Index

A Healthier You, 318
 

AAA. See Area Agency on Aging


A1C test, 74, 77


Acanthosis nigricans, 71


Accutane, 307


ACE inhibitors. See Angiotensin 


converting enzyme inhibitors


Acetaminophen, 353


Acne, 307


Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.


See also Human immunodeficiency 


virus
 

case story, 150


difference from HIV, 139


information resources, 151


oral health and, 299


psychosocial issues, 148


rates among women, 140


related diseases, 145–146


research concerning, 148–149


symptoms of, 144–145


treatment of, 146–147


Activated factor VII, 44


Acupuncture, 376


Acute blood loss anemia, 111


AD. See Alzheimer’s disease
 

ADA. See American Dental Association
 

ADAPs. See AIDS Drug Assistance 


Programs


ADHD. See Attention-deficit/


hyperactivity disorder


Adult-onset diabetes. See Type 2 


diabetes
 

Advance directives, 231


AF. See Atrial fibrillation
 

African American women. See Ethnic 


factors
 

Age factors. See also Aging


cancer and, 52


heart disease and, 26


stroke and, 39


Age spots, 306


Aging


avoiding health scams, 222


bone health, 225–226


brain health, 226–228


case story, 232


common health concerns, 228–231


healthy behaviors, 221–223


information resources, 233


menopause, 224


minority women’s health, 227


normal aging, 223


planning ahead, 231


preventing falls, 226
 

AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency 


syndrome


AIDS Drug Assistance Programs, 147


Air pollution. See also Environmental 


health
 

cancer and, 54


Air Quality Index, 400


Albuterol, 282–283


Alcohol drinking


cancer and, 53


healthy aging and, 222


heart disease and, 23–24


mental health and, 211


nutrition and, 327


oral health and, 293–294


pregnancy and, 170


stroke and, 41


Allergies, 288


Alopecia, 311, 314


Alternative medicine. See
 

Complementary and alternative 


medicine
 

Alveoli, 188


Alzheimer’s disease, 227


Amenorrhea, 156


American Dental Association, 293


Amniocentesis, 173


Amniotic fluid, 182


ANA. See Antinuclear antibody


Analgesics, 353


Anemia
 

causes of, 109–110


celiac disease and, 272


diagnosis of, 111


fertility issues, 115


pregnancy and, 115, 178


symptoms of, 110–111


treatment of, 111


types of, 110–113


Aneurysm, 42


Angina, 16


Angiography, 30, 414


Angioplasty, 31


Angiotensin converting enzyme 


inhibitors, 20, 31


Angiotensin II receptor blockers, 20


Anorexia nervosa, 214


anti-CCP. See Citrulline antibody


Anti-TNF medications, 96


Antibody tests, 143


Anticoagulants, 31


Anticonvulsants, 354


Antidepressants, 354


Antifibrinolytics, 106


Antigens, 83
 

Antinuclear antibody, 91


Antioxidants
 

heart disease and, 28–29


Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome,


86, 92


Antiplatelet medicines, 31


Antiretroviral drugs, 146–147


Anxiety


disorders, 213


fitness and, 345


heart disease and, 26–27


Aphthous ulcers, 297


aPL. See Antiphospholipid antibody 


syndrome


AQI. See Air Quality Index
 

ARBs. See Angiotensin II receptor 


blockers
 

Area Agency on Aging, 407


Arrhythmia, 32–33


Arthritis
 

aging and, 229


fitness and, 344


Asbestos
 

cancer and, 54


Aspirin


heart disease and, 31


stroke and, 42


Assisted birth, 182


Asthma
 

aging and, 228


case story, 290


diagnosis of, 286


pregnancy and, 283–284


symptoms of, 281, 286


treatment of, 282–283, 286


Atherosclerosis
 

autoimmune diseases and, 94


heart disease and, 16


stroke and, 40


Athlete’s foot, 308


Atria, 16


Atrial fibrillation, 32, 40


Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,


213
 

Autoantibodies, 83


Autoimmune diseases
 

autoimmune oophoritis, 94


body parts affected by, 83


case story, 99


diagnosis of, 90–92


digestive diseases and, 90


health issues, 94–95


information resources, 100–101


liver diseases, 273


management of, 95–96
 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health 509
 

