Table 2. Depositional environments interpreted from carbonate-microlithofacies

Sadlerochit Mountains, northeast Brooks Range, Alaska

[Conodont genera: Ad., Adetognathus; C.?, Cavusgnathus? (includes only C.? tytthus); Cav., Cavusgnathus; De., Declinognathodus; Gn., Gnathodus; Hi.,

Idid., Idiognathoides; Idp., Idioprioniodus; Kid., Kladognathus; Rh., Rhachistognathus; Vo., Vogelgnathus; 1?, assignment to taxon uncertain]

and conodont-biofacies data, Wahoo Limestone, eastern

Hindeodus; Idg., Idiognathodus;

Meters | Carbonate | Abun- | Common Minor Rare Sorting] - Micrit- ] Abrasion | Depositional Environment ‘Conodont Genera
(abw)' | Texture | dant | (10-50%) |  (1-10%) (<1%) ization (Microlithofacies) (includes only genera having more Conodont Depositional Univ. Alaska
(>50%) than 5 specimens in each sample) Biofacies Environment Museum
MISSISSIPPIAN PART OF THE LOWER MEMBER OF THE WAHOO LIMESTONE C2? | Ca. |Gn.| Hi. | Kid] Rh | Vo. (Conodont-based) Sample No.
CAVUSGNATHID BIOFACIES (NEAR RESTRICTED TO OPEN PLATFORM )
13.2 | Grainstone ‘i eq 90 well A moderate | open marine or open platform, 59 8 |9 [10 | cavusgnathid ‘open platform: ‘AK22M16.2
high energy
22 -|Grainstone, | Y 7 x [~A&ead |” O@—_ [moderate |" M | moderate | open marine or open platform, [1] 69 1 ‘cavusgnathid ‘open platform, near | AK2225
packstone moderate to high energy restricted(?)
32 | Grainstone YAR Oe ~ABEQ | moderate [o] moderate | open marine or open platform, 53 16 9 ‘cavusgnathid ‘open platform AK22M35_
moderate energy
42 |Grainstone | YA 3 POKe Q moderate 0 ‘strong | open marine or open platform, 21 ‘cavusgnathid ‘open platform, near ‘AK22M45_
moderate to high energy restricted(?)
47 =|Grainstone | Y * VEIT) ABR ‘moderate [o] ‘moderate | open marine or open platform, |1 | 63 14 ‘cavusgnathid ‘open platform: ‘AK22M50_
moderate to high energy
50.5 |Grainstone | YA * AOS BER ‘moderate Cc moderate | open marine, near restricted [4 | 16 ‘cavusgnathid ‘open platform, near ‘AK22N53.5
Axe platform restricted(?)
CAVUSGNATHID-KLADOGNATHID BIOFACIES (OPEN PLATFORM TO OPEN MARINE)
04 [Packstone | YA OBER Ova poor C _] moderate [open marine to open platform, 108 [67 97 ‘cavusgnathid- ‘open platform to open | AK22M3.4
moderate eneray kladognathid marine
6 |Grainstone, | YA * We ALSXQ_-| moderate | M__ | moderate | open platform, near restricted at |18 30 [14 ‘cavusgnathid- ‘open platform to open | AK22M9
packstone platform Kladognathid marine
7 |Grainstone, | Y Ak | “A&e | OZAxXa | well | moderate | open marine near restricted 68 15 46 [15 ‘cavusgnathid- ‘open platform near AK22Mi0
packstone platform Kladognathid ‘open marine
27 ~=<|Grainstone | Y QAO K Ke moderate Cc moderate | open marine or open platform, {3 | 7 5 10 ‘cavusgnathid- ‘open platform to open | AK22M30
moderate energy Kiadognathid marine
37__|Grainstone, | Y 0 SB moderate |___M___| moderate | open marine or open platform, @ (6 % cavusgnathid- ‘open marine, near open | AK22M40
muddy moderate energy Kiadognathid platform
GNATHODID-HINDEODID BIOFACIES (LOW ENERGY, OPEN MARINE)
53 | Packstone yi Vak Q SABRE poor Cc weak | open marine, low energy 67 [32 [5 ‘gnathodid- ‘open marine, low AK22M56_
hindeodid energy
Meters | Carbonate | Abun- [| Common Minor Rare ‘Sorting Micrit- | Abrasion | —Depositional Environment Conodont Genera
{abw)' | Texture | dant | (10-50%) | (1-10%) (<1%) ization (Microlithofacies) (includes only genera
(250%) having more than 5 Depositional Univ. Alaska
specimens in each sample) Biofacies Environment Museum
PENNSYLVANIAN PART OF THE LOWER MEMBER OF THE WAHOO LIMESTONE Ad. |C.? | De. | Hi. | Rh. (Conodont-based) ‘Sample No.
