How Would You Rate Your Current Level of Morale? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 54.1 51.4 49.8 48.3
<1 week 48.4 55.0 60.1 57.7
1-12 weeks 56.7 53.1 50.3 50.0
13-26 weeks 51.3 476 45.8 43.2
27+ weeks 51.6 45.5 47.2 43.9
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 45.4 45.5 477 44.0
<1 week 411 43.3 50.1 48.4
1-12 weeks 45.4 47.9 44.7 46.0
13-26 weeks 476 42.8 53.6 38.6
27+ weeks 34.9 36.9 43.5 37.7
Other Unit 47.2 47.8 45.4 43.9
<1 week 49.8 48.9 45.9 39.8
1-12 weeks 48.1 47.5 46.3 44.6
13-26 weeks 48.4 48.1 43.3 47.9
27+ weeks 36.8 49.7 32.8 41.2
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 35.3 34.8 33.6 34.8
<1 week 37.9 36.3 32.8 38.1
1-12 weeks 34.9 35.1 32.3 34.7
13-26 weeks 32.4 33.6 40.2 30.6
27+ weeks 33.0 29.9 26.2 35.4
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 33.6 29.2 32.5 34.7
< 1 week 30.7 31.4 33.3 37.7
1-12 weeks 33.9 28.6 34.4 33.7
13-26 weeks 30.4 28.2 28.4 26.9
27+ weeks 22.7 25.9 28.9 37.8
Other Unit 34.5 36.0 37.0 34.1
<1 week 38.0 35.3 36.3 35.4
1-12 weeks 37.3 36.7 41.4 33.3
13-26 weeks 35.5 39.3 30.9 32.0
27+ weeks 50.5 36.2 27.8 32.4



How Satisfied are You with Your Current Job? Satisfied or Very Satisfied

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 71.8 72.9 70.3
<1 week 63.4 75.3 67.3
1-12 weeks 73.2 73.7 71.4
13-26 weeks 71.7 69.7 70.2
27+ weeks 68.3 74.6 69.2
Elsewhere 74.0 76.1 75.0
<1 week 71.2 76.0 72.6
1-12 weeks 75.6 77.9 76.3
13-26 weeks 73.1 74.3 74.0
27+ weeks 67.6 62.7 76.5
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 57.4 56.0 49.5
< 1 week 62.3 60.3 57.6
1-12 weeks 59.5 57.7 46.2
13-26 weeks 54.5 50.8 47.5
27+ weeks 55.7 55.5 50.7
Elsewhere 52.8 57.1 56.1
<1 week 53.9 57.8 57.4
1-12 weeks 52.5 57.7 55.5
13-26 weeks 51.7 57.3 54.2
27+ weeks 54.5 48.5 56.3

K-14



Appendix C: Sampling Errors per Group
Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997

Warrant Officer
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

=
RNAS
anan
Kono
O©NDADO

2LT-CPT

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

=
CRan
NONW
Oana
Naaa

MAJ-COL
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

THO
Rana
DOwn
ODWD

Total Officer
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

NON D
wan
OANA
Awons

Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997

PV2-CPL
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Saww
Onww
ONDA
OOaAwW

=

SGT-SSG
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Onwon
Baoan
onan
OnNAD

SFC-CSM
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Sona
Bown
ODA
DOORN

Total Enlisted
< 1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

ODwonn
Ownn
ALwWwW
QANN

C-1



U.S. Army Research Institute
for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

A Directorate of the U.S. Total Army Personnel Command

EDGAR M. JOHNSON
Director

Technical Review by

Paul A. Gade

Larry W. Brooks

NOTICES

DISTRIBUTION: Primary distribution of this Study Report has been made by ARI.
Please address correspondence concerning distribution of reports to: U.S. Army
Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Attn: TAPC-ARI-PO, 5001
Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria, VA 22333-5600.

FINAL DISPOSITION: This Study Report may be destroyed when it is no longer
needed. Please do not return it to the U.S. Army Research for the Behavioral and Social
Sciences.

NOTE: The findings in this Study Report are not to be construed as an official
Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents.



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

34.0
42.6
31.9
35.8
26.8

35.3
39.8
34.7
33.4
30.9

Slight or None

1995

38.1
40.9
39.7
39.0
21.2

37.5
42.0
34.9
35.1
32.0

1996

32.5
33.9
30.7
28.9
38.6

32.1
35.3
32.0
28.8
30.0

1996

44
37.7
38.3
47.1
40.9

1997

28.7
39.6
36.2
25.5
20.6

341
38.3
33.1
31.7
29.9

1997

35.2
476
36.3
32.7
29.4

37.8
40.9
37.4
30.1
33.3

K-10

1995

35.2
32.6
37.5
33.1
34.5

36.1
31.4
35.9
39.4
50.1

1996

38.8
42.3
41.8
40.4
32.4

40.1
34.9
40.8
43.9
45.0

1997

46.0
36.6
40.5
46.6
54.0

35.8
32.5
35.0
39.9
46.7

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

40.1
42.1
38.9
36.7
53.5

36.9
34.1
38.1
38.5
42.4

1996

33.6
41.8
39.9
27.9
26.4

39.1
37.2
40.0
41.5
38.2

1997

42.4
30.8
44.1
42.0
476

39.0
38.2
37.8
43.6
44.1



Appendix H: Data by Gender

How satisfied are you with the amount of time separated from family?

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 60.6 57.5 53.9 51.8
< 1 week 71.3 64.1 63.7 61.1
1-12 weeks 65.5 64.6 61.5 58.6
13-26 weeks 41.3 41.0 35.6 37.3
27+ weeks 31.3 21.0 20.8 24.6
Female 57.0 49.5 54.2 52.5
<1 week 56.3 55.3 70.6 53.9
1-12 weeks 58.9 51.7 54.4 59.7
13-26 weeks 52.0 33.1 26.1 30.5
27+ weeks 36.8 23.9 0.0 9.7
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 42.3 40.5 40.2 40.4
<1 week 51.9 48.6 47.8 46.5
1-12 weeks 44.9 44.1 42.2 42.2
13-26 weeks 32.6 27.1 30.9 31.6
27+ weeks 19.7 23.4 20.1 26.1
Female 40.2 38.1 413 32.4
< 1 week 42.3 41.0 48.8 40.6
1-12 weeks 43.7 39.8 34.9 24.7
13-26 weeks 29.3 21.0 22.4 17.5
27+ weeks 40.6 23.1 74 7.7



How Supportive is Your Spouse of Your Making a Career of the Army?
Fairly or Very Supportive

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 80.6 79.7 78.3 78.2
<1 week 81.8 76.8 80.1 74.6
1-12 weeks 80.4 81.4 79.8 79.8
13-26 weeks 79.3 77.6 74.9 77.6
27+ weeks 86.2 67.6 71.0 79.5
Female 81.1 79.8 77.3 75.6
<1 week 83.6 79.4 75.5 81.5
1-12 weeks 79.7 79.7 79.2 73.4
13-26 weeks 80.3 81.3 77.3 72.4
27+ weeks 75.7 77.3 63.3 41.9
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 66.6 64.4 62.6 65.9
<1 week 65.3 64.2 63.6 67.0
1-12 weeks 67.1 65.9 63.3 67.3
13-26 weeks 64.7 63.3 60.1 62.3
27+ weeks 67.0 62.8 60.0 64.4
Female 68.5 64.3 64.8 59.6
<1 week 65.1 66.2 63.4 64.6
1-12 weeks 73.8 63.9 72.9 46.2
13-26 weeks 63.7 56.6 50.5 79.1
27+ weeks 65.9 58.9 50.1 50.0

H-12



REFERENCES

Army, 1997, Leadership and change...in a values-based Army.

Fisher, |., 1996, For G.I.’s, More Time Away From Home Fires, New York Times,
December 24, 1996, p 1.

Peterson, M. 1997, Information Paper: Tracking Reasons for Leaving the Army
(Before Retirement). Army Personnel Survey Office, PERI-PS, Sep 30,
1997.

Pine, A. 1996, U.S. Military Highly Rated, but Strains Begin to Show, Los
Angeles Times (Wash. Ed.), March 19, 1996, p 1.

Spence, F.D., 1997, How Ready Are We?, Army Times, May 26, 1997, p 54.

Willis, G.E. 1996a, What's to like about deployments? Plenty, say many. Army
Times, July 1, 1996, p 14, 18.

Willis, G. E., 1996b, On the road again and again and again. Army Times,
July 1, 1996, p 12-14.

Willis, G.E., 1996c, From the top. Army Times, July 15, 1996, p 12-14.

11



How Would You Rate the Current Level of Morale in Your Unit? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 39.6 36.8 36.0 34.1
<1 week 38.9 42.2 38.0 34.9
1-12 weeks 40.0 36.3 37.4 36.8
13-26 weeks 38.9 34.5 32.8 29.1
27+ weeks 34.4 29.5 27.7 26.0
Female 27.2 26.0 26.2 23.9
< 1 week 25.9 25.1 21.7 26.3
1-12 weeks 28.3 26.4 30.7 23.3
13-26 weeks 21.5 27.3 21.2 21.5
27+ weeks 35.3 23.8 10.5 19.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 23.6 20.7 19.7 22.9
<1 week 23.6 22.3 23.0 26.8
1-12 weeks 24.3 21.3 19.0 22.8
13-26 weeks 20.1 16.9 16.4 17.2
27+ weeks 24.2 16.6 13.7 19.7
Female 15.6 13.7 20.8 19.9
<1 week 16.8 14.4 23.1 22.5
1-12 weeks 14.7 13.3 19.1 15.5
13-26 weeks 48 10.9 15.6 9.3
27+ weeks 19.5 10.2 3.1 20.9



Officers 1994 1995

Combat Arms

<1 week 54 58
1-12 weeks 317 236
13-26 weeks 195 181
27+ weeks 34 70
Combat Support/Combat Service Support
<1 week 71 252
1-12 weeks 278 540
13-26 weeks 93 226
27+ weeks 19 60
Other Unit

<1 week 168 459
1-12 weeks 308 754
13-26 weeks 78 176
27+ weeks 18 39
Enlisted 1994 1995
Combat Arms

<1 week 141 150
1-12 weeks 468 297
13-26 weeks 230 176
27+ weeks 58 57
Combat Support/Combat Service Support
<1 week 231 377
1-12 weeks 399 482
13-26 weeks 142 158
27+ weeks 32 57
Other Unit

< 1 week 380 392
1-12 weeks 367 221
13-26 weeks 106 64
27+ weeks 43 29

1996

53
153
159
108

64
196

87

160
238

25

1996

144
220
142

62

184
185
90
61

350
224
75
37

D-3

1997

49
211
175

98

77
215
123

81

163

280

43

1997

176



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Military Job?

Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

32.8 26.4 29.2
37.1 29.4 37.2
33.8 28.6 27.5
25.7 17.7 29.5
32.0 22.9 13.3

31.9 30.2 31.2
40.0 34.2 37.5
30.7 30.4 29.5
29.2 26.2 29.8
29.9 26.3 26.8

12.2 26.4 30.9
24.7 30.1 34.7
9.1 25.2 30.6
25.6 23.7

21.6 33.7

31.2 32.3 33.0
43.7 32.8 41.3
25.8 42.8 33.2
39.6 3.2 12.0

0.0

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

32.7 29.2 33.0
39.0 32.3 40.2
31.7 27.0 24.9
27.7 22.6 29.7
22.5 30.8 36.7

33.1 31.9 36.9
38.4 36.7 38.7
33.9 30.4 37.7
26.5 26.8 31.4
21.7 26.6 34.4

36.1 29.9 32.6
47.4 31.8 34.0
25.9 28.5 33.1
32.0 31.9 25.9
24.4 17.2 34.9

38.9 29.2 35.3
45.5 30.6 39.1
29.6 28.9 25.8
39.8 12.8 45.5
13.6 31.3 35.2

J-8

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

33.3
33.0
31.0
40.0
35.6

33.7
26.5
34.3
37.5
46.9

60.2
54.5
54.0
100.0

41.8
42.3
38.9
25.0

1996

37.2
29.7
33.9
49.8
474

37.4
33.9
37.4
41.7
38.3

36.3
30.0
39.2
37.0
36.3

31.1
11.6
42.5
82.7

1997

36.7
30.3
34.7
418
53.6

33.6
23.7
34.9
38.0
42.2

34.6
33.2
34.9
36.2
35.5

33.3
27.8
26.8
54.4

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

36.0
29.5
38.8
36.4
44.4

34.0
30.0
31.4
40.7
50.4

42.2
31.2
46.9
61.4
56.2

29.7
32.8
29.2
15.5
54.0

1996

41.4
40.7
40.2
47.2
40.1

37.3
32.9
38.5
40.6
45.4

39.0
38.8
38.0
37.8
51.7

40.0
30.6
36.5
72.1
21.4

1997

36.7
35.8
39.0
36.0
36.8

31.2
31.2
29.8
33.5
33.2

36.9
35.5
35.4
43.3
43.2

38.2
32.6
48.5
39.6
31.7



Officers

Married, no children
< 1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
< 1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

1994

37.4
40.0
40.9
44.7

27.9
24.6
25.8
21.7

55.3
56.7
64.7
55.4

40.0
34.0
33.3

0.0

1994

475
44.1
44.8
38.2

29.5
30.4
30.6
36.2

65.8
69.0

63.6

43.8

63.2
90.0

1995

45.3
43.5
51.2
60.0

35.3
28.4
30.5
36.8

50.0
41.7
0.0
0.0

48.0
29.8
45.5
50.0

1995

49.9
45.9
50.2
67.7

34.4
30.5
36.6
39.1

64.1
73.6

60.0

37.6
32.6
31.4
50.0

1996

47.8
37.3
45.9
54.0

25.6
22.4
27.7
36.8

60.7
58.9
68.8
72.7

28.6
23.8
28.6

0.0

1996

45.9
41.4
40.7
49.0

27.1
29.0
28.0
62.6

66.0
656
256
456
43.6

40.0
14.3

E-5

1997

38.2
39.4
51.7
53.6

26.8
24.0
31.5
32.3

58.6
64.6
64.9
73.2

48.0
28.6
40.0
40.0

1997

50.6
45.3
46.4
47.0

35.5
34.9
34.7
35.1

67.7
69.7

18

60.0
35.0
58.3
26.7



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Family/Personal

Life?

Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

57.3
61.4
57.1
58.0
57.0

53.8
59.5
53.5
§2.3
45.1

55.3
56.9
56.3
49.7
56.2

Slight or None

1995

54.5
61.5
55.1
54.3
38.4

54.2
55.9
53.7
52.1
54.3

52.1
53.5
49.8
58.6
38.6

1996

52.1
63.6
49.5
52.5
47.5

53.1
53.9
55.7
47.1
51.5

49.4
49.5
50.9
44.2
51.7

1996

51.8
54.8
476
55.9
54.6

51.7
51.6
51.6
53.6
53.2

50.6
51.5
49.1
52.4
37.5

1997

54.9
57.5
59.8
51.4
45.9

53.2
48.9
57.6
47.8
52.6

1997

52.9
54.2
55.2
50.9
45.4

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

19.5
16.4
18.3
22.7
22.7

23.3
18.1
24.9
21.5
37.8

21.2
19.0
20.6
26.1
24.4

1996

22.3
16.4
23.5
23.0
22.9

22.8
27.7
20.6
22.2
26.7

23.6
23.0
21.9
29.9
29.0

1997

23.4
16.2
21.4
26.7
28.7

25.2
20.2
25.0
29.6
24.8

23.7
22.5
21.2
30.0
41.3

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

25.2
22.9
25.2
23.5
31.9

26.0
27.5
25.3
24.3
28.8

27.7
27.7
28.0
23.9
42.3

1996

27.9
29.1
28.3
25.9
24.3

27.8
28.7
276
26.9
28.1

28.3
29.9
26.6.
22.8
37.2

1997

26.7
25.7
25.5
28.2
31.3

28.1
24.9
27.3
29.6
40.9

27.6
26.8
27.7
31.9
21.9



Appendix E: Percent Leaving or Thinking About Leaving

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer

<1 week 14.0 17.0 20.2 21.1
1-12 weeks 13.6 20.6 18.9 20.2
13-26 weeks 21.1 22.4 25.6 24.4
27+ weeks 14.0 37.5 35.5 32.2
2LT-CPT

<1 week 55.4 60.4 61.0 63.3
1-12 weeks 59.7 59.0 60.6 65.9
13-26 weeks 57.8 61.4 64.5 66.2
27+ weeks 56.0 68.2 66.8 68.7
MAJ-COL

<1 week 21.8 22.2 17.7 15.8
1-12 weeks 17.4 19.2 14.3 17.0
13-26 weeks 18.5 20.2 15.9 20.4
27+ weeks 20.9 27.5 24.4 21.8
Total Officer

< 1 week 38.0 43.8 40.0 38.5
1-12 weeks 34.9 38.1 34.0 36.4
13-26 weeks 40.2 45.3 42.9 44.7
27+ weeks 37.3 55.2 53.0 47.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL

<1 week 69.6 72.6 72.1 71.3
1-12 weeks 73.4 74.8 73.9 74.8
13-26 weeks 72.5 75.1 78.3 81.1
27+ weeks 76.5 74.6 72.6 80.8
SGT-SSG

<1 week 40.9 40.4 37.4 44.6
1-12 weeks 41.6 42.9 44.7 50.1
13-26 weeks 38.2 47.2 51.4 49.2
27+ weeks 411 57.0 49.6 57.3
SFC-CSM

<1 week 6.6 11.0 8.0 12.0
1-12 weeks 9.3 8.9 9.7 12.2
13-26 weeks 10.9 10.3 10.2 17.5
27+ weeks 17.3 14.5 15.9 12.3
Total Enlisted

<1 week 47.7 48.2 45.0 62.3
1-12 weeks 46.2 44.4 42.8 49.5
13-26 weeks 43.3 47.7 42.3 50.0
27+ weeks 44.3 53.7 44.1 45.1

E-1



How Satisfied are You with Your Current Job? Satisfied or Very Satisfied

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 75.4 74.2 72.3
<1 week 75.7 76.4 72.7
1-12 weeks 76.3 776 72.4
13-26 weeks 73.8 70.8 72.0
27+ weeks 74.8 67.5 71.2
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 69.8 75.9 71.6
< 1 week 61.1 75.9 72.3
1-12 weeks 71.1 76.1 70.6
13-26 weeks 74.6 75.8 74.4
27+ weeks 56.9 75.1 67.4
Other Unit 74.5 76.3 76.7
< 1 week 73.0 75.8 72.3
1-12 weeks 77.7 78.3 79.3
13-26 weeks 70.3 74.6 74.3
27+ weeks 66.6 57.9 81.5
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 50.2 51.9 49.8
<1 week 46.5 50.2 49.3
1-12 weeks 50.7 51.3 49.6
13-26 weeks 51.6 54.4 51.6
27+ weeks 57.7 52.5 50.0
Combat Support!

Combat Service Support 51.7 54.6 56.7
<1 week 49.9 54.3 60.7
1-12 weeks 53.1 52.9 55.7
13-26 weeks 51.4 56.8 49.9
27+ weeks 50.3 57.4 55.3
Other Unit 57.1 62.0 58.9
<1 week 65.2 62.0 58.2
1-12 weeks 63.4 66.5 59.7
13-26 weeks 64.1 56.1 58.5
27+ weeks 60.5 41.3 64.9



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Family/Personal Life?

Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

56.1 51.2 54.0
64.4 62.5 55.4
57.2 53.7 57.7
46.6 42.5 46.4
54.4 27.6 48.9

46.9 46.9 49.2
53.4 45.5 53.5
46.3 49.4 50.6
45.6 45.1 43.6
37.4 34.1 39.7

244 48.5 50.7
36.4 50.7 56.4
24.4 51.9 52.8
43.7 42.2
37.1 39.1

31.4 40.3 34.4
29.4 46.4 42.8
34.7 44.8 16.8
24.6 3.2 53.8
55.8 0.0

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

45.6 40.9 44.0
43.7 39.9 48.0
46.9 39.8 43.2
51.3 47.7 40.3
32.1 34.3 38.3

44.2 41.5 478
474 46.0 45.3
44.7 41.0 475
44.1 37.5 49.2
27.3 33.7 53.4

37.6 46.5 48.7
43.4 46.7 46.0
39.2 45.9 49.3

3.9 51.6 50.8
24.4 37.7 53.9

41.9 33.8 44.8
46.1 28.8 54.1
37.8 43.7 39.2
42.1 31.6 11.0
13.6 38.1 §2.5

J-9

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995 1996 1997
19.2 26.7 24.2
15.2 18.9 22.1
18.7 23.8 21.4
23.1 34.4 31.2
24.9 45.0 28.3
25.1 24.7 25.5
21.8 26.9 23.4
25.0 22.1 25.7
26.4 25.9 25.8
35.0 39.1 32.8
15.1 24.3 23.7
21.5 25.2 21.5
14.5 22.7 20.8

24.2 32.1

30.3 31.0

40.7 29.0 33.6

55.8 22.8 32.9

36.8 16.6 35.8

26.4 86.8 24.3

44.2 65.6

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995 1996 1997
32.5 35.9 36.2
31.1 37.4 33.3
34.8 32.0 36.8
26.9 32.7 35.6
41.0 50.7 44.9
29.1 32.7 29.0
29.7 29.2 31.2
27.3 32.8 27.7
28.5 33.3 29.0
39.9 47.1 24.5
38.9 29.4 28.0
33.2 30.3 28.9
34.8 28.9 27.3
51.9 25.9 31.2
56.2 32.5 18.7
25.4 43.4 36.4
22.1 50.9 27.4
34.5 25.9 47.2
10.9 53.2 48.4
67.5 32.8 34.5



How Would You Rate Your Current Level of Morale? High or Very High

Officers

Warrant Officer
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

2LT-CPT
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

MAJ-COL
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Total Officer
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

PV2-CPL
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

SGT-SSG
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

SFC-CSM
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Total Enlisted
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

43.9
46.8
43.6
42.3
39.2

49.8
47.3
52.0
47.3
45.1

49.2
45.4
48.0
58.5
41.2

48.7
46.6
49.3
49.2
42.9

1994

30.8
31.2
30.4
24.4
25.6

34.5
34.6
34.0
32.0
32.6

417
45.9
48.3
46.6
46.0

34.5
34.2
34.2
30.9
32.6

1995

41.8
41.6
43.3
42.1
34.9

50.7
51.0
51.2
48.4
46.8

45.1
44.1
46.6
43.3
46.7

47.5
476
48.3
46.0
44.3

1995

26.3
29.1
24.8
23.8
21.6

344
34.7
34.2
33.0
31.4

48.3
45.1
51.1
51.4
42.6

32.1
33.0
32.1
31.4
28.2

1996

44.7
45.0
43.1
44.3
48.4

46.7
50.7
46.8
45.2
38.5

47.9
45.7
47.3
51.0
44.8

46.8
48.3
46.5
46.7
418

1996

30.1
31.6
31.0
25.3
23.4

36.3
35.5
38.2
39.4
28.6

47.3
46.8
51.2
45.1
37.2

34.8
35.0
36.3
34.3
27.3

F-6

1997

42.5
46.5
44.1
36.3
36.8

44.4
41.8
44.6
46.0
44.3

47.1
46.2
48.7
44.6
37.6

45.0
44.0
46.2
441
41.2

1997

31.0
36.4
278
22.4
29.5

35.3
34.5
36.0
34.1
37.5

44.2
41.7
476
42.5
44.6

34.5
36.5
33.8
30.1
35.5



How Would You Rate Your Current Level of Morale? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 51.7 49.5 56.2 50.6
< 1 week 54.6 45.2 52.5 46.7
1-12 weeks 51.6 54.4 54.3 51.0
13-26 weeks 47.0 53.5 61.5 62.0
27+ weeks 40.5 16.4 76.4 45.4
White 48.4 47.3 45.4 44.4
< 1 week 46.5 47.7 47.5 43.5
1-12 weeks 49.1 48.0 45.9 45.7
13-26 weeks 48.3 45.1 44.5 42.2
27+ weeks 46.9 48.4 38.0 42.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 35.9 36.0 39.3 38.8
< 1 week 35.7 34.9 41.8 38.3
1-12 weeks 35.7 38.8 38.5 42.3
13-26 weeks 30.9 34.9 35.9 39.1
27+ weeks 31.2 27.0 29.0 22.1
White 33.2 28.3 32.1 31.6
<1 week 33.2 28.5 32.0 33.0
1-12 weeks 33.8 27.8 33.8 31.6
13-26 weeks 29.2 29.3 32.5 26.8
27+ weeks 32.8 26.0 24.9 35.4



Figure 1. Officer Responses to “How Satisfied are You with the
Following: Amount of Time Separated from Family?”

