feldmann, 1931b:216; 1937:268; 

1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:347.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:226.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:270.—Dao, 1957: 

169.—Gayral, 1958:218.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Edelstein, 

1962:213; 1964:188.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:85.—Papenfuss, 1968:32.—Ardre, 1970:268.—Ben Alaya, 1970: 

208.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:750.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975: 

211.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:111. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Zebib, Gammarth , La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Monastir, Sousse, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 118, 119, 217-

219, 1259, 1261, 1267; 3: 273; 5: 233, 234; 11: 

227; 12: 228, 230, 232, 235-244; 13: 229; 15: 223-

226, 231; 17: 203, 204, 206, 216; 18: 200-202, 

207-214; 24: 205, 274, 275; 29: 215(US), 

220(NHA), 221-222(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found throughout the 

year on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville 

Zonaria linearis C. Agardh, 1820:134. 

Dictyota linearis (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:xliii.—Piccone, 

1879:25; 1884:118.—Muschler, 1910:301.—Petersen, 

1918:8.—Boergesen, 1926:85.—Schiffner, 1926:306.— 

Funk, 1927:363.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1961:505.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:226.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 

1957:169.—Edelstein, 1964:189.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:751.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:113. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur, 

Bizerte, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Korbous, Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse, Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, 

Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 249-251; 2: 

1191, 1192; 3: 262, 269; 7: 265; 14: 263, 264, 266-

268; 16: 261; 18: 253-259; 21: 260, 270-272(US); 

24: 246-247(NHA), 248(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from April to 

July and in September, October, and December 

on rocks or entangled amongst other algae in the 

sublittoral zone. 

Dilophus fasciola (Roth) Howe 

Fucus fasciola Roth, 1800:146. 

Dictyota fasciola (Roth) Lamouroux, 1809d:14.—Muschler, 

1910:301.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124. 

Dilophus fasciola (Roth) Howe, 1914:72.—Boergesen, 1926: 

82.—Funk, 1955:50.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1937:269; 

1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:351.—Dao, 1957:139.—Gayral, 

1958:224.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:85.—Papenfuss, 1968: 

33.—Ardre, 1970:269.—Ben Alaya, 1970:210.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:751.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:9.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table in.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:114. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Ras Sidi 

Ali El Mekki, Nabeul); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Israel, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 278-280; 7: 276, 

277; 15: 281 (US); 25: 292-293(NHA), 294-

295 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in June , July, 

September, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Dilophus spiralis (Montagne) Hamel 

Dictyota spiralis Montagne, 1846:29. 

Dilophus spiralis (Montagne) Hamel, 1939:352.—Ardre, 

1970:269.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:752.—Lipkin and 

Safriel, 1979:9.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212. 

Dictyota ligulata Kuetzing, 1847:53.—Feldmann, 1931b:216. 

Dilophus ligulatus Feldmann, 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940a:4. 
NUMBER 10 19 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Ra f Raf, 

Nabeul, Monastir, Djerba Island); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Greece, Israel, Algeria, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 285-288; 6: 289; 

15: 290; 18: 282-283(US), 284(NHA); 25: 

291 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common ; found from March to 

May and in July, September, October, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy 

Fucus pavonicus Linnaeus, 1753:1162. 

Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy in Taylor, 1960:234.—Papenfuss, 1968:34. 

Padinapavoma (Linnaeus) Gaillon, 1828:371.—Piccone, 1879: 

26; 1884:119.—Bornet, 1892:230.—Fremy, 1925:28.— 

Boergesen, 1926:86.—Schiffner, 1926:306.—Pottier, 1929: 

322.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1937:268; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:341.—Nasr, 1940b: 14.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949: 

272.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:169.—Gayral, 1958: 

230.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Edelstein, 1964:188.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:82.—Ardre, 1970:267.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:752.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975: 

212. 

Padina pavoma (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816:304.—Muschler, 

1910:302.—Funk, 1927:365.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

224.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bechateur, Tabarka , Ra f Raf, Ras Sidi Ali 

El Mekki, La Marsa, Korbous, Nabeul, Hammamet, Gammarth , Monastir, Djerba Island, 

Kerkenna Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, 

Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 462-464; 2: 446, 

461, 478; 3: 417-421; 5: 468; 6: 392, 393; 7: 391; 

/ / ; 406-408, 465, 466; 12: 467, 470, 471, 473-478; 

13: 388; 14: 401-405; 15: 395-400, 414-416; 16: 

394; 18: 435, 436, 438, 448, 449, 453-457; 25: 389, 

390, 469; 26: 429-431, 440-442, 447, 458, 459; 

27: 460; 28: 427, 428, 437, 439(US); 29: 450-

452(NHA), 472(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 

to October on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

*Spatoglossum schroederi (C. Agardh) 

Kuetzing 

Zonana schroederi C Agardh, 1824:265. 

Spatoglossum schroederi (C. Agardh) Kuetzing, 1859:21. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 504(US), 

505(NHA), 506(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J. Agardh 

W»a atomarw Woodward, 1797:53. 

Taonia atomaria (Woodward) J. Agardh, 1848:101.—Bornet, 

1892:229.—Muschler, 1910:302.—Boergesen, 1926:89.— 

Funk, 1927:364.—Feldmann, 1931b:217; 1937:268; 1961: 

505.—Hamel, 1939:337.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 

1958:232.—Riedl, 1963:51.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:82.— 

Ardre, 1970:266.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:753.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:213.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:118. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Ra f Raf, 

La Marsa, Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 536; 6: 537, 538; 

/ / : 527, 529-532; 12: 528, 539-544(US); 15: 533 -

534(NHA), 535(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to 

May and in July and September on rocks in the 

sublittoral zone. 

Zonaria tournefortii (Lamouroux) Montagne 

Fucus tournefortii Lamouroux, 1805:44. 

Zonana tournefortii (Lamouroux) Montagne, 1846:32.—Bornet, 1892:230.—Boergesen, 1926:92.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

217; 1961:505.—Hamel, 1939:338.—Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:224.—Gayral, 1958:225.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1970:219.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:753.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:118. 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Zonana flava (Clemente) C. Agardh, 1820:140.—Piccone, 

1879:26; 1884:119.—Muschler, 1910:302.—Funk, 1927: 

366. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, Mouth of 

Madjerda); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, 

Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya); 

Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 8: 550; 9: 551 (US); 

11: 546-547(NHA), 548-549(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in December. 

Dredged from 71 to 75 m. 

Order CHORDARIALES 

Family STILOPHORACEAE 

Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh 

Fucus rhizodes Turner, 1819:92. 

Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh, 1841:6.—Piccone, 

1879:25; 1884:118.—Papenfuss, 1968:38.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:746. 

Stilophora rhizodes (Ehrenberg) J. Agardh, 1841:6.—Fremy, 

1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926:310.—Feldmann, 1937:267; 

1961:505.—Nasr, 1940b: 10.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

215.—Riedl, 1963:53.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:125.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:120. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya, Egypt); Red 

Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 521-524(US), 

526(NHA); 29: 525(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March epiphytic on other algae. 

Family SPERMATOCHNACEAE 

Spermatochnus paradoxus (Roth) Kuetzing 

Conferva paradoxa Roth, 1800:172. 

Spermatochnus paradoxus (Roth) Kuetzing, 1845:268.—Funk, 

1955:37.—Feldmann, 1937:267; 1961:505.—Riedl, 1963: 

53.—Edelstein, 1964:185.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

746.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:125. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); 

Mediterranean (France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 507-512(US), 

513(NHA), 514(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Family CHORDARIACEA E 

Myrionema strangulans Greville 

Myrionema strangulans Greville, 1827, pl. 300.—Hamel, 1935 

88.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:213.—Feldmann, 1961 

504.—Ardre, 1970:249.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971 

744.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:120. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 946-947(US), 

948 (NHA), 1295 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May endophytic in 

Enteromorpha compressa. 

Order SCYTOSIPHONALE S 

Family PUNCTARIACEAE 

*Punctaria latifolia Greville 

Punctana latifolia Greville, 1830:52.—Funk, 1927:348.—Feldmann, 1937:267.—Riedl, 1963:54.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:100. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 480(US), 

489(NHA), 491 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from Januar y to 

July epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Family SCYTOSIPHONACEAE 

Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes 

and Solier 

Ulva sinuosa Mertens ex Roth, 1806:327. 

Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbes and Solier, 1856: 
NUMBER 10 21 

11.—Bornet, 1892:249.—Boergesen, 1926:70.—Funk, 

1927:352.—Feldmann, 1931b:213; 1937:267; 1961:505.— 

Nasr, 1940b: 12.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:216.— 

Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:213.—Edelstein, 1964: 

186.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:74.—Papenfuss, 1968:38.— 

Ardre, 1970:273.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:219.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:747.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

125.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:211.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:95. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Zebib, Tabarka , Bizerte, La Marsa, Bechateur, Sidi 

Bou Said, Nabeul, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, 

Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 37, 1229; 2: 33 -

36, 1264, 1290; 3: 41-43, 45; 4: 40; 5: 47; 12: 44, 

46, 48; 15: 49; 18: 38-39(US), 2027(NHA), 

2028 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from February to 

May and in July on rocks and occasionally epiphytic on various algae. 

Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Endlicher 

Chorda lomentaria Lyngbye, 1819:74. 

Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Endlicher, 1843:25.—Bornet, 

1892:249.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:291.—Boergesen, 

1926:67.—Feldmann, 1931b:213; 1937:267.—Hamel, 

1937:194.—Nasr, 1940b: 12.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

215.—Riedl, 1963:55.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:72.—Papenfuss, 1968:39.—Ardre, 1970:270.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:747.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:125.—Lipkin and 

Safriel, 1971:8.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:212.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:101. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Nabeul); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, 

Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 495-498; 5: 499, 

500; 15: 501(US), 502(NHA), 503(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from February 

to April and in July on rocks in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Order FuCALES 

Family CYSTOSEIRACEAE 

Cystoseira barbata (Goodenough and 

Woodward) J. Agardh 

Fucus barbatus Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:128. 

Cystoseira barbata (Goodenough and Woodward) J. Agardh, 

1842:50.—Schiffner, 1926:304.—Funk, 1927:371.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Hamel, 1939:392.—Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:228.—Riedl, 1963:55.—Ardre, 1970:317.— 

Ben Alaya, 1970:200.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:754.— 

Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 

1975:211. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 61; // : 63, 64; 

13: 52; 14: 56-60; 24: 2139-2141(US); 29: 

54(NHA), 55(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, May, 

June , July, and October on rocks in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff and 

Nizamuddin 

Fucus compressus Esper, 1799:152. 

Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff and Nizamuddin, 1975: 

342. 

Cystoseira fimbnata (Desfontaines) Bory, 1832:318.—Hamel, 

1939:418.—Dao, 1957:169.—Gayral, 1958:260.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:90.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:755.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975: 

211. 

Cystoseira abrotamfolia J. Agardh, 1842:52.—Piccone, 1879:27; 

1884:122.—Bornet, 1892:257.—Muschler, 1910:300.— 

Boergesen, 1926:104.—Funk, 1927:369.—Feldmann, 

I931b:221; 1937:269.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:230.— 

Riedl, 1963:57.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Lipkin 

and Safriel, 1971:15. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Tabarka , 

Bechateur, Bizerte, Gammarth , La Marsa, Na-
0 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

beul, Monastir, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, 

Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 92; 3: 102-104; 

4: 98; 5: 93-94; // ; 89, 91, 95, 105, 106; 12: 96, 

97; 13: 77; 15: 90; 20: 2062, 2065(US), 24: 99 -

100(NHA), 101 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from February to 

May and in July and November on rocks in the 

sublittoral zone. 

Cystoseira discors C. Agardh 

Cystoseira discors C. Agardh, 1828:62.—Muschler, 1910: 

300.—Boergesen, 1926:103.—Feldmann, 1931b:221; 

1937:269; 1961:506.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:230.— 

Riedl, 1963:57.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:91.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:755.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raf Raf, La Marsa, 

Sidi Bou Said, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 6: 71, 73-75; 12: 

72; 21: 65, 68-69(US), 70(NHA); 24: 76 

(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March, July, 

September, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau 

Cystoseira mediterranea Sauvageau, 1912:209.—Funk, 1927: 

370.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

228.—Gayral, 1958:264.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:756.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973: 

9. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, 

Greece, Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 108; 5: 107(US); 

12: 109(NHA), 100(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, 

July, and August on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

* Cystoseira myriophylloides Sauvageau 

Cystoseira myriophylloides Sauvageau, 1912:323.—Gayral, 

1958:258.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:91.—Giaccone et al., 

1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:211. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, La Marsa); 

northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: lll(US); 12: 

112(NHA), 1731 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from February 

to March on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

* Cystoseira sauvageauiana Hamel 

Cystoseira sauvageauiana Hamel, 1939:399. 

