DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA

FOURTH DISTRICT

JULIO PLUTT, an individual, JAZWARES DISTRIBUTION, INC., a 

Florida Corporation, BRIGHT PRODUCTS, INC., a Florida Corporation,

Appellants,

v.

MICHELE ROSS,

Appellee.

No. 4D17-1906

[November 8, 2017]

Appeal of non-final order from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth 

Judicial Circuit, Broward County; John T. Luzzo, Judge; L.T. Case No. 09-

10145.

Geoffrey D. Ittleman of The Law Offices of Geoffrey D. Ittleman, P.A., for 

appellants.

Melissa E. Roque and Steven D. Gonzalez of Weinberg, Wheeler, 

Hudgins, Gunn & Dial, LLC, for appellee.

FORST, J.

Julio Plutt, Jazwares Distribution, Inc., and Bright Products, Inc. 

(“Appellants”) appeal the circuit court’s denial of their Florida Rule of Civil 

Procedure 1.540(b) motion to vacate a final judgment awarding Appellee 

Michele Ross $7,092.56. In their motion, Appellants contended that the 

final judgment entered by the circuit court was void for lack of subject 

matter jurisdiction because the amount in controversy did not exceed 

$15,000. We affirm because the complaint, in good faith, sought damages 

in excess of $15,000, conferring jurisdiction on the circuit court 

notwithstanding the ultimate damage award. 

Background

In 2009, Appellee filed a complaint against Appellants in Broward 

County circuit court. She alleged that Appellants breached a contract in 

which she agreed to author children’s books in exchange for a royalty or 

commission on all book sales, ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 percent. Appellee 
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further alleged that Appellants failed to provide any of the agreed-upon 

compensation despite her performance under the contract. Regarding 

damages, Appellee alleged: “All claims made herein are for damages in 

access [sic] of $15,000.00, exclusive of attorneys’ fees, interest and costs.”

Following years of litigation and discovery, Appellee successfully moved 

for a default. Appellee then filed a motion for summary judgment. The 

motion stated that the proceeds from the sales of Appellee’s books 

amounted to $202,644.81. Based on the formula in the subject contract, 

Appellee asserted that Appellants owed her $7,092.56 “in royalties.” 

However, she also claimed to have suffered total damages of $209,737.37, 

which was the sum of the royalties and the sale proceeds. The trial court 

entered an order granting the motion for summary judgment and stating 

that Appellee was entitled to $7,092.56 in damages. The final judgment 

awarded that amount, in addition to costs and pre-judgment interest, for 

a total award of $13,695.58. 

More than a year after entry of the final judgment, Appellants filed a 

motion to vacate. They asserted that the circuit court lacked subject 

matter jurisdiction because Appellee stated in her summary judgment 

motion that she was due $7,092.56 in damages for unpaid royalties.

Appellants argued that Appellee effectively acknowledged that the court 

was without jurisdiction because the amount in controversy did not exceed 

the $15,000 threshold needed to invoke the circuit court’s jurisdiction. 

The trial court entered an order denying the motion to vacate without 

explanation. This non-final appeal follows. See Fla. R. App. P. 9.130(a)(5). 

Analysis

We generally review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to vacate for an 

abuse of discretion. Vercosa v. Fields, 174 So. 3d 550, 552 (Fla. 4th DCA 

2015). However, “[w]hether a judgment is void is a question of law 

reviewed de novo.” Id.

A party may move at any time to vacate a final judgment as void due to 

lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Kathleen G. Kozinski, P.A. v. Phillips, 

126 So. 3d 1264, 1268 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013). Florida circuit courts have 

subject matter jurisdiction over actions at law in which the matter in 

controversy exceeds $15,000, exclusive of interest, costs, and attorney’s 

fees. See §§ 26.012(2)(a) and 34.01(1)(c), Fla. Stat. (2016). “[A] court’s 

subject matter jurisdiction over a case generally depends on the good-faith 

allegations in the complaint as to an amount in controversy.” Bogdanoff 

v. Broken Sound Club, Inc., 154 So. 3d 410, 411 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014). “The 
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test in determining the jurisdiction of the court ‘is the amount in good faith

claimed or put in controversy when the action is commenced.’” Thibadeau 

v. Santini Bros., Inc., 315 So. 2d 550, 552 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975) (quoting 

Castellano v. Bader Bros. Van Lines, Inc., 208 So. 2d 842, 842 (Fla. 3d DCA 

1968)). 

Once jurisdiction is properly invoked by filing the complaint, “the 

circuit court retain[s] jurisdiction to enter an award, irrespective of the 

amount.”1 Cooperativa De Seguros Multiples De v. Cintron, 44 So. 3d 623, 

624 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010) (Torpy, J., concurring); see also Thibadeau, 315 

So. 2d at 552; PHILIP J. PADOVANO, FLORIDA CIVIL PRACTICE § 1.5 (2016 ed.)

(“If the jurisdiction of the circuit court is invoked by a proper allegation, it 

will not be defeated on the ground that the award of damages is less than 

the jurisdictional amount for filing a case in the circuit court.”).

In this case, Appellee asserted in her complaint that “[a]ll claims made 

herein are for damages in access [sic] of $15,000.00, exclusive of attorneys’ 

fees, interest and costs.” There is no evidence in the record that Appellee’s 

claim for damages in excess of $15,000 in her complaint was not made in 

good faith (the lower amount sought by Appellee in her subsequent motion 

for summary judgment was calculated from sales numbers obtained only 

in the course of discovery). Moreover, Appellants explicitly conceded the 

“good faith” issue in their reply brief. Cf. Cintron, 44 So. 3d at 625 

(Orfinger, J., dissenting) (stating that, where plaintiff knew damages were 

below jurisdictional threshold when filing amended complaint, the 

plaintiff’s claim for damages in excess of $15,000 “could not have . . . been 

made in good faith”).

Conclusion

The circuit court in this case had subject matter jurisdiction at the time 

it entered the final judgment because it had jurisdiction at the time 

Appellee filed the complaint, where she sought in good faith, damages in 

excess of $15,000. Consequently, the subsequent motion to vacate was 

without merit. 

1 While this means a circuit court has jurisdiction to enter a judgment for $15,000

or less (assuming a good-faith demand in the complaint), “notwithstanding the 

bona fides of the plaintiff’s demand at the time of institution of suit, as a matter 

of judicial power the county court is precluded from entering a judgment for 

damages in excess of its mandated jurisdiction.” White v. Marine Transp. Lines, 

Inc., 372 So. 2d 81, 84 (Fla. 1979) (emphasis added); accord Bogdanoff, 154 So. 

3d at 411.
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Affirmed.

WARNER, J., concurs.

GROSS, J., concurs in result.

* * *

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.