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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

MIAMI DIVISION

Case No. 1:22-cv-23223-GAYLES

VENUS CONCEPT USA INC., a

Delaware corporation,

Plaintiff,

v.

Exotic V’s Beauty Bar and Spa, a California 

company, and Victoria Naborne, 

an individual,

Defendants.

___________________________________/

[PROPOSED] ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 

DEFAULT FINAL JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANTS

THIS CAUSE came before the Court on Plaintiff, Venus Concept USA Inc.’s (“Plaintiff” 

or “Venus”), Motion for Default Final Judgment against Defendants, Exotic V’s Beauty Bar and 

Spa (“Exotic V’s”) and Victoria Naborne (“Naborne”) (“Motion”) [ECF No. __]. The Court, 

having carefully considered the Motion, the record, and applicable law, and for the reasons stated 

herein, the Motion is GRANTED. 

I. BACKGROUND

On October 4, 2022, Plaintiff commenced this action by filing a Complaint [DE 1] against 

Defendants arising out of Defendants’ default in regard to the Subscription Agreement and 

Guaranty entered into between Plaintiff and Defendants. Service of process was perfected on 

Defendants on April 3, 2023. See DE 8, 9. Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12, defendants must file an 

answer or otherwise respond within 21 days of being served with a complaint. A failure to do so 

may result in the Clerk’s entry of a default under Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a), which states: “When a 

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party against whom a judgment for affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead or otherwise 

defend, and that failure is shown by affidavit or otherwise, the clerk must enter the party’s default.”

According to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(a)(1), Defendants were required to respond to the Complaint on 

or before April 24, 2023. To date, each Defendant has failed to file or serve any response as 

required by law to Plaintiff’s Complaint. A Default was entered as to each Defendant. See DE 12.

Given Defendants’ continued failure to participate in the instant lawsuit, Plaintiff is seeking from 

the Court a Default Final Judgment against Defendants under Fed. R. Civ. P. Rule 55(b).

This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332 

because (i) complete diversity of citizenship exists between Plaintiff and Defendants and (ii) the 

amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00, exclusive of interest and costs. Plaintiff is a Delaware 

corporation conducting business in Miami-Dade County, Florida and with its principal place of 

business located in Florida and is a citizen of Delaware and Florida. Defendant Exotic V’s is a

California company and it is a citizen of California as its sole member, Defendant Naborne, is a 

citizen of California. Defendant Naborne is a citizen of California and is not a minor or 

incompetent person, nor in the military service of the United States. See Motion, Exhibit A.

Plaintiff is a medical aesthetic device company in the business of developing, 

commercializing and delivering minimally invasive and non-invasive medical aesthetic and hair 

restoration technologies and devices to its consumers, such as the Defendants. See Compl., ¶ 6. On 

December 18, 2019, Plaintiff and Defendants entered into and executed the Subscription

Agreement (“Subscription Agreement”) whereby Plaintiff promised to deliver certain medical 

aesthetic device(s), supplies and services (collectively, the “Goods”) in consideration for Exotic 

V’s promise to pay the “Aggregate Amount” of $81,547.36 in certain monthly installments listed 

in the Subscription Agreement. See Compl., ¶7, Exhibit A. On the same day as the execution of 

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the Subscription Agreement, Naborne executed and delivered a Personal Guaranty to Plaintiff 

(“Guaranty”), wherein Naborne guaranteed the full payment and punctual performance of all 

obligations of Exotic V’s under the Subscription Agreement. See Compl., ¶ 8, Exhibit A. 

Plaintiff fully performed under the Subscription Agreements by providing Defendants with 

the certain medical aesthetic device(s) and supplies (the “Goods”). See Compl., ¶ 9. Defendants, 

however, have defaulted under and materially breached the Subscription Agreement and Guaranty 

by failing and refusing to pay the remaining amounts due and owing to Plaintiff pursuant to same 

since December 31, 2019. See Compl., ¶ 11. Upon the occurrence of a Default, the Subscription 

Agreement allows for and provides Plaintiff with the right to immediately terminate the 

Subscription Agreement and to accelerate any and all payments remaining under the Subscription 

Agreement that would not have otherwise been due and owing but for the Default:

14. Effect of Default – In the event of any Default, [Plaintiff] may 

take any one of the following actions (separately or cumulatively): 

(i) terminate this Agreement with immediate effect and in such case 

the provisions of Section 15 below shall apply . . .

