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Subpart L—Fluorinated Gas Production 1 

This redline strikeout document represents the combined changes proposed to the subpart L regulatory text in two 

proposed actions: 

•	 Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program: Proposed Amendments and Confidentiality Determinations 

for Fluorinated Gas Production, signed by the EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy on November 7, 

2013. 

•	 Revisions to Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements, and Proposed Confidentiality 

Determinations under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (Proposed Inputs rule) [78 FR 

55994; September 11, 2013] 

§ 98.120 Definition of the source category. 

(a) The fluorinated gas production source category consists of processes that produce a fluorinated gas from any raw 

material or feedstock chemical, except for processes that generate HFC-–23 during the production of HCFC-–22. 

(b) To produce a fluorinated gas means to manufacture a fluorinated gas from any raw material or feedstock 

chemical. Producing a fluorinated gas includes producing a fluorinated GHG as defined at §98.410(b). Producing a 

fluorinated gas also includes the manufacture of a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) or hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) from 

any raw material or feedstock chemical, including manufacture of a CFC or HCFC as an isolated intermediate for use 

in a process that will result in the transformation of the CFC or HCFC either at or outside of the production facility. 

Producing a fluorinated gas does not include the reuse or recycling of a fluorinated gas, the creation of HFC–23 

during the production of HCFC–22, the creation of intermediates that are created and transformed in a single process 

with no storage of the intermediates, or the creation of fluorinated GHGs that are released or destroyed at the 

production facility before the production measurement in §98.414(a). 

§ 98.121 Reporting threshold. 

You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains a fluorinated gas production process that 

generates or emits fluorinated GHG and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (a)(2). To 

calculate GHG emissions for comparison to the 25,000 metric ton CO2e per year emission threshold in §98.2(a)(2), 

calculate process emissions from fluorinated gas production using uncontrolled GHG emissions. 

§ 98.122 GHGs to report 

(a) You must report CO2, CH4, and N2O combustion emissions from each stationary combustion unit. You must 

calculate and report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) by 

following the requirements of subpart C. 

(b) You must report under subpart O of this part (HCFC–22 Production and HFC–23 Destruction) the emissions of 

HFC–23 from HCFC–22 production processes and HFC–23 destruction processes. Do not report the generation and 

emissions of HFC–23 from HCFC–22 production under this subpart. 

(c) Process level. You must report the total mass of , for each fluorinated GHG group, the total GWP-weighted mass 

of all fluorinated GHGs in that group (in metric tons CO2e) emitted from: 

(1) Each fluorinated gas production process and all fluorinated gas production processes combined. 

Revisions made to subpart L as a result of the proposed Revisions to Reporting and Recordkeeping 

Requirements, and Proposed Confidentiality Determinations under the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (Inputs 

Rule) are included in this file. The Inputs Rule revisions are highlighted in yellow. 

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(2) Each fluorinated gas transformation process that is not part of a fluorinated gas production process and where no 

fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at another facility. all such fluorinated gas transformation processes combined, 

except report separately fluorinated GHG emissions from transformation processes where a fluorinated GHG reactant 

is produced at another facility. 

(3) Each fluorinated gas transformation process that is not part of a fluorinated gas production process and where 

one or more fluorinated GHG reactants are produced at another facility. 

(d) Facility level, multiple products. If your facility produces more than one fluorinated gas product, you must report 

the emissions (in metric tons) for the facility as a whole of each fluorinated GHG that is emitted from the facility as a 

whole in quantities of 1,000 metric tons of CO2e or more. Aggregate and report emissions of all other fluorinated 

GHGs by fluorinated GHG group for the facility as a whole, in metric tons of CO2e. 

(e) Facility level, one product only. If your facility produces only one fluorinated gas product, aggregate and report 

the GWP-weighted emissions of fluorinated GHGs by fluorinated GHG group for the facility as a whole, in metric tons 

CO2e, with the following exception: Where emissions consist of a major fluorinated GHG constituent of a fluorinated 

gas product, and the product is sold or transferred to another person, report the total mass of each fluorinated GHG 

emitted that is a major fluorinated GHG constituent of the product (in metric tons). 

(f) You must report the total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted (in metric tons) from: 

(31) Each fluorinated gas destruction process that is not part of a fluorinated gas production process or a fluorinated 

gas transformation process and all such fluorinated gas destruction processes combined. 

(42) Venting of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers returned from the field. 

§ 98.123 Calculating GHG emissions. 

For fluorinated gas production and transformation processes, you must calculate the fluorinated GHG emissions from 

each process using either the mass balance method specified in paragraph (b) of this section, or the emission factor 

or emission calculation factor method specified in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section, as appropriate. For 

destruction processes that destroy fluorinated GHGs that were previously “produced” as defined at §98.410(b), you 

must calculate emissions using the procedures in paragraph (f) of this section. For venting of residual gas from 

containers (e.g., cylinder heels), you must calculate emissions using the procedures in paragraph (g) of this section. 

(a) Default GWP value. For fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, 

use the default GWP provided for the fluorinated GHG group of which the GHG is a member in Table L-1 of this 

subpart in your calculations under In paragraphs (b)(1) and (c)(1) of this section and ,in §98.124(b)(8) and (c)(2), and 

if you used the mass-balance method to calculate emissions from the process for reporting years 2011, 2012, 2013, 

or 2014, use a GWP of 2,000 for fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this 

part, except as provided in paragraph §98.123(c)(1)(vi). Do not report CO2e emissions under §98.3(c)(4) for 

fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part. 

(b) Mass balance method. The mass balance method was available for reporting years 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 only. It 

may be found at 75 FR 74774, 74832-74837 (December 1, 2010). Before using the mass balance approach to estimate 

your fluorinated GHG emissions from a process, you must ensure that the process and the equipment and methods 

used to measure it meet either the error limits described in this paragraph and calculated under paragraph (b)(1) of 

this section or the requirements specified in paragraph §98.124(b)(8). If you choose to calculate the error limits, you 

must estimate the absolute and relative errors associated with using the mass balance approach on that process 

using Equations L–1 through L–4 of this section in conjunction with Equations L–5 through L–10 of this section. You 

may use the mass-balance approach to estimate emissions from the process if this calculation results in an absolute 

error of less than or equal to 3,000 metric tons CO2e per year or a relative error of less than or equal to 30 percent of 

the estimated CO2e fluorinated GHG emissions. If you do not meet either of the error limits or the requirements of 

paragraph §98.124(b)(8), you must use the emission factor approach detailed in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this 

section to estimate emissions from the process. 

(1) Error calculation. To perform the calculation, you must first calculate the absolute and relative errors associated 

with the quantities calculated using either Equations L–7 through L–10 of this section or Equation L–17 of this 

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section. Alternatively, you may estimate these errors based on the variability of previous process measurements 

(e.g., the variability of measurements of stream concentrations), provided these measurements are representative of 

the current process and current measurement devices and techniques. Once errors have been calculated for the 

quantities in these equations, those errors must be used to calculate the errors in Equations L–6 and L–5 of this 

section. You may ignore the errors associated with Equations L–11, L–12, and L–13 of this section. 

(i) Where the measured quantity is a mass, the error in the mass must be equated to the accuracy or precision 

(whichever is larger) of the flowmeter, scale, or combination of volumetric and density measurements at the flow rate 

or mass measured. 

(ii) Where the measured quantity is a concentration of a stream component, the error of the concentration must be 

equated to the accuracy or precision (whichever is larger) with which you estimate the mean concentration of that 

stream component, accounting for the variability of the process, the frequency of the measurements, and the 

accuracy or precision (whichever is larger) of the analytical technique used to measure the concentration at the 

concentration measured. If the variability of process measurements is used to estimate the error, this variability shall 

be assumed to account both for the variability of the process and the precision of the analytical technique. Use 

standard statistical techniques such as the student's t distribution to estimate the error of the mean of the 

concentration measurements as a function of process variability and frequency of measurement. 

(iii) Equation L–1 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the absolute errors of sums and 

differences where the sum, S, is the summation of variables measured, a, b, c, etc. (e.g., S = a + b + c): 

Where:
 

eSA= Absolute error of the sum, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval.
 

ea= Relative error of a, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval.
 

eb= Relative error of b, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval.
 

ec= Relative error of c, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval.
 

(iv) Equation L–2 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the relative errors of sums and 

differences: 

Where:
 

eSR= Relative error of the sum, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval.
 

eSA= Absolute error of the sum, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval.
 

a+b+c = Sum of the variables measured.
 

(v) Equation L–3 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the absolute errors of products (e.g., flow 

rates of GHGs calculated as the product of the flow rate of the stream and the concentration of the GHG in the 

stream), where the product, P, is the result of multiplying the variables measured, a, b, c, etc. (e.g., P = a*b*c): 

Where: 

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ePA= Absolute error of the product, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval. 

ea= Relative error of a, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval. 

eb= Relative error of b, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval. 

ec= Relative error of c, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval. 

(vi) Equation L–4 of this section provides the general formula for calculating the relative errors of products: 

Where: 

ePR= Relative error of the product, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval. 

ePA= Absolute error of the product, expressed as one half of a 95 percent confidence interval. 

a*b*c = Product of the variables measured. 

(vii) Calculate the absolute error of the emissions estimate in terms of CO2e by performing a preliminary estimate of 

the annual CO2e emissions of the process using the method in paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section. Multiply this result 

by the relative error calculated for the mass of fluorine emitted from the process in Equation L–6 of this section. 

(viii) To estimate the annual CO2e emissions of the process for use in the error estimate, apply the methods set forth 

in paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(7) and (b)(9) through (b)(16) of this section to representative process measurements. 

If these process measurements represent less than one year of typical process activity, adjust the estimated 

emissions to account for one year of typical process activity. To estimate the terms FERd, FEP, and FEBkfor use in 

the error estimate for Equations L–11, L–12, and L–13 of this section, you must either use emission testing, 

monitoring of emitted streams, and/or engineering calculations or assessments, or in the alternative assume that all 

fluorine is emitted in the form of the fluorinated GHG that has the highest GWP among the fluorinated GHGs that 

occur in more than trace concentrations in the process. To convert the fluorinated GHG emissions to CO2e, use 

Equation A–1 of §98.2. For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, use a 

default GWP of 2,000. 

(2) The total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted annually from each fluorinated gas production and each 

fluorinated GHG transformation process must be estimated by using Equation L–5 of this section. 

Where: 

EFGHGf= Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted annually from production or transformation process i (metric 

tons). 

ERp-FGHGf= Total mass of fluorinated GHG reactant f emitted from production process i over the period p (metric 

tons, calculated in Equation L–11 of this section). 

EPp-FGHGf= Total mass of the fluorinated GHG product f emitted from production process i over the period p (metric 

tons, calculated in Equation L–12 of this section). 

EBp-FGHGf= Total mass of fluorinated GHG by-product f emitted from production process i over the period p (metric 

tons, calculated in Equation L–13 of this section). 

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n = Number of concentration and flow measurement periods for the year. 

(3) The total mass of fluorine emitted from process i over the period p must be estimated at least monthly by 

calculating the difference between the total mass of fluorine in the reactant(s) (or inputs, for processes that do not 

involve a chemical reaction) and the total mass of fluorine in the product (or outputs, for processes that do not involve 

a chemical reaction), accounting for the total mass of fluorine in any destroyed or recaptured streams that contain 

reactants, products, or by-products (or inputs or outputs). This calculation must be performed using Equation L–6 of 

this section. An element other than fluorine may be used in the mass-balance equation, provided the element occurs 

in all of the fluorinated GHGs fed into or generated by the process. In this case, the mass fractions of the element in 

the reactants, products, and by-products must be calculated as appropriate for that element. 

Where:
 

EF= Total mass of fluorine emitted from process i over the period p (metric tons).
 

Rd= Total mass of the fluorine-containing reactant d that is fed into process i over the period p (metric tons).
 

P = Total mass of the fluorine-containing product produced by process i over the period p (metric tons).
 

MFFRd= Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in Equation L–14 of this section.
 

MFFP= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated in Equation L–15 of this section.
 

FD= Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams from process i containing fluorine-containing reactants,
 

products, and by-products over the period p, calculated in Equation L–7 of this section.
 

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
 

(4) The mass of total fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams containing fluorine-containing reactants, products, 

and by-products must be estimated at least monthly using Equation L–7 of this section unless you use the alternative 

approach provided in paragraph (b)(15) of this section. 

Where:
 

FD= Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams from process i containing fluorine-containing reactants,
 

products, and by-products over the period p.
 

Pj= Mass of the fluorine-containing product removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p
 

(calculated in Equation L–8 or L–9 of this section).
 

Bkj= Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p
 

(calculated in Equation L–8 or L–9 of this section).
 

Bkl= Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p.
 

Rdj= Mass of fluorine-containing reactant d removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p 

(calculated in Equation L–8 or L–9 of this section). 

MFFRd= Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in Equation L–14 of this section. 

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MFFP= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated in Equation L–15 of this section. 

MFFBk= Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculated in Equation L–16 of this section.
 

q = Number of streams destroyed in process i.
 

x = Number of streams recaptured in process i.
 

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.
 

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
 

(5) The mass of each fluorinated GHG removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p (i.e., Pj, 

Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable) must be estimated by applying the destruction efficiency (DE) of the device that has been 

demonstrated for the fluorinated GHG f to fluorinated GHG f using Equation L–8 of this section: 

Where: 

MFGHGfj= Mass of fluorinated GHG f removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p. (This may be
 

Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable.)
 

DEFGHGf= Destruction efficiency of the device that has been demonstrated for fluorinated GHG f in stream j (fraction).
 

CFGHGfj= Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorinated GHG f in stream j removed from process i and fed into the
 

destruction device over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cF–GHGfjis equal to zero. 

Sj= Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the destruction device over the period p (metric tons). 

(6) The mass of each fluorine-containing compound that is not a fluorinated GHG and that is removed from process i 

in stream j and destroyed over the period p (i.e., Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable) must be estimated using Equation L–9 

of this section. 

Where: 

MFCgj= Mass of non-GHG fluorine-containing compound g removed from process i in stream j and destroyed over the 

period p. (This may be Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable). 

cFCgj= Concentration (mass fraction) of non-GHG fluorine-containing compound g in stream j removed from process i 

and fed into the destruction device over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cFCgjis equal to 

zero. 

Sj= Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the destruction device over the period p (metric tons). 

(7) The mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p 

must be estimated using Equation L–10 of this section: 

Where: 

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Bkl= Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p 

(metric tons). 

cBkl= Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorine-containing by-product k in stream l removed from process i and 

recaptured over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cBklis equal to zero. 

Sl= Mass removed in stream l from process i and recaptured over the period p (metric tons). 

(8) To estimate the terms FERd, FEP, and FEBkfor Equations L–11, L–12, and L–13 of this section, you must assume 

that the total mass of fluorine emitted, EF, estimated in Equation L–6 of this section, occurs in the form of the 

fluorinated GHG that has the highest GWP among the fluorinated GHGs that occur in more than trace concentrations 

in the process unless you possess emission characterization measurements showing otherwise. These emission 

characterization measurements must meet the requirements in paragraph (8)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section, as 

appropriate. The sum of the terms must equal 1. You must document the data and calculations that are used to 

speciate individual compounds and to estimate FERd, FEP, and FEBk. Exclude from your calculations the fluorine 

included in FD. For example, exclude fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs and that result 

from the destruction of fluorinated GHGs by any destruction devices (e.g., the mass of HF created by combustion of 

an HFC). However, include emissions of fluorinated GHGs that survive the destruction process. 

(i) If the calculations under paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section, or any subsequent measurements and calculations 

under this subpart, indicate that the process emits 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more, estimate the emissions from 

each process vent, considering controls, using the methods in §98.123(c)(1). You must characterize the emissions of 

any process vent that emits 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more as specified in §98.124(b)(4). 

(ii) For other vents, including vents from processes that emit less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e, you must 

characterize emissions as specified in §98.124(b)(5). 

(iii) For fluorine emissions that are not accounted for by vent estimates, you must characterize emissions as specified 

in §98.124(b)(6). 

