# Patent

## Title
Duplex printing system

## Abstract

A fluid ejection system includes a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction, a first fluid ejection head including a first set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver, and a second fluid ejection head including a second set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver. The first set of fluid ejection nozzles are distributed in a first region that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application relates to the field of fluid drop ejection.
BACKGROUND
Ink jet printing is a non-impact method that produces droplets of ink that are deposited on a substrate such as paper or transparent film in response to an electronic digital signal. In various commercial or consumer applications, there is a general need to provide ink jet images that are printed edge-to-edge on both faces of an ink receiver.
Ink jet printing systems generally are of two types: continuous stream and drop-on-demand. In continuous stream ink jet systems, ink is emitted in a continuous stream under pressure through at least one orifice or nozzle. Multiple orifices or nozzles also may be used to increase imaging speed and throughput. The ink is ejected out of orifices and perturbed, causing it to break up into droplets at a fixed distance from the orifice. At the break-up point, the electrically charged ink droplets are passed through an electric field which is controlled and switched on and off in accordance with digital data signals. Charged ink droplets are passed through a controllable electric field, which adjusts the trajectory of each droplet in order to direct it to either a gutter for ink deletion and recirculation or a specific location on a recording medium to create images. The image creation is controlled by electronic signals.
In drop-on-demand systems, a droplet is ejected from an orifice directly to a position on a recording medium by pressure created by, for example, a piezoelectric device, an acoustic device, or a thermal device controlled in accordance with digital data signals. An ink droplet is not generated and ejected through the nozzles of an imaging device unless it is needed to be placed on the recording medium.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the present inventions relates to a fluid ejection system, comprising:
a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction;
a first fluid ejection head comprising a first set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver, the first set of fluid ejection nozzles distributed in a first region that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction; and
a second fluid ejection head comprising a second set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver.
In another aspect, the present inventions relates to a duplex ink jet printing system, comprising:
a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction;
a first ink jet print head comprising a first set of ink nozzles configured to deposit ink drops on a first surface of the receiver, the first set of ink nozzles distributed in a first region that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface of the receiver; and
a second ink jet print head comprising a second set of ink nozzles configured to deposit ink drops on a second surface of the receiver.
In yet another aspect, the present inventions relates to a method of fluid delivery, comprising:
transporting a receiver in a first direction;
depositing fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver by a first set of fluid ejection nozzles distributed in a first region of a first fluid ejection head, wherein the first region extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction; and
simultaneously depositing fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver by a second set of fluid ejection nozzles in a second fluid ejection head.
Implementations of the system may include one or more of the following. A fluid ejection system includes a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction, a first fluid ejection head comprising a first set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver, and a second fluid ejection head including a second set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver. The first set of fluid ejection nozzles are distributed in a first region that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction. The first set of nozzles can be configured to deposit fluid drops from edge to edge on the first surface of the receiver. The first fluid ejection head can include a first nozzle plate wherein the first set of fluid ejection nozzles is formed. The second fluid ejection head can include a second nozzle plate that is substantially facing the first nozzle plate, wherein the second set of fluid ejection nozzles is formed in the second nozzle plate. The first set of fluid ejection nozzles in the first fluid ejection head are not directly opposing to the second set of fluid ejection nozzles in the second fluid ejection head. The second set of fluid ejection nozzles can be distributed in one or more rows spanning a second swath width that extends at least up to an edge of the second surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction. The first direction can be substantially parallel to the first nozzle plate or the second nozzle plate. The first set of fluid ejection nozzles can be distributed in one or more rows spanning a first swath width that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction. The second set of nozzles can be configured to deposit fluid drops from edge to edge on the second surface of the receiver. The first fluid ejection head can produces a first fluid pattern on the first surface of the receiver. The second fluid ejection head can produce on the second surface of the receiver a second fluid pattern that is a mirror image of the first fluid pattern. The first surface and the second surface can be on the opposite sides of the receiver.
