HDR1012000170050516951500Farm Labor                                             
HDR2012000170050516951500Farm Labor Narrative                                   
                                                                                
Released May 16, 1995, by the Agricultural Statistics Board.  Estimates         
refer to the week of April 9-15, 1995.                                          
                                                                                
                        Number of Workers Slightly Lower                        
                                                                                
There were 2.82 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during 
the week of April 9-15, 1995.  This compares with 2.92 million people during the
April 1994 survey week.  Self-employed farm operators accounted for 1.40 million
of the total, along with 386,000 unpaid workers, and 822,000 workers hired      
directly by farm operators.  Agricultural service employees working on farms and
ranches made up the remaining 214,000 workers.                                  
                                                                                
Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.49 per hour       
during the April 1995 survey week.  This rate was up 7 cents from a year        
earlier.  Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.20 per hour compared with   
$6.11 in April 1994.  Field workers received an average of $6.05 per hour, up   
3 cents from the April 1994 survey week.  Livestock workers earned $5.88 per    
hour compared with $5.80 a year earlier.                                        
                                                                                
Benefits were provided for 372,000 hired workers.  Farm operators provided      
housing for 124,000, meals for 48,000, bonuses for 81,000, health insurance for 
188,000, transportation for 55,000, and other benefits for 188,000 hired        
workers.                                                                        
                                                                                
During the survey week of April 9-15, 1995, cold air dipped southward into the  
Nation's mid-section in the wake of a major spring storm from west-central      
Kansas into the northern Panhandle of Texas.  Heavy snow fell from the central  
Rockies into Minnesota, while heavy rain caused significant flooding in the     
central Gulf Coast region.  Rain showers dampened the Eastern States.  Rain in  
northern California slowed fieldwork.  Heavy rains caused flooding in the Delta.
Dry soils in the Atlantic States and the Tennessee Valley continued to hamper   
spring planting.  Heavy rains in the Ohio Valley slowed planting.  Fieldwork was
delayed in the Midwest by cool, cloudy, and wet weather.  Cold, wet weather in  
the Great Lakes region hampered spring land preparation.  Onion harvest was     
increasing in the Texas Rio Grande Valley.  Florida growers planted cotton and  
peanuts and harvested vegetables and Valencia oranges.  Field work in           
California's central and southern regions progressed with planting, spraying,   
thinning, and irrigation.  Harvest of numerous spring vegetables and Valencia   
oranges was active.                                                             
                                                                                
For information call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228.  Office hours are 8:00 a.m.  
to 4:30 p.m. ET.                                                                
                                                                                
SpSy 08 (5-95)                                                                  
HDR2012000170050516951500Employment and Wage Rates                              
             Farm Labor:  Employment and Wage Rates, United States,             
                      April 9-15, 1995, with Comparisons 1/                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :  April 10-16,  : January 8-14,  :  April 9-15,   
                                                                                
       Farm Employment       :      1994      :      1995      :      1995      
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :                      1,000                       
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Farm Workers                 :     2,679            2,291            2,608      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
  Self-Employed              :     1,420            1,316            1,400      
                                                                                
  Unpaid                     :       456              346              386      
                                                                                
  Hired                      :       803              629              822      
                                                                                
    Expected to be Employed  :                                                  
                                                                                
      150 Days or More       :       613              510              605      
                                                                                
      149 Days or Less       :       190              119              217      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Agricultural Services        :                                                  
                                                                                
  Workers Working on Farms   :       240              140              214      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Total Farm & Service Workers :     2,919            2,431            2,822      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
                             :                 Dollars per Hour                 
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Wage Rates for               :                                                  
                                                                                
  All Hired Workers 2/ 3/    :      6.42             6.73             6.49      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Method of Pay                :                                                  
                                                                                
  Hourly                     :      6.11             6.28             6.20      
                                                                                
  Piece-Rate                 :      7.12             6.87             6.33      
                                                                                
  Other                      :      7.06             7.46             7.29      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Type of Worker               :                                                  
                                                                                
  Field & Livestock Combined :      5.96             6.12             6.01      
                                                                                
    Field                    :      6.02             6.20             6.05      
                                                                                
    Livestock                :      5.80             6.00             5.88      
                                                                                
  Supervisory                :     10.10            10.03            10.58      
                                                                                
  Other                      :      7.38             8.16             8.37      
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
2/  Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the      
                                                                                
    values are not included in the wage rates.                                  
                                                                                
3/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Workers on Farms                                       
                   Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State,                  
                                                                                
                     and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/                     
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired               
                                                                                
               :         :         :        :-----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed 
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :-------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days  
                                                                                
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000                              
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             :     50                          17                             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :     49                          25                             
                                                                                
Northeast I    :     99        41      16        42         35            7     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             :     75                          21                             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :     36                          12                             
                                                                                
Northeast II   :    111        56      22        33         26            7     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             :     84                          29                             
                                                                                
VA             :     54                          15                             
                                                                                
Appalachian I  :    138        76      18        44         30           14     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II :    177       115      32        30         16           14     
                                                                                
Southeast      :    113        59      12        42         30           12     
                                                                                
FL             :     72        19       3        50         43            7     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             :     70                          29                             
                                                                                
MN             :     89                          11                             
                                                                                
WI             :    118                          24                             
                                                                                
Lake           :    277       160      53        64         46           18     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     :    242       166      30        46         36           10     
                                                                                
Cornbelt II    :    206       143      30        33         26            7     
                                                                                
Delta          :    133        84      16        33         25            8     
                                                                                
Northern Plains:    196       133      40        23         19            4     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             :     74                           9                             
                                                                                
TX             :    208                          45                             
                                                                                
Southern Plains:    282       184      44        54         44           10     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     :     68        32      17        19         16            3     
                                                                                
Mountain II    :     47        25       9        13         11            2     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             :     27                          13                             
                                                                                