Percent Satisfied or Very Satisfied

100
m 1994
80 | 6g 1995
63655, S563 6169 E1996
60 | [1997
4244
40 | 3557 __39
120%
20 |
o|

<1 week 1to12 weeks 13-26 weeks 27+ weeks

Figure 2. Enlisted Responses to “How Satisfied are You with
the Following: Amount of Time Separated from Family?”

Percent Satisfied or Very Satisfied
100

1994

80 1995
B 1996

60 | 56 52 01997

A8,
474845 45444:

40 4 } 32593433 ——_____

21234924

20 |

04 : 1 1

<1week 1to12weeks 13-26weeks 27+weeks



FOREWORD

The U.S. Army is in the midst of challenging times. The U.S. Army has
recently completed a major drawdown in personnel. At the same time, the
number of missions has expanded resulting in an increase in Personnel Tempo
(PERSTEMPO -- defined as a soldier's time away from home station).
Conventional wisdom has it that more missions with fewer soldiers and limited
resources would have a negative impact on soldiers and their families.

A primary mission of the Army Personnel Survey Office (APSO) of the U.S.
Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) is to
provide current data and information on topics of emerging concern to the
leadership of the U.S. Army. The effects of PERSTEMPO are one of these

topics.

The purpose of this study is to examine existing survey data to identify the
impacts of varying amounts of PERSTEMPO on soldiers’ attitudes and career
intentions. The data were obtained from the responses to the spring versions of
the Sample Survey of Military Personnel (SSMP) from 1994 through 1997. The
SSMP is administered to representative samples of Active Component officers
and enlisted personnel twice each year.

The information in this report provides a baseline by which attitudes and
intentions of soldiers in relation to PERSTEMPO may be measured in future
years. It also provides information to policy makers and to leaders on important
changes in soldier attitudes and opinions that may impact retention and
readiness.

fear
DGAR M. JOHNSON
Director



What are Your Current Active Duty Army Career Intentions? Stay

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 93.1 91.0 87.5 90.9
<1 week 92.3 88.6 88.7 90.2
1-12 weeks 93.3 92.0 86.9 90.0
13-26 weeks 92.3 92.7 87.5 91.0
27+ weeks 94.4 84.1 87.5 96.7
2LT-CPT 74.2 778 74.5 71.0
<1 week 71.0 72.6 70.9 67.4
1-12 weeks 73.9 79.5 75.5 70.6
13-26 weeks 79.7 79.9 77.9 75.5
27+ weeks 76.5 73.9 71.5 66.8
MAJ-COL 92.3 93.2 92.5 93.3
<1 week 90.8 91.1 87.3 90.9
1-12 weeks 91.4 93.3 93.9 93.3
13-26 weeks 95.6 95.5 94.0 95.3
27+ weeks 96.9 92.9 88.9 98.0
Total Officer 83.1 84.9 82.4 81.4
<1 week 80.2 80.2 78.5 78.6
1-12 weeks 83.1 86.6 84.1 82.0
13-26 weeks 86.2 86.2 84.3 83.6
27+ weeks 84.9 80.0 78.2 80.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 43.9 43.4 41.0 42.4
<1 week 45.8 43.0 43.2 46.8
1-12 weeks 42.5 43.9 415 38.6
13-26 weeks 44.4 41.2 34.7 39.5
27+ weeks 38.4 47.6 37.8 40.8
SGT-SSG 79.1 79.9 77.5 76.9
<1 week 76.9 82.6 76.5 75.8
1-12 weeks 79.4 80.4 79.6 76.7
13-26 weeks 80.3 76.2 774 80.0
27+ weeks 7A 721 71.5 73.3
SFC-CSM 94.1 95.6 93.2 94.4
<1 week 96.5 93.9 95.6 91.9
1-12 weeks 93.2 97.3 92.6 97.8
13-26 weeks 94.1 94.7 93.5 93.0
27+ weeks 92.5 97.0 81.5 92.0
Total Enlisted 63.6 63.7 61.3 62.6
<1 week 61.9 62.2 61.1 62.5
1-12 weeks 63.4 65.4 62.2 61.7
13-26 weeks 67.5 63.3 61.8 63.8
27+ weeks 66.0 63.6 57.6 63.8

F-3



How Would You Rate Your Current Level of Morale? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 50.3 48.7 48.0 47.0
<1 week 49.9 49.9 51.5 46.6
1-12 weeks 50.8 49.6 47.4 48.5
13-26 weeks 50.0 46.4 46.9 44.5
27+ weeks 45.1 44.7 42.2 42.3
Female 37.4 39.1 39.2 32.3
<1 week 33.8 38.1 34.4 33.1
1-12 weeks 38.2 39.0 41.3 30.6
13-26 weeks 40.0 41.2 44.4 39.9
27+ weeks 16.8 41.2 33.3 19.8
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 35.6 33.1 35.0 35.4
<1 week 35.8 34.6 35.0 38.0
1-12 weeks 35.2 33.2 36.8 34.8
13-26 weeks 32.6 31.9 34.8 31.1
27+ weeks 32.2 28.0 27.3 35.6
Female 26.5 25.7 33.3 28.9
<1 week 28.0 26.6 34.8 31.5
1-12 weeks 25.3 23.7 32.8 25.6
13-26 weeks 8.5 24.2 25.0 14.9
27+ weeks 39.8 32.3 26.5 34.4

H-6



Appendix I: Data by Ethnic Group

How satisfied are you with the amount of time separated from family?

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 63.0 58.7 57.9 58.8
<1 week 68.1 51.6 72.9 61.0
1-12 weeks 68.3 68.8 56.8 63.0
13-26 weeks 60.0 42.9 49.3 47.2
27+ weeks 26.5 1.6 0.0 40.2
White 59.7 56.8 53.9 51.6
<1 week 72.2 64.3 63.4 58.8
1-12 weeks 63.8 63.3 61.7 59.6
13-26 weeks 38.3 42.1 33.0 35.6
27+ weeks 33.2 21.4 20.3 22.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 42.5 38.9 MAA 38.3
<1 week 44.4 45.0 49.6 46.0
1-12 weeks 47.8 39.4 39.2 34.4
13-26 weeks 29.9 24.0 26.7 30.8
27+ weeks 20.5 25.1 9.9 12.9
White 414 41.0 40.5 40.2
<1 week 53.4 51.0 48.8 46.3
1-12 weeks 43.3 46.4 42.8 41.7
13-26 weeks 31.2 25.7 32.1 31.4

27+ weeks 19.5 22.2 18.3 26.3



PERSTEMPO: Its Effects on
Soldiers’ Attitudes

Cathie E. Alderks
U.S. Army Research Institute

United States Army Research Institute
for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

June 1998

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

“DTIC QUALITY INGPROTED 1

£50 92808661



In General, How Well Has Your Family Adjusted to the Demands of Being an “Army
Family”? Well

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 79.1 78.4 76.0 75.9
<1 week 74.6 72.4 72.6 73.8
1-12 weeks 82.4 82.3 78.8 76.7
13-26 weeks 77.3 76.7 74.7 78.0
27+ weeks 63.2 59.9 65.9 69.8
Married, children 88.1 87.8 87.1 86.4
<1 week 89.1 85.9 84.5 83.9
1-12 weeks 89.8 89.8 89.5 89.2
13-26 weeks 84.3 85.5 83.6 83.2
27+ weeks 70.4 76.4 86.1 80.7
Not married, children 73.7 T4A

<1 week 74.8 80.4

1-12 weeks 76.8 69.2

13-26 weeks 77.1 63.4

27+ weeks

Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 60.4 59.5 57.4 52.5
<1 week 61.6 61.0 58.6 54.1
1-12 weeks 62.9 58.4 56.9 52.8
13-26 weeks 61.7 62.2 60.5 49.0
27+ weeks 43.0 61.2 50.5 53.2
Married, children 74.9 744 74.5 73.2
<1 week 77.3 74.0 75.7 74.7
1-12 weeks 75.9 75.8 75.7 74.0
13-26 weeks 72.4 76.6 68.7 69.8
27+ weeks 66.8 58.4 73.6 71.7
Not married, children 59.7 65.3

<1 week 58.0 63.3

1-12 weeks 63.3 59.1

13-26 weeks 74.0 84.5

27+ weeks 78.3



Study Report 98-02
PERSTEMPO: Its Effects on Soldiers’ Attitudes

Cathie E. Alderks
U.S. Army Research Institute

Army Personnel Survey Office
Morris P. Peterson, Chief

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
5001 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22333-5600

June 1998
a
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

iii



How Satisfied are You with Your Current Job? Satisfied or Very Satisfied

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 724 74.5 72.3
<1 week 70.8 74.0 71.1
1-12 weeks 72.6 76.4 73.3
13-26 weeks 70.6 72.9 70.6
27+ weeks 71.7 64.5 73.8
Married, children 76.5 79.0 78.5
<1 week 71.9 80.7 77.41
1-12 weeks 78.6 80.4 80.7
13-26 weeks 75.2 74.3 76.0
27+ weeks 68.2 71.9 73.5
Not married, no children 69.9 70.6 68.3
<1 week 69.1 71.0 63.8
1-12 weeks 71.4 71.4 68.2
13-26 weeks 69.8 73.8 71.3
27+ weeks 61.8 62.2 71.4
Not married, children 56.6 74.3 74.9
<1 week 32.1 71.1 79.4
1-12 weeks 66.8 83.0 69.5
13-26 weeks 63.8 67.4
27+ weeks 91.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 51.0 55.2 57.3
<1 week 51.3 53.9 61.3
1-12 weeks 52.2 58.6 53.4
13-26 weeks 47.8 53.8 61.0
27+ weeks 55.5 52.3 51.1
Married, children 60.2 62.6 60.7
<1 week 63.4 62.9 60.9
1-12 weeks 60.1 62.4 61.9
13-26 weeks 58.3 63.6 58.1
27+ weeks 56.4 59.0 62.0
Not married, no children 46.7 51.2 48.1
<1 week 475 54.5 52.3
1-12 weeks 46.5 51.0 477
13-26 weeks 46.6 45.8 40.2
27+ weeks 46.9 38.0 45.8
Not married, children 58.2 58.3 57.5
<1 week 61.5 58.0 58.3
1-12 weeks 53.1 63.8 58.4
13-26 weeks 47.1 55.8 50.1
27+ weeks 58.3 46.3 56.8

J-14



Appendix D: Number Leaving or Thinking About Leaving

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer

<1 week 16 33 26 30
1-12 weeks 61 94 45 49
13-26 weeks 40 39 33 40
27+ weeks 7 15 22 39
2LT-CPT

<1 week 222 703 214 217
1-12 weeks 669 1205 433 500
13-26 weeks 286 494 254 299
27+ weeks 56 137 177 156
MAJ-COL

< 1 week 57 146 38 42
1-12 weeks 181 352 112 162
13-26 weeks 43 72 37 53
27+ weeks 9 19 22 27
Total Officer

<1 week 295 882 278 289
1-12 weeks 911 1651 590 711
13-26 weeks 369 605 324 392
27+ weeks 72 171 221 222
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL

<1 week 591 948 §24 658
1-12 weeks 859 821 419 527
13-26 weeks 290 295 170 198
27+ weeks 7 106 77 80
SGT-SSG

<1 week 151 264 129 141
1-12 weeks 333 348 165 184
13-26 weeks 159 158 108 94
27+ weeks 44 49 62 71
SFC-CSM

< 1 week 26 80 37 45
1-12 weeks 71 81 54 59
13-26 weeks 32 29 31 40
27+ weeks 18 12 21 19
Total Enlisted

<1 week 768 1292 690 844
1-12 weeks 1263 1250 638 770
13-26 weeks 481 482 309 332
27+ weeks 137 167 160 170

D-1



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Military Job?

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Officers 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Black 48.4 39.0 39.3 21.8 31.3 28.1
<1 week 54.4 44.8 41.7 22.0 28.5 25.6
1-12 weeks 49.5 39.2 37.4 21.9 28.6 31.5
13-26 weeks 37.2 31.5 27.1 19.2 39.8 23.7
27+ weeks 33.8 22.6 51.4 22.1 37.5 31.7
White 29.9 26.4 29.4 34.5 38.6 35.7
<1 week 35.4 28.8 34.6 30.9 32.4 30.0
1-12 weeks 29.7 27.6 28.6 33.2 38.4 34.7
13-26 weeks 26.6 21.5 27.8 40.4 45.0 40.7
27+ weeks 26.4 21.7 21.0 41.4 42.7 45.8

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Enlisted 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Black 40.2 36.9 39.6 28.8 32.4 31.9
< 1 week 41.8 40.3 40.0 30.2 31.2 35.2
1-12 weeks 40.2 29.9 37.9 25.7 33.6 29.9
13-26 weeks 39.3 42.7 40.4 28.2 34.9 21.8
27+ weeks 28.4 33.7 29.5 38.5 25.1 42.6
White 29.2 27.5 31.1 38.4 a8 36.9
<1 week 32.9 31.1 35.7 35.2 38.8 34.5
1-12 weeks 29.1 26.7 30.3 37.1 41.3 36.6
13-26 weeks 25.3 23.2 26.4 41.6 43.4 41.6
27+ weeks 26.1 25.9 29.6 49.4 52.8 38.5



What are Your Current Active Duty Army Career Intentions? Stay

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 88.5 89.3 88.5 85.5
<1 week 87.7 83.4 83.5 81.6
1-12 weeks 88.2 93.3 87.6 85.9
13-26 weeks 96.1 96.5 97.3 97.2
27+ weeks 82.6 72.3 96.2 81.3
White 83.0 84.8 81.9 81.3
< 1 week 81.1 79.5 78.4 78.9
1-12 weeks 82.8 86.5 83.7 82.0
13-26 weeks 84.6 85.3 82.5 82.5
27+ weeks 90.9 80.4 78.4 79.8
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 71.6 74.6 70.7 71.7
<1 week 68.3 70.3 69.5 70.1
1-12 weeks 75.4 78.5 71.1 72.7
13-26 weeks 72.3 79.7 68.4 76.9
27+ weeks 72.9 64.0 77.2 69.3
White 60.3 59.0 58.2 58.2
< 1 week 59.0 57.2 57.3 57.7
1-12 weeks 59.5 61.0 58.4 56.7
13-26 weeks 64.3 57.6 60.8 61.5

27+ weeks 64.8 61.4 55.3 60.8



differences based on time away from duty station for warrant officers were not
statistically significant. Officers who have been away 13 or more weeks (38%-
49%) were more likely than officers who have been away less than one week
(32%-35%) to report high, very high, or extremely high levels of stress “a year
ago” in their military job for years 1995 and 1997 only.

Company and field grade officers (29%-38%) who have been away 27 or
more weeks were more likely than officers (20%-25%) who have been away less
than one week to report high, very high, or extremely high levels of stress “now”
in their family/personal life. There were no statistically significant differences for
officers based on time away from duty station for officers reporting high, very
high, or extremely high levels of stress “a year ago” in their family/personal life.

White enlisted personnel (40%-43%) were more likely than black enlisted
personnel (31%-32%) to report high stress “a year ago” in their military job. In
1997 only, black enlisted personnel (42%-43%) who have been away 13 or more
weeks reported levels of high stress in their military job “a year ago” at the same
levels as white enlisted personnel. There were no other statistically significant
differences for reported levels of stress either “now” or “a year ago” for stress in
the military job or family/personal life for enlisted personnel based on time away
from duty station.

Spouse Support and Family Adjustment

Officers (78%-81%) were more likely than enlisted personnel (63%-67%) to
report that their spouses were fairly or very supportive of their making a career of
the Army. Officers (83%-85%) were more likely than enlisted personnel (66%-
69%) to report that their family has adjusted well to the demands of being an
“Army Family.”

Married officers and enlisted personnel who have children were more likely
than those who do not have children to report that their spouse is fairly or very
supportive of their making a career of the Army or that their family has adjusted
well to the demands of being an “Army Family.” For enlisted personnel only,
those who were married and do not have children were more likely in 1994
(64%) than in 1997 (55%) to report that their spouse was supportive of their
making a career of the Army. Other differences based on time away from duty
station (rank, gender, race, type of unit, and location) were not statistically
significant.



How satisfied are you with the amount of time separated from family?

Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Appendix G: Data by Type of Unit

1994

48.7
61.3
54.4
37.2
29.8

55.1
62.7
61.2
38.2
20.7

67.8
73.0
70.8
50.8
41.5

1994

34.3
35.9
39.9
31.1
18.7

41.3
45.9
43.2
34.7
17.0

49.2
62.6
55.3
37.3
31.5

1995

441
62.8
53.8
30.2
13.7

48.9
48.5
56.1
35.7
22.5

64.7
68.5
69.7
49.5
29.2

1995

33.5
42.0
39.8

18.8

36.5
40.9

26.1
22.9

53.9
57.4
56.3
35.7
37.7

1996

42.4
54.0
54.3
31.6
19.5

40.3
56.2
46.0
26.5
16.1

62.9
67.6
68.0
42.3
26.9

1996

27.4
22.6
31.5

223

33.7
38.1

24.9
14.0

54.1
60.1
52.3
43.6
21.5

1997

43.9
60.2
50.3
38.3
17.2

44.2
55.9
48.4
34.3
23.8

57.9
60.6
65.4
36.9
29.6

1997

35.2
37.0
37.4
33.3
22.2

35.8
45.4
37.5
22.6
21.9

46.0
47.8

39.2
35.3



Appendix J: Data by Family Situation

How satisfied are you with the amount of time separated from family?

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 57.4 56.9 53.7 51.6
<1 week 60.2 64.5 66.0 62.8
1-12 weeks 63.5 63.5 62.0 57.5
13-26 weeks 42.0 41.8 35.6 41.4
27+ weeks 34.8 18.8 12.5 14.0
Married, children 64.0 58.5 56.6 54.1
<1 week 76.9 65.3 65.8 63.3
1-12 weeks 68.0 65.3 63.1 60.7
13-26 weeks 44.5 416 37.0 34.5
27+ weeks 29.7 21.0 23.3 30.4
Not married, no children 43.3 42.5 36.3 39.7
<1 week 53.3 80.8 44.6 44.0
1-12 weeks 46.0 39.2 39.4 45.6
13-26 weeks 25.2 11.2 23.2 32.2
27+ weeks 38.3 28.6 18.1
Not married, children 57.8 49.6 63.9 46.1
<1 week 52.9 38.3 85.7 39.7
1-12 weeks 63.5 58.1 60.2 57.1
13-26 weeks 25.6 48.9 3.5 44.2
27+ weeks 38.3 34.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 38.8 35.0 37.5 36.5
<1 week 45.2 44.3 42.9 40.2
1-12 weeks 40.0 37.2 39.5 37.9
13-26 weeks 32.6 23.2 30.5 33.3
27+ weeks 19.0 14.1 24.4 19.2
Married, children 47.3 46.7 44.2 44.8
<1 week 58.9 53.3 53.8 52.0
1-12 weeks 51.3 52.3 46.2 48.2
13-26 weeks 33.3 32.8 33.8 31.6
27+ weeks 24.1 22.1 11.5 30.3
Not married, no children 32.7 27.6 31.7 31.6
<1 week 36.6 31.5 39.1 38.3
1-12 weeks 34.2 21.6 27.9 25.5
13-26 weeks 31.8 11.3 15.5 26.3
27+ weeks 16.1 30.2 30.1 24.2
Not married, children 38.9 42.0 47.5 31.2
<1 week 43.4 46.8 51.4 48.3
1-12 weeks 42.5 43.0 49.8 18.1
13-26 weeks 17.5 21.5 15.9 16.7
27+ weeks 21.0 27.1 35.4 13.4

J-1



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

32.2
39.9
31.7
28.3
28.0

33.4
36.3
31.9
32.7
30.4

Slight or None

1995

32.4
37.6
31.7
27.4
25.9

34.5
35.7
32.5
32.7
38.9

1996

28.4
32.9
29.0
23.4
24.3

28.2
27.3
29.7
26.1
12.7

1996

30.8
34.5
29.4
26.9
25.3

30.7
32.6
24.8
31.3
33.1

1997

30.9
36.6
30.3
28.2
24.6

28.9
40.0
22.5
25.4
21.6

1997

34.1
37.0
33.0
29.4
35.2

35.2
38.6
30.5
18.3
34.3

1995

33.1
29.5

32
39.3
38.8

33.3
32.1
33.3
35.4
36.9

1996

37.1
30.8
36.4
43.5
42.3

37.6
33.1
40.3
41.2
19.9

1997

34.1
26.7
34.1
38.3
43.2

38.3
33.4
39.2
43.8
61.2

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

35.7
32.0
34.3
40.5
47.4

35.9
35.7
35.5
40.0
35.1

1996

38.3
35.5
38.1
41.8
45.3

421
41.9
42.5
45.0
37.4

1997

34.9
34.2
33.9
38.7
36.7

34.3
32.1
38.9
32.7
39.0



Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

34.6
30.9
32.0
40.9

36.5
35.6
41.7
33.6

1994

45.0
35.7
36.7
39.1

48.5
48.3
46.9
44.6

1995

36.4
27.9
37.3
59.3

44.6
39.9
46.3
56.3

1995

43.4
31.5
47.8
50.6
48.1

58.0

1996

28.0
27.9
35.1
25.0

40.7
34.5
43.7
54.4

1996

36.2
33.2
29.4
32.5

50.1
45.6
45.1
45.1

E-2

1997

30.0
32.5
33.3
45.2

40.4
36.2
45.2
48.1

1997

45.0
42.0
38.6
42.9

55.6
51.2
52.2
45.5



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Family/Personal Life?