(9) The total mass of fluorine-containing reactant d emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total 

fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing reactants using Equation L–11 of this section. If 

the fluorine-containing reactant d is a non-GHG, you may assume that FERdis zero. 

Where:
 

ER-ip= Total mass of fluorine-containing reactant d that is emitted from process i over the period p (metric tons).
 

FERd= The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-containing reactant d.
 

EF= Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over the period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L–6 of this
 

section.
 

FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-containing product.
 

FEBk= The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of fluorine-containing by-product k.
 

MFFRd= Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in Equation L–14 of this section. 

MFFP= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated in Equation L–15 of this section. 

MFFBk= Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculation in Equation L–16 of this section. 

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u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i. 

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i. 

(10) The total mass of fluorine-containing product emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total 

fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing products using Equation L–12 of this section. If 

the fluorine-containing product is a non-GHG, you may assume that FEP is zero. 

Where:
 

EP-ip= Total mass of fluorine-containing product emitted from process i over the period p (metric tons).
 

FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-containing product.
 

EF= Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over the period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L–6 of this
 

section.
 

FERd= The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of fluorine-containing reactant d.
 

FEBk= The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of fluorine-containing by-product k.
 

MFFRd= Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in Equation L–14 of this section.
 

MFFP= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated in Equation L–15 of this section.
 

MFFBk= Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculation in Equation L–16 of this section.
 

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.
 

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
 

(11) The total mass of fluorine-containing by-product k emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total 

fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing by-products using Equation L–13 of this section. If 

fluorine-containing by-product k is a non-GHG, you may assume that FEBkis zero. 

Where:
 

EBk-ip= Total mass of fluorine-containing by-product k emitted from process i over the period p (metric tons).
 

FEBk= The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of fluorine-containing by-product k.
 

FERd= The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of fluorine-containing reactant d.
 

FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-containing product.
 

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EF= Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over the period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L–6 of this 

section. 

MFFRd= Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in Equation L–14 of this section.
 

MFFP= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated in Equation L–15 of this section.
 

MFFBk= Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculation in Equation L–16 of this section.
 

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in process i.
 

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into process i.
 

(12) The mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d must be estimated using Equation L–14 of this section: 

Where:
 

MFFRd= Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d (fraction).
 

MFRd= Moles fluorine per mole of reactant d.
 

AWF= Atomic weight of fluorine.
 

MWRd= Molecular weight of reactant d.
 

(13) The mass fraction of fluorine in the product must be estimated using Equation L–15 of this section: 

Where:
 

MFFP= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product (fraction).
 

MFP= Moles fluorine per mole of product.
 

AWF= Atomic weight of fluorine.
 

MWP= Molecular weight of the product produced.
 

(14) The mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k must be estimated using Equation L–16 of this section: 

Where: 

MFFBk= Mass fraction of fluorine in the product (fraction). 

MFBk= Moles fluorine per mole of by-product k. 

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AWF= Atomic weight of fluorine. 

MWBk= Molecular weight of by-product k. 

(15) Alternative for determining the mass of fluorine destroyed or recaptured. As an alternative to using Equation L–7 

of this section as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, you may estimate at least monthly the total mass of 

fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams containing fluorine-containing compounds (including all fluorinecontaining reactants, products, and byproducts) using Equation L–17 of this section. 

Where: 

FD= Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams from process i containing fluorine-containing reactants,
 

products, and by-products over the period p.
 

DEavgj= Weighted average destruction efficiency of the destruction device for the fluorine-containing compounds
 

identified in destroyed stream j under §98.124(b)(4)(ii) and (5)(ii) (calculated in Equation L–18 of this 

section)(fraction).
 

cTFj= Concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in stream j removed from process i and fed into the destruction
 

device over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cTFjis equal to zero.
 

Sj= Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the destruction device over the period p (metric tons). 

cTFl= Concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in stream l removed from process i and recaptured over the period 

p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cBklis equal to zero.
 

Sl= Mass removed in stream l from process i and recaptured over the period p.
 

q = Number of streams destroyed in process i.
 

x = Number of streams recaptured in process i.
 

(16) Weighted average destruction efficiency. For purposes of Equation L–17 of this section, calculate the weighted 

average destruction efficiency applicable to a destroyed stream using Equation L–18 of this section. 

Where: 

DEavgj= Weighted average destruction efficiency of the destruction device for the fluorine-containing compounds
 

identified in destroyed stream j under 98.124(b)(4)(ii) or (b)(5)(ii), as appropriate.
 

DEFGHGf= Destruction efficiency of the device that has been demonstrated for fluorinated GHG f in stream j (fraction).
 

cFGHGfj= Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorinated GHG f in stream j removed from process i and fed into the
 

destruction device over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cF–GHGfjis equal to zero. 

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cFCgj= Concentration (mass fraction) of non-GHG fluorine-containing compound g in stream j removed from process i 

and fed into the destruction device over the period p. If this concentration is only a trace concentration, cFCgjis equal to 

zero. 

Sj= Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into the destruction device over the period p (metric tons). 

MFFFGHGf= Mass fraction of fluorine in fluorinated GHG f, calculated in Equation L–14, L–15, or L–16 of this section, 

as appropriate. 

MFFFCg= Mass fraction of fluorine in non-GHG fluorine-containing compound g, calculated in Equation L–14, L–15, or 

L–16 of this section, as appropriate. 

w = Number of fluorinated GHGs in destroyed stream j. 

y = Number of non-GHG fluorine-containing compounds in destroyed stream j. 

(c) Emission factor and emission calculation factor methods. To use the method in this paragraph for batch 

processes, you must comply with either paragraph (c)(3) of this section (Emission Factor approach) or paragraph 

(c)(4) of this section (Emission Calculation Factor approach). To use the method in this paragraph for continuous 

processes, you must first make a preliminary estimate of the emissions from each individual continuous process vent 

under paragraph (c)(1) of this section. If your continuous process operates under different conditions as part of 

normal operations, you must also define the different operating scenarios and make a preliminary estimate of the 

emissions from the vent for each operating scenario. Then, compare the preliminary estimate for each continuous 

process vent (summed across operating scenarios) to the criteria in paragraph (c)(2) of this section to determine 

whether the process vent meets the criteria for using the emission factor method described in paragraph (c)(3) of this 

section or whether the process vent meets the criteria for using the emission calculation factor method described in 

paragraph (c)(4) of this section. For continuous process vents that meet the criteria for using the emission factor 

method described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section and that have more than one operating scenario, compare the 

preliminary estimate for each operating scenario to the criteria in (c)(3)(ii) to determine whether an emission factor 

must be developed for that operating scenario. 

(1) Preliminary estimate of emissions by process vent. You must estimate the annual CO2e emissions of fluorinated 

GHGs for each process vent within each operating scenario of a continuous process using the approaches specified 

in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (c)(1)(ii) of this section, accounting for any destruction as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of 

this section. You must determine emissions of fluorinated GHGs by process vent by using measurements, by using 

calculations based on chemical engineering principles and chemical property data, or by conducting an engineering 

assessment. You may use previous measurements, calculations, and assessments if they represent current process 

operating conditions or process operating conditions that would result in higher fluorinated GHG emissions than the 

current operating conditions and if they were performed in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), and 

(c)(1)(iii) of this section, as applicable. You must document all data, assumptions, and procedures used in the 

calculations or engineering assessment and keep a record of the emissions determination as required by §98.127(a). 

(i) Engineering calculations. For process vent emission calculations, you may use any of paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A), 

(c)(1)(i)(B), or (c)(1)(i)(C) of this section. 

(A) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Volume II: Chapter 16, 

Methods for Estimating Air Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing Facilities, August 2007, Final (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7). 

(B) You may determine the fluorinated GHG emissions from any process vent within the process using the 

procedures specified in §63.1257(d)(2)(i) and (d)(3)(i)(B) of this chapter, except as specified in paragraphs 

(c)(1)(i)(B)( 1 ) through (c)(1)(i)(B)( 4 ) of this section. For the purposes of this subpart, use of the term “HAP” in 

§63.1257(d)(2)(i) and (d)(3)(i)(B) of this chapter means “fluorinated GHG”. 

( 1 ) To calculate emissions caused by the heating of a vessel without a process condenser to a temperature lower 

than the boiling point, you must use the procedures in §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(C)( 3 ) of this chapter. 

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( 2 ) To calculate emissions from depressurization of a vessel without a process condenser, you must use the 

procedures in §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(D)( 10 ) of this chapter. 

( 3 ) To calculate emissions from vacuum systems, the terms used in Equation 33 to §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(E) of this 

chapter are defined as follows: 

( i ) Psystem= Absolute pressure of the receiving vessel. 

( ii ) Pi= Partial pressure of the fluorinated GHG determined at the exit temperature and exit pressure conditions of the 

condenser or at the conditions of the dedicated receiver. 

( iii ) Pj= Partial pressure of condensables (including fluorinated GHG) determined at the exit temperature and exit 

pressure conditions of the condenser or at the conditions of the dedicated receiver. 

( iv ) MWFluorinated GHG= Molecular weight of the fluorinated GHG determined at the exit temperature and exit pressure 

conditions of the condenser or at the conditions of the dedicated receiver. 

( 4 ) To calculate emissions when a vessel is equipped with a process condenser or a control condenser, you must 

use the procedures in §63.1257(d)(3)(i)(B) of this chapter, except as follows: 

( i ) You must determine the flowrate of gas (or volume of gas), partial pressures of condensables, temperature (T), 

and fluorinated GHG molecular weight (MWFluorinated GHG) at the exit temperature and exit pressure conditions of the 

condenser or at the conditions of the dedicated receiver. 

( ii ) You must assume that all of the components contained in the condenser exit vent stream are in equilibrium with 

the same components in the exit condensate stream (except for noncondensables). 

( iii ) You must perform a material balance for each component, if the condensate receiver composition is not known. 

( iv ) For the emissions from gas evolution, the term for time, t, must be used in Equation 12 to §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(B) of 

this chapter. 

( v ) Emissions from empty vessel purging must be calculated using Equation 36 to §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(H) of this 

chapter and the exit temperature and exit pressure conditions of the condenser or the conditions of the dedicated 

receiver. 

(C) Commercial software products that follow chemical engineering principles (e.g., including the calculation 

methodologies in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) and (c)(1)(i)(B) of this section). 

(ii) Engineering assessments. For process vent emissions determinations, you may conduct an engineering 

assessment to calculate uncontrolled emissions. An engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the 

following: 

(A) Previous test results, provided the tests are representative of current operating practices of the process. 

(B) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the process operating conditions. 

(C) Maximum flow rate, fluorinated GHG emission rate, concentration, or other relevant parameters specified or 

implied within a permit limit applicable to the process vent. 

(D) Design analysis based on chemical engineering principles, measureable process parameters, or physical or 

chemical laws or properties. 

(iii) Impact of destruction for the preliminary estimate. If the process vent is vented to a destruction device, you may 

reflect the impact of the destruction device on emissions. In your emissions estimate, account for the following: 

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(A) The destruction efficiencies of the device that have been demonstrated for the fluorinated GHGs in the vent 

stream for periods when the process vent is vented to the destruction device. 

(B) Any periods when the process vent is not vented to the destruction device. 

(iv) Use of typical recent values. In the calculations in paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), and (c)(1)(iii) of this section, the 

values used for the expected process activity and for the expected fraction of that activity whose emissions will be 

vented to the properly functioning destruction device must be based on either typical recent values for the process or 

values that would overestimate emissions from the process, unless there is a compelling reason to adopt a different 

value (e.g., installation of a destruction device for a previously uncontrolled process). If there is such a reason, it must 

be documented in the GHG Monitoring Plan. 

(v) GWPs. To convert the fluorinated GHG emissions to CO2e, use Equation A–1 of §98.2. For fluorinated GHGs 

whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, use a default GWP of 2,000 unless you submit a 

request to use other GWPs for those fluorinated GHGs in that process under paragraph (c)(1)(vi) of this section and 

we approve that request. 

(vi) [Reserved] Request to use a GWP other than 2,000 for fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A– 

1 to subpart A of this part. If your process vent emits one or more fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in 

Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, that are emitted in quantities that, with a default GWP of 2,000, result in total 

calculated annual emissions equal to or greater than 10,000 metric tons CO2e for the vent, and that you believe have 

GWPs that would result in total calculated annual emissions less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e for the vent, you may 

submit a request to use provisional GWPs for these fluorinated GHGs for purposes of the calculations in paragraph 

(c)(1) of this section. The request must be submitted by February 28, 2011 for a completeness determination and 

review by EPA. 

(A) Contents of the request. You must include the following information in the request for each fluorinated GHG that 

does not have a GWP listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part and that constitutes more than one percent by 

mass of the stream emitted from the vent: 

( 1 ) The identity of the fluorinated GHG, including its chemical formula and, if available, CAS number. 

( 2 ) The estimated GWP of the fluorinated GHG. 

( 3 ) The data and analysis that supports your estimate of the GWP of the fluorinated GHG, including: 

( i ) Data and analysis related to the low-pressure gas phase infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorinated GHG. 

( ii ) Data and analysis related to the estimated atmospheric lifetime of the fluorinated GHG (reaction mechanisms 

and rates, including e.g., photolysis and reaction with atmospheric components such as OH, O3,CO, and water). 

( iii ) The radiative transfer analysis that integrates the lifetime and infrared absorption spectrum data to calculate the 

GWP. 

( iv ) Any published or unpublished studies of the GWP of the gas. 

( 4 ) The engineering calculations or assessments and underlying data that demonstrate that the process vent is 

calculated to emit less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e of this and other fluorinated GHGs only when the proposed 

provisional GWPs, not the default GWP of 2,000, are used for fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table 

A–1 to subpart A of this part. 

(B) Review and completeness determination by EPA. If EPA makes a preliminary determination that the request is 

complete, that it substantiates each of the provisional GWPs, and that it demonstrates that the process vent is 

calculated to emit less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e of this and other fluorinated GHGs only when the provisional 

GWPs, not the default GWP of 2,000, are used for fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to 

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subpart A of this part, then EPA will publish a notice including the data and analysis submitted under paragraphs 

(c)(1)(vi)(A)(1) through (c)(1)(vi)(A)(3) of this section. If, after review of public comment on the notice, EPA finalizes its 

preliminary determination, then EPA will permit the facility to use the provisional GWPs for the calculations in 

paragraph (c)(1) of this section unless and until EPA determines that one or more of the provisional GWPs is in error 

and provides reasonable notice to the facility. 

(2) Method selection for continuous process vents. 

(i) If the calculations under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, as well as any subsequent measurements and 

calculations under this subpart, indicate that the continuous process vent has fluorinated GHG emissions of less than 

10,000 metric ton CO2e per year, summed across all operating scenarios, then you may comply with either paragraph 

(c)(3) of this section (Emission Factor approach) or paragraph (c)(4) of this section (Emission Calculation Factor 

approach). 

(ii) If the continuous process vent does not meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, then you must 

comply with the emission factor method specified in paragraph (c)(3) (Emission Factor approach) of this section. 

(A) You must conduct emission testing for process-vent-specific emission factor development before the destruction 

device unless the calculations you performed under paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section indicate that the uncontrolled 

fluorinated GHG emissions that occur during periods when the process vent is not vented to the properly functioning 

destruction device are less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e per year. In this case, you may conduct emission testing 

after the destruction device to develop a process-vent-specific emission factor. If you do so, you must develop and 

apply an emission calculation factor under paragraph (c)(4) to estimate emissions during any periods when the 

process vent is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device. 

(B) Regardless of the level of uncontrolled emissions, the emission testing for process-vent-specific emission factor 

development may be conducted on the outlet side of a wet scrubber in place for acid gas reduction, if one is in place, 

as long as there is no appreciable reduction in the fluorinated GHG. 

(3) Process-vent-specific emission factor method. For each process vent, conduct an emission test and measure 

fluorinated GHG emissions from the process and measure the process activity, such as the feed rate, production rate, 

or other process activity rate, during the test as described in this paragraph (c)(3). Conduct the emission test 

according to the procedures in §98.124. All emissions test data and procedures used in developing emission factors 

must be documented according to §98.127. If more than one operating scenario applies to the process that contains 

the subject process vent, you must comply with either paragraph (3)(i) or paragraph (3)(ii) of this section. 

