Compensation Expenditures 

and

Payroll Hours

Motor Passenger Transportation 

Industries, 1964

B u lletin N o . 1561

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

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BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES

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REGION III—SOUTHERN

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A tlanta, G a. 30309 

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REGION V—WESTERN

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Compensation Expenditures 

and

Payroll Hours

Motor Passenger Transportation 

Industries, 1964

Bulletin N o. 1561

September 1967

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Preface

T h e c o n c e p t o f e m p lo y e e c o m p e n s a tio n h a s b e e n 

b r o a d e n e d c o n s id e r a b ly in th e p a s t s e v e r a l d e c a d e s b y th e 

a d o p tio n o r lib e r a liz a t io n o f s u p p le m e n ta r y p a y p r a c t i c e s . 

S t a t is t ic s on s tr a ig h t -tim e w a g e s f o r tim e w o r k e d n o lo n g e r 

s u ffic ie n t ly a p p r o x im a t e th e le v e l o f e m p lo y e r p a y m e n ts f o r 

h ir e d la b o r . T h e r e f o r e , it is im p o r ta n t to a c c o u n t f o r su ch 

o u tla y s as v a c a tio n and h o lid a y p a y , d a ily o r w e e k ly o v e r ­

tim e and s h ift d if fe r e n t ia ls , te r m in a l (s e v e r a n c e ) p a y , c o n ­

tr ib u t io n s to p r iv a t e p e n s io n and h e a lth and w e lfa r e fu n d s , 

and p a y m e n ts u n d e r le g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s .

T h is b u lle tin a n a ly z e s th e le v e l and s t r u c t u r e o f e m ­

p lo y e r o u tla y s f o r th e c o m p e n s a tio n o f e m p lo y e e s , c o n ­

s id e r in g th e e x p e n d itu r e s f o r e a ch c o m p o n e n t as a p e r c e n t 

o f to ta l c o m p e n s a tio n o u tla y s and in c e n t s - p e r - h o u r . F u r ­

t h e r m o r e , the r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f w o r k in g and le a v e 

h o u r s as p e r c e n t s o f to ta l h o u r s p a id f o r is d is c u s s e d .

T h is stu d y o f the m o t o r p a s s e n g e r t r a n s p o r ta tio n 

in d u s t r ie s is p a r t o f th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s p r o ­

g r a m o f s tu d ie s o f e m p lo y e r e x p e n d itu r e s f o r s u p p le m e n ­

ta r y c o m p e n s a tio n p r a c t i c e s . A l i s t o f p r e v io u s ly is s u e d 

r e p o r t s is fou n d at th e end o f th is b u lle tin .

T h e stu d y w a s c o n d u c te d in the B u r e a u 's O ffic e o f 

W a g e s and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s b y th e D iv is io n o f N a tio n a l 

W a ge and S a la r y I n c o m e , N o rm a n J . S a m u e ls , C h ie f. T h e 

a n a ly s is w a s p r e p a r e d b y R o b e r t E . P o p e u n d e r th e g e n e r a l 

d ir e c t io n o f A r n o ld S t r a s s e r .

iii

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Contents

Page

Chapter 1. Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 1

Chapter 2. L oca l t r a n s it ________________________________________________________________________ 6

L ev el and stru ctu re of co m p e n sa tio n _______________________________________________________ 6

P revalen ce of supplem ents ___________________________________________________________________ 8

Paid leave ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8

Paid vacation s and h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Sick leave and other paid le a v e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10

P rem iu m paym ents ___________________________________________________________________________ 10

N onproduction bonuses and term in al paym ents ____________________________________________ 10

L egally requ ired insurance p r o g r a m s _______________________________________________________ 10

P rivate w elfare plans _________________________________________________________________________ 11

L ife, accid en t, and health insurance ____________________________________________________ 12

P ension and retirem en t p la n s_____________________________________________________________ 12

Chapter 3. In tercity b u s e s ______________________________________________________________________ 18

L ev el and stru ctu re of co m p e n sa tio n _______________________________________________________ 18

P reva len ce of supplem ents ___________________________________________________________________ 18

P aid leave ______________________________________________________________________________________ 18

P aid vacations and holidays ______________________________________________________________ 21

Sick leave and other paid le a v e ___________________________________________________________ 21

P rem iu m paym ents ___________________________________________________________________________ 21

N onproduction bonuses and term in al paym ents ____________________________________________ 22

L egally requ ired insurance p r o g r a m s _______________________________________________________ 22

P rivate w elfare plans _________________________________________________________________________ 22

L ife, accid en t, and health insurance ____________________________________________________ 23

P ension and retirem en t p la n s_____________________________________________________________ 23

Chapter 4. T a x ica b s _____________________________________________________________________________ 28

L evel and stru ctu re of co m p e n sa tio n _______________________________________________________ 28

P reva len ce of supplem ents ___________________________________________________________________ 28

P aid leave ______________________________________________________________________________________ 30

P rem iu m paym ents ___________________________________________________________________________ 30

N onproduction b o n u s e s ________________________ 30

L ega lly requ ired insurance p r o g r a m s _______________________________________________________ 30

P rivate w elfare plans _________________________________________________________________________ 32

Chapter 5. C om p osition of p a yroll h o u r s _________________________.____________________________ 37

P aid leave h o u r s _______________________________________________________________________________ 37

P aid vacation p r a c t ic e s _______________________________________________________________________ 37

P aid holiday p ra ctice s ________________________________________________________________________ 37

N orm al w orkw eek p r a c t ic e s __________________________________________________________________ 38

C h arts:

1. L ev el of com pen sation, m otor p assen ger transportation in d u stries, 1964 ________ 3

2. The stru ctu re of com pen sation, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 _________________________________ 7

3. E m p loyer expenditures fo r supplem entary com pen sation fo r operating and

nonoperating e m p lo y e e s, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 ________________________________________ 9

4. The stru ctu re of com pen sation, in tercity b u s e s , 1964 _______________________________ 19

5. E m ployer expenditures fo r supplem entary com pen sation fo r operating and

nonoperating em p loyees , in tercity bu ses , 1964 _____________________ _______________ 20

6. The stru ctu re of com pensation, ta xica b s, 1964 _______________________________________ 29

7. E m p loyer expenditures fo r supplem entary com pen sation fo r operating and

nonoperating em p loyees, taxica b s, 1964 _____________________________________________ 31

iv

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Contents— Continued

T a b le s:

Chapter 1. Introduction

1. E m ployer expenditures for the com pen sation of em p loyees,

m otor p assen ger tran sportation in d u stries, 1964 ___________________________________ 5

Chapter 2. L oca l tran sit

2. E m ployer expenditures for the com pen sation of em p loyees,

lo ca l tran sit, 1964 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

3. P ercen t distribu tion o f all em p loyees by em p loyer expenditures

fo r selected com pen sation p r a c tic e s , as a p ercen t of 

total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of em p loyees,

lo ca l tran sit, 1964 ---------------- 15

4. P e rce n t distribu tion of operating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s , as a 

p ercen t of total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of

em p loyees, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 _______________________________________________________ 15

5. P ercen t distribu tion of nonoperating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s , as a 

p ercen t of total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of

e m p loyees, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 _______________________________________________________ 16

6. P ercen t distribu tion of all em p loyees by em p loyer expenditures

fo r sele cte d com pen sation p r a c tic e s , in cents per paid hour,

lo ca l tran sit, 1964 _____________________________________________________________________ 16

7. P e rce n t distribu tion of operating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s ,

in cents per paid hour, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 ___________________________________________ 17

8. P ercen t distribu tion of nonoperating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p r a ctice s ,

in cents p er paid hour, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 ___________________________________________ 17

Chapter 3. In tercity buses

9. E m p loyer expenditures for the com pen sation of em p loyees,

in tercity b u ses, 1964 __________________________________________________________________ 24

10. P ercen t distribu tion of all em p loyees by em p loyer expenditures

fo r sele cte d com pen sation p r a c tic e s , as a p ercen t of 

total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of em p loyees,

in tercity b u ses, 1964 __________________________________________________________________ 25

11. P ercen t distribu tion o f operating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p r a c tic e s , as a 

p ercen t of total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of

e m p loyees, in tercity b u s e s , 1964 ______________________________________________________ 25

12. P ercen t distribu tion of nonoperating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s , as a 

p ercen t of total expenditures fo r the com pensation of

em p loyees, in tercity b u s e s , 1964 ______________________________________________________ 26

13. P ercen t distribu tion o f all em p loyees by em p loyer expenditures

fo r se le cte d com pen sation p r a c tic e s , in cents p er paid hour,

in tercity b u ses, 1964 __________________________________________________________________ 26

14. P ercen t distribu tion o f operating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s ,

in cents p er paid hour, in tercity b u s e s , 1964 ________________________________________ 27

15. P ercen t distribu tion of nonoperating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s ,

in cents p er paid hour, in tercity b u s e s , 1964 ________________________________________ 27

Page

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Contents— Continued

Page

T able s— Continued

Chapter 4. T axicabs

16. E m p loyer expenditures fo r the com pen sation o f e m p loy ees,

ta xica b s, 1964 _____________________________________________________________ — ----------------- 33

17. P ercen t d istribu tion of all em p loyees b y em p loyer expenditures

fo r se le cte d com pen sation p r a c tic e s , as a p ercen t of 

total expenditures fo r the com pensation of e m p loy ees,

ta xica b s, 1964 _______________________________________________________________ 34

18. P ercen t distribu tion o f operating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p r a c tic e s , as a 

p ercen t of total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of

e m p loy ees, taxica b s, 1964 ____________________________________________________________ 34

19. P e rce n t distribution of nonoperating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p r a c tic e s , as a 

p ercen t of total expenditures fo r the com pen sation of

e m p loyees, ta xica b s, 1964 ____________________________________________________________ 35

20. P e rce n t distribu tion of all em p loyees by em p loyer expenditures

fo r sele cte d com pen sation p r a c tic e s , in cents p er paid hour,

21. P e rce n t d istribu tion of operating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p r a c tic e s ,

in cents p er paid hour, taxica b s, 1964 ________________________________________________ 36

22. P e rce n t d istribu tion o f nonoperating em p loyees by em p loyer

expenditures fo r selected com pen sation p ra ctice s ,

in cents p er paid hour, taxica b s, 1964 ________________________________________________ 36

Chapter 5. C om p osition o f p a y ro ll hours

23. C om position of p a y roll h ou rs, m otor p assen ger

tran sportation in d u stries, 1964 _______________________________________________________ 39

24. P ercen t distribu tion o f em p loyees by paid leave hours as a

p ercen t o f total paid h ou rs, m otor p assen ger

tran sportation in d u stries, 1964 _______________________________________________________ 40

25. P e rce n t distribu tion of em p loyees by paid leave hours as a

p ercen t o f total paid h ou rs, lo ca l tran sit, 1964 __________________________________ 40

26. P e rce n t d istribu tion o f em p loyees by paid leave hours as a

p ercen t o f total paid h ou rs, in tercity b u ses, 1964 ________________________________ 41

27. P ercen t d istribu tion of em p loyees by paid leave hours as a

p ercen t o f total paid h ou rs, ta xica b s, 1964 ________________________________________ 41

28. P ercen t d istribu tion of em p loyees receiv in g vacation pay

by num ber of w eeks paid fo r , m otor p assen ger

tran sportation in d u stries, 1964 _______________________________________________________ 42

29. P ercen t distribu tion of em p loyees by num ber of paid h olidays,

m otor p a ssen g er tran sportation in d u stries, 1964 _______________________________ __ 42

30. P ercen t distribu tion of nonoperating em p loyees by n orm al

w orkw eek fo r a m a jority of e m p loyees, m otor

p a ssen ger transportation in d u stries, 1964 __________________________________________ 43

A ppendixes:

A. E xpenditures as p rop ortion s o f p a y r o ll________________________________________________ 45

B. Scope and m ethod of s u r v e y _____________________________________________________________ 47

C. Q uestionnaire ______________________________________________________________________________ 49

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Compensation Expenditures and Payroll Hours

Motor Passenger Transportation, 1964

Chapter 1.

C om p en sa tion 1 outlays of m otor p a sse n ­

ger tran sportation e m p lo y e r s 2 am ounted to 

$ 2 .4 4 fo r each 1964 hour o f w orking t im e .3 

T h irty-eigh t cents (16 percen t) o f these e x ­

penditures w ere fo r supplem ents to straigh ttim e pay fo r w orking tim e; 23 cents o f which 

w ere fo r lega lly requ ired insu ran ce p rog ra m s 

and p rivate w elfa re p la n s, and 15 cents w ere 

fo r p a y roll supplem ents, such as paid leave, 

prem iu m pay, bon u ses, and term in al pay.

The m otor p a ssen ger tran sportation in ­

du stry group is m ade up of sev era l d iv erse 

in du stries— all o f w hich are bound together 

by one com m on attribute— the op eration and 

m aintenance o f a p a ssen ger ca rry in g m otor 

v eh icle. Although th eir m ode o f operation 

v a ries grea tly and th eir pay p ra ctice s d iffe r w idely, each industry has this com m on 

attribute.

M ost o f the m otor p a ssen ger tra n sp orta ­

tion industry em ploym ent and com pensation 

outlays during 1964 w ere in the lo ca l tran sit, 

in tercity bu s, and taxicab in d u stries. The 

three in du stries accounted fo r 85 p ercen t of 

all m otor p a ssen g er tran sportation industry 

em ploym ent and 92 p ercen t of all com p en sa ­

tion expenditures. T axicabs constituted 

40 p ercen t of all industry em ploym ent; loca l 

tran sit alm ost 30 p ercen t; and in tercity buses 

about 15 p ercen t. The makeup o f aggregate 

com pen sation was som ew hat d ifferen t; taxicab 

outlays being only 30 p ercen t o f the total, 

while lo ca l tran sit outlays w ere 38 p ercen t,

1 Compensation, for purposes of this study, is defined as

the sum of the payments, subject to Federal withholding taxes,

that were made by employers directly to their employees, before

deductions of any type, and the expenditures made by employers

for legally required insurance programs and private welfare plans

to provide the worker with full or partial economic security

against a future contingency (e. g. , unemployment, retirement,

medical expenses, etc. ).

2 The motor passenger transportation industry group includes

privately owned companies classified, in accordance with the

1957 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and

the 1963 Supplement, in SIC 41— Local and Suburban Transit and

Interurban Highway Passenger Transportation. This major industry

group includes local and suburban transit, taxicabs, intercity bus

lines, charter bus services, school buses, and small miscellaneous

industries such as ambulances, limousine rental, etc. Publicly

owned companies are excluded from this industry classification

and hence were not in the scope of the survey.

Introduction

and in tercity buses 24 p ercen t. The re st of 

the em ploym ent and com pen sation outlays 

in the m otor p assen ger tran sportation in d u strie s w ere spread among the school bu s, 

ch arter bu s, am bulance, and lim ou sin e rental 

segm en ts.

In 1964, ap p roxim ately tw o-th ird s o f all 

em p loyees in p riv a tely owned lo ca l tran sit 

com panies w ere d riv e rs ; the rem aining on ethird w ere n on su p erv isory c le r ic a l (7 p e r ­

cent); execu tive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and su p e rv is o ry employees (7 p ercen t); and other 

n on su p ervisory nonoperating em ployees (19 

p ercen t). A lm ost all lo ca l tran sit em ployees 

w ere paid either by the hour or w ere sa la ried . 

Both operating and nonoperating em p loyees in 

the lo ca l tran sit industry w ere h eavily unioniz e d ;4 * 85 p ercen t o f all bu sd riv ers and 75 

p ercen t o f a ll nonoperating em p loyees w ere 

in com panies in which the m a jority of such 

w ork ers w ere cov ered by bargaining a g r e e ­

m ents.

The in tercity bus industry, in term s o f 

em ploym ent, is the sm a llest o f the th ree 

m a jor m otor p a ssen ger tran sportation in du strie s. B u sd rivers constitute ju st ov er on ehalf o f total industry em ploym ent with n onsu p erv isory c le r ic a l (8 p ercen t); execu tive, 

p ro fe ssio n a l, and su p e rv iso ry (7 p ercen t); and 

other n on su p ervisory nonoperating em p loy ­

ees (31 percen t) m aking up the remainder. 

Slightly ov er th ree-q u a rters o f a ll d riv e rs 

and seven-tenths o f all nonoperating em p loy ­

ees w ere em ployed in com panies w here a 

m a jority o f the em p loyees w ere cov ered by 

c o lle ctiv e ly bargained agreem en ts. In this 

industry, nonoperating em p loyees u su ally are 

paid on an h ou rly or salaried b a sis; d riv e rs 

are n orm ally paid on a c e n ts -p e r -m ile b a sis.

3 Paid hours consist of aggregate hours worked and paid

leave hours, rest periods, coffee breaks, machine downtime, and

other nonleave hours paid for but not worked, for which employers

made direct payments to workers during the year. See appendix C

(p. 57) for a more detailed definition of total man-hours for operating employees. Working time excludes paid leave hours.

4 The term "union" and the phrase "collective bargaining

agreement covering a majority of nonsupervisory employees" are

used synonymously in this report. Similarly, the term "nonunion"

and the phrase "collective bargaining agreement covering none or

a minority of nonsupervisory em ployees" are also used synonymously in this report.

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2

T axicab w ork ers m ake up ap p roxim ately 

40 p ercen t of all em ploym ent in m otor p a s ­

sen ger tran sportation . 5 Com panies v a ry in 

size from an independent o n e -d riv e r o p e ra ­

tion to a large fleet cab com pany em ploying 

sev era l thousand w o rk e rs. C abdrivers co n ­

stitute alm ost 85 p ercen t of total industry 

em ploym ent; the rem aining 15 p ercen t being 

n on su p ervisory c le r ic a l (4 p ercen t); e x e cu ­

tive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and su p erv isory (3 p e r ­

cent); and other n on su p ervisory nonoperating 

em ployees (8 p ercen t). M ost of the d riv ers 

are paid on a com m ission basis (com puted on 

the basis of a sp ecified p ercen tage of m eter 

re ce ip ts); other industry em p loyees, such as 

disp atch ers, and m aintenance and su p erv isory 

w ork ers are paid on an h ourly or salaried 

b a sis. M ost of the w ork ers in the taxicab 

industry w ere still unorganized in 1964. 

F ew er than on e-th ird of all ca b d riv ers and 

less than on e-six th of the nonoperating em ­

p loyees w ere in com panies in w hich a m a ­

jo rity o f w ork ers w ere cov ered by negotiated 

agreem en ts.

The com pensation expenditures per paid 

hour am ong the m a jor segm ents of the m otor 

p a ssen ger tran sportation industry re fle ct the 

differen t p o lic ie s , p r a c tic e s , em ploym ent p attern s, and union status, am ong other fa cto rs , 

in the segm en ts. E m p loyers in the in tercity 

bus and lo ca l tran sit in du stries had expen ditures of $ 3 .3 9 and $2.92 an hour, r e s p e c ­

tively; em p loyers in the taxicab industry e x ­

pended only $1.59 a paid hour. The lo ca l 

transit and in tercity bus in d u stries, which 

had higher com pen sation outlays p er paid 

hour, had low er ratios o f w orking hours to 

total paid hours (92 p ercen t each) than the 

taxicab industry (98 p ercen t), which had low er 

com pensation outlays p er paid hour.

The d ifferen ces in com pensation outlays 

in the m otor p a ssen ger transportation in du stry are even m ore m arked when individual 

com pany expenditures are exam ined. In the 

total industry, com panies em ploying about 

on e-h a lf of the w ork ers expended $2. 15 a 

paid hour or m o re . This amount was w eighed 

h eavily by taxicab com panies w here the 

m edian outlay was $1.63 con trasted with 

$3.08 in the lo ca l tran sit and $3.25 in the 

in tercity bus segm ent.

The follow in g tabulation shows the m iddle 

5 0 -p ercen t range and m edian expenditures, 

in cents p er paid hour, in the m otor p a s ­

sen ger tran sportation in du stries during 1964.

Some taxicab companies explained that a sizable propor

tion of their employment was part time.

Company

expenditures

per paid hour

Industry and employee group

Middle

50 percent1 Median*

Motor passenger industries:

A ll em ployees---------------------------- $1. 6 3 -$ 3 . 05 $2. 15

Operating em ploy ees---------------- 1 .5 4 - 2 .8 5 1 .8 5

Nonoperating employees --------- 2 .2 5 - 3 .4 3 2. 83

Local transit:

A ll em ployees---------------------------- 2 .5 4 - 3 .2 8 3 .0 8

Operating em ploy ees---------------- 2 .4 7 - 3 .2 5 3 .0 2

Nonoperating em ploy ees--------- 2 .7 8 - 3 .4 9 3. 37

Intercity buses:

A ll employees — ----------------------- 2 .7 3 - 4. 18 3. 25

Operating em ploy ees---------------- 2. 5 1 - 4 .8 8 3 .3 2

Nonoperating employees --------- 2 .4 4 - 3 .4 9 3. 11

Taxicabs:

A ll em ployees---------------------------- 1 .3 1 - 1 .9 2 1.63

Operating em ploy ees---------------- 1 .2 7 - 1 .7 4 1 .5 6

Nonoperating em ploy ees--------- 1 .5 5 - 2 .7 2 2. 07

The middle range was determined by expenditures in the

companies that cumulatively employed workers at the 25th and

75th percentiles. These two points were selected from an ascending magnitude array of company employment ranked by com ­

pensation outlays.

^ One-half of the workers were employed by companies

whose expenditures were below this value, and one-half were

employed by companies having expenditures above this value.

In some cases, however, there may be a clustering of observations

at the median value.

C om pensation fo r operating em ployees 

(d riv e rs) in the m otor p a ssen ger tra n sp orta ­

tion in d u stry 6 amounted to $2.17 fo r each 

paid hour. N in ety-on e p ercen t ($1.97) o f 

these em p loyer expenditures con sisted of d ire ct paym ents to w o rk e rs, o f which $1.84 

w ere payments at stra ig h t-tim e rates fo r 

w orking tim e, and 13 cents w ere expenditures 

for leave tim e; prem iu m s fo r o v ertim e, w eek ­

end, h oliday, and shift w ork; nonproduction 

bon uses; and term in al paym ents. The r e ­

m aining 20 cents— 9 p ercen t of all com p en ­

sation expenditures— was fo r leg a lly requ ired 

in su ran ce p rog ra m s and private welfare 

plans.

Expenditures for the com pensation of 

nonoperating em p loyees in the industry group 

amounted to $2.75 a paid hour— 58 cents an 

hour higher than the com pen sation outlays for 

operating em p loyees. The sam e p rop ortion 

o f these expenditures (91 percen t) was fo r 

d ire ct paym ents to nonoperating em p loyees 

as was reported fo r operating em p loyees. 

Two d olla rs and tw enty-eight cents a paid 

hour was fo r expenditures at stra igh t-tim e 

rates for w orking tim e, and 21 cents w ere 

expenditures fo r leave tim e; prem iu m s fo r 

ov ertim e, w eekend, h oliday, and shift w ork;

6 The terms "operating employees" and "drivers" are used

synonymously in this report since the term "operating em ployees"

includes only drivers or drivers' helpers. A ll other employees

were classified as "nonoperating personnel. "

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 1. LEVEL OF COMPENSATION, MOTOR PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

INDUSTRIES, 1964

CENTS PER PAID HOUR

$4.00

3.50 -

3.00

2.50 -

2.00

1.50 -

1.00 -

.50

SUPPLEMENTS

STRAIGHT-TIME PAY FOR WORKING TIME

18.4%

16.6%

10.5%

15.9%

18.2%

All Oper. Nonoper. All Oper. Nonoper.

Taxicabs Motor Passenger Trans-,

portation Industry Groups

-J Includes data for industries not presented separately.

All Oper. Nonoper.

Local Transit

All Oper. Nonoper.

Intercity Buses

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4

nonproduction bon uses; and terminal p a y ­

m ents. N on payroll expenditures of 26 cents 

a paid hour w ere rep orted fo r lega lly r e ­

quired in su ran ce p rog ra m s and private w e lfare plans.

Both total com pen sation outlays and e x ­

penditures fo r supplem ents w ere grea ter in 

la rge com panies than in sm all com p an ies. 

T here a lso appeared to be a c lo s e rela tion ­

ship betw een the stra igh t-tim e levels o f e m ­

p loy ees earnings fo r tim e w orked, and the 

amount of m oney expended for supplem ents; 

com panies w hich had low er average h ourly 

earnings had sm a ller outlays fo r supplem ents 

than com panies w hose em p loyees had higher 

average h ourly earnings. Significant d iffe r ­

en ces are a lso found when com panies are 

com pared on the basis of the union status of 

the m a jority o f their operating and n on op erating em p loyees. C om pensation expenditures 

fo r union d riv e rs w ere about 80 percent 

higher than fo r nonunion d r iv e r s , and e x ­

penditures fo r union nonoperating p erson n el 

w ere alm ost 30 p ercen t h igher than those fo r 

nonunion nonoperating p erson n el.

A ll m otor p a ssen ger tran sportation in ­

dustry em ployees w ere in com panies that paid 

fo r legally requ ired in surance p ro g ra m s; 

nine-tenths w ere in com pan ies providin g leave 

paym ents; th ree-fou rth s in com panies m aking 

p rivate w elfa re expenditures; and slightly 

o v er on e-h a lf in com panies p rovid in g p r e ­

m ium paym ents. In gen eral, expenditures 

fo r the supplem ents to stra igh t-tim e pay fo r 

w orking tim e, except fo r bonuses and the 

leg a lly requ ired in su ra n ces, w ere m o re p r e v ­

alent fo r nonoperating em p loyees than fo r o p ­

erating em p loyees.

N in ety-five p ercen t or m ore o f a ll e m ­

p lo y e e s, in both the lo ca l tran sit and in te rcity bus in d u stries, w ere in com panies which 

provid ed paid lea v e, p rem iu m paym en ts, and 

private w elfa re expenditures; less than 25 

p ercen t of all em p loyees in both in du stries 

w ere in com pan ies which paid bonuses or 

term in al pay. The p reva len ce of expen ditu res fo r supplem entary com pensation in the 

taxicab in du stry, varied con sid era b ly from 

the two bus in d u stries: A lm ost 85 p ercen t

of all taxi em p loyees w orked for com panies 

providin g paid leave; 70 p ercen t w orked fo r 

com pan ies m aking p rivate w elfare paym ents; 

sligh tly ov er 50 p ercen t w orked for com p a ­

nies who paid nonproduction bon uses; and ju st 

ov er 25 p ercen t w orked fo r com pan ies m aking prem iu m paym ents.

In com parin g lo ca l transit 7 and in tercity 

b u ses, the in tercity bus industry had g rea ter 

expenditures p er paid hour for both aggregate 

com pen sation and fo r supplem ents. E m p loyers in the in tercity bus industry had expen ditures amounting to $3.39 fo r each hour fo r 

which em ployees w ere paid during 1964 as 

com p ared with $2.92 in the lo ca l tran sit in ­

dustry. This d ifferen ce in the lev el of e x ­

penditures was due alm ost en tirely to d ifferen t levels o f com pensation outlays fo r 

operating em ployees in the two in d u stries; 

both in du stries had sim ila r lev els o f c o m ­

pensation expenditures (about $3 a paid hour) 

fo r their nonoperating em p loyees. The e x ­

penditures ($3.79 an hour) fo r the com p en ­

sation o f d riv e rs in the in tercity bus industry 

was 97 cents a paid hour higher than those 

fo r d riv e rs in the lo ca l tran sit industry ($2.82 

an hour). M ost of these higher expenditures 

(81 cents) w ere paym ents fo r straigh t-tim e 

pay fo r w orking tim e; the rem aining 16 cents 

w ere fo r paid supplem ents.

The stru ctu re of expenditures fo r supplem ents was v e ry sim ila r in both in d u stries. 