Embodiments may include one or more of the following advantages. The disclosed ink jet system is capable of duplex printing edge to edge on an ink receiver. The system is especially beneficial to handling narrow ink receivers. The disclosed ink jet system is compatible with fast drying inks, which together with duplex mode provides high printing throughput. The system provides effective nozzle maintenance and ink recycling capabilities, which reduces ink waste and further improves operation cycle and system throughput.
The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawing and in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows partial view of a duplex ink jet printing system when viewed in front of a mount plate.
FIG. 2 is a partial view of the duplex ink jet printing system of FIG. 1 when viewed from the back of the mount plate.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the duplex ink jet printing system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a top view of the ink nozzles and nozzle plate of the first ink jet print head assembly.
FIG. 5 is a top view of the ink nozzles and nozzle plate of the second ink jet print head assembly.
FIG. 6 is a partial projection top view of the positions of the ink nozzles of an ink jet print head from the first ink jet print head assembly relative to the positions of the ink nozzles of an ink jet print head from the second ink jet print head assembly.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Shown in FIGS. 1-3, the duplex ink jet printing system 10 includes various components mounted to a mount plate 100 supported by a mount pole 105 that is fixed to a platform 110. A first ink jet print head assembly 20, a second ink jet print head assembly 30, and ink-receiver transport system 50 are held to the front of the mount plate 100. Ink reservoirs 201-204 are mounted to the back of the mount plate 100.
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the first ink jet print head assembly 20 includes ink jet print heads 21-24 and ink manifold 25. The ink jet print heads 21-24 receive ink fluid from the ink manifold 25 that in turn receives inks from ink reservoirs 201,202. Ink jet print heads 21-24 are controlled electronically by computer 250 through interface board 27 and flex prints 28. Inkjet print heads 21-24 can include ink ejection actuators and nozzle plates 401-404 that face downward. Each of the nozzle plates 401-404 comprises a plurality of ink nozzles 421-424 that can eject ink drops downward. Each set of ink nozzles 421-424 can be distributed in one or more rows such that the ink nozzles 421-424 can dispose ink drops spanning a first swath width SW1 on a receiver. As shown, the first swath width SW1 can extend up to or beyond the edges of the receiver that are parallel to the receiver movement direction 70. The ink jet print heads 21-24 can be supplied with different colored ink fluids to provide color ink jet printing. Furthermore, two or more of the ink jet print heads 21-24 can be supplied with the same colored ink fluid and the corresponding ink nozzles 421-424 can be distributed in offset positions to provide high resolution ink jet printing.
Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 5, the second ink jet print head assembly 30 includes ink jet print heads 31-34 receiving inks from ink plate 35 that in turn receive inks from ink reservoirs 203,204. Ink jet print heads 31-34 are controlled electronically by computer 250 through interface board 37 and flex prints 38. Inkjet print heads 31-34 respectively comprise ink actuators and nozzle plates 501-504 that face upward. Each of the nozzle plates 501-504 comprises a plurality of ink nozzles 521-524 that can eject ink drops upward. Each set of ink nozzles 521-524 can be distributed in one or more rows that can print ink pattern on a receiver spanning a second swath width SW2. The second swath width SW2 can extend up to or beyond the edges of the receiver that are parallel to the receiver movement direction 70. The ink jet print heads 31-34 can be supplied with different colored ink fluids to provide color ink jet printing. Furthermore, two or more of the ink jet print heads 31-34 can be supplied with the same colored ink fluid and the corresponding ink nozzles 521-524 can be distributed in offset positions to provide high resolution ink jet printing.
In one embodiment, ink jet print heads 21-24 and ink jet print heads 31-34 are oppositely disposed such that nozzle plates 401-404 and nozzle plates 501-504 are substantially opposite and parallel to each other (FIGS. 6 and 1) such that the first ink jet print head assembly 20 and the second ink jet receiver assembly 30 print on opposite surfaces of the receiver. Thus, the first and second ink jet assemblies can print on opposite surfaces of the receiver simultaneously. For example, the ink nozzles 521-524 can eject ink drops toward nozzle plates 401-404. Similarly, ink nozzles 421-424 can eject ink drops toward nozzle plates 501-504. The gap between the substantially parallel nozzle plates 401-404 and nozzle plates 501-504 can be adjusted in response to the thickness of ink receiver 60. The gap is typically in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 cm plus the thickness of the receiver 60.
As shown in the top views of FIGS. 4-6, the ink nozzles 421-424 and ink nozzles 521-524 are offset in their lateral positions. In other words, the ink nozzles 421-424 and ink nozzles 521-524 are not directly opposite to each other. For example, the ink nozzles 421-424 and ink nozzles 521-524 can be distributed in complimentary checkerboard patterns so each nozzle on one plate is pointing to the gap between nozzles in the opposing nozzle plate. Under this arrangement, ink drops ejected from ink nozzles 521-524 can be captured by the nozzle plates 401-404 in the areas outside of the ink nozzle 421-424. Similarly, ink drops ejected from ink nozzles 421-424 can be captured by the nozzle plates 501-504 in the areas outside of the ink nozzle 521-524. The ink drops ejected from a print head captured by the opposite nozzle plate therefore will not interfere with the drop ejection from the nozzle plate.
