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Ashland NFWCO
 Midwest Region
 MTAN Logo Dedicated To The Tribal Aquaculture Program Image of fish jumping.
      June 2004-Volume 48
 http://www.fws.gov/midwest/ashland/mtanhome.html **Coordinator:
          Frank G. Stone 
          (715-682-6185) Ext.
          202
          U.S. Fish and
          Wildlife Service
          Email: 
          [email protected]**
        
        **Edited
            By:
            Elizabeth W. Greiff 
            (715-349-2195) Ext. 141
            St. Croix Tribal Nat. Res. Depart.
            Email:**
                    **[email protected]**
 Topics
  Of Interest:  FDA Approval of New Otolith Marking System using Oxytetracycline Experimental 
    Treatment Used on Lake Trout Eggs Aquaculture References from the World Wide Web Blowers, Air Pumps or Compressors Minnesota Fish Producers Report Losses to 
    Cormorants and Other Birds   FDA Approval of New Otolith 
    Marking System
  Submitted By:   Alpharma 
    Animal Health We are pleased to announce that on December 24, 2003, 
  Alpharma Animal Health was granted FDA approval to market OxyMarine, a new 
  soluble oxytetracycline product cleared for use in skeletal marking of finfish.  
  OxyMarine is the first and only soluble oxytetracycline product approved for 
  such purposes. Fish 
  marking with Oxytetracycline (OTC) can now 
  be conducted without an INAD permit OxyMarine is an entirely new aquaculture drug claim, and is 
  the direct result of cooperative efforts between Alpharma, U.S. Geological 
  Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Association of Fish and 
  Wildlife Agencies, National Coordinator for Aquiculture New Animal Drug 
  Applications, National Research Support Project Number Seven, and the FDA. This is a very exciting event for all of us who have been 
  working diligently to bring new products to the U.S. aquaculture industry.  
  Fisheries managers with a need to mark fish should contact Mr. George Kohan for 
  more in-depth information about OxyMarine.  You may contact George at:  
  Email: [email protected], Phone: 218-829-2858  Experimental Treatment Used 
    on Lake Trout Eggs at Iron River National Fish HatcheryBy:Steve Redman, 
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Iron 
      River NFH  Agencies 
  and private aquaculturists need a safe, 
  effective therapeutant for lake trout culture that is environmentally friendly Yearly, 
  millions of lake trout eggs are collected and incubated at the Iron River 
  National Fish Hatchery (NFH).  During the incubation process, fish eggs are 
  exposed to fungi. Fungi are naturally occurring organisms that often attack dead 
  fish eggs and can spread to adjacent live eggs, killing them. Formalin is 
  currently used to control mortality associated with fungus on lake trout eggs; 
  however, there are increasing concerns over user safety and environmental 
  discharge following formalin use at hatcheries. In a collaborative effort between the Iron River NFH and 
  the U.S. Geological Surveys Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, a 
  study was generated to compare the effectiveness of formalin and hydrogen 
  peroxide to control mortalities associated with fungal infections on lake trout 
  eggs. Little information is available on the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to 
  control fungal infections on lake trout eggs.  Hydrogen Peroxide Hatchery personnel would prefer to use hydrogen peroxide in 
  their hatchery production facilities; however, they have concerns regarding its 
  efficiency to control fungal infections under actual hatchery production 
  conditions. A second concern of hatchery personnel is if there exists an egg 
  developmental stage that is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide treatments. Results 
  of this study will provide scientific data that will assist fish culturists in 
  determining if hydrogen peroxide should be the therapeutant of choice in 
  treating lake trout eggs. Recommendations will be formulated regarding hydrogen 
  peroxide use in lake trout culture and identify if any sensitive egg development 
  stages exist.  Aquaculture References 
    from the World Wide Web The Internet is an excellent source of 
  information for aquaculture and related issues. 