Cystoseira cnnila (Desfontaines) Bory, 1832:320.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:757.—Giaccone et al., 1973:112. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, Raf Raf, 

Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 119, 120; 6: 

121a-121b, 122, 123; 26: 113-116(US), 117 

(NHA), 118 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in May, September, and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Cystoseira schiffneri Hamel 

Cystoseira schiffnen Hamel, 1939:421.—Feldmann, 1951:107. 

Cystoseira acanthophora Schiffner, 1926:305. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island, El Bibane). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 19: 124; 20: 128-

132; 21: 153-156; 23: 127, 135, 138, 144; 125, 

137, 146-150; 26: 141, 142, 151-152; 29: 126, 

133-134 (US), 143(NHA), 145(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 

July and in October on rocks in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh 

Fucus sedoides Desfontaines, 1799:423. 

Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh, 1820:53.—Feldmann, 1931a:7; 1931b:219.—Hamel, 1939:394.—Giaccone et al., 1973:115. 
NUMBER 10 23 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Zebib, Bechateur, Bizerte, Monastir); Mediterranean (Sicily, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / ; 158; 2: 165, 166, 

168-170, 1257; 3: 167, 171-175; 5: 160-163(US); 

18: 157(NHA), 164(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in February, 

April, May, and Jun e on rocks in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Family SARGASSACEAE 

Sargassum linifolium (Turner) C. Agardh 

Fucus limfolius Turner, 1811:84. 

Sargassum linifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, 1820:18.—Bornet, 

1892:258.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 1927:367.—Feldmann, 1931b:218; 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940b: 15.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:232.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Riedl, 1963: 

59.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:124. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisi a (Djerba Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 24: 493(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May as drift material. 

Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh 

Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh, 1820:3.—Bornet, 1892:258.— 

Boergesen, 1926:106.—Feldmann, 1937:269; 1961:506.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:232.—Aleem, 1951:251.— 

Gayral, 1958:272.—Riedl, 1963:58.—Edelstein, 1964: 

190.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:92.—Ben Alaya, 1970:209.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:758.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

124.—Giaccone et al., 1973:111.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:128. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisi a (Djerba Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, 

Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 24: 494(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May as drift material. 

Division CHLOROPHYT A 

Class CHLOROPHYCEA E 

Order ULVALES 

Family MONOSTROMATACEA E 

*Blidingia marginata (J. Agardh) Dangeard 

Enteromorpha marginata J. Agardh, 1842:16. 

Blidingia marginata (J. Agardh) Dangeard, 1958:347.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:57.—Ardre, 1970:343.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:728. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 597-600(US), 

601-602(NHA), 603(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the high littoral zone. 

Family ULVACEAE 

* Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville 

Conferva clathrata Roth, 1806:175. 

Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville, 1830:181.—Boergesen, 

1925:10.—Ardre, 1970:345.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

728.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210. 

Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) J. Agardh, 1883:153.—Funk, 

1927:312.—Hamel, 1931a:67.—Feldmann, 1937:263.— 

Aleem, 195 1:25 1. —Rayss, 1955:10.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:54.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:121.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:130. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, 

Sidi Bou Said, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, 

Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 917; 13: 931, 

932; 15: 916, 1905; 18: 915, 930; 19: 921-927; 24: 

928-929(US); 29: 919(NHA), 2291 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from February to 

M ay and in September and December on rocks 

and epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea 

nodosa. 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link 

Ulva compressa Linnaeus, 1755:433. 

Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830:180.—Bornet, 1892:199.—Patouillard, 1897:18.—Muschler, 1910: 

295.—Boergesen, 1925:12.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 

1927:312.—Feldmann, 1931b:202; 1937:263.—Nasr, 

1940b:4.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.—Rayss, 1955: 

8.—Gayral, 1958:154.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:54.—Ben 

Alaya, 1970:207.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:121.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975: 

210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:130. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / ; 1225-1227; 2: 

1134; 10: 933-935, 1515-1517, 1525; 12: 1734, 

1735, 1742, 15: 938, 942, 1906; 16: 1935, 1936; 

17: 1965-1967; 18: 2013-2015, 2019-2021 (US); 

29: 2289(NHA), 2290(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March, August, and September on rocks and epiphytic on 

various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus, 1753:1163. 

Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link, 1820:5.—Bornet, 

1892:198.—Patouillard, 1897:17.—Muschler, 1910:294.— 

Petersen, 1918:5.—Boergesen, 1925:13.—Fremy, 1925 

28.—Feldmann, 1937:263.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945 

201.—Rayss, 1955:9.—Gayral, 1958:156.—Riedl, 1963 

38.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:56.—Ardre, 1970:347.—Ben 

Alaya, 1970:207.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:728.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:121.—Furnari and Scammacca, 

1973:6.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:131. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, Greece, 

Turkey, Israel, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1222-1224; 2: 

1136; 3: 1337-1339; 4: 1351; 5: 1335; 6: 1382; 7: 

1389; 10: 1523-1524; 12: 1743; 13: 1820; 16: 

1930-1933(US), 1934(NHA); 24: 194(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March and 

May and from July to September on rocks and 

occasionally epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Enteromorpha flexuosa ( Roth) 

J. Agardh 

Conferva flexuosa Roth, 1800:188. 

Enteromorpha flexuosa (Roth) J. Agardh, 1883:126.—Bornet, 

1892:197.—Feldmann, 1931b:202; 1937:263.—Rayss, 

1955:9.—Ardre, 1970:345.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

728. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Sidi Bou 

Said, Hammamet, Nabeul, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean 

(France, Greece, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 13: 943; 16: 936, 

937, 939, 944(US), 1942(NHA); 24: 945(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in March, July, 

and September epiphytic on various algae and 

Cymodocea nodosa. 

Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh 

Ulva linza Linnaeus, 1753:1133. 

Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, 1883:134.—Muschler, 1910:294.—Schiffner, 1926:310.—Funk, 1927: 

312.—Feldmann, 1937:263; 1961:504.—Nasr, 1940b:3.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.—Rayss, 1955:10.— 

Gayral, 1958:159.—Feldmann, 1931b:202; 1961:504.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:57.—Furnari and Scammacca, 

1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:729.—Giiven and 

Ostig, 1971:121.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:131. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisi a (Gammarth , La 

Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / ; 1228; 2: 1252-

1254; 11: 950-954; 12: 1736-1741; 13: 1818, 

1819; 15: 1897-1904; 18: 2022-2024(US), 

2025(NHA), 2026(INSTOP). 
NUMBER 10 25 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in May, June , 

and September on rocks and occasionally epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

* Enteromorpha prolifera (Mueller) J. Agardh 

Ulva prolifera Mueller, 1778, pl. 763. 

Enteromorpha prolifera (Mueller) J. Agardh, 1883:129.—Schiffner, 1926:310.—Rayss, 1955:9.—Seoane-Camba, 1965: 

58.—Ardre, 1970:344.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:729.— 

Guven and Ostig, 1971:121. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean 

(Greece, Turkey, Israel); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM / : 920(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks. 

* Enteromorpha ramulosa (J. E. Smith) 

Carmichael in Hooker 

Ulva ramulosa]. E. Smith, 1810, pl. 2137. 

Enteromorpha ramulosa (J. E. Smith) Carmichael in Hooker, 

1833:315.—Bornet, 1892:200.—Boergesen, 1925:11.— 

Feldmann, 1937:263.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:58.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:729.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:121.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:131. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, 

Greece, Turkey); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 18: 955(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks. 

Ulva lactuca Linnaeus 

Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753:1163.—Boergesen, 1925:14.— 

Fremy, 1925:28.—Funk, 1927:311.—Feldmann, 1937: 

263; 1961:504.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:199.—Nasr 

and Aleem, 1949:276.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955: 

11.—Gayral, 1958:145. —Riedl, 1963:38.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:53.—Ardre, 1970:333.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:730.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Tabarka , 

Bechateur, Ra f Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, La 

Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Hammamet, 

Monastir, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1124, 1125; 3: 

1135; 6: 1141; 7: 1143; 12: 1147; 13: 1131; 15: 

1137; 16: 1136; 17: 1123(US), 1130(NHA); 18: 

1126(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found year round on 

rocks and epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

* Ulva rigida C. Agardh 

Ulva ngida C. Agardh, 1822:410.—Bornet, 1892:193.—Feldmann, 1937:263.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:11.— 

Funk, 1955:9.—Gayral, 1958:148.—Ardre, 1970:335.— 

Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:730.—Giaccone et al., 1973:110.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudourseque and Perret, 1977:132. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisi a (Gammarth , La 

Marsa, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; 

Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 5: 1134; // : 1162-

1166; 12: 1145, 1158-1160; 16: 1161(US), 

1167(NHA), 1168(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to 

May and in September epiphytic on Cymodocea 

nodosa. 

Order CLADOPHORALES 

Family CLADOPHORACEAE 

Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kuetzing 

Conferva aerea Dillwyn, 1807:80. 

Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillwyn) Kuetzing, 1849:379.—Boergesen, 1925:43.—Pottier, 1929:344.—Hamel, 1931c:28.— 

Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264; 1961:504.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:206.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.— 

Funk, 1955:9.—Rayss, 1955:15.—Riedl, 1963:39.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:59.—Ardre, 1970:206.—Ben Alaya, 

1970:207.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:135. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, 

El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 715; 4: 714(US); 

29: 716(NHA), 2259(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and 

May on rocks. 

* Cladophora albida (Hudson) Kuetzing 

Confena albida Hudson, 1762:505. 

Cladophora albida (Hudson) Kuetzing, 1843:267.—Feldmann, 

1937:264.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:204.—Funk, 1955: 

13.—Ardre, 1970:356.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:731.— 

Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:137. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Libya); 

Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM // : 717-719(US), 

720(NHA), 721 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May epiphytic on 

Cymodocea nodosa. 

* Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kuetzing 

Conferva crystallina Roth, 1797:196. 

Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kuetzing, 1843:213.—Boergesen, 

1925:67.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:204.—Rayss, 1955:19.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

121.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:137. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Djerba Island, El 

Bibane); northeasern Atlantic (Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Turkey, 

Israel); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 725, 728, 729, 

732-733; 12: 723, 724, 727, 731, 735, 736; 24: 

730, 734, 739; 29: 726(US), 737-738(NHA), 

810(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 

Jun e and in August and October entangled with 

other algae or epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Cladophora dalmatica Kuetzing 

Cladophora dalmatica Kuetzing, 1843:268.—Hamel, 1931c: 

49.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

731.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:138. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Greece, Algeria); Red 

Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EG M / : 740(US), 

741 (NHA), 742(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

various algae. 

* Cladophora lutescens Kuetzing 

Cladophora lutescens Kuetzing, 1854:21.—Bornet, 1892:208. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); Mediterranean (France). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 743(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in Jun e epiphytic on 

Cymodocea nodosa. 

Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kuetzing 

Conferva prolifera Roth, 1797:182. 

Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kuetzing, 1845:207.—Bornet, 

1892:207. —Boergesen, 1925:61 . — Fremy, 1925:28.— 

Funk, 1927:316.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264; 1961 

504.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:202.—Rayss, 1955 

17.—Dao, 1957:166.—Gayral, 1958:168.—Riedl, 1963 

39.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:59.—Ardre, 1970:357.—Ben 

Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:733.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:121.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:6.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:141. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, 

Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Raouad, Gammarth , La 

Marsa, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 745, 764; 2: 744, 

746, 747; 7: 759; 10: 762, 763; // : 772, 779, 780; 

12: 748-752, 757, 758, 765, 770, 771; 13: 766-

769, 773-778; 15: 756(US), 761 (NHA); 18: 

753(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 
NUMBER 10 27 

May, from July to October, and in December 

epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

* Cladophora ramosissima (Draparnaud ex 

Kuetzing) Kuetzing 

Conferva ramosissima Draparnaud ex Kuetzing, 1845:209. 

Cladophora ramosissima (Draparnaud ex Kuetzing) Kuetzing, 

1849:396.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264.—Nasr, 

1940b:5.—Rayss, 1955:18.—Gayral, 1958:166. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Gammarth, 

Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); 

Mediterranean (France, Algeria, Egypt); Red 

Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 781; 11: 

783(US); 13: 782(NHA), 784(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March, May, 

and October epiphytic on various algae. 

Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kuetzing 

Conferva rupestris Linnaeus, 1753:721. 

Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kuetzing, 1843:270.—Ardre, 

1970:355.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:734.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis 

and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977: 

142. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Ras Sidi Ali El 

Mekki, Gammarth , La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Corsica, Sicily, 

Greece, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 722, 11: 

787(US); 12: 760(NHA), 785(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, 

May, and September epiphytic on various algae. 

Cladophora utriculosa Kuetzing 

Cladophora utriculosa Kuetzing, 1843:269.—Bornet, 1892: 

208.—Boergesen, 1925:65.—Schiffner, 1926:311.—Funk, 

1927:316.—Feldmann, 1931b:204; 1937:264.—Nasr, 

1940b:4.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:203.—Rayss, 1955: 

18.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:60.—Ben Alaya, 1970:206.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:732.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

121. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka , 

Sidi Bou Said, Gammarth , La Marsa, Nabeul, 

Hammamet, Monastir, Sousse, Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic 

(Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Israel, 

Algeria, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 793-795; 2: 805 

/ / : 823, 830-833; 12: 807-809, 814-822, 839, 840 

13: 826-829; 15: 834-838; 16: 811-813, 824, 825 

17: 796; 18: 797-799; 19: 800, 801; 24: 806(US) 

29: 802-803(NHA), 804(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from Januar y to 

August and from October to December epiphytic 

on various algae. 

Family ANADYOMENACEA E 

Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh 

Ulva stellala Wulfen in Jacquin, 1786:351. 

Anadyomene stellata (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1822:400.—Muschler, 1910:295— DeToni and Forti, 1913:17; 1914:293.— 

Boergesen, 1925:25.—Funk, 1927:320.—Hamel, 1931c: 

18—Nasr, 1940a:2.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:202.-

Nasr and Aleem, 1949:256.—Rayss, 1955:13.—Dao, 1957: 

167.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:180.—Riedl, 1963:39.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:737.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

122.—Giaccone et al., 1973; table iv.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:135. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Korbous, Kerkenna 

Island, Djerba Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 14: 587, 588; 19: 

568-574; 20: 590-594; 21: 581-584, 586; 24: 589; 

25: 585, 595; 26: 575; 28: 596, 29: 576-577(US), 

578-579(NHA), 580(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, April, 

July, and October on rocks. 

Order SIPHONOCLADALES 

Family VALONIACEAE 

* Valonia macrophysa Kuetzing 

Valonia macrophysa Kuetzing, 1843:307.—Boergesen, 1925: 

22.—Funk, 1927:320.—Feldmann, 1937:264.—Aleem, 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

1951:251.—Dao, 1957:166.—Furnari and Scammacca, 

1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:738.—Giaccone et 

al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:144. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Korbous, El 

Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 1175, 1176; 

14: 1174; 29: 1169-1171 (US), 1172(NHA), 

1173 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March, 

April, and October in rock crevices in the sublittoral zone. 

Valonia utricularis C. Agardh 

Valonia utnculans C. Agardh, 1822:431.—Piccone, 1884:112; 

1879:22.—Boergesen, 1925:22.—Funk, 1927:321.—Feldmann, 1931b:203; 1937:264; 1961:504.—Hamel, 1931c: 

14.-Nasr, 1940b:6.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:201.— 

Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Rayss, 1955:12.—Dao, 1957: 

167.—Gayral, 1958:170.—Riedl, 1963:39.—Edelstein, 

1964:180.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:58.—Ardre, 1970: 

349— Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:738.—Guven and Ostig, 

1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:143. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, La Marsa, 

Nabeul, Sidi Bou Said, Kerkenna Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1186; 12: 1183, 

1185; 13: 1187; 15: 1184; 19: 1181-1182(US); 20: 

1177-1178(NHA), 1179-1180 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, July, 

September, and December on rocks. 

Family SIPHONOCLADACEAE 

Cladophoropsis modonensis (Kuetzing) 

Boergesen 

Cladophora modonensis Kuetzing, 1849:486. 

Cladophoropsis modonensis (Kuetzing) Boergesen, 1905:288.— 

Hamel, 1931c: 15.—Rayss, 1955:14.—Dao, 1957:167.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:737.—Giaccone et al., 1973, 

table in.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:142. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern 

Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Israel). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 841-843, 853, 

854; 24: 846, 849, 851; 28: 844, 845; 29: 847-

848(US), 850(NHA), 852(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from April to 

July and in October on rocks in the sublittoral 

Order BRYOPSIDALES 

Family BRYOPSIDACEAE 

*Derbesia lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Solier 

Bryopsis balbisiana var. lamourouxii J. Agardh, 1842:18. 

Derbesia lamourouxii (J. Agardh) Solier, 1847:162.—Bornet, 

1892:212.—Funk, 1927:333.—Feldmann, 1937:265.— 

Rayss, 1955:41.—Gayral, 1958:172.—Riedl, 1963:41.— 

Ardre, 1970:359.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:742.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:6. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); 

Mediterranean (France, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel); Red Sea. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM // : 913(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Bryopsis balbisiana Lamouroux 

Bryopsis balbisiana Lamouroux, 1813:66.—Piccone, 1879:22; 

1884:112.—Bornet, 1892:213.—Boergesen, 1925:98.— 

Feldmann, 1937:265; 1961:504.—Rayss, 1955:26.— 

Gayral, 1958:177.—Riedl, 1963:41.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:62.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1973:6.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977: 

146. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa, Sidi Bou 

Said, Hammamet, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic 
NUMBER 10 29 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, 

Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 607, 608; 13: 

610; 16: 604, 606(US); 17: 605(NHA), 609 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in April, July, 

and September on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

* Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux 

Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux, 1809c: 135.—Feldmann, 1937: 

265.—Ardre, 1970:363.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

740.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, 

table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Sicily, Greece, Turkey); Red 

Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 612(US), 

2102 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Bryopsis muscosa Lamouroux 

Bryopsis muscosa Lamouroux, 1809c:23.—Funk, 1927:328.— 

Feldmann, 1937:265.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:207.— 

Rayss, 1955:26.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.— 

Ben Alaya, 1970:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:740.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table in.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 

1975:209. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern 

Atlantic (Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 17: 613-614(US), 

615(NHA),616(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh 

Ulva plumosa Hudson, 1778:571. 

Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh, 1822:488.—Bornet, 

1892:213.—Boergesen, 1925:97.—Hamel, 1931b:287.— 

Feldmann, 1937:265.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:207.— 

Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 1955:26.—Gayral, 1958:180.— 

Riedl, 1963:41.—Ardre, 1970:362.—Ben Alaya, 1970: 

206.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:740.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:147. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1608; 13:617-

621 (US); 28: 2235(NHA), 2236(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February and 

September on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

* Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold 

in Oltmanns 

Bryopsis myura J. Agardh, 1842:20. 

Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold in Oltmanns, 1904: 

303.—Boergesen, 1925:103.—Funk, 1927:332.—Hamel, 

193 lb: 396.—Feldmann, 1937:265.—Rayss, 1955:27. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Italy, Israel). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 1051,1052; 29: 

1053(US), 1054(NHA), 1055 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and 

May on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Family CAULERPACEAE 

Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux 

Fucus prolifer Forsskal, 1775:193. 

Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux, 1809b: 142.—Muschler, 1910:296.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:18; 1914:293.— 

Boergesen, 1925:112.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926: 

311. —Funk, 1927:335.—Pottier, 1929:325.—Hamel, 

1931b:420.—Nasr, 1940b:9.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

208.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:271.—Aleem, 1951:251. 

Feldmann, 1951:106.—Rayss, 1955:22.—Dao, 1957: 

168.—Edelstein, 1964:182.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:66.— 

Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ardre, 1970:374. 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:739.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

122.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:150. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Mouth of Madjerda, 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, 

Nabeul, Hammamet, Gabes, Kerkenna Island, 

Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 9: 622, 651; 11: 

697-700, 713; 12: 643-647, 712; 13: 623, 642; 14: 

675-679; 15: 657-659; 16: 661, 662; 19: 689; 20: 

663-667, 686-688, 693, 694, 696, 701; 21: 652-

656; 22: 668-674; 23: 706; 24: 648-650, 680-684, 

702, 703, 708-710; 25: 660; 26: 690-692, 704-

705; 28: 707, 711 (US); 29: 695 (NHA), 

696(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 

October on rocks, sometimes epiphytic on rhizomes of Posidoma oceamca. 

Family CODIACEAE 

Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh 

Alcyomum bursa Linnaeus, 1759:1295. 

Codium bursa (Linnaeus) C. Agardh, 1822:457.—Piccone, 

1879:23; 1884:114.—Bornet, 1892:215.—DeToni and 

Forti, 1913:19.—Petersen, 1918:6.—Fremy, 1925:18.— 

Funk, 1927:324.—Feldmann, 1931b:207; 1937:265.—Hamel, 1931b:413.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:210.— 

Aleem, 1951:251.—Riedl, 1963:43.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:64.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben 

Alaya, 1970:207.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:741.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:148. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisi a (Bizerte, Gabes); 

northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Spain); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 855-858(US), 

859(NHA); 22: 860(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from May to 

Jun e as drift material. 

* Codium decorticatum (Woodward) Howe 

Ulva decorlicata Woodward, 1797:55. 

Codium decorticatum (Woodward) Howe, 1911:494.—Ardre, 

1970:370.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Hammamet, Sousse); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean 

(Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.— EGM 16: 967-971 (US); 

17: 861-864(NHA), 965-966 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in March and 

April on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Family UDOTEACEA E 

Espera mediterranea Decaisne 

Espera mediterranea Decaisne, 1842:99.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:739. 

Penicillus mediterraneus (Decaisne) Thuret in Bornet, 1892: 

217.—Hamel, 1931b:403. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Korbous, El Bibane); 

Mediterranean (Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 14: 1046-1050; 29 

1042-1043 (US), 1044 (NHA), 1045 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and 

October on rocks in sandy bottom of the sublittoral zone. 

Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) 

Lamouroux 

Corallina Luna Ellis and Solander, 1786: 111. 

Halimeda tuna (Ellis and Solander) Lamouroux, 1812:186.— 

Muschler, 1910:296.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:19; 1914: 

293.—Funk, 1927:327.—Pottier, 1929:325.—Feldmann, 

1937:265.—Nasr, 1940b:8.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

209.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:251.— 

Rayss, 1955:29.—Dao, 1957:168.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 

1964:184.—Riedl, 1963:43.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

741.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:150. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Zebib, Tabarka , Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Raouad, 

Gammarth , La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, 

Hammamet, Monastir, Gabes, Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island, El Bibane, Zarzis); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red 

Sea; Indian Ocean. 
NUMBER 10 31 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / ; 983, 984, 1026; 

2: 956-960, 975, 985-988, 1263; 5: 998; 7: 1028; 

10: 1027; // : 1013-1016; 12: 992-997, 1001; 13: 

1029-1032; 15: 1007, 1024, 1025; 16: 1006, 1023; 

18: 980-982; 20: 1008-1012; 21: 1033-1037; 22: 

1017-1022; 24: 965-967, 972, 976-979; 25: 999, 

1038-1041; 26: 971, 973; 27: 970, 974; 28: 964, 

968, 969, 989, 1002-1005; 29: 961-963(US), 990-

991 (NHA), 1000 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March and 

October on sandy substrate in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Udotea petiolata (Turra) Boergesen 

Ulva petiolata Turra, 1780:68. 

Udotea petiolata (Turra) Boergesen, 1925:86.—DeToni and 

Forti, 1914:293.—Funk, 1955:25.—Hamel, 1931b:404.— 

Feldmann, 1937:265; 1961:504.—Nasr, 1940a:3.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:208.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Rayss, 

1955:28.—Dao, 1957:168.—Edelstein, 1964:183.—Riedl, 

1963:41.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:217.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:739.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973:110.— 

Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:153. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Tabarka , Bechateur, Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali 

El Mekki, He Plane, Mouth of Madjerda, 

Raouad, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, 

Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Gabes, Kerkenna 

Island, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic 

(Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1063-1066, 

1082; 2: 1059, 1067-1074; 3: 1088; 5: 1076, 1078 

6: 1079, 112; 7: 1116; 8: 1099-1107; 9: 1108-1110 

10: 1113-1115; // : 1091; 12: 1075, 1077, 1080 

1081; 13: 1083, 1084, 1120-1122; 14: 1094-1098 

15: 1089, 1111; 16: 1092, 1093; 18: 1056-1058 

21: 1085-1087, 1123; 22: 1090; 24: 1060, 

1061 (US); 25: 1117-1119(NHA); 27: 1062(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 

to May and in July, September, October, and 

December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Order DASYCLADALES 

Family DASYCLADACEA E 

Acetabularia acetabulum (Linnaeus) Silva 

Madrepora acetabulum Linnaeus, 1758:793. 