15. Effect of Termination or Expiration – In the event of 

termination or expiration of this Agreement, the following shall 

apply:

The [Defendants] shall pay forthwith (without notice) to [Plaintiff] 

as liquidated damages, and not as a penalty, an amount . . . equal to 

the aggregate of:

(i) Unpaid payments and other amounts payable hereunder 

and unpaid as of the date of Default [(i.e., December 31, 

2019)], and

(ii) The unpaid value of:

(A) Any remaining Monthly Installment payable 

from the date of Default, and

(B) Amounts otherwise payable under the 

Agreement, and

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(iii) Any Enforcement Costs [(which include “all costs and 

expenses in respect of collection, legal fees, repossession, 

repair of System, enforcement of [Plaintiff’s] rights or 

remedies, sale[,] or re-lease costs or other realization costs)] 

incurred by [Plaintiff], and

(iv) Interest thereon [(at the rate of eighteen percent (18%) 

per annum)] from the date of the Default [(i.e., December 

31, 2019)] until payment in full.

Compl., ¶ 12, Exhibit A (emphasis added).

In connection with the above-quoted language, and because Defendants defaulted by

failing to pay all amounts due by their respective due dates or any time thereafter, Plaintiff, by and

through their counsel, delivered a Notice of Termination dated June 30, 2022 to Defendants 

terminating the Subscription Agreement and demanding payment of any and all amounts due under 

same, including interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees, as is allowable under the clear and 

unambiguous language of the Subscription Agreement. See Compl., ¶ 13, Exhibit B. 

II. Motion for Default Judgment

A. Standard

It is well-settled that a “district court has the authority to enter default judgment for failure 

. . . to comply with its orders or rules of procedure.” Wahl v. McIver, 773 F.2d 1169, 1174 (11th 

Cir. 1985). Rule 55 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides for entry of default and default 

judgment where a defendant “has failed to plead or otherwise defend as provided by these rules.” 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). Although modern courts do not favor default judgments, they are appropriate 

when the adversary process has been halted because of an unresponsive party. Jones v. Lewis, No. 

17-81046-CIV, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 99218, at *6 (S.D. Fla. June 12, 2018) (quoting Flynn v. 

Angelucci Bros. & Sons, Inc., 448 F. Supp. 2d 193, 195 (D.D.C. 2006). Where, as here, Defendants 

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have failed to respond to or otherwise acknowledge the pendency of a lawsuit against it/her after 

being served, entry of default judgment may be appropriate.

On a motion for default judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b)(2), the Court accepts as true 

the facts alleged in the complaint: “[b]y defaulting, the [defendant is] deemed to have ‘admit[ted] 

the plaintiff’s well-pleaded allegations of fact’ for purposes of liability.” See Cotton v. 

Massachusetts Mut. Life Ins. Co., 402 F.3d 1267, 1278 (11th Cir. 2005). If the admitted facts 

establish the defaulting defendant’s liability, the plaintiff is entitled to relief against that defendant. 

Shandong Airlines Co. v. CAPT, LLC, 650 F. Supp. 2d 1202, 1206 (M.D. Fla. 2009) (citing 

Buchanan v. Bowman, 820 F.2d 359, 361 (11th Cir. 1987). Here, the facts alleged in Plaintiff’s 

Complaint establish Defendants’ liability as to Counts I-V. 

Additionally, “[a]lthough a defaulted defendant admits well-pleaded allegations of 

liability, allegations relating to the amount of damages are not admitted by virtue of default. Rather, 

the Court determines the amount and character of damages to be awarded.” Miller v. Paradise of 

Port Richey, Inc., 75 F. Supp. 2d 1342, 1346 (M.D. Fla. 1999) (citation omitted). Damages may 

be awarded without an evidentiary hearing if the record adequately reflects the basis for award via 

“‘a demonstration by detailed affidavits establishing the necessary facts.’” Adolph Coors Co. v. 

