HDR1012000170051114951500Farm Labor
HDR2012000170051114951500Farm Labor Narrative

Released November 14, 1995, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture.  For
information on "Farm Labor" call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228, office hours
8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.  For assistance with general agricultural
statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS
Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail:  NASS@AG.GOV.  Estimates refer
to the week of October 8-14, 1995.


          Annual Wage Rate Up 15 Cents, October Wage Rate Up 12 Cents

Annual wage rates paid by U.S. farm operators during 1995 averaged $6.54 per
hour.  This compares to $6.39 during 1994 and $6.25 during 1993.

There were 3.39 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during
the week of October 8-14, 1995.  Self-employed farm operators accounted for
1.59 million of the total, along with 541,000 unpaid workers, and
957,000 workers hired directly by farm operators.  Agricultural service
employees on farms and ranches made up the remaining 302,000 workers.

Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.58 per hour
during the October 1995 survey week, up 12 cents from a year earlier.  Workers
paid on an hourly basis earned $6.20 per hour compared with $6.17 last October.
Field workers received an average of $6.19 per hour, up 3 cents.  Livestock
workers earned $6.17 per hour compared with $5.82 a year earlier.

Self-employed farm operators worked an average of 39.6 hours, compared to
39.5 hours during the comparable week in 1994.  Unpaid workers averaged
35.0 hours, compared to 34.8 hours last year.  Hired employees worked 41.9
hours during the week, compared with 41.0 last year.

Benefits were provided for 419,000 hired workers.  Farm operators provided
housing for 138,000, meals for 57,000, bonuses for 102,000, health insurance
for 194,000, transportation for 56,000, and other benefits for 194,000 hired
workers.

During the survey week of October 8-14, 1995, a strong fast-moving cold front
swept across the Nation after midweek, ending a 3-day spell of record warmth.
Aside from early week rains in the North Central States, significant
precipitation was confined to the Northwest and eastern seaboard.  One to three
inches of rain were common during October 13-14 from Florida to New England.
Farther west, light precipitation spread across the upper Midwest from the
Northern Plains, hindering harvest activities in the already damp northwestern
Corn Belt.  Above-normal temperatures and dry conditions across the Nation for
much of the week allowed row crops to dry down and producers to make good
progress with the fall harvest.  By the end of the week, a cold front brought
cooler, more seasonal temperatures across the Nation.  In California, fruits,
nuts, vegetables, and field crops were harvested.  The fall vegetable season
progressed in Arizona with harvest of seasonal crops underway.  Cotton and
soybeans harvests were beginning in Florida as peanut harvest was winding down.
Harvest activities in Texas continued for vegetables, nuts, and field crops.

Sp Sy 8 (11-95)


HDR2012000170051114951500Employment, Hours Worked

      Farm Labor:  Employment, Hours Worked and Wage Rates, United States,
                     October 8-14, 1995, with Comparisons 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             : October 9-15,  :   July 9-15,   : October 8-14,
       Farm Employment       :      1994      :      1995      :      1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :                      1,000
                             :
Farm Workers                 :    2,886            3,324            3,084
                             :
  Self-Employed              :    1,490            1,626            1,586
  Unpaid                     :      516              632              541
  Hired                      :      880            1,066              957
    Expected to be Employed  :
    150 Days or More         :      592              669              610
    149 Days or Less         :      288              397              347
                             :
Agricultural Services        :
  Workers Working on Farms   :      279              348              302
                             :
Total Farm & Service Workers :    3,165            3,672            3,386
                             :
                             :                  Hours per Week
Hours Worked                 :
  Self-Employed              :       39.5             39.0             39.6
  Unpaid                     :       34.8             34.0             35.0
  Hired                      :       41.0             39.9             41.9
                             :
                             :                 Dollars per Hour
                             :
Wage Rates for               :
  All Hired Workers 2/ 3/    :       6.46             6.44             6.58
                             :
Method of Pay                :
  Hourly                     :       6.17             6.12             6.20
  Piece-Rate                 :       7.55             7.10             7.65
  Other                      :       6.93             7.13             7.30
                             :
Type of Worker               :
  Field & Livestock Combined :       6.08             6.06             6.19
    Field                    :       6.16             6.09             6.19
    Livestock                :       5.82             5.94             6.17
  Supervisory                :       9.55            10.21            10.28
  Other                      :       8.15             7.95             7.99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes AK.
2/  Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but
    the values are not included in the wage rates.
3/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.