pregnancy and, 84, 92–94


risk factors, 84–86


treatment of, 96–98


types of, 86–90


Avian flu, 404–405


Ayurveda, 377
 

Baby blues. See Postpartum depression


Bacterial vaginosis, 122


Balance activities, 341


Balance problems


aging and, 229


Barium enema, 414, 417


Barrett’s esophagus, 269


Basal cell cancer, 60


BDD. See Body dysmorphic disorder


Behavioral risk factors, 10–11. See also
 

specific diseases


Behavioral therapy, 217, 356


Beta blockers, 20, 31


Bile ducts, 268


Biliary cirrhosis, 273


Binge eating, 214


Biofeedback, 356, 375


Biological therapy, 63


Biopsies, 414


Bipolar disorder, 214


Bird flu, 404–405


Birth control pills/patch


autoimmune diseases and, 94


bleeding disorders and, 106


breastfeeding and, 201


cancer and, 54


heart disease and, 21


side effects, 162, 164


stroke and, 41


Black cohosh, 370


Bladder, 251


Bleeding disorders


causes of, 104–105


diagnosis of, 105


fertility issues, 114


pregnancy and, 105, 114


symptoms of, 105


treatment of, 106


types of, 106


Blood coagulation, 104


Blood disorders
 

anemia, 109–113


bleeding disorders, 104–107


bone marrow disorders, 114


case story, 116


causes of, 104


clotting disorders, 107–109


fertility issues, 114–115


information resources, 117


management of, 115


pregnancy and, 114–115


treatment of, 106


types of, 103–104


Blood gases test, 280
 

Blood glucose, 72–76, 414, 416


Blood pressure


diabetes and, 74


heart disease and, 20–21


pregnancy and, 178


stroke and, 40


Blood tests, 414, 416


Blood transfusions
 

HIV infection and, 142


BMD. See Bone mineral density tests
 

BMI. See Body mass index


Body dysmorphic disorder, 214


Body mass index, 22–23


Body piercing, 313


Body systems, 386–390


Body weight, 329


Bone health, 225–226


Bone mineral density tests, 414, 416


Borderline personality disorder,


215–216 

BPD. See Borderline personality 

disorder
 

Brain aneurysm, 42


Brain attack. See Stroke
 

Brain health, 226–228, 345


Brain tumors, 56


Braxton Hicks contractions, 181


BRCA genes, 53, 408


Breast cancer
 

risk factors, 53, 57


screening for, 62


symptoms, 57


Breast exams, 414, 416


Breast health, 160


Breastfeeding


advantages of, 187–188


allergies to milk, 200–201


autoimmune diseases and, 94


babies with special needs, 196


birth control and, 201


breast size and, 199


breast surgery and, 199


case story, 204


diet and, 199–200


during emergencies, 397


environmental toxins and, 202


expression of breast milk, 196–198


going back to work, 197–198


holding babies, 193


how the breast makes milk, 188


human milk banks, 196


illnesses and, 199


information resources, 205


judging amount of milk produced,


194–195
 

lactation consultants, 191


learning to breastfeed, 189–192


medicines and, 199


National Breastfeeding Helpline, 191


physical activity and, 201


pregnancy and, 202–203


preventing biting, 202
 

public breastfeeding, 198


pumping, 196–198


sexual activity and, 201


sexually transmitted infections and,


129
 

smoking and, 201–202


suckle instinct, 189


tips, 192


vaccines and, 202


vitamin D intake, 202


waking babies, 195


Breech presentation, 182, 377


Bronchitis, 284


Bronchodilators, 282–283


Bronchoscopy, 280, 414


Bulimia nervosa, 214


Burning mouth, 297


Burns, 308


BV. See Bacterial vaginosis
 

C-reactive protein, 91


CAD. See Coronary artery disease


Calcium, 326


Calcium channel blockers, 20, 31


Calluses, 308


Calories, 318


CAM. See Complementary and 


alternative medicine 

Cancer
 

aging and, 228


case story, 66


diagnosis of, 62–63


emotional effects, 65


fatigue prevention, 64–65


fertility and, 64


fitness and, 343–344


government resources, 434


information resources, 67


pain prevention, 64–65


risk calculator, 426


risk factors, 51–56


screening for, 61–62


survival of, 65


symptoms, 56–61


treatment, 63–64


types of, 56–61


Candidiasis, 145


Canker sores, 297


Carbohydrates, 323


Cardiac arrest, 33


Cardiovascular system, 387


Caregiver stress, 406–407


Carotid endarterectomy, 39


Carpal tunnel syndrome, 360


Cavities, 295


CBE. See Clinical breast exams
 

CCP. See Citrulline antibody


Celiac disease, 272–273, 275


Cellulite, 308


Cellulitis, 308


Centers for Medicare and Medicaid 


510 The Healthy Woman: A Complete Guide for All Ages 
 

 

