PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000

CHIMPANZEE HEALTH IMPROVEMENT,

MAINTENANCE, AND PROTECTION ACT

114 STAT. 2752 PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000

Public Law 106–551

106th Congress

An Act

To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for a system of sanctuaries

for chimpanzees that have been designated as being no longer needed in research

conducted or supported by the Public Health Service, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of

the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Chimpanzee Health Improvement,

Maintenance, and Protection Act’’.

SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL SANCTUARY SYSTEM FOR FEDERALLY OWNED OR SUPPORTED CHIMPANZEES NO

LONGER NEEDED FOR RESEARCH.

Subpart 1 of part E of title IV of the Public Health Service

Act (42 U.S.C. 287 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section

481B the following section:

‘‘SEC. 481C. SANCTUARY SYSTEM FOR SURPLUS CHIMPANZEES.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the establishment and operation in accordance with this section of a system

to provide for the lifetime care of chimpanzees that have been

used, or were bred or purchased for use, in research conducted

or supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Food and

Drug Administration, or other agencies of the Federal Government,

and with respect to which it has been determined by the Secretary

that the chimpanzees are not needed for such research (in this

section referred to as ‘surplus chimpanzees’).

‘‘(b) ADMINISTRATION OF SANCTUARY SYSTEM.—The Secretary

shall carry out this section, including the establishment of regulations under subsection (d), in consultation with the board of directors of the nonprofit private entity that receives the contract under

subsection (e) (relating to the operation of the sanctuary system).

‘‘(c) ACCEPTANCE OF CHIMPANZEES INTO SYSTEM.—All surplus

chimpanzees owned by the Federal Government shall be accepted

into the sanctuary system. Subject to standards under subsection

(d)(4), any chimpanzee that is not owned by the Federal Government

can be accepted into the system if the owner transfers to the

sanctuary system title to the chimpanzee.

‘‘(d) STANDARDS FOR PERMANENT RETIREMENT OF SURPLUS

CHIMPANZEES.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date

of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall by regulation establish standards for operating the sanctuary system

Deadline.

42 USC 287a-3a.

42 USC 201 note.

Chimpanzee

Health

Improvement,

Maintenance,

and Protection

Act.

Dec. 20, 2000

[H.R. 3514]

PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000 114 STAT. 2753

to provide for the permanent retirement of surplus chimpanzees. In establishing the standards, the Secretary shall

consider the recommendations of the board of directors of the

nonprofit private entity that receives the contract under subsection (e), and shall consider the recommendations of the

National Research Council applicable to surplus chimpanzees

that are made in the report published in 1997 and entitled

‘Chimpanzees in Research—Strategies for Their Ethical Care,

Management, and Use’.

‘‘(2) CHIMPANZEES ACCEPTED INTO SYSTEM.—With respect

to chimpanzees that are accepted into the sanctuary system,

standards under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

‘‘(A) A prohibition that the chimpanzees may not be

used for research, except as authorized under paragraph

(3).

‘‘(B) Provisions regarding the housing of the chimpanzees.

‘‘(C) Provisions regarding the behavioral well-being of

the chimpanzees.

‘‘(D) A requirement that the chimpanzees be cared

for in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act.

‘‘(E) A requirement that the chimpanzees be prevented

from breeding.

‘‘(F) A requirement that complete histories be maintained on the health and use in research of the chimpanzees.

‘‘(G) A requirement that the chimpanzees be monitored

for the purpose of promptly detecting the presence in the

chimpanzees of any condition that may be a threat to

the public health or the health of other chimpanzees.

‘‘(H) A requirement that chimpanzees posing such a

threat be contained in accordance with applicable recommendations of the Director of the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention.

‘‘(I) A prohibition that none of the chimpanzees may

be subjected to euthanasia, except as in the best interests

of the chimpanzee involved, as determined by the system

and an attending veterinarian.

‘‘(J) A prohibition that the chimpanzees may not be

discharged from the system. If any chimpanzee is removed

from a sanctuary facility for purposes of research authorized under paragraph (3)(A)(ii), the chimpanzee shall be

returned immediately upon the completion of that research.

All costs associated with the removal of the chimpanzee

from the facility, with the care of the chimpanzee during

such absence from the facility, and with the return of

the chimpanzee to the facility shall be the responsibility

of the entity that obtains approval under such paragraph

regarding use of the chimpanzee and removes the chimpanzee from the sanctuary facility.

‘‘(K) A provision that the Secretary may, in the discretion of the Secretary, accept into the system chimpanzees

that are not surplus chimpanzees.

