Cellulosic Content of Various Feedstocks Spreadsheet – for the docket

Air and Radiation Docket EPA‐HQ‐OAR‐2012‐0401

20‐May‐13

This spreadsheet shows the calculations used to adjust cellulosic

content of different feedstocks starting with the numbers reported in

the literature and ending with the values used by EPA.  These

adjustments are described in more detail in the memo to the docket

("Cellulosic Content of Various Feedstocks").
Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

Inorganics

(Ash)

Adjusted

Cellulosic

Composition Source

Corn Stover

80% 10% 12% 89% DOE Database

71% 19% 6% 79% Templeton et al. (2009)

72% 20% 5% 78% Templeton et al. (2010)

83% 11% 6% 88% Lee et al. (2007)

77% 15% 7% 84%

Wheat Straw

74% 17% 10% 81% DOE Database

83% 7% 9% 92% NREL email

82% 12% 6% 87% Lee et al. (2007)

80% 12% 9% 87%

Other crop residues

Rice Straw 74% n.d. 15% 86% Guo et al. (2009)

Sugarcane Bagasse 90% n.d. 8% 98% Guo et al. (2009)

Sugarcane Bagasse 92% 6% 4% 94% Templeton et al. (2010)

Soybean Straw 65%* 29%* 6% 69%* Lee et al. (2007)

Rye Straw 65%* 29%* 6% 69%* Lee et al. (2007)

Barley Straw 91%* ‐2%* 11% 102%* Lee et al. (2007)

77% 14% 9% 90%

*Acid detergent lignin was adjusted to an estimated value for total lignin by multiplying by 1.3 for soybeans (a legume) or by 3 for rye and barley (types of grass) using the factors established in Lee et

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

Inorganics

(Ash)

Adjusted

Cellulosic

Composition Source

Grasses

Switchgrass

79% 17% 5% 82% DOE Database

75% 15% 6% 83% NREL email

71% 13% 7% 85% Dien et al. (2006)

85% 9% 6% 90% Lee et al. (2007)

77% 14% 6% 85%

Miscanthus

85% n.d. 4% 89% Guo et al. (2009)

86% 12% 2% 88% Lee et al. (2007)

77% n.d. 1% 78% Villaverde et al. (2010)

83% 12% 2% 85%

Other grasses

Giant reed 83.5 n.d. 3.7 87% Scordia et al. (2011)

Energy cane 75.2 19.6 5.2 79% BP Biofuels

Napiergrass 83.4 13.1 3.5 86% BP Biofuels

Reed Canarygrass 58% 21% 11% 73% Dien et al. (2006)

Reed Canarygrass 66%* 26%* 8% 72%* Lee et al. (2007)

Big Bluestem 83% 11% 6% 88% Lee et al. (2007)

Tall Fescue 64% 25% 11% 72% Lee et al. (2007)

Indiangrass 86%* 6%* 8% 93%* Lee et al. (2007)

Little Bluestem (66%)† (27%)† 7% (71%)† Lee et al. (2007)

Prarie Cordgrass 92%* 2%* 6% 98%* Lee et al. (2007)

82%* 12%* 6% 87%* Lee et al. (2007)

Smooth Bromegrass 86%* 6%* 8% 93%* Lee et al. (2007)

Timothy 73%* 21%* 6% 78%* Lee et al. (2007)

78% 15% 7% 81%

*Acid detergent lignin (ADL) was adjusted to an estimated value for total lignin by multiplying by 3.  Total lignin for grasses is generally 2‐4 times ADL, so we used an average value for this estimate.  Th

†Lignin was not measured for this sample, so these values are much lower than the true value.  This sample was not used in calculating the average for grasses

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

Inorganics

(Ash)

Adjusted

Cellulosic

Composition Source

Black Locust 88% 8% 3% 92% DOE Database

Eucalyptus 94% 3% 1% 97% DOE Database

Eucalyptus 83% n.d. 0% 83% Wang et al. (2007)

Hybrid Poplar 89% 4% 1% 96% DOE Database

American Sycamore 87% 4% 1% 96% DOE Database

Eastern Cottonwood 88% 3% 1% 97% DOE Database

Yellow Poplar 89% 3% 2% 97% DOE Database

Red Oak 84% n.d. 0% 84% Wang et al. (2007)

Monterey Pine 91% 3% 0% 97% DOE Database

Radiata Pine 88% n.d. 1% 89% Wang et al. (2007)

Spruce 90% n.d. 2% 91% Wang et al. (2007)

Branches 86% n.d. 3% 89% Eleazer et al. (1997)

Branches 70% n.d. 18% 86% Komilis and Ham (2003)

88% 4% 1% 92%

Leaves 86% n.d. 3% 89% Eleazer et al. (1997)

Leaves 47% n.d. 37% 74% Komilis and Ham (2003)

Leaves Average 67% n.d. 20% 82%

Reported Composition

Reported Composition

Reported Composition

Other Grasses Average

Switchgrass Average

Miscanthus Average

Intermediate Wheatgrass

Wood, Tree Branches & Leaves

Crop Residue

Wood & Branches Average

Wheat Straw Average

Crop Residue Average

Corn Stover Average
al. (2007).  These adjusted values were not used in calculating the average

hese values were not used in calculating the average
Corn Stover ‐ Data from Templeton et al. (2009) Reference: Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS, David W. Templeton, Amie D. Sluiter, Tammy K. Hayward, Bonnie R. Hames, Steven R. Thomas, Cellulose 2009 16:621‐639

Samples: collected from 47 sites in 8 corn belt states after the 2001, 2002, and 2003 harvests

508 commercial hybrid corn stover samples

Analytical M Near‐infrared spectroscopy/partial least squares multivariate modeling, calibrated with standard NREL Laboratory Analytical Prodedures (LAPs)

Use in Memo to demonstrate variability and EPA approach

Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin

Reported: Used: Reported: Used: Reported: Used:

Glucan

Total

Cellulose Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetyl

Total Hemi‐

cellulose Lignin

Total

Lignin

Average 31.9 31.9 18.9 1.5 2.8 0.3 2.2 25.7 13.3 13.3

Std. Dev. 2.0 2.0 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.1

Range 26.5‐37.6 14.8‐22.7 0.8‐1.9 1.6‐3.6 0.0‐0.7 0.9‐2.9 11.2‐17.8

Extractives Other Percent Recovery

Reported: Used: Reported: Used: Used: Reported: Used:

Ethanol

solubles Sucrose

Water‐

extractible

(other)

Total

extrac‐

tives

(organic) Protein Protein

Extract‐

ible

inorganics

(soil)

Structural

inorganics

(ash)

Total

inorganics

Compone

nt Closure

%

Recovery

Average 3.3 3.6 8.6 15.5 3.7 3.7 2.5 3.9 6.4 96.4 96.4

Std. Dev. 0.4 2.1 2.3 3.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.6

Range 1.7‐4.1 ‐1.0‐10.0 1.4‐15.7 1.1‐5.4 0.0‐4.8 0.8‐6.6

Cellulosic Composition

Cellulosic

Compon‐

ents

Other

Organics

Inorganics

(Ash)

Adjusted

Cellulosic

Composi‐

tion

Average 70.9 19.2 6.4 78.6

Std. Dev. 2.7 3.2 1.0 3.3

Average Std. Dev. Range

Propogation of errors  was used to calculate standard deviation for hemicellulose, extractives, total inorganics, and adjusted cellulosics Cellulose