(i) Conduct a separate emissions test for operation under each operating scenario. 

(ii) Conduct an emissions test for the operating scenario that is expected to have the largest emissions in terms of 

CO2e (considering both activity levels and emission calculation factors) on an annual basis. Also conduct an 

emissions test for each additional operating scenario that is estimated to emit 10,000 metric tons CO2e or more 

annually from the vent and whose emission calculation factor differs by 15 percent or more from the emission 

calculation factor of the operating scenario that is expected to have the largest emissions (or of another operating 

scenario for which emission testing is performed), unless the difference between the operating scenarios is solely due 

to the application of a destruction device to emissions under one of the operating scenarios. For any other operating 

scenarios, adjust the process-vent specific emission factor developed for the operating scenario that is expected to 

have the largest emissions (or for another operating scenario for which emission testing is performed) using the 

approach in paragraph (c)(3)(viii) of this section. 

(iii) You must measure the process activity, such as the process feed rate, process production rate, or other process 

activity rate, as applicable, during the emission test and calculate the rate for the test period, in kg (or another 

appropriate metric) per hour. 

(iv) For continuous processes, you must calculate the hourly emission rate of each fluorinated GHG using Equation 

L–19 of this section and determine the hourly emission rate of each fluorinated GHG per process vent (and per 

operating scenario, as applicable) for the test run. 

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Where: 

EContPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, during the
 

emission test during test run r (kg/hr).
 

CPV= Concentration of fluorinated GHG f during test run r of the emission test (ppmv).
 

MW = Molecular weight of fluorinated GHG f (g/g-mole).
 

QPV= Flow rate of the process vent stream during test run r of the emission test (m3 /min).
 

SV = Standard molar volume of gas (0.0240 m3 /g-mole at 68 °F and 1 atm).
 

1/103 = Conversion factor (1 kilogram/1,000 grams).
 

60/1 = Conversion factor (60 minutes/1 hour).
 

(v) You must calculate a site-specific, process-vent-specific emission factor for each fluorinated GHG for each 

process vent and each operating scenario, in kg of fluorinated GHG per process activity rate (e.g., kg of feed or 

production), as applicable, using Equation L–20 of this section. For continuous processes, divide the hourly 

fluorinated GHG emission rate during the test by the hourly process activity rate during the test runs. 

Where: 

EFPV= Emission factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating scenario j (e.g.,
 

kg emitted/kg activity).
 

EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, during the emission
 

test during test run r, for either continuous or batch (kg emitted/hr for continuous, kg emitted/batch for batch). 

ActivityEmissionTest= Process feed, process production, or other process activity rate for process i, operating scenario j,
 

during the emission test during test run r (e.g., kg product/hr).
 

r = Number of test runs performed during the emission test.
 

(vi) If you conducted emissions testing after the destruction device, you must calculate the emissions of each 

fluorinated GHG for the process vent (and operating scenario, as applicable) using Equation L–21 of this section. You 

must also develop a process-vent-specific emission calculation factor based on paragraph (c)(4) of this section for the 

periods when the process vent is not venting to the destruction device. 

Where:
 

EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year (kg).
 

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EFPV–C= Emission factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating scenario j, 

based on testing after the destruction device (kg emitted/activity) (e.g., kg emitted/kg product). 

ActivityC= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during 

the year for which emissions are vented to the properly functioning destruction device (i.e., controlled). 

ECFPV–U= Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j during periods when the process vent is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device (kg 

emitted/activity) (e.g., kg emitted/kg product). 

ActivityU= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity during the year for which the process vent 

is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., kg product). 

(vii) If you conducted emissions testing before the destruction device, apply the destruction efficiencies of the device 

that have been demonstrated for the fluorinated GHGs in the vent stream to the fluorinated GHG emissions for the 

process vent (and operating scenario, as applicable), using Equation L-22 of this section. You may apply the 

destruction efficiency only to the portion of the process activity during which emissions are vented to the properly 

functioning destruction device (i.e., controlled). 

Where: 

EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

considering destruction efficiency (kg). 

EFPV–U= Emission factor (uncontrolled) for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j (kg emitted/kg product). 

ActivityU= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during 

the year for which the process vent is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., kg product). 

ActivityC= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during 

the year for which the process vent is vented to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., kg product). 

DE = Demonstrated destruction efficiency of the destruction device (weight fraction). 

(viii) Adjusted process-vent-specific emission factors for other operating scenarios. For process vents from processes 

with multiple operating scenarios, use Equation L-23 of this section to develop an adjusted process-vent-specific 

emission factor for each operating scenario from which the vent is estimated to emit less than 10,000 metric tons 

CO2e annually or whose emission calculation factor differs by less than 15 percent from the emission calculation 

factor of the operating scenario that is expected to have the largest emissions (or of another operating scenario for 

which emission testing is performed). 

Where:
 

EFPVadj= Adjusted process-vent-specific emission factor for an untested operating scenario.
 

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ECFUT= Emission calculation factor for the untested operating scenario developed under paragraph (c)(4) of this
 

section.
 

ECFT= Emission calculation for the tested operating scenario developed under paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
 

EFPV= Process vent specific emission factor for the tested operating scenario.
 

(ix) Sum the emissions of each fluorinated GHG from all process vents in each operating scenario and all operating 

scenarios in the process for the year to estimate the total process vent emissions of each fluorinated GHG from the 

process, using Equation L-24 of this section. 

Where: 

EPfi= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vents for process i for the year (kg). 

EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

considering destruction efficiency (kg). 

v = Number of process vents in process i, operating scenario j. 

o = Number of operating scenarios for process i. 

(4) Process-vent-specific emission calculation factor method. For each process vent within an operating scenario, 

determine fluorinated GHG emissions by calculations and determine the process activity rate, such as the feed rate, 

production rate, or other process activity rate, associated with the emission rate. 

(i) You must calculate uncontrolled emissions of fluorinated GHG by individual process vent, EPV, by using 

measurements, by using calculations based on chemical engineering principles and chemical property data, or by 

conducting an engineering assessment. Use the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, except 

paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(C) of this section. The procedures in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section may be applied 

either to batch process vents or to continuous process vents. The uncontrolled emissions must be based on a typical 

batch or production rate under a defined operating scenario. The process activity rate associated with the 

uncontrolled emissions must be determined. The methods, data, and assumptions used to estimate emissions for 

each operating scenario must be selected to yield a best estimate (expected value) of emissions rather than an overor underestimate of emissions for that operating scenario. All data, assumptions, and procedures used in the 

calculations or engineering assessment must be documented according to §98.127. 

(ii) You must calculate a site-specific, process-vent-specific emission calculation factor for each process vent, each 

operating scenario, and each fluorinated GHG, in kg of fluorinated GHG per activity rate (e.g., kg of feed or 

production) as applicable, using Equation L-25 of this section. 

Where: 

ECFPV= Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j, (e.g., kg emitted/kg product). 

EPV= Average mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted, based on calculations, from process vent v from process i, 

operating scenario j, during the period or batch for which emissions were calculated, for either continuous or batch 

(kg emitted/hr for continuous, kg emitted/batch for batch). 

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ActivityRepresentative= Process feed, process production, or other process activity rate corresponding to average mass of 

emissions based on calculations (e.g., kg product/hr for continuous, kg product/batch for batch). 

(iii) You must calculate emissions of each fluorinated GHG for the process vent (and operating scenario, as 

applicable) for the year by multiplying the process-vent-specific emission calculation factor by the total process 

activity, as applicable, for the year, using Equation L-26 of this section. 

Where: 

EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year (kg). 

ECFPV= Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j, (kg emitted/activity) (e.g., kg emitted/kg product). 

Activity = Process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during the 

year. 

(iv) If the process vent is vented to a destruction device, apply the demonstrated destruction efficiency of the device 

to the fluorinated GHG emissions for the process vent (and operating scenario, as applicable), using Equation L-27 of 

this section. Apply the destruction efficiency only to the portion of the process activity that is vented to the properly 

functioning destruction device (i.e., controlled). 

Where: 

EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year 

considering destruction efficiency (kg). 

ECFPV= Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j, (e.g., kg emitted/kg product). 

ActivityU= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during 

the year for which the process vent is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., kg product). 

ActivityC= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during 

the year for which the process vent is vented to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., kg product). 

DE = Demonstrated destruction efficiency of the destruction device (weight fraction). 

(v) Sum the emissions of each fluorinated GHG from all process vents in each operating scenario and all operating 

scenarios in the process for the year to estimate the total process vent emissions of each fluorinated GHG from the 

process, using Equation L-28 of this section. 

Where:
 

EPfi= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vents for process i for the year (kg).
 

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EPV= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

considering destruction efficiency (kg). 

v = Number of process vents in process i, operating scenario j. 

o = Number of operating scenarios in process i. 

(d) Calculate fluorinated GHG emissions for equipment leaks (EL). If you comply with paragraph (c) of this section, 

you must calculate the fluorinated GHG emissions from pieces of equipment associated with processes covered 

under this subpart and in fluorinated GHG service. If you conduct monitoring of equipment in fluorinated GHG 

service, monitoring must be conducted for those in light liquid and in gas and vapor service. If you conduct monitoring 

of equipment in fluorinated GHG service, you may exclude from monitoring each piece of equipment that is difficultto-monitor, that is unsafe-to-monitor, that is insulated, or that is in heavy liquid service; you may exclude from 

monitoring each pump with dual mechanical seals, agitator with dual mechanical seals, pump with no external shaft, 

agitator with no external shaft; you may exclude from monitoring each pressure relief device in gas and vapor service 

with upstream rupture disk, each sampling connection system with closed-loop or closed-purge systems, and any 

pieces of equipment where leaks are routed through a closed vent system to a destruction device. You must estimate 

emissions using another approach for those pieces of equipment excluded from monitoring. Equipment that is in 

fluorinated GHG service for less than 300 hr/yr; equipment that is in vacuum service; pressure relief devices that are 

in light liquid service; and instrumentation systems are exempted from these requirements. 

(1) The emissions from equipment leaks must be calculated using any of the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1)(i), 

(d)(1)(ii), (d)(1)(iii), or (d)(1)(iv) of this section. 

(i) Use of Average Emission Factor Approach in EPA Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates. The 

emissions from equipment leaks may be calculated using the default Average Emission Factor Approach in EPA– 

453/R–95–017 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). 

(ii) Use of Other Approaches in EPA Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates in conjunction with EPA 

Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7. The emissions from equipment leaks may be calculated using one of 

the following methods in EPA–453/R–95–017 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7): The Screening Ranges 

Approach; the EPA Correlation Approach; or the Unit-Specific Correlation Approach. If you determine that EPA 

Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7 is appropriate for monitoring a fluorinated GHG, and if you calibrate your 

instrument with a compound different from one or more of the fluorinated GHGs or surrogates to be measured, you 

must develop response factors for each fluorinated GHG or for each surrogate to be measured using EPA Method 21 

at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7. For each fluorinated GHG or surrogate measured, the response factor must be 

less than 10. The response factor is the ratio of the known concentration of a fluorinated GHG or surrogate to the 

observed meter reading when measured using an instrument calibrated with the reference compound. 

(iii) Use of Other Approaches in EPA Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates in conjunction with sitespecific leak monitoring methods. The emissions from equipment leaks may be calculated using one of the following 

methods in EPA–453/R–95–017 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7): The Screening Ranges Approach; the EPA 

Correlation Approach; or the Unit-Specific Correlation Approach. You may develop a site-specific leak monitoring 

method appropriate for monitoring fluorinated GHGs or surrogates to use along with these three approaches. The 

site-specific leak monitoring method must meet the requirements in §98.124(f)(1). 

(iv) Use of site-specific leak monitoring methods. The emissions from equipment leaks may be calculated using a 

site-specific leak monitoring method. The site-specific leak monitoring method must meet the requirements in 

§98.124(f)(1). 

(2) You must collect information on the number of each type of equipment; the service of each piece of equipment 

(gas, light liquid, heavy liquid); the concentration of each fluorinated GHG in the stream; and the time period each 

piece of equipment was in service. Depending on which approach you follow, you may be required to collect 

information for equipment on the associated screening data concentrations for greater than or equal to 10,000 ppmv 

and associated screening data concentrations for less than 10,000 ppmv; associated actual screening data 

concentrations; or associated screening data and leak rate data (i.e., bagging) used to develop a unit-specific 

correlation. 

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(3) Calculate and sum the emissions of each fluorinated GHG in metric tons per year for equipment pieces for each 

process, EELf, annually. You must include and estimate emissions for types of equipment that are excluded from 

monitoring, including difficult-to-monitor, unsafe-to-monitor and insulated pieces of equipment, pieces of equipment in 

heavy liquid service, pumps with dual mechanical seals, agitators with dual mechanical seals, pumps with no external 

shaft, agitators with no external shaft, pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service with upstream rupture disk, 

sampling connection systems with closed-loop or closed purge systems, and pieces of equipment where leaks are 

routed through a closed vent system to a destruction device. 

(e) Calculate total fluorinated GHG emissions for each process and for production or transformation processes at the 

facility. 

(1i) Estimate annually the total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted from each process, including emissions from 

process vents in paragraphs (c)(3) and (c)(4) of this section, as appropriate, and from equipment leaks in paragraph 

(d), using Equation L-29 of this section. 

Where: 

Ei= Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from process i, annual basis (kg/year). 

EPfi= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from all process vents and all operating scenarios in process i, annually 

(kg/year, calculated in Equation L-24 or L-28 of this section, as appropriate). 

EELfi= Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from equipment leaks for pieces of equipment for process i, annually 

(kg/year, calculated in paragraph (d)(3) of this section). 

(2ii) Estimate annually the total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted from each type of production or transformation 

process at the facility using Equation L-30 of this section. Develop separate totals for fluorinated gas production 

processes, transformation processes that transform fluorinated gases produced at the facility, and transformation 

processes that transform fluorinated gases produced at another facility. 

Where: 

E = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from all fluorinated gas production processes, all transformation 

processes that transform fluorinated gases produced at the facility, or all transformation processes that transform 

fluorinated gases produced at another facility, as appropriate (metric tons). 

Ei= Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from each production or transformation process, annual basis 

(kg/year, calculated in Equation L-29 of this section). 

0.001 = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons. 

z = Total number of fluorinated gas production processes, fluorinated gas transformation processes that transform 

fluorinated gases produced at the facility, or transformation processes that transform fluorinated gases produced at 

another facility, as appropriate. 

(f) Calculate fluorinated GHG emissions from destruction of fluorinated GHGs that were previously “produced”. 

Estimate annually the total mass of fluorinated GHGs emitted from destruction of fluorinated GHGs that were 

previously “produced” as defined at §98.410(b) using Equation L-31 of this section: 

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Where: 

ED= The mass of fluorinated GHGs emitted annually from destruction of fluorinated GHGs that were previously 

“produced” as defined at §98.410(b) (metric tons). 

RED= The mass of fluorinated GHGs that were previously “produced” as defined at §98.410(b) and that are fed 

annually into the destruction device (metric tons). 

DE = Destruction efficiency of the destruction device (fraction). 

(g) Emissions from venting of residual fluorinated GHGs in containers. If you vent residual fluorinated GHGs from 

containers, you must either measure the residual fluorinated GHGs vented from each container or develop a heel 

factor for each combination of fluorinated GHG, container size, and container type that you vent. You do not need to 

estimate de minimis emissions associated with good-faith attempts to recycle or recover residual fluorinated GHGs in 

or from containers. 

(1) Measuring contents of each container. If you weigh or otherwise measure the contents of each container before 

venting the residual fluorinated GHGs, use Equation L-32 of this section to calculate annual emissions of each 

fluorinated GHG from venting of residual fluorinated GHG from containers. Convert pressures to masses as directed 

in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section. 

Where: 

ECf= Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from the facility through venting of residual fluorinated GHG from 

containers, annual basis (kgmetric tons/year). 