HDR2012000170051114951500Workers on Farms

                   Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State,
                    and United States, October 8-14, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired
               :         :         :        :-----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :-------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000
               :
NY             :     74                          30
Other 4/       :     46                          19
Northeast I    :    120        52      19        49         30           19
               :
PA             :     82                          20
Other 4/       :     48                          17
Northeast II   :    130        66      27        37         25           12
               :
NC             :     88                          24
VA             :     56                          22
Appalachian I  :    144        78      20        46         26           20
               :
Appalachian II :    190       129      33        28         15           13
Southeast      :    116        68      10        38         25           13
FL             :     94        25       6        63         56            7
               :
MI             :     84                          26
MN             :    117                          18
WI             :    129                          32
Lake           :    330       169      85        76         38           38
               :
Cornbelt I     :    312       189      68        55         35           20
Cornbelt II    :    280       176      67        37         25           12
Delta          :    142        78      18        46         31           15
Northern Plains:    248       144      60        44         29           15
               :
OK             :     85                          12
TX             :    262                          52
Southern Plains:    347       228      55        64         50           14
               :
Mountain I     :     85        34      14        37         23           14
Mountain II    :     56        32      10        14          8            6
               :
AZ             :     31                          14
NM             :     31                           7
Mountain III   :     62        17      24        21         17            4
               :
OR             :     70                          31
WA             :     71                          43
Pacific        :    141        53      14        74         40           34
               :
CA             :    275        45      10       220        130           90
HI             :     12         3       1         8          7            1
               :
US 5/          :  3,084     1,586     541       957        610          347
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers
           by Region, State, and United States, October 8-14, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             :                           43.4                6.80
Other 4/       :                           39.0                7.00
Northeast I    :   43.6        33.8        41.7                6.87
               :
PA             :                           37.0                6.12
Other 4/       :                           41.5                6.94
Northeast II   :   41.8        32.6        39.1                6.54
               :
NC             :                           35.7                6.22
VA             :                           41.0                6.28
Appalachian I  :   29.0        29.3        38.2                6.25
               :
Appalachian II :   27.8        21.3        30.7                5.94
Southeast      :   27.7        24.3        36.5                5.99
FL             :   27.0        23.5        35.5                6.98
               :
MI             :                           41.6                6.70
MN             :                           45.7                7.53
WI             :                           36.0                6.60
Lake           :   50.5        36.7        40.2                6.88
               :
Cornbelt I     :   43.8        37.1        38.8                6.70
Cornbelt II    :   47.5        38.8        39.6                6.06
Delta          :   38.4        36.5        51.3                5.23
Northern Plains:   53.0        45.0        46.5                6.64
               :
OK             :                           44.0                6.20
TX             :                           41.7                5.74
Southern Plains:   29.8        32.1        42.1                5.83
               :
Mountain I     :   44.9        40.4        52.9                5.78
Mountain II    :   38.8        31.1        44.0                6.31
               :
AZ             :                           49.0                6.10
NM             :                           42.6                6.04
Mountain III   :   34.7        30.5        46.9                6.08
               :
OR             :                           39.5                6.77
WA             :                           40.0                8.27
Pacific        :   33.1        32.2        39.8                7.59
               :
CA             :   35.3        29.3        44.5                6.94
HI             :   35.3        36.7        37.4                9.43
               :
US 5/          :   39.6        35.0        41.9                6.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170051114951500Hired Workers

                  Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State,
                    and United States, October 8-14, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/
     State     :----------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             : 6.70               6.45                  6.96
Other 4/       : 6.70               6.51                  7.00
Northeast I    : 6.70    5.98       6.47    10.09   7.85  6.98     6.58    6.73
               :
PA             : 6.19               5.80                  6.44
Other 4/       : 6.67               6.46                  6.91
Northeast II   : 6.47    5.33       6.15     8.96   6.83  6.68       3/    6.19
               :
NC             : 5.69               5.88                  5.93
VA             : 6.09               6.09                  6.10
Appalachian I  : 5.92    6.39       5.99     9.08   7.62  6.02     6.35    6.72
               :
Appalachian II : 5.61    5.83       5.67       3/   6.71  5.68       3/      3/
Southeast      : 5.52    5.50       5.52     9.86   7.80  5.78     5.16    6.77
FL             : 6.02    6.40       6.06    13.40   9.20  6.00     6.95   12.50
               :
MI             : 6.50               6.47                  6.65
MN             : 7.52               7.31                  8.00
WI             : 6.25               5.96                  6.40
Lake           : 6.70    5.92       6.51     9.97   7.89  6.92     6.65    6.83
               :
Cornbelt I     : 6.52    5.97       6.40    10.21     3/  6.53       3/    7.10
Cornbelt II    : 5.85    5.91       5.86       3/     3/  5.99       3/    6.25
Delta          : 4.97    5.46       5.04       3/   6.61  5.15       3/    5.45
Northern Plains: 6.49    6.49       6.49     7.32   7.08  6.72       3/    6.55
               :
OK             : 5.70               5.87                  5.90
TX             : 5.04               5.45                  5.22
Southern Plains: 5.15    6.22       5.53    10.31   6.55  5.35       3/    6.43
               :
Mountain I     : 5.61    6.12       5.71     6.56   5.82  5.73       3/    5.85
Mountain II    : 5.87    5.46       5.76       3/     3/  6.12       3/      3/
               :
AZ             : 5.55               5.62                  5.40
NM             : 5.97               5.91                  5.91
Mountain III   : 5.61    5.96       5.72       3/     3/  5.52       3/      3/
               :
OR             : 6.41               6.39                  6.24
WA             : 7.95               8.00                  7.03
Pacific        : 7.28    7.47       7.29    10.78   9.28  6.58     9.06      3/
               :
CA             : 6.32    7.40       6.39    12.17   9.30  6.23     7.79   10.70
HI             : 8.40      3/       8.39    15.09     3/  8.64       3/   13.90
               :
US 7/          : 6.19    6.17       6.19    10.28   7.99  6.20     7.65    7.30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
7/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170051114951500Workers on Farms

         Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State, and United States,
                               July 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired
               :         :         :        :-----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :-------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000
               :
NY             :    76                           27
Other 4/       :    57                           26
Northeast I    :   133         54      26        53         37           16
               :
PA             :   102                           28
Other 4/       :    59                           24
Northeast II   :   161         74      35        52         32           20
               :
NC             :   123                           56
VA             :    65                           23
Appalachian I  :   188         85      24        79         32           47
               :
Appalachian II :   225        138      43        44         21           23
Southeast      :   139         71      22        46         24           22
FL             :    79         24       7        48         44            4
               :
MI             :    93                           29
MN             :   128                           24
WI             :   145                           37
Lake           :   366        189      87        90         43           47
               :
Cornbelt I     :   306        185      65        56         33           23
Cornbelt II    :   252        156      60        36         23           13
Delta          :   154         81      26        47         34           13
Northern Plains:   272        155      79        38         25           13
               :
OK             :    85                           10
TX             :   260                           59
Southern Plains:   345        218      58        69         50           19
               :
Mountain I     :    90         38      19        33         21           12
Mountain II    :    73         36      17        20         13            7
               :
AZ             :    31                           14
NM             :    30                            6
Mountain III   :    61         16      25        20         16            4
               :
OR             :   102                           50
WA             :    86                           53
Pacific        :   188         58      27       103         49           54
               :
CA             :   281         45      11       225        166           59
HI             :    11          3       1         7          6            1
AK             :     1.0       6/      6/          .4       6/           6/
               :
US 5/          : 3,324      1,626     632     1,066        669          397
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.
6/  Insufficient data.