Reported: Glucan 31.9 2.0 26.5‐37.6

Used: Total Cellulose 31.9 2.0

Hemicellulose

Reported: Xylan 18.9 1.3 14.8‐22.7

Galactan 1.5 0.2 0.8‐1.9

Arabinan 2.8 0.3 1.6‐3.6

Mannan 0.3 0.1 0.0‐0.7

Acetyl 2.2 0.3 0.9‐2.9

Used: Total Hemicellulose 25.7 1.4

Lignin

Reported: Lignin 13.3 1.1 11.2‐17.8

Used: Total Lignin 13.3 1.1

Extractives

Reported: Ethanol solubles 3.3 0.4 1.7‐4.1

Sucrose 3.6 2.1 ‐1.0‐10.0

Water‐extractible (other) 8.6 2.3 1.4‐15.7

Used: Total extractives (organic) 15.5 3.1

Protein

Reported: Protein 3.7 0.8 1.1‐5.4

Used: Protein 3.7 0.8

Inorganics/Ash

Extractible inorganics (soil) 2.5 0.5 0.0‐4.8

Structural inorganics (ash) 3.9 0.9 0.8‐6.6

Used: Total inorganics 6.4 1.0

Percent Recovery

Reported: Component closure 96.4 1.6

Used: % Recovery 96.4 1.6

Cellulosic Composition

Cellulosic Components 70.9 2.7

Other Organics 19.2 3.2

Inorganics (Ash) 6.4 1.0

Adjusted Cellulosic Composition 78.6 3.3
Energycane & Napiergrass ‐ Data from BP

Reference: Data from Company Research Trials

Samples: Multiple trial plots taken over a range of geographies and multiple years

Analytical Method: Methods not specified

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose Hemicellulos

Reported in papCalculated: Reported in Calculated: Reported in

Total

extractives Cellulose

Energycane

Napiergrass

Detailed compositional data for energy cane and napiergrass was not provided

Total (% Composition)

Reported

"Fiber"

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Energycane 75.2 19.6 5.2 100

Napiergrass 83.4 13.1 3.5 100

Samples were not adjusted for % recovery because numbers had already been adjusted to 100% yield

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

Energycane 79% 21%

Napiergrass 86% 14%
se Lignin Other

Calculated: Reported in papReported in paper:

Total

hemicellulo

se
Switchgrass and reed canarygrass ‐ Data from Dien et al. (2006)

Reference: Chemical Composition and Response to Dilute‐acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic

Samples: two canary grass, three switchgrass samples

samples collected at different stages of maturity

Analytical Method: ethanol, water extractions, sulfuric acid‐hydrolysis

Percent Composition

Extractables

Reported in Paper:

Ether

extract

organic

acids Glc Fru Suc Raf Sta

Reed canarygrass ‐ vegit 2.2 2.4 0.4 0.5 6.9 0.3 0

Reed canarygrass ‐ Ripe 1.3 1 0.2 1.2 3 0 0.1

Reed canarygrass ‐ AVERAGE

Switchgrass ‐ pre‐boot 1 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.7 0.1 0

Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 1 0.9 1.4 1 5.1 0.1 0

Switchgrass ‐ post‐frost 1.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.3 0 0

Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Reed canarygrass ‐ vegit 51.1 25 12.8 88.9

Reed canarygrass ‐ Ripe 64.6 16.7 9.5 90.8

Reed canarygrass ‐ AVER 57.9 20.9 11.2 89.9

Switchgrass ‐ pre‐boot 65.7 12.9 8.9 87.5

Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 69.4 16.6 5.7 91.7

Switchgrass ‐ post‐frost 78.9 8.3 5.7 92.9

Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE 71.3 12.6 6.8 90.7

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Reed canarygrass ‐ vegit 57.5 28.1 14.4

Reed canarygrass ‐ Ripe 71.1 18.4 10.5

Reed canarygrass ‐ AVER 64.3 23.3 12.4

Switchgrass ‐ pre‐boot 75.1 14.7 10.2

Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 75.7 18.1 6.2
Switchgrass ‐ post‐frost 84.9 8.9 6.1

Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE 78.6 13.9 7.5

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Reed canarygrass ‐ vegit 67% 33%

Reed canarygrass ‐ Ripe 79% 21%

Reed canarygrass ‐ AVER 73% 27%

Switchgrass ‐ pre‐boot 84% 16%

Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 81% 19%

Switchgrass ‐ post‐frost 90% 10%

Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE 85% 15%
Saccharification of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, and Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans‐Joachim G. Jung, Kenn

Cellulose Hemicellulose

Calculated: Reported inCalculated: Reported in paper

Total

extractabl

es Glucose Cellulose Xylose Arabinose Galactose Mannose

12.7 20.9 20.9 11.7 3 1.6 0.6

6.8 26.5 26.5 16.3 2.8 1.3 0.6

5.9 27.3 27.3 17.9 3.1 1.3 0.5

9.5 28.3 28.3 19.5 2.7 1 0.4

4.6 32.2 32.2 22.3 3 1.2 0.5
neth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, JoAnn F.S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert B. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath, Biomas

Lignin Other

Calculated: Reported in paper Reported in paper:

Rhamnose Fucose

uronic

acids

Total

hemicellul

ose

Klason

Lignin Protein

Storage

(starch)

0.1 0.1 2.2 19.3 10.9 8.8 3.5

0.1 0.1 2.1 23.3 14.8 4.5 5.4

0

0.2 0.1 2 25.1 13.3 6.5 0.5

0.1 0.1 1.9 25.7 15.4 3.2 3.9

0.2 0.1 2.1 29.4 17.3 3 0.7

0
s and Bioenergy, 30 (2006) 880‐891

inorganics

(ash)

12.8

9.5

8.9

5.7

5.7
Giant reed (Arundo Donax) ‐ Data from Scordia et al. (2011)

Reference: Scordia, Danilo, Salvatore L. Sosentino, Jae‐Won Lee, and Thomas W. Jeffries (20

Samples: one sample from wild giant reed

Analytical Method: sulfuric acid hydrolysis

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in papCalculated: Reported in Calculated:

Total

extractives Glucan Cellulose

Giant reed 35.7 35.7

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

83.5 0 3.7 87.2

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein or extractives, so

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

87%
011) Dilute oxalic acid pretreatment for biorefining giant reed (Arundo donax L.). Biomass and Bioenerg

Hemicellulose Lignin

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in

Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan

Acetyl

groups

Total

hemicellulo

se

Klason

Lignin

18.6 0.6 1.6 0.2 4.5 25.5 22.3

the value for "other organics" is not valid
gy, 35, 3018‐3024.

