HDR1012000170050214951500Farm Labor
HDR2012000170050214951500Farm Labor Narrative

Released February 14, 1995, by the Agricultural Statistics Board.  Estimates
refer to the week of January 8-14, 1995.


                       Number of Workers Slightly Lower

There were 2.43 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during
the week of January 8-14, 1995.  This compares with 2.48 million people during
the January 1994 survey week.  Self-employed farm operators accounted for
1.32 million of the total, along with 346,000 unpaid workers, and
629,000 workers hired directly by farm operators.  Agricultural service
employees working on farms and ranches made up the remaining 140,000 workers.

Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.73 per hour
during the January 1995 survey week.  This rate was up 19 cents from a year
earlier.  Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.28 per hour compared with
$6.11 in January 1994.  Field workers received an average of $6.20 per hour, up
6 cents from the January 1994 survey week.  Livestock workers earned $6.00 per
hour compared with $5.75 a year earlier.

Benefits were provided for 352,000 hired workers.  Farm operators provided
housing for 114,000, meals for 43,000, bonuses for 74,000, health insurance for
161,000, transportation for 41,000, and other benefits for 164,000 hired
workers.

During the survey week of January 8-14, 1995, heavy rains drenched California
and halted virtually all field activities.  The Pacific Northwest also
experienced heavy rainfall.  The northeast quarter of the U.S. had temperatures
much above normal.  Later in the week, severe weather erupted across the
western Gulf Coast States and heavy rain developed in the Southeast which
limited land preparation.  Rain also spread across the Ozark Plateau and into
the Midwest.  In Florida field activities included sugarcane harvest, tending
tobacco beds, and citrus and vegetable harvests.  Texas growers were completing
cotton harvest, shredding stalks, irrigating onions, and harvesting citrus,
vegetables, and pecans.  Midwestern farmers were hauling corn and soybeans to
local elevators to fill January contracts.  As weather permitted, California
had some areas where vegetable and citrus harvests were possible.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For information call Dean Groskurth at (202) 690-3228.  Office hours are
8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.

Sp Sy 8 (2-95)


HDR2012000170050214951500Employment and Wage Rates

             Farm Labor:  Employment and Wage Rates, United States,
                     January 8-14, 1995, with Comparisons 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             : January 9-15,  : October 9-15,  : January 8-14,
       Farm Employment       :      1994      :      1994      :      1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :                      1,000
                             :
Farm Workers                 :     2,340            2,886            2,291
                             :
  Self-Employed              :     1,367            1,490            1,316
  Unpaid                     :       336              516              346
  Hired                      :       637              880              629
    Expected to be Employed  :
    150 Days or More         :       519              592              510
    149 Days or Less         :       118              288              119
                             :
Agricultural Services        :
  Workers Working on Farms   :       140              279              140
                             :
Total Farm & Service Workers :     2,480            3,165            2,431
                             :
                             :                 Dollars per Hour
                             :
Wage Rates for               :
  All Hired Workers 2/ 3/    :      6.54             6.46             6.73
                             :
Method of Pay                :
  Hourly                     :      6.11             6.17             6.28
  Piece-Rate                 :      6.88             7.55             6.87
  Other                      :      7.36             6.93             7.46
                             :
Type of Worker               :
  Field & Livestock Combined :      5.99             6.08             6.12
    Field                    :      6.14             6.16             6.20
    Livestock                :      5.75             5.82             6.00
  Supervisory                :     10.47             9.55            10.03
  Other                      :      8.00             8.15             8.16
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes AK.
2/  Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the
    values are not included in the wage rates.
3/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.