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Officers 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 47.4 44.8 51.2 22.4 26.5 25.7
<1 week 52.4 53.1 59.3 21.5 20.9 21.0
1-12 weeks 47.7 45.6 50.4 21.0 24.8 28.4
13-26 weeks 43.4 38.4 42.4 26.5 32.0 29.0
27+ weeks 43.9 35.2 53.4 19.0 35.0 19.4
2LT-CPT 53.7 52.4 50.2 20.4 23.9 23.1
<1 week 56.7 57.0 54.7 19.6 21.2 19.6
1-12 weeks 54.9 56.1 53.3 19.4 21.9 20.1
13-26 weeks 51.4 45.3 43.7 22.0 26.9 29.1
27+ weeks 45.4 34.9 37.4 28.2 35.7 33.5
MAJ-COL 48.1 43.0 51.0 25.6 2741 27.7
<1 week 60.3 36.2 50.6 19.9 33.7 30.1
1-12 weeks 476 46.3 52.2 25.0 22.8 26.4
13-26 weeks 39.4 42.8 46.6 31.8 29.9 28.2
27+ weeks 40.2 26.6 45.4 40.1 50.6 37.5
Total Officer 50.9 48.1 50.6 22.4 25.3 25.0
<1 week 57.0 50.3 54.3 20.0 24.7 23.1
1-12 weeks 51.1 51.0 52.5 21.8 22.6 23.7
13-26 weeks 46.8 43.3 44.2 25.4 28.7 28.8
27+ weeks 40.2 33.3 42.6 28.9 38.5 31.3

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Enlisted 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 43.5 40.3 44.8 34.0 35.5 33.5
<1 week 45.5 41.9 43.1 32.6 34.5 34.3
1-12 weeks 41.9 38.5 46.1 35.7 36.9 31.4
13-26 weeks 45.7 40.7 45.6 31.9 31.2 35.4
27+ weeks 36.6 33.5 49.2 38.6 46.4 30.8
SGT-SSG 47.1 441 49.1 26.0 31.2 27.6
<1 week 52 45.2 52.9 24.1 32.0 25.3
1-12 weeks 47.2 44.5 45.8 25.8 26.0 27.9
13-26 weeks 44 46.1 46.5 24.9 32.8 31.0
27+ weeks 30.3 38.6 48.5 42.0 43.0 31.4
SFC-CSM 50.2 46.9 48.5 25.5 28.4 29.3
<1 week 51.2 50.0 45.5 26.6 26.2 29.8
1-12 weeks 52.6 49.1 49.4 21.9 26.7 31.9
13-26 weeks 50.1 43.2 48.9 28.0 31.3 28.3
27+ weeks 23.1 27.9 53.3 40.3 41.3 17.3
Total Enlisted 45.8 42.6 47.0 29.9 32.9 30.7
<1 week 48.3 44.1 46.7 29.1 32.5 30.7
1-12 weeks 45.5 42.2 46.5 30.0 31.4 30.2
13-26 weeks 45.5 43.4 46.5 28.3 31.9 32.4
27+ weeks 32.2 35.0 49.4 40.0 44.3 29.3

F-9



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

26.6
35.4
26.2
25.9
23.8

32.9
39.3
32.2
29.2
29.1

Slight or None

1995

27.8
34.2
28.3
25.8
16.1

33.2
37.0
32.1
29.0
28.6

1996

20.2
23.1
23.5
17.4
16.8

29.2
32.2
29.4
24.6
27.7

1996

24.9
25.1
27.6
276
17.8

31.6
34.6
29.0
27.0
31.6

1997

241
27.5
26.7
25.2
18.9

31.3
37.5
29.4
28.4
27.3

1997

29.4
37.5
26.7
24.2
32.4

34.9
37.4
33.4
30.1
36.7

K-8

1995

38.4
31.2
36.0
43.0
44.6

32.6
30.0
31.8
38.3
37.3

1996

45.0
27.8
43.2
47.1
52.1

36.4
31.4
36.5
42.7
34.7

1997

42.5
38.8
38.0
40.9
50.8

33.9
27.8
34.5
38.4
40.8

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

38.1
29.2
35.9
40.3
63.4

35.5
33.6
34.5
39.4
41.9

1996

40.4
36.0
36.4
39.3
50.7

38.6
36.9
38.8
42.7
40.4

1997

39.1
36.1
41.9
36.7
41.4

34.3
33.6
33.7
38.8
34.4



How Satisfied are You with Your Current Job? Satisfied or Very Satisfied

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 74.3 77.3 75.4
<1 week 72.2 78.8 75.5
1-12 weeks 75.3 80.1 75.6
13-26 weeks 73.3 70.1 76.3
27+ weeks 75.1 79.7 72.3
2LT-CPT 71.3 72.3 71.6
<1 week 68.8 72.6 69.0
1-12 weeks 72.7 74.4 71.4
13-26 weeks 71.2 70.9 73.3
27+ weeks 65.4 62.0 73.8
MAJ-COL 77.3 80.6 78.9
<1 week 73.5 80.8 76.6
1-12 weeks 78.9 81.0 81.7
13-26 weeks 76.3 81.0 72.2
27+ weeks 65.9 69.6 76.1
Total Officer 73.7 75.8 74.6
<1 week 70.8 76.0 72.5
1-12 weeks 75.4 777 76.0
13-26 weeks 72.9 73.7 73.5
27+ weeks 67.7 67.1 74.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 44.5 49.5 47.2
<1 week 478 52.6 52.2
1-12 weeks 43.2 48.4 43.8
13-26 weeks 414 44.3 42.2
27+ weeks 40.7 43.8 47.0
SGT-SSG 59.0 61.1 60.3
<1 week 59.5 58.8 61.3
1-12 weeks 60.3 65.5 61.3
13-26 weeks 56.9 60.1 58.8
27+ weeks 60.4 55.8 56.0
SFC-CSM 71.0 73.3 70.1
<1 week 71.6 76.4 68.9
1-12 weeks 71.2 71.5 72.3
13-26 weeks 69.0 74.8 67.3
27+ weeks 68.6 63.6 69.1
Total Enlisted 53.4 57.0 55.3
<1 week 54.5 57.9 57.4
1-12 weeks 53.5 57.7 54.6
13-26 weeks 52.3 55.8 52.7
27+ weeks 54.7 51.4 54.4

F-14



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Military Job?

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Officers 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 36.1 30.2 34.3 34.9 40.2 36.2
<1 week 34.8 36.7 42.9 27.4 34.0 28.7
1-12 weeks 37.4 27.5 30.9 35.6 42.7 32.0
13-26 weeks 37.9 26.8 33.4 36.3 43.5 49.2
27+ weeks 24.7 35.0 22.7 42.4 37.4 47.4
2LT-CPT 35.5 34.9 33.5 36.1 38.6 36.7
<1 week 40.1 37.8 38.1 33.2 33.9 34.4
1-12 weeks 33.9 36.3 34.8 35.3 39.9 34.7
13-26 weeks 35.4 29.1 28.2 39.8 41.3 39.8
27+ weeks 32.6 34.2 28.2 48.1 38.2 46.8
MAJ-COL 34.2 28.8 33.4 36.4 “9 37.0
<1 week 42.2 30.0 35.7 30.6 38.0 32.2
1-12 weeks 34.1 28.0 32.3 37.1 41.4 37.0
13-26 weeks 28.0 29.4 35.6 37.4 47.1 38.2
27+ weeks 29.2 28.1 26.7 50.4 49.7 57.2
Total Officer 35.2 32.1 33.6 36.0 40.0 36.7
<1 week 39.9 35.3 38.3 31.5 35.1 32.6
1-12 weeks 34.5 31.9 33.3 36.1 40.8 35.3
13-26 weeks 33.8 28.8 30.9 38.5 43.4 40.8
27+ weeks 30.2 33.2 26.7 47.4 40.4 49.2

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Enlisted 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 36.5 36.6 36.0 39.9 40.5 42.3
<1 week 39.9 36.3 39.5 35.3 39.5 41.2
1-12 weeks 36.0 37.0 34.5 40.3 41.5 418
13-26 weeks 31.3 36.7 30.3 46.5 42.2 45.7
27+ weeks 32.4 34.3 37.6 478 35.2 41.5
SGT-SSG 38.9 39.7 39.5 35.0 36.1 35.6
<1 week 45.1 45.3 46.5 33.8 35.7 33.1
1-12 weeks 35.8 31.6 37.9 35.7 38.2 34.7
13-26 weeks 37.8 40.1 31.3 32.8 34.3 39.9
27+ weeks 32.8 49.9 30.7 43.1 28.7 44.7
SFC-CSM 38.2 36.2 36.5 35.7 37.4 40.8
<1 week 42.0 38.1 34.5 35.6 34.7 38.8
1-12 weeks 35.8 33.8 43.0 36.8 39.7 38.1
13-26 weeks 44.2 34.3 30.0 31.0 37.7 45.7
27+ weeks 17.4 37.4 20.8 42.2 42.0 58.0
Total Enlisted 37.7 37.7 37.5 37.5 38.4 39.4
<1 week 42.0 39.7 41.3 34.8 37.4 37.8
1-12 weeks 35.8 34.5 37.3 38.0 40.0 38.4
13-26 weeks 44.2 37.7 30.7 38.5 38.2 43.2
27+ weeks 17.4 414 31.9 45.2 33.3 45.3

F-10



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Family/Personal

Life?

Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

55.1
58.1
55.5
52.5
53.5

55.8
56.4
56.3
53.5
52.6

Slight or None

1995

54.4
57.2
53.2
55.2
43.3

51.1
51.9
50.7
50.9
42.8

1996

50.9
§2.2
51.8
48.1
49.9

50.5
49.6
52.4
42.3
58.1

1996

51.4
53.1
48.5
54.6
51.6

49.5
47.5
57.0
42.5
37.7

1997

54.2
56.4

48.3
42.7

47.6
41.4
52.6
40.2
71.7

1997
52.4

53.2
50.2
45.7

50.9
52.1
50.7
44.5
46.2

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

21.2
17.7
21.2
23.9
27.8

22.4
21.4
22.0
24.2
25.9

1996

23.0
22.6
21.7
25.2
26.6

24.4
26.0
22.4
31.9

8.9

1997

23.2
19.4
21.2
27.7
33.5

29.9
29.0
27.5
43.8
14.6

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

25.8
25.5
25.7
23.6
34.2

30.1
29.9
30.9
27.4
40.1

1996

27.4
28.0
276
25.0
27.1

32.9
35.1
25.7
38.9
41.9

1997

27.2
25.3
26.8
28.9
33.2

30.7
30.3
27.4
41.1
37.7



How Would You Rate the Current Level of Morale in Your Unit? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 36.7 36.0 38.6 36.9
<1 week 36.0 37.3 35.6 33.5
1-12 weeks 40.2 37.7 40.1 41.8
13-26 weeks 32.0 36.0 33.7 37.8
27+ weeks 20.0 6.6 54.5 22.7
White 38.5 35.8 33.8 32.3
<1 week 36.0 39.1 33.1 33.1
1-12 weeks 39.1 35.6 36.3 34.7
13-26 weeks 37.9 34.0 31.3 27.0
27+ weeks 37.6 31.9 23.3 26.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 22.4 21.7 22.7 25.6
<1 week 20.4 22.8 27.8 27.3
1-12 weeks 24.1 22.7 20.4 27.4
13-26 weeks 16.2 17.6 15.9 24.5
27+ weeks 24.0 10.1 6.5 8.1
White 21.7 17.4 17.8 20.1
<1 week 22.6 18.3 21.2 23.4
1-12 weeks 22.3 18.1 17.3 19.6
13-26 weeks 18.4 14.8 14.1 13.9

27+ weeks 21.5 14.6 12.4 20.3

1-7



Describe How Well Prepared You Are to Perform Your Wartime Duties/Mission.
Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 74.4 70.2 77.3 76.1
<1 week 71.0 75.8 77.5 778
1-12 weeks 75.3 71.4 744 78.5
13-26 weeks 74.8 62.3 82.4 71.8
27+ weeks 70.5 77.9 78.8 68.4
2LT-CPT 70.7 67.4 68.9 69.5
<1 week 64.6 61.5 64.8 63.3
1-12 weeks 71.8 67.7 70.8 71.7
13-26 weeks 76.9 73.0 71.0 69.9
27+ weeks 63.1 66.0 68.6 72.0
MAJ-COL 78.7 75.3 774 79.8
<1 week 71.5 67.0 67.6 73.3
1-12 weeks 79.9 74.8 78.0 80.2
13-26 weeks 88.3 84.3 85.5 88.0
27+ weeks 72.9 79.0 83.0 79.3
Total Officer 73.9 70.5 73.0 73.9
<1 week 67.6 65.2 67.7 68.9
1-12 weeks 75.3 71.0 74.1 75.9
13-26 weeks 79.4 74.4 77.2 74.7
27+ weeks 67.0 71.4 73.6 72.9
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 59.1 53.3 56.7 57.5
<1 week 50.9 44.1 49.8 51.2
1-12 weeks 62.3 56.1 58.9 60.6
13-26 weeks 72.8 65.1 69.0 66.1
27+ weeks 66.6 56.2 70.4 63.0
SGT-SSG 71.2 67.3 75.9 74.3
<1 week 65.1 63.8 68.3 71,7
1-12 weeks 71.5 67.0 79.5 71.4
13-26 weeks 77.3 74.0 80.1 79.5
27+ weeks 717 65.7 85.4 79.5
SFC-CSM 77.8 74.5 717.7 75.5
<1 week 714 70.0 76.8 71.4
1-12 weeks 78.5 73.9 71.8 76.6
13-26 weeks 84.5 83.3 85.3 78.4
27+ weeks 89.0 7717 92.8 86.1
Total Enlisted 66.0 61.2 66.5 66.3
<1 week 57.8 53.7 59.4 60.6
1-12 weeks 68.0 62.7 68.1 67.0
13-26 weeks 76.5 71.3 76.2 73.4
27+ weeks 73.2 62.8 79.5 74.2

F-4



Describe How Well Prepared You Are to Perform Your Wartime Duties/Mission. Well or
Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 72.7 74.6 77.2 75.6
<1 week 59.9 68.7 67.2 72.3
1-12 weeks 75.4 74.9 73.5 73.8
13-26 weeks 73.1 75.6 78.9 76.2
27+ weeks 74.8 74.0 84.9 77.6
Elsewhere 74.0 70.1 72.6 73.7
< 1 week 68.1 65.1 67.7 68.8
1-12 weeks 75.3 70.6 74.1 76.1
13-26 weeks 80.6 74.2 77.0 74.5
27+ weeks 66.0 70.8 66.9 70.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 73.1 68.0 72.8 70.2
<1 week 71.0 62.1 68.7 64.5
1-12 weeks 69.9 64.1 72.5 61.2
13-26 weeks 79.3 78.5 70.5 80.1
27+ weeks 84.7 71.4 77.1 72.7
Elsewhere 65.0 60.7 65.6 65.8
<1 week 56.8 52.9 58.9 60.4
1-12 weeks 67.7 63.4 67.6 67.6
13-26 weeks 75.7 70.2 78.0 71.4
27+ weeks 71.6 61.1 81.1 74.9

K-4



In General, How Well Has Your Family Adjusted to the Demands of Being an “Army
Family”? Well

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 85.8 83.6 84.7 84.3
<1 week 82.8 83.3 87.8 87.5
1-12 weeks 87.2 85.5 87.3 88.9
13-26 weeks 85.8 82.0 87.7 80.8
27+ weeks 72.9 75.8 77.9 81.8
Elsewhere 85.0 84.4 83.3 82.5
<1 week 83.1 81.5 81.0 79.5
1-12 weeks 87.6 87.0 85.7 84,7
13-26 weeks 81.3 82.5 79.5 81.5
27+ weeks 65.9 69.1 77.3 75.1
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 76.9 745 69.2 66.2
<1 week 79.6 70.6 65.1 61.8
1-12 weeks 80.1 78.6 76.8 65.8
13-26 weeks 75.1 76.0 67.3 72.2
27+ weeks 69.3 54.9 65.5 65.5
Elsewhere 67.7 67.5 68.2 65.8
<1 week 70.1 67.7 69.5 68.0
1-12 weeks 69.1 68.3 68.6 66.6
13-26 weeks 66.3 70.3 65.1 59.5
27+ weeks 55.7 60.1 63.1 63.7

K-13



REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

4. REPORT DATE (dé-mm-yy) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (from. .. to)
June 1998 Final April 1994-July 1997
4, TITLE AND SUBTITLE a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER
PERSTEMPO: Its Effects on Soldiers’ Attitudes N/A
5b. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
433709
6. AUTHOR(S) 5c. PROJECT NUMBER
NA
Cathie B. Alderks (ARD) 5d. TASK NUMBER
7001

Se. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER
US. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
ATTN: TAPC-ARI-PS

5001 Eisenhower Avenue

Alexandria, VA 22333-5600

9, SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. MONITOR ACRONYM

U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

5001 Eisenhower Avenue ARI

Alexandria, VA 22333-5600 11. MONITOR REPORT NUMBER
Study Report 98-02

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words):

With the recent decreases in the U.S. Amny of both personnel end resources and with the concurrent increase in missions performed, there has been concer that
the amount of time soldiers are away from home station, or Personnel Tempo (PERSTEMPO), may have a negative impact on the attitudes of Active Component
soldiers which in tum affect retention, readiness, and morale. This report investigates the relationship between various amounts of ime soldiers are away from
their duty stations and their attitudes toward the Army, Aveilable deta from the spring versions of the Sample Survey of Miltary Personnel from 1894 through 1997
were used. Data were enalyzed with respect to time away from duty station.

‘The more time soldiers spend away from their duty station, the less likely they are to be satisfied with the “amount of time a soldier is seperated from farnily.” For
those who are leaving or are thinking of leaving the Army, the first most important reason for officers and the third most important reason for enlisted personnel for
leaving is the “amount of te seperated from family.” For officers and enlisted personnel as a whole, the amount of time away from the duty station has no
slatistcally significant relationship with Army career intentions (leaving, staying in beyond the present obligation, or staying in untl retirement), readiness, morele,
stress levels, spouse support, family adjustment, and job satisfaction. This report provides a baseline from which leaders may gauge future attitudes and
intentions in relation to the amount of time a sokiier spends away from the duty station for deployments, training, etc.

15, SUBJECT TERMS
PERSTEMPO Army Soldiers Deployments Family Separations

19. LIMITATION OF | 20. NUMBER 21. RESPONSIBLE PERSON

ABSTRACT OF PAGES (Name and Telephone Number)
16. REPORT 17. ABSTRACT | 18. THIS PAGE Morris Peterson

Unclassified | Unclassified | Unclassified | Unlimited 127 (703) 617-7803



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Family/Personal

Life?

Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

56.5 54.7 58.2
61.0 60.5 57.4
57.9 54.3 61.4
49.6 52.1 52.7
56.1 48.1 47.4

53.2 49.7 51.7
56.8 48.9 50.8
53.3 51.4 54.6
51.6 45.8 45.7
50.3 51.3 43.5

52.1 51.4 53.2
59.6 51.4 48.0
49.2 52.1 52.5
50.8 43.4
52.4 39.5

33.7 27.5 29.3
23.6 40.0 2441
34.6 18.0 36.4
34.3 0.0 32.0
55.8 10.2

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

55.8 53.8 51.2
59.4 52.5 53.2
54.3 54.3 47.8
59.6 58.5 44.9
24.9 47.7 42.3

52.6 48.4 50.3
54.3 51.5 49.5
51.9 45.4 51.8
55.0 46.7 49.4
43.9 53.7 42.5

51.7 53.9 55.2
49.8 53.9 43.1
56.4 51.6 46.8
46.6 63.6 46.9
48.3 50.8 41.5

39.5 42.5 51.5
40.0 34.9 59.6
31.0 62.6 42.1
63.8 31.6 32.6
18.9 35.4 52.5

J-1l

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

19.4
16.0
17.8
26.3
23.9

22.5
17.4
23.0
24.3
31.9

38.0
34.3
41.2
40.5

44.7
49.7
49.6
22.7

1996

21.5
19.2
22.0
18.0
29.9

23.7
24.7
21.0
29.0
26.1

23.0
24.2
22.8
24.7
18.8

32.5
22.1
54.0
16.4

1997

21.4
19.9
17.6
28.1
30.8

24.5
19.9
23.7
27.9
35.8

25.2
23.0
23.3
31.5
26.4

35.3
38.4
24.2
46.2
55.4

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

26.7
25.3
28.0
23.6
44.2

25.5
26.0
24.4
24.2
33.3

32.0
35.2
27.9
23.7
32.3

38.4
38.9
43.5
22.5
67.5

1996

28.3
30.2
25.3
25.6
35.4

29.4
29.5
29.2
30.5
26.2

25.8
27.8
26.9
17.4
21.8

33.5
39.5
178
30.6
50.0

1997

29.6
25.5
28.5
30.5
41.9

28.7
27.3
27.0
32.2
34.4

24.8
24.9
26.0
241
24.4

33.2
33.2
34.8
42.7
14.6



In General, How Well Has Your Family Adjusted to the Demands of Being an “Army
Family”? Well

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 84.4 82.6 79.8 81.1
<1 week 76.1 76.9 78.5 72.5
1-12 weeks 86.8 87.0 79.6 80.5
13-26 weeks 82.6 81.2 80.3 84.4
27+ weeks 79.4 62.9 78.3 81.9
Combat Support!