Other

paper Reported in paper:

Protein Ash

3.7
Wheat Straw & Switchgrass ‐ Data from NREL

Reference: Email message from Mary Biddy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Nationa

Samples: 13 samples of wheat straw, 58 of switchgrass

Analytical Method: NREL Methods

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated: Reported inCalculated:

Extractives

soluble

solids

Total

organics Cellulose Cellulose

Wheat Straw 6.53 0 6.53 36.29 36.29

Switchgrass 11.35 3.76 11.35 31.42 31.42

Soluble solids were added by NREL for mass balance.  EPA eliminated

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Component

s

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Wheat Straw 83.34 7.25 9.41 100

Switchgrass 74.93 15.34 5.96 96.23

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Component

s

Other

Organics Inorganics

Wheat Straw 83.3 7.3 9.4

Switchgrass 77.9 15.9 6.2

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Component

s

Other

Organics

Wheat Straw 92% 8%

Switchgrass 83% 17%
l Bioenergy Center, on January 4, 2013

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper Reported in

Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetate

Total

hemicellul

ose Lignin Protein

20.89 0.88 2.49 0 2.37 26.63 20.42 0.72

18.73 1.24 2.49 0.19 1.81 24.46 19.05 3.99

d them from the analysis and adjusted for % recovery at the end.
n paper:

inorganics

(ash)

9.41

5.96
Many Feedstocks, summarized in Lee et al. (2007)

Reference: Composition of Herbaceous Biomass Feedstocks.  DoKyoung Lee, Vance N. Owens, Arvid Boe, and Peter Jeranyama (2007).  Report sponsored by Sun Grant Initiative

Samples: Compilation of data from dozens of studies

Analytical Method: carbohydrates: individual sugar analysis or fiber analysis; lignin: ASTM methods

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Other

Reported in paper Reported in paper Reported in paper Reported in paper:

Cellulose

Total

hemicellu

lose Lignin

Acid‐

detergent

lignin

Adjusted

grass

lignin

(low)

Adjusted

grass

lignin

(high) lignin* Protein

inorganics

(ash)

Crop residues

corn stover 38 26 19 19 5 6

soybean 33 14 14 18 5 6

wheat straw 38 29 15 15 4 6

rye straw 31 25 3 9 3 6

barley straw 42 28 7 21 7 11

Grasses

switchgrass 37 29 19 19 3 6

big bluestem 37 28 18 18 6 6

indiangrass 39 29 6 12 24 18 3 8

little bluestem 35 31 7

prairie cordgrass 41 33 6 12 24 18 3 6

miscanthus 43 24 19 19 3 2

termediate wheatgrass 35 29 6 12 24 18 3 6

reed canarygrass 24 36 248 6 10 8

smooth bromegrass 32 36 6 12 24 18 14 8

timothy 28 30 5 10 20 15 7 6

tall fescue 25 25 14 14 13 11

Note: samples in gray reported ADL lignin, and we adjusted these values as described.

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Crop residues

corn stover 83 11 6

soybean 65 28.8 6

wheat straw 82 12 6

rye straw 65 29 6

barley straw 91 ‐2 11

Grasses

switchgrass 85 9 6

big bluestem 83 11 6

indiangrass 86 6 8

little bluestem 66 27 7

prairie cordgrass 92 2 6

miscanthus 86 12 2

*When acid‐detergent lignin was reported, we followed the approach described in Lee et

al. to adjust this number  to be comparable to total lignin:

‐‐For grasses, we multiplied the ADL number by 3 (total lignin is 2‐4 times higher than

ADL lignin for grasses)

‐‐For everything else, we multiplied the ADL by 1.3 (total lignin is 30% higher than ADL

termediate wheatgrass 82 12 6

reed canarygrass 66 26 8

smooth bromegrass 86 6 8

timothy 73 21 6

tall fescue 64 25 11

Samples were not adjusted for % recovery because this wasn’t reported.

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

grasses

(low

lignin)

grasses

(high

lignin)

Crop residues

corn stover 88%

soybean 69%

wheat straw 87%

rye straw 69%

barley straw 102%

Grasses

switchgrass 90%

big bluestem 88%

indiangrass 93% 0% 0%

little bluestem 71%

prairie cordgrass 98% 0% 0%

miscanthus 88%

termediate wheatgrass 87% 0% 0%

reed canarygrass 72% 0% 0%

smooth bromegrass 93% 0% 0%

timothy 78% 0% 0%

tall fescue 72% grasses average 84%
Hardwood & Softwood ‐ Data from DOE Database

Reference: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/biomass/progs/search1.cgi

Samples: #1 Adam, P.; Ashley, P.; Chum, H.; Deutch, S.; Fennell, J.; Johnson, D. K.;

#2 Variability in the Composition of Short Rotation Woody Feedstocks (h

#3 Agblevor, F. A.; Chum, H. L.; Johnson, D. K. (1993). "Compositional An

#4 NREL TRB #1548p104

Analytical Method: ASTM/NREL methodology

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported Reported inCalculated:

Extractive

s

Total

Extractive

s

Glucan

Cellulose

Black Locust 3.87 3.87 40.38 40.38

Black Locust 4.21 4.21 40 40

Black Locust 4.59 4.59 42.62 42.62

Black Locust 4.81 4.81 41.45 41.45

Black Locust 6.13 6.13 39.26 39.26

Black Locust 5.32 5.32 39.79 39.79

Black Locust 3.78 3.78 42.09 42.09

Black Locust 7.33 7.33 36.4 36.4

Eucalyptus 4.15 4.15 48.07 48.07

Eucalyptus 0.62 0.62 50.27 50.27

Eucalyptus 0.8 0.8 49.05 49.05

Eucalyptus 2.11 2.11 46.64 46.64

Hybrid Poplar 6.89 6.89 39.23 39.23

Hybrid Poplar 6.54 6.54 41.05 41.05

Hybrid Poplar 6.8 6.8 40.52 40.52

Hybrid Poplar 2.31 2.31 42.86 42.86

Hybrid Poplar 3.44 3.44 41.47 41.47

Hybrid Poplar 4.81 4.81 41.18 41.18

Hybrid Poplar 2.51 2.51 41.13 41.13

Hybrid Poplar 3.29 3.29 42.39 42.39

Hybrid Poplar 3.35 3.35 40.25 40.25

Hybrid Poplar 2.09 2.09 43.72 43.72

Hybrid Poplar 3.14 3.14 42.18 42.18

Hybrid Poplar 4.47 4.47 45.08 45.08

Hybrid Poplar 4.08 4.08 43.67 43.67

Hybrid Poplar 1.62 1.62 43.14 43.14

Hybrid Poplar 2.94 2.94 42.85 42.85

Hybrid Poplar 3.22 3.22 44.65 44.65

Hybrid Poplar 3.07 3.07 43.65 43.65
Hybrid Poplar 3.74 3.74 47.32 47.32

Hybrid Poplar 2.62 2.62 45.52 45.52

Hybrid Poplar 2.34 2.34 45.67 45.67

Hybrid Poplar 2.07 2.07 40.8 40.8

American Sycamore 5.49 5.49 38.6 38.6

American Sycamore 2.98 2.98 39.25 39.25

American Sycamore 3.17 3.17 37.24 37.24

American Sycamore 1.73 1.73 41.6 41.6

American Sycamore 1.62 1.62 41.75 41.75

Eastern Cottonwood

(Populus Deltoides) 2.4 2.4 42.2 42.2

yellow Poplar 2.81 2.81 42.06 42.06

Monterey Pine (Pinus

Radiata) 2.7 2.7 41.7 41.7

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Black Locust 90.4 7.245 2.08 99.725