Movement Against Racism & the Klan, 777 F.2d 1538, 1544 (11th Cir. 1985) (quoting United 

Artists Corp. v. Freeman, 605 F.2d 854, 857 (5th Cir. 1979)); see also SEC v. Smyth, 420 F.3d 

1225, 1231–32 (11th Cir. 2005). In other words, a court may award damages “as long as the record

contains evidence allowing the court to ascertain damages from ‘mathematical calculations’ and 

‘detailed affidavits.’” Holtz v. Bagel Mkt., Inc., No. 12-62040-CIV, 2013 WL 12141515, at *2 

(S.D. Fla. Apr. 29, 2013) (quoting Adolph Coors, 777 F.2d at 1543–44). 

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B. LIABILITY 

i. PLAINTIFF IS ENTITLED JUDGMENT ON ITS CLAIM FOR 

BREACH OF CONTRACT AGAINST DEFENDANTS (COUNT I).

Plaintiff has provided factual support pertaining to all elements for its breach of contract 

claim. To assert a claim for breach of contract, Plaintiff must show “(1) the existence of a contract, 

(2) a breach of the contract, and (3) damages resulting from the breach.” Rollins, Inc. v. Butland, 

951 So. 2d 860, 876 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006); see Greaney v. Lake Austin Properties I, Ltd., No. 6:11-

cv-1984-ORL-22KRS, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 206982, 2012 WL 13103149, *2 (M.D. Fla. Aug. 

6, 2012). Plaintiff “must also prove performance of its obligations under the contract or a legal 

excuse for its nonperformance.” Rollins, 951 So. 2d at 876.

Here, the undisputed facts indicate that Plaintiff and Exotic V’s entered into and executed 

the Subscription Agreement, whereby Plaintiff promised to deliver certain medical aesthetic 

device(s), supplies, and services in consideration for Exotic V’s’s promise to pay the Aggregate 

Amount of $81,547.36 pursuant to the Subscription Agreement. See Compl.¶ 7. Defendants’ 

failure to make the requisite payments due and owing constitutes an event of “Default” under the 

Subscription Agreement. See Subscription Agreement, § 13.a. (“Each of the following is a material 

default by [the Defendants]: The [Defendants] fail[] to make any payment or pay any other 

amounts due under this Agreement . . . within ten (10) days after the same is due and payable[.]”). 

See Compl. ¶ 11. Pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreement, as of June 2, 2023, both 

Defendants owe Plaintiff an aggregate amount of $119,634.78, consisting of the remaining value 

of the Subscription Agreement, plus interest due on all amounts past due at a rate of 18% per 

annum, which has accrued since June 30, 2022. See Motion, Exhibit B. Default interest continues 

to accrue at $50.59 per day, and Plaintiff is also entitled to attorneys’ fees and costs pursuant to 

the Subscription Agreement. 

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As such, this Court finds that the evidence and the well-pleaded allegations in the 

Complaint support a claim for breach of contract against Defendants, and Plaintiff is entitled to 

Final Default Judgment on Count I of its Complaint. 

ii. PLAINTIFF IS ENTITLED TO JUDGMENT ON ITS CLAIM FOR 

BREACH OF GUARANTY AGAINST NABORNE (COUNT II). 

The undisputed, substantiated, and well pled facts outlined above merit Default Final 

Judgment against Naborne. “A guaranty is a collateral promise to answer for the debt or obligation 

of another.” Kahama VI, LLC v. HJC LLC, No. 8:11-cv-2029-T-30TBM, 2013 WL 1760254, at 

*3 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 24, 2013) (quoting Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp. v. Univ. Anclote, Inc., 764 F.2d 

804, 806 (11th Cir. 1985). “In Florida, the elements of an action for breach of a guaranty arise 

from a debtor’s default and the guarantor’s subsequent failure to pay.” Id. (quoting Bank First v. 

Guillem, No. 6:09-cv-152-Orl-31KRS, 2009 WL 1930190, at *5 (M.D. Fla. 2009).

Additionally, under Florida law “where [a] guaranty is absolute, the guarantor becomes 

liable upon non-payment by the principal, and the person in whose favor the guaranty runs has no 

duty to first pursue the principal before resorting to the guarantors.” PNC Bank, N.A. v. Monument 

Ctr., LLC, Case No. 6:15-cv-859, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109297, *14-15 (M.D. Fla. July 27, 

2016) (citing Mullins v. Sunshine State Service Corp., 540 So.2d 222, 223 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989)). 