Combat Service Support 79.6 81.5 82.3 79.2
<1 week 83.2 79.4 80.9 72.2
1-12 weeks 82.4 84.3 84.7 82.3
13-26 weeks 77.5 78.6 77.8 78.5
27+ weeks 37.7 63.5 79.5 78.7
Other Unit 87.6 86.7 85.0 84.3
<1 week 86.4 83.0 81.8 82.6
1-12 weeks 90.7 88.8 87.9 87.1
13-26 weeks 85.9 85.9 82.1 81.2
27+ weeks 74.6 81.5 74.1 72.6
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 66.6 67.9 64.1 65.7
< 1 week 63.5 67.3 67.9 66.1
1-12 weeks 68.3 68.9 67.2 70.6
13-26 weeks 70.7 70.7 61.2 59.5
27+ weeks 52.1 62.8 57.5 62.1
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 69.5 67.6 68.7 65.4
<1 week 68.6 66.2 68.1 65.4
1-12 weeks 69.8 69.7 69.8 65.1
13-26 weeks 69.0 68.9 69.1 62.9
27+ weeks 71.3 56.0 66.2 66.3
Other Unit 71.9 74.6 70.9 66.1
<1 week 78.5 74.2 70.4 68.9
1-12 weeks 82.3 75.6 71.4 63.2
13-26 weeks 67.2 80.6 69.6 64.9
27+ weeks 49.3 64.9 72.0 65.8

G-13



In General, How Well Has Your Family Adjusted to the Demands of Being an “Army
Family”? Well

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 82.8 78.9 80.5 83.9
<1 week 87.2 78.6 86.0 84.8
1-12 weeks 84.9 79.2 777 87.5
13-26 weeks 77.8 80.8 79.8 82.1
27+ weeks 73.8 63.8 76.6 72.6
2LT-CPT 82.4 82.4 80.7 78.8
<1 week 78.2 79.9 77.2 76.7
1-12 weeks 85.6 85.6 83.6 81.4
13-26 weeks 81.1 79.8 78.2 76.8
27+ weeks 55.8 65.5 77.4 73.8
MAJ-COL 89.1 89.0 87.7 86.5
<1 week 87.9 85.9 84.2 80.9
1-12 weeks 90.5 90.8 90.4 87.2
13-26 weeks 86.6 87.1 84.4 89.9
27+ weeks 74.3 83.7 78.7 87.8
Total Officer 85.1 84.3 83.4 82.6
<1 week 83.1 81.5 81.3 79.7
1-12 weeks 87.6 86.9 85.8 84.9
13-26 weeks 82.0 82.4 80.5 81.4
27+ weeks 66.8 70.1 776 77.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 56.5 54.4 53.7 51.5
<1 week 59.2 55.7 55.6 53.0
1-12 weeks 56.3 53.9 54.0 50.7
13-26 weeks 56.4 63.2 47.0 48.7
27+ weeks 44.2 44.7 54.2 53.4
SGT-SSG 73.8 73.0 73.9 69.6
<1 week 76.9 73.7 74.9 72.9
1-12 weeks 776 741 76.6 70.2
13-26 weeks 70.6 71.2 69.3 65.2
27+ weeks 59.9 69.6 68.1 64.6
SFC-CSM 82.8 80.9 82.4 81.6
<1 week 84.2 79.7 83.3 84.5
1-12 weeks 83.8 83.8 81.3 82.8
13-26 weeks 83.0 84.0 85.1 73.7
27+ weeks 67.6 61.3 73.2 83.3
Total Enlisted 69.3 68.0 68.4 65.8
<1 week 71.0 68.0 69.3 67.7
1-12 weeks 71.2 69.2 69.6 66.5
13-26 weeks 68.5 71.2 65.6 61.9
27+ weeks 57.9 57.9 64.0 64.4

F-13



How Would You Rate Your Current Level of Morale? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 47.5 47.9 46.8 47.0
<1 week 44.2 45.0 45.1 44.5
1-12 weeks 47.8 49.0 49.2 51.9
13-26 weeks 51.9 49.4 46.6 40.8
27+ weeks 38.9 37.9 36.6 41.0
Married, children 50.8 49.0 49.5 46.2
<1 week 49.6 50.8 53.6 46.9
1-12 weeks 51.5 50.2 474 46.6
13-26 weeks 49.4 44.4 50.1 47.2
27+ weeks 43.4 45.9 44.4 35.9
Not married, no children 46.1 38.9 418 41.0
<1 week 44.9 50.1 44.6 40.7
1-12 weeks 46.4 37.0 41.0 38.6
13-26 weeks 45.7 18.8 39.3 4141
27+ weeks 48.1 42.7 52.0
Not married, children 32.7 35.3 26.1 37.4
<1 week 33.6 29.2 25.2 276
1-12 weeks 36.1 38.9 36.7 48.8
13-26 weeks 35.0 45.1 3.2 46.9
27+ weeks 55.8 0.0 34.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 32.8 31.6 34.2 34.1
<1 week 32.5 31.1 33.9 38.9
1-12 weeks 32.5 30.7 37.4 31.9
13-26 weeks 30.8 37.0 37.2 30.1
27+ weeks 31.7 26.6 21.0 35.0
Married, children 37.9 35.9 38.4 37.1
<1 week 36.6 36.4 37.5 36.7
1-12 weeks 37.6 37.3 40.4 37.0
13-26 weeks 37.6 34.1 36.7 36.5
27+ weeks 31.6 29.6 35.8 38.8
Not married, no children 31.1 24.9 30.6 31.6
<1 week 32.6 30.6 32.2 34.2
1-12 weeks 31.2 21.5 30.0 32.1
13-26 weeks 22.0 28.8 31.1 22.8
27+ weeks 30.0 19.4 21.0 28.8
Not married, children 34.6 27.9 34.8 37.4
<1 week 30.2 30.0 39.2 37.5
1-12 weeks 415 26.9 38.1 31.3
13-26 weeks 14.3 27.2 0.0 42.7
27+ weeks 45.9 13.6 17.2 48.5

J-6



Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

11

11

OANA

1994

on ag

OANO

1995

Dwna

1995

NNW

NANW

1996

aAhwr

1996

C2

nhoan

Nop

QaANA

1997

=
2Oan

Noon



Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/Combat Service Support

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

115 112
682 498
427 334
93 105
177 465
710 1155
246 449
43 98
432 1248
1140 2476
228 515
54 101

Combat Support/Combat Service Support

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

265 253
886 605
504 353
134 116
445 725
882 1040
352 338

78 99
604 1158
644 813
166 200

62 56

B-3

1994 1995 1996

88
312
269
179

150
423
207
163

454
993
278

73

1994 1995 1996

245
421
309
149

404
459
251
145

858
590
166

68

1997

368
313
190

147
453
263
158

505
1122
295
123

1997

292

300
156

465
471
198
153

832
535
159



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Military Job?

Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

33.2 30.1 34.1
37.2 29.7 35.9
34.7 30.6 29.8
27.5 28.3 29.5
26.2 30.9 18.9

34.9 32.8 34.4
40.2 36.1 37.3
33.3 32.1 34.4
35.8 29.5 30.9
28.4 37.9 28.2

35.6 33.5 35.5
7.2 35.9 38.0
34.5 34.9 31.2
30.2 31.6

27.9 36.2

34.7 28.2 27.3
37.8 45.0 17.9
33.3 13.9 39.8
40.2 0.0 31.4
55.8 10.2

Slight or None
1995 1996 1997

39.9 37.9 37.2
45.6 38.7 37.1
36.2 37.2 31.0
45.0 35.7 32.5
18.8 414 39.5

37.0 35.5 36.8
40.9 39.5 38.8
36.8 30.7 37.9
35.0 34.6 27.1
26.0 40.9 26.5

51.1 40.1 38.2
58.2 39.7 28.5
55.9 37.6 32.3
21.9 44.8 32.0
48.3 43.3 31.4

35.4 40.8 38.7
36.3 40.5 48.7
28.2 44.0 25.3
53.3 30.4 32.5
18.9 38.4 34.3

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

35.6
33.1
35.7
35.5
479

37.7
31.9
37.5
40.5
53.2

20.8
18.7
2441

40.1
35.7
42.3
25.0

1996

40.7
35.7
41.2
42.1
43.5

39.6
35.6
39.8
44.9
37.5

40.2
36.9
42.4
39.8
416

32.5
13.7
60.5
29.4

1997

38.5
33.4
36.4
43.3
54.9

37.5
31.5
36.7
42.4
49.6

32.1
31.5
29.8
34.2
43.3

42.5
45.7
421
30.6
55.4

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

37.0
30.7
40.5
34.9
53.2

36.5
35.9
36.5
34.3
46.9

35.8
26.2
30.7
50.4
51.7

40.4
43.9
41.1
18.5
81.1

1996

38.8
38.9
39.6
37.5
34.5

39.0
37.1
42.1
38.0
33.8

38.1
39.0
38.0
37.9
33.1

29.4
29.3
30.5
46.7

0.0

1997

38.6
36.7
38.4
42.6
41.0

39.4
37.6
36.2
47.0
49.5

39.7
39.1
40.3
38.6
43.6

38.5
37.9
45.2
15.9
41.6



Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

1994

80
259

21

95
329
108

110

1994

160
265
103

165
339
165

51

396
600
193

42

1995

225

1995

253
271
112

312
338
156

59

84
197
99
56

114
208
132

Na

166
200
103
112

339
284
123

20

31

D-5

106

201



How Would You Rate Your Current Level of Morale? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 46.5 47.7 40.1 39.3
< 1 week 41.8 45.3 45.5 37.3
1-12 weeks 45.6 477 45.1 44.6
13-26 weeks 50.1 50.2 39.9 36.7
27+ weeks 48.9 42.0 31.7 35.7
Elsewhere 48.9 47.5 47.5 45.6
< 1 week 46.9 47.7 48.5 44.1
1-12 weeks 49.7 48.4 46.6 46.3
13-26 weeks 49.0 45.3 47.8 45.3
27+ weeks 42.2 44.8 477 44.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 32.2 31.9 27.8 28.9
<1 week 40.2 33.3 27.0 24.1
1-12 weeks 33.7 30.6 34.0 30.1
13-26 weeks 26.2 33.7 27.6 28.0
27+ weeks 32.4 33.1 21.4 30.8
Elsewhere 34.8 32.3 35.8 35.2
<1 week 33.7 33.0 35.4 37.2
1-12 weeks 34.3 32.4 36.6 34.2
13-26 weeks 32.3 30.6 36.4 30.7
27+ weeks 32.7 27.5 31.3 38.0

K-6



Describe How Well Prepared Your Unit Is to Perform Its Wartime Duties/Mission.

Well or Very Well Prepared
Officers

Combat Arms
< 1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

64.0
50.9
65.1
66.7
57.7

57.9
56.1
56.5
63.0
57.6

63.0
63.1
66.1
65.3
43.8

1994

52.8
55.7
53.1
51.1
48.7

46.5
44.5
47.6
47.2
47.4

44.6
44.2
51.0
46.0
50.7

1995

59.6
57.2
60.7
60.5
50.7

52.1
57.1
52.5
49.8
36.6

61.3
59.1
60.8
66.5
56.7

1995

51.5
479
52.7
51.6
46.4

421
43.3
41.9
43.1
32.9

45.3
39.8
49.8
53.3
58.6

1996

65.4
65.5
68.5
60.9
68.1

1996

53.2
57.5
48.5
55.8
54.3

46.0
476
43.3
45.7
47.3

44.0
43.5
47.4
38.4
476

1997

60.9
63.6
61.2
59.1
59.2

60.3
65.0
60.0
54.4
64.2

64.8
60.1
65.8
70.1
62.3

1997

53.1
56.5
56.7
49.3
37.1

51.6
49.2
53.7
50.4
51.4

50.5
53.5
45.6
49.4
46.1



What are Your Current Active Duty Army Career Intentions? Stay

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 85.5 83.0 83.0 83.2
<1 week 77.7 87.1 87.4 84.3
1-12 weeks 86.2 84.8 84.8 82.2
13-26 weeks 85.8 80.6 81.9 84.4
27+ weeks 87.3 79.0 79.9 82.6
Elsewhere 82.8 85.1 82.4 81.2
<1 week 80.3 79.9 78.1 78.4
1-12 weeks 82.8 86.7 84.1 81.9
13-26 weeks 86.3 87.2 84.7 83.4
27+ weeks 84.6 80.2 77.2 79.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 79.9 76.9 60.2 63.6
< 1 week 86.0 76.8 §7.3 63.7
1-12 weeks 80.5 74.2 67.7 63.6
13-26 weeks 78.1 79.7 58.7 63.7
27+ weeks 82.4 81.3 52.8 63.9
Elsewhere. 61.2 62.3 61.5 62.4
<1 week 60.0 61.2 61.3 62.4
1-12 weeks 60.6 64.7 61.6 61.5
13-26 weeks 64.6 59.1 62.8 63.8
27+ weeks 63.7 61.2 60.9 63.7

K-3



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Family/Personal Life?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

50.5
57.7
50.7
46.5
43.5

53.1
54.0
54.0
50.1
47.2

Slight or None

1995

45.8
48.7
45.6
45.6
31.9

45.7
47.1
44.2
44.6
37.7

1996

471
50.4
50.3
43.5
33.2

51.1
49.8
54.8
40.9
35.3

1996

43.2
45.4
42.3
44.0
36.0

39.1
39.5
41.4
32.4
22.7

49.7

1997
47.0

46.8
47.0
48.3

47.0
48.5
43.9
37.9
62.2

1995

22.3
19.1
21.8
25.5
28.9

23.3
23.5
22.4
24.4
28.9

1996

25.8
24.1
23.6
28.4
38.9

2241
27.4
16.2
32.3
32.7

1997

24.1
21.5
22.7
276
31.3

31.2
29.5
30.2
41.8
31.9

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

29.5
28.3
29.8
27.8
40.5

32.3
32.3
31.6
34.9
32.2

1996

32.2
31.4
31.1
31.5
42.6

37.1
36.7
33.8
38.7
63.5

1997

30.3
31.0
29.0
31.7
31.0

32.9
29.3
40.0
43.2
10.2



Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997

Male

<1 week 4 4 4 4
1-12 weeks 2 2 2 2
13-26 weeks 3 4 4 3
27+ weeks 7 7 5 5
Female

<1 week 8 3 9 8
1-12 weeks 5 2 6 6
13-26 weeks 11 4 13 11
27+ weeks 25 9 19 20
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male

<1 week 3 3 3 3
1-12 weeks 2 2 3 3
13-26 weeks 3 4 4 4
27+ weeks 6 6 5 5
Female

<1 week 6 3 6 5
1-12 weeks 7 3 8 7
13-26 weeks 12 6 15 15
27+ weeks 25 12 19 20

C4



In General, How Well Has Your Family Adjusted to the Demands of Being an “Army

Family”? Well
Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

89.1
84.6
90.7
94.7
64.9

84.8
82.9
87.3
80.5
70.8

1994

70.5
72.2
714
71.4
66.2

68.8
71.8
71.0
65.6
54.4

1995

87.0
79.4
92.5
89.5
53.4

84.6
83.2
86.9
82.6
70.8

1995

73.6
72.3
75.1
81.0
66.0

66.1
67.4
66.1
70.6
51.8

1996

83.2
86.3
80.2
87.2
77.3

83.6
80.4
86.6
79.8
79.7

1996

71.8
71.6
73.3
69.9
67.2

67.5
68.8
68.4
63.7
67.5

1997

84.0
79.7
89.6
83.2
72.4

83.0
79.7
85.6
81.9
75.2

1997

69.6
71.4
72.5
69.8
49.6

65.1
67.0
66.5
59.5
64.4



Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army

The percentages of officers and enlisted personnel who were “leaving or
thinking about leaving the Army” have remained constant from 1994 to 1997 with
enlisted personnel (43%-54%) being more likely than officers (34%-45%) to
report “leaving or thinking about leaving the Army.”

About one-tenth (8%-10%) of officers and enlisted personnel who were
leaving or thinking about leaving the Army report that their most important reason
is the “amount of time separated from family.” For officers in the spring of 1994,
this was the third most important reason (behind amount of enjoyment from job
and job security); by 1996 and also in 1997, it was the first most important
reason. For enlisted personnel in the spring of 1994, it was the fourth most
important reason (behind amount of basic pay, overall quality of Army life, and
promotion/advancement opportunities). By 1996 and also in 1997, it was the
third most important reason (behind amount of basic pay and overall quality of
Army life). See also Peterson, 1997.

While not statistically significant because of the small numbers of
respondents in each group, male officers and male enlisted personnel who have
been away from home 13 or more weeks were about twice as likely as those
who have been away from home 12 weeks or less to report the “amount of time
separated from family” is the most important reason for leaving or thinking about
leaving the Army. Female officers and female enlisted personnel do not
demonstrate an increase at about 13 weeks. They consistently report at a high
level equivalent to that of males who have been away 13 or more weeks,
regardless of weeks away, that their most important reason for leaving or
thinking about leaving the Army is “amount of time separated from family.”

Army Career Intentions

Officers (81%-84%) were more likely than enlisted personnel (61%-64%) to
report that they plan on staying in the Army beyond their present obligation or
until retirement.

Field grade (92%-93%) and warrant officers (88%-93%) were more likely
than company grade officers (71%-78%) to report that they plan on staying
beyond their present obligation or until retirement. Senior NCOs (93%-96%)
were more likely than junior NCOs (77%-80%) to report that they plan on staying
beyond their present obligation or until retirement. Both senior and junior NCOs
were more likely than the junior enlisted (41%-44%) to report that they plan on
staying beyond their present obligation or until retirement. However, within these



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

35.2
40.2
34.6
33.9
29.6

35.1
38.4
33.6
32.6
35.6

Slight or None

1995

37.4
42.0
35.8
35.8
29.8

39.3
41.9
36.8
36.3
34.3

1996

32.7
36.4
32.9
28.8
32.4

28.1
30.0
25.7
28.2
47.2

1996

37.6
40.1
33.6
38.1
42.6

38.6
38.2
41.6
31.2
27.8

1997

34.3
40.4
34.2
30.9
26.4

29.1
29.3
27.6
30.6
32.4

1997

37.0
40.2
37.5
30.0
33.7

40.7
45.4
35.1
41.0
12.2

H-10

1995

35.8
31.0
35.7
38.5
48.0

37.3
33.6
38.8
39.0
41.9

1996

39.4
33.8
40.1
40.1
37.2

43.9
41.0
45.2
45.0
45.4

1997

36.1
30.5
34.3
40.8
50.6

41.0
41.9
41.7
40.9
23.7

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

37.4
34.5
37.9
38.3
45.1

38.0
36.1
39.1
41.3
46.8

1996

38.6
37.2
40.6
38.1
34.0

36.9
38.3
35.4
39.9
24.4

1997

39.5
37.9
38.5
43.2
44.0

39.0
37.6
36.8
44.2
60.7



What is Your Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army?
Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 10.3 3.7 11.6 8.0
<1 week 6.5 3.6 0.0 12.8
1-12 weeks 8.0 3.4 6.7 6.8
13-26 weeks 19.7 3.5 48.2 43
27+ weeks 26.9 5.6 52.8

White 9.2 10.2 11.2 12.0
< 1 week 9.5 8.7 9.2 75
1-12 weeks 8.5 8.4 8.6 9.8
13-26 weeks 12.0 17.0 11.0 18.2
27+ weeks 10.1 4.0 32.1 19.5
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 8.4 8.9 14.6 11.9
< 1 week 9.3 7.4 14.4 13.5
1-12 weeks 6.5 7.7 12.4 6.0
13-26 weeks 11.4 19.2 13.9 7A
27+ weeks 11.0 15.9 39.1 33.0
White 8.2 841 9.2 9.4
< 1 week 6.5 3.8 6.2 7.2
1-12 weeks 5.7 7.9 76 8.4
13-26 weeks 12.9 11.1 12.2 13.6
27+ weeks 21.9 17.7 24.4 14.7



PERSTEMPO: Its Effects on Soldiers’ Attitudes

Introduction

With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the end of the Cold War, the U.S.
Army has refocused its mission. While undergoing a significant reduction in
personnel and resources, the Army has maintained its primary mission of
defending the United States and its interests. In addition, it has included other
missions of peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and additional “operations-other-
than war.” Throughout all these missions, a heavy training schedule has been
maintained so the Army could be trained and ready. In hard reality, “the
personnel tempo (PERSTEMPO)--a soldier's time away from home station--has
increased by 300 percent since 1989” (Army, 1997).

Soldiers expect some time away from their duty station because of
deployments, training, or temporary duty (TDY) in other locations. Many soldiers
like deployments (Willis, 1996a,b,c). Common reasons that young enlisted
personnel give for joining the Army are for adventure, travel, and to see the
world. Deployments help them achieve these desires. They enjoy the challenge
and new assignments.

However, there is concern that increased heavy PERSTEMPO may be
taking its toll on the soldiers. Anecdotal accounts indicate that problems may be
rising. Anecdotal examples of these problems are an increased strain on the
soldiers’ families, lowering of morale, decreased readiness, and a reduction in
retention (Pine, 1996, Fisher, 1996, Spence, 1997).

This report examines the available data from the spring versions of the
Sample Survey of Military Personnel (SSMP) for years 1994 through 1997 in an
effort to determine the relationship between PERSTEMPO and soldiers’ attitudes
and career intentions toward the Army.

METHOD

The SSMP is a survey that is administered to a systematic, stratified
random sample of Active Component Army officers and enlisted personnel two
times each year. It covers a variety of issues important to policy- and decision-
making Army leaders.