ADETOGNATHID-RELATED BIOFACIES (NEAR RESTRICTED PLATFORM TO LOW ENERGY, OPEN MARINE)
56 | Packstone- e YX [VACH T &AXQ_ | moderate Cc weak | open to restricted platform 1 415 [19 10 |declinognathodid- | mixed: near restricted to] AK22M59
wackestone, BOEIR adetognathid open platform near
peebeone shoal
59 |Grainstone, | Y | OA & AA BAe | moderate moderate | open marine, moderate energy|61 [37 [58 14 |adetognathid- ‘open marine to open | AK22M62
packstone declinognathodid _| platform.
69 | Packstone Y * fox BERBQ poor [ strong | open marine, low energy 1 [8 18 [10 [hindeodid- ‘open marine ‘AK22M72
{dolomitic) adetognathid
Meters | Carbonate | Abun- | Common Minor Rare Sorting ‘Abrasion | Depositional Environment Conodont Genera
{abw)'] Texture | dant | (10-50%) | (1-10%) (<1%) (Microlithofacies) (Includes only genera having
(250%) more than 5 specimens in each Conodont Depositional Univ. Alaska
sample) Biofacies Environment Museum
PENNSYLVANIAN Ad. [De. Hi. | ldg.| Idp. |Rh. (Conodont-based) ‘Sample No.
UPPER MEMBER OF THE WAHOO LIMESTONE
ADETOGNATHID-RHACHISTOGNATHID BIOFACIES(?) (RESTRICTED TO NEAR OPEN PLATFORM)
246 | Grainstone ° Q OOBIKR {0} verypoor] A strong [Testrictedto open platform | 26 7 23 | adetognathid- open platform, near __ | AK22M249
thachistognathid __| shoal
261.5 | Packstone, OR YRIK Aa very poor i) restricted to open platform 15 18 | adetognathid- Testricted to open ‘AK22M264.5a
_| mudstone thachistognathid | platform
ADETOGNATHID-RHACHISTOGNATHID BIOFACIES (OPEN PLATFORM TO NEAR SHOAL AND SHOAL TO TIDAL CHANNEL)
64 ~=[Grainstone | YA AGEK OXOeq | moderate [eq moderate | open platform, moderate 27 31 | adetognathid- ‘open platform, near ‘AK22M87
energy thachistognathid shoal
113 | Grainstone YR? a0 ke [O) very well A ‘strong | open platform to open marine, | 66 7 142 | adetognathid- shoal to tidal channel | AK22M116
Q high energy, tidal channel(?) thachistognathid
118 | Grainstone kT HYX | &200 |VAOMO | poor C | moderate | open platform, near shoal i 11 | adetognathid- ‘open platform, near | AK22M121
° thachistognathid shoal
157 _| Grainstone O0* |20YH@ 38 moderate [A strong | shoal, near platform 29 34° [adetognathid open platform, near __ | AK22M160
ROIMK thachistognathid __| shoal
203 | Grainstone *e ZOO well A strong | open platform 12 18 | adetognathid- open platform, near __| AK22M206
thachistognathid _| shoal
241 ‘| Grainstone, SAOY | GRX SET) moderate moderate | open platform 13 [5 11 | adetognathid- ‘open platform, near __| AK22M244.
packstone © thachistognathid _| shoal
RHACHISTOGNATHID BIOFACIES (NEAR SHOAL TO OPEN PLATFORM!