Black Locust 91.62 4.21 1.64 97.47

Black Locust 88.15 7.465 1.61 97.225

Black Locust 89.83 4.81 1.53 96.17

Black Locust 85 10.5675 1.77 97.3375

Black Locust 88.67 8.2575 1.05 97.9775

Black Locust 91.01 6.9675 1.19 99.1675

Black Locust 78.48 12.83 9.68 100.99

Average black locust 87.9 7.8 2.6 98.3

Eucalyptus 91.74 4.4625 1.22 97.4225

Eucalyptus 96.69 0.995 0.62 98.305

Eucalyptus 95.49 0.8 0.59 96.88

Eucalyptus 93.37 5.235 1.09 99.695

Average Eucalyptus 94.3 2.9 0.9 98.1

Hybrid Poplar 85.37 10.14 2.03 97.54

Hybrid Poplar 83.72 8.04 1.57 93.33

Hybrid Poplar 82.56 6.8 1.31 90.67

Hybrid Poplar 92.87 3.4975 2.43 98.7975

Hybrid Poplar 88.25 4.815 2.03 95.095

Hybrid Poplar 87.36 5.9975 1.92 95.2775

Hybrid Poplar 91.88 4.0725 1.94 97.8925

Hybrid Poplar 92.46 4.4775 1.31 98.2475

Hybrid Poplar 85.97 3.35 0.56 89.88

Hybrid Poplar 89.05 2.09 0.8 91.94

Hybrid Poplar 86.81 3.14 0.81 90.76
Hybrid Poplar 86.94 4.47 0.56 91.97

Hybrid Poplar 87.72 4.08 0.94 92.74

Hybrid Poplar 89.02 1.62 0.63 91.27

Hybrid Poplar 88.22 2.94 0.72 91.88

Hybrid Poplar 91.15 3.22 0.85 95.22

Hybrid Poplar 89.96 3.07 0.77 93.8

Hybrid Poplar 89.05 3.74 0.52 93.31

Hybrid Poplar 89.85 2.62 0.69 93.16

Hybrid Poplar 90.21 2.34 0.68 93.23

Hybrid Poplar 91.78 2.07 0.43 94.28

Average hybrid poplar 88.6 4.1 1.1 93.8

American Sycamore 85.41 7.0525 1.24 93.7025

American Sycamore 89.11 4.6675 1.23 95.0075

American Sycamore 84.1 3.17 1.56 88.83

American Sycamore 88.85 3.0425 0.67 92.5625

American Sycamore 85.53 1.62 1.05 88.2

Average Sycamore 86.6 3.9 1.2 91.7

Eastern Cottonwood (Po 88 2.9 1 91.9

yellow Poplar 89.42 2.81 1.88 94.11

Monterey Pine (Pinus Ra 90.6 2.8875 0.3 93.7875

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Black Locust 90.65 7.26 2.09

Black Locust 94.00 4.32 1.68

Black Locust 90.67 7.68 1.66

Black Locust 93.41 5.00 1.59

Black Locust 87.33 10.86 1.82

Black Locust 90.50 8.43 1.07

Black Locust 91.77 7.03 1.20

Black Locust 77.71 12.70 9.59

Eucalyptus 94.17 4.58 1.25

Eucalyptus 98.36 1.01 0.63

Eucalyptus 98.57 0.83 0.61

Eucalyptus 93.66 5.25 1.09

Hybrid Poplar 87.52 10.40 2.08

Hybrid Poplar 89.70 8.61 1.68

Hybrid Poplar 91.06 7.50 1.44

Hybrid Poplar 94.00 3.54 2.46

Hybrid Poplar 92.80 5.06 2.13

Hybrid Poplar 91.69 6.29 2.02

Hybrid Poplar 93.86 4.16 1.98

Hybrid Poplar 94.11 4.56 1.33
Hybrid Poplar 95.65 3.73 0.62

Hybrid Poplar 96.86 2.27 0.87

Hybrid Poplar 95.65 3.46 0.89

Hybrid Poplar 94.53 4.86 0.61

Hybrid Poplar 94.59 4.40 1.01

Hybrid Poplar 97.53 1.77 0.69

Hybrid Poplar 96.02 3.20 0.78

Hybrid Poplar 95.73 3.38 0.89

Hybrid Poplar 95.91 3.27 0.82

Hybrid Poplar 95.43 4.01 0.56

Hybrid Poplar 96.45 2.81 0.74

Hybrid Poplar 96.76 2.51 0.73

Hybrid Poplar 97.35 2.20 0.46

American Sycamore 91.15 7.53 1.32

American Sycamore 93.79 4.91 1.29

American Sycamore 94.68 3.57 1.76

American Sycamore 95.99 3.29 0.72

American Sycamore 96.97 1.84 1.19

Eastern Cottonwood (Po 95.76 3.16 1.09

yellow Poplar 95.02 2.99 2.00

Monterey Pine (Pinus Ra 96.60 3.08 0.32

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Black Locust 93% 7%

Black Locust 96% 4%

Black Locust 92% 8%

Black Locust 95% 5%

Black Locust 89% 11%

Black Locust 91% 9%

Black Locust 93% 7%

Black Locust 86% 14%

Average Black Locust 92% 8%

Eucalyptus 95% 5%

Eucalyptus 99% 1%

Eucalyptus 99% 1%

Eucalyptus 95% 5%

Average Eucalyptus 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 89% 11%

Hybrid Poplar 91% 9%

Hybrid Poplar 92% 8%

Hybrid Poplar 96% 4%

Hybrid Poplar 95% 5%
Hybrid Poplar 94% 6%

Hybrid Poplar 96% 4%

Hybrid Poplar 95% 5%

Hybrid Poplar 96% 4%

Hybrid Poplar 98% 2%

Hybrid Poplar 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 95% 5%

Hybrid Poplar 96% 4%

Hybrid Poplar 98% 2%

Hybrid Poplar 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 96% 4%

Hybrid Poplar 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 97% 3%

Hybrid Poplar 98% 2%

Average hybrid poplar 96% 4%

American Sycamore 92% 8%

American Sycamore 95% 5%

American Sycamore 96% 4%

American Sycamore 97% 3%

American Sycamore 98% 2%

Average Sycamore 96% 4%

Eastern Cottonwood (Po 97% 3%

yellow Poplar 97% 3%

Monterey Pine (Pinus Ra 97% 3%
; Wiselogel, A. (1994). "Study of Compositional Changes in Biomass Feedstocks Upon Storage (Results)." S

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/8098_pt1.pdf)

nalysis of NIST Biomass Standards from the IEA Whole Feedstock Round Robin." Energy from Biomass and

