J-S20037-24

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.J.K., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: Z.J.K., A MINOR

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1537 MDA 2023

Appeal from the Dispositional Order Entered September 7, 2023

In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Juvenile Division at 

No(s): CP-21-JV-0000053-2022

BEFORE: OLSON, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED: JULY 15, 2024

Appellant, Z.J.K., appeals from the October 24, 2023, order entered in 

the Cumberland County Court of Common Pleas. After review, we dismiss as 

moot.

The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: On February 

16, 2022, when Appellant was seventeen years old, he went to the Walmart 

super center located at 60 Noble Blvd. Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and used a 

lighter he found to set fire to merchandise in the Walmart, damaging multiple 

aisles. On February 17, 2022, Appellant was interviewed by police and

admitted he used a lighter to ignite an object in the toy section of Walmart. 

On April 27, 2023, an admissions hearing was held in the juvenile court. At 

that hearing, Appellant admitted to the offense of aggravated arson. N.T., 

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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4/27/23, at 11. Adjudication and disposition were deferred until Appellant 

could be psychologically evaluated. Id. at 12.

On September 5, 2023, the juvenile court conducted an adjudication 

and dispositional hearing. A juvenile probation officer testified as to their 

recommendation that Appellant be adjudicated delinquent. N.T., 9/5/23, at 2. 

Appellant’s counsel cross-examined the probation officer. Id. at 3-4. The court 

adjudicated Appellant delinquent and issued a disposition stating that 

Appellant would be placed within a state secured facility as soon as a bed was 

made available for him. Id. at 12. The court noted that there was no less 

restrictive means of disposition because Appellant had obtained new charges 

during the pendency of the instant case and failed to comply with the 

conditions of electronic monitoring. Appellant had been stopped by police in 

various states at least seven times, including as far as in Oklahoma. Tr. Ct. 

Op. at 5. Appellant was ordered to comply with all treatment 

recommendations. Id. at 13. Until then, Appellant was placed under 

supervision at Cumberland County Prison.

On September 7, 2023, the court issued a Dispositional Review Order 

which placed Appellant at Loysville Youth Development Center. Appellant was 

released from his placement at that facility on February 2, 2024, pursuant to 

a Dispositional Review Order issued by the court. See Order, 1/25/24. Prior 

to being released from that facility, Appellant had filed a post-disposition 

motion, requesting he be removed from Loysville Youth Development Center 

and that a new adjudication hearing be held. See Post-Dispositional Motion, 
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9/11/23, at 4. The court denied that motion by order dated October 24, 2023. 

Appellant filed a notice of appeal from the order denying his motion on 

November 8, 2023. Appellant filed a concise statement of matters complained 

of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) on December 6, 2023. The trial 

court filed a 1925(a) opinion. This appeal followed. 

Appellant raises one question for our review:

Whether Juvenile’s Due Process rights were violated when the 

Juvenile Court did not hold a hearing in accordance with the 

mandates of PA ST JUV CT Rule 512?1

Appellant’s Br. at 2. 

Initially, we must determine if the instant issue is justiciable at the 

present time. The mootness doctrine

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1 Although we dismiss this appeal as moot for the reasons stated herein, we 

agree with the trial court and would also affirm on the grounds set forth by 

the trial court in its 1925(a) opinion. Appellant submits that Pa.R.J.C.P. 512 

mandates that after an adjudication hearing, a juvenile court must state on 

the record, inter alia, the name of the institution and the treatment plan for 

the juvenile. Appellant claims his hearing was not in accordance with these 

mandates and instead the trial court simply adopted the recommendations of 

juvenile probation. Appellant’s Br. at 5. In this case, an adjudication hearing 

was held, and the court fostered all relevant discussions, allowed the parties 

to present evidence and conduct cross examination, and made determinations 

on the record. However, at the time of the hearing, the exact facility in which 

Appellant would be placed was unknown and the precise treatment plan had 

not been established due to the unavailability of a facility that immediately 

had an empty bed. Because the court could not possibly have determined what 

facility placement and what treatment plan Appellant would receive, the court 

remanded him to the Cumberland County Prison for supervision, and stated 

on the record that the minor was to comply with all treatment 

recommendations once his placement had been established. Appellant was 

eventually placed in Loysville Youth Development Center which Appellant 

submits did not provide the treatment programs Appellant needed. Appellant 

has since been removed from that facility and placed on probation. 
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involve[s] litigants who clearly had standing to sue at the outset 

of the litigation. The problems arise from events occurring after 

the lawsuit has gotten under way changes in the facts or in the 

law which allegedly deprive the litigant of the necessary stake in 

the outcome. The mootness doctrine requires that “an actual 

controversy must be extant at all stages of review, not merely at 

the time the complaint is filed.”