95 | Grainstone WYT [HSK OVS well c strong | open platform, near shoal or_| 17 ‘41 [thachistognathid open platform, near | AK22M98
Oe bx¢e} tidal channel shoal
107 | Grainstone, COS [HWYSO B well ry strong | open platform, near shoal, | 36 147 | thachistognathid [open platform, near __ | AK22M110
packstone okxae high energy shoal
257.5 | Grainstone, YA * OSOTRO| SAMOQ ‘poor Cc moderate | open platform, moderate 7 26 | rhachistognathid ‘open platform AK22M260.5
packstone energy
RHACHISTOGNATHID BIOFACIES (SHOAL OR TIDAL CHANNE! )
85 | Grainstone YH RR] ~S00G very well A strong] open platform or tidal channel, | 26 118 [rhachistognathid | shoal or tidal channel _ | AK22M88
high ener
91 __| Grainstone Be (S0YROQ very well A ‘strong | open Tare, Near shoal, or [26 245 | thachistognathid | shoal “AK22M94
{atomized tidal channel, high energy
97 _| Grainstone FO Peal hip STARS well c ‘strong | shoal and (or) tidal channel [7 19 | thachistognathid | shoal or tidal channel _ | AK22M100
e
102 | Grainstone Wk [SYROSe [e} very well c strong | tidal channel or open marine, | 30 130 |thachistognathid | shoal ‘AK22M105
near shoal, high energy
122 | Grainstone IOYS* | OOISQ well A strong open platform, near shoal or | 34 |8 180 | thachistognathid | shoal or tidal channel_| AK22M125
Ge tidal channel, high eneray
RHACHISTOGNATHID BIOFACIES (OPEN MARINE, NEAR SHOAL)
133.5 | Grainstone 4 k [SW He AG moderate | C~ | moderate | open marine to open platform, [36 | 24 192 | thachistognathid | open marine, near shoal] AK22M136.5
BOIAXOS near shoal, moderate energy
ae
187 |Grainstone, [YA | VT |[O0URS7K | KOa | moderate] Cc weak open platform or open marine, | 10 | 33 19 276 | thachistognathid | open marine, near shoal] AK22M190
packstone Be moderate energy
232 |Grainstone | YA kK (ASUS. AROQ well c strong [open marine to open platform, [8 __|7 6 37 [thachistognathid [open marine, near shoal| AK22M235
© moderate energy
Meters | Carbonate | Abun- | Common Minor Rare Sorting | Micrit- | Abrasion | Depositional Environment ‘Conodont Genera
(abw)' | Texture | dant | (10-50%) | (1-10%) (<1%) ization (Microlithofacies) (includes only genera having more than Conodont Depositional Univ. Alaska
(>50%) 5 specimens in each sample) Biofacies Environment Museum
PENNSYLVANIAN ‘Ad. [De. | Hi. | Idg.| Idp. | Idid. | Fh. (Conodont-based) ‘Sample No.
UPPER MEMBER OF THE WAHOO LIMESTONE
DECLINOGNATHODID-RELATED BIOFACIES (OPEN MARINE, NEAR SHOAL)
177 | Grainstone We [AZIOKX O@RaQ poor A moderate | open platform, near shoal, or 23 20 | declinognathodid- | open marine, shoal ‘AK22M180
YS KOO tidal channel(?) thachistognathid _| apron
1975 | Grainstone, | Y ¥* R070} ZO | moderate |" C | moderate | open marine, near shoal 23 8 — |declinognathodid | open marine, near shoal| AK22Ni200.5
ackstone
207 | Grainstone, Y Mek R070) AER | moderate Cc moderate | open marine, near shoal 30 15 [8 ‘declinognathodid- [open marine ‘AK22M210
packstone. to poor idiognathodid
DECLINOGNATHODID-RELATED BIOFACIES (LOW ENERGY, OPEN PLATFORM AND (OR) OPEN MARINE)
142 | Packstone Y OH ka Belay ‘poor 0 ‘moderate | open marine to open platform, | 21 | 15 ‘33° [rhachistognathid- open platform or open | AK22M145
(dolomitized) low eneray adetognathid marine
752 | Mudstone * not 0 not | open marine, low eneray 34 declinognathodid [open marine ‘AK22M155
(dolomitized) applicable applicable
162 | Packstone, YX ae TREO poor c strong | Open marine to open platform, |44 | 47 6 61 | thachistognathid- [open platform or open _| AK22M165
wackestone low energy adetognathid- marine
(Goomitized) deciinognathodid
178_| Packstone YR ZUXKO | A&STR | poor C__| moderate | open marine, low eneray 21 declinognathodid __[ open marine AK22Mi81
217.5 | Packstone OY* OR px4 ‘poor [eo moderate | open marine, low energy 4 75 112 [3 declinognathodid- | open marine ‘AK22M220.5
(dolomitized) idiognathodid
237 | Packstone Ye 0 os poor 0 moderate | open platform to open marine 17 8 ae aoa ‘open marine “AK22M240
fogneniodh
‘250 | Wackestone, YAR not 0 not — | open marine, low energy 7 declinognathodid | open marine ‘Ak22M253
es applicable applicable
CONODONT SAMPLES NOT QUALIFYING FOR BIOFACIES ANALYSIS
Meters | Carbonate | Abun- | Common Minor Fare ‘Sorting | Micrit- | Abrasion |  Depositional Environment ‘Conodont Genera Univ. Alaska
(abw)' | Texture | dant | (10-50%) |  (1-10%) (<1%) ization (Microlithofacies) Museum
(250%) Sample No.
RESTRICTED PLATFORM ‘Ad. [C.? | Cav] De. [Gn. [Hi | ldg. | ldp. | laid | Kid. |Rh. | Vo.