HBfj= Mass of residual fluorinated GHG f in container j when received by facility (metric tons). 

HEfj= Mass of residual fluorinated GHG f in container j after evacuation by facility (metric tons). (Facility may equate to 

zero.) 

n = Number of vented containers for each fluorinated GHG f. 

(2) Developing and applying heel factors. If you use heel factors to estimate emissions of residual fluorinated GHGs 

vented from containers, you must annually develop these factors based on representative samples of the containers 

received by your facility from fluorinated GHG users. 

(i) Sample size. For each combination of fluorinated GHG, container size, and container type that you vent, select a 

representative sample of containers that reflects the full range of quantities of residual gas returned in that container 

size and type. This sample must reflect the full range of the industries and a broad range of the customers that use 

and return the fluorinated GHG, container size, and container type. The minimum sample size for each combination 

of fluorinated GHG, container size, and container type must be 30, unless this is greater than the number of 

containers returned within that combination annually, in which case the contents of every container returned must be 

measured. 

(ii) Measurement of residual gas. The residual weight or pressure you use for paragraph (g)(1) of this section must be 

determined by monitoring the mass or the pressure of your cylinders/containers according to §98.124(k). If you 

monitor the pressure, convert the pressure to mass using a form of the ideal gas law, as displayed in Equation L-33 of 

this section, with an appropriately selected Z value. 

mR=(p×V×MW )/(Z×R×T×〖10〗^6) (Eq. L-33) 

where 

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Where: 

mR = Mass of residual gas in the container (metric ton) 

p = Absolute pressure of the gas (Pa) 

V = Volume of the gas (m3 ) 

MW = Molecular weight of the fluorinated GHG f (g/gmole) 

Z = Compressibility factor 

n = Amount of substance of the gas (moles) 

R = Gas constant (8.314 JoulePa m3

/Kelvin mole) 

T = Absolute temperature (K) 

106 = Conversion factor (106 g/metric ton) 

(iii) Heel factor calculation. To determine the heel factor hfj for each combination of fluorinated GHG, container size, 

and container type, use paragraph (g)(1) of this section to calculate the total heel emissions for each sample selected 

under paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section. Divide this total by the number of containers in the sample. Divide the result 

by the full capacity (the mass of the contents of a full container) of that combination of fluorinated GHG, container 

size, and container type. The heel factor is expressed as a fraction of the full capacity. 

(iv) Calculate annual emissions of each fluorinated GHG from venting of residual fluorinated GHG from containers 

using Equation L-34 of this section. 

Where: 

ECf= Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from the facility through venting of residual fluorinated GHG from 

containers, annual basis (kgmetric tons/year). 

hfj= Facility-wide gas-specific heel factor for fluorinated GHG f (fraction) and container size and type j, as determined 

in paragraph (g)(2)(iii) of this section.
 

Nfj= Number of containers of size and type j returned to the fluorinated gas production facility.
 

Ffj= Full capacity of containers of size and type j containing fluorinated GHG f (kgmetric tons).
 

n = Number of combinations of container sizes and types for fluorinated GHG f.
 

(h) Effective destruction efficiency for each process. If you used the emission factor or emission calculation factor 

method to calculate emissions from the process, use Equation L-35 to calculate the effective destruction efficiency for 

the process, including each process vent: 

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w o v 

∑



∑ ∑EPVf 



×GWP f 

1  1 1  DE Effective =1− w o v w o v     ∑∑ ∑ECF PV −Uf ×(Activity U + Activity C )×GWP f +∑∑ ∑EF PV −Uf ×(Activity U + Activity C )×GWP f 

1  1 1  1  1 1 

(Eq. L-35) 

Where: 

DEEffective = Effective destruction efficiency for process i (fraction). 

EPVf = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

calculated in Equation L-21, L-22, L-26, or L-27of this section (kg). 

GWPf = Global warming potential for each greenhouse gas from Table A-1 to subpart A of this part or Table L-1 of 

this subpart. If the GHG has a GWP listed in Table A-1, use that GWP. Otherwise, use the default GWP provided in 

Table L-1 for the fluorinated GHG group of which the GHG is a member. 

ECFPV–Uf = Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j during periods when the process vent is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device, as used 

in Equation L-21; or Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, 

operating scenario j, as used in Equation L-26 or L-27 (kg emitted/activity) (e.g., kg emitted/kg product), denoted as 

“ECFPV” in those equations. 

EFPV–Uf = Emission factor (uncontrolled) for fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v during process i, operating 

scenario j, as used in Equation L-22 (kg emitted/activity) (e.g., kg emitted/kg product). 

ActivityU= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity during the year for which the process vent 

is not vented to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., kg product). 

ActivityC= Total process feed, process production, or other process activity for process i, operating scenario j, during 

the year for which emissions are vented to the properly functioning destruction device (i.e., controlled). 

o = Number of operating scenarios for process i. 

v = Number of process vents in process i, operating scenario j. 

w = Number of fluorinated GHG emitted from the process. 

§ 98.124 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements. 

(a) Initial scoping speciation to identify fluorinated GHGs. You must conduct an initial scoping speciation to identify all 

fluorinated GHGs that may be generated from processes that are subject to this subpart and that have at least one 

process vent with uncontrolled emissions of 1.0 metric ton or more of fluorinated GHGs per year based on the 

preliminary estimate of emissions in §98.123(c)(1). You are not required to quantify emissions under this initial 

scoping speciation. Only fluorinated GHG products and by-products that occur in greater than trace concentrations in 

at least one stream must be identified under this paragraph. 

(1) Procedure. To conduct the scoping speciation, select the stream(s) (including process streams or destroyed 

streams) or process vent(s) that would be expected to individually or collectively contain all of the fluorinated GHG 

by-products of the process at their maximum concentrations and sample and analyze the contents of these selected 

streams or process vents. For example, if fluorinated GHG by-products are separated into one low-boiling-point and 

one high-boiling-point stream, sample and analyze both of these streams. Alternatively, you may sample and analyze 

streams where fluorinated GHG by-products occur at less than their maximum concentrations, but you must ensure 

that the sensitivity of the analysis is sufficient to compensate for the expected difference in concentration. For 

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example, if you sample and analyze streams where fluorinated GHG by-products are expected to occur at one half 

their maximum concentrations elsewhere in the process, you must ensure that the sensitivity of the analysis is 

sufficient to detect fluorinated GHG by-products that occur at concentrations of 0.05 percent or higher. You do not 

have to sample and analyze every stream or process vent, i.e., you do not have to sample and analyze a stream or 

process vent that contains only fluorinated GHGs that are contained in other streams or process vents that are being 

sampled and analyzed. Sampling and analysis must be conducted according to the procedures in paragraph (e) of 

this section. 

(2) Previous measurements. If you have conducted testing of streams (including process streams or destroyed 

streams) or process vents less than 10 years before December 31, 2010, and the testing meets the requirements in 

paragraph (a)(1) of this section, you may use the previous testing to satisfy this requirement. 

(b) Mass balance monitoring. Mass balance monitoring was available for reporting years 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 only. 

The mass balance monitoring provisions may be found at 75 FR 74774, 74843-74845 (December 1, 2010). If you determine 

fluorinated GHG emissions from any process using the mass balance method under §98.123(b), you must estimate 

the total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted from that process at least monthly. Only streams that contain greater 

than trace concentrations of fluorine-containing reactants, products, or by-products must be monitored under this 

paragraph. If you use an element other than fluorine in the mass-balance equation pursuant to §98.123(b)(3), 

substitute that element for fluorine in the monitoring requirements of this paragraph. 

(1) Mass measurements. Measure the following masses on a monthly or more frequent basis using flowmeters, 

weigh scales, or a combination of volumetric and density measurements with accuracies and precisions that allow the 

facility to meet the error criteria in §98.123(b)(1): 

(i) Total mass of each fluorine-containing product produced. Account for any used fluorine-containing product added 

into the production process upstream of the output measurement as directed at §98.413(b) and §98.414(b). For each 

product, the mass produced used for the mass-balance calculation must be the same as the mass produced that is 

reported under subpart OO of this part, where applicable. 

(ii) Total mass of each fluorine-containing reactant fed into the process. 

(iii) The mass removed from the process in each stream fed into the destruction device. 

(iv) The mass removed from the process in each recaptured stream. 

(2) Concentration measurements for use with §98.123(b)(4). If you use §98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine 

in destroyed or recaptured streams, measure the following concentrations at least once each calendar month during 

which the process is operating, on a schedule to ensure that the measurements are representative of the full range of 

process conditions (e.g., catalyst age). Measure more frequently if this is necessary to meet the error criteria in 

§98.123(b)(1). Use equipment and methods (e.g., gas chromatography) that comply with paragraph (e) of this section 

and that have an accuracy and precision that allow the facility to meet the error criteria in §98.123(b)(1). Only 

fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace concentrations 

must be monitored under this paragraph. 

(i) The concentration (mass fraction) of the fluorine-containing product in each stream that is fed into the destruction 

device. 

(ii) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorine-containing by-product in each stream that is fed into the 

destruction device. 

(iii) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorine-containing reactant in each stream that is fed into the 

destruction device. 

(iv) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorine-containing by-product in each stream that is recaptured (cBkl). 

(3) Concentration measurements for use with §98.123(b)(15). If you use §98.123(b)(15) to estimate the mass of 

fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, measure the concentrations listed in paragraphs (3)(i) and (ii) of this 

section at least once each calendar month during which the process is operating, on a schedule to ensure that the 

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measurements are representative of the full range of process conditions (e.g., catalyst age). Measure more frequently 

if this is necessary to meet the error criteria in §98.123(b)(1). Use equipment and methods (e.g., gas 

chromatography) that comply with paragraph (e) of this section and that have an accuracy and precision that allow 

the facility to meet the error criteria in §98.123(b)(1). Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products 

that occur in a stream in greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph. 

(i) The concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in each stream that is fed into the destruction device. 

(ii) The concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in each stream that is recaptured. 

(4) Emissions characterization: process vents emitting 25,000 metric tons CO 2 e or more. To characterize emissions 

from any process vent emitting 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more, comply with paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (b)(4)(v) of 

this section, as appropriate. Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in 

greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph. 

(i) Uncontrolled emissions. If emissions from the process vent are not routed through a destruction device, sample 

and analyze emissions at the process vent or stack or sample and analyze emitted streams before the process vent. 

If the process has more than one operating scenario, you must either perform the emission characterization for each 

operating scenario or perform the emission characterization for the operating scenario that is expected to have the 

largest emissions and adjust the emission characterization for other scenarios using engineering calculations and 

assessments as specified in §98.123(c)(4). To perform the characterization, take three samples under conditions that 

are representative for the operating scenario. Measure the concentration of each fluorine-containing compound in 

each sample. Use equipment and methods that comply with paragraph (e) of this section. Calculate the average 

concentration of each fluorine-containing compound across all three samples. 

(ii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(15). If you use §98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, 

characterize emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section before the destruction device. Apply the 

destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. 

Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs. 

(iii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(4). If you use §98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed 

or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, 

characterize the process vent's emissions monthly (or more frequently) using the monthly (or more frequent) 

measurements under paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section. Apply the destruction 

efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the 

characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs. 

(iv) Emissions characterization frequency. You must repeat emission characterizations performed under paragraph 

(b)(4)(i) and (b)(4)(ii) of this section under paragraph (b)(4)(iv)(A) or (b)(4)(iv)(B) of this section, whichever occurs 

first: 

(A) 10-year revision. Repeat the emission characterization every 10 years. In the calculations under §98.123, apply 

the revised emission characterization to the process activity that occurs after the revision. 

(B) Operating scenario change that affects the emission characterization. For planned operating scenario changes, 

you must estimate and compare the emission calculation factors for the changed operating scenario and for the 

original operating scenario whose process vent specific emission factor was measured. Use the engineering 

calculations and assessments specified in §98.123(c)(4). If the share of total fluorine-containing compound emissions 

represented by any fluorinated GHG changes under the changed operating scenario by 15 percent or more of the 

total, relative to the previous operating scenario (this includes the cumulative change in the emission calculation 

factor since the last emissions test), you must repeat the emission characterization. Perform the emission 

characterization before February 28 of the year that immediately follows the change. In the calculations under 

§98.123, apply the revised emission characterization to the process activity that occurs after the operating scenario 

change. 

(v) Subsequent measurements. If a process vent with fluorinated GHG emissions less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e, 

per §98.123(c)(2), is later found to have fluorinated GHG emissions of 25,000 metric tons CO2e or greater, you must 

perform an emission characterization under this paragraph during the following year. 

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(5) Emissions characterization: process vents emitting less than 25,000 metric tons CO 2e. To characterize emissions 

from any process vent emitting less than 25,000 metric tons CO2e, comply with paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (b)(5)(iii) 

of this section, as appropriate. Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a stream in 

greater than trace concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph. 

(i) Uncontrolled emissions. If emissions from the process vent are not routed through a destruction device, emission 

measurements must consist of sampling and analysis of emissions at the process vent or stack, sampling and 

analysis of emitted streams before the process vent, previous test results, provided the tests are representative of 

current operating conditions of the process, or bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the process 

operating conditions. 

(ii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(15). If you use §98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, 

characterize emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(5)(i) of this section before the destruction device. Apply the 

destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. 

Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs. 

(iii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(4). If you use §98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed 

or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent are routed through a destruction device, 

characterize the process vent's emissions monthly (or more frequently) using the monthly (or more frequent) 

measurements under paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section. Apply the destruction 

efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the 

characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not fluorinated GHGs. 

(6) Emissions characterization: emissions not accounted for by process vent estimates. Calculate the weighted 

average emission characterization across the process vents before any destruction devices. Apply the weighted 

average emission characterization for all the process vents to any fluorine emissions that are not accounted for by 

process vent estimates. 

(7) Impurities in reactants. If any fluorine-containing impurity is fed into a process along with a reactant (or other 

input) in greater than trace concentrations, this impurity shall be monitored under this section and included in the 

calculations under §98.123 in the same manner as reactants fed into the process, fed into the destruction device, 

recaptured, or emitted, except the concentration of the impurity in the mass fed into the process shall be measured, 

and the mass of the impurity fed into the process shall be calculated as the product of the concentration of the 

impurity and the mass fed into the process. The mass of the reactant fed into the process may be reduced to account 

for the mass of the impurity. 

(8) Alternative to error calculation. As an alternative to calculating the relative and absolute errors associated with the 

estimate of emissions under §98.123(b), you may comply with the precision, accuracy, measurement and calculation 

frequency, and fluorinated GHG throughput requirements of paragraph (b)(8)(i) through (b)(8)(iv) of this section. 

(i) Mass measurements. Measure the masses specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section using flowmeters, weigh 

scales, or a combination of volumetric and density measurements with accuracies and precisions of ±0.2 percent of 

full scale or better. 

(ii) Concentration measurements. Measure the concentrations specified in paragraph (b)(2) or paragraph (b)(3) of this 

section, as applicable, using analytical methods with accuracies and precisions of ±10 percent or better. 

(iii) Measurement and calculation frequency. Perform the mass measurements specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this 

section and the concentration measurements specified in paragraph (b)(2) or paragraph (b)(3) of this section, as 

applicable, at least weekly, and calculate emissions at least weekly. 

(iv) Fluorinated-GHG throughput limit. You may use the alternative to the error calculation specified in paragraph 

(b)(8) of this section only if the total annual CO2-equivalent fluorinated GHG throughput of the process is 500,000 

mtCO2e or less. The total throughput is the sum of the masses of the fluorinated GHG reactants, products, and byproducts fed into and generated by the process. To convert these masses to CO2e, use Equation A–1 of §98.2. For 

fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, use a default GWP of 2,000. 

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(c) Emission factor testing. If you determine fluorinated GHG emissions using the site-specific process-vent-specific 

emission factor, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(8) of this section. 

(1) Process vent testing. Conduct an emissions test that is based on representative performance of the process or 

operating scenario(s) of the process, as applicable. Include in the emission test any fluorinated greenhouse gas that 

was identified in the initial scoping speciation or is otherwise known to occur in the vent stream.occurs in more than 

trace concentrations in the vent stream or, where a destruction device is used, in the inlet to the destruction device. 