Acetabularia acetabulum (Linnaeus) Silva, 1952:255.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:742.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977: 

133. 

Acetabularia mediterranea Lamouroux, 1816:249.—Boergesen, 

1925:77.—Fremy, 1925:28.—Schiffner, 1926:311.—Funk, 

1927:322.—Feldmann, 1931b:205; 1937:264.—Hamel, 

193 lc:38.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:206.—Rayss, 

1955:21.—Dao, 1957:168. —Riedl, 1963:41.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1970:218.—Ben Alaya, 1970:208.—Giiven 

and Ostig, 1971:122.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.— 

Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:209. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur, 

Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); 

northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria); Red 

Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 563; 19: 552-

554, 557, 558; 20: 555, 556, 559-560, 565; 21: 

564; 23: 562; 24: 566(US); 29: 561 (NHA), 

567 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March, April, 

June , and July on rocks, occasionally epiphytic 

on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Dasycladus clavaeformis (Roth) C. Agardh 

Conferva clavaeformis Roth, 1806:315. 

Dasycladus clavaeformis (Roth) C. Agardh, 1828:16.—DeToni, 

1895:455.—Boergesen, 1925:75.—Schiffner, 1926:311.— 

Funk, 1927:322.—Hamel, 193 lc:36.—Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:206.—Rayss, 1955:20.—Riedl, 1963:39.— 

Edelstein, 1964:181.—Ben Alaya, 1970:207.—Giiven and 

Ostig, 1971:122. 

Dasycladus vermiculans (Scopoli) Krasser in Beck and 

Zahlbruckner, 1898:459.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957: 

168.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:741.—Giaccone et al., 

1973:112.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:210.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:134. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka , 

Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, Gammarth , Sidi 

Bou Said, Nabeul, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Is-
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

land, Zarzis, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic 

(Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Libya, 

Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 876, 878; 2: 

872-874, 880, 887, 6: 906, 907; 7: 908; // : 910, 

911; 13: 891, 912; 14: 900-904; 15: 905, 909; 18: 

879; 19: 875; 23: 889; 24: 881, 886, 890; 25: 895 -

899; 26: 888; 28: 885(US), 892-894(NHA); 29: 

882-884(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 

July and from September to October on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Division RHODOPHYT A 

Class RHODOPHYCEA E 

Order BANGIALES 

Family ERYTHROPELTIDACEAE 

Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J. Agardh 

Conferva carnea Dillwyn, 1807, pl. 84. 

Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J. Agardh, 1883:15.—Boergesen, 1927:5.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940b: 17.— 

Aleem, 1951:251.—Papenfuss, 1968:68.—Ardre, 1970: 

46.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:759.—Giaccone et al., 

1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:12. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, La Marsa, 

Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (France, Sicily, Greece, 

Italy, Egypt, Corsica); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1628-1629 

(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Family BANGIACEAE 

Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye 

Conferva fuscopurpurea Dillwyn, 1807:54. 

Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, 1819:83.—Funk, 

1927:373.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Gayral, 1958:280.— 

Riedl, 1963:64.—Ardre, 1970:49.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:214.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:11. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, Raouad, 

Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); 

Mediterranean (France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Algeria); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 1349; 10: 1518-

1522, 1526(US); 16: 1937-1939(NHA), 1940-

1941 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in March and 

May as tufted mats on rocks in the upper littoral 

zone. 

Porphyra leucosticta Thuret in Le Jolis 

Porphyra leucosticta Thuret in Le Jolis, 1863:100.—Bornet, 

1892:262.—Boergesen, 1927:5.—Funk, 1927:374.—Feldmann, 1937:269.—Nasr, 1940a:5.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:232.—Riedl, 1963:64.—Ardre, 1970:53.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:760.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:125.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:12. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Adriatic 

Sea, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 16: 1915-1918 

(US), 1919(NHA), 1920 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from March to 

April on spray-covered rocks in the littoral fringe. 

Order GONIOTRICHALES 

Family GONIOTRICHACEAE 

Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe 

Bangia alsidii Zanardini, 1839:136. 

Goniotrichum alsidii (Zanardini) Howe, 1914:75.—Feldmann, 

1937:269; 1961:506.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Edelstein, 1964: 

190.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:759. 

Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Le Jolis, 1863:103.—Boergesen, 1927:10.—Ardre, 1970:44. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 
NUMBER 10 33 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 17: 154 la (US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on various algae. 

Order ACROCHAETIALES 

Family ACROCHAETIACEAE 

Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey in Hooker) 

J. Agardh 

Callithammon virgatulum Harvey in Hooker, 1833:349. 

Acrochaetium virgatulum (Harvey in Hooker) J. Agardh, 1892: 

48.—Hamel, 1927:45.—Feldmann, 1937:270.—Aleem, 

1951:251.—Ardre, 1970:56.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

760.—Boudouresque and Perrett, 1977:15. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Corsica, France, Greece, Egypt). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1752(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

Cymodocea nodosa. 

* Acrochaetium codiculum Boergesen 

Acrochaetium codiculum Boergesen, 1927:33. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern 

Atlantic (Canary Islands). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 17: 1541b(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Acrochaetium savianum (Meneghini) Naegeli 

Callithammon savianum Meneghini, 1840: [3]. 

Acrochaetium savianum (Meneghini) Naegeli, 1861:171.—Feldmann, 1937:270.—Ardre, 1970:55. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean 

(France, Libya). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 2133(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found April epiphytic 

on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Order NEMALIALES 

Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE 

Liagora distenta (Mertens in Roth) C. Agardh 

Fucus distenlus Mertens in Roth, 1806:103. 

Liagora dislenla (Mertens in Roth) C. Agardh, 1822:394.— 

Fremy, 1925:28.—Boergesen, 1927:62.—Feldmann, 

1931b:227; 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:234.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:94.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

761.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:16. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, 

Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1316-1321; 18: 

1971 (US), 1972(NHA), 2012(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April, June , 

and July on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Liagora viscida (Forsskal) C. Agardh 

Fucus viscidus Forsskal, 1775:193. 

Liagora viscida (Forsskal) C. Agardh, 1822:395.—Muschler, 

1910:303.—Funk, 1927:378.—Feldmann, 1931b:226; 

1937:270; 1961:506.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:233.— 

Riedl, 1963:65.—Ardre, 1970:62.—Ben Alaya, 1970: 

212.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:761.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:16. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1211; 3: 1310-

1313(US), 1314(NHA), 1315(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in Jun e and 

July on rocks in the sublitoral zone. 

Order CHAETANGIALE S 

Family CHAETANGIACEA E 

*Scinaia forcellata (Turner) Bivona 

Ulva force llata Turner, 1801:300. 

Scinaia forcellata (Turner) Bivona, 1822:[3].—Bornet, 1892: 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

265.—Boergesen, 1927:63.—Funk, 1927:378.—Feldmann, 

1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:234.—Aleem, 

1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:296.—Seoane-Camba, 1965: 

94.—Ardre, 1970:63.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970: 

220.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:128.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:17. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sousse); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Sicily, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt); Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 17: 1943-1946 

(US), 194 7 (NHA), 1948 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Order BONNEMAISONIALES 

Family BONNEMAISONIACEA E 

Asparagopsis armata Harvey 

Asparagopsis armata Harvey, 1855:544.—Hamel, 1926:420.— 

Feldmann, 1931b:227; 1937:270.—Funk, 1955:68.— 

Gayral, 1958:284.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:96.—Papenfuss, 

1968:73.—Ardre, 1970:142.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); 

Mediterranean (France, Italy, Sicily, Turkey, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1545(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

* Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Woodward) C. 

Agardh 

Fucus asparagoides Woodward, 1794:239. 

Bonnemaisonia asparagoides (Woodward) C. Agardh, 1822: 

197.—Funk, 1927:411.—Feldmann, 1931b:227; 1937: 

270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:234—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:96.—Ardre, 1970:142. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Monastir); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 2016(US), 

2017(NHA), 2018(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

* "Falkenbergia rufolanosa" (Harvey) Schmitz 

in Engler and Prantl 

(tetrasporophyte stage of Asparagopsis armata) 

Polysiphonia rufolanosa Harvey, 1855:540. 

Falkenbergia rufolanosa (Harvey) Schmitz in Engler and Prantl, 

1897:479.—Gayral, 1958:288.—Seoane-Camba, 1965: 

97.—Ardre, 1970:142.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970: 

224.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:94. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Corsica, Turkey, Sicily). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1757(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in October on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 

"Trailliella intricata" Batters 

(tetrasporophyte stage of Bonnemaisonia hamifera) 

Trailliella inlncala Batters, 1896:10.—Petersen, 1918:13.— 

Boergesen, 1930:9.—Feldmann, 1931a: 17. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1546(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

Cystoseira. 

Order GELIDIALES 

Family GELIDIACEAE 

* Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet and 

Thuret 

Gelidium corneum var. latifolium Greville, 1830:143. 

Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet and Thuret, 1876:58.— 

Bornet, 1892:270.—Funk, 1927:70.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

228; 1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:236.—Aleem, 

1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:306.—Edelstein, 1964:191.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:98.—Ardre, 1970:65.—Gerloff and 
NUMBER 10 35 

Geissler, 1971:762.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:19. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal Spain, Morocco); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, 

Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1197-1198(US), 

1199(NHA), 1200(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

* Gelidium pectinatum Montagne 

Gelidium pectinatum Montagne, 1846:108.—Bornet, 1892: 

271.—Boergesen, 1927:89.—Funk, 1927:381.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:236.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:191.— 

Ardre, 1970:66.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Sicily, Spain, Italy). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1194, 1195; 3: 

1297; 5: 1357(US); 12: 1615(NHA), 1616(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, 

April, July, and August on rocks in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis 

Fucus pusillus Stackhouse, 1801:17. 

Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis, 1863:139.—Bornet, 

1892:268.—Boergesen, 1927:83.—Feldmann, 1931b:228; 

1937:270.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:235.—Nasr and 

Aleem, 1949:278.—Gayral, 1958:308.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:100.—Ardre, 1970:72.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

762.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:19. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth, Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Sicily, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); 

Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 7: 1384: // : 1528-

1530, 1536; 12: 1623-1627; 13: 1756; 14: 1826-

1830; 15: 1869; 1870; 16: 1908-1914(US); 17: 

1949-1950(NHA), 2298(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to 

May and in September, October, and December 

on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet and 

Thuret 

Fucus capillaceus Gmelin, 1768:146. 

Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet and Thuret, 1876:57.— 

Bornet, 1892:272.—Boergesen, 1927:93.—Funk, 1955: 

71.—Feldmann, 1931b:229; 1937:271; 1961:506.—Nasr, 

1940b:20.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:236.—Aleem, 

1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:312.—Riedl, 1963:65.—Ardre, 

1970:73.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:221.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:762.— Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127.— 

Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:10. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Sicily, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 2299; 5: 1360: 

12: 1649-1651 (US); 17: 1953-1955 (NHA), 1956-

1957(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in February and 

April and from Jun e to September on rocks in the 

sublittoral zone. 

Order CRYPTONEMIALE S 

Family PEYSSONNELIACEA E 

Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh 

Zonana rubra Greville, 1826:340. 

Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh, 1851:502.—Piccone, 

1879:29; 1884:129.—Bornet, 1892:347.—Muschler, 1910: 

311.—Petersen, 1918:12.—Boergesen, 1929:13.—Feldmann, 1931b:240; 1937:271; 1961:506.—Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:241.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Edelstein, 1962: 

213; 1964:193.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:763.—Giiven 

and Ostig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:56. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Ze-
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

bib, He Plane, Korbous, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, 

Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1204; 2: 1226-

1234, 1248, 1249, 1268, 1269; 5: 1368; 8: 1390, 

1391, 1397-1401 (US); 14: 1849-1850(NHA), 

1851 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in January, February, April, May, July, August, October, and 

December growing as a fleshy crust on rocks. 

Peyssonnelia squamaria (Gmelin) Decaisne 

Fucus squamarius Gmelin, 1768:171. 