What is Your Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army?
Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 7.0 8.9 25.0 19.2
<1 week 9.6 66 28.6 2.9
1-12 weeks 7.9 7.2 11.6 12.5
13-26 weeks 6.2 11.2 24.9 22.8
27+ weeks 0.0 9.2 35.5 24.9
Elsewhere 9.4 9.9 9.3 10.2
<1 week 7.7 8.4 8.5 8.2
1-12 weeks 8.6 7.7 7.9 9.0
13-26 weeks 14.1 18.2 9.6 14.8
27+ weeks 14.0 48 26.8 12.5
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 6.9 9.4 23.2 18.0
<1 week 0.0 44 16.9 9.1
1-12 weeks 9.6 8.2 9.9 10.8
13-26 weeks 43 7.8 26.7 17.8
27+ weeks 36.6 35.4 33.8 32.3
Elsewhere 8.7 84 9.3 9.1
<1 week 8.6 5.1 9.2 9.9
1-12 weeks 6.2 7.8 8.8 7.9
13-26 weeks 14.5 13.7 9.7 12.2
27+ weeks 13.7 12.5 16.9 8.4

K-2



How Satisfied are You with Your Current Job? Satisfied or Very Satisfied

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 74.3 76.3 75.3
<1 week 73.2 76.3 72.7
1-12 weeks 75.4 78.6 77.1
13-26 weeks 72.7 74.0 73.3
27+ weeks 69.8 66.9 75.2
Female 69.8 72.7 70.4
<1 week 61.3 74.8 71.5
1-12 weeks 75.0 72.3 68.6
13-26 weeks 75.6 70.1 75.2
27+ weeks 42.9 71.0 53.7
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 53.6 57.1 55.0
<1 week 54.2 58.7 57.4
1-12 weeks 54.3 57.8 54.3
13-26 weeks 52.6 56.0 52.8
27+ weeks 54.7 50.1 53.9
Female 51.5 56.2 57.0
<1 week 55.9 55.1 57.5
1-12 weeks 45.7 56.9 56.9
13-26 weeks 478 52.6 51.2
27+ weeks 53.8 66.0 60.7



How Supportive is Your Spouse of Your Making a Career of the Army?
Fairly or Very Supportive

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 78.5 76.6 74.3 73.4
<1 week 83.5 76.5 75.2 69.0
1-12 weeks 77.6 774 76.9 76.0
13-26 weeks 75.6 73.5 71.8 74.2
27+ weeks 76.0 77.0 61.6 69.8
Married, children 85.0 83.8 83.6 80.7
<1 week 83.8 79.9 84.1 80.5
1-12 weeks 85.8 85.4 85.0 81.0
13-26 weeks 82.9 82.7 79.1 79.5
27+ weeks 87.7 79.6 82.1 82.8
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 64.0 60.0 59.6 54.9
< 1 week 61.1 59.2 62.5 57.3
1-12 weeks 66.6 61.6 63.7 §3.1
13-26 weeks 62.2 60.6 56.9 53.2
27+ weeks 56.7 58.9 416 56.1
Married, children 75.6 73.6 71.0 70.7
<1 week 74.4 74.7 70.3 71.9
1-12 weeks 76.8 75.7 71.3 71.4
13-26 weeks 73.0 70.7 69.8 68.4
27+ weeks 75.0 65.9 73.8 68.5

J-12



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Family/Personal

Life?

Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

63.1
62.6
65.1
69.9
39.3

54.6
56.5
55.1
52.5
54.9

Slight or None

1995,

56.9
56.8
55.6
63.8
49.2

52.9
55.3
52.8
53.0
40.7

1996

51.2
52.7
49.9
51.7
58.7

50.2
50.6
51.6
47.0
47.5

1996

50.3
50.0
49.9
53.3
476

51.5
52.0
50.8
53.1
50.4

1997

56.0
55.4
61.6
46.3
32.0

52.7
53.6
56.1
46.5
44.2

1997
56.6

58.9
59.7
42.9

52.6
56.4
52.4
49.8
46.5

1

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

18.8
15.4
20.0
11.5
55.4

21.8
19.6
21.7
23.9
23.9

1996

24.5
24.2
26.2
16.5
35.6

22.7
22.8
21.2
26.0
25.6

1997

21.3
16.3
19.4
33.4
44.3

24.6
21.1
22.9
29.1
33.4

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

24.5
26.8
23.7
15.2
36.0

26.8
26.3
26.9
25.4
34.1

1996

28.6
31.5
26.0
20.2
35.7

28.1
29.6
27.1
27.9
26.0

1997

25.5
25.3
23.5
23.2
36.7

27.7
24.7
28.4
29.9
33.0



How Would You Rate the Current Level of Morale in Your Unit? High or Very High

Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

46.2
43.0
47.4
45.2
40.3

31.4
29.2
31.8
29.5
29.9

36.8
37.2
38.2
34.7
31.0

1994

24.2
30.0
24.2
20.8
20.1

21.2
18.0
22.9
16.5
25.1

22.0
22.5
26.0
23.8
31.9

1995

39.4
38.7
41.1
38.1
29.0

31.6
35.7
32.6
27.2
20.9

36.4
41.3
34.6
36.2
36.8

1995

22.3
24.8
23.2
18.1
20.7

17.1
17.4
18.6
14.1
11.2

22.4
21.8
23.9
21.8
19.5

1996

34.2
43.3
36.7
29.6
26.5

37.7
33.5
39.7
38.0
30.9

33.4
33.9
34.9

20.9

1996

18.8
23.9
17.2
17.0
16.5

17.9
23.7
15.9
12.4
10.6

21.8
22.2
23.2
20.8

1997

34.4
43.6
36.4
30.1
27.0

30.6
30.3
34.6
24.7
24.4

32.9
31.9
34.5
29.9
25.2

1997

22.0
26.9
23.1
16.5
18.1

22.4
24.2
23.5
15.6
20.7

22.8
26.4
19.5
17.3
21.4



What are Your Current Active Duty Army Career Intentions? Stay

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 83.7 84.1 77.4 76.9
<1 week 82.9 77.9 70.4 71.9
1-12 weeks 82.4 87.1 779 75.1
13-26 weeks 85.4 82.6 81.6 80.3
27+ weeks 85.6 776 72.2 81.1
Combat Support!

Combat Service Support 81.9 80.3 79.0 74.2
<1 week 78.2 76.7 75.5 68.8
1-12 weeks 81.2 81.3 77.9 74.0
13-26 weeks 87.5 83.1 82.9 81.4
27+ weeks 84.8 69.9 81.6 68.4
Other Unit 83.5 89.0 89.5 86.3
< 1 week 84.6 83.1 80.4 82.6
1-12 weeks 87.4 90.9 88.2 87.8
13-26 weeks 88.2 90.6 87.3 87.4
27+ weeks 85.9 93.1 82.2 88.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 60.2 59.0 55.2 59.1
<1 week 59.7 49.0 50.6 56.5
1-12 weeks 58.3 61.7 54.6 56.3
13-26 weeks 65.2 60.0 60.1 63.1
27+ weeks 64.9 65.5 56.8 65.2
Combat Support!

Combat Service Support 64.9 64.9 61.8 63.5
<1 week 61.5 63.1 58.8 61.5
1-12 weeks 64.1 64.9 64.6 64.1
13-26 weeks 73.4 68.0 62.3 66.7
27+ weeks 64.7 65.0 64.7 66.2
Other Unit 65.0 77.0 65.1 64.3
< 1 week 71.4 75.6 65.4 64.6
1-12 weeks 81.2 81.2 67.4 66.0
13-26 weeks 73.4 72.3 63.1 60.1
27+ weeks 74.0 70.8 46.8 55.1



In general, how well has your family adjusted to the demands of being an “Army family”?
1 Extremely Well

2
3
4 Neither
5
6
7

Extremely Badly

How satisfied are you with your current job? [not asked in 1995]
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied

During the last 12 months, how many weeks have you been away from your duty station for your
military duties (including deployments, assignments, training, TDY)?

Not been away at all

Less than 1 week

Grid for Number of Weeks Away

What is your current marital status?
Married for the first time
Remarried, was divorced or widowed
Legally separated or filing for divorce
Divorced
Single and never married
Widowed

Where is your spouse currently living?
With me at my current CONUS location
With me at my current OCONUS location
Not with me and within the 48 continental U.S.
Not with me and outside the 48 continental U.S.

As defined above, how many dependent children do you have?
None
One
Two
Three or more

How many of your dependent children are now living with you?
None
One
Two
Three or more

Are you male or female?
Male
Female



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Military Job?

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Officers 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 33.7 28.0 33.9 31.3 34.4 29.9
<1 week 39.5 33.1 47.3 27.0 27.7 19.0
1-12 weeks 32.1 29.3 28.8 30.6 32.4 32.5
13-26 weeks 33.0 20.4 31.7 35.2 45.1 35.8
27+ weeks 29.8 28.4 21.3 43.9 29.7 35.6
2LT-CPT 31.8 28.4 29.6 31.7 35.4 35.4
<1 week 36.4 32.1 34.1 33.1 28.5 29.8
1-12 weeks 31.6 29.5 28.9 29.8 35.5 35.2
13-26 weeks 28.7 23.8 27.7 36.1 41.4 37.1
27+ weeks 30.1 20.5 24.3 31.3 42.4 47.2
MAJ-COL 32.7 28.5 30.9 33.1 37.1 34.6
<1 week 446 30.7 36.6 25.4 38.4 30.4
1-12 weeks 31.6 28.4 29.7 35.6 40.2 34.9
13-26 weeks 26.4 25.2 26.4 46.9 45.8 446
27+ weeks 21.8 28.4 28.0 52.7 48.5 44.9
Total Officer 32.4 28.4 30.7 33.1 37.1 34.6
<1 week 39.2 31.9 37.2 30.0 31.3 28.0
1-12 weeks 31.7 29.1 29.2 32.2 36.9 34.7
13-26 weeks 28.7 23.6 28.0 38.9 43.3 38.8
27+ weeks 28.2 23.7 24.5 38.6 411 44.2

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Enlisted 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 28.7 27.8 31.4 40.3 424 38.4
<1 week 32.2 31.3 34.4 38.1 40.7 36.7
1-12 weeks 28.0 26.0 29.8 38.3 415 39.0
13-26 weeks 22.0 22.9 23.7 47.4 46.3 41.9
27+ weeks 27.8 18.2 36.4 46.5 50.4 40.4
SGT-SSG 35.7 33.2 37.5 30.7 35.4 30.6
<1 week 42.8 35.1 42.2 25.4 33.1 28.7
1-12 weeks 34.8 31.7 33.6 30.7 34.8 29.6
13-26 weeks 30.0 32.8 34.3 34.1 37.8 35.9
27+ weeks 26.2 32.4 35.9 47.7 38.9 34.7
SFC-CSM 39.4 35.2 36.1 31.8 35.5 33.5
<1 week 45.2 42.9 37.5 27.0 30.6 33.9
1-12 weeks 36.7 32.1 40.1 30.9 37.6 32.1
13-26 weeks 39.6 24.4 28.2 38.3 40.6 34.5
27+ weeks 24.5 32.4 29.1 44.5 43.0 34.8
Tota! Enlisted 32.7 30.7 34.3 35.7 38.8 34.8
<1 week 37.2 34.1 37.4 32.7 36.9 33.7
1-12 weeks 31.8 28.9 32.8 34.4 38.6 34.5
13-26 weeks 278 27.1 28.7 40.5 41.9 38.3
27+ weeks 26.8 26.0 35.1 46.6 44.6 36.9

F-8



How Supportive is Your Spouse of Your Making a Career of the Army?
Fairly or Very Supportive

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 85.4 83.5 81.7 85.0
<1 week 89.4 87.7 86.6 85.9
1-12 weeks 86.3 83.5 80.5 84.6
13-26 weeks 79.6 80.8 81.8 84.3
27+ weeks 89.6 73.4 73.5 86.9
2LT-CPT 74.6 75.4 71.8 69.4
<1 week 771 73.1 73.2 68.2
1-12 weeks 73.2 77.4 72.3 68.7
13-26 weeks 75.0 721 70.8 72.3
27+ weeks 85.7 75.4 66.6 68.8
MAJ-COL 86.7 83.8 85.7 84.9
<1 week 86.7 78.5 85.7 79.9
1-12 weeks 86.7 84.7 88.2 86.6
13-26 weeks 87.7 86.9 778 82.7
27+ weeks 81.2 81.1 78.3 87.9
Total Officer 80.6 79.7 78.2 78.0
<1 week 82.1 77.3 79.3 75.6
1-12 weeks 80.3 81.3 79.7 79.2
13-26 weeks 79.4 78.0 75.0 77.3
27+ weeks 85.3 76.3 70.6 78.5
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 52.4 49.0 48.0 46.7
<1 week 53.0 52.0 50.2 52.7
1-12 weeks 51.3 48.2 49.2 43.2
13-26 weeks 475 44.2 38.9 41.4
27+ weeks 50.7 53.8 48.4 39.3
SGT-SSG 75.1 73.0 71.0 69.1
< 1 week 73.9 715 72.8 68.2
1-12 weeks 776 76.3 72.1 70.2
13-26 weeks 70.3 71.0 68.1 68.1
27+ weeks 72.9 64.5 60.6 69.2
SFC-CSM 87.6 86.8 87.1 87.7
<1 week 88.3 89.3 86.2 88.8
1-12 weeks 88.1 87.6 88.7 88.4
13-26 weeks 88.2 84.2 85.6 83.9
27+ weeks 76.9 80.4 87.6 84.9
Total Enlisted 66.9 64.4 62.9 65.2
<1 week 65.3 64.6 63.5 66.6
1-12 weeks 67.7 65.6 64.4 65.3
13-26 weeks 64.6 62.7 59.6 63.1
27+ weeks 66.9 62.6 59.2 63.6

F-12



In General, How Well Has Your Family Adjusted to the Demands of Being an “Army

Family”? Well
Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

85.9
85.5
88.1
82.4
66.9

77.8
71.2
81.7
74.9
64.9

1994

69.6
72.5
71.2
68.7
58.0

66.4
64.5
71.1
63.5
56.5

1995

84.8
81.8
87.4
82.8
70.6

80.5
80.2
82.5
76.6
62.0

1995

68.9
69.2

72.2
58.4

61.8
63.1
62.2
57.9
49.0

1996

83.7
82.7
85.3
81.4
79.3

81.2
74.2
90.1
66.7
29.5

1996

69.9
71.6
71.8
66.2
63.8

59.0
61.4
52.6
54.5
65.8

H-13

1997

83.0
79.3
85.3
82.6
77.5

79.4
82.2
81.6
62.2
71.7

1997

66.8
68.7
68.9
61.7
63.8

58.2
63.0
44.4
65.8
74.9



BT

Job Satisfaction !

While officers (74%-76%) were more likely than enlisted personnel (53%-
57%) to be satisfied with their jobs, there were no statistically significant
differences based on time away from duty station in rank, gender, race, type of
unit, family/marital situation, or location.



What is Your Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army?
Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 12.6 12.0 16.1 10.0
<1 week 14.1 47 9.5 7A
1-12 weeks 10.6 11.1 10.1 47
13-26 weeks 15.7 17.8 13.5 14.7
27+ weeks 17.5 7.1 40.8 22.8
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 10.1 11.1 12.8 13.3
<1 week 14.5 7.0 12.2 11.1
1-12 weeks 8.6 8.4 10.8 13.6
13-26 weeks 13.1 23.6 12.4 14.2
27+ weeks 14.4 4.3 27.1 15.3
Other Unit 6.2 75 7.4 10.4
<1 week 2.6 9.8 8.3 7.2
1-12 weeks 7.0 5.5 5.9 9.2
13-26 weeks 8.8 11.2 9.8 19.6
27+ weeks 8.1 45 12.9 11.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 8.7 9.0 12.6 11.2
<1 week 10.1 2.2 12.2 12.9
1-12 weeks 45 7.3 9.4 7.7
13-26 weeks 14.7 14.1 13.6 14.3
27+ weeks 19.8 15.5 26.5 16.3
Combat Support!

Combat Service Support 9.3 9.3 12.3 9.7
<1 week 10.8 5.7 12.1 7.3
1-12 weeks 9.2 9.3 8.3 86
13-26 weeks 7.2 12.4 18.3 15.2
27+ weeks 17.5 19.1 21.7 13.8
Other Unit 75 5.9 9.3 10.1
< 1 week 48 5.3 7.1 9.6
1-12 weeks 28 76 9.1 86
13-26 weeks 16.0 9.8 12.1 10.7
27+ weeks 9.1 18.0 32.5 27.6



PERSTEMPO: ITS EFFECTS ON SOLDIERS’ ATTITUDES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Research Requirement:

With the recent decreases in the U.S. Army of both personnel and
resources and with a concurrent increase in missions performed, there has been
concern that the amount of time soldiers are away from home station, or
Personnel Tempo (PERSTEMPO), may have a negative impact on the attitudes
of Active Component soldiers. This impact could, in turn, affect retention,
readiness, and morale. The research in this report investigates the relationships
between various amounts of time soldiers are away from their duty stations and
their attitudes toward the Army.

Procedure:

Responses made by Active Component U.S. Army officers and enlisted
personnel to the spring versions of the Sample Survey of Military Personnel
(SSMP) from 1994 through 1997 were analyzed with respect to time away from
duty station.

Findings:

The more time soldiers spend away from their duty station, the less likely
they are to report that they are satisfied with the “amount of time a soldier is
separated from family.” For those who are leaving or are thinking of leaving the
Army, the first most important reason for officers and the third most important
reason for enlisted personnel for leaving (about 10%) is the “amount of time
separated from family.” For officers and enlisted personnel as a whole, the
amount of time away from the duty station has no statistically significant
relationship with Army career intentions (leaving, staying in beyond the present
obligation, or staying in until retirement), readiness, morale, stress levels,
spouse support, family adjustment, and job satisfaction.

Utilization of Findings:
This research provides a baseline from which leaders may compare future

attitudes and intentions in relation to the amount of time a soldier spends away
from the duty station for deployments, training, etc.

vii



Describe How Well Prepared Your Unit Is to Perform Its Wartime Duties/Mission.

Well or Very Well Prepared
Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

63.6
62.7
64.1
65.6
52.9

51.8
46.8
55.1
53.6
43.3

1994
48.8

49.9
49.7
49.3

41.7
39.4
46.7
48.7
34.1

1995

58.7
59.7
58.6
60.2
477

51.3
49.0
51.3
56.3
55.2

1995
46.0

46.9
48.6
43.1

40.3
38.4
40.6
45.3
52.1

1996

64.3
67.7
65.0
59.4
62.3

55.2
53.0
59.7
42.3
53.0

1996

48.1
48.2
47.5
48.4
50.9

421
43.0
39.8

43.3

1997

63.9
62.4
65.1
62.3
61.9

55.8
58.8
53.3
57.7
60.4

1997

52.7
54.6
53.3
49.9
45.3

45.2
46.8
43.4
43.2
31.4



Officers 1994 1995

Combat Arms

<1 week 9
1-12 weeks 4
13-26 weeks 5
27+ weeks 10

Combat Support/Combat Service Support
<1 week 7 5
1-12 weeks 4 3
13-26 weeks 6 5
27+ weeks 15 10

Other Unit

<1 week 5
1-12 weeks 3
13-26 weeks 6
27+ weeks 13

Enlisted 1994 1995

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

ORwWD
oOnaAD

Combat Support/Combat Service Support

<1 week 5 5
1-12 weeks 3 3
13-26 weeks 5 5
27+ weeks 11 10
Other Unit

< 1 week 4 3
1-12 weeks 4 3
13-26 weeks 8 7
27+ weeks 12 13

1996

NOOO

oNA@

2Oon

1996

C-3

ODaAMN ODA

Roaw

1997

=
NOaSd

OO Mo

ODwWA

Onan ODA

RNoOAwW



What are Your Current Active Duty Army Career Intentions? Stay

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 84.3 85.8 83.4 82.7
<1 week 82.6 81.1 79.4 81.1
1-12 weeks 83.9 87.2 84.9 82.8
13-26 weeks 86.9 87.0 85.6 84.3
27+ weeks 86.8 80.7 80.2 82.1
Female 74.9 49.3 75.9 73.0
< 1 week 70.6 76.2 74.6 68.3
1-12 weeks 77.1 81.8 79.3 76.6
13-26 weeks 78.6 78.0 69.2 76.0
27+ weeks 61.4 72.9 44.1 47.7
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 64.0 64.1 61.3 63.1
<1 week 62.7 62.5 60.7 62.9
1-12 weeks 63.4 65.9 62.2 62.3
13-26 weeks 68.2 63.5 62.1 64.0
27+ weeks 65.4 64.2 59.7 64.5
Female 60.8 60.9 61.2 58.9
<1 week 59.0 60.8 62.8 61.0
1-12 weeks 63.2 61.6 62.5 56.8
13-26 weeks 57.7 59.8 57.5 60.6
27+ weeks 76.1 54.3 34.2 54.7



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
< 1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

35.5
43.4
34.7
35.3
33.6

35.0
43.0
32.6
34.2
33.2

35.2
37.6
35.4
33.3
22.9

Slight or None

1995

37.8
44.0
38.7
34.4
28.0

35.3
39.3
33.3
35.2
31.3

40.5
43.4
36.7
41.1
32.8

1996

36.0
48.3
33.3
33.7
36.8

30.4
31.3
31.1
24.2
39.2

31.2
33.7
31.6
27.9
20.7

1996

37.9
38.6
33.5
417
44.3

37.2
38.8
34.7
38.0
36.8

37.9
40.4
34.9
29.7
42.6

1997

35.5
43.0
38.9
30.7
27.5

31.5
32.9
29.7
31.9
37.2

33.8
39.1
32.8
30.9
18.0

1997

35.6
40.8
36.6
30.2
33.5

39.2
46.5

29.6
29.3

38.1
39.1
38.2
31.8
33.7

G-10

1995

31.0
23.3
28.9
35.3
41.9

38.1
33.7
39.5
37.6
44.5

37.0
32.5
36.8
40.7
57.5

1996

35.4
24.6
39.8
35.8
32.0

41.4
36.7
42.0
45.6
34.2

41.2
36.6
40.7
47.7
61.1

1997

32.2
29.0
27.7
36.4
43.7

37.9
34.9
37.4
41.41
39.2

38.0
32.5
37.3
43.5
61.8

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

37.4
33.1
36.4
39.0
46.0

39.1
37.7
40.7
37.4
39.0

34.4
32.5
34.2
38.2
49.4

1996

39.5
40.3
40.5
37.9
35.8

37.2
34.6
41.0
37.8
31.3

38.14
37.6
39.0
38.4
30.8

1997

38.6
35.2
39.1
40.8
38.8

39.6
34.7
39.7
46.6
48.3

39.5
39.9
35.9
43.7
54.1



Appendix B: Number of Respondents per Group

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer

< 1 week 114 194 129 142
1-12 weeks 449 457 238 242
13-26 weeks 190 174 129 164
27+ weeks 50 40 62 121
2LT-CPT

<1 week 401 1163 351 343
1-12 weeks 1120 2044 714 759
13-26 weeks 495 805 394 452
27+ weeks 100 201 265 227
MAJ-COL

<1 week 262 658 215 265
1-12 weeks 1038 1829 785 953
13-26 weeks 233 357 233 260
27+ weeks 43 69 90 124
Total Officer

< 1 week 777 2015 695 750
1-12 weeks 2607 4330 1737 1954
13-26 weeks 918 1336 756 876
27+ weeks 193 310 417 472
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL

< 1 week 849 1306 727 923
1-12 weeks 1170 1098 567 705
13-26 weeks 400 393 217 244
27+ weeks 98 142 106 99
SGT-SSG

< 1 week 369 653 345 316
1-12 weeks 800 811 369 367
13-26 weeks 416 335 210 191
27+ weeks 107 86 125 124
SFC-CSM

<1 week 391 724 460 375
1-12 weeks 765 908 554 485
13-26 weeks 294 282 304 229
27+ weeks 104 83 132 154
Total Enlisted

<1 week 1609 2683 1532 1614
1-12 weeks 2735 2817 1490 1557
13-26 weeks 1110 1010 731 664
27+ weeks 309 311 363 377

B-1



Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/Combat Service Support

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support/Combat Service Support

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994 1995
47.0 51.8
46.5 47.4
45.7 54.2
36.6 66.7
40.1 54.2
39.2 46.8
37.8 50.3
44.2 61.2
38.9 36.8
27.0 30.5
34.2 34.2
33.3 38.6
1994 1995
53.2 59.3
52.8 49.1
45.6 49.9
43.3 49.1
51.9 52.0
45.2 46.3
40.3 46.7
41.0 57.6
62.9 33.9
57.0 27.2
63.9 32.0
69.4 51.8

1996

60.2
49.0
59.1
60.3

42.7
46.3
43.5
53.4

35.2
24.0
26.6

1996

58.8
52.3
46.0
416

45.5
40.3
35.9
42.1

40.8
38.0
45.2

E-3

1997

52.1
57.3
55.9
51.6

52.4
47.5
46.8
51.3

32.3
25.0
30.5
35.0

1997

60.3

50.3
50.6

55.7
43.9
49.5
34.6

48.0
43.6
49.7
54.7



Describe How Well Prepared You Are to Perform Your Wartime Duties/Mission.
Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 77.3 72.3 72.4 74.6
<1 week 63.9 68.3 58.8 71.7
1-12 weeks 78.5 73.4 76.1 76.0
13-26 weeks 81.4 72.0 75.6 75.8
27+ weeks 70.2 17 69.2 68.0
Combat Support!

