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******************************************************ROBERT MCMILLION v. COMMISSIONER OF CORRECTION (AC 35308)
DiPentima, C. J., and Alvord and Keller, Js. Argued April 23—officially released August 5, 2014 (Appeal from Superior Court, judicial district of Tolland, Solomon, J. [motion to consolidate]; Cobb,

J. [judgment].)
Michael Zariphes, assigned counsel, for the appellant (petitioner).
Rocco A. Chiarenza, assistant state’s attorney, with whom, on the brief, were David I. Cohen, state’s attorney, and James M. Bernardi, supervisory assistant state’s attorney, for the appellee (respondent).Opinion KELLER,J. Thepetitioner, RobertMcMillion, appeals from the judgment of the habeas court denying his second amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus. On appeal, the petitioner claims that the court abused its discretion in denying his petition for certification to appeal and argues that the habeas court improperly (1) granted the motion to dismiss brought by the respondent, the Commissioner of Correction, for the petitioner’s failure to make a prima facie case pursuant to Practice Book § 15-81 on his claim that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to advise him adequately with regard to a pretrial plea offer, and (2) failedto findthathistrial counselhadrenderedineffective assistance by failing to advise him adequately with regard to the pretrial plea offer. We conclude that the habeas court abused its discretion in denying certification to appeal and that the habeas court improperly granted the respondent’s motion to dismiss. Accordingly, we reverse thejudgment and remand the case to thehabeas courtforanewtrial onthepetitioner’s claim that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance when advising him as to whether to accept or to reject the plea offer.
The following facts and procedural history are relevant to our resolution of the petitioner’s claims. On September 16, 2007, the petitioner struck the victim, Ivan Flores, in the head multiple times with a baseball bat.2 The state charged the petitioner with the crime of assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-59 (a) (1). On June 1, 2009, ajury found the petitioner guilty of assault in the first degree, and the trial courtsentencedhimto eightyears ofincarceration followed by five years of special parole with special conditions. This court affirmed his conviction on direct appeal. State v. McMillion, 128 Conn. App. 836, 17 A.3d 1165, cert. denied, 302 Conn. 903, 23 A.3d 1243 (2011). Thereafter, the petitioner filed the present habeas action in which he alleged that both his trial and appellate attorneys had rendered ineffective assistance.3
On May 3, 2012, the petitioner filed the operative second amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus in which he alleged that his trial counsel, Attorney Jon Imhoff, rendered ineffective assistance by failing: (1) to call certain witnesses for the defense; (2) to investigate the evidence and/or the state’s witnesses adequately prior to trial; (3) to advise the petitioner properly regarding the state’s pretrial plea offer; (4) to procure the petitioner’s medical records and present them as mitigating evidence; and (5) to procure an expert witness to testify concerning the petitioner’s medical condition in order to mitigate his culpability. Therespondentfiledanansweranddeniedthepetitioner’s claims.OnNovember6, 2012, thehabeas courtheldahearing at which the petitioner testified as the only witness on hisbehalf. Astothethird claimofineffective assistance of trial counsel regarding Imhoff’s advice concerning the plea offer, the petitioner testified that he had been represented by Imhoff at the criminal trial and met with him on four occasions priorto trial. The petitioner claimed that, prior to trial, Imhoff conveyed to him a plea offer by the state that would require that he spend five years inprison.4 He testified that when Imhoffconveyed the plea offer, ‘‘He told me

. . . [t]he plea bargain was five years. He told me if I took it to trial, I would get five, mandatory. He never explained to me that if I was to take it to trial, that the five mandatory
was the minimum, that I could get up to twenty years. He never explained that to me. He told me that it was [a] five [year] plea bargain, and if I was to go to trial, it would be five, mandatory, and I kept telling him, I said, Well, there’s no mandatory sentence in the state of Connecticut for this charge.5 He told me

