y 6.

Comparisons of United States,

German, and Japanese

Export Price Indexes

U.S. Department of Labor 

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

February 1980

Bulletin 2046

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Comparisons o f U .S ., German, and Japanese export

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Comparisons of United States,

German, and Japanese

Export Price Indexes

U.S. Department of Labor 

Ray Marshall, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner 

February 1980

Bulletin 2046

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Preface

This is the first report by the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics (BLS) on a developmental study of international price index comparisons which to a large extent 

was inspired by earlier work by Irving B. Kravis and 

Robert E. Lipsey of the National Bureau of Economic 

Research. Major contributors to the development of 

this report were W. John Layng, Assistant Commissioner, Office of Prices and Living Conditions; Edward 

E. Murphy, Chief, Division of International Prices; and 

the following members of the staff of the Branch of International Price Competitiveness under the direction 

of John W. Suomela, Branch Chief: Julius Anamelechi, 

David S. Johnson, Mark C. McEnearney, Richard A. 

Nelson, Jorge F. Perez-Lopez, Nicholas I. Peters, and 

Yu Ju Tien.

Data used for calculating the U.S. export price indexes in this publication were collected by the BLS as 

part of its International Price Program. The U.S. export 

price indexes in this publication differ from the export 

price indexes published each quarter by BLS in that 

they are especially calculated for comparisons with export price indexes for the Federal Republic of Germany and for Japan. These comparisons will be updated and expanded to include additional products and 

countries as data become available.

Material in this publication is in the public domain 

and may be reproduced without permission of the 

Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics and cite Comparisons o f U.S., German,

and Japanese Export Price Indexes, Bulletin 2046 

(1980).

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Contents

Page

M ethodology................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Difficulties in using published export price indexes..................................................................................... 2

Different classification schemes................................................................................................................... 2

Different levels of aggregation..................................................................................................................... 2

Ratios using especially calculated U.S. export price indexes...................................................................... 3

Calculation formulas........................................................................................................................................... 4

Data used in com parisons........................................................................................................................................... 4

Export price indexes of Germany and Jap an ................................................................................................. 4

Export price indexes of the United States....................................................................................................... 5

Exchange rates..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Comparisons of export price indexes......................................................................................................................... 5

U.S.-Germany com parisons............................................................................................................................... 6

U.S.-Japan com parisons..................................................................................................................................... 7

Text tables:

1. Dollars per deutsche mark exchange rate, 1970-79 .............................................................................. 6

2. Percent changes in exchange rates, 1970-79.............................................................................................. 6

3. Dollars per yen exchange rate, 1970-79 ................................................................................................... 7

4. Percent changes in exchange rates, 1970-79.............................................................................................. 7

Reference tables:

U.S.-Germany comparisons

1. Lathes, m etalcutting........................................................................................................................... 9

2. Grinding and polishing machines, metalcutting.............................................................................. 9

3. Presses, metalforming......................................................................................................................... 10

4. Interchangeable tools for hand or machine to o ls .......................................................................... 10

5. Diesel engines, except for motor vehicles........................................................................................ 11

6. Air and gas pumps and compressors, and parts for pumps, compressors, and compressed

air equipment................................................................................................................................... 11

7. Compressed air equipment................................................................................................................. 12

8. Pumps for liquids, except as parts for motor vehicles.................................................................. 12

9. Construction machinery and equipm ent......................................................................................... 13

10. Mining machinery and equipm ent................................................................................................... 13

11. Agricultural machinery and equipment, except tra c to rs.............................................................. 14

12. Agricultural tractors........................................................................................................................... 14

13. Cranes, hoists, and winches, not manually operated...................................................................... 15

14. Industrial trucks, and manually operated cranes, hoists, and winches...................................... 15

15. Machines for making or finishing paper and paper products...................................................... 16

16. Typemaking, typesetting, and printing machines............................................................................ 16

17. Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices......................................................................................... 17

18. Internal combustion engines for motor vehicles............................................................................ 17

19. Parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except electric.............................................................. 18

20. Electric motors and generators......................................................................................................... 18

21. Transformers, rectifiers, and rectifying apparatus.......................................................................... 19

22. Electric switches and switchgear....................................................................................................... 19

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Contents— Cont i n ued

Page

23. Electrical installation equipment and hardw are.............................................................................. 20

24. Electromechanical h andtools............................................................................................................. 20

25. Electric space heating and cooling equipment, and electrothermal appliances.......................... 21

26. Electromechanical appliances, except heating appliances.............................................................. 21

27. Electric household refrigerators and freezers.................................................................................... 22

28. Telecommunications equipm ent......................................................................................................... 22

29. Electron tubes and p a rts ..................................................................................................................... 23

30. Electronic components (resistors, capacitors, etc), except electron tubes.................................... 23

31. Electrical measuring instruments..................................* ................................................................... 24

32. Electrical controlling devices............................................................................................................. 24

33. Electromedical apparatus............................... 25

34. Electrical equipment and accessories for motor vehicles................................................................ 25

U.S.-Japan comparisons

35. Electric motors, not over 20 h p ......................................................................................................... 26

36. Electric sw itches................................................................................................................................... 26

37. Rectifiers and rectifying apparatus..................................................................................................... 27

38. Room air-conditioners, window and wall types................................................................................ 27

39. T ransistors............................................................................................................................................. 28

40. Integrated circuits................................................................................................................................. 28

41. Resistors, as electronic components................................................................................................... 29

42. Capacitors, as electronic com ponents............................................................................................... 29

43. Loudspeakers......................................................................................................................................... 30

44. Transceivers........................................................................................................................................... 30

45. Instruments for measuring electrical quantities or characteristics................................................ 31

46. Trucks, assembled, piston displacement over 2000cc...................................................................... 31

47. Agricultural tractors, except garden tractors.................................................................................... 32

48. Excavators (backhoes, shovels, e tc .)................................................................................................. 32

49. Truck-mounted cranes......................................................................................................................... 33

50. Tractors and loaders, except agricultural tracto rs.......................................................................... 33

51. Lathes, metalcutting, except numerically controlled...................................................................... 34

52. Grinding machines, metalcutting, except numerically controlled.................................................. 34

53. Numerically controlled machines tools..............................; ............................................................. 35

54. Pumps for liquids................................................................................................................................... 35

55. Air or gas pumps and com pressors................................................................................................... 36

56. Forklift tru c k s....................................................................................................................................... 36

57. Power transmission chains, of iron or s te e l..................................................................................... 37

58. Electromechanical handtools............................................................................................................... 37

59. Printing m achines................................................................................................................................. 38

60. Metal valves, of iron or s te e l............................................................................................................. 38

Bibliography....................................................................................................................................................................... 40

VI

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Comparisons of U.S., German,

and Japanese Export Price

Indexes

Continued interest in international price comparisons has led to several recent proposals by banks, 

research institutions, government agencies, and international organizations to produce ratios of price indexes for two or more countries.1 These ratios are of interest because of the influence of changes in relative 

prices on changes in relative quantities. Changes in 

ratios of price indexes for commodities exported by 

two countries can be used, along with other information, in predicting changes in relative export quantities 

and in relative market shares.

This report compares price changes for comparable 

categories of products for Germany, Japan, and the 

United States. The first part deals with the 

methodology for calculating export price index ratios 

and some of the problems involved. The second part 

describes the data used in the construction of 

U.S.-Federal Republic of Germany (U.S.-Germany) 

and U.S.-Japan export price index ratios. The last part 

briefly discusses the behavior of a limited number of 

U.S.-Germany and U.S.-Japan index ratios. Thirtyfour U.S.—Germany and twenty-six U.S.-Japan comparisons are made, covering selected categories of industrial products. The reference tables contain the 

ratios of export price indexes calculated for this report.

Methodology

The effect of a change in a price index on a particular index of quantities demanded depends upon two 

factors: The value shares in the quantity index of the 

items priced and the sensitivity of the demand for each

'See, for example, World Financial Markets (Morgan Guaranty

Trust Company, monthly); Changes in U.S. Foreign Trade: The

Post-197 1 Experience in Perspective, mimeographed (U.S. Department of Commerce, Oct. 1974); “The International Competitiveness

of U.K. Manufactured Goods,” Economic Progress Report, No. 95

(United Kingdom Treasury, Feb. 1978), pp. 1 -3 , also reprinted in

Trade and Industry (Feb. 17, 1978), pp. 3 40-41; and “The International Competitiveness of Selected OECD Countries,” OECD

Economic Outlook: Occasional Studies (Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development, July 1978), pp. 3 5 -5 2 .

item to price changes.2 This price sensitivity is commonly called the price elasticity of demand. In order to 

produce price indexes which will accurately predict 

changes in quantities demanded, the weights used to aggregate the individual price changes must reflect both 

value shares and elasticities. When the correct 

elasticity weights are not used, the calculated price indexes suffer from aggregation bias.

The problem of creating export price indexes using 

elasticity weights appears to be insoluble at this time. 

Published export price indexes are generally constructed for purposes other than demand estimation 

and use trade value weights. Attempts to recalculate 

the indexes have been unsuccessful because the individual price data are not available and, until they 

are, elasticity weights can not be estimated. Furthermore, since elasticities may vary, depending on the 

market in which goods are sold, several elasticityweighted indexes could be calculated from the same set 

of price data. Thus, analysts interested in carrying out 

international demand analysis have been restricted by 

the inadequacy of available export price data.

The extent of bias incurred by the use of improper 

aggregation weights in a price index varies directly with 

the level of aggregation and inversely with the 

similarity of the price behavior of the products included. If a category is narrowly defined and refers primarily to goods which are the same or highly 

substitutable, prices within the category should move 

together or, at least, the variation in price changes 

should be smaller than for categories containing more 

heterogeneous goods. Under these conditions, the indexes would be relatively insensitive to weighting patterns and the bias introduced by not having the desired 

elasticity weights would be minimized.

Although export price index comparisons may be 

either multilateral or bilateral, the ratios developed 

here make bilateral comparisons. To reduce aggregation bias, U.S. export price indexes are calculated to 

represent trends of U.S. export prices for special

2John W. Suomela, “The Meaning and Measurement of International Price Competitiveness,” 1978 Proceedings o f the Business and

Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical Association. This

paper deals with the demand side of the market.

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categories in order to make comparisons at the most

detailed level allowed by the data available from other

countries.

Difficulties in using published export price indexes

Since several countries publish export price indexes, 

intercountry comparisons can be made using these indexes. Most analysts interested in constructing 

U.S.—foreign country export price index ratios have 

used published price index series. As a consequence, 

most work in this area has relied on the matching of 

published price index series when similar titles are used 

by two or more countries.3 Implicit in this approach is 

the assumption that products contained within the 

similarly titled series of two or more countries are highly substitutable.

Because of the tendency toward national specialization, this may not always be a tenable assumption. In 

addition, differences in national statistical systems and 

practices may make direct comparisons of two or more 

countries’ published indexes inappropriate. This applies 

to d irect com parisons of U .S .-G erm an and 

U.S.-Japanese export price indexes using published 

country data. The export price index series published 

by each of the three countries are based on different 

classification schemes and internal weighting structures, and their export price index series are published 

at different levels of aggregation. Because of these 

differences, published U.S. export price index series 

generally cannot be well matched to those for Germany 

and Japan to provide narrowly defined categories within which products have high cross-price elasticities. 

These two factors, different classifications and 

different levels of aggregation, can adversely affect the 

calculation of export price index ratios which use 

published data, by introducing bias or error.

Different classification schemes. Export price index 

series published by the United States, Germany, and 

Japan, with similar or even identical titles, do not 

necessarily contain products which are highly 

substitutable. In part, this is an expected outcome of 

national specialization. It is also a result of the 

different product classification systems used by the 

three countries.

U.S. export trade data are classified according to 

Schedule B, a 7-digit product classification based on 

the U.N.’s Standard International Trade Classification 

System, Revised (SITC-R).4 In most cases, the first 

four or five digits of a Schedule B commodity correspond to either a 4- or 5-digit SITC-R grouping. Products for which export prices are collected by BLS are

3A notable exception is the work by Kravis and Lispsey at the

National Bureau of Economic Research.

4 Schedule B: Statistical Classification o f Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported by United States (Bureau of the Census, Jan. 1,

1971, edition and annual revisions).

assigned to one of the 7-digit Schedule B commodity 

categories and are used to calculate price indexes for 

U.S. exports at the level of 4- or 5-digit SITC-R 

subgroups or items.

German export trade data are recorded according to 

their Commodity Classification for Foreign Trade 

(WA), a 7-digit classification scheme prepared by the 

Statistisches Bundesamt and based on the Brussels 

Tariff Nomenclature (BTN).5 However, the published 

German export price indexes are calculated according 

to a different classification system, developed 

specifically for these price indexes. For categories referring to industrial products, it is based largely on the 

Commodity Classification for Industrial Statistics 

(WI).6 Published materials describing the WI provide 

useful insights into the commodity coverage of the 

published export price indexes for manufactured goods 

categories.

For Japan, trade data are recorded according to 

their Commodity Classification for Foreign Trade 

Statistics (CCFTS), a system prepared by the Customs 

Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of Japan and currently based on the BTN, although it was earlier based 

on the SITC-R.7 Export price indexes are calculated on 

the basis of an autonomous product classification 

system which does not correspond to the CCFTS, even 

though the commodities for which indexes are 

published were selected on the basis of the value of 

trade in 1975 according to CCFTS. Definitions of the 

commodity coverage of the published index categories 

are not available. However, a list of the products whose 

prices are used to calculate the indexes is available and 

has been used here to assist in determining the commodity composition of the published indexes.8

Different levels o f aggregation. The level of aggregation 

in published indexes differs for each of the three countries, and this presents further problems for comparisons based solely on the matching of titles in the indexes. For the United States, published export price indexes are primarily calculated at the level of a 4-digit 

SITC-R category, although indexes for a limited number of 5-digit groupings are also available. For Germany and Japan, however, indexes are often published 

at several levels of aggregation, from an index representing all exported goods to indexes for product 

categories that might correspond to subsets of 4- or 5- 

digit SITC-R categories. Because of these differences in

5 Warenverzeichnis fuer die Aussenhandelsstatistik, Ausgabe 1975

(Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt, 1974).

('Systematisches Warenverzeichnis fuer die Industriestatistik,

Ausgabe 1970 (Wiesbaden: Statistisches Bundesamt, 1970).

7Price Indexes Annual 1977 (Tokyo: The Bank of Japan, Statistics

Department, 1978), pp. 3 3 1 -3 2 .

8List o f Commodity Descriptions for 1975-Based Price Indexes

(Tokyo: The Bank of Japan, Statistics Department, May 1978) (in

Japanese).

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levels of aggregation, published categories are not 

directly comparable. An apparently attractive procedure to achieve comparability is to aggregate 

published series (either several foreign series to approximate the level of a published U.S. series or sets of 

published U.S. and foreign series to reach an aggregate 

common-level grouping) until categories with truly 

matching titles can be created. However, when this procedure is followed, as it is in many studies of international competitiveness, incorrect aggregation weights 

(usually trade weights) are substituted for proper 

elasticity weights. The contribution of these incorrect 

weights to the bias of the index ratios is unknown.

The following examples illustrate situations where 

these factors, classification and aggregation, affect the 

calculation of export price index ratios.

Germany currently publishes an export price index 

series for the category “agricultural machinery,” with 

no further breakdown. An examination of the commodity composition of this category indicates that 

products included in several published U.S. export 

price index categories are substitutes for products contained in the German category: (1) Agricultural 

machinery and appliances for preparing and cultivating 

the soil (SITC-R 712.1); (2) agricultural machinery 

and appliances for harvesting, threshing, and sorting 

(SITC-R 712.2); and (3) agricultural machinery, n.e.s. 

(SITC-R 712.99). In addition, the published German 

export price index for “agricultural machinery” also 

contains products that are substitutes for products contained in other published U.S. export prices indexes: 

Farm elevators, part of the published U.S. index for 

mechanical handling equipment (SITC—R 719.3); and 

sprayers and dusters, part of the published U.S. index 

for nonelectrical machines, n.e.s. (SITC— R 719.6).

Japan publishes export price index series for three 

metalworking machinery categories: Lathes, grinding 

machines, and numerically controlled machine tools. 

The only published U.S. export price series in this 

category is for machine tools for working metals 

(SITC-R 715.1), which encompasses products which 

are substitutes for products contained in all three 

Japanese detailed categories. Furthermore, over the 

period 1975—77, Japan’s export price trends differed 

for the three detailed categories. Were these indexes combined, these differences would be obscured.

In the case of Germany, then, the published German 

index corresponds to parts of more than one published 

U.S. index. For Japan, several published Japanese 

series correspond to a single published U.S. series. In 

each case, the calculation of relative price changes can 

only be accomplished by further aggregating the 

published indexes of one or both countries until series 

with matching titles are obtained. Since inappropriate 

weights must be used, this procedure would increase 

aggregation bias.

Ratios using especially calculated U.S. export price

indexes

It has been possible to reduce aggregation bias by 

constructing special U.S. export price indexes that 

match the product coverage of the other countries’ 

published detailed indexes. The level of detail is determined by the availability of detailed, published foreign 

index series and of suitable sets of U.S. price series for 

individual products, selected from the approximately

5,000 price series collected from U.S. exporters by the 

BLS at the time of this writing.

Information that specifically describes the range of 

products represented in the sampling strata of 

published indexes for Germany and Japan has not been 

available. However, a considerable body of information exists for making judgments about the content of 

the sampling strata. The Statistisches Bundesamt, producer of Germany’s export and import price indexes, 

publishes concordances between the SITC and the German classification scheme for industrial statistics (WI). 

It also publishes a concordance between German 

classification schemes for industrial statistics and trade 

statistics (WA). In addition, the agency has furnished 

BLS with a table of weights and subclassifications within its published export price index categories. For 

Japan, the correct classification of U.S. products into 

the Japanese classification scheme was aided by a complete listing of product specifications priced for Japan’s 

indexes.

By using this information, it was possible to screen 

the BLS data base of U.S. export prices and product 

descriptions and to select only the prices for products 

judged to be substitutes for those products represented 

by the published series of the other two countries. Indexes were then calculated for those categories of products that correspond to the published foreign series. 

These special indexes have been reviewed to ascertain 

that they adequately represent trends of U.S. export 

prices for these categories, and that confidentiality is 

maintained. Using this approach, it was possible to construct 34 U.S.-Germany and 26 U.S.-Japan comparisons using available data.

Access to unpublished U.S. price data and product 

specifications has lessened the problems which arise in 

attempting to compare product prices in aggregate 

series. It should be pointed out, however, that the approach used here does not eliminate all problems, since 

it has not been possible to determine fully the product 

definition and internal weighting procedures used in 

the construction of published German and Japanese export price indexes. In addition, it should be noted that 

the BLS data base of export prices is a sample designed 

to represent U.S. export price trends at the level of 4- 

or 5-digit SITC-R product categories. Though a selection of export prices from this data base has been used 

to produce the special U.S. export price indexes for

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these comparisons, the product samples were not 

originally drawn for this purpose. Thus, while the 

methodology used here for calculating export price index ratios is an advance over methods which relied on 

matching published index series, there is still room for 

further improvement and refinement.

E = the dollar per foreign currency exchange rate during the comparison 

period divided by the exchange rate 

in the reference period.

Data Used in Comparisons

Calculation formulas

The formulas used to calculate special U.S. export 

price indexes for both the U.S.-Germany and the U.S.- 

Japan comparisons are essentially the same. A minor 

difference has been introduced in order to use the additional detailed information available on the internal 

weighting structure of published German export price 

indexes. For comparisons with both countries, the 

special U.S. export price indexes were calculated as 

equal-weighted averages of price changes.

The formulas used in calculating the index ratios 

are:

(1)

( 2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

XPI US

XPI

XPI

XPIRnc

XPIR

m

nJ

WJ

Rij

m nj

2 wj/nj 2 Ry

j=l i=I

is the special U.S. export price index.

is the published foreign export price 

index in the country’s home currency.

E'XPIfc

f

is the foreign export price index in 

U.S. dollars.

XPI^/XPI $

US

is the ratio of export price indexes in 

national currencies.

XPI^/XPI $

US

is the ratio of export price indexes 

when both price indexes are in dollars, where:

the number of subcategories in the index,

the number of items priced in the j’th 

index subcategory,

the foreign country’s trade value 

weight for the j’th subcategory within 

the index. Most indexes were calculated at the first level of aggregation, 

so m = 1 and wj = 1. For some German products, export price indexes 

are not published for subcategories so 

German export weights were used for 

the second level aggregations,

the price of the i’th item during the 

comparison period divided by the 

price of the i’th item in the reference 

period,

The data used in constructing the export price index 

ratios are: (1) Official export price indexes for Germany and for Japan; (2) especially constructed U.S. export price indexes for groupings of U.S. export products; and (3) dollar per deutsche mark and dollar per 

yen exchange rates.

Export price indexes of Germany and Japan

The export price indexes published by Germany and 

Japan show price trends for their merchandise exports 

to all countries. Prices used are for detailed product 

specifications. Only indexes for the most narrowly 

defined product categories have been used for these 

comparisons (corresponding roughly to subsets of 4- or 

5-digit SITC -R categories). Monthly export price indexes are available for Germany beginning in 1958 and 

for Japan beginning in 1957.

In 1978, German export price indexes were available for 331 product categories, at different levels of aggregation, based on approximately 5,340 individual 

export price series.9. These prices refer to export transactions concluded during the reporting month for 

specified commodities on an f.o.b. (free on board) German border basis (i.e., they include inland transportation costs), and the prices are adjusted for quality 

changes. Price relatives are aggregated using the 

Laspeyres formula with 1970 export value weights.10 

The export price indexes represent predominantly industrial products in accordance with the structure of 

German exports (98.6 percent of the total export 

value).

For Japan, The Bank of Japan currently publishes 

monthly price indexes for 305 export categories, at 

different levels of aggregation.11 The 520 monthly 

price reports used to calculate the indexes, provided by 

305 reporting firms, refer to contract prices on an f.o.b.

9Preise Und Preisindizes fuer die Ein- und Ausfur (Wiesbaden:

Statistisches Bundesamt, monthly). This publication superseded an

earlier monthly publication of the Federal Statistical Office entitled

Preise und Preisindizes fuer Aussenhandelsguter.

W. Rostin, Indices o f Foreign Trade Prices, Base 1970, Studies in

Statistics No. 30 (Wiesbaden: Federal Statistical Office, 1974).

l0The standard BLS formula for a Laspeyres index is

L = 2 w ° (Pl/P°) where the w° are value weights from the base

year and where Pl and P° are prices from the comparison period

and the base period. Index series are rebased by dividing by the

reference period index value.

■1Export and Import Price Indexes Monthly (Tokyo: The Bank of

Japan, Statistics Department, monthly).

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port basis and are adjusted for quality changes. Price 

relatives are aggregated using the Laspeyres formula 

with 1975 export value weights. 12

Export price indexes of the United States

The Bureau of Labor Statistics began to publish U.S. 

export price indexes in June 1971. Since then, the number of indexes published has expanded significantly 

and their periodicity has increased from once per year 

to four times per year.13 At this time, export price indexes are published for 81 export categories, accounting for about 60 percent of the total value of U.S. exports in 1975.14 Indexes are published primarily at the 

4- and 5-digit SITC—R levels; an aggregate series for 

machinery and transportation equipment exports is 

also published. Indexes are calculated using a modified 

Laspeyres formula, with the value of U.S. exports in 

1975 (at the Schedule B levels) as weights. Indexes are 

rebased so that, where possible, June 1967=100. Major 

expansion of coverage is in progress, and an aggregate 

series, representing the average price trend for all U.S. 

export products, is planned for publication in 1984.

Companies providing export price data to the BLS 

International Price Program are firms located in the 

United States—whether or not United States owned— 

that are consistent exporters of the products being 

priced. Product categories and companies are currently 

selected on the basis of a multistage probability sampling procedure. Since June 1976, samples have been 

designed so that each product category and company 

has a chance of selection proportional to the value of 

export shipments over the sample time period.15 For 

product areas sampled before June 1976, the selection 

was judgmental, based on high-dollar value of exports. 

Selection of a specification to be priced by a firm within 

a given product area also is currently a judgmental 

process, based on consultation between the firm and a 

BLS field economist. The selection of an item for pricing within a narrow product category is based on the 

goal of selecting a product (or products) whose price 

movements are typical of items exported by that company in that product category.

The export price data collected by BLS are 

specification prices, generally on an f.o.b. basis, for 

transactions occuring during the third month of each

i2Price Indexes Annual 1977 (Tokyo: The Bank of Japan,

Statistics Department).

'^'International Price Indexes,” Ch. 17 in Handbook o f Methods,

Bulletin 1910 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1976), pp. 130-34.

'4“U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes, Second Quarter 1978,-

” Bureau of Labor Statistics, News Release USDL 7 8 -6 8 7 (Aug. 8,

1978).

15For an exposition of the current and planned sampling techniques, see Marvin Kasper and Richard J. Pratt, “Surveying International Prices,” in 1978 Proceedings o f the Sector on Survey Research

Methods, American Statistical Association.

quarter. Complete specifications, including physical 

description, class of buyer, size of transaction, applicable discounts, currency, and mode of transport are provided by the firms. Adjustments are made to reported 

export prices to account for changes in quality and for 

changes in specifications. By m id-1979, approximately

5,000 individual export price series and supporting 

data—originating from about 1,600 firms—were 

available in the BLS export price data base. For purposes of making export price index comparisons, 

especially constructed indexes were calculated using 

the same underlying price data as the regularly 

published indexes, but with different combinations of 

products and weighting schemes.

Exchange rates

In order to calculate index ratios in a common currency, the published export price indexes for Germany 

and for Japan, which are published in terms of deutsche 

marks and yen, were converted to U.S. dollars. The 

conversion was carried out using exchange rates, 

published by the Federal Reserve Board,16 which are 

monthly averages of certified noon buying rates in New 

York. The price index ratios in terms of U.S. dollars 

may be compared to the ratios in national currencies in 

order to gain an insight into the effect of exchange rate 

changes on relative price movements.

Comparisons of Export Price Indexes

Tables 1 through 34 present U.S.-Germany export 

price index ratios, calculated using the formulas and 

data described earlier. U.S.-Japan export price index 

ratios, calculated following the same approach, are 

presented in tables 35 through 60. Generally, ratios 

have been calculated for each June from 1970 to 1973 

and for the last month of each quarter from March 

1974 on. The columns included in each table refer to: 

The special U.S. export price index in dollar terms 

(column 1), the published foreign export price index in 

national currency (column 3), the published foreign export price index after conversion to dollar terms (column 5), the export price index ratio (foreign XPI/U.S. 

XPI) in terms of national currencies (column 7), and 

the export price index ratio in dollar terms (column 9). 