Combat Service Support 71.3 69.1 74.3 74.5
<1 week 61.7 67.9 69.6 73.0
1-12 weeks 73.9 70.2 75.0 78.1
13-26 weeks 75.0 69.5 75.7 69.7
27+ weeks 60.0 64.3 76.5 70.1
Other Unit 73.5 72.3 72.6 73.3
<1 week 71.8 65.1 68.7 67.0
1-12 weeks 76.7 72.6 73.0 74.9
13-26 weeks 80.6 80.4 79.3 76.8
27+ weeks 67.8 78.3 75.6 79.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 71.8 67.4 73.9 70.7
< 1 week 70.6 57.9 66.9 61.4
1-12 weeks 69.4 67.3 72.1 73.3
13-26 weeks 774 75.2 82.6 75.5
27+ weeks 76.6 63.1 78.2 67.4
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 68.1 61.7 67.8 67.2
< 1 week 58.8 54.4 60.1 62.0
1-12 weeks 70.9 63.2 70.1 66.2
13-26 weeks 77.8 70.4 72.8 72.9
27+ weeks 70.4 59.4 84.1 81.4
Other Unit 59.6 62.7 60.9 61.9
<1 week 56.9 58.4 56.9 60.0
1-12 weeks 70.9 65.6 64.1 60.5
13-26 weeks 74.3 72.7 69.5 69.5
27+ weeks 76.5 72.9 776 76.4



Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

614
2288
832
178

166
319
86
15

1994

1335
2510
1044

293

274
225
66
16

1995

609
1938
771
178

1406
2392
565
132

1995

1313
1756
746
241

1370
1061
264

1996

576
1509
698
389

119
228

28

1996

1215
1323
689
337

B-4

1997

612
1724
800
447

138

230

25

1997

1252
1386
621
352



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Family/Personal Life?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

60.6
57.8
64.4
64.6
35.4

49.8
56.5
50.0
45.8
45.2

Slight or None

1995

49.6
49.4
49.5
51.4
38.2

44.6
47.2
44.3
45.4
31.9

1996

55.1
59.8
51.4
54.1
63.7

46.6
476
50.2
41.8
30.2

1996

45.7
45.3
47.0
45.0
43.0

417
42.7
42.1
43.7
30.6

1997

53.7
60.5
52.5
44.8
31.9

50.5
53.3
53.3
43.1
42.5

1997

51.3
476
53.8
55.3
49.1

46.1
47.7
44.0
46.9
48.9

1995

14.5
19.0
11.5
10.6
32.1

23.2
20.3
22.5
26.3
30.8

1996

23.9
22.1
24.2
22.4
33.8

25.7
25.5
22.3
30.2
39.4

1997

244
22.7
20.3
33.5
45.5

25.4
23.4
23.6
28.3
32.9

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

26.9
28.2
26.1
21.9
44.8

30.8
30.4
30.9
28.6
39.7

1996

30.4
34.1
24.4
31.2
36.0

34.0
32.8
32.6
32.9
475

1997

28.4
29.8
28.9
22.3
27.2

30.5
30.3
30.2
31.6
28.8



Describe How Well Prepared Your Unit Is to Perform Its Wartime Duties/Mission.

Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994
Warrant Officer 53.9
<1 week 57.7
1-12 weeks 51.7
13-26 weeks 52.5
27+ weeks 66.8
2LT-CPT 59.2
<1 week 55.7
1-12 weeks 60.6
13-26 weeks 63.3
27+ weeks 43.3
MAJ-COL 70.3
<1 week 66.2
1-12 weeks 70.8
13-26 weeks 771
27+ weeks 59.3
Total Officer 62.1
<1 week 59.4
1-12 weeks 63.1
13-26 weeks 64.7
27+ weeks 52.2
Enlisted 1994
PV2-CPL 46.2
<1 week 43.2
1-12 weeks 48.5
13-26 weeks 49.1
27+ weeks 42.5
SGT-SSG 46.1
<1 week 43.9
1-12 weeks 476
13-26 weeks 45.2
27+ weeks 43.7
SFC-CSM 58.8
<1 week 51.0
1-12 weeks 58.8
13-26 weeks 64.9
27+ weeks 69.5
Total Enlisted 47.9
<1 week 44.5
1-12 weeks 49.6
13-26 weeks 49.6
27+ weeks 48.3

1995

49.3
63.1
48.0
43.1
33.9

57.0
55.6
56.2
61.1
49.4

62.9
58.9
63.1
67.0
59.9

57.8
57.7
57.7
59.8
48.4

1995

44.7
41.2
44.4
50.7
471

42.9
41.3
44.5
43.3
36.5

53.5
476
56.6
57.4
49.0

45.2
42.4
46.2
48.4
43.7

1996

58.7
66.4
56.2
57.3
51.7

62.1
65.7
62.9
56.1
62.6

66.5
63.0
68.5
62.3
69.8

63.1
65.0
64.2
58.1
61.8

1996

F-5

44.5
43.9
43.7
44.4
53.5

47.0
477
47.2
48.5
42.5

58.4
58.6
56.4
58.5
64.8

47.3
47.1
46.7
48.4
50.3

1997

58.6
59.6
61.8
50.4
55.6

59.1
56.6
58.1
59.6
67.3

70.5
71.8
70.8
75.0
53.9

62.8
61.7
63.6
61.9
91.8

1997

51.0
50.6
53.0
51.0
38.5

50.2
55.6
49.8
43.5
43.7

57.3
55.5
55.9
62.0
61.6

51.6
52.9
52.2
49.5
44.2



Describe How Well Prepared You Are to Perform Your Wartime Duties/Mission.
Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 70.2 66.9 71.8 76.0
<1 week 67.6 63.8 68.5 65.4
1-12 weeks 74.4 69.7 76.7 80.2
13-26 weeks 69.0 71.9 63.7 85.2
27+ weeks 52.4 53.8 76.6 89.7
White 74.9 70.9 73.6 73.9
< 1 week 68.1 65.7 67.5 70.2
1-12 weeks 76.1 70.8 74.6 75.5
13-26 weeks 80.4 75.0 776 74.9
27+ weeks 70.4 74.5 75.2 69.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 62.6 58.6 64.9 64.7
<1 week 57.3 54.8 57.2 57.9
1-12 weeks 63.7 59.4 68.2 70.8
13-26 weeks 72.9 72.1 78.8 69.0
27+ weeks 75.4 58.1 80.3 71.9
White 68.5 62.6 67.6 66.5
< 1 week 59.6 53.2 60.8 61.3
1-12 weeks 69.8 64.6 68.1 65.9
13-26 weeks 77.4 71.1 76.9 74.1
27+ weeks 74.8 62.6 78.3 72.0



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Family/Personal Life?

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Officers 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 52.5 49.9 49.3 22.0 24.6 25.0
< 1 week 48.9 48.5 55.3 24.7 22.6 23.6
1-12 weeks 55.5 55.0 51.5 20.4 21.2 20.3
13-26 weeks 52.8 50.1 45.8 22.8 26.0 29.3
27+ weeks 42.4 36.3 44.5 26.3 32.7 32.0
Combat Support!
Combat Service Support 48.9 46.7 476 24.1 27.2 25.4
<1 week 56.2 52.9 53.5 21.0 26.0 16.8
1-12 weeks 49.1 48.9 49.9 23.3 22.4 26.1
13-26 weeks 45.7 42.5 38.4 26.1 32.4 30.1
27+ weeks 37.6 30.3 43.1 35.2 46.0 30.0
Other Unit 51.4 48.1 52.5 21.5 24.9 24.6
<1 week 58.5 50.2 54.2 18.8 24.7 24.9
1-12 weeks 50.9 50.7 54.1 21.3 23.0 23.4
13-26 weeks 43.9 38.7 46.9 26.3 28.5 26.9
27+ weeks 50.6 31.6 40.6 26.7 38.9 31.7

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Enlisted 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 45.3 40.7 48.0 30.8 34.2 30.6
<1 week 51.3 41.2 46.4 28.1 37.1 33.3
1-12 weeks 45.9 38.2 49.8 30.6 33.8 25.9
13-26 weeks 46.0 46.1 47.3 29.4 28.3 34.0
27+ weeks 26.9 38.2 44.4 41.4 39.8 37.1
Combat Support/
Combat Service Support 44.8 43.3 45.8 30.0 33.7 31.3
<1 week 46.3 44.5 45.2 30.9 32.1 30.6
1-12 weeks 45.6 47.7 43.9 29.8 30.3 33.2
13-26 weeks 42.0 38.3 45.8 26.6 37.5 35.1
27+ weeks 39.0 29.9 46.7 37.0 476 25.1
Other Unit 49.5 43.6 47.2 26.8 31.7 29.9
< 1 week 50.2 45.0 46.8 27.1 31.7 30.2
1-12 weeks 49.5 41.5 45.8 26.0 30.7 32.0
13-26 weeks 50.6 44.8 45.9 24.5 30.8 24.2
27+ weeks 30.9 36.7 66.1 40.7 47.1 16.3



Describe How Well Prepared Your Unit Is to Perform Its Wartime Duties/Mission.
Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 62.8 58.1 71.8 71.4
<1 week 67.1 56.2 71.9 63.8
1-12 weeks 64.1 59.1 71.1 75.3
13-26 weeks 62.1 66.5 71.2 68.5
27+ weeks 40.0 39.3 83.5 87.9
White 62.7 58.2 62.9 62.2
<1 week 58.6 57.8 64.6 61.4
1-12 weeks 63.9 58.0 64.5 63.0
13-26 weeks 65.3 60.0 57.8 61.2
27+ weeks 54.6 52.1 60.9 60.2
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 46.4 44.9 49.4 55.2
< 1 week 43.6 43.0 52.4 55.8
1-12 weeks 47.4 47.4 45.4 54.5
13-26 weeks 47.9 46.6 50.9 59.9
27+ weeks 47.0 32.7 49.4 43.8
White 48.2 45.0 46.4 50.6
<1 week 44.4 40.3 45.8 52.2
1-12 weeks 50.3 45.0 45.9 52.8
13-26 weeks 48.0 50.9 476 45.9

27+ weeks 495 445 494 425



How Supportive is Your Spouse of Your Making a Career of the Army?
Fairly or Very Supportive

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 80.3 79.4 77.7 78.2
< 1 week 75.8 85.1 80.9 83.4
1-12 weeks 79.5 82.1 80.4 82.8
13-26 weeks 81.2 75.6 78.0 73.7
27+ weeks 90.6 73.4 72.5 75.7
Elsewhere 80.7 79.7 78.3 78.0
<1 week 82.4 77.0 79.3 75.4
1-12 weeks 80.4 81.2 79.7 78.9
13-26 weeks 79.0 78.3 74.6 779
27+ weeks 84.5 76.8 69.4 80.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 75.3 70.4 58.1 63.8
<1 week 81.4 64.1 56.9 76.6
1-12 weeks 75.7 73.3 65.8 58.0
13-26 weeks 71.8 71.2 51.1 65.8
27+ weeks 82.0 63.8 55.3 64.8
Elsewhere 65.3 63.6 63.7 65.4
<1 week 63.8 64.5 63.9 66.0
1-12 weeks 66.2 64.7 64.3 66.1
13-26 weeks 62.3 60.5 62.4 62.4
27+ weeks 64.2 63.7 62.1 63.0

K-12



Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

224

438
774
335

1995

126
129

16

642
1371
525
135

1995

413
286
63
32

626
754
337
112

216
493
270
193

1996

158
125
40
26

380
388
202

92

D-2

222
593
338
191

1997

426
455
216

96



RESULTS

In an effort to present a great deal of data succinctly, only the main findings
per topic area are presented in this section. Specific percentages (as well as
group sizes and sampling errors) for each topic are listed in the tables in
Appendices B-K.

Overall, there were very few statistically significant differences over the
years (1994-1997). And, most of those were a one-year “high” or “low” that
returned to the norm on subsequent year(s). Any trends throughout the years are
specifically noted.

Satisfaction with the Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers as a whole (52%-60%) were more likely than enlisted personnel
(39%-42%) to report being satisfied with the “amount of time separated from
family.” For both officers and enlisted personnel, those who were away from
home 12 weeks or less were more likely than those who were away from home
13 or more weeks to report being satisfied with the amount of time separated
from family. This decrease in the level of satisfaction at about 13 weeks holds
regardless of rank, gender, race, type of unit, family/marital situation, or location.
See Figures 1 and 2.

In most cases, the levels of satisfaction among the various groups have
remained stable from 1994 to 1997. The few cases where reported levels of
satisfaction have decreased from 1994 to 1997 are as follows:

e Officers in Combat Support/Combat Service Support units and who report
being away from 1-12 weeks (61% in 1994, 48% in 1997)

e Officers in “Other” units and who report being away 13 or more weeks (51%
in 1994, 37% in 1997 for 13 to 26 weeks away; 42% in 1994, 30% in 1997 for
27 or more weeks away)

e Enlisted personnel in Combat Support/Combat Service Support units and
who report being away from 13-26 weeks (35% in 1994, 23% in 1997)

e Enlisted personnel in “Other” units and who report being away less than one
week (63% in 1994, 48% in 1997).



How Would You Rate the Current Level of Morale in Your Unit? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 31.9 28.1 30.6 25.8
<1 week 34.9 34.7 28.8 25.4
1-12 weeks 31.8 30.6 30.6 28.9
13-26 weeks 28.6 20.5 30.2 20.5
27+ weeks 39.2 12.9 32.0 24.8
2LT-CPT 37.3 37.2 32.8 30.6
<1 week 34.7 40.1 35.3 31.6
1-12 weeks 38.9 35.8 34.4 31.3
13-26 weeks 35.5 36.8 29.9 28.4
27+ weeks 30.5 34.3 23.3 27.4
MAJ-COL 42.0 35.8 39.4 39.2
<1 week 39.3 38.8 38.2 40.9
1-12 weeks 411 35.9 40.8 41.4
13-26 weeks 48.7 35.5 36.7 33.7
27+ weeks 39.4 30.4 32.2 21.8
Total Officer 38.1 35.4 34.7 32.7
<1 week 36.2 38.9 35.0 33.2
1-12 weeks 38.7 35.1 36.4 35.0
13-26 weeks 37.5 33.9 31.9 28.5
27+ weeks 34.5 29.0 26.8 25.6
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 20.5 16.6 18.3 22.0
<1 week 20.6 17.8 22.3 27.3
1-12 weeks 21.9 16.7 17.5 19.2
13-26 weeks 14.1 13.4 11.2 13.1
27+ weeks 21.9 14.3 8.6 19.7
SGT-SSG 20.5 19.2 17.2 19.3
<1 week 19.8 21.4 19.7 20.6
1-12 weeks 20.6 20.1 17.1 21.3
13-26 weeks 18.3 14.5 15.1 15.3
27+ weeks 22.7 13.3 13.4 16.3
SFC-CSM 35.4 32.6 31.8 32.2
<1 week 33.8 31.6 32.7 32.4
1-12 weeks 36.1 33.8 30.2 32.7
13-26 weeks 36.1 33.0 32.4 31.4
27+ weeks 30.1 29.0 25.8 32.8
Total Enlisted 22.6 19.7 19.8 22.5
<1 week 22.2 20.8 23.0 25.8
1-12 weeks 23.4 20.4 19.0 22.0
13-26 weeks 19.1 16.5 16.3 16.7
27+ weeks 23.9 16.2 12.8 19.8

F-7



Responses to questions from the spring versions of the SSMP from 1994
through 1997 supplied data for this report (actual questions are listed in
Appendix A). Topics covered in this report include satisfaction with the amount
of time separated from family, the most important reason for leaving or thinking
about leaving the Army, Army career intentions, readiness of unit and individual,
morale of unit and individual, family/personal life and military job stress, spouse
support, family adjustment, and satisfaction with the current job. Each of these
topics is examined in relation to several variables: time away (number of weeks
away) from duty station during the preceding 12 months, rank, gender, race, type
of unit, family/marital situation, and location-USAREUR/other locations. See
Table 1 for further details on the categories for analysis.

Time Away from Duty Station
Less than one week
1 to 12 weeks
13 to 26 weeks
More than 27 weeks
Rank
Officers
Warrant (W1-CW5)
Company grade (2LT-CPT
Field grade (MAJ-COL)
Enlisted Personnel
Junior enlisted (PV2-CPL)
Junior NCOs (SGT-SSG)
Senior NCOs (SFC-CSM)
Gender
Male
Female
Race
Black
White
Type of Unit
Combat Arms
Combat Support/Combat Service Support
Other (TDA units, Joint Command, Allied Command, Other)
Family/Marital Situation
Married and has children living with them
Married and does not have children living with them
Single and has children living with them
Single and does not have children living with them
Location
Soldiers living in USAREUR
Soldiers living in other locations (whether CONUS or OCONUS)
Table 1. Analysis Groups.



Appendix F: Data by Rank

How satisfied are you with the amount of time separated from family?

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 54.9 417 45.3 47.6
<1 week 66.3 52.4 58.7 58.1
1-12 weeks 63.7 53.2 50.3 55.7
13-26 weeks 37.1 34.9 31.2 29.4
27+ weeks 23.2 18.9 25.7 25.9
2LT-CPT 55.8 54.4 49.3 48.0
<1 week 61.1 60.8 59.0 54.3
1-12 weeks 60.1 60.7 56.6 54.4
13-26 weeks 42.0 40.3 32.8 37.4
27+ weeks 33.6 22.4 17.8 25.4
MAJ-COL 68.2 63.7 64.0 59.0
<1 week 80.8 71.4 76.4 69.2
1-12 weeks 70.8 69.6 68.6 64.0
13-26 weeks 45.7 43.9 40.8 40.3
27+ weeks 36.6 20.3 20.6 19.2
Total Officer 60.2 56.7 54.0 51.9
<1 week 69.1 62.6 64.6 59.8
1-12 weeks 64.9 63.3 60.7 58.7
13-26 weeks 41.9 40.5 35.0 36.9
27+ weeks 31.7 21.2 20.0 23.9
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 32.3 33.2 32.4 34.0
<1 week 39.7 38.3 38.1 37.5
1-12 weeks 32.6 36.5 33.3 34.3
13-26 weeks 23.9 19.5 18.9 24.7
27+ weeks 176 22.3 20.7 24.2
SGT-SSG 45.1 415 45.4 40.7
<1 week 52.8 52.6 56.2 49.3
1-12 weeks 49.6 43.8 46.2 41.0
13-26 weeks 35.3 26.5 37.4 35.3
27+ weeks 19.8 25.2 16.7 25.3
SFC-CSM 59.1 54.6 48.4 49.1
<1 week 74.41 59.4 57.8 58.5
1-12 weeks 61.6 59.4 50.6 52.3
13-26 weeks 416 44.2 36.3 32.6
27+ weeks 30.1 21.8 23.0 23.9
Total Enlisted 42.0 40.2 40.3 39.4
<1 week 50.0 47.2 48.0 45.3
1-12 weeks 44.8 43.6 415 52.3
13-26 weeks 32.4 26.7 30.5 32.6
27+ weeks 21.2 23.3 19.2 23.9

FA



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Family/Personal

Life?