Hemicellulose Lignin

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Uronic

acids Arabinan Xylan Mannan Galactan

Total

hemicellul

ose

Total

Lignin

3.89 0.74 14 2.07 0.77 21.47 28.55

5.04 0.85 14.7 2.09 0.84 23.52 28.1

3.26 0.82 15.02 1.62 0.94 21.66 23.87

5.12 0.79 15.59 1.61 0.87 23.98 24.4

3.92 0.95 13.2 1.5 0.99 20.56 25.18

4.03 0.94 14.75 1.55 0.99 22.26 26.62

4.04 0.81 15.14 1.45 1.01 22.45 26.47

2.86 3 18.03 0.58 1.01 25.48 16.6

4.07 0.3 10.42 1.23 0.74 16.76 26.91

4.21 0.4 11.85 1.09 1.07 18.62 27.8

4.17 0.45 12.21 0.9 0.88 18.61 27.83

4.45 0.39 11.76 0.92 1.05 18.57 28.16

4.31 0.89 13.07 1.81 0.88 20.96 25.18

1.36 0.75 13.37 2.02 0.89 18.39 24.28

1.1 14.18 1.85 0.92 18.05 23.99

3.11 1.19 16.95 1.42 0.7 23.37 26.64

4.26 0.94 13 1.73 0.98 20.91 25.87

4.6 0.77 12.83 2.18 0.84 21.22 24.96

4.69 0.67 14.52 1.99 0.83 22.7 28.05

4.67 0.69 15.17 2.2 0.91 23.64 26.43

0.59 17.61 3.07 0.71 21.98 23.74

0.59 17.37 2.91 0.59 21.46 23.87

0.58 17.31 2.72 0.68 21.29 23.34

0.66 15.98 3.03 0.65 20.32 21.54

0.54 16.55 2.77 0.65 20.51 23.54

0.63 17.65 2.87 0.75 21.9 23.98

0.52 17.4 2.63 0.81 21.36 24.01

0.59 18.55 2.63 0.82 22.59 23.91

0.54 18.71 3.25 0.74 23.24 23.07
0.56 16.55 2.81 0.72 20.64 21.09

0.41 16.97 2.71 0.66 20.75 23.58

0.48 17.26 2.75 0.68 21.17 23.37

4.6 0.46 15.7 2.38 0.67 23.81 27.17

4.93 0.5 14.38 1.8 1.1 22.71 24.1

4.11 0.49 15.47 1.67 1 22.74 27.12

0.51 16.33 1.79 0.93 19.56 27.3

4.49 0.5 14.31 1.97 0.8 22.07 25.18

0.47 15.33 2.06 0.88 18.74 25.04

3.6 0.6 13.4 2 0.6 20.2 25.6

5.09 0.45 15.09 2.35 1.03 24.01 23.35

2.5 1.5 5.9 10.7 2.4 23 25.9
Storage and Drying of Woody Biomass: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency/Bioenergy Agreement Task

d Wastes XVI: Proceedings of the Institute of Gas Technology Conference, 2‐6 March 1992, Orlando, Florida. Chicag

Other

Reported in paper:

Protein Ash

Data source

3.375 2.08 #1

1.64 #1

2.875 1.61 #1

1.53 #1

4.4375 1.77 #1

2.9375 1.05 #1

3.1875 1.19 #1

5.5 9.68 #1

0.3125 1.22 #1

0.375 0.62 #1

0.59 #1

3.125 1.09 #1

3.25 2.03 #1

1.5 1.57 #1

1.31 #1

1.1875 2.43 #1

1.375 2.03 #1

1.1875 1.92 #1

1.5625 1.94 #1

1.1875 1.31 #1

0.56 #2

0.8 #2

0.81 #2

0.56 #2

0.94 #2

0.63 #2

0.72 #2

0.85 #2

0.77 #2
0.52 #2

0.69 #2

0.68 #2

0.43 #2

1.5625 1.24 #1

1.6875 1.23 #1

1.56 #1

1.3125 0.67 #1

1.05 #1

0.5 1 #3

1.88 #4

0.1875 0.3 #3
IX Activity 5 Workshop, 19 May 1993, New Brunswick, Canada. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultura

go, IL: Institute of Gas Technology; pp. 395‐421.
al Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Report No. 241; pp. 28‐52.
Branches & leaves ‐ Data from Eleazer et al. (1997)

Reference: Eleazer, William E., William S. Odle, III, Yu‐Sheng Wang, and Morton A. Barlaz (1

Samples: Branches less than 5cm in diameter, leaves and branches were collected from a

Shredded

Analytical Method: unknown (references another published paper)

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated Reported inCalculated:

Ethanol/

toluene ethanol hot water

Total

extractabl

es Cellulose Cellulose

Branches 0 35.4 35.4

Leaves 0 15.3 15.3

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Branches 86.4 3.4 89.8

Leaves 69.6 9.8 79.4

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for "o

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Branches 89%

Leaves 77%
997) Biodegradability of municipal solid waste components in laboratory‐scale landfills. Environmental Scie

compost facility and stored at 4 decress C for 16 days prior to use

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

: Reported in Calculated: Reported inCalculated: Reported inCalculated

Hemicellulo

se

Total

hemicellulo

se Lignin

Total

Lignin

Volatile

solids

inorganics

(ash)

18.4 18.4 32.6 32.6 96.6 3.4

10.5 10.5 43.8 43.8 90.2 9.8

other organics" is not valid
ence & Technology, 31, 911‐917.
Rice Straw, Miscanthus & Bagasse ‐ Data from Guo et al. (2009)

Reference: Characterization of enzymatic saccharification for acid‐pretreated lignocellulosic

Samples: Collected from field near Longtan Taiwan

single sample?

Analytical Method: modified NREL analytical method

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported inCalculated:

Glucose Cellulose

Rice Straw 34.6 34.6

Miscanthus 37.4 37.4

Bagasse 40.7 40.7

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Rice Straw 73.8 0 14.5 88.3

Miscanthus 85 0 4.3 89.3

Bagasse 89.9 0 8.2 98.1

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for "o

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Rice Straw 86%

Miscanthus 89%

Bagasse 98%
c materials with diffeent lignin composition, Gia‐Luen Guo, Deng‐Chieh Hsu, Wen‐Hua Chen, Wei‐Hsi Che

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper Reported in paper:

Xylose Arabinose Acetyl

Total

hemicellul

ose Lignin

inorganics

(ash)

21.3 3.8 1.1 26.2 13 14.5

23.5 3.5 2 29 18.6 4.3

23.6 4.1 2.7 30.4 18.8 8.2

other organics" is not valid
n, Wen‐Song Hwang, Enzyme and Microbial Technology 45 (2009) 80‐87
Branches & leaves ‐ Data from Komilis et al. (2003)

Reference: Komilis, Dmitris, and Robert K. Ham (2003) The effect of lignin and sugars to the

Samples: no sample info

Analytical Method: Not reported in the paper.

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated Reported inCalculated:

fats/lipids

hot water

soluble

matter

Total

extractabl

es Cellulose Cellulose

Leaves 2.59 1.68 4.27 9.48 9.48

Branches 1.04 3.2 4.24 14.71 14.71

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Leaves 46.6 36.7 83.3

Branches 70.47 18.3 88.77

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for "o

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Leaves 74%

Branches 86%
aerobic decomposition of solid wastes. Waste Management, 23, 419‐423.

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

Reported inCalculated: Reported inCalculated: Reported inCalculated

Hemicellul

ose

Total

hemicellulo

se Lignin

Total

Lignin

Volatile

solids

inorganics

(ash)

3.24 3.24 33.88 33.88 63.3 36.7

12.87 12.87 42.89 42.89 81.7 18.3

other organics" is not valid
Switchgrass ‐ Data from DOE Database

Reference: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/biomass/progs/search1.cgi

Samples: #1 Adam, P.; Ashley, P.; Chum, H.; Deutch, S.; Fennell, J.; Johnson, D. K.;

#2 Compositional Variability in Herbaceous Energy Crops (http://www.n

Analytical Method: ASTM/NREL methodology

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported Reported inCalculated:

Extractive

s

Total

Extractive

s

Glucan

Cellulose

Switchgrass 16.99 16.99 30.97 30.97

15.56 15.56 31.85 31.85

15.2 15.2 33.22 33.22

12.97 12.97 34.94 34.94

15.25 15.25 33.03 33.03

10.45 10.45 34.63 34.63

10.82 10.82 33.59 33.59

11.08 11.08 35.34 35.34

9.53 9.53 32.3 32.3

7.88 7.88 32.93 32.93

10.37 10.37 31.41 31.41

6.79 6.79 33.48 33.48

7.86 7.86 33.01 33.01

4.91 4.91 32.92 32.92

14.18 14.18 34.88 34.88

13.97 13.97 35.42 35.42

11.46 11.46 35.39 35.39

14.96 14.96 33.52 33.52

12.2 12.2 34.44 34.44

15.48 15.48 33.59 33.59

13.51 13.51 34.34 34.34

21.19 21.19 28.85 28.85

22.61 22.61 28.02 28.02

24.14 24.14 30.74 30.74

24.21 24.21 26.78 26.78

18.27 18.27 30.27 30.27

16.49 16.49 30.91 30.91

20.57 20.57 27.84 27.84

11.35 11.35 31.6 31.6

14.25 14.25 33.81 33.81

13.31 13.31 36.66 36.66

15.24 15.24 35.69 35.69

16.25 16.25 37.49 37.49
15.56 15.56 33.47 33.47

11.73 11.73 36.9 36.9

13.2 13.2 37 37

11.87 11.87 35.78 35.78

11.71 11.71 36.61 36.61

15.64 15.64 37.14 37.14

16.35 16.35 31.17 31.17

12.5 12.5 32.52 32.52

12.33 12.33 32.77 32.77

10.79 10.79 32.06 32.06

13.8 13.8 33.08 33.08

13.49 13.49 32.81 32.81

8.45 8.45 33.35 33.35

13.31 13.31 32.58 32.58

8.23 8.23 34 34

12.18 12.18 34.02 34.02

6.38 6.38 34.44 34.44

11.09 11.09 34.21 34.21

13.64 13.64 32.89 32.89

12.81 12.81 33.04 33.04

8.96 8.96 33.69 33.69

13.33 13.33 31.27 31.27

7.39 7.39 33.49 33.49

7.33 7.33 33.18 33.18

Total (% Composition) Samples shown in gray font were not analyzed for protein

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Switchgrass 74.08 20.1775 5.76 100.0175

76.89 15.56 6.22 98.67

78.35 15.2 5.63 99.18

82.41 12.97 4.54 99.92

78.22 15.25 5.21 98.68

82.32 10.45 5.33 98.1

81.67 15.2575 5.84 102.7675

83.12 14.5175 5.25 102.8875

79.6 14.9 5.5 100.0

78.62 13.7175 6.07 98.4075

80.51 11.38 5.92 97.81

77.33 14.495 5.93 97.755

81.08 10.9775 5.75 97.8075

79.4 12.6 5.9 97.9
80.52 10.9225 6.16 97.6025

83.22 8.66 6.44 98.32

79.53 16.93 4.76 101.22

81.1 17.5325 5.6 104.2325

82.23 15.335 5.78 103.345

78.69 18.71 5.98 103.38

79.76 16.075 5.91 101.745

78.11 18.855 5.93 102.895

77.89 16.9475 5.74 100.5775

69.41 27.5025 5.47 102.3825

67.09 31.6725 5.69 104.4525

68.75 29.9525 5.17 103.8725

66.9 32.2725 5.67 104.8425

73.71 26.2075 5.69 105.6075

74.26 23.74 5.73 103.73

71.84 29.07 5.44 106.35

81.42 16.1 5.08 102.6

80.61 18.6875 4.46 103.7575

82.51 15.185 3.13 100.825

80.52 18.3025 3.57 102.3925

80.53 18.4375 2.58 101.5475

77.1 20.3 5.2 102.7

80.52 18.81 3.15 102.48

82.84 14.48 3.16 100.48

84.19 15.45 2.77 102.41

85.07 13.8075 2.54 101.4175

85.39 13.5225 2.57 101.4825

83.6 15.2 2.8 101.7

82.91 17.4525 2.27 102.6325

74.13 23.225 6.33 103.685

77.86 18.3125 6.87 103.0425

79.14 18.455 7.52 105.115

76.44 16.79 7.3 100.53

75.87 20.55 6.42 102.84

76.81 19.49 6.25 102.55

77.86 16.3875 7.38 101.6275

76.14 19.935 6.46 102.535

78.97 15.48 7.08 101.53

77.98 18.6175 7.02 103.6175

79.87 12.88 6.71 99.46

79.52 15.6525 6.4 101.5725

78.19 18.9525 5.56 102.7025

78.92 17.4975 5.64 102.0575

80.87 13.835 6.03 100.735

76.65 19.33 5.49 101.47

81.03 12.4525 7.03 100.5125

80.19 12.33 7.55 100.07
Average 78.7 17.4 5.4 101.6

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Switchgrass 74.07 20.17 5.76

77.93 15.77 6.30

79.00 15.33 5.68

82.48 12.98 4.54

79.27 15.45 5.28

83.91 10.65 5.43

79.47 14.85 5.68

80.79 14.11 5.10

79.89 13.94 6.17

82.31 11.63 6.05

79.11 14.83 6.07

82.90 11.22 5.88

82.50 11.19 6.31

84.64 8.81 6.55

78.57 16.73 4.70

77.81 16.82 5.37

79.57 14.84 5.59

76.12 18.10 5.78

78.39 15.80 5.81

75.91 18.32 5.76

77.44 16.85 5.71

67.79 26.86 5.34

64.23 30.32 5.45

66.19 28.84 4.98

63.81 30.78 5.41

69.80 24.82 5.39

71.59 22.89 5.52

67.55 27.33 5.12

79.36 15.69 4.95

77.69 18.01 4.30

81.83 15.06 3.10

78.64 17.87 3.49

79.30 18.16 2.54

78.57 18.35 3.07

82.44 14.41 3.14

82.21 15.09 2.70

83.88 13.61 2.50

84.14 13.32 2.53
80.78 17.00 2.21

71.50 22.40 6.11

75.56 17.77 6.67

75.29 17.56 7.15

76.04 16.70 7.26

73.77 19.98 6.24

74.90 19.01 6.09

76.61 16.13 7.26

74.26 19.44 6.30

77.78 15.25 6.97

75.26 17.97 6.77

80.30 12.95 6.75

78.29 15.41 6.30

76.13 18.45 5.41

77.33 17.14 5.53

80.28 13.73 5.99

75.54 19.05 5.41

80.62 12.39 6.99

80.13 12.32 7.54

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Switchgrass 79% 21%

83% 17%

84% 16%

86% 14%

84% 16%

89% 11%

84% 16%

85% 15%

84% 16%

85% 15%

88% 12%

84% 16%

88% 12%

86% 14%

88% 12%

91% 9%

82% 18%

82% 18%
84% 16%

81% 19%

83% 17%

81% 19%

82% 18%

72% 28%

68% 32%

70% 30%

67% 33%

74% 26%

76% 24%

71% 29%

83% 17%

81% 19%

84% 16%

81% 19%

81% 19%

79% 21%

81% 19%

85% 15%

84% 16%

86% 14%

86% 14%

85% 15%

83% 17%

76% 24%

81% 19%

81% 19%

82% 18%

79% 21%

80% 20%

83% 17%

79% 21%

84% 16%

81% 19%

86% 14%

84% 16%

80% 20%

82% 18%

85% 15%

80% 20%

87% 13%

87% 13%

Average 82% 18%
Wiselogel, A. (1994). "Study of Compositional Changes in Biomass Feedstocks Upon Storage (Results)." St

nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/8098_pt1.pdf)