NM             :     30                           6                             
                                                                                
Mountain III   :     57        14      24        19         16            3     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             :     58                          19                             
                                                                                
WA             :     61                          37                             
                                                                                
Pacific        :    119        50      13        56         37           19     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             :    260        40       6       214        143           71     
                                                                                
HI             :     11         3       1         7          6            1     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          :  2,608     1,400     386       822        605          217     
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.                                  
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers      
                                                                                
            by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/            
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :                             
                                                                                
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for        
                                                                                
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers      
                                                                                
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :                             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour       
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             :                           42.0                 6.45            
                                                                                
Other 4/       :                           39.0                 7.55            
                                                                                
Northeast I    :   44.8        32.7        40.2                 7.08            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             :                           41.0                 6.06            
                                                                                
Other 4/       :                           41.3                 7.07            
                                                                                
Northeast II   :   38.3        34.2        41.1                 6.44            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             :                           33.7                 5.95            
                                                                                
VA             :                           41.0                 6.27            
                                                                                
Appalachian I  :   31.3        33.2        36.2                 6.08            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II :   27.2        25.8        36.4                 5.75            
                                                                                
Southeast      :   30.3        29.5        40.3                 5.57            
                                                                                
FL             :   27.0        29.0        38.0                 7.86            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             :                           42.6                 6.86            
                                                                                
MN             :                           37.5                 7.65            
                                                                                
WI             :                           36.9                 6.70            
                                                                                
Lake           :   41.5        29.3        39.6                 6.93            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     :   31.4        29.8        37.2                 6.67            
                                                                                
Cornbelt II    :   33.2        26.9        37.7                 6.05            
                                                                                
Delta          :   32.6        25.2        38.8                 5.62            
                                                                                
Northern Plains:   43.9        37.5        41.1                 6.22            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             :                           37.0                 6.50            
                                                                                
TX             :                           41.3                 5.71            
                                                                                
Southern Plains:   33.7        25.0        40.6                 5.82            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     :   46.3        32.3        46.5                 5.71            
                                                                                
Mountain II    :   38.1        29.5        41.3                 6.20            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             :                           42.0                 6.41            
                                                                                
NM             :                           45.6                 6.43            
                                                                                
Mountain III   :   31.1        27.6        43.1                 6.42            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             :                           39.6                 6.88            
                                                                                
WA             :                           38.0                 7.03            
                                                                                
Pacific        :   31.4        29.6        38.5                 6.98            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             :   31.5        34.7        44.8                 6.55            
                                                                                
HI             :   30.4        29.1        36.5                10.02            
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          :   35.0        29.8        40.7                 6.49            
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.                                  
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers                                          
                  Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State,                  
                                                                                
                     and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/                     
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/    
                                                                                
     State     :----------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :       
                                                                                
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour                        
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             : 6.76               5.95                  6.95                  
                                                                                
Other 4/       : 7.00               6.60                  7.50                  
                                                                                
Northeast I    : 6.90     5.71      6.30    10.13   8.67  7.29       3/    6.65 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             : 6.19               5.67                  6.18                  
                                                                                
Other 4/       : 6.91               6.69                  7.04                  
                                                                                
Northeast II   : 6.53     5.30      6.06     9.53   8.13  6.56       3/    6.22 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             : 5.37               5.58                  5.75                  
                                                                                
VA             : 5.85               5.89                  6.10                  
                                                                                
Appalachian I  : 5.54     6.17      5.69     9.04   7.54  5.87       3/    6.61 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II : 5.68     5.48      5.61       3/   7.89  5.92       3/    5.26 
Southeast      : 5.16     5.56      5.24     9.69   6.94  5.31     4.70    6.14 
FL             : 7.05     6.20      6.97    12.70  11.65  7.25     7.50   10.90 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             : 6.41               6.41                  6.48                  
                                                                                
MN             : 8.34               7.26                  7.80                  
                                                                                
WI             : 7.05               5.73                  6.90                  
                                                                                
Lake           : 6.70     5.79      6.28    10.78   8.45  6.76       3/    7.23 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     : 6.25     5.94      6.19     9.81   6.99  6.40       3/    7.46 
Cornbelt II    : 6.16     5.63      5.77     8.70   6.50  5.69       3/    7.15 
Delta          : 5.23     5.84      5.41     9.18   6.28  5.33       3/    6.28 
Northern Plains: 6.63     5.66      6.12       3/     3/  6.37       3/    6.07 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             : 5.95               5.86                  6.00                  
                                                                                
TX             : 5.38               5.49                  5.57                  
                                                                                
Southern Plains: 5.44     5.67      5.54     8.44   6.64  5.63       3/    6.00 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     : 5.61     5.38      5.51       3/   6.18  5.60       3/    5.77 
Mountain II    : 5.65     5.53      5.58     8.27     3/  5.47       3/    6.91 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             : 5.75               5.86                  6.00                  
                                                                                
NM             : 5.55               6.21                  5.60                  
                                                                                
Mountain III   : 5.71     6.53      5.98    10.13     3/  5.94       3/    7.19 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             : 6.30               6.35                  6.23                  
                                                                                
WA             : 6.43               6.56                  6.62                  
                                                                                
Pacific        : 6.39     7.37      6.49    10.79   9.23  6.50       3/    9.53 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             : 5.94     7.25      6.03    12.76   9.62  6.00     6.21   10.81 
HI             : 8.75       3/      8.73    15.40     3/  9.00       3/   14.16 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          : 6.05     5.88      6.01    10.58   8.37  6.20     6.33    7.29 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Insufficient data.                                                          
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.             
                                                                                
7/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Workers on Farms                                       
         Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State, and United States,         
                                                                                
                              January 8-14, 1995 1/                             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired               
                                                                                
               :         :         :        :-----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed 
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :-------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days  
                                                                                
