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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

JAN 4 20 2 OFFICE OF 

AIR AND RADIATION 

J. R. Stroble 

Manager, National TRtJ Program 

Carlsbad Field Office 

IJ.S. Department of Energy 

P.O. Box 3090 

Carlsbad, NM 88221-3090 

Dear Mr. Stroble: 

This letter provides the results of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's unannounced 

inspection (EPA Inspection No. EPA-NRD-CH-UA-09.11-24). On September 19 and 20, 

2011, EPA conducted concurrent inspections of the Central Characterization Project (CCP) 

waste characterization program activities for contact-handled (CH) transuranic (TRU) waste 

at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Carlsbad Field Office. INL; CCP is responsible 

for characterizing TRU waste from small quantity generators such as Nuclear Radiation 

Development, LLC (NRD) in compliance with the EPA waste characterization requirements 

at 40 CFR 194.24. The enclosed report (EPA Air pocket No. A-98-49; II-A4-157) gives the 

details of the inspection. 

In accordance with 40 CFR 194.8(b), EPA performed the concurrent inspections. As a result 

of this inspection, EPA confirmed that the INL-CCP's eharacterization of SQS waste from 

NRI) is consistent with the conditions and limitations from EPA's baseline approval for Cl-{ 

TRIJ waste dated November 2, 2005 (See EPA Air pocket No. A-98-49; II-A4-59) and "I'ier 

changes approved since the baseline approval. 

If you have any questions, please contact Rajani Joglekar (202 343-9462) or Ed Feltcorn (202 

i43-9422). 

Sincerely, 

Tom Peake, Director 

Center for Waste Management & Regulations 

Intemet Address (URL) • http://www.epa.gov 

Recycled/Recyclable o Printed with Vegetable Oil l3ased Inks on 100% Postconsumer, Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper 

Enclosure 

cc: Electronic Distribution 

Christine Gelles, DOE EM HQ 

Alton Harris, DOE EM HQ 

Joe Franco, CBFO 

Ed Zimianski, CBFO 

Norma Casteneda, CBFO 

Ron Unger, CBFO 

Court Fesmire, CBFO 

Alan Perrin, EPA 

Ray Lee, EPA 

Paul Giardina, EPA Region 2 

John Kieling, NMED 

Trais Kliphuis, NMED 

David Ploetz, WTS 

EPA DOCKET NO. A-98-49; II-A4-157 

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION CONTINUED COMPLIANCE REPORT: 

EPA UNANNOUNCED INSPECTION EPA-NRD-CH-UA-09.11-24 

OF THE CENTRAL CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT 

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION PROGRAM FOR 

THE CONTACT-HANDLED NUCLEAR RADIATION DEVELOPMENT WASTE 

AT IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY 

September 19-20, 2011 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of Radiation and Indoor Air 

Center for Waste Management and Regulations 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20460 

December 2011 
CONTENTS 

1 .0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 

2.0 Inspection Scope ..................................................................................................................2 

3.0 Background ..........................................................................................................................2 

4.0 Personnel ..............................................................................................................................3 

5.0 Performance of the Inspection .............................................................................................4 

5.1 Acceptable Knowledge ............................................................................................5 

5.2 Nondestructive Assay ............................................................................................14 

5.3 Real-Time Radiography for CH TRU Wastes .......................................................17 

6.0 Summary of Results ...........................................................................................................18 

6.1 Summary of Concerns ............................................................................................18 

6.2 Conclusion .............................................................................................................18 

ATTACHMENTS 

Attachment A: Acceptable Knowledge Information Requested for Waste Stream ID-NRD.I 

Attachment B: Evaluation of Responses to Waste Stream ID-NRD.l Questions Post-Conference 

Call Evaluation of Data Provided September 30 - October 3, 2011 

Attachment C: List of Documents Reviewed 

TABLE OF TABLES 

Table 1. EPA Approvals of the SQS AK Process and INL-CCP CH Waste Characterization 

Program............................................................................................................................ 3 

Table 2. EPA Inspection Team Members ...................................................................................... 3 

Table 3. Personnel Interviewed ...................................................................................................... 4 

Table 4. Batch Data Reports Examined, Waste Stream ID-NDR.1 ............................................... 6 

Table 5. Waste Stream ID-NDR.1 Waste Material Parameter Estimates ...................................... 8 

Table 6. Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 Waste Characterization Traceability .................................... 11 

Table 7. NDA Batch Data Reports Examined ............................................................................. 15 

i 
1.0 INTRODUCTION 

This report describes results of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 

unannounced continued compliance inspection of the Central Characterization Project's (CCP's) 

Small Quantity Site (SQS) program. On September 19-20, 2011, under the authority of 40 CFR 

194.21(a)(1) and 24(h), the EPA performed Inspection EPA-NRD-CH-UA-09.11-24. The 

inspection's focus was CCP's characterization of debris waste from Nuclear Radiation 

Development, LLC (NRD), a small generator site located near Grand Island, New York. 

This inspection took place in two stages with two separate EPA inspection teams. On September 

19 and 20, 2011, an EPA inspection team visited CCP offices in Carlsbad, New Mexico, where 

waste characterization records are maintained. The focus of EPA's inspection in Carlsbad, New 

Mexico, was Acceptable Knowledge (AK) and Nondestructive Examination (NDE). On 

September 20, 2011, a second EPA inspection team visited CCP's Idaho National Laboratory 

(INL-CCP) located in Idaho Falls, Idaho. At INL, EPA inspectors focused on Nondestructive 

Assay (NDA). These concurrent unannounced inspections serve as a means of getting a complete 

picture of the processes CCP used to characterize NRD waste. For several years preceding this 

inspection, INL-CCP has been characterizing wastes from small generator sites such as NRD, 

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory' (LBNL), and Lawrence Livermore National 

Laboratory (LLNL) under the SQS program. Prior to this inspection, EPA had not evaluated in 

full INL-CCP's characterization of transuranic (TRU) wastes from the SQS program. 

The purpose of this inspection was to evaluate the continued compliance of the contact-handled 

(CH) TRU characterization processes implemented by INL-CCP for characterizing TRU wastes 

such as NRD Waste Stream ID-NRD.1. INL-CCP routinely characterizes CH TRU waste 

containers from the SQS as mentioned above. 

The EPA inspection team in Carlsbad focused on the following aspects of the characterization 

program for NRD waste: 

• Acceptable Knowledge Summary Reports (AKSRs) and supporting documentation 

• Waste Stream Profile Forms (WSPFs) and related attachments 

• EPA-selected real time radiography (RTR) Batch Data Reports (BDRs) 

• Audio/Visual (A/V) recordings of the physical contents of waste containers 

• Traceability of waste containers through the entire characterization process 

• Tracking of EPA-selected waste containers from receipt through disposal 

The EPA team in Carlsbad also sampled items from the following waste characterization areas: 

• NDE container characterization A/V tape recordings and written BDRs to evaluate the 

identification of cellulosics, plastic and rubber in containers 

• Selected training DVDs from RTR operators to evaluate the estimation of liquid volumes 

and identification of waste items in training containers 

1This facility was formerly called Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, LBL. 
• RTR training materials provided to operators to qualify them and maintain their 

proficiency, as documented in CCP training records 

The INL EPA inspection team focused on the INL-CCP nondestructive assay (NDA) systems 

and supporting documentation for characterizing CH TRU waste produced at NRD, including 

three NRD waste containers selected for replicate analysis. 