Peyssonnelia squamaria (Gmelin) Decaisne, 1839:168.—Bornet, 

1892:347.—Muschler, 1910:311.—DeToni and Forti, 

1913:6; 1914:290.—Feldmann, 1931b:240; 1937:271.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:241.—Aleem, 1951:251.— 

Dao, 1957:170.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:193.—Riedl, 

1963:67.—Ardre, 1970:76.—Ben Alaya, 1970:210.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:763.—Guven and Ostig, 1971: 

127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:57. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Tabarka , Bechateur, Raouad, mouth of 

Madjerda, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, 

Korbous, Nabeul, Monastir, Gabes); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); 

Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1205; 2: 1222, 

1223; 3: 1307; 5: 1365; 9: 1468-1476; 10: 1493-

1495; // : 1553, 1567-1570; 12: 1682-1684, 1686-

1688; 13: 1785-1788; 14: 1847, 1848; 15: 1886, 

1887; 18: 1978(US), 1996(NHA); 22: 2131(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 

to December usually on rocks but sometimes 

epiphytic on some algae; some specimens dredged 

from 4 to 45 m. 

Family CORALLINACEA E 

*Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux 

Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux, 1816:299.—Nasr, 1940b: 

21.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:249.—Aleem, 1951:251. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); Mediterranean (Egypt). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1173(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in October on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 

Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux 

Amphiroa ngida Lamouroux, 1816:297.—Muschler, 1910: 

312.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:290.—Funk, 1927:436.— 

Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272; 1961:507.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945;249.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Hamel and 

Lemoine, 1953:40.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:195.— 

Riedl, 1963:70.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:118.—Ardre, 

1970:92.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:764.—Giiven and 

Ostig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:36. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); 

Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1255, 1262(US); 

3: 1340 (NHA), 1341 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from April to 

Jun e on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Corallina elongata Ellis and Solander 

Corallina elongata Ellis and Solander, 1786:121.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:37. 

Corallina mediterranea Areschoug in J. Agardh, 1852:568.— 

Bornet, 1892:350.—Funk, 1927:438.—Boergesen, 1929: 

68.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272, 1961:507.—Nasr, 

1940b:22.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:247.—Nasr and 

Aleem, 1949:278.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958: 

320.—Riedl, 1963:70.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:110.— 

Ardre, 1970:94.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:221.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:764.—Guven and Ostig, 1971: 

127.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:10. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Gammarth , 

Hammamet, Sousse), northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Egypt, Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1197; 13: 1754; 
NUMBER 10 37 

16: 1907, 1921-1923(US), 1924(NHA); 17: 

1963 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in January, 

March, April, June , July, and October on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 342; 5: 1355 

(US), 1356(NHA); 12: 1607(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in May and 

Jun e and from August to September on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Corallina granifera Ellis and Solander 

Corallinagramfera Ellis and Solander, 1786:120.—Funk, 1927: 

438.—Boergesen, 1929:69.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937: 

272.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:248.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:110.—Ardre, 1970:96.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

764.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127.—Lipkin and Safriel, 

1971:9.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:39. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Bechateur, 

Bizerte, Raouad, Gammarth , La Marsa, Sidi Bou 

Said, Nabeul, Aghir, El Bibane); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, 

Israel, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1194-1196; 3: 

1300-1304; 4: 1343; 10: 1479-1481, 1489; 11: 

1552, 1554; 12; 1652; 13: 1753, 1771, 1772; 15: 

1877-1880; 24: 2175(US), 2176-2177(NHA); 29: 

2261 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 

July and in September, October, and December 

on rocks and epiphytic on various algae in the 

sublittoral zone. 

Corallina officinalis Linnaeus 

Corallina officinalis Linnaeus, 1758:805.—Bornet, 1892:350.— 

Muschler, 1910:312.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:247.—Aleem, 1951:251.— 

Gayral, 1958:317.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:110.—Ardre, 

1970:92.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:764.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:127.—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:10.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:39. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bizerte, La Marsa); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

Dermatolithon pustulatum (Lamouroux) Foslie 

Melobesia pustulata Lamouroux, 1816:315. 

Dermatolithon pustulatum (Lamouroux) Foslie, 1899: 11.—Muschler, 1910:312.—Feldmann, 1937 :272.—Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:245.—Funk, 1955:98.—Gayral, 1958: 

340.—Seoane-Camba, 1965: 114.—Ardre, 1970:89.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 765.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:41. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Zarzis, La Marsa); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Greece, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EG M 12: 1176-1177 

(US). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in October as a 

crust on rocks and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe 

Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux, 1816:315.—DeToni and Forti, 

1913:6; 1914:290.—Schiffner, 1926:304.—Funk, 1955: 

97.—Boergesen, 1929:65—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937: 

272; 1961:507.—Nasr, 1940b:22.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:246.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Edelstein, 1962: 

214; 1964:195.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:116.—Ardre, 1970: 

90.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:767.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe, 1920:587.—Aleem, 

1951:251.—Hamel and Lemoine, 1953:102.—Riedl, 1963: 

69.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:41. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka , 

La Marsa, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island, El 

Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1190(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from April to 

July and in September as a crust on Cymodocea 

nodosa. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen, 

Irvine, and Webster 

Corallina squamata Linnaeus, 1767:540. 

Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen et al., 1973:212.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:44. 

Corallina squamata Ellis and Solander, 1786:117.—Bornet, 

1892:351.—Gayral, 1958:320.—Ardre, 1970:96. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Corsica, Libya, Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1139(US), 

1178 (NHA), 1220 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April on 

rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Jania corniculata (Linnaeus) Lamouroux 

Corallina cormculata Linnaeus, 1758:806. 

Jama corniculata (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1812:186.—Bornet, 

1892:351.—Feldman, 1937:272.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:248.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:112.—Ardre, 1970: 

98.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:44. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Ca p Zebib); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1225; 3: 1291, 

1293(US), 1294(NHA); 5: 1354(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in February and 

April on rocks. 

*Jania longifurca Zanardini 

Jama longifurca Zanardini, 1843:43.—Bornet, 1892:351.— 

Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937:272.—Gayral, 1958:330.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:112.—Ardre, 1970:98.—Furnari 

and Scammacca, 1973:13.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

766. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Bechateur, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, 

Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (France, Algeria, Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1305, 1306; 5: 

1353, 1364;/Z- 1606, 1671-1680(US), 1681 

(NHA), 1685(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from Januar y to 

December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux 

Corallina rubens Linnaeus, 1767:1305.—DeToni and Forti, 

1914:290. 

Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1812:186.—Piccone, 

1879:30; 1884:130.—Bornet, 1892:351.—Muschler, 1910: 

313.—Boergesen, 1929:70.—Feldmann, 1931b:242; 1937: 

272; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:248.—Nasr 

and Aleem, 1949:278.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Funk, 1955: 

102.—Dao, 1957:171.—Gayral, 1958:327.—Riedl, 1963: 

70.—Edelstein, 1964:195.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:113.— 

Ardre, 1970:97.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:766.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:45. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Gammarth , 

La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Nabeul, Aghir, Zarzis); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, 

Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, 

Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Israel, 

Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1198-1203; 3: 

1292; // : 1565, 1566; 12: 1668-1670; 13: 1782; 

15: 1868, 1885; 28: 2234(US), 2250-2251 (NHA), 

2253 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in Januar y and 

from March to December on rocks, epiphytic on 

various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi 

Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi, 1837:387.—DeToni and 

Forti, 1914:290.—Funk, 1927:434.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

240; 1937:271.—Hamel and Lemoine, 1953:48.—Gayral, 

1958:335.—Riedl, 1963:69.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:113.— 

Ardre, 1970:85.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:766.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:13.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:47. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1175(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in January, 

March, April, October, and November as crust 

on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 
NUMBER 10 39 

Family CRYPTONEMIACEAE 

* Cryptonemia seminervis (C. Agardh) J. 

Agardh 

Sphaerococcus seminervis C. Agardh, 1822:232. 

Cryptonemia seminervis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1851:226.— 

Bornet, 1892:341.—Gayral, 1958:353.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:117.—Ardre, 1970:101. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1637-1638 

(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in September 

on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Family KALLYMENIACEAE 

Kallymenia microphylla J. Agardh 

Kallymema microphylla J. Agardh, 1848:288.—Bornet, 1892: 

278.—Funk, 1927:389.—Boergesen, 1929:75.—Feldmann, 

1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:249.—Edelstein, 

1962:215; 1964:196.—Ardre, 1970:103.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:769.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:46. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (El Attaya, Kerkenna 

Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, 

Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2100(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Order GIGARTINALES 

Family HYPNEACEAE 

Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacquin) 

Lamouroux 

Fucus musciformis Wulfen in Jacquin, 1786:154. 

Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacquin) Lamouroux, 1813: 

43.—Piccone, 1879:29; 1884:127.—Bornet, 1892:284.— 

Muschler, 1910:305.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:11.—Funk, 

1955:77.—Boergesen, 1929:84.—Feldmann, 1931b:237; 

1937:274; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:254.— 

Nasr and Aleem, 1949:278.—Gayral, 1958:385.—Riedl, 

1963:73.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:124. —Ardre, 1970: 

111.—Ben Alaya, 1970:210.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

772.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:125.—Lipkin and Safriel, 

1971:9.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:23. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, Tabarka , 

Raf Raf, Raouad, Gammarth , Sidi Bou Said, La 

Marsa, Nabeul, Hammamet, Monastir, Djerba 

Island, El Bibane, Bechateur, Ras Sidi Ali El 

Mekki); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1207-1210; 3: 

1308, 1309; 5: 1369; 6: 1377; 7: 1385; 10: 1496; 

//.- 1535, 1571, 1574, 1575; 12: 1689-1706; 13: 

1790, 1796; 15: 1888-1890; 16: 1925; 18: 1997, 

1998; 20: 2067, 2068; 24: 2171-2173(US); 29: 

2262(NHA), 2263(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found year round on 

rocks and epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Family PLOCAMIACEAE 

Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) Dixon 

Fucus cartilagineus Linnaeus, 1753:1161. 

Plocamium cartilagineum (Linnaeus) Dixon, 1967:58.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:771.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977: 

25. 

Plocamium coccineum (Hudson) Lyngbye, 1819:39.—Bornet, 

1892:291.—DeToni, 1895:453.—Petersen, 1918:19.— 

Funk, 1955:77.—Boergesen, 1929:94.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

238; 1937:273.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:254.— 

Gayral, 1958:385.—Riedl, 1963:71.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:120.—Ardre, 1970:112.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.— 

Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:222.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:128. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Cap Zebib, 

mouth of Madjerda, Gammarth , Sidi Bou Said, 

La Marsa, Monastir, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, 

Sicily, Turkey, Algeria, Libya); Indian Ocean. 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1192, 1193; 5: 

1358; 9: 1423-1431; // ; 1531-1533; 12: 1653-

1667; 13: 1768-1770(US); 17: 1958-1962 (NHA); 

18: 1977(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from Januar y to 

July and from September to December on rocks 

as well as epiphytic on various algae; some specimens dredged from 15 to 57 m. 

Family SPHAEROCOCCACEAE 

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough 

and Woodward) Stackhouse 

Fucus coronopifolius Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:185. 

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough and Woodward) 

Stackhouse, 1809:57.—Muschler, 1910:304.—DeToni and 

Forti, 1913:12.—Petersen, 1918:18.—Ardre, 1970:115.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771. 

Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Goodenough and Woodward) C. 

Agardh, 1817:29.—Bornet, 1892:282.—Funk, 1955:77.— 

Boergesen, 1929:80.—Feldmann, 1931b:236; 1937:273.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:255.—Gayral, 1958:374.— 

Riedl, 1963:72.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:122.—Giiven and 

Ostig, 1971:125—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:29. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Cap Zebib, Bizerte, He Plane, Ra f Raf, mouth of Madjerda, Raouad, Gammarth, Sidi Bou Said, Korbous); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1130, 1276-

1280, 1282-1289; 5: 1362; 6: 1375; 8: 1416; 9: 

1450; 10: 1492; // : 1555-1564(US); 13: 1780-

1781 (INSTOP); 14: 183 7-1841 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 

to May and in July, September, October, and 

December on rocks; some specimens dredged 

from 40 to 65 m. 

Family FURCELLARIACEAE 

*Halarachnion ligulatum (Woodward) 

Kuetzing 

Ulva ligulala Woodward, 1797:54. 