You may include startup and shutdown events if the testing is sufficiently long or comprehensive to ensure that such 

events are not overrepresented in the emission factor. Malfunction events must not be included in the testing. If you 

conduct your emission testing after a destruction device, and if the outlet concentration of a fluorinated GHG that is 

fed into the device is below the detection limit of the method, you may use a concentration of one-half the detection 

limit to estimate the emission factor. If you do not detect a fluorinated GHG that was identified in the scoping 

speciation or is otherwise known to occur in the vent stream, assume that fluorinated GHG was emitted at one half of 

the detection limit. 

(2) Number of runs. For continuous processes, sample the process vent for a minimum of 3 runs of 1 hour each. If 

the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the emission factor calculated based on the first 3 runs is greater than or 

equal to 0.15 for the emission factor, continue to sample the process vent for an additional 3 runs of 1 hour each. If 

more than one fluorinated GHG is measured, the RSD must be expressed in terms of total CO2 equivalents. For 

fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, use the default GWP provided for 

the fluorinated GHG group of which the GHG is a member a default GWP of 2,000 in Table L-1 of this subpart in the 

RSD calculation. 

(3) Process activity measurements. Determine the mass rate of process feed, process production, or other process 

activity as applicable during the test using flow meters, weigh scales, or other measurement devices or instruments 

with an accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better. These devices may be the same plant instruments 

or procedures that are used for accounting purposes (such as weigh hoppers, belt weigh feeders, combination of 

volume measurements and bulk density, etc.) if these devices or procedures meet the requirement. For monitoring 

ongoing process activity, use flow meters, weigh scales, or other measurement devices or instruments with an 

accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better. 

(4) Sample each process. If process vents from separate processes are manifolded together to a common vent or to 

a common destruction device, you must follow paragraph (c)(4)(i), (c)(4)(ii), or (c)(4)(iii) of this section. 

(i) You may sample emissions from each process in the ducts before the emissions are combined. 

(ii) You may sample in the common duct or at the outlet of the destruction device when only one process is operating. 

(iii) You may sample the combined emissions and use engineering calculations and assessments as specified in 

§98.123(c)(4) to allocate the emissions to each manifolded process vent, provided the sum of the calculated 

fluorinated GHG emissions across the individual process vents is within 20 percent of the total fluorinated GHG 

emissions measured during the manifolded testing. 

(5) Emission test results. The results of an emission test must include the analysis of samples, number of test runs, 

the results of the RSD analysis, the analytical method used, determination of emissions, the process activity, and raw 

data and must identify the process, the operating scenario, the process vents tested, and the fluorinated GHGs that 

were included in the test .(i.e., the fluorinated GHGs that occur in more than trace concentrations in the vent stream 

or, where a destruction device is used, in the inlet to the destruction device, and any other fluorinated GHGs included 

in the test). The emissions test report must contain all information and data used to derive the process-vent-specific 

emission factor, as well as key process conditions during the test. Key process conditions include those that are 

normally monitored for process control purposes and may include but are not limited to yields, pressures, 

temperatures, etc. (e.g., of reactor vessels, distillation columns). 

(67) Emissions testing frequency. You must conduct emissions testing to develop the process-vent-specific emission 

factor under paragraph (c)(7)(i) or (c)(7)(ii) of this section, whichever occurs first: 

(i) 10-year revision. Conduct an emissions test every 10 years. In the calculations under §98.123, apply the revised 

process-vent-specific emission factor to the process activity that occurs after the revision. 

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(ii) Operating scenario change that affects the emission factor. For planned operating scenario changes, you must 

estimate and compare the emission calculation factors for the changed operating scenario and for the original 

operating scenario whose process vent specific emission factor was measured. Use the calculation methods in 

§98.123(c)(4). If the emission calculation factor for the changed operating scenario is 15 percent or more different 

from the emission calculation factor for the previous operating scenario (this includes the cumulative change in the 

emission calculation factor since the last emissions test), you must conduct an emissions test to update the processvent-specific emission factor, unless the difference between the operating scenarios is solely due to the application of 

a destruction device to emissions under the changed operating scenario. Conduct the test before February 28 of the 

year that immediately follows the change. In the calculations under §98.123, apply the revised process-vent-specific 

emission factor to the process activity that occurs after the operating scenario change. 

(78) Subsequent measurements. If a continuous process vent with fluorinated GHG emissions less than 10,000 

metric tons CO2e, per §98.123(c)(2), is later found to have fluorinated GHG emissions of 10,000 metric tons CO2e or 

greater, you must conduct the emissions testing for the process vent during the following year and develop the 

process-vent-specific emission factor from the emissions testing. 

(89) Previous measurements. If you have conducted an emissions test less than 10 years before December 31, 

2010, and the emissions testing meets the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(8) of this section, you may 

use the previous emissions testing to develop process-vent-specific emission factors. For purposes of paragraph 

(c)(7)(i) of this section, the date of the previous emissions test rather than December 31, 2010 shall constitute the 

beginning of the 10-year re-measurement cycle. 

(d) Emission calculation factor monitoring. If you determine fluorinated GHG emissions using the site-specific 

process-vent-specific emission calculation factor, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(4) 

of this section. 

(1) Operating scenario. Perform the emissions calculation for the process vent based on representative performance 

of the operating scenario of the process. If more than one operating scenario applies to the process that contains the 

subject process vent, you must conduct a separate emissions calculation for operation under each operating 

scenario. For each continuous process vent that contains more than trace concentrations of any fluorinated GHG and 

for each batch process vent that contains more than trace concentrations of any fluorinated GHG, develop the 

process-vent-specific emission calculation factor for each operating scenario. For continuous process vents, 

determine the emissions based on the process activity for the representative performance of the operating scenario. 

For batch process vents, determine emissions based on the process activity for each typical batch operating 

scenario. 

(2) Process activity measurements. Use flow meters, weigh scales, or other measurement devices or instruments 

with an accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better for monitoring ongoing process activity. 

(3) Emission calculation results. The emission calculation must be documented by identifying the process, the 

operating scenario, and the process vents. The documentation must contain the information and data used to 

calculate the process-vent-specific emission calculation factor. 

(4) Operating scenario change that affects the emission calculation factor. For planned operating scenario changes 

that are expected to change the process-vent-specific emission calculation factor, you must conduct an emissions 

calculation to update the process-vent-specific emission calculation factor. In the calculations under §98.123, apply 

the revised emission calculation factor to the process activity that occurs after the operating scenario change. 

(5) Previous calculations. If you have performed an emissions calculation for the process vent and operating scenario 

less than 10 years before December 31, 2010, and the emissions calculation meets the requirements in paragraphs 

(d)(1) through (d)(4) of this section and in §98.123(c)(4)(i) and (c)(4)(ii), you may use the previous calculation to 

develop the site-specific process-vent-specific emission calculation factor. 

(e) Emission and stream testing, including analytical methods. Select and document testing and analytical methods 

as follows: 

(1) Sampling and mass measurement for emission testing. For emission testing in process vents or at the stack, use 

methods for sampling, measuring volumetric flow rates, non-fluorinated-GHG gas analysis, and measuring stack gas 

moisture that have been validated using a scientifically sound validation protocol. 

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(i) Sample and velocity traverses. Acceptable methods include but are not limited to EPA Method 1 or 1A in Appendix 

A–1 of 40 CFR part 60. 

(ii) Velocity and volumetric flow rates. Acceptable methods include but are not limited to EPA Method 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 

2D, 2F, or 2G in Appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60. Alternatives that may be used for determining flow rates include 

OTM–24 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) and ALT–012 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). 

(iii) Non-fluorinated-GHG gas analysis. Acceptable methods include but are not limited to EPA Method 3, 3A, or 3B in 

Appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60. 

(iv) Stack gas moisture. Acceptable methods include but are not limited to EPA Method 4 in Appendix A–1 of 40 CFR 

part 60. 

(2) Analytical methods. Use a quality-assured analytical measurement technology capable of detecting the analyte of 

interest at the concentration of interest and use a sampling and analytical procedure validated with the analyte of 

interest at the concentration of interest. Where calibration standards for the analyte are not available, a chemically 

similar surrogate may be used. Acceptable analytical measurement technologies include but are not limited to gas 

chromatography (GC) with an appropriate detector, infrared (IR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear 

magnetic resonance (NMR). Acceptable methods for determining fluorinated GHGs include EPA Method 18 in 

appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60, EPA Method 320 in appendix A of 40 CFR part 63, EPA 430–R–10–003 

(incorporated by reference, see §98.7), ASTM D6348–03 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7), or other analytical 

methods validated using EPA Method 301 at 40 CFR part 63, appendix A or some other scientifically sound validation 

protocol. Acceptable methods for determining total fluorine concentrations for fluorine-containing compounds in 

streams under paragraph (b)(3) of this section include ASTM D7359–08 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7), or 

other analytical methods validated using EPA Method 301 at 40 CFR part 63, appendix A or some other scientifically 

sound validation protocol. The validation protocol may include analytical technology manufacturer specifications or 

recommendations. 

(3) Documentation in GHG Monitoring Plan. Describe the sampling, measurement, and analytical method(s) used 

under paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section in the GHG Monitoring Plan as required under §98.3(g)(5). Identify 

the methods used to obtain the samples and measurements listed under paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iv) of this 

section. At a minimum, include in the description of the analytical method a description of the analytical measurement 

equipment and procedures, quantitative estimates of the method's accuracy and precision for the analytes of interest 

at the concentrations of interest, as well as a description of how these accuracies and precisions were estimated, 

including the validation protocol used. 

(f) Emission monitoring for pieces of equipment. If you conduct a site-specific leak detection method or monitoring 

approach for pieces of equipment, follow paragraph (f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section and follow paragraph (f)(3) of this 

section. 

(1) Site-specific leak monitoring approach. You may develop a site-specific leak monitoring approach. You must 

validate the leak monitoring method and describe the method and the validation in the GHG Monitoring Plan. To 

validate the site-specific method, you may, for example, release a known rate of the fluorinated GHGs or surrogates 

of interest, or you may compare the results of the site-specific method to those of a method that has been validated 

for the fluorinated GHGs or surrogates of interest. In the description of the leak detection method and its validation, 

include a detailed description of the method, including the procedures and equipment used and any sampling 

strategies. Also include the rationale behind the method, including why the method is expected to result in an 

unbiased estimate of emissions from equipment leaks. If the method is based on methods that are used to detect or 

quantify leaks or other emissions in other regulations, standards, or guidelines, identify and describe the regulations, 

standards, or guidelines and why their methods are applicable to emissions of fluorinated GHGs or surrogates from 

leaks. Account for possible sources of error in the method, e.g., instrument detection limits, measurement biases, and 

sampling biases. Describe validation efforts, including but not limited to any comparisons against standard leaks or 

concentrations, any comparisons against other methods, and their results. If you use the Screening Ranges 

Approach, the EPA Correlation Approach, or the Unit-Specific Correlation Approach with a monitoring instrument that 

does not meet all of the specifications in EPA Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7, then explain how and why 

the monitoring instrument, as used at your facility, would nevertheless be expected to accurately detect and quantify 

emissions of fluorinated GHGs or surrogates from process equipment, and describe how you verified its accuracy. 

For all methods, provide a quantitative estimate of the accuracy and precision of the method. 

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(2) EPA Method 21 monitoring. If you determine that EPA Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7 is appropriate 

for monitoring a fluorinated GHG, conduct the screening value concentration measurements using EPA Method 21 at 

40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7 to determine the screening range data or the actual screening value data for the 

Screening Ranges Approach, EPA Correlation Approach, or the Unit-Specific Correlation Approach. For the one-time 

testing to develop the Unit-Specific Correlation equations in EPA–453/R–95–017 (incorporated by reference, see 

§98.7), conduct the screening value concentration measurements using EPA Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix 

A–7 and the bagging procedures to measure mass emissions. Concentration measurements of bagged samples 

must be conducted using gas chromatography following EPA Method 18 analytical procedures or other method 

according to §98.124(e). Use methane or other appropriate compound as the calibration gas. 

(3) Frequency of measurement and sampling. If you estimate emissions based on monitoring of equipment, conduct 

monitoring at least annually. Sample at least one-third of equipment annually (except for equipment that is unsafe-tomonitor, difficult-to-monitor, insulated, or in heavy liquid service, pumps with dual mechanical seals, agitators with 

dual mechanical seals, pumps with no external shaft, agitators with no external shaft, pressure relief devices in gas 

and vapor service with an upstream rupture disk, sampling connection systems with closed-loop or closed purge 

systems, and pieces of equipment whose leaks are routed through a closed vent system to a destruction device), 

changing the sample each year such that at the end of three years, all equipment in the process has been monitored. 

If you estimate emissions based on a sample of the equipment in the process, ensure that the sample is 

representative of the equipment in the process. If you have multiple processes that have similar types of equipment in 

similar service, and that produce or transform similar fluorinated GHGs (in terms of chemical composition, molecular 

weight, and vapor pressure) at similar pressures and concentrations, then you may annually sample all of the 

equipment in one third of these processes rather than one third of the equipment in each process. 

(g) Destruction device performance testing. If you vent or otherwise feed fluorinated GHGs into a destruction device 

and apply the destruction efficiency of the device to one or more fluorinated GHGs in §98.123, you must conduct 

emissions testing to determine the destruction efficiency for each fluorinated GHG to which you apply the destruction 

efficiency. You must either determine the destruction efficiency for the most-difficult-to-destroy fluorinated GHG fed 

into the device (or a surrogate that is still more difficult to destroy) and apply that destruction efficiency to all the 

fluorinated GHGs fed into the device or alternatively determine different destruction efficiencies for different groups of 

fluorinated GHGs using the most-difficult-to-destroy fluorinated GHG of each group (or a surrogate that is still more 

difficult to destroy). 

(1) Destruction efficiency testing. You must sample the inlet and outlet of the destruction device for a minimum of 

three runs of 1 hour each to determine the destruction efficiency. You must conduct the emissions testing using the 

methods in paragraph (e) of this section. To determine the destruction efficiency, emission testing must be conducted 

when operating at high loads reasonably expected to occur (i.e., representative of high total fluorinated GHG load 

that will be sent to the device) and when destroying the most-difficult-to-destroy fluorinated GHG (or a surrogate that 

is still more difficult to destroy) that is fed into the device from the processes subject to this subpart or that belongs to 

the group of fluorinated GHGs for which you wish to establish a DE. If the outlet concentration of a fluorinated GHG 

that is fed into the device is below the detection limit of the method, you may use a concentration of one-half the 

detection limit to estimate the destruction efficiency. 

(i) If perfluoromethane (CF4) is vented to the destruction device in any stream in more than trace concentrations, you 

must test and determine the destruction efficiency achieved specifically for CF4to take credit for the CF4emissions 

reduction. 

(ii) If sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is vented to the destruction device in any stream in more than trace concentrations, you 

must test and determine the destruction efficiency achieved specifically for SF6, or alternatively for CF4as a surrogate, 

to take credit for the SF6emissions reduction. 

(iii) If saturated perfluorocarbons other than CF4are vented to the destruction device in any stream in more than trace 

concentrations, you must test and determine the destruction efficiency achieved for the lowest molecular weight 

saturated perfluorocarbon vented to the destruction device, or alternatively for a lower molecular weight saturated 

PFC or SF6as a surrogate, to take credit for the PFC emission reduction. 

(iv) For all other fluorinated GHGs that are vented to the destruction device in any stream in more than trace 

concentrations, you must test and determine the destruction efficiency achieved for the most-difficult-to-destroy 

fluorinated GHG or surrogate vented to the destruction device. Examples of acceptable surrogates include the Class 

1 compounds (ranked 1 through 34) in Appendix D, Table D–1 of “Guidance on Setting Permit Conditions and 

Reporting Trial Burn Results; Volume II of the Hazardous Waste Incineration Guidance Series,” January 1989, EPA 

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Publication EPA 625/6–89/019. You can obtain a copy of this publication by contacting the Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460, (202) 272–0167, http://www.epa.gov. 