The EPA inspection teams evaluated the areas listed above by conducting interviews with INLCCP personnel, observing execution of the NDA process and reviewing documents and records 

as objective evidence. The EPA inspection teams did not identify any formal concerns and there 

are no open issues regarding the characterization of Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 as a result of this 

inspection. While not registered as a formal response, EPA did determine that the AK 

documentation initially provided by CBFO for this Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 was not adequate in 

terms of defense determination. EPA submitted a series of questions to CBFO related to this 

issue. EPA instructed that NRD waste may not be shipped to WIPP for disposal until 

CBF0/1NL-CCP satisfactorily responds to EPA's questions concerning AK documentation. 

Following EPA-CBFO dialogue, all questions were adequately addressed. CBFO's responses to 

EPA's questions improved several documents and provided important details to better support 

this important aspect (defense determination) of AK. The EPA inspection team determined that 

the waste characterization programs for this waste stream are adequate and in compliance with 

the requirements of 40 CFR Part 194. 

2.0 INSPECTION SCOPE 

The following components of the system of controls implemented for Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 

were evaluated under the inspection authority described in 40 CFR 194.8(b): 

• Acceptable Knowledge 

• Nondestructive Assay 

• Nondestructive Examination 

As part of the inspection, EPA reviewed objective evidence and verified that the INL-CCP waste 

characterization program continues to perform waste characterization in compliance with the 

requirements of 40 CFR Part 194. 

3.0 BACKGROUND 

Under the SQS program, TRU waste from other sites is shipped to INL, where the majority of 

the characterization is performed by INL-CCP, and all document records are maintained at 

CBFO in Carlsbad, New Mexico. For this reason, EPA evaluated the NDA activities relative to 

the NRD waste at fNL-CCP and evaluated the relevant records at CBFO. EPA conducted a 

baseline inspection at INL-CCP in 2005, and this was the basis for EPA's approval of the INLCCP waste characterization program for CH TRU wastes. EPA has approved several subsequent 

Tier 1(T1) changes at INL for the CH waste characterization program and evaluated the SQS 

waste characterization program at INL-CCP and the Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Program 

(AMWTP), which is co-located at INL, as shown in Table 1, below. 
Table 1. EPA Approvals of the SQS AK Process and 

INL-CCP CH Waste Characterization Program 

EPA Inspection Number Approval Dates Public Docket No. 

INL-CCP Baseline CH Inspection INL-CCP-CH- November 2005 A-98-49; II-A4-59 

05.05-08 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Addition of High Efficiency Neutron November 2005 A-98-49; II-A4-60 

Counter 

INL-CCP Tier 1:Visual Examination as Quality November 2005 A-98-49; II-A4-61 

Control check for Real-Time Radiography 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Pits 4 and 6 Acceptable Knowledge August 2006 A-9849; II-A4-67 

INL-CCP Tier I Addendum: Pits 4 and 6 December 2006 A-98-49; II-A4-67 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Evaluation of the Super High February 2007 A-98-49; II-A4-86 

Efficiency Neutron Counter Nondestructive Assay 

System 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Waste Assay Gamma Spectrometer October 2008 A-98-49; II-A4-107 

Calibration Extension 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Visual Examination using March 2009 A-98-49; II-A4-110 

AudioNisual approval 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Recalibration of the High Efficiency September 2009 A-98-49; II-A4-119 

Neutron Counter Nondestructive Assay System 

AMWTP Tier 1: Eligibility of Hanford's CH Legacy June 2010 A-98-49; II-A4-127 

Debris Waste Streams MPFPD, RLM231ZD, 

RLM325D, and RLMPFPCD for Inclusion in 

AMWTP's BN510 (Super-Compacted) Debris Waste 

Stream 

INL-CCP Continued Compliance Inspection Report February 2011 A-98-49; II-A4-142 

INL-CCP Tier 1: Additional Waste Assay Gamma June 2011 A-98-49; II-A4-150 

Spectrometer Calibration for Filters 

4.0 PERSONNEL 

The two EPA inspection teams consisted of the personnel shown in Table 2. 

Table 2. EPA Inspection Team Members 

Name Affiliation Inspection Role Inspection Team 

Mr. Ed Feltcorn EPA ORIA EPA Inspection Team Lead INL 

Ms. Rajani Joglekar EPA ORIA EPA Inspection Team Lead CBFO 

Ms. Lindsey Bender EPA ORIA EPA Inspection Team Observer CBFO 

Mrs. Connie Walker SC&A, Inc. Technical Inspector, AK CBFO 

Ms. Dorothy Gill SC&A, Ine. Technical Inspector, RTR CBFO 

Mr. Patrick Kelly SC&A, Inc. Technical Inspector, NDA INL 

The EPA inspection team interviewed and obtained information andfor inspection support from 

the INL-CCP and CBFO personnel listed in Table 3. 
Table 3. Personnel Interviewed 

Personnel 

Name 

Affiliation/ 

Function 

Technical 

Area 

CBFO/ 

INL 

Entrance/Exit 

Meetin 

CBFO INL 

Mark Doherty CCP-TechSpecs AK CBFO 4 - 

Trey Greenwood WTS AK CBFO 4 - 

Tom Morgan NTP/DOE CBFO - CBFO ~1 - 

Jim Vernon SPM - CBFO ~( - 

Andrew Stallings CCP SQS Manager - CBFO ~( - 

Bill Verlanic CCP NDA INL - ~f 

Preston Abbot MCS NDA INL 

Jerry Wells DOE-ID NDA INL 

Vince Medina CCP NDA INL 

Joe Harvill WTS NDA CBFO 4 ~(* 

Mike Sensebaugh WTS - CBFO 4 ~* 

J.R. Stroble NTP/DOE CBFO - CBFO 4 ~1* 

D.K. Ploetz WTS - CBFO ~ ~* 

Mark Pearcy WTS - CBFO 

Bruce Larue Idaho State - INL 

Bart Morales MCS NDA INL - - 

Crary Davis MCS NDA INL - - 

Heather Elwood MCS NDA INL - - 

*lndividuals participating in INL Exit Meeting by telephone 

5.0 PERFORMANCE OF THE INSPECTION 

Background 

The logistics of an unannounced inspection are different from a scheduled inspection at a TRU 

generator site. Neither DOE HQ nor CBFO personnel knew that an EPA inspection would be 

occurring at this time. As a result, certain aspects of the site's waste characterization program 

may not be available for evaluation at the time of inspection. For example, waste characterization 

systems of interest to the EPA inspection may not have operational and key personnel or those 

who characterized the waste containers present at the site, particularly since CCP personnel 

typically move among the DOE TRU waste characterization sites and are not tied to a specific 

site. However, on this inspection, key personnel were present or accessible by phone for 

interviews or addressing EPA inspectors' questions/issues. 

In preparation for a scheduled inspection, the EPA technical inspectors typically obtain and 

review the latest revisions of key procedures and reports weeks prior to the inspection for the 

development of inspection checklists. For an unannounced inspection, EPA technical inspectors 

prepare using what they know to be the latest revisions of these documents received as part of Tl 

change requests and/or Tier 2 concurrence process. However, these documents may have been 

revised or superceded without EPA's knowledge. This may require the EPA inspection team to 

modify or adjust the inspection's scope on short notice on site. For this inspection, for the most 

part, the operating procedures for radiologieal characterization, RTR and VE that the EPA 

inspection team used to prepare were the current versions. 