Halarachmon ligulatum (Woodward) Kuetzing, 1843:394.— 

Bornet, 1892:345.—Funk, 1927:423.—Boergesen, 1929: 

9.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:251.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); 

northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Greece). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1809(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in October on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 

Family GRACILARIACEAE 

Gracilaria armata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh 

Sphaerococcus armatus C. Agardh, 1827:645. 

Gracilaria armata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, 1847:15.—Bornet, 

1892:283.—DeToni, 1895:453.—Schiffner, 1926:302.— 

Funk, 1955:79.—Boergesen, 1929:82.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

237; 1937:273.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:770. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(France, Italy, Algeria, Greece, Libya, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1610-1613 

(US), 1614(NHA), 1622 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April, May, 

and September on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini 

Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini, 1858:265.—Feldmann, 1931a: 

14; 1951:107. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); Mediterranean (Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1611(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May growing on 

rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

*Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J. Agardh 

Fucus cervicornis Turner, 1809:131. 

Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J. Agardh, 1852:504.—Gayral, 

1958:364. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raf Raf, Ras Sidi Ali 

El Mekki, La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco); Indian Ocean. 
NUMBER 10 41 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 6: 1378, 1379; 7: 

1388; 12: 1715(US), 1716(NHA), 1717(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from September 

to December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1718-1720 

(US), 1721 (NHA); 16: 1927(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, 

March, June , July, November, and December 

epiphytic on various algae. 

Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss 

Fucus verrucosus Hudson, 1762:470. 

Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss, 1950:195.—Ardre, 

1970:115.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:771.—Giiven and 

Ostig, 1971:127.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:10. 

Gracilaria confervoides (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830:liv.—Bornet, 

1892:282.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Funk, 1955:79.—Boergesen, 1929:81.—Feldmann, 1931b:237; 1937:273.—Nasr, 

1940b:23.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:255.—Nasr and 

Aleem, 1949:276.—Gayral, 1958:358.—Edelstein, 1962: 

213; 1964:197.—Riedl, 1963:71.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971: 

127. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Sicily, 

Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1713(US), 

1714(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in January, 

April, May, and July on rocks in the sublittoral 

zone. 

Family PHYLLOPHORACEAE 

*Gymnogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) Martius 

Fucus gnffithsiae Turner, 1808:80. 

Gymnogongrusgriffithsiae (Turner) Martius, 1833:27.—Bornet, 

1892:276.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:12.—Boergesen, 

1929:74.—Feldmann, 1931b:235; 1937:274.—Nasr and 

Aleem, 1949:278.—Funk, 1955:78.—Gayral, 1958:398.— 

Seoane-Camba, 1965:125.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

772.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:22. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa, Hamma -

met); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt). 

Phyllophora nervosa (de Candolle) Greville in 

J. Agardh 

Fucus nervosus de Candolle, 1805:29. 

Phyllophora nervosa (de Candolle) Greville in J. Agardh, 1842: 

94.—Bornet, 1892:274.—Muschler, 1910:304.—Funk, 

1927:386.—Feldmann, 1931b:231; 1937:274.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:256.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:273.— 

Dao, 1957:171.—Riedl, 1963:72.—Ben Alaya, 1970: 

211.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:222.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:773.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:125.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:24. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, He Plane, 

mouth of Madjerda, Korbous); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Adriatic Sea, Greece, 

Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Sicily, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1149-1156, 

1183; 8: 1395, 1396, 1402-1405, 1420; 9: 1454-

1467(US); 14: 1843-1844(NHA), 1845-1846 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, October, 

and December on rocks; some specimens dredged 

from 65 m. 

*Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) 

Newroth and A.R.A. Taylor 

Fucus pseudoceranoides Gmelin, 1768:119. 

Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) Newroth and A.R.A. 

Taylor, 1971:95. 

Phyllophora membranifoha (Goodenough and Woodward) J. 

Agardh, 1842:93.—Ardre, 1970:118.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:773. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (He Plane, mouth of 

Madjerda, Korbous); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean (Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 9: 1452-1453(US); 

14: 1451 (NHA), 1842 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from Januar y to 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

July and from October to December on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Family GIGARTINACEAE 

Gigartina acicularis (Wulfen) Lamouroux 

Fucus acicularis Wulfen, 1803:63. 

Gigartina acicularis (Wulfen) Lamouroux, 1813:49.—Bornet, 

1892:273.—Funk, 1927:385.—Boergesen, 1929:73.—Feldmann, 1931b:231; 1937:274.—Nasr, 1940b: 25.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:257.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958: 

408.—Riedl, 1963:73.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:11 7.— 

Ardre, 1970:126.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:773.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:21. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, La 

Marsa, Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, 

Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1617(US), 

1621 (NHA); 13: 1755 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from Januar y to 

July and from October to December on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Famil y RlSSOELLACEAE 

Rissoella verruculosa (Bertoloni) J. Agardh 

Fucus verruculosus Bertoloni, 1819:291. 

Rissoella verruculosa (Bertoloni) J. Agardh, 1848:241.—Piccone, 1879:28; 1884:125.—DeToni, 1895:452.—Funk, 

1927:390.—Feldmann, 1931b:235; 1937:90; 1961:507— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:253.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:222.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:27. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Algeria, Sicily, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1208-1215(US), 

1256(NHA); 3: 1298 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April and July 

on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Order RHODYMENIALES 

Family RHODYMENIACEAE 

*Chrysymenia ventricosa (Lamouroux) 

J. Agardh 

Dumontia ventricosa Lamouroux, 1813:45. 

Chrysymenia ventricosa (Lamouroux) J. Agardh, 1876:322.— 

Bornet, 1892:288.—Funk, 1927:399.—Feldmann, 1937 

274.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:258.—Edelstein, 1964 

198.—Papenfuss, 1968:91.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971 

774.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:31. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island) Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Israel, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 2174(US), 

2148 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

*Rhodymenia pseudopalmata (Lamouroux) 

Silva 

Fucus pseudopalmatus Lamouroux, 1805:29. 

Rhodymema pseudopalmata (Lamouroux) Silva, 1952:265.— 

Ardre, 1970:132.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:774. 

Rhodymema palmelta (Esper) Greville, 1830:xlviii.—Piccone, 

1879:28; 1884:126.—Funk, 1927:397.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

237.—Gayral, 1958:410—Guven and Ostig, 1971:126. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Zebib, He Plane, 

mouth of Madjerda, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Italy, Greece, Turkey, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1632(US), 

1636(NHA), 1761 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from Januar y to 

December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Family CHAMPIACEAE 

Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey 

Chondria parvula C. Agardh, 1824:207. 

Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey, 1953:76.—Bornet, 

1892:290. —Funk, 1927:405. —Boergesen, 1929:92.— 
NUMBER 10 43 

Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:274; 1961:507.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:262.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958: 

420.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:128.—Ardre, 1970:137.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:774.—Giaccone et al., 1973, 

table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:31. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Djerba 

Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Algeria, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1235(US); 29: 

2265(NHA), 2268(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from April to 

May epiphytic on various algae. 

Chylocladia verticillata (Lightfoot) Bliding 

Fucus verticillatus Lightfoot, 1777:962. 

Chylocladia verticillata (Lightfoot) Bliding, 1928:69.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:128.—Ardre, 1970:138.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:775.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:31. 

Chylocladia kaliformis (Goodenough and Woodward) Hooker, 

1833:397.—Bornet, 1892:291.—Petersen, 1918:19.— 

Funk, 1955:87.—Boergesen, 1929:93.—Feldmann, 1931b: 

238; 1937:275.—Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:199.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

Gastroclomum kaliforme (Goodenough and Woodward) Ardissone, 1883:322.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:261. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, 

Sicily, Greece, Israel, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 19: 2034-2046; 20: 

2095-2099, 2101; 24: 2154-2158 (US); 29: 

2255(NHA), 2256(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to 

April on rocks and epiphytic on various algae. 

Gastroclonium clavatum (Roth) Ardissone 

Conferva clavata Roth, 1797:160. 

Gastroclomum clavatum (Roth) Ardissone, 1883:322.—DeToni 

and Forti, 1913:11.—Feldman, 1937:275; 1961:507.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:261.—Funk, 1955:88.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:130.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:775.— 

Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:32. 

Chylocladia mediterranea J. Agardh, 1842:112. 

Lomentaria mediterranea Endlicher, 1843:43. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Nabeul, Monastir); 

northeastern Atlantic (Spain); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corisca, Greece, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 15: 1871-1874 

(US), 1875(NHA), 1970(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found from April to 

March on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Family LOMENTARIACEA E 

Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye 

Ulva articulata Hudson, 1778:569. 

Lomentaria articulata (Hudson) Lyngbye, 1819:101.—Bornet, 

1892:289.—Boergesen, 1929:90.—Feldmann, 1937:274.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:260.—Gayral, 1958:418.—Ben 

Alaya, 1970:211—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:223.— 

Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:775.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:33. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Hammamet); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Sicily, 

Corsica, Italy, Greece). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 16: 1926(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in March on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Order CERAMIALES 

Family CERAMIACEAE 

*Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Naegeli 

Callithammon cruciatum C. Agardh, 1824:160. 

Antithammon cruciatum (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1847:200.—Funk, 

1955:110.—Feldmann, 1931b:247.—Riedl, 1963:75.— 

Ardre, 1970:145.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:776.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:33. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1144-1145(US), 

1146(NHA), 1147(INSTOP). 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on various algae. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM // : 1605(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in May on rocks. 

* Callithamnion byssoides Arnott in Hooker 

Callithammon byssoides Arnott in Hooker, 1833:342.—Boergesen, 1930:42.—Feldmann, 1937:275.—Papenfuss, 1968: 

92. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(France); Red Sea. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 18: 2011 (US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April on rocks in 

the sublittoral zone. 

Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C. 

Agardh 

Ceramium granulatum Ducluzeau, 1805:72. 

Callithamnion granulatum (Ducluzeau) C. Agardh, 1828:177.— 

DeToni, 1895:454.—Funk, 1955:134.—Feldmann, 1931b 

247.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:265.—Gayral, 1958 

438.—Ardre, 1970:176.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971 

776.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:64. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka, 

Bechateur); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, 

Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 1: 2220; 2: 1132, 

1133, 1244-1246(US), 1247(NHA); 3: 1336(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April and July 

epiphytic on various algae. 

Callithamnion tetragonum (Withering) C. 

Agardh 

Conferva tetragona Withering, 1796:405. 

Callithammon tetragonum (Withering) C. Agardh, 1828:176.— 

Boergesen, 1930:46.—Feldmann, 1931b:247; 1937:275; 

1961:507.—Funk, 1955:133.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:140. 

—Ardre, 1970:177. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Italy, Algeria). 

Ceramium ciliatum (Ellis) Ducluzeau 

Conferva ciliata Ellis, 1768:425. 

Ceramium ciliatum (Ellis) Ducluzeau, 1805:64.—DeToni and 

Forti, 1913:7; 1914:290.—Schiffner, 1926:301.—Funk, 

1955:118.—Boergesen, 1930:65.—Nasr, 1940b:26.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:268.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949: 

276.—Gayral, 1958:430.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:132.— 

Furnari and Scammacca, 1970:223.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:76.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:65. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Raouad, 

Gammarth, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic 

(Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, Libya, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1240-1243; 10: 

1511-1514; // : 1598-1604(US); 15: 1896(INSTOP); 18: 2008-2010(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to 

May epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea 

nodosa. 

Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth 

Conferva diaphana Lightfoot, 1777:996. 

Ceramium diaphanum (Lightfoot) Roth, 1806:154.—Piccone, 

1879:28; 1884:123.—Petersen, 1918:14.—Schiffner, 1926: 

301.—Boergesen, 1930:63.—Feldmann, 1931b:248; 1937: 

276.—Mazoyer, 1938:325.—Nasr, 1940b:27.—Gayral, 

1958:433.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:135.—Papenfuss, 1968: 

92.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, 

table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:66. 

Ceramium diaphanum (Roth) Harvey, 1849: pl. 193.—Funk, 

1955:119.—Ardre, 1970:155.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

777. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Gammarth , 

La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, Hammamet, Sousse, El 

Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, 

Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1211; // : 1593-

1597; 13: 1815-1817 (US); 29: 2287(NHA), 

2288 (INSTOP). 
NUMBER 10 45 

REMARKS.—Common ; found from Januar y to 

May and in September and November epiphytic 

on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Ceramium gracillimum Griffiths and Harvey 

in Harvey 

Ceramium gracillimum Griffiths and Harvey in Harvey, 1849, 

pl. 206.—Funk, 1955:117.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:276.— 

Edelstein, 1964:202.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:133.—Papenfuss, 1968:93.—Andre, 1970:153.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:777.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Italy, Sicily, Greece, Israel, Egypt); Red 

Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 16: 1928(US), 

1929(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in September 

epiphytic on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh 

Conferva rubra Hudson, 1762:486. 

