COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Elder, Beales and Senior Judge Annunziata

AMANDA M. SUTTON

MEMORANDUM OPINION*

v. Record No. 1567-11-3 PER CURIAM

FEBRUARY 7, 2012

SHENANDOAH VALLEY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF STAUNTON

Humes J. Franklin, Jr., Judge

(S. Scott Baker, on brief), for appellant.

(James B. Glick; Paul A. Titus, Guardian ad litem for the minor 

child; Vellines, Cobbs, Goodwin & Glass, P.L.C., on brief), for 

appellee.

Amanda M. Sutton (mother) appeals a decision of the circuit court terminating her parental 

rights to her child, S.C. She contends on appeal that the “trial court erred in finding that the 

Shenandoah Valley Department of Social Services [(SVDSS)] met its burden by clear and 

convincing evidence to terminate [her] residual parental rights.” We disagree with mother and

summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.

BACKGROUND

On appeal, we view the evidence in the “‘light most favorable’ to the prevailing party in 

the circuit court and grant to that party the benefit of ‘all reasonable inferences fairly deducible 

therefrom.’” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 262, 616 S.E.2d 765, 767 

(2005) (quoting Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 

S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991)).

 * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
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SVDSS removed the child in February 2009 and placed him in foster care where he has 

remained. Although the initial goal was to return the child home, SVDSS social worker Allison 

Straw by letter dated July 15, 2010 indicated that mother “has failed to cooperate with services 

and has not demonstrated her ability to provide a safe and stable home for the child.” As a 

result, SVDSS filed a petition on July 22, 2010, requesting termination of mother’s parental

rights.

On May 17, 2011, the trial court conducted a de novo hearing on mother’s appeal of a 

decision by the juvenile and domestic relations district court terminating her residual parental 

rights. A summary of the evidence follows.1

Dr. Gerald Showalter evaluated mother. During the evaluation, mother acknowledged 

giving her child unauthorized prescription drugs. Dr. Showalter diagnosed mother with 

“paranoia schizophrenia, NOS, together with some certain abnormal personality traits, which he 

did not believe would change over time.”

Martha Sheridan, a therapist with Augusta Behavioral Health, met with mother 

thirty-three times from February 2009 until June 2010. Sheridan opined that mother made little, 

if any, progress.

Barbara Finn, a therapist with Augusta Behavioral Health, worked with mother from June 

2010 until March 18, 2011, when mother stopped attending. Finn testified that mother made 

some progress.

Social worker Straw worked with the child and mother, and in February 2009, Straw 

prepared a foster care plan with an initial goal of “Return Home,” which she later changed to 

adoption. Straw explained that mother was referred to Augusta Psychological Associates, but 

 1 The facts are from the trial court’s detailed letter opinion dated June 6, 2011, the 

parties’ signed statement of facts, and the record on appeal.
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she did not succeed in either therapy program and did not follow up with SVDSS. Mother was 

then referred to Dr. Christian, who referred her to Dr. Robertson, but mother was dismissed from

that service for noncompliance. Straw related that mother typically exhibited oppositional traits 

and on several occasions would become extremely agitated, curse at the doctors and staff, and 

throw chairs. Mother was then referred to a fifteen-week parenting class, which she completed 

in January 2010. Mother maintained weekly visits with the child except for June and July of 

2009. Straw testified that mother exhibited poor parenting skills in the visits, and at times 

appeared to be on the verge of crying. At one point, SVDSS allowed mother once-a-month 

unsupervised visitation. However, it later became necessary to return to supervised visitation. 

Straw referred mother to the Department of Rehabilitative Services (DRS) in July 2009 and 

again in September 2009 “to identify the services which were offered,” but mother failed to 

participate. Straw met with mother in July 2010 and emphasized the need for her to obtain and 

maintain employment. Mother worked at Hardees for a short time until she was terminated, and 

she later worked for two days in April 2011, until she was terminated. Although mother 

maintained a regular residence, the environment in the home was unstable due, in part, to her 

tumultuous relationship with her boyfriend, who lived there “off and on.” The relationship 

involved several incidents of physical abuse. Mother acknowledged giving her son sedatives in 

the past to keep him “safe from her boyfriend.” Straw “testified that the overall situation was a 

non-cooperative one and that between the ages of four and six years old, the child has been in 

foster care for over one-third of his life.” Mother’s failure to successfully address the issues and 

show improvement after being provided numerous services for an extended period of time 

caused SVDSS to change the goal to adoption.
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Mother testified and acknowledged missing some appointments, but stated that her 

boyfriend had changed and “they were learning how to cope.” She said she was currently 

unemployed, but was looking for work.

After considering all of the evidence, the trial court found that SVDSS proved by clear and 

convincing evidence that without good cause, mother has been unwilling or unable within a 

reasonable period of time to remedy substantially the conditions that brought the child into foster 

care, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts and resources provided by SVDSS, and 

it is in the best interests of the child that mother’s residual parental rights be terminated.

