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# Research Highlights

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                              -    									How two record-shattering years of megafires in California affected wildlife habitat							  			In just two years, one hundred vertebrate species experienced burning over at least 10 percent of their ranges.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Gavin M. Jones, Jessalyn AyarsState(s)California 
                              -    									Comparative genetic responses of two fish species to dam removal							  			After two dams were removed, genetic variation spatially related to migration timing changed in Steelhead populations, but not in Chinook salmon.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Alexandra FraikState(s)Washington 
                              -    									Pine snags persist for different durations depending on conditions after a beetle epidemic							  			The last pine standing: certain types of snags in different areas last longer, providing longer-term habitat value for woodpeckers.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Jonathan G. Dudley, Victoria A. Saab, Matthew A. DresserState(s)Montana 
                              -    									Strengthening the global native seed supply: Divergent approaches and convergent solutions 							  			Scientists analyzed the success of current native seed supply systems from around the world to provide guidance and inspiration for future native seed markets.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Nancy L. Shaw 
                              -    									Have fire regimes and fire effects changed in Sonoran desert scrublands?							  			Learn about historical and contemporary fire regimes in Sonoran desert scrub communities and how individual plant species respond to fire through recently published syntheses in the Fire Effects Information System. 		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Kristin L. Zouhar, Robin J. Innes, Olga Helmy, Ilana AbrahamsonState(s)ArizonaCalifornia 
                              -    									 Bacterial denitrification drives elevated nitrous oxide emissions in arid southern California drylands							  			Despite dry and hot summers, denitrifiers endure through months in deserts and produce large nitrous oxide emissions after rainfall.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Alexander KrichelsState(s)California 
                              -    									Scaling up biochar production from forest slash: Overcoming barriers and seizing opportunities							  			Uncovering and addressing the challenges in biochar production from forest residues for improved forest health, fuels mitigation, and carbon sequestration.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Derek Pierson, Nathaniel (Nate) Anderson, Nehalem C. Clark, Dan W. McCollum, Jeffrey "Frenchy" T. Morisette, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Carlos Rodriguez-FrancoState(s)ColoradoMontanaUtahArizonaOregonIdaho 
                              -    									Rethinking cost-share programs in consideration of economic equity: A case  study of wildfire risk mitigation assistance for private landowners 							  			Low-income households may have the most to gain from wildfire mitigation cost-share programs, as they have the greatest financial need and tend to be the most vulnerable to wildfire hazards. Do financial incentives alone encourage low-income households to participate in such programs?		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Patricia A. ChampState(s)Colorado 
                              -    									Pollen nutrition structures bee and plant community interactions							  			Differences in pollen nutrition among plant species can predict bee visitors and support pollinator diversity.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Anthony D. VaudoState(s)NevadaCalifornia 
                              -    									Genotypes from lower latitudes are less susceptible to insect herbivory							  			Latitude of genotype origin predicts susceptibility to insect herbivory and level of physical defenses across populations of switchgrass.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Robert W. HeckmanState(s)Texas 
                              -    									Understanding the nuances of fuels: Balancing forest structural complexity and crown fire hazard							  			By teasing out the relative importance of vertical and horizontal tree structure in fire behavior, researchers suggest ways to help forest managers meet the dual goals of reducing crown fire hazard and increasing forest structural complexity.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Mike A. Battaglia 
                              -    									Factors that affect retention of federal interagency hotshots in the Western United States							  			Research on Interagency Hotshot Crews using workforce data from 2012 to 2018 found that the more additional days Hot Shots were assigned on fires during the year, the more likely they were to stay on the job. 		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Erin J. Belval 
                              -    									Policy and regulations for mobile biochar production in the U.S.							  			Major barriers to biochar production are discrepancies in the interpretation of air quality policies and lack of clarity around necessary regional permits when using in-woods methods.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Carlos Rodriguez-Franco, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Derek Pierson 
                              -    									Genetic analysis reconstructs lamprey taxonomy 							  			Scientists reconstructed the taxonomy of Lamprey using DNA analysis		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Kellie Carim, Michael K. YoungState(s)Oregon 
                              -    									Climate Change Drives Productivity of U.S. Forests							  			Around the world, forests are critical land-based carbon sinks (places where carbon is pulled from the air and stored). NRS scientists wanted to know if climate change is affecting the productivity of U.S. forests in different regions of the country which could, in turn, decrease their effectiveness as carbon sinks. They used modeling techniques to estimate productivity trends for eastern and western U.S. forests.		Year			2024		Research StationNorthern Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Grant M. Domke 
                              -    									Bryophytes, land use and hurricanes in the Luquillo Experimental Forest							  Year			2024		Research StationInternational Institute of Tropical Forestry**Principal Investigator(s):** Tamara Heartsill ScalleyState(s)Puerto Rico 
                              -    									How do thinning, prescribed fire, and wildfire affect future wildfire severity? 							  			New meta-analysis summarizes how fuel treatments and previous wildfire affect subsequent wildfire severity across different forest types and fire weather conditions.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Kimberley T. Davis 
                              -    									Occurrence of benzene polycarboxylic acids in ash and streamwater after the Cameron Peak Fire							  			Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) may serve as tracers for wildfire impacts as these compounds are present in postfire ash runoff and streamwater, and surface runoff transports these compounds from burned hillslopes into aquatic environments where they may potentially enter water supplies.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Charles (Chuck) C. Rhoades, Timothy FegelState(s)Colorado 
                              -    									Review of fuel treatment effects on fuels, fire behavior and ecological resilience in sagebrush ecosystems in the western U.S.							  			We reviewed the causes of altered fire regimes in sagebrush landscapes, summarized literature on treatments in sagebrush ecosystems that modify 1) shrub fuels, 2) pinyon and juniper canopy fuels, and 3) fine herbaceous fuels, and discussed the effects of these treatments on fuels, fire behavior, and resilience and resistance.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Jeanne C. Chambers, Alexandra K. Urza, Matt C. Reeves, Karen C. Short 
                              -    									Prioritizing restoration and risk reduction landscape projects with the ForSys planning system							  			The ForSys spatial planning system was developed by USDA Forest Service Research and Development to modernize agency tools to prioritize forest and fuel management investments and understand tradeoffs among alternative scenarios.		Year			2024		Research StationRocky Mountain Research Station**Principal Investigator(s):** Michelle A. Day, Alan Ager 

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