Ceramium rubrum (Hudson) C. Agardh, 1817:60.—Boergesen, 

1930:63.—Feldmann, 1931b:248.—Mazoyer, 1938:320.— 

Nasr, 1940b:27.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:268.—Nasr 

and Aleem, 1949:276.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Funk, 1955: 

119.—Gayral, 1958:428.—Riedl, 1963:75.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:133.—Ardre, 1970:157.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1970:223.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:778.— 

Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:67. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Gammarth, La Marsa, Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Turkey, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Algeria, Egypt); Red 

Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1333-1335: 11: 

1590-1592; 12: 1729, 1730, 1732(US), 1733 

(NHA); 18: 2007(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from Januar y to 

August and from October to December on rocks, 

epiphytic on various algae and Cymodocea nodosa. 

1955:117.—Mazoyer, 1937:540; 1938:321.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:135.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:778.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM: 24: 2142-

2144(US), 2145(NHA), 2146(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in March epiphytic 

on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Ceramium tenuissimum (Lyngbye) J. Agardh 

Ceramium diaphanum var. tenuissimum Lyngbye, 1819:120. 

Ceramium tenuissimum (Lyngbye) J. Agardh, 1851:120.—Feldmann, 1931b:248; 1937:276.—Mazoyer, 1938:325.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:268.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949: 

270.—Funk, 1955:117.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:778.— 

Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:68. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1539(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in May and August on Cymodocea nodosa. 

*Griffithsia flosculosa (Ellis) Batters in Newton 

Conferva flosculosa Ellis, 1768:425. 

Gnffithsia flosculosa (Ellis) Batters in Newton, 1931:368.— 

Funk, 1955:129.—Feldmann, 1961:507.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:138.—Ardre, 1970:167.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

779.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973:14.—Boudouresque 

and Perret, 1977:69. 

Gnffithsia setacea C. Agardh, 1817:xxviii.—Bornet, 1892:324. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Corsica, Italy, Greece, Sicily). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1171(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

Cymodocea nodosa. 

Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamura 

Hormoceras tenerrimum Martens, 1866:146. 

Ceramium tenerrimum (Martens) Okamura, 1933:112.—Funk, 

*Griffithsia phyllamphora J. Agardh 

Gnffithsia phyllamphora J. Agardh, 1842:77.—Bornet, 1892: 

324.—Boergesen, 1930:38.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

263.—Funk, 1955:127.—Dao, 1957:172.—Riedl, 1963: 

75.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:69. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); 

northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1808(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in July epiphytic on 

various algae. 

*Anotrichium tenue (C. Agardh) Naegeli 

Gnffithsia tenuis C. Agardh, 1828:131.—Boergesen, 1930: 

31.—Edelstein, 1964:199.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 

779. 

Anotnchium tenue (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1861:399. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Greece, Israel, Algeria); Red Sea; Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2093 (US), 

2094 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April on 

rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey 

Fucus filamentosus Wulfen, 1803:64. 

Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey, 1833:336.—Bornet, 

1892:333.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:7.—Petersen, 1918: 

15.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Pottier, 1929:337.—Boergesen, 1930:61.—Feldmann, 1931b:247; 1937:276.—Nasr, 

1940b:30.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:267.—Funk, 1955: 

120.—Dao, 1957:172.—Edelstein, 1964:202.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:136.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and 

Geissler, 1971:780.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975: 

219.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:72. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Monastir, Djerba Island, Kerkenna Island, 

Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Spain, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 4: 1344-1348; 13: 

1773-1779; 14: 1832-1836; 18: 1994, 1995; 21: 

2107-2111; 24: 2194; 26: 2208-2214(US); 28: 

2246-2247 (NHA), 2248-2249(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in April, May, 

July, and October epiphytic on various algae. 

Wrangelia penicillata C. Agardh 

Wrangelia penicillata C. Agardh, 1828:138.—Bornet, 1892: 

265.—DeToni, 1895:452.—DeToni and Forti, 1913:12.— 

Schiffner, 1926:300.—Boergesen, 1927:94.—Feldmann, 

1937:276.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:269.—Funk, 1955: 

129.—Dao, 1957:172.—Riedl, 1963:75.—Edelstein, 1964: 

200.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:780.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Harotinidis 

and Tsekos, 1975:220.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977: 

73. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir, Djerba Island, Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, 

Libya); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1991-1993; 24: 

2183, 2186-2193, 2197-2201(US); 28: 2239 -

2243(NHA), 2244-2245(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, May, 

and October epiphytic on various algae. 

Family DELESSERIACEA E 

*Acrosorium uncinatum (Turner) Kylin 

Fucus laceraius var. uncinalus Turner, 1808:153. 

Acrosorium uncinatum (Turner) Kylin, 1924:78.—Boergesen, 

1930:154.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:278.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:272.—Funk, 1955:103.—Gayral, 1958: 

461.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:142.—Ardre, 1970:188.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:90. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said, Korbous, Sousse); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, 

Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Algeria, 

Libya); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1186; 13: 1821-

1825; 14: 1861-1863(US), 1864(NHA), 1865(INSTOP). 
NUMBER 10 47 

REMARKS.—Common ; found in April and October epiphytic on various algae. 

*Hypoglossum woodwardii Kuetzing 

Hypoglossum woodwardii Kuetzing, 1843:444.—Boergesen, 

1930:153.—Feldmann, 1931b:238; 1937:278.—Navarro 

and Uriarte, 1945:269.—Funk, 1955:106.—Gayral, 1958: 

456.—Edelstein, 1964:207.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:141.— 

Ardre, 1970:179.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:781.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:91. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM / : 1540(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

various algae. 

*Myriogramme distromatica Rodriquez ex 

Boudouresque 

Mynogramme distromatica Rodriguez ex Boudouresque, 1971: 

76.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:92. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said); Mediterranean (Corsica). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 13: 1789(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in October epiphytic 

on Cymodocea nodosa. 

Family DASYACEAE 

*Dasya baillouviana (Gmelin) Montagne 

Fucus baillouviana Gmelin, 1768:165. 

Dasya baillouviana (Gmelin) Montagne, 1841:164. 

Dasya elegans (Martens) C. Agardh, 1828:117.—Edelstein, 

1964:205.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:127. 

Dasya pedicellata C. Agardh, 1824:211.—Boergesen, 1930: 

136.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:782.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:127.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island, 

Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Sicily, Greece, Turkey, 

Israel); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2057-2059, 

2061; 24: 2178-2179(US), 2180-2181 (NHA), 

2182(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in March and 

April on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Heterosiphonia wurdemanni (Bailey in 

Harvey) Falkenberg 

Dasya wurdemanni Bailey in Harvey, 1853:64. 

Heterosiphonia wurdemanni (Bailey in Harvey) Falkenberg, 

1901:638.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930:137.— 

Feldmann, 1937:277.—Nasr, 1940a:7.—Nasr and Aleem, 

1949:270.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:147.—Dao, 

1957:173.—Edelstein, 1964:206.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:782.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:89. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Israel, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 26: 2222 (US), 

2223 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April and 

October on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Family RHODOMELACEA E 

Acanthophora najadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss 

Fucus najadiformis Delile, 1813:80. 

Acanthophora najadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss, 1968:96. 

Acanthophora delile Lamouroux, 1813:132.—Muschler, 1910: 

307.—Funk, 1927:446.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.— 

Feldmann, 1951:107.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970: 

225.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:73. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Sicily, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Israel, 

Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 23: 2134(US), 

2137(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in Jun e on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

Alsidium corallinum C. Agardh 

Alsidium corallinum C. Agardh, 1827:639.—Schiffner, 1926: 

303.—Boergesen, 1930:108.—Feldmann, 1937:277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:276.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 

1955:139.—Edelstein, 1964:203.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:783.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:74. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Israel, 

Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EG M 12: 1744-1749 

(US), 1750 (NHA), 1751 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, 

June , September, and November on rocks in the 

sublittoral zone. 

* Chondria coerulescens (Crouan and Crouan) 

Falkenberg 

Laurencia coerulescens Crouan and Crouan, 1867:154. 

Chondria coerulescens (Crouan and Crouan) Falkenberg, 1901: 

205.—Funk, 1927:444.—Gayral, 1958:476.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:153.—Ardre, 1970:223. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, La Marsa, 

Sidi Bou Said); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, 

Spain, Morocco); Mediterranean (Italy). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 1509-1510 

(US); 12: 1727-1728(NHA); 13: 1814(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in March, June , 

October, and December on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1219; 2: 1218, 

1221, 1224; //.• 1585-1589; 12: 1724-1726; 20: 

2047-2056; 29: 2269-2271 (US), 2272(NHA), 

22 73 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from Januar y to 

May and in November and December on rocks 

in the sublittoral zone. 

Chondria tenuissima (Goodenough and 

Woodward) C. Agardh 

Fucus tenuissimus Goodenough and Woodward, 1797:215. 

Chondria tenuissima (Goodenough and Woodward) C. Agardh, 

1822:352.—Bornet, 1892:303.—Schiffner, 1926:303.— 

Boergesen 1930:80.—Feldmann, 1931b:243; 1937:276.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:276.—Aleem, 1951:252.— 

Funk, 1955:139.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:154.—Ardre, 

1970:221.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Giiven and 

Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:76. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Raouad, 

Gammarth, Kerkenna Island, Djerba Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); 

Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1332; 10: 1506-

1508; // : 1583(US); 24: 2149-2159(NHA), 2152-

2153 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from March to 

May and in July and August on rocks in the 

sublittoral zone. 

Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh 

Fucus dasyphyllus Woodward, 1794:239. 

Chondria dasyphylla (Woodward) C. Agardh, 1817:xviii.—Bornet, 1892:304.—Muschler, 1910:307.—Fremy, 1925:28.— 

Schiffner, 1926:303.—Funk, 1927:444.—Boergesen, 1930: 

81.—Feldmann, 1931b:242.—Gayral, 1958:474.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:783.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1973: 

16. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka , 

Gammarth , La Marsa, El Bibane); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal, Morocco, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Greece, Algeria, Libya, Sicily, 

Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

*Digenia simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh 

Conferva simplex Wulfen, 1803:17. 

Digema simplex (Wulfen) C. Agardh, 1822:388.—Muschler, 

1910:308.—Funk, 1927:442.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

280.—Nasr and Aleem, 1949:256.—Aleem, 1951:252.— 

Dao, 1957:172.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:783.—Giiven 

and Ostig, 1971:126—Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:11.— 

Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:76. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Nabeul, 

Djerba Island); Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt); Red 

Sea; Indian Ocean. 
NUMBER 10 49 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EG M 2: 1270-1275, 

1281 (US); 15: 1876(INSTOP); 27: 2231-2233 

(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in April, July, 

and October on rocks in the sublittoral zone. 

Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters 

Fucus incurvus Hudson, 1762:470. 

Halopitys incurvus (Hudson) Batters, 1902:78.—Aleem, 1951: 

252.—Gayral, 1958:496.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:152.— 

Ardre, 1970:220.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:784.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. — Boudouresque and Perret, 

1977:77. 

Halopitys pmastroides (Gmelin) Kuetzing, 1843:433.—Bornet, 

1892:303.—Muschler, 1910:309.—DeToni and Forti, 

1914:298.—Schiffner, 1926:304.—Boergesen, 1930:117.— 

Feldmann, 193 lb:245.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

281.—Funk, 1955:145. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Tabarka , 

Bechateur, He Plane, Ras Sidi Ali El Mekki, 

mouth of Madjerda, Raouad, Sidi Bou Said, La 

Marsa, Korbous, Nabeul, Gammarth , Monastir, 

Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, 

Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1148, 1157-

1163, 1250-1251; 3: 1323; 8: 1393, 1394; 9: 1477, 

1478; 10: 1500-1504; //.- 1578-1580; 12: 1709-

1712; 13: 1802-1806 14: 1852-1855; 15: 1893-

1894(US); 18: 2005-2006(NHA); 23: 2135-

2136(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from March to 

May and from July to December on rocks; some 

specimens dredged from 15 to 23 m. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya); Red Sea; Indian 

Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1999(US), 

2000(NHA), 2001 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

various algae. 