Officers

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
41-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

54.7
62.4
56.8
51.5
44.5

55.2
57.6
55.5
52.8
55.3

Slight or None

1995

52.7
50.3
56.2
53.8
34.7

53.8
56.1
52.4
54.5
43.6

1996

53.4
55.1
54.2
48.1
57.6

50.6
51.6
51.7
475
46.1

1996

56.0
49.1
53.2
61.7
57.7

50.4
52.0
49.0
51.5
45.3

1997

48.2
49.1
57.4
478
37.6

53.8
53.5
56.7
47.6
47.9

1997

50.2
55.9
51.2

40.6

52.5
53.6
53.1
48.5
48.6

K-11

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

21.0
15.9
19.9
23.0
25.5

21.4
18.5
21.4
24.1
28.1

1996

21.5
25.0
21.9
20.4
21.2

23.3
23.1
21.8
26.5
28.2

1997

27.2
29.1
19.3
29.9
33.4

23.8
21.2
22.2
29.0
31.9

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

26.9
29.5
25.6
24.0
38.1

26.5
26.2
26.8
23.8
34.7

1996

23.8
276
25.1
24.0
18.5

28.8
29.7
27.6
26.3
35.4

1997

29.1
29.1
26.6
24.9
35.5

27.5
26.2
26.9
31.1
32.4



Are you of Hispanic/Spanish origin or ancestry (of any race)?
No
Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano
Yes, Puerto Rican
Yes, Cuban
Yes, other Hispanic/Spanish

What is your racial background?
American Indian, Eskimo or Aleut
Asian or Pacific Islander
Black
White

To what kind of unit are you currently assigned?
Combat Arms (CA) (TOE units only)
Combat Support (CS) (TOE units only)
Combat Service Support (CSS) (TOE units only)
Joint Command
Allied Command
Other Command (TDA units)
Do not know

To which major command, agency, or field operating agency are you assigned?
(list of commands given)

A4



DISCUSSION

Generally, soldiers’ attitudes about the Army, actual intentions to remain in
the Army, morale, stress levels, and job satisfaction do not appear to be effected
by the number of weeks away from their duty stations. What does seem to be
effected is reported satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the “amount of time
separated from the family.” These differences typically become apparent when
the soldier has been away from the duty station 13 or more weeks.

(These results, however, must be considered with caution. These results
came from available data. The questions from which these results were drawn
were not specifically designed to look at PERSTEMPO issues and therefore,
may not be asking the right questions to get at the issue. In addition, because of
sampling the entire Active Component Army, small groups of soldiers that may
be more heavily affected by PERSTEMPO would go unnoticed because their
sampled numbers would be too small to demonstrate reliable differences.)

In any case, deployments are here to stay. Without them, the Army could
not fulfill its missions. With the drawdown, there are fewer soldiers and the
number of missions has increased. As some units are deployed, other units in
garrison work longer hours picking up the duties of the deployed units. Some
units have back-to-back deployments with barely enough time for soldiers to put
things away before they need to take them out again. These reasons may be at
the basis of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the “amount of time separated from
the family.” This question may represent a range of concerns, not only time
while deployed, but anything that effects time away from home and family such
as longer working hours or short-term TDY. Perhaps, future questions could
break out these two different concepts of “time away from family” into “amount of
time at work” as well as “amount of time away (from duty station).”

Nevertheless, intentions to remain in the Army beyond the present
obligation or until retirement continue to remain high. Retention rates remain
constant. Self-reported readiness levels remain high. There is no strong, direct
evidence that the fast PERSTEMPO is hurting the Army.

This report can serve as a baseline of data for PERSTEMPO issues as
monitoring of the soldiers and their situations continues.

10



PERSTEMPO: ITS EFFECTS ON SOLDIERS’ ATTITUDES

CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION .......ccecssssssessssssessscscscssseseaeseecncecasenessnenerenacarsesenenasanennenenaees 1
METHOD 1
RESULTS wu. ccsccssscssccssecsessessstssessssssssssesecsseessesnesneesneennssseesnsssessessenseenensennenaes 3
Satisfaction with the Amount of Time Separated from Family... 3
Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About
Leaving the Army.......seecscssessesereessssssessnennesnnensseansensenseansnreneransateenes 5
Army Career Intentions..........sssssssesssssssssesssenersseneenssneneessessaseees 5
Unit and Individual REAdiness..........ccseseceesseeeesseseessseesenenesensenenerenes 6
Unit and Individual Morale 7
Family/Personal Life and Military Job Stress ........ssesssecssseesneerstessstees 7
Spouse Support and Family Adjustment ........sssececseeseerneeeeeneeneesees 8

JOb Satisfaction ....cccssssessssessessseeessssssssessseeessssssseessetenensesetsesssseseseenees 9

DISCUSSION ... 10
REFERENCES ........ccccsssscsesesssescsessssenscsesesnenenessasarssseseeetnegsesseeesenensasecisens 1
APPENDIX A. LIST OF SSMP QUESTIONS USED ........... es steseesseeeeee A-1

B. NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PER GROUP...

C. SAMPLING ERRORS PER GROUP.........::esseessseessseseesees C-1

ix



Appendix K: Data by Location

How satisfied are you with the amount of time separated from family?

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 57.5 46.0 36.2 33.8
<1 week 81.6 58.2 59.8 74.7
1-12 weeks 62.9 57.9 52.7 50.8
13-26 weeks 43.3 31.7 31.1 25.4
27+ weeks 25.0 12.4 11.5 14.9
Elsewhere 60.5 57.6 55.7 53.7
<1 week 68.5 62.8 64.8 59.5
1-12 weeks 65.1 63.8 61.2 59.2
13-26 weeks 41.7 41.8 35.6 38.6
27+ weeks 32.5 22.9 25.1 28.8
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 46.2 417 31.0 32.5
< 1 week 61.9 56.0 51.7 61.6
1-12 weeks 51.7 48.5 48.0 40.8
13-26 weeks 31.9 29.9 22.0 20.8
27+ weeks 28.5 14.8 9.3 16.0
Elsewhere 41.3 40.3 47 40.3
<1 week 48.9 46.2 47.8 44.4
1-12 weeks 43.5 43.8 40.8 40.4
13-26 weeks 32.5 25.7 33.1 33.4
27+ weeks 20.0 25.6 26.0 29.4

K-1



What is Your Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army?
Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 75 7.6 10.7 10.2
<1 week 46 68 10.4 5.8
1-12 weeks 6.8 6.2 7.3 7.9
13-26 weeks 12.2 16.6 10.9 16.3
27+ weeks 7.6 3.0 28.8 17.5
Female 18.3 13.1 12.2 15.5
<1 week 17.5 13.9 48 16.2
1-12 weeks 19.5 16.1 11.9 15.9
13-26 weeks 17.5 20.8 25.4 13.0
27+ weeks 35.4 29.7 49.3 15.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 78 8.5 10.2 941
<1 week 6.4 3.2 8.7 7.3
1-12 weeks 5.8 7.5 7.1 6.4
13-26 weeks 12.5 11.7 14.4 14.3
27+ weeks 16.2 16.9 23.9 17.9
Female 12.7 16.7 17.7 17.6
<1 week 14.1 10.8 13.0 18.0
1-12 weeks 13.8 13.2 23.8 21.0
13-26 weeks 10.4 21.4 13.2 3.8
27+ weeks 8.9 21.0 40.9 13.4



Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

1994

214
647
230

340
1338
418
83

199
526
241

10
50

1994

337
601
230

76

560
4115
539
141

602
870
292

66

64
66

10

1995

497
1204
385

731
1763
495
95

20
24

98
161
33

1995

507
590
223

62

907
1107
426
151

202
135

6

1996

159
472
194
137

328
880
358
152

183
353
192
121

1996

B-5

316
309
177

96

613
690
368
179

514
433
166

78

68
39
10

7

1997

212
497
240
140

325
1021
419
223

181
395
194

97

25

10

1997

320
318
151
100

566
619
294
185

628
535
194

71



rank groups, there were no statistically significant differences in intentions to
remain in the Army based on time away from duty station.

Male officers (83%-86%) were more likely than female officers (73%-79%)
to report that they plan on staying beyond their present obligation or until
retirement. Differences between male and female officers based on time away
from duty station were not statistically significant. For enlisted personnel (59%-
64%), whether male or female, there were no statistically significant in intentions
to remain in the Army based on time away from duty station.

Differences in career intentions based on time away from duty station for
race, type of unit, family/marital situation, and location were not statistically
significant.

Unit and Individual Readiness

Officers (70%-74%) were more likely than enlisted personnel (61%-66%) to
report that they were well or very well prepared to perform their wartime
duties/mission. Officers (58%-63%) were more likely than enlisted personnel
(45%-52%) to report that their unit is well or very well prepared to perform its
wartime duties/mission.

Field grade officers (75%-80%) were more likely than company grade
officers (67%-71%) to report that they were well or very well prepared to perform
their wartime duties/mission. Differences based on time away from duty station
were not statistically significant for officers.

NCOs (67%-78%) were more likely than junior enlisted (53%-59%) to report
that they were well or very well prepared to perform their wartime duties/mission.
Enlisted personnel, regardless of rank, (63%-80%) who have been away 13 or
more weeks were more likely than enlisted personnel (54%-61%) who were
away less than one week to report that they were well or very well prepared to
perform their wartime duties/mission.

While male officers (73%-76%) and male enlisted personnel (64%-70%)
were more likely than female officers (54%-62%) and female enlisted personnel
(43%-48%) to report that they were well or very well prepared to perform their
wartime duties/mission, there were no statistically significant differences for
either gender based on time away from duty station.



Officers

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Enlisted

Married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, no children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Not married, children
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

1994

Roan

aawa

=

=
BORN

OnhwrA

1995

Cawn

OANA

20

Dv AA

anww

1996

C-5

onwn oNaO

onan

OGNQDOD

Noa ap

1997

OORN

Naw

=
Saan

NORAD



What are Your Current Active Duty Army Career Intentions? Stay

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 81.2 81.9 79.4 80.0
<1 week 81.1 76.8 75.8 80.0
1-12 weeks 81.3 82.2 81.8 80.0
13-26 weeks 80.3 84.9 82.9 80.1
27+ weeks 78.3 84.9 65.9 78.4
Married, children 88.6 90.2 89.3 88.7
<1 week 85.9 86.5 84.6 87.1
1-12 weeks 88.1 91.0 90.8 88.5
13-26 weeks 93.4 92.0 89.7 89.5
27+ weeks 91.4 86.3 92.5 90.8
Not married, no children 724 88.9 69.7 67.3
<1 week 69.6 78.6 68.3 60.0
1-12 weeks 70.0 93.1 68.5 68.1
13-26 weeks 77.7 100.0 73.3 76.7
27+ weeks 79.5 100.0 70.0 61.4
Not married, children 88.7 89.6 84.9 85.4
<1 week 89.2 80.0 80.2 90.8
1-12 weeks 92.6 96.4 86.2 86.7
13-26 weeks 72.6 100.0 60.6
27+ weeks 100.0 100.0 100.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 66.8 64.3 59.9 64.4
<1 week 62.2 64.5 61.0 63.0
1-12 weeks 67.0 66.1 60.0 65.3
13-26 weeks 71.9 62.3 63.0 64.3
27+ weeks 70.8 57.2 53.4 63.8
Married, children 78.5 78.6 76.0 77.4
<1 week 76.7 776 75.2 774A
1-12 weeks 79.4 794 ° 79.2 76.2
13-26 weeks 79.2 79.4 72.4 83.7
27+ weeks 76.4 775 71.0 75.3
Not married, no children 44.2 48.5 43.9 42.6
<1week 46.7 44.0 45.2 45.9
1-12 weeks 42.7 49.3 42.1 40.8
13-26 weeks 45.6 28.6 44.41 38.5
27+ weeks 40.8 83.8 42.4 43.7
Not married, children 73.4 70.5 62.3 71.6
<1 week 717 69.0 60.7 67.2
1-12 weeks 81.3 721 68.5 76.0
13-26 weeks 67.0 86.3 63.3 74.9
27+ weeks 64.8 34.6 56.5 75.8

J-3



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

43.1
49.2
41.9
40.7
28.1

33.8
37.0
33.3
33.5
28.2

Slight or None

1995

44.5
476
42.1
46.2
34.9

34.4
37.2
34.1
32.7
28.7

1996

37.2
46.4
34.9
28.0
30.9

31.0
32.9
31.5
27.8
31.0

1996

42.0
43.1
37.1
46.0
47.3

35.0
37.0
32.9
34.4
40.5

1997

38.5
41.4
35.8
31.7
44.2

32.9
37.4
33.1
30.4
23.8

1997

44.1
48.9
42.1
34.0
24.7

34.6
37.5
35.7
29.5
31.4

1-10

1995

31.3
23.6
33.7
34.7
59.5

36.8
33.1
36.6
38.5
48.2

1996

38.8
38.7
40.2
36.1
38.3

40.1
34.1
41.0
43.8
42.4

1997

36.2
32.5
37.9
41.7
41.4

36.7
32.8
34.5
41.1
51.7

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

31.7
31.8
32.5
25.8
39.1

40.1
37.4
40.0
42.2
45.7

1996

31.4
30.6
32.1
34.6
27.1

424
42.1
43.6
40.7
34.0

1997

32.3
31.1
29.3
42.6
42.0

42.7
41.8
415
43.5
48.5



Differences on how well prepared the soldier is to perform the wartime
duties/mission for race, type of unit, family/marital situation, or location were not
statistically significant based on time away from duty station.

Field grade officers (63%-70%) were more likely than company grade (57%-
62%) or warrant officers (49%-59%), and senior NCOs (53%-59%) were more
likely than junior NCOs (43%-50%) or junior enlisted personnel (44%-51%) to
report that their unit is well or very well prepared to perform its wartime
duties/mission. Differences on how well prepared the soldier's unit is to perform
its wartime duties/mission for rank, gender, race, type of unit, family/marital
situation, or location were not statistically significant based on the number of
weeks away.

Unit and Individual Morale

Officers (45%-49%) were more likely than enlisted personnel (32%-35%) to
report that their current level of morale is high or very high. Officers (33%-38%)
were more likely than enlisted personnel (20%-23%) to report that the current
level of morale in their unit is high or very high.

Reports of high (or very high) morale for either self or the unit were not
statistically significant based on time away from duty station for rank, gender
(although male officers were more likely than female officers to report higher
levels of own and unit morale), race, type of unit, family situation, or location.

Family/Personal Life and Military Job Stress

Both officers (33%-37%) and enlisted personnel (35%-39%) report similar
levels of conflict/stress that they were experiencing “now” in their military job as
high, very high, or extremely high. Enlisted personnel (30%-33%) were more
likely than officers (22%-25%) to report high, very high, or extremely high levels
of conflict/stress “now” in their family/personal life. Both officers (36%-40%) and
enlisted personnel (38%-39%) report similar levels of conflict/stress that they
were experiencing “a year ago” in their military job as high, very high, or
extremely high. Enlisted personnel (26%-28%) were more likely than officers
(21%-24%) to report high, very high, or extremely high levels of conflict/stress “a
year ago” in their family/personal life.

Officers who have been away 13 or more weeks (39%-44%) were more
likely than officers who have not been away at all (28%-31%) to report high, very
high, or extremely high levels of stress “now” in their military job. The effect is
more pronounced for field grade officers than for company grade officers;



What is Your Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army?
Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 14.3 11.0 16.3 15.4
<1 week 9.2 9.7 12.9 9.6
1-12 weeks 14.5 9.0 11.0 12.1
13-26 weeks 16.8 19.3 17.4 23.1
27+ weeks 27.7 6.2 47.7 27.2
Married, children 9.4 12.0 10.8 14.4
<1 week 12.1 12.3 10.3 11.1
1-12 weeks 6.2 78 78 13.3
13-26 weeks 16.6 22.9 12.2 19.1
27+ weeks 17.5 3.8 33.1 15.6
Not married, no children 3.9 6.8 2.5
<1 week . 1.2 5.7 2.3
1-12 weeks 5.2 6.1 1.7
13-26 weeks 43 8.6 41
27+ weeks 9.0 44
Not married, children 12.5 10.8 16.1
<1 week 7A 15.6
1-12 weeks 11.9 24.0
13-26 weeks 23.4 0.0
27+ weeks

Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 9.8 12.6 14.9 15.3
<1 week 10.9 9.5 12.0 9.6
1-12 weeks 76 11.6 15.2 14.8
13-26 weeks 11.9 15.6 13.4 22.3
27+ weeks 22 22.1 26.5 22.4
Married, children 13.4 12.5 14.4 14.6
<1 week 15 65 9.4 15.5
1-12 weeks 8.8 11.4 10.4 96
13-26 weeks 22.4 19.7 24.4 18.4
27+ weeks 16.8 26.0 37.9 26.7
Not married, no children 45 10.2 6.2 47
<1 week 27 7.8 5.8
1-12 weeks 44 3.9 4.0
13-26 weeks 3.8 6.8 5.6
27+ weeks 9.8 9.9 25
Not married, children 13.0 13.2 17.7 14.6
<1 week 19.4 11.1 18.0 8.8
1-12 weeks 9.1 10.1 11.6 21.0
13-26 weeks 23.4 0.0 29.7
27+ weeks 17.9 417 65.8

J-2



How Would You Rate the Current Level of Morale in Your Unit? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 37.7 35.0 341 33.3
<1 week 37.5 33.5 30.4 31.4
1-12 weeks 37.6 36.2 38.8 39.0
13-26 weeks 37.4 35.2 31.8 25.5
27+ weeks 37.7 25.4 18.0 26.0
Married, children 39.4 37.0 36.9 33.5
<1 week 37.3 41.1 39.2 33.2
1-12 weeks 40.3 37.1 37.7 35.4
13-26 weeks 39.2 33.5 32.5 32.3
27+ weeks 28.4 30.5 31.6 21.7
Not married, no children 35.9 25.3 31.5 29.9
<1 week 33.3 23.1 34.4 34.7
1-12 weeks 36.8 31.4 30.0 29.3
13-26 weeks 33.2 11.2 31.8 22.7
27+ weeks 41.3 30.1 31.3
Not married, children 25.7 29.0 17.6 33.0
<1 week 33.6 34.0 10.5 38.8
1-12 weeks 23.0 28.8 30.6 29.7
13-26 weeks 35.0 30.2 13.2 29.1
27+ weeks

Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 21.5 20.2 18.9 21.0
<1 week 21.8 21.0 20.1 22.9
1-12 weeks 21.5 19.7 19.8 19.2
13-26 weeks 20.2 21.6 19.6 19.0
27+ weeks 24.0 12.8 11.3 25.8
Married, children 23.5 21.4 20.8 23.0
<1 week 22.3 23.0 24.1 24.3
1-12 weeks 24.2 23.4 19.6 23.5
13-26 weeks 22.8 15.4 17.5 21.2
27+ weeks 22.5 15.1 16.3 18.4
Not married, no children 21.7 17.6 18.5 22.7
<1 week 22.3 13.0 23.2 27.7
1-12 weeks 23.3 17.7 16.3 23.2
13-26 weeks 12.9 24.9 12.1 10.3
27+ weeks 26.5 52.2 10.1 16.1
Not married, children 20.9 17.6 25.9 24.3
<1 week 18.1 15.3 29.1 30.8
1-12 weeks 22.5 20.4 31.4 15.1
13-26 weeks 8.2 25.6 0.0 21.1
27+ weeks 40.5 0.0 7.0 21.2

J-7



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Family/Personal Life?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

45.3
57.1
47.4
41.3
34.2

51.4
57.0
51.4
47.7
46.0

Slight or None

1995

45.9
41.7
51.8
47.3
23.2

45.6
48.4
44.5
45.4
33.7

1996

41.2
48.5
46.7
40.8
31.8

48.8
50.4
51.2
43.7
34.2

1996

41.6
39.1
49.6
42.1
33.4

42.8
44.4
414
43.7
36.1

1997

45.9
52.3
48.6
45.9
40.7

51.1
54.4
52.8
43.9
43.7

1997
46.6

41.5
46.9
47.3

47.0
46.3
47.0
46.3
50.6

K-9

1995

26.9
25.1
22.4
31.2
39.3

22.0
19.8
21.8
24.5
26.7

1996

32.0
24.3
26.9
32.9
40.9

24.7
24.8
22.3
28.0
37.2

1997

27.1
29.2
25.5
27.0
29.3

24.8
22.9
23.5
29.1
32.4

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

27.5
28.5
23.6
26.6
51.6

30.3
29.3
30.9
28.6
37.3

1996

32.7
29.7
24.1
29.6
49.0

33.0
32.7
32.3
32.6
40.9

1997



How Supportive is Your Spouse of Your Making a Career of the Army?
Fairly or Very Supportive

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 76.3 77.2 73.6 73.6
<1 week 71.9 76.2 69.4 51.3
1-12 weeks 75.5 80.9 776 75.9
13-26 weeks 75.2 71.4 69.8 77.3
27+ weeks 91.4 70.9 71.2 77.1
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 78.6 75.1 74.6 72.9
<1 week 81.8 74.9 74.3 68.3
1-12 weeks 77.2 75.7 74.5 72.0
13-26 weeks 81.9 71.2 75.7 77.8
27+ weeks 72.2 78.0 73.3 73.9
Other Unit 83.4 83.5 81.2 81.1
< 1 week 84.3 78.4 81.4 80.8
1-12 weeks 85.1 85.3 82.6 82.4
13-26 weeks 84.6 85.2 78.3 77.0
27+ weeks 85.6 80.5 67.5 82.7
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Combat Arms 64.1 62.9 55.6 65.1
<1 week 64.4 61.7 56.9 69.9
1-12 weeks 64.4 65.5 53.9 64.2
13-26 weeks 63.4 60.8 57.9 66.0
27+ weeks 65.1 60.5 50.9 62.8
Combat Support/

Combat Service Support 65.0 64.8 61.8 63.5
<1 week 59.7 65.1 58.9 65.1
1-12 weeks 65.5 64.2 65.3 64.1
13-26 weeks 66.9 67.8 61.1 57.8
27+ weeks 73.5 60.6 60.0 64.5
Other Unit 70.9 73.0 68.6 66.4
<1 week 72.8 72.0 67.8 65.9
1-12 weeks 82.2 76.2 71.8 68.2
13-26 weeks 69.1 67.5 60.4 64.1
27+ weeks 76.7 80.2 74.7 63.6

G-12



Describe How Well Prepared You Are to Perform Your Wartime Duties/Mission.
Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 76.1 72.9 75.4 75.7
< 1 week 72.0 69.4 72.1 71.0
1-12 weeks 77.0 73.1 75.7 78.0
13-26 weeks 80.2 75.4 79.1 75.1
27+ weeks 68.5 72.4 74.2 73.6
Female 58.6 54.3 57.6 61.7
<1 week 50.6 48.0 47.8 60.2
1-12 weeks 61.9 55.5 64.1 61.9
13-26 weeks 69.9 64.2 54.5 70.1
27+ weeks 48.9 61.3 61.5 59.1
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Male 69.1 63.6 70.2 69.2
<1 week 62.0 56.7 64.5 65.1
1-12 weeks 69.5 64.8 71.1 68.6
13-26 weeks 78.2 72.2 774 75.9
27+ weeks 74.4 63.3 81.1 74.2
Female 44.9 45.6 43.2 48.5
<1 week 40.9 41.3 40.7 45.0
1-12 weeks 53.6 47.3 44.2 53.7
13-26 weeks 53.5 59.5 55.5 35.2
27+ weeks 56.0 54.2 61.2 74.0

H-4



Appendix A: List of SSMP Questions Used

Based on your Army experience, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the following? Amount
of time separated from family.