  The links listed below are for informational purposes and by no means represents 
  all the sources available on the WWW Aquaculture Web Siteshttp://www.mdsg.umd.edu/extensionconf/webclass_sites.html
      Guide to Federal Aquaculture Programs and Services**http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/aquanic/jsa/federal_guide/**Aquaculture linkshttp://web.uct.ac.za/depts/zoology/abnet/aqlinks.html
      Maryland Sea Granthttp://www.mdsg.umd.edu/Aquaculture Network Information Centerhttp://aquanic.org
      Minnesota Sea Granthttp://www.seagrant.umn.edu/Aquafarmerhttp://www.mdsg.umd.edu/Extension/Aquafarmer/
      North Central Regional Aquaculture Centerhttp://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/aquanic/ncrac/California Aquaculture Associationhttp://aqua.ucdavis.edu
      Wisconsin Aquaculture Association (WAA)www.wisconsinaquaculture.com/DOC/NOAA Aquaculture Information Centerwww.lib.noaa.gov/docaqua/frontpage.htm
      University of Wisconsin Aquaculture Demonstration Facilityhttp://aquaculture.uwsuper.edu/Fish-Vethttp://www.fishvet.com/
      Wisconsin Sea Grant Institutewww.seagrant.wisc.edu/outreach/aquacultureWorld Wide Guide to Aquaculturehttp://www.atc.stir.ac.uk/Fishing/Fish/F_web.htm
  Blowers, Air Pumps or Compressors?By:
  Aquatic Eco-Systems Fractional horsepower Sweetwater Linear Piston Air PumpsBlowers are designed to provide 
    large volumes of air at low pressure (less than 4 psi). They are commonly used 
    in conjunction with air diffusers and airlifts. This combination adds oxygen and 
    removes carbon dioxide with low power consumption.  Typical applications include 
    re-circulating fish tank and aquarium systems, bait fish and lobster holding 
    facilities, and shallow pond aeration.  Regenerative blowers are preferred in 
    the aquaculture industry because they are the most reliable and economical in 
    this pressure range. Fractional 
  horsepower Sweetwater Linear Piston Air Pumps fill the gap between aquarium air 
  pumps and blowers.  These units supply up to 5 cfm at depths to 8 feet. Air 
  pumps provide long service life, very quiet operation and very low energy use.  
  They are a perfect fit for  bait shop tanks, classrooms and 
  laboratories. Sweetwater oil-less rotary vane and piston compressors  Sweetwater 
  oil-less rotary vane and piston compressors are used in applications where water 
  depths are greater, such as with lake aeration, algae culture and lobster 
  pounds.  These compressors allow airlines to be run thousands of feet when 
  electricity is not near the water.  A compressor as little as 3/4 hp can be used 
  to aerate and de-stratify a 10-acre lake. >>  
    Compressors used for aquaculture should always be "oil-less."   <<   System Sizing To size a system, first 
  determine the pressure required.  Enough pressure is needed to overcome the 
  water pressure at the diffuser's depth, the piping friction loss, and the 
  diffuser's resistance to airflow.  Example: For a water depth of 36", a low 
  restriction piping system of 4" of water and a low-resistance air diffuser of 
  10" of water (just prior to cleaning), will require an air pressure of at least 
  50" of water (36" + 4" + 10"). This is equal to about 2 psi. The next consideration is the 
  volume of air needed to accomplish the job.  If there is only one fish room, one 
  linear air pump compressor with an additional one for emergency back up may be 
  sufficient. In a larger facility, two or more primary blowers or compressors and 
  one emergency back up may be required.  When using low-pressure air, it's 
  important that the air piping system and diffusers offer little resistance to 
  air flow (request our bulletin "Air Distribution Systems for Sweetwater 
  Blowers"). Performance charts and tables are available for all of our blowers and 
  compressors. Selecting the right system for your application is accomplished 
  simply by comparing your pressure and airflow requirements with manufacturer's 
  performance charts. If you need help, call an Aquatic Eco-Systems technician at 
  407-886-3939.  Back-Up Blower Setup Back up blower system.Anyone 
    who has worked with fish for a while knows that, if you dont plan ahead, you 
    wont be in business for long. When it comes to life support, a back-up blower 
    could save your business. The most crucial of life support requirements is maintaining an adequate 
  oxygen level because it can be used up so quickly. We always recommend having a second blower attached to the main air supply 
  line, wired to come on if the primary blower fails for any reason. Both blowers 
  must have check valves on them. A pressure switch is located between the primary 
  blower and its check valve. When this pressure switch senses a loss of air 
  pressure, it closes, causing an electric relay to start the backup blower (see 
  diagram). The check valves keep air from being lost through the non-running 
  unit. Check valves must be able to tolerate high temperatures.
   
  Be sure the stand-by 
  unit is on a different electrical circuit breaker.   Buying a Blower and Operating Tips Compare blowers, not by horsepower ratings, but by watts. That's what you 
  pay for! Electricity cost should be a major concern when motors operate continuously. 