4 
Logistics — Carlsbad 

On Monday, September 19, 2011, at approximately 8:00 am, EPA concurrently sent a scope of 

the unannounced inspection to the headquarters (HQ) DOE and the CBFO. The EPA inspectors 

met with CCP management and CCP staff responsible for TRU waste at CCP's Carlsbad Office 

for a pre-inspection meeting to explain the inspection's scope and provide a copy of the 

inspection plan. Over the two-day inspection period, the EPA inspectors met with J.R. Stroble 

(CBFO), Norma Castaneda (CBFO), Tom Morgan (CBFO), D.K. Ploetz(Manager, Washington 

TRU Solutions, WTS), Mike Sensebaugh (WTS), Jim Vernon (INL-CCP Site Program Manager) 

and Andrew Stallings (CCP-SQS Manager); Mark Doherty (NRD AK Expert or AKE) 

participated via telephone. The EPA team interviewed AKEs and the Site Project Manager 

(SPM) and examined AK records with an emphasis on the NRD waste's defense determination 

and training for RTR/VE. The inspection continued on September 20, 2011, and concluded with 

an exit briefing at CBFO. EPA inspectors raised one issue discussed in Section 5.1(7) of this 

report. EPA AK personnel prepared a list of questions based on their review at CBFO and these 

were provided to CBFO post inspection. During two subsequent EPA-CBFO conference calls, 

EPA obtained answers to all questions, as shown in Attachment B. EPA had a formal inspection 

close-out by telephone on October 5, 2011. 

Logistics — Idaho National Laboratory 

On Tuesday, September 20, 2011, at approximately 8:00 am, EPA concurrently sent a scope of 

the unannounced inspection to the HQ DOE and the INL-CCP. The EPA inspectors met with 

INL-CCP management and INL-CCP technical staff responsible for characterizing CH NRD 

wastes for a pre-inspection meeting to explain the inspection's scope and provide a copy of the 

inspection plan. The EPA inspectors scheduled inspection activities in concert with INL-CCP 

personnel. Following these meetings, the EPA inspection team personnel began their inspection, 

accompanied by appropriate INL-CCP personnel. The inspection continued until the afternoon, 

at which time the EPA inspection team had a post-inspection EPA Briefing/Close-Out Meeting 

with INL-CCP personnel and CBFO personnel participating via teleconference. 

5.1 Acceptable Knowledge 

AK provides information on several aspects of TRU wastes at INL-CCP, including: 

• Defense waste status (defense determination) 

• Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF), High-Level Waste (HLW) presence 

• Physical composition of the waste including waste material parameters (WMPs) and 

waste matrix codes (WMCs) 

• Waste stream definition 

• Radionuclide composition 

EPA examined the following technical elements related to AK: 
• Waste stream identification and definition 

• Radionuclide content of waste 

• Physical composition of waste 

• Sufficiency of AKSR including source document integration and sufficiency 

• Drum data traceability 

• Defense origin of waste 

• SNF and HLW status 

• Waste Stream Profile Form (WSPF) 

• Non-Conformance Reports (NCRs) 

• Accuracy 

• Implementation of load management 

• AK-NDA Communication 

• Overall procedural technical sufficiency and scope and ability to follow the AK waste 

characterization process 

Documents Reviewed 

The EPA inspection team examined a variety of documents related to AK, most of which were 

provided in electronic format. The list of all documents that EPA requested at the beginning of 

the Carlsbad inspection is presented in Attachment A. The list of actual documents that were 

reviewed is presented in Attachment C. The following RTR and NDA BDRs were examined: 

Table 4. Batch Data Reports Examined, Waste Stream ID-NDR.1 

Drum Number RTR BDR No. NDA BDR No.* 

ND 1087R INRTR5110088 Not provided 

ND1032R INRTR5110082 INNDAS110112 

ND1002R INRTR5110085 INNDAS110117 

*NDA BDRNos. INNDAHI10067, INNDAS110113 and INNDAS110120 were also 

provided, but only those associated with the specified drums are presented in the table. 

Technical Evaluation 

According to the AKSR, NRD has been generating two WIPP-related waste streams since 1981: 

LA-OS-00-03, consisting of used or returned americium-241 (241Am) foils collected by the Los 

Alamos National Laboratory Offsite Recovery Program (LANL OSRP); and ID-NRD.1, 

consisting of process waste generated from 241 Am foil production and solidified molten glass 

from precious metal recovery. NRD sent drummed wastes from ID-NRD.I to INL-CCP for 

characterization and certification for WIPP disposal. EPA performed an unannounced inspection 

to evaluate INL-CCP's characterization activities associated with Waste Stream ID-NRD.1. 

Attachment A presents the information that EPA requested at the beginning of the inspection, 

and Attachment B presents questions posed by EPA related to the issue of defense determination 

as a result of the inspection process. EPA evaluated the adequacy of the AK specific to this CH 

TRU retrievably-stored waste stream based on information obtained during the inspection and 

subsequent AKSR revisions and additional source document reviews. The following technical 

areas were examined: 

6 
(1) The definition of Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 was evaluated and found to be adequate. 

Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is a CH debris stream composed of waste generated from the 

production of alpha foils Zand recovery of precious metal (gold and silver), as described in the 

AKSR, Revision 1(References C006 and C007). It consists primarily of inetal and other debris 

including vitrified material in pipe nipples generated by the separation of 241 Am and precious 

metals. 

The primary mission of NRD is the manufacture of 241 Am foils used in smoke detectors and 

other industrial and research applications. NRD performs two distinct processes that generated 

Waste Stream ID-NRD.1. Alpha foils are manufactured using proprietary procedures to mix, 

laminate, and fabricate the foils, and waste is generated as part of the production and 

maintenance process. Precious metals were recovered from molten scrap foil using a sodium 

borate flux and carbon rod extraction process, and waste rods encrusted with 241 Am were placed 

in steel pipe nipples (References P001, P002, P003 and P004). Foil production and waste 

generation began in 1969 and Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 was generated from 1981-2007 

(Reference M012). NRD wastes generated prior to 1979 were shipped to Hanford; wastes 

generated after this date remained in storage on site at NRD. 

Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 originally contained 42 drums of process/filter waste and 25 drums of 

solidified molten glass waste, but NRD repackaged these into 87 drums in 2010, with a total 

waste volume of 18.1 cubic meters (m 3 ). The molten glass waste and process/filter waste are 

~ ackaged in different configurations and are not commingled, and both waste types contain 

41 Am from manufacturing and recovery activities. NRD originally received high-purity 

24i Am02 powder that contained minor amounts of plutonium (Pu) and neptunium (Np) as 

impurities from LANL and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) (References C002, C013, 

M005, MO11, M012 and P005). See Item (2) below for additional radiological information and 

Item (3) below for additional information about the physical composition of the waste stream. 

EPA questioned whether Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 should be considered two separate waste 

streams because there are two waste populations that were generated by different processes, i.e., 

manufacturing and recovery. EPA determined that the radiological compositions of the two 

components are identical, and their chemical compositions are comparable. INL-CCP stated that 

while one to two drums of waste may be generated annually, the actual anticipated volume could 

be much less. EPA accepts the single waste stream determination because the waste stream 

volume is limited, its physical composition and process origin are well defined, and the 

radiological and chemical compositions support a single waste stream determination. EPA 

expects INL-CCP to revisit the waste stream determination if these processes or the waste 

composition changes substantially in the future. 

zNRD produced foils containing 241 Am and golonium-210 ( 210Po), both alpha-emitting radionuclides. The 

scope of this inspection was only the foils containing 41 Am, which are referred to as alphafoils or Z"Am foils in this 

report. These terms are synonymous. 
(2) Acceptable knowledge pertaining to the radionuclide characteristics of Nuclear Radiation 

Development wastes was examined and found to be adequate. 