76.8 | Mudstone 0 intertidal to restricted; 1 ‘AK22M79.8
(Golomitized) conodonts confirm
80.8 | Packstone Yeq Ox BO well A strong _| restricted platform; conodonits 9 ‘AK22M63.8
suggest open platform near
shoal
253 [Grainstone, | © ad O&7 xa very well A strong _| restricted platform; conodonts 1 4 ‘AK22M256
mudstone ‘suggest open platform near
shoal
260.5 | Grainstone . x very well A strong | restricted platform; conodonts | 8 9 AK22M263.5
suggest near shoal, open
platform
OPEN TO RESTRICTED PLATFORM
55.5 |Packstone, | A® Ya Oka poor weak | restricted to open platform; 3 2 AK22M58.5
bafflestone conodonts confirm
65 |Grainstone, | YH | Ke Oka @OXO | poorto ‘A | moderate | open to restricted platform, [4 |2 7 ‘AK22M68
packstone weak to weak _| conodonts confirm
74 ‘| Wackestone, Yeo [SHBUR MAT poor ‘weak to | restricted to open platform, low| 1 AK22M77
mudstone, moderate | energy; rarity of cono-donts
packstone suggest restricted to open
platform
765 | packstone Ye AQ @&7XO| moderate [A | moderate | restricted to open platform; T 7 1 [AK22M79.5
=) towell to strong | conodonts confirm
212 | Grainstone, e YRIKR VWOKO | very well A strong | restricted to open platform; 7 ‘AK22M215
mudstone ‘conodonts suggest restricted
to near shoal
OPEN PLATFORM
88 | Packstone, @ xe 0X | poor M weak open platform; 4 ‘AK22M91
wackestone Q conodonts suggest open
(Golomitized) platform near shoal
137 |Grainstone | Y A bod Or AV EAO [moderate R weak | open platform; conodonts 3 9 |2 7 ‘AK22M140
confirm.
167 | Grainstone, SW0Y (F@RS7X DO poor to Cc weak to | open platform; conodonts 1 1? a 7 ‘AK22M169.9
packstone Ho xe moderate moderate | confirm
191.5 | Grainstone, 470 (OYSkRe poor A ‘moderate | open platform; conodonts 12 5 ‘AK22M194.5
bafflestone 0) confirm
222 | Grainstone © . OYIRE 0 well Cc strong | open platform, behind shoal; 3 ‘AK22M225
indet. conodont fragments
243° | Grainstone, nt VAX a SOR ‘poor A weak open platform to open marine [3 5 3 10 ‘AK22M246
backstone
OPEN PLATFORM OR OPEN MARINE TO SHOAL
62 [Grainstone, | WY | @kO [~O0AXKO 78 40 poor to A moderate | open platform near shoal; 5 |2 2 fi2 ‘AK22M65_
packstone e moderate to weak | conodonts confirm
169" | Grainstone AS [SUYHS | TOA [| verywel [A strong | open marine to shoal; 4 7 8 AK22MI72
QI*KKOS to well suggest open
marine to shoal
171 | Grainstone [O} © ° “HES | wellto A strong | shoal to open platform; 4 1 ‘AK22M174
i) very well conodonts confirm
174 | Grainstone SOROlTIOYH Aes moderate Cc moderate | open platform to shoal; 1 1 rj AK22M177
@®EKOCe to poor conodonts suggest open
marine to shoal
181 [Grainstone | 7 =) VERO [OYASXe | very well ‘A | moderate | open platform to shoal; 2 AK22M164
to well conodont data inadequate
182 | Grainstone | 2 ro) Boe very well ‘A | moderate | open platform to shoal; 2 ‘AK22M185
to well conodont data inadequate
227 | Grainstone BOoe | “YOR ay moderate | C strong | open platform behind shoal or | 6 1 ‘AK22M230
tidal channel; conodonts
confirm
SHOAL
173 [Grainstone | © SAYER [TASS] weit A | moderate | shoal; conodonts confirm 3 1 5 ‘AK22M176
Cece
779 | Grainstone fo} Oe O* very well strong | Shoal; conodont data 7 AK22M162
inadequate
180 | Grainstone [o} B60 [FCOYIK well A strong | shoal; conodonts confirm 2 16 AK22M183
Axe
‘OPEN MARINE TO OPEN PLATFORM, LOW ENERGY
17.1 [Packstone * 6 CRO BAX poor to Cc moderate | open marine to open platform, 9 ‘AK22M20.1
ae very poor low energy;
conodonts suggest open
platform
Tabw, above base of Wahoo Limestone.
EXPLANATION
GRAINS MICRITIZATION
SKELETAL NONSKELETAL
‘Algae ® Calcisphere ® ~ Grapestone 0 None
cS) Undifferentiated ® — Foraminifer XX _sIntraclast M_ Minor (1-10%)
gq Archaeolithophyllum sp. €@  Gastropod © Ooid C Common (10-50%)
AU Asphaltina sp. © Oncoid © Superficial ooid | A Abundant (>50%)
a Donezella sp. 7  Ostracode @ ~ Peloid
C — Bioclast, % ~~ Pelmatozoan Qs Quartz
undifferentiated
© Bivalve % Sponge spicule
0 Brachiopod Trilobite
ins
Y Undifferentiated
4 — Fenestrate
a Ramose