      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers,
             by Region, State, and United States, July 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             :                           43.9                6.29
Other 4/       :                           38.5                7.35
Northeast I    :   49.3        31.3        41.3                6.77
               :
PA             :                           42.0                5.96
Other 4/       :                           39.6                6.80
Northeast II   :   43.5        40.0        40.9                6.32
               :
NC             :                           35.0                5.70
VA             :                           38.0                6.24
Appalachian I  :   31.7        29.9        35.9                5.87
               :
Appalachian II :   30.1        27.8        29.0                5.61
Southeast      :   32.6        25.1        37.3                5.89
FL             :   26.0        24.0        38.0                7.80
               :
MI             :                           35.4                6.35
MN             :                           39.6                6.19
WI             :                           32.0                6.56
Lake           :   45.0        34.7        35.1                6.38
               :
Cornbelt I     :   39.4        32.5        37.5                6.37
Cornbelt II    :   41.3        33.4        32.9                6.26
Delta          :   37.2        34.4        40.0                5.61
Northern Plains:   52.7        44.7        48.6                5.98
               :
OK             :                           40.0                6.00
TX             :                           42.8                5.80
Southern Plains:   31.8        27.8        42.4                5.83
               :
Mountain I     :   48.1        38.2        41.9                5.87
Mountain II    :   41.4        35.9        40.9                5.78
               :
AZ             :                           50.0                6.30
NM             :                           47.9                6.10
Mountain III   :   36.3        33.5        49.4                6.24
               :
OR             :                           41.2                6.60
WA             :                           39.0                7.18
Pacific        :   32.3        34.0        40.1                6.89
               :
CA             :   34.9        28.5        44.1                6.88
HI             :   31.4        33.7        37.3                9.94
AK             :   41.0        32.0        36.0                7.40
               :
US 5/          :   39.0        34.0        39.9                6.44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170051114951500Hired Workers

         Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States,
                               July 9-15, 1995 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/
     State     :----------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             : 6.26               5.96                  6.28
Other 4/       : 7.05               6.61                  7.50
Northeast I    : 6.58     5.71      6.23     9.51   7.75  6.84       3/    6.52
               :
PA             : 6.00               5.66                  6.19
Other 4/       : 6.22               6.16                  6.44
Northeast II   : 6.10     5.22      5.86     9.69   7.72  6.30     6.48    6.29
               :
NC             : 5.46               5.51                  5.41
VA             : 6.10               6.09                  6.00
Appalachian I  : 5.63     6.13      5.68     9.04   7.58  5.55     6.54    6.56
               :
Appalachian II : 5.37     5.56      5.43     7.93     3/  5.32       3/    6.48
Southeast      : 5.47     5.58      5.49     9.18     3/  5.41     6.99    6.36
FL             : 6.79     6.45      6.75    13.50  10.25  6.91     8.00   11.25
               :
MI             : 6.15               6.10                  6.37
MN             : 5.77               5.98                  6.12
WI             : 6.60               6.02                  6.65
Lake           : 6.18     5.71      6.03     9.55   6.19  6.40     5.78    6.43
               :
Cornbelt I     : 6.07     6.10      6.08    10.59   6.61  5.97       3/    7.04
Cornbelt II    : 5.93     5.95      5.93     8.88     3/  6.03       3/    6.87
Delta          : 5.28     5.72      5.40     9.09     3/  5.36       3/    6.23
Northern Plains: 6.10     5.33      5.83     7.90   5.48  6.30       3/    5.51
               :
OK             : 5.60               5.63                  5.60
TX             : 5.36               5.50                  5.38
Southern Plains: 5.39     5.76      5.52     9.60   6.82  5.41       3/    6.58
               :
Mountain I     : 5.71     5.91      5.77       3/     3/  6.15       3/    5.70
Mountain II    : 5.48     5.09      5.31     8.57     3/  5.92       3/    5.61
               :
AZ             : 5.55               5.67                  5.60
NM             : 5.52               5.81                  5.78
Mountain III   : 5.54     6.31      5.71       3/     3/  5.65       3/    8.01
               :
OR             : 6.34               6.32                  6.06
WA             : 6.96               7.07                  6.78
Pacific        : 6.66     7.35      6.70     9.92   8.57  6.44     7.39    8.58
               :
CA             : 6.27     7.52      6.37    11.83   9.99  6.27     7.16   10.29
HI             : 8.81       3/      8.78    16.00     3/  9.00       3/   14.68
AK             : 7.10       3/        3/       3/     3/  7.40       3/      3/
               :
US 7/          : 6.09     5.94      6.06    10.21   7.95  6.12     7.10    7.13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
7/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170051114951500Workers on Farms