HDR2012000170050214951500Workers on Farms

                   Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State,
                    and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired
               :         :         :        :----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000
               :
NY             :     48                          15
Other 4/       :     42                          21
Northeast I    :     90        43      11        36         31            5
               :
PA             :     70                          15
Other 4/       :     28                           7
Northeast II   :     98        54      22        22         19            3
               :
NC             :     62                          17
VA             :     54                          13
Appalachian I  :    116        71      15        30         22            8
               :
Appalachian II :    157       110      21        26         14           12
Southeast      :     98        64       8        26         20            6
FL             :     77        19       3        55         45           10
               :
MI             :     52                          16
MN             :     94                          15
WI             :    117                          25
Lake           :    263       157      50        56         47            9
               :
Cornbelt I     :    206       143      33        30         25            5
Cornbelt II    :    194       134      27        33         29            4
Delta          :    107        67      18        22         20            2
Northern Plains:    185       124      37        24         20            4
               :
OK             :     78                          12
TX             :    198                          39
Southern Plains:    276       186      39        51         40           11
               :
Mountain I     :     53        29      10        14         13            1
Mountain II    :     45        24       7        14         13            1
               :
AZ             :     26                          11
NM             :     30                           5
Mountain III   :     56        15      25        16         14            2
               :
OR             :     50                          16
WA             :     48                          29
Pacific        :     98        44       9        45         32           13
               :
CA             :    161        29      10       122        100           22
HI             :     11         3       1         7          6            1
               :
US 5/          :  2,291     1,316     346       629        510          119
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers
           by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             :                           40.4                6.58
Other 4/       :                           40.0                7.35
Northeast I    :   39.9        32.3        40.2                7.04
               :
PA             :                           43.0                6.24
Other 4/       :                           36.4                6.82
Northeast II   :   37.3        34.9        40.9                6.40
               :
NC             :                           33.0                6.70
VA             :                           36.0                6.35
Appalachian I  :   27.4        32.4        34.3                6.54
               :
Appalachian II :   25.5        24.6        30.5                5.64
Southeast      :   22.5        27.5        37.7                5.60
FL             :   24.0        31.0        41.0                7.39
               :
MI             :                           37.3                6.55
MN             :                           30.9                6.69
WI             :                           39.0                5.97
Lake           :   38.8        30.3        36.3                6.30
               :
Cornbelt I     :   28.8        29.6        38.6                6.73
Cornbelt II    :   29.4        24.2        37.2                6.46
Delta          :   26.9        32.0        31.9                5.96
Northern Plains:   36.4        27.7        36.8                7.29
               :
OK             :                           30.0                6.50
TX             :                           39.1                5.67
Southern Plains:   29.5        25.7        37.0                5.83
               :
Mountain I     :   33.2        31.2        40.9                6.99
Mountain II    :   31.6        26.3        42.8                6.67
               :
AZ             :                           47.0                7.40
NM             :                           39.9                6.08
Mountain III   :   28.6        20.9        44.8                7.01
               :
OR             :                           35.9                6.96
WA             :                           36.0                7.41
Pacific        :   25.8        25.5        36.0                7.25
               :
CA             :   30.3        27.0        36.0                7.10
HI             :   28.6        29.1        37.6                9.76
               :
US 5/          :   30.8        28.1        37.3                6.73
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers

                  Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State,
                    and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/
     State     :---------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             : 8.07               6.44                  6.75
Other 4/       : 7.00               6.48                  7.30
Northeast I    : 7.40     5.87      6.46     9.46   7.20  7.11    3/       6.93
               :
PA             : 6.67               5.81                  6.52
Other 4/       : 6.53               5.95                  6.89
Northeast II   : 6.63     5.12      5.84     9.30   8.87  6.61    3/       6.16
               :
NC             : 5.95               6.09                  5.75
VA             : 5.87               5.89                  6.10
Appalachian I  : 5.92     6.07      6.00     9.11   7.56  5.89    3/       7.02
               :
Appalachian II : 5.33     5.69      5.51    3/     3/     5.64    3/      3/
Southeast      : 5.44     5.25      5.39    3/      5.67  5.37     6.05    6.19
FL             : 6.54     6.25      6.51    12.50  10.00  6.75     6.70   10.85
               :
MI             : 7.40               6.33                  6.95
MN             : 7.94               6.21                  7.43
WI             : 6.00               5.33                  6.10
Lake           : 6.86     5.56      5.83     8.53   7.50  6.51     5.79    6.09
               :
Cornbelt I     : 6.16     6.28      6.21     9.31   7.01  6.39    3/       7.32
Cornbelt II    : 5.63     6.36      6.07     8.35  3/     6.21    3/       7.12
Delta          : 5.61     5.46      5.54    3/      6.21  5.42    3/       6.54
Northern Plains: 7.31     6.86      6.99    3/      7.58  6.60    3/       7.88
               :
OK             : 5.85               5.85                  6.30
TX             : 5.26               5.29                  5.19
Southern Plains: 5.33     5.45      5.39     8.60   6.52  5.44     5.67    6.25
               :
Mountain I     : 6.60     6.50      6.52     8.69   6.91  7.36    3/       6.84
Mountain II    : 6.53     5.96      6.13     8.44   6.36  6.55    3/       6.73
               :
AZ             : 6.80               6.31                  6.50
NM             : 6.12               5.98                  5.76
Mountain III   : 6.58     5.51      6.20    3/     3/     6.31    3/      3/
               :
OR             : 6.10               6.22                  6.15
WA             : 6.59               6.81                  6.69
Pacific        : 6.43     7.34      6.60    10.65  10.25  6.53     7.58    9.57
               :
CA             : 6.00     6.98      6.17    12.00   9.51  6.07     7.44    9.57
HI             : 8.60    3/         8.55    15.55  3/     8.78    3/      14.10
               :
US 7/          : 6.20     6.00      6.12    10.03   8.16  6.28     6.87    7.46
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level
only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
7/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170050214951500Workers on Farms

         Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State, and United States,
                              October 9-15, 1994 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired
               :         :         :        :----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000
               :
NY             :     65                          28
Other 4/       :     51                          27
Northeast I    :    116        47      14        55         37           18
               :
PA             :     77                          18
Other 4/       :     46                          20
Northeast II   :    123        59      26        38         28           10
               :
NC             :     76                          25
VA             :     48                          13
Appalachian I  :    124        71      15        38         26           12
               :
Appalachian II :    180       125      26        29         15           14
Southeast      :    112        67      13        32         26            6
FL             :     79        18       5        56         48            8
               :
MI             :     83                          24
MN             :    130                          22
WI             :    131                          25
Lake           :    344       179      94        71         43           28
               :
Cornbelt I     :    310       184      67        59         35           24
Cornbelt II    :    257       156      59        42         28           14
Delta          :    127        83      14        30         24            6
Northern Plains:    237       141      58        38         26           12
               :
OK             :     84                          13
TX             :    203                          44
Southern Plains:    287       180      50        57         42           15
               :
Mountain I     :     76        37      14        25         17            8
Mountain II    :     57        27       9        21         16            5
               :
AZ             :     30                          13
NM             :     29                           5
Mountain III   :     59        16      25        18         16            2
               :
OR             :     69                          22
WA             :     81                          53
Pacific        :    150        59      16        75         41           34
               :
CA             :    236        38      10       188        117           71
HI             :     12         3       1         8          7            1
               :
US 5/          :  2,886     1,490     516       880        592          288
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers,
           by Region, State, and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             :                           45.0                6.70
Other 4/       :                           39.0                7.20
Northeast I    :   45.4        35.1        42.1                6.94
               :
PA             :                           41.0                6.01
Other 4/       :                           42.9                6.99
Northeast II   :   43.1        38.3        42.0                6.55
               :
NC             :                           36.7                6.15
VA             :                           38.7                6.11
Appalachian I  :   35.1        34.1        37.4                6.14
               :
Appalachian II :   27.4        30.0        33.8                5.62
Southeast      :   26.4        25.7        34.5                6.18
FL             :   28.0        30.0        37.0                7.20
               :
MI             :                           33.8                6.37
MN             :                           42.2                6.43
WI             :                           35.6                5.56
Lake           :   53.1        36.1        37.0                6.12
               :
Cornbelt I     :   44.8        40.0        40.3                6.43
Cornbelt II    :   45.5        36.9        39.6                5.88
Delta          :   26.8        29.2        40.0                5.34
Northern Plains:   49.5        38.7        48.9                6.50
               :
OK             :                           30.0                6.25
TX             :                           42.5                5.46
Southern Plains:   31.9        28.6        39.6                5.60
               :
Mountain I     :   46.2        39.0        47.7                5.76
Mountain II    :   37.0        33.3        42.9                6.26
               :
AZ             :                           49.0                6.28
NM             :                           42.7                5.93
Mountain III   :   28.1        26.7        47.3                6.19
               :
OR             :                           42.4                6.52
WA             :                           42.0                7.39
Pacific        :   29.5        26.9        42.1                7.13
               :
CA             :   32.4        35.6        43.5                6.71
HI             :   32.4        31.0        38.3                9.93
               :
US 5/          :   39.5        34.8        41.0                6.46
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers

         Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States,
                              October 9-15, 1994 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/
     State     :---------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             : 6.72               6.45                  6.85
Other 4/       : 6.70               6.38                  7.20
Northeast I    : 6.71     5.82      6.42     9.54   8.45  7.02     6.56    6.87
               :
PA             : 6.19               5.60                  6.25
Other 4/       : 6.44               6.28                  6.32
Northeast II   : 6.33     5.22      5.97     9.17   8.25  6.29    3/       7.01
               :
NC             : 5.50               5.66                  5.60
VA             : 5.81               5.82                  5.71
Appalachian I  : 5.62     5.93      5.71     9.10   7.34  5.63     6.72    6.85
               :
Appalachian II : 5.26     5.91      5.51    3/     3/     5.36    3/       6.24
Southeast      : 5.64     6.13      5.75     9.38   7.32  5.94    3/       6.82
FL             : 6.15     6.70      6.22    13.15   9.90  6.17     6.95   10.75
               :
MI             : 6.40               6.30                  6.32
MN             : 6.74               6.23                  7.15
WI             : 6.00               5.27                  5.60
Lake           : 6.47     5.14      5.91     8.76   7.06  6.37     6.85    5.40
               :
Cornbelt I     : 6.17     6.23      6.18     9.35   7.02  6.40     7.34    6.26
Cornbelt II    : 5.80     5.32      5.68     7.39   6.72  5.87    3/       5.87
Delta          : 5.05     5.41      5.13     8.07   6.45  5.02    3/       5.94
Northern Plains: 6.52     5.67      6.29     7.99   7.33  6.73    3/       6.20
               :
OK             : 5.80               5.44                  5.35
TX             : 5.15               5.17                  5.37
Southern Plains: 5.20     5.22      5.21     8.06   6.56  5.37    3/       5.81
               :
Mountain I     : 5.47     5.41      5.45     7.67   6.34  5.82    3/       5.63
Mountain II    : 5.72     5.85      5.78     8.48  3/     6.17    3/       6.39
               :
AZ             : 5.40               5.76                  5.90
NM             : 5.43               5.54                  5.65
Mountain III   : 5.41     6.04      5.70     8.42   8.29  5.86    3/       6.94
               :
OR             : 6.31               6.24                  6.33
WA             : 7.02               7.19                  6.76
Pacific        : 6.83     7.87      6.92     9.64   8.94  6.61     8.03    7.87
               :
CA             : 6.22     6.99      6.28    11.50  10.88  6.09     8.25   10.39
HI             : 8.85    3/         8.81    15.72  3/     9.04    3/      14.45
               :
US 7/          : 6.16     5.82      6.08     9.55   8.15  6.17     7.55    6.93
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level
    only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
7/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170050214951500Workers on Farms