. . . Listen. I know. I’m the attorney here.’’ On the basis ofImhoff’s alleged explanation, the petitioner decidedto rejectthe plea offer, concluding that he was not taking a risk by proceeding to trial because he would spend five years in prison regardless of whether he pleaded guilty or
was convicted and sentenced after a trial. He indicated that Imhoff never advised him whether to accept or reject the five year offer. The petitioner stated that Imhoffdidnotexplainuntiljuryselectionbeganthat, by going to trial, he faced a five year mandatory minimum sentence andthathismaximumexposure onthe charge of first degree assault was twenty years in prison. At that point, the petitioner claimed, he asked Imhoff to determine ifthepleaoffer‘‘was still onthetable.’’ Upon inquiry, Imhoffadvisedhimthatthe offerno longerwas available. The petitioner testified that had he known a rejection of the plea offer exposed him to a maximum penalty of twenty years in prison if he was convicted after trial, he would have accepted the state’s offer. Following the petitioner’s habeas testimony, he rested without calling any further witnesses. In addition, thetranscripts ofhisunderlying criminaljurytrial, including the sentencing proceeding, and the decision in his direct appeal were, by agreement of the parties prior to the start of the trial, admitted as full exhibits. Prior to calling any witnesses, the respondent orally movedtodismissthepetitionatthecloseofthepetitioner’s case.6 The respondent argued that the petitioner failedto showanyevidence ofImhoff’s deficientperformance. Specifically,therespondentarguedthattheonly evidence presented was that the alleged five year plea offer had been made, and that the petitioner received
an eight year sentence after rejecting the offer and was foundguiltyattrial. Therespondentassertedthat, given the posttrial result, a sentence ofeight years incarceration followed by five years special parole, Imhoff hada better assessment of the worth of the case in terms ofan ultimate prison sentence than did the prosecutor, and that it was entirely reasonable for the petitioner to reject a five year plea offer in exchange for proceeding to trial and being exposed to an additional three years in prison at that time.
In response, the petitioner argued that his own testimony as to what Imhofftold him, along with his understanding of counsel’s advice, demonstrated ineffective representation and established a prima facie case to survive the respondent’s motion to dismiss. The petitioner acknowledged that ‘‘of course, the court can believe him or not believe him

. . . but right now, as it stands,’’ the petitioner’s testimony was sufficient to prevent dismissal ofhis claim ofineffectiveness on the basis of the adequacy of counsel’s advice concerning the pretrial plea offer. ‘‘InStrickland v. Washington, [466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984)], the United States Supreme Court established that for a petitioner to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, he must show that counsel’s assistance was so defective
as to require reversal of [the] conviction

. . . . That requiresthepetitionerto show(1)thatcounsel’sperformance was deficient and (2) that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense

. . . . [A] successful petitioner must satisfy both prongs

. . . [and the] failure to satisfy either

. . . is fatal to a habeas petition.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Perez v. Commissioner ofCorrection, 150 Conn. App. 371, 377–78, 90 A.3d 374 (2014). The habeas court, in enteringadismissalonthe claimofcounsel’sineffective assistance as to advice regarding the plea offer, relied
on the recent United States Supreme Court decision in Missouri v. Frye, U.S. , 132 S. Ct. 1399, 182 L. Ed. 2d 379 (2012), as to the standard for establishing ineffective assistance in the context of a rejection of a pretrial plea offer. On the basis ofthat case, the habeas court ruled that the petitioner had failed to present a prima facie case that he was prejudiced by Imhoff’s alleged deficient performance because he had not presented any evidence that the trial court would have accepted the terms of the plea offer had it been presented to that court. The habeas court then ‘‘directed [a] verdict’’7 against the petitioner on his claim that he
was improperly advised on the plea offer.8 The habeas court subsequently denied the petitioner certification to appeal andthis appealfollowed. Additionalfacts and procedural history will be set forth as necessary. The petitioner claims that the habeas court abused its discretion in denying certification to appeal on the ground that the habeas court improperly dismissed his claim concerning ineffective assistance during the plea bargaining process due to its misinterpretation of the UnitedStates Supreme CourtdecisioninFrye

. Thepeti-tioner maintains that, based upon a proper application of Frye, he presented sufficient evidence to survive a dismissal. We agree that the court’s denial of certification to appeal constituted an abuse of discretion and that the court improperly dismissed the petitioner’s

case. We begin by setting forth the applicable standard of review and procedural hurdles that a petitioner must surmount to obtain appellate review ofthe merits of a habeas court’s denial of a habeas petition following denial of certification to appeal. ‘‘In Simms v. Warden, 229 Conn. 178, 187, 640 A.2d 601 (1994), [our Supreme Court] concluded that

. . . [General Statutes] § 52-470 (b) prevents a reviewing court from hearing the merits of a habeas appeal following the denial of certification to appeal unless the petitioner establishes that the denialofcertificationconstitutedanabuse ofdiscretion by the habeas court. In Simms v. Warden, 230 Conn. 608, 615–16, 646 A.2d 126 (1994), [our Supreme Court] incorporated the factors adopted by the United States Supreme CourtinLozadav.Deeds, 498U.S. 430, 431–32, 111 S. Ct. 860, 112 L. Ed. 2d 956 (1991), as the appropriate standard for determining whether the habeas court abused its discretion in denying certification to appeal. This standard requires the petitioner to demonstrate that the issues are debatable among jurists of reason; that acourt could resolve the issues [in adifferent manner]; or that the questions are adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.