The first ink jet print head assembly 20 and the second ink jet print head assembly 30 are held to the mount plate 100 by slide bearing mechanisms 81-84. The lateral positions of ink jet print head assemblies 20 and 30 can be adjusted by slide bearing mechanisms 81-84 to allow the ink nozzles 421-424 on ink jet print heads 21-24 to be moved to positions offset and not directly opposing to the ink nozzles 521-524 on ink jet print heads 31-34. The inks supplied to ink jet print heads 21-24 and inkjet print heads 31-34 can be of different colors or different properties.
The ink receiver 60 can be driven by the transport system 50 in a direction 70 that can be perpendicular to the direction of transport of the print head assemblies by the slide bearing mechanisms 81-84. The transport system 50 includes a pair of nip rollers 51,52 that provides pressure contact to drive receiver 50. The rotations of the nip rollers 51,52 can be driven by a DC motor 53 under the control of computer 250. An encoder 54 tracks the rotation of the nip rollers and provides a feedback signal that can be used to control the DC motor 53 to ensure uniform motion of receiver 50. Although the receiver movement direction 70 and the nozzle plates 401-404,501-504 are shown to be horizontal in FIGS. 1-5, the system described is compatible with other orientation configurations. For example, the nozzle plates and the receiver motion can be parallel to the vertical direction.
In printing operation, ink receiver 60 is transported through the gap formed between nozzle plates 401-404 and nozzle plates 501-504. The ink nozzles 421-424 are adapted to eject and dispose ink droplets onto the top surface of the ink receiver 60. Similarly, ink nozzles 521-524 in nozzle plates 501-504 are adapted to eject and dispose ink drops onto the bottom surface of the ink receiver 50. In one embodiment (FIG. 4), the width of the receiver 50, RW, is narrower than at least one of the width of the first print swath SW1 or the second print swath width SW, or narrower than both. Ink jet print heads 21-24 and ink jet print heads 31-34 can thus print edge to edge respectively on the top surface and the lower surface of the receiver 50. As a result, edge-to-edge duplex printing can be accomplished on receiver 60 when it is transported in direction 70.
The ejected ink droplets that have trajectory outside of the edges of the ink receiver 50 can be referred to as over-spray. In one embodiment, the over-spray can be captured by the nozzle plate of the opposing ink jet print head. The over-spray land at the areas of the opposing nozzle plate outside of the ink nozzles because the ink nozzles of the opposing nozzle plates are not directly opposite to each (FIGS. 4-6).
In one embodiment, the over-spray can accumulate on the opposing nozzle plate and is subsequently drawn into the ink nozzles. This reduces ink waste in normal edge-to-edge ink jet printing. No additional ink removal or cleaning is required on the opposing nozzle plate. Details of removing excessive ink on nozzles plate are disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 10/749,622 “Drop ejection assembly” by Barss et al, filed Dec. 30, 2003, commonly assigned U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 10/749,829 “Drop ejection assembly” by Hoisington et al, filed Dec. 30, 2003, commonly assigned U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 10/749,816 “Drop ejection assembly” by Bibl et al, filed Dec. 30, 2003, and commonly assigned U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 10/749,816 “Drop ejection assembly” by Batterton et al, filed Dec. 30, 2003, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The described system is beneficial to duplex printing on narrow ink receivers such as wood slats for blinds and connector pins for masking. In printing such narrow ink receivers, it is difficult to size the image and guide the ink receiver to achieve the edge-to-edge coverage. Conventionally, over-sprays that miss the narrow ink receiver need to be removed. The described system overcomes both issues while providing duplex printing. The described system is compatible with ink receivers such as shaded blinds, faux wood laminates, and possibly masking connector pins. It will also be useful for backlit applications on translucent films.
In another embodiment, the proximity of nozzle plates 401-404 and nozzle plates 501-504 can produce a saturated vapor environment between the nozzle plates during printing. The high vapor concentration between the nozzle plates 401-404,501-504 and the receiver 60 reduce the rate of evaporation which enables the use of faster drying inks. The use of fast drying inks reduces image artifacts such as ink mottling and coalescence, which is beneficial to high throughput printing applications.
The first ink jet print head assembly 20 and the second ink jet print head assembly 30 can respectively receive mirror images of a same image from computer 250 so that symmetric image patterns can be printed on the top and the lower surfaces of ink receiver 60. Furthermore distinct images can also be printed on the top and the lower surfaces of ink receiver 60.
In another embodiment, during periods of non-printing, the ink jet print heads 21-24, and 31-34 can periodically fire ink drops at each other to maintain nozzles in wet states, which is especially useful to print heads comprising solvent based inks. As described above, the ink drops are captured by the opposing nozzle plates and sucked back into the ink nozzles. The mode of ink nozzle maintenance further reduces system down time and improves throughput of the duplex ink jet printing system.
Ink types compatible with the bulk degassing system include water-based inks, solvent-based inks, dye-based inks, pigment-based inks, and hot melt inks. The ink fluids may include colorants such as a dye or a pigment. Other fluids compatible with the system may include polymer solutions, gel solutions, solutions containing particles or low molecular-weight molecules.