Here, the undisputed facts demonstrate that Plaintiff and Naborne executed and entered 

into the Guaranty, wherein Naborne unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of Exotic V’s. See 

Compl., ¶ 27, Exhibit A. Although the Guaranty was incorporated within the Subscription 

Agreement, the Guaranty was set-out and executed with its own independent signature. See 

Compl., Exhibit A. The language of the Guaranty is clear and unambiguous, providing, in part, as 

follows: 

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The undersigned unconditionally personally guarantees to Venus 

Concept that he/she will make all payments and meet all obligations 

required under this Agreement. The undersigned especially consents 

to the jurisdiction of the court set out in the Terms and Conditions 

of this agreement. 

Id. 

Therefore, pursuant to the language of the Guaranty, Naborne guaranteed to Plaintiff the 

prompt and full payment – and not merely the collection— of all of Exotic V’s’s obligations to 

Plaintiff. See Id. Though Plaintiff has pursued this litigation against both Exotic V’s and Naborne, 

the Guaranty is to and remain enforceable against Naborne without the need for Plaintiff to make 

any additional efforts to collect the obligations from Exotic V’s. 

The undisputed facts in Plaintiff’s Complaint establish that Naborne breached the terms of 

the Guaranty by failing to perform his obligations thereunder after Exotic V’s defaulted on the 

terms of the Subscription Agreement. See Compl., ¶ 28. Plaintiff also attached a copy of the 

Guaranty included within the Subscription Agreement to the Complaint for the Court’s Review. 

See Compl., Exhibit A. 

As such, the evidence and the well-pleaded allegations in the Complaint state a claim for 

breach of guaranty against Naborne, and Plaintiff is entitled to Final Default Judgment on Count 

II of its Complaint. 

iii. PLAINTIFF IS ENTITLED TO JUDGMENT ON ITS CLAIM FOR 

UNJUST ENRICHMENT (COUNT III) IN THE ALTERNATIVE. 

As a general principle, a plaintiff cannot pursue an implied contract theory, such as unjust 

enrichment or quantum meruit, if an express contract exists. See Fulton v. Brancato, 189 So. 3d 

967, 969 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) (stating that a plaintiff cannot pursue unjust enrichment or quantum 

merit “if an express contract exists”). However, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8, Plaintiff may plead 

alternative grounds for relief, which it has done here. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(3). To successfully 

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prevail on a claim for unjust enrichment a plaintiff must prove that: (1) the plaintiff has conferred 

a benefit on the defendant, who has knowledge thereof; (2) the defendant has voluntarily accepted 

and retained the benefit conferred; and (3) the circumstances are such that it would be inequitable 

for the defendant to retain the benefit without paying the value thereof to the plaintiff. 

Here, Plaintiff states in its Complaint that it “conferred to the appreciation of the 

Defendants certain benefits in the form of highly advanced, sophisticated, and costly medical 

aesthetic equipment, devices, and supplies.” Compl. ¶ 34. Plaintiff further states that “Defendants 

accepted and retained said benefits under circumstances which make it inequitable for them to 

have retained same without paying the value of the benefits received.” Id. at ¶ 35. Therefore, even 

if the Court finds that Plaintiff has not successfully stated a claim of breach of contract, Plaintiff

still successfully states a substantive cause of action through its claim for unjust enrichment. 

As such, this Court finds that there is sufficient basis in the pleadings for the relief sought, 

and Plaintiff is entitled to Final Default Judgment on Count III of its Complaint. 

iv. PLAINTIFF IS ENTITLED TO JUDGMENT ON ITS CLAIM FOR 

ACCOUNT STATED (COUNT IV).

Plaintiff has adequately established Defendants’ liability for account stated (Count IV). To 

properly allege a cause of action for account stated, a Plaintiff must allege ultimate facts to support 

the parties’ agreement that a certain balance is correct and due, and that there was an express or 

implicit promise to pay this balance. FDIC v. Brodie, 602 So. 2d 1358, 1361 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992) 

(quoting Merrill-Stevens Dry Dock Co. v. Corniche Express, 400 So. 2d 1286, 1286 (Fla. 3d DCA 

1981)). “A plaintiff may prove a prima facie case for account stated by proffering evidence that 

the account was rendered under circumstances which raise a presumption of assent.” Supermedia 

LLC v. Pre Enters., LLC, No. 8:10-cv-000647-T-30TGW, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 83307, at *7 

(M.D. Fla. July 8, 2010). The practice of periodic billings for certain amounts in the reasonable 

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course of business, when no objection is made to the amount of the bill in a reasonable period of 

time, may give rise to such a presumption. Id. at *7; see also F.D.I.C. v. Brodie, 602 So. 2d 1358, 

1361 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992).