. . . A petitioner who establishes an abuse of discretion through one ofthe factors listed above must then demonstrate that the judgment of the habeas court should be reversed on its merits.

. . . In determining whether the habeas court abused its discretion in denying the petitioner’s request for certification, we necessarily must consider the merits ofthe petitioner’s underlying claims to determine whether the habeas court reasonably determined that the petitioner’s appeal was frivolous.’’ (Emphasis omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Tutson v. Commissioner of Correction, 144 Conn. App. 203, 214–15, 72 A.3d 1162, cert. denied, 310 Conn. 928, 78 A.3d 145 (2013). ‘‘The conclusions reached by the trial court in its decision to dismiss [a] habeas petition are matters of law, subject to plenary review.

. . . [When] the legal conclusions ofthe court are challenged, [the reviewing court] must determine whether they are legally and logically correct

. . . and whether they find support in the facts that appear in the record.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Grantv. CommissionerofCorrection, 121 Conn. App. 295, 298, 995 A.2d 641, cert. denied, 297 Conn. 920, 996 A.2d 1192 (2010).
The petitioner argues, and the respondent concedes, that a reasonable jurist could conclude that the petitionerpresentedenoughevidenceto survive adismissalofhis claim that Imhoffrendered ineffective assistance when conveyingthepretrialpleaoffer.9 Forthe reasons that follow, we agree with the parties that the habeas court abused its discretion in denying certification to appeal.
The legalprinciples governing atrial court’s decision to dismiss a claim for failure to present a prima facie
case pursuant to Practice Book § 15-8 are well settled. ‘‘A prima facie case, in the sense in which that term is relevant to this case, is one sufficient to raise an issue to go to the trier of fact.

. . . In order to establish a prima facie case, the proponent must submit evidence which, if credited, is sufficient to establish the fact or facts which it is adduced to prove.

. . . In evaluating the [granting of] a motion to dismiss, [t]he evidence offered by the plaintiff is to be taken as true and interpreted in the light most favorable to [the plaintiff], and every reasonable inference is to be drawn in [the plaintiff’s] favor.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Winn

v. Posades, 281 Conn. 50, 54–55, 913 A.2d 407 (2007);
see also Lapointe v. Commissioner ofCorrection, 113 Conn. App. 378, 388, 966 A.2d 780 (2009). ‘‘Whether the plaintiffhas established aprimafacie case entitling the plaintiffto submit a claim to atrier offact is a question of law over which [this court’s] review is plenary.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Winn v. Posades, supra, 55.
ThehabeascourtreliedontheUnitedStates Supreme Court decision in Missouri v. Frye, supra, 132 S. Ct. 1399, to dismiss the petitioner’s claim that Imhoff rendered ineffective assistance when conveying the pretrial plea offer. Specifically, the habeas court interpreted Frye to require the presentation of direct evidence ‘‘that the trial court would have accepted [the terms of the] plea had it been brought to the court

. . . .’’ Frye and its companion case, Lafler v. Cooper, U.S. , 132 S. Ct. 1376, 182 L. Ed. 2d 398 (2012), held that habeas petitioners can establish a violation of their sixth amendment right to counsel by proving thatthere is ‘‘areasonableprobability [that] theywould have accepted the

. . . plea offer had they been afforded effective assistance of counsel.’’ Missouri v. Frye, supra, 1409; see alsoLaflerv. Cooper, supra, 1384 (‘‘[i]n the context of pleas a defendant must show the outcome ofthe pleaprocess would have been different with competent advice’’).
The petitioner in Lafler was similarly situated to the petitioner here. He claimed that due to the inadequate advice ofcounsel, he rejected aplea offer, went to trial and that his sentence, imposed after conviction, was
more severe than the rejected plea offer. Laflerv. Cooper, supra, 132 S. Ct. 1383. InLafler, the Supreme Court held that in those circumstances, in orderto satisfythe Strickland prejudice prong, a petitioner ‘‘must show that but for the ineffective advice of counsel there is areasonable probability that the plea offer would have been presented to the court (i.e., that the defendant would have accepted the plea and the prosecution would not have withdrawn it in light of intervening circumstances), that the court would have accepted its terms, and that the conviction or sentence, or both, under the offer’s terms would have been less severe than underthejudgment and sentence that in fact were imposed.’’ (Emphasis in original.) Id., 1385.
InFrye, the United States Supreme Court elaborated
on how prejudice could be established from an objectivestandpointwithoutplacinganextremeburdenupon the courts and litigants to routinely call judges and prosecutors to the witness stand. Under Frye, the test forwhetheratrial courtwouldhave acceptedtheterms of a plea agreement is an objective test that does not require direct evidence as to what an individual trial judge would have done in a given case. Rather, this determination ofprejudice must be made by assessing whether a ‘‘reasonable trialjudge would have accepted the sentence