                   Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State,
                    and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired
               :         :         :        :-----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :-------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000
               :
NY             :     65                          28
Other 4/       :     51                          27
Northeast I    :    116        47      14        55         37           18
               :
PA             :     77                          18
Other 4/       :     46                          20
Northeast II   :    123        59      26        38         28           10
               :
NC             :     76                          25
VA             :     48                          13
Appalachian I  :    124        71      15        38         26           12
               :
Appalachian II :    180       125      26        29         15           14
Southeast      :    112        67      13        32         26            6
FL             :     79        18       5        56         48            8
               :
MI             :     83                          24
MN             :    130                          22
WI             :    131                          25
Lake           :    344       179      94        71         43           28
               :
Cornbelt I     :    310       184      67        59         35           24
Cornbelt II    :    257       156      59        42         28           14
Delta          :    127        83      14        30         24            6
Northern Plains:    237       141      58        38         26           12
               :
OK             :     84                          13
TX             :    203                          44
Southern Plains:    287       180      50        57         42           15
               :
Mountain I     :     76        37      14        25         17            8
Mountain II    :     57        27       9        21         16            5
               :
AZ             :     30                          13
NM             :     29                           5
Mountain III   :     59        16      25        18         16            2
               :
OR             :     69                          22
WA             :     81                          53
Pacific        :    150        59      16        75         41           34
               :
CA             :    236        38      10       188        117           71
HI             :     12         3       1         8          7            1
               :
US 5/          :  2,886     1,490     516       880        592          288
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers
           by Region, State, and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             :                           45.0                6.70
Other 4/       :                           39.0                7.20
Northeast I    :   45.4        35.1        42.1                6.94
               :
PA             :                           41.0                6.01
Other 4/       :                           42.9                6.99
Northeast II   :   43.1        38.3        42.0                6.55
               :
NC             :                           36.7                6.15
VA             :                           38.7                6.11
Appalachian I  :   35.1        34.1        37.4                6.14
               :
Appalachian II :   27.4        30.0        33.8                5.62
Southeast      :   26.4        25.7        34.5                6.18
FL             :   28.0        30.0        37.0                7.20
               :
MI             :                           33.8                6.37
MN             :                           42.2                6.43
WI             :                           35.6                5.56
Lake           :   53.1        36.1        37.0                6.12
               :
Cornbelt I     :   44.8        40.0        40.3                6.43
Cornbelt II    :   45.5        36.9        39.6                5.88
Delta          :   26.8        29.2        40.0                5.34
Northern Plains:   49.5        38.7        48.9                6.50
               :
OK             :                           30.0                6.25
TX             :                           42.5                5.46
Southern Plains:   31.9        28.6        39.6                5.60
               :
Mountain I     :   46.2        39.0        47.7                5.76
Mountain II    :   37.0        33.3        42.9                6.26
               :
AZ             :                           49.0                6.28
NM             :                           42.7                5.93
Mountain III   :   28.1        26.7        47.3                6.19
               :
OR             :                           42.4                6.52
WA             :                           42.0                7.39
Pacific        :   29.5        26.9        42.1                7.13
               :
CA             :   32.4        35.6        43.5                6.71
HI             :   32.4        31.0        38.3                9.93
               :
US 5/          :   39.5        34.8        41.0                6.46
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.
4/  Other States in the same region.
5/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170051114951500Hired Workers

                  Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State,
                    and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/
     State     :----------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
NY             : 6.72               6.45                  6.85
Other 4/       : 6.70               6.38                  7.20
Northeast I    : 6.71     5.82      6.42     9.54   8.45  7.02     6.56    6.87
               :
PA             : 6.19               5.60                  6.25
Other 4/       : 6.44               6.28                  6.32
Northeast II   : 6.33     5.22      5.97     9.17   8.25  6.29       3/    7.01
               :
NC             : 5.50               5.66                  5.60
VA             : 5.81               5.82                  5.71
Appalachian I  : 5.62     5.93      5.71     9.10   7.34  5.63     6.72    6.85
               :
Appalachian II : 5.26     5.91      5.51       3/     3/  5.36       3/      3/
Southeast      : 5.64     6.13      5.75     9.38   7.32  5.94       3/    6.82
FL             : 6.15     6.70      6.22    13.15   9.90  6.17     6.95   10.75
               :
MI             : 6.40               6.30                  6.32
MN             : 6.74               6.23                  7.15
WI             : 6.00               5.27                  5.60
Lake           : 6.47     5.14      5.91     8.76   7.06  6.37     6.85    5.40
               :
Cornbelt I     : 6.17     6.23      6.18     9.35   7.02  6.40     7.34    6.26
Cornbelt II    : 5.80     5.32      5.68     7.39     3/  5.87       3/    5.87
Delta          : 5.05     5.41      5.13       3/     3/  5.02       3/    5.94
Northern Plains: 6.52     5.67      6.29     7.99     3/  6.73       3/    6.20
               :
OK             : 5.80               5.44                  5.35
TX             : 5.15               5.17                  5.37
Southern Plains: 5.20     5.22      5.21     8.06   6.56  5.37       3/    5.81
               :
Mountain I     : 5.47     5.41      5.45     7.67   6.34  5.82       3/    5.63
Mountain II    : 5.72     5.85      5.78     8.48     3/  6.17       3/    6.39
               :
AZ             : 5.40               5.76                  5.90
NM             : 5.43               5.54                  5.65
Mountain III   : 5.41     6.04      5.70     8.42   8.29  5.86       3/      3/
               :
OR             : 6.31               6.24                  6.33
WA             : 7.02               7.19                  6.76
Pacific        : 6.83     7.87      6.92     9.64   8.94  6.61     8.03    7.87
               :
CA             : 6.22     6.99      6.28    11.50  10.88  6.09     8.25   10.39
HI             : 8.85       3/      8.81    15.72     3/  9.04       3/   14.45
               :
US 7/          : 6.16     5.82      6.08     9.55   8.15  6.17     7.55    6.93
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Other States in the same region
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level
    only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only.
7/  Excludes AK.