In re Gross, 382 A.2d 116, 119 (Pa. 1978). Generally, a case will be 

dismissed as moot if there exists no actual case or controversy. Fraternal 

Order of Police v. City of Philadelphia, 789 A.2d 858 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002). 

The existence of a case or controversy requires

(1) a legal controversy that is real and not hypothetical, (2) a legal 

controversy that affects an individual in a concrete manner so as 

to provide the factual predicate for a reasoned adjudication, and 

(3) a legal controversy with sufficiently adverse parties so as to 

sharpen the issues for judicial resolution.

Dow Chemical Company v. United States Environmental Protection 

Agency, 605 F.2d 673, 678 (3rd Cir. 1979).

The “concept of mootness focuses on a change that has occurred during 

the length of the legal proceedings.” In re Cain, 590 A.2d 291, 292 (Pa. 

1991). Courts will not enter judgments or decrees to which no effect can be 

given. Britt v. Department of Public Welfare, 787 A.2d 457 (Pa. Cmwlth. 

2001). An exception to mootness will be found where (1) the conduct 

complained of is capable of repetition yet likely to evade judicial review; (2) 

the case involves issues of great public importance; or (3) one party will suffer 

a detriment in the absence of a court determination. Horsehead Resource 
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Development Company, Inc. v. Department of Environmental 

Protection, 780 A.2d 856 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001).

In the present case, Appellant cannot satisfy the case or controversy 

requirement because there is no relief that can be ordered. His prayer for relief 

merely concludes that the adjudication hearing procedure did not comply with 

statutory mandates and that the juvenile’s rights were violated. Appellant’s 

post-disposition motion sought that the court remove the juvenile from the 

Loysville Youth Development Center, but that request has been abandoned in 

Appellant’s brief because he is no longer in placement at that facility. We 

consider, then, whether Appellant can demonstrate that any of the three 

exceptions to the mootness doctrine apply here.

A prisoner’s release from incarceration does not moot a prisoner’s claim 

in litigation if he can show collateral consequences. United States of 

America v. Kissinger, 309 F.3d 179, 181 (3rd Cir. 2002) (challenged act 

was the probation condition limiting petitioner’s ability to travel and not the 

underlying conviction). In Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, (1968) the 

Supreme Court established a presumption of collateral consequences where a 

litigant challenges a criminal conviction. However, this presumption has not 

been extended to circumstances where the underlying conviction is not at 

issue. Where a petitioner chooses to attack only his sentence, and not the 

underlying conviction, the expiration of that sentence renders the case moot 

unless the petitioner can demonstrate that collateral consequences adequate 

to satisfy the case-or-controversy requirement. In this case, Appellant must 
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show collateral consequences arising from the court’s placement post-hearing. 

See Kissinger, 309 F.3d at 181. The United States Supreme Court has 

explained this requirement as follows:

A number of disabilities may attach to a convicted defendant even 

after he has left prison, and the Court has recognized the standing 

of such persons to challenge the legality of their convictions even 

when their sentences have been served. . . . Nullification of a 

conviction may have important benefits for a defendant . . . but 

urging . . . the correction of a sentence already served is another 

matter.

North Carolina v. Rice, 404 U.S. 244, (1971).

Appellant has not alleged any collateral circumstances that create a 

continuing injury. Appellant does not argue anywhere in his brief that the court 

below erred in finding that he was in need of treatment, supervision, or 

rehabilitation. Appellant’s challenge then is not to his adjudication but rather 

to the disposition that ordered his placement in a state facility. Since Appellant 

is no longer in placement at that facility, this Court is unable to enter any 

judgment or decree to which legal effect can be given. 

Appellant also does not attempt to explain how this case involves a 

question of great public importance or even identify the issue of importance. 

He baldly asserts that despite no longer being placed at the facility in question, 

the manner and outcome of the adjudication hearing violated Appellant’s due 

process rights. We reject Appellant’s conclusory statements as an argument 

for an exception to mootness.

Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal as moot.
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Appeal dismissed.

Judgment Entered.

Benjamin D. Kohler, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 07/15/2024