. . . .’’ Ebron v. CommissionerofCorrection, 307Conn. 342, 360, 53A.3d983 (2012), cert. denied sub nom.Arnonev. Ebron, U.S. , 133 S. Ct. 1726, 185 L. Ed. 2d 802 (2013). In Frye, the court stated: ‘‘It

can be assumed that in mostjurisdictions prosecutors andjudges are familiar with the boundaries of acceptable plea bargains and sentences. So in most instances it should not be difficult to make an objective assessment as to whether or not aparticular fact or intervening circumstance would suffice, in the normal course, to cause prosecutorial withdrawal or judicial nonapproval of a plea bargain. The determination that there is or is not a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceeding would have been different absent counsel’s errors can be conducted within that framework.’’ Missouri v. Frye, supra, 132 S. Ct. 1410.
The habeas court in the present case analyzed the petition in accordance with its interpretation of Frye and Lafler. It does not appear that the court relied on the recent decision of our Supreme Court in Ebron v. Commissioner of Correction, supra, 307 Conn. 342, which was released prior to the time that the court rendered its decision and is directly applicable to the present case. Ebron analyzed the impact of both Frye and Lafler
on habeas claims concerning ineffective assistance of counsel related to advice concerning plea offers. In Ebron, the court stated: ‘‘[W]e must address what appears to be a possible tension between Frye and Lafler

. Specifically, under Frye, the habeas court is requiredto considerinformation thatwould have come to the trial court’s attention after the defendant would have accepted the plea offer but before he would have been sentenced in determining whether the petitioner
wasprejudicedbythedeficientperformanceofcounsel.. . . The court in Lafler, however, declined to rule out the possibility that a habeas court may be permitted to consider such information when exercising its discretion in crafting a remedy.

. . . If the habeas court already has determined, however, that the petitioner
was prejudiced because it is reasonably probable that thetrialcourtwouldhaveimposedthesentenceembodied in the plea offer even in light of an intervening circumstance, such as the court’s review of a [presentenceinvestigation] reportoravictimimpactstatement, it is difficult to understand why the court should be permitted to consider such a circumstance again when it exercises its discretion to determine whether the imposition ofthat sentence is the appropriate remedy.

. . . Accordingly, in order to avoid potentially conflicting findings at the prejudice and remedy stages of a habeas proceeding in a lapsed plea case, we conclude that, to establish prejudice, a petitioner need establish only that (1) it is reasonably probable that, if not for counsel’s deficient performance, the petitioner would have accepted the plea offer, and (2) the trial judge would have conditionally accepted the plea agreement if it had been presented to the court.’’ (Citations omitted; emphasis omitted; footnotes omitted.) Id., 354–58. A conditional acceptance of a plea occurs prior to the sentencinghearing. SeeStatev. Thomas, 296 Conn. 375, 389, 995 A.2d 65 (2010) (trial court’s acceptance ofplea agreement necessarily contingent upon results of presentence investigation report); Practice Book § 43-10 (‘‘[b]efore imposing a sentence

. . . [1] [t]he judicial authority shall afford the parties an opportunity to be heard and, in its discretion, to present evidence on any matter relevant to the disposition, and to explain or controvert the presentence investigation report

. . . or any other document relied upon by the judicial authorityin imposing sentence,’’ and [2] considerstatements ofvictim and [3] defendant). The Supreme Court in Ebron noted that a trial court lacks the authority to unconditionallyacceptaguiltypleapriorto considering the results of a pending presentence investigation report and indicated that in most cases, when a habeas court finds prejudice underthe standard previously set forth, ‘‘that court should order the trial court to determine the proper remedy in light of any information concerning the crime or the petitioner that would have
come to light between the acceptance ofthe plea offer and the imposition of the sentence