Both had paid leave expenditures o f alm ost 

7 p ercen t o f total com pen sation; private w e lfa re expenditures o f betw een 6 to 6. 5 p e r ­

cent; p rem iu m paym ents o f under 2 p ercen t; 

legally requ ired paym ents o f around 4 p e r ­

cent; and both had very low expenditures 

(under 0. 3 p ercen t) fo r nonproduction bonuses 

and term in al pay.

The taxicab in du stry had a rather unusual 

com pen sation expenditure pattern in relation 

to the two other m a jor m otor p a ssen ger in ­

d u stries. M ost o f the taxicab com pan ies 

com pen sation expenditures o f $1.59 a paid 

hour w ere stra igh t-tim e paym ents fo r w ork ­

ing tim e; supplem ents to stra igh t-tim e pay 

fo r w orking tim e m ade up only 11 p ercen t 

(17 cents p er paid hour) of a ll com pen sation 

outlays. Of these supplem ental expenditures , 

60 p ercen t w ere fo r leg a lly requ ired p r o ­

gram s (i. e. , so cia l secu rity , unem ploym ent 

com pen sation in su ran ce, and w ork m en ’ s c o m ­

pensation); only 40 p ercen t w ere fo r com pany 

initiated or co lle ctiv e ly bargained su p p lem en ts. The m a jor d iffe re n ce in the stru ctu re 

o f com pen sation expenditures in the industry 

was betw een the operating (ca b d riv ers) and 

nonoperating em p loyees. E m ployers in the 

industry expended $2.17 fo r each hour fo r 

which nonoperating em ployees w ere paid d u ring 1964; only $1,47 a paid hour was e x ­

pended fo r the ca b d riv e rs.

mm

The study of local transit was limited to the private sector

only (SIC 4111). A ll publicly owned transit companies were excluded from the scope of the study.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 1. Em ployer Expenditures for the Compensation of Em ployees, M otor Passenger Transportation Industries, 1964

A ll co m p a n ie s C om p an ies with ex pen d itu res fo r pay supplem ents

E m p lo y e e g rou p and in du stry

C om p en ­

sation

S traigh ttim e pay 

fo r

wo rking 

tim e

P re m iu m

paym ents

P ay fo r 

lea ve 

tim e

B onuses T e rm in a l

paym en ts

L e g a lly

re q u ire d

in su ra n ce

p r o g ra m s

P riv a te

w e lfa re

plans

P re m iu m

paym ents

P ay fo r 

lea ve 

tim e

B on u ses T e rm in a l

paym en ts

L e g a lly

re q u ire d

in su ra n ce

p r o g ra m s

P riva te

w elfare

plans

P e rce n t o f com p e n sa tio n

A ll e m p lo y e e s 1 ------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 84. 1 0 .9 5. 1 0. 5 ( !) 4 .9 4. 5 1. 3 5. 3 1. 5 ( 2) 4 .9 5. 1

L o c a l tra n sit —------------— — —----------------— 100. 0 81. 3 1. 6 6. 8 . 2 (2) 4 .0 6. 1 1. 7 6. 8 1. 1 (2 ) 4 .0 6. 2

In te rcity b u se s —— -------------------------------------- 100. 0 81. 6 .9 6 .9 . 3 (2) 3. 8 6. 5 .9 6 .9 2. 5 0. 1 3. 8 6. 5

T a x i c a b s ------------- ------------------------------------------ 100. 0 8 8 .9 . 1 2. 0 . 7 6. 5 1. 8 . 3 2. 3 1. 3 - 6. 5 2. 4

O peratin g e m p lo y e e s 1-------------------------------------- 100.0 84. 4 1.0 4. 7 . 4 0

5. 2 4. 3 1.8 5. 3 1. 4 (*) 5. 2 5. 1

L o c a l t r a n s it -------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 8 0 .9 2. 0 6. 8 . 1 (2) 4. 2 6. 0 2. 2 6. 8 . 8 (2) 4. 2 6. 2

In te rcity b u s e s --------------------------------------------- 100. 0 81. 8 . 7 7. 1 . 2 (2) 3. 7 6. 5 . 8 7. 2 1. 5 . 1 3. 7 6. 5

T a x ica b s ---------------------------------------------- -----— 100. 0 88. 6 -

1. 7 . 7 7 .0 2.0 -

2. 0 1. 7 - 7. 0 2. 6

N on opera tin g e m p lo y e e s 1--------------------------------- 100. 0 83. 4 .9 5. 8 . 8 (*) 4. 2 4 .9 1. 2 6. 0 3. 9 0

4. 2 5 .7

L o c a l t r a n s it------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 81. 6 .9 6 .9 . 4 (2) 3. 8 6. 4 .9 6 .9 2. 4 (2) 3. 8 6. 7

In te rcity b u se s --------------------------------------------- 100. 0 8 0 .9 1. 5 6. 5 . 6 (2) 4. 0 6. 5 1. 5 6. 5 15. 5 (2) 4. 0 6. 5

T a x i c a b s --------------------------------------------------------- 100.0 89. 5 . 3 3. 2 . 7 5 .0 1. 3 1. 2 3. 6 1 .9 5 .0 2. 3

P e r pa id hou r

A ll e m p lo y e e s 1 ------------------------------------------------- $ 2 . 33 $ 1.96 $ 0.02 $ 0. 12 $ 0.01 ( !) $ 0. 11 $ 0. 11 $ 0 . 04 $ 0 . 13 $ 0. 03 (2) $ 0. 11 $ 0. 13

L o c a l tra n sit ------------------------------------------------ 2. 92 2. 36 .0 5 . 20 .01 (2) . 12 . 18 .0 5 . 20 .0 3 (2) . 12 . 18

In te rcity b u se s --------------------------------------------- 3. 39 2. 77 .0 3 . 23 . 01 ( 2) . 13 . 22 . 03 . 24 . 07 (2) . 13 . 22

T a x i c a b s -------------------------------------------------------- 1 .5 9 1 .4 2 (2) .0 3 . 01 . 10 . 03 (2) . 04 . 02 . 10 .0 4

O peratin g e m p lo y e e s 1-------------------------------------- 2. 17 1 .8 4 . 02 . 10 .01 (2) . 11 .0 9 .06 . 12 . 02 (2) . 11 . 12

L o c a l tra n sit ------------------------------------------------ 2. 82 2. 28 .0 6 . 19 (2) (2) . 12 . 17 .0 6 . 19 . 02 (2) . 12 . 18

In te rcity b u s e s --------------------------------------------- 3.7 9 3.0 9 .0 3 . 27 . 01 (2) . 14 . 25 . 03 . 27 . 04 (2) . 14 . 25

T a x ica b s -------------------------------------------------------- 1 .4 7 1. 31 -. 02 . 01 . 10 .0 3 -

. 03 .0 3 . 10 .0 4

N on op era tin g e m p lo y e e s 1 ------------------------------- 2. 75 2. 28 .0 3 . 16 . 02 (*) . 12 . 14 .0 4 . 17 . 11 ( ! ) . 12 . 17

L o c a l tra n sit ----------------- ------ ----------------------- 3. 17 2 .5 9 . 03 . 22 .01 2) . 12 . 20 .0 3 . 22 . 08 2 . 12 . 22

In te rcity b u se s --------------------------------------------- 2. 98 2. 42 . 04 . 19 .02 (2) . 12 . 19 . 04 . 19 . 38 (2) . 12 . 19

T a x ica b s -------------------------------------------------------- 2. 17 1 .9 3 . 01 . 07 . 02 -

. 11 . 03 . 04 .0 9 .0 5 . 11 . 06

P e r hour o f w orkin g tim e

A ll e m p lo y e e s 1------------------------------ —----------------- $ 2. 44 $ 2. 06 $ 0. 02 $ 0. 12 $ 0.01 (2) $ 0. 12 $ 0. 11 $ 0. 04 $ 0. 14 $ 0 . 03 (2 ) $ 0. 12 $ 0. 14

L o c a l tra n sit ------------------------------------------------ 3. 16 2. 56 . 05 . 22 . 01 (2) . 13 . 19 . 05 . 22 . 03 (2 ) . 13 . 20

In te rcity b u s e s --------------------------------------------- 3. 66 3. 00 . 02 . 25 . 01 (2) . 14 . 24 . 03 . 25 . 07 (2 ) . 14 . 24

T a x ica b s -------------------------------------------------------- 1. 62 1 .4 4 (2) . 03 .01 . 11 .0 3 (2) . 04 .02 . 11 .0 4

O peratin g e m p lo y e e s 1-------------------------------------- 2. 26 1.90 . 02 . 11 .01 ( ! ) . 12 . 10 .06 . 13 .0 3 (2) . 12 .1 3

L o c a l tra n sit ------------------------------------------------ 3. 06 2. 48 . 06 . 21 (2) (2) . 13 . 18 .0 7 . 21 .02 (2) . 13 . 19

In te rcity b u s e s --------------------------------------------- 4. 09 3. 35 .0 3 . 29 . 01 (2) . 15 . 26 . 04 . 30 . 04 $ 0. 01 . 15 . 27

T a x i c a b s -------------------------------------------------------- 1 .4 9 1. 33 -

. 02 .01 . 10 . 03 . 03 . 03 -

. 10 .0 4

N on opera tin g e m p lo y e e s 1 ------------------------------- 2 .9 3 2 .4 5 . 03 . 17 .02 (2) . 12 . 14 .0 4 . 18 .11 (*) . 12 . 18

L o c a l tra n sit ------------------------------------------------ 3. 43 2. 79 . 03 . 24 . 02 (2) . 13 . 22 . 03 . 24 .0 8 (2) . 13 . 24

In te rcity b u s e s --------------------------------------------- 3. 20 2. 58 .0 5 . 21 . 02 (2) . 13 . 21 .0 5 . 21 . 40 (2 ) . 13 . 21

T a x i c a b s -------------------------------------------------------- 2. 24 2.00 .01 . 07 .02 . 11 . 03 . 04 .0 9 .0 5 -

.11 .0 6

1 In clu d es data fo r in d u str ie s not p re se n te d se p a ra te ly .

2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r ce n t o r 0. 5 cen ts.

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in dividu al item s m ay not equ al to ta ls.

01

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chapter 2. Local Transit

L evel and Structure of C om pensation

C om pensation expenditures in the lo ca l 

transit industry am ounted to $2.92 per paid 

hour. E m p loyer outlays w ere 35 cen ts an 

hour higher for nonoperating per sonnel ($ 3. 17 

per paid hour) than for operating person n el 

($2.82 per paid h our). E m p loyer expenditures 

for supplem ents w ere 4 cents an hour higher 

fo r nonoperating em p loyees (58 cen ts) than for 

operating em p loyees (54 cen ts).

The upper 55 p ercen t of all lo ca l transit 

em p loyees, about tw o-th ird s of the n on op erating and on e-h a lf of the operating em p loyees, 

w orked fo r com pan ies w hose com pensation 

expenditures ranged from $3 to $4 a paid 

hour. 8 M ost of the rem aining w ork ers w ere 

em ployed by com p an ies w hose expenditures 

ranged betw een $2 to $3 a paid hour.

Supplem ental expenditures constituted a lm ost 19 percen t o f total com pen sation. About 

tw o-th irds of these d isbu rsem en ts w ere for 

paid leave (6. 8 p ercen t of total com pensation 

outlays) and private w elfare plans (6. 1 p e r ­

cent); expenditures for the legally requ ired 

in su ran ces (4 p ercen t), prem iu m paym ents 

(1. 6 p ercen t), and nonproduction bonuses (0. 2 

percen t) accounted f o r the balance of the 

disbu rsem en t.

E m ployers in the n orth eastern area of 

the country had the highest com pensation e x ­

penditures in the country. During 1964, they 

had expenditures of $3. 11 fo r each hour for 

which their em p loyees w ere paid. The low ­

est em p loyer expenditures w ere in the South 

($2.63); expenditures in the N orth C entral 

and w estern a rea s fe ll betw een those in the 

N ortheast and the South. The pattern of r e ­

gional expenditures was sim ilar for both op ­

erating a n d nonoperating em p loyees. The 

N ortheast had the highest com pen sation e x ­

penditures for both groups ($2. 97 an hour for 

operating; $3.40 for nonoperating); the South 

had the low est expenditures ($2.51 per hour 

for operating; $2.90 fo r nonoperating). The 

num ber of large m etropolitan areas having 

privately owned tran sit system s was d is tr ib ­

uted fa irly even am ong all region s. The l o ­

cation of m ore sm a ll- and m id d le -size d n onunion com panies in the N orth C entral and 

southern areas than in the N orth ea st9 m ay 

cause the area d ifferen tia ls.

G en erally speaking, there w ere no m a jor 

d ifferen ces in the types of supplem ents or in 

the lev el of expenditures for the supplem ents

betw een the tw o-em p loyee grou ps. Only a 

slightly higher p rop ortion of total com p en sa ­

tion (19. 1 percen t) was expended for su pplem ents fo r operating em ployees than for nonoperating em p loyees (18.4 p ercen t). The onlv 

rea lly significant difference was in the 

amount expended (1.8 p ercen t of total c o m ­

pensation) for o v ertim e, w eekend, and holiday 

w ork by operating em ployees com p ared with 

nonoperating em p loyees (0. 7 p ercen t). The 

variation betw een em ployee groups fo r all 

other supplem ents did not ex ceed 0 .4 p ercen t 

of total com pen sation.

C om panies in which a m a jority o f the 

d riv ers w ere co v e re d by negotiated a g r e e ­

m ents had com p en sation expenditures of m ore 

than $ 1 a paid hour h igher than com pan ies in 

which none or a m in ority of the d riv e rs w ere 

co v e re d by such agreem en ts. The d ifferen ce 

in com pen sation expenditures was not as great 

betw een union and nonunion nonoperating e m ­

p lo y e e s; the expenditures for the unionized 

w ork ers w ere 58 cents an hour higher than 

for the nonunion p erson n el. Paym ents fo r all 

supplem ents, except nonproduction bonuses 

a n d leg a lly requ ired insu ran ce p rog ra m s, 

w ere higher in com pan ies which had unionized 

operating em p loyees, and in com pan ies which 

had unionized nonoperating em p loyees than in 

firm s in which none or a m in ority of these 

workers w ere co v e re d by bargaining 

agreem en ts.

When com pen sation outlays are com p ared 

betw een com pan ies divided by em ploym ent 

size into three groupings (under 100, 100-499, 

500 and o v e r), com pan ies having 500 or m ore 

employees had expenditures which w ere 

26 cents an hour higher than did com pan ies 

having betw een 100 and 499 em p loyees, and 

96 cents an hour higher than did com pan ies 

having few er than 100 em p loyees. *12

For ease of reading in this and subsequent discussions, the

limits of the class intervals are designated as 2 to 5 percent,

1 to 6 cents, etc. , instead of using the more precise terminology,

2 and under 5 percent, 1 and under 6 cents, etc.

9 The regions used in this study are: Northeast— Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New

York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South— Alabama,

Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina,

Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and

West Virginia; North Central— Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,

South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West— Alaska, Arizona, C a lifornia, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New M exico,

Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

6

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 2. THE STRUCTURE OF COMPENSATION, LOCAL TRANSIT, 1964

(CENTS PER PAID HOUR)

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8

P reva len ce of Supplem ents

During 1964, m ore than 7 out of 8 lo ca l 

transit em p loyees w orked fo r com pan ies 

w hich had expenditures for vacation s, h o lidays, overtim e p rem iu m s, health in su ran ce, 

and pension and retirem en t plans; tw o-th irds 

of all em p loyees w orked fo r com panies that 

had outlays fo r sick leave. F ew er than on ehalf of all em p loyees w orked fo r com pan ies 

that had expenditures fo r other supplem ents. 

The p revalen ce of expenditures fo r these su p ­

plem ents was v a ried ; alm ost on e-h a lf of all 

em p loyees w ere in com panies w hich had civ ic 

and p erson a l leave expen ditu res; about tw ofifths in com pan ies with shift d ifferen tia ls; 

and only on e-fifth worked fo r com panies 

w hich had outlays fo r nonproduction bonuses 

and term in al pay.

Som e supplem ents, such as paid h olidays, 

sick lea ve, overtim e p rem iu m s, shift d iffe r ­

en tials, and term in al pay w ere m ore p re v a ­

lent fo r nonoperating em p loyees. O th ers, such 

as civ ic and p erson a l lea ve, health in su ran ce, 

and pension and retirem en t plans w ere m ore 

prevalen t f o r operating em p loyees. P aid 

vacations and nonproduction bonuses were 

equally prevalen t fo r both em ployee grou ps.

A ll com pan ies had expenditures fo r so cia l 

secu rity and unem ploym ent com pen sation and 

alm ost all had expenditures fo r w ork m en 's 

com pen sation.

T here was v e ry little d ifferen ce in the 

p revalen ce o f the variou s supplem ents in the 

four b roa d geograp h ic region s. H ow ever, a 

la rg e r p rop ortion of unionized operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees worked for firm s 

w hich had expenditures for the variou s su pplem ents than did unorganized w o rk e rs. The 

single exception to this gen eral pattern was 

bonuses fo r nonunion d riv e rs.

P aid Leave

P ay fo r vacations and holidays accounted 

fo r m ore than 90 p ercen t of all 1964 leave 

paym ents. The other leave expenditures w ere 

fo r sick leave and civ ic and p erson a l leave.

Vacation expenditures (4 .6 p ercen t of 

total com pen sation) alone accounted fo r ov er 

tw o-th ird s o f all leave expen ditu res; holidays 

(1.6 p ercen t) sligh tly under on e-fou rth ; and 

sick leave (0.6 p ercen t) slightly under o n etenth.

The le v e l of expenditures fo r both o p e r a ­

ting and nonoperating em p loyees was alm ost 

the sam e fo r total leave paym ents and fo r 

each of the leave com ponents. A lm ost on ehalf o f both the operating and nonoperating

em p loyees w ere in com pan ies w here leave 

expenditures constituted 7 to 9 p ercen t o f total 

com pen sation, and alm ost th ree-fifth s w ere 

in companies w hose expenditures w ere 

20 cents or m ore a paid hour. About on e - 

half of both operating and nonoperating e m ­

p loyees w ere in com pan ies having holiday 

paym ents of betw een 4 to 8 cents an hour, 

and ov er seven -ten th s of each group w ere in 

com panies w hich had expenditures con stitu ­

ting 1 to 3 p ercen t of total com pen sation. 

C om pany sick leave expenditures w ere g e n e rally under 2 p ercen t of total com pen sation 

and betw een 2 to 6 cents a paid hour. A ll 

civ ic and p erson a l leave expenditures w ere 

under 1 p ercen t o f total com pen sation and 

2 cents a paid hour.

Leave paym ents in com pan ies w hich had 

unionized drivers w ere about 75 p ercen t 

higher as a p rop ortion of total com pen sation 

(7. 1 p ercen t) than in com pan ies w hich had 

nonunion d riv ers (4 p ercen t). Although the 

extent of the d ifferen ce was sm a ller for n on ­

operating e m p loyees, com pan ies having unionized w ork ers still had sign ifican tly higher 

expenditures (7.4 p ercen t) than did com panies 

having nonunion w ork ers (5 p ercen t).

S m aller bus com p an ies had leave exp en ditures fo r operating em p loyees w hich co n s tituted a m uch low er p rop ortion (3. 8 p ercen t) 

of total com pen sation than did m id d le -s ize d 

(6.9 p ercen t) and large com panies (8 p ercen t).

The highest leave expenditures w ere 

found in the N ortheast (7. 5 p ercen t o f total 

com pen sation and 26 cents a w orking hour); 

the next highest (6.6 p ercen t and 21 cents a 

w orking hour) in the North C entral region ; 

and the low est (6. 2 p ercen t and 17 cents a 

w orking hour) in the South. The sam e r e ­

gional rankings in the le v e l of leave p a y ­

m ents, both as a p rop ortion of total c o m ­

pensation and in cents a w orking h our, w ere 

found also in expenditures fo r both the o p e r ­

ating and nonoperating em p loyees.

Paid V acations and H olid a y s. M ore m oney 

was expended fo r paid vacations in the lo ca l 

tran sit industry than fo r any other single su pplem ent. These expenditures constituted 4. 6 

p ercen t of total com pen sation and am ounted 

to 15 cents for each hour of w orking tim e in 

1964. Paid h olidays, w hich w ere the secon d 

la rg est leave supplement, accounted fo r 

5 cents a w orking hour and constituted 1. 6 

p ercen t of total com pen sation. T hese expen ditu res, as a p rop ortion of total com pen sation , 

w ere alm ost the sam e for operating and n onoperating em p loyees.

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 3. EMPLOYER EXPENDITURES FOR SUPPLEMENTARY COMPENSATION FOR 

OPERATING AND NONOPERATING EMPLOYEES, LOCAL TRANSIT, 1964

PERCENT OF COMPENSATION

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
10

Vacation and holiday expenditures, both 

as a p rop ortion of com pen sation and in cents 

a w orking hour, w ere higher for unionized 

d riv e rs and nonoperating em p loyees than for 

their nonunion cou nterparts. The spread, 

how ever, was not as great betw een union and 

nonunion nonoperating em p loyees as it was 

betw een union and nonunion d riv e rs. In ad d ition, vacation and holiday paym ents fo r both 

operating and nonoperating p erson n el w ere 

greater in the m id d le -size d and large c o m ­

panies than they w ere in the sm all com pan ies.

Sick Leave and Other P aid L ea v e. O ver 

on e-h a lf o f both the operating and n on op erating em p loyees w ere em ployed by com panies 

that paid fo r sick leave. E xpenditures w ere 

sligh tly higher (0. 8 p ercen t of total com p en ­

sation and 3 cents a w orking hour) fo r nonoperating em p loyees than w ere paym ents for 

the operating em p loyees (0. 6 p ercen t and 

2 cents a w orking hour).

Sick leave expenditures w ere higher for 

both unionized d riv e rs and unionized nonoperating em p loyees than for their nonunion 

cou nterparts. Paym ents for sick leave in 

com panies having 500 em ployees or m ore con ­

stituted a lm ost tw ice as large a p rop ortion of 

total com pen sation as did paym ents in c o m ­

panies having betw een 100-499 em p loyees; and 

these expenditure levels w ere con sid erably 

higher than in com panies having few er than 

100 em p loyees. 10

Although alm ost half of all operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees w ere in com panies 

providin g som e type of civ ic and p erson al 

leave, the paym ents for this type of leave 

am ounted to only one-tenth of 1 cent a paid 

hour. This low lev el of expenditures was 

due partly to the infrequent o ccu rre n ce of 

this type of leave, and partly becau se m ost 

com pan ies m ay have had only one or two 

types of civ ic and p erson al leave. 11

P rem iu m Paym ents

A lm ost all prem ium paym ents in the lo ca l 

tran sit industry w ere for overtim e, weekend, 

and holiday w ork. Shift d ifferen tials w ere 

v ery sp arse. A few b u sd rivers re ce iv e d ow lrun 12 prem iu m s, and a few com panies had 

som e m aintenance w ork ers who receiv ed a 

d ifferen tia l for w orking on a second shift.

O vertim e prem ium s for bu sd rivers co n ­

stituted a m uch higher p rop ortion of total 

com pensation (1. 8 p ercen t) than did the p r e ­

m ium s fo r nonoperating em ployees (0. 7 p e r ­

cent). These low er prem ium paym ents to

nonoperating p erson n el are probably due to 

lim ited overtim e w ork by c le r ic a l em p loyees 

and an absen ce of prem iu m paym ents to s a laried su p erv isory w ork ers.

N onproduction B onuses and 

T erm in al Paym ents

Both bonuses and term in al paym ents w ere 

scant in the lo ca l tran sit industry during 1964; 

only a few com pan ies rep orted expenditures 

for either supplem ent. No com pany rep orted 

bonus paym ents in e x ce ss of 4 p ercen t of 

total com pensation or 8 cents an hour for op ­

erating em p loyees. Some com pan ies, h ow ­

ever, rep orted bonuses for nonoperating e m ­

p loyees that am ounted to as m uch as 8 p ercen t 

of com pensation and 23 cents an hour. Unlike expenditures for other supplem ents, 

bonus paym ents (in cents-per-paid-hour term s) 

in firm s em ploying nonunion d riv e rs and in 

firm s with nonunion nonoperating w ork ers 

w ere tw ice as high as those in firm s in which 

a m a jority of such w ork ers w ere cov ered by 

con tractu al agreem en ts. A ll com pan ies which 

had expenditures fo r term in al paym ents r e ­

ported outlays of under 1 p ercen t of total 

com pen sation and under 2 cents a paid hour.

L egally R equired Insurance P rog ra m s

Four p ercen t of all 1964 com pensation 

expenditures of p rivately owned lo ca l tran sit 

firm s w ere for legally requ ired insurance 

p rog ra m s. S ixty-fou r p ercen t of these p aym ents w ere for so cia l secu rity; 23 p ercen t 

for unem ploym ent com pensation; 12 p ercen t 

for w orkm en ’ s com pensation; and 1 p ercen t 

for other legally requ ired p rog ra m s.

The em ployers* legally requ ired paym ents 

for operating em ployees constituted a slightly 

higher p rop ortion (4. 2 p ercen t) of total c o m ­

pensation than did the paym ents m ade for 

nonoperating em ployees (3.8 p ercen t). Social 

secu rity paym ents and w ork m en 's com p en sa ­

tion w ere slightly higher as a p rop ortion of 

com pen sation for operating em p loyees; unem ­

ploym ent com pen sation constituted about the 

sam e p rop ortion fo r both em ployee groups.

0 Differences in expenditures for sick leave do not necessarily mean that there was a greater incidence of sickness— it

may reflect more liberal provisions for pay for such tim e.

11A study of 31 local transit contracts on file with the

Bureau showed that only 10 of the contracts provided for jury pay,

6 contracts provided for funeral leave, and 1 contract provided

for voting tim e.

12 A run which begins at or about midnight, and continues

through all or most of the night.

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11

E xpenditures fo r so cia l s e c u r ity 13 co n ­

stituted 2. 6 p ercen t o f total com pen sation 

costs and am ounted to 8 cents a paid hour. 

M ost com panies had s o c ia l secu rity expen ditures of between 2 to 3 p ercen t o f total 

com pen sation and 6 to 10 cents a paid hour 

for both o p e r a t i n g and n o n o p e r a t i n g 

em p loyees.

Com pany paym ents fo r State and F e d ­

e r a l14 unem ploym ent in su ran ce constituted 

sligh tly less than 1 p ercen t o f com pen sation 

and amounted to 3 cents an hour of w orking 

tim e. A lm ost all com pan ies rep orted e x ­

penditures of under 2 p ercen t o f com pen sation 

and 6 cents an hour.

P aym ents f o r w ork m en ’ s com pen sation 

constituted only on e-h a lf o f 1 p ercen t o f total 

compensation costs in .th e industry and 

amounted to only sligh tly ov er 1 cent a paid 

hour in 1964. E xpenditures fo r oth er lega lly 

requ ired p rog ra m s 15 are found in only a few 

States and em p loyer costs are rela tiv ely in ­

sign ifican t. Even among com pan ies w hich 

have these expen ditu res, they am ounted to 

less than on e-h a lf o f 1 percent o f total 

compensation costs and under 2 cents a 

paid hour.

P riv a te W elfare P lans

Employer paym ents w ere higher fo r 

p rivate w elfa re plans than fo r any other group 

o f supplem ents except paid leave. These 

p rivate plans requ ired expenditures of over 

6 p ercen t of total com pen sation during 1964 

and 18 cents a paid hour. A ll p rivate w e lfa re paym ents w ere fo r life , accid en t, and 

health in su ran ce (2.4 p ercen t o f com pen sation) 

and fo r pen sion and retirem en t plans (3.8 p e r ­

cent). No other p rivate w elfa re plans w ere 

rep orted .