HDR2012000170051114951500Field and Livestock Workers

               Field and Livestock Workers Combined:  Wage Rates,
                   by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 :      October 9-15, 1994      :      October 8-14, 1995
                 :--------------------------------------------------------------
    Region 2/    :Field :Other :L'stk & :  All  : Field :Other :L'stk & :  All
                 :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 :                       Dollars per Hour
                 :
Northeast        : 5.91   6.76    5.51    6.24    6.01    6.77    5.90    6.34
Appalachian      : 5.20   6.67    5.59    5.62    5.44    6.23    5.87    5.89
Southeast        : 5.78   6.03    6.31    6.05    5.42    5.53    5.43    5.49
Lake             : 6.53   6.29    5.43    5.91    6.72    6.97    5.69    6.51
Cornbelt         : 6.07   6.69    5.60    5.98    6.09    6.49    6.11    6.17
Delta            : 5.07   4.61    5.48    5.13    4.87    8.39    5.59    5.04
Northern Plains  : 6.74     3/    5.55    6.29    6.44    6.60    6.53    6.49
Southern Plains  : 5.02   4.80    5.43    5.21    5.09    4.99    6.06    5.53
Mountain         : 5.54   5.52    5.72    5.62    5.55    6.08    5.93    5.72
Pacific          : 6.36   6.36    7.39    6.46    6.78    6.56    6.88    6.61
48 States        : 5.89   6.30    5.76    6.06    5.81    6.38    6.05    6.14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            All Hired Workers:  Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm
                           by Region and 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         :        October 9-15, 1994        :        October 8-14, 1995
  Region :----------------------------------------------------------------------
    2/   : Gross Value Sales-$1000's  : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's  : All
         : <40  :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms: <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         :                           Dollars per Hour
         :
N. East  : 5.79   5.22    6.05   7.29  6.67  6.53   5.78    5.84    7.26   6.73
Appal.   : 6.04   5.59    5.86   5.82  5.83  5.30   6.41    5.84    6.35   6.15
S. East  : 5.75   6.75    5.59   7.02  6.73  5.04   5.01    4.92    5.95   5.70
Lake     : 5.04   4.65    5.34   6.57  5.92  4.22   5.30    6.03    7.50   6.88
Cornbelt : 6.10   5.91    6.34   6.49  6.33  5.79   6.55    5.98    6.70   6.43
Delta    : 6.71   5.57    6.29   5.85  5.95  5.29   5.23    5.15    5.25   5.23
N. Plains: 4.66   7.06    7.07   7.09  6.96  6.31   6.72    6.00    7.03   6.64
S. Plains: 4.95   6.12    5.18   5.53  5.50  5.67   6.22    5.43    5.92   5.83
Mountain : 5.81   5.48    5.72   6.71  6.32  6.94   5.87    5.61    6.01   5.96
Pacific  : 6.77   7.08    7.52   6.91  6.98  7.61   7.97    7.07    7.02   7.09
48 States: 5.85   5.92    6.25   6.67  6.50  5.90   6.39    5.95    6.65   6.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Regions Consist of the following States.
      Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT.
      Appalachian:  KY, NC, TN, VA, WV.
      Southeast:  AL, FL, GA, SC.
      Lake:  MI, MN, WI.
      Cornbelt:  IA, IL, IN, MO, OH.
      Delta:  AR, LA, MS.
      Northern Plains:  KS, NE, ND, SD.
      Southern Plains:  OK, TX.
      Mountain:  AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY.
      Pacific:  CA, OR, WA.
      48 States:  All States, excluding AK and HI.
3/  Insufficient data.



                    Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution
                          by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Type of      :    October 9-15,    :    July 9-15,    :  October 8-14,
        Farm        :        1994         :       1995       :       1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    :       Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/
                    :
Field Crops         :         24                  26                 26
Other Crops         :         45                  44                 50
Livestock, Dairy,   :
 & Poultry          :         31                  30                 24
                    :        100.0               100.0              100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                          Hired Workers:  Distribution
                     by Economic Class of Farm, 48 States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Gross Value    :    October 9-15,    :    July 9-15,    :  October 8-14,
      of Sales      :        1994         :       1995       :       1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    :                Percent of Hired Workers 3/
                    :
Less than $40,000   :          8                  13                  9
$40,000-$99,999     :         11                  12                 10
$100,000-$249,999   :         19                  18                 17
$250,000 and over   :         62                  57                 64
                    :        100.0               100.0              100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  48 States, excluding AK and HI.
2/  Field and Livestock Workers combined.
3/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.



HDR2012000170051114951500Hired Workers

          Hired Workers:  Distribution by Category, United States 1/ 2/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             : October 9-15,  :   July 9-15,   : October 8-14,
                             :      1994      :      1995      :      1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :             Percent of Hired Workers
                             :
Employed on Farms Hiring     :
  1 Worker                   :      12               12               11
  2 Workers                  :      12                9                9
  3-6 Workers                :      21               20               18
  7-10 Workers               :      10               10               10
  At least 11 Workers        :      45               49               52
                             :     100.0            100.0            100.0
                             :
                             :
Payment Method               :
  Hourly                     :      70               71               70
  Piece-Rate                 :       8                9               10
  Other Methods              :      22               20               20
                             :     100.0            100.0            100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                 Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution
                        by Category, United States 1/ 2/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             : October 9-15,  :   July 9-15,   : October 8-14,
                             :      1994      :      1995      :      1995
                             :--------------------------------------------------
                             : Number  : Pct  : Number  : Pct  : Number  : Pct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :  1,000            1,000            1,000
                             :
Benefits 3/                  :
  Housing                    :   152      17      170      16      138      14
  Meals                      :    71       8       74       7       57       6
  Bonus                      :    80       9       76       7      102      11
  Health Insurance           :   182      21      222      21      194      20
  Transportation             :    47       5       69       6       56       6
  Other Benefits             :   182      21      217      20      194      20
  Wages Only                 :   505      57      582      55      538      56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Excludes AK.
3/  All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category.
    Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement
    benefits.



HDR2012000170051114951500Agricultural Services

                             Agricultural Services

Crew leaders and custom crews provided 302,000 workers for the Nation's farms
and ranches during the week of October 8-14, 1995.  Service workers in
California numbered 98,000 compared with 91,000 during the October 1994 survey
week.  Florida's number of service workers was 5,500, compared to 7,500 last
year.

The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and
Florida were $6.93 and $7.05 per hour, respectively.  Comparable wages in
October 1994 were $6.40 in California and $7.50 in Florida.