(2) Destruction efficiency testing frequency . You must conduct emissions testing to determine the destruction 

efficiency as provided in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, whichever occurs first: 

(i) Conduct an emissions test every 10 years. In the calculations under §98.123, apply the updated destruction 

efficiency to the destruction that occurs after the test. 

(ii) Destruction device changes that affect the destruction efficiency . If you make a change to the destruction device 

that would be expected to affect the destruction efficiency, you must conduct an emissions test to update the 

destruction efficiency. Conduct the test before the February 28 of the year that immediately follows the change. In the 

calculations under §98.123, apply the updated destruction efficiency to the destruction that occurs after the change to 

the device. 

(3) Previous testing .If you have conducted an emissions test within the 10 years prior to December 31, 2010, and the 

emissions testing meets the requirements in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, you may use the destruction efficiency 

determined during this previous emissions testing. For purposes of paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section, the date of the 

previous emissions test rather than December 31, 2010 shall constitute the beginning of the 10-year re-measurement 

cycle. 

(4) Hazardous Waste Combustor testing . If a destruction device used to destroy fluorinated GHG is subject to 

subpart EEE of part 63 of this chapter or any portion of parts 260–270 of this chapter, you may apply the destruction 

efficiency specifically determined for CF4, SF6, PFCs other than CF4, and all other fluorinated GHGs under that test if 

the testing meets the criteria in paragraph (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(iv) of this section. If the testing of the destruction 

efficiency under subpart EEE of part 63 of this chapter was conducted more than 10 years ago, you may use the 

most recent destruction efficiency test provided that the design, operation, or maintenance of the destruction device 

has not changed since the last destruction efficiency test in a manner that could affect the ability to achieve the 

destruction efficiency, and the hazardous waste is fed into the normal flame zone. 

(h) Mass of previously produced fluorinated GHGs fed into destruction device . You must measure the mass of each 

fluorinated GHG that is fed into the destruction device in more than trace concentrations and that was previously 

produced as defined at §98.410(b). Such fluorinated GHGs include but are not limited to quantities that are shipped 

to the facility by another facility for destruction and quantities that are returned to the facility for reclamation but are 

found to be irretrievably contaminated and are therefore destroyed. You must use flowmeters, weigh scales, or a 

combination of volumetric and density measurements with an accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or 

better. If the measured mass includes more than trace concentrations of materials other than the fluorinated GHG 

being destroyed, you must measure the concentration of the fluorinated GHG being destroyed. You must multiply this 

concentration (mass fraction) by the mass measurement to obtain the mass of the fluorinated GHG fed into the 

destruction device. 

(i) Emissions due to malfunctions of destruction device . In their estimates of the mass of fluorinated GHG destroyed, 

fluorinated gas production facilities that destroy fluorinated GHGs must account for any temporary reductions in the 

destruction efficiency that result from any malfunctions of the destruction device, including periods of operation 

outside of the operating conditions defined in operating permit requirements and/or destruction device manufacturer 

specifications. 

(j) Emissions due to process startup, shutdown, or malfunctions . Fluorinated GHG production facilities must account 

for fluorinated GHG emissions that occur as a result of startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions, either recording 

fluorinated GHG emissions during these events, or documenting that these events do not result in significant 

fluorinated GHG emissions. Facilities may use the calculation methods in §98.123(c)(1) to estimate emissions during 

startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. 

(k) Monitoring for venting residual fluorinated GHG in containers . Measure the residual fluorinated GHG in containers 

received by the facility either using scales or using pressure and temperature measurements. You may use pressure 

and temperature measurements only in cases where no liquid fluorinated GHG is present in the container. Scales 

must have an accuracy and precision of ±1 percent or better of the filled weight (gas plus tare) of the containers of 

fluorinated GHGs that are typically weighed on the scale. For example, for scales that are generally used to weigh 

cylinders that contain 115 pounds of gas when full and that have a tare weight of 115 pounds, this equates to ±1 

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percent of 230 pounds, or ±2.3 pounds. Pressure gauges and thermometers used to measure quantities that are 

monitored under this paragraph must have an accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better. 

(l) Initial scoping speciations, emissions testing, emission factor development, emission calculation factor 

development, emission characterization development, and destruction efficiency determinations must be completed 

by February 29, 2012 for processes and operating scenarios that operate between December 31, 2010 and 

December 31, 2011. For other processes and operating scenarios, initial scoping speciations, emissions testing, 

emission factor development, emission calculation factor development, emission characterization development, and 

destruction efficiency determinations must be complete by February 28 of the year following the year in which the 

process or operating scenario commences or recommences. 

(m) Calibrate all flow meters, weigh scales, and combinations of volumetric and density measures using monitoring 

instruments traceable to the International System of Units (SI) through the National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST) or other recognized national measurement institute. Recalibrate all flow meters, weigh scales, and 

combinations of volumetric and density measures at the minimum frequency specified by the manufacturer. Use any 

of the following applicable flow meter test methods or the calibration procedures specified by the flow meter, weighscale, or other volumetric or density measure manufacturer. 

(1) ASME MFC–3M–2004 Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7). 

(2) ASME MFC–4M–1986 (Reaffirmed 1997) Measurement of Gas Flow by Turbine Meters (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7). 

(3) ASME–MFC–5M–1985, (Reaffirmed 1994) Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Transit-Time 

Ultrasonic Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). 

(4) ASME MFC–6M–1998 Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Vortex Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, 

see §98.7). 

(5) ASME MFC–7M–1987 (Reaffirmed 1992) Measurement of Gas Flow by Means of Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles 

(incorporated by reference, see §98.7). 

(6) ASME MFC–9M–1988 (Reaffirmed 2001) Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits by Weighing Method 

(incorporated by reference, see §98.7). 

(7) ASME MFC–11M–2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Coriolis Mass Flowmeters (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7). 

(8) ASME MFC–14M–2003 Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Small Bore Precision Orifice Meters (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7). 

(n) All analytical equipment used to determine the concentration of fluorinated GHGs, including but not limited to gas 

chromatographs and associated detectors, infrared (IR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic 

resonance (NMR) devices, must be calibrated at a frequency needed to support the type of analysis specified in the 

GHG Monitoring Plan as required under §98.124(e)(3) and 93.3(g)(5). Quality assurance samples at the 

concentrations of concern must be used for the calibration. Such quality assurance samples must consist of or be 

prepared from certified standards of the analytes of concern where available; if not available, calibration must be 

performed by a method specified in the GHG Monitoring Plan. 

(o) Special provisions for estimating 2011 and subsequent year emissions. 

(1) Best available monitoring methods. To estimate emissions that occur from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 

2011, owners or operators may use best available monitoring methods for any parameter that cannot reasonably be 

measured according to the monitoring and QA/QC requirements of this subpart. The owner or operator must use the 

calculation methodologies and equations in §98.123, but may use the best available monitoring method for any 

parameter for which it is not reasonably feasible to acquire, install, or operate a required piece of monitoring 

equipment, to procure measurement services from necessary providers, or to gain physical access to make required 

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measurements in a facility by January 1, 2011. Starting no later than July 1, 2011, the owner or operator must 

discontinue using best available methods and begin following all applicable monitoring and QA/QC requirements of 

this part, except as provided in paragraphs (o)(2) through (o)(4) of this section. Best available monitoring methods 

means any of the following methods specified in this paragraph: 

(i) Monitoring methods currently used by the facility that do not meet the specifications of this subpart. 

(ii) Supplier data. 

(iii) Engineering calculations or assessments. 

(iv) Other company records. 

(2) Requests for extension of the use of best available monitoring methods to estimate 2011 emissions: parameters 

other than scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations. The owner or operator may submit 

a request to the Administrator to use one or more best available monitoring methods for parameters other than 

scoping speciations, emission factors, or emission characterizations to estimate emissions that occur between July 1, 

2011 and December 31, 2011. 

(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be submitted to EPA no later than February 28, 2011. 

(ii) Content of request. Requests must contain the following information: 

(A) A list of specific items of monitoring equipment and measurement services for which the request is being made 

and the locations (e.g., processes and vents) where each piece of monitoring equipment will be installed and where 

each measurement service will be provided. 

(B) Identification of the specific rule requirements for which the monitoring equipment or measurement service is 

needed. 

(C) A description of the reasons why the needed equipment could not be obtained, installed, or operated or why the 

needed measurement service could not be provided before July 1, 2011. The owner or operator must consider all of 

the data collection and emission calculation options outlined in the rule for a specific emissions source before 

claiming that a specific safety, technical, logistical, or legal barrier exists. 

(D) If the reason for the extension is that the equipment cannot be purchased, delivered, or installed before July 1, 

2011, include supporting documentation such as the date the monitoring equipment was ordered, investigation of 

alternative suppliers, the dates by which alternative vendors promised delivery or installation, backorder notices or 

unexpected delays, descriptions of actions taken to expedite delivery or installation, and the current expected date of 

delivery or installation. 

(E) If the reason for the extension is that service providers were unable to provide necessary measurement services, 

include supporting documentation demonstrating that these services could not be acquired before July 1, 2011. This 

documentation must include written correspondence to and from at least two service providers stating that they will 

not be able to provide the necessary services before July 1, 2011. 

(F) If the reason for the extension is that the process is operating continuously without process shutdown, include 

supporting documentation showing that it is not practicable to isolate the process equipment or unit and install the 

measurement device without a full shutdown or a hot tap, and that there is no opportunity before July 1, 2011 to 

install the device. Include the date of the three most recent shutdowns for each relevant process equipment or unit, 

the frequency of shutdowns for each relevant process equipment or unit, and the date of the next planned process 

equipment or unit shutdown. 

(G) If the reason for the extension is that access to process streams, emissions streams, or destroyed streams, as 

applicable, could not be gained before July 1, 2011 for reasons other than the continuous operation of the process 

without shutdown, include illustrative documentation such as photographs and engineering diagrams demonstrating 

that access could not be gained. 

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(H) A description of the best available monitoring methods that will be used and how their results will be applied (i.e., 

which calculation method will be used) to develop the emission estimate. Where the proposed best available 

monitoring method is the use of current monitoring data in the mass-balance approach, include the estimated relative 

and absolute errors of the mass-balance approach using the current monitoring data. 

(I) A description of the specific actions the owner or operator will take to comply with monitoring requirements by 

January 1, 2012. 

(3) Requests for extension of the use of best available monitoring methods to estimate 2011 emissions: scoping 

speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations. The owner or operator may submit a request to the 

Administrator to use one or more best available monitoring methods for scoping speciations, emission factors, and 

emission characterizations to estimate emissions that occur between July 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011. 

(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be submitted to EPA no later than June 30, 2011. 

(ii) Content of request. Requests must contain the information outlined in paragraph (o)(2)(ii) of this section, 

substituting March 1, 2012 for July 1, 2011 and substituting March 1, 2013 for January 1, 2012. 

(iii) Reporting of 2011 emissions using scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations 

developed after February 29, 2012. Facilities that are approved to use best available monitoring methods in 2011 for 

scoping speciations, emission factors, or emission characterizations for certain processes must submit, by March 31, 

2013, revised 2011 emission estimates that reflect the scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission 

characterizations that are measured for those processes after February 29, 2012. If the operating scenario for 2011 is 

different from all of the operating scenarios for which emission factors are developed after February 29, 2012, use 

Equation L-23 at §98.123(c)(3)(viii) to adjust the emission factor(s) or emission characterizations measured for the 

post-February 29, 2012 operating scenario(s) to account for the differences. 

(4) Requests for extension of the use of best available monitoring methods to estimate emissions that occur after 

2011. EPA does not anticipate approving the use of best available monitoring methods to estimate emissions that 

occur beyond December 31, 2011; however, EPA reserves the right to review requests for unique and extreme 

circumstances which include safety, technical infeasibility, or inconsistency with other local, State or Federal 

regulations. 

(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be submitted to EPA no later than June 30, 2011. 

(ii) Content of request. Requests must contain the following information: 

(A) The information outlined in paragraph (o)(2)(ii) of this section. For scoping speciations, emission factors, and 

emission characterizations, substitute March 1, 2013 for July 1, 2011 and substitute March 1, 2014 for January 1, 

2012. For other parameters, substitute January 1, 2012 for July 1, 2011 and substitute January 1, 2013 for January 1, 

2012. 

(B) A detailed outline of the unique circumstances necessitating an extension, including specific data collection issues 

that do not meet safety regulations, technical infeasibility or specific laws or regulations that conflict with data 

collection. The owner or operator must consider all the data collection and emission calculation options outlined in the 

rule for a specific emissions source before claiming that a specific safety, technical or legal barrier exists. 

(C) A detailed explanation and supporting documentation of how and when the owner or operator will receive the 

required data and/or services to comply with the reporting requirements of this subpart in the future. 

(E) The Administrator reserves the right to require that the owner or operator provide additional documentation. 

(iii) Reporting of 2011 and subsequent year emissions using scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission 

characterizations developed after approval to use best available monitoring methods expires. Facilities that are 

approved to use best available monitoring methods in 2011 and subsequent years for scoping speciations, emission 

factors, or emission characterizations for certain processes must submit, by March 31 of the year that begins one 

year after their approval to use best available monitoring method(s) expires, revised emission estimates for 2011 and 

subsequent years that reflect the scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations that are 

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measured for those processes in 2013 or subsequent years. If the operating scenario for 2011 or subsequent years is 

different from all of the operating scenarios for which emission factors or emission characterizations are developed in 

2013 or subsequent years, use Equation L-23 of §98.123(c)(3)(viii) to adjust the emission factor(s) or emission 

characterization(s) measured for the new operating scenario(s) to account for the differences. 

(5) Approval criteria. To obtain approval, the owner or operator must demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction 

that it is not reasonably feasible to acquire, install, or operate the required piece of monitoring equipment, to procure 

measurement services from necessary providers, or to gain physical access to make required measurements in a 

facility according to the requirements of this subpart by the dates specified in paragraphs (o)(2), (3), and (4) of this 

section for any of the reasons described in paragraph (o)(2)(ii) of this section, or, for requests under paragraph (o)(4) 

of this section, any of the reasons described in paragraph (o)(4)(ii)(B) of this section. 

§ 98.125 Procedures for estimating missing data. 

(a) A complete record of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations in §98.123 is required. 

Therefore, whenever a quality-assured value of a required parameter is unavailable, a substitute data value for the 

missing parameter must be used in the calculations as specified in the paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. You 

must document and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates. 

(b) For each missing value of the fluorinated GHG concentration or fluorine-containing compound concentration, the 

substitute data value must be the arithmetic average of the quality-assured values of that parameter immediately 

preceding and immediately following the missing data incident. 

(c) For each missing value of the mass produced, fed into the production process, fed into the transformation 

process, or fed into destruction devices, the substitute value of that parameter must be a secondary mass 

measurement where such a measurement is available. For example, if the mass produced is usually measured with a 

flowmeter at the inlet to the day tank and that flowmeter fails to meet an accuracy or precision test, malfunctions, or is 

rendered inoperable, then the mass produced may be estimated by calculating the change in volume in the day tank 

and multiplying it by the density of the product. Where a secondary mass measurement is not available, the substitute 

value of the parameter must be an estimate based on a related parameter. For example, if a flowmeter measuring the 

mass fed into a destruction device is rendered inoperable, then the mass fed into the destruction device may be 

estimated using the production rate and the previously observed relationship between the production rate and the 

mass flow rate into the destruction device. 

§ 98.126 Data reporting requirements. 

(a) All facilities. In addition to the information required by §98.3(c), you must report the information in paragraphs 

(a)(2) through (a)(67) of this section according to the schedule in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, except as otherwise 

provided in paragraph (j) of this section or in §98.3(c)(4)(vii) and Table A-7 of Ssubpart A of this part. 

(1) Frequency of reporting under paragraph (a) of this section. The information in paragraphs (a)(2), (3), (4), (5), (6), 

and (7) of this section must be reported annually. (5), and (6) of this section must be reported annually. The 

information in paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this section must be reported once by March 31, 2012 for each process 

and operating scenarios that operates between December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011. For other processes 

and operating scenarios, the information in paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this section must be reported once by March 

31 of the year following the year in which the process or operating scenario commences or recommences. 