Slightly g rea ter p en sion outlays fo r nonoperating em p loyees resu lted in som ew hat 

h igher p rivate w elfa re expenditures (6. 4 p e r ­

cent) fo r this em p loyee group than fo r o p e r ­

ating em p loyees (6 p ercen t). Although 70 

p ercen t o f a ll b u sd riv ers w ere in com pan ies 

which had private w elfa re expenditures of b e ­

tween 4 to 8 p ercen t of total com p en sation , 

expenditures fo r the nonoperating em p loyees, 

on the other hand, ranged from under 1 to 

13 p ercen t o f total com pen sation. The only 

d iscern ib le con cen tration s o f nonoperating 

w ork ers at any given in tervals w ere betw een 

8 and 9 p ercen t (23 p ercen t of all w ork ers) 

and betw een 5 and 6 p ercen t (18 p ercen t).

Com panies in the n orth eastern area of 

the country had the highest expenditures 

(6. 4 p ercen t o f com pen sation and 19 cents an 

hour) fo r private w elfa re plans fo r their b u sd riv e rs ; com panies in the South and in the 

N orth C entral region s had sim ila r lev els of 

expenditures (both 5. 9 p ercen t) fo r their o p ­

erating em p loyees. E xpenditures fo r nonoperating em p loyees show ed a som ew hat sim ila r 

pattern. E m p loyers in the N ortheast had the 

highest (7. 1 p ercen t o f com pen sation); the 

South the next highest (6.8 p ercen t); and 

the N orth C entral a r e a the l o w e s t (5.8 

p ercen t).

The union status of both operating and 

nonoperating employees seem s to have a 

m arked effect on the expenditure le v e l fo r 

p rivate w elfa re plans. Com pany paym ents fo r 

unionized d riv e rs constituted o v e r two and 

on e-h a lf tim es as large a p rop ortion o f total 

com pen sation as did paym ents fo r nonunion 

d r iv e r s , and the paym ents fo r unionized nonoperating em ployees w ere o v er two tim es as 

large as the paym ents fo r nonunion n on op erating emp loy e e s .

C om panies having 100 em p loyees o r m o re 

had expenditures fo r p rivate w elfa re plans 

that w ere n early tw ice as high as com pan ies 

having few er than 100 employees. The 

w idest range in the lev el o f expenditures for 

p rivate w elfare p lan s, am ong com pan ies in 

d ifferen t size g rou p s, was fo r nonoperating 

p erson n el. C om panies having 500 em ployees 

o r m ore had expenditures constituting three 

tim es as la rg e a share o f com pen sation as did 

private welfare expenditures in com pan ies 

w hich had few er than 100 em p loyees. T h ere 

w as a n a rrow er range in the le v e l o f expen ditu res fo r d r iv e r s ' private w elfa re plans betw een 

d ifferen t s iz e grou p s. C om panies w hich had 

few er than 100 em p loyees had expenditures 

amounting to about 60 p ercen t o f those m ade 

by com pan ies which had 500 em p loyees or 

m o re .

3 In 1964, the employer's rate of contribution for social 

security was 3-5/8 percent of the first $4, 800 of each employee's 

annual earnings.

14 For 1964, employers in all but nine States were taxed 

at a rate of 0.4 percent of payroll. A rate of 0. 7 percent was 

paid in California, Delaware, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, 

Minnesota, New Jersey, and West Virginia. Alaska had a rate 

of 0.85 percent. In all States, the tax applied only to the first 

$3,000 paid to an employee.

15 Employers in a few States are subject to temporary disability insurance laws which may require expenditures on their 

part. See appendix A, Digest of 100 Selected Health and Insurance Plans under Collective Bargaining. Early 1966 (BLS Bulletin 1502, 1966) for details on the financing of these plans.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12

Another in terestin g relation sh ip is found 

when the le v e l of private w elfare and legallyrequ ired insurance expenditures in the d ifferen t size groups are com p ared . C om panies 

w hich had few er than 100 em p loyees expended 

ov er 1 p ercen t m ore of total com pen sation 

fo r leg a lly req u ired in surance p rogra m s than 

they did for p rivate w elfare plans. On the 

other hand, com pan ies w hich had 100 em p lo y ­

ees or m ore expended a m uch la rg e r p r o p o r ­

tion of com pen sation fo r the private w elfare 

plans than they did for leg a lly requ ired in ­

surance p ro g ra m s. T hese con trasting r e la ­

tionships are p robably an outgrowth of the 

unionization and earnings le v e l patterns of 

these two size grou ps. Since private w elfare 

plans in this industry appear to be m ore o f an 

outgrow th of co lle ctiv e bargaining than c o m ­

pany initiation, substantial expenditures for 

these plans are m ore lik ely to be found in 

large unionized com panies rather than in 

sm a ll nonunion com p an ies. On the other hand, 

expenditures fo r unem ploym ent insurance and 

s o cia l secu rity in sm all com pan ies are u su ­

ally g rea ter as a p rop ortion of com pen sation 

than are expenditures fo r these sam e p r o ­

gram s in a large com pany. This d ifferen ce 

o ccu rs becau se unem ploym ent insurance and 

s o cia l se cu rity are funded on the b a sis of a 

rate applied against a sp ecified m axim um of 

each e m p lo y e e ’ s earn in gs. Since the lev el 

of earnings is g en era lly low er in sm a ll c o m ­

panies than in la rg e , the unemployment 

insurance and s o cia l secu rity paym ents 

constitute a la rg e r p rop ortion of com p en sa ­

tion in these sm a ller com pan ies.

L ife , A ccid en t, and Health In su ran ce. 

A lm ost ev e ry com pany in the industry had 

expenditures fo r one life , acciden t, and health 

insurance plan or m o re . Although industry 

expenditures fo r these plans constituted 2 .4 

percent of all com pen sation expen ditu res, 

they va ried w id ely from com pany to com pany. 

Som e com pan ies had paym ents of le ss than 

1 percen t o f com pen sation; oth ers had p a y ­

m ents amounting to alm ost 6 p ercen t of 

com pen sation. 16

The le v e l of industry expenditures f o r 

both operating and nonoperating em p loyees 

was sim ila r (about 2 .4 p ercen t of com p en sa ­

tion and 7 cents p er h our); a m a jority o f both 

operating and nonoperating em p loyees being 

in com pan ies having expenditures of betw een 

1 to 3 p ercen t of com pen sation and 4 to 10 

cents a paid hour.

E xpenditures for unionized d riv e rs c o n ­

stituted 2. 5 p ercen t of com pen sation as c o m ­

p ared with 1.7 p ercen t fo r nonunion d riv e rs.

E xpenditures fo r both union and nonunion 

nonoperating p erson n el constituted about 2. 3 

p ercen t of total com pen sation co sts.

About th ree-fifth s of both operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees w ere in com pan ies 

having con tribu tory life , acciden t, and health 

insurance plans. C om pany contributions to 

these plans constituted about 2 p ercen t o f 

their total com pen sation co st. This was about 

1 p ercen t less than expended by the com panies 

having n oncon tribu tory plans. Slightly few er 

than 10 p ercen t o f all nonoperating and only 

3 p ercen t o f all operating em p loyees w ere in 

com panies without health in surance plans.

P ension and R etirem en t P la n s. E m p loyer 

contributions fo r pension and retirem en t plans 

accounted for alm ost 4 p ercen t of all c o m ­

pensation expenditures during 1964 and 

amounted to 11 cents a paid hour. T here 

was a wide range in company con trib u ­

tions fo r these plans. Som e companies 

contributed le ss than 1 p ercen t of their total 

com pen sation ou tlays; oth ers con tribu ted as 

high as 9 p ercen t o f com pen sation. 17

C om panies contributed a sligh tly higher 

p rop ortion of total com pen sation (4. 1 p ercen t) 

for nonoperating p erson n el than they did for 

the operating em p loyees (3. 7 p ercen t). This 

d ifferen ce m ay be due to the in clu sion of e x ­

ecu tive, adm in istrative, and su p e rv iso ry p e r ­

sonnel in the nonoperating em p loyee group. In 

som e in stan ces, these em p loyees are co v e re d 

by separate retirem en t and pen sion plans— 

com pany contributions m ay be at a som ew hat 

higher rate than fo r other em p loyees.

E m p loyers having unionized d riv e rs and 

unionized nonoperating p erson n el had expenditures fo r pen sion and retirem en t plans w hich 

w ere m ore than five tim es g rea ter than the 

expenditures by com pan ies w hich had n on ­

union p erson n el.

C om panies w hich had 500 em p loyees or 

m ore had substantially higher expenditures 

than did com pan ies em ploying 100-499, or

^ One possible factor in this wide variation is that although

per-employee costs for these plans may be similar for different

companies, the compensation levels in these different companies

may vary considerably. Thus, similar outlays per employee for

health insurance plans in different companies may constitute varying proportions of total compensation.

17 Many different factors, of course, can effect the level

of a company's contribution during a given year to a pension and

retirement plan. Among these are the level of funding in the plan;

the unfunded past service liability; and the number of employees

covered by the plan.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
13

com pan ies w hich had few er than 100 e m p lo y ­

e e s . Since all com pan ies em ploying 500 or 

m ore and alm ost all com pan ies em ploying 

betw een 100-499 em p loyees rep orted c o ll e c ­

tive bargaining agreem en ts cov erin g a m a jo r ­

ity of both their d riv e rs and nonoperating 

em p loyees and sin ce alm ost all com pan ies 

em ploying few er than 100 em p loyees w ere 

u norganized, the influence of co lle ctiv e b a r ­

gaining on le v e ls of pension and retirem en t 

expenditures is apparent.

In con tra st to the p ra ctice s fo r life , a c ­

cident, and health insurance plan s, there w ere 

m ore com pan ies w hich had n oncon tribu tory

pension and retirem en t plans than there w ere 

w hich had con tribu tory plans fo r both o p ­

erating and nonoperating em p loyees. Expenditu res fo r these n on con tribu tory plans fo r 

operating em p loyees constituted 4. 5 p ercen t 

of com pen sation; expenditures fo r the con trib ­

u tory plans constituted on ly sligh tly ov er 

3 p ercen t. S im ila rly , the em p loyer paym ents 

fo r n on con tribu tory plans f o r nonoperating 

p erson n el w ere higher (5.2 p ercen t) than w ere 

the paym ents fo r con tribu tory plans (3. 8 p e r ­

cent). About 18 p ercen t oi all nonoperating 

p erson n el and 14 p ercen t o f all operating 

p erson n el w ere in com pan ies that did not have 

any expenditures during 1964 fo r a pension 

and retirem en t plan.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 2. Em ployer Expenditures for the Compensation of Em ployees, Local Transit, 1964

C om p e n sa tio n p r a c t ic e

A ll e m p lo y e e s O peratin g e m p lo y e e s N on operatin g e m p lo y e e s

P e rce n t 

o f total 

co m p en sa tion

Cents p e r hour P e rce n t 

o f total 

com p e n sa tio n

C ents p e r hour P e rce n t 

o f total 

co m p e n sa tio n

Cents p e r hour

P aid fo r W orking tim e P aid fo r W orkin g tim e P aid fo r W orking tim e

T o ta l e x p e n d it u r e s ------------------------------------------------------------------ 100. 0 $ 2 .9 2 $ 3. 16 100. 0 $ 2. 82 $ 3 . 06 100. 0 $3. 17 $ 3. 43

G r o s s p a y m en ts to w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------------- 8 9 .9 $ 2. 62 $2. 84 89. 8 $2. 53 $ 2 . 75 89. 8 $2. 85 $ 3. 08

S tra ig h t-tim e p a y m en ts fo r w o rk in g t im e ------------------------------- 81. 3 2. 36 2. 56 80. 9 2. 28 2. 48 81. 6 2. 59 2. 79

P re m iu m p a y m e n ts—--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 6 . 05 . 05 2. 0 . 06 . 06 . 9 . 03 . 03

O v e rtim e , w eeken d , and h olid a y w o r k ------------------------------- 1. 5 . 04 . 05 1. 8 . 05 . 06 . 7 . 02 . 03

Shift d iff e r e n t ia ls --------------------------------------------------------------------- . 1 ( ‘ ) (*) . 1 (M (*) . 1 . 01 . 01

P ay fo r le a v e tim e ——————— — — ——-— —--------------------------- 6. 8 . 20 . 22 6. 8 . 19 . 21 6. 9 . 22 . 24

V a ca tio n s —------ —----------------------------------------- --------------------------- 4. 6 . 13 . 15 4. 6 . 13 . 14 4. 5 . 14 . 15

H o lid a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 6 . 05 . 05 1. 6 . 04 . 05 1. 6 . 05 . 06

S ick le a v e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 6 . 02 . 02 . 6 . 02 . 02 . 8 . 03 . 03

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- n (*) (M n (!) (!) C ) C ) n

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s ----------------------------------------------------------------- . 2 . 01 . 01 . 1

( > ( ) . 4 . 01 . 02

T e rm in a l pa y m en ts ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ( ‘ ) (*) ( ‘ ) ( ‘ ) ( l ) ( 1) ( ‘ ) (M C )

E x p e n d itu re s in a d d ition to p a y r o l l------------------------------------------------ 10. 1 . 30 . 32 10. 2 . 29 . 31 10. 2 . 32 . 35

L e g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------- 4. 0 . 12 . 13 4. 2 . 12 . 13 3. 8 . 12 . 13

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n -------------------------------------- 2. 6 . 08 . 08 2. 6 . 07 . 08 2. 4 . 08 . 08

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a t io n ------------------------------------------------ .9 . 03 . 03 . 9 . 03 . 03 . 9 . 03 . 03

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l l n e s s -------------------------------------------- . 5 . 01 . 02 . 5 . 02 . 02 . 4 . 01 . 02

O ther le g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s --------------------- (*) (*) (*) (*) n (*) (M (M (*)

P riv a te w e lfa r e plan s ------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. 1 . 18 . 19 6. 0 . 17 . 18 6. 4 . 20 . 22

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce --------------------------------- 2. 4 . 07 . 08 2. 4 . 07 . 07 2. 3 . 07 . 08

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t p l a n s ----------------------------------------------- 3. 8 . 11 . 12 3. 7 . 10 . 11 4. 1 . 13 . 14

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t o r 0. 5 ce n ts .

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in div idu a l ite m s m ay not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 3. Percent Distribution of A ll Em ployees by Em ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices,

as a Percent of Total Expenditures for the Compensation of E m ployees, L ocal Transit, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e

expen d itu res

(p e rce n t o f com p en sa tion )

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith expen d itu res fo r the p r a c t ic e as a p e r ce n t o f tota l com p e n sa tio n

C om panies T o ta l expen di tu res I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A ll w ith e x p en d i- fo r the U nder and and com p a n ies tu res fo r p r a c t ic e 1 under

the p r a c tic e 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 o v e r

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s ------------------------------------------ 1. 6 1 .7 100 5 38 24 20 7 5 (*) (*)

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk ----- 1. 5 1 .5 100 5 38 24 23 7 3 0 )

- „ - -

Shift d iff e r e n t ia ls ------------------------------------------- . 1 . 3 100 63 35 (l ) 2 - _ _ > _ „ _

P a y fo r le a v e tim e — ---------—------------------------— 6.8 6.8 100 (» ) 1 2 8 11 2 10 10 18 30 7 _

V ac at ion s — ---------------------------—------------- --------- 4. 6 4 .6 100 1 1 2 15 13 32 31 5 (*) _ _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 1.6 1.6 100 6 20 49 25 - - - . _ _ _

S ick l e a v e -------------------------------------------------------- . 6 .9 100 33 28 37 2 - - - - _ _ _ _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------——----- (*> <l ) 100 51 49 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N o n p rod u ction b o n u se s -------------------------- ------ . 2 1.1 100 78 13 6 3 -

( ') - - _ _

(M _

T e rm in a l p a y m en ts — -----—--------- —---------------— (M <M 100 77 23 - - - - - - - ..

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ---------- 4 .0 4 .0 100 - - - 3 51 34 9 2 (l ) - _

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------ 2. 6 2.6 100 - - 1 86 12 - - - _ _

U n em p loy m en t co m p e n sa tio n — ------------- .9 .9 100 - 47 50 3 - - - - - - _ .

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l l n e s s ----------------- . 5 .6 100 11 78 9 2 - - - - - - _

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------------------------- (M .4 100 91 9 - - - - - - - _ - _

P riv a te w e lfa r e pla n s ---------------------------------------- 6.1 6.2 100 3 (M 6 5 7 18 14 8 26 5 _ 8

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce —— 2 .4 2 .4 100 3 7 35 32 18 4 1 _ _ _ _

P e n s io n and r e tire m e n t p la n s ——— — —— 3 .8 4 .1 100 13 3 16 12 13 7 21 6 1 7 -

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t o f co m p e n sa tio n o r 0. 5 p e rce n t o f w o r k e r s . 

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in dividu al ite m s m ay not equ al to ta ls.

T ab le 4. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f O peratin g E m p lo y e e s by E m p lo y e r E xp en d itu res fo r S e le cte d C om p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , 

as a P e rce n t of T o ta l E xpen d itu res fo r the C om p en sa tion o f E m p lo y e e s , L o c a l T ra n s it, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e

ex pen d itu res

(p e rce n t o f com p en sa tion )

P e r c e n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith expen d itu res fo r the p r a c t ic e as a p e r ce n t o f total co m p e n sa tio n

C om pan ies T ota l ex pen d itu res I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ------TO------

A ll w ith ex pen d i­ fo r the U nder and

and com p an ies tu res fo r p r a c t ic e 1 u nder " "

the p r a c tic e 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 o v e r

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s -------------— — — ------------— 2.0 2.2 100 14 31 22 8 11 8 3 2 (*)

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w ork ----- 1.8 2.0 100 14 31 22 9 13 7 3 _ _ 0 )

_ _

Shift d iff e r e n t ia ls ---------------- —----------------------- . 1 .5 100 75 23 _ { ') 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

P a y fo r le a v e tim e -----------— ---------------------- ----- 6. 8 6.8 100 (l ) 1 2 5 12 5 11 12 19 25 6 (M

V a c a tio n s --------— — ---------------------------— -------- 4 .6 4 .7 100 1 1 2 7 21 32 30 5 _ n

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 1.6 1.8 100 19 10 28 43 - _ _ _ _ _ _

S ick le a v e ----------------- —------------------- --------------- . 6 1.1 100 48 31 18 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e — ----------------------- ( ' ) (l ) 100 51 49 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s --------- —— — — --------- . 1 .8 100 82 11 3 2 1 - - - . _ . _

T e rm in a l p a y m e n t s -------------------------------------------- (*) (l ) 100 94 6 - - - - - - _ _ _ _

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ---------- 4. 2 4 .2 100 - - - 3 48 35 10 3 1 _ _ _

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n -----—— 2. 6 2.6 100 - - 3 77 20 - - _ _ _ _ _

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a t io n --------- —........— .9 .9 100 - 47 50 1 1 - - - - - _ _

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l l n e s s ------ — ------- .5 .6 100 11 76 10 2 - - - _ _ _ _ _

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s --------— ------ ------------— -------------— (l ) .5 100 91 9 - - - - - - _ _ _ _

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s --------------------------- —--------- 6.0 6.2 100 3 1 6 7 3 17 10 13 30 1 6 3

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in su ra n ce -------- 2 .4 2 .4 100 3 7 31 35 16 5 2 _ _ _ _ _

P e n sio n and r e tire m e n t p l a n s ------------- —— 3 .7 4 .0 100 14 4 18 7 7 11 30 1 6 2 1 -

1 L ess than 0. 05 percent o f compensation or 0. 5 percent of w orkers.

NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals,

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 5. Percent Distribution of Nonoperating Em ployees by Em ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices,

as a Percent of Total Expenditures for the Compensation of Em ployees, L ocal Transit, 1964 0)

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e

ex pen d itu res

(p e rce n t o f com p en sa tion )

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith ex pen d itu res fo r the p r a c t ic e as a p e r ce n t of total com p e n sa tio n

C om panies Total expen d itu res 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lb

A ll w ith ex p e n d i- fo r the Under and and com p a n ie s tu res fo r p r a c tic e 1 under

the p r a c tic e 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 o v e r

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s -------------------------------------------- 0. 9 0 .9 100 10 66 11 9 3 1 _ _ _ _ . .

O v e r tim e , w eeken d , and h o lid a y w o r k ----- . 7 . 8 100 10 71 9 7 2 1 - - - - - -

Shift d iffe re n tia ls ----------------------------------------- . 1 . 3 100 62 36 3 - - - - - - - - _

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e --------------------------------------------- 6 .9 6 .9 100 ( !) - 3 8 7 8 9 8 33 15 3 6

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------- 4. 5 4. 5 100 (M 1 9 11 12 37 17 12 - - - _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 1.6 1 .7 100 6 18 49 28 - - - - - - - -

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- . 8 1.2 100 36 27 35 1 - - - - - - - 1

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ----------------------------- n 0 ) 100 53 47 - - - - _ - _ _ _ _

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s -------------------------------------- . 4 2 .4 100 82 8 4 3 1 n (l ) 1 - 1 - 1

T e rm in a l p a y m e n ts --------------------------------------------- (l ) (l ) 100 80 20 - - - - - - - _

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ----------- 3. 8 3. 8 100 - - - 11 54 31 4 -

(l ) - - -

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------ 2. 4 2. 4 100 - - 4 88 8 - - - - - - -

U n em p loy m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ---------------------- . 9 .9 100 - 52 45 2 - - - - - - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l l n e s s ------------------ . 4 . 5 100 10 83 6 - - - - - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------------------------ (M- . 3 100 90 9 1 - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s ---------------------------------------- 6. 4 6. 7 100 9 (M 5 6 3 9 18 8 5 23 5 8

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in s u r a n c e -------- 2. 3 2. 5 100 9 6 22 41 10 9 1 1 - - - _

P e n sio n and r e tire m e n t p la n s -------------------- 4. 1 4. 7 100 18 3 16 13 7 5 21 5 5 3 (M 4

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r ce n t o f co m p e n sa tio n o r 0. 5 p e rce n t o f w o rk e r s. 

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in div idu a l ite m s m ay not equal totals.

T a b le 6. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f A ll E m p lo y e e s by E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S ele cte d C om p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , 

in Cents P e r P aid H ou r, L o c a l T ra n sit, 1964

P r a c t ic e

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s ---------------------------------------

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk

Shift d iff e r e n t ia ls -------------------------------------

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ---------------------------------------

V a c a t io n s ---------------------------------------------------

H o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------

S ick le a v e ---------------------------------------------------

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s ---------------------------------

T e rm in a l p a y ------------------------------- ------------------

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s -----

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t i o n -----

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a t io n ----------------

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l l n e s s ------------

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s -------------------------------------------------

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s ----------------------------------

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce - 

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p l a n s -------------- •

A v e ra g e expen d itu res 

(in cents p e r hour)

C om pan ies

A ll with e x p en d ico m p a n ie s tu res fo r

the p r a c tic e

4. 7 4 .9

— 4. 3 4. 5

. 4 1. 1

20. 0 20. 1

1 3 .4 1 3 .5

4. 6 4 .9

1 .9 2. 8

. 1 . 1

.7 2 .9

( ') (*)

11. 8 11.8

— 7. 5 7. 5

2. 7 2 .7

— 1. 5 1 .7

r l 1 .4

17. 9 18. 4

— 6 .9 7. 1

— 11.0 1 2 .5

P e r c e n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith ex p en d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e in cen ts p e r paid hour

Total expen d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

fo r the Under and and

p r a c t ic e 2 under

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 o v e r

100 5 17 29 15 14 7 5 4 2

. . .

C ) . _ .

100 5 33 12 15 16 9 3 4 - - - - - 0 )

- - -

100 63 35 _

(M 2 - - - - _ - - - - - -

100 (*) 2 1 3 10 6 2 1 4 11 2 8 7 7 20 3 12

100 1 1 2 3 15 9 5 6 12 14 31 - - - - - -

100 6 19 12 16 32 15

100 33 27 29 5 6

100 51 49 -

100 78 11 6 4 - - 1 - - - - - - - n

- -

100 77 23

100 _ _ -

C ) 3 20 33 30 4 6 4 - - - - - -

100 - - 2 6 62 29 1

100 _ 40 40 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

100 11 68 16 3 2

100 91 7 2

100 3 C ) 5 4 7 1 4 12 13 3 8 4 1 21 6 - 8

100 3 5 12 22 34 6 13 3 2 2 1 - - - - - -

100 13 3 10 7 17 5 6 1 2 19 1 8 1 " 1 1 5

1 Less than 0. 05 cents or 0. 5 percent of w orkers.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T ab le 7. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f O peratin g E m p lo y e e s by E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S e le cte d C om p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s ,

in Cents P e r P aid H ou r, L o c a l T ra n sit, 1964

A ll

com p an ies

P e r c e n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

p e r hour)

W ith no W ith expen d itu re s fo r the p r a c tic e in cen ts p e r paid hou r

Com panies T otal ex p en d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 ^ 8^ 20 22 24 26 “ TO”

with ex p en d i- fo r the U nder and and tu res fo r p r a c tic e 2 under

the p r a c tic e 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 o v e r

6. 3 100 14 14 25 9 8 8 8 6 5 C ) 3 (l )

5.9 100 14 30 8 9 8 8 10 8 3 2 - - _ _

(*) _

1. 5 100 75 23 - - 0 ) 1

19. 3 100 n 1 2 5 6 8 3 2 C ) 13 7 7 3 6 8 24 6

13. 2 100 1 1 5 3 10 12 6 8 16 4 30 (l ) _ - _ _ 2

5. 4 100 19 7 14 13 32 12 2

3. 2 100 48 12 23 13 2 2

. 1 100 51 49

1. 9 100 82 8 8 2 n

. 1 100 94 6

11. 7 100 _ - - 1 3 23 26 31 5 6 3 2 » _ _ _ _

7. 4 100 - - 4 8 58 29

2. 6 100 - 38 40 22

1. 7 100 11 65 17 3 3 2

1. 5 100 91 7 1 _

17. 6 100 3 1 8 3 5 (*) 5 3 14 5 11 1 23 3 4 1 9

7. 0 100 3 5 15 13 37 6 9 4 2 2 - _ - 2 _ _

12. 0 100 14 4 9 8 8 3 13 3 4 22 4 3 - “

3 5 -

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s ---------------------------------------

O v e r tim e , w eeken d , and h o lid a y w o r k -

Shift d iff e r e n t ia ls -------------------------------------

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ----------------------------------------

V a ca tio n s -----------------------------------------------------

H olid ays -

S ick le a v e -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e --------------------

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s ----------------------------

T e rm in a l p a y ---------------------------------------------

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s - 

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o te c tio n — 

U n em p loy m en t co m p e n sa tio n

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju r y and illn e s s — 

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce 

p r o g ra m s

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s ---------------------------------

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce ■ 

P e n sio n and r e tire m e n t p la n s --------------

5. 5

5. 2 

. 4

19. 2 

13. 1 

4. 4 

1. 6 

. 1 

. 3 

(l ) 

1 1.7 

7. 4 

2. 6

1. 5

. 1

1 6 .9

6. 7

1 0 . 2

1 L e s s than 0 .0 5 ce n ts o r 0. 5 p e rce n t o f w o rk e r s .

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in dividu al ite m s m a y not equ al to ta ls.