The 241Am supplied to NRD by ORNL and LANL is composed almost entirely of Am02, with 

trace amounts of Pu, Np, and other metals. The AKSR presented data for a single sample 

(Reference M005) in which the Am02 powder was composed of 86.54 — 87.9 weight percent 

(wt%) 241Am. The remaining 12-14% consisted of oxygen and impurities, including Pu, which 

accounted for approximately 0.2-0.5 wt% (1271 — 4,748 parts per million) divided between 240Pu 

(12%) and 239Pu (88%) (Reference M005). The 237Np progeny of 241 Am is also expected in 

small amounts from radioactive decay. EPA examined additional supplier documentation and 

agrees that the composition in the AKSR is supported by available data. EPA examined 

radiological information for the companion product foil Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03 (Reference 

M013), indicating that the product foils are over 99.9% 241Am with minor amounts of 241 Pu, 

consistent with the waste stream's composition. 

NRD contracted Mobile Characterization Services (MCS) to assay each NRD waste container 

prior to shipment to INL, as part of CCP's characterization of the waste for shipment. MCS used 

a segmented gamma scanner (SGS) NDA system to assay each container, and INL-CCP 

summarized these results to develop a general understanding of the waste stream's radiological 

composition. Based on the SGS data, INL-CCP concluded that 241 Am and 237Np are the 

predominant isotopes by weight and 241 Am accounts for over 99% of the waste stream's activity 

(Reference M010). The radiological composition of the waste stream is adequately defined. 

(3) Identification of physical form including waste material parameters and prohibited items 

was assessed and found to be adequate. 

As indicated in Item (1) above, the waste falls into two general categories, process waste or 

waste containing solidified molten glass. NRD packaging information indicated the presence of 

metal items (hand tools, cans, pumps and lead shielding), other inorganic material (laboratory 

waste, carbon blocks and solidified glass), and cellulosic, plastic and rubber materials. NRD 

records did not indicate the presence of organic or inorganic matrices; only trace quantities of 

soil were anticipated (References C002, C003, C006, C009, M001, M007, M008 and M009). 

NRD performed non-WIPP radiography on each of the 87 containers prior to shipment, and INLCCP personnel used this information as part of the Process Knowledge (PK) proeess for 

shipment. The waste stream's composition based on the radiography results (Reference M009) is 

shown in Table 5, below. 

Table 5. Waste Streara ID-NDR.1 Waste Material Parameter Estimates 

Waste Material Parameter 

Descri tion 

Average Weight 

Percent 

Weight Percent 

Ran e 

Iron-based metals and allo rs 45.22 13.16 - 81.08 

Aluminum-based metals/allo s 0.04 0- 5.34 

Other metals 0.36 0- 8.22 

Other inor anic materials 19.04 0- 64.40 

Cellulosics 1 8.23 1 0 - 73.68 

Rubber 1 10.89 0 - 49.43 

Plastics waste materials 2.93 0- 18.58 
Waste Material Parameter 

Descri tion 

Average Weight 

Percent 

Weight Percent 

Ran e 

Or anic matrix <0.1 0 - <0.1 

Inor anic matrix 13.13 0- 40.49 

Soils/ ravel 0.16 0- 21.28 

Total Or anic 22.21 - 

Total lnor anic 77.79 - 

The INL-CCP RTR information did not correspond directly to the anticipated information in 

NRD records with respect to the presence of inorganic matrix and soils/gravels. INL-CCP 

indicated that the difference was due to the presence of absorbent material that was not identified 

in the NRD records, as well as dust or "fines" identified as soils by INL-CCP. The physical 

composition of Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is adequately understood. 

(4) AK procedural adequacy and implementation were assessed and found to be adequate. 

CCP-TP-005, Revision 23 was approved June 30, 2011, and was in place at the time Revision 0 

of the ASKR was prepared. It includes processes and procedures for the following AK activities: 

• Documentation Management 

• Compiling Documentation 

• Recording Documentation 

• Review and Submittal of Documentation 

• Waste Stream Characterization 

• Determining Documentation Accuracy 

• Re-evaluating Documentation 

• Resolving Discrepancies 

• Updating for Additional Waste Stream Containers 

• Container Tracking Spreadsheet Development and Maintenance 

CCP-TP-005 Revision 23 also includes several attachments: 

Attachment 1— Acceptable Knowledge Documentation Checklists 

Attachment 2— Record of Communication 

Attachment 3— Acceptable Knowledge Source Document Summary 

Attachment 4— Acceptable Knowledge Source Document Reference List 

Attachment 5 — Hazardous Constituents 

Attachment 6— Waste Form, Waste Material Parameters, Prohibited Items, and Packaging 

Attachment 7 — Radionuclides 

Attachment 8— Waste Containers List 

Attachment 9— Waste Characterization Data Cross-Reference 

Attachment 10 — Acceptable Knowledge Re-evaluation Checklist 

Attachment 11 — Acceptable Knowledge Source Document Discrepancy Resolution Form 

Attachment 12 — Form and Content Guide for AK Summary Reports 

Attachment 13 — CCP Waste Stream Characterization Checklist 

Attachment 14 — CCP Acceptable Knowledge Accuracy Report 

Attachment 15 — CCP TRU Waste Correlation and Surrogate Summary Form 

9 
Attachments 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were provided to EPA during the inspection. The AK 

evaluation checklist (Attachment 10), Waste Stream Characterization Checklist (Attachment 13), 

and AK Accuracy Report (Attachment 14) were not available at the time of EPA's inspection. 

INL-CCP does not anticipate preparation of a Correlation and Surrogate Summary Form (CSSF, 

Attachment 15). Attachments provided were prepared using CCP-TP-005 Revision 22, but this is 

acceptable because these attachments were generated prior to approval of CCP-TP-005, Revision 

23. EPA determined that INL-CCP demonstrated the ability to follow the AK procedure for the 

elements examined. 

(5) The Acceptable Knowledge Summary Report was assessed and found to be adequate 

after revisions. 

EPA examined the AKSR and found it to be inadequate in several areas, including: 

• Waste generation dates and early waste disposition history 

• Defense application and uses of NRD 241 Am foils 

• Relationship to LANL Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03 (containing NRD 241 Am foils) 

• Physical composition, including packaging and RTR history 

• Radiological composition, including additional documentation of 241 Am sources and their 

radiological composition and historic NRD NDA results 

• Additional supporting references pertaining to waste shipment and composition 

INL CCP revised the AKSR to address these inadequacies. INL-CCP provided additional source 

documents MO11, M012 and M013 and an updated M005 to support the AKSR revisions and the 

revised AKSR is adequate. 

(6) Drum traceability and the ability to follow the acceptable knowledge waste 

characterization process for containers were assessed and found to be adequate. 

EPA selected three containers presented in CCP-TP-005, Attachment 8 for traceability analysis. 

Table 6 below presents the results of EPA's traceability review. 

NRD originally packed waste in cans that were placed in drums, and the NRD drums can be 

traced to the final INL-CCP drums. The selected drums were traceable through the 

characterization steps performed by NRD and INL-CCP. It should be noted that the AK record 

did not include drum records that were generated several years earlier when the waste was placed 

in cans. NRD provided information from its database covering the last two years (2008-2010). 

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(7) Defense origin of transuranic wastes was found to be adequate after DOE responded to 

EPA questions and revised the relevant documents. 