Percent changes from the previous period are presented 

in the other columns. It should be pointed out that not 

all export price index ratios could be calculated for every period because some series begin at later dates than 

others.

l(,Federal Reserve Bulletin (monthly) and Statistical Release G.5:

Foreign Exchange Rates (monthly) (Board of Governors of the

Federal Reserve System).

5

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Text table 1. Dollars per deutsche mark exchange rate,

1970-79

Month Rate Month Rate

June 1970...........

June 1971............

June 1972............

June 1973...........

0.27528

0.28474

0.31560

0.38786

Mar. 1976 

June 1976 

Sept. 1976 

D e c .1976

0.390638

0.387967

0.401685

0.419651

Mar. 1974 ...........

June 1974...........

Sept. 1974 .........

D e c .1974...........

0.382110

0.396025

0.375800

0.408162

Mar. 1977 

June 1977 

Sept. 1977 

Dec. 1977

0.418121

0.424529

0.430336

0.464994

Mar. 1975 ...........

June 1975...........

Sept. 1975 ..........

Dec. 1975............

0.431194

0.427257

0.381904

0.381440

Mar. 1978 

June 1978 

Sept. 1978 

Dec. 1978

0.491812

0.479842

0.507777

0.532172

Mar. 1979 0.537544

SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 

Statistical Release G.5. Foreign Exchange Rates and Federal Reserve

Bulletin.

Since exchange rate changes affect all bilateral export price index ratios in the same manner, it is interesting to examine the behavior of all the index ratios 

simultaneously. However, ratios for specific categories 

or groups of categories often behave differently, so that 

comparisons of export price trends using index ratios 

for individual product categories or groups of categories are also of interest. Therefore, the following 

analysis attempts to point out significant changes in the 

ratios for individual product categories in the light of 

changing exchange rates.

Because of the large changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the deutsche mark and the 

yen which occurred during the 1970’s, importing countries found that, on average, U.S. goods became less expensive relative to similar goods exported from Germany or Japan. These exchange rate changes more than 

offset the generally higher rates of U.S. price increases 

relative to the other two countries. Nevertheless, the 

behavior of individual export price index ratios over 

this period suggests a wide variation in the movement 

of relative average export prices across product categories; for example, over a period of 9 years, while the 

U.S.-Japan export price index ratio for rectifiers and 

rectifying apparatus (table 37) decreased from 111.3 in 

June 1970 to 89.8 in March 1979, the corresponding 

U.S.-Japan ratio for export prices of transistors (table 

39) rose more than two and one-half times, from 45.8 

in June 1970 to 116.0 in March 1979. Disparate 

behavior of the export price index ratios over this interval was also found in the U.S.-Germany comparisons. 

For example, the index ratio for electrical equipment 

and accessories for motor vehicles (table 34) rose from

77.0 in June 1970 to 94.7 in March 1979, while the index ratio for compressed air equipment (table 7) rose 

from 58.5 to 125.6 over the same interval. In addition, 

the behavior of individual ratios tended to differ during certain intervals in the 9-year period, depending

upon the products and the pairs of countries for which 

the comparisons were made.

The following paragraphs analyze U.S.-Germany 

and U.S.—Japan ratios during three different intervals, 

where the intervals are distinguished by the behavior of 

the exchange rates: The first period is from June 1970 

to June 1973, the second period is from June 1973 to 

June 1976, and the third, from June 1976 to March 

1979.

U.S.-Germany comparisons

In the first interval, June 1970 to June 1973, there 

were several adjustments to the dollar per deutsche 

mark exchange rate, especially with the floating of the 

dollar beginning in mid-1971 (text table 1). During this 

interval, the dollar price of the deutsche mark increased by 40.9 percent (text table 2). The second interval, June 1973 to June 1976, was characterized by 

several fluctuations of the exchange rate, with little net 

effect. Thus, the dollar per deutsche mark exchange 

rate was basically at the same level in June 1976 as in 

June 1973. During the third interval, June 1976 to 

March 1979, the deutsche mark appreciated by 38.6 

percent against the dollar.

The total appreciation of the deutsche mark against 

the dollar for the entire 9-year period was 95.3 percent. 

This caused a large shift in the relative export prices of 

U.S. and German products when measured in common 

currency. While the effect was reflected across all 

product categories where comparisons have been made, 

part of the changes may have been absorbed by German 

exporting firms in order to meet increasing competition. The willingness of exporting firms to absorb exchange rate changes depends upon such factors as the 

profit margin, the magnitude of the exchange rate 

change, and the proportion of costs tied to the dollar 

(e.g., imported raw materials, fuel, and semimanufactured inputs). The extent to which exchange rate 

changes are absorbed is reflected in the index ratios in 

national currencies.

During the first period, 10 of 29 index ratios fell 

when measured in national currencies. This means that 

average prices for U.S. exports, as measured by the 

special U.S. export price indexes, rose more rapidly 

than average prices for German exports for only 34 

percent of the product categories covered. However,

Text table 2. Percent changes in exchange rates, 1970-79

(Dollars per deutsche mark)

From To June 1973 June 1976 March 1979

June 1970 40.9 40.9 95.3

June 1973 0.0' 38.6

June 1976 38.6

'Less than 0.05 percent.

6

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Text table 3. Dollars per yen exchange rate, 1970—79

Month Rate Month Rate

June 1970...........

June 1971............

June 1972............

June 1973...........

0.0027864

0.0027979

0.0033070

0.0037808

Mar. 1 976 

June 1976 

Sept. 1976 

D e c .1976

0.00332760

0.00334240

0.00347995

0.00339334

Mar. 1974 ............

June 1974...........

Sept. 1974 .........

D e c .19 74...........

0.00354538

0.00353400

0.00334385

0.00332876

Mar. 1977 

June 1977 

Sept. 1977 

Dec. 1977

0.00356873

0.00366515

0.00374858

0.00414907

Mar. 1975 ............

June 1975...........

Sept. 1975 .........

Dec. 1975............

0.00347309

0.00340767

0.00333452

0.00327150

Mar. 1978 

June 1978 

Sept. 1978 

D e c .1978

0.00431478

0.00467443

0.00526563

0.00510376

Mar. 1979 0.00484704

SOURCE: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 

Statistical Release G.5: Foreign Exchange Rates and Federal Reserve

Bulletin.

when account is taken of the nearly 4 1-percent appreciation of the mark against the dollar, the average 

dollar price for products exported by Germany rose 

more rapidly than for products exported from the 

United States in all 29 categories. As might have been 

expected, the exchange-rate-induced rise in German 

export prices relative to U.S. export prices was accompanied by an increase in the ratio of U.S. to German 

dollar exports of merchandise from l.l in 1972 to l .2 in 

l975!7This result is in line with the 2-year lag found by 

other analysts, between a change in relative export 

prices and most of the consequent change in relative export values!8

Since there was little change in the dollar per 

deutsche mark exchange rate over the second period, 

changes in relative export prices were influenced principally by domestic factors. When expressed in national currencies, U.S. export prices rose more rapidly 

than those of Germany in all but 4 of the 34 product 

categories. This reflects the more rapid rise in the price 

of industrial products in the United States from the second quarter of 1973 to the second quarter of 1976; the 

U.S. industrial price index rose 44.3 percent over this 

period, compared to a 24.2-percent rise in the price of 

industrial products in Germany. As might be expected, 

using a 2-year lag, the ratio of U.S. to German 

merchandise exports fell from l .2 in 1975 to l .0 for the 

first three quarters of 1978.

In the third period, when expressed in national currencies, U.S. average export prices rose more rapidly 

than those of Germany in 32 of the 34 product categories. The exceptions were the categories for cranes,

l7The ratios of merchandise exports have been calculated from

data contained in International Financial Statistics (monthly), line

77aad.

l8For example, the International Monetary Fund estimates that

there is at least a 2-year lag after a change in exchange rates before

most of the related changes in relative quantities occur, IMF Annual

Report, 1978, pp. 4 0 -4 3 .

hoists, and winches (table 13) and electromedical apparatus (table 33). However, during this period, the 

mark appreciated 38.6 percent against the dollar. As a 

result, when expressed in dollars, export prices of Germany rose more rapidly than those of the United States 

in all but one of the product categories covered 

(electron tubes and parts, table 29). The large change 

that occurred in the exchange rate during this period 

has caused a general improvement in U.S. export prices 

relative to those of Germany. To the extent this has occurred, we can expect the ratio of U.S. to German 

merchandise exports in dollars to rise by 1980, other 

things being equal.

U.S.-Japan comparisons

During the first period, June 1970 to June 1973, the 

yen appreciated by 35.7 percent against the dollar (text 

tables 3 and 4). The second period, June 1973 to June 

1976, was characterized by a decrease of 11.6 percent 

in the dollar per yen exchange rate.7 819 During the third 

period, June 1976 to March 1979, the yen again appreciated against the dollar, this time by 45.0 percent. 

Over the entire 9-year interval, the yen increased in 

value by 74.0 percent against the dollar.

During the first period, the average price of U.S. exports increased more rapidly than the yen price of 

Japanese exports for 10 of the 14 manufactured product categories for which comparisons are made. But, 

when the price indexes are adjusted for the nearly 36- 

percent change in the exchange rate, average dollar 

prices for manufactured products exported from Japan 

increased more rapidly than average U.S. export prices 

in all 14 product categories. The exchange-rate-induced rise in Japan’s export prices for this period was 

followed by an increase in the ratio of U.S. to Japanese 

exports of merchandise from 1.8 in 1972 to 2.0 in 1975.

During the second period, the exchange rate fell 

nearly 12 percent, despite the continued large holdings 

of international reserves by Japan and the continuing 

deficits in the current account by the United States. 

This appreciation of the dollar against the yen occurred 

at a time when U.S. average export prices were rising 

more rapidly than Japanese average export prices for

Text table 4. Percent changes in exchange rates, 1970-79

(Dollars per yen)

From To June 1973 June 1976 March 1979

June 1970 35.7 20.0 74.0

June 1973 -11.6 28.2

June 1976 45.0

|9Marina Whitman testified before the Joint Economic Committee of Congress that during this period "... the dollar gained in

value due to large capital flows into the U.S. and active intervention

by the Japanese to preserve their export markets,” Notes from the

Joint Economic Committee, Vol. IV, No. 1 (Sept. 1978).

7

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16 of 26 product categories, when measured in national 

currencies. Thus, the deteriorating position of U.S. export prices relative to those of Japan became even 

worse when measured in a common currency. Average 

U.S. export prices rose more rapidly than average 

Japanese dollar export prices for 22 of the 26 product 

categories covered. The four exceptions were the series 

for transistors (table 39), tractors and loaders, except 

agricultural tractors (table 50), printing machines (table 59), and metal valves of iron or steel (table 60). As 

might have been expected, the general deterioration in 

U.S. export prices relative to Japan’s was followed by a 

drop in the ratio of U.S. merchandise exports to Japan’s 

merchandise exports from 2.0 in 1975 to 1.5 in 1978.

The third period was marked by continued higher 

average rates of price increase for U.S. exports in dollars than for Japanese exports in yen in all 26 product 

categories covered. When measured in the same currency, however, the nearly 40-percent increase in the

price of the yen caused dollar export prices from Japan 

to rise more rapidly in 21 of the 26 product categories 

for which export price index ratios were constructed. 

The five exceptions were the series for exports of 

electric motors (table 35), transistors (table 39), integrated circuits (table 40), capacitors (table 42), and 

transceivers (table 44). Over the entire 9-year interval, 

average U.S. export prices rose less rapidly than dollar 

Japanese export prices for 11 of the 13 product categories which span the entire period. The two exceptions 

were the series for exports of rectifiers and rectifying 

apparatus (table 37) and excavators (table 48).

The historically large change in the dollar price of 

the yen has contributed to the general improvement in the export prices of U.S. products relative to 

those of Japan. In response to an improvement in U.S. 

relative export prices, we can expect an improvement 

in the U.S. market share relative to Japan, other things 

being equal.

8

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Table 1. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Lathes, metalcutting

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 61.1 68.7 44.2 112.4 72.3

1971 June.................................................................................. 65.0 6.4 75.8 10.3 50 5 14 3 116 6 3.7 77.7 7.5

1972 June.................................................................................. 66.0 1.5 79.3 4.6 58.6 16.0 120.2 3.1 88.8 14.3

1973 June.................................................................................. 70.7 7.1 82.4 3.9 74.8 27.6 116.5 -3 .1 105.8 19.1

1974 March............................................................................... 75.5 6.8 89.3 8.4 79.8 6.7 118.3 1.5 105.7 -0 .1

1974 June.................................................................................. 81.4 7.8 92.4 3.5 85.7 7.4 113.5 -4 .1 105.3 -0 .4

1974 September....................................................................... 89.9 10.4 92.8 0.4 81.6 -4 .8 103.2 -9 .1 90.8 -1 3 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 95.3 6.0 94.1 1.4 89.9 10.2 98.7 -4 .4 94.3 3.9

1975 March............................................................................... 98.0 2.8 100.0 6.3 100.9 12.2 102.0 3.3 103.0 9.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 2.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .9 100.0 -2 .0 100.0 -2 .9

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.4 0.4 89.8 -1 0 .2 100.4 0.4 89.8 -1 0 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 101.3 1.3 101.9 1.5 91.0 1.3 100.6 0.2 89.8 0.0

1976 March............................................................................... 104.7 3.4 105.9 3.9 96.8 6.4 101.1 0.5 92.5 3.0

1976 June.................................................................................. 104.7 0.0 105.9 0.0 96.2 -0 .6 101.1 0.0 91.9 -0 .6

1976 September....................................................................... 107.8 3.0 107.5 1.5 101.1 5.1 99.7 -1 .4 93.8 2.1

1976 December........................................................................ 111.7 3.6 108.8 1.2 106.9 5.7 97.4 -2 .3 95.7 2.0

1977 March............................................................................... 112.2 0.4 110.9 1.9 108.5 1.5 98.8 1.4 96.7 1.0

1977 June.................................................................................. 116.0 3.4 111.1 0.2 110.4 1.8 95.8 -3 .0 95.2 -1 .6

1977 September....................................................................... 118.1 1.8 112.9 1.6 113.7 3.0 95.6 -0 .2 96.3 1.2

1977 December........................................................................ 121.7 3.0 113.7 0.7 123.8 8.9 93.4 -2 .3 101.7 5.6

1978 March............................................................................... 125.1 2.8 118.0 3.8 135.8 9.7 94.3 1.0 108.6 6.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 131.1 4.8 118.2 0.2 132.7 -2 .3 90.2 -4 .3 101.2 -6 .8

1978 September....................................................................... 135.1 3.1 118.2 0.0 140.4 5.8 87.5 -3 .0 103.9 2.7

1978 December........................................................................ 137.4 1.7 118.4 0.2 147.5 5.1 86.2 -1 .5 107.4 3.4

1979 March............................................................................... 139.1 1.2 121.6 2.7 153.0 3.7 87.4 1.4 110.0 2.4

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 2. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Grinding and polishing machines, metalcutting

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 61.9 69.0 44.5 111.5 71.9

1971 June.................................................................................. 65.4 5.7 75.6 9.6 50.4 13.3 115.6 3.7 77.1 7.2

1972 June.................................................................................. 67.1 2.6 77.4 2.4 57.2 13.5 115.4 -0 .2 85.2 10.5

1973 June.................................................................................. 72.0 7.3 82.4 6.5 74.8 30.8 114.4 -0 .9 103.9 21.9

1974 March............................................................................... 79.0 9.7 89.9 9.1 80.4 7.5 113.8 -0 .5 101.8 -2 .0

1974 June.................................................................................. 82.1 3.9 91.8 2.1 85.1 5.8 111.8 -1 .8 103.7 1.9

1974 September....................................................................... 87.4 6.5 91.8 0.0 80.8 -5 .1 105.0 -6 .1 92.4 -1 0 .9

1974 December........................................................................ 95.2 8.9 95.6 4.1 91.3 13.0 100.4 -4 .4 95.9 3.8

1975 March............................................................................... 96.4 1.3 100.0 4.6 100.9 10.5 103.7 3.3 104.7 9.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.7 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .9 100.0 -3 .6 100.0 -4 .5

104.5 4.5 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 95.7 -4 .3 85.6 -1 4 .4

1975 December........................................................................ 104.5 0.0 100.0 0.0 89.3 -0.1 95.7 0.0 85.5 -0 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 104.7 0.2 107.1 7.1 98.0 9.7 102.3 6.9 93.6 9.5

1976 June.................................................................................. 109.5 4.6 107.2 0.1 97.4 -0 .6 97.9 -4 .3 88.9 -5 .0

1976 September....................................................................... 111.1 1.5 107.8 0.6 101.3 4.0 97.0 -0 .9 91.2 2.6

112.8 1.5 107.8 0.0 105.9 4.5 95.6 -1 .4 93.9 3.0

1977 March............................................................................... 116.1 2.9 107.9 0.1 105.6 -0 .3 92.9 -2 .8 91.0 -3 .1

117.1 0.9 109.2 1.2 108.5 2.7 93.3 0.4 92.7 1.9

120.5 2.9 109.0 -0 .2 109.8 1.2 90.5 -3 .0 91.1 -1 .7

122.7 1.8 109.0 0.0 118.7 8.1 88.8 -1 .9 96.7 6.1

1978 March............................................................................... 124.5 1.5 112.1 2.8 129.0 8.7 90.0 1.4 103.6 7.1

129.2 3.8 113.3 1.1 127.3 -1 .3 87.7 -2 .6 98.5 -4 .9

1978 September....................................................................... 130.7 1.2 113.3 0.0 134.7 5.8 86.7 -1 .1 103.1 4.7

1978 December........................................................................ 136.8 4.7 113.5 0.2 141.4 5.0 83.0 -4 .3 103.4 0.3

1979 March............................................................................... 142.3 4.0 118.1 4.1 148.6 5.1 83.0 0.0 104.4 1.0

Please see notes at end of tables.

9

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Table 3. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Presses, metalforming

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 59.8 64.1 41.3 107.2 69.1

1971 June.................................................................................. 62.6 4.7 69.8 8.9 46.5 12.6 111.5 4.0 74.3 7.5

1972 June.................................................................................. 69.4 10.9 72.0 3.2 53.2 14.4 103.7 -7 .0 76.7 3.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 72.3 4.2 75.3 4.6 68.3 28.4 104.1 0.4 94.5 23.2

1974 March............................................................................... 85.4 18.1 85.7 13.8 76.7 12.3 100.4 -3 .6 89.8 -5 .0

1974 June.................................................................................. 86.4 1.2 94.4 10.2 87.5 14.1 109.3 8.9 101.3 12.8

1974 September....................................................................... 98.5 14.0 94.4 0.0 83.1 -5 .0 95.8 -1 2 .4 84.4 -1 6 .7

1974 December........................................................................ 98.5 0.0 93.1 -1 .4 89.0 7.1 94.5 -1 .4 90.4 7.1

1975 March............................................................................... 99.9 1.4 100.0 7.4 100.9 13.4 100.1 5.9 101.0 11.7

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.1 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .9 100.0 -0 .1 100.0 -1 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 101.3 1.3 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 98.7 -1 .3 88.3 -1 1 .7

1975 December........................................................................ 105.8 4.4 100.0 0.0 89.3 -0 .1 94.5 -4 .3 84.4 -4 .4

1976 March............................................................................... 105.8 0.0 100.7 0.7 92.1 3.1 95.2 0.7 87.1 3.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 105.8 0.0 101.3 0.6 92.0 -0 .1 95.7 0.5 87.0 -0 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 109.9 3.9 101.3 0.0 95.2 3.5 92.2 -3 .7 86.6 -0 .5

1976 December........................................................................ 112.4 2.3 101.3 0.0 99.5 4.5 90.1 -2 .3 88.5 2.2

1977 M arch............................................................................... 111.8 -0 .5 104.7 3.4 102.5 3.0 93.6 3.9 91.7 3.6

1977 June.................................................................................. 113.7 1.7 106.7 1.9 106.0 3.4 93.8 0.2 93.2 1.6

1977 September...................................................................... 117.5 3.3 106.7 0.0 107.4 1.3 90.8 -3 .2 91.4 -1 .9

1977 December....................................................................... 119.0 1.3 106.7 0.0 116.1 8.1 89.7 -1 .2 97.6 6.8

1978 March.............................................................................. 119.8 0.7 110.7 3.7 127.5 9.8 92.4 3.0 106.4 9.0

1978 June................................................................................. 124.6 4.0 110.7 0.0 124.4 -2 .4 88.8 -3 .9 99.8 -6 .2

1978 September...................................................................... 132.4 6.3 109.6 -1 .0 130.2 4.7 82.8 -6 .8 98.3 -1 .5

1978 December....................................................................... 134.0 1.2 109.6 0.0 136.5 4.8 81.8 -1 .2 101.9 3.7

1979 March.............................................................................. 140.5 4.9 112.2 2.4 141.1 3.4 79.9 -2 .3 100.4 -1 .5

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 4. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Interchangeable tools for hand or machine tools

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 61.4 67.3 43.4 109.6 70.7

1971 June.................................................................................. 64.7 5.4 76.3 13.4 50.9 17.3 117.9 7.6 78.7 11.3

1972 June.................................................................................. 65.5 1.2 79.4 4.1 58.6 15.1 121.2 2.8 89.5 13.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 69.7 6.4 81.9 3.1 74.4 27.0 117.5 -3 .1 106.7 19.2

1974 March............................................................................... 73.9 6.0 86.5 5.6 77.3 3.9 117.1 -0 .3 104.6 -2 .0

1974 June.................................................................................. 80.2 8.5 90.2 4.3 83.6 8.2 112.5 -3 .9 104.2 -0 .4

1974 September....................................................................... 88.4 10.2 91.0 0.9 80.1 -4 .2 102.9 -8 .5 90.6 -13.1

1974 December........................................................................ 94.7 7.1 92.2 1.3 88.1 10.0 97.4 -5 .3 93.0 2.6

1975 M arch............................................................................... 98.2 3.7 94.4 2.4 95.3 8.2 96.1 -1 .3 97.0 4.3

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.8 100.0 5.9 100.0 4.9 100.0 4.1 100.0 3.1

1975 September....................................................................... 99.3 -0 .7 103.1 3.1 92.1 -7 .9 103.8 3.8 92.7 -7 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 100.7 1.4 103.4 0.3 92.3 0.2 102.7 -1 .1 91.7 -1 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 104.3 3.6 104.0 0.6 95.1 3.0 99.7 -2 .9 91.2 -0 .5

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.9 3.5 106.0 1.9 96.2 1.2 98.2 -1 .5 89.2 -2 .2

1976 September...................................................................... 110.4 2.3 106.1 0.1 99.7 3.6 96.1 -2 .1 90.3 1.2

1976 December....................................................................... 112.6 2.0 106.4 0.3 104.5 4.8 94.5 -1 .7 92.8 2.8

1977 March.............................................................................. 114.9 2.0 110.3 3.7 107.9 3.3 96.0 1.6 93.9 1.2

1977 June................................................................................. 122.5 6.6 112.5 2.0 111.7 3.5 91.8 -4 .4 91.2 -2 .9

1977 September...................................................................... 124.8 1.9 115.8 2.9 116.7 4.5 92.8 1.1 93.5 2.5

1977 December....................................................................... 128.6 3.0 115.8 0.0 126.0 8.0 90.0 -3 .0 98.0 4.8

1978 March.............................................................................. 128.9 0.2 115.8 0.0 133.3 5.8 89.8 -0 .2 103.4 5.5

1978 June................................................................................. 130.4 1.2 117.3 1.3 131.7 -1 .2 90.0 0.2 101.0 -2 .3

1978 September...................................................................... 140.2 7.5 118.0 0.6 140.3 6.5 84.2 -6 .4 100.1 -0 .9

1978 December....................................................................... 142.2 1.4 118.0 0.0 147.0 4.8 83.0 -1 .4 103.4 3.3

1979 March.............................................................................. 145.3 2.2 120.9 2.5 152.1 3.5 83.2 0.2 104.7 1.3

Please see notes at end of tables.