DISCUSSION

Mother’s counsel endorsed the court’s July 15, 2011 order “SEEN AND OBJECTED 

TO:” and did not particularize any basis for her objection. In lieu of a transcript, the parties 

submitted an agreed written statement of facts pursuant to Rule 5A:8(c). The statement of facts

did not recite mother’s arguments, if any, or any objections she made to the trial court’s rulings. 

Rule 5A:18 provides that “[n]o ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis 

for reversal unless an objection was stated together with reasonable certainty at the time of the 

ruling, except for good cause shown or to enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of 

justice.” 

The purpose of the rule is to allow the trial court to cure any error 

called to its attention, thereby avoiding unnecessary appeals and 

retrials. See, e.g., Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 514, 404 S.E.2d 

736, 737 (1991) (en banc). Ordinarily, endorsement of an order 

“Seen and objected to” is not specific enough to meet the 

requirements of Rule 5A:18 because it does not sufficiently alert 

the trial court to the claimed error. See id. at 515, 404 S.E.2d at 

738. Such an endorsement is sufficient to satisfy Rule 5A:18 only 

if “the ruling made by the trial court was narrow enough to make

obvious the basis of appellant’s objection.” Mackie v. Hill, 16 

Va. App. 229, 231, 429 S.E.2d 37, 38 (1993).

Herring v. Herring, 33 Va. App. 281, 286, 532 S.E.2d 923, 927 (2000).
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Notwithstanding mother’s failure to specify a basis for her challenge to the trial court’s 

decision, we recognize that “‘[t]he termination of [residual] parental rights is a grave, drastic and 

irreversible action,’” Helen W. v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 12 Va. App. 877, 883, 

407 S.E.2d 25, 28-29 (1991) (quoting Lowe v. Dept. of Pub. Welfare, 231 Va. 277, 280, 343 

S.E.2d 70, 72 (1986)), and therefore consider whether there exists a principled basis for 

suspending Rule 5A:18 under the good cause or ends-of-justice exceptions.

“When addressing matters concerning a child, including the termination of a parent’s 

residual parental rights, the paramount consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.” 

Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463. Where the trial judge hears the evidence ore 

tenus, his decision is entitled to great weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly 

wrong or without evidence to support it. See Lowe, 231 Va. at 282, 343 S.E.2d at 73.

A termination of parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) requires the trial court 

to find by clear and convincing evidence that termination was in the child’s best interests and

[t]he parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or 

unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve 

months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy 

substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation 

of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the 

reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health 

or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.

In determining what is in the best interests of a child,

a court must evaluate and consider many factors, including the age 

and physical and mental condition of the child or children; the age 

and physical and mental condition of the parents; the relationship 

existing between each parent and each child; the needs of the child 

or children; the role which each parent has played, and will play in 

the future, in the upbringing and care of the child or children; and 

such other factors as are necessary in determining the best interests 

of the child or children.

Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191 (1986).
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Despite the weighty significance of termination, “[i]t is clearly not in the best interests of 

a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be 

capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County Dep’t of Soc. 

Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990).

Decisions to terminate parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)

hinge not so much on the magnitude of the problem that created 

the original danger to the child, but on the demonstrated failure of 

the parent to make reasonable changes. Considerably more 

“retrospective in nature,” subsection C requires the court to 

determine whether the parent has been unwilling or unable to 

remedy the problems during the period in which he [or she] has 

been offered rehabilitation services.

Toms, 46 Va. App. at 271, 616 S.E.2d at 772 (citation omitted).

“In order to avail oneself of the [good cause or ends of justice] exception [to Rule 

5A:18], a [litigant] must affirmatively show that a miscarriage of justice has occurred, not that a 

miscarriage might have occurred.” Redman v. Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 215, 221, 487 

S.E.2d 269, 272 (1997) (emphasis added). Here, the record falls far short of affirmatively 

demonstrating a miscarriage of justice. Code § 16.1-283 provides for the termination of parental 

rights when parents are “unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 

twelve months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the 

conditions which led to or required continuation of the child’s foster care placement . . . .” Code 

§ 16.1-283(C)(2) (emphasis added).

The child was removed in February 2009 and remained in foster care continuously while 

SVDSS provided services to mother. By the time of the May 2011 hearing, the child had been in 

foster care for over two years. The evidence showed that mother suffered from abnormal 

personality traits that would not change over time, and from February 2009 until June 2010, 

although mother met with a therapist numerous times, she made little, if any, progress. Mother 
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exhibited poor parenting skills during supervised visitations, at times appearing emotionally 

distraught. In addition, mother was dismissed from psychological treatment for noncompliance 

and poor behavior, and she failed to participate in DRS services despite two referrals in 2009. 

Furthermore, mother failed to maintain steady employment, and despite having a regular 

residence, the environment was unstable due to mother’s volatile relationship with her boyfriend.

The record supports the circuit court’s findings that SVDSS offered reasonable services, 

that mother failed to timely remedy the conditions that led to the removal of the child, that clear 

and convincing evidence proved mother’s parental rights should be terminated pursuant to Code 

§ 16.1-283(C)(2), and that the termination of her parental rights was in the child’s best interests.

Accordingly, we summarily affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Affirmed.