The AKSR states that Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is "contaminated with materials from atomic 

energy defense activities associated with defense nuclear materials production and defense 

nuclear waste and materials by-products management." INL-CCP submitted a defense 

determination request in August 2008 to CBFO for NRD activities that was approved by DOE in 

December 2008: Reference D001 is the LA-OS-00-03 waste determination and Reference D002 

is the ID-NRD.1 waste determination. 

Reference D002 states that Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 was generated "during production of sealed 

sources (which were recovered domestically) containing radioactive material [241Am] originating 

from the DOE Weapons Program." Reference D002 also states that Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is 

defense in origin because "[radioactive] materials in the sealed source production waste are 

activation/decay products of defense production resulting from materials separation during 

defense nuclear material by-product management, and are now managed for defense nuclear 

materials security and safeguards." This justification is weak because Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is 

not managed for defense nuclear material security and safeguards; Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03 

is managed for this purpose (Reference D001). However, because these two waste streams came 

from the same defense materials production process, Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 can qualify as 

waste from defense activities. Reference D002 states that the defense justification applied to 

Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03 also alies to Waste Stream ID-NRD.1, since the latter was 

generated during generation of the 24 'Am foils in Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03. The defense 

determination goes on to state that since LANL is the source of the 241 Am in the waste stream, 

the 241 Am was generated as a by-product of the production of defense-related nuclear materials. 

Reference D002 concludes that Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is defense-related because the waste is 

associated with: 

• Naval Reactors Development 

• Weapons activities including defense inertial confinement fusion 

• Defense nuclear waste and materials by-products management 

• Defense nuclear materials production 

• Defense nuclear materials security and safeguards and security investigations 

• Defense research and development 

The revised AKSR states that NRD produced 241Am foils that are used in military applications 

associated with detectors for smoke, chemical agents, and explosives, as well as other industrial 

and research applications. For example, 241 Am foils were purchased by Sandia National 

Laboratory for use in the "MicroHound" explosives detector that was used in defense 

applications. Also, smoke detectors were purchased by the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, 

whose work supports naval reactors development (References C013, D002, MOl 1 and M012). 

EPA had a number of questions regarding the documentation for Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 that 

CBFO had initially prepared to support the defense determination; see Attachment B. EPA was 

concerned about the inadequate documentation for the NRD.1 waste stream. EPA submitted 

these questions to CBFO and, following EPA-CBFO dialogue, CBFO answered all questions and 
revised all documents appropriately (see attachment B of this report). EPA instructed that 

CBFO/INL-CCP may not ship the NRD waste containers to WIPP for disposal until relevant AK 

documents are revised to expand on the waste's defense origin rationale. CBFO's responses to 

EPA's questions improved several documents and provided important details to better support 

this important aspect of AK. EPA concluded that the revised references examined adequately 

supported DOE's defense determination for Waste Stream ID-NRD.1. 

(8) Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Waste Status were evaluated and found to be in 

compliance with the WIPP Land Withdrawal Act. 

The Land Withdrawal Act (LWA) prohibits the WIPP disposal of SNF fuel and HLW waste, as 

defined by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA). The NWPA states that SNF is "fuel that has 

been withdrawn from a nuclear reactor following irradiation, the constituent elements of which 

have not been separated by reprocessing." The DOE Radioactive Waste Management Manual 

expands on this definition and states that, "test specimens of fissionable material irradiated for 

research and development only, and not production of power or plutonium, may be classified as 

waste, and managed in accordance with the requirements of this Order when it is technically 

infeasible, cost prohibitive, or would increase worker exposure to separate the remaining test 

specimens from other contaminated material." HLW is defined by the NWPA as "the highly 

radioactive material resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste 

produced directly in reprocessing and any solid material derived from such liquid waste that 

contains fission products in sufficient concentrations, and other highly radioactive material that 

the Commission, consistent with existing law, determines by rule requires permanent isolation." 

Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 is composed of debris waste generated during production of 241 Am 

foils and recovery of precious metals from waste foils; no spent fuel was ever managed or used 

at the facility. NRD did not manage or generate HLW. 

(9) Waste Stream Profile Form preparation and completeness were evaluated and found to be 

adequate. 

INL-CCP provided a Draft WSPF for Waste Stream ID-NRD.1, which included a draft 

Characterization Information Summary (CIS) and Summation of Aspects. The Draft WSPF 

included information for all required elements, but EPA notes that some elements will be revised 

to address issues that came to light as a result of EPA's inspection. The Draft WSPF 

demonstrates that INL-CCP continues to be capable of preparing a WSPF. The final WSPF will 

be provided to EPA upon completion of waste shipments as a quarterly Tier 2(T2) submission. 

(10) The Preparation of Nonconformance Reports was evaluated and found to be adequate. 

INL-CCP provided one example Nonconformance Report (NCR), NCR No. NCR-INL-3162-1 l, 

Revision 0. The NCR was issued because the SGRS detector 3(DETA3) did not meet gain 

specifications required in CCP-TP-010 during gain adjustments following detector warm-up. To 

resolve the issue, INL-CCP performed detector replacement, repositioning, repair, trouble 

shooting, and additional measurements as directed by the NDA Expert Analyst (EA), see Section 

5.2(1). The NCR demonstrated INL-CCP's continued capability to prepare an NCR. 
(11) AK accuracy was not assessed for the NRD waste. 

An AK accuracy report was not available for this waste stream at the time of EPA's inspection 

and CCP was not required to have one in place, given the waste stream characterization status at 

the time of the inspection. EPA has examined the development of AK Accuracy reports by INLCCP and at other CCP sites, and determined to be adequate. If, in the future, a need for an AK 

accuracy report arises, EPA expects to receive that as part of T2 change submittals of INL-CCP. 

(12) Load management was found to be not applicable. 

INL-CCP representatives indicated that Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 will not be load managed. 

(13) NDA-AK communication was assessed and found to be adequate. 

The NDA Memorandum for Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 presents a description of the waste stream 

and summary radiological information based on Revision 0 of the AKSR. The NDA 

Memorandum does not provide AK-based scaling factors except for 137Cs and 90Sr. Plutonium is 

not expected in the waste and there are no approved default plutonium isotopics, so direct 

gamma quantification will be used to assay these wastes. EPA views the NDA Memorandum as 

a critical document that links the NDA and AK aspects of each waste stream. The NDA 

Memorandum is adequate, although EPA expects to receive the revised AKSR reflecting 

changes to the radiological characterization data. 

Summarv of AK Findings and Concerns 

The EPA Inspectors did not identify any findings or concerns related to AK relative to Waste 

Stream ID-NRD.1 during this inspection, although several questions were raised that required 

revision of the AKSR and, as a result, other documents (e.g., WSPF). No modification of current 

T2 reporting requirements is necessary. These questions, early on into the investigation, resulted 

in EPA prohibiting shipment of NRD waste as scheduled for WIPP disposal. Eventually, all the 

questions were satisfactorily addressed and EPA allowed the NRD waste shipments to WIPP. 

Conclusion 

EPA determined that NRD Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 was adequately addressed in terms of 

acceptable knowledge. 