(2) Generically-identified process. For each production and transformation process at the facility, you must: You 

must report the total mass in metric tons of each fluorinated GHG emitted from: 

(i) Provide a number, letter, or other identifier for the process. 

(ii) Indicate whether the process is a fluorinated gas production process, a fluorinated gas transformation process 

where no fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at another facility, or a fluorinated gas transformation process where 

one or more fluorinated GHG reactants are produced at another facility; and 

(iii) Indicate whether the process could be characterized as reaction, distillation, or packaging (include all that apply). 

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(iv) For each generically-identified process and each fluorinated GHG group, report the methods used to determine 

the mass emissions of that fluorinated GHG group from that process from vents, i.e., mass balance, process-ventspecific emission factor, or process-vent-specific emission calculation factor. 

(v) For each generically-identified process and each fluorinated GHG group, report the method(s) used to determine 

the mass emissions of that fluorinated GHG group from that process from equipment leaks, unless you used the 

mass balance method for that process. 

(i) Each fluorinated gas production process and all fluorinated gas production processes combined. 

(ii) Each fluorinated gas transformation process that is not part of a fluorinated gas production process and all such 

fluorinated gas transformation processes combined, except report separately fluorinated GHG emissions from 

transformation processes where a fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at another facility. 

(3) The chemical identities of the contents of the stream(s) (including process, emissions, and destroyed streams) 

analyzed under the initial scoping speciation of fluorinated GHG at § 98.124(a), by process. 

(3) Process level, multiple products. If your facility produces multiple fluorinated gas products, for each generically 

identified process and each fluorinated GHG group, you must report the total GWP-weighted emissions of all 

fluorinated GHGs in that group emitted from the process, in metric tons CO2e. 

(4) The location and function of the stream(s) (including process streams, emissions streams, and destroyed 

streams) that were analyzed under the initial scoping speciation of fluorinated GHG at § 98.124(a), by process. 

(4) Facility level, multiple products. If your facility produces multiple fluorinated gas products, you must report the 

information in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (a)(4)(ii) of this section, as applicable. 

(i) For each fluorinated GHG with emissions of 1,000 metric tons of CO2e or more from the facility as a whole, you 

must report the total mass in metric tons of the fluorinated GHG emitted from the facility as a whole. 

(ii) Aggregate and report the total GWP-weighted emissions of all other fluorinated GHGs by fluorinated GHG group 

for the facility as a whole, in metric tons of CO2e. 

(5) The methods used to determine the mass emissions of each fluorinated GHG, i.e., mass balance, process-ventspecific emission factor, or process-vent-specific emission calculation factor, at the facility. If you use the processvent-specific emission factor or process-vent-specific emission calculation factor method, report the methods used to 

estimate emissions from equipment leaks. 

(5) Facility level, one product only. If your facility produces only one fluorinated gas product, aggregate and report 

the total GWP-weighted emissions of fluorinated GHGs by fluorinated GHG group for the facility as a whole, in metric 

tons of CO2e, with the following exception: Where emissions consist of a major fluorinated GHG constituent of a 

fluorinated gas product, and the product is sold or transferred to another person, report the total mass in metric tons 

of each fluorinated GHG emitted that is a major fluorinated GHG constituent of the product. 

(6) The chemical formula and total mass produced of the fluorinated gas product in metric tons, by chemical and 

process. 

(6) Destruction processes and container heel venting. You must report the total mass in metric tons of each 

fluorinated GHG emitted from: 

(iii)(i) Each fluorinated gas destruction process that is not part of a fluorinated gas production process or a fluorinated 

gas transformation process and all such fluorinated gas destruction processes combined. 

(iv)(ii) Venting of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers returned from the field. 

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(7) Effective destruction efficiency. For each generically identified process, use Table L-2 to this subpart to report the 

range that encompasses the effective destruction efficiency, DEeffective, calculated for that process using Equation L35 of this subpart. The effective destruction efficiency must be reported on a CO2e basis. 

(b) Reporting for mass balance approach method for reporting years 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. If you used the 

mass-balance method to calculate emissions for any of the reporting years 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014, you must 

conduct mass balance reporting for that reporting year. For processes whose emissions are were determined using 

the mass-balance approach method under the former §98.123(b), you must report the information listed in 

paragraphs (b)(1) throughand (b)(132) of this section for each process on an annual basis. Identify and separately 

report fluorinated GHG emissions from transformation processes where the fluorinated GHG reactants are produced 

at another facility. If you use an element other than fluorine in the mass-balance equation pursuant to § 98.123(b)(3), 

substitute that element for fluorine in the reporting requirements of this paragraph. 

(1) If you calculated the relative and absolute errors under the former §98.123(b)(1), the overall absolute and relative 

errors calculated for the process under the former paragraph § 98.123(b)(1), as well as the data (including quantities 

and their accuracies and precisions) used in these calculations. in tons and decimal fraction, respectively. 

(2) [Reserved] The balanced chemical equation that describes the reaction used to manufacture the fluorinated GHG 

product and each fluorinated GHG transformation product. 

(3) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinated GHG reactant emitted from the process in metric tons. 

(4) The mass and chemical formula of the fluorinated GHG product emitted from the process in metric tons. 

(5) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinated GHG by-product emitted from the process in metric tons. 

(6) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorine-containing reactant that is fed into the process (metric tons). 

(7) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorine-containing product produced by the process (metric tons). 

(8) If you use § 98.123(b)(4) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, report the following. 

(i) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorine-containing product that is removed from the process and fed into the 

destruction device (metric tons). 

(ii) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorine-containing by-product that is removed from the process and fed into 

the destruction device (metric tons). 

(iii) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorine-containing reactant that is removed from the process and fed into the 

destruction device (metric tons). 

(iv) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorine-containing by-product that is removed from the process and 

recaptured (metric tons). 

(v) [Reserved] The demonstrated destruction efficiency of the destruction device for each fluorinated GHG fed into the 

device from the process in greater than trace concentrations (fraction). 

(9) [Reserved] If you use § 98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, report 

the following. 

(i) The mass of fluorine in each stream that is fed into the destruction device (metric tons). 

(ii) The mass of fluorine that is recaptured (metric tons). 

(iii) The weighted average destruction efficiency of the destruction device calculated for each stream under 

§ 98.123(b)(16). 

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(10) The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of each fluorine-containing reactant. 

(11) The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the fluorine-containing product. 

(12) The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of each fluorine-containing by-product. 

(132) The method used to estimate the total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams (specify the former §98.123(b)(4) 

or (15)). 

(c) Reporting for emission factor and emission calculation factor approach. For processes whose emissions are 

determined using the emission factor approach under §98.123(c)(3) or the emission calculation factor under 

§98.123(c)(4), you must report the following for each generically-identified process. Fluorinated GHG emissions from 

transformation processes where the fluorinated GHG reactants are produced at another facility must be identified and 

reported separately from other fluorinated GHG emissions. 

(1) [Reserved] The identity and quantity of the process activity used to estimate emissions (e.g., tons of product 

produced or tons of reactant consumed). 

(2) [Reserved] The site-specific, process-vent-specific emission factor(s) or emission calculation factor for each 

process vent. 

(3) The mass of For each fluorinated GHG group, the total GWP-weighted mass of all fluorinated GHGs in that group 

emitted from eachall process vent (vents combined, in metric tons). of CO2e. 

(4) The mass of For each fluorinated GHG group, the total GWP-weighted mass of all fluorinated GHGs in that group 

emitted from equipment leaks (. in metric tons). CO2e. 

(d) Reporting for missing data. Where missing data have been estimated pursuant to §98.125, you must report; 

(1) The reason the data were missing, the length of time the data were missing, and the method used to estimate the 

missing data. 

(2) Estimates of the missing data for all missing data associated with data elements required to be reported in this 

section. the reason the data were missing, the length of time the data were missing, the method used to estimate the 

missing data, and the estimates of those data. 

(e) Reporting of destruction device excess emissions data. Each fluorinated gas production facility that destroys 

fluorinated GHGs must report the excess emissions that result from malfunctions of the destruction device, and these 

excess emissions wouldmust be reflected in the fluorinated GHG estimates in the former §98.123(b) and in §98.123 

(c). Such excess emissions would occur if the destruction efficiency was reduced due to the malfunction. 

(f) Reporting of destruction device testing. By March 31, 2012 or by March 31 of the year immediately following the 

year in which it begins fluorinated GHG destruction, each fluorinated gas production facility that destroys fluorinated 

GHGs must submit a report containing the information in paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(4) of this section. This report is 

one-time unless you make a change to the destruction device that would be expected to affect its destruction 

efficiencies. 

(1) [Reserved] Destruction efficiency (DE) of each destruction device for each fluorinated GHG whose destruction the 

facility reflects in § 98.123, in accordance with §98.124(g)(1)(i) through (iv). 

(2) Chemical identity of the fluorinated GHG(s) used in the performance test conducted to determine destruction 

efficiency, including surrogates, and information on why the surrogate is sufficient to demonstrate the destruction 

efficiency for each fluorinated GHG, consistent with requirements in §98.124(g)(1), vented to the destruction device. 

(3) Date of the most recent destruction device test. 

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(4) Name of all applicable Federal or State regulations that may apply to the destruction process. 

(5) If you make a change to the destruction device that would be expected to affect its destruction efficiencies, submit 

a revised report that reflects the changes, including the revised destruction efficiencies measured for the device 

under §98.124(g)(2)(ii), by March 31 of the year that immediately follows the change. 

(g) Reporting for destruction of previously produced fluorinated GHGs. Each fluorinated gas production facility that 

destroys fluorinated GHGs must report, separately from the fluorinated GHG emissions reported under paragraphs 

(b) or (c) of this section, the following for each previously produced fluorinated GHG destroyed: 

(1) [Reserved] The mass of the fluorinated GHG fed into the destruction device. 

(2) The mass of the fluorinated GHG emitted from the destruction device. 

(h) Reporting of emissions from venting of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers. Each fluorinated gas 

production facility that vents residual fluorinated GHGs from containers must report the following for each fluorinated 

GHG vented: 

(1) The mass of the residual fluorinated GHG vented from each container size and type annually (metric tons). 

(2) [Reserved] If applicable, the heel factor calculated for each container size and type. 

(i) Reporting of fluorinated GHG products of incomplete combustion (PICs) of fluorinated gases. Each fluorinated gas 

production facility that destroys fluorinated gases must submit a one-time report by June 30, 2011, that describes any 

measurements, research, or analysis that it has performed or obtained that relate to the formation of products of 

incomplete combustion that are fluorinated GHGs during the destruction of fluorinated gases. The report must include 

the methods and results of any measurement or modeling studies, including the products of incomplete combustion 

for which the exhaust stream was analyzed, as well as copies of relevant scientific papers, if available, or citations of 

the papers, if they are not. No new testing is required to fulfill this requirement. 

(j) Special provisions for reporting years 2011 and 2012 only. For reporting years 2011 and 2012, the owner or 

operator of a facility must comply with paragraphs (j)(1), (j)(2), and (j)(3) of this section. 

(1) Timing. The owner or operator of a facility is not required to report the data elements at §98.3(c)(4)(iii) and 

§98.126(a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(6), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of this section until the later of March 31, 201 or 

the date set forth for that data element at §98.3(c)(4)(vii) and Table A-7 of Subpart A of this part. 

(2) Excess emissions. Excess emissions of fluorinated GHGs resulting from destruction device malfunctions must be 

reflected in the reported facility-wide CO2e emissions but are not required to be reported separately. 

(3) Calculation and reporting of CO2e. You must report the total fluorinated GHG emissions covered by this subpart, 

expressed in metric tons of CO2e. This includes emissions from all fluorinated gas production processes, all 

fluorinated gas transformation processes that are not part of a fluorinated gas production process, all fluorinated gas 

destruction processes that are not part of a fluorinated gas production process or a fluorinated gas transformation 

process, and venting of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers returned from the field. To convert fluorinated 

GHG emissions to CO2e for reporting under this section, use Equation A-1 of §98.2. For fluorinated GHGs whose 

GWPs are not listed in Table A-1 of Subpart A of this part, use either the default GWP specified below or your best 

estimate of the GWP based on the information described in §98.123(c)(1)(vi)(A)(3). Use of quantitative structure 

activity relationships (QSARs) is an acceptable method for determining GWPs in situations where pure standards of 

the “target” fluorinated GHG are not available, the “target” fluorinated GHG cannot be isolated from gas streams, and 

FTIR spectra for the impurities are not available. 

(i) If you choose to use a default GWP rather than your best estimate of the GWP for fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs 

are not listed in Table A-1 to this subpart, use a default GWP of 10,000 for fluorinated GHGs that are fully fluorinated 

GHGs and use a default GWP of 2000 for other fluorinated GHGs. 

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(ii) Provide the total annual emissions across fluorinated GHGs for the entire facility, in metric tons of CO2e, that were 

calculated using the default GWP of 2000. 

(iii) Provide the total annual emissions across fluorinated GHGs for the entire facility, in metric tons of CO2e, that 

were calculated using the default GWP of 10,000. 

(iv) Provide the total annual emissions across fluorinated GHGs for the entire facility, in metric tons of CO2e, that 

were calculated using your best estimate of the GWP. 

(k) Submission of complete reporting year 2011, 2012, and 2013 GHG reports. By March 31, 2015, you must submit 

annual GHG reports for reporting years 2011, 2012, and 2013 that contain the information specified in paragraphs (a) 

through (h) of this section. The reports must calculate CO2e using the GWPs in Table A-1 to subpart A of this part (as 

in effect on January 1, 2015) and Table L-1 of this subpart (as applicable), Prior submission of partial reports for 

these reporting years under paragraph (j) of this section does not affect your obligation to submit complete reports 

under this paragraph. 

§ 98.127 Records that must be retained. 

In addition to the records required by §98.3(g), you must retain the dated records specified in paragraphs (a) through 

(k) of this section, as applicable. 

(a) Process information records. 

(1) Identify all products and processes subject to this subpart. Include the unit identification as appropriate., along 

with the generic process identification reported for the process under §98.126(a)(2)(i) through (iii); which product the 

process is associated with; whether the process is a reaction, distillation, or packaging process (include all that 

apply); and whether the process is a production process, a transformation process where no fluorinated GHG 

reactant is produced at another facility, or a transformation process where one or more fluorinated GHG reactants are 

produced at another facility. 

(2) Monthly and annual records, as applicable, of all analyses and calculations conducted as required under §98.123, 

including the data monitored under §98.124, and all information reported as required and under §98.126. 

(3) Identify all fluorinated GHGs with emissions of 1,000 metric tons CO2e or more from the facility as a whole, and 

identify all fluorinated GHGs with total emissions less than 1,000 metric tons CO2e from the facility as a whole. 

(4) Calculations used to determine the total GWP-weighted emissions of fluorinated GHGs by fluorinated GHG 

groups for each process, in metric tons CO2e. 

(b) Scoping speciation. Retain records documenting the information reportedcollected under §98.126(a)(3) and (4) 

§98.124(a). 

(c) Mass-balance method. Retain the following records for each process for which the mass-balance method was 

used to estimate emissions in reporting years 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014. If you used an element other than fluorine 

in the mass-balance equation pursuant to the former § 98.123(b)(3), substitute that element for fluorine in the 

recordkeeping requirements of this paragraph. 

(1) The data and calculations used to estimate the absolute and relative errors associated with use of the massbalance approach. 

(2) The data and calculations used to estimate the mass of fluorine emitted from the process. 

(3) The data and calculations used to determine the fractions of the mass emitted consisting of each reactant (FERd ), 

product (FEP), and by-product (FEBk ), including the preliminary calculations in the former §98.123(b)(8)(i). 

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(d) Emission factor and emission calculation factor method. Retain the following records for each process for which 

the emission factor or emission calculation factor method was used to estimate emissions. 