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000                              
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             :     48                          15                             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :     42                          21                             
                                                                                
Northeast I    :     90        43      11        36         31            5     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             :     70                          15                             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :     28                           7                             
                                                                                
Northeast II   :     98        54      22        22         19            3     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             :     62                          17                             
                                                                                
VA             :     54                          13                             
                                                                                
Appalachian I  :    116        71      15        30         22            8     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II :    157       110      21        26         14           12     
                                                                                
Southeast      :     98        64       8        26         20            6     
                                                                                
FL             :     77        19       3        55         45           10     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             :     52                          16                             
                                                                                
MN             :     94                          15                             
                                                                                
WI             :    117                          25                             
                                                                                
Lake           :    263       157      50        56         47            9     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     :    206       143      33        30         25            5     
                                                                                
Cornbelt II    :    194       134      27        33         29            4     
                                                                                
Delta          :    107        67      18        22         20            2     
                                                                                
Northern Plains:    185       124      37        24         20            4     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             :     78                          12                             
                                                                                
TX             :    198                          39                             
                                                                                
Southern Plains:    276       186      39        51         40           11     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     :     53        29      10        14         13            1     
                                                                                
Mountain II    :     45        24       7        14         13            1     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             :     26                          11                             
                                                                                
NM             :     30                           5                             
                                                                                
Mountain III   :     56        15      25        16         14            2     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             :     50                          16                             
                                                                                
WA             :     48                          29                             
                                                                                
Pacific        :     98        44       9        45         32           13     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             :    161        29      10       122        100           22     
                                                                                
HI             :     11         3       1         7          6            1     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          :  2,291     1,316     346       629        510          119     
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.                                  
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers,     
                                                                                
           by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/           
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Hours Worked           :                             
                                                                                
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for        
                                                                                
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers      
                                                                                
   Region 2/   :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ :  Hired   :                             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour       
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             :                           40.4                6.58             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :                           40.0                7.35             
                                                                                
Northeast I    :   39.9        32.3        40.2                7.04             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             :                           43.0                6.24             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :                           36.4                6.82             
                                                                                
Northeast II   :   37.3        34.9        40.9                6.40             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             :                           33.0                6.70             
                                                                                
VA             :                           36.0                6.35             
                                                                                
Appalachian I  :   27.4        32.4        34.3                6.54             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II :   25.5        24.6        30.5                5.64             
                                                                                
Southeast      :   22.5        27.5        37.7                5.60             
                                                                                
FL             :   24.0        31.0        41.0                7.39             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             :                           37.3                6.55             
                                                                                
MN             :                           30.9                6.69             
                                                                                
WI             :                           39.0                5.97             
                                                                                
Lake           :   38.8        30.3        36.3                6.30             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     :   28.8        29.6        38.6                6.73             
                                                                                
Cornbelt II    :   29.4        24.2        37.2                6.46             
                                                                                
Delta          :   26.9        32.0        31.9                5.96             
                                                                                
Northern Plains:   36.4        27.7        36.8                7.29             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             :                           30.0                6.50             
                                                                                
TX             :                           39.1                5.67             
                                                                                
Southern Plains:   29.5        25.7        37.0                5.83             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     :   33.2        31.2        40.9                6.99             
                                                                                
Mountain II    :   31.6        26.3        42.8                6.67             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             :                           47.0                7.40             
                                                                                
NM             :                           39.9                6.08             
                                                                                
Mountain III   :   28.6        20.9        44.8                7.01             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             :                           35.9                6.96             
                                                                                
WA             :                           36.0                7.41             
                                                                                
Pacific        :   25.8        25.5        36.0                7.25             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             :   30.3        27.0        36.0                7.10             
                                                                                
HI             :   28.6        29.1        37.6                9.76             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          :   30.8        28.1        37.3                6.73             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.                                  
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers                                          
         Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States,        
                                                                                
                              January 8-14, 1995 1/                             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/    
                                                                                
     State     :----------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :       
                                                                                
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour                        
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             : 8.07               6.44                  6.75                  
                                                                                
Other 4/       : 7.00               6.48                  7.30                  
                                                                                
Northeast I    : 7.40     5.87      6.46     9.46   7.20  7.11       3/    6.93 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             : 6.67               5.81                  6.52                  
                                                                                
Other 4/       : 6.53               5.95                  6.89                  
                                                                                
Northeast II   : 6.63     5.12      5.84     9.30   8.87  6.61       3/    6.16 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             : 5.95               6.09                  5.75                  
                                                                                
VA             : 5.87               5.89                  6.10                  
                                                                                
Appalachian I  : 5.92     6.07      6.00     9.11   7.56  5.89       3/    7.02 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II : 5.33     5.69      5.51       3/     3/  5.64       3/      3/ 
Southeast      : 5.44     5.25      5.39       3/   5.67  5.37     6.05    6.19 
FL             : 6.54     6.25      6.51    12.50  10.00  6.75     6.70   10.85 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             : 7.40               6.33                  6.95                  
                                                                                
MN             : 7.94               6.21                  7.43                  
                                                                                
WI             : 6.00               5.33                  6.10                  
                                                                                
Lake           : 6.86     5.56      5.83     8.53   7.50  6.51     5.79    6.09 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     : 6.16     6.28      6.21     9.31   7.01  6.39       3/    7.32 
Cornbelt II    : 5.63     6.36      6.07     8.35     3/  6.21       3/    7.12 
Delta          : 5.61     5.46      5.54       3/   6.21  5.42       3/    6.54 
Northern Plains: 7.31     6.86      6.99       3/   7.58  6.60       3/    7.88 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             : 5.85               5.85                  6.30                  
                                                                                