10

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 5. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Diesel engines, except for motor vehicles

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 64.3 63.1 40.7 98.1 63.3

1971 June.................................................................................. 68.3 6.2 68.7 8.9 45.8 12.5 100.6 2.5 67.1 6.0

1972 June.................................................................................. 70.1 2.6 76.0 10.6 56.1 22.5 108.4 7.8 80.0 19.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 71.8 2.4 81.2 6.8 73.7 31.4 113.1 4.3 102.6 28.2

1974 March............................................................................... 76.9 7.1 85.3 5.0 76.3 3.5 110.9 -1 .9 99.2 -3 .3

1974 June.................................................................................. 82.4 7.2 87.5 2.6 81.1 6.3 106.2 -4 .2 98.4 -0 .8

1974 September....................................................................... 86.1 4.5 87.5 0.0 76.9 -5 .2 101.6 -4 .3 89.3 -9 .2

1974 December........................................................................ 93.0 8.0 89.1 1.8 85.1 10.7 95.8 -5 .7 91.5 2.5

1975 March............................................................................... 98.6 6.0 98.5 10.5 99.4 16.8 99.9 4.3 100.8 10.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.4 100.0 1.5 100.0 0.6 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0 .8

1975 September....................................................................... 103.1 3.1 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 97.0 -3 .0 86.7 -1 3 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 103.6 0.5 100.1 0.1 89.3 -0 .1 96.6 -0 .4 86.2 -0 .6

1976 March............................................................................... 107.6 3.9 106.8 6.7 97.7 9.4 99.3 2.8 90.8 5.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 108.9 1.2 106.5 -0 .3 96.7 -1 .0 97.8 -1 .5 88.8 -2 .2

1976 September....................................................................... 111.0 1.9 106.0 -0 .5 99.7 3.1 95.5 -2 .4 89.8 1.1

1976 December........................................................................ 111.0 0.0 106.4 0.4 104.5 4.8 95.9 0.4 94.1 4.8

1977 March............................................................................... 111.9 0.8 111.3 4.6 109.0 4.3 99.5 3.8 97.4 3.5

1977 June.................................................................................. 112.9 0.9 112.2 0.8 111.4 2.2 99.4 -0 .1 98.7 1.3

1977 September....................................................................... 116.6 3.3 112.2 0.0 113.0 1.4 96.2 -3 .2 96.9 -1 .8

1977 December........................................................................ 117.8 1.0 112.2 0.0 122.1 8.1 95.2 -1 .0 103.7 7.0

1978 March............................................................................... 121.4 3.1 115.1 2.6 132.5 8.5 94.8 -0 .4 109.1 5.2

1978 June.................................................................................. 125.0 3.0 115.3 0.2 129.5 -2 .3 92.2 -2 .7 103.6 -5 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 129.1 3.3 116.1 0.7 138.0 6.6 89.9 -2 .5 106.9 3.2

1978 December........................................................................ 130.1 0.8 116.0 -0 .1 144.5 4.7 89.2 -0 .8 111.1 3.9

1979 March............................................................................... 136.0 4.5 120.5 3.9 151.7 5.0 88.6 -0 .7 111.5 0.4

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 6. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Air and gas pumps and compressors, and parts for pumps, compressors, and compressed

air equipment

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 70.8 69.0 44.4 97.5 62.7

1971 June.................................................................................. 74.0 4.5 73.1 5.9 48.7 9.7 98.8 1.3 65.8 4.9

1972 June.................................................................................. 76.0 2.7 75.9 3.8 56.0 15.0 99.9 1.1 73.7 12.0

1973 June.................................................................................. 79.9 5.1 77.8 2.5 70.6 26.1 97.4 -2 .5 88.4 19.9

1974 March............................................................................... 83.6 4.6 83.8 7.7 75.0 6.2 100.2 2.9 89.7 1.5

1974 June.................................................................................. 85.4 2.2 84.9 1.3 78.7 4.9 99.4 -0 .8 92.2 2.8

1974 September....................................................................... 87.5 2.5 95.5 12.5 84.0 6.7 109.1 9.8 96.0 4.1

1974 December........................................................................ 89.6 2.4 96.0 0.5 91.7 9.2 107.1 -1 .8 102.3 6.6

1975 March............................................................................... 100.5 12.2 99.8 4.0 100.7 9.8 99.3 -7 .3 100.2 -2 .1

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 0.2 100.0 -0 .7 100.0 0.7 100.0 -0 .2

1975 September....................................................................... 100.4 0.4 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 99.6 -0 .4 89.0 -1 1 .0

1975 December........................................................................ 100.5 0.1 100.3 0.3 89.6 0.2 99.8 0.2 89.2 0.2

1976 March............................................................................... 117.7 17.1 105.3 5.0 96.3 7.5 89.5 -1 0 .3 81.8 -8 .3

1976 June.................................................................................. 117.8 0.1 106.2 0.9 96.5 0.2 90.2 0.8 81.9 0.1

1976 September....................................................................... 118.1 0.3 106.2 0.0 99.9 3.5 89.9 -0 .3 84.6 3.3

1976 December........................................................................ 118.6 0.4 106.2 0.0 104.4 4.5 89.5 -0 .4 88.0 4.0

1977 March............................................................................... 118.8 0.2 108.1 1.8 105.8 1.3 91.0 1.7 89.1 1.2

121.3 2.1 110.5 2.2 109.8 3.8 91.1 0.1 90.5 1.6

1977 September....................................................................... 122.0 0.6 110.6 0.1 111.4 1.5 90.7 -0 .4 91.3 0.9

1977 December........................................................................ 122.3 0.2 108.3 -2 .1 117.9 5.8 88.6 -2 .3 96.4 5.6

1978 March............................................................................... 126.6 3.5 110.2 1.8 126.9 7.6 87.0 -1 .8 100.2 3.9

1978 June.................................................................................. 127.7 0.9 109.4 -0 .7 122.9 -3 .2 85.7 -1 .5 96.2 -4 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 128.4 0.5 109.6 0.2 130.2 5.9 85.4 -0 .4 101.4 5.4

1978 December........................................................................ 133.0 3.6 110.4 0.7 137.5 5.6 83.0 -2 .8 103.4 2.0

1979 March............................................................................... 136.6 2.7 111.5 1.0 140.3 2.0 81.6 -1 .7 102.7 -0 .7

Please see notes at end of tables.

11

314-593 0 - 80-3

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 7. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Compressed air equipment

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 80.8 73.5 47.3 91.0 58.5

1971 June.................................................................................. 80.9 0.1 81.5 10.9 54.3 14.8 100.7 10.7 67.1 14.7

1972 June.................................................................................. 85.6 5.8 82.9 1.7 61.3 12.9 96.8 -3 .9 71.6 6.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 86.7 1.3 85.8 3.5 77.9 27.1 99.0 2.3 89.9 25.6

1974 March............................................................................... 87.0 0.3 90.5 5.5 80.9 3.9 104.0 5.1 93.0 3.4

1974 June.................................................................................. 91.7 5.4 94.1 4.0 87.2 7.8 102.6 -1 .3 95.1 2.3

1974 September....................................................................... 98.7 7.6 96.0 2.0 84.4 -3 .2 97.3 -5 .2 85.5 -10.1

1974 December........................................................................ 99.6 0.9 96.3 0.3 92.0 9.0 96.7 -0 .6 92.4 8.1

1975 March............................................................................... 100.0 0.4 98.0 1.8 98.9 7.5 98.0 1.3 98.9 7.0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.0 100.0 2.0 100.0 1.1 100.0 2.0 100.0 1.1

1975 September....................................................................... 99.9 -0 .1 100.2 0.2 89.6 -1 0 .4 100.3 0.3 89.7 -1 0 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 100.0 0.1 100.2 0.0 89.5 -0 .1 100.2 -0 .1 89.5 -0 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 101.7 1.7 102.2 2.0 93.5 4.5 100.5 0.3 91.9 2.7

1976 June.................................................................................. 101.8 0.1 104.4 2.2 94.8 1.4 102.6 2.1 93.1 1.3

1976 September....................................................................... 102.5 0.7 105.7 1.2 99.4 4.9 103.1 0.5 97.0 4.2

1976 December........................................................................ 102.8 0.3 105.7 0.0 103.9 4.5 102.8 -0 .3 101.1 4.2

1977 March............................................................................... 105.4 2.5 110.0 4.1 107.6 3.6 104.4 1.6 102.1 1.0

1977 June.................................................................................. 105.6 0.2 110.2 0.2 109.5 1.8 104.4 0.0 103.7 1.6

1977 September....................................................................... 108.1 2.4 110.7 0.5 111.5 1.8 102.4 -1 .9 103.1 -0 .6

1977 December........................................................................ 108.4 0.3 110.7 0.0 120.4 8.0 102.1 -0 .3 111.1 7.8

1978 March............................................................................... 108.5 0.1 111.5 0.7 128.3 6.6 102.8 0.7 118.2 6.4

1978 June.................................................................................. 110.1 1.5 113.5 1.8 127.5 -0 .6 103.1 0.3 115.8 -2 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 110.7 0.5 113.6 0.1 135.1 6.0 102.6 -0 .5 122.0 5.4

1978 December........................................................................ 113.7 2.7 114.8 1.1 142.9 5.8 101.0 -1 .6 125.7 3.0

1979 March.............................................................................. 115.5 1.6 115.4 0.5 145.1 1.5 99.9 -1 .1 125.6 -0 .1

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 8. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Pumps for liquids, except as parts for motor vehicles

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 61.5 67.7 43.6 110.1 70.9

1971 June.................................................................................. 62.4 1.5 72.4 6.9 48.3 10.8 116.0 5.4 77.4 9.2

1972 June.................................................................................. 64.5 3.4 75.6 4.4 55.8 15.5 117.2 1.0 86.5 11.8

1973 June.................................................................................. 68.3 5.9 79.5 5.2 72.2 29.4 116.4 -0 .7 105.7 22.2

1974 March............................................................................... 75.6 10.7 87.0 9.4 77.8 7.8 115.1 -1 .1 102.9 -2 .6

1974 June.................................................................................. 86.8 14.8 88.8 2.1 82.3 5.8 102.3 -11.1 94.8 -7 .9

1974 September....................................................................... 89.6 3.2 90.9 2.4 80.0 -2 .8 101.5 -0 .8 89.3 -5 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 92.2 2.9 90.9 0.0 86.9 8.6 98.6 -2 .9 94.3 5.6

1975 March............................................................................... 95.8 3.9 98.3 8.1 99.2 14.2 102.6 4.1 103.5 9.8

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 4.4 100.0 1.7 100.0 0.8 100.0 -2 .5 100.0 -3 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 110.0 10.0 100.1 0.1 89.4 -1 0 .6 91.0 -9 .0 81.3 -1 8 .7

1975 December........................................................................ 108.8 -1 .1 100.1 0.0 89.3 -0 .1 92.0 1.1 82.1 1.0

1976 March............................................................................... 109.8 0.9 103.8 3.7 94.9 6.3 94.5 2.7 86.4 5.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 112.3 2.3 105.1 1.3 95.5 0.6 93.6 -1 .0 85.0 -1 .6

1976 September....................................................................... 117.5 4.6 105.4 0.3 99.0 3.7 89.7 -4 .2 84.3 -0 .8

1976 December........................................................................ 118.6 0.9 105.4 0.0 103.5 4.5 88.9 -0 .9 87.3 3.6

1977 March............................................................................... 119.1 0.4 109.5 3.9 107.1 3.5 91.9 3.4 89.9 3.0

1977 June.................................................................................. 123.5 3.7 110.9 1.3 110.2 2.9 89.8 -2 .3 89.2 -0 .8

1977 September....................................................................... 124.6 0.9 111.3 0.4 112.1 1.7 89.3 -0 .6 90.0 0.9

1977 December........................................................................ 124.8 0.2 111.3 0.0 121.1 8.0 89.2 -0 .1 97.0 7.8

1978 March............................................................................... 127.2 1.9 113.6 2.1 130.8 8.0 89.3 0.1 102.8 6.0

1978 June.................................................................................. 130.7 2.8 113.9 0.3 127.9 -2 .2 87.1 -2 .5 97.9 -4 .8

1978 September....................................................................... 131.7 0.8 113.9 0.0 135.4 5.9 86.5 -0 .7 102.8 5.0

1978 December........................................................................ 137.8 4.6 113.9 0.0 141.9 4.8 82.7 -4 .4 103.0 0.2

1979 March............................................................................... 139.9 1.5 114.6 0.6 144.1 1.6 81.9 -1 .0 103.0 0.0

Please see notes at end of tables.

12

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 9. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Construction machinery and equipment

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 62.7 70.0 45.1 111.6 71.9

1971 June.................................................................................. 65.2 4.0 74.0 5.7 49.3 9.3 113.5 1.7 75.6 5.1

1972 June.................................................................................. 69.8 7.1 77.7 5.0 57.4 16.4 111.3 -1 .9 82.2 8.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 73.4 5.2 82.9 6.7 75.3 31.2 112.9 1.4 102.6 24.8

1974 March............................................................................... 78.9 7.5 85.9 3.6 76.8 2.0 108.9 -3 .5 97.3 -5 .2

1974 June.................................................................................. 83.2 5.4 88.3 2.8 81.8 6.5 106.1 -2 .6 98.3 1.0

1974 September....................................................................... 89.7 7.8 90.6 2.6 79.7 -2 .6 101.0 -4 .8 88.9 -9 .6

1974 December........................................................................ 94.2 5.0 94.0 3.8 89.8 12.7 99.8 -1 .2 95.3 7.2

1975 March............................................................................... 99.2 5.3 99.3 5.6 100.2 11.6 100.1 0.3 101.0 6.0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.8 100.0 0.7 100.0 -0 .2 100.0 -0 .1 100.0 -1 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 101.1 1.1 100.4 0.4 89.8 -1 0 .2 99.3 -0 .7 88.8 -1 1 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 102.7 1.6 100.5 0.1 89.7 -0 .1 97.9 -1 .4 87.3 -1 .7

1976 March............................................................................... 105.2 2.4 102.3 1.8 93.5 4.2 97.2 -0 .7 88.9 1.8

1976 June.................................................................................. 105.5 0.3 103.4 1.1 93.9. 0.4 98.0 0.8 89.0 0.1

1976 September....................................................................... 106.7 1.1 104.4 1.0 98.2 4.6 97.8 -0 .2 92.0 3.4

1976 December........................................................................ 109.6 2.7 104.4 0.0 102.5 4.4 95.3 -2 .6 93.5 1.6

1977 March............................................................................... 112.3 2.5 107.3 2.8 105.0 2.4 95.5 0.2 93.5 0.0

1977 June.................................................................................. 113.5 1.1 108.1 0.7 107.4 2.3 95.2 -0 .3 94.6 1.2

1977 September....................................................................... 116.3 2.5 108.1 0.0 108.9 1.4 92.9 -2 .4 93.6 -1 .1

1977 December........................................................................ 119.6 2.8 108.1 0.0 117.6 8.0 90.4 -2 .7 98.3 5.0

1978 March............................................................................... 120.6 0.8 108.2 0.1 124.5 5.9 89.7 -0 .8 103.2 5.0

1978 June.................................................................................. 125.0 3.6 109.1 0.8 122.5 -1 .6 87.3 -2 .7 98.0 -5 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 127.5 2.0 109.3 0.2 130.0 6.1 85.7 -1 .8 102.0 4.1

1978 December........................................................................ 132.0 3.5 109.1 -0 .2 135.8 4.5 82.7 -3 .5 102.9 0.9

1979 March............................................................................... 133.1 0.8 110.0 0.8 138.4 1.9 82.6 -0 .1 104.0 1.1

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 10. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Mining machinery and equipment

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 61.0 64.3 41.4 105.4 67.9

1971 June.................................................................................. 63.4 3.9 71.7 11.5 47.8 15.5 113.1 7.3 75.4 11.0

1972 June.................................................................................. 66.6 5.0 75.0 4.6 55.4 15.9 112.6 -0 .4 83.2 10.3

1973 June.................................................................................. 68.9 3.5 78.2 4.3 71.0 28.2 113.5 0.8 103.0 23.8

1974 March............................................................................... 74.7 8.4 86.4 10.5 77.3 8.9 115.7 1.9 103.5 0.5

1974 June.................................................................................. 82.6 10.6 87.6 1.4 81.2 5.0 106.1 -8 .3 98.3 -5 .0

1974 September....................................................................... 89.1 7.9 90.4 3.2 79.5 -2 .1 101.5 -4 .3 89.2 -9 .3

1974 December........................................................................ 93.4 4.8 91.3 1.0 87.2 9.7 97.8 -3 .6 93.4 4.7

1975 March............................................................................... 96.3 3.1 97.8 7.1 98.7 13.2 101.6 3.9 102.5 9.7

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.8 100.0 2.2 100.0 1.3 100.0 -1 .6 100.0 -2 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 104.8 4.8 101.0 1.0 90.3 -9 .7 96.4 -3 .6 86.2 -1 3 .8

1975 December........................................................................ 110.1 5.1 101.1 0.1 90.3 0.0 91.8 -4 .8 82.0 -4 .9

1976 March............................................................................... 113.0 2.6 104.3 3.2 95.4 5.6 92.3 0.5 84.4 2.9

1976 June.................................................................................. 113.5 0.4 106.4 2.0 96.6 1.3 93.7 1.5 85.1 0.8

1976 September....................................................................... 116.0 2.2 106.4 0.0 100.0 3.5 91.7 -2 .1 86.2 1.3

1976 December........................................................................ 121.6 4.8 106.4 0.0 104.5 4.5 87.5 -4 .6 85.9 -0 .3

1977 March............................................................................... 125.4 3.1 110.4 3.8 108.1 3.4 88.0 0.6 86.2 0.3

1977 June.................................................................................. 126.7 1.0 110.8 0.4 110.0 1.8 87.5 -0 .6 86.8 0.7

1977 September....................................................................... 128.8 1.7 111.9 1.0 112.7 2.5 86.9 -0 .7 87.5 0.8

1977 December........................................................................ 132.9 3.2 111.9 0.0 121.8 8.1 84.2 -3 .1 91.6 4.7

1978 March............................................................................... 135.3 1.8 114.1 2.0 131.3 7.8 84.3 0.1 97.0 5.9

1978 June.................................................................................. 135.7 0.3 114.7 0.5 128.9 -1 .8 84.5 0.2 95.0 -2 .1

1978 September....................................................................... 140.9 3.8 115.6 0.8 137.4 6.6 82.0 -3 .0 97.5 2.6

1978 December........................................................................ 145.4 3.2 116.0 0.3 144.4 5.1 79.8 -2 .7 99.3 1.8

1979 March............................................................................... 148.7 2.3 119.6 3.1 150.4 4.2 80.4 0.8 101.1 1.8

Please see notes at end of tables.

13

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 11. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Agricultural machinery and equipment, except tractors

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 66.2 65.3 42.1 98.6 63.6

1971 June.................................................................................. 68.5 3.5 71.5 9.5 47.7 13.3 104.4 5.9 69.6 9.4

1972 June.................................................................................. 72.5 5.8 74.7 4.5 55.2 15.7 103.0 -1 .3 76.1 9.3

1973 June.................................................................................. 73.7 1.7 79.6 6.6 72.2 30.8 108.0 4.9 98.0 28.8

1974 March............................................................................... 79.2 7.5 86.8 9.0 77.7 7.6 109.6 1.5 98.1 0.1

1974 June.................................................................................. 82.5 4.2 89.0 2.5 82.5 6.2 107.9 -1 .6 100.0 1.9

1974 September....................................................................... 91.2 10.5 94.1 5.7 82.8 0.4 103.2 -4 .4 90.8 -9 .2

1974 December........................................................................ 95.6 4.8 95.1 1.1 90.9 9.8 99.5 -3 .6 95.1 4.7

1975 March............................................................................... 99.4 4.0 97.8 2.8 98.7 8.6 98.4 -1 .1 99.3 4.4

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.6 100.0 2.2 100.0 1.3 100.0 1.6 100.0 0.7

1975 September....................................................................... 100.6 0.6 100.9 0.9 90.2 -9 .8 100.3 0.3 89.7 -1 0 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 103.9 3.3 102.0 1.1 91.1 1.0 98.2 -2 .1 87.7 -2 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 105.3 1.3 103.1 1.1 94.3 3.5 97.9 -0 .3 89.6 2.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.1 1.7 105.3 2.1 95.6 1.4 98.3 0.4 89.3 -0 .3

1976 September....................................................................... 108.7 1.5 106.1 0.8 99.7 4.3 97.6 -0 .7 91.7 2.7

1976 December........................................................................ 112.6 3.6 107.2 1.0 105.3 5.6 95.2 -2 .5 93.5 2.0

1977 March............................................................................... 115.2 2.3 108.6 1.3 106.3 0.9 94.3 -0 .9 92.3 -1 .3

1977 June.................................................................................. 115.1 -0 .1 108.8 0.2 108.1 1.7 94.5 0.2 93.9 1.7

1977 September...................................................................... 116.3 1.0 110.3 1.4 111.1 2.8 94.8 0.3 95.5 1.7

1977 December....................................................................... 119.6 2.8 110.6 0.3 120.4 8.4 92.5 -2 .4 100.7 5.4

1978 March.............................................................................. 121.3 1.4 111.5 0.8 128.4 6.6 91.9 -0 .6 105.9 5.2

1978 June................................................................................. 123.5 1.8 111.4 -0 .1 125.1 -2 .6 90.2 -1 .8 101.3 -4 .3

1978 September...................................................................... 125.3 1.5 114.5 2.8 136.1 8.8 91.4 1.3 108.6 7.2

1978 December....................................................................... 128.6 2.6 115.4 0.8 143.8 5.7 89.7 -1 .9 111.8 2.9

1979 March.............................................................................. 128.9 0.2 116.1 0.6 146.0 1.5 90.1 0.4 113.3 1.3

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 12. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Agricultural tractors

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 64.2 73.4 47.3 114.3 73.7

1971 June.................................................................................. 68.2 6.2 79.7 8.6 53.1 12.3 116.9 2.3 77.9 5.7

1972 June.................................................................................. 71.3 4.5 81.7 2.5 60.4 13.7 114.6 -2 .0 84.7 8.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 73.9 3.6 82.4 0.9 74.8 23.8 111.5 -2 .7 101.2 19.5

1974 March............................................................................... 81.3 10.0 86.3 4.7 77.2 3.2 106.2 -4 .8 95.0 -6 .1

1974 June.................................................................................. 84.6 4.1 88.6 2.7 82.1 6.3 104.7 -1 .4 97.0 2.1

1974 September....................................................................... 90.2 6.6 91.8 3.6 80.8 -1 .6 101.8 -2 .8 89.6 -7 .6

1974 December........................................................................ 96.5 7.0 97.6 6.3 93.3 15.5 101.1 -0 .7 96.7 7.9

1975 March............................................................................... 100.5 4.1 96.3 -1 .3 97.2 4.2 95.8 -5 .2 96.7 0.0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 3.8 100.0 2.9 100.0 4.4 100.0 3.4

1975 September....................................................................... 102.8 2.8 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 97.3 -2 .7 87.0 -1 3 .0

1975 December........................................................................ 108.0 5.1 102.8 2.8 91.8 2.7 95.2 -2 .2 85.0 -2 .3

1976 March............................................................................... 108.9 0.8 104.6 1.8 95.6 4.1 96.1 0.9 87.8 3.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 111.0 1.9 105.7 1.1 96.0 0.4 95.2 -0 .9 86.5 -1 .5

1976 September....................................................................... 112.2 1.1 105.9 0.2 99.5 3.6 94.4 -0 .8 88.7 2.5

1976 December........................................................................ 115.4 2.9 109.2 3.1 107.2 7.7 94.6 0.2 92.9 4.7

1977 March............................................................................... 119.6 3.6 110.5 1.2 108.1 0.8 92.4 -2 .3 90.4 -2 .7

1977 June.................................................................................. 119.9 0.3 111.7 1.1 111.0 2.7 93.2 0.9 92.6 2.4

1977 September....................................................................... 124.5 3.8 111.7 0.0 112.5 1.4 89.7 -3 .8 90.4 -2 .4

1977 December........................................................................ 130.7 5.0 111.7 0.0 121.5 8.0 85.5 -4 .7 93.0 2.9

1978 March............................................................................... 132.0 1.0 111.8 0.1 128.6 5.8 84.7 -0 .9 97.4 4.7

1978 June.................................................................................. 132.8 0.6 112.4 0.5 126.3 -1 .8 84.6 -0 .1 95.1 -2 .4

1978 September...................................................................... 138.3 4.1 112.4 0.0 133.6 5.8 81.3 -3 .9 96.6 1.6

1978 December....................................................................... 137.8 -0 .4 112.9 0.4 140.7 5.3 81.9 0.7 102.1 5.7

1979 March............................................................................... 138.8 0.7 113.2 0.3 142.4 1.2 81.6 -0 .4 102.6 0.5

Please see notes at end of tables.

14

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 13. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Cranes, hoists, and winches, not manually operated

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 60.2 66.8 43.1 111.0 71.6

1971 June.................................................................................. 63.3 5.1 74.6 11.7 49.7 15.3 117.9 6.2 78.5 9.6

1972 June.................................................................................. 65.7 3.8 79.7 6.8 58.9 18.5 121.3 2.9 89.6 14.1

1973 June.................................................................................. 70.8 7.8 84.8 6.4 77.0 30.7 119.8 -1 .2 108.8 21.4

1974 March............................................................................... 74.2 4.8 92.1 8.6 82.3 6.9 124.1 3.6 110.9 1.9

1974 June.................................................................................. 83.1 12.0 92.4 0.3 85.7 4.1 111.2 -1 0 .4 103.1 -7 .0

1974 September....................................................................... 84.7 1.9 94.3 2.1 82.9 -3 .3 111.3 0.1 97.9 -5 .0

1974 December........................................................................ 89.6 5.8 94.3 0.0 90.0 8.6 105.2 -5 .5 100.4 2.6

1975 March............................................................................... 98.1 9.5 99.8 5.8 100.7 11.9 101.7 -3 .3 102.7 2.3

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.9 100.0 0.2 100.0 -0 .7 100.0 -1 .7 100.0 -2 .6

1975 September....................................................................... 102.0 2.0 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 98.0 -2 .0 87.6 -1 2 .4

1975 December........................................................................ 104.8 2.7 100.0 0.0 89.3 -0 .1 95.4 -2 .7 85.2 -2 .7

1976 March............................................................................... 106.7 1.8 99.6 -0 .4 91.1 2.0 93.3 -2 .2 85.4 0.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.0 0.3 101.8 2.2 92.4 1.4 95.1 1.9 86.4 1.2

1976 September....................................................................... 108.7 1.6 102.6 0.8 96.5 4.4 94.4 -0 .7 88.8 2.8

1976 December........................................................................ 110.2 1.4 102.6 0.0 100.8 4.5 93.1 -1 .4 91.5 3.0

1977 March............................................................................... 111.6 1.3 113.9 11.0 111.5 10.6 102.1 9.7 99.9 9.2

1977 June.................................................................................. 113.8 2.0 114.1 0.2 113.4 1.7 100.3 -1 .8 99.6 -0 .3

1977 September....................................................................... 116.1 2.0 114.1 0.0 115.0 1.4 98.3 -2 .0 99.1 -0 .5

1977 December........................................................................ 117.4 1.1 114.1 0.0 124.2 8.0 97.2 1.1 105.8 6.8

1978 March............................................................................... 119.8 2.0 114.1 0.0 131.4 5.8 95.2 -2 .1 109.7 3.7

1978 June................................................................................. 121.5 1.4 118.5 3.9 133.0 1.2 97.5 2.4 109.5 -0 .2

1978 September....................................................................... 123.9 2.0 118.5 0.0 140.8 5.9 95 6 -1 .9 113.6 3.7

1978 December........................................................................ 127.8 3.1 118.5 0.0 147.5 4.8 92.7 3.0 115.4 1.6

1979 March............................................................................... 128.6 0.6 123.8 4.5 155.7 5.6 96.3 3.9 121.1 4.9

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 14. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Industrial trucks, and manually operated cranes, hoists, and winches

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 65.4 69.1 44.5 105.7 68.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 67.8 3.7 74.0 7.1 49.3 10.8 109.1 3.2 72.7 6.9

1972 June.................................................................................. 70.8 4.4 76.7 3.6 56.6 14.8 108.3 -0 .7 79.9 9.9

1973 June.................................................................................. 73.2 3.4 81.6 6.4 74.0 30.7 111.5 3.0 101.1 26.5

1974 March............................................................................... 81.5 11.3 88.7 8.7 79.3 7.2 108.8 -2 .4 97.3 -3 .8

1974 June.................................................................................. 84.9 4.2 90.7 2.3 84.1 6.1 106.8 -1 .8 99.1 1.8

1974 September....................................................................... 89.8 5.8 93.3 2.9 82.1 -2 .4 103.9 -2 .7 91.4 -7 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 93.3 3.9 93.5 0.2 89.3 8.8 100.2 -3 .6 95.7 4.7

1975 March............................................................................... 100.8 8.0 100.0 7.0 100.9 13.0 99.2 -1 .0 100.1 4.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .8 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .9 100.0 0.8 100.0 -0 .1

1975 September....................................................................... 103.2 3.2 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 96.9 -3 .1 86.6 -1 3 .4

1975 December........................................................................ 104.6 1.4 99.9 -0 .1 89.2 -0 .2 95.5 -1 .4 85.3 -1 .5

1976 March............................................................................... 106.8 2.1 102.4 2.5 93.6 4.9 95.9 0.4 87.6 2.7

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.2 0.4 102.6 0.2 93.1 -0 .5 95.7 -0 .2 86.8 -0 .9

1976 September....................................................................... 107.4 0.2 102.6 0.0 96.4 3.5 95.5 -0 .2 89.8 3.5

1976 December........................................................................ 109.9 2.3 102.6 0.0 100.7 4.5 93.4 -2 .2 91.6 2.0

1977 March............................................................................... 112.0 1.9 105.5 2.8 103.2 2.5 94.2 0.9 92.1 0.5

1977 June.................................................................................. 113.7 1.5 105.5 0.0 104.8 1.6 92.8 -1 .5 92.2 0.1

1977 September....................................................................... 114.0 0.3 105.9 0.4 106.7 1.8 92.9 0.1 93.6 1.5

1977 December........................................................................ 116.6 2.3 105.9 0.0 115.3 8.1 90.8 -2 .3 98.9 5.7

1978 March............................................................................... 119.3 2.3 108.3 2.3 124.6 8.1 90.8 0.0 104.4 5.6

1978 June.................................................................................. 120.2 0.8 108.8 0.5 122.2 -1 .9 90.5 -0 .3 101.7 -2 .6

1978 September....................................................................... 125.0 4.0 108.2 -0 .6 128.6 5.2 86.6 -4 .3 102.9 1.2

1978 December........................................................................ 126.5 1.2 108.2 0.0 134.8 4.8 85.5 -1 .3 106.6 3.6

1979 March............................................................................... 129.3 2.2 110.4 2.0 138.9 3.0 85.4 -0 .1 107.4 0.8

Please see notes at end of tables.

