{"id":27450,"date":"2022-02-17T18:53:24","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T23:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/?page_id=27450"},"modified":"2022-02-17T18:53:24","modified_gmt":"2022-02-17T23:53:24","slug":"30-explore","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/guidance\/adrguide-home\/30-explore\/","title":{"rendered":"Explore the Information Exchange"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:31px;margin-left:0px;\"><h2 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Explore the Information Exchange<\/h2><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div><u><strong>Small Steps Leading to Trust or Distrust<\/strong><\/u>: \u00a0Most trained negotiators are familiar with “The Prisoner’s Dilemma,” and the “Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma.” \u00a0A simple web search will lead to explanations, and these dilemmas are also explain in many negotiation books. \u00a0<em>See e.g.<\/em>, B. Goldman, The Science of Settlement: Ideas for Negotiators, ALI ABA (2008) at Sec. 3.03(b). \u00a0The lesson from these behavioral studies is that negotiators should start exchanging information in small steps of little consequence. \u00a0When the opposition replies with similar small and cooperative steps, trust is built, which in turn leads to greater information exchange. \u00a0If the opposition fails to respond in kind, little is lost by the initial exchange, and the parties can either try again, or walk away from the table.<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><u>Use of Interest-Based Discussions<\/u>:<\/strong> \u00a0Sometimes parties fear that agreeing to negotiations will demonstrate weakness to the opposition regarding the merits of the dispute. \u00a0If that is the case, the party should use interest-based discussions to broaden the conversation beyond merely rights-based litigation positions. \u00a0When the parties discover ways to mutually satisfy underlying interests, they may be able to disregard the merits of the dispute as they resolve the controversy.<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><u><strong>Timing of Disclosures<\/strong><\/u><strong>: <\/strong>\u00a0Stud poker players reveal their cards one at a time as they cycle through\u00a0consecutive\u00a0rounds of betting, hoping to build the pot before convincing the other players to fold. \u00a0Often, the final fold occurs before the winner’s last card is revealed. Similarly, many litigator-negotiators know that sometimes a deal can be struck without a full-blown evidentiary dump during the first session of mediation. \u00a0Instead, they pull out their evidence bit-by-bit to establish the strength of their hand, and then reiterate that strength as they reveal more evidence later during the mediation. \u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><u>Timing of Disclosures – Revisited<\/u><\/strong>: \u00a0The timing of the\u00a0mediation\u00a0process is flexible, and just as a party without sufficient information can walk from a deal, that party can also delay a deal until better information is produced. \u00a0It is very common for a mediation to last several weeks as parties research, identify, and produce relevant information needed to reach a resolution. \u00a0Rushing the process rarely improves the process. \u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><u>Leaving the Table — ADR is Voluntary under 5 US.C. 572(a)<\/u><\/strong>: \u00a0The Administrative Dispute Resolution Act (ADRA) of 1996 plainly establishes that ADR is voluntary, which means that litigation remains a fallback option for nearly all ADR processes except binding arbitration or summary trials.\u00a0 In fact,\u00a0parties can not reasonably blame an arm-twisting mediator if they reached a bad settlement. \u00a0Why? \u00a0Because no mediator has the power to force a party to settle a case.\u00a0 If a party has distrusts the quality of the information they have or the wisdom of settling, then that party\u00a0should not settle the case.<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":27194,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27450\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/adr.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}