{"id":27469,"date":"2022-02-17T19:11:47","date_gmt":"2022-02-18T00:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/?page_id=27469"},"modified":"2022-02-17T19:11:47","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T00:11:47","slug":"28-ccc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/guidance\/adrguide-home\/28-ccc\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Constraints on Creativity"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><h2 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Common Constraints on Creativity<\/h2><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Commercial disputes between private sector parties often lead to creative deals that address past conflicts through future business arrangements.\u00a0 Commercial parties use these deals to create value that mitigates past injury. \u00a0Agencies and their contracting partners, however, must understand that many creative options available in the private sector are not available to\u00a0all agencies. \u00a0The table below, which is not exhaustive, gives several examples of constraints imposed on federal agencies.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"40%\">\n<p><strong>Private Sector Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" width=\"60%\">\n<p><strong>Federal Sector Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Award future contract to solve current dispute. Variations include: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greatly increasing the volume of existing work<\/li>\n<li>Greatly changing an existing scope of work<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Competition in Contracting Act (CICA):\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Civilian agencies must use “full and open competition,” 41 USC 3301.<\/li>\n<li>DoD must use “full and open competition,” 10 USC 2304.<\/li>\n<li>Implemented in FAR\u00a0Part 6.<\/li>\n<li>Limited exceptions found in FAR Subparts 6.2 (small businesses) and 6.3 (various).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Substantially shift financial risk to the purchaser, through an indemnity or similar agreement.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Without specific statutory authority, government officials cannot promise to indemnify another party “where the amount of possible\u00a0liability\u00a0is\u00a0indefinite, indeterminate, or\u00a0potentially\u00a0unlimited.” \u00a0Principles of Federal Appropriations Law, Vol. II, 3rd ed., at 6-59 to 6-60 (Feb. 2006) (citing 31 USC 1341 (Antideficiency\u00a0Act) and 41 USC 11 (Adequacy of Appropriations Act)). \u00a0The possibility of a \u201ccoercive deficiency\u201d is also discouraged.\u00a0 59 Comp. Gen. 369 (1980).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Exclusive dealing agreements<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>CICA, cited above, limits this possibility by requiring full and open competition.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Very long multi-year purchasing agreements<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>10 USC\u00a02306b limits multi-year contracts to 5 years, and imposes other substantial limitations.<\/p>\n<p>Future appropriations might not be made, reducing the value of deals to contractors.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Promises to use specified products<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Brand name or equal rules found in FAR Subpart 11.1.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Exchanges of goods.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Significantly limited by 10 USC 2571.\u00a0 Purpose generally must relate to a public good like historical collections, police, and firefighters.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Mutual sale of goods.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>The government does not make a lot of items.\u00a0 But when it does, the government may only sell if the item is not available from a US commercial source.\u00a0 10 USC\u00a02563.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Product endorsements<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p>Office of Government Ethics regulations discouraging endorsements. \u00a0<em>See<\/em> 5 CFR 2635.702.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":27194,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27469"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27469\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}