15

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 15. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Machines for making or finishing paper and paper products

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 69.2 64.4 41.5 93.1 60.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 72.7 5.1 70.1 8.9 46.7 12.5 96.4 3.5 64.2 7.0

1972 June.................................................................................. 75.4 3.7 74.1 5.7 54.7 17.1 98.3 2.0 72.5 12.9

1973 June.................................................................................. 84.6 12.2 78.2 5.5 71.0 29.8 92.4 -6 .0 83.9 15.7

1974 March............................................................................... 89.9 6.3 86.2 10.2 77.0 8.5 95.9 3.8 85.7 2.1

1974 June.................................................................................. 93.7 4.2 88.7 2.9 82.2 6.8 94.7 -1 .3 87.7 2.3

1974 September....................................................................... 96.4 2.9 90.5 2.0 79.6 -3 .2 93.9 -0 .8 82.6 -5 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 96.7 0.3 91.1 0.7 87.0 9.3 94.2 0.3 90.0 9.0

1975 March............................................................................... 98.8 2.2 98.8 8.5 99.7 14.6 100.0 6.2 100.9 12.1

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.2 100.0 1.2 100.0 0.3 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .9

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.8 0.8 90.1 -9 .9 100.8 0.8 90.1 -9 .9

1975 December........................................................................ 100.0 0.0 101.6 0.8 90.7 0.7 101.6 0.8 90.7 0.7

1976 March............................................................................... 108.0 8.0 103.9 2.3 95.0 4.7 96.2 -5 .3 88.0 -3 .0

1976 June.................................................................................. 108.0 0.0 104.1 0.2 94.5 -0 .5 96.4 0.2 87.5 -0 .6

1976 September....................................................................... 108.0 0.0 104.2 0.1 97.9 3.6 96.5 0.1 90.6 3.5

1976 December........................................................................ 110.1 1.9 104.8 0.6 102.9 5.1 95.2 -1 .3 93.5 3.2

1977 March............................................................................... 116.8 6.1 110.5 5.4 108.2 5.2 94.6 -0 .6 92.6 -1 .0

1977 June.................................................................................. 117.7 0.8 110.7 0.2 110.0 1.7 94.1 -0 .5 93.5 1.0

1977 September....................................................................... 118.5 0.7 110.8 0.1 111.6 1.5 93.5 -0 .6 94.2 0.7

1977 December....................................................................... 118.9 0.3 111.2 0.4 121.0 8.4 93.5 0.0 101.8 8.1

1978 March............................................................................... 121.8 2.4 113.7 2.2 130.9 8.2 93.3 -0 .2 107.5 5.6

1978 June.................................................................................. 124.0 1.8 113.5 -0 .2 127.5 -2 .6 91.5 -1 .9 102.8 -4 .4

1978 September....................................................................... 127.8 3.1 113.5 0.0 134.9 5.8 88.8 -3 .0 105.6 2.7

1978 December........................................................................ 129.3 1.2 113.9 0.4 141.9 5.2 88.1 -0 .8 109.7 3.9

1979 March.............................................................................. 129.5 0.2 117.4 3.1 147.7 4.1 90.7 3.0 114.1 4.0

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 16. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Typemaking, typesetting, and printing machines

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 80.8 67.6 43.6 83.7 54.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 83.8 3.7 74.2 9.8 49.4 13.3 88.5 5.7 58.9 9.1

1972 June.................................................................................. 86.1 2.7 77.0 3.8 56.9 15.2 89.4 1.0 66.1 12.2

1973 June................................................................................. . 86.2 0.1 82.1 6.6 74.6 31.1 95.2 6.5 86.5 30.9

1974 March............................................................................... 87.8 1.9 90.0 9.6 80.5 7.9 102.5 7.7 91.7 6.0

1974 June.................................................................................. 92.0 4.8 90.6 0.7 84.0 4.3 98.5 -3 .9 91.3 -0 .4

1974 September....................................................................... 92.9 1.0 92.9 2.5 81.8 -2 .6 100.0 1.5 88.1 -3 .5

1974 December........................................................................ 97.7 5.2 94.7 1.9 90.5 10.6 96.9 -3 .1 92.6 5.1

1975 March............................................................................... 100.0 2.4 96.2 1.6 97.1 7.3 96.2 -0 .7 97.1 4.9

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.0 100.0 4.0 100.0 3.0 100.0 4.0 100.0 3.0

1975 September....................................................................... 104.3 4.3 100.2 0.2 89.6 -1 0 .4 96.1 -3 .9 85.9 -1 4.1

1975 December........................................................................ 105.6 1.2 100.8 0.6 90.0 0.4 95.5 -0 .6 85.2 -0 .8

1976 March............................................................................... 112.4 6.4 103.2 2.4 94.4 4.9 91.8 -3 .9 84.0 -1 .4

1976 June.................................................................................. 112.4 0.0 104.0 0.8 94.4 0.0 92.5 0.8 84.0 0.0

1976 September....................................................................... 114.1 1.5 106.2 2.1 99.8 5.7 93.1 0.6 87.5 4.2

1976 December........................................................................ 118.0 3.4 106.6 0.4 104.7 4.9 90.3 -3 .0 88.7 1.4

1977 March............................................................................... 124.0 5.1 109.0 2.3 106.7 1.9 87.9 -2 .7 86.0 -3 .0

1977 June.................................................................................. 126.3 1.9 110.1 1.0 109.4 2.5 87.2 -0 .8 86.6 0.7

1977 September...................................................................... 129.2 2.3 111.4 1.2 112.2 2.6 86.2 -1 .1 86.8 0.2

1977 December....................................................................... 130.4 0.9 111.6 0.2 121.4 8.2 85.6 -0 .7 93.1 7.3

1978 March.............................................................................. 135.0 3.5 112.6 0.9 129.6 6.8 83,4 -2 .6 96.0 3.1

1978 June................................................................................. 139.3 3.2 112.8 0.2 126.7 -2 .2 81.0 -2 .9 91.0 -5 .2

1978 September...................................................................... 138.7 -0 .4 114.9 1.9 136.6 7.8 82.8 2.2 98.5 8.2

1978 December....................................................................... 140.4 1.2 115.0 0.1 143.2 4.8 81.9 -1 .1 102.0 3.6

1979 March.............................................................................. 143.1 1.9 116.7 1.5 146.8 2.5 81.6 -0 .4 102.6 0.6

Please see notes at end of tables.

16

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 17. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Taps, cocks, valves, and similar devices

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 67.8 76.2 49.1 112.4 72.4

1971 June.................................................................................. 69.7 2.8 79.7 4.6 53.1 8.1 114.3 1.7 76.2 5.2

1972 June.................................................................................. 67.0 -3 .9 81.6 2.4 60.3 13.6 121.8 6.6 90.0 18.1

1973 June.................................................................................. 70.5 5.2 85.3 4.5 77.4 28.4 121.0 -0 .7 109.8 22.0

1974 March............................................................................... 81.2 15.2 95.1 11.5 85.1 9.9 117.1 -3 .2 104.8 -4 .6

1974 June.................................................................................. 82.8 2.0 101.5 6.7 94.1 10.6 122.6 4.7 113.6 8.4

1974 September....................................................................... 92.0 11.1 101.7 0.2 89.4 -5 .0 110.5 -9 .9 97.2 -1 4 .4

1974 December........................................................................ 93.8 2.0 101.3 -0 .4 96.8 8.3 108.0 -2 .3 103.2 6.2

1975 March............................................................................... 96.7 3.1 100.6 -0 .7 101.5 4.9 104.0 -3 .7 105.0 1.7

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.4 100.0 -0 .6 100.0 -1 .5 100.0 -3 .8 100.0 -4 .8

1975 September....................................................................... 100.8 0.8 100.8 0.8 90.1 -9 .9 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6

1975 December........................................................................ 103.1 2.3 100.1 -0 .7 89.3 -0 .9 97.1 -2 .9 86.6 -3 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 107.0 3.8 102.0 1.9 93.2 4.4 95.3 -1 .9 87.1 0.6

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.7 0.7 103.7 1.7 94.2 1.1 96.3 1.0 87.5 0.5

1976 September....................................................................... 109.4 1.6 103.1 -0 .6 97.0 3.0 94.2 -2 .2 88.7 1.4

1976 December........................................................................ 113.4 3.7 103.1 0.0 101.3 4.4 90.9 -3 .5 89.3 0.7

1977 March............................................................................... 114.0 0.5 106.0 2.8 103.7 2.4 93.0 2.3 91.0 1.9

1977 June.................................................................................. 114.8 0.7 106.6 0.6 105.9 2.1 92.9 -0 .1 92.2 1.3

1977 September....................................................................... 115.1 0.3 105.5 -1 .0 106.3 0.4 91.7 -1 .3 92.4 0.2

1977 December........................................................................ 119.3 3.6 105.5 0.0 114.8 8.0 88.4 -3 .6 96.2 4.1

1978 March............................................................................... 121.3 1.7 106.9 1.3 123.0 7.1 88.1 -0 .3 101.4 5.4

1978 June.................................................................................. 123.2 1.6 107.0 0.1 120.2 -2 .3 86.9 -1 .4 97.6 -3 .7

1978 September....................................................................... 125.6 1.9 107.1 0.1 127.3 5.9 85.3 -1 .8 101.4 3.9

1978 December........................................................................ 130.1 3.6 107.3 0.2 133.6 4.9 82.5 -3 .3 102.7 1.3

1979 March............................................................................... 133.2 2.4 108.6 1.2 136.7 2.3 81.5 -1 .2 102.6 -0 .1

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 18. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Internal combustion engines for motor vehicles

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1975 September....................................................................... 106.6 6.6 100.1 0.1 89.5 -1 0 .5 93.9 -6 .1 84.0 -1 6 .0

1975 December........................................................................ 106.6 0.0 100.1 0.0 89.4 -0 .1 93.9 0.0 83.9 -0 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 110.6 3.8 101.1 1.0 92.5 3.5 91.4 -2 .7 83.6 -0 .4

1976 June.................................................................................. 110.6 0.0 104.8 3.7 95.2 2.9 94.8 3.7 86.1 3.0

1976 September....................................................................... 112.7 1.9 104.8 0.0 98.5 3.5 93.0 -1 .9 87.4 1.5

1976 December........................................................................ 113.5 0.7 104.9 0.1 103.1 4.7 92.4 -0 .6 90.8 3.9

1977 March............................................................................... 113.6 0.1 105.6 0.7 103.3 0.2 93.0 0.6 90.9 0.1

1977 June.................................................................................. 113.6 0.0 109.6 3.8 108.9 5.4 96.5 3.8 95.9 5.5

1977 September....................................................................... 120.6 6.2 109.8 0.2 110.6 1.6 91.0 -5 .7 91.7 -4 .4

1977 December........................................................................ 121.4 0.7 109.8 0.0 119.5 8.0 90.4 -0 .7 98.4 7.3

1978 March............................................................................... 124.1 2.2 113.7 3.6 130.9 9.5 91.6 1.3 105.5 7.2

1978 June.................................................................................. 124.1 0.0 115.0 1.1 129.2 -1 .3 92.7 1.2 104.1 -1 .3

1978 September....................................................................... 129.4 4.3 115.0 0.0 136.7 5.8 88.9 -4 .1 105.6 1.4

1978 December........................................................................ 129.4 0.0 115.0 0.0 143.3 4.8 88.9 0.0 110.7 4.8

1979 March............................................................................... 131.0 1.2 117.1 1.8 147.3 2.8 89.4 0.6 112.4 1.5

Please see notes at end of tables.

17

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 19. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except electric

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 69.1 72.3 46.6 104.6 67.4

1971 June.................................................................................. 71.8 3.9 76.5 5.8 51.0 9.4 106.5 1.8 71.0 5.3

1972 June.................................................................................. 74.0 3.1 77.6 1.4 57.3 12.4 104.9 -1 .5 77.4 9.0

1973 June.................................................................................. 77.6 4.9 80.9 4.3 73.5 28.3 104.3 -0 .6 94.7 22.4

1974 March............................................................................... 79.7 2.7 88.8 9.8 79.4 8.0 111.4 6.8 99.6 5.2

1974 June.................................................................................. 86.9 9.0 91.1 2.6 84.5 6.4 104.8 -5 .9 97.2 -2 .4

1974 September....................................................................... 91.7 5.5 92.7 1.8 81.6 -3 .4 101.1 -3 .5 89.0 -8 .4

1974 December........................................................................ 96.7 5.5 93.3 0.6 89.1 9.2 96.5 -4 .5 92.1 3.5

1975 March............................................................................... 98.6 2.0 99.1 6.2 100.0 12.2 100.5 4.1 101.4 10.1

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.4 100.0 0.9 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 -1 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 101.5 1.5 100.8 0.8 90.1 -9 .9 99.3 -0 .7 88.8 -1 1 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 102.2 0.7 101.7 0.9 90.8 0.8 99.5 0.2 88.8 0.0

1976 March............................................................................... 103.8 1.6 105.0 3.2 96.0 5.7 101.2 1.7 92.5 4.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 104.0 0.2 105.8 0.8 96.1 0.1 101.7 0.5 92.4 -0 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 105.0 1.0 106.0 0.2 99.7 3.7 101.0 -0 .7 95.0 2.8

1976 December........................................................................ 108.3 3.1 105.0 -0 .9 103.1 3.4 97.0 -4 .0 95.2 0.2

1977 March............................................................................... 108.8 0.5 108.8 3.6 106.5 3.3 100.0 3.1 97.9 2.8

1977 June.................................................................................. 108.6 -0 .2 111.0 2.0 110.3 3.6 102.2 2.2 101.6 3.8

1977 September...................................................................... 111.0 2.2 111.0 0.0 111.8 1.4 100.0 -2 .2 100.7 -0 .9

1977 December....................................................................... 110.8 -0 .2 111.2 0.2 121.0 8.2 100.4 0.4 109.2 8.4

1978 March............................................................................... 116.2 4.9 113.3 1.9 130.5 7.9 97.5 -2 .9 112.3 2.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 118.2 1.7 113.8 0.4 127.8 -2 .1 96.3 -1 .2 108.1 -3 .7

1978 September....................................................................... 122.4 3.6 114.1 0.3 135.6 6.1 93.2 -3 .2 110.8 2.5

1978 December....................................................................... 124.8 2.0 114.2 0.1 142.2 4.9 91.5 -1 .8 113.9 2.8

1979 March.............................................................................. 130.4 4.5 116.4 1.9 146.4 3.0 89.3 -2 .4 112.3 -1 .4

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 20. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electric motors and generators

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 65.5 64.1 41.3 97.9 63.1

1971 June.................................................................................. 69.7 6.4 73.1 14.0 48.7 17.9 104.9 7.2 69.9 10.8

1972 June.................................................................................. 72.6 4.2 76.2 4.2 56.3 15.6 105.0 0.1 77.5 10.9

1973 June.................................................................................. 76.5 5.4 80.4 5.5 73.0 29.7 105.1 0.1 95.4 23.1

1974 March............................................................................... 82.6 8.0 86.7 7.8 77.5 6.2 105.0 -0 .1 93.8 -1 .7

1974 June.................................................................................. 85.9 4.0 90.1 3.9 83.5 7.7 104.9 -0 .1 97.2 3.6

1974 September....................................................................... 90.6 5.5 93.8 4.1 82.5 -1 .2 103.5 -1 .3 91.1 -6 .3

1974 December........................................................................ 92.8 2.4 93.5 -0 .3 89.3 8.2 100.8 -2 .6 96.2 5.6

1975 March............................................................................... 95.0 2.4 99.1 6.0 100.1 12.1 104.3 3.5 105.4 9.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 5.3 100.0 0.9 100.0 -0 .1 100.0 -4 .1 100.0 -5 .1

1975 September....................................................................... 102.4 2.4 100.7 0.7 90.0 -1 0 .0 98.3 -1 .7 87.9 -1 2.1

1975 December........................................................................ 103.0 0.6 100.7 0.0 89.9 -0 .1 97.8 -0 .5 87.3 -0 .7

1976 March............................................................................... 103.8 0.8 103.4 2.7 94.5 5.1 99.6 1.8 91.0 4.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 106.0 2.1 105.8 2.3 96.1 1.7 99.8 0.2 90.7 -0 .3

1976 September....................................................................... 107.4 1.3 105.8 0.0 99.5 3.5 98.5 -1 .3 92.6 2.1

1976 December....................................................................... 108.8 1.3 105.8 0.0 103.9 4.4 97.2 -1 .3 95.5 3.1

1977 March............................................................................... 112.5 3.4 109.2 3.2 106.9 2.9 97.1 -0 .1 95.0 -0 .5

1977 June.................................................................................. 111.5 -0 .9 110.3 1.0 109.6 2.5 98.9 1.9 98.3 3.5

1977 September....................................................................... 112.8 1.2 110.3 0.0 111.1 1.4 97.8 -1 .1 98:5 0.2

1977 December........................................................................ 112.8 0.0 110.3 0.0 120.1 8.1 97.8 0.0 106.5 8.1

1978 March............................................................................... 117.1 3.8 112.8 2.3 129.9 8.2 96.3 -1 .5 110.9 4.1

1978 June.................................................................................. 119.2 1.8 109.4 -3 .0 122.9 -5 .4 91.8 -4 .7 103.1 -7 .0

1978 September...................................................................... 118.9 -0 .3 109.4 0.0 130.0 5.8 92.0 0.2 109.3 6.0

1978 December....................................................................... 122.3 2.9 109.4 0.0 136.3 4.8 89.5 -2 .7 111.4 1.9

1979 March.............................................................................. 127.1 3.9 111.7 2.1 140.5 3.1 87.9 -1 .8 110.5 -0 .8

Please see notes at end of tables.

18

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 21. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Transformers, rectifiers, and rectifying apparatus

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 78.3 83.1 53.6 106.1 68.5

1971 June.................................................................................. 76.3 -2 .6 84.3 1.4 56.2 4.9 110.5 4.1 73.7 7.6

1972 June.................................................................................. 81.8 7.2 87.4 3.7 64.6 14.9 106.8 -3 .3 79.0 7.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 78.4 -4 .2 89.1 1.9 80.9 25.2 113.6 6.4 103.2 30.6

1974 March............................................................................... 88.4 12.8 87.6 -1 .7 78.3 -3 .2 99.1 -1 2 .8 88.6 -14.1

1974 June.................................................................................. 92.0 4.1 88.3 0.8 81.9 4.6 96.0 -3 .1 89.0 0.5

1974 September....................................................................... 93.7 1.8 91.9 4.1 80.8 -1 .3 98.1 2.2 86.2 -3 .1

1974 December........................................................................ 96.2 2.7 93.3 1.5 89.2 10.4 97.0 -1 .1 92.7 7.5

1975 March............................................................................... 98.5 2.4 100.1 7.3 101.0 13.2 101.6 4.7 102.5 10.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.5 100.0 -0 .1 100.0 -1 .0 100.0 -1 .6 100.0 -2 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 101.1 1.1 100.5 0.5 89.8 -1 0 .2 99.4 -0 .6 88.8 -1 1 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 101.3 0.2 99.4 -1 .1 88.8 -1 .1 98.1 -1 .3 87.7 -1 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 103.2 1.9 99.6 0.2 91.0 2.5 96.5 -1 .6 88.2 0.6

1976 June.................................................................................. 105.6,

104.9

2.3 99.6 0.0 90.4 -0 .7 94.3 -2 .3 85.6 -2 .9

1976 September....................................................................... -0 .7 100.9 1.3 94.9 5.0 96.2 2.0 90.5 5.7

1976 December........................................................................ 105.4 0.5 100.9 0.0 99.1 4.4 95.7 -0 .5 94.0 3.9

1977 March............................................................................... 109.9 4.3 104.4 3.5 102.2 3.1 95.0 -0 .7 93.0 -1 .1

1977 June................................................................................. 110.6 0.6 105.3 0.9 104.6 2.3 95.2 0.2 94.6 1.7

1977 September....................................................................... 111.6 0.9 105.2 -0 .1 105.9 1.2 94.3 -0 .9 94.9 0.3

1977 December........................................................................ 111.0 -0 .5 105.2 0.0 114.5 8.1 94.8 0.5 103.2 8.7

1978 March............................................................................... 113.4 2.2 104.8 -0 .4 120.6 5.3 92.4 -2 .5 106.3 3.0

114.3 0.8 106.3 1.4 119.3 -1 .1 93.0 0.6 104.4 -1 .8

1978 September....................................................................... 115.6 1.1 106.2 -0 .1 126.2 5.8 91.9 -1 .2 109.2 4.6

1978 December........................................................................ 117.4 1.6 106.2 0.0 132.2 4.8 90.5 -1 .5 112.6 3.1

1979 March............................................................................... 121.3 3.3 107.5 1.2 135.3 2.3 88.6 -2 .1 111.5 -1 .0

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 22. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electric switches and switchgear

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 70.4 70.1 45.2 99.6 64.2

1971 June.................................................................................. 75.0 6.5 73.5 4.9 49.0 8.4 98.0 -1 .6 65.3 1.7

1972 June.................................................................................. 77.3 3.1 77.3 5.2 57.1 16.5 100.0 2.0 73.9 13.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 79.5 2.8 80.2 3.8 72.8 27.5 100.9 0.9 91.6 24.0

1974 March............................................................................... 81.1 2.0 87.5 9.1 78.3 7.6 107.9 6.9 96.5 5.3

1974 June.................................................................................. 92.1 13.6 88.9 1.6 82.4 5.2 96.5 -1 0 .6 89.5 -7 .3

1974 September....................................................................... 95.0 3.1 92.1 3.6 81.0 -1 .7 96.9 0.4 85.3 -4 .7

1974 December........................................................................ 96.6 1.7 92.2 0.1 88.1 8.8 95.4 -1 .5 91.2 6.9

1975 March............................................................................... 98.7 2.2 96.7 4.9 97.6 10.8 98.0 2.7 98.9 8.4

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.3 100.0 3.4 100.0 2.5 100.0 2.0 100.0 1.1

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.2 0.2 89.6 -1 0 .4 100.2 0.2 89.6 -1 0 .4

1975 December........................................................................ 100.0 0.0 100.2 0.0 89.5 -0 .1 100.2 0.0 89.5 -0 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 100.5 0.5 102.9 2.7 94.1 5.1 102.4 2.2 93.6 4.6

1976 June.................................................................................. 105.4 4.9 104.5 1.6 94.9 0.9 99.1 -3 .2 90.0 -3 .8

1976 September....................................................................... 106.0 0.6 104.7 0.2 98.4 3.7 98.8 -0 .3 92.8 3.1

1976 December........................................................................ 106.5 0.5 104.8 0.1 102.9 4.6 98.4 -0 .4 96.6 4.1

1977 March............................................................................... 109.5 2.8 109.1 4.1 106.7 3.7 99.6 1.2 97.4 0.8

1977 June.................................................................................. 110.9 1.3 110.4 1.2 109.7 2.8 99.5 -0 .1 98.9 1.5

1977 September....................................................................... 111.4 0.5 110.8 0.4 111.6 1.7 99.5 0.0 100.2 1.3

1977 December........................................................................ 115.0 3.2 110.8 0.0 120.6 8.1 96.3 -3 .2 104.9 4.7

1978 March............................................................................... 117.0 1.7 113.8 2.7 131.0 8.6 97.3 1.0 112.0 6.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 116.0 -0 .9 113.7 -0 .1 127.7 -2 .5 98.0 0.7 110.1 -1 .7

1978 September....................................................................... 115.4 -0 .5 112.9 -0 .7 134.2 5.1 97.8 -0 .2 116.3 5.6

1978 December........................................................................ 116.7 1.1 112.9 0.0 140.6 4.8 96.7 -1 .1 120.5 3.6

1979 March............................................................................... 117.4 0.6 115.8 2.6 145.7 3.6 98.6 2.0 124.1 3.0

Please see notes at end of tables.