                   Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State,
                    and United States, January 9-15, 1994 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired
               :         :         :        :----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000
               :
NY             :     57                          20
Other 4/       :     37                          15
Northeast I    :     94        46      13        35         30            5
               :
PA             :     82                          16
Other 4/       :     27                           9
Northeast II   :    109        58      26        25         21            4
               :
NC             :     50                          12
VA             :     39                          13
Appalachian I  :     89        55       9        25         20            5
               :
Appalachian II :    185       135      26        24         16            8
Southeast      :    101        63       8        30         25            5
FL             :     97        24       3        70         64            6
               :
MI             :     49                          14
MN             :     93                          10
WI             :     95                          17
Lake           :    237       146      50        41         36            5
               :
Cornbelt I     :    226       163      30        33         29            4
Cornbelt II    :    182       129      29        24         20            4
Delta          :    108        71      12        25         22            3
Northern Plains:    196       140      32        24         21            3
               :
OK             :     74                          11
TX             :    197                          39
Southern Plains:    271       178      43        50         42            8
               :
Mountain I     :     58        33       9        16         15            1
Mountain II    :     45        23       4        18         15            3
               :
AZ             :     26                          13
NM             :     26                           5
Mountain III   :     52        10      24        18         15            3
               :
OR             :     45                          12
WA             :     53                          27
Pacific        :     98        50       9        39         24           15
               :
CA             :    180        40       8       132         97           35
HI             :     12         3       1         8          7            1
               :
US 5/          :  2,340     1,367     336       637        519          118
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers
           by Region, State, and United States, January 9-15, 1994 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         Hours Worked 3/          :
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers
   Region 2/   : Employed  :  Unpaid/  :  Hired   :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             :                           38.5                6.90
Other 4/       :                           41.0                7.25
Northeast I    :   41.0        29.8        39.6                7.05
               :
PA             :                           43.0                5.85
Other 4/       :                           36.1                6.83
Northeast II   :   34.6        34.9        40.5                6.17
               :
NC             :                           33.7                6.06
VA             :                           35.2                6.18
Appalachian I  :   23.9        27.2        34.5                6.12
               :
Appalachian II :   18.7        22.5        28.6                5.45
Southeast      :   22.7        29.4        35.0                6.34
FL             :   19.0        28.0        36.0                6.90
               :
MI             :                           34.9                6.95
MN             :                           38.0                6.50
WI             :                           44.0                5.00
Lake           :   40.5        34.3        39.4                5.92
               :
Cornbelt I     :   26.1        27.5        34.3                6.52
Cornbelt II    :   31.8        28.4        33.4                6.10
Delta          :   24.8        27.7        33.6                5.95
Northern Plains:   35.2        35.7        34.4                6.96
               :
OK             :                           38.0                5.70
TX             :                           40.2                5.44
Southern Plains:   26.6        23.2        39.7                5.50
               :
Mountain I     :   32.8        33.5        43.9                6.39
Mountain II    :   32.4        27.2        41.1                6.19
               :
AZ             :                           44.0                6.39
NM             :                           47.9                6.34
Mountain III   :   31.7        23.2        45.1                6.38
               :
OR             :                           40.5                6.95
WA             :                           39.0                6.65
Pacific        :   22.8        26.6        39.5                6.74
               :
CA             :   32.3        26.1        44.2                7.04
HI             :   31.3        33.3        36.0                9.74
               :
US 5/          :   29.2        29.0        38.7                6.54
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers

                  Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State,
                    and United States, January 9-15, 1994 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/
     State     :---------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             : 6.60               5.88                  7.18
Other 4/       : 7.55               6.13                  7.35
Northeast I    : 7.10     5.35      5.99    10.99   7.83  7.25    3/       6.77
               :
PA             : 6.00               5.46                  6.13
Other 4/       : 6.31               6.21                  6.51
Northeast II   : 6.11     5.38      5.69     9.51   8.94  6.25    3/       6.20
               :
NC             : 5.46               5.69                  5.58
VA             : 5.70               5.73                  5.90
Appalachian I  : 5.56     5.82      5.71     8.72   7.18  5.75    3/       6.58
               :
Appalachian II : 5.08     5.24      5.17    3/     3/     5.37    3/       5.64
Southeast      : 5.72     5.83      5.76    10.98   6.27  5.87    3/       7.18
FL             : 6.37     6.60      6.38    11.65   9.80  6.23     6.90   10.60
               :
MI             : 7.10               6.37                  6.71
MN             : 6.83               5.67                  6.24
WI             : 5.50               4.81                  5.00
Lake           : 6.34     5.17      5.41    11.01   8.96  5.70    3/       6.33
               :
Cornbelt I     : 6.36     5.81      6.05     8.70   6.48  6.32    3/       6.72
Cornbelt II    : 5.80     5.75      5.76     8.98  3/     5.77    3/       6.62
Delta          : 5.53     5.82      5.66     8.85  3/     5.65    3/       6.45
Northern Plains: 6.95     6.28      6.43    10.55   8.42  6.28    3/       7.57
               :
OK             : 5.30               5.60                  5.50
TX             : 4.99               5.03                  5.22
Southern Plains: 5.04     5.31      5.16     8.15   7.53  5.27    3/       6.06
               :
Mountain I     : 5.76     6.09      6.01     7.98   6.38  6.76    3/       6.27
Mountain II    : 5.62     5.51      5.55     9.19  3/     5.62    3/       7.00
               :
AZ             : 5.89               5.83                  5.60
NM             : 5.10               6.01                  5.84
Mountain III   : 5.79     6.08      5.88     9.49   9.93  5.66     7.35    7.32
               :
OR             : 6.35               6.32                  6.50
WA             : 6.23               6.26                  6.02
Pacific        : 6.26     6.34      6.28    10.74   8.69  6.15     7.05    9.11
               :
CA             : 6.30     6.87      6.38    12.86   9.00  6.35     7.00    9.80
HI             : 8.60    3/         8.57    15.31  3/     8.76    3/      13.74
               :
US 7/          : 6.14     5.75      5.99    10.47   8.00  6.11     6.88    7.36
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 17.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Other States in the same region
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level
    only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only.
7/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170050214951500Field and Livestock Workers