TX             : 5.26               5.29                  5.19                  
                                                                                
Southern Plains: 5.33     5.45      5.39     8.60   6.52  5.44     5.67    6.25 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     : 6.60     6.50      6.52     8.69   6.91  7.36       3/    6.84 
Mountain II    : 6.53     5.96      6.13     8.44   6.36  6.55       3/    6.73 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             : 6.80               6.31                  6.50                  
                                                                                
NM             : 6.12               5.98                  5.76                  
                                                                                
Mountain III   : 6.58     5.51      6.20       3/     3/  6.31       3/      3/ 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             : 6.10               6.22                  6.15                  
                                                                                
WA             : 6.59               6.81                  6.69                  
                                                                                
Pacific        : 6.43     7.34      6.60    10.65  10.25  6.53     7.58    9.57 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             : 6.00     6.98      6.17    12.00   9.51  6.07     7.44    9.57 
HI             : 8.60       3/      8.55    15.55     3/  8.78       3/   14.10 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 7/          : 6.20     6.00      6.12    10.03   8.16  6.28     6.87    7.46 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Insufficient data.                                                          
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only.             
                                                                                
7/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Workers on Farms                                       
                   Workers on Farms:  Number by Region, State,                  
                                                                                
                     and United States, April 10-16, 1994 1/                    
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         :         :        :               Hired               
                                                                                
               :         :         :        :-----------------------------------
     State     :   All   :  Self-  :        :         : Expected to be Employed 
      and      :  Farm   :Employed : Unpaid : Number  :-------------------------
   Region 2/   : Workers :   3/    :   3/   :   of    :  150 Days  :  149 Days  
                                                                                
               :         :         :        : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                             1,000                              
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             :     62                          22                             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :     46                          23                             
                                                                                
Northeast I    :    108        49      14        45         36            9     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             :     93                          23                             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :     35                          14                             
                                                                                
Northeast II   :    128        61      30        37         32            5     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             :     67                          24                             
                                                                                
VA             :     39                          13                             
                                                                                
Appalachian I  :    106        55      14        37         23           14     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II :    174       118      30        26         17            9     
                                                                                
Southeast      :    129        65      17        47         31           16     
                                                                                
FL             :     96        22       3        71         53           18     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             :     63                          22                             
                                                                                
MN             :    130                          16                             
                                                                                
WI             :    107                          24                             
                                                                                
Lake           :    300       171      67        62         45           17     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     :    240       157      37        46         39            7     
                                                                                
Cornbelt II    :    208       139      44        25         20            5     
                                                                                
Delta          :    134        76      19        39         30            9     
                                                                                
Northern Plains:    230       150      52        28         23            5     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             :     82                          12                             
                                                                                
TX             :    206                          47                             
                                                                                
Southern Plains:    288       174      55        59         48           11     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     :     78        39      18        21         16            5     
                                                                                
Mountain II    :     48        25       7        16         12            4     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             :     25                          11                             
                                                                                
NM             :     27                           7                             
                                                                                
Mountain III   :     52        11      23        18         16            2     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             :     65                          21                             
                                                                                
WA             :     68                          32                             
                                                                                
Pacific        :    133        65      15        53         33           20     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             :    215        40      10       165        132           33     
                                                                                
HI             :     12         3       1         8          7            1     
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          :  2,679     1,420     456       803        613          190     
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Published at regional and U.S. level only.                                  
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
      Workers on Farms:  Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers      
                                                                                
            by Region, State, and United States, April 10-16, 1994 1/           
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :         Hours Worked 3/          :                             
                                                                                
     State     :----------------------------------:       Wage Rates for        
                                                                                
      and      :   Self-   :           :          :      All Hired Workers      
                                                                                
   Region 2/   : Employed  :  Unpaid   :  Hired   :                             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :   ------ Hours per Week ------          Dollars per Hour       
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             :                           40.3                6.93             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :                           40.0                7.45             
                                                                                
Northeast I    :   43.2        32.6        40.1                7.20             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             :                           44.0                5.87             
                                                                                
Other 4/       :                           38.2                7.16             
                                                                                
Northeast II   :   38.2        34.6        41.8                6.32             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             :                           37.5                5.44             
                                                                                
VA             :                           36.1                5.89             
                                                                                
Appalachian I  :   32.1        30.5        37.0                5.59             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II :   24.6        26.1        30.7                5.78             
                                                                                
Southeast      :   28.7        23.7        37.6                6.17             
                                                                                
FL             :   27.0        27.0        36.0                6.90             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             :                           41.4                6.61             
                                                                                
MN             :                           35.4                6.90             
                                                                                
WI             :                           37.0                5.56             
                                                                                
Lake           :   45.0        32.5        38.1                6.29             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     :   34.1        31.1        38.4                6.65             
                                                                                
Cornbelt II    :   39.8        27.7        35.9                5.87             
                                                                                
Delta          :   31.2        25.7        41.4                5.23             
                                                                                
Northern Plains:   49.2        36.7        46.2                6.20             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             :                           41.0                6.05             
                                                                                
TX             :                           45.1                5.80             
                                                                                
Southern Plains:   33.6        25.6        44.3                5.85             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     :   57.5        35.1        55.3                5.63             
                                                                                
Mountain II    :   41.1        29.1        42.3                6.35             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             :                           50.0                6.50             
                                                                                
NM             :                           51.5                6.12             
                                                                                
Mountain III   :   34.7        28.1        50.6                6.35             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             :                           37.6                6.45             
                                                                                
WA             :                           41.0                6.83             
                                                                                
Pacific        :   30.0        31.5        39.7                6.69             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             :   36.7        24.8        44.0                6.86             
                                                                                
HI             :   30.2        31.4        37.1                9.90             
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 5/          :   37.3        30.2        40.8                6.42             
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Self employed and unpaid published at regional and U.S. level only.         
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region.                                            
                                                                                