. . . .’’ Ebron v. CommissionerofCorrection, supra, 307Conn. 358. The court in Ebron adopted this bifurcated procedure to provide ‘‘greater protections to habeas petitioners who have received ineffective assistance of counsel during the plea agreement process than those contemplated inLafler.’’ Id., 355 n.7. This standard, providing greater protection to the petitioner, governs. Although in this case no direct evidence was presented from ajudge, prosecutor, or defense counsel asto what the trial court would have done if it had been presented with a five year plea agreement, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the petitioner,
a reasonablejurist could have concluded that the petitioner presented sufficient circumstantial evidence, through his testimony and exhibits, to survive dismissal.10 Viewing the petitioner’s testimony as truthful and drawing ‘‘every reasonable inference

. . . in [his] favor’’; (internal quotation marks omitted) Winn v. Posades, supra, 281 Conn. 55; a reasonablejurist could have concluded that the petitioner had satisfiedStrickland’s prejudice prong because he demonstrated that it was reasonably probable that, if not for counsel’s deficientperformance, hewouldhaveacceptedtheplea offer, and that the trialjudge would have conditionally accepted the plea agreement if it had been presented to the court. Specifically, viewing all ofthe petitioner’s testimony as true, a reasonablejurist could have found that Imhoffhad incorrectly advised the petitioner right up untilthe first day ofjury selection, thatImhofffailed to advise the petitioner ofthe maximumpenaltyforthe charged offense, and that Imhoff misled the petitioner to believe that he would not risk exposure to any additional prison time should he take the case to trial and lose. A reasonable jurist, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the petitioner, could have found that but forthe ineffective advice ofcounsel, there was
a reasonable probability that a reasonable trial court, presented with the plea agreement requiring the petitioner to serve five years in prison, would have conditionally accepted it. As the discrepancy between the five year plea offer and the petitioner’s ultimate sentence afterbeing convicted attrial was onlythree years of incarceration, a reasonable jurist, viewing the evidenceinthelightmostfavorabletothepetitioner, could infer that the plea offer was not unduly lenient in light of the petitioner’s conduct and, therefore, that a trial court would have conditionally accepted the terms of the plea agreement.11 We note that, under Ebron, whether a presentence investigation report, a victim impact statement, or some other intervening occurrence prior to sentencing but subsequent to the conditional acceptance of the plea might have impacted on theultimatesentencearefactorsthat‘‘shouldbeconsidered at the remedy stage, not when the habeas court is determining whether there was prejudice.’’ Ebron v. Commissioner ofCorrection, supra, 307 Conn. 360.
We conclude that the petitioner has demonstrated that whether he presented sufficient evidence to establishaprimafacie caseforineffectiveassistanceofcounsel on the basis of improper advice as to whether to accept or reject a plea offer is debatable amongjurists of reason, that a court could resolve the issue differently, or that the question raised deserves encouragement to proceed further. Lozada v

. Deeds, supra, 498 U.S. 431–32; Simms v. Warden, supra, 230 Conn. 616.Consequently, we conclude that the court abused its discretion in denying the petition for certification to appeal on the basis of the claimed improper dismissal of the petition.
Because a certifiable issue exists, we now turn to themerits ofthepetitioner’s claimthatthehabeas court erroneously dismissed his petition for failure to make out a prima facie case. In reviewing the petitioner’s testimonyandotherevidenceinthelightmostfavorable to him, the petitioner established a prima facie case for both deficient performance and resulting prejudice under Strickland

. ‘‘To establish Strickland prejudice a defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been different.