19

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 23. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electrical installation equipment and hardware

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 97.1 99.6 100.5 102.6 103.5

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.0 100.0 0.4 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 -2 .5 100.0 -3 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6

1975 December........................................................................ 101.5 1.5 100.1 0.1 89.3 -0 .1 98.6 -1 .4 88.0 -1 .6

1976 March............................................................................... 101.5 0.0 100.8 0.7 92.1 3.1 99.3 0.7 90.7 3.1

1976 June.................................................................................. 109.1 7.5 101.4 0.6 92.1 0.0 92.9 -6 .4 84.4 -6 .9

1976 September....................................................................... 111.6 2.3 103.2 1.8 97.0 5.3 92.5 -0 .4 86.9 3.0

1976 December........................................................................ 111.6 0.0 104.3 1.1 102.4 5.6 93.5 1.1 91.8 5.6

1977 March............................................................................... 114.3 2.4 103.9 -0 .4 101.7 -0 .7 90.9 -2 .8 89.0 -3 .1

1977 June.................................................................................. 116.1 1.6 105.6 1.6 104.9 3.1 91.0 0.1 90.4 1.6

1977 September....................................................................... 124.6 7.3 106.4 0.8 107.1 2.1 85.4 -6 .2 86.0 -4 .9

1977 December........................................................................ 127.5 2.3 106.4 0.0 115.8 8.1 83.5 -2 .2 90.8 5.6

1978 March............................................................................... 127.5 0.0 109.1 2.5 125.6 8.5 85.6 2.5 98.5 8.5

1978 June.................................................................................. 132.4 3.8 110.1 0.9 123.6 -1 .6 83.2 -2 .8 93.4 -5 .2

1978 September....................................................................... 132.4 0.0 110.6 0.5 131.4 6.3 83.5 0.4 99.2 6.2

1978 December....................................................................... 136.7 3.2 110.4 -0 .2 137.5 4.6 80.8 -3 .2 100.6 1.4

1979 March............................................................................... 138.1 1.0 110.7 0.3 139.3 1.3 80.2 -0 .7 100.9 0.3

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 24. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electromechanical hand tools

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 81.1 71.6 46.1 88.3 56.8

1971 June.................................................................................. 82.0 1.1 77.7 8.5 51.8 12.4 94.8 7.4 63.2 11.3

1972 June.................................................................................. 83.4 1.7 79.6 2.4 58.8 13.5 95.4 0.6 70.5 11.6

1973 June.................................................................................. 85.2 2.2 83.8 5.3 76.1 29.4 98.4 3.1 89.3 26.7

1974 March............................................................................... 85.9 0.8 90.4 7.9 80.8 6.2 105.2 6.9 94.1 5.4

1974 June.................................................................................. 89.0 3.6 90.4 0.0 83.8 3.7 101.6 -3 .4 94.2 0.1

1974 September....................................................................... 94.5 6.2 90.7 0.3 79.7 -4 .9 96.0 -5 .5 84.3 -1 0 .5

1974 December........................................................................ 95.8 1.4 92.8 2.3 88.6 11.2 96.9 0.9 92.5 9.7

1975 March............................................................................... 99.9 4.3 98.9 6.6 99.8 12.6 99.0 2.2 99.9 8.0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.1 100.0 1.1 100.0 0.2 100.0 1.0 100.0 0.1

1975 September....................................................................... 103.6 3.6 101.0 1.0 90.3 -9 .7 97.5 -2 .5 87.2 -1 2 .8

1975 December........................................................................ 105.2 1.5 101.0 0.0 90.2 -0 .1 96.0 -1 .5 85.7 -1 .7

1976 March............................................................................... 106.9 1.6 102.1 1.1 93.4 3.5 95.5 -0 .5 87.4 2.0

1976 June.................................................................................. 109.4 2.3 104.2 2.1 94.6 1.3 95.2 -0 .3 86.5 -1 .0

1976 September....................................................................... 110.3 0.8 104.9 0.7 98.6 4.2 95.1 -0 .1 89.4 3.4

1976 December........................................................................ 110.3 0.0 105.8 0.9 104.0 5.5 95.9 0.8 94.3 5.5

1977 March............................................................................... 114.4 3.7 107.5 1.6 105.2 1.2 94.0 -2 .0 92.0 -2 .4

1977 June.................................................................................. 115.7 1.1 108.2 0.7 107.5 2.2 93.5 -0 .5 92.9 1.0

1977 September....................................................................... 116.6 0.8 108.8 0.6 109.6 2.0 93.3 -0 .2 94.0 1.2

1977 December........................................................................ 117.4 0.7 108.8 0.0 118.4 8.0 92.7 -0 .6 100.9 7.3

1978 March............................................................................... 124.1 5.7 109.6 0.7 126.2 6.6 88.3 -4 .7 101.7 0.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 125.0 0.7 108.6 -0 .9 122.0 -3 .3 86.9 -1 .6 97.6 -4 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 128.8 3.0 109.3 0.6 129.9 6.5 84.9 -2 .3 100.9 3.4

1978 December........................................................................ 128.8 0.0 109.3 0.0 136.1 4.8 84.9 0.0 105.7 4.8

1979 March............................................................................... 134.8 4.7 108.8 -0 .5 136.8 0.5 80.7 -4 .9 101.5 -4 .0

Please see notes at end of tables.

20

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 25. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electric space heating and cooling equipment, and electrothermal appliances

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 83.7 76.6 49.4 91.5 59.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 84.9 1.4 81.7 6.7 54.4 10.1 96.2 5.1 64.1 8.6

1972 June.................................................................................. 85.7 0.9 85.3 4.4 63.0 15.8 99.5 3.4 73.5 14.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 84.3 -1 .6 87.2 2.2 79.1 25.6 103.4 3.9 93.8 27.6

1974 March............................................................................... 86.0 2.0 90.7 4.0 81.1 2.5 105.5 2.0 94.3 0.5

1974 June.................................................................................. 90.9 5.7 92.4 1.9 85.6 5.5 101.7 -3 .6 94.2 -0 .1

1974 September....................................................................... 98.0 7.8 95.0 2.8 83.5 -2 .5 96.9 -4 .7 85.2 -9 .6

1974 December........................................................................ 100.6 2.7 95.0 0.0 90.7 8.6 94.4 -2 .6 90.2 5.9

1975 March............................................................................... 100.5 -0 .1 98.5 3.7 99.4 9.6 98.0 3.8 98.9 9.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 1.5 100.0 0.6 100.0 2.0 100.0 1.1

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.5 0.5 89.8 -1 0 .2 100.5 0.5 89.8 -1 0 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 99.5 -0 .5 100.8 0.3 90.0 0.2 101.3 0.8 90.5 0.8

1976 March.............................................................................. 100.6 1.1 102.0 1.2 93.2 3.6 101.4 0.1 92.6 2.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 101.0 0.4 103.7 1.7 94.1 1.0 102.7 1.3 93.2 0.6

1976 September....................................................................... 103.2 2.2 103.6 -0 .1 97.4 3.5 100.4 -2 .2 94.4 1.3

1976 December........................................................................ 103.2 0.0 103.7 0.1 101.8 4.5 100.5 0.1 98.6 4.4

1977 March............................................................................... 104.1 0.9 104.9 1.2 102.6 0.8 100.8 0.3 98.6 0.0

106.2 2.0 105.5 0.6 104.8 2.1 99.3 -1 .5 98.7 0.1

106.0 -0 .2 105.7 0.2 106.4 1.5 99.7 0.4 100.4 1.7

107.3 1.2 105.7 0.0 115.0 8.1 98.5 -1 .2 107.2 6.8

1978 March............................................................................... 109.9 2.4 106.0 0.3 122.0 6.1 96.5 -2 .0 111.0 3.5

1978 June.................................................................................. 110.0 0.1 106.3 0.3 119.3 -2 .2 96.6 0.1 108.5 -2 .3

1978 September....................................................................... 112.7 2.5 106.9 0.6 127.0 6.5 94.9 -1 .8 112.7 3.9

1978 December........................................................................ 113.3 0.5 107.0 0.1 133.3 5.0 94.4 -0 .5 117.7 4.4

1979 March............................................................................... 115.1 1.6 107.2 0.2 134.8 1.1 93.1 -1 .4 117.1 -0 .5

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 26. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electromechanical appliances, except heating appliances

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1974 March............................................................................... 85.6 92.3 82.5 107.8 96.4

1974 June.................................................................................. 89.3 4.3 92.9 0.7 86.1 4.4 104.0 -3 .5 96.4 0.0

1974 September....................................................................... 93.9 5.2 95.3 2.6 83.8 -2 .7 101.5 -2 .4 89.2 -7 .5

1974 December........................................................................ 96.9 3.2 97.6 2.4 93.2 11.2 100.7 -0 .8 96.2 7.8

1975 March............................................................................... 98.8 2.0 99.8 2.3 100.8 8.2 101.0 0.3 102.0 6.0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.2 100.0 0.2 100.0 -0 .8 100.0 -1 .0 100.0 -2 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 99.8 -0 .2 100.8 0.8 90.1 -9 .9 101.0 1.0 90.3 -9 .7

1975 December........................................................................ 100.4 0.6 101.4 0.6 90.5 0.4 101.0 0.0 90.1 -0 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 102.3 1.9 103.5 2.1 94.6 4.5 101.2 0.2 92.5 2.7

1976 June.................................................................................. 105.6 3.2 103.9 0.4 94.4 -0 .2 98.4 -2 .8 89.4 -3 .4

1976 September....................................................................... 105.9 0.3 103.9 0.0 97.7 3.5 98.1 -0 .3 92.3 3.2

1976 December........................................................................ 106.0 0.1 103.3 -0 .6 101.5 3.9 97.5 -0 .6 95.8 3.8

1977 March............................................................................... 109.2 3.0 105.0 1.6 102.7 1.2 96.2 -1 .3 94.0 -1 .9

1977 June.................................................................................. 110.6 1.3 105.0 0.0 104.3 1.6 94.9 -1 .4 94.3 0.3

1977 September....................................................................... 114.4 3.4 105.3 0.3 106.1 1.7 92.0 -3 .1 92.7 -1 .7

1977 December........................................................................ 115.2 0.7 104.9 -0 .4 114.2 7.6 91.1 -1 .0 99.1 6.9

1978 March............................................................................... 119.3 3.6 105.8 0.9 121.8 6.7 88.7 -2 .6 102.1 3.0

1978 June.................................................................................. 120.6 1.1 105.8 0.0 118.8 -2 .5 87.7 -1 .1 98.5 -3 .5

1978 September....................................................................... 120.9 0.2 105.4 -0 .4 125.3 5.5 87.2 -0 .6 103.6 5.2

1978 December........................................................................ 121.9 0.8 105.5 0.1 131.4 4.9 86.5 -0 .8 107.8 4.1

1979 March............................................................................... 126.1 3.4 107.4 1.8 135.1 2.8 85.2 -1 .5 107.1 -0 .6

Please see notes at end of tables.

21

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 27. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electric household refrigerators and freezers

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 78.9 77.2 49.7 97.8 63.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 83.9 6.3 78.4 1.6 52.3 5.2 93.4 -4 .5 62.3 -1 .1

1972 June.................................................................................. 83.4 -0 .6 77.6 -1 .0 57.3 9.6 93.0 -0 .4 68.7 10.3

1973 June.................................................................................. 82.5 -1 .1 79.0 1.8 71.7 25.1 95.8 3.0 86.9 26.5

1974 March............................................................................... 85.3 3.4 85.0 7.6 76.0 6.0 99.6 4.0 89.1 2.5

1974 June.................................................................................. 88.6 3.9 89.5 5.3 82.9 9.1 101.0 1.4 93.6 5.1

1974 September....................................................................... 96.5 8.9 94.1 5.1 82.7 -0 .2 97.5 -3 .5 85.7 -8 .4

1974 December........................................................................ 97.5 1.0 95.8 1.8 91.5 10.6 98.3 0.8 93.8 9.5

1975 March............................................................................... 97.5 0.0 99.6 4.0 100.5 9.8 102.2 4.0 103.1 9.9

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 2.6 100.0 0.4 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 -2 .2 100.0 -3 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 100.3 0.3 97.9 -2 .1 87.5 -1 2 .5 97.6 -2 .4 87.2 -1 2 .8

1975 December........................................................................ 101.3 1.0 97.9 0.0 87.4 -0 .1 96.6 -1 .0 86.3 -1 .0

1976 March............................................................................... 101.7 0.4 98.9 1.0 90.4 3.4 ' 97.2 0.6 88.9 3.0

1976 June.................................................................................. 101.7 0.0 99.3 0.4 90.2 -0 .2 97.6 0.4 88.7 -0 .2

1976 September....................................................................... 103.8 2.1 99.0 -0 .3 93.1 3.2 95.4 -2 .3 89.7 1.1

1976 December....................................................................... 104.5 0.7 98.3 -0 .7 96.5 3.7 94.1 -1 .4 92.3 2.9

1977 March............................................................................... 106.5 1.9 101.0 2.7 98.9 2.5 94.8 0.7 92.9 0.7

1977 June.................................................................................. 107.5 0.9 101.8 0.8 101.1 2.2 94.7 -0 .1 94.0 1.2

1977 September...................................................................... 111.4 3.6 101.0 -0 .8 101.7 0.6 90.7 -4 .2 91.3 -2 .9

1977 December....................................................................... 111.9 0.4 98.8 -2 .2 107.5 5.7 88.3 -2 .6 96.1 5.3

1978 March.............................................................................. 112.8 0.8 98.2 -0 .6 113.0 5.1 87.1 -1 .4 100.2 4.3

1978 June................................................................................. 113.1 0.3 97.4 -0 .8 109.4 -3 .2 86.1 -1 .1 96.7 -3 .5

1978 September...................................................................... 114.8 1.5 98.7 1.3 117.3 7.2 86.0 -0 .1 102.2 5.7

1978 December....................................................................... 115.5 0.6 99.0 0.3 123.3 5.1 85.7 -0 .3 106.8 4.5

1979 March.............................................................................. 118.0 2.2 99.4 0.4 125.0 1.4 84.2 -1 .8 105.9 -0 .8

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 28. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Telecommunications equipment

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 84.4 83.3 53.7 98.7 63.6

1971 June.................................................................................. 85.6 1.4 87.3 4.8 58.2 8.4 102.0 3.3 68.0 6.9

1972 June.................................................................................. 87.6 2.3 89.2 2.2 65.9 13.2 101.8 -0 .2 75.2 10.6

1973 June.................................................................................. 89.9 2.6 88.5 -0 .8 80.3 21.9 98.4 -3 .3 89.3 18.7

1974 March............................................................................... 92.4 2.8 94.6 6.9 84.6 5.4 102.4 4.1 91.6 2.6

1974 June.................................................................................. 93.5 1.2 95.0 0.4 88.0 4.0 101.6 -0 .8 94.1 2.7

1974 September....................................................................... 96.4 3.1 93.7 -1 .4 82.4 -6 .4 97.2 -4 .3 85.5 -9 .1

1974 December........................................................................ 98.5 2.2 96.6 3.1 92.2 11.9 98.1 0.9 93.6 9.5

1975 March............................................................................... 98.7 0.2 96.8 0.2 97.7 6.0 98.1 0.0 99.0 5.8

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.3 100.0 3.3 100.0 2.4 100.0 1.9 100.0 1.0

1975 September....................................................................... 99.8 -0 .2 101.6 1.6 90.8 -9 .2 101.8 1.8 91.0 -9 .0

1975 December........................................................................ 101.4 1.6 103.1 1.5 92.1 1.4 101.7 -0 .1 90.8 -0 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 103.2 1.8 103.4 0.3 94.6 2.7 100.2 -1 .5 91.7 1.0

1976 June.................................................................................. 103.3 0.1 103.5 0.1 94.0 -0 .6 100.2 0.0 91.0 -0 .8

1976 September....................................................................... 104.9 1.5 104.0 0.5 97.7 3.9 99.1 -1 .1 93.1 2.3

1976 December........................................................................ 105.6 0.7 104.0 0.0 102.1 4.5 98.5 -0 .6 96.7 3.9

1977 March............................................................................... 105.8 0.2 102.0 -1 .9 99.8 -2 .3 96.4 -2 .1 94.3 -2 .5

1977 June.................................................................................. 106.2 0.4 102.4 0.4 101.7 1.9 96.4 0.0 95.8 1.6

1977 September....................................................................... 108.3 2.0 102.4 0.0 103.1 1.4 94.6 -1 .9 95.2 -0 .6

1977 December........................................................................ 109.8 1.4 102.4 0.0 111.4 8.1 93.3 -1 .4 101.5 6.6

1978 March.............................................................................. 110.6 0.7 105.0 2.5 120.9 8.5 94.9 1.7 109.3 7.7

1978 June.................................................................................. 110.9 0.3 105.8 0.8 118.8 -1 .7 95.4 0.5 107.1 -2 .0

1978 September...................................................................... 114.5 3.2 105.8 0.0 125.7 5.8 92.4 -3 .1 109.8 2.5

1978 December....................................................................... 116.1 1.4 105.3 -0 .5 131.2 4.4 90.7 -1 .8 113.0 2.9

1979 March.............................................................................. 117.8 1.5 106.7 1.3 134.3 2.4 90.6 -0 .1 114.0 0.9

Please see notes at end of tables.

22

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 29. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electron tubes and parts

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 96.3 98.9 99.8 102.7 103.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.8 100.0 1.1 100.0 0.2 100.0 -2 .6 100.0 -3 .5

1975 September....................................................................... 100.6 0.6 100.2 0.2 89.6 -1 0 .4 99.6 -0 .4 89.1 -1 0 .9

1975 December........................................................................ 100.6 0.0 96.5 -3 .7 86.1 -3 .9 95.9 -3 .7 85.6 -3 .9

1976 March............................................................................... 106.1 5.5 97.5 1.0 89.2 3.6 91.9 -4 .2 84.1 -1 .8

1976 June.................................................................................. 106.0 -0 .1 96.6 -0 .9 87.7 -1 .7 91.1 -0 .9 82.7 -1 .7

1976 September....................................................................... 110.1 3.9 97.2 0.6 91.4 4.2 88.3 -3 .1 83.0 0.4

1976 December........................................................................ 110.0 -0 .1 96.2 -1 .0 94.5 3.4 87.5 -0 .9 85.9 3.5

1977 March............................................................................... 114.2 3.8 94.1 -2 .2 92.1 -2 .5 82.4 -5 .8 80.6 -6 .2

1977 June.................................................................................. 116.6 2.1 95.2 1.2 94.6 2.7 81.6 -1 .0 81.1 0.6

1977 September....................................................................... 120.1 3.0 93.6 -1 .7 94.3 -0 .3 77.9 -4 .5 78.5 -3 .2

1977 December........................................................................ 119.7 -0 .3 92.8 -0 .9 100.9 7.0 77.5 -0 .5 84.3 7.4

1978 March............................................................................... 122.1 2.0 90.7 -2 .3 104.4 3.5 74.3 -4 .1 85.5 1.4

1978 June.................................................................................. 124.7 2.1 90.2 -0 .6 101.3 -3 .0 72.3 -2 .7 81.2 -5 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 125.6 0.7 90.0 -0 .2 106.9 5.5 71.7 -0 .8 85.1 4.8

1978 December........................................................................ 129.0 2.7 90.0 0.0 112.0 4.8 69.8 -2 .6 86.8 2.0

1979 March............................................................................... 138.1 7.1 88.4 -1 .8 111.2 -0 .7 64.0 -8 .3 80.5 -7 .3

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 30. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electronic components (resistors, capacitors, etc.), except electron tubes

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 85.9 92.1 59.4 107.2 69.2

1971 June.................................................................................. 84.9 -1 .2 90.1 -2 .2 60.1 1.2 106.1 -1 .0 70.8 2.3

1972 June.................................................................................. 80.7 -4 .9 88.2 -2 .1 65.2 8.5 109.3 3.0 80.8 14.1

1973 June.................................................................................. 85.4 5.8 88.7 0.6 80.5 23.5 103.9 -4 .9 94.3 16.7

1974 March............................................................................... 92.6 8.4 100.2 13.0 89.6 11.3 108.2 4.1 96.8 2.7

1974 June.................................................................................. 94.0 1.5 100.4 0.2 93.0 3.8 106.8 -1 .3 98.9 2.2

1974 September....................................................................... 96.8 3.0 100.6 0.2 88.5 -4 .8 103.9 -2 .7 91.4 -7 .6

1974 December........................................................................ 98.0 1.2 101.8 1.2 97.3 9.9 103.9 0.0 99.3 8.6

1975 March............................................................................... 98.0 0.0 101.6 -0 .2 102.5 5.3 103.7 -0 .2 104.6 5.3

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 2.0 100.0 -1 .6 100.0 -2 .4 100.0 -3 .6 100.0 -4 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 98.8 -1 .2 97.3 -2 .7 86.9 -13.1 98.5 -1 .5 88.0 -1 2 .0

1975 December........................................................................ 98.5 -0 .3 98.0 0.7 87.5 0.7 99.5 1.0 88.8 0.9

1976 March............................................................................... 99.4 0.9 98.7 0.7 90.3 3.2 99.3 -0 .2 90.8 2.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 98.7 -0 .7 98.5 -0 .2 89.5 -0 .9 99.8 0.5 90.7 -0 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 98.2 -0 .5 98.7 0.2 92.8 3.7 100.5 0.7 94.5 4.2

1976 December........................................................................ 97.8 -0 .4 100.8 2.1 99.0 6.7 103.1 2.6 101.2 7.1

1977 March............................................................................... 99.4 1.6 101.1 0.3 98.9 -0 .1 101.7 -1 .4 99.5 -1 .7

99.3 -0 .1 100.7 — 0.4 100.1 1.2 101.4 0.3 100.8 1.3

1977 September....................................................................... 99.8 0.5 97.4 -3 .3 98.1 -2 .0 97.6 -3 .7 98.3 -2 .5

1977 December........................................................................ 99.8 0.0 97.4 0.0 106.0 8.1 97.6 0.0 106.2 8.0

1978 March............................................................................... 99.7 -0 .1 96.5 -0 .9 111.1 4.8 96.8 -0 .8 111.4 4.9

1978 June.................................................................................. 100.6 0.9 96.6 0.1 108.5 -2 .3 96.0 -0 .8 107.9 -3 .1

1978 September....................................................................... 98.9 -1 .7 96.4 -0 .2 114.6 5.6 97.5 1.6 115.9 7.4

1978 December........................................................................ 100.1 1.2 96.6 0.2 120.3 5.0 96.5 -1 .0 120.2 3 7

1979 March............................................................................... 103.3 3.2 95.7 -0 .9 120.4 0.1 92.6 -4 .0 116.6 -3 .0

Please see notes at end of tables.

23

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 31. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electrical measuring instruments

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 80.1 77.7 50.0 97.0 62.4

1971 June.................................................................................. 82.6 3.1 81.0 4.2 54.0 8.0 98.1 1.1 65.4 4.8

1972 June.................................................................................. 84.3 2.1 83.3 2.8 61.5 13.9 98.8 0.7 73.0 11.6

1973 June.................................................................................. 86.6 2.7 88.0 5.6 79.9 29.9 101.6 2.8 92.3 26.4

1974 March............................................................................... 88.4 2.1 92.8 5.5 83.0 3.9 105.0 3.3 93.9 1.7

1974 June.................................................................................. 91.2 3.2 92.8 0.0 86.1 3.7 101.8 -3 .0 94.4 0.5

1974 September....................................................................... 94.4 3.5 95.2 2.6 83.7 -2 .8 100.8 -1 .0 88.7 -6 .0

1974 December........................................................................ 95.3 1.0 95.3 0.1 91.0 8.7 100.0 -0 .8 95.5 7.7

1975 March............................................................................... 99.0 3.9 95.9 0.6 96.8 6.4 96.9 -3 .1 97.8 2.4

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.0 100.0 4.3 100.0 3.3 100.0 3.2 100.0 2.2

1975 September....................................................................... 100.4 0.4 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 99.6 -0 .4 89.0 -1 1 .0

1975 December....................................................................... 101.5 1.1 100.0 0.0 89.3 -0 .1 98.5 -1 .1 88.0 -1 .1

1976 March.............................................................................. 102.7 1.2 101.3 1.3 92.6 3.7 98.6 0.1 90.2 2.5

1976 June................................................................................. 105.0 2.2 104.4 3.1 94.8 2.4 99.4 0.8 90.3 0.1

1976 September...................................................................... 105.9 0.9 104.7 0.3 98.4 3.8 98.9 -0 .5 92.9 2.9

1976 December....................................................................... 106.6 0.7 104.7 0.0 102.8 4.5 98.2 -0 .7 96.4 3.8

1977 March.............................................................................. 108.7 2.0 107.6 2.8 105.3 2.4 99.0 0.8 96.9 0.5

1977 June................................................................................. 109.5 0.7 109.0 1.3 108.3 2.8 99.5 0.5 98.9 2.1

1977 September...................................................................... 111.2 1.6 109.0 0.0 109.8 1.4 98.0 -1 .5 98.7 -0 .2

1977 December....................................................................... 112.1 0.8 108.3 -0 .6 117.9 7.4 96.6 -1 .4 105.2 6.6

1978 March.............................................................................. 115.0 2.6 109.5 1.1 126.0 6.9 95.2 -1 .4 109.6 4.2

1978 June................................................................................. 116.6 1.4 112.6 2.8 126.5 0.4 96.6 1.5 108.5 -1 .0

1978 September...................................................................... 118.9 2.0 112.3 -0 .3 133.5 5.5 94.4 -2 .3 112.3 3.5

1978 December....................................................................... 121.3 2.0 113.5 1.1 141.3 5.8 93.6 -0 .8 116.5 3.7

1979 March.............................................................................. 125.0 3.1 114.0 0.4 143.4 1.5 91.2 -2 .6 114.7 -1 .5

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 32. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electrical controlling devices

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 73.2 80.3 51.7 109.7 70.6

1971 June.................................................................................. 76.9 5.1 80.4 0.1 53.6 3.7 104.6 -4 .6 69.7 -1 .3

1972 June.................................................................................. 81.4 5.9 83.1 3.4 61.4 14.6 102.1 -2 .4 75.4 8.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 86.4 6.1 85.2 2.5 77.3 25.9 98.6 -3 .4 89.5 18.7

1974 M arch............................................................................... 89.2 3.2 90.2 5.9 80.7 4.4 101.1 2.5 90.5 1.1

1974 June.................................................................................. 92.8 4.0 90.2 0.0 83.6 3.6 97.2 -3 .9 90.1 -0 .4

1974 September....................................................................... 95.3 2.7 93.9 4.1 82.6 -1 .2 98.5 1.3 86.7 -3 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 96.1 0.8 94.1 0.2 89.9 8.8 97.9 -0 .6 93.5 7.8

1975 March............................................................................... 98.7 2.7 98.2 4.4 99.1 10.2 99.5 1.6 100.4 7.4

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.3 100.0 1.8 100.0 0.9 100.0 0.5 100.0 -0 .4

1975 September....................................................................... 100.8 0.8 100.0 0.0 89.4 -1 0 .6 99.2 -0 .8 88.7 -1 1 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 102.7 1.9 100.0 0.0 89.3 -0 .1 97.4 -1 .8 87.0 -1 .9

1976 M arch............................................................................... 104.0 1.3 102.2 2.2 93.5 4.7 98.3 0.9 89.9 3.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 106.4 2.3 104.1 1.9 94.5 1.1 97.8 -0 .5 88.8 -1 .2

1976 September....................................................................... 110.4 3.8 103.5 -0 .6 97.3 3.0 93.8 -4 .1 88.1 -0 .8

1976 December........................................................................ 112.8 2.2 103.5 0.0 101.6 4.4 91.8 -2 .1 90.1 2.3

1977 March............................................................................... 114.2 1.2 108.7 5.0 106.4 4.7 95.2 3.7 93.2 3.4

1977 June.................................................................................. 115.9 1.5 109.4 0.6 108.7 2.2 94.4 -0 .8 93.8 0.6

1977 September....................................................................... 117.9 1.7 109.4 0.0 110.2 1.4 92.8 -1 .7 93.5 -0 .3

1977 December........................................................................ 120.5 2.2 109.4 0.0 119.1 8.1 90.8 -2 .2 98.8 5.7

1978 March............................................................................... 122.5 1.7 112.0 2.4 129.0 8.3 91.4 0.7 105.3 6.6

1978 June.................................................................................. 125.0 2.0 112.8 0.7 126.7 -1 .8 90.2 -1 .3 101.4 -3 .7

1978 September....................................................................... 126.5 1.2 112.8 0.0 134.1 5.8 89.2 -1 .1 106.0 4.5

1978 December........................................................................ 127.2 0.6 112.9 0.1 140.6 4.8 88.8 -0 .4 110.5 4.2

1979 March............................................................................... 129.8 2.0 115.8 2.6 145.7 3.6 89.2 0.5 112.2 1.5

Please see notes at end of tables.