  Don't get fooled by low horsepower ratings on electric equipment. Always compare 
  work being done to power consumed in watts. For instance, you may have seen air blowers and water pumps advertised with 
  lower horsepower ratings than other equipment of the same size. The gimmick is 
  to use an undersized, low-cost, high service factor motor to imply superior 
  performance. But this smaller motor has to work harder to do the job. The small 
  motor may get through a temporary overload condition, but is not reliable for 
  continuous duty. It will actually use more electricity, operate at a higher 
  temperature and have a shorter life than a larger 1.0 service factor motor doing 
  the same work. Sweetwater blowers run cooler because they use the correct 1.0 service 
  factor motor for the continuous duty work being done. Here are some blower operating tips: Bleed off as much excess air as you can while you still have as much air 
    as you need. The blower will run cooler and use less power.
    If the ambient air is so dirty (feed dust, bird feathers, etc.) that the 
      air filter requires frequent cleaning, pull a sock over the filter. Then 
      change your socks frequently!
    In critical animal life support applications, after three years of 
      continuous operation, purchase a new blower and have the original blower's 
      motor bearings replaced. Operate the original unit for a month to be sure the 
      work was done correctly, then switch back to the new blower, keeping the 
      original one as a backup. You can't measure watts without a watt meter - BUT you can estimate watt 
  consumption with these formulas: Single phase watts = volts x amps x power factor. Three phase watts = volts x amps x 1.73 x power factor. The power factor of a fully-loaded electric motor is about 0.9, but this goes 
  down significantly as the load on the motor is reduced.  Minnesota Fish Producers Report Losses to 
    Cormorants and Other Birds
  By: 
  University 
    of Minnesota, Sea Grant The University of Minnesota Sea Grant Program recently 
  funded researchers to look into conflicts over resource use by aquaculturalists 
  and fish-eating birds in Minnesota. Linda Wires and Francie Cuthbert with the 
  University of Minnesota surveyed 54 commercial fish producers with outdoor 
  facilities to correlate bird-related fish losses with the distribution and 
  abundance of double-crested cormorants, American white pelicans, and great blue 
  herons.  The major results of Wires and Cuthberts report are available in a 
  fact sheet, Minnesota Fish Producers Report on Losses to Birds. Highlights 
  include: Fish losses to double-crested cormorants were 
      generally considered more severe than losses to American white pelicans and 
      great blue herons.
    Fish losses to great blue herons occurred most 
        frequently but were generally not considered severe.
    87 percent of fish producers experienced losses to 
        fish-eating birds.
    41 percent of fish producers defined their losses as 
        severe.
    Concentrations of fish-eating birds were greatest at 
        facilities during the birds migratory periods. Mike Lint, co-president of the Minnesota Fish and Bait 
  Farmers and fish farming business owner in West Central Minnesota, estimates 
  that cormorants and pelicans can consume over $100,000 worth of marketable fish 
  from his ponds in a year.  Populations of cormorants and pelicans have 
  rebounded over the past 30 years in response to policy and improved 
  environmental conditions. In Minnesota, there are an estimated 8,000-10,000 
  breeding pairs of each species. Wires and Cuthbert are poised to conduct a 
  statewide census of Minnesotas breeding cormorants and pelicans during the 2004 
  nesting season. Cormorants arent the only fish-eating birds that visit 
  fish production ponds but they can be a fish producers biggest problem bird, 
  said Wires. People seem to hold very polarized opinions about how cormorants 
  should be handled. On one level, its miraculous that we have cormorants in the 
  state at all given that environmental contaminants and persecution greatly 
  reduced populations by the 1950s. From another perspective, the growing number 
  of cormorants and pelicans arent making many friends among fish producers and 
  anglers. To order a free copy of the Minnesota Fish Producers 
  Report on Losses to Birds fact sheet, contact Minnesota Sea Grant at
  [email protected] or call (218) 726-6191.  Minnesota Sea Grant is part of a network of 30 Sea 
  Grant College Programs spanning coastal states throughout the United States and 
  Puerto Rico.  **Return
    to MTAN selection pageReturn to Ashland FRO home pageReturn to Region 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service** Product and company
      names mentioned in this publication are for informational purposes only.
      It does not imply endorsement by the MTAN or the U.S. Government.
 Last updated: 
		  November 19, 2008
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