5.2 Nondestructive Assay 

The EPA inspection team evaluated INL-CCP's NDA processes for the characterization of NRD 

wastes. INL-CCP AK records that the EPA inspection team reviewed in advance indicated that 

there were a total of 87 drums of NRD wastes and, while all had been assayed, none had been 

shipped to WIPP. Upon arrival at INL-CCP the EPA inspection team did the following: 

Verified that all NRD containers had been assayed by requesting all NDA BDRs 

associated with NRD wastes 
• Reviewed one hundred percent of the NRD BDRs for technical content and regulatory 

compliance 

• Verified that the 87 NRD wastes containers were physically stored at INL-CCP by 

observing them in AMWTP Building WMF 631, Building Location Coordinates NO 

• Identified the NDA instruments that had been used to assay NRD wastes, i.e., the SWEPP 

Gamma Ray Spectrometer (SGRS), the High Efficiency Neutron Counter (HENC) and 

the Waste Assay Gamma System (WAGS) 

• Inspected each NDA system, including interviewing the personnel responsible for each 

system's calibration and operation, as well as the status of training for all personnel who 

conducted data review and validation of all NRD BDRs 

Documents Reviewed 

The EPA inspection team examined a variety of documents related to NDA. The list of all 

documents that EPA reviewed is presented in Attachment C. The following NRD BDRs were 

examined: 

Table 7. NDA Batch Data Reports Examined 

NDA BDR 

Number 

Number 

of Drums 

NDA Instrument 

Used 

INNDAS 110117 16 SGRS 

INNDAS 110119 14 SGRS 

INNDAS 110120 14 SGRS 

INNDAS 110112 14 SGRS 

INNDAS 114113 5 SGRS 

INNDAS 110111 1 SGRS 

INNDAS 110115 9 SGRS 

INNDAH 110067 12 HENC 

INNDAW 110129 1 WAGS 

Total Number 87 - 

Elements Observed 

(1) Operation of the SWEPP Gamma Ray Spectrometer in Building WMF 628 was evaluated 

and found to be adequate. 

The SWEPP Gamma Ray Spectrometer (SGRS) was used to assay 74 of the 87 drums of NRD 

waste (85%). This was intentional since the SGRS uses a filtered gamma detector. Specifically, 

the gamma detector is covered with a thin sheet (32 millimeters) of cadmium called a"filter" that 

effectively removes (filters) photons up to approximately 80 keV, which is important for 

assaying wastes with elevated concentrations of 241 Am. EPA observed that Operator Aid.-CCPINL-223 was posted at the SGRS; this aid specified the acceptance criteria for peak centroid and 

energy for the system's four detectors. EPA observed the SGRS in operation during this 

inspection, and the operator was Heather Elwood, who was current as an Operator/ITR 

(Independent Technical Reviewer) for the SGRS on the CCP-Idaho National Laboratory List of 

Qualified Individuals (LOQI) dated September 14, 2011. EPA confirmed that the SGRS operator 
used the current version of the SGRS operating procedure (CCP-TP-115, Revision 4); the SGRS 

software versions were current for NDA 2000 (Version 4.0), and Genie 2000 (Version 3.0), as 

required. EPA observed several entries in the SGRS Operational Log Book, 2011, INL-NDASGRS-017, and noted that a Non-Conformance Report (NCR) NCR-INL-3162-11 was issued for 

a performance problem related to the amplifier's gain on August 1, 2011. The appropriate 

corrective action (a detector was replaced) was taken and a calibration verification was 

performed for the system as required, and was documented in CCP-INL-SGRS-11-002, 

Calibration Verification of the SGRS System after Detector Replacement and Energy 

Calibration. The SGRS was returned to service on August 16, 2011. All aspects of the SGRS 

were acceptable. 

(2) Operation of the High Efficiency Neutron Counter in Building WMF 628 was evaluated 

and found to be adequate. 

The High Efficiency Neutron Counter (HENC) was used to assay 12 of the 87 drums of NRD 

waste (14%). While the SGRS was the instrument of choice as discussed above, the HENC also 

uses a filtered gamma detector and was deemed an appropriate alternate for the time period the 

SGRS was not operational due to NCR-INL-3162-11. EPA did not observe the HENC in 

operation during this inspection. EPA did confirm that INL-CCP operator, ITR and Expert 

Analyst (EA) individuals who contributed to the HENC BDR that contained NRD drums were 

current on the CCP-Idaho National Laboratory list of qualified individuals (LOQI) dated 

September 14, 2011. EPA observed entries on pages 196-197 of the HENC Operatfonal Log 

Book, 2011, INL-NDA-HENC-009 that documented the NRD HEBC assays. All aspects of the 

HENC were acceptable. 

(3) Storage of 87 55-gallon drums of NRD wastes was confirmed by visual inspection. 

EPA performed a visual inspection to ensure that the NRD drums were still at INL and found all 

87 drums in a building operated by AMWTP, Building WMF 631, Building Location 

Coordinates NO. EPA counted the drums and confirmed that their physical markings were 

consistent with their designation as NRD wastes. No drums of NRD wastes had been shipped to 

WIPP as of the date of this inspection. 

(4) One hundred percent of the Batch Data Reports for NRD wastes were evaluated and 

found to be adequate. 

EPA examined all BRDs for the 87 NRD drums and examined them for the following aspects: 

• Evidence of technical and compliance reviews by trained personnel 

• Evidence that all containers were TRU, i.e., contained TRU alpha concentrations greater 

than 100 nCi/gram, and that there were activity concentrations and uncertainties reported 

for all WIPP-tracked radionuclides 

• Quality Control (QC) measurements for all containers had been performed, the results 

were evaluated against appropriate acceptance criteria and found to be acceptable 
• All results were reasonable, i.e., the containers had elevated concentrations of 241 Am to a 

maximum of 23.6 Ci (Container No. ND 1075R), little or no measurable 239Pu and small 

measurable amounts of 240Pu. 

There were no concerns regarding the BDRs documenting the NDA of the 87 NRD waste drums. 

Concerns 

There were no concerns relative to any aspect of the INL-CCP nondestructive assay process 

identified during this inspection. 

Conclusion 

EPA determined that NRD Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 was adequately addressed in terms of 

radiological characterization by nondestructive assay. A sister waste stream LA-OS-00-03 was 

not in the scope of this inspection. 

5.3 Real-Time Radiography for CH TRU Wastes 

Evaluation 

EPA reviewed three RTR BDRs generated during characterization of NRD wastes by INL-CCP. 

The RTR data were generated on the following dates: 

• BDR No. INRTR5110081 was generated on July 19, 2011, using CCP-TP-053, Revision 

10 

• BDR Nos. INRTR5110084 was generated on July 25, 2011, and INRTR5110087 on July 

28, both using procedure CCP-TP-053, Revision 11 

All the BDRs contained a successful Measurement Control Report performed by a qualified RTR 

operator. There were no nonconformance reports (NCR) generated for these BDRs. An 

Independent Observation and Replicate Scan were performed by a different operator to the one 

performing the RTR scans in each BDR. EPA inspectors reviewed the written and audio/visual 

recordings for selected containers in each BDR and determined that data sheets were complete 

and were consistent between the records. The containers reviewed were: 

• BDR INRTR5110081 — ND 1016R, ND 1016R (replicate scan) 

• BDR INRTR5110084 — ND1068R, ND1068R (replicate scan), ND1015R, ND1014R 

• BDR INRTR5110087 - ND 1089R (replicate scan), ND 1089R, ND 1030R 

The CCP List of Qualified Individuals (LOQI) reviewed by the EPA inspectors demonstrated 

that RTR data were generated by qualified personnel. EPA reviewed selected training records for 

the RTR operators generating the data contained in the three BDRs above. EPA determined that 

the operators were trained in accordance with CCP requirements. 
Summary of RTR Findings and Concerns 

The EPA inspection team did not identify any concerns relative to RTR during this inspection. 