T ab le 8. P e rce n t D istrib u tion of N on opera tin g E m p lo y e e s by E m p lo y e r E xp en d itu res fo r S e le cte d C o m p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s ,

in Cents P e r P aid H ou r, L o c a l T ra n sit, 1964

P r a c t ic e

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s -----------------------------------------

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o r k —

Shift d iff e r e n t ia ls ---------------------------------------

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ------------------------------------------

V a c a t io n s -----------------------------------------------------

H o lid a y s --------------------------------------------------------

Sick le a v e -----------------------------------------------------

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e -------------------------

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s -----------------------------------

T e rm in a l p a y ----------------------------------------------------

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s -------

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ---------

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a t io n ------------------

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l l n e s s --------------

O ther le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s --------------------------------------------------

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s ------------------------------------

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth i n s u r a n c e ----

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p l a n s -----------------

A v e ra g e expenditures

A ll 

com p an ies

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

p e r hour)

W ith no W ith expen d itu re s fo r the p r a c tic e in ce n ts p e r paid hour

Com panie s T otal expen d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 ’""30 "

with exp en d i­ fo r the U nder and

tu res fo r p r a c tic e 2 under and

the p r a c tic e 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 o v e r

3. 0 100 10 43 26 9 6 2 4 (l ) 1

2. 5 100 10 44 28 7 7 1 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

1. 2 100 62 35 1 _ 3

22. 0 100 n

- 4 7 2 2 4 6 3 8 2 5 3 6 29 3 14

14. 2 100 1 10 1 7 10 5 8 5 26 12 11 2 1 1 _ _

5. 4 100 6 15 16 35 16 10 4 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. 0 100 36 17 15 26 6 1

. 1 100 53 47

7. 6 100 82 6 3 3 _ 3 1 _

(l ) n

_ _ 1 _ _ _ 1

0 )

100 80 20

12. 0 100 - - 1 - 2 17 30 34 9 6 1 _ _ _ 1 _ _

7. 6 100 - 1 C1) 5 58 32 3 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2.9 100 - 34 32 34 1

1. 5 100 10 69 18 3

I. 0 100 90 8 2

22. 0 100 9 (M 4 3 3 5 2 4 7 11 5 2 _ 6 4 22 13

8. 0 100 9 4 10 10 17 29 8 10 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

15. 4 100 18 3 8 8 5 7 8 4 1 23 2 2 3 1 3 6

2. 8

2. 2

. 5

21. 8 

14. 2 

5. 2 

2. 6

(*) 

1. 3 

0 ) 

12.0 

7. 6 

2 .9 

1. 4

. 1

20. 3 

7. 4 

1 2 .9

1 Less than 0. 05 cents or 0. 5 percent of w orkers.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chapter 3. Intercity Buses

L evel and Structure of C om pensation

E xpenditures fo r pay supplem ents in the 

in tercity bus industry amounted to 18 p ercen t 

(62 cents p er hour) o f all em p loyer outlays 

during 1964 fo r the com pensation of em p loy ­

ees ($3,39 cents p e r hour). T here was very 

little d ifferen ce in the stru ctu re o f com p en ­

sation fo r operating a n d nonoperating em ­

p lo y e e s. H ow ever, total com pensation e x ­

penditures fo r both straigh t-tim e pay ($3. 09 

p e r hour) and supplem ents (70 cents an hour) 

w ere con sid era b ly higher fo r operating e m ­

p loy ees than fo r nonoperating employees 

($2.42 an hour and 56 cents an hour, r e ­

sp ectiv ely ).

A lm ost half (46 percen t) o f all em p loyees 

w orked fo r com panies w hose 1964 com p en sa ­

tion outlays amounted to m ore than $ 3 .9 0 a 

paid hour. T here was a m uch w id er range 

in the distribu tion of expenditures for d riv e rs 

than for nonoperating em p loyees. C om p en sation outlays fo r d riv e rs ranged from $1. 70 an 

hour to ov er $4 an hour; those fo r n on op erating em p loyees ranged from ju st under $ 2 to 

$ 3 .5 0 an hour.

Expenditures fo r com pensation in the in ­

du stry gen erally divided into th ree distin ct 

pattern s. The la rge com panies in the in du stry had substantially higher levels o f com p en ­

sation (o v e r 60 cents an hour m ore) than 

m id d le -size d com p an ies, and the sm all c o m ­

panies trailin g the m id d le -size d com panies 

by 20 cents o r m ore an hour. The le v e l of 

com pany disbu rsem en ts fo r supplem ents are 

c lo s e ly related to the lev el o f the em p loyees' 

stra igh t-tim e earnings for tim e w orked. This 

fact was p a rticu la rly true of expenditures for 

private w elfa re p lan s, and to a le s s e r extent, 

fo r paid leave expenditures.

P rev a len ce of Supplem ents

A lm ost all com panies had expenditures 

fo r paid vacation s, paid h olidays, ov ertim e 

p rem iu m s, and health in su ran ce. A ll com p a ­

nies rep orted expenditures fo r so cia l secu rity 

and unem ploym ent in su ran ce, and alm ost all 

had expenditures fo r w ork m en 's com pensation. 

A lm ost th ree-fou rth s o f all em p loyees w ere 

in com pan ies having expenditures for pension 

plan s; sligh tly ov er th ree-fifth s w ere in c o m ­

panies w hich had expenditures for sick leave; 

and almost tw o-fifth s w ere in com panies 

which had shift d ifferen tia ls. H ow ever, only 

on e-fifth o f all em p loyees w orked in com p a ­

nies which had expenditures fo r c iv ic and

p erson a l leave; on e-seven th in com pan ies 

which had nonproduction bon uses; one-ten th 

in com panies which had expenditures fo r 

other leg a lly requ ired in su ran ce p ro g ra m s; 

and only 1 p ercen t in com panies which had 

term in al paym ents.

T here w ere some d ifferen ces in the 

p reva len ce o f supplem ents fo r operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees. A ll types of paid 

leave, p rem iu m pay, and p rivate w elfa re 

plans w ere m ore p revalen t fo r nonoperating 

em ployees than fo r d r iv e r s ; only n on p rodu ction bonuses w ere m ore p revalen t fo r the 

operating em p loyees.

Paid L eave

L eave paym ents w ere the la rg est su p p lem ent in the industry, being sligh tly higher 

than expenditures fo r p rivate w elfa re plans. 

In addition, pay fo r leave tim e accounted fo r 

85 p ercen t o f all supplem entary com pen sation 

outlays paid d ire ctly to em p loyees.

L eave expenditures constituted alm ost 

7 p ercen t o f total com pen sation , and vacations 

and holidays accounted fo r alm ost 90 p ercen t 

of this total. Sick leave accounted fo r alm ost 

all other leave paym ents. T h ere was som e 

variation in the le v e l of leave paym ents within 

the industry. H alf o f the total industry e m ­

ploym ent w ere in com pan ies having leave e x ­

penditures o f 8 to 10 p ercen t o f total c o m ­

pensation; the rem aining 48 p ercen t w ere in 

com panies having expenditures o f le ss than 

6 p ercen t o f total com pen sation. The la rg e 

com pan ies in the industry had m ost of the 

expenditures in the 8 to 10 p ercen t range; the 

m id d le -size d and sm a ller com pan ies usually 

had leave expenditures o f under 6 p ercen t o f 

total com pen sation.

L arge com pan ies usually had m o re lib ­

era l p r a c tic e s , p a rticu la rly fo r vacation and 

sick lea v e, than did other com pan ies in the 

industry. L eave expenditures fo r d riv e rs 

w ere sligh tly higher (7. 1 percen t) than fo r 

nonoperating em ployees (6.5 p ercen t). The 

d ifferen ce is m ore m arked when com p ared on 

a ce n ts -p e r-h o u r b a sis; leave expenditures 

fo r d riv e rs (27 cents an hour) w ere ov er 

40 p ercen t higher than those fo r n on op erating em p loyees (19 cents an hour). This 

d ifferen ce was la rg e ly due to higher v a ca ­

tion expenditures fo r d riv e rs in the la rg e r 

com p an ies.

18

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 4. THE STRUCTURE OF COMPENSATION, INTERCITY BUSES, 1964

(CENTS PER PAID HOUR)

(0

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 5. EMPLOYER EXPENDITURES FOR SUPPLEMENTARY COMPENSATION FOR 

OPERATING AND NONOPERATING EMPLOYEES, INTERCITY BUSES, 1964

PERCENT OF COMPENSATION 0 12345678

Paid leave

Premium pay

Bonuses,

terminal pay

Legally required

insurance

programs

Private

welfare plans

CENTS PER PAID HOUR

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Paid leave

Premium pay

Bonuses,

terminal pay

Legally required

insurance

programs

Private

welfare plans

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21

P aid V acation s and H olid ays. V acation 

paym ents (4. 4 p ercen t) constituted the m a jor 

elem ent of paid leave. O ver tw o-fifth s of 

all industry em p loyees w ere in com pan ies 

w hose vacation expenditures m ade up 4 to 5 

p ercen t of their total com pen sation exp en ditu res. V acation paym ents (19 cents a w orking 

hour) fo r d riv e rs w ere alm ost 60 p ercen t 

higher than fo r nonoperating em p loyees 

(12 cents a w orking hour). 18

V acation expenditures fo r d riv e rs co n stituted 4. 7 p ercen t of total com pensation with 

alm ost on e-h a lf o f the d riv e rs being in c o m ­

panies in which such expenditures ranged 

betw een 5 and 6 p ercen t. Expenditures for 

nonoperating em p loyees accounted for sligh tly 

less than 4 p ercen t of total com pensation, 

with th ree-fifth s o f the em p loyees being in 

com panies having vacation paym ents o f b e ­

tween 3 to 4 p ercen t of total com pensation.

E xpenditures for h oliday pay constituted 

the secon d la rg est com ponent of paid leave, 

with em p loyer paym ents m aking up 1.7 p e r ­

cent o f total com pen sation. A m ong com panies 

having holiday expen ditu res, the paym ents for 

both operating and nonoperating em ployees 

amounted to alm ost 2 p ercen t of total co m ­

pensation. A t the a ll-com p a n y le v e l, holiday 

expenditures fo r operating em p loyees w ere 

l o w e r (1.5 percen t) than fo r nonoperating 

em p loyees (1.9 p ercen t), sin ce sm all nonunion bu slines gen erally did not pay their 

d riv e rs fo r holidays not w orked. A lm ost all 

nonoperating em p loyees w ere in com panies 

that had paid h olidays.

T here w ere v ery sign ifican t d ifferen ces 

betw een the levels of holiday pay in union 

and nonunion com p an ies, p a rticu la rly for o p ­

erating em p loyees. E m p loyers in unionized 

com panies had expenditures o f alm ost 2 p e r ­

cent o f com pen sation; em p loyers in nonunion 

com panies had expenditures of only 0. 1 p e r ­

cent. This d ifferen ce resu lts from m ost nonunion com pan ies not paying their d riv e rs fo r 

holidays not w orked.

S ick Leave and Other P aid L ea v e. A lm ost tw o-th ird s of all em p loyees w ere in 

com pan ies with expenditures fo r sick leave, 

with a higher proportion of n on operating em p loyees (67 percen t) than operating 

em p loyees (55 percen t) being in com panies 

having such expen ditu res. E xpenditures for 

all em ployees amounted to slightly under 

1 p ercen t o f total com pen sation; those fo r 

operating em ployees w ere betw een 1 to 2 p e r ­

cent o f total com pen sation, and expenditures

for nonoperating em p loyees w ere split evenly 

betw een under 1 and from 1 to 2 p ercen t o f 

total com pen sation. C om panies having unionized operating and nonoperating em ployees 

had a m uch higher lev el of sick leave e x ­

penditures than did nonunion com pan ies.

C ivic and p erson a l leave expenditures 

during 1964 amounted to le ss than on e-h a lf 

cents a paid hour for both operating and nonoperating em p loyees.

P rem iu m Paym ents

P rem iu m paym en ts, although v e ry p r e v ­

alent in the industry, amounted to sligh tly 

less than 1 p ercen t o f total com pen sation e x ­

pen ditu res. P rem iu m s for ov ertim e, w eek ­

end, and holiday w ork constituted 90 p ercen t 

of these paym en ts, and shift d ifferen tials a c ­

counted fo r the rest. P rem iu m pay co n s tituted m ore than tw ice as large a p rop ortion 

of com pen sation expenditures for nonoperating 

em ployees than they did of com pen sation e x ­

penditures for operating em p loyees. A ll 

prem iu m pay for operating em p loyees was 

fo r ov ertim e, w eekend, and holiday w ork. 19 

A lm ost all (seven -eigh th s) o f the prem iu m 

pay fo r nonoperating em ployees were for 

ov ertim e, w eekend, and holiday w ork , only

0. 2 p ercen t o f total com pen sation was e x ­

pended fo r shift d ifferen tia ls.

A lm ost tw o-th ird s of all employees 

w orked fo r com pan ies in which these expen ditures amounted to less than 1 p ercen t of total 

com pensation. P rem iu m paym ents to n onoperating p erson n el constituted 1. 5 p ercen t 

of com pen sation expenditures and amounted to 

5 cents a w orking hour; em p loyer outlays fo r 

operating em ployees constituted only 0. 7 p e r ­

cent o f com pen sation and amounted to only 

3 cents a w orking hour. T h ree-fou rth s o f *

Normally, drivers would be covered under a single vacation policyj while nonoperating employees' policy may have

consisted of several different plans for office clerical, maintenance, terminal, and supervisory employees. An analysis of union

contracts on file with the Bureau indicates that vacation plans for

office clerical employees may differ from vacation plans for other

unionized nonoperating employee groups.

*9 None of the companies included in this study reported

paying shift differentials to their drivers. Although 76 percent

of the drivers worked for companies which had premium expenditures, the low level of premiums paid to them suggests that most

drivers did not receive any premium pay. When premiums were

made, the payments usually resulted from one or more of the

following practices: Premium pay for hours worked outside of

the normal tour of duty; premium pay for hours worked in excess

of a specified number of hours; and premium pay for hours worked

on scheduled days off or on the sixth or seventh consecutive day.

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22

the nonoperating em p loyees w ere in com p a ­

nies which had prem ium paym ents o f le s s 

than 2 percen t o f total com p en sation , and 

tw o-th irds of all operating em p loyees w orked 

fo r com panies in which these expenditures 

am ounted to le ss than 1 percen t.

In con trast to the situation for m ost other 

supplem ents, in tercity bus com pan ies having 

nonunion operating and nonoperating em p loyees rep orted higher expenditures for p r e ­

m ium paym ents than did com pan ies em ploying 

unionized w ork ers. Since expenditures for 

prem ium paym ents are partly dependent on 

the num ber of prem ium hours w orked, the 

higher prem ium expenditures for these nonunion w ork ers m ay be due to the num ber of 

prem ium hours paid for rather than m ore 

lib e ra l prem ium ben efits.

N onproduction B onuses and 

T erm in al Paym ents

Both nonproduction bonuses and term in al 

pay constituted very minute portion s of the 

total outlay fo r the com pen sation of em p loyees. Only 14 p ercen t of the in d u stry's e m ­

ploym ent w ere in com pan ies which had bonus 

expenditures, and only 1 p ercen t was in c o m ­

panies w hich had term in al paym ents. N e v e rth eless, com pan ies w hich had nonproduction 

bonuses h a d expenditures constituting 2 .5 

percen t of total com pen sation and amounting 

to 7 cents a paid h our. T erm in al paym ents, 

even among com pan ies which had expenditures fo r the p ra ctice , am ounted to le s s than 

o n e-h a lf cent a paid hour.

L egally R equ ired Insurance P rog ra m s

E m ployer expenditures fo r leg a lly r e ­

qu ired insurance p rogra m s am ounted to a lm ost 4 p ercen t of total com pen sation during 

1964. Paym ents for so cia l secu rity co n stituted 61 percen t of the total; unem ploym ent 

in su ran ce, 25 p ercen t; w ork m en ’ s com p en sa ­

tion, 13 percen t; and other leg a lly requ ired 

in surance p rog ra m s, 1 p ercen t.

S ocial secu rity expenditures accounted 

fo r alm ost 2. 5 p ercen t o f total com pensation 

or 9 cents a w orking hour. Seven-eighths 

of all industry em p loyees w ere in com panies 

w hose socia l secu rity paym ents constituted 

2 to 3 percen t of total com pen sation, and 99 

percen t w ere in com pan ies w hose cost ranged 

betw een 6 to 10 cents a paid hour.

E m ployer paym ents fo r State and F ed era l 

unem ploym ent insu ran ce constituted 1 percen t 

of total com pen sation costs and am ounted to

3 cents a paid h our. N inety p ercen t o r m o re 

of both operating and nonoperating em p loyees 

w ere in com pan ies w hose expenditures 

am ounted to le ss than 2 p ercen t o f total c o m ­

pensation, and 95 p ercen t of both em ployee 

groups w ere in com pan ies w hose paym ents 

w ere under 6 cents a paid hour.

W ork m en 's com pen sation expenditures o f 

2 cen ts a paid hour accou nted for only on eh alf of 1 p ercen t o f com pen sation. A ll w o rk ­

m en 's com pen sation expenditures rep orted 

am ounted to less than 3 p ercen t of a ll c o m ­

pensation outlays and 6 cents a paid hour.

E xpenditures for other lega lly req u ired 

insurance p rogra m s (p rin cip ally State tem p ora ry d isability in su ran ce), rep orted by c o m ­

panies em ploying one-tenth of the in d u stry's 

total w ork fo r c e , am ounted to le ss than on eh alf cent a paid hour.

P rivate W elfare Plans

Outlays for private w elfare plans in the 

in tercity bus industry con sisted en tirely of 

expenditures for pension and retirem en t plans 

(15 cents a paid hour) and fo r life , acciden t, 

and health insurance (7 cents a paid hour). 

N ev erth eless, private w elfare plans w ere 

second only to paid leave as ob jects of e m ­

p loyer expen ditu res. They constituted 6. 5 

p ercen t of total com p en sation ; pension and 

retirem en t plans accou nted fo r tw o-th ird s of 

these expen ditu res, and life , accid en t, and 

health insu ran ce t h e rem aining on e-th ird .

A lm ost all em ployees (98 percen t) w ere 

in com pan ies having at least one type of p r ivate w elfare plan. O n e-h alf of a ll em ployees 

w ere in com pan ies w hich had expenditures of 

7 to 9 p ercen t of total com pen sation, and a lm ost on e-h a lf w ere in com pan ies having paym ents of betw een 30 to 32 cents a paid hour. 

H ow ever, 30 p ercen t o f a ll em p loyees w ere 

in com pan ies w hich had expenditures o f under 

2 p ercen t and 6 cents a paid hour, and 16 

p ercen t w orked for com pan ies having expenditures of betw een 4 to 6 p ercen t and 12 to 

18 cents a paid h our. E xpenditures ranging 

betw een 7 to 9 p ercen t w ere found p rim a rily 

in the la rge com p an ies; those fro m 4 to 6 

p ercen t w ere made usually by m id d le -s ize d 

com pan ies; and the sm all com pan ies gen era lly 

had expenditures fo r private w elfare plans 

that amount to le s s than 2 p ercen t of th eir 

com pen sation paym ents.

T here w ere no sign ifican t d iffe re n ce s in 

the amount of outlays fo r operating and nonoperating e m p lo y e e s ' private w elfare plans.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
23

T here w ere, h ow ever, sign ifican t d ifferen ces 

betw een unionized operating and nonoperating 

em p loyees and their nonunion cou nterparts. 

E xpenditures fo r unionized operating em p loy ­

ees w ere two and on e-h a lf tim es g rea ter than 

those fo r nonunion operating em p loyees; for 

unionized nonoperating em p loyees, they w ere 

alm ost double those of the nonunion group.

Life, A ccid en t, and Health In su ran ce. 

A ll companies having life , accid en t, and 

health insu ran ce plans rep orted expenditures 

of under 4 p ercen t of com pen sation and 12 

cents a paid hour; over tw o-th ird s of a ll e m ­

p loyees w ere in com pan ies w hich had expenditures of betw een 1 to 3 p ercen t and 6 to 12 

cents a paid hour. T otal expenditures for 

all com pan ies constituted about 2 p ercen t of 

total com pen sation, and paym ents fo r nonoperating em p loyees w ere slightly higher (2. 3 

percen t) as a p rop ortion of total com pen sation 

than those fo r operating em p loyees (2 p e r ­

cent). Only 7 p ercen t of a ll industry w ork ers 

w ere em ployed by com pan ies having no e x ­

penditures during 1964 for the private in ­

su ran ces.

C om panies having noncon tribu tory plans 

fo r operating em p loyees rep orted som ew hat 

higher expenditures (ju st under 10 cents an 

hour) than did com pan ies having con tribu tory 

plans (7 cents an hour).

About th ree-fifth s of the operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees in com pan ies with 

expenditures w orked fo r firm s with con trib u ­

tory plans. H ow ever, there w as a m uch 

w id er d ifferen ce in outlays fo r con tribu tory 

and noncon tribu tory plans for nonoperating 

em p loyees with ce n ts-p e r-h o u r expenditures 

fo r noncon tribu tory plans (10 cents a paid 

hour) being double those for con tribu tory 

plans (5 cents a paid hour). About 12 p e r ­

cent of all operating em p loyees w orked for 

com pan ies without health in surance plans, but 

only 1 p ercen t of the nonoperating em p loyees 

w ere in com pan ies without plans.

U nionization seem s to have little effect 

on the le v e l of expenditures for life, acciden t, 

and health in su ran ce. E xpenditures fo r union

and nonunion em p loyees (both operating and 

nonoperating) w ere at about the sam e lev el 

as a p rop ortion of total com pen sation and in 

c o s ts -p e r -p a id hour.

P ension and R etirem en t P la n s. A lm ost 

th ree-fou rth s of all em p loyees w ere in c o m ­

panies w hich had expenditures fo r private 

pension and retirem en t plans. P ra ctica lly 

all com pan ies having expenditures had plans 

cov erin g both operating and nonoperating e m ­

p lo y e e s. T here was little d ifferen ce in the 

le v e l of paym ents during 1964 fo r operating 

and nonoperating e m p lo y e e s 1 pen sion plan s; 

paym ents fo r both constituted sligh tly over

4 p ercen t of total com pen sation. The e x ­

penditures fo r those plans va ried widely; 

those in large com pan ies ranged betw een 6 to 

8 p ercen t o f total com pen sation , betw een 3 to

5 p ercen t in m id d le -s ize d com p an ies, and 

le s s than 1 p ercen t in sm a ller com p an ies. 

The costs in com pan ies having expenditures 

fo r these plans constituted 5 .4 p ercen t of 

com pen sation and am ounted to 20 cents a paid 

hour. P ension plan expenditures fo r unionized d riv e rs w ere m uch higher (5. 9 p ercen t 

of total com pen sation) than w ere expenditures 

for nonunion d riv e rs (0. 8 p ercen t).

Sixty p ercen t of a ll nonoperating p e r ­

sonnel and 40 p ercen t of a ll operating p e r ­

sonnel w ere in com pan ies having con tribu tory 

pen sion plans; 30 p ercen t of the operating 

p erson n el and 13 p ercen t of nonoperating p e r ­

sonnel w ere in com pan ies having noncon tribu ­

tory plans. The other em p loyees w orked for 

com pan ies that had no expenditures during 

1964 fo r pension plans. C ontrary to the usual 

expenditure pattern in the m otor p assen ger 

tran sportation industry and in other in d u str ie s , em p loyer paym ents for con tribu tory 

plans by in tercity bus com panies w ere c o n ­

sid era b ly higher fo r both operating and nonoperating em p loyees (6 .6 and 6 p ercen t of 

com pen sation, re sp e ctiv e ly ), than fo r n on con ­

trib u tory plans (2. 5 p ercen t for operating; 

1.3 p ercen t fo r nonoperating). This d ifferen ce 

is d ire ctly attributable to v e ry high lev els of 

expenditures by som e o f the large com panies 

that had con tribu tory plans.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 9- Em ployer Expenditures for the Compensation of Em ployees, Intercity Buses, 1964 10

C o m p e n sa tio n p r a c t ic e

A ll e m p lo y e e s O peratin g e m p lo y e e s N on operatin g e m p lo y e e s

P e rce n t 

o f total 

com p en sa tion

Cents p e r hour P e rce n t 

o f total 

com p en s ation

C ents p e r hour P e rce n t 

o f total 

com p e n sa tio n

C ents p e r hour

P a id fo r W ork in g tim e P aid fo r W ork in g tim e P aid fo r W ork in g tim e

T o ta l ex p e n d itu re s __________________________________________ 100. 0 $3. 39 $ 3. 66 100. 0 $3. 79 $4. 09 100. 0 $ 2. 98 $ 3. 20

G ro s s p a ym en ts to w o r k e r s ______________________________________ 89. 7 $3. 04 $ 3. 28 89. 8 $3. 40 $3. 68 89. 5 $ 2. 67 $ 2. 86

S tra ig h t-tim e p a ym en ts fo r w ork in g tim e --------------------------- 8 1 .6 2. 77 2. 99 81. 8 3. 09 3. 35 80. 9 2. 42 2. 58

P re m iu m pa ym en ts ____________________________________________ . 9 . 03 . 03 . 7 . 03 . 03 1. 5 . 04 . 05

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o r k __________________ . 8 . 03 . 03 . 7 . 03 . 03 1. 3 . 04 . 04

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ___________________________________________ . 1 C ) n - - - . 2 . 01 . 01

P a y fo r lea v e tim e --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 . 9 . 23 . 25 7. 1 . 27 . 29 6. 5 . 19 . 21

V a ca tio n s _____________________________________________________ 4. 4 . 15 . 16 4. 7 . 18 . 19 3. 8 . 11 . 12

H o lid a y s _______________________________________________________ 1. 7 . 06 . 06 1. 5 . 06 . 06 1. 9 . 06 . 06

S ick le a v e _____________________________ ________________________ . 8 . 03 . 03 • 9 . 03 . 04 . 8 . 02 . 03

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ---------------------------------------------------- (M n O (M (* ) (* ) (* ) i1 ) (' )

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s _________________________________________ . 3 . 01 . 01 . 2 . 01 . 01 . 6 . 02 . 02

T e rm in a l p a ym en ts ____________________________________________ (l ) C ) (‘ ) (M (1 ) (* ) (* ) (* ) C )

E x p en d itu res in a ddition to p a y r o l l--------------------------------------------- 10. 3 . 35 . 38 10. 2 . 39 . 41 10. 5 . 31 . 34

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ---------------------------------- 3. 8 . 13 . 14 3. 7 . 14 . 15 4. 0 . 12 . 13

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ----------------------------------- 2. 4 . 08 . 09 2. 2 . 08 . 09 2. 5 . 08 . 08

U n em p loy m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ______________________________ 1. o . 03 . 03 . 9 . 03 . 04 1. 0 . 03 . 03

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and il ln e s s ----------------------------------------- . 5 . 02 . 02 . 5 . 02 . 02 . 5 . 01 . 02

O th er le g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ----------------- (M (M (M (M (l ) (l ) C ) (M (l )

P riv a te w e lfa r e plan s __________________________________________ 6. 5 . 22 . 24 6. 5 . 25 . 26 6. 5 . 19 . 21

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce ------------------------------ 2. 1 . 07 . 08 2. 0 . 08 . 08 2. 3 . 07 . 07

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t p la n s _____________________________ 4. 3 . 15 . 16 4. 4 . 17 . 18 4. 2 . 13 . 14

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t o r 0. 5 ce n ts .

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal to ta ls.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 10. Percent Distribution of A ll Em ployees by Em ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices,

as a Percent of Total Expenditures for the Compensation of E m ployees, Intercity B uses, 1964

P r a c tic e

A v era g e

expen d itu res

(p e rce n t of com p e n sa tio n )

P e r c e n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

T ota l

W ith no 

expen d itu res 

fo r the 

p r a c tic e

W ith expen d itu re s fo r the p r a c tic e as a p e r ce n t o f tota l com p en sa tion

A ll

com p an ies

C om p an ies 

w ith e x p e n d itu re s fo r 

the p r a c tic e

U nder

1

1

and

under

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

5

and

o v e r 1

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s __________ __ _____ _ ______ _ -----_ 0. 9 0. 9 100 5 63 20 6 5

.

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o r k ____________ . 8 . 8 100 5 63 26 - 5 - - -

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ________ _ —_____ . 1 . 2 100 61 39 - - - _ . .