24

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 33. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electromedical apparatus

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.9 0.9 90.2 -9 .8 100.9 0.9 90.2 -9 .8

1975 December........................................................................ 100.0 0.0 101.3 0.4 90.5 0.3 101.3 0.4 90.5 0.3

1976 March............................................................................... 104.6 4.6 104.0 2.7 95.1 5.1 99.4 -1 .9 90.9 0.4

1976 June.................................................................................. 118.1 12.9 104.0 0.0 94.5 -0 .6 88.1 -1 1 .4 80.0 -1 2 .0

1976 September....................................................................... 118.1 0.0 107.8 3.7 101.3 7.2 91.3 3.6 85.8 7.2

1976 December........................................................................ 118.1 0.0 107.4 -0 .4 105.5 4.1 90.9 -0 .4 89.3 4.1

1977 March............................................................................... 125.5 6.3 110.2 2.6 107.9 2.3 87.8 -3 .4 86.0 -3 .7

1977 June.................................................................................. 121.7 -3 .0 113.2 2.7 112.5 4.3 93.0 5.9 92.4 7.4

1977 September....................................................................... 124.0 1.9 113.2 0.0 114.0 1.3 91.3 -1 .8 91.9 -0 .5

1977 December........................................................................ 124.0 0.0 112.5 -0 .6 122.5 7.5 90.7 -0 .7 98.8 7.5

1978 March............................................................................... 124.9 0.7 112.8 0.3 129.9 6.0 90.3 -0 .4 104.0 5.3

1978 June.................................................................................. 124.6 -0 .2 110.5 -2 .0 124.1 -4 .5 88.7 -1 .8 99.6 -4 .2

1978 September....................................................................... 124.5 -0 .1 109.8 -0 .6 130.5 5.2 88.2 -0 .6 104.8 5.2

1978 December........................................................................ 126.1 1.3 110.2 0.4 137.2 5.1 87.4 -0 .9 108.8 3.8

1979 March............................................................................... 127.3 1.0 114.4 3.8 144.0 5.0 89.9 2.9 113.1 4.0

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 34. U.S.-Germany comparisons: Electrical equipment and accessories for motor vehicles

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Germany export 

price index in 

deutsche marks

Germany export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 63.4 75.8 48.8 119.6 77.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 72.1 13.7 79.5 4.9 53.0 8.6 110.3 -7 .8 73.5 -4 .5

1972 June.................................................................................. 73.6 2.1 80.9 1.8 59.7 12.6 109.9 -0 .4 81.1 10.3

1973 June.................................................................................. 83.6 13.6 81.9 1.2 74.3 24.5 98.0 -1 0 .8 88.9 9.6

1974 March............................................................................... 87.1 4.2 85.7 4.6 76.7 3.2 98.4 0.4 88.1 -0 .9

1974 June.................................................................................. 96.7 11.0 89.5 4.4 83.0 8.2 92.6 -5 .9 85.8 -2 .6

1974 September....................................................................... 97.6 0.9 89.5 0.0 78.7 -5 .2 91.7 -1 .0 80.6 -6 .1

1974 December........................................................................ 98.3 0.7 89.5 0.0 85.5 8.6 91.0 -0 .8 87.0 7.9

1975 March............................................................................... 99.9 1.6 99.6 11.3 100.5 17.5 99.7 9.6 100.6 15.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.1 100.0 0.4 100.0 -0 .5 100.0 0.3 100.0 -0 .6

1975 September....................................................................... 105.2 5.2 99.6 -0 .4 89.0 -1 1 .0 94.7 -5 .3 84.6 -1 5 .4

1975 December........................................................................ 105.1 -0 .1 99.5 -0 .1 88.9 -0 .1 94.7 0.0 84.6 0.0

1976 March............................................................................... 106.1 1.0 100.0 0.5 91.4 2.8 94.3 -0 .4 86.1 1.8

1976 June.................................................................................. 109.9 3.6 102.9 2.9 93.4 2.2 93.6 -0 .7 85.0 -1 .3

1976 September....................................................................... 109.5 -0 .4 102.9 0.0 96.7 3.5 94.0 0.4 88.3 3.9

1976 December........................................................................ 109.3 -0 .2 102.8 -0 .1 101.0 4.4 94.1 0.1 92.4 4.6

1977 March............................................................................... 118.0 8.0 104.2 1.4 101.9 0.9 88.3 -6 .2 86.4 -6 .5

1977 June.................................................................................. 121.8 3.2 104.8 0.6 104.1 2.2 86.0 -2 .6 85.5 -1 .0

125.6 3.1 105.0 0.2 105.8 1.6 83.6 -2 .8 84.2 -1 .5

1977 December........................................................................ 126.5 0.7 105.0 0.0 114.3 8.0 83.0 -0 .7 90.4 7.4

1978 March............................................................................... 133.8 5.8 107.1 2.0 123.2 7.8 80.0 -3 .6 92.1 1.9

1978 June.................................................................................. 134.4 0.4 106.8 -0 .3 120.0 -2 .6 79.5 -0 .6 89.3 -3 .0

1978 September...................................................................... 135.6 0.9 106.8 0.0 127.0 5.8 78.8 -0 .9 93.7 4.9

137.7 1.5 106.8 0.0 133.1 4.8 77.6 -1 .5 96.7 3.2

1979 March.............................................................................. 145.4 5.6 109.5 2.5 137.7 3.5 75.3 -3 .0 94.7 -2 .1

Please see notes at end of tables.

25

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 35. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Electric motors, not over 20 hp

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 71.0 71.6 58.6 100.8 82.5

1971 June.................................................................................. 70.8 -0 .3 70.4 -1 .7 57.8 -1 .4 99.4 -1 .4 81.6 -1 .1

1972 June.................................................................................. 74.1 4.7 67.7 -3 .8 65.7 13.7 91.4 -8 .0 88.7 8.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 79.0 6.6 72.1 6.5 79.9 21.6 91.3 -0 .1 101.1 14.0

1974 March............................................................................... 83.9 6.2 107.3 48.8 111.6 39.7 127.9 40.1 133.0 31.6

1974 June.................................................................................. 87.3 4.1 107.4 0.1 111.3 -0 .3 123.0 -3 .8 127.5 -4 .1

1974 September....................................................................... 92.3 5.7 111.3 3.6 109.2 -1 .9 120.6 -2 .0 118.3 -7 .2

1974 December........................................................................ 93.4 1.2 111.3 0.0 108.7 -0 .5 119.2 -1 .2 116.4 -1 .6

1975 March............................................................................... 94.5 1.2 106.0 -4 .8 108.1 -0 .6 112.2 -5 .9 114.4 -1 .7

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 5.8 100.0 -5 .7 100.0 -7 .5 100.0 -1 0 .9 100.0 -1 2 .6

1975 September...................................................................... 101.3 1.3 99.3 -0 .7 97.2 -2 .8 98.0 -2 .0 96.0 -4 .0

1975 December....................................................................... 104.3 3.0 101.4 2.1 97.4 0.2 97.2 -0 .8 93.4 -2 .7

1976 March............................................................................... 105.2 0.9 103.2 1.8 100.7 3.4 98.1 0.9 95.7 2.5

1976 June.................................................................................. 106.3 1.0 102.8 -0 .4 100.8 0.1 96.7 -1 .4 94.8 -0 .9

1976 September...................................................................... 109.0 2.5 102.1 -0 .7 104.3 3.5 93.7 -3 .1 95.7 0.9

1976 December....................................................................... 110.3 1.2 102.8 0.7 102.3 -1 .9 93.2 -0 .5 92.7 -3 .1

1977 March.............................................................................. 112.9 2.4 98.8 -3 .9 103.4 1.1 87.5 -6 .1 91.6 -1 .2

1977 June................................................................................. 110.9 -1 .8 93.3 -5 .6 100.4 -2 .9 84.1 -3 .9 90.5 -1 .2

1977 September...................................................................... 112.0 1.0 91.4 -2 .0 100.5 0.1 81.6 -3 .0 89.7 -0 .9

1977 December....................................................................... 111.4 -0 .5 86.4 -5 .5 105.2 4.7 77.6 -4 .9 94.4 5.2

1978 March.............................................................................. 114.1 2.4 85.9 -0 .6 108.7 3.3 75.3 -3 .0 95.3 1.0

1978 June................................................................................. 118.8 4.1 80.8 -5 .9 110.8 1.9 68.0 -9 .7 93.3 -2 .1

1978 September...................................................................... 118.4 -0 .3 69.3 -1 4 .2 107.1 -3 .3 58.5 -1 4 .0 90.5 -3 .0

1978 December....................................................................... 124.9 5.5 75.0 8.2 112.4 4.9 60.0 2.6 90.0 -0 .6

1979 March.............................................................................. 129.8 3.9 75.9 1.2 108.0 -3 .9 58.5 -2 .5 83.2 -7 .6

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 36. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Electric switches

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1976 March............................................................................... 93.9 100.0 99.6 106.5 106.1

1976 June.................................................................................. 100.0 6.5 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.4 100.0 -6 .1 100.0 -5 .7

1976 September....................................................................... 102.8 2.8 100.0 0.0 104.1 4.1 97.3 -2 .7 101.3 1.3

1976 December........................................................................ 105.2 2.3 100.0 0.0 101.5 -2 .5 95.1 -2 .3 96.5 -4 .7

1977 March............................................................................... 108.1 2.8 100.0 0.0 106.8 5.2 92.5 -2 .7 98.8 2.4

1977 June.................................................................................. 109.9 1.7 100.0 0.0 109.7 2.7 91.0 -1 .6 99.8 1.0

1977 September....................................................................... 112.9 2.7 100.0 0.0 112.2 2.3 88.6 -2 .6 99.4 -0 .4

1977 December........................................................................ 115.0 1.9 100.0 0.0 124.1 10.6 87.0 -1 .8 107.9 8.6

1978 March............................................................................... 115.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 129.1 4.0 87.0 0.0 112.3 4.1

1978 June.................................................................................. 118.9 3.4 100.0 0.0 139.9 8.4 84.1 -3 .3 117.7 4.8

1978 September....................................................................... 118.9 0.0 100.0 0.0 157.5 12.6 84.1 0.0 132.5 12.6

1978 December........................................................................ 118.5 -0 .3 97.5 -2 .5 148.9 -5 .5 82.3 -2 .1 125.7 -5 .1

1979 March............................................................................... 120.0 1.3 97.5 0.0 141.4 -5 .0 81.3 -1 .2 117.8 -6 .3

Please see notes at end of tables.

26

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(

Table 37. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Rectifiers and rectifying apparatus

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 91.9 125.1 102.3 136.1 111.3

1971 June.................................................................................. 89.1 -3 .0 119.8 -4 .2 98.4 -3 .8 134.5 -1 .2 110.4 -0 .8

1972 June.................................................................................. 91.6 2.8 100.8 -1 5 .9 97.8 -0 .6 110.0 -1 8 .2 106.8 -3 .3

1973 June.................................................................................. 86.3 -5 .8 99.9 -0 .9 110.8 13.3 115.8 5.3 128.4 20.2

1974 March............................................................................... 91.2 5.7 99.9 0.0 103.9 -6 .2 109.5 -5 .4 113.9 -1 1 .3

1974 June.................................................................................. 94.4 3.5 99.9 0.0 103.6 -0 .3 105.8 -3 .4 109.7 -3 .7

1974 September....................................................................... 94.6 0.2 99.9 0.0 98.0 -5 .4 105.6 -0 .2 103.6 -5 .6

1974 December........................................................................ 95.1 0.5 99.9 0.0 97.6 -0 .4 105.0 -0 .6 102.6 -1 .0

1975 March............................................................................... 96.8 1.8 100.0 0.1 101.9 4.4 103.3 -1 .6 105.3 2.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.3 100.0 0.0 100.0 -1 .9 100.0 -3 .2 100.0 -5 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 101.0 1.0 92.7 -7 .3 90.7 -9 .3 91.8 -8 .2 89.8 -1 0 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 100.7 -0 .3 92.7 0.0 89.0 -1 .9 92.1 0.3 88.4 -1 .6

1976 March............................................................................... 99.8 -0 .9 92.7 0.0 90.5 1.7 92.9 0.9 90.7 2.6

1976 June.................................................................................. 104.0 4.2 94.1 1.5 92.3 2.0 90.5 -2 .6 88.8 -2 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 102.5 -1 .4 94.1 0.0 96.1 4.1 91.8 1.4 93.8 5.6

1976 December........................................................................ 102.5 0.0 93.6 -0 .5 93.2 -3 .0 91.3 -0 .5 90.9 -3 .1

1977 March............................................................................... 108.7 6.0 90.2 -3 .6 94.5 1.4 83.0 -9 .1 86.9 -4 .4

1977 June.................................................................................. 109.9 1.1 90.2 0.0 97.1 2.8 82.1 -1 .1 88.4 1.7

1977 September....................................................................... 111.5 1.5 90.2 0.0 99.3 2.3 80.9 -1 .5 89.1 0.8

1977 December........................................................................ 110.4 -1 .0 87.4 -3 .1 106.4 7.2 79.2 -2 .1 96.4 8.2

1978 March............................................................................... 112.6 2.0 87.4 0.0 110.7 4.0 77.6 -2 .0 98.3 2.0

1978 June.................................................................................. 115.3 2.4 87.4 0.0 119.9 8.3 75.8 -2 .3 104.0 5.8

1978 September....................................................................... 115.7 0.3 75.2 -1 4 .0 116.2 -3 .1 65.0 -1 4 .2 100.4 -3 .5

1978 December........................................................................ 118.0 2.0 75.8 0.8 113.5 -2 .3 64.2 -1 .2 96.2 -4 .2

1979 March............................................................................... 119.2 1.0 75.2 -0 .8 107.0 -5 .7 63.1 -1 .7 89.8 -6 .7

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 38. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Room air-conditioners, window and wall types

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1975 September....................................................................... 99.2 -0 .8 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 100.8 0.8 98.7 -1 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 98.6 -0 .6 100.0 0.0 96.0 -1 .9 101.4 0.6 97.4 -1 .3

1976 March............................................................................... 98.6 0.0 100.0 0.0 97.7 1.8 101.4 0.0 99.1 1.7

1976 June.................................................................................. 99.1 0.5 100.0 0.0 98.1 0.4 100.9 -0 .5 99.0 -0 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 103.9 4.8 93.4 -6 .6 95.4 -2 .8 89.9 -1 0 .9 91.8 -7 .3

1976 December........................................................................ 103.9 0.0 93.1 -0 .3 92.7 -2 .8 89.6 -0 .3 89.2 -2 .8

1977 M arch............................................................................... 104.5 0.6 93.1 0.0 97.5 5.2 89.1 -0 .6 93.3 4.6

1977 June.................................................................................. 108.1 3.4 93.1 0.0 100.1 2.7 86.1 -3 .4 92.6 -0 .8

1977 September....................................................................... 108.1 0.0 94.1 1.1 103.5 3.4 87.0 1.0 95.7 3.3

1977 December........................................................................ 111.4 3.1 95.8 1.8 116.6 12.7 86.0 -1 .1 104.7 9.4

1978 March............................................................................... 111.8 0.4 101.3 5.7 128.3 10.0 90.6 5.3 114.8 9.6

1978 June.................................................................................. 111.8 0.0 94.6 -6 .6 129.8 1.2 84.6 -6 .6 116.1 1.1

1978 September....................................................................... 116.5 4.2 96.8 2.3 149.6 15.3 83.1 -1 .8 128.4 10.6

1978 December........................................................................ 116.8 0.3 87.7 -9 .4 131.4 -1 2 .2 75.1 -9 .6 112.5 -1 2 .4

1979 March............................................................................... 120.5 3.2 88.4 0.8 125.7 -4 .3 73.4 -2 .3 104.3 -7 .3

Please see notes at end of tables.

27

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 39. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Transistors

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 165.7 92.8 75.9 56.0 45.8

1971 June.................................................................................. 140.0 -1 5 .5 92.8 0.0 76.2 0.4 66.3 18.4 54.4 18.8

1972 June.................................................................................. 133.7 -4 .5 91.6 -1 .3 88.9 16.7 68.5 3.3 66.5 22.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 141.3 5.7 90.6 -1 .1 100.5 13.0 64.1 -6 .4 71.1 6.9

1974 M arch............................................................................... 121.0 -1 4 .4 96.7 6.7 100.6 0.1 79.9 24.6 83.1 16.9

1974 June.................................................................................. 119.2 -1 .5 96.9 0.2 100.5 -0 .1 81.3 1.8 84.3 1.4

1974 September....................................................................... 121.9 2.3 102.6 5.9 100.7 0.2 84.2 3.6 82.6 -2 .0

1974 December........................................................................ 119.0 -2 .4 102.8 0.2 100.5 -0 .2 86.4 2.6 84.5 2.3

1975 March............................................................................... 105.9 -1 1 .0 98.7 -4 .0 100.6 0.1 93.2 7.9 95.0 12.4

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -5 .6 100.0 1.3 100.0 -0 .6 100.0 7.3 100.0 5.3

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 112.3 12.3 109.9 9.9 112.3 12.3 109.9 9.9

1975 December........................................................................ 101.4 1.4 113.7 1.2 109.2 -0 .6 112.1 -0 .2 107.7 -2 .0

1976 March............................................................................... 101.1 -0 .3 111.1 -2 .3 108.5 -0 .6 109.9 -2 .0 107.3 -0 .4

1976 June.................................................................................. 91.1 -9 .9 110.9 -0 .2 108.7 0.2 121.7 10.7 119.3 11.2

1976 September....................................................................... 86.7 -4 .8 108.6 -2 .1 111.0 2.1 125.3 3.0 128.0 7.3

1976 December........................................................................ 84.7 -2 .3 108.6 0.0 108.2 -2 .5 128.2 2.3 127.7 -0 .2

1977 March............................................................................... 88.4 4.4 103.9 -4 .3 108.8 0.6 117.5 -8 .3 123.1 -3 .6

1977 June.................................................................................. 87.8 -0 .7 99.1 -4 .6 106.5 -2 .1 112.9 -3 .9 121.3 -1 .5

1977 September....................................................................... 90.9 3.5 86.4 -1 2 .8 95.0 -1 0 .8 95.0 -1 5 .9 104.5 -1 3 .8

1977 December........................................................................ 87.2 -4 .1 78.3 -9 .4 95.3 0.3 89.8 -5 .5 109.3 4.6

1978 March............................................................................... 87.2 0.0 74.7 -4 .6 94.6 -0 .7 85.7 -4 .6 108.5 -0 .7

1978 June.................................................................................. 87.2 0.0 76.2 2.0 104.5 10.5 87.4 2.0 119.8 10.4

1978 September....................................................................... 89.3 2.4 73.8 -3 .1 114.1 9.2 82.6 -5 .5 127.8 6.7

1978 December........................................................................ 92.6 3.7 72.5 -1 .8 108.5 -4 .9 78.3 -5 .2 117.2 -8 .3

1979 March............................................................................... 92.6 0.0 75.5 4.1 107.4 -1 .0 81.5 4.1 116.0 -1 .0

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 40. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Integrated circuits

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 95.6 101.2 103.2 105.9 107.9

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 4.6 100.0 -1 .2 100.0 -3 .1 100.0 -5 .6 100.0 -7 .3

1975 September....................................................................... 95.3 -4 .7 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 104.9 4.9 102.7 2.7

1975 December........................................................................ 92.4 -3 .0 101.8 1.8 97.7 -0 .2 110.2 5.1 105.7 2.9

1976 March............................................................................... 95.9 3.8 98.3 -3 .4 96.0 -1 .7 102.5 -7 .0 100.1 -5 .3

1976 June.................................................................................. 101.1 5.4 87.2 -1 1 .3 85.5 -1 0 .9 86.3 -1 5 .8 84.6 -1 5 .5

1976 September....................................................................... 98.6 -2 .5 83.3 -4 .5 85.0 -0 .6 84.5 -2 .1 86.2 1.9

1976 December........................................................................ 92.4 -6 .3 71.7 -1 3 .9 71.4 -1 6 .0 77.6 -8 .2 77.3 -1 0 .3

1977 March............................................................................... 92.0 -0 .4 71.4 -0 .4 74.8 4.8 77.6 0.0 81.3 5.2

1977 June.................................................................................. 89.6 -2 .6 66.5 -6 .9 71.5 -4 .4 74.2 -4 .4 79.8 -1 .8

1977 September....................................................................... 87.2 -2 .7 61.0 -8 .3 67.1 -6 .2 70.0 -5 .7 76.9 -3 .6

1977 December........................................................................ 84.7 -2 .9 61.5 0.8 74.9 11.6 72.6 3.7 88.4 15.0

1978 March............................................................................... 83.6 -1 .3 58.3 -5 .2 73.8 -1 .5 69.7 -4 .0 88.3 -0 .1

1978 June.................................................................................. 84.9 1.6 45.4 -22.1 62.3 -1 5 .6 53.5 -2 3 .2 73.4 -1 6 .9

1978 September....................................................................... 82.8 -2 .5 35.9 -2 0 .9 55.4 -1 1.1 43.4 -1 8 .9 66.9 -8 .9

1978 December........................................................................ 82.5 -0 .4 33.1 -7 .8 49.6 -1 0 .5 40.1 -7 .6 60.1 -1 0 .2

1979 March............................................................................... 85.8 4.0 37.0 11.8 52.6 6.0 43.1 7.5 61.3 2.0

Please see notes at end of tables.

28

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 41. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Resistors, as electronic components

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1971 June.................................................................................. 90.9 106.1 87.1 116.7 95.8

1972 June.................................................................................. 85.4 -6 .1 106.1 0.0 102.9 18.1 124.2 6.4 120.5 25.8

1973 June.................................................................................. 83.7 -2 .0 104.8 -1 .2 116.3 13.0 125.2 0.8 138.9 15.3

1974 March............................................................................... 87.6 4.7 114.7 9.4 119.3 2.6 130.9 4.6 136.2 -1 .9

1974 June.................................................................................. 88.5 1.0 114.7 0.0 118.9 -0 .3 129.6 -1 .0 134.4 -1 .3

1974 September....................................................................... 96.6 9.2 114.7 0.0 112.5 -5 .4 118.7 -8 .4 116.5 -1 3 .3

1974 December........................................................................ 98.5 2.0 106.7 -7 .0 104.2 -7 .4 108.3 -8 .8 105.8 -9 .2

1975 March............................................................................... 98.5 0.0 108.5 1.7 110.6 6.1 110.2 1.8 112.3 6.1

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.5 100.0 -7 .8 100.0 -9 .6 100.0 -9 .3 100.0 -1 1 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 96.7 -3 .3 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 103.4 3.4 101.2 1.2

1975 December........................................................................ 94.2 -2 .6 100.0 0.0 96.0 -1 .9 106.2 2.7 101.9 0.7

1976 March............................................................................... 93.4 -0 .8 101.6 1.6 99.3 3.4 108.8 2.4 106.3 4.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 93.7 0.3 101.6 0.0 99.7 0.4 108.4 -0 .4 106.4 0.1

1976 September....................................................................... 93.3 -0 .4 101.6 0.0 103.8 4.1 108.9 0.5 111.3 4.6

1976 December........................................................................ 93.4 0.1 104.9 3.2 104.5 0.7 112.3 3.1 111.9 0.5

1977 March............................................................................... 95.8 2.6 104.9 0.0 109.9 5.2 109.5 -2 .5 114.7 2.5

1977 June.................................................................................. 96.3 0.5 101.6 -3 .1 109.3 -0 .5 105.5 -3 .7 113.5 -1 .0

1977 September....................................................................... 100.2 4.0 93.6 -7 .9 103.0 -5 .8 93.4 -1 1 .5 102.8 -9 .4

1977 December........................................................................ 99.0 -1 .2 92.9 -0 .7 113.1 9.8 93.8 0.4 114.2 11.1

1978 March............................................................................... 99.0 0.0 88.2 -5 .1 111.7 -1 .2 89.1 -5 .0 112.8 -1 .2

1978 June.................................................................................. 99.8 0.8 85.0 -3 .6 116.6 4.4 85.2 -4 .4 116.8 3.5

1978 September....................................................................... 91.2 -8 .6 80.4 -5 .4 124.2 6.5 88.2 3.5 136.2 16.6

1978 December........................................................................ 90.5 -0 .8 80.7 0.4 120.8 -2 .7 89.2 1.1 133.5 -2 .0

1979 March............................................................................... 89.7 -0 .9 92.0 14.0 130.8 8.3 102.6 15.0 145.8 9.2

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 42. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Capacitors, as electronic components

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1974 March............................................................................... 93.1 93.3 97.1 100.2 104.3

1974 June.................................................................................. 97.0 4.2 93.5 0.2 97.0 -0 .1 96.4 -3 .8 100.0 -4 .1

1974 September....................................................................... 99.4 2.5 106.2 13.6 104.2 7.4 106.8 10.8 104.8 4.8

1974 December........................................................................ 99.4 0.0 106.4 0.2 103.9 -0 .3 107.0 0.2 104.5 -0 .3

1975 March............................................................................... 97.2 -2 .2 99.6 -6 .4 101.5 -2 .3 102.5 -4 .2 104.4 -0 .1

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 2.9 100.0 0.4 100.0 -1 .5 100.0 -2 .4 100.0 -4 .2

1975 September....................................................................... 99.1 -0 .9 102.0 2.0 99.8 -0 .2 102.9 2.9 100.7 0.7

1975 December........................................................................ 101.2 2.1 100.6 -1 .4 96.6 -3 .2 99.4 -3 .4 95.5 -5 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 101.2 0.0 98.9 -1 .7 * 96.6 0.0 97.7 -1 .7 95.5 0.0

1976 June.................................................................................. 102.0 0.8 98.6 -0 .3 96.7 0.1 96.7 -1 .0 94.8 -0 .7

1976 September....................................................................... 103.9 1.9 94.6 -4 .1 96.6 -0 .1 91.0 -5 .9 93.0 -1 .9

107.9 3.8 98.6 4.2 98.2 1.7 91.4 0.4 91.0 -2 .2

1977 March............................................................................... 112.6 4.4 93.7 -5 .0 98.1 -0 .1 83.2 -9 .0 87.1 -4 .3

113.1 0.4 91.2 -2 .7 98.1 0.0 80.6 -3 .1 86.7 -0 .5

1977 September....................................................................... 113.1 0.0 91.0 -0 .2 100.1 2.0 80.5 -0 .1 88.5 2.1

1977 December........................................................................ 114.2 1.0 82.2 -9 .7 100.0 -0 .1 72.0 -1 0 .6 87.6 -1 .0

114.7 0.4 78.9 -4 .0 99.9 -0 .1 68.8 -4 .4 87.1 -0 .6

1978 June.................................................................................. 110.7 -3 .5 73.2 -7 .2 100.3 0.4 66.1 -3 .9 90.6 4.0

111.1 0.4 64.7 -1 1 .6 100.0 -0 .3 58.2 -1 2 .0 90.0 -0 .7

111.2 0.1 66.9 3.4 100.2 0.2 60.2 3.4 90.1 0.1

1979 March............................................................................... 122.2 9.9 70.2 4.9 99.9 -0 .3 57.4 -4 .7 81.8 -9 .2

Please see notes at end of tables.