5/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers                                          
                  Hired Workers:  Wage Rates by Region, State,                  
                                                                                
                     and United States, April 10-16, 1994 1/                    
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :           Type of Worker 5/            :   Method of Pay 6/    
                                                                                
     State     :----------------------------------------------------------------
      and      :      :         : Field &  :Super-:     :       : Piece :       
                                                                                
   Region 2/   :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate  : Other 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               :                        Dollars per Hour                        
                                                                                
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NY             : 6.45               6.17                  7.02                  
                                                                                
Other 4/       : 7.20               6.28                  7.45                  
                                                                                
Northeast I    : 6.88     5.68      6.23    10.09   7.45  7.24     7.51    7.02 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
PA             : 6.14               5.36                  6.40                  
                                                                                
Other 4/       : 6.46               6.54                  6.32                  
                                                                                
Northeast II   : 6.28     5.22      5.77     9.07   7.94  6.37       3/    6.26 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
NC             : 5.15               5.23                  5.23                  
                                                                                
VA             : 5.49               5.61                  5.81                  
                                                                                
Appalachian I  : 5.24     5.63      5.35     7.93     3/  5.39       3/    5.90 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Appalachian II : 5.84     5.41      5.62       3/     3/  5.73       3/    5.94 
Southeast      : 5.79     5.79      5.79    10.11   8.02  6.03     5.38    6.78 
FL             : 6.40     6.00      6.36    11.55  10.55  6.24     7.50   10.50 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
MI             : 6.09               6.21                  6.32                  
                                                                                
MN             : 6.70               6.29                  6.65                  
                                                                                
WI             : 6.40               5.28                  5.73                  
                                                                                
Lake           : 6.27     5.46      5.84     9.42   7.98  6.22       3/    6.40 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Cornbelt I     : 6.75     6.40      6.62    11.14   5.55  6.37       3/    7.58 
Cornbelt II    : 6.02     5.38      5.68       3/     3/  5.73       3/    6.05 
Delta          : 4.96     5.17      5.00     7.89   6.75  5.27       3/    5.11 
Northern Plains: 5.83     6.13      5.96     7.83   6.30  6.25       3/    6.17 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OK             : 5.63               5.91                  5.90                  
                                                                                
TX             : 5.28               5.48                  5.39                  
                                                                                
Southern Plains: 5.34     5.84      5.56     8.51   6.52  5.52       3/    6.38 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
Mountain I     : 5.70     5.29      5.51     7.09     3/  5.95       3/    5.38 
Mountain II    : 5.72     5.57      5.65       3/   7.24  5.57       3/    7.07 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
AZ             : 5.65               5.81                  5.92                  
                                                                                
NM             : 5.33               5.79                  5.80                  
                                                                                
Mountain III   : 5.60     6.09      5.81     9.49     3/  5.89       3/    6.93 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
OR             : 5.97               5.96                  5.97                  
                                                                                
WA             : 6.26               6.41                  6.39                  
                                                                                
Pacific        : 6.15     6.86      6.24    10.29   7.01  6.24     5.80    9.20 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
CA             : 6.13     7.06      6.22    12.25   9.51  6.09     7.64   10.62 
HI             : 8.71       3/      8.68    15.60     3/  8.91       3/   13.72 
               :                                                                
                                                                                
US 7/          : 6.02     5.80      5.96    10.10   7.38  6.11     7.12    7.06 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Region map on page 17.                                                      
                                                                                
3/  Insufficient data.                                                          
                                                                                
4/  Other States in the same region                                             
                                                                                
5/  Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level     
                                                                                
    only.                                                                       
                                                                                
6/  Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only.            
                                                                                
7/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Field and Livestock Workers                            
               Field and Livestock Workers Combined:  Wage Rates,               
                                                                                
                   by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/                  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 :      April 10-16, 1994       :       April 9-15, 1995        
                                                                                
                 :--------------------------------------------------------------
    Region 2/    :Field :Other :L'stk & :  All  : Field :Other :L'stk & :  All  
                                                                                
                 :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 :                       Dollars per Hour                       
                                                                                
                 :                                                              
                                                                                
Northeast        : 6.04   6.56    5.56    6.00    5.85    6.82    5.74    6.18  
                                                                                
Appalachian      : 4.92   5.98    5.58    5.45    5.17    5.87    5.81    5.66  
                                                                                
Southeast        : 5.86   6.22    6.00    6.13    4.80    5.68    4.95    5.37  
                                                                                
Lake             : 7.11   6.43    5.20    5.84    7.16    6.60    5.71    6.28  
                                                                                
Cornbelt         : 6.15   7.06    5.88    6.27    6.36    6.26    5.70    6.01  
                                                                                
Delta            : 5.12   4.87    4.85    5.00    5.23    5.35    5.79    5.41  
                                                                                
Northern Plains  : 5.86     3/    6.02    5.96    6.39    6.90    5.80    6.12  
                                                                                
Southern Plains  : 5.13   5.09    6.00    5.56    5.47    5.60    5.57    5.54  
                                                                                
Mountain         : 5.81   6.05    5.39    5.64    5.75    6.08    5.45    5.70  
                                                                                
Pacific          : 6.09   6.13    7.03    6.22    6.39    5.97    7.12    6.11  
                                                                                
48 States        : 5.72   6.20    5.74    5.93    5.75    6.05    5.80    5.91  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                
            All Hired Workers:  Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm           
                                                                                
                           by Region and 48 States 1/                           
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         :         April 10-16, 1994         :         April 9-15, 1995         
                                                                                
  Region :----------------------------------------------------------------------
    2/   : Gross Value Sales-$1000's  : All  : Gross Value Sales-$1000's  : All 
         : <40  :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         :                           Dollars per Hour                           
                                                                                
         :                                                                      
                                                                                