‘‘(L) Such additional standards as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

‘‘(3) RESTRICTIONS REGARDING RESEARCH.—

114 STAT. 2754 PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of paragraph (2)(A),

standards under paragraph (1) shall provide that a chimpanzee accepted into the sanctuary system may not be

used for studies or research, except as provided in clause

(i) or (ii), as follows:

‘‘(i) The chimpanzee may be used for noninvasive

behavioral studies or medical studies based on information collected during the course of normal veterinary

care that is provided for the benefit of the chimpanzee,

provided that any such study involves minimal physical

and mental harm, pain, distress, and disturbance to

the chimpanzee and the social group in which the

chimpanzee lives.

‘‘(ii) The chimpanzee may be used in research if—

‘‘(I) the Secretary finds that there are special

circumstances in which there is need for that individual, specific chimpanzee (based on that chimpanzee’s prior medical history, prior research

protocols, and current status), and there is no

chimpanzee with a similar history and current

status that is reasonably available among chimpanzees that are not in the sanctuary system;

‘‘(II) the Secretary finds that there are technological or medical advancements that were not

available at the time the chimpanzee entered the

sanctuary system, and that such advancements

can and will be used in the research;

‘‘(III) the Secretary finds that the research

is essential to address an important public health

need; and

‘‘(IV) the design of the research involves

minimal pain and physical harm to the chimpanzee, and otherwise minimizes mental harm,

distress, and disturbance to the chimpanzee and

the social group in which the chimpanzee lives

(including with respect to removal of the chimpanzee from the sanctuary facility involved).

‘‘(B) APPROVAL OF RESEARCH DESIGN.—

‘‘(i) EVALUATION BY SANCTUARY BOARD.—With

respect to a proposed use in research of a chimpanzee

in the sanctuary system under subparagraph (A)(ii),

the board of directors of the nonprofit private entity

that receives the contract under subsection (e) shall,

after consultation with the head of the sanctuary

facility in which the chimpanzee has been placed and

with the attending veterinarian, evaluate whether the

design of the research meets the conditions described

in subparagraph (A)(ii)(IV) and shall submit to the

Secretary the findings of the evaluation.

‘‘(ii) ACCEPTANCE OF BOARD FINDINGS.—The Secretary shall accept the findings submitted to the Secretary under clause (i) by the board of directors

referred to in such clause unless the Secretary makes

a determination that the findings of the board are

arbitrary or capricious.

PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000 114 STAT. 2755

‘‘(iii) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION.—With respect to a

proposed use in research of a chimpanzee in the sanctuary system under subparagraph (A)(ii), the proposal

shall not be approved until—

‘‘(I) the Secretary publishes in the Federal

Register the proposed findings of the Secretary

under such subparagraph, the findings of the

evaluation by the board under clause (i) of this

subparagraph, and the proposed evaluation by the

Secretary under clause (ii) of this subparagraph;

and

‘‘(II) the Secretary seeks public comment for

a period of not less than 60 days.

‘‘(C) ADDITIONAL RESTRICTION.—For purposes of paragraph (2)(A), a condition for the use in studies or research

of a chimpanzee accepted into the sanctuary system is

(in addition to conditions under subparagraphs (A) and

(B) of this paragraph) that the applicant for such use

has not been fined for, or signed a consent decree for,

any violation of the Animal Welfare Act.

‘‘(4) NON-FEDERAL CHIMPANZEES OFFERED FOR ACCEPTANCE

INTO SYSTEM.—With respect to a chimpanzee that is not owned

by the Federal Government and is offered for acceptance into

the sanctuary system, standards under paragraph (1) shall

include the following:

‘‘(A) A provision that the Secretary may authorize the

imposition of a fee for accepting such chimpanzee into

the system, except as follows:

‘‘(i) Such a fee may not be imposed for accepting

the chimpanzee if, on the day before the date of the

enactment of this section, the chimpanzee was owned

by the nonprofit private entity that receives the contract under subsection (e) or by any individual sanctuary facility receiving a subcontract or grant under

subsection (e)(1).

‘‘(ii) Such a fee may not be imposed for accepting

the chimpanzee if the chimpanzee is owned by an

entity that operates a primate center, and if the chimpanzee is housed in the primate center pursuant to

the program for regional centers for research on primates that is carried out by the National Center for

Research Resources.

Any fees collected under this subparagraph are available

to the Secretary for the costs of operating the system.

Any other fees received by the Secretary for the longterm care of chimpanzees (including any Federal fees that

are collected for such purpose and are identified in the

report under section 3 of the Chimpanzee Health Improvement, Maintenance, and Protection Act) are available for

operating the system, in addition to availability for such

other purposes as may be authorized for the use of the

fees.

‘‘(B) A provision that the Secretary may deny such

chimpanzee acceptance into the system if the capacity of

the system is not sufficient to accept the chimpanzee,

taking into account the physical capacity of the system;

Deadline.