Hemicellulose Lignin

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Uronic

acids Arabinan Xylan Mannan Galactan

Total

hemicellul

ose

Total

Lignin

1.17 2.75 20.42 0.29 0.92 25.55 17.56

2.12 2.69 21.67 0.22 0.94 27.64 17.4

1.03 2.81 22.13 0.21 0.99 27.17 17.96

1.13 2.85 23.7 0.25 1.01 28.94 18.53

1.05 2.87 22.37 0.23 1.04 27.56 17.63

1.05 2.87 23.22 0.3 1.11 28.55 19.14

1.12 2.91 23.08 0.37 1.15 28.63 19.45

0.99 2.81 23.85 0.27 1.09 29.01 18.77

1.33 2.72 20.88 0.35 1.01 26.29 20.03

1.15 2.75 21.49 0.37 1.04 26.8 20.78

1.18 2.64 21.02 0.35 0.97 26.16 19.76

1.18 2.65 21.49 0.46 1.04 26.82 20.78

1.19 2.74 21.63 0.39 1.06 27.01 20.5

1.17 2.74 22.22 0.55 1.13 27.81 22.49

1.33 2.76 21.83 0.28 0.84 27.04 17.61

2.02 2.67 22.66 0.33 0.88 28.56 17.12

2.15 2.73 22.44 0.39 0.96 28.67 18.17

2.13 2.76 21.74 0.29 0.93 27.85 17.32

2.01 2.73 22.1 0.25 0.87 27.96 17.36

1.88 2.8 22.02 0.19 0.89 27.78 16.74

2.7 22.38 0.27 0.85 26.2 17.35

2.3 3.4 18.72 0.24 1.29 25.95 14.61

2.1 3.24 17.56 0.4 1.22 24.52 14.55

2.37 3.32 17.59 0.28 1.3 24.86 13.15

2.45 3.28 17.89 0.37 1.3 25.29 14.83

2.53 3.54 19.4 0.28 1.36 27.11 16.33

1.64 3.41 19.35 0.36 1.41 26.17 17.18

1.83 3.33 19.05 0.38 2.19 26.78 17.22

1.95 3.66 21.65 0.5 2.08 29.84 19.98

2.43 3.34 20.09 0.46 2.12 28.44 18.36

2.04 2.59 23.98 0.22 0.72 29.55 16.3

2.43 2.65 21.95 0.33 0.82 28.18 16.65

1.93 2.26 21.92 0.19 0.67 26.97 16.07
2.08 2.5 23.49 0.31 0.73 29.11 17.94

1.56 2.5 23.42 0.22 0.61 28.31 17.63

2.32 2.3 23.35 0.31 0.66 28.94 18.25

1.66 2.35 24.92 0.29 1.21 30.43 18.86

1.51 2.44 24.87 0.26 0.85 29.93 18.85

1.76 2.17 21.84 0.36 1.19 27.32 18.45

3.02 21.87 0.25 1.04 26.18 16.78

3.18 23.22 0.2 1.04 27.64 17.7

3.32 23.95 0.36 1 28.63 17.74

3.07 21.79 0.35 1.03 26.24 18.14

3.01 20.93 0.27 1.04 25.25 17.54

2.99 21.15 0.3 1.16 25.6 18.4

2.95 21.05 0.39 0.98 25.37 19.14

3.05 21.85 0.21 0.95 26.06 17.5

3.11 21.25 0.39 1.01 25.76 19.21

3.09 21.75 0.4 1.05 26.29 17.67

2.93 21.17 0.39 0.98 25.47 19.96

3.03 22.91 0.29 1.09 27.32 17.99

3.02 22.65 0.31 1.05 27.03 18.27

3.19 23.27 0.22 1.05 27.73 18.15

3.09 23.75 0.25 0.94 28.03 19.15

3.09 22.54 0.1 1.08 26.81 18.57

3.23 22.96 0.42 1.02 27.63 19.91

3.24 22.33 0.49 1.13 27.19 19.82
orage and Drying of Woody Biomass: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency/Bioenergy Agreem

Other

Reported in paper:

Protein Ash

Data source

3.1875 5.76 #1

6.22 #1

5.63 #1

4.54 #1

5.21 #1

5.33 #1

4.4375 5.84 #1

3.4375 5.25 #1

4.1875 6.07 #1

3.5 5.92 #1

4.125 5.93 #1

4.1875 5.75 #1

3.0625 6.16 #1

3.75 6.44 #1

2.75 4.76 #1

3.5625 5.6 #1

3.875 5.78 #1

3.75 5.98 #1

3.875 5.91 #1

3.375 5.93 #1

3.4375 5.74 #1

6.3125 5.47 #2

9.0625 5.69 #2

5.8125 5.17 #2

8.0625 5.67 #2

7.9375 5.69 #2

7.25 5.73 #2

8.5 5.44 #2

4.75 5.08 #2

4.4375 4.46 #2

1.875 3.13 #2

3.0625 3.57 #2

2.1875 2.58 #2
3.25 3.15 #2

2.75 3.16 #2

2.25 2.77 #2

1.9375 2.54 #2

1.8125 2.57 #2

1.8125 2.27 #2

6.875 6.33 #2

5.8125 6.87 #2

6.125 7.52 #2

6 7.3 #2

6.75 6.42 #2

6 6.25 #2

7.9375 7.38 #2

6.625 6.46 #2

7.25 7.08 #2

6.4375 7.02 #2

6.5 6.71 #2

4.5625 6.4 #2

5.3125 5.56 #2

4.6875 5.64 #2

4.875 6.03 #2

6 5.49 #2

5.0625 7.03 #2

5 7.55 #2
ment Task IX Activity 5 Workshop, 19 May 1993, New Brunswick, Canada. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish Uni
versity of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Report No. 241; pp. 28‐52.
Corn Stover ‐ Data from DOE Database

Reference: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/biomass/progs/search1.cgi

Samples: Corn stover Database cites: Adam, P.; Ashley, P.; Chum, H.; Deutch, S.; Fen

from Colorado State University, stored in square bales

Wheat straw Database cites: Agblevor, F. A.; Chum, H. L.; Johnson, D. K. (19

NIST Research Material 8494

Analytical Method: ASTM/NREL methodology

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported Reported inCalculated:

Extractive

s

Total

Extractive

s

Glucan

Cellulose

Corn Stover 7.74 7.74 34.61 34.61

4.75 4.75 35.82 35.82

11.89 11.89 30.61 30.61

5.16 5.16 35.76 35.76

3.32 3.32 36.51 36.51

4.42 4.42 35.67 35.67

3.89 3.89 37.12 37.12

5.02 5.02 34.02 34.02

4.57 4.57 34.32 34.32

4.29 4.29 35.22 35.22

4.78 4.78 38.12 38.12

5.61 5.61 37.69 37.69

Wheat Straw 12.95 12.95 32.64 32.64

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Corn stover 77.63 11.99 10.24 99.86

80.81 8.4375 9.82 99.0675

71.45 15.89 11.04 98.38

79.24 9.16 11.48 99.88
82.97 7.945 11.42 102.335

79.84 8.2325 11.11 99.1825

81.16 8.4525 12.54 102.1525

79.54 9.395 13.34 102.275

80.53 9.1325 13.46 103.1225

80.61 8.6025 13.51 102.7225

84.2 8.9675 11.53 104.6975

84.55 9.6725 10.06 104.2825

Average 80.21 9.66 11.63

Wheat straw 74.36 16.8875 10.22 101.4675

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Corn Stover 77.74 12.01 10.25

81.57 8.52 9.91

72.63 16.15 11.22

79.34 9.17 11.49

81.08 7.76 11.16

80.50 8.30 11.20

79.45 8.27 12.28

77.77 9.19 13.04

78.09 8.86 13.05

78.47 8.37 13.15

80.42 8.57 11.01

81.08 9.28 9.65

Wheat straw 73.28 16.64 10.07

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Corn Stover 87% 13%

91% 9%

82% 18%

90% 10%

91% 9%

91% 9%

91% 9%

89% 11%
90% 10%

90% 10%

90% 10%

90% 10%

Average 89% 11%

Wheat straw 81% 19%
nnell, J.; Johnson, D. K.; Wiselogel, A. (1994). "Study of Compositional Changes in Biomass Feedstocks Upo