Herposiphonia tenella forma secunda (C. 

Agardh) Hollenberg 

Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Falkenberg, 1901:307. 

Hulchinsia secunda C. Agardh, 1824:149. 

Herposiphonia tenella forma secunda (C. Agardh) Hollenberg, 

1968:556. 

Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn, 1880:197.— 

Nasr and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Dao, 

1957:172.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:784. 

Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1846:238.—Muschler, 1910:308.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930: 

111. — Feldmann, 193 lb:245.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:281.—Funk, 1955:142.—Seoane-Camba, 1965: 

147.—Ardre, 1970:214.—Furnari and Scammacca, 1970: 

161. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Sidi Bou Said, Djerba 

Island); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Canary Islands), Mediterranean (Spain, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Libya, Egypt); Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 24: 2292(US); 25: 

2204(NHA), 2205(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in February, 

March, and May epiphytic on various algae. 

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Schmitz 

Hutchinsia tenella C. Agardh, 1828:105. 

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Schmitz, 1889:449. 

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Ambronn, 1880:198.— 

DeToni and Forti, 1913:9.—Boergesen, 1930:110.—Funk, 

1955:142.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:784.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:79. 

Herposiphonia tenella (C. Agardh) Naegeli, 1846:238.—Feldmann, 1931b:245; 1961:508.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

280.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:147.—Ardre, 1970:213.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table iv. 

Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux 

Fucus oblusus Hudson, 1778:586. 

Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1813:42.—Piccone, 

1879:31; 1884:133.—Bornet, 1892:300.—Patouillard, 

1897:19.—Muschler, 1910:306.—DeToni and Forti, 1913: 

10.—Schiffner, 1926:302.—Funk, 1927:447.—Pottier, 

1929:343.—Boergesen, 1930:67.—Feldmann, 1931b:243, 

1937:276.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:273.—Nasr and 

Aleem, 1949:278.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Dao, 1957:172.— 

Gayral, 1958:482.—Riedl, 1963:77.—Seoane-Camba, 

1965:155.—Ardre, 1970:224.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971: 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

784.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Boudouresque and 

Perret, 1977:79. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Bizerte, 

Raf Raf, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi 

Bou Said, Korbous, Monastir, Gabes, Kerkenna 

Island, Djerba Island, El Bibane); northeastern 

Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Sicily, Italy, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Israel, Algeria, 

Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1212-1217; 2 

1140-1143, 1164-1167, 1179-1182, 1187-1216 

1219; 3: 1324-1331; 4: 1350; 5: 1371, 1372; 6. 

1380-1381; 10; 1505; // : 1581, 1582; 12: 1708 

13: 1810; 14: 1856-1860; 15: 1895; 18: 2002-2004 

19: 2040-2042; 20: 2078-2092; 21: 2113-2117 

22: 2132; 23: 2293-2296; 24: 2159-2170; 25: 

2202-2203(US); 26: 2224-2230(NHA); 29: 227'4-

2286(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 

to July and in September and October on rocks 

and epiphytic on various algae; some specimens 

dredged from 31 m. 

* Laurencia papillosa (Forsskal) Greville 

Fucus papillosus Forsskal, 1775:190. 

Laurencia papillosa (Forsskal) Greville, 1830:52.—Muschler, 

1910:306.—Feldmann, 1937:276.—Nasr and Aleem, 

1949:276.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Funk, 1955:141.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:785.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.— 

Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:8.—Giaccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:81. 

Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville, 1830:lii.—DeToni 

and Forti, 1913:11. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Ras Sidi Ali El 

Mekki, Raouad, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou 

Said, Nabeul, Zarzis); Mediterranean (France, 

Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt); Red Sea; Indian Ocean. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 7: 1386; 10: 1497-

1499; // : 1572, 1573, 1576, 1577; 12: 1707; 13: 

1807; 15: 1891-1892(US); 28: 2254(INSTOP); 

29: 2265-2266(NHA). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found in March, May, 

September, and October on rocks and epiphytic 

on various algae. 

* Laurencia pinnatifida (Gmelin) Lamouroux 

Fucus pinnatifidus Gmelin, 1792:1385. 

Laurencia pinnatifida (Gmelin) Lamouroux, 1813:42.—Bornet, 

1892:301.—Funk, 1927:449.—Boergesen, 1930:69.—Feldmann, 1931b:243; 1937:276.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945: 

275.—Aleem, 1951:251.—Gayral, 1958:478.—SeoaneCamba, 1965:154.—Ardre, 1970:225.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:785.—Giiven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone 

et al., 1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:81. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Cap Serrat, Bechateur, Ca p Zebib); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, 

Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 2: 1370(US); 8: 

1392 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in February, 

April, and July in the sublittoral zone. 

* Lophosiphonia subadunca (Kuetzing) 

Falkenberg 

Polysiphonia subadunca Kuetzing, 1843:418. 

Lophosiphonia subadunca (Kuetzing) Falkenberg, 1901:496.— 

Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:281—Funk, 1955:142.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:786. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raf Raf); Mediterranean (Spain, Greece). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 6: 1376(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in September epiphytic on various algae. 

* Lophosiphonia sacchoriza Collins and Hervey 

Lophosiphonia sacchoriza Collins and Hervey, 1917:127. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island). 

SPECIMEN STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2077(US). 

REMARKS.—Rare ; found in April epiphytic on 

various algae. 

Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Harvey in 

Hooker 

Conferva elongata Hudson, 1778:599. 

Polysiphonia elongata (Hudson) Harvey in Hooker, 1833:333.— 

Bornet, 1892:308.—Muschler, 1910:307.—Boergesen, 
NUMBER 10 51 

1930:93.—Feldmann, 1937:277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 

1945:278.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:136.—Edelstein, 1964:204.—Ardre, 1970:206.—Ben Alaya, 1970: 

212.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:786.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1973:16. — Boudouresque and Perret, 1977: 

83. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gammarth); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Canary Islands); 

Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, Greece, 

Turkey, Israel, Libya, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM // : 1537-1538 

(US). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in May epiphytic on various algae. 

* Polysiphonia macrocarpa Harvey in Mackay 

Polysiphonia macrocarpa Harvey in Mackay, 1836:206. — Bornet, 1892:306.—Boergesen, 1930:82.—Gayral, 1958: 

465.—Ardre, 1970:202. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Raouad, Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Morocco, Canary 

Islands). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 10: 1487, 1488; 20: 

2064(US), 2069(NHA), 2007 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in January, 

March, and August epiphytic on various algae 

and Cymodocea nodosa. 

Polysiphonia opaca (C. Agardh) Zanardini 

Hulchinsm opaca C. Agardh, 1824:148. 

Polysiphonia opaca (C. Agardh) Zanardini, 1842:63.—Schiffner, 1926:303.—Boergesen, 1930:104.—Feldmann, 1937: 

277.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:379.—Nasr and Aleem, 

1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Funk, 1955:136.—Gerloff 

and Geissler, 1971:787.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:126.— 

Lipkin and Safriel, 1971:8.—Gaiccone et al., 1973, table 

iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:84. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Tabarka, Monastir, 

Djerba Island); northeastern Atlantic (Canary 

Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, France, Corsica, 

Sicily, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM / : 1188-1190; 18: 

1985-1990 (US); 24: 2138 (INSTOP), 2184-

2185 (NHA). 

REMARKS.—Common; found from April to 

May epiphytic on various algae. 

* Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot in Dillwyn) 

Greville 

Conferva urceolata Lightfoot in Dillwyn, 1807:82. 

Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot in Dillwyn) Greville, 1824: 

309.—Gerloff and Geissler, 1971:788.—Giiven and Ostig, 

1971:126. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); 

Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 20: 2063, 2071-

2073(US), 2074(NHA), 2075(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April on 

rocks. 

* Polysiphonia violacea (Roth) Greville in 

Harvey 

Ceramium violaceum Roth, 1797:150. 

Polysiphonia violacea (Roth) Greville in Harvey, 1849:209.— 

Funk, 1927:135.—Boergesen, 1930:87.—Furnari and 

Scammacca, 1970:225. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Kerkenna Island); 

northeastern Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Italy, Sicily). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 19: 2032(US), 

2033(NHA), 2034(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in April epiphytic on various algae. 

* Pterosiphonia complanata (Clemente) 

Falkenberg 

Fucus complanatus Clemente, 1807:316. 

Pterosiphonia complanata (Clemente) Falkenberg, 1901:271.— 

Gayral, 1958:484.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:150.—Ardre, 

1970:192.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219. 

Polysiphonia complanata J. Agardh, 1863:933.—Bornet, 1892: 

317. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Monastir, Kerkenna 

Island, El Bibane); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain); Mediterranean (Greece). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 18: 1979-1981; 19: 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 

2035-2037(US); 29: 2257(NHA), 2258(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found in January, April, 

June , and August epiphytic on various algae. 

* Pterosiphonia pennata (C. Agardh) 

Falkenberg 

Hutchinsia pennata C. Agardh, 1824:146. 

Pterosiphonia pennata (C. Agardh) Falkenberg, 1901:263.— 

Funk, 1955:143.—Ardre, 1970:194.—Harotinidis and 

Tsekos, 1975:219. 

Pterosiphonia pennata (Roth) Falkenberg, 1901:263.—Boergesen, 1930:108.—Feldmann, 1931b:244; 1937:277.—Nasr 

and Aleem, 1949:277.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Gayral, 1958: 

488.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:150.—Giaccone et al., 1973, 

table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:85. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (La Marsa); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean (France, Corsica, 

Italy, Sicily, Greece, Algeria, Egypt). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 12: 1639-1646 

(US), 164 7 (NHA), 1648 (INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Common; found year round on 

sandy substrate. 

Rytiphloea tinctoria (Clemente) C. Agardh 

Fucus linclonus Clemente, 1807:316. 

Rytiphloea tinctoria (Clemente) C. Agardh, 1824:160.—Bornet, 

1892:302.—Muschler, 1910:308.—DeToni and Forti, 

1913:8; 1914:290.—Funk, 1927:454.—Boergesen, 1930: 

116.—Feldmann, 1931b:245; 137:277. —Navarro and 

Uriarte, 1945:281.—Aleem, 1951:252.—Dao, 1957:173.— 

Gayral, 1958:498. —Edelstein, 1962:213; 1964:205.— 

Riedl, 1963:77.—Seoane-Camba, 1965:152.—Ardre, 

1970:220.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:788.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 

1973, table iv.—Harotinidis and Tsekos, 1975:219.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:86. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Bechateur, Raf Raf, 

He Plane, Gammarth, La Marsa, Sidi Bou Said, 

Korbous, Kerkenna Island, Gabes, Djerba Island, 

Zarzis); northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Spain, 

Morocco, Canary Islands); Mediterranean 

(Spain, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic 

Sea, Greece, Turkey, Israel, Algeria, Libya, 

Egypt); Red Sea. 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 3: 1299; 6: 1373, 

1374; 8: 1406; // : 1549-1551; 12: 1630, 1631; 13: 

1758-1760; 14: 1831; 21: 2104-2106; 22: 2118-

2123, 25: 2206(US); 28: 2237(NHA); 29: 2260 

(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Abundant; found from February 

to July and from September to December on 

vertical surfaces of rocks; some specimens dredged 

from 15 to 23 m. 

Vidalia volubilis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh 

Fucus volubilis Linnaeus, 1759:1344. 

Vidalia volubilis (Linnaeus) J. Agardh, 1863:1121. — Piccone, 

1879:33; 1884:137.—Bornet, 1892:301.—Muschler, 1910: 

309.—DeToni and Forti, 1914:298.—Boergesen, 1930: 

116.—Feldmann, 1931b:245; 1937:277; 1961:508.—Navarro and Uriarte, 1945:282.—Funk, 1955:144.—Riedl, 

1963:77.—Ben Alaya, 1970:211.—Gerloff and Geissler, 

1971:788.—Guven and Ostig, 1971:126.—Giaccone et al., 

1973, table iv.—Boudouresque and Perret, 1977:86. 

DISTRIBUTION.—Tunisia (Gabes); northeastern 

Atlantic (Canary Islands); Mediterranean (Spain, 

France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Adriatic Sea, 

Greece, Turkey, Algeria, Libya). 

SPECIMENS STUDIED.—EGM 22: 2124-2128 

(US), 2129(NHA), 2130(INSTOP). 

REMARKS.—Occasional; found in July; 

dredged from 37 to 47 m. 
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