N. East  : 7.62   5.97    6.09   6.94   6.80  8.03   6.08    5.82    7.37  6.79 
Appal.   : 5.24   5.45    5.42   6.00   5.66  5.36   5.12    5.70    6.32  5.94 
S. East  : 6.42   6.30    6.02   6.77   6.60  4.79   4.28    4.70    5.98  5.65 
Lake     : 5.01   3.54    6.83   6.53   6.29  5.47   5.79    5.59    7.45  6.93 
Cornbelt : 6.21   5.22    5.78   6.96   6.41  5.45   5.88    6.12    7.12  6.41 
Delta    : 5.67   4.92    5.07   5.38   5.23  5.61   5.42    5.25    5.84  5.62 
N. Plains: 5.35   5.69    5.84   6.40   6.20  5.35   4.74    5.88    6.80  6.22 
S. Plains: 5.26   5.90    5.56   6.02   5.85  7.07   5.63    5.32    5.91  5.82 
Mountain : 4.39   5.53    5.01   6.71   6.05  5.78   6.58    5.88    6.10  6.08 
Pacific  : 6.72   6.21    6.28   6.92   6.82  7.29   6.59    6.67    6.61  6.63 
48 States: 6.01   5.52    5.90   6.69   6.39  6.10   5.73    5.77    6.60  6.47 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Regions consist of the following States.                                    
                                                                                
      Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT.                    
                                                                                
      Appalachian:  KY, NC, TN, VA, WV.                                         
                                                                                
      Southeast:  AL, FL, GA, SC.                                               
                                                                                
      Lake:  MI, MN, WI.                                                        
                                                                                
      Cornbelt:  IA, IL, IN, MO, OH.                                            
                                                                                
      Delta:  AR, LA, MS.                                                       
                                                                                
      Northern Plains:  KS, NE, ND, SD.                                         
                                                                                
      Southern Plains:  OK, TX.                                                 
                                                                                
      Mountain:  AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY.                                
                                                                                
      Pacific:  CA, OR, WA.                                                     
                                                                                
      48 States:  All States, excluding AK and HI.                              
                                                                                
3/  Insufficent data.                                                           
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                    Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution                   
                                                                                
                          by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/                         
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Type of      :    April 10-16,     :  January 8-14,   :   April 9-15,    
                                                                                
        Farm        :        1994         :       1995       :       1995       
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    :       Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/        
                                                                                
                    :                                                           
                                                                                
Field Crops         :         22                  19                 19         
                                                                                
Other Crops         :         46                  37                 52         
                                                                                
Livestock, Dairy,   :                                                           
                                                                                
 & Poultry          :         32                  44                 29         
                                                                                
                    :        100.0               100.0              100.0       
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers                                          
                                                                                
                    Hired Workers:  Distribution by Economic                    
                                                                                
                           Class of Farm, 48 States 1/                          
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Gross Value    :    April 10-16,     :  January 8-14,   :   April 9-15,    
                                                                                
      of Sales      :        1994         :       1995       :       1995       
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    :                Percent of Hired Workers 3/                
                                                                                
                    :                                                           
                                                                                
Less than $40,000   :          9                  10                 10         
                                                                                
$40,000-$99,999     :         11                   9                  8         
                                                                                
$100,000-$249,999   :         18                  18                 18         
                                                                                
$250,000 and over   :         62                  63                 64         
                                                                                
                    :        100.0               100.0              100.0       
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  48 States, excluding AK and HI.                                             
                                                                                
2/  Field and Livestock Workers combined.                                       
                                                                                
3/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
             Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States,            
                                                                                
                                April 8-14 1/ 2/                                
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :  April 10-16,  : January 8-14,  :  April 8-14,   
                                                                                
                             :      1994      :      1995      :      1995      
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :             Percent of Hired Workers             
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Employed on Farms Hiring     :                                                  
                                                                                
  1 Worker                   :      13               16               12        
                                                                                
  2 Workers                  :      11               12               10        
                                                                                
  3-6 Workers                :      21               26               17        
                                                                                
  7-10 Workers               :       8                9                9        
                                                                                
  At least 11 Workers        :      47               37               52        
                                                                                
                             :     100.0            100.0            100.0      
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Payment Method               :                                                  
                                                                                
  Hourly                     :      70               63               69        
                                                                                
  Piece-Rate                 :       5                5                8        
                                                                                
  Other Methods              :      25               32               23        
                                                                                
                             :     100.0            100.0            100.0      
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
3/  Benefits are in priority from highest to lowest.  Each worker is counted one
    time in the highest category, even though benefits in a lower category may  
                                                                                
    be received.  Housing and meals is comparable to room and board used in     
                                                                                
    previous reports.  Other benefits include transportation, life and health   
                                                                                
    insurance, utilities, etc.                                                  
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                 Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution                
                                                                                
                  by Category, United States, April 9-15 1/ 2/                  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :  April 10-16,  : January 8-14,  :  April 9-15,   
                                                                                
                             :      1994      :      1995      :      1995      
                                                                                
                             :--------------------------------------------------
                             : Number  : Pct  : Number  : Pct  : Number  : Pct  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             :  1,000            1,000            1,000         
                                                                                
                             :                                                  
                                                                                
Benefits 3/                  :                                                  
                                                                                
  Housing                    :                    114      19      124      15  
                                                                                
  Meals                      :                     43       7       48       6  
                                                                                
  Bonus                      :                     74      12       81      10  
                                                                                
  Health Insurance           :                    161      27      188      23  
                                                                                
  Transportation             :                     41       7       55       7  
                                                                                
  Other Benefits             :                    164      27      188      23  
                                                                                
  Wages Only                 :                    277      46      450      55  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Excludes Agricultural Service Workers.                                      
                                                                                
2/  Excludes AK.                                                                
                                                                                
3/  All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category.  
                                                                                
    Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement    
                                                                                
    benefits, etc.                                                              
HDR2012000170050516951500Agricultural Services                                  
                              Agricultural Services                             
                                                                                