Federal Register,

publication.

114 STAT. 2756 PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000

the financial resources of the system; the number of individuals serving as the staff of the system, including the

number of professional staff; the necessity of providing

for the safety of the staff and of the public; the necessity

of caring for accepted chimpanzees in accordance with the

standards under paragraph (1); and such other factors as

may be appropriate.

‘‘(C) A provision that the Secretary may deny such

chimpanzee acceptance into the system if a complete history of the health and use in research of the chimpanzee

is not available to the Secretary.

‘‘(D) Such additional standards as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

‘‘(e) AWARD OF CONTRACT FOR OPERATION OF SYSTEM.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of funds

pursuant to subsection (g), the Secretary shall make an award

of a contract to a nonprofit private entity under which the

entity has the responsibility of operating (and establishing,

as applicable) the sanctuary system and awarding subcontracts

or grants to individual sanctuary facilities that meet the standards under subsection (d).

‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary may make an award

under paragraph (1) to a nonprofit private entity only if the

entity meets the following requirements:

‘‘(A) The entity has a governing board of directors

that is composed and appointed in accordance with paragraph (3) and is satisfactory to the Secretary.

‘‘(B) The terms of service for members of such board

are in accordance with paragraph (3).

‘‘(C) The members of the board serve without compensation. The members may be reimbursed for travel,

subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in carrying out the duties of the board.

‘‘(D) The entity has an executive director meeting such

requirements as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

‘‘(E) The entity makes the agreement described in paragraph (4) (relating to non-Federal contributions).

‘‘(F) The entity agrees to comply with standards under

subsection (d).

‘‘(G) The entity agrees to make necropsy reports on

chimpanzees in the sanctuary system available on a reasonable basis to persons who conduct biomedical or behavioral

research, with priority given to such persons who are Federal employees or who receive financial support from the

Federal Government for research.

‘‘(H) Such other requirements as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

‘‘(3) BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—For purposes of subparagraphs

(A) and (B) of paragraph (2):

‘‘(A) The governing board of directors of the nonprofit

private entity involved is composed and appointed in

accordance with this paragraph if the following conditions

are met:

‘‘(i) Such board is composed of not more than 13

voting members.

PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000 114 STAT. 2757

‘‘(ii) Such members include individuals with expertise and experience in the science of managing captive

chimpanzees (including primate veterinary care),

appointed from among individuals endorsed by

organizations that represent individuals in such field.

‘‘(iii) Such members include individuals with expertise and experience in the field of animal protection,

appointed from among individuals endorsed by

organizations that represent individuals in such field.

‘‘(iv) Such members include individuals with expertise and experience in the zoological field (including

behavioral primatology), appointed from among

individuals endorsed by organizations that represent

individuals in such field.

‘‘(v) Such members include individuals with expertise and experience in the field of the business and

management of nonprofit organizations, appointed

from among individuals endorsed by organizations that

represent individuals in such field.

‘‘(vi) Such members include representatives from

entities that provide accreditation in the field of laboratory animal medicine.

‘‘(vii) Such members include individuals with

expertise and experience in the field of containing biohazards.

‘‘(viii) Such members include an additional member

who serves as the chair of the board, appointed from

among individuals who have been endorsed for purposes of clause (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v).

‘‘(ix) None of the members of the board has been

fined for, or signed a consent decree for, any violation

of the Animal Welfare Act.

‘‘(B) The terms of service for members of the board

of directors are in accordance with this paragraph if the

following conditions are met:

‘‘(i) The term of the chair of the board is 3 years.

‘‘(ii) The initial members of the board select, by

a random method, one member from each of the six

fields specified in subparagraph (A) to serve a term

of 2 years and (in addition to the chair) one member

from each of such fields to serve a term of 3 years.

‘‘(iii) After the initial terms under clause (ii) expire,

each member of the board (other than the chair) is

appointed to serve a term of 2 years.

‘‘(iv) An individual whose term of service expires

may be reappointed to the board.

‘‘(v) A vacancy in the membership of the board

is filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.

‘‘(vi) If a member of the board does not serve

the full term applicable to the member, the individual

appointed to fill the resulting vacancy is appointed

for the remainder of the term of the predecessor

member.

‘‘(4) REQUIREMENT OF MATCHING FUNDS.—The agreement

required in paragraph (2)(E) for a nonprofit private entity

(relating to the award of the contract under paragraph (1))

114 STAT. 2758 PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000

is an agreement that, with respect to the costs to be incurred

by the entity in establishing and operating the sanctuary

system, the entity will make available (directly or through

donations from public or private entities) non-Federal contributions toward such costs, in cash or in kind, in an amount

not less than the following, as applicable:

‘‘(A) For expenses associated with establishing the

sanctuary system (as determined by the Secretary), 10

percent of such costs ($1 for each $9 of Federal funds

provided under the contract under paragraph (1)).