29

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 43. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Loudspeakers

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 99.0 99.3 101.2 100.3 102.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.0 100.0 0.7 100.0 -1 .2 100.0 -0 .3 100.0 -2 .2

1975 September....................................................................... 100.3 0.3 101.2 1.2 99.0 -1 .0 100.9 0.9 98.7 -1 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 100.7 0.4 102.7 1.5 98.6 -0 .4 102.0 1.1 97.9 -0 .8

1976 March............................................................................... 100.7 0.0 103.5 0.8 101.1 2.5 102.8 0.8 100.4 2.6

1976 June.................................................................................. 102.9 2.2 103.1 -0 .4 101.2 0.1 100.2 -2 .5 98.3 -2 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 102.9 0.0 102.7 -0 .4 104.9 3.7 99.8 -0 .4 101.9 3.7

1976 December........................................................................ 104.7 1.7 104.4 1.7 104.0 -0 .9 99.7 -0 .1 99.3 -2 .6

1977 March............................................................................... 104.6 -0 .1 98.2 -5 .9 102.8 -1 .2 93.9 -5 .8 98.3 -1 .0

1977 June.................................................................................. 104.6 0.0 96.1 -2 .1 103.3 0.5 91.9 -2 .1 98.8 0.5

1977 September....................................................................... 106.3 1.6 97.9 1.9 107.7 4.3 92.1 0.2 101.3 2.5

1977 December........................................................................ 108.4 2.0 92.7 -5 .3 112.9 4.8 85.5 -7 .2 104.2 2.9

1978 March............................................................................... 108.4 0.0 91.7 -1 .1 116.1 2.8 84.6 -1 .1 107.1 2.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 108.6 0.2 87.2 -4 .9 119.6 3.0 80.3 -5 .1 110.1 2.8

1978 September....................................................................... 109.4 0.7 84.5 -3 .1 130.5 9.1 77.2 -3 .9 119.3 8.4

1978 December........................................................................ 113.8 4.0 88.4 4.6 132.4 1.5 77.7 0.6 116.3 -2 .5

1979 March............................................................................... 113.9 0.1 92.5 4.6 131.6 -0 .6 81.2 4.5 115.5 -0 .7

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 44. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Transceivers

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 September....................................................................... 96.6 100.1 99.9 103.6 103.4

1975 December........................................................................ 100.0 3.5 101.1 1.0 99.0 -0 .9 101.1 -2 .4 99.0 -4 .3

1976 March............................................................................... 100.0 0.0 100.2 -0 .9 99.8 0.8 100.2 -0 .9 99.8 0.8

1976 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.0 100.0 -0 .2 100.0 0.2 100.0 -0 .2 100.0 0.2

1976 September....................................................................... 102.3 2.3 98.3 -1 .7 102.3 2.3 96.1 -3 .9 100.0 0.0

1976 December........................................................................ 102.3 0.0 99.6 1.3 101.1 -1 .2 97.4 1.4 98.8 -1 .2

1977 March............................................................................... 104.0 1.7 95.0 -4 .6 101.4 0.3 91.3 -6 .3 97.5 -1 .3

1977 June.................................................................................. 104.0 0.0 95.0 0.0 104.2 2.8 91.3 0.0 100.2 2.8

1977 September....................................................................... 106.6 2.5 91.3 -3 .9 102.4 -1 .7 85.6 -6 .2 96.1 -4 .1

1977 December........................................................................ 106.3 -0 .3 91.3 0.0 113.3 10.6 85.9 0.4 106.6 10.9

1978 March............................................................................... 109.9 3.4 91.3 0.0 117.8 4.0 83.1 -3 .3 107.2 0.6

1978 June.................................................................................. 109.9 0.0 79.2 -1 3 .3 110.7 -6 .0 72.1 -1 3 .2 100.7 -6 .1

1978 September...................................................................... 113.9 3.6 69.5 -1 2 .2 109.6 -1 .0 61.0 -1 5 .4 96.2 -4 .5

1978 December....................................................................... 113.1 -0 .7 71.4 2.7 109.1 -0 .5 63.1 3.4 96.5 0.3

1979 March.............................................................................. 117.2 3.6 72.6 1.7 105.3 -3 .5 61.9 -1 .9 89.8 -6 .9

Please see notes at end of tables.

30

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 45. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Instruments for measuring electrical quantities or characteristics

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 78.0 70.2 57.4 90.0 73.6

1971 June.................................................................................. 83.1 6.5 80.7 15.0 66.3 15.5 97.1 7.9 79.8 8.4

1972 June.................................................................................. 84.9 2.2 80.7 0.0 78.4 18.3 95.1 -2 .1 92.3 15.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 85.9 1.2 76.9 -4 .7 85.4 8.9 89.5 -5 .9 99.4 7.7

1974 March............................................................................... 88.4 2.9 78.4 2.0 81.6 -4 .4 88.7 -0 .9 92.3 -7 .1

1974 June.................................................................................. 91.7 3.7 78.4 0.0 81.3 -0 .4 85.5 -3 .6 88.7 -3 .9

1974 September....................................................................... 94.6 3.2 78.4 0.0 77.0 -5 .3 82.9 -3 .0 81.4 -8 .2

1974 December........................................................................ 96.7 2.2 102.6 30.9 100.2 30.1 106.1 28.0 103.6 27.3

1975 March............................................................................... 100.3 3.7 100.0 -2 .5 101.9 1.7 99.7 -6 .0 101.6 -1 .9

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .3 100.0 0.0 100.0 -1 .9 100.0 0.3 100.0 -1 .6

1975 September....................................................................... 99.6 -0 .4 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 100.4 0.4 98.3 -1 .7

1975 December........................................................................ 100.0 0.4 100.0 0.0 96.0 -1 .9 100.0 -0 .4 96.0 -2 .3

1976 March............................................................................... 100.5 0.5 100.0 0.0 97.7 1.8 99.5 -0 .5 97.2 1.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 103.0 2.5 100.0 0.0 98.1 0.4 97.1 -2 .4 95.2 -2 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 103.5 0.5 100.0 0.0 102.1 4.1 96.6 -0 .5 98.6 3.6

1976 December........................................................................ 102.9 -0 .6 102.6 2.6 102.2 0.1 99.7 3.2 99.3 0.7

1977 March............................................................................... 104.7 1.7 102.6 0.0 107.5 5.2 98.0 -1 .7 102.7 3.4

1977 June.................................................................................. 106.1 1.3 102.6 0.0 110.4 2.7 96.7 -1 .3 104.1 1.4

1977 September....................................................................... 108.8 2.5 102.6 0.0 112.9 2.3 94.3 -2 .5 103.8 -0 .3

1977 December........................................................................ 109.0 0.2 105.1 2.4 128.0 13.4 96.4 2.2 117.4 13.1

1978 March............................................................................... 112.4 3.1 100.2 -4 .7 126.9 -0 .9 89.1 -7 .6 112.9 -3 .8

1978 June.................................................................................. 112.9 0.4 95.2 -5 .0 130.6 2.9 84.3 -5 .4 115.7 2.5

1978 September....................................................................... 114.7 1.6 97.2 2.1 150.2 15.0 84.7 0.5 131.0 13.2

1978 December........................................................................ 115.5 0.7 98.5 1.3 147.5 -1 .8 85.3 0.7 127.7 -2 .5

1979 March............................................................................... 120.4 4.2 101.1 2.6 143.8 -2 .5 84.0 -1 .5 119.4 -6 .5

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 46. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Trucks, assembled, piston displacement over 2000cc

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 68.5 66.2 54.2 96.6 79.1

1971 June.................................................................................. 72.9 6.4 66.2 0.0 54.4 0.4 90.8 -6 .0 74.6 -5 .7

1972 June.................................................................................. 73.9 1.4 67.5 2.0 65.5 20.4 91.3 0.6 88.6 18.8

1973 June.................................................................................. 76.5 3.5 70.1 3.9 77.7 18.6 91.6 0.3 101.6 14.7

1974 March............................................................................... 81.5 6.5 84.2 20.1 87.6 12.7 103.3 12.8 107.5 5.8

1974 June.................................................................................. 86.3 5.9 90.0 6.9 93.4 6.6 104.3 1.0 108.2 0.7

1974 September....................................................................... 91.7 6.3 93.2 3.6 91.5 -2 .0 101.6 -2 .6 99.8 -7 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 93.1 1.5 93.0 -0 .2 90.9 -0 .7 99.9 -1 .7 97.6 -2 .2

1975 March............................................................................... 100.1 7.5 95.7 2.9 97.5 7.3 95.6 -4 .3 97.4 -0 .2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .1 100.0 4.5 100.0 2.6 100.0 4.6 100.0 2.7

1975 September....................................................................... 103.4 3.4 104.0 4.0 101.8 1.8 100.6 0.6 98.5 -1 .5

1975 December........................................................................ 104.3 0.9 105.7 1.6 101.5 -0 .3 101.3 0.7 97.3 -1 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 109.2 4.7 106.3 0.6 103.8 2.3 97.3 -3 .9 95.1 -2 .3

1976 June.................................................................................. 113.3 3.8 106.0 -0 .3 104.0 0.2 93.6 -3 .8 91.8 -3 .5

1976 September....................................................................... 117.3 3.5 103.9 -2 .0 106.1 2.0 88.6 -5 .3 90.5 -1 .4

1976 December........................................................................ 118.3 0.9 104.7 0.8 104.3 -1 .7 88.5 -0 .1 88.2 -2 .5

1977 March............................................................................... 119.7 1.2 104.0 -0 .7 108.9 4.4 86.9 -1 .8 91.0 3.2

1977 June.................................................................................. 120.3 0.5 103.6 -0 .4 111.5 2.4 86.1 -0 .9 92.7 1.9

1977 September....................................................................... 126.0 4.7 105.0 1.4 115.5 3.6 83.3 -3 .3 91.7 -1 .1

1977 December........................................................................ 128.7 2.1 102.7 -2 .2 125.1 8.3 79.8 -4 .2 97.2 6.0

1978 March............................................................................... 131.9 2.5 102.4 -0 .3 129.7 3.7 77.6 -2 .8 98.3 1.1

1978 June.................................................................................. 138.6 5.1 102.9 0.5 141.2 8.9 74.2 -4 .4 101.9 3.7

1978 September...................................................................... 140.1 1.1 103.9 1.0 160.6 13.7 74.2 0.0 114.6 12.5

1978 December........................................................................ 144.4 3.1 105.2 1.3 157.6 -1 .9 72.9 -1 .8 109.1 -4 .8

1979 March............................................................................... 149.5 3.5 107.7 2.4 153.1 -2 .9 72.0 -1 .2 102.4 -6 .1

Please see notes at end of tables.

31

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 47. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Agricultural tractors, except garden tractors

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 100.6 99.7 101.6 99.1 101.0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -0 .6 100.0 0.3 100.0 -1 .6 100.0 0.9 100.0 -1 .0

1975 September....................................................................... 101.2 1.2 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 98.8 -1 .2 96.7 -3 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 106.0 4.7 100.2 0.2 96.2 -1 .7 94.5 -4 .4 90.8 -6 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 108.0 1.9 100.2 0.0 97.8 1.7 92.8 -1 .8 90.6 -0 .2

1976 June.................................................................................. 110.5 2.3 103.1 2.9 101.1 3.4 93.3 0.5 91.5 1.0

1976 September....................................................................... 111.3 0.7 103.1 0.0 105.3 4.2 92.6 -0 .8 94.6 3.4

1976 December........................................................................ 114.5 2.9 103.7 0.6 103.3 -1 .9 90.6 -2 .2 90.2 -4 .7

1977 March............................................................................... 119.3 4.2 103.7 0.0 108.6 5.1 86.9 -4 .1 91.0 0.9

1977 June.................................................................................. 119.6 0.3 107.5 3.7 115.6 6.4 89.9 3.5 96.7 6.3

1977 September....................................................................... 122.7 2.6 108.0 0.5 118.8 2.8 88.0 -2 .1 96.8 0.1

1977 December........................................................................ 128.9 5.1 107.7 -0 .3 131.1 10.4 83.6 -5 .0 101.7 5.1

1978 March............................................................................... 130.4 1.2 107.6 -0 .1 136.2 3.9 82.5 -1 .3 104.4 2.7

1978 June.................................................................................. 131.3 0.7 98.4 -8 .6 135.0 -0 .9 74.9 -9 .2 102.8 -1 .5

1978 September....................................................................... 136.4 3.9 99.5 1.1 153.8 13.9 72.9 -2 .7 112.8 9.7

1978 December........................................................................ 136.3 -0 .1 106.3 6.8 159.2 3.5 78.0 7.0 116.8 3.5

1979 March............................................................................... 137.2 0.7 107.3 0.9 152.6 -4 .1 78.2 0.3 111.2 -4 .8

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 48. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Excavators (backhoes, shovels, etc.)

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 62.6 74.3 60.7 118.7 97.0

1971 June.................................................................................. 65.7 5.0 74.3 0.0 61.0 0.5 113.1 -4 .7 92.8 -4 .3

1972 June.................................................................................. 69.1 5.2 76.6 3.1 74.3 21.8 110.9 -1 .9 107.5 15.8

1973 June.................................................................................. 71.0 2.7 86.8 13.3 96.3 29.6 122.3 10.3 135.6 26.1

1974 March............................................................................... 76.0 7.0 93.5 7.7 97.3 1.0 123.0 0.6 128.0 -5 .6

1974 June.................................................................................. 84.3 10.9 93.7 0.2 97.2 -0 .1 111.2 -9 .6 115.3 -9 .9

1974 September....................................................................... 87.4 3.7 99.1 5.8 97.2 0.0 113.4 2.0 111.2 -3 .6

1974 December........................................................................ 92.1 5.4 99.4 0.3 97.1 -0 .1 107.9 -4 .9 105.4 -5 .2

1975 March............................................................................... 97.3 5.6 97.0 -2 .4 98.9 1.9 99.7 -7 .6 101.6 -3 .6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 2.8 100.0 3.1 100.0 1.1 100.0 0.3 100.0 -1 .6

1975 September....................................................................... 101.5 1.5 102.2 2.2 100.0 0.0 100.7 0.7 98.5 -1 .5

1975 December........................................................................ 105.0 3.4 103.2 1.0 99.1 -0 .9 98.3 -2 .4 94.4 -4 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 110.8 5.5 102.9 -0 .3 100.5 1.4 92.9 -5 .5 90.7 -3 .9

1976 June.................................................................................. 111.9 1.0 101.7 -1 .2 99.7 -0 .8 90.9 -2 .2 89.1 -1 .8

1976 September....................................................................... 112.8 0.8 99.7 -2 .0 101.8 2.1 88.4 -2 .8 90.2 1.2

1976 December........................................................................ 119.3 5.8 98.9 -0 .8 98.5 -3 .2 82.9 -6 .2 82.6 -8 .4

1977 March............................................................................... 121.4 1.8 96.4 -2 .5 101.0 2.5 79.4 -4 .2 83.2 0.7

1977 June.................................................................................. 122.3 0.7 96.9 0.5 104.2 3.2 79.2 -0 .3 85.2 2.4

1977 September....................................................................... 121.3 -0 .8 95.5 -1 .4 105.1 0.9 78.7 -0 .6 86.6 1.6

1977 December........................................................................ 127.4 5.0 95.4 -0 .1 116.2 10.6 74.9 -4 .8 91.2 5.3

1978 March............................................................................... 128.5 0.9 91.3 -4 .3 115.6 -0 .5 71.1 -5 .1 90.0 -1 .3

1978 June.................................................................................. 133.5 3.9 93.0 1.9 127.6 10.4 69.7 -2 .0 95.6 6.2

1978 September....................................................................... 135.8 1.7 92.9 -0 .1 143.6 12.5 68.4 -1 .9 105.7 10.6

1978 December........................................................................ 139.2 2.5 90.6 -2 .5 135.7 -5 .5 65.1 -4 .8 97.5 -7 .8

1979 March............................................................................... 143.6 3.2 91.0 0.4 129.5 -4 .6 63.4 -2 .6 90.2 -7 .5

Please see notes at end of tables.

32

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 49. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Truck-mounted cranes

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1975 September....................................................................... 101.4 1.4 103.5 3.5 101.3 1.3 102.1 2.1 99.9 -0 .1

1975 December........................................................................ 104.9 3.5 103.5 0.0 99.4 -1 .9 98.7 -3 .3 94.8 -5 .1

1976 March............................................................................... 107.0 2.0 103.5 0.0 101.1 1.7 96.7 -2 .0 94.5 -0 .3

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.3 0.3 103.5 0.0 101.5 0.4 96.5 -0 .2 94.6 0.1

1976 September....................................................................... 109.4 2.0 106.9 3.3 109.1 7.5 97.7 1.2 99.7 5.4

1976 December........................................................................ 111.0 1.5 106.9 0.0 106.4 -2 .5 96.3 -1 .4 95.9 -3 .8

1977 March............................................................................... 112.8 1.6 106.9 0.0 111.9 5.2 94.8 -1 .6 99.2 3.4

1977 June.................................................................................. 116.0 2.8 106.7 -0 .2 114.7 2.5 92.0 -3 .0 98.9 -0 .3

1977 September....................................................................... 116.9 0.8 105.0 -1 .6 115.6 0.8 89.8 -2 .4 98.9 0.0

1977 December........................................................................ 118.4 1.3 105.0 0.0 127.9 10.6 88.7 -1 .2 108.0 9.2

1978 March............................................................................... 121.9 3.0 105.0 0.0 133.0 4.0 86.1 -2 .9 109.1 1.0

1978 June.................................................................................. 123.0 0.9 105.0 0.0 144.1 8.3 85.4 -0 .8 117.2 7.4

1978 September....................................................................... 125.3 1.9 105.0 0.0 162.3 12.6 83.8 -1 .9 129.5 10.5

1978 December........................................................................ 130.0 3.8 105.0 0.0 157.3 -3 .1 80.8 -3 .6 121.0 -6 .6

1979 March............................................................................... 131.2 0.9 105.0 0.0 149.4 -5 .0 80.0 -1 .0 113.9 -5 .9

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 50. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Tractors and loaders, except agricultural tractors

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 68.0 62.0 50.7 91.2 74.6

1971 June.................................................................................. 72.1 6.0 64.9 4.7 53.3 5.1 90.0 -1 .3 73.9 -0 .9

1972 June.................................................................................. 73.5 1.9 60.1 -7 .4 58.4 9.6 81.8 -9 .1 79.5 7.6

1973 June.................................................................................. 75.2 2.3 60.3 0.3 66.9 14.6 80.2 -2 .0 89.0 11.9

1974 March............................................................................... 79.0 5.1 69.7 15.6 72.5 8.4 88.2 10.0 91.8 3.1

1974 June.................................................................................. 84.5 7.0 72.8 4.4 75.5 4.1 86.2 -2 .3 89.3 -2 .7

1974 September....................................................................... 90.5 7.1 88.6 21.7 86.9 15.1 97.9 13.6 96.0 7.5

1974 December........................................................................ 94.9 4.9 88.5 -0 .1 86.4 -0 .6 93.3 -4 .7 91.0 -5 .2

1975 March............................................................................... 98.3 3.6 99.3 12.2 101.2 17.1 101.0 8.3 103.0 13.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.7 100.0 0.7 100.0 -1 .2 100.0 -1 .0 100.0 -2 .9

1975 September....................................................................... 102.4 2.4 101.8 1.8 99.6 -0 .4 99.4 -0 .6 97.3 -2 .7

1975 December........................................................................ 105.1 2.6 102.5 0.7 98.4 -1 .2 97.5 -1 .9 93.6 -3 .8

1976 March............................................................................... 107.2 2.0 101.9 -0 .6 99.5 1.1 95.1 -2 .5 92.8 -0 .9

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.2 0.0 105.1 3.1 103.1 3.6 98.0 3.0 96.2 3.7

1976 September....................................................................... 108.2 0.9 104.7 -0 .4 106.9 3.7 96.8 -1 .2 98.8 2.7

1976 December........................................................................ 112.4 3.9 107.2 2.4 106.8 -0 .1 95.4 -1 .4 95.0 -3 .8

1977 March............................................................................... 115.2 2.5 107.3 0.1 112.4 5.2 93.1 -2 .4 97.6 2.7

1977 June.................................................................................. 117.2 1.7 110.6 3.1 119.0 5.9 94.4 1.4 101.5 4.0

1977 September....................................................................... 118.3 0.9 110.6 0.0 121.7 2.3 93.5 -1 .0 102.9 1.4

1977 December........................................................................ 122.2 3.3 103.8 -6 .1 126.4 3.9 84.9 -9 .2 103.4 0.5

1978 March............................................................................... 124.0 1.5 104.8 1.0 132.7 5.0 84.5 -0 .5 107.0 3.5

1978 June.................................................................................. 129.7 4.6 101.1 -3 .5 138.7 4.5 77.9 -7 .8 106.9 -0 .1

1978 September....................................................................... 131.1 1.1 96.8 -4 .3 149.6 7.9 73.8 -5 .3 114.1 6.7

1978 December........................................................................ 137.3 4.7 100.1 3.4 149.9 0.2 72.9 -1 .2 109.2 -4 .3

1979 March............................................................................... 138.4 0.8 107.4 7.3 152.8 1.9 77.6 6.4 110.4 1.1

Please see notes at end of tables.

33

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 51. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Lathes, metalcutting, except numerically controlled

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 62.1 61.7 50.4 99.4 81.2

1971 June.................................................................................. 66.1 6.4 61.7 0.0 50.6 0.4 93.3 -6 .1 76.6 -5 .7

1972 June.................................................................................. 67.2 1.7 61.7 0.0 59.8 18.2 91.8 -1 .6 89.0 16.2

1973 June.................................................................................. 71.8 6.8 68.7 11.3 76.2 27.4 95.7 4.2 106.1 19.2

1974 March............................................................................... 76.1 6.0 81.9 19.2 85.3 11.9 107.6 12.4 112.1 5.7

1974 June.................................................................................. 81.9 7.6 90.6 10.6 93.9 10.1 110.6 2.8 114.7 2.3

1974 September....................................................................... 89.9 9.8 90.6 0.0 88.9 -5 .3 100.8 -8 .9 98.9 -1 3 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 95.4 6.1 97.2 7.3 94.9 6.7 101.9 1.1 99.5 0.6

1975 March............................................................................... 97.9 2.6 99.1 2.0 101.0 6.4 101.2 -0 .7 103.2 3.7

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 2.1 100.0 0.9 100.0 -1 .0 100.0 -1 .2 100.0 -3 .1

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 103.5 3.5 101.3 1.3 103.5 3.5 101.3 1.3

1975 December........................................................................ 101.4 1.4 104.7 1.2 100.5 -0 .8 103.3 -0 .2 99.1 -2 .2

1976 March............................................................................... 104.6 3.2 103.8 -0 .9 101.3 0.8 99.2 -4 .0 96.8 -2 .3

1976 June.................................................................................. 104.6 0.0 105.4 1.5 103.4 2.1 100.8 1.6 98.9 2.2

1976 September....................................................................... 107.9 3.2 104.6 -0 .8 106.8 3.3 96.9 -3 .9 99.0 0.1

1976 December........................................................................ 111.7 3.5 104.6 0.0 104.1 -2 .5 93.6 -3 .4 93.2 -5 .9

1977 March............................................................................... 112.2 0.4 101.9 -2 .6 106.7 2.5 90.8 -3 .0 95.1 2.0

1977 June.................................................................................. 116.1 3.5 100.6 -1 .3 108.2 1.4 86.6 -4 .6 93.2 -2 .0

1977 September....................................................................... 118.1 1.7 102.8 2.2 113.1 4.5 87.0 0.5 95.8 2.8

1977 December....................................................................... 121.8 3.1 102.5 -0 .3 124.8 10.3 84.2 -3 .2 102.5 7.0

1978 March............................................................................... 125.4 3.0 100.5 -2 .0 127.3 2.0 80.1 -4 .9 101.5 -1 .0

1978 June.................................................................................. 131.9 5.2 94.7 -5 .8 129.9 2.0 71.8 -1 0 .4 98.5 -3 .0

1978 September....................................................................... 135.5 2.7 94.4 -0 .3 145.9 12.3 69.7 -2 .9 107.7 9.3

1978 December........................................................................ 137.8 1.7 102.0 8.1 152.8 4.7 74.0 6.2 110.9 3.0

1979 March............................................................................... 139.7 1.4 111.0 8.8 157.8 3.3 79.5 7.4 113.0 1.9

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 52. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Grinding machines, metalcutting, except numerically controlled

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 65.8 76.6 62.6 116.4 95.1

1971 June.................................................................................. 67.3 2.3 76.6 0.0 62.9 0.5 113.8 -2 .2 93.5 -1 .7

1972 June.................................................................................. 69.0 2.5 74.2 -3 .1 72.0 14.5 107.5 -5 .5 104.3 11.6

1973 June.................................................................................. 71.9 4.2 78.9 6.3 87.5 21.5 109.7 2.0 121.7 16.7

1974 March............................................................................... 81.9 13.9 107.2 35.9 111.5 27.4 130.9 19.3 136.1 11.8

1974 June.................................................................................. 83.2 1.6 100.0 -6 .7 103.7 -7 .0 120.2 -8 .2 124.6 -8 .4

1974 September....................................................................... 84.9 2.0 100.0 0.0 98.1 -5 .4 117.8 -2 .0 115.5 -7 .3

1974 December........................................................................ 96.4 13.5 100.0 0.0 97.7 -0 .4 103.7 -1 2 .0 101.3 -1 2 .3

1975 March............................................................................... 98.1 1.8 100.0 0.0 101.9 4.3 101.9 -1 .7 103.9 2.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.9 100.0 0.0 100.0 -1 .9 100.0 -1 .9 100.0 -3 .8

1975 September....................................................................... 106.0 6.0 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 94.3 -5 .7 92.4 -7 .6

1975 December........................................................................ 106.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 96.0 -1 .9 94.3 0.0 90.6 -1 .9

1976 March............................................................................... 107.7 1.6 100.0 0.0 97.7 1.8 92.9 -1 .5 90.7 0.1

1976 June.................................................................................. 112.3 4.3 118.5 18.5 116.2 18.9 105.5 13.6 103.5 14.1

1976 September....................................................................... 112.4 0.1 118.5 0.0 121.0 4.1 105.4 -0 .1 107.7 4.1

1976 December.........•.............................................................. 112.4 0.0 118.5 0.0 118.0 -2 .5 105.4 0.0 105.0 -2 .5

1977 March............................................................................... 118.3 5.2 117.3 -1 .0 122.8 4.1 99.2 -5 .9 103.8 -1 .1

1977 June.................................................................................. 119.8 1.3 118.3 0.9 127.2 3.6 98.7 -0 .5 106.2 2.3

1977 September....................................................................... 121.6 1.5 115.1 -2 .7 126.6 -0 .5 94.7 -4 .1 104.1 -2 .0

1977 December........................................................................ 122.4 0.7 115.0 -0 .1 140.0 10.6 94.0 -0 .7 114.4 9.9

1978 March............................................................................... 126.6 3.4 110.2 -4 .2 139.5 -0 .4 87.0 -7 .4 110.2 -3 .7

1978 June.................................................................................. 131.4 3.8 106.0 -3 .8 145.4 4.2 80.7 -7 .2 110.7 0.5

1978 September....................................................................... 131.4 0.0 97.6 -7 .9 150.8 3.7 74.3 -7 .9 114.8 3.7

1978 December........................................................................ 137.7 4.8 105.8 8.4 158.5 5.1 76.8 3.4 115.1 0.3

1979 March............................................................................... 146.4 6.3 110.0 4.0 156.5 -1 .3 75.1 -2 .2 106.9 -7 .1

Please see notes at end of tables.