. . . In the context ofpleas a defendant must show the outcome ofthe pleaprocess would have been different withcompetentadvice.’’ (Citationomitted; internalquotation marks omitted.) Lafler v. Cooper, supra, 132 S. Ct. 1384.
The petitioner’s testimony, which must be accepted
as true in ruling on the motion to dismiss, revealed possible deficiencies with respect to Imhoff’s advice regarding the plea offer. The facts and circumstances surrounding the petitioner’s rejection ofthe plea offer,
as explained by him, demonstrate that an inadequate level of information and advice was provided to him by Imhoff on the issue of acceptance or rejection of the plea. In addition, the transcripts ofthe petitioner’s criminaljurytrialproceedings andthis court’s decision in his direct appeal establish that the state had a strong
case against the petitioner, and thus, Imhoff should have been strongly encouraging him to accept the plea offer. The petitioner established aprimafacie case that he had not been advised by counsel of the maximum penalty for the charged offense until the date of trial, and that at that point the plea offer was off the table and no longer available. He established a prima facie
case that he would have accepted a five yearplea offer had he been properly advised by his trial counsel and that the trial judge would have conditionally accepted the resulting agreement had it been presented to the judge. In sum, the petitioner presented a prima facie case, considering both his direct and circumstantial evidence in the light most favorable to him, that there
was a reasonable probability that the plea agreement would have been conditionally accepted by the trial court had he been properly advised by counsel during the pleaprocess, andthatthe agreement’s terms would have been less severe than thejudgment and sentence that were in fact imposed by the court after trial.
The habeas court erred in granting the midtrial dismissal. Althoughthehabeas courtmighthavebeenfree, at the conclusion of the trial, to reject the petitioner’s ineffectiveness claim and deny it on the merits, thecourt should have allowed the case to proceed to a full conclusion.
We now address the proper remedy on appeal, an issue on which the petitioner and the respondent disagree. The petitioner asserts that this court, having found the dismissal inappropriate, should proceed to evaluateonlytheevidencehepresentedinthetruncated habeas trial, fully credit his testimony and exhibits on thebasis ofourreview ofthe coldrecord, and conclude thathe provedtrial counsel’s ineffective assistance due to counsel’s failure to advise the petitioner properly as to the plea offer and the ramifications ofrejecting that offer and going to trial.12 The petitioner maintains that, pursuanttoEbron, shouldwe determine thatheproved that his trial counsel was ineffective, the appropriate remedy is to remand the case to the habeas trial court with orders to grant the petition and then to remand the case backto the trial courtto exercise its discretion to ‘‘place the habeas petitioner, as nearly as possible, in the position that he would have been in ifthere had been no violation ofhis right to counsel,’’ which could involveresentencingthepetitioner,vacatingthe conviction and resentencing the petitioner pursuant to the plea agreement or leaving the conviction and sentence from the trial undisturbed. (Internal quotation marks omitted.)13 H. P. T

. v. Commissioner of Correction, 310 Conn. 606, 615, 79 A.3d 54 (2013). The respondent arguesthatweshouldremandthe caseforanewhabeas trial. We agree with the respondent.
It is axiomatic that ‘‘[a]ppellate courts never act as finders offact.’’ Gould v. Commissioner ofCorrection, 301 Conn. 544, 566, 22 A.3d 1196 (2011). ‘‘[A]n appellate court cannot find facts or draw conclusions from primary facts found, but may only review such findings
as to see whether they might be legally, logically and reasonably found.’’ (Emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) Holleyv. CommissionerofCorrection, 62 Conn. App. 170, 180, 774 A.2d 148 (2001). In this case, because the habeas courtprematurely and succinctly concluded the trial by dismissing the petitioner’s claim for a lack of evidence on the Strickland prejudice prong, other than the court’s conclusion that the petitioner failed to ‘‘demonstrate that there’s a reasonable probability that the plea would have been enteredwithouttheprosecution canceling it orthe trial court refusing to accept it,’’ the record is devoid ofany otherfactual findings orotherrelevant legal determinationsforthiscourttoreview.14‘‘Whetherthe [petitioner]
can sustain his burden past this [early] stage of the proceedings is an entirely different matter and not a question this court needs to answer to resolve this appeal.’’ Sullivan v. Thorndike, 104 Conn. App. 297, 305, 934 A.2d 827 (2007), cert. denied, 285 Conn. 907, 908, 942 A.2d 415, 416 (2008). At the time a court is considering a motion for dismissal for failure to make out a prima facie case, a petitioner is not required toovercome any of the respondent’s defenses. Although
a determination of the truthfulness of a statement is a question of fact for the trier, a trial court would act ‘‘improperly [if] it made findings of fact at this stage instead oftaking the plaintiff’s evidence

. . . as true.’’ Gambardella v. AppleHealth Care, Inc., 86 Conn. App. 842, 851 n.6, 863A.2d 735 (2005). We can onlyspeculate
as to what the habeas court’s factual findings and legal conclusions would have been had it not been required to review the petitioner’s case in the light most favorable to him.15 In addition, the cessation of the trial prevented the respondent from presenting his case.16
A trial court’s normal assessment of a case prior to rendering its decision is never based on a view of the plaintiff’s evidence in only the most favorable light, but rather, is based on a review of all the evidence introduced by each party. In conducting such review, the trial court determines what weight to give specific items of evidence, including deciding which testimony tobelieve andwhichtestimonynottobelieve. Thebasis for a court’s dismissal of a case under Practice Book § 15-8 can never be presumed equivalent to the result that would be achieved after a consideration of a case fully tried on its merits. Thus, it has been uniformly determined that when an appellate court determines that a trial court improperly granted a motion for dismissalpursuanttoPracticeBook § 15-8,theappropriate remedy is to remand the case for a new trial. Thomas