      Agricultural Service Workers:  Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates,
                  for California, Florida, and United States 1/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :    Number of Workers    :                       :
      :    Working on Farms     :     Hours Worked      :     Wage Rates 3/
 State:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :  Oct  :  Jul   :  Oct   :  Oct  :  Jul  :  Oct  :  Oct  :  Jul  :  Oct
      : 1994  :  1995  :  1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      : -------- 1,000 -------    ----- Hours 2/ -----     Dollars per Hour 2/
      :
CA    :  91.0    93.0     98.0    39.3     41.4   33.0    6.40    6.42    6.93
FL    :   7.5     2.0      5.5    30.0     48.0   31.0    7.50    7.76    7.05
      :
US    : 279.0   348.0    302.0
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :                  Method of Pay                  :     Type of Work
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :         Hourly          :      Piece-Rate       :         Field
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :  Oct  :  Jul   :  Oct   :  Oct  :  Jul  :  Oct  :  Oct  :  Jul  :  Oct
      : 1994  :  1995  :  1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :                           Dollars per Hour 2/
      :
CA    :  5.94    5.97     5.89    7.90     8.11   8.27    6.24    6.14    6.67
FL    :  7.14    6.70     6.05    7.25       4/   7.05    6.95    6.60    6.25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom
    service units such as crew leaders or custom crews.  These statistics are
    not included in the State-Regional tables.
2/  United States data not available.
3/  Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but
    the values are not included in the wage rates.
4/  Insuffient data.



HDR2012000170051114951500Hired Workers

                    Hired Workers:  Annual Average Wage Rates
                     by Region and United States, 1994 1/ 4/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :               Type of Worker                :  Method of Pay
               :----------------------------------------------------------------
   Region 2/   : All  :      :Live- :  Field &  :Super-:     :      :Piece:
               :Hired :Field :Stock : Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly:Rate :Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
Northeast I    : 6.96   6.66   5.65     6.21     10.10   7.90  6.98   6.67  6.94
Northeast II   : 6.29   6.20   5.25     5.81      9.08   8.17  6.27     3/  6.33
Appalachian I  : 5.80   5.37   5.83     5.50      8.69     3/  5.48     3/  6.49
Appalachian II : 5.68   5.38   5.57     5.47        3/     3/  5.48     3/    3/
Southeast      : 6.11   5.60   5.90     5.66      9.98   7.04  5.80     3/  6.90
FL             : 7.04   6.30   6.60     6.33     12.33   9.64  6.23   7.09 10.38
Lake           : 6.04   6.15   5.12     5.65      9.74   7.45  6.01   6.15  6.06
Cornbelt I     : 6.44   6.20   6.12     6.18      8.57   6.18  6.25     3/  6.80
Cornbelt II    : 5.96   5.82   5.61     5.72      8.16     3/  5.81     3/  6.23
Delta          : 5.47   5.11   5.38     5.19      8.47     3/  5.25     3/  5.92
Northern Plains: 6.20   6.04   5.89     5.99      8.04   6.33  6.27     3/  6.13
Southern Plains: 5.64   5.19   5.50     5.32      8.40   6.71  5.39     3/  6.01
Mountain I     : 5.79   5.53   5.63     5.57      7.45   6.31  5.98     3/  5.63
Mountain II    : 6.20   5.67   5.58     5.62      9.27   7.02  5.78     3/  6.62
Mountain III   : 6.26   5.55   6.21     5.80      9.14     3/  5.79     3/  7.05
Pacific        : 6.71   6.36   6.83     6.41     10.04   8.17  6.22   7.49  8.51
CA             : 6.78   6.18   6.93     6.24     11.97  10.08  6.13   7.22 10.30
HI             : 9.88   8.77   8.41     8.73     15.62     3/  8.93     3/ 13.97
               :
US 5/          : 6.39   6.02   5.76     5.95      9.91   7.87  6.06   7.02  7.04
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Annual rates are averages of the published wage rates for each survey week
    weighted by the number of hours worked during the week.  The annual average
    for all States, Regions, and the U.S. is based on data collected for
    January, April, July, and October.
5/  Excludes AK.



                    Hired Workers:  Annual Average Wage Rates
                     by Region and United States, 1995 1/ 4/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :               Type of Worker                :  Method of Pay
               :----------------------------------------------------------------
   Region 2/   : All  :      :Live- :  Field &  :Super-:     :      :Piece:
               :Hired :Field :Stock : Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly:Rate :Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
Northeast I    : 6.92   6.80   5.81     6.36      9.76   7.97  7.03   6.98  6.70
Northeast II   : 6.41   6.35   5.24     5.97      9.39   7.59  6.49   6.67  6.22
Appalachian I  : 6.10   5.71   6.16     5.80      9.07     3/  5.78   6.52  6.73
Appalachian II : 5.73   5.51   5.62     5.54        3/     3/  5.62     3/    3/
Southeast      : 5.77   5.39   5.47     5.40      9.45   6.67  5.46     3/  6.35
FL             : 7.48   6.57   6.33     6.54     13.03  10.21  6.68   7.04 11.36
Lake           : 6.64   6.53   5.72     6.19      9.73   7.32  6.66   6.41  6.62
Cornbelt I     : 6.60   6.29   6.09     6.23      9.92   6.90  6.32     3/  7.19
Cornbelt II    : 6.20   5.87   5.94     5.90      8.61     3/  5.98     3/  6.80
Delta          : 5.50   5.16   5.64     5.27      9.10   6.44  5.27     3/  6.02
Northern Plains: 6.46   6.44   6.06     6.29      7.91   6.48  6.50     3/  6.40
Southern Plains: 5.83   5.32   5.78     5.50      9.17   6.63  5.44   6.06  6.32
Mountain I     : 5.94   5.66   5.96     5.76      7.36     3/  5.94     3/  5.94
Mountain II    : 6.20   5.77   5.50     5.64      8.67     3/  5.98     3/  6.40
Mountain III   : 6.39   5.78   6.09     5.87     10.46     3/  5.82     3/    3/
Pacific        : 7.16   6.77   7.38     6.82     10.55   9.24  6.50   8.05  9.38
CA             : 6.83   6.16   7.30     6.26     12.17   9.59  6.16   6.86 10.32
HI             : 9.76   8.62   8.16     8.60        3/     3/  8.84     3/    3/
               :
US 5/          : 6.54   6.13   5.99     6.09     10.27   8.11  6.19   7.03  7.29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Region map on page 21.
3/  Insufficient data.
4/  Annual rates are averages of the published wage rates for each survey week
    weighted by the number of hours worked during the week.  The annual average
    for all States, Regions, and the U.S. is based on data collected for
    January, April, July, and October.
5/  Excludes AK.