Crew leaders and custom crews provided 214,000 workers for the Nation's farms   
and ranches during the week of April 9-15, 1995.  Service workers in California 
numbered 91,000 compared with 75,000 during the April 1994 survey week.         
Florida's number of service workers was 10,000, the same as last year.          
                                                                                
The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and    
Florida were $6.39 and $7.58 per hour, respectively.  Comparable wages in April 
1994 were $6.32 in California and $8.22 in Florida.                             
                                                                                
      Agricultural Service Workers:  Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates,      
                                                                                
                  for California, Florida, and United States 1/                 
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :    Number of Workers    :                       :                       
                                                                                
      :    Working on Farms     :     Hours Worked      :     Wage Rates 3/     
                                                                                
 State:-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :  Apr  :  Jan   :  Apr   :  Apr  :  Jan  :  Apr  :  Apr  :  Jan  :  Apr  
                                                                                
      : 1994  :  1995  :  1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      : -------- 1,000 -------    ----- Hours 2/ -----     Dollars per Hour 2/  
                                                                                
      :                                                                         
                                                                                
CA    :  75.0    54.0     91.0    40.2    31.5    31.9    6.32    6.70    6.39  
                                                                                
FL    :  25.2    13.0     10.0    33.0    37.0    35.0    8.22    6.81    7.58  
                                                                                
      :                                                                         
                                                                                
US    : 240.0   140.0    214.0                                                  
                                                                                
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :                  Method of Pay                  :     Type of Work      
                                                                                
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :         Hourly          :      Piece-Rate       :         Field         
                                                                                
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :  Apr  :  Jan   :  Apr   :  Apr  :  Jan  :  Apr  :  Apr  :  Jan  :  Apr  
                                                                                
      : 1994  :  1995  :  1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995  : 1994  : 1995  : 1995  
                                                                                
      :-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      :                          Dollars per Hours 2/                           
                                                                                
      :                                                                         
                                                                                
CA    :  5.79    6.19     5.83    7.50    6.50    7.50    5.99    6.21    6.02  
                                                                                
FL    :  7.61    6.80     6.70    8.50    6.60    7.75    8.00    6.39    7.02  
                                                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/  Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom          
                                                                                
    service units such as crew leaders or custom crews.  These statistics are   
                                                                                
    not included in the State-Regional tables.                                  
                                                                                
2/  United States data not available.                                           
                                                                                
3/  Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but          
                                                                                
    the values are not included in the wage rates.                              
                                                                                
                               Farm Labor Regions                               
                                                                                
    Region                   States                                             
                                                                                
      Northeast I              CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT.                      
      Northeast II             DE, MD, NJ, PA.                                  
      Appalachian I            NC, VA.                                          
      Appalachian II           KY, TN, WV.                                      
      Southeast                AL, GA, SC.                                      
      Lake                     MI, MN, WI.                                      
      Cornbelt I               IL, IN, OH.                                      
      Cornbelt II              IA, MO.                                          
      Delta                    AR, LA, MS.                                      
      Northern Plains          KS, NE, ND, SD.                                  
      Southern Plains          OK, TX.                                          
      Mountain I               ID, MT, WY.                                      
      Mountain II              CO, NV, UT.                                      
      Mountain III             AZ, NM.                                          
      Pacific                  OR, WA.                                          
                             Farm Labor Definitions                             
                                                                                
The following definitions are provided to assist in interpreting statistics     
published in this report.  To insure consistency in data collection, the        
questionnaires and instruction manual used by the interviewers provide more in- 
depth explanations of these terms.                                              
                                                                                
                                                                                
Farm or Ranch:  Places that sell, or would normally sell, at least $1000 worth  
                of agricultural products during the year.                       
                                                                                
                                                                                
Agricultural Work:  Work done on a farm or ranch in connection with the         
                    production of agricultural products, including nursery and  
greenhouse products and animal specialties such as fur farms or apiaries.  Also 
included is work done off the farm to handle farm related business, such as     
trips to buy feed or deliver products to local market.                          
                                                                                
                                                                                
Self-employed Worker:  A farm or ranch operator or partner who did at least     
                       one hour of unpaid agricultural work on a farm or ranch  
during the survey week.                                                         
                                                                                
                                                                                
Unpaid Worker:  Anyone, other than a self-employed worker, who did at least     
                15 hours of unpaid agricultural work on a farm or ranch during  
the survey week.                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
Hired Worker:  Anyone, other than an agricultural service worker, who was paid  
               for at least one hour of agricultural work on a farm or ranch.   
Worker type is determined by what the employee was primarily hired to do, not   
necessarily what work was done during the survey week.  Type of workers include:
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Field Workers:  Employees engaged in planting, tending and harvesting crops
                     including operation of farm machinery on crop farms.       
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Livestock Workers:  Employees tending livestock, milking cows or caring    
                         for poultry, including operation of farm machinery on  
     livestock or poultry operations.                                           
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Supervisors:  Hired managers, range foremen, crew leaders, etc.            
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Other Workers:  Employees engaged in agricultural work not included in the 
                     other three categories.  Bookkeepers and pilots are        
     examples.                                                                  
                                                                                
Methods of Pay:  Wage rates are calculated based on total wages and hours       
                 worked during the survey week.  Definitions for the            
three categories are:                                                           
                                                                                
                                                                                
                       Farm Labor Definitions - continued                       
                                                                                
     Hourly Wages:   Pay based on hours actually worked.                        
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Piece-rate Wages:  Pay determined by multiplying the units produced (boxes,
                        crates, bales, etc.) by the rate per unit.              
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Other Pay Methods:  All other methods of calculating pay, such as straight 
                         salary, regardless of hours worked.                    
                                                                                