Conclusion 

EPA concluded that CCP at INL continues to perform RTR examinations in a manner that is 

compliant with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 194 and EPA's 2007 baseline approval. 

6.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 

6.1 Summary of Concerns 

The EPA inspection team did not identify any concerns during this inspection. However, EPA 

raised a few questions concerning AK documentation (see Attachment B) which CBFO/INLCCP addressed to EPA's satisfaction. Based on this unannounced inspection, there are no open 

issues in the technical areas evaluated related to Waste Stream ID-NRD.1. 

6.2 Conclusion 

The EPA inspection team evaluated selected aspects of the following waste characterization 

areas relative to Waste Stream ID-NRD.1: 

• AKSRs and supporting documentation 

• WSPFs and related attachments 

• EPA-selected RTR BDRs 

• A/V recordings of the physical contents of waste containers 

• Traceability of waste containers through the entire characterization process 

• Tracking of EPA-selected waste containers from receipt through disposal 

• NDE container characterization A/V tape recordings and written BDRs to evaluate the 

identification of cellulosics, plastic and rubber in containers 

• Selected training DVDs from RTR operators to evaluate the estimation of liquid volumes 

and identification of waste items in training containers 

• RTR training materials provided to operators to qualify them and maintain their 

proficiency, as documented in CCP training records 

• INL-CCP NDA systems and supporting documentation for characterizing CH TRU waste 

produced at NRD, including three NRD waste containers selected for replicate analysis 

The EPA inspection team determined that the waste characterization programs for Waste Stream 

ID-NRD.1 are adequate and in compliance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 194. A sister 

waste stream (LA-OS-00-03) was not covered in the scope of this inspection. 
Attachment A 

Acceptable Knowledge Information Requested for Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 

1) If a revision of CCP-AK-INL-023 other than Revision 0 has been approved, please provide 

this AKSR. 

2) All Source Documents listed at the end of CCP-AK-]NL-023, latest revision. 

3) Waste Stream Profile Form and related attachments, if available 

4) All CCP-TP-005 Attachments and records pertinent to Waste Stream ID-NRD.1, including: 

• Attachment 1— Acceptable Knowledge Documentation Checklist 

• Attachment 2— Record of Communication (may be addressed through provision of 

source documents and Attachment 3) 

• Attachment 3— Acceptable Knowledge Source Document Summary 

• Attachment 4— Acceptable Knowledge Information List 

• Attachment 5 — Hazardous Constituents 

• Attachment 6— Waste Form, Waste Material Parameters, Prohibited Items, and 

Packaging- including WMP memorandum 

• Attaehment 7— Radionuclides - including NDA memorandum 

• Attachment 8— Waste Containers List- including Add Container Memorandum 

• Attachment 9— Waste Characterization Data Cross-Reference (reference only, 

submission of an example is not required) 

• Attachment 10 — Acceptable Knowledge Re-evaluation Checklist 

• Attachment 11 — Acceptable Knowledge Source Document Discrepancy Resolution (may 

be addressed by providing source documents and Attachment 3) 

• Attachment 12 — Form and Content Guide for AK Summary Reports (reference only, 

submission of example is not required) 

• Attachment 13 — CCP Waste Stream Characterization Checklist 

• Attachment 14 — CCP Acceptable Knowledge Accuracy Report and related 

Memorandum 

• Attachment 15 — CCP TRU Waste Correlation and Surrogate Summary Form 

5) Traceability information pertaining to the following containers (from AK Tracking 

spreadsheet) from CCP tracking system through WDS: ND1087R, ND1032R and ND1002R. 

Include copies of any paperwork generated at NRD. Describe the characterization process and 

relative responsibilities of CCP, AMWTP, and NRD. Note that this list may be augmented 

depending on information obtained in item (6). 
6) Summary information pertaining to characterization results from BDRs (not entire BDR, just 

characterization results and SPM signature sheets), for BDRs representing the above containers 

OR as available. 

7) Training records for Mark Doherty, W.G. Estill, and other CCP individuals responsible for 

this waste stream. 

8) Example NCRs pertinent to the waste stream 
Attachment B 

Evaluation of Responses to Waste Stream ID-NRD.1 Questions 

Post-Conference Call Evaluation of Data Provided September 30 - October 3, 2011 

The questions that EPA posed relative to NRD wastes are listed below with CBFO's responses 

listed in italics followed by underlined text indicating that EPA considers all responses to be 

adequate. 

AKSR Sections 4.2.1.1 and 5.2: Please clarif~ the dates presented in the document. The 

AKSR states that NRD has been producing 2 ~ Am foils since 1969, but the waste 

described in the AKSR was first packaged in 1981 and the AKSR implies that the first 

documented 241 Am source (Oak Ridge/LANL) was obtained in 1984. Revise the 

document to clarify where waste generated prior to 1981 is located and to address 

whether 241 Am from other sources were used 1981-1984. Add more source document 

references to the AKSR and record that show the origin of Am oxide during the period of 

waste generation, as available. 

The AKSR was revised to clarify the dates of foil production and waste generation. The 

response is adequate, but new references were added to the AKSR that weren't in 

Revision 0. References M011, M012, M013, and revised M005 were also provided. The 

references and revised text adequately address EPA's question. 

2. AKSR Section 4.4, page 13, last paragraph: Expound on the defense uses/applications of 

NRD products including the dates of defense product use/generation, the specific 

facilities they were sent to, and other information that supports this aspect of the defense 

determination. 

The AKSR was revised to address this aspect of the defense determination. Reference 

M011 was provided that includes information from a sealed source registry for two 

chemical agent detectors that used NRD 241Am foils; CCP indicates these are evidence of 

defense use of NRD foils. The reference and revised text adequately address EPA's 

question. 

3. AKSR Section 4.6.2: Clarify why the LA OS 00 03 NRD OSRP sealed sources waste 

stream is not considered a similar CH waste stream, particularly with respect to 241 Am 

(radiological) composition. Does the OSRP waste stream contain sealed sources created 

by sites other than NRD? If so, please provide references regarding this because during 

EPA's LANL Continued Compliance Inspection, site representatives indicated that all 

waste in this stream was from NRD and the drum list provided to EPA showed only 

containers associated with NRD. 

The AKSR was revised to indicate that Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03 is a similar CH waste 

stream. Reference[s] M013 was also provided which is a radionuclide data query 

generated from WDS for select containers from Waste Stream LA-OS-00-03. These data 

show that 241Am is by far the predominant radionuclide (% curie), with minor 241Pu, 

which is consistent with Waste Stream ID-NRD.1. The reference and revised text 

adequately address EPA's question. 

L:3i 
4. AKSR Sections 5.4.1, 5.4.1.1 & 5.4.1.2: Section 5.4.1 states that inorganic matrices and 

soils/gravel are not expected, but Table 2 shows both to be present and in substantial 

percentages in at least one container. As written, Section 5.4.1.2 is not clear that Table 2 

was generated based on PK RTR performed by CCP, which would clarify the apparent 

text/table discrepancies. The AKSR should be revised to clarify that Table 2 was 

generated based on CCP's own PK RTR of the waste stream. Also, clarify the origin of 

the inorganic matrices and soil identified in the waste CCP by RTR. 

The AKSR was revised to clarify that the "inorganic matrix" includes the vitrified waste, 

which explains the differences between NRD and CCP's quick scan RTR. The AKSR was 

also revised to state that the radiography used to determine the waste material parameter 

percentages in the AKSR is not the process used to certify the containers at INL. The 

response is adequate. 