                    Hired Workers:  Annual Average Wage Rates
                     by State and United States, 1994 1/ 2/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State     :  All Hired  :    Field    :  Field & Livestock  :    Hourly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
AL             :    5.87          5.32              5.36               5.57
AZ             :    6.31          5.63              5.78               5.75
AR             :    5.77          5.37              5.53               5.58
CA             :    6.78          6.18              6.24               6.13
CO             :    6.26          5.73              5.73               5.82
DE             :    6.82          5.73              5.75               5.71
FL             :    7.04          6.30              6.33               6.23
GA             :    6.39          5.77              5.87               6.09
HI             :    9.88          8.77              8.73               8.93
ID             :    6.26          5.80              6.05               6.06
IL             :    6.66          6.35              6.19               6.41
IN             :    6.59          6.16              6.40               6.46
IA             :    6.18          6.12              5.96               6.08
KS             :    6.66          6.32              6.41               6.42
KY             :    5.41          4.84              5.14               5.04
LA             :    5.51          5.19              5.27               5.28
MD             :    6.09          6.11              5.72               5.96
MI             :    6.40          5.97              5.99               6.21
MN             :    6.44          6.57              6.04               6.65
MS             :    5.10          4.68              4.75               4.90
MO             :    5.70          5.55              5.44               5.58
MT             :    5.26          5.06              5.01               5.44
NE             :    6.02          5.76              5.82               5.81
NV             :    6.31          5.82              5.48               6.10
NJ             :    7.22          6.52              6.67               6.53
NM             :    6.16          5.29              5.84               5.90
NY             :    6.61          6.35              6.07               6.72
NC             :    5.70          5.26              5.41               5.37
ND             :    6.50          6.78              6.37               7.09
OH             :    6.12          6.04              5.96               5.91
OK             :    5.91          5.50              5.62               5.64
OR             :    6.42          6.02              6.00               6.15
PA             :    5.82          6.07              5.41               6.25
SC             :    5.54          5.39              5.39               5.43
SD             :    5.30          5.05              5.09               5.82
TN             :    6.16          6.29              5.99               6.09
TX             :    5.59          5.15              5.26               5.34
UT             :    6.04          5.52              5.45               5.60
VA             :    5.99          5.65              5.69               5.75
WA             :    6.85          6.50              6.60               6.25
WV             :    5.47          5.57              5.36               5.38
WI             :    5.39          5.94              5.10               5.42
WY             :    5.17          5.02              4.95               6.11
               :
Oth Sts 3/     :    7.32          7.02              6.37               7.27
               :
US 4/          :    6.39          6.02              5.95               6.06
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Annual rates are averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by
    the number of hours worked during the week.  The annual average is based on
    data collected for January, April, July, and October.
3/  Includes CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT.
4/  Excludes AK.


                    Hired Workers:  Annual Average Wage Rates
                     by State and United States, 1995 1/ 2/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     State     :  All Hired  :    Field    :  Field & Livestock  :    Hourly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour
               :
AL             :    5.53          5.21              5.23               5.23
AZ             :    6.50          5.78              5.82               5.83
AR             :    5.63          5.34              5.47               5.54
CA             :    6.83          6.16              6.26               6.16
CO             :    6.48          5.81              5.83               5.99
DE             :    6.36          6.01              5.91               6.46
FL             :    7.48          6.57              6.54               6.68
GA             :    6.11          5.58              5.61               5.97
HI             :    9.76          8.62              8.60               8.84
ID             :    6.09          5.72              5.90               5.96
IL             :    6.66          6.47              6.34               6.32
IN             :    6.85          6.24              6.37               6.59
IA             :    6.28          5.99              6.03               6.12
KS             :    6.84          6.64              6.60               6.60
KY             :    5.72          5.40              5.52               5.46
LA             :    5.53          5.19              5.28               5.36
MD             :    6.26          6.27              5.84               6.56
MI             :    6.64          6.40              6.33               6.54
MN             :    6.91          6.84              6.61               7.17
MS             :    5.34          4.88              5.05               4.99
MO             :    6.10          5.78              5.74               5.83
MT             :    5.66          5.50              5.54               5.65
NE             :    6.32          6.34              6.25               6.49
NV             :    6.10          5.67              5.47               6.12
NJ             :    7.42          6.74              6.77               6.86
NM             :    6.16          5.77              5.97               5.78
NY             :    6.54          6.68              6.20               6.70
NC             :    5.99          5.52              5.66               5.62
ND             :    6.44          6.47              6.27               6.56
OH             :    6.39          6.08              6.00               6.17
OK             :    6.27          5.72              5.81               5.94
OR             :    6.74          6.33              6.33               6.16
PA             :    6.07          6.18              5.71               6.30
SC             :    5.28          5.16              5.18               5.02
SD             :    5.82          5.94              5.68               6.02
TN             :    5.87          5.64              5.67               5.78
TX             :    5.74          5.25              5.45               5.35
UT             :    5.59          5.72              5.35               5.88
VA             :    6.28          6.03              6.02               6.07
WA             :    7.48          7.08              7.18               6.77
WV             :    5.15          5.33              5.13               5.35
WI             :    6.46          6.47              5.79               6.49
WY             :    5.80          5.58              5.58               6.14
               :
Oth Sts 3/     :    7.34          6.93              6.56               7.35
               :
US 4/          :    6.54          6.13              6.09               6.19
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.
2/  Annual rates are averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by
    the number of hours worked during the week.  The annual average is based on
    data collected for January, April, July, and October.
3/  Includes CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, and VT.
4/  Excludes AK.