(1) Identify all continuous process vents with emissions of fluorinated GHGs that are less than 10,000 metric tons 

CO2e per year and all continuous process vents with emissions of 10,000 metric tons CO2e per year or more. Include 

the data and calculation used to develop the preliminary estimate of emissions for each process vent. 

(2) Identify all batch process vents. 

(3) For each vent, identify the method used to develop the factor (i.e., emission factor by emissions test or emission 

calculation factor). 

(4) The emissions test data and reports (see §98.124(c)(5)) and the calculations used to determine the process-ventspecific emission factor, including the actual process-vent-specific emission factor, the average hourly emission rate 

of each fluorinated GHG from the process vent during the test and the process feed rate, process production rate, or 

other process activity rate during the test. 

(5) The process-vent-specific emission calculation factor and the calculations used to determine the process-ventspecific emission calculation factor. 

(6) The annual process production quantity or other process activity information in the appropriate units, along with 

the dates and time period during which the process was operating and dates and time periods the process vents are 

vented to the destruction device. As an alternative to date and time periods when process vents are vented to the 

destruction device, a facility may track dates and time periods that process vents by-pass the destruction device. 

(7) Calculations used to determine annual emissions of each fluorinated GHG for each process and the total 

fluorinated GHG emissions for all processes, i.e., total for facility. 

(e) Destruction efficiency testing. A fluorinated GHG production facility that destroys fluorinated GHGs and reflects 

this destruction in §98.123 must retain the emissions performance testing reports (including revised reports) for each 

destruction device. The emissions performance testing report must contain all information and data used to derive the 

destruction efficiency for each fluorinated GHG whose destruction the facility reflects in §98.123, as well as the key 

process and device conditions during the test. This information includes the following: 

(1) Destruction efficiency (DE) determined for each fluorinated GHG whose destruction the facility reflects in §98.123, 

in accordance with §98.124(g)(1)(i) through (iv). 

(2) Chemical identity of the fluorinated GHG(s) used in the performance test conducted to determine destruction 

efficiency, including surrogates, and information on why the surrogate is sufficient to demonstrate destruction 

efficiency for each fluorinated GHG, consistent with requirements in §98.124(g)(1)(i) through (iv), vented to the 

destruction device. 

(3) Mass flow rate of the stream containing the fluorinated GHG(s) or surrogate into the device during the test. 

(4) Concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinated GHG or surrogate in the stream flowing into the device during 

the test. 

(5) Concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinated GHG or surrogate at the outlet of the destruction device during 

the test. 

(6) Mass flow rate at the outlet of the destruction device during the test. 

(7) Test methods and analytical methods used to determine the mass flow rates and fluorinated GHG (or surrogate) 

concentrations of the streams flowing into and out of the destruction device during the test. 

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(8) Destruction device conditions that are normally monitored for device control, such as temperature, total mass flow 

rates into the device, and CO or O2 levels. 

(9) Name of all applicable Federal or State regulations that may apply to the destruction process. 

(f) Equipment leak records. If you are subject to §98.123(d) of this subpart, you must maintain information on the 

number of each type of equipment; the service of each piece of equipment (gas, light liquid, heavy liquid); the 

concentration of each fluorinated GHG in the stream; each piece of equipment excluded from monitoring requirement; 

the time period each piece of equipment was in service, and the emission calculations for each fluorinated GHG for 

all processes. Depending on which equipment leak monitoring approach you follow, you must maintain information for 

equipment on the associated screening data concentrations for greater than or equal to 10,000 ppmv and associated 

screening data concentrations for less than 10,000 ppmv; associated actual screening data concentrations; and 

associated screening data and leak rate data (i.e., bagging) used to develop a unit-specific correlation. If you 

developed and follow a site-specific leak detection approach, provide the records for monitoring events and the 

emissions estimation calculations, as appropriate, consistent with the approach for equipment leak emission 

estimation in your GHG Monitoring Plan. 

(g) Container heel records. If you vent residual fluorinated GHGs from containers, maintain the following records of 

the measurements and calculations used to estimate emissions of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers. 

(i) If you measure the contents of each container, maintain records of these measurements and the calculations used 

to estimate emissions of each fluorinated GHG from each container size and type. 

(ii) If you develop and apply container heel factors to estimate emissions, maintain records of the measurements and 

calculations used to develop the heel factor for each fluorinated GHG and each container size and type and of the 

number of containers of each fluorinated GHG and of each container size and type returned to your facility. 

(h) Missing data records. Where missing data have been estimated pursuant to §98.125, you must record the reason 

the data were missing, the length of time the data were missing, the method used to estimate the missing data, and 

the estimates of those data. 

(i) All facilities. Dated records documenting the initial and periodic calibration of all analytical equipment used to 

determine the concentration of fluorinated GHGs, including but not limited to gas chromatographs, gas 

chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC/ECD), fourier 

transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) devices, and all mass measurement equipment 

such as weigh scales, flowmeters, and volumetric and density measures used to measure the quantities reported 

under this subpart, including the industry standards or manufacturer directions used for calibration pursuant to 

§98.124(e), (f), (g), (m), and (n). 

(j) GHG Monitoring Plans, as described in §98.3(g)(5), must be completed by April 1, 2011. 

(k) For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A-1 to subpart A of this part, maintain records of the 

GWPs used to calculate facility-wide CO2e emissions under §98.127(j). Where you used your best estimate of the 

GWP, maintain records of the data and analysis used to develop that GWP, including the data elements at 

§98.123(c)(1)(vi)(A)( 1 )through ( 3 ). If you have used QSARs to estimate the GWP, include information documenting 

the level of accuracy of the QSAR-derived GWP, including information on how the structure of the “target” fluorinated 

GHG is similar to the structures of the fluorinated GHGs used to model the radiative forcing and/or reaction rate of the 

“target” fluorinated GHG, the quality and quantity of the measurements of the radiative forcings and/or reaction rates 

of the fluorinated GHGs used to model these parameters for the “target” fluorinated GHG, any estimated uncertainties 

of the modeled forcings and/or reaction rates, and descriptions and results of any efforts to validate the QSAR 

model(s). 

§ 98.128 Definitions. 

Except as provided in this section, all of the terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air 

Act and subpart A of this part. If a conflict exists between a definition provided in this subpart and a definition 

provided in subpart A, the definition in this subpart shall take precedence for the reporting requirements in this 

subpart. 

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Batch process or batch operation means a noncontinuous operation involving intermittent or discontinuous feed into 

equipment, and, in general, involves the emptying of the equipment after the batch operation ceases and prior to 

beginning a new operation. Addition of raw material and withdrawal of product do not occur simultaneously in a batch 

operation. 

Batch emission episode means a discrete venting episode associated with a vessel in a process; a vessel may have 

more than one batch emission episode. For example, a displacement of vapor resulting from the charging of a vessel 

with a feed material will result in a discrete emission episode that will last through the duration of the charge and will 

have an average flow rate equal to the rate of the charge. If the vessel is then heated, there will also be another 

discrete emission episode resulting from the expulsion of expanded vapor. Other emission episodes also may occur 

from the same vessel and other vessels in the process, depending on process operations. 

By-product means a chemical that is produced coincidentally during the production of another chemical. 

Completely destroyed means destroyed with a destruction efficiency of 99.99 percent or greater. 

Completely recaptured means 99.99 percent or greater of each fluorinated GHG is removed from a stream. 

Continuous process or operation means a process where the inputs and outputs flow continuously throughout the 

duration of the process. Continuous processes are typically steady state. 

Destruction device means any device used to destroy fluorinated GHG. 

Destruction process means a process used to destroy fluorinated GHG in a destruction device such as a thermal 

incinerator or catalytic oxidizer. 

Difficult-to-monitor means the equipment piece may not be monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel 

more than 2 meters (7 feet) above a support surface or it is not accessible in a safe manner when it is in fluorinated 

GHG service. 

Dual mechanical seal pump and dual mechanical seal agitator means a pump or agitator equipped with a dual 

mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system where the barrier fluid is not in light liquid service; each 

barrier fluid system is equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal system, the barrier fluid system, or 

both; and meets the following requirements: 

(1) Each dual mechanical seal system is operated with the barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times (except 

periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) greater than the pump or agitator stuffing box pressure; or 

(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a 

closed-vent system to a control device; or 

(3) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the barrier fluid into a process stream. 

Equipment (for the purposes of §98.123(d) and §98.124(f) only) means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure 

relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, connector, and instrumentation system in 

fluorinated GHG service for a process subject to this subpart; and any destruction devices or closed-vent systems to 

which processes subject to this subpart are vented. 

Fluorinated gas means any fluorinated GHG, CFC, or HCFC. 

Fluorinated GHG group means one of the following sets of fluorinated GHGs: Fully fluorinated GHGs; Saturated 

hydrofluorocarbons; Saturated hydrofluoroethers and saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers; Unsaturated PFCs, 

unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated HFEs, and fluorinated ketones; or Other fluorinated GHGs. 

Fluorinated GHG product means the product of the process, including isolated intermediates. 

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Fully fluorinated GHGs means fluorinated GHGs that contain only single bonds and in which all available valence 

locations are filled by fluorine atoms. This includes but is not limited to saturated perfluorocarbons, SF6, NF3, SF5CF3, 

fully fluorinated linear, branched and cyclic alkanes, fully fluorinated ethers, fully fluorinated tertiary amines, fully 

fluorinated aminoethers, and perfluoropolyethers. 

Generically-identified process means a process that is (1) identified as a production process, a transformation 

process where no fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at another facility, or a transformation process where one or 

more fluorinated GHG reactants are produced at another facility; (2) further identified as a reaction, distillation, or 

packaging process, or a combination thereof; and (3) tagged with a discrete identifier, such as a letter or number, that 

remains constant from year to year. 

In fluorinated GHG service means that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a feedstock, by-product, or 

product that is a liquid or gas and contains at least 5 percent by weight fluorinated GHG. 

In gas and vapor service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contains a gas or vapor at 

operating conditions. 

In heavy liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service is not in gas and vapor service 

or in light liquid service. 

In light liquid service means that a piece of equipment in regulated material service contains a liquid that meets the 

following conditions: 

(1) The vapor pressure of one or more of the compounds is greater than 0.3 kilopascals at 20 °C. 

(2) The total concentration of the pure compounds constituents having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kilopascals 

at 20 °C is equal to or greater than 20 percent by weight of the total process stream. 

(3) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions. 

Note to definition of “in light liquid service”: Vapor pressures may be determined by standard reference texts or ASTM 

D–2879, (incorporated by reference, see §98.7). 

In vacuum service means that equipment is operating at an internal pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals below 

ambient pressure. 

Isolated intermediate means a product of a process that is stored before subsequent processing. An isolated 

intermediate is usually a product of chemical synthesis. Storage of an isolated intermediate marks the end of a 

process. Storage occurs at any time the intermediate is placed in equipment used solely for storage. 

Major fluorinated GHG constituent means a fluorinated GHG constituent of a fluorinated GHG product that occurs in 

concentrations greater than 1 percent by mass. 

No external shaft pump and No external shaft agitator means any pump or agitator that is designed with no externally 

actuated shaft penetrating the pump or agitator housing. 

Operating scenario means any specific operation of a process and includes the information specified in paragraphs 

(1) through (5) of this definition for each process. A change or series of changes to any of these elements, except for 

paragraph (4) of this definition, constitutes a different operating scenario. 

(1) A description of the process, the specific process equipment used, and the range of operating conditions for the 

process. 

(2) An identification of related process vents, their associated emissions episodes and durations, and calculations 

and engineering analyses to show the annual uncontrolled fluorinated GHG emissions from the process vent. 

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(3) The control or destruction devices used, as applicable, including a description of operating and/or testing 

conditions for any associated destruction device. 

(4) The process vents (including those from other processes) that are simultaneously routed to the control or 

destruction device(s). 

(5) The applicable monitoring requirements and any parametric level that assures destruction or removal for all emissions routed 

to the control or destruction device. 

Other fluorinated GHGs means fluorinated GHGs that are none of the following: fully fluorinated GHGs, saturated 

hydrofluorocarbons, saturated hydrofluoroethers, saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers, unsaturated perfluorocarbons, unsaturated 

hydrofluorocarbons, unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons, unsaturated hydrofluoroethers, or fluorinated ketones. 

Process means all equipment that collectively functions to produce a fluorinated gas product, including an isolated intermediate 

(which is also a fluorinated gas product), or to transform a fluorinated gas product. A process may consist of one or more unit 

operations. For the purposes of this subpart, process includes any, all, or a combination of reaction, recovery, separation, 

purification, or other activity, operation, manufacture, or treatment which are used to produce a fluorinated gas product. For a 

continuous process, cleaning operations conducted may be considered part of the process, at the discretion of the facility. For a 

batch process, cleaning operations are part of the process. Ancillary activities are not considered a process or part of any process 

under this subpart. Ancillary activities include boilers and incinerators, chillers and refrigeration systems, and other equipment 

and activities that are not directly involved (i.e., they operate within a closed system and materials are not combined with process 

fluids) in the processing of raw materials or the manufacturing of a fluorinated gas product. 

Process condenser means a condenser whose primary purpose is to recover material as an integral part of a process. All 

condensers recovering condensate from a process vent at or above the boiling point or all condensers in line prior to a vacuum 

source are considered process condensers. Typically, a primary condenser or condensers in series are considered to be integral to 

the process if they are capable of and normally used for the purpose of recovering chemicals for fuel value (i.e., net positive 

heating value), use, reuse or for sale for fuel value, use, or reuse. 

Process vent (for the purposes of this subpart only) means a vent from a process vessel or vents from multiple process vessels 

within a process that are manifolded together into a common header, through which a fluorinated GHG-containing gas stream is, 

or has the potential to be, released to the atmosphere (or the point of entry into a control device, if any). Examples of process 

vents include, but are not limited to, vents on condensers used for product recovery, bottoms receivers, surge control vessels, 

reactors, filters, centrifuges, and process tanks. Process vents do not include vents on storage tanks, wastewater emission sources, 

or pieces of equipment. 

Saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen 

atom; in which two or more, but not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have been replaced by fluorine atoms 

and chlorine atoms; and which contain only single bonds. 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are hydrofluorocarbons and that contain only single bonds. 

Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom; 

in which one or more, but not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have been replaced by fluorine atoms; and 

which contain only single bonds. 

Typical batch means a batch process operated within a range of operating conditions that are documented in an operating 

scenario. Emissions from a typical batch are based on the operating conditions that result in representative emissions. The typical 

batch defines the uncontrolled emissions for each emission episode defined under the operating scenario. 

Uncontrolled fluorinated GHG emissions means a gas stream containing fluorinated GHG which has exited the process (or 

process condenser or control condenser, where applicable), but which has not yet been introduced into a destruction device to 

reduce the mass of fluorinated GHG in the stream. If the emissions from the process are not routed to a destruction device, 

uncontrolled emissions are those fluorinated GHG emissions released to the atmosphere. 

Unsafe-to-monitor means that monitoring personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of monitoring 

the piece of equipment. Examples of unsafe-to-monitor equipment include, but are not limited to, equipment under extreme 

pressure or heat. 

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Unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that contain only carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and 

hydrogen and that contain one or more bonds that are not single bonds. 

Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are hydrofluorocarbons and that contain one or more 

bonds that are not single bonds. 

Unsaturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen 

atom; in which one or more, but not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have been replaced by fluorine atoms; 

and which contain one or more bonds that are not single bonds. 

Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are perfluorocarbons and that contain one or more bonds 

that are not single bonds. 

TABLE L-1 TO SUBPART L OF PART 98-DEFAULT GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS FOR 

COMPOUNDS THAT DO NOT APPEAR ON TABLE A-1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98
�

Fluorinated GHG group 

Proposed Global warming 

potential 

(100 yr.) 

Fully fluorinated GHGs 10,000 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 2,200 

Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) 

1,600 

Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated 

HFEs, and fluorinated ketones 

1 

Other fluorinated GHGs 100 

Table L-2 of Subpart L – Ranges of Effective Destruction Efficiency
�

Range of Reductions 

≥99% 

≥95% to <99% 

≥75% to <95% 

≥0% to <75% 

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