Services, 432


Cervical cancer
 

AIDS-related, 146


risk factors and symptoms, 57


screening for, 62


Cervical cap, 163


Cervix, 154


Cesarean sections, 182


CFS. See Chronic fatigue syndrome


Chemicals. See also Environmental 


health 

cancer and, 55


respiratory diseases and, 287–288


Chemotherapy


oral health and, 299


side effects of, 63


Chest x-rays, 280, 414


Children
 

health resources, 429–431

impact of violence, 238


Chinese herbal medicines, 376


Chiropractic adjustments, 373–374


Chlamydia, 122, 416


Cholesterol
 

diabetes and, 74


diet and, 25


gallstones and, 268


heart disease and, 18–20


medicines, 31


nutrition and, 325


screening, 416


stroke and, 40


Chronic bronchitis, 284


Chronic fatigue syndrome, 94, 359


Chronic kidney disease, 260–261


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,


228, 284–286


Chronic pain, 346–360, 351–352


Cigarette smoking. See Smoking


Circulatory system, 387


Citrulline antibody, 91


CKD. See Chronic kidney disease


Clinical breast exams, 414


Clotting disorders, 107–108


Clotting factor concentrates, 106


CMS. See Centers for Medicare and 


Medicaid Services
 

Coagulation, 104


COBRA, 435


Cognitive decline, 227–228, 345–346


Cognitive therapy, 217, 356


Cold sores, 298, 308


Colonoscopy, 62, 414, 417


Colorectal cancers
 

risk factors and symptoms, 57


screening for, 62, 416–417

Colostrum, 187–188

Communication tips, 392–393

Complementary and alternative 

medicine
 

cancer and, 64
 

case story, 379


conventional medicine and, 367–368


energy medicine, 372–373


information resources, 380


label regulations, 370


mind-body medicine, 375–376


reasons for use, 368–369


selecting a therapist, 378


therapies that adjust the body, 373–


375
 

treatments found in nature, 369–372


use of, 368


whole medical systems, 376–379


Complex regional pain syndrome, 358


Computed tomography scans, 30, 43,


62, 280, 414


Condoms, 130–131, 140, 162–163


Consolidated Omnibus Budget 


Reconciliation Act, 435


Contraception, 161–163. See also Birth 


control pills/patch


COPD. See Chronic obstructive 


pulmonary disease


Coping behaviors, 211


Corns, 308


Coronary angiography, 30


Coronary artery bypass surgery, 31–32


Coronary artery disease, 15–16. See also
 

Heart disease
 

Corticosteroids, 282


Crabs. See Pubic lice
 

Cranberry, 371


Crohn’s disease, 271


CRP. See C-reactive protein


CT scans. See Computed tomography 


scans
 

Cyberstalking, 246


Cystic fibrosis, 281


Cystocele, 257


Cystoscopy, 253


Cytomegalovirus retinitis, 146
 

Dandruff, 309


DASH. See Dietary Approaches to Stop 


Hypertension


Deep breathing exercises, 356


Deep vein thrombosis, 108


Defibrillators, 33


Dementia, 227–228


Dental amalgam, 295–296


Dental bridges, 300


Dental dams, 140


Dental exams. See Oral health
 

Dental implants, 300


Dentures, 300


Depression


aging and, 222, 228


fitness and, 345


heart disease and, 26–27


postpartum, 210, 215, 218
 

pregnancy and, 178, 183, 215, 218


stroke and, 45


types of, 213–214


Desmopressin acetate, 106


Diabetes. See Gestational diabetes; Type 


1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes


Diagnostic tests, 414–416


Diaphragms, 163


DIC. See Disseminated intravascular 


coagulation

Diet. See Nutrition 

Dietary Approaches to Stop 

Hypertension, 24–25


Dietary supplements, 327


Dietitians, 318


Digestive health


autoimmune disorders, 90, 270–271,


273
 

case story, 276


celiac disease, 272–273, 275


diagnosis of digestive disorders,


274–275
 

gallstones, 268, 274


gastroesophageal reflux disease,


269–270, 274


gluten-free diets, 273


how the digestive system works,


265–266
 

inflammatory bowel disease, 271–272,


275
 

information resources, 277


irritable bowel syndrome, 267, 274


lactose intolerance, 269


liver diseases, 270, 273


pregnancy and digestive system 