## Claims

1. A fluid ejection system, comprising:
a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction, the receiver transport system further configured to transport a receiver having a maximum receiver width;
a first fluid ejection head comprising a first set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver, the first set of fluid ejection nozzles distributed in a first region that is at least as wide as the maximum receiver width and is substantially parallel to the first direction;
a second fluid ejection head comprising a second set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver;
a first mechanism that adjusts a position of the first fluid ejection head; and
a computer to control the first mechanism to adjust the position of the first fluid ejection head such that the first set of fluid ejection nozzles in the first fluid ejection head are not directly opposing to the second set of fluid ejection nozzles in the second fluid ejection head and such that each nozzle of the first set of fluid ejection nozzles alternately points to a gap between nozzles of the second set of fluid ejection nozzles before the first fluid ejection head ejects fluid drops on the receiver, and control the first fluid ejection head to simultaneously eject fluid drops on the receiver and over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width.

2. The fluid ejection system of claim 1, wherein the computer controls the first fluid ejection head to deposit fluid drops from edge to edge on the first surface of the receiver.

3. The fluid ejection system of claim 1, wherein the first fluid ejection head comprises a first nozzle plate wherein the first set of fluid ejection nozzles is formed.

4. The fluid ejection system of claim 3, wherein the second fluid ejection head comprises a second nozzle plate that is substantially facing the first nozzle plate, wherein the second set of fluid ejection nozzles is formed in the second nozzle plate.

5. The fluid ejection system of claim 4, wherein the second set of fluid ejection nozzles are distributed in one or more rows spanning a second swath width that extends at least up to an edge of the second surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction.

6. The fluid ejection system of claim 4, wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to the first nozzle plate or the second nozzle plate.

7. The fluid ejection system of claim 1, wherein the first set of fluid ejection nozzles are distributed in one or more rows spanning a first swath width that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction.

8. The fluid ejection system of claim 1, wherein the computer controls the second fluid ejection head to deposit fluid drops from edge to edge on the second surface of the receiver.

9. The fluid ejection system of claim 1, wherein the first fluid ejection head produces a first fluid pattern on the first surface of the receiver and the second fluid ejection head produces on the second surface of the receiver a second fluid pattern that is a mirror image of the first fluid pattern.

10. The fluid ejection system of claim 1, wherein the first surface and the second surface are on the opposite sides of the receiver.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second mechanism that adjusts a position of the second fluid ejection head,
wherein the computer controls the second mechanism to adjust the position of the second fluid ejection head such that the second set of fluid ejection nozzles are not directly opposing to the first set of fluid ejection nozzles before the second fluid ejection head ejects fluid drops on the receiver, and controls the second fluid ejection head to simultaneously eject fluid drops on the receiver and over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the second mechanism holds the second ink jet print head stationary while the second ink jet print head ejects fluid drops on the receiver.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first mechanism holds the first fluid ejection head stationary while the first fluid ejection head ejects fluid drops on the receiver.

14. A duplex ink jet printing system, comprising:
a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction, the receiver system further configured to transport a receiver having a maximum receiver width;
a first ink jet print head comprising a first set of ink nozzles distributed in a first region that extends at least up to an edge of the maximum receiver width that is substantially parallel to the first direction; and
a second ink jet print head comprising a second set of ink nozzles;
a first mechanism that adjusts a position of the first ink jet print head; and
a computer to control the first mechanism to adjust the position of the first ink jet print head such that the first set of ink nozzles in the first ink jet print head are not directly opposing to the second set of ink nozzles in the second ink jet print head and such that each nozzle of the first set of ink nozzles alternately points to a gap between nozzles of the second set of ink nozzles before the first ink jet print head ejects fluid drops on the receiver, and control the first fluid ejection head to simultaneously eject fluid drops on the receiver and over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width.