HDR2012000170051114951500Farm Labor Regions

                               Farm Labor Regions


    Region                   States

      Northeast I              CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT.
      Northeast II             DE, MD, NJ, PA.
      Appalachian I            NC, VA.
      Appalachian II           KY, TN, WV.
      Southeast                AL, GA, SC.
      Lake                     MI, MN, WI.
      Cornbelt I               IL, IN, OH.
      Cornbelt II              IA, MO.
      Delta                    AR, LA, MS.
      Northern Plains          KS, NE, ND, SD.
      Southern Plains          OK, TX.
      Mountain I               ID, MT, WY.
      Mountain II              CO, NV, UT.
      Mountain III             AZ, NM.
      Pacific                  OR, WA.



HDR2012000170051114951500Reliability

                       Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates

Survey Procedures:  These data were collected by the National Agricultural
                    Statistics Service during the last two weeks of October
using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a
chance of being selected.

Two samples of farm operators are selected.  First, NASS maintains a list of
farms that hire farm workers.  Farms on this list are classified by size and
type.  Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with
greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers.  A second sample consists
of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography.  Each June,
highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every
farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries.  The names of farms
found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not
found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms
not on the NASS list.  This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling,
with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list.
Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and
Florida.  The survey reference week was October 8-14, 1995.


Reliability:  Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an
              estimate based on a sample survey.  Both types affect the
"precision" of the estimates.

Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken.  The sampling
error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible
samples.  An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances
are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together
would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus
two times the sampling error.  The sampling error expressed as a percent of the
estimate is called the relative sampling error.  The relative sampling error for
number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 2.0 percent and
2.8 percent for all hired workers.  The relative sampling error for number of
hired workers generally ranged between 9 and 18 percent at the regional and
12 and 25 percent at the published State level.  The U.S. all hired farm worker
wage rate had a relative sampling error of 1.3 percent.  The relative sampling
error was 1.4 percent for hourly paid workers and 1.2 percent for the combined
field and livestock worker wage rate.  Relative sampling errors for the all
hired farm worker wage rate generally ranged between 2 and 7 percent at the
regional and published State levels.  Relative sampling errors for wage rates
published by type of farm and economic class of farm ranged between 2 and
10 percent at the regional level.  The relative sampling errors for hired
workers benefits ranged between 10 and 20 percent.

Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys.
They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each
operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and
mistakes in coding or processing the data.  Special efforts are taken at each
step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors.


Revision Policy:  Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time
                  the information is published or the year after the original



publication date.  The basis for revision must be supported by additional data
that directly affect the level of the estimate.  Worker numbers and wage rates
for July, 1995 and October, 1994 were subject to revision with this report.  No
revisions were made but previous data are reprinted in this report for your
information.


Annual Average Wage Rates:  Included with this report are the annual average
                            wage rates for 1994 and 1995.  Annual rates are the
averages of the wage rates for each survey week weighted by the total number of
hours worked during the week.  The survey weeks include the 12th of the month
for January, April, July, and October.  Combining data for the four survey weeks
provides a large enough sample to permit publication of some wages at the State
level.  Annual wage rates for both 1994 and 1995 are published at the regional
and U.S. level for the all hired wage rate and the wage rates by method of pay
and type of worker.  For 1994 and 1995, annual wage rate information is
published at the State level for the all hired wage rate, the hourly wage rate,
the field worker wage rate, and the combined field and livestock worker wage
rate.  For 1995, the relative sampling error, at the U.S. level, was 1.0 percent
for all hired workers.  The relative sampling error was 1.1 percent for hourly
paid workers and was 1.1 percent for the combined field and livestock worker
wage rate.  The relative sampling error for all hired farm workers, hourly paid
workers, and the combined field and livestock worker wage rates generally ranged
between 2 and 6 percent at the regional level and 2 to 10 percent at the State
level.


HDR2012000170051114951500Index

                                      Index


                                                                          Page


U.S. Workers on Farms, Hours Worked and, Wage Rates .................      3


Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S.
  October 1995 .......................................................      4
  July 1995 ..........................................................      7
  October 1994 .......................................................     10


Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S.
  October 1995 .......................................................      5
  July 1995 ..........................................................      8
  October 1994 .......................................................     11


Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S.
  October 1995 .......................................................      5
  July 1995 ..........................................................      8
  October 1994 .......................................................     11
  Annual Average 1994 ................................................     17
  Annual Average 1995 ................................................     18


Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages
  October 1995 .......................................................     16
  July 1995 ..........................................................     16
  October 1994 .......................................................     16


Other Labor Estimates
  Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............     13
  Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States...     13
  U.S. Distribution of Workers .......................................     14


Farm Labor Region Map ................................................     21


Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates ..................................     22


Revision Policy ......................................................     22



The February 13th report will have information for the survey week of January 7-
13, 1996.  The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired
Workers, Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage
Rates for 16 States along with regional and U.S. level information.  State level
information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii,
Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.  The hourly method of
pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be
available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level.  The number of
self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours
worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional
and U.S. level.  Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and
economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level.
The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates
(including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for Florida
and California.


The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on February 13, 1996.


The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in
its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age,
disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status.  Persons with
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA
Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).

To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington,
D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD).  USDA is
an equal employment opportunity employer.


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