UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

CASE NO.: 1:22-cv-22961-GAYLES/TORRES

MICHAEL MURPHY,

Plaintiff, 

v.

MSC CRUISES, S.A.,

Defendant.

_______________________/

ORDER

THIS CAUSE comes before the Court upon Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss (the 

“Motion”). [ECF No. 6]. The Court has reviewed the Motion and the record and is otherwise fully 

advised. For the reasons that follow, the Motion is GRANTED.

BACKGROUND1

Plaintiff Michael Murphy filed this action on September 16, 2022, based on injuries he

sustained while aboard the MSC Divina owned and operated by Defendant MSC Cruises, S.A.

(“Defendant”). [ECF No. 1]. Plaintiff alleges that, on April 25, 2022, he was on the fourteenth

floor of the Divina and slipped and fell on a wet and slippery surface. Id. ¶ 14. Plaintiff does not 

describe the specific location or circumstances of his fall.

Plaintiff alleges a list of “risk creating conditions” that caused him to fall, including a 

foreign substance on the floor, the floor lacking adequate slip resistant material, the lack of 

reasonable safety measures, the lack of drainage on the floor or that drainage was inadequate, the 

1 As the Court proceeds on a motion to dismiss, it accepts the allegations in Plaintiff’s Complaint as true. See Brooks 

v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Fla. Inc., 116 F.3d 1364, 1369 (11th Cir. 1997) (per curiam). 

Case 1:22-cv-22961-DPG Document 27 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/23/2023 Page 1 of 4
2

lack of policies regarding use of slip-resistant footwear in the subject area, the lack of a rug/carpet 

on the subject surface, the lack of adequate air blowers, crew members squeegeeing the area, and/or 

other reasonable measures to keep the area dry, and other dangerous conditions that purportedly 

would be revealed during discovery (the “Risk Creating Conditions”). Id. ¶ 16. Plaintiff also 

alleges that Defendant had actual or constructive notice of the Risk Creating Conditions because 

(a) Plaintiff did not observe anyone spill anything in the location where he slipped for at least ten 

minutes prior to the accident; (b) Plaintiff observed a crewmember in the subject areas at the time 

of the incident who appeared to be responsible for keeping the area safe; (c) Defendant participated 

in the installation and/or design of the area; (d) before and after the accident, Defendant installed 

and/or refitted a rug or carpet in the area; (e) before and after the accident, Defendant installed 

and/or refitted similar surfaces on the subject ship and other ships that were less slippery; (f) there 

were relevant safety standards regarding the safety of the subject area; (g) Defendant inspected the 

subject areas or failed to adequately inspect the subject area; (h) previous passengers suffered slip 

and fall incidents involving similar surfaces on the Divina and other ships; and (i) other reasons 

that will be revealed during discovery. Id. ¶ 18. 

The Complaint asserts six (6) counts against Defendant: negligent failure to inspect (Count 

I), negligent failure to maintain (Count II), negligent failure to remedy (Count III), negligent failure 

to warn of dangerous condition (Count IV), negligent design, installation, and approval of the 

subject area and the vicinity (Count V), and negligence for the acts of MSC’s crew, staff, 

employees, and/or agents, based on vicarious liability (Count VI). Id. Defendant now moves to 

dismiss for failure to state a claim. [ECF No. 6]. 

Case 1:22-cv-22961-DPG Document 27 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/23/2023 Page 2 of 4
3

LEGAL STANDARD

To survive a motion to dismiss brought pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure

12(b)(6), a claim “must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief 

that is plausible on its face,’” meaning that it must contain “factual content that allows the court to 

draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. 

Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). 

While a court must accept well-pleaded factual allegations as true, “conclusory allegations . . . are 

not entitled to an assumption of truth—legal conclusions must be supported by factual allegations.”

Randall v. Scott, 610 F.3d 701, 709–10 (11th Cir. 2010). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a 

cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 

Therefore, a complaint that merely presents “labels and conclusions or a formulaic recitation of 

the elements of a cause of action” will not survive dismissal. Id. (internal quotation omitted).

ANALYSIS

The Court finds that the Complaint is deficient. Plaintiff alleges, with little detail, that he 

fell on a wet and slippery surface on the fourteenth floor of the Divina. However, there is nothing 

in the Complaint to indicate the location, type of flooring, or conditions that caused Plaintiff’s 

fall.

2 As a result, Defendant does not have adequate notice of the claims against it and the Court 

cannot evaluate the sufficiency of any of Plaintiff’s claims. Indeed, the determination of whether 

Defendant had notice of the multitude of risk creating conditions set forth in the Complaint, or 

whether the hazard was open and obvious to Plaintiff, may depend on the specific location and 

2 While Plaintiff argues in its response to the Motion that the accident took place near the pool area, [ECF No. 11], 

the Court cannot consider allegations outside of the four corners of the Complaint when ruling on a motion to dismiss.

Wilchombe v. TeeVee Toons, Inc., 555 F.3d 949, 959 (11th Cir. 2009) (“A court’s review on a motion to dismiss is 

limited to the four corners of the complaint.”) (internal quotation omitted).

Case 1:22-cv-22961-DPG Document 27 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/23/2023 Page 3 of 4
4

circumstances of Plaintiff’s fall. Accordingly, the Complaint shall be dismissed for failure to state 

a claim.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, it is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED as follows:

1. Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, [ECF No. 6], is GRANTED.

2. Plaintiff’s Complaint [ECF No. 1] is DISMISSED without prejudice. 

3. Plaintiff may move for leave to amend his Complaint on or before August 30, 2023.

DONE AND ORDERED in Chambers at Miami, Florida, this 23rd day of August, 2023.

________________________________

DARRIN P. GAYLES

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Case 1:22-cv-22961-DPG Document 27 Entered on FLSD Docket 08/23/2023 Page 4 of 4