Plaintiff’s Complaint establishes that the parties entered into and executed the Subscription 

Agreement and Guaranty on December 18, 2019. See Compl., ¶ 7. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants 

failed to make all of the required payments due and owing beginning on December 31, 2019 for 

the Subscription Agreement. See Compl. ¶ 43. Plaintiff’s Complaint and exhibits attached thereto 

demonstrate that Plaintiff continued to send periodic invoices. See Compl., Exhibits C & D. 

Defendants did not object to the invoices and they remain unpaid. See generally, Compl. The 

foregoing is sufficient to state a claim for account stated, and, therefore, Plaintiff should be granted 

Final Default Judgment on Count IV of its Complaint. 

C. DAMAGES

In addition to entering default judgment on liability, this Court must determine the amount 

of damages to be awarded. See Holtz, 2013 WL 12141515, at *2. The burden is on the plaintiff to 

prove the amount of damages owed. Varela v. Innovating Wiring Sols., LLC, No. 6:07-cv-165-

Orl-28KRS, 2009 WL 1795044, at *4 (M.D. Fla. June 22, 2009). “Affidavits based on personal 

knowledge can be sufficient evidence to establish damages.” Holtz, 2013 WL 1214515, at *2. 

Here, pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreement, Plaintiff seeks to recover the total 

amount of the remaining value of the Subscription Agreement, plus interest due on all amounts 

past due at a rate of 18% per annum which has accrued from the dates of Default until payment in 

full. See Compl., ¶ 12. 

Both the Subscription Agreement and Plaintiff’s Declaration of Damages (see Motion, 

Exhibit B) demonstrate that the total amount of principal and interest Defendants owe through 

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June 2, 2023, is $119,634.78, and Plaintiff is entitled to per diem interest of $50.59 after June 2, 

2023, until entry of final judgment. See Id.

Lastly, pursuant to Section 15(iii) of the Subscription Agreement, the Court finds that 

Plaintiff is also entitled to collect costs and attorneys’ fees. See Compl., ¶ 13, Exhibit A, § 15(iii). 

The total amount of attorneys’ fees Plaintiff is entitled to as of June 2, 2023, is $11,872.00 as 

evidenced by the declaration of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. See Motion, Exhibit C. The 

total costs to which Plaintiff is entitled are $5,916.84 as evidenced by declaration of reasonable 

attorneys’ fees and costs. See Motion, Exhibit C. The Court finds that both the attorneys’ fees and 

costs requested are reasonable.

Therefore, based upon the record, the Court finds that Plaintiff is entitled to Default Final 

Judgment against Defendants, jointly and severally, for damages in the amount of $137,423.62.

Plaintiff is also entitled to per diem interest of $50.59 from June 3, 2023, until entry of final 

judgment. Accordingly, it is

ORDERED and ADJUDGED as follows: 

1. Plaintiff’s Motion is GRANTED.

2. Based on the evidence submitted with the Motion, which has not been challenged 

by Defendants, there is no dispute as to the amount of Defendants’ liability, jointly and severally, 

in the amount of $119,634.78, plus per diem interest of $50.59 from June 3, 2023, until entry of 

final judgment. Plaintiff is also entitled attorneys’ fees in the amount of $11,872.00 and costs in 

the amount of $5,916.84.

3. Final judgment will be entered in favor of Plaintiff, Venus Concept USA Inc.,

against Defendants, jointly and severally, in the amount of $137,423.62, plus per diem interest of 

$50.59 from June 3, 2023, until entry of final judgment.

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4. The Court reserves jurisdiction to hear any and all further matters that are necessary 

for the just and proper disposition of the claims against Defendants.

DONE and ORDERED in Miami, Florida this _____ day of ________________, 2023.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Copies provided to:

All parties and counsel of record 

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