                                                                                
Perquisites:  Benefits, such as a cash bonuses, housing, or meals, provided to  
              an employee in addition to pay are included in perquisites.  Wage 
rates published in this release do not include the value of these benefits.     
                                                                                
                                                                                
Term of Employment:  The length of time during the year the farm operator       
                     expects to employ those workers who were on the payroll    
during the survey week.                                                         
                                                                                
                                                                                
Agricultural Service:  Agricultural work performed on a farm or ranch if the    
                       provider of the service is paid on a contract basis for  
materials, equipment, or labor.                                                 
                                                                                
                                                                                
Type of Farm (or Ranch):  An operation is classified in the farm type which     
                          accounts for the largest portion of the total value   
of sales for its agriculture production.  The three types of farms are:         
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Field Crops:  A farm primarily engaged in the production of: wheat, rice,  
                   corn, soybeans, barley, dry beans, rye, sorghum, cotton,     
     popcorn, tobacco, potatoes, sugar crops, hay, peanuts, hops, mint, or      
     other such crops.                                                          
                                                                                
                                                                                
     Other Crops:  A farm primarily engaged in the production of:  vegetables,  
                   melons, berry crops, grapes, tree nuts, citrus fruits,       
     deciduous tree fruits, avocados, dates, figs, olives, nursery, or          
     greenhouse crops.                                                          
                                                                                
     Livestock or Poultry:  An operation primarily engaged in production of:    
                            cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, milk, chickens, eggs,   
     turkeys, or animal specialties such as furs, fish, honey, etc.             
                                                                                
                                                                                
Gross Value of Sales:  Gross value includes all income during a year from the   
                       sale of crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, or other       
related agricultural products, including the landlord's share.  When commodities
are placed under CCC loan, they are considered as sold.                         
                                                                                
HDR2012000170050516951500Reliability                                            
                       Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates                      
                                                                                
Survey Procedures:  These data were collected by the National Agricultural      
                    Statistics Service during the last two weeks of April       
using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had  
a                                                                               
chance of being selected.                                                       
                                                                                
Two samples of farm operators are selected.  First, NASS maintains a list of    
farms that hire farm workers.  Farms on this list are classified by size and    
type.  Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with      
greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers.  A second sample consists
of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography.  Each June,
highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every
farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries.  The names of farms 
found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not   
found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms
not on the NASS list.  This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling,    
with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list.             
Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and
Florida.  The survey reference week was April 9-15, 1995.                       
                                                                                
                                                                                
Reliability:  Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an 
              estimate based on a sample survey.  Both types affect the         
"precision" of the estimates.                                                   
                                                                                
Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken.  The sampling     
error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible      
samples.  An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances 
are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together 
would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus        
two times the sampling error.  The sampling error expressed as a percent of the 
estimate is called the relative sampling error.  The relative sampling error for
number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 2.2 percent and        
5.1 percent for all hired workers.  The relative sampling error for number of   
hired workers generally ranged between 10 and 20 percent at the regional and    
published State level.  The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative 
sampling error of 1.2 percent.  The relative sampling error was 1.3 percent for 
hourly paid workers and 1.1 percent for the combined field and livestock worker 
wage rate.  Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate    
generally ranged between 2 and 6 percent at the regional and published State    
levels.  Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and  
economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level.    
The relative sampling errors for hired workers benefits ranged between 5 and    
10 percent.                                                                     
                                                                                
Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys. 
They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each        
operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and    
mistakes in coding or processing the data.  Special efforts are taken at each   
step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors.                              
Revision Policy:  Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time   
                  the information is published or the year after the original   
publication date.  The basis for revision must be supported by additional data  
that directly affect the level of the estimate.  Worker numbers and wage rates  
for April 1994 and January 1995 were subject to revision with this report.  No  
revisions were made but previous data are reprinted in this report for your     
information.                                                                    
HDR2012000170050516951500Index                                                  
                                      Index                                     
                                                                                
                                                                          Page  
                                                                                
                                                                                
U.S. Workers on Farms and Wage Rates..................................      3   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S.                                    
  April 1995 .........................................................      4   
  January 1995 .......................................................      7   
  April 1994 .........................................................     10   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S.                                 
  April 1995 .........................................................      5   
  January 1995 .......................................................      8   
  April 1994 .........................................................     11   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S.                                           
  April 1995 .........................................................      5   
  January 1995 .......................................................      8   
  April 1994 .........................................................     11   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages                 
  April 1995 .........................................................     16   
  January 1995 .......................................................     16   
  April 1994 .........................................................     16   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Other Labor Estimates                                                           
  U.S. Distribution of Workers .......................................     15   
  Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............     13   
  Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States...     13   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Farm Labor Region Map ................................................     17   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Farm Labor Definitions ...............................................     18   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates ..................................     20   
                                                                                
                                                                                
Revision Policy ......................................................     20   
Beginning in January 1995, the criteria for publishing livestock, supervisor,   
and other wage rates was changed to a wage rate weight greater than 2 percent   
and a relative sampling error below 10 percent.  Also, worker and wage rate     
indexes were discontinued after the October 1994 publication.  A 1990-92=100 all
hired wage rate index is published in the quarterly Agriculture Prices release  
beginning in 1995.                                                              
                                                                                
                                                                                
The August 15th report will have information for the survey week of July 9-15,  
1995.  The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired Workers,  
Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage Rates for  
16 States along with regional and U.S. level information.  State level          
information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii,         
Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon,    
Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.  The hourly method of 
pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be         
available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level.  The number of  
self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours     
worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional   
and U.S. level.  Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and 
economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level.   
The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates     
(including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for Florida
and California.                                                                 
The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on August 15, 1995.  
                                                                                
                                                                                
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in  
its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age,  
disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status.  Persons with    
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program         
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the          
USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).
                                                                                
To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C.,
20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD).  USDA is an equal
employment opportunity employer.