problems, 266, 271


symptoms of digestive system 


problems, 266


treatment of digestive disorders,


274–275
 

Digestive system, 387


Diphtheria booster vaccine, 417


Disaster preparedness, 396–397


Disease risk calculators, 426


Disease risk factors, 10–12. See also
 

specific diseases

Disseminated intravascular coagulation,

109
 

Diuretics, 20


Doctor consultations, 392–393


Dong quai, 371


Doulas, 191


Drug labels, 398–399


Drug use


HIV infection and, 141–142


mental health and, 214


stroke and, 41


Dry mouth, 299


Dry skin, 229, 307–308


DVT. See Deep vein thrombosis


Dysmenorrhea, 156
 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health 511
Dyspareunia, 158


Dysthymia, 214
 

Ear health. See Hearing loss


Eating disorders, 214


ECG. See Electrocardiography


Echinacea, 371


Echocardiography, 30, 414


Ectopic pregnancies, 161, 171


Eczema, 309


Elder abuse, 243


Electrocardiography, 30, 281, 414


Electroencephalography, 414


Emergencies, 396–397


Emergency contraception, 163


Emphysema, 284


End-of-life issues, 231


Endocrine system, 388


Endometrial cancer, 58


Endometrial hyperplasia, 158


Endometriosis, 158


Endorphins, 355


Energy medicine, 372–373


Environmental health
 

autoimmune diseases and, 85–86


breastfeeding and, 202


indoor air, 400–401


lead, 402


mercury, 402–403


outdoor air, 400


pesticides, 403


pregnancy and, 170


respiratory diseases and, 287


water quality, 401


EPA. See U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency


Epilepsy, 228


Episiotomy, 182


EPT. See Expedited partner therapy


Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 91


ESR. See Erythrocyte sedimentation 


rate 

Estrogen


cancer and, 54


gallstones and, 268


heart disease and, 28


Ethnic factors
 

autoimmune diseases and, 85–86


chronic disease and, 227


hypertension and, 20


mental health and, 212–213


sexually transmitted infections and,


stroke and, 39


violence and, 235


Evacuations, 396–397


Exercise stress test, 414


Expedited partner therapy, 133


Eye problems
 

aging and, 230


screening for, 417
 

Fallen bladder, 257


Fallopian tube, 154


Falls prevention, 226


Family health history


autoimmune diseases and, 84–86


cancer and, 52–53, 408


genetic risk factors, 11–12, 408–409


heart disease and, 26


high risk factors, 418–421


immunizations, 418–421


importance of, 11–12


screenings, 418–421


sickle cell disease and, 110, 408


stroke and, 39–40


tests, 418–421


Family planning, 163


Family therapy, 217


Fats, 321, 324–325


FDA. See U.S. Food and Drug 


Administration
 

Fecal occult blood test, 62, 414, 416


Female athlete triad, 156


Female condoms, 131, 140, 163


Fertility


blood disorders and, 114–115

cancer treatment impact, 64


Fetal problems, 178


Fiber, 323


Fibromyalgia, 94, 358–359


Fifth disease, 179


Fitness. See also Physical activity


amount of physical activity needed,


339
 

balance activities, 341


case story, 348


doctor approval, 339


getting started, 347


health problems and, 342–344


information resources, 349


menopause and, 346–347


pregnancy and, 346


safety tips, 347


strength-training activities, 340


stretching activities, 341


types of, 337–338, 339


Flexible sigmoidoscopy, 62, 416


Fluorescent antinuclear antibody, 91


Fluoride, 295


FM. See Fibromyalgia
 

FOBT. See Fecal occult blood test
 

Folic acid
 

heart disease and, 28–29


nutrition and, 325


pregnancy and, 170


Food-borne illnesses
 

pregnancy and, 174
 

Free clinics, 434


Fruits, 320
 

GAD. See Generalized anxiety disorder


Gallstones, 268, 274


Gastroesophageal reflux disease, 269–


270, 274


Gastrointestinal system, 387


Gated single photon emission computed 


tomography, 30


Generalized anxiety disorder, 213


Genetic counseling, 409


Genetic mutations
 

cancer and, 52–53

Genetic risk factors, 11–12, 408–409.