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e _________ __ — — — -------- 6 .9 6 .9 100 2 - 7 4 7 18 12 50

V a c a t io n s _____ _ _ _ _ ____ _ ____ 4. 4 4 .4 100 2 5 4 19 8 43 14 5

Ho lid a y s _____ __________________________________________ 1 .7 1. 7 100 5 27 18 50 - - - -

S ick le a v e ____ _ _ _ . 8 1. 1 100 37 31 31 - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e __ - _ _ - (2 ) . 1 100 81 19 - - - - - _

N on p rod u ction b o n u se s ____ __ __ __ _ . 3 2. 5 100 86 10 - - - - - 4

T e rm in a l p a ym en ts ___ ____ ___ ____ _____ (2 ) . 1 100 99 1 - - - - - -

L e g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s -------------------__— 3. 8 3. 8 100 - - - 14 40 27 14 5

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o te ctio n __ _ _ _ 2. 4 2 .4 100 - - - 87 13 - - -

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a tio n . 1. 0 1. 0 100 - 42 52 2 3 - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and il ln e s s . — -------- _. __ . 5 . 5 100 6 84 9 2 - - - -

O th er le g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g ra m s _______ (2 ) . 1 100 90 10 - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s -------- -------- - - — - 6. 5 6 . 5 100 2 18 12 1 - 6 10 50

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in s u r a n c e ______________ 2. 1 2. 2 100 7 14 26 41 12 - - -

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t p la n s _______________________ 4. 3 5. 4 100 28 12 “

10 5 ~

45

1 The d istrib u tio n o f em p lo y m e n t in com p a n ies w ith ex p en d itu res o f 6 p e r ce n t o r m o re is w ith h eld to a vo id d is c lo s in g data fo r in dividu al co m p a n ie s.

2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r ce n t.

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in dividu al ite m s m ay not eq u al to ta ls.

T ab le 11.. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f O peratin g E m p lo y e e s by E m p lo y e r E x p en d itu res fo r S e le cte d C om p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , 

as a P e rce n t of T o ta l E x p en d itu res fo r the C o m p en sa tion o f E m p lo y e e s, In tercity B u s e s, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v era g e

expen d itu res

(p e rce n t of com p e n sa tio n )

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith e x p en d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e as a p e r ce n t o f to ta l com p e n sa tio n

C om p an ies T ota l expen d itu res 1 2 3 4 5 6

A ll w ith e x p e n d i­ fo r the U nder and

com p an ies tu re s fo r p r a c tic e 1 under and

the p r a c tic e 2 3 4 5 6 o v e r 1

P re m iu m p a y m en ts __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 0. 7 0. 8 100 24 52 10 14

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk ____________ .7 . 8 100 24 52 - 10 14 - - -

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e _________ _ __________ _ ----- _ 7. 1 7. 2 100 4 - 7 6 13 10 11 48

V a ca tio n s __ ________ ___ — _ _ __ __ ______ 4 . 7 4. 8 100 4 7 2 21 6 6 47 7

H o lid a y s __________ _____________ ______ __ __ - 1. 5 1. 9 100 28 13 24 35 - - - -

S ick le a v e _____________ _ __ __ _ _ ----- . 9 1. 2 100 45 14 41 - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e __ _ _ __ _ (2 ) . 1 100 81 19 - - - - - -

N on p rod u ction b o n u se s _ ____ _____ __ ____ ___ ___ . 2 1. 5 100 86 10 - - - 4 - -

T e rm in a l p a y m e n t s _______ ______________________ (2 ) . 1 100 99 1 - - - - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ___ _____ 3 .7 3. 7 100 - - - 18 35 22 14 11

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ____ _______ _ 2. 2 2. 2 100 - - 42 41 18 - - -

U n em p loy m en t co m p e n s a tio n _______________________ _ . 9 .9 100 - 68 22 4 6 - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and il ln e s s __________________ __ . 5 .6 100 10 81 8 1 - - - -

O ther le g a lly r e q u ir e d in su ra n ce p r o g ra m s ___ _ (2 ) . 1 100 90 10 - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s _____ __ _ _________ _____ _ 6. 5 6 . 5 100 4 16 16 1 - 6 10 47

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in su ra n ce ______________ 2. 0 2. 1 100 12 9 16 51 12 - - -

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t plans _ _ _ _ ___ 4 .4 5 .4 100 29 13 1 10 "

7 41

1 The d istrib u tio n o f em p lo y m e n t in com p an ies w ith expen d itu res o f 6 p e r ce n t o r m o re is w ith h eld to a void d is c lo s in g data fo r in dividu al co m p a n ie s.

2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r ce n t.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 12. P ercent Distribution of Nonoperating Em ployees by Em ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices,

as a Percent of Total Expenditures for the Compensation of E m ployees, Intercity Buses, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e

expen d itu res

(p e rce n t o f com p en sa tion )

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith expen ditu re*s fo r the p r a c tic e as a p e r ce n t o f tota l co m p en sa tion

C om panies T ota l ex p en d itu res 1 2 3 4 5 6

A ll w ith e x p en d i- fo r the U nder and and com p an ies tu res fo r p r a c tic e 1 under

the p ra ctice 2 3 4 5 6 o v e r 1

P re m iu m pa ym en ts ____________________________________ 1. 5 1.5 100 5 26 47 5 14 1 2 _

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk __ __ 1. 3 1. 3 100 5 61 13 5 14 1 2 -

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls __________________________________ _ . 2 .4 100 55 45 - - - - - _

P a y fo r le a v e tim e ________________________________________ 6. 5 6. 5 100 - - 3 2 13 8 10 62

V a ca tio n s _________________________________________ ____ 3. 8 3. 8 100 - - 11 1 60 9 19 _

H olid ays 1. 9 1. 9 100 5 21 12 63 - - - -

S ick le a v e ___________________________________________ __ . 8 1. 1 100 33 33 34 - - - - _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ------------------- --------------- (2 ) (2 ) 100 81 19 - - - - - _

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s _________________________________ - .6 15. 5 100 96 (2) - - - - - 4

T e rm in a l p a y m e n t s _______________________________________ (2 ) (2 ) 100 99 1 - - - - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s -------------------------- 4. 0 4. 0 100 - - 1 - 33 55 7 4

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n --------------------------- 2. 5 2.6 100 1 - - 86 12 - - -

U n em p loy m en t co m p e n s a tio n ________________________ 1. 0 1. 0 100 - 56 43 (2 ) 1 - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and il ln e s s _____________________ . 5 . 5 100 1 87 9 3 - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s _ ----- (2 ) . 1 100 90 10 - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s ________________________________ _ 6. 5 6. 5 100 - 19 10 (2 ) 7 - - 64

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce --------------------- 2. 3 2. 3 100 1 19 24 52 - 4 - _

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s _____________________ 4. 2 5. 3 100 27 1 12 10 " " 49

1 The d istrib u tio n o f em p lo y m e n t in co m p a n ie s w ith expen d itu res o f 6 p e r ce n t o r m o re is w ith h eld to a void d is c lo s in g data fo r in dividu a l co m p a n ie s.

2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r ce n t o f co m p e n sa tio n o r 0. 5 p e rce n t o f w o rk e rs.

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in dividu a l item s m a y not equal to ta ls.

T ab le 13. P e rce n t D istrib u tio n o f A ll E m p loy ees b y E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S e le cte d C o m p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , in C ents P e r P a id H ou r, In te rcity B u s e s, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e expen d itu res 

(in cen ts p e r h our)

P e rce n t o f w o r k e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith e x p en d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e in cen ts p e r paid hour

C om pan ies T otal expen d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

A ll w ith ex pen d i­ fo r the Under and

co m p a n ie s tu res fo r p r a c tic e 2 under and

the p r a c tic e 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 o v e r 1

P re m iu m p a ym en ts ____________________________ 3. 0 3. 2 100 5 17 50 23 . 5

_ _ _ . . .

O v e r tim e , w eeken d , and h o lid a y w o rk — 2. 8 2. 9 100 5 48 19 23 - 5 - - - - - -

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ___________________________ . 3 . 7 100 61 39 - - - - - - _ _ - _

P a y fo r lea v e tim e _____________________________ 23. 4 23. 5 100 2 - 5 2 6 5 1 16 13 _ - 50

V a c a t io n s ____________ __________ __________ 14. 8 14. 9 100 2 5 (2 ) 4 9 12 12 6 _ _ 37 14

H o lid a y s ____________ __ __________________ ___ 5. 7 5. 8 100 5 27 8 10 5 45 - - - _ - _

S ick le a v e ------------------- --------------------------------- 2. 8 4. 3 100 37 18 14 - 31 - - _ _ _ - _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------------- (2 ) . 3 100 81 19 - - - - _ _ - _ _ _

N on prod u ction b o n u s e s ______________________ 1. 2 7. 0 100 86 10 - - - - - - - - - 4

T e rm in a l p a y _________________________________ _ (2 ) . 3 100 99 1 - - - - - - - - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ______ 13. 0 13. 0 100 - - - -

(2 ) 2 43 10 39 5 - -

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n _______ 8. 0 8. 0 100 - - - 1 45 54 - - - - - -

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a tio n _____________ 3. 2 3. 2 100 - 24 39 34 - 3 - - - - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l ln e s s __ ____ 1. 7 1. 8 100 6 77 9 9 - - - - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------------------------ (2 ) . 3 100 90 10 - - - -• - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s _________________________ 22. 0 22. 1 100 2 10 13 7 _ 1 _ 6 _ 10 _ 50

L ife , a ccid en t, and h ealth in s u r a n c e _____ 7. 3 7. 5 100 7 6 13 8 24 31 11 - _ - - -

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p l a n s _____ 1--------- 14. 7 19. 6 100 28 4 7 -

10 5 " -

45

1 The d istrib u tio n o f e m p lo y m e n t in co m p a n ie s with ex pen d itu res o f 20 cen ts o r m o re p e r paid h ou r is w ithheld to a void d is c lo s in g data fo r in dividu a l co m p a n ie s.

2 L e s s than 0. 05 ce n ts o r 0. 5 p e r ce n t o f w o rk e r s.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 14. P ercent Distribution of Operating Employees by Em ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices, in Cents P er Paid Hour, Intercity Buses, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e expen d itu res 

(in cen ts per hour)

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith ex p en d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e in cen ts p e r pa id hour

C om pan ies T ota l expen d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

A ll w ith expundi- fo r the U nder and

com p an ies tu res for p r a c t ic e 2 under and

the p r a c tic e 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 o v e r 1

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s ----------- ----------------------------- 2.6 3. 4 100 24 39 13 10 _ 7 7 _ _ _ _ .

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk _ 2. 6 3. 4 100 24 39 13 10 - 7 7 - - - - -

P a y fo r le a v e tim e _____________________________ 27. 1 2 7 .4 100 4 - 7 2 (2 ) 11 15 1 - 6 - 53

V a ca tio n s ------------------------------------------------ - 18. 0 18. 2 100 4 7 - 3 17 5 4 1 - 6 6 48

H o lid a y s _________________________ - - -------- 5. 8 7 .7 100 28 13 1 10 - 19 29 - - - - -

S ick le a v e ____________________ _ ----------------- 3. 3 5 .4 100 45 8 7 - 41 - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e __________________ . 1 . 4 100 81 19 - - - - - - - - - -

N on p rod u ction b o n u se s _________________ __ ___ .6 3. 8 100 86 10 - - - - - 4 - - - -

T e rm in a l p a y _________ _____ ________________ (2 ) . 5 100 99 1 - - - - - - - - - -

L e g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s --------- 13. 9 13. 9 100 - - - - (2 ) 2 17 34 35 7 - 6

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n _______ 8. 4 8 .4 100 - - - 7 25 62 6 - - - - -

U n em p loy m en t co m p e n s a tio n _____________ 3. 5 3. 5 100 - 22 39 34 - 6 - - - - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju r y and il ln e s s __________ 2. 0 2.2 100 10 40 43 7 - - - - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s ________________________________ - (2 ) . 3 100 90 10 - - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e plans _________________________ 24. 5 24. 9 100 4 15 5 6 6 - 1 10 - 6 - 48

L ift , a ccid e n t, and h ea lth in s u r a n c e ----- 7. 8 8.2 100 12 8 5 7 16 41 7 - 6 - - -

P e n sio n and r e tire m e n t p la n s ------------------- 16. 8 22. 0 100 29 7 6 11 “

7 "41

* T he d istrib u tio n o f em p lo y m e n t in com p an ies w ith ex pen d itu res o f 20 cen ts o r m o re p e r paid hou r is w ith h eld to a void d is c lo s in g data fo r in dividu a l co m p a n ie s. 

2 L e s s than 0. 05 cen ts o r 0. 5 p e rce n t o f w o rk e r s .

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n d in g, sum s o f in dividu al ite m s m ay not equ al to ta ls.

T ab le 15. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n o f N on operatin g E m p lo y e e s b y E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S e le cte d C o m p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , in C ents P e r P aid H ou r, In te rcity B u s e s, 1964

P r a c t ic e

A v e ra g e e: 

(in cents

xpendi tures 

p e r h ou r)

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

W ith no W ith ex p en d itu res fo r the p r a c t ic e in cen ts p e r paid hour

C om p an ies T otal ex pen d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

A ll

com p an ies

w ith expen d itu res fo r

fo r the 

p r a c tic e

U nder

2

and

under - - - - - - - - and

the p r a c tic e 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 o v e r 1

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s ____________________________ 4 .4 4. 5 100 5 11 52 11 10 10 . 2

_

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk __ 3. 8 3. 9 100 5 11 52 11 10 10 - 2 - - - _

Shift d iffe re n tia ls ________________________«_«_ .6 1. 3 100 55 45 - - - - - - _ - _ .

Pew fo r le a v e t i m e ___ ___________________ 19. 3 19. 3 100 - _

(2 ) 4 7 15 1 _ 10 9 - 53

V a ca tio n s ___________ __ __ ___ ___ — __ 11. 3 11. 3 100 -

(2 ) 3 7 15 1 19 34 _ 19 _ _

H o lid a y s _________________________________ __ 5 .6 5. 8 100 5 16 6 20 53 - - - - - - >

S ick le a v e ______ ______________________________ 2. 3 3. 5 100 33 32 - 34 - - - - - _ -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e __________________ (2 ) . 1 100 81 19 - _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s ________________________ 1. 7 38. 4 100 96 (2 ) - - - - - - - _ _ 4

T e rm in a l p a y _________________________________ (2 ) . 1 100 99 1 - - - - - - - _ _ _

L e g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ______ 12. 0 12. 0 100 - - - 1 2 11 42 4 35 3 - -

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n _______ 7. 5 7. 6 100 - -

(2 ) 12 22 64 - - - - - _

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a tio n __________ „ 3. 0 3. 0 100 - 31 34 35 1 - - - - _ - _

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju r y and il ln e s s __________ 1. 4 1. 4 100 1 81 14 3 - - - - - - - -

O th er le g a lly r e q u ir e d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s __________________________________ (2 ) . 4 100 90 10 - - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s _________________________ 1 9 .4 1 9.4 100 - 12 16 2 - 7 - - _ 4 _ 59

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in s u r a n c e ___ 6. 7 6. 8 100 1 12 15 17 7 44 - 4 _ _ _ _

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t p la n s _____ ___ 12. 7 17. 1 100 27 1 8 4 ~ “

10 - 49

1 T he d istrib u tio n o f em p lo y m e n t in com p an ies w ith ex p en d itu res o f 20 cen ts o r m o re p e r paid hour is w ith h eld to a void d is c lo s in g data fo r in dividu a l co m p a n ie s.

2 L e ss than 0. 05 ce n ts o r 0. 5 p e rce n t o f w o rk e r s.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chapter 4. Taxicabs

L evel and Structure o f C om pensation

C om pensation in the taxicab industryam ounted to approxim ately $1.59 for each 

paid hour during 1964. E m p loyer expenditu res fo r the com pensation of taxicab d r iv ­

ers w ere m uch low er ($ 1. 47 an hour) than 

fo r nonoperating em p loyees ($2. 17 an hour). 

Tips fro m p a sse n g e rs, h ow ever, m ay con ­

stitute a substantial p rop ortion of a taxi d r iv ­

ers ' total earn in gs. This study deals only 

with em p loyer expenditures fo r the com p en ­

sation of em p loyees, h en ce, d r iv e r s ' tip in ­

com e was not studied.

M ost (about 90 p ercen t) com pen sation ex ­

penditures in this industry w ere fo r straigh ttim e pay fo r w orking tim e. Supplem entary 

com pen sation ou tlays, amounting to 17 cents 

a paid h our, w ere v e ry low . T h ree-fifth s of 

all supplem ental expenditures w ere fo r leg a lly 

requ ired in su ran ce p ro g ra m s, such as so cia l 

secu rity , unem ploym ent in su ran ce, w orkm en's 

com pen sation, and State tem p orary d isability 

in su ran ce. A lm ost all other supplem entary 

paym ents w ere fo r paid leave and p rivate 

w elfa re plans.

During 1964, alm ost th ree-fou rth s of all 

taxicab employees w orked fo r com pan ies 

w hose outlays fo r the com pensation of em ­

p loy ees ranged fro m $1 to $2 a paid hour; 

ap proxim ately 1 out of 7 em p loyees w orked 

fo r companies having com pen sation e x ­

penditures of betw een $2.10 and $2.80, and 

the rem aining on e-eigh th w ere em ployed by 

cab com panies having expenditures of le ss 

than $ 1 a paid hour. 20 A ll operating em ­

p loy ees w ere in com pan ies which had c o m ­

pensation expenditures of under $ 3 an h our,

20 Prior to 1967, taxicab companies were not covered by 

the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The 1966 

amendments to the act required cab companies which had annual 

receipts of $500,000 or more to pay employees a minimum of $1 

for each hour worked. In addition, new union agreements have 

been negotiated in the taxicab industry since this study was conducted. Thus, although some small companies are still not 

covered by FLSA and many are still unorganized, the dual impact 

of these recent developments may have caused a considerable upward shifting in this distribution of company expenditures for the 

compensation of employees. This shift, however, may not have 

any discernible impact on companies which have the lowest levels 

of expenditures since some of these have less than $500, 000 in 

receipts, and thus are not covered by the FLSA and may, in 

addition, still be unaffected by the changing union situation in 

the industry.

tw o-fifth s of these d riv e rs being in com panies 

w hose expenditures ranged fro m $1. 50 to 

$1.80 a paid hour. A som ew hat d ifferen t 

com pen sation d istribu tion was evident fo r 

nonoperating p erson n el. E xpenditures f o r 

th eir com pensation ranged fro m le ss than $ 1 

a paid hour to m o re than $4 with 2 out of 3 

being em ployed by com panies w hose expen ditu res ranged fro m $1.50 to $2.80.

There w ere som e differences in the 

stru ctu re o f expenditures fo r supplem ents b e ­

tween the operating and nonoperating em ployee 

grou ps. The m ost sign ifican t d ifferen ce was 

that although ov er th ree-fifth s of all su pplem ental expenditures fo r operating em p loyees 

w ere fo r legally requ ired p rog ra m s, le s s than 

on e-h a lf of all supplem ental expenditures fo r 

nonoperating em p loyees w ere for these p r o ­

g ra m s. T here w ere also im portant d iffe r ­

en ces in the p rop ortion s of payments fo r 

leave tim e and p rivate w elfa re plans. P aid 

leave expenditures constituted 30 p ercen t of 

the supplem ental expenditures fo r n on op erating em p loyees, but only 15 p ercen t o f the 

total fo r ca b d riv e rs. On the other hand, 

expenditures for private w elfa re plans c o n ­

stituted alm ost 20 p ercen t o f the supplem ental 

expenditures fo r ca b d riv e rs, but only 12 p e r ­

cent of the total fo r nonoperating em p loyees.

P rev a len ce of Supplem ents

Only two p riva tely inititated supplem ents, 

vacations and life , acciden t, and health in su rance w ere fa irly com m on in the taxicab industry. About th ree-fou rth s of all operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees w ere in com panies 

having expenditures fo r vacation s, and tw othirds of all operating em ployees w ere in 

com panies having expenditures fo r life , a c c ident, and health in su ran ce plans. L ess than 

on e-h a lf of operating o r nonoperating em p loyees w ere in com pan ies which had expenditures 

fo r any of the other supplem ents to straighttim e pay fo r w orking tim e that w ere su bject 

to p rivate d ecision . None of the com pan ies 

studied rep orted having m ade term in al p a y ­

m ents fo r either em ployee group, and none 

of them rep orted any expenditures fo r sick , 

c iv ic , a n d /o r p erson a l leave, o v ertim e p r e ­

m ium s, o r shift d ifferen tials fo r operating 

employees. In addition, only a m inim al 

num ber (3 p ercen t) of all operating em p loyees worked fo r com pan ies having holiday 

paym ents.

28

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 6. THE STRUCTURE OF COMPENSATION, TAXICABS, 1964

(CENTS PER PAID HOUR)

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
30

All com pan ies had expenditures fo r s o ­

cia l secu rity and unem ploym ent com pensation 

in su ran ce, and alm ost all had expenditures 

fo r w ork m en 's com pensation.

P aid Leave

P ay fo r leave tim e m ade up 2 p ercen t 

of all com pen sation outlays in the industry. 

E igh ty-five p ercen t of these leave paym ents 

w ere fo r vacation s; 14 p ercen t fo r h olidays; 

and le ss than 1 p ercen t fo r sick , c iv ic , and 

person a l lea ve. A lm ost all paid leave fo r 

ca b d riv ers was fo r vacation s; only a sm all 

amount of holiday pay was rep orted . T h reefourths o f all leave expenditures fo r nonoperating em ployees w ere fo r vacation s; a lm ost all other leave paym ents w ere fo r paid 

h olidays.

L eave expenditures fo r nonoperating em ­

p loy ees constituted alm ost tw ice as la rge a 

p r o p o r t i o n (3.2 p ercen t) o f total c o m ­

pensation as did the expenditures (1.7 p e r ­

cent) fo r operating em p loyees. Although m ost 

operating em ployees w ere in com panies which 

had leave paym ents of under 3 p ercen t of total 

com pen sation, t h e nonoperating em p loyees 

w ere distribu ted fa irly evenly am ong c o m ­

panies having expenditures of betw een 1 to 6 

p ercen t o f com pen sation.

P aid vacations constituted 2 p ercen t of 

total compensation outlays of com panies 

having this type of leave. V acation paym ents 

to nonoperating em p loyees constituted a 

higher p rop ortion (2. 6 p ercen t) of com p en ­

sation than did paym ents to operating em p loy ­

ees (1.9 p ercen t). P ra ctica lly all com panies 

had vacation expenditures of under 4 p ercen t 

of total com pen sation, although vacation p aym ents fo r operating em p loyees in a few c o m ­

panies ran as high as 6 p ercen t.

H oliday pay fo r nonoperating em p loyees 

constituted slightly le ss than 1 p ercen t of the 

in du stries total com pensation outlays fo r such 

w o rk e rs. Am ong com panies having expen ditures fo r paid h olidays, these paym ents con ­

stitute about 1.5 percent of nonoperating 

w ork ers com pensation. A lm ost all com panies 

rep orted holiday expenditures f o r n on op erating em p loyees of less than 2 p ercen t of 

com pen sation. H oliday pay fo r ca b d riv ers 

was rep orted by only a handful of union c o m ­

pan ies. H ow ever, these com p a n ies' holiday 

expenditures constituted sligh tly ov er 2.5 p e rcent of th eir com pensation costs.

In gen era l, leave expenditures w ere m ore 

p revalen t in com panies having unionized d r iv ­

ers o r unionized nonoperating em p loyees than 

in nonunion com pan ies. Although paid leave

expenditures constituted 2. 6 p ercen t of co m ­

pensation fo r unionized ca b d riv e rs, they con ­

stituted only 1. 2 p ercen t of com pensation fo r 

nonunion d riv e rs . S im ila rly , expenditures fo r 

unionized nonoperating employees w ere a 

grea ter p rop ortion (4.2 p ercen t) of total co m ­

pensation than fo r th eir nonunion cou nterparts 

(3 p ercen t).

P rem iu m Paym ents

During 1964, p rem iu m overtim e and shift 

pay w ere rare in the taxicab industry. A ll 

the expenditures rep orted in this study w ere 

confined to paym ents to nonoperating em p loyees with a lm ost all of these paym ents being 

fo r ov ertim e. A ll com panies having ov ertim e 

prem iu m s rep orted expenditures of le ss than 

5 p ercen t of total com pen sation, and only a 

few reported expenditures of 3 p ercen t or 

m ore.

N onproduction B onuses

A pproxim ately on e-th ird of both the o p e r ­

ating and nonoperating em p loyees w ere in 

com panies that paid nonproduction bonuses 

during 1964. Although bonuses fo r both em ­

p loyee groups constituted only 0. 7 p ercen t of 

total com pen sation, there was con sid era b le 

variation in the lev el of bonuses in the variou s 

com p an ies. Bonus paym ents fo r operating 

em ployees ranged up to 9 p ercen t of total 

com pen sation, and bonus expenditures for 

nonoperating em ployees ranged up to 5 p e r ­

cent of total com pen sation outlays.

L egally R equired Insurance P rog ra m s

In con trast to m ost in d u stries, em p loyer 

expenditures fo r legally requ ired in su ran ce 

p rog ra m s in taxicab com panies during 1964 

constituted the m a jor elem ents of supplem ental com pen sation. E xpenditures fo r these 

p rog ra m s w ere 2>l U tim es as large as the next 

highest supplem ent, paid leave, and w ere app roxim a tely 40 p ercen t g rea ter than exp en ditures fo r all of the other supplem ents (inclu ding paid leave) com bined. A lm ost o n e-h a lf of 

these lega lly requ ired expenditures w ere fo r 

so cia l secu rity , and the rem aining on e-h a lf 

w ere a lm ost evenly divided betw een unem ­

ploym ent in su ran ce and w ork m en 's com pen ­

sation co sts. E xpenditures fo r other lega lly 

requ ired insurance p rogra m s w ere very 

m in or.

L egally requ ired expenditures fo r o p e rating em ployees m ade up a grea ter p rop ortion 

(7 p ercen t) of all com pen sation outlays than 

did like expenditures fo r nonoperating e m ­

p loy ees (5 p ercen t). H igher costs fo r w ork ­

m en 's com pen sation fo r the ca b d riv ers a c ­

counted fo r m uch of this d iffe re n ce .

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chart 7. EMPLOYER EXPENDITURES FOR SUPPLEMENTARY COMPENSATION 

FOR OPERATING AND NONOPERATING EMPLOYEES, TAXICABS, 1964

PERCENT OF COMPENSATION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Paid leave

Premium pay

Bonuses

Legally required

insurance

programs

Private

welfare plans

0

Paid leave

Premium pay

Bonuses

Legally required

insurance

programs

Private

welfare plans

- h

2

T

CENTS PER PAID HOUR

6 8 10

3

] OPERATING

NONOPERATING

-^No premium payments were reported for operating employees during 1964.

12

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
32

P riv a te W elfare Plans

P rivate w elfa re plans in the taxicab in ­

dustry are a rela tively m in or fa cto r in the 

com pen sation p ictu re. The large num ber of 

transient and p a rt-tim e em p loyees in the in ­

dustry and the low in cid en ce of unionization 

during 1964, the referen ce y ea r o f the study, 

m ay be resp on sib le.

L ife , acciden t, and health insu ran ce plans 

w ere the only private w elfare supplem ents of 

any con sequ ence in the industry. T w o-th irds 

of all ca b d riv ers and a lm ost half of all nonoperating employees w ere in com panies 

having paym ents fo r these plans. E xpenditures 

as a p rop ortion of total com pen sation w ere 

alm ost tw ice as large (1.5 p ercen t) fo r the 

operating em ployees than fo r the nonoperating 

em p loyees (0. 8 p ercen t). E xpenditures fo r 

the operating em p loyees ranged fro m 

under 1 to 7 p ercen t of total com pen sation, 

but all expenditures rep orted fo r nonoperating 

em p loyees w ere le ss than 4 p ercen t of total 

com pen sation.