               Field and Livestock Workers Combined:  Wage Rates,
                   by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 :      January 9-15, 1994      :      January 8-14, 1995
                 :-------------------------------------------------------------
    Region 2/    :Field :Other :L'stk & :  All  : Field :Other :L'stk & :  All
                 :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 :                       Dollars per Hour
                 :
Northeast        : 5.97   6.93    5.30    5.84    6.71    7.28    5.70    6.21
Appalachian      : 5.11   5.56    5.58    5.47    5.35    6.64    5.73    5.77
Southeast        : 5.36   6.31    6.14    6.21    6.30    6.23    5.67    6.16
Lake             : 7.36   5.51    5.22    5.41    5.96    7.51    5.47    5.83
Cornbelt         : 5.95   6.44    5.75    5.91    6.05    5.92    6.29    6.14
Delta            : 5.49   5.09    5.92    5.66    5.96    5.50    5.10    5.54
Northern Plains  : 6.45  3/       6.45    6.43    7.44   3/       6.73    6.99
Southern Plains  : 5.09   4.98    5.30    5.16    5.39    4.98    5.50    5.39
Mountain         : 5.65   5.91    5.81    5.80    6.71    6.78    5.94    6.26
Pacific          : 6.53   6.33    6.42    6.36    6.41    6.04    7.13    6.29
48 States        : 5.76   6.24    5.72    5.96    6.15    6.24    5.93    6.09
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            All Hired Workers:  Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm
                           by Region and 48 States 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         :        January 9-15, 1994         :        January 8-14, 1995
  Region :---------------------------------------------------------------------
    2/   :Gross Value Sales-$1000's  : All  : Gross Value Sales-$1000's  : All
         :<40  :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         :                           Dollars per Hour
         :
N. East  : 7.35   6.01    5.25   7.16   6.67  7.55   4.96    5.69    7.49  6.80
Appal.   : 5.40   5.43    5.27   6.38   5.83  5.53   5.48    4.72    6.90  6.16
S. East  : 5.66   5.93    6.37   6.86   6.73  7.01   6.81    6.27    6.90  6.85
Lake     : 3.65   4.49    4.93   7.18   5.92  4.04   3.73    5.21    7.24  6.30
Cornbelt : 6.96   5.82    5.90   6.69   6.34  6.39   5.06    6.01    7.07  6.59
Delta    : 5.61   6.47    6.10   5.89   5.95  5.58   5.37    5.21    6.47  5.96
N. Plains: 5.96   5.33    6.81   7.24   6.96  7.60   6.75    6.84    7.56  7.29
S. Plains: 5.33   5.26    5.30   5.72   5.50  6.38   5.32    5.36    6.05  5.83
Mountain : 4.31   6.40    5.66   6.64   6.32  7.24   5.68    6.07    7.20  6.89
Pacific  : 5.70   6.50    6.53   7.10   6.98  5.90   6.60    6.39    7.28  7.14
48 States: 5.55   5.78    5.76   6.86   6.50  6.43   5.43    5.73    7.09  6.70
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Regions Consist of the following States.
      Northeast:  CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT.
      Appalachian:  KY, NC, TN, VA, WV.
      Southeast:  AL, FL, GA, SC.
      Lake:  MI, MN, WI.
      Cornbelt:  IA, IL, IN, MO, OH.
      Delta:  AR, LA, MS.
      Northern Plains:  KS, NE, ND, SD.
      Southern Plains:  OK, TX.
      Mountain:  AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY.
      Pacific:  CA, OR, WA.
      48 States:  All States, excluding AK and HI.
3/  Insufficent data.