‘‘(B) For expenses associated with operating the sanctuary system (as determined by the Secretary), 25 percent

of such costs ($1 for each $3 of Federal funds provided

under such contract).

‘‘(5) ESTABLISHMENT OF CONTRACT ENTITY.—If the Secretary

determines that an entity meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) does not exist, not later than 60 days after the

date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, for

purposes of paragraph (1), make a grant for the establishment

of such an entity, including paying the cost of incorporating

the entity under the law of one of the States.

‘‘(f ) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:

‘‘(1) PERMANENT RETIREMENT.—The term ‘permanent retirement’, with respect to a chimpanzee that has been accepted

into the sanctuary system, means that under subsection (a)

the system provides for the lifetime care of the chimpanzee,

that under subsection (d)(2) the system does not permit the

chimpanzee to be used in research (except as authorized under

subsection (d)(3)) or to be euthanized (except as provided in

subsection (d)(2)(I)), that under subsection (d)(2) the system

will not discharge the chimpanzee from the system, and that

under such subsection the system otherwise cares for the chimpanzee.

‘‘(2) SANCTUARY SYSTEM.—The term ‘sanctuary system’

means the system described in subsection (a). ‘‘(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary

of Health and Human Services.

‘‘(4) SURPLUS CHIMPANZEES.—The term ‘surplus chimpanzees’ has the meaning given that term in subsection (a).

‘‘(g) FUNDING.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amount appropriated under this

Act for fiscal year 2001 and each subsequent fiscal year, the

Secretary, subject to paragraph (2), shall reserve a portion

for purposes of the operation (and establishment, as applicable)

of the sanctuary system and for purposes of paragraph (3),

except that the Secretary may not for such purposes reserve

any further funds from such amount after the aggregate total

of the funds so reserved for such fiscal years reaches

$30,000,000. The purposes for which funds reserved under the

preceding sentence may be expended include the construction

and renovation of facilities for the sanctuary system.

‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Funds may not be reserved for a fiscal

year under paragraph (1) unless the amount appropriated under

this Act for such year equals or exceeds the amount appropriated under this Act for fiscal year 1999.

‘‘(3) USE OF FUNDS FOR OTHER COMPLIANT FACILITIES.— With respect to amounts reserved under paragraph (1) for

Deadline.

PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000 114 STAT. 2759

a fiscal year, the Secretary may use a portion of such amounts

to make awards of grants or contracts to public or private

entities operating facilities that, as determined by the board

of directors of the nonprofit private entity that receives the

contract under subsection (e), provide for the retirement of

chimpanzees in accordance with the same standards that apply

to the sanctuary system pursuant to regulations under subsection (d). Such an award may be expended for the expenses

of operating the facilities involved.’’.

SEC. 3. REPORT TO CONGRESS REGARDING NUMBER OF CHIMPANZEES

AND FUNDING FOR CARE OF CHIMPANZEES.

With respect to chimpanzees that have been used, or were

bred or purchased for use, in research conducted or supported

by the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, or other agencies of the Federal Government, the Secretary

of Health and Human Services shall, not later than 365 days

after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to Congress

a report providing the following information:

(1) The number of such chimpanzees in the United States,

whether owned or held by the Federal Government, any of

the States, or private entities.

(2) An identification of any requirement imposed by the

Federal Government that, as a condition of the use of such

a chimpanzee in research by a non-Federal entity—

(A) fees be paid by the entity to the Federal Government for the purpose of providing for the care of the chimpanzee (including any fees for long-term care); or

(B) funds be provided by the entity to a State, unit

of local government, or private entity for an endowment

or other financial account whose purpose is to provide

for the care of the chimpanzee (including any funds provided for long-term care).

(3) An accounting for fiscal years 1999 and 2000 of all

fees paid and funds provided by non-Federal entities pursuant

to requirements described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of

paragraph (2).

Deadline.

42 USC 287a-3a

note.

114 STAT. 2760 PUBLIC LAW 106–551—DEC. 20, 2000

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 3514 (S. 2725):

SENATE REPORTS: No. 106–494 accompanying S. 2725 (Comm. on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions).

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 146 (2000):

Oct. 24, considered and passed House.

Dec. 6, considered and passed Senate.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 36 (2000):

Dec. 20, Presidential statement.

Æ

(4) In the case of such fees, a specification of whether

the fees were available to the Secretary (or other Federal officials) pursuant to annual appropriations Acts or pursuant to

permanent appropriations.

Approved December 20, 2000.