v. WestHaven, 249 Conn. 385, 387, 734 A.2d 535 (1999) (trial court improperly dismissed plaintiff’s case for failing to make out prima facie case and remanded for
new trial), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1187, 120 S. Ct. 1239, 146 L. Ed. 2d 99 (2000); Lapointe v. Commissioner of Correction, supra, 113 Conn. App. 404 (habeas case remandedto habeas court forfurtherproceedings after reversal, in part, ofjudgment of dismissal under Practice Book § 15-8); F.E. Crandall Disposal, Inc

. v. Ledyard, 141 Conn. App. 442, 455, 62 A.3d 544 (2003) (judgment of dismissal for failure to make out prima facie case of fraud reversed and case remanded for
new trial).
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for a new trial solely on the petitioner’s claim, set forth in his amended petition, that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to advise him adequately with regard to the state’s pretrial plea offer.
In this opinion the otherjudges concurred.

1 Practice Book § 15-8 provides in relevant part: ‘‘If, on the trial of any issue of fact in a civil matter tried to the court, the plaintiff has produced evidence and rested, a defendant may move forjudgment of dismissal, and the judicial authority may grant such motion if the plaintiff has failed to make out a prima facie case

. . . .’’

2 This court’s opinion in the petitioner’s direct appeal provides a full description of the facts that the jury reasonably could have found at trial. See State v

. McMillion, 128 Conn. App. 836, 17 A.3d 1165, cert. denied, 302 Conn. 903, 23 A.3d 1243 (2011).

3 The petitioner filed a subsequent habeas petition on October 21, 2011,arising from the same underlying criminal trial. That petition involved a claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel on direct appeal. On April 13, 2012, the habeas court, Solomon, J ., grantedthepetitioner’s motion to consolidate the two petitions under one controlling docket number. On May 3, 2012, the petitioner filed the operative second amended petition, which incorporated the ineffective assistance of appellate counsel claim in the second count. The habeas court dismissed the second count on November 6, 2012. That dismissal is not a subject of this appeal.

4 During cross-examination of the petitioner, the respondent suggested that the state’s file contained information that the pretrial plea offer was actually offered by the trial court, and that the terms of that offer encompassed a ten year prison sentence, suspended after service of five years, followed by a period of probation. The petitioner, however, denied any recollection that the plea offer included a split sentence. Although the respondent’s question is not evidence, it nevertheless suggests that had the habeas trial not ended with ajudgment of dismissal, the respondent might have presented testimony that the terms ofthe plea offer differed from the petitioner’s recollection and that a trial judge was willing to accept a plea agreement that contemplated five years incarceration. In the statement of issues in his briefto this court, the petitioner claimed ineffective assistance of counsel regarding advice as to ‘‘the state’s (and/or the court’s) plea offer

. . . .’’

5 Althoughtherecorddoesnotrevealwhatchargeorchargesthepurported plea offer encompassed, the petitioner was originally charged, tried, and convicted on a sole count of assault in the first degree pursuant to § 53a59 (a) (1). General Statutes § 53a-59 (b) provides in relevant part: ‘‘Assault in the first degree is a class B felony provided

. . . any person found guilty under subdivision (1) of subsection (a) shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which five years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended

or reduced by the court

. . . .’’

6 Initially, the respondent moved to dismiss at the close ofthe petitioner’s

case. When the habeas court questioned the appropriate characterization ofhis motion, however, the respondent offered it as a motion for a directed verdict. We agree with both the respondent and the petitioner that because habeas trials are civil actions and are tried to the court and not a jury, it is more appropriate to move to dismiss pursuant to Practice Book § 15-8 atthe close ofapetitioner’s case. See Grantv. CommissionerofCorrection, 121 Conn. App. 295, 299, n.2, 995 A.2d 641 (as habeas trial is without jury, motion for directed verdict would be more accurately presented as motion for dismissal for failure to make out prima facie case under Practice Book § 15-8), cert. denied, 297 Conn. 920, 996 A.2d 1192 (2010); see also Young

v. Bridgeport, 135 Conn. App. 699, 705 n.7, 42 A.3d 514 (2012) (treating motion for directed verdict in accordance with substance as opposed to label and noting challenge to prima facie case properly raised as motion to dismiss pursuant to Practice Book § 15-8). In addition, Practice Book § 23-29 provides in relevant part: ‘‘Thejudicial authority may, at any time, upon its own motion or upon motion of the respondent, dismiss the petition, or any count thereof, if it determines that

. . . ‘‘(5) anyotherlegallysufficientgroundfordismissalofthepetitionexists.’’