                    Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution
                          by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Type of      :    January 9-15,    :  October 9-15,   :  January 8-14,
        Farm        :        1994         :       1994       :       1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    :       Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/
                    :
Field Crops         :         15                  24                 19
Other Crops         :         47                  45                 37
Livestock, Dairy,   :
 & Poultry          :         38                  31                 44
                    :        100.0               100.0              100.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers

                    Hired Workers:  Distribution by Economic
                           Class of Farm, 48 States 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Gross Value    :    January 9-15,    :  October 9-15,   :  January 8-14,
      of Sales      :        1994         :       1994       :       1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    :                Percent of Hired Workers 3/
                    :
Less than $40,000   :          8                   8                 10
$40,000-$99,999     :          9                  11                  9
$100,000-$249,999   :         19                  19                 18
$250,000 and over   :         64                  62                 63
                    :        100.0               100.0              100.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  48 States, excluding AK and HI.
2/  Field and Livestock Workers combined.
3/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.



             Hired Workers:  Distribution by Category, United States,
                               January 8-14 1/ 2/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             : January 9-15,  : October 9-15,  : January 8-14,
                             :      1994      :      1994      :      1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :             Percent of Hired Workers
                             :
Employed on Farms Hiring     :
  1 Worker                   :      16               12               16
  2 Workers                  :      12               12               12
  3-6 Workers                :      21               21               26
  7-10 Workers               :       8               10                9
  At least 11 Workers        :      43               45               37
                             :     100.0            100.0            100.0
                             :
                             :
Payment Method               :
  Hourly                     :      63               70               63
  Piece-Rate                 :       9                8                5
  Other Methods              :      28               22               32
                             :     100.0            100.0            100.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                Hired Workers:  Receiving Benefits, Distribution
                 by Category, United States, January 8-14 1/ 2/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             : January 9-15,  : October 9-15,  : January 8-14,
                             :      1994      :      1994      :      1995
                             :-------------------------------------------------
                             : Number  : Pct  : Number  : Pct  : Number  : Pct
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :  1,000            1,000            1,000
                             :
Benefits 3/                  :
  Housing                    :                    152      17      114      19
  Meals                      :                     71       8       43       7
  Bonus                      :                     80       9       74      12
  Health Insurance           :                    182      21      161      27
  Transportation             :                     47       5       41       7
  Other Benefits             :                    182      21      164      27
  Wages Only                 :                    505      57      277      46
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Excludes AK.
3/  All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category.
    Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement
    benefits, etc.



HDR2012000170050214951500Agricultural Services

                             Agricultural Services

Crew leaders and custom crews provided 140,000 workers for the Nation's farms
and ranches during the week of January 8-14, 1995.  Service workers in
California numbered 54,000 compared with 57,000 during the January 1994 survey
week.  Florida's number of service workers was 13,000 the same as last year.

The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and
Florida were $6.70 and $6.81 per hour, respectively.  Comparable wages in
January 1994 were $6.19 in California and $7.56 in Florida.


      Agricultural Service Workers:  Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates,
                  for California, Florida, and United States 1/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :    Number of Workers    :                       :
      :    Working on Farms     :     Hours Worked      :     Wage Rates 3/
 State:------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :  Jan  :  Oct   :  Jan   :  Jan  :  Oct  :  Jan  :  Jan  :  Oct  :  Jan
      : 1994  :  1994  :  1995  : 1994  : 1994  : 1995  : 1994  : 1994  : 1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      : -------- 1,000 -------    ----- Hours 2/ -----     Dollars per Hour 2/
      :
CA    :  57.0    91.0     54.0    35.4    39.3    31.5    6.19    6.40    6.70
FL    :  13.0     7.5     13.0    31.0    30.0    37.0    7.56    7.50    6.81
      :
US    : 140.0   279.0    140.0
      :------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :                  Method of Pay                  :     Type of Work
      :------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :         Hourly          :      Piece-Rate       :         Field
      :------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :  Jan  :  Oct   :  Jan   :  Jan  :  Oct  :  Jan  :  Jan  :  Oct  :  Jan
      : 1994  :  1994  :  1995  : 1994  : 1994  : 1995  : 1994  : 1994  : 1995
      :------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :                          Dollars per Hours 2/
      :
CA    :  5.56    5.94     6.19    6.75    7.90    6.50    5.75    6.24    6.21
FL    :  6.20    7.14     6.80    7.80    7.25    6.60    7.04    6.95    6.39
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom
    service units such as crew leaders or custom crews.  These statistics are
    not included in the State-Regional tables.
2/  United States data not available.
3/  Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but
    the values are not included in the wage rates.