O ver 50 p ercen t of all ca b d riv ers and 

about 25 p ercen t of all nonoperating p erson n el

w orked fo r com pan ies having noncon tribu tory 

health in su ran ce plans; 15 p ercen t of all d riv ­

ers and about 20 p ercen t of all nonoperating 

p erson n el w ere in com panies having con trib ­

utory plans. N oncontributory plan expen ditures fo r' ca b d riv ers constituted a slightly 

higher p rop ortion of com pensation (2. 1 p e r ­

cent) than did expenditures in companies 

having con tribu tory plans. N oncontributory 

plan expenditures fo r nonoperating p erson n el 

constituted about 1% p ercen t of com pensation 

as com p ared with 1 p ercen t o f com pensation 

in com panies with con tribu tory plans. About 

on e-th ird of all ca b d riv ers and o v e r o n e-h a lf 

of all nonoperating em p loyees w ere in co m ­

panies without health in su ran ce plans.

P en sion plans w ere rare in this industry 

during 1964. Only 1 cent a paid h our, con ­

stituting le ss than on e-h a lf of 1 p ercen t of the 

in du stry's total com pen sation outlays, was 

expended fo r pen sion plans. S im ilar low 

lev els of expenditures w ere m ade fo r both 

operating and nonoperating em p loyees. A ll 

pen sion plans reported fo r nonoperating 

employees, and m ost plans rep orted fo r 

operating em ployees were n oncon tribu tory 

during 1964.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 16. Em ployer Expenditures for the Compensation of E m ployees, T axicabs, 1964

C o m p en sa tion p r a c tic e

A ll e m p lo y e e s O peratin g e m p lo y e e s N on operatin g em p lo y e e s

P e r c e n t 

o f total 

com p en s ation

C ents p e r hour P e rce n t 

o f total 

com p e n sa tio n

C en ts p e r hour P e rce n t 

o f total 

co m p e n sa tio n

C ents p e r hour

P aid fo r W ork in g tim e P a id fo r W ork in g tim e P aid fo r W orking tim e

T o ta l e x p e n d it u r e s ----------------------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 $ 1 .5 9 $ 1 .6 2 100. 0 $ 1. 47 $ 1 .4 9 100. 0 $ 2 . 17 $ 2 . 24

G r o s s p a y m en ts to w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------- — 91. 7 $ 1 .4 6 $ 1 .4 8 91. 0 $ 1 . 34 $ 1 . 36 93. 7 $ 2 .0 3 $ 2. 10

S tra ig h t-tim e pay m en ts fo r w o rk in g t i m e ----------------------------- 88. 9 1. 42 1. 44 88.6 1. 31 1. 33 89. 5 1. 93 2. 00

P re m iu m p a y m e n t s ______________________________ _________ _____ . 1 ( ! ) (M - - - . 3 . 01 . 01

O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid a y w o r k ------------- --------------- . 1 < > ( ) - - - . 3 . 01 . 01

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls _____________________________________________ <M (l ) (*) - - - n C) (M

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ____________ — ---------------------------------------------- 2. 0 . 03 . 03 1. 7 . 02 . 02 3. 2 . 07 . 07

V a c a t io n s ______________________________________________ ________ 1. 7 . 03 . 03 1. 5 . 02 . 02 2. 3 . 05 . 05

H o lid a y s --------------------------------------------------- ------ ------------------------- . 3 C ) n

. 1 (M (l ) . 8 . 02 . 02

S ick le a v e __________________________________________________ ___ (! ) < ) - - - • 1 C ) ( ! )

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ------------------------------------------------------ (M (M (l ) - - - C ) (M C )

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s ____________________ ___ _________ ________ .7 . 01 . 01 . 7 . 01 . 01 . 7 . 02 . 02

E x p en d itu res in addition to p a y r o l l ------------------------------------ --------- 8. 3 . 13 . 14 9. 0 . 13 . 13 6. 3 . 14 . 14

L e g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------ 6. 5 . 10 . 11 7. 0 . 10 . 10 5. 0 . 11 . 11

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n --------------------—-------------- 3. 1 . 05 . 05 3. 2 . 05 . 05 2. 8 . 06 . 06

U n em p loy m en t co m p e n s a tio n -------------------—------------------------ 1. 7 . 03 . 03 1. 8 . 03 . 03 1. 3 . 03 . 03

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju r y and il ln e s s ________________ —--------------- 1 .7 . 03 . 03 2. 0 . 03 . 03 . 8 . 02 . 02

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d p r o g r a m s — ------------------ — — . 1 (M (M . 1 (M (M (M (l ) (X)

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s -----------------------------------------------—-------------- 1. 8 . 03 . 03 2. 0 . 03 . 03 1. 3 . 03 . 03

L if e , a ccid e n t, and h ea lth in s u r a n c e ____________ _— -------- 1 .4 . 02 , 02 1. 5 . 02 . 02 . 8 . 02 . 02

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t p la n s __ _______ _ ---------- . 4 . 01 . 01 .4 . 01 . 01 . 5 . 01 . 01

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pa y a n d /o r su p plem en tal

u n em p loy m en t b e n e fit fu n d s ______________________________ . 1 (*) (M . 1 C ) (M (M (M (l )

1 Less than 0. 05 percent or 0. 5 cents.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

CO

CO

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 17. Percent Distribution of All Em ployees by Em ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ractices,

as a Percent of Total Expenditures for the Compensation of Em ployees, Taxicabs, 1964

A v e ra g e

expen d itu res

(p e rce n t o f com p en sa tion )

P e r c e n t of w o rk e rs in co m p a n ie s—

P r a c t ic e W ith no With ex pen d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e as a p e r ce n t o f total com p e n sa tio n

A ll

com p an ies

C om pan ies 

with e x p e n d itu res fo r 

the p r a c tic e

T ota l ex pen d itu res 

fo r the 

p r a c tic e

U nder

1

1

and

under

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

10

10

11

11

and

o v e r

P re m iu m paym en ts --------------------------------------------------- 0. 1 0. 3 100 73 26 ( ! )

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _

O v e r tim e , w eeken d , and h o lid a y w o r k ---------- . 1 . 3 100 76 24 (*) - - - - - - - - - -

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls -------------------------------------------------- (M (* ) 100 86 14 - - - - - - - - - - -

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ---------------------------------------------------- 2. 0 2. 3 100 17 16 22 30 9 3 2 1 - - - - -

V a c a t io n s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 7 2. 0 100 17 17 28 30 6 1 0 ) - - - - - -

H olid ay s ----------------------------------------------------------------- . 3 . 5 100 55 39 2 3 - - - - - - - -

S ick le a v e ---------------------------------------------------------------- C ) . 1 100 77 23 - - - - - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------------------ C ) (M 100 94 6 - - - - - - - - - - -

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s --------------------------------------------- . 7 1. 3 100 48 26 16 7 2 - -

(*) - - - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ----------------- 6. 5 6. 5 100 - - - - 3 11 21 35 15 8 5 - 2

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------------- 3. 1 3. 1 100 - - 2 19 79 - - - - - - - -

U n em p loym en t co m p e n s a tio n ----------------------------- 1.7 1.7 100 - 19 51 29 2 - - - - - - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l ln e s s ------------------------ 1.7 2. 0 100 21 23 24 19 5 5 1 2 - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — . 1 . 2 100 73 27 - - - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e plan s ----------------------------------------------- 1.8 2 .4 100 31 31 9 7 7 2 6 ] 3 - - 3 -

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in s u r a n c e ------------- 1 .4 1 .9 100 33 30 12 10 4 5 5 - - - - - -

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s ---------------------------

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r su p p le ­

.4 1.8 100 80 9 6 (*) 1 *

3 _ - - "

m en ta l u n em p loy m en t b e n e fit fu n d s ------------- . 1 1 .4 100 97 " 3 " “ “ '

1 L e ss than 0. 05 p e r c e n t o f co m p e n sa tio n o r 0. 5 p e r ce n t o f w o rk e r s . 

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in dividu a l item s m ay not equal totals.

T ab le 18. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f O perating E m p lo y e e s by E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S e le cte d C om p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , 

as a P e rce n t o f T otal E xpen d itu res fo r the C om p en sa tion o f E m p lo y e e s, T a x ica b s, 1964

A v e ra g e P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

ex pen d itu res

P r a c t ic e

(p e rce n t o f com p en sa tion ) W ith no With ex pen d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e as a p e r ce n t o f total ex pen d itu res

C om p an ies T otal ex pen d itu res 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

A ll with ex pen d i­ fo r the U nder and and

com p an ies tu res fo r p r a c tic e 1 u nder

the p r a c tic e 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 over

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ---------------------------------------------------- 1. 7 2. 0 100 26 14 31 21 3 1 4 O

_ _ _ _

V a ca tio n s----------------------------------------------------------------- 1.5 1 .9 100 26 14 31 24 3 1 1 C ) - - - - -

H o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------ . 1 2.6 100 97 - - 3 - - - - - - - - -

N on prod u ction bon u ses -------------------------------------------- . 7 1.7 100 65 13 5 15 2 - - - - (M - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ----------------- 7. 0 7. 0 100 - - - - 1 10 20 27 17 i i 9 3 2

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------------- 3. 2 3. 2 100 - - 2 8 89 - - - - - - - -

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a tio n ----------------------------- 1. 8 1. 8 100 - 15 46 32 7 - - - - - - - -

O ccu p a tion a l in ju ry and i l ln e s s ------------------------ 2. 0 2. 3 100 17 19 21 25 7 2 7 2 - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — . 1 . 2 100 72 28 - - - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e plan s ----------------------------------------------- 2. 0 2. 6 100 32 30 13 7 3 3 6 3 (M i - - 3

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in s u r a n c e ------------- 1. 5 2. 1 100 34 28 14 5 4 6 6 3 - - - - -

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s --------------------------- .4 2. 1 100 83 9 4 - - 1 3 - - - - - -

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r

su p plem en tal u n e m p loy m en t b e n e fit

funds --------------------------------------------------------------------- . 1 1.7 100 97 “ 3

' '

1 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r ce n t.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 19. Percent Distribution of Nonoperating Em ployees by E m ployer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices,

as a Percent of Total Expenditures for the Compensation of Em ployees, Taxicabs, 1964

Average Percent of workers in companies—

(percent of compensation)

With no

expenditures

for the practice

With expenditures for the practice as a percent of total compensation

All

companies

Companies with

expenditures for

the practice

Total Under

1

1

and

under

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

and

over

Premium payments----------------------------------------------- 0. 3 1. 2 100 80 9 7 3 1 (!) _ _ _

Overtime, weekend, and holiday w ork--------- . 3 1. 3 100 82 7 7 3 1 (M - - -

Shift differentials--------------------------------------------- (*) . 2 100 89 11 - - - - - -

Pay for leave tim e ------------------------------------------------ 3. 2 3.6 100 23 8 14 14 11 11 17 3 -

Vacations---------------------------------------------------------- 2. 3 2. 6 100 23 8 17 23 30 (*) - _ -

Holidays------------------------------------------------------------- .8 1.6 100 63 5 29 2 1 - - -

Sick leave---------------------------------------------------------- . 1 .4 100 83 15 2 - - - - _ _

Civic and personal leave--------------------------------- (M (M 100 96 4 - - - - - - -

Nonproduction bonuses------------------------------------------ . 7 1.9 100 70 12 5 8 3 2 - - -

Legally required insurance programs -------------- 5. 0 5. 0 100 - - - 1 11 43 25 19 -

Retirement income and protection----------------- 2.8 2. 8 100 - - 9 36 55 - - - -

Unemployment compensation-------------------------- 1. 3 1. 3 100 - 30 54 16 - - - - -

Occupational injury and illness---------------------- .8 1. 1 100 37 36 24 3 - - - - -

Other legally required insurance programs— (*) .2 100 85 15 - - - - - - -

Private welfare plans------------------------------------------- 1. 3 2. 3 100 52 25 3 9 5 5 - - 1

Life, accident, and health insurance------------- .8 1.4 100 55 23 8 8 6 - - - _

Pension and retirement plans-------------------------

Severance or dismissal pay and/or

supplemental unemployment benefit

. 5 2.9 100 86 7 4 2 1

funds --------------------------------------------------------------- (M . 5 100 99 1 " " " ~ " “

1 Less than 0. 05 percent of compensation or 0.5 percent of workers.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Table 20. Percent Distribution of All Employees by Employer Expenditures for Selected Compensation Practices, in Cents Per Paid Hour, Taxicabs, 1964

A v e ra g e expen ditu res P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

(in cen ts p e r hour)

W ith no W ith ex p e n d itu re s fo r the p r a c tic e in ce n ts p e r paid hou r

P r a c t ic e

A ll

com p an ies

C om panies 

with e x p en d itu res fo r 

the p r a c tic e

T otal e x p en d itu res 

fo r the 

p r a c t ic e

U nder

2

2

and

u n d er

4

4

6

6

8

8

10

10

12

12

14

14

16

16

18

18

20

20

22

22

and

o v e r

P r e m iu m p a y m e n t s --------------------------------------------------- 0 . 1 0. 5 100 73 27 . .

O v e r tim e , w e ek en d , and h o lid a y w o rk ------------ . 1 . 5 100 76 24 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _

S hift d iffe r e n t ia ls -------------------------------------------------- (M .1 100 86 14 - - - - - - - - _ _ -

P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ---------------------------------------------------- 3. 2 3 .8 100 17 23 23 26 4 2 3 - 2 _ _ C) _

V a ca tio n s___________— — — — — — — __ 2 .7 3. 3 100 17 23 32 22 4 3 - - _ _ _ _

H o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------ .4 .9 100 55 39 1 5 - - - - - - - - -

S ick le a v e --------------------------------------------------------------- • (l ) . 1 100 77 23 - - - - - - - - - . -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------------------- (‘ ) (*) 100 94 6 - - - - - - - - - - _

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s --------------------------------------------- 1. 1 2. 1 100 48 34 10 6 2 - 0 ) - - - - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ----------------- 10. 3 10. 3 100 - - 3 8 15 22 20 9 11 9 - 3 (M

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------------- 4. 9 4 .9 100 - - 21 54 23 2 C ) - - - - -

U n em p loy m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ---------------------------- 2.6 2.6 100 - 29 49 23 (M - - - - - - - _

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju r y and i l ln e s s ------------------------ 2. 6 3. 3 100 21 23 29 16 - 5 3 - - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — . 1 .4 100 73 27 - - - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e p l a n s ----------------------------------------------- 2. 9 4. 1 100 31 35 7 9 6 6 1 - 3 - -

(*) 3

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in su ra n ce -------------- 2. 1 3. 2 100 33 33 9 13 1 9 3 (l ) - - - _

P e n sio n and re tir e m e n t p la n s ---------------------------

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r 

su p p lem en ta l u n em p lo y m e n t b e n e fit

.6 3 .4 100 80 13 3 1 (‘ ) 3

' ' '

funds --------------------------------------------------------------------- - 1

3. 2 100 97 3 " " " " -

1 Less than 0. 05 cents or 0. 5 percent of w orkers.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 21. P ercen t D istribution of Operating Employees by Employer Expenditures for Selected Compensation P ra ctices, in Cents P er Paid Hour, Taxicabs, 1964

A v era g e expen d itu res P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

P r a c t ic e

(in cen ts p e r h ou r)

W ith no W ith expen d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e in cen ts p e r paid hour

C om pan ies T otal ex pen d itu res 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

A ll w ith expen d i- fo r the U nder and and

com p an ies tu res fo r p r a c tic e 2 u n der

the p r a c tic e 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 o v e r

'Pfiy fn r U m e - - 2. 4 3. 3 100 26 18 33 18 1 1 3 (* )

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 3 i 3. 1 100 26 18 33 21 1 1 - - _ - - n

H o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------ . 2 5. 5 100 97 - - 3 - - - - - - - -

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s --------------------------------------------- 1. 1 2. 8 100 65 16 10 7 2 - -

(M - - - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ------------------ 10. 3 10. 3 100 - - 4 8 16 16 28 i i 4 11 - 3 ( M

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------------- 4. 7 4. 7 100 - 1 28 60 10 ( M - - - - - - -

U n em p loy m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ----------------------------- 2. 6 2. 6 100 - 33 44 23 C )

- - - - - - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l ln e s s ------------------------ 2 .9 3. 5 100 17 26 30 18 1 3 5 - ~ - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — . 1 . 4 100 72 28 - - - - - - - - - - -

P riv e t* p la n *3 ..... ....... - - 2. 9 4. 2 

3. 3

100 32 31 13 9 2 6 3 i 3

L ife , a ccid e n t, and health in s u r a n c e ------------- 2. 2 100 34 29 13 10 5 5 3 _ - _

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s ---------------------------

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r

.6 3. 6 100 83 13 1 _ 3 n " “ ~

su p p le m e n ta l u n em p loy m en t b e n e fit 

funds --------------------------------------------------------------------- . 1 3. 3 100 97 - 3 - - - - - - - - - -

1 L e ss than 0. 5 p e r ce n t.

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l item s m ay not equal totals.

T ab le 22. P e r c e n t D is trib u tio n o f N on operatin g E m p loy ees by E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S e le cte d C om p en sation P r a c t ic e s , in Cents P e r P aid H ou r, T a x ica b s, 1964

A v e ra g e expen d itu res P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in co m p a n ie s—

P r a c t ic e

(in cents p e r h ou r)

W ith no W ith ex pen d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e in cen ts p e r paid hour

A ll

com p an ies

C om pan ies 

with ex pen d itu res fo r 

the p r a c tic e

Total ex pen d itu res 

fo r the 

p r a c t ic e

U nder

2

2

and

under

3

4

6

6

8

8

10

10

12

12

14

14

16

16

18

18

20

20

22

22

and

o v e r

P r e m iu m p a ym en ts --------------------------------------------------- 0. 7 3. 5 100 80 9 3 3 4 1 _ _ _ _ _ _

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h o lid a y w o r k ----------- . 7 3. 6 100 82 7 3 5 2 1 - - - - - - -

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls -------------------------------------------------- . 1 . 7 100 89 9 2 - - - - - - - - - -

P ay fo r le a v e t i m e ----------------------------------------------------- 7. 0 8. 7 100 23 10 12 9 5 8 7 7 11 6 - 2 1

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5. 1 6. 4 100 23 10 12 10 20 23 1 - 1 1 - 1 -

H olid ay s -------------------------------- -------------------------------- 1.7 4. 7 100 63 4 13 12 3 3 1 - - - - - -

S ick le a v e ---------------------------------------------------------------- . 2 1. 1 100 83 16 1 1 - - - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ------------------------------------ C ) . 1 100 96 4 - - - - - - - - - - -

N on p rod u ction b o n u s e s --------------------------------------------- 1. 5 4. 5 100 70 11 5 5 5 3 1 - - 1 - - -

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s ----------------- 10. 8 10. 8 100 - - 6 6 10 27 14 13 5 13 ( M 4 ( M

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ------------------- 6. 1 6. 1 100 - 1 10 36 32 18 3 ( M - - - - -

U n em p loy m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ----------------------------- 2. 8 2. 8 100 - 35 37 23 5 - - - - - - - -

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l ln e s s ------------------------ 1.8 2. 7 100 37 29 16 16 2 ( M - - - - - - -

O th er le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — . 1 . 6 100 85 15 - - - - - - - - - - -

P riv a te w e lfa r e plan s ----------------------------------------------- 2 .9 5. 8 100 52 21 5 5 3 6 2 4 1 - - - i

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in s u r a n c e ---------------- 1.8 3 .9 100 55 21 6 5 6 4 2 C ) 1 - - - -

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s ---------------------------

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r 

su p p lem en tal u n e m p loy m en t b e n e fit

1. 1 

<*)

7. 4 100 86 4 8 2

fu n d s --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 2 100 99

'

1 - " - “ “

' '

L e s s than 0. 05 ce n ts o r 0. 5 p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s .

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chapter 5. Composition o f Payroll Hours

During 1964, 96 p ercen t of all paid hours 

for d riv ers and 94 p ercen t of all paid hours 

fo r nonoperating p erson n el in the m otor p a s ­

sen ger transportation industry w ere fo r 

w orking tim e. T h ese industryw ide a v era g es, 

which resu lt la rg ely fro m the low in ciden ce 

of leave hours in taxicab com pan ies (1.8 p e r ­

cent of total h ou rs), are m arked ly d ifferen t 

fro m those in the lo ca l tran sit and in tercity 

bus segm ents w here leave hours accounted 

for about 1 of every 13 to 14 paid hours.

P aid L eave Hours

P aid vacation hours constituted ju st over 

tw o-th ird s o f all leave hours in the m otor 

passenger tran sportation industry group; 

holiday hours constituted sligh tly ov er on efifth; and sick leave hours sligh tly under o n etenth. C ivic and p erson a l leave accounted 

fo r only a m in im al num ber o f h ou rs. V a ca ­

tion hours constituted alm ost 9 out o f 10 leave 

hours in the taxicab industry and ov er 6 out 

o f 10 leave hours in the lo c a l tran sit and 

in tercity bus in d u stries. H oliday hours a c ­

counted for a lm ost all of the rem ain d er of 

the taxicab in d u stry's leave h ours and m ost 

o f the rem aining leave hours in the lo ca l 

transit and in tercity b u ses. Only in the ta x icab industry was there any substantial d iffe r ­

ence in the com p osition o f p a y roll hours fo r 

operating a n d nonoperating em p loyees. In 

that industry, leave tim e fo r d riv e rs a c ­

counted fo r 50 percent few er paid hours 

(rela tive to total paid hours) than fo r other 

cab com pany em p loyees.

P aid V acation P r a c tic e s

T hree out of every five w ork ers in the 

m otor passenger tran sportation industry 

group received vacation pay during 1964. 

F ou r-fifth s of the nonoperating p erson n el and 

sligh tly ov er o n e-h a lf of the d riv e rs receiv ed 

such pay, and alm ost tw o-th ird s of the d r iv ­

ers and sligh tly ov er fo u r-fifth s of the nonoperating p erson n el, who receiv ed vacation 

pay, w ere paid fo r 2 w eeks o r m o re of v a ­

cation tim e.

M ost of the vacation expenditures re su lting from these p ra ctice s w ere cen tered in the 

lo ca l transit and in tercity bus in d u stries— the 

taxicab industry having a m uch low er in c idence of vacation pay. A bout 80 p ercen t of 

all lo ca l tran sit em p loyees re ce iv e d 2 weeks 

or m ore of vacation pay, with 55 p ercen t r e ­

ceiving 3 w eeks o r m o re ; m ost (67 percen t)

intercity bus em ployees also re ce iv e d 2 

w eeks o r m o re of paid vacation. T axicab 

em p loyees, g en era lly re ce iv e d le ss than 2 

w eeks of paid vacation s.

O perating and nonoperating em p loyees in 

the lo ca l tran sit industry gen erally re ce iv e d 

the sam e le v e l of vacation b en efits. O ver 

half of both em p loyee groups re ce iv e d pay fo r 

3 w eeks o r m o re o f vacation, with tw o-fifth s 

o f all nonoperating em p loyees receiv in g pay 

fo r 4 to 5 vacation w eek s. Only about 12 p e r ­

cent of either operating or nonoperating e m ­

p loy ees re ce iv e d no vacation pay during 1964.

T here was som e variation in the patterns 

of vacation pay betw een operating and nonoperating em p loyees in the in tercity bus in ­

du stry. Although only one-tenth of the nonoperating p erson n el re ce iv e d no vacation pay 

during 1964, alm ost on e-fou rth of the d riv e rs 

re ce iv e d no vacation pay. This d ifferen ce 

was p rim a rily the resu lt of sm all bus c o m ­

panies paying nonoperating em ployees fo r 

vacations but not the d r iv e r s . Although there 

was a low er in cid en ce of vacation pay fo r 

d r iv e r s , p rop ortion a lly more o f them (42 

p ercen t) re ce iv e d 3 w eeks o r m o re o f v a ­

cation than did nonoperating em p loyees (32 

p ercen t).

T axicab com p a n ies, in m any in stan ces, 

do not have vacation pay fo r either d riv e rs 

o r nonoperating p erson n el. 21 M ore than half 

the d riv e rs and sligh tly ov er tw o-fifth s of 

the nonoperating p erson n el re ce iv e d no v a ca ­

tion pay during 1964. A m a jority o f the 

d r iv e r s , w h o re ce iv e d vacation pay, w ere 

paid fo r le ss than 2 w eeks; alm ost all nonoperating p erson n el, who receiv ed vacation 

pay, w ere paid fo r betw een 1 to 3 w eeks.

P aid H oliday P ra ctice s

T here was a sharp d iffe re n ce , in the 

m otor p a ssen g er tran sportation in du stry, in 

the p ra ctice s o f paying operating and nonoperating em p loyees fo r holidays not w orked. 

T w o-th ird s of all d riv e rs w orked fo r c o m ­

panies that did not pay d riv e rs fo r holidays 

not w orked; on the other hand, o v er 70 p e r ­

cent of a ll nonoperating em p loyees w orked 

fo r com pan ies w here the p revailin g p ra ctice 

was to pay them fo r 3 h olidays o r m o re .

^ Some cab company employees, however, may have

worked in full-tim e capacities in other industries— in which

situations they may have received pay for vacations and other

leave tim e.

37

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
38

This sharp con trast is becau se ca b d riv e rs, 

who constitute about 45 p ercen t of all d riv e rs 

in the m otor p a ssen ger industry grou p, s e ldom re ce iv e d paid h olidays.

During 1964, ov er th ree-fou rth s of all 

lo ca l tran sit d riv e rs w orked fo r com panies 

w here the usual p ra ctice was to pay them fo r 

4 holidays o r m o re ; the g rea test con cen tration 

of d riv e rs (30 p ercen t) being in com panies 

having a p ra ctice of paying fo r 7 h olidays. 

N onoperating p erson n el in the industry n o r ­

m ally re ce iv e d 5 to 8 paid h olidays.

S eventy-tw o p ercen t of all in tercity b u sd riv e rs w ere em ployed by com pan ies with a 

p ra ctice o f paying fo r h olidays; 47 p ercen t 

w ere in com pan ies w hich had 7 paid h olidays; 

and 19 p ercen t w ere in com pan ies which had 

6 paid h olidays. In 1964, o v e r fo u r-fifth s of 

all nonoperating p erson n el in in tercity bus 

com pan ies w orked fo r com pan ies having a 

p ra ctice of paying fo r either 6 o r 7 h o lidays— the m a jority (58 p ercen t) being in c o m ­

panies having 7 paid h olidays.

Although alm ost all ca b d riv ers receiv ed 

no paid h olidays; about on e-th ird of the n on ­

operating p erson n el w ere in com panies that 

did pay them fo r h olidays not w orked— 5 o r 

6 paid holidays being the usual p ra ctice .

N orm al W orkw eek P ra ctice s

S ix ty -fiv e percent o f all nonoperating 

em ployees in the m otor p a ssen g er tra n sp o rtation industry w ere em ployed by com pan ies 

in which 40 hours was the usual w orkw eek 

fo r the m a jority o f the em p loyees; 26 p ercen t 

in com pan ies having a usual w orkw eek of o v er 

40 h ou rs; and only 9 p ercen t in com pan ies 

having a usual workweek o f le ss than 40 

h ou rs. Clerical w ork ers gen era lly w ere 

scheduled to w ork 40 hours o r le s s ; m ain tenance and terminal em p lo y e e s22 n orm ally 

w ere scheduled to w ork 40 hours o r m o re a 

w eek. Although 56 p ercen t of all execu tive, 

p ro fe ssio n a l, and su p e rv iso ry p erson n el w ere 

in com pan ies having a usual w orkw eek o f

40 h ou rs, about on e-fou rth of these em p loyees 

(27 p ercen t) w orked fo r com p an ies w here the 

usual w orkw eek was in ex cess o f 40 h ou rs.