5. AKSR Section 5.4.2, p. 24: The AKSR states that 86.4% of the LANL americium is 

Am02; what is the other 13.6%? Also, clarify the purity information provided pertaining 

to plutonium, i.e., what is the weight percent of plutonium? Expound on this information 

and better explain the data and source of the data in the text of the AKSR. Reference 

M005 says that this order had 332 grams 241 Am and 1 gram Pu. Is this weight percentage 

typical of all Am02 provided? Additionally, clarify that Table 3 was created using CCP's 

PK-shipment related ISOCS NDA information. 

The AKSR was revised to clarify the various percentages and to indicate that the 

percentages are an example from a single reference; the AKSR states that a new 

reference, M012, supports the statement that all americfum sources purchased exhibited 

the same isotopic distributions, but different gram values. Reference M012 was also 

provided which contains shipping papers that show NRD accepted americium oxide from 

both Oak Ridge and Los Alamos. The reference and revised text adeguately address 

EPA's question. 

6. NRD also generated static control devices and other products; are wastes generated from 

these devices also in the stream? 

INL-CCP addressed the question during the October 3 conference call verifying that the 

waste generated from other production lines are not in the ID-NRD.1 waste stream. The 

response is adequate. 

7. The PK Attachment 6 provides an estimated WMP% from "NRD" staff; is this the same 

information used to generate the bullet lists shown in AKSR Section 5.4.1? It is noted 

that the PK and AK Attachment 6s are very different and presumably generated from 

different data sources. How do references M009 and C009 relate to either Attachment 6? 

INL-CCP addressed the question during the October 3 conference call, where the 

performance of NRD RTR was discussed; NRD performed non-WIPP certifred RTR on all 

containers to satisfy CCP's shipping requirements, and INL-CCP representatives 

: ? 
reviewed this information and used it as AK to evaluate the waste material parameters 

within the waste stream. The response is adequate. 

8. Please review the reference list to be sure there are no typographical errors. 

The reference list was revised to include new references and to correct a typographical 

error in an existing reference. The response is adequate. 

9. Reference C010 is the main record supporting the use of 241 Am as the "primary isotope" 

in the waste stream, but this reference is the Attachment 7 form without signatures or 

other information. Is there an interview form or other reference supporting this assertion 

which is used as a basis for the radiological determination? Examine the AKSR when 

referencing C010 to see if there are more applicable supporting references. 

Reference C010 was removed and references M012 and M013 were provided that show 

available information pertaining to purchased Am02composition (both Los Alamos and 

Oak Ridge), as well as the radiological composition of the sister stream LA-OS-00-03. 

These references are adequate. 

10.Is reference M010 the ISOCS data used as part of PK to ship the drums to Idaho? If so, 

do you have a spreadsheet showing how this information was summarized in Table 3? 

INL-CCP provided the requested spreadsheet and clarified that an SGS, not ISOCS, unit 

was used. The response is adequate. 

11. Please provide as much traceability information about the following drums as possible, 

from any initial NRD paperwork through CCP's tracking system, through WDS. 1087R, 

1032R, 1002R. If these are not through the full characterization process, please select 

three other drums. If little paperwork is available from the NRD end, feel free to select 

other containers that better demonstrate traceability. Original packaging information (or 

other documentation showing sources of waste in original containers), container 

repackaging (you provided a spreadsheet, but if there's any more detailed individual 

container information including content descriptions, etc.), travelers, ISOCS (also 

provided), PTS/CTS (or equivalent) print outs, and WDS print outs. 

INL-CCP provided the requested traceability information that was available as of 

October 3, 2011. The response is adequate. 

: 
Attachment C 

List of Documents Reviewed 

CCP-AK-INL-023, Central Characterization Project Acceptable Knowledge Summary Report 

for ldaho National Laboratory NRD Mixed Heterogeneous Debris Waste Stream: ID-NRD.1, 

Revision 0, July 18, 2011 

CCP-AK-INL-023, Central Characterization Project Acceptable Knowledge Summary Report 

for ldaho National Laboratory NRD Mixed Heterogeneous Debris Waste Stream: ID-NRD.1 

Revision 1, September 30, 2011 

CCP-Idaho National Laboratory List of Qualified Individuals, September 14, 2011, for HENC, 

SGRS and WAGS 

CCP-INLOSGRS-11-002, Calibration Verification of the SGRS System after Detector 

Replacement and Energy Calibration, August 17, 2011 

CCP-TP-005 Attachments 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, Revisions 22 and 23, various dates 

CCP-TP-005, Acceptable Knowledge Documentation, Revision 22, Effective Date, April 21, 

2011 

CCP-TP-005, Acceptable Knowledge Documentation, Revision 23, Effective Date, June 30, 

2011 

Eugene Olesky, Health Physicist, NRD, Inc., Apri123, 1984 

Information sent by Julia Whitworth, November 16, 2006 

INL-NDA SGRS-017, SGRS Operational Logbook 2011, initiated on June 8, 2011, specifically 

page 74 

INL-NDA-HENC-009, HENC Operational Logbook 2011, initiated January 3, 2011, specifically 

pages 196-197 

Non Conformance Report: NCR INL-3162-11, August 16, 2011, requiring a calibration 

verification on the SGRS 

Operator Aid: CCP-INL-223, August 4, 2011 

SGRS, HENC and WAGS BDRs listed above 

Waste Stream Profile Form (Draft), Waste Stream ID-NRD.1, Irene Quintana, September 12, 

2011 

C2, Process Description (Abbreviated), W.G. Estill, December 5, 2006 

C3, Waste Packaging, W. G. Estill, December 5, 2006 

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C5, Waste Containers, W. G. Estill and Randy Fitzgerald, December 5, 2006 

C6, Silver Recovery, Randy Fitzgerald and W. G. Estill, December 6, 2006 

C7, Contents of Iron Pipe Containers, W. G. Estill December 12, 2006 

C009, Waste Material Parameters, D. Davis, NRD LLC, December 26, 2006 

C013, NRD Source Purchase Orders and NRC Reports, Mark Doherty, August 5, 2008 

D001 Transuranic Waste Defense Determination Approval Forms, Joel Grimm, NNSA February 

17, 2006 

D002 Transuranic Waste Defense Determination Approval, Mark Doherty, August 12, 2008 

M001, Two Spreadsheets - Glovebox Bagout Data and Silver Recovery Bagout Data, 

M005, Isotopics for Purchase - 241Am, Gregg Potter, ORNL August 31, 1984 

M7, Waste Material Parameters, Mark Doherty, Apri126, 2011 

M8, Waste Packaging Records for NRD, November 24, 2010 

M9, Revised Waste Material Parameters, Mark Doherty, May 16, 2011 

MO10, NRD NDA Batch Data Reports, February 21, 2011 

M11, Sealed Source and Device Registry, no author, undated 

M12, Source Material Shipping Papers, no author, various dates 

M13, LA-OS-00-03 WWIS Radionuclide Activity Data Query, WDS, September 29, 2011 

P1, Preparation of Anodes for Recovery Bath, Am-241, NRD, LLC, March l, 2005 

P2, General Laboratory Manufacturing Manual (NRD, Inc. Procedures, Proprietary), 

P3, 241 Am Foil Fabrication Procedures (Proprietary), no author, 1992 

P4, NRD Inc. Manufacturing and Assembly Procedures for Radioactive Sources (Proprietary), 

no author, June 1996 

P005 NRD TRU Waste Packaging Procedures HP-20100001, Revision 0, D. Davis, February 24, 

2010 

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