                              Farm Labor Regions

    Region                   States

      Northeast I              CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT.
      Northeast II             DE, MD, NJ, PA.
      Appalachian I            NC, VA.
      Appalachian II           KY, TN, WV.
      Southeast                AL, GA, SC.
      Lake                     MI, MN, WI.
      Cornbelt I               IL, IN, OH.
      Cornbelt II              IA, MO.
      Delta                    AR, LA, MS.
      Northern Plains          KS, NE, ND, SD.
      Southern Plains          OK, TX.
      Mountain I               ID, MT, WY.
      Mountain II              CO, NV, UT.
      Mountain III             AZ, NM.
      Pacific                  OR, WA.


HDR2012000170050214951500Reliability

                      Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates

Survey Procedures:  These data were collected by the National Agricultural
                    Statistics Service during the last two weeks of January
using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had
a chance of being selected.

Two samples of farm operators are selected.  First, NASS maintains a list of
farms that hire farm workers.  Farms on this list are classified by size and
type.  Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with
greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers.  A second sample
consists of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography.
Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and
identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries.  The
names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the list of
farms; those not found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to
represent all farms not on the NASS list.  This methodology is known as
multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness
of the list.  Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in
California and Florida.  The survey reference week was January 8-14, 1995.


Reliability:  Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an
              estimate based on a sample survey.  Both types affect the
"precision" of the estimates.

Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken.  The sampling
error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible
samples.  An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances
are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together
would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus
two times the sampling error.  The sampling error expressed as a percent of the
estimate is called the relative sampling error.  The relative sampling error
for number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 2.3 percent and
3.5 percent for all hired workers.  The relative sampling error for number of
hired workers generally ranged between 10 and 20 percent at the regional and
published State level.  The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative
sampling error of 1.1 percent.  The relative sampling error was 1.3 percent for
hourly paid workers and .9 percent for the combined field and livestock worker
wage rate.  Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate
generally ranged between 2 and 6 percent at the regional and published State
levels.  Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and
economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level.
The relative sampling errors for hired workers benefits ranged between 5 and
10 percent.

Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys.
They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each
operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and
mistakes in coding or processing the data.  Special efforts are taken at each
step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors.


Revision Policy:  Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time
                  the information is published or the year after the original
publication date.  The basis for revision must be supported by additional data
that directly affect the level of the estimate.  Worker numbers and wage rates
for January and October 1994 were subject to revision with this report.  No
revisions were made but previous data are reprinted in this report for your
information.


HDR2012000170050214951500Index

                                     Index

                                                                          Page

U.S. Workers on Farms and Wage Rates..................................      3


Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S.
  January 1995 .......................................................      4
  October 1994 .......................................................      7
  January 1994 .......................................................     10


Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S.
  January 1995 .......................................................      5
  October 1994 .......................................................      8
  January 1994 .......................................................     11


Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S.
  January 1995 .......................................................      5
  October 1994 .......................................................      8
  January 1994 .......................................................     11


Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages
  January 1995 .......................................................     16
  October 1994 .......................................................     16
  January 1994 .......................................................     16


Other Labor Estimates
  U.S. Distribution of Workers .......................................     15
  Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............     13
  Wage Rates by Econonic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States...     13


Farm Labor Region Map ................................................     17


Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates ..................................     18


Revision Policy ......................................................     18


Beginning in January 1995, the criteria for publishing livestock, supervisor,
and other wage rates was changed to a wage rate weight greater than 2 percent
and a relative sampling error below 10 percent.  Also, worker and wage rate
indexes were discontinued after the October 1994 publication.  A
1990-92=100 all hired wage rate index is published in the quarterly Agriculture
Prices release beginning in 1995.


The May 16th report will have information for the survey week of April 9-15,
1995.  The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired Workers,
Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage Rates for
16 States along with regional and U.S. level information.  State level
information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii,
Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.  The hourly method of
pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be
available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level.  The number of
self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours
worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional
and U.S. level.  Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and
economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level.
The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates
(including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for
Florida and California.


The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on May 16, 1995.


The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in
its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age,
disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status.  Persons with
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the
USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808
(TDD).

To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington,
D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD).  USDA is
an equal employment opportunity employer.