Very satisfied
Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Not applicable

Which ONE of the (53, 54, 55) items on this page is your MOST IMPORTANT reason for leaving
or thinking about leaving? [53 items listed in 1994 and 1995, 54 items listed in 1996, 55 items
listed in 1996]

Which ONE of the following describes your current active duty Army career intentions?

PROBABLY stay in until retirement

DEFINITELY stay in until retirement

PROBABLY stay in beyond my present obligation, but not necessarily to retirement
DEFINITELY stay in beyond my present obligation, but not necessarily to retirement
PROBABLY leave upon completion of my present obligation

DEFINITELY leave upon completion of my present obligation

Describe how well prepared you are to perform your wartime duties/mission.

Very well prepared
Well prepared
Moderately prepared
Not well prepared
Not at all prepared

Describe how well prepared your unit is to perform its wartime duties/mission.

Very well prepared
Well prepared
Moderately prepared
Not well prepared
Not at all prepared

How would you rate your current level of morale?

Very high
High
Moderate
Low
Very low

How would you rate the current level of morale in your unit?

Very high
High
Moderate
Low
Very low



Describe How Well Prepared You Are to Perform Your Wartime Duties/Mission. Well or
Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 74.2 70.0 69.9 70.4
<1week 67.8 59.2 63.8 63.3
1-12 weeks 75.8 70.9 71.8 73.2
13-26 weeks 80.4 77.3 72.7 71.0
27+ weeks 67.9 66.1 68.8 73.8
Married, children 77.2 73.9 78.7 77.8
<1 week 70.0 70.6 77.2 76.2
1-12 weeks 78.0 73.8 78.1 79.3
13-26 weeks 83.1 76.5 80.5 779
27+ weeks 68.9 79.1 84.0 70.0
Not married, no children 66.8 50.4 64.1 71.0
<1 week 61.5 34.1 54.1 66.5
1-12 weeks 69.5 50.3 67.1 71.6
13-26 weeks 70.2 100.0 72.0 73.3
27+ weeks 62.7 64.3 73.3
Not married, children 61.9 64.5 58.8 63.1
<1 week 70.7 65.5 53.4 50.3
1-12 weeks 58.6 63.4 51.5 78.8
13-26 weeks 77.3 47.8 100.0 67.5
27+ weeks 100.0 91.0
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 68.2 62.8 64.4 67.6
<1 week 60.6 55.2 57.0 65.1
1-12 weeks 70.2 62.1 67.3 65.9
13-26 weeks 74.1 76.5 73.3 71.8
27+ weeks 776 57.8 75.8 73.9
Married, children 69.5 66.5 741 72.3
<1 week 61.5 59.7 68.6 65.7
1-12 weeks 69.9 68.2 73.6 72.5
13-26 weeks 79.1 72.6 83.2 80.3
27+ weeks 68.6 70.5 85.0 83.6
Not married, no children 61.7 49.5 59.8 58.8
<1 week 55.2 43.2 51.3 52.3
1-12 weeks 64.6 51.0 64.1 62.6
13-26 weeks 74.3 52.4 68.2 65.5
27+ weeks 76.2 67.7 75.2 58.4
Not married, children 57.1 52.9 541 63.4
<1 week 43.1 48.2 53.5, 59.4
1-12 weeks 62.7 58.8 46.3 58.0
13-26 weeks 78.9 70.9 71.3 83.7
27+ weeks 80.3 27.1 71.1 80.7

J



Officers

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Black

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

White

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

78
181

22

613
2227
756
140

1994

429
669
218

87

904
1603
714
148

1995

346
463
102

27

1439
3439
1133

240

1995

952
791
200

67

1237
1567
622
193

1996
82
147
20
531
1428

618
355

1996

437
376

80
759
851

448
204

B-2

1997

120
160

31

549
1638
748
397

1997

498
350
127

84

766
888
414
211



What Level of Conflict/Stress Were You Experiencing a Year Ago in Your Family/Personal
Life?

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Officers 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 53.4 48.6 51.0 24.7 25.6 27.2
<1 week 50.4 53.6 50.3 20.2 20.9 22.6
1-12 weeks 57.2 48.1 56.2 23.2 25.6 21.2
13-26 weeks 49.1 46.9 45.5 27.2 25.0 41.0
27+ weeks 50.5 45.1 4441 411 38.3 33.2
2LT-CPT 56.6 53.0 54.2 19.8 21.8 23.4
<1 week 58.7 56.4 56.1 18.5 20.4 20.0
1-12 weeks - §6.3 52.9 58.6 19.9 22.0 22.2
13-26 weeks 55.5 48.6 46.9 21.5 24.2 27.0
27+ weeks 59.2 56.5 45.3 22.6 18.9 29.3
MAJ-COL 53.9 48.5 52.9 22.3 24.1 23.6
<1 week 60.0 41.9 50.8 17.3 29.8 22.9
1-12 weeks 54.3 51.8 54.8 22.4 20.3 22.2
13-26 weeks 48.8 46.3 50.4 27.0 28.9 26.6
27+ weeks 415 40.5 42.1 27.6 32.7 39.6
Total Officer 55.2 50.8 53.3 21.4 23.2 241
<1 week 57.7 51.8 53.4 18.4 23.2 21.4
1-12 weeks 55.6 51.9 56.8 21.3 21.8 22.1
13-26 weeks 52.6 47.6 476 24.0 25.7 29.1
27+ weeks 53.4 50.3 44.4 276 25.6 32.4

Slight or None High, Very high, Extremely high
Enlisted 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 55.8 51.8 53.9 26.7 28.9 26.4
<1 week 59.0 51.8 53.8 25.4 29.6 26.6
1-12 weeks 54.7 50.9 56.4 27.8 28.6 25.3
13-26 weeks 53.4 58.4 51.6 23.4 26.1 26.0
27+ weeks 45.9 43.8 50.2 38.5 30.3 27.4
SGT-SSG 51.4 50.8 50.6 27.1 28.1 29.3
<1 week 52.2 52.6 55.0 28.7 30.5 26.2
1-12 weeks 49.6 48.0 48.7 26.7 26.9 28.2
13-26 weeks 56.4 50.1 49.6 24.0 26.4 33.3
27+ weeks 41.4 59.8 42.1 33.1 23.6 38.8
SFC-CSM 54.1 50.2 51.0 22.9 26.0 27.7
<1 week 54.3 50.7 50.8 24.7 27.4 26.0
1-12 weeks 55.8 48.5 53.2 20.6 24.4 28.2
13-26 weeks 54.7 52.8 45.9 24.7 23.1 29.9
27+ weeks 39.8 415 475 26.0 37.6 29.9
Total Enlisted 53.9 51.2 52.2 26.3 28.2 27.7
<1 week 56.2 51.9 53.8 26.4 29.6 26.4
1-12 weeks 52.9 49.5 52.9 26.3 27.4 26.9
13-26 weeks 54.9 54.0 49.9 23.8 25.7 29.7
27+ weeks 43.3 50.5 45.7 34.6 28.6 33.5

F-t1



How Satisfied are You with Your Current Job? Satisfied or Very Satisfied

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 76.5 79.2 76.6
< 1 week 72.6 85.6 74.1
1-12 weeks 80.8 77.4 79.2
13-26 weeks 75.7 78.3 76.6
27+ weeks 75.9 64.7 67.4
White 73.8 75.6 74.6
<1 week 71.9 75.6 72.1
1-12 weeks 74.9 78.3 76.5
13-26 weeks 72.0 72.1 72.8
27+ weeks 71.0 65.7 73.5
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 56.4 60.6 57.3
<1 week 56.7 62.5 57.3
1-12 weeks 59.2 60.3 58.8
13-26 weeks 53.2 52.1 60.1
27+ weeks 55.9 59.2 40.9
White 52.4 55.2 54.5
<1 week 53.7 55.3 56.9
1-12 weeks 52.2 55.0 52.9
13-26 weeks 51.7 58.2 51.3
27+ weeks 54.7 47.6 57.0



Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

213
752
320

61

1995

213
584
314

90

669
1067
291
81

1995
600
748
118
692
502

137
49

1996

222
490
295
203

56
100
29
18

1996

D-4

525
548
287
141

165
90
22
19

1997

220
594
347
203

1997

624
675
302
153



What level of conflict/stress are/were you experiencing now in your military job? [not asked in
1994]

None

Slight

Moderate

High

Very high

Extremely high

Does not apply

What level of conflict/stress are/were you experiencing now in your family/personal life? [not
asked in 1994]

None

Slight

Moderate

High

Very high

Extremely high

Does not apply

What level of conflict/stress are/were you experiencing a year ago in your military job? [not asked
in 1994]

None

Slight

Moderate

High

Very high

Extremely high

Does not apply

What level of conflict/stress are/were you experiencing a year ago in your family/personal life?
[not asked in 1994]

None

Slight

Moderate

High

Very high

Extremely high

Does not apply

How supportive is your spouse of your making a career of the Army? [“/girlfriend/boyfriend”
included in 1994-1996]

Very supportive

Fairly supportive

Mixed or neutral

Fairly unsupportive

Very unsupportive



What Level of Conflict/Stress Are You Experiencing Now in Your Military Job?
High, Very high, Extremely high

Officers

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support!
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Combat Arms
<1 week

1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Combat Support!
Combat Service Support
<1 week

1-12 weeks

13-26 weeks

27+ weeks

Other Unit
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Slight or None

1995

29.5
33.6
29.9
31.3
16.2

27.5
36.5
25.6
24.1
30.3

36.3
42.0
35.5
30.7
42.5

Slight or None

1995

28.7
35.0
29.2
24.5
23.3

29.8
33.8
29.9
23.2
26.2

40.3
42.0
38.6
42.4
34.0

1996

24.9
26.1
27.9
22.7
19.4

24.7
30.9
24.0
21.1
23.8

30.9
32.6
31.2
25.8
30.4

1996

26.5
30.0
25.2
26.1
23.6

27.8
31.0
23.9
29.5
24.3

35.6
37.0
35.3
25.7
34.3

1997

27.4
34.0
26.1
28.1
21.3

27.6
36.6
26.5
24.2
23.1

33.4
37.7
31.7
30.7
28.4

1997
31.8

30.5
31.0
31.3

34.3
39.1
32.8
22.8
34.0

36.5
37.8
35.4
32.7
43.9

1995

34.1
36.0
29.9
40.9
37.2

37.5
33.9
37.4
40.1
47.5

30.2
27.0
29.8
36.4
31.6

1996

36.2
22.6
32.3
46.2
39.2

39.9
33.8
38.6
47.0
43.5

36.4
32.2
37.6
38.9

40

1997

33.7
26.9
31.4
35.5
44.9

38.5
27.5
39.2
44.7
43.4

33.4
28.5
34.0
38.0
44.3

High, Very high, Extremely high

1995

40.2
38.7
38.0
42.1
48.2

36.7
35.0
33.8
42.8
49.4

28.5
26.9
29.0
29.8
34.1

1996

41.8
40.6
40.7
42.5
46.5

41.2
38.8
414
41.6
51.0

35.3

34.8 .

35.1
42.2
29.0

1997

36.1
36.3
32.8
39.1
44.5

33.0
30.6
34.4
38.1
30.7

35.4
34.8
36.1
36.6
33.7



Describe How Well Prepared Your Unit Is to Perform Its Wartime Duties/Mission.

Well or Very Well Prepared
Officers

USAREUR
< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

USAREUR
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Elsewhere
<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

57.8
50.9
57.6
60.3
57.8

62.6
59.9
63.7
65.5
51.5

1994

42.6
42.4
42.0
414
49.4

48.6
50.8

51.9
48.2

1995

56.9
53.9
57.3
57.5
53.9

57.9
57.8
57.8
60.2
47.3

1995

40.5
36.8
41.9
43.3
38.3

45.7
41.7
46.8
50.4
44.5

1996

62.9
64.2
62.7
60.4
65.7

63.1
65.1
64.3
57.8
59.5

1996

47.9
42.2
52.5
43.5
49.9

47.2
47.4
46.0
49.9
50.5

K-5

1997

60.3
67.7
63.3
57.4
57.3

63.1
61.5
63.6
62.6
64.2

1997

474
50.9
49.1
46.8
41.9

52.2
53.0
52.6
50.3
45.3



How Would You Rate the Current Level of Morale in Your Unit? High or Very High

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 32.9 34.7 27.5 27.3
<1 week 27.3 27.3 31.1 25.7
1-12 weeks 31.1 35.7 31.2 32.1
13-26 weeks 38.2 36.8 28.9 23.6
27+ weeks 35.2 29.9 19.7 25.9
Elsewhere 38.6 35.5 35.4 33.3
<1 week 36.7 39.4 35.2 33.4
1-12 weeks 396° 35.0 36.8 35.2
13-26 weeks 37.4 33.4 32.4 29.2
27+ weeks 34.4 28.8 31.1 25.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
USAREUR 16.9 17.3 13.7 14.0
<1 week 19.3 19.9 12.8 12.1
1-12 weeks 18.6 17.8 16.8 17.8
13-26 weeks 14.9 14.7 14.4 10.4
27+ weeks 11.4 16.7 9.5 16.4
Elsewhere 23.4 20.2 20.7 23.6
<1 week 22.5 20.7 23.6 26.6
1-12 weeks 24.2 20.8 19.3 22.4
13-26 weeks 20.2 17.6 16.9 18.5
27+ weeks 25.7 16.3 15.2 21.6

K-7



CONTENTS (Continued)

APPENDIX D. NUMBER LEAVING OR THINKING ABOUT LEAVING.... D-1
E. PERCENT LEAVING OR THINKING ABOUT LEAVING.. E-1

F. DATA BY RANK......ccccsssescesssessseessssnsenseesssseessnsectestsneenenees Fed

G. DATA BY TYPE OF UNIT........ccscsssessssessecneneeesateessssensetens G-1

H. DATA BY GENDER .......seecseeceecesssessessesstssesseeseesteseeseeeneee APT

I. DATA BY ETHNIC GROUP. ......c:sssesssseesssenterentenenreneeseees I-14

J. DATA BY FAMILY SITUATION......cccsecsesesseseeereereseeneneens J-1

K. DATA BY LOCATION K-1
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Analysis Groups .....s.ssscsecsssceessesssseetsssesneessnesssssnsecesanntecatanes 2
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Officer Responses to “How Satisfied Are You with the
Amount of Time Separated from Family?”.......cccscsneenee 4

2. Enlisted Responses to “How Satisfied Are You with the
Amount of Time Separated from Family?” ........--sssecsssesssesseeeees 4



How Supportive is Your Spouse of Your Making a Career of the Army?
Fairly or Very Supportive

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 84.2 86.5 84.6 81.9
<1 week 82.0 83.0 85.3 78.2
1-12 weeks 84.6 86.2 83.8 85.1
13-26 weeks 90.8 95.8 81.9 84.9
27+ weeks 92.4 88.9 94.1 76.3
White 80.5 79.3 77.1 77.9
<1 week 83.2 75.6 77.1 76.8
1-12 weeks 80.1 81.3 79.0 78.7
13-26 weeks 78.3 77.9 73.1 776
27+ weeks 85.7 75.2 71.0 76.2
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Black 73.6 72.2 72.4 71.3
< 1 week 72.2 72.1 70.6 72.4
1-12 weeks 74.6 74.0 72.8 69.2
13-26 weeks 68.5 70.7 71.7 75.0
27+ weeks 776 68.2 80.5 60.8
White 63.4 60.4 59.5 62.3
<1 week 62.9 61.1 61.5 62.3
1-12 weeks 64.1 61.3 60.5 62.8
13-26 weeks 61.5 60.0 57.3 60.4
27+ weeks 63.5 56.9 49.5 66.9

I-12



Officers

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

< 1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Enlisted

Male

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

Female

<1 week
1-12 weeks
13-26 weeks
27+ weeks

1994

34.9
32.9
38.5
34.3

49.4
49.8
57.0
73.3

1994

45.2
45.9
42.9
43.0

59.9
49.8
50.0
68.8

1995

35.0
30.1
40.7
50.6

47.6
44.6
51.5
61.4

1995

45.7
42.6
46.2
49.0

50.5
47.3
51.9
70.0

1996

38.5
32.5
42.3
52.2

47.1
43.9
50.0
64.3

1996

43.2
414
a7
18

52.1
53.9
52.4
73.1

E-4

1997

35.9
34.5
43.4
45.4

50.0
50.9

76.0
1997

49.8
48.7
48.6
43.5

60.8
55.6
69.8
68.0



Describe How Well Prepared Your Unit Is to Perform Its Wartime Duties/Mission.
Well or Very Well Prepared

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 60.2 56.3 61.8 60.4
<1 week 52.4 50.6 59.4 59.7
1-12 weeks 63.1 58.4 64.3 63.5
13-26 weeks 60.8 58.8 55.2 56.0
27+ weeks 62.4 40.3 68.3 60.4
Married, children 64.5 60.6 65.2 66.7
<1 week 63.3 61.5 70.2 64.7
1-12 weeks 64.6 60.3 65.4 68.3
13-26 weeks 67.8 61.7 58.8 67.1
27+ weeks 52.5 55.4 62.5 57.4
Not married, no children 58.5 57.3 61.2 56.6
<1 week 59.2 48.6 64.3 59.2
1-12 weeks 59.6 53.5 61.7 51.5
13-26 weeks 60.6 58.7 56.5
27+ weeks 45.9 53.4 71.3
Not married, children 53.2 56.0 44.2 70.6
<1 week 60.0 71.2 33.5 59.6
1-12 weeks 49.2 53.8 53.1 83.9
13-26 weeks 72.4 36.0 69.6 80.4
27+ weeks 44.2 55.4
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
Married, no children 47.5 43.1 45.2 52.0
<1 week 43.9 41.4 44.4 53.7
1-12 weeks 49.3 43.9 41.9 52.3
13-26 weeks 50.9 46.2 55.0 48.8
27+ weeks 418 35.5 40.1 49.2
Married, children 48.5 45.6 49.9 51.8
<1 week 46.3 41.4 50.4 51.9
1-12 weeks 48.6 48.8 49.1 52.0
13-26 weeks 49.2 46.1 51.0 53.0
27+ weeks 50.1 42.9 52.6 46.7
Not married, no children 47.4 43.8 45.6 51.3
<1 week 43.3 36.6 45.6 52.6
1-12 weeks 50.7 39.0 46.4 53.4
13-26 weeks 49.0 66.7 38.9 48.2
27+ weeks 54.5 48.3 58.7 30.7
Not married, children 41.7 40.1 42.8 53.2
<1 week 36.3 37.3 44.4 59.9
1-12 weeks 48.6 47.0 417 44.1
13-26 weeks 50.7 45.5 31.1 29.5
27+ weeks 34.1 18.9 46.1 72.2

J-5



What is Your Most Important Reason for Leaving or Thinking About Leaving the Army?
Amount of Time Separated from Family

Officers 1994 1995 1996 1997
Warrant Officer 68 14.6 16.1 10.5
<1 week 0.0 11.2 9.5 3.0
1-12 weeks 3.4 10.3 13.0 16.1
13-26 weeks 13.1 37.3 17.9 68
27+ weeks 13.4 0.0 35.1 22.9
2LT-CPT 10.2 10.3 11.9 11.8
<1 week 7.9 8.0 10.2 941
1-12 weeks 10.3 8.6 9.2 93
13-26 weeks 12.8 17.0 12.1 18.0
27+ weeks 13.8 77 33.2 16.6
MAJ-COL 5.7 43 41 8.0
<1 week 9.1 8.0 43 8.1
1-12 weeks 3.1 3.1 27 6.5
13-26 weeks 12.5 5.2 71 11.0
27+ weeks 0.0 1.4 8.5 17.7
Total Officer 9.1 9.8 11.0 11.1
<1 week 78 8.4 9.2 8.1
1-12 weeks 8.5 77 8.2 9.2
13-26 weeks 12.5 17.0 12.1 16.0
27+ weeks 12.4 5.6 30.4 17.3
Enlisted 1994 1995 1996 1997
PV2-CPL 75 7.8 11.4 10.1
<1 week 6.4 5.0 8.5 11.1
1-12 weeks 5.9 8.3 10.1 8.1
13-26 weeks 10.2 10.6 16.9 12.9
27+ weeks 12.3 14.1 27.9 10.2
SGT-SSG 10.8 10.3 10.4 11.2
<1 week 13.4 48 12.3 78
1-12 weeks 79 8.9 74 8.8
13-26 weeks 15.6 15.1 10.4 14.3
27+ weeks 22.5 24.8 20.5 25.7
SFC-CSM 7.4 43 10.4 7.2
<1 week 5.5 40 16.8 3.7
1-12 weeks 5.0 21 1.4 5.4
13-26 weeks 14.2 12.5 17.8 18.1
27+ weeks 6.5 0.0 40.2 11.1
Total Enlisted 8.5 8.4 11.2 10.4
<1 week 8.2 49 9.7 9.8
1-12 weeks 65 8.3 8.9 8.2
13-26 weeks 12.4 12.4 14.4 13.6
27+ weeks 15.3 17.2 25.9 17.5

F-2