In the lo ca l tran sit in du stry, alm ost all 

c le r ic a l employees w ere in com pan ies in 

w hich the usual w orkw eek fo r a m a jority of 

these em ployees was 40 hours or le s s ; ov er 

fo u r-fifth s of all maintenance em ployees 

w orked in com pan ies having a usual w ork ­

week o f 40 h ours; and ov er nine-tenths o f the 

su p erv isory personnel w ere in com pan ies 

w hich had a usual w orkw eek of 40 hours or 

le s s .

T here was v ery little variation in the 

usual w orkw eeks fo r the m a jor groups o f nonoperating em p loyees in the in tercity bus in ­

du stry. A lm ost fo u r-fifth s o f all c le r ic a l 

em ployees w ere in com pan ies having a n o r ­

m al w orkw eek o f 40 h ou rs, and m ost o f the 

rem aining on e-fifth w ere either on a 35- or 

37V2 -h ou r w orkw eek. A ll in tercity bus m ain ­

tenance and term in al p erson n el w orked fo r 

com pan ies having a scheduled w orkw eek of 

40 hours o r m o re . A ll but 1 p ercen t o f the 

su p erv isory em p loyees in the industry had a 

usual w orkw eek of 40 h ours o r m o r e , and 

alm ost th ree-fou rth s of them w ere scheduled 

to w ork 40 h ours.

The w orkw eek p ra ctice s in the taxicab 

industry varied con sid era b ly. The n orm al 

w orkw eek fo r c le r ic a l w ork ers ranged fro m 

le ss than 35 hours a w eek to upwards o f 48 

hours a w eek. P ra ctica lly a ll m aintenance 

em p loyees and d isp atch ers w ere scheduled to 

w ork 40 hours o r m o re a w eek, and about 

th ree-fifth s o f a ll su p erv isory p erson n el w ere 

on a n orm a l w orkw eek of 40 hours— but a lm ost on e-fou rth usually w orked in e x ce ss o f 

48 h ou rs.

22 The terms "maintenance and terminal workers," "maintenance e m p l o y e e s ," and "maintenance employees and dispatchers" are used in this section for p u rp oses of illustrative 

clarity. The questionnaire form (reproduced in appendix C) 

requested normal workweek data about the majority o f employees 

in three groups— the groups referred to above were categorized 

on the form as "other nonsupervisory (nonoperating) employees."

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 23. Com position of Payroll Hours, M otor P assenger Transportation Industries, 1964

Percent of hours paid for—

Employee group and industry

Total Working

hours

Paid leave hours

All Vacation Holiday Sick Civic and

personal

All employees:

All motor passenger industries---------------------------- 100 95.5 4. 5 3. 1 1. 0 0 .4 (?)

Local transit----------------------- ------------------------ --------- 100 92.4 7. 6 5. 1 1. 7 . 7 ( )

Intercity bu ses-------------------------------------------------------- 100 92.9 7. 1 4. 5 1. 8 . 8 ( >

Taxicabs------------------------------------------------------- ------— 100 98, 2 1. 8 1. 6 . 2 (M ( )

Operating employees:

All motor passenger industries------------------------------ 100 96. 0 4. 0 2. 8 . 8 . 3 (;> Local transit------------------------------------------------------------ 100 92.5 7.5 5. 2 1. 7 . 6

Intercity buses--------------------------------------------------------- 100 92. 8 7. 2 4. 8 1. 6 . 8 (M

Taxicabs------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 98. 5 1.5 1.4 . 1 - -

Nonoperating employees:

All motor passenger industries----------------------------- 100 94. 2 5. 8 3. 7 1.5 . 6 (!)

Local transit----------------------------------------------------------- 100 92. 3 7. 7 5. 1 1. 8 . 8 ( )

Intercity buses--------------------------------------------------------- 100 93. 0 7. 0 4. 1 2. 1 . 8 ( >

Taxicabs------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 97. 2 2. 8 2. 1 . 6 . 1 (M

1 Less than 0. 05 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Q

(0

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 24. P ercen t D istribution of Em ployees by Paid Leave Hours as a Percent of Total Paid H ours, M otor Passenger Transportation Industries, 1964

E m p lo y e e g rou p and type o f le a v e

E m p lo y e e s 

in a ll 

co m p a n ie s

P e r c e n t of w o rk e r s in com p a n ie s with—

No

paid

lea ve

h ou rs

P aid lea v e h ou rs as a p e rce n t o f total paid h ours

U nder

1

1

and

u nder

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

10

10 

11

11

and

o v e r

A ll e m p lo y e e s

A ll pa id le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 13 9 11 17 7 7 5 4 4 4 7 10 2

V a ca tio n s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 14 11 14 16 14 12 7 12 1 - - - _

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 32 31 10 21 5 (') - - - - - - -

S ick le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 57 24 15 4 ( l ) - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------------- 100 78 22 - - - - - - - - - -

O peratin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll p a id le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 24 6 14 15 6 6 1 5 4 3 6 7 2

V a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 26 8 13 17 10 4 10 7 4 1 (M - 1

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 65 5 7 15 6 (*) 1 - - - - -

S ick le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 78 10 10 2 (M - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------------- 100 84 16 - - - - - - - - - -

N on opera tin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll pa id le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 7 3 5 9 7 9 8 10 3 17 10 10 2

V a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 7 3 11 9 25 16 14 11 4 n C ) _ C )

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 22 15 22 36 5 (M - - - -

S ick le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 48 26 23 3 - - - - ~ ~ - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------------- 100 74 25 1 - - - " - - - -

1 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r ce n t.

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l item s m ay not equal totals.

T ab le 25. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f E m p loy ees by P aid L eav e H ou rs as a P e rce n t o f T otal P aid H ou rs, L o ca l T ra n sit, 1964

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in com p a n ie s with—

E m p lo y e e g rou p and type o f le a v e

E m p lo y e e s 

in a ll 

co m p a n ie s

No

paid

leave

h ou rs

P aid lea v e h ou rs as a p e rce n t o f total paid h ours

Under

1

1

and

u n der

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

10

10

11

11

and

o v e r

A ll e m p lo y e e s

A ll p a id le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 (*) 1 1 4 10 6 5 7 12 13 9 29 2

V a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 1 1 2 12 12 11 23 37 1 - - - -

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 6 19 22 45 8 - - - - - - - -

S ick le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 33 28 28 9 2 - - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------------- 100- 51 49 - - - - - - - - - - -

O peratin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll pa id le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 (*) 1 2 3 13 5 1 9 12 10 12 24 6

V a ca tio n s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 1 1 2 7 17 9 24 19 17 _

(*) - 2

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 19 9 20 41 8 - 2 - - - - -

S ick le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 49 30 17 3 2 - - - - - - - -

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------------- 100 51 49 - - - - - - - - - - -

N on opera tin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll pa id le a v e ------------------------------------------------------ 100 (l ) 1 2 8 5 5 5 7 5 16 23 16 7

V a ca tio n s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 (l ) 2 8 5 15 6 37 14 11 1 (*) - 1

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 6 17 38 28 10 1 - - - - - -

S ick le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 36 25 30 9 - - - - - - - - -

C iv ic and pe rson a l l e a v e --------------------------- 100 53 47 - " “ - - - - * - -

1 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r ce n t.

N O T E : B e ca u se o f rou n din g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l item s m ay not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 26. Percent Distribution of Employees by Paid Leave Hours as a P ercent of Total Paid Hours, Intercity Buses, 1964

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in com p a n ies with—

E m p lo y e e g rou p and type o f le a v e

E m p loy ees 

in a ll 

com p an ies

No

paid

leave

hours

P a id lea v e h ou rs as a p e rce n t o f total paid h ou rs

U nder

1

1

and

under

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

10

10

11

n —

and

o v e r

A ll e m p lo y e e s

A ll paid le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 2 .

(l ) 11 2 18 16 _ _ 31 14 5

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 2 (M 7 7 23 42 _ 14 5 _ _ _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 5 23 22 45 5 _ _ - - _ _ _ _

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- 100 37 17 46 - _ - _ _ _ _ _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------------ 100 81 19 - - - - - - - - - - -

O peratin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll paid le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 4 - 7 2 9 19 6 6 _ _ 29 12 7

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 4 7 1 13 8 13 34 12 _ 7 _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 28 7 17 41 7 - - - _ _ _ _ _

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- 100 45 14 42 - _ - - _ _ _ _ _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------------ 100 81 19 - “ - - - - - - - - -

N on op era tin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll paid le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 - _ _ 7 4 16 10 9

_ 34 4 15 _

V a ca tio n s---------------------------------------------------------- 100 - _ 7 5 33 36 _ 19 _ _ _ _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 5 21 11 64 - - - _ _ _ _ _

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- 100 33 31 35 - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------------ 100 81 19 “ - - - - - - -

1 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r ce n t.

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, sum s o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal totals.

T able 27. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f E m p loy ees by P aid L eav e H ours as a P e rce n t o f T o ta l P aid H ou rs, T a x ica b s , 1964

P e rce n t o f w o rk e r s in com p a n ies with—

E m p lo y e e grou p and type o f lea v e

E m p loy ees 

in a ll 

com p an ies

No

paid

leave

hours

P aid lea v e h o u rs as a p e rce n t o f total paid h ou rs

U nder

1

1

and

u nder

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

10

10

11

11

and

o v e r

A ll e m p lo y e e s

A ll paid le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 17 18 22 27 9 2 _ 5 _ _ _ _ _

V a ca tio n s---------------------------------------------------------- 100 17 17 23 26 13 2 1 (M _ _ _ _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 55 40 - 2 3 - - - - - - _

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- 100 77 23 - - - - - - - - _ - _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ---------------------------- 100 94 6 - - - - - - - - - - -

O p eratin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll paid le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 26 10 26 30 4 _ _ 4 (M _ _ _ _

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 26 10 26 30 8 - _ 1 (M _ _ _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 97 - - "

3 - - - - - - -

N on op era tin g e m p lo y e e s

A ll paid le a v e ------------------------------------------------------- 100 23 8 13 13 11 5 10 16 2 _ _ _ _

V a ca tio n s ---------------------------------------------------------- 100 23 8 18 16 30 6 (*) _ _ _ _ _ _

H o lid a y s ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 63 8 15 14 1 - _ - - _ - _

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------------- 100 83 15 3 - - - - _ - - - _ _

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ------------------------------ 100 96 4 - " - - " - - - - -

1 L e ss than 0. 5 p e r ce n t.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 28. Percent Distribution of Em ployees Receiving Vacation Pay by Number of

Weeks Paid F or, M otor Passenger Transportation Industries, 1964

Employee group and industry Employees

in all

companies

Percent of employees

No

paid

vacations

Weeks paid for

Under

1

1

and

under

2

1

3

3

4

4

5

5“

and

over

All employees

All motor passenger industries______________________ 100 39 3 16 19 11 12 <;>

Local transit________________________________________ 100 11 (*) 7 24 24 33 (*)

Intercity bu ses_____________________________________ 100 17 1 14 31 18 18 2

Taxicabs_____________________________________________ 100 51 5 26 16 2 (*) -

Operating employees

All motor passenger industries______________________ 100 48 4 15 15 10 9 (!)

Local transit________________________________________ 100 11 (*) 8 25 26 30 (*)

Intercity buses 100 23 1 12 22 22 18 2

Taxicabs_________ ____________________ ____________ 100 53 6 26 14 1 - -

Nonoperating employees

All motor passenger industries______________________ 100 21 (!) 15 31 13 19 1

Local transit. ____ _ _ ______ 100 12 (M 6 22 21 39 (*)

Intercity bu ses___________________________ _____ 100 10 16 43 13 17 2

Taxicabs____________________________________________ 100 42 (M 26 27 5 (l ) "

1 Less than 0. 5 percent.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

Table 29. Percent Distribution of Employees by Number of Paid Holidays, Motor Passenger Transportation Industries, 1964

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals,

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T ab le 30. P e rce n t D istrib u tion o f N on operating E m p lo y e e s by N orm a l W ork w eek fo r a M a jo rity o f E m p lo y e e s, M o to r P a s se n g e r T ra n sp o rta tio n In d u strie s, 1964

E m p lo y e e g rou p and in du stry Under 

35 h ours 35 h ou rs

O ver 35 

and under 

37V2 h ou rs

37V2 h ou rs

O ver 37V2 

and under 

40 h ou rs

40 h ou rs

O ver 40 

and under 

44 h ou rs

44 h ou rs

O ver 44 

and under 

48 h ou rs

48 h ou rs O ver 48

N o n su p e r v iso r y c l e r ic a l e m p lo y e e s

A ll m o to r p a ss e n g e r in d u strie s ---------------------------- 6 9 n 14 (l ) 56 1 1 1 7 3

L o c a l t r a n s it ---------------------------------------------------------- - 4 26 1 66 1 _ _

(M 2

In te rcity b u se s ----------------------------------------------------- - 14 ~ 6 - 77 3 _ _ _

T a x ica b s ----------------------------------------------------- ---------- 18 3 -

4 - 44 - 2 3 21 6

O th er n o n s u p e rv is o ry n on op era tin g

e m p lo y e e s

A ll m o to r p a ss e n g e r in d u strie s __________________ l 1) (l ) _ _ _ 71 1 4 5 11 8

L o c a l t r a n s it ______________________________________ - - - - - 83 4 3 3 6 2

In te rcity b u se s ___________________________________ - - - - - 81 _ 1 10 7 _

T a x ica b s ---------------------------------------------------------------- (*) (l ) - - -

44 9 3 20 23

E x e cu tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and

s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s

A ll m o to r p a s s e n g e r in d u strie s ---------------------------- 2 1 _ 14 _ 56 1 3 5 9 9

L o c a l t r a n s it ------------------------------------------- ------------ 2 1 - 33 - 47 1 4 4 4 3

In te rcity b u se s ----------------------------------------------------- - 1 - - - 73 - _ 14 12 _

T a x ica b s ----------------------------------------------------------------- ~ 1 4 ~ 59 2 1 4 7 24

1 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r ce n t.

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f rou n din g, sum s o f in dividual item s m ay not equ al to ta ls.

-ti G)

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Appendix A. Expenditures as Proportions of Payroll

In the body of the text, all supplem ents have been m easu red as a p rop ortion of total 

com pen sation. This approach allow s one to exam ine the lev el and stru ctu re of com pensation 

expenditures. H ow ever, fo r som e p u rp oses, exam ining expenditures fo r pay supplem ents 

in differen t ways m ay be d esira b le. Two of the techniques often used are to ex p ress these 

outlays as percen tages o f g ross or stra igh t-tim e p a y r o ll.23 The appendix table ex p resses 

supplem entary expenditures in these term s. The supplem ents when m easu red as a p ercen t 

of g ross o r stra igh t-tim e p a y ro ll cannot be added to other p a y roll sta tistics sin ce som e 

supplem ents a re part of p a y roll w hile others are in addition to p a y roll. This table p erm its 

com p a rison o f expenditures in the m otor p a ssen ger tran sportation industry with sim ila r sta ­

tistics published by the Bureau o f L abor S tatistics in p r io r years fo r other in d u stries.

23 Straight-time pay is derived by subtracting overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift premiums from gross payroll.

45

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T a b le A—1. E m p lo y e r E xpen d itu res fo r S u pp lem en tary C om p en sa tion P r a c t ic e s , as a P e rce n t o f P a y r o ll, M otor P a s s e n g e r T ra n sp o rta tio n In d u strie s, 1964

Employer expenditures in all companies

C om p e n sa tio n p r a c tic e

P e rce n t of g r o s s p a y ro ll P e rce n t o f str a ig h t-tim e p a y ro ll

A ll m o to r 

p a ss e n g e r 

in d u stries

L o ca l transit T axica bs In te rcity

bu ses

A ll m o to r 

p a ss e n g e r 

in d u stries

L o ca l tra n sit T a xica bs In te rcity

b u se s

E m p loy ee s

A ll O p e rating

N on ­

o p e r ­

ating

A ll O p e rating

N ono p e rating

A ll O p e rating

N on -

o p e r ­

ating

A ll O p e r ­

ating

N on -

o p e r ­

ating

A ll O p e rating

N on -

o p e r ­

ating

A ll O p e rating

N on ­

o p e r ­

ating

A ll O p e rating

N on -

o p e r ­

ating

A ll O p e rating

N on -

o p e r ­

ating

P re m iu m paym en ts ------------------------------------- 1 .0 1. 1 1. 0 1 .8 2. 2 1. 0 0. 1 0. 4 1. 0 0. 8 1. 6 1.0 1. 1 1 .0 1. 8 2. 2 1 .0 0. 1 _ 0. 4 1. 0 0. 8 1. 7

O v e r tim e , w eek en d , and h olid a y

w o r k -------------------------------------------------------- . 9 1 .0 . 9 1. 6 2. 0 . 8 . 1 - . 3 . 9 . 8 1 .4 . 9 1. 0 . 9 1. 7 2. 1 . 8 o 1 - . 3 . 9 . 8 1.4

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ------------------------------------ . 1 . 1 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 2 (l ) _ (M . 1 8. 2 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 2 C ) - (M . 1 - . 2

P ay fo r le a v e tim e -------------------------------------- 5. 6 5. 2 6. 4 7. 6 7. 6 7. 7 2. 2 1. 8 3. 4 7. 7 7. 9 7. 3 5. 7 5. 3 6. 5 7. 7 7. 8 7. 7 2. 2 1. 8 3. 4 7. 8 8. 0 7. 4

V a ca tio n s--------------------------------------------------- 3. 8 3. 7 4. 1 5. 1 5. 2 5. 0 1. 9 1. 7 2. 5 4. 9 5. 3 4. 3 3. 8 3. 7 4. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 0 1. 9 1. 7 2. 5 4. 9 5. 3 4„ 3

H o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------- 1. 3 1. 1 1. 7 1. 8 1. 7 1. 8 . 3 . 1 o 8 1. 9 1. 7 2. 1 1. 3 1. 1 1. 7 1. 8 1. 8 1 .8 . 3 . 1 o 8 1. 9 1. 7 2. 1

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------- . 5 . 5 . 7 . 7 . 6 . 9 C ) - . 1 . 9 1. 0 . 9 . 5 . 5 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 9 (!) - . 1 . 9 1. 0 . 9

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l lea v e ---------------------- (M (*) (M (M C ) (M C ) - (M ( l ) ( l ) n n C ) (M (M (M n (M - n (M (M (M

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s ------------------------------- . 5 . 4 . 9 . 2 . 1 . 5 . 8 . 8 . 7 . 4 . 2 . 6 . 5 . 4 . 9 . 3 . 1 . 5 . 8 . 8 . 7 . 4 . 2 o 7

T e rm in a l paym en ts ------------------------------------- C ) n (M (M C ) C ) - - - C ) ( l ) n (l ) (M (M (M (M (M - - - (M (M (M

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — 5. 4 5. 8 4. 7 4. 5 4. 6 4. 2 7. 1 7. 7 5. 3 4. 3 4. 1 4. 5 5. 5 5. 9 4. 7 4. 6 4. 7 4. 3 7. 1 7. 7 5. 3 4. 3 4. 1 4. 6

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ----- 3. 0 3. 1 2. 8 2. 9 2. 9 2. 7 3. 4 3. 5 3. 0 2. 6 2. 5 2. 8 3. 0 3. 1 2. 8 2. 9 3. 0 2. 7 3. 4 3. 5 3. 0 2. 7 2. 5 2. 9

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a tio n --------------- 1 .4 1. 5 1. 2 1. 0 1. 0 1.0 1. 8 1.9 1. 4 1. 1 1. 0 1. 1 1 .4 1. 5 1. 2 1. 0 1. 1 1. 0 1. 8 1. 9 1 .4 1. 1 1. 0 1. 1

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju r y and il ln e s s ---------- 1. 0 1. 2 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 5 1. 8 2. 1 . 9 . 6 . 6 . 5 1. 0 ; 1. 2 . 7 . 6 . 6 . 5 1. 8 2. 1 . 9 . 6 . 6 . 5

O th er le g a lly r e q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------------------ (M . 1 (M (M . 1 (*) . 1 . 1 C ) (M (M (M . 1 ■' . 1 (M (M . 1 n . 1 . 1 0 ) (M ( ) ( )

P riv a te w e lfa r e plan s --------------------------------- 5. 0 4. 8 5. 4 6. 8 6. 7 7. 1 2. 0 2. 1 1. 4 7. 2 7. 2 7. 3 5. 0 4. 9 5. 5 6. 9 6. 9 7. 2 2. 0 2. 1 1 .4 7. 3 7. 3 7. 4

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce — 2. 1 2. 1 2. 1 2. 6 2. 7 2. 6 1. 5 1. 7 o 9 2. 4 2. 3 2. 5 2. 1 2. 1 2. 1 2. 7 2. 7 2. 6 1. 5 1. 7 . 9 2. 4 2. 3 2. 6

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s ------------- 2. 9 2. 7 3. 3 4. 2 4. 1 4 .5 . 4 . 4 . 5 4. 8 4. 9 4. 7 2. 9 2. 7 3. 4 4. 3 4. 2 4. 6 . 4 . 4 . 5 4. 9 5. 0 4. 8

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r

su p p lem en tal u n em p loy m en t b e n efit

fu n d s--------------------------------------------------------- (M (M (M " “ "

. 1 . 1 (1) ~ “ <m |

1 ( , )

(M “

. 1 . 1 0 )

Errlp lo y e r expen d itu res in com p a n ies with ex pen d itu res fo r the p r a c tic e

P e rce n t o f g ro s s p a y ro ll P e rce n t o f str a ig h t-tim e p a y ro ll

P re m iu m p a y m e n ts -------------------------------------- 1 .4 2. 0 1 .3 1. 9 2. 4 1. 0 0. 3 1. 4 1. 0 0. 9 1. 7 1 .4 2. 1 1. 3 1. 9 2. 5 1. 1 0. 3 _ 1 .4 1. 0 0. 9 1.7

O v e r tim e , w eeken d , and h olid a y

w o r k --------------------------------------------------------- 1. 3 1 .9 1. 2 1. 7 2. 3 . 9 . 3 - 1 .4 . 9 . 9 L 4 1. 3 2. 0 1. 2 L 7 2. 3 . 9 . 3 - 1. 4 . 9 . 9 1.5

Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ------------------------------------ . 3 . 5 . 4 . 4 . 5 . 4 . 1 - . 3 . 2 - . 5 . 3 . 5 . 4 . 4 . 5 . 4 . 1 - . 3 . 2 - . 5

P a y fo r le a v e tim e -------------------------------------- 5. 9 5. 8 6. 6 7. 6 7. 6 7. 7 2. 5 2. 2 3„ 9 7. 7 8. 0 7. 3 6. 0 5. 9 6. 7 7. 7 7. 8 7. 8 2. 5 2. 2 3. 9 7. 8 8. 1 7. 4

V a ca tio n s -------------------------------------------------- 4. 0 4. 1 4. 2 5. 1 5. 2 5. 0 2. 1 2. 1 2. 8 4. 9 5. 3 4. 3 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 5. 2 5. 3 5. 0 2. 1 2. 1 2. 8 4. 9 5. 4 4. 3

H o lid a y s ---------- ----------------------------------------- 1. 6 2. 1 2. 0 1. 8 2. 1 1. 9 . 6 3. 3 1. 7 1. 9 2. 2 2. 2 1. 6 2. 2 2„ 0 1. 9 2. 1 1 .9 . 6 3. 3 1. 8 1. 9 2. 2 2. 2

S ick le a v e -------------------------------------------------- . 9 1 .3 1. 2 1. 0 1. 2 L 3 . 1 - . 5 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 1 .0 1. 3 1. 2 1. 0 L 2 1. 3 . 1 - . 5 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3

C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ---------------------- . 1 . 1 (M (M (*) (M (M - (M . 1 . 1 n . 1 . 1 (M n (M C ) (M -

(M . 1 . 1 n

N o n p rod u ction b o n u s e s ------------------------------- 1. 7 1 .5 4. 2 1. 2 . 9 2. 6 1 .4 1 .9 2. 0 2. 8 1. 6 16. 2 1. 7 1. 5 4. 2 1. 2 . 9 2. 6 1 .4 1. 9 2. 0 2. 9 1. 7 16. 7

T e rm in a l p a y m e n ts -------------------------------------- n (M ( M (M ( ') (M - - - . 1 . 1 (M (M (M (*) (M C ) (l ) - - - . 1 . 1 (*)

L e g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s — 5. 4 5. 8 4. 7 4. 5 4. 6 4. 2 7. 1 7. 7 5. 3 4. 3 4. 1 4. 5 5. 5 5 .9 4. 7 4. 6 4. 7 4. 3 7. 1 7. 7 5. 3 4. 3 4„ 1 4. 6

R e tire m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n ----- 3. 0 3. 1 2. 8 2. 9 2. 9 2. 7 3. 4 3. 5 3. 0 2. 6 2. 5 2. 9 3 „ 0 3. 1 2. 8 2. 9 3. 0 2. 7 3. 4 3. 5 3. 0 2. 7 2. 5 2. 9

U n em p loym en t c o m p e n s a t io n --------------- 1. 4 1 .5 1. 2 1. 0 L 0 1. 0 1 .8 1. 9 1. 4 1. 1 1. 0 1. 1 1 .4 1 .5 1. 2 1. 0 lo 1 1. 0 1. 8 1 .9 1 .4 1. 1 L 0 1. 1

O ccu p a tio n a l in ju ry and i l ln e s s ---------- 1. 1 1. 3 . 7 . 6 . 7 . 5 2. 2 2. 5 1. 2 . 6 . 6 . 5 1. 1 1. 4 . 7 . 6 . 7 . 5 2. 2 2. 5 1. 2 . 6 . 6 . 5

O ther le g a lly re q u ire d in su ra n ce

p r o g r a m s ------------------------------------------------ . 3 . 3 . 2 „ 5 . 5 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 2 . 3 o 3 . 2 . 5 . 6 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 2 . 2

P riv a te w e lfa r e p la n s ---------------------------------- 5. 7 5. 7 6. 3 6. 9 6. 9 7.5 2. 7 2. 9 2. 4 7. 3 7. 3 7. 3 5. 8 5. 7 6. 4 7. 1 7. 0 7. 6 2. 7 2. 9 2. 4 7. 3 7. 3 7. 4

L ife , a ccid e n t, and h ealth in su ra n ce — 2. 4 2. 5 2. 4 2. 7 2. 7 2. 8 2. 0 2. 3 L 6 2. 4 2. 4 2. 5 2. 5 2. 6 2. 5 20 7 2. 8 2. 8 2. 0 2. 3 1. 6 2. 5 2. 4 2. 6

P e n sio n and re tire m e n t p la n s ------------- 4. 7 4. 7 5. 3 4. 6 4. 5 5. 2 2. 1 2. 4 3. 2 6. 0 6. 0 6„ 0 4. 8 4. 8 5„ 4 4. 7 4. 6 5. 3 2. 1 2 .4 3. 2 6. 1 6. 1 6. 1

S e v e ra n ce o r d is m is s a l pay a n d /o r

su p plem en tal u n em p loy m en t b en efit

fu n d s--------------------------------------------------------- L 7 1 .9 . 6 " “

1. 7 1 .9 . 6 “

“ '

1. 7 1 .9 . 6 1. 7 1. 9 . 6

1 Less than 0. 05 percent.

N O T E : B e ca u s e o f rou n din g, su m s o f in dividu a l item s m ay not equal totals.