7 See footnote 6 of this opinion.

8 Thehabeascourtalso ‘‘directed [a] verdict’’withregardtothepetitioner’s other allegations oftrial counsel’s ineffectiveness, agreeing with the respondent that the petitioner had failed to meet his burden of establishing that additional witnesses or investigation would have benefited the defense at trial. The petitioner has not challenged the habeas court’s ruling as to these other allegations of ineffectiveness and, therefore, the resolution of these grounds is not at issue in this appeal. See Sotomayor v. Commissioner of Correction, 135 Conn. App. 15, 18 n.1, 41 A.3d 333, cert. denied, 305 Conn. 903, 43 A.3d 661 (2012).

9 The respondent, however, does not concede thatthe evidence presented by the petitioner would require a habeas court, sitting as the ultimate fact finder, to grant the petitioner habeas relief. The respondent’s concession in this appeal has no bearing on the habeas court’s subsequent analysis of either deficient performance or prejudice upon retrial.

10 Thereisno legal distinctionbetweentheprobativevalue ofdirectversus circumstantial evidence, and a petitioner can rely on either to prove his

case. Greene v. Commissioner ofCorrection, 123 Conn. App. 121, 132–33, 2 A.3d 29, cert. denied, 298 Conn. 929, 5 A.3d 489 (2010), cert. denied subnom. Greenev.Arnone, U.S. , 131 S. Ct. 2925, 179L. Ed. 2d 1248 (2011).

11 As noted previously, there was a suggestion by the respondent, during the cross-examination ofthe petitioner, that a trialjudge had offered aplea arrangement that required the petitionerto serve ten years, suspended after five years of incarceration. See footnote 4 of this opinion.

12 The petitioner’s third issue on appeal is, ‘‘Did the habeas court errwhen it failed to find that the petitioner’s trial counsel was ineffective when he failedto correctly, meaningfully, properly, adequately, timelyand effectively advise the petitioner as to the state’s [and/or the court’s plea offer] and the ramifications of rejecting that offer and going to trial?’’ We do not resolve this issue on its meritsbecause, as fully discussedinthis opinion, the proper remedy in this case is to remand the case for a new habeas trial.

13 The petitioner argues, without citation to any authority, that because the habeas court made no mention of its assessment of his credibility, it should be assumed that the court found him credible. This argument is not persuasive in light of the specific requirement that a court, in ruling on a motion to dismiss for failure to make out a prima facie case, must accept the petitioner’s testimony, as well as his other evidence, as true, and is required to draw every reasonable inference in the petitioner’s favor. See Gambardella v. Apple Health Care, Inc., 86 Conn. App. 842, 846, 863 A.2d 735 (2005). The petitioner also contends, again without citation to legal authority, that a remand for anew habeas trial is prejudicial to him because the respondent had a preview of his case during the initial hearing and, as
a result, the respondent will now be better prepared to defend his petition. This is true of every case on appeal that is remanded for a new trial. It couldjust as easily be said that the respondent is now prejudiced because the petitioner has a second opportunity to present his case and to refine andimproveitspresentation. Inaddition, aspreviouslynoted, intheproceedings on remand, the court is bound to apply the Ebron standard to the petitioner’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim.

14 Althoughweagreewiththepetitionerthatnolawrequiresahabeascourt to definitively articulate whether a petitioner’s or other witness’ testimony is credible or incredible, such findings are often integral to habeas trial courts’ decisions.

15 For example, portions ofthe petitioner’s testimony might possibly raise questions as to his credibility: his stated inability to recall events due to a medicalcondition, hisprofessedlackofunderstandingofthepleabargaining processdespitenumerouspriorconvictions, andhisadmissionthatalthough he was unhappy with trial counsel’s advice on the purported five plea year offer and requested new counsel prior to the commencement of his jury trial, he never complained to the trial court that the plea offer had not been adequately explained to him.

16 Practice Book § 15-8 also provides that ‘‘[t]he defendant may offer evidence in the event the motion is not granted, without having reserved the right to do so and to the same extent as ifthe motion had not been made.’’ The rule does not contemplate that the making of such a motion bars the moving party from ever presenting a defense.