34

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 53. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Numerically controlled machine tools

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 98.4 99.1 101.0 100.7 102.6

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.6 100.0 0.9 100.0 -1 .0 100.0 -0 .7 100.0 -2 .5

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 101.0 1.0 98.8 -1 .2 101.0 1.0 98.8 -1 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 100.4 0.4 101.7 0.7 97.6 -1 .2 101.3 0.3 97.2 -1 .6

1976 March............................................................................... 100.0 -0 .4 100.8 -0 .9 98.4 0.8 100.8 -0 .5 98.4 1.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 101.4 1.4 100.6 -0 .2 98.7 0.3 99.2 -1 .6 97.3 -1 .1

1976 September....................................................................... 102.2 0.8 98.7 -1 .9 100.8 2.1 96.6 -2 .6 98.6 1.3

1976 December........................................................................ 103.7 1.5 100.0 1.3 99.6 -1 .2 96.4 -0 .2 96.0 -2 .6

1977 March............................................................................... 105.4 1.6 97.5 -2 .5 102.1 2.5 92.5 -4 .0 96.9 0.9

1977 June.................................................................................. 105.4 0.0 96.2 -1 .3 103.5 1.4 91.3 -1 .3 98.2 1.3

1977 September....................................................................... 106.8 1.3 100.8 4.8 110.9 7.1 94.4 3.4 103.8 5.7

1977 December........................................................................ 109.2 2.2 100.5 -0 .3 122.4 10.4 92.0 -2 .5 112.1 8.0

1978 March............................................................................... 110.4 1.1 98.5 -2 .0 124.7 1.9 89.2 -3 .0 113.0 0.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 113.0 2.4 94.6 -4 .0 129.7 4.0 83.7 -6 .2 114.8 1.6

1978 September....................................................................... 115.3 2.0 92.2 -2 .5 142.4 9.8 80.0 -4 .4 123.5 7.6

1978 December........................................................................ 116.5 1.0 99.9 8.4 149.6 5.1 85.8 7.2 128.4 4.0

1979 March............................................................................... 116.9 0.3 107.1 7.2 152.4 1.9 91.6 6.8 130.4 1.6

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 54. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Pumps for liquids

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 63.5 62.5 51.1 98.4 80.5

1971 June.................................................................................. 65.1 2.5 63.1 1.0 51.8 1.4 96.9 -1 .5 79.6 -1 .1

1972 June.................................................................................. 66.8 2.6 64.4 2.1 62.5 20.7 96.4 -0 .5 93.6 17.6

1973 June.................................................................................. 70.8 6.0 86.2 33.9 95.6 53.0 121.8 26.3 135.0 44.2

1974 March............................................................................... 78.1 10.3 116.7 35.4 121.4 27.0 149.4 22.7 155.4 15.1

1974 June.................................................................................. 88.6 13.4 116.7 0.0 121.0 -0 .3 131.7 -1 1 .8 136.6 -12.1

1974 September....................................................................... 91.6 3.4 116.7 0.0 114.5 -5 .4 127.4 -3 .3 125.0 -8 .5

1974 December........................................................................ 93.9 2.5 116.7 0.0 114.0 -0 .4 124.3 -2 .4 121.4 -2 .9

1975 March............................................................................... 96.8 3.1 102.7 -1 2 .0 104.6 -8 .2 106.1 -1 4 .6 108.1 -1 1 .0

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 3.3 100.0 -2 .6 100.0 -4 .4 100.0 -5 .7 100.0 -7 .5

1975 September....................................................................... 103.6 3.6 95.8 -4 .2 93.8 -6 .2 92.5 -7 .5 90.5 -9 .5

1975 December........................................................................ 103.6 0.0 92.8 -3 .1 89.1 -5 .0 89.6 -3 .1 86.0 -5 .0

1976 March............................................................................... 104.4 0.8 92.8 0.0 90.6 1.7 88.9 -0 .8 86.8 0.9

1976 June.................................................................................. 106.1 1.6 92.8 0.0 91.0 0.4 87.5 -1 .6 85.8 -1 .2

1976 September....................................................................... 110.4 4.1 92.8 0.0 94.8 4.2 84.1 -3 .9 85.9 0.1

1976 December........................................................................ 111.5 1.0 92.8 0.0 92.4 -2 .5 83.2 -1 .1 82.9 -3 .5

1977 March............................................................................... 112.1 0.5 92.8 0.0 97.2 5.2 82.8 -0 .5 86.7 4.6

1977 June.................................................................................. 117.0 4.4 92.8 0.0 99.8 2.7 79.3 -4 .2 85.3 -1 .6

1977 September....................................................................... 117.9 0.8 92.8 0.0 102.1 2.3 78.7 -0 .8 86.6 1.5

1977 December........................................................................ 119.5 1.4 92.8 0.0 113.0 10.7 77.7 -1 .3 94.6 9.2

1978 March............................................................................... 121.4 1.6 88.4 -4 .7 112.0 -0 .9 72.8 -6 .3 92.3 -2 .4

1978 June.................................................................................. 127.8 5.3 88.4 0.0 121.3 8.3 69.2 -4 .9 94.9 2.8

1978 September....................................................................... 128.7 0.7 88.4 0.0 136.7 12.7 68.7 -0 .7 106.2 11.9

1978 December........................................................................ 134.0 4.1 88.4 0.0 132.5 -3 .1 66.0 -3 .9 98.9 -6 .9

1979 March............................................................................... 135.6 1.2 88.4 0.0 125.8 -5 .1 65.2 -1 .2 92.8 -6 .2

Please see notes at end of tables.

35

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 55. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Air or gas pumps and compressors

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 71.8 86.8 71.0 120.9 98.9

1971 June.................................................................................. 74.9 4.3 86.8 0.0 71.3 0.4 115.9 -4 .1 95.2 -3 .7

1972 June.................................................................................. 74.9 0.0 86.8 0.0 84.2 18.1 115.9 0.0 112.4 18.1

1973 June.................................................................................. 79.3 5.9 86.0 -0 .9 95.4 13.3 1C8.4 -6 .5 120.3 7.0

1974 March............................................................................... 82.8 4.4 88.4 2.8 92.0 -3 .6 106.8 -1 .5 111.1 -7 .6

1974 June.................................................................................. 87.2 5.3 88.4 0.0 91.7 -0 .3 101.4 -5 .1 105.2 -5 .3

1974 September....................................................................... 92.4 6.0 95.0 7.5 93.2 1.6 102.8 1.4 100.9 -4 .1

1974 December........................................................................ 96.0 3.9 95.0 0.0 92.8 -0 .4 99.0 -3 .7 96.7 -4 .2

1975 March............................................................................... 99.7 3.9 99.1 4.3 101.0 8.8 99.4 0.4 101.3 4.8

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.3 100.0 0.9 100.0 -1 .0 100.0 0.6 100.0 -1 .3

1975 September....................................................................... 101.1 1.1 101.0 1.0 98.8 -1 .2 99.9 -0 .1 97.7 -2 .3

1975 December........................................................................ 101.1 0.0 102.1 1.1 98.0 -0 .8 101.0 1.1 96.9 -0 .8

1976 March............................................................................... 105.8 4.6 101.2 -0 .9 98.8 0.8 95.7 -5 .2 93.4 -3 .6

1976 June.................................................................................. 106.1 0.3 101.0 -0 .2 99.1 0.3 95 2 0.5 93 4 0 0

1976 September....................................................................... 106.8 0.7 107.5 6.4 109.8 10.8 100.7 5.8 102.8 10.1

1976 December........................................................................ 108.2 1.3 109.0 1.4 108.5 -1 .2 100.7 0.0 100.3 -2 .4

1977 March............................................................................... 108.8 0.6 106.0 -2 .8 111.0 2.3 97.4 3.3 102.0 1 7

1977 June.................................................................................. 111.8 2.8 104.5 -1 .4 112.4 1.3 93.5 -4 .0 100.5 1.5

1977 September....................................................................... 113.0 1.1 103.4 -1 .1 113.7 1.2 91.5 2.1 100.6 0.1

1977 December....................................................................... 113.6 0.5 103.0 -0 .4 125.4 10.3 90.7 0.9 110.4 9 7

1978 March............................................................................... 119.9 5.5 106.5 3.4 134.8 7.5 88 8 2.1 1124 1 8

1978 June.................................................................................. 121.0 0.9 106.2 -0 .3 145.7 8.1 87.8 1.1 120 4 7 1

1978 September...................................................................... 122.4 1.2 103.2 -2 .8 159.5 9.5 84 3 4 0 130.3

126.2

8.2

1978 December........................................................................ 124.4 1.6 104.8 1.6 157.0 -1 .6 84.2 >-0.1 3.1

1979 March............................................................................... 130.0 4.5 107.0 2.1 152.2 -3 .1 82.3 -2 .3 117.1 -7 .2

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 56. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Forklift trucks

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 66.5 74.7 61.1 112.3 91.9

1971 June.................................................................................. 68.8 3.5 75.7 1.3 62.2 1.8 110.0 -2 .0 90.4 -1 .6

1972 June.................................................................................. 71.3 3.6 70.9 -6 .3 68.8 10.6 99.4 -9 .6 96.5 6.7

1973 June.................................................................................. 73.9 3.6 71.4 0.7 79.2 15.1 96.6 -2 .8 107.2 11.1

1974 March............................................................................... 83.6 13.1 90.4 26.6 94.0 18.7 108.1 11.9 112.4 4.9

1974 June.................................................................................. 86.6 3.6 92.8 2.7 96.3 2.4 107.2 -0 .8 111.2 -1 .1

1974 September....................................................................... 91.2 5.3 97.1 4.6 95.2 -1 .1 106.5 -0 .7 104.4 -6 .1

1974 December........................................................................ 95.5 4.7 101.0 4.0 98.7 3.7 105.8 -0 .7 103.4 -1 .0

1975 March............................................................................... 101.4 6.2 100.1 -0 .9 102.0 3.3 98.7 -6 .7 100.6 -2 .7

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 -1 .4 100.0 -0 .1 100.0 -2 .0 100.0 1.3 100.0 -0 .6

1975 September....................................................................... 104.3 4.3 102.1 2.1 99.9 -0 .1 97.9 -2 .1 95.8 -4 .2

1975 December........................................................................ 105.1 0.8 103.3 1.2 99.2 -0 .7 98.3 0.4 94.4 -1 .5

1976 March............................................................................... 107.0 1.8 102.8 -0 .5 100.4 1.2 96.1 -2 .2 93.8 -0 .6

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.5 0.5 104.3 1.5 102.3 1.9 97.0 0.9 95.2 1.5

1976 September....................................................................... 107.8 0.3 104.7 0.4 106.9 4.5 97.1 0.1 99.2 4.2

1976 December........................................................................ 110.8 2.8 105.7 1.0 105.2 -1 .6 95.4 -1 .8 94.9 -4 .3

1977 March............................................................................... 113.4 2.3 104.8 -0 .9 109.7 4.3 92.4 -3 .1 96.7 1.9

1977 June.................................................................................. 114.2 0.7 104.1 -0 .7 112.0 2.1 91.2 -1 .3 98.1 1.4

1977 September....................................................................... 114.5 0.3 104.1 0.0 114.6 2.3 90.9 -0 .3 100.1 2.0

1977 December........................................................................ 118.2 3.2 104.1 0.0 126.8 10.6 88.1 -3 .1 107.3 7.2

1978 March............................................................................... 120.8 2.2 104.1 0.0 131.9 4.0 86.2 -2 .2 109.2 1.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 121.9 0.9 104.1 0.0 142.9 8.3 85.4 -0 .9 117.2 7.3

1978 September....................................................................... 126.5 3.8 101.8 -2 .2 157.3 10.1 80.5 -5 .7 124.3 6.1

1978 December........................................................................ 127.7 0.9 92.2 -9 .4 138.1 -1 2 .2 72.2 -1 0 .3 108.1 -1 3 .0

1979 March............................................................................... 130.5 2.2 92.2 0.0 131.2 -5 .0 70.7 -2 .1 100.5 -7 .0

Please see notes at end of tables.

36

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 57. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Power transmission chains, of iron or steel

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1974 March............................................................................... 70.1 93.5 97.3 133.4 138.8

1974 June.................................................................................. 80.1 14.3 93.6 0.1 97.1 -0 .2 116.9 -1 2 .4 121.2 -1 2 .7

1974 September....................................................................... 92.4 15.4 104.0 11.1 102.1 5.1 112.6 -3 .7 110.5 -8 .8

1974 December........................................................................ 93.7 1.4 104.3 0.3 101.9 -0 .2 111.3 -1 .2 108.8 -1 .5

1975 March............................................................................... 100.0 6.7 98.0 -6 .0 99.9 -2 .0 98.0 -1 1 .9 99.9 -8 .2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.0 100.0 2.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 2.0 100.0 0.1

1975 September....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 108.0 8.0 105.7 5.7 108.0 8.0 105.7 5.7

1975 December....................................................................... 100.0 0.0 110.3 2.1 105.9 0.2 110.3 2.1 105.9 0.2

1976 March............................................................................... 100.4 0.4 108.5 -1 .6 105.9 0.0 108.1 -2 .0 105.5 -0 .4

1976 June.................................................................................. 100.4 0.0 107.9 -0 .6 105.9 0.0 107.5 -0 .6 105.5 0.0

1976 September....................................................................... 100.4 0.0 103.7 -3 .9 105.9 0.0 103.3 -3 .9 105.5 0.0

1976 December........................................................................ 101.0 0.6 106.4 2.6 105.9 0.0 105.3 1.9 104.9 -0 .6

1977 March............................................................................... 101.2 0.2 101.1 -5 .0 105.9 0.0 99.9 -5 .1 104.6 -0 .3

1977 June.................................................................................. 82.5 -1 8 .5 100.2 -0 .9 107.8 1.8 121.5 21.6 130.7 25.0

1977 September....................................................................... 83.4 1.1 100.7 0.5 110.8 2.8 120.7 -0 .7 132.9 1.7

1977 December........................................................................ 83.4 0.0 95.3 -5 .4 116.0 4.7 114.3 -5 .3 139.1 4.7

1978 March............................................................................... 86.7 4.0 93.2 -2 .2 118.0 1.7 107.5 -5 .9 136.1 -2 .2

1978 June.................................................................................. 89.9 3.7 89.6 -3 .9 122.9 4.2 99.7 -7 .3 136.7 0.4

1978 September....................................................................... 89.9 0.0 87.4 -2 .5 135.1 9.9 97.2 -2 .5 150.3 9.9

1978 December........................................................................ 91.4 1.7 88.9 1.7 133.1 -1 .5 97.3 0.1 145.6 -3 .1

1979 March............................................................................... 93.5 2.3 93.0 4.6 132.3 -0 .6 99.5 2.3 141.5 -2 .8

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 58. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Electromechanical handtools

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 99.9 110.0 112.1 110.1 112.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.1 100.0 -9 .1 100.0 -1 0 .8 100.0 -9 .2 100.0 -1 0 .9

1975 September....................................................................... 103.7 3.7 100.0 0.0 97.9 -2 .1 96.4 -3 .6 94.4 -5 .6

1975 December........................................................................ 105.4 1.6 100.7 0.7 96.7 -1 .2 95.5 -0 .9 91.7 -2 .9

1976 March............................................................................... 107.1 1.6 100.7 0.0 98.4 1.8 94.0 -1 .6 91.9 0.2

1976 June.................................................................................. 109.4 2.1 104.3 3.6 102.3 4.0 95.3 1.4 93.5 1.7

1976 September....................................................................... 110.6 1.1 105.3 1.0 107.5 5.1 95.2 -0 .1 97.2 4.0

1976 December........................................................................ 110.6 0.0 105.3 0.0 104.8 -2 .5 95.2 0.0 94.8 -2 .5

1977 March............................................................................... 114.3 3.3 105.3 0.0 110.2 5.2 92.1 -3 .3 96.4 1.7

1977 June.................................................................................. 115.6 1.1 105.3 0.0 113.2 2.7 91.1 -1 .1 97.9 1.6

1977 September....................................................................... 116.5 0.8 105.3 0.0 115.8 2.3 90.4 -0 .8 99.4 1.5

1977 December........................................................................ 117.4 0.8 103.8 -1 .4 126.4 9.2 88.4 -2 .2 107.7 8.4

1978 March............................................................................... 124.1 5.7 103.8 0.0 131.5 4.0 83.6 -5 .4 106.0 -1 .6

1978 June.................................................................................. 125.2 0.9 100.9 -2 .8 138.5 5.3 80.6 -3 .6 110.6 4.3

1978 September....................................................................... 128.9 3.0 93.7 —7.1 144.8 4.5 72.7 -9 .8 112.3 1.5

1978 December........................................................................ 128.9 0.0 90.6 -3 .3 135.7 -6 .3 70.3 -3 .3 105.3 -6 .2

1979 March............................................................................... 134.8 4.6 90.6 0.0 128.9 -5 .0 67.2 -4 .4 95.6 -9 .2

Please see notes at end of tables.

37

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Table 59. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Printing machines

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percentchange Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1975 March............................................................................... 100.0 93.0 94.8 93.0 94.8

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 0.0 100.0 7.5 100.0 5.5 100.0 7.5 100.0 5.5

1975 September....................................................................... 105.0 5.0 100.5 0.5 98.3 -1 .7 95.7 -4 .3 93.6 -6 .4

1975 December........................................................................ 106.1 1.0 100.5 0.0 96.5 -1 .8 94.7 -1 .0 91.0 -2 .8

1976 March............................................................................... 113.1 6.6 106.8 6.3 104.3 8.1 94.4 -0 .3 92.2 1.3

1976 June.................................................................................. 113.1 0.0 124.1 16.2 121.7 16.7 109.7 16.2 107.6 16.7

1976 September....................................................................... 115.1 1.8 124.1 0.0 126.8 4.2 107.8 -1 .7 110.2 2.4

1976 December........................................................................ 119.7 4.0 125.9 1.5 125.3 -1 .2 105.2 -2 .4 104.7 -5 .0

1977 March............................................................................... 124.1 3.7 126.0 0.1 131.9 5.3 101.5 -3 .5 106.3 1.5

1977 June.................................................................................. 126.9 2.3 126.0 0.0 135.5 2.7 99.3 -2 .2 106.8 0.5

1977 September....................................................................... 131.1 3.3 126.0 0.0 138.6 2.3 96.1 -3 .2 105.7 -1 .0

1977 December........................................................................ 131.8 0.5 126.0 0.0 153.4 10.7 95.6 -0 .5 116.4 10.1

1978 March............................................................................... 138.3 4.9 126.0 0.0 159.5 4.0 91.1 -4 .7 115.3 -0 .9

1978 June.................................................................................. 139.1 0.6 126.2 0.2 173.1 8.5 90.7 -0 .4 124.4 7.9

1978 September....................................................................... 141.0 1.4 126.2 0.0 195.0 12.7 89.5 -1 .3 138.3 11.2

1978 December........................................................................ 148.0 5.0 126.2 0.0 189.0 -3 .1 85.3 -4 .7 127.7 -7 .7

1979 March............................................................................... 153.6 3.8 126.2 0.0 179.5 -5 .0 82.2 -3 .6 116.9 -8 .5

Please see notes at end of tables.

Table 60. U.S.-Japan comparisons: Metal valves, of iron or steel

Month

U.S. export price 

index in dollars

Japan export 

price index 

in yen

Japan export 

price index in 

dollars

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

national 

currencies

Ratio of export 

price indexes in 

dollars

Index Percent

change Index Percent

change Index Percentchange

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

Ratio x 

100

Percent

change

1970 June.................................................................................. 69.4 51.1 41.8 73.6 60.2

1971 June.................................................................................. 72.5 4.5 51.1 0.0 41.9 0.2 70.5 -4 .2 57.8 -4 .0

1972 June.................................................................................. 68.2 -5 .9 49.5 -3 .1 48.1 14.8 72.6 3.0 70.5 22.0

1973 June.................................................................................. 69.4 1.8 49.5 0.0 54.9 14.1 71.3 -1 .8 79.1 12.2

1974 March............................................................................... 80.4 15.9 74.8 51.1 77.8 41.7 93.0 30.4 96.8 22.4

1974 June.................................................................................. 82.3 2.4 84.3 12.7 87.5 12.5 102.4 10.1 106.3 9.8

1974 September....................................................................... 92.6 12.5 101.2 20.0 99.3 13.5 109.3 6.7 107.2 0.8

1974 December........................................................................ 94.4 1.9 105.5 4.2 103.1 3.8 111.8 2.3 109.2 1.9

1975 March............................................................................... 98.1 3.9 105.3 -0 .2 107.3 4.1 107.3 -4 .0 109.4 0.2

1975 June.................................................................................. 100.0 1.9 100.0 -5 .0 100.0 -6 .8 100.0 -6 .8 100.0 -8 .6

1975 September....................................................................... 100.7 0.7 89.6 -1 0 .4 87.7 -1 2 .3 89.0 -1 1 .0 87.1 -1 2 .9

1975 December........................................................................ 103.8 3.1 89.6 0.0 86.0 -1 .9 86.3 -3 .0 82.9 -4 .8

1976 March............................................................................... 107.1 3.2 89.6 0.0 87.5 1.7 83.7 -3 .0 81.7 -1 .4

1976 June.................................................................................. 107.5 0.4 89.6 0.0 87.9 0.5 83.3 -0 .5 81.8 0.1

1976 September....................................................................... 108.6 1.0 89.6 0.0 91.5 4.1 82.5 -1 .0 84.3 3.1

1976 December........................................................................ 114.4 5.3 89.6 0.0 89.2 -2 .5 78.3 -5 .1 78.0 -7 .5

1977 March............................................................................... 114.8 0.3 87.5 -2 .3 91.6 2.7 76.2 -2 .7 79.8 2.3

1977 June.................................................................................. 116.0 1.0 86.8 -0 .8 93.3 1.9 74.8 -1 .8 80.4 0.8

1977 September....................................................................... 115.9 -0 .1 87.4 0.7 96.1 3.0 75.4 0.8 82.9 3.1

1977 December........................................................................ 122.0 5.3 87.4 0.0 106.4 10.7 71.6 -5 .0 87.2 5.2

1978 March............................................................................... 122.1 0.1 87.3 -0 .1 110.5 3.9 71.5 -0 .1 90.5 3.8

1978 June.................................................................................. 123.6 1.2 88.2 1.0 121.0 9.5 71.4 -0 .1 97.9 8.2

1978 September....................................................................... 124.2 0.5 82.4 -6 .6 127.3 5.2 66.3 -7 .1 102.5 4.7

1978 December........................................................................ 131.2 5.6 85.5 3.8 128.1 0.6 65.2 -1 .7 97.6 -4 .8

1979 March............................................................................... 134.0 2.1 86.6 1.3 123.1 -3 .9 64.6 -0 .9 91.9 -5 .8

Please see notes at end of tables.

Digitized 

38

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Notes for tables 1-60

In all index ratios, the U.S. export price index is in 

the denominator (i.e., XPIf/XPIus). Where possible, 

the indexes and index ratios are adjusted to set the 

value for the reference period, June 1975, equal to 100. 

The series in tables 36 and 44 begin after June 1975 

and use June 1976 as the reference period.

The U.S. export price indexes that appear in these 

tables were calculated for the specific purpose of making these intercountry comparisons. The Bureau of 

Labor Statistics also publishes official export price indexes for the United States, in a separate quarterly 

press release, which reflect price trends for SITC product categories. As a result, they differ from the indexes

of U.S. export prices contained in this bulletin.

The export price indexes of all three countries are 

Laspeyres’ indexes of specification prices. The weight 

base period is 1970 for the indexes in tables 1-34 (U.S. 

and Germany comparisons), and 1975 for the indexes 

in tables 35-60 (U.S. and Japan comparisons). The base 

periods reflect national practices.

The Japanese export price indexes in tables 35, 37, 

39,41,42, 45, 46,48, 50-52, 54-57, and 60 were linked 

with indexes on the 1970 base to obtain values for 

periods before March 1975. The 1970 base values were 

ratio-spliced using a formula suggested by the Bank of 

Japan: Linked index = (1970 base index) x (1975 base 

average monthly index in 1975)/( 1970 base average 

monthly index in 1975).

39

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Bibliography

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English). Tokyo: 1969.

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Monthly. Tokyo, monthly.

______Price Indexes Annual 1977. Tokyo: The Bank

of Japan, 1978, pp. 331-32.

______ List o f Commodity Descriptions for 19 75-Based

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______ German-English Technical and Engineering

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______ “The Elasticity of Substitution as a Variable

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Wealth. D. J. Daley, editor. 37: 269—90. New 

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______ “International Trade Prices and Proxies,” in

The Role o f the Computer in Economic and

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Bureau of Economic Research, 1974.

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--------- Gegenueberstellung des Warenverzeichnis fuer

die Industriestatistik (WI) mit dem Warenverzeichnis fuer die Aussenhandelsstatistik;

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1978).

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Employment Projections for the

Subjects include:

The labor force—expected changes in size and composition as a result 

of the continuing impact of the post-World War II baby boom, the increased 

participation of women, and the drop in the birth rate during the 1960's. 

Gross national product and income—projected trends and, 

major underlying assumptions on fiscal policy, productivity, (

and other factors affecting aggregate demand.^

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in major sectors; employment in 149 industries.

Distribution of demand —changing patterns in the [ 

major sectors of consumption, business investment, 

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Four articles from the 

Monthly Labor Review

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the United States 

economy to 19 9 0 - 

growth, employment, 

output, income, 

and demand over 

the next decade.

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