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Appendix B. Scope and Method of Survey

Scope and Survey and Industry C la ssifica tion

This study of em p loyer expenditures fo r the com pen sation of em ployees co v e rs all 

com panies in SIC 41— L o ca l and Suburban T ransit and Interurban P a ssen g er T ransportation — 

cla ss ifie d in a ccord a n ce with the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tion Manual 

(SIC) and 1963 Supplem ent p rep ared by the B ureau of the Budget. The lo ca l and suburban 

tran sit and interurban p a ssen ger tran sportation industry is com p osed of the follow in g 3 -d igit 

industry grou p s:

411 --------------- L o ca l and suburban p a ssen ger tran sportation

4 1 2 -------------- T axicabs

4 1 3 -------------- In tercity and ru ral highway p a ssen ger tran sportation

4 1 4 -------------- P a ssen g er tran sportation ch arter se rv ice

4 1 5 -------------- School buses

4 1 7 --------------- T erm in al and se rv ice fa cilitie s fo r m otor veh icle p a ssen g er tran sportation

Survey cov era g e extended to the 50 States and the D istrict of C olum bia. Data relate 

to the calen dar yea r 1964 and are lim ited to irre v o ca b le cash d isbu rsem en ts o f em ployees 

(thus excluding amounts segregated in bookkeeping tran saction s ov er which the com pany 

retained con trol) fo r the com pen sation of em p loyees.

D efinition of T erm s *123

C om pensation, fo r pu rp oses of this study, is defined as the sum of the paym ents, 

su bject to F ed era l withholding taxes, m ade by em p loyers d ire ctly to th eir em p loyees b efore 

deductions of any type, and the expenditures m ade by em p loyers fo r legally requ ired insurance 

p rogra m s and private w elfare plans to p rovid e the w ork ers with full— o r partial— econ om ic s e ­

curity against a future contingency (e.g. , unem ploym ent, retirem en t, m ed ica l exp en ses, etc.).

H ours paid fo r con sist of aggregate h ou rs, including paid leave h ou rs, rest p e rio d s, 

coffee b rea k s, m achine dow ntim e, and other nonleave hours paid fo r but not w orked, for 

which em p loyers m ade d ire ct paym ents to w ork ers during the y ea r. See appendix C fo r a 

m ore detailed definition of total m an -h ou rs fo r operating em ployees (p. 57). W orking

tim e exclu des paid leave tim e.

Expenditure ratios fo r "a ll com p a n ies" rep resen t the expenditures fo r the p ra ctice 

divided by total com pen sation fo r all com p an ies— both those with and without expenditures— 

w hereas the ratios fo r "com pan ies with expenditures fo r the p r a c tic e " relate the sam e ex ­

penditures to the total com pen sation of only those establishm ents that reported an actual e x ­

penditure. The expenditure rates rep resen t the sam e expenditures divided by the c o r r e ­

sponding m an -hour s .

The expenditure ratios used in the body of this rep ort w ere obtained by using the 

follow in g form u la s:

E xpenditure fo r the p ra ctice

Total com pen sation (com p rised x 100

1. E xpenditures as a p ercen t of com pensation^ of g ro ss p a y ro ll, private w elfa re,

and leg a lly requ ired in su ran ce 

expen ditu res).

Expenditure fo r the p ra ctice

2. E xpenditures in cents p er hou* paid fo r = Xotal h ours paid fo r including

hours o f paid leave.

E xpenditure fo r the p ra ctice

3. E xpenditures in cents p er w orking h ou r= Total hours paid fo r m inus

leave h ours paid fo r.

4 7

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4 8

The other term s used in this bulletin are defined on the qu estion n aire fo rm , rep rod u ced 

in appendix C, that was used in the study.

C ollection of Data

Data w ere co lle cte d by p erson a l v isits and m ail qu estion n aires. P erson a l v isits a lso 

w ere m ade to a sam ple of com pan ies that had not responded to two m ail requ ests.

Sam pling P roced u res

The su rvey was conducted on the b a sis of a highly stratified p robability sam ple. The 

sam ple was design ed to p erm it separate p resen tation of data fo r lo ca l and suburban tran sit 

com pan ies (SIC 4111), in tercity and ru ral highway p a ssen g er tran sportation (SIC 413), and 

fo r taxicabs (SIC 412).

The list of com panies fro m which the sam ple was selected was developed fr o m lists 

m aintained by the State agen cies adm inisterin g the unem ploym ent com pen sation law s, and fro m 

lists m aintained by the Interstate C om m erce C om m ission fo r regu latory p u rp oses.

The sam ple was so selected within the industry as to yield the m ost accu rate estim ates 

p o ssib le using the re so u rce s available. This was done by requesting com panyw ide rep orts 

and by including a g rea ter p rop ortion of la rg e r com panies than of sm all in the sam ple. In 

gen eral, a com p a n y’ s chance of selection was about p rop ortion ate to its em ploym ent size.

Data w ere obtained fro m 206 com panies em ploying approxim ately 73 ,0 0 0 w o rk e rs— 

a lm ost 30 p ercen t of the total em ploym ent in the m otor p a ssen g er industry during 1964. 

Am ong the three m a jor segm en ts, data w ere obtained fro m com pan ies em ploying a p p rox im ately 45 p ercen t of all lo ca l tran sit em p loyees; 40 p ercen t of all in tercity bus em p loyees; 

and fro m com pan ies em ploying 20 p ercen t of all taxicab em p loyees.

M ethod of E stim ation

Data fo r each sam ple m em b er w ere w eighted in a ccord a n ce with the p robability of s e ­

lection of that com pany. F o r in stan ce, w here 1 com pany out of 2 was selected in a s iz e - 

industry c la s s , it rep resen ted itse lf as w ell as another com pany, i. e. , it was given a w eight 

of two. Thus, if the com pany had 1,000 hours of vacation leave and 50, 000 hours o f paid 

hours of all c la s s e s , it would contribute 2, 000 vacation hours and 100, 000 total hours to the 

final estim ate.

R eporting P ro b le m s

Separate data by com pany and type of supplem entary com pen sation p ra ctice w ere c o llected in m ost ca se s. H ow ever, a ll com pan ies do not keep re co rd s in such a m anner as to 

be able to furnish actual fig u res in this detail, and som e approxim ation s had to be accep ted . 

E stim ates, using co lla te ra l data, w ere m ade in certain ca ses w here re co rd s w ere not kept 

o r w ere su m m arized only fo r sp e cific p ra ctice s .

E r ro rs in the use of estim ating p roced u res would have to be in the sam e d irection in 

each case (overstatem en t or understatem ent of actual values) to have a cum ulative effect on the 

a ccu ra cy of the resu lts.

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Appendix C. Questionnaire

BLS2863

U .S. D EPA R TM EN T O F LA BO R

BU R EA U O F LABO R ST A T IS T IC S

Wa sh in g t o n , D.C. 20212

Budget Bureau No. 44*6542 

Approval expires 6-30-66

Employer Expenditures for Selected Compensation Practices in Transportation Industries, 1964

Company Identification

Your reply w ill be

held in confidence.

This report should cover all units of the company 

which are primarily engaged in transportation activities, and should not be limited to activities at the 

address shown. If the company was engaged in two 

or more substantially different transportation activities, e. g ., oil tanker and pipeline operations, 

separate reports should be submitted.

1. Princip al Transportation Activity

(Check only one box)

A. j l Intercity bus line

B. | | Local or suburban transit

C. I l Taxicab operator

D. I | Deep sea foreign transportation

E. | l Other water transportation

F. [ j Marine cargo handling

G. I l Air transportation, certificated carrier

H. | | Pipelines, except natural gas

I. | l Other (specify) ______________

2. Employment

For each employee category, enter the total number of full- and part-time employees on the payroll who worked or received pay for any part of the payroll

period which included September 12, 1964. Include officers of corporations, but

exclude proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms* Also exclude pensioners and members of the Armed Forces on active duty carried on the rolls

but not working during the period* (Definitions of the terms "operating" and

"nonoperating" employees are on page 2 of this questionnaire. If there were no

workers in one of the employee categories, enter "none*")

Employment

Operating employees— ------------- -----_ _ _ _ _ _

Nonoperating employees -------------------------------------

For BLS use only

Schedule

number Reg. State City

size SIC Est*

size Weight Special

char*

49

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50

G EN ERAL EXPLAN ATION S

P lea se answ er the questions which follow separately fo r operating and 

nonoperating em p loyees. If re co rd s do not p erm it reportin g separate 

figu res fo r the two grou ps, and estim ates cannot be m ade, enter a 

com bined figu re and indicate that it is for operating and nonoperating 

em p loyees.

O perating E m p loyees are su p erv isory and n on su p ervisory em ployees 

who w ork aboard m oving v e h icle s , such as bus and taxi d riv e rs; 

m arin e en gin eers, seam en, cook s; and airlin e p ilots. H ow ever, e x ­

clude w ork ers who m e re ly m ove v eh icles to o r fro m loading, m ain ­

tenance, o r parking areas and o p era tors of con stru ction equipm ent 

o r loading d ev ices such as baggage or fork lift tru ck s. R eports for 

m arin e ca rg o handling should treat all p ier p erson n el as operating 

em p loyees.

N onoperating E m p loyees include all su p erv isory and n on su p ervisory 

em p loyees not cla s s ifie d as op erating em p loyees, such as pum pm en, 

shop m aintenance em p loyees, and o ffic e w o rk e rs . R eports fo r p ip elin es should treat all em p loyees as nonoperating em p loyees.

If the only figu re available com b in es data fo r se v e ra l lin es on this 

qu estion n aire, rep ort the com bined figu re and bra ck et the lin es in ­

cluded o r oth erw ise indicate what is included in the figu re "rep orted .

If exact in form ation is not available fo r an item , w here p ossib le p lease 

provid e a ca refu lly con sid ered estim ate. If any o f the fig u res r e ­

ported are estim ated, p lease list on page 8 the item s w hich w ere 

estim ated and indicate how the estim ates w ere m ade.

IF NO EXPEN DITU RES OR M AN-HOURS W ERE INVOLVED DURING 

1964 FOR A GIVEN ITEM , EN TER "0 " IN THE A P P R O P R IA T E SPA C E . 

PLE A SE DO NOT LEAVE ANY LINES BLANK.

COMPANIES IN THE AIR TRAN SPORTATION , M ARITIM E, IN TE R ­

CITY BUS, AND L O C A L TRANSIT INDUSTRIES SHOULD READ THE 

ACCOM PAN YING SU PPLEM EN TARY E XPLAN ATIO N SHEET BEFORE 

CO M PLETIN G THIS QUESTIONNAIRE.

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3. Paym ents M ade D irectly to Em ployees as Part of the Payroll in 1964

In this section rep ort only paym ents w hich w ere part of the com p a n y's 1964 g ro s s 

p a y roll. Include only paym ents to em p loyees as defined in Item 2. Do not rep ort 

paym ents to funds, tru stees, in surance com p an ies, o r governm ent a g en cies; these 

paym ents should be rep orted in Item 5.

A.

B.

G ross P a y roll:

Enter total em p loyee earnings during 1964, 

b e fo re deduction s. This amount should equal the 

sum o f the figu res shown on individual em p lo y ­

e e s ' W -2 fo rm s under the heading "T ota l 

W ages P a id " — -----------------------------------------------------------

Paid L eave:

E m ployer paym ents to

O perating

em p loyees

No nope r at'ifig 

em p loyees

j ___________ _ $

E nter total amounts paid d ire ctly to em p loyees 

fo r each type of leave. Include paym ents under 

fo rm a l plans and in form al salary continuation 

plan s. If em p loyees w orked on paid holidays o r 

during vacations and re ce iv e d both pay instead 

of tim e off and pay fo r w ork p erform ed , include 

h ere only the pay in lieu of tim e off.

2. H o lid a y s-------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Sick le a v e ----------------------------------------------------------------

4. M ilitary, ju ry , w itn ess, voting, and p erson a l

leave (excluding pay fo r servin g as a w itness 

fo r the e m p lo y e r )---------------------------------------------------

C. P rem iu m s A bove R egular Pay:

1. P rem iu m pay fo r ov ertim e, w eekend, and 

h oliday w ork.

Enter total paym ents above the regu lar 

stra igh t-tim e pay fo r w ork p e rfo rm e d . F o r 

exam ple, if overtim e is paid fo r at tim e and 

on e-h a lf, rep ort only the h a lf-tim e h ere.

F o r w ork on h olidays, exclude pay at the 

regu lar rate fo r w ork p e rfo rm e d and pay in 

lieu of tim e off; rep ort only paym ents above 

these sum s (that is, if total pay fo r holiday 

w ork is double tim e and on e-h a lf, include 

only the h a lf-tim e pay h e r e )---------------------------------

2. Shift d ifferen tia ls.

2

3

4

5

6

E nter total paym ents above rates fo r the day 

shift. If la te-sh ift w ork ers re ce iv e 8 h ou rs' 

pay fo r 7Vz h ou rs' w ork, com p ared with 

8 h ou rs' w ork fo r the day shift, rep ort the 

V2 h o u r 's pay as a shift d iffe r e n tia l-------------- 7

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52

D.

E.

N onproduction B onu ses:

R eport total cash bonus paym ents that w ere not 

d ire ctly related to e m p lo y e e s1 p rodu ction . Include year end and C hristm as bonuses and 

attendance, lon gevity, safety, su ggestion , m erit, 

and related aw ards. A lso include cash fro m 

p ro fit-sh a rin g plans actually paid out to em p loy ­

ees in 1964 in the fo rm of bon u ses. E xclude 

p rod u ction incentive paym ents, co m m issio n s, 

p rem iu m s fo r hazardous w ork, c o s t-o f-liv in g 

adjustm ents, term in a l paym ents (rep orted below 

in Item 3 -E ), paym ents fo r educational a s s is tan ce, p er diem , expense account paym ents, and 

paym ents in the fo rm of m erch an d ise --------------------

T erm in a l P aym en ts:

R eport total paym ents m ade d ire ctly to e m p loy ­

ees becau se o f tem p ora ry o r perm anent s e v e r ­

ance of em ploym ent. Include lu m p -su m cash 

paym ents m ade to retirin g em p loyees. E xclude 

paym ents to funds, tru ste e s, o r in surance 

com p a n ies ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------

E m p loyer paym ents to

O perating N onoperating

em p loyees em p loyees

$ $

4. M an-hours Paid For in 1964

R eport as total hours paid fo r those hours fo r which the paym ents rep orted in 

Item 3 -A w e r e m ade. T hey con sist of hours on duty (operating em p loyees) o r 

paid fo r hours at the w ork p lace (nonoperating em p loyees), additional hours paid 

fo r to m ake up guarantees, and the m an -h ou rs equivalent to d ire ct em p loyer p a y ­

m ents fo r leave tim e. Do not con vert o v ertim e o r oth er prem iu m paid hours to 

stra ig h t-tim e equivalent h ou rs. Do not include hours equivalent to paym ents by 

funds, tru ste e s, o r insu ran ce com p an ies.

R eport as paid leave hours the m an -h ou rs fo r which the leave pay en tered in 

Item 3-B w as m ade. R eport only the m an -h ou rs equivalent to the pay re ce iv e d . 

F o r exam ple, if an em p loyee who is regu la rly paid $2 an hour was given $5 fo r 

a d a y 's absen ce, rep ort Z l/z hours ($ 5 4- $2).

A. T otal H ours P aid F o r , Including Paid

T . pa v p T - T _ n — ______. _ ...... .

M an -h ou rs paid for

O perating

em p loyees

N onoperating

em p loyees

u c d v c n u u x o - -r--ir--r — -■ -- h rs. h rs.

B. Paid L eave H ou rs:

1. V a c a tio n s ----------------------------------------------------

2. H o lid a y s ------------------------------------------- ------ — -

3. Sick leave —--------------------------------------------- ----

4. M ilita ry, ju ry , w itn ess, voting, and

p erson a l leave (excluding pay fo r servin g as 

a w itn ess fo r the e m p lo y e r)--------------------------

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5. Em ployer Expenditures in Addition to Payroll in 1964

A. Private Welfare Plans:

Enter total employer expenditures for the plans listed below. Exclude employee contributions, employer payments already reported as payroll expenditures, those for legally required programs, and administrative costs (including actuarial and legal expenses) incurred by the company. Include

payments to funds, trustees, insurance companies, employees or their beneficiaries, and to plans financed through profit sharing. However, exclude

payments made by funds, trustees, or insurance companies and income earned

by funds. For payments to insurance carriers report only net expenditures

(i. e ., premiums less refunds). Include payments for current employees,

employees on layoff status, retired employees, and dependents of these employee groups.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Health, accident, and life insurance.

Enter payments for life insurance; accidental death and dismemberment insurance;

death benefits; travel accident insurance;

hospitalization, surgical, medical, major

medical, dental, optical, and drug plans; and

sickness and accident (wage and salary continuance) insurance. Exclude expenditures

for in-plant medical facilities------------------------

Pension and retirement plans.

Include direct payments to pensioners under

a pay-as-you-go plan. For funded plans,

report payments in 1964 for past and

current service liabilities. Include payments under profit-sharing plans deferred

until retirement and payments for disability retirement programs----------------------------

Vacation and holiday funds------------------------------

Severance or dismissal pay funds and/or

supplemental unemployment benefit funds----

Savings and thrift plans (including company

expenditures for contributions in the form

Automation funds.

Report here payments to special automation

funds. Do not include these payments elsewhere on the questionnaire. For example,

if an automation fund provides retirement

benefits, report the payment to the fund

here and not in Item 5-A -2, above. (However, do not report regular payments to

a retirement fund h ere.) Specify the name

of the automation fund and the benefit

provided. _____________________________________

Other (specify) _______________________________

Employer

expenditures for

Operating

employees

Nonoperating

employees

$ $

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54

B. L egally R equ ired In surance:

R eport the com p an y’ s net lia b ility fo r 1964 under em p loyee benefit p rog ra m s 

req u ired by law . E xclude em p loyee con tribu tion s. R eport paym ents to g o v ­

ernm ent agen cies, in su ran ce com p an ies, and d ire ctly to w ork ers under s e lfin su red plans. R eport net in su ran ce prem iu m s (i. e. , prem iu m s le s s refu n ds). 

If a se lf-in su re d plan was in effect, exclude the com p an y's adm inistrative 

c o s ts . R eport the lia b ility in cu rred in 1964 rather than the amount actually 

paid during 1964. Do not rep ort any expenditures that w ere en tered in Item 3 

as p a y roll expen ditu res.

L 

I 

N 

E

1. Paym ents fo r pension p rogra m s (S ocial 

S ecu rity and R ailroad R e tir e m e n t)--------

2. U nem ploym ent in su ran ce (State u n em ployment com pen sation and R a ilroa d U n em ployment In surance)—

3.

4.

a. Paym ents to F ed era l G overn m en t--------------

b. Paym ents to State g ov ern m en t-------------------

Paym ents fo r w ork -con n ected d isability.

Include paym ents under w ork m en 's c o m ­

pensation law s, paym ents in com pan ies su bje c t to the F ed era l E m p loy ers' L iability A ct, 

and paym ents into the Ohio D isabled 

W orkm en 's R e lie f F u n d --------------------------------------

Other, including State tem p ora ry d isability 

in su ran ce.

S pecify type of paym ent rep orted . If o b ­

ligation s under a State tem p ora ry d isability 

in su ran ce law w ere m et by em p loyer e x ­

penditures rep orted elsew h ere on this q u e stion n aire, enter "O " and indicate the item 

containing the expenditure. ____________________

E m ployer 

expenditures fo r

O perating

em p loyees

N onoperating

em p loyees

$ $

6. Establishm ent P ra ctices and Policies

A . Paid H olidays O bserved During 1964:

E nter num ber of days p er em p loyee. If m ore than one p ra ctice existed in 

an em p loyee ca teg ory , rep ort that w hich applied to the greatest num ber in 

the ca teg ory . Do not include days fo r w hich p rem iu m rates w ere paid if w ork 

was p erform ed , but no pay was given if the days w ere not w orked.

1. F u ll-d a y h olidays —

2. H alf-d ay holidays —

Days per em ployee

O perating

em p loyees

N onoperating

em p loyees

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55

B. Paid Vacations:

Report below the approximate number of employees who received vacation pay

directly from the company according to the amount of pay received during 1964

and not the time taken for vacation. If vacation pay was not a direct multiple of

weekly or hourly rates, report according to the number of weeks equivalent

to the pay reqeived. For example, if the amount of vacation pay was a percentage of annual earnings, report payments of about 2 percent as 1 week's

vacation pay, about 4 percent as 2 weeks' pay, etc. Exclude employees

whose vacation payments were received from funds.

Number of employees receiving—

Employee

category No

vacation

pay

Under

1 week's

pay

1 and

under

2 weeks'

pay

2 and

under

3 weeks'

pay

3 and

under

4 weeks*

pay

4 and

under

5 weeks*

pay

5 weeks'

pay or

more

Operating

Nonoperating

L

I

N

E

1

2

C. Welfare and Pension Plans (Other Than Legally Required):

1. Were any employees covered by a private

plan paid entirely or in part by the com- Ope rating Nonope rating

administrative expenses)? (Answer "yes"

if there were such plans even if there (Check one) (Check one)

were no employer expenditures in 1964.)

Yes No Yes No

a. Health, accident, or life insurance (as

defined in Item 5 - A - l ) ____ — ---------------- 3

b. Pension or retirement benefits (as

defined in Item 5 -A -2) ____________________ 4

2. If "ye s" was answered to either or both parts

of C-l, did any employees contribute to the

costs of any of the benefits? (Check "no" if

employee contributions only purchased supplemental benefits or dependents* coverage.)

a. Health, accident, or life insurance— — 1 1

b. Pension or retirement benefits -— ___ __ □

Collective Bargaining Agreements:

□ □ 5

□ □ ^

Did collective bargaining agreements cover a

majority of the nonsupervisory employees? □ □ □ □ T

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56

E. Normal Workweek for Nonoperating Employees:

How many hours per week were normally worked by the majority of employees

in each of the following categories (or the workweek applying to the largest

number of employees if no single workweek applied to a majority)? What

was the approximate average number of persons employed in each category?

1. Nonsupervisory clerical workers---------------------

Number of

hours per

week

Average ^

number of ^

employees

1

2. Other nonsupervisory (nonoperating)

3. Executive, professional, and

supervisory employees------------ — ------------------

2

3

Remarks

List the items for which data were estimated and indicate the method of estimation.

Include any other pertinent explanation of the data you have reported.

Authorizing official Title______________ Date

(Please print or type)

Do you want a copy of the Bureau*s report for this survey?—. Yes Q 3 No □

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Employer Expenditures for Selected Compensation Practices in

Transportation Industries, 1964

Supplem ental Explanations fo r In tercity Bus and L oca l T ran sit C om panies 

E m ployee C overage

Do not include p erson s who p e rfo rm pu rchased tran sportation s e rv ice .

If the em ploym ent figu res requ ested in Item 2 a re not available, C lass I 

c a r r ie r s filin g annual rep orts to the Interstate C om m erce C om m ission m ay substitute 

the figu res on average num ber o f em p loyees in 1964 (sep a ra tely fo r operating and nonoperating em p loyees) shown on those annual re p o rts. If figu res from ICC annual 

rep orts are used, p lea se note this fact.

G ross P a y ro ll

The figu res requested in Item 3 -A are approxim ately the sam e as those r e ­

p orted as "T o ta l C om pensation" on the ICC Annual R eport form s fo r C lass I c a r r ie r s . 

Such c a r r ie r s m ay enter in Item 3-A the sam e figu res as are reported to the ICC. 

H ow ever, retroa ctiv e wage paym ents applicable to a p r io r year should be added to the 

figu re rep orted to the ICC.

C lass II and III c a r r ie r s m ay base their en tries on the statem ent of total 

w ages and sa la rie s paid em p loyees in 1964, as shown on their annual rep orts to the 

ICC. (That figu re should be broken down to show in form ation sep arately fo r operating 

and nonoperating e m p lo y e e s .)

P rem iu m P ay fo r O vertim e, W eekend, and H oliday W ork

R eport in Item 3 - C - l prem iu m s above regu lar pay fo r w ork outside regu lar 

stra igh t-tim e w orking h ou rs. E xclude p rem iu m o r penalty pay not related to the hours 

at which w ork is p e rfo rm e d , fo r exam ple, extra pay for changing tires if p erform ed 

during regu lar hours.

Include prem iu m s fo r spread runs (sp lit sh ifts).

Shift D ifferen tials

Include d ifferen tials for ow l runs.

Total M an-H ours

F o r operating em p loyees, rep ort as total hours paid fo r , hours on duty plus 

other hours paid fo r , such as paid leave h ou rs, tim e in volved in guaranty allow a n ces, 

runaround tim e, and paid layover hours when d riv e rs are relea sed fro m duty. Included 

am ong hours on duty are driving hours; standby tim e; and tim e spent in deadheading 

at e m p lo y e r's d irection and in attendance at cou rt, in vestigation s, o r hearings or at 

safety or other m eetin gs, when requ ired by the em p loyer. If d riv e rs are on spread 

runs (sp lit shifts) exclude hours not on duty, if not paid fo r. Do not rep ort as hours 

paid fo r the equivalents of pay re ce iv e d if actual hours w ere not in volved , fo r exam ple, 

o n e -h a lf h ou r's pay fo r fillin g out an accid en t rep ort during regu lar w orking h ours.

The figu res requested in Item 4 -A m ay be obtained from those reported as 

"T o ta l m an -h ou rs or days paid fo r " on ICC Annual R eport form s fo r C lass I c a r r ie r s . 

If figu res fo r Item 4 -A are d eriv ed fro m data supplied to the IC C , m an -days should 

be con verted to m an -h ou rs in a ccord a n ce with the standard w orkday fo r the em p loyees 

in question.

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1967 0 -2 7 6 -9 7 8

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Other B L S Pu blicatio ns on Compensation Expenditures

and Payroll Hours

B u lle tin

n u m b e r P r i c e

1528 C o m p e n s a tio n E x p e n d it u r e s an d P a y r o ll H o u r s , P ip e lin e s , 

1964. 25 c e n ts

1470 S u p p le m e n ta r y C o m p e n s a tio n f o r N o n p r o d u c tio n W o r k e r s , 

1963 (1 9 6 5 ). 70 ce n ts *

1428 E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s f o r S e le c t e d S u p p le m e n ta r y C o m ­

p e n s a tio n P r a c t i c e s f o r P r o d u c t io n and R e la te d W o r k e r s ;

C o m p o s itio n o f P a y r o ll H o u r s : M a n u fa ctu rin g In d u s tr ie s ,

1962 (1 9 6 5 ). $ 1 . 00

1419 Employer Expenditures for Selected Supplementary Remuneration Practices in Finance, Insurance, and Real

E s ta te I n d u s tr ie s , 1961 (1 9 6 4 ). 45 c e n ts

1413 E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d S u p p le m e n ta r y C o m ­

p e n s a tio n P r a c t i c e s fo r P r o d u c t io n an d R e la te d W o r k e r s ,

M e a tp a ck in g and P r o c e s s in g In d u s tr ie s , 1962 (1 9 6 4 ). 25 c e n ts

1332 E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s f o r S e le c t e d S u p p le m e n ta r y R e ­

m u n e r a tio n P r a c t i c e s fo r P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in M in in g

I n d u s tr ie s , I9 6 0 (1 9 6 3 ). 45 c e n t s *

1308 E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d S u p p le m e n ta r y R e ­

m u n e r a tio n P r a c t i c e s f o r P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in M a n u ­

fa c t u r in g I n d u s tr ie s , 1959 (1 9 6 2 ). 65 c e n t s *

* Out o f p r in t. T h e s e b u lle tin s a r e g e n e r a lly a v a ila b le fo r r e f e r e n c e 

p u r p o s e s a t le a d in g p u b lic , c o ll e g e , o r u n iv e r s it y l i b r a r i e s , o r in the B u r e a u 1 s 

r e g io n a l o f f i c e s .

N O T E : P u b lic a t io n s m a y b e o r d e r e d fr o m th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o c u ­

m e n ts , U. S. G o v e r n m e n t P r in tin g O ffic e , W a sh in g to n , D. C. , 2 0 402, o r fr o m 

th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . (S e e in s id e fr o n t c o v e r fo r a d d r e s s e s .) A 2 5 - 

p e r c e n t d is c o u n t is g iv e n fo r b u n d le o r d e r s o f 100 c o p ie s o r m o r e .

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