993). "Compositional Analysis of NIST Biomass Standards from the IEA Whole Feedstock Round Robin." En

Hemicellulose Lignin

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Uronic

acids Arabinan Xylan Mannan Galactan

Total

hemicellul

ose

Total

Lignin

3.12 2.54 18.32 0.4 0.95 25.33 17.69

4.17 2.69 18.97 0.47 0.92 27.22 17.77

3.53 1.89 15.99 0.51 0.73 22.65 18.19

3.14 2.55 18.94 0.52 0.94 26.09 17.39

4.39 2.42 18.97 0.47 0.96 27.21 19.25

4.53 2.52 18.58 0.42 0.99 27.04 17.13

1.72 2.46 20.31 0.48 0.92 25.89 18.15

2.84 2.11 19.52 0.54 0.83 25.84 19.68

3.03 1.91 18.88 0.43 0.71 24.96 21.25

2.94 2.18 19.91 0.55 0.85 26.43 18.96

2.41 2.03 20.25 0.41 0.74 25.84 20.24

2.99 2.42 21.61 0.38 0.87 28.27 18.59

2.24 2.35 19.22 0.31 0.75 24.87 16.85
on Storage (Results)." Storage and Drying of Woody Biomass: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency/Bioe

nergy from Biomass and Wastes XVI: Proceedings of the Institute of Gas Technology Conference, 2‐6 March 1992, O

Other

Reported in paper:

Protein Ash

4.25 10.24

3.6875 9.82

4 11.04

4 11.48

4.625 11.42

3.8125 11.11

4.5625 12.54

4.375 13.34

4.5625 13.46

4.3125 13.51

4.1875 11.53

4.0625 10.06

3.9375 10.22
nergy Agreement Task IX Activity 5 Workshop, 19 May 1993, New Brunswick, Canada. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish U

Orlando, Florida. Chicago, IL: Institute of Gas Technology; pp. 395‐421.
University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Report No. 241; pp. 28‐52.
Corn Stover ‐ Data from Templeton et al. (2009)

Reference: Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS, David W. Temp

Samples: collected from 47 sites in 8 corn belt states after the 2001, 2002, and 2003 harvests

508 commercial hybrid corn stover samples

Analytical Method: Near‐infrared spectroscopy/partial least squares multivariate modeling, calibrated w

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated: Reported in

in Ethanol sucrose inorganics

water‐ext

(other)

Total

organics Glucan

Average 3.3 3.6 2.5 8.6 15.5 31.9

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

70.9 19.2 6.4 96.5

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics Inorganics

73.5 19.9 6.6

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

79% 21%
pleton, Amie D. Sluiter, Tammy K. Hayward, Bonnie R. Hames, Steven R. Thomas, Cellulose 2009 16:621

with standard NREL Laboratory Analytical Prodedures (LAPs)

Hemicellulose Lignin

Calculated: Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in pa

Cellulose Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetyl

Total

hemicellul

ose Lignin

31.9 18.9 1.5 2.8 0.3 2.2 25.7 13.3
1‐639

Other

Reported in paper: Calculated:

Protein

Structural

inorganics

(ash)

Total

inorganics

3.7 3.9 6.4
Corn Stover & Bagasse ‐ Data from Templeton et al. (2010)

Reference: Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 2. Method Uncertanties, David

Samples: Corn stover: Pioneer hybrid 33B51 harvested in fall of 2003 from northeastern CO, B

Corn stover: 1 sample, 154 replicate analyses in 13 batches, by 7 analysts in 2 labs; B

Analytical Method: NREL methods

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated: Reported in

sucrose

(extractive)

water

extractive

(other)

ethanol

extractive Total

extractives

protein +

ash

(extractive) Glucan

Corn Stover (average) 7.2 8 2.6 22.5 4.7 34

Bagasse 0.7 2.7 1.9 5.7 0.4 39

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Corn Stover (average) 71.9 20 4.7 96.6

Bagasse 91.5 5.8 3.9 101.2

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics Inorganics

Corn Stover (average) 74.4 20.7 4.9

Bagasse 90.4 5.7 3.9

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Components

Other

Organics

Corn Stover (average) 78% 22%

Bagasse 94% 6%
d W. Templeton, Christopher J. Scarlata, Justin B. Sluiter, and Edward J. Wolfrum, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010,

Bagasse: NIST RM 8491

Bagasse: 1 analysis per batch, 14 total

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

Calculated: Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in papeReported in

Cellulose

Arabinan Xylan Galactan Acetyl Total

hemicellul

ose Lignin Protein

34 2.5 19.2 1 2.9 25.6 12.3 2.2

39 1.8 21.8 0.8 3.3 27.7 24.8 0.5
, 58, 9054‐9062

paper:

Ash

4.7

3.9
Miscanthus ‐ Data from Villaverde et al. (2010)

Reference: Villaverde, Juan Jose, Pablo Ligero and Alberto de Vega (2010) Miscanthus x giga

Samples: collected late winter, after senescence

Analytical Method: unknown (not described in paper)

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated Reported inCalculated:

Ethanol/

toluene ethanol hot water

Total

extractabl

es Glucose Cellulose

Miscanthus 2.2 0.1 1.6 3.9 38 38

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Miscanthus 77.2 0.8 78

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for "o

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Miscanthus 78%
anteus as a source of biobased products through Organosolv fractionation: A mini review. The Open Agricu

Hemicellulose

: Reported in paper Calculated:

Xylose Mannose Galactose Arabinose Rhamnose

Uronic

acids

Total

hemicellul

ose

14.9 0 0.3 1.1 0 1.2 17.5

other organics" is not valid
ltural Journal, 4, 102‐110

Lignin Other

Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper:

Acid

insoluble

Acid‐

soluble

lignin

Total

Lignin

inorganics

(ash)

20.8 0.9 21.7 0.8
Woods ‐ Data from Wang et al. (2011)

Reference: Wang, Xiaming, Jennifer M. Padgett, Florentino B. De la Cruz, and Morton A. Bar

Samples: wood obtained from a lumber yard and shredded

Analytical Method: sulfuric acid hydrolysis, analysis of sugars, Klason lignin

Percent Composition

Extractables Cellulose

Reported in paper: Calculated Reported inCalculated:

Ethanol/

toluene ethanol hot water

Total

extractabl

es Cellulose Cellulose

Red oak 0 40.5 40.5

eucalyptus 40 40

spruce 42 42

radiata pine 41.1 41.1

Total (% Composition)

Calculated:

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics Inorganics

Total (%

recover)

Red oak 83.7 0.4 84.1

eucalyptus 83 0.1 83.1

spruce 89.7 1.5 91.2

radiata pine 88.3 0.8 89.1

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for "o

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic

Compone

nts

Other

Organics

Red oak 84%

eucalyptus 83%

spruce 91%

radiata pine 89%
rlaz (2011) Wood Biodegradation in Laboratory‐Scale Landfills.  Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 6

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

: Reported in Calculated: Reported inCalculated: Reported in paper:

Hemicellulo

se

Total

hemicellulo

se

Klason

lignin

Total

Lignin

volatile

solids

inorganics

(ash)

19.6 19.6 23.6 23.6 99.6 0.4

11 11 32 32 99.9 0.1

20.3 20.3 27.4 27.4 98.5 1.5

20.1 20.1 27.1 27.1 99.2 0.8

other organics" is not valid
864‐6871.