15. The duplex ink jet printing system of claim 14, further comprising a second mechanism that adjusts a position of the second ink jet print head,
wherein the computer controls the second mechanism to adjust the position of the second ink jet print head such that the second set of ink nozzles are not directly opposing to the first set of ink nozzles before the second ink jet print head ejects fluid drops on the receiver, and controls the second ink jet print head to simultaneously eject fluid drops on the receiver and over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width.

16. The duplex ink jet printing system of claim 15, wherein the second mechanism holds the second ink jet print head stationary while the second ink jet print head ejects drops on the receiver.

17. The duplex ink jet printing system of claim 14, wherein the first mechanism holds the first ink jet print head stationary while the first ink jet print head ejects fluid drops on the receiver.

18. A method of fluid delivery, comprising:
transporting a receiver having a maximum receiver width in a first direction;
adjusting a position of a first fluid ejection head such that a first set of fluid ejection nozzles are not directly opposing to a second set of fluid ejection nozzles in a second fluid ejection head and such that each nozzle of the first set of fluid ejection nozzles alternately points to a gap between nozzles of the second set of fluid ejection nozzles;
depositing fluid drops on the first surface of the receiver up to an edge of a first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction by the first set of fluid ejection nozzles;
simultaneously ejecting over-spray outside the edge of the first surface; and
depositing fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver by the second set of fluid ejection nozzles.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising depositing fluid drops by the first set of nozzles from edge to edge on the first surface of the receiver.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first set of fluid ejection nozzles are distributed in one or more rows spanning a first swath width that extends at least up to an edge of the first surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the second set of nozzles are distributed in one or more rows spanning a second swath width that extends at least up to an edge of the second surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction.

22. The method of claim 18, further comprising depositing fluid drops by the second set of nozzles from edge to edge on the second surface of the receiver.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the first set of fluid ejection nozzles are formed in a first nozzle plate and the second set of fluid ejection nozzles are formed in a second nozzle plate.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second nozzle plate is substantially parallel to the first nozzle plate.

25. The method of claim 18, wherein the first surface and the second surface are on the opposite sides of the receiver.

26. The method of claim 18, wherein the first fluid ejection head is an ink jet print head.

27. The method of claim 18, further comprising adjusting a position of the second set of fluid ejection nozzles such that the second set of fluid ejection nozzles are not directly opposing to the first set of fluid ejection nozzles;
depositing fluid drops on the second surface of the receiver up to an edge of the second surface that is substantially parallel to the first direction by a second set of fluid ejection nozzles; and
simultaneously ejecting over-spray outside the edge of the second surface.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising holding the second fluid ejection head stationary while the second fluid ejection head deposits fluid drops on the second surface of the receiver.

29. The method of claim 18, further comprising holding the first fluid ejection head stationary while the first fluid ejection head deposits fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver.

30. A fluid ejection system, comprising:
a receiver transport system configured to transport a receiver in a first direction, the receiver system further configured to transport a receiver having a maximum receiver width;
a first fluid ejection head comprising a first set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a first surface of the receiver;
a second fluid ejection head comprising a second set of fluid ejection nozzles to deposit fluid drops on a second surface of the receiver;
a first mechanism that adjusts a position of the first fluid ejection head; and
a computer to control the first mechanism to adjust the position of the first fluid ejection head such that some nozzles of the first set of fluid ejection nozzles over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width and such that the first set of fluid ejection nozzles are not directly opposing to the second set of fluid ejection nozzles and such that each nozzle of the first set of fluid ejection nozzles alternately points to a gap between nozzles of the second set of fluid ejection nozzles before the first fluid ejection head deposits fluid drops on the receiver, and control the first fluid ejection head to simultaneously deposit fluid drops on the receiver and over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width.

31. The fluid ejection system of claim 30, further comprising a second mechanism that adjusts a position of the second fluid ejection head,
wherein the computer controls the second mechanism to adjust the position of the second fluid ejection head such that some nozzles of the second set of fluid ejection nozzles over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width and such that the second set of fluid ejection nozzles are not directly opposing to the first set of fluid ejection nozzles before the second fluid ejection head ejects fluid drops on the receiver, and controls the second fluid ejection head to simultaneously eject fluid drops on the receiver and over-spray outside the edge of the maximum receiver width.

32. The fluid ejection system of claim 31, wherein the second mechanism holds the second fluid ejection head stationary while the second fluid ejection head deposits fluid drops on the receiver.

33. The fluid ejection system of claim 30, wherein the first mechanism holds the first fluid ejection head stationary while the first fluid ejection head deposits fluid drops on the receiver.