See also Family health history


Genital herpes, 123


Genital warts, 126


GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux 


disease
 

Gestational diabetes, 71, 178, 180, 184


Ginger, 372


Gingivitis, 296


Ginseng, 371


Glossary, 437


Glucose tolerance tests, 72


Gluten-free diets, 272–273


Gonorrhea, 124


Government programs, 432–435


Grains, 319


Graves’ disease, 87, 93


Group health insurance, 435


Group therapy, 217


Guided imagery, 356


Gum diseases
 

aging and, 228


risk calculators, 426


risk factors, 296
 

HAART. See Highly active 

antiretroviral therapy

Hair health
 

caring for hair, 305–306, 310–311


case story, 314


common conditions, 309


hair loss, 311


hirsutism, 311


information resources, 315


polycystic ovary syndrome and, 311


trichotillomania, 312


Hair removal, 312


Halitosis, 298


Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 87, 92


HBV. See Hepatitis B


HDL. See High-density lipoproteins


Head lice, 309


Health behaviors, 10–11, 221–223


Health insurance, 432–435
 

512 The Healthy Woman: A Complete Guide for All Ages 

121 
 

Health Insurance Portability and 


Accountability Act, 435


Health resources. See Information 


resources
 

Health risk factors, 10–12. See also
 

Family health history; specific 


diseases
 

Health scams, 222


Hearing loss


aging and, 230


screening for, 417


Heart attack
 

defined, 16


warning signs, 17


Heart chambers, 16


Heart disease
 

aging and, 228


arrhythmia, 32–33


cardiac arrest, 33


case story, 34


coronary artery disease, 15–16


dental work and, 301


diabetes and, 21, 72, 74


diagnosis of, 30, 416


diet and, 24–25


fitness and, 342


heart attack warning signs, 17


heart failure, 32


how the heart works, 16


information resources, 35


living with heart disease, 33


prevention of, 28–29


questions for health professionals, 29


risk calculators, 426


risk factors, 18–28


stroke risk and, 40


treatment, 30–32


Heart failure, 32


Helicobacter pylori bacteria, 56
 

Hemophilia, 107


Hemorrhagic stroke, 38


Henna, 312


Hepatitis A, 270


Hepatitis B, 55–56, 125, 178, 270


Hepatitis C, 55–56, 270


Herbal medicines, 376


Herpes simplex virus type 1, 298


Herpes zoster vaccines, 417


High blood pressure


aging and, 228


heart disease and, 20–21


pregnancy and, 178


stroke and, 40


High-density lipoproteins


heart disease and, 18–19


stroke and, 40


Highly active antiretroviral therapy, 146


HIPAA. See Health Insurance 


Portability and Accountability Act


Hirsutism, 311


HIV. See Human immunodeficiency 


virus
 

HMBANA. See Human Milk Banking


Association of North America
 

Hodgkin lymphoma, 59


Homeopathy, 377–378


Hormone therapy, 63. See also
 

Menopausal hormone therapy


HPV. See Human papillomavirus
 

HSV-1. See Herpes simplex virus type 1


Human immunodeficiency virus. See 


also Acquired immunodeficiency 


syndrome


aging and, 228


case story, 150


diagnosis of, 142–143


difference from AIDS, 139


government resources, 434–435


information resources, 151


oral health and, 299


pregnancy and, 150


prevention of, 140, 143


psychosocial issues, 148


research concerning, 148–149


risk factors, 144


symptoms of, 144–145


transmission of, 140–142


treatment of, 146–147


types of tests, 143


Human Milk Banking Association of 


North America, 196


Human papillomavirus, 55, 126


Human papillomavirus vaccine, 134,


164, 417


Hyperemesis gravidarum, 179


Hypertension


aging and, 228


heart disease and, 20–21


pregnancy and, 178


stroke and, 40


Hypnosis, 375–376


Hypoglycemia, 76


Hysterectomies, 160, 225
 

IBCLC. See International Board 


Certified Lactation Consultant
 

IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease
 

IBS. See Irritable bowel syndrome
 

IC. See Interstitial cystitis


Illegal drug use


HIV infection and, 141–142


mental health and, 214


stroke and, 41


Immunizations, 202, 416–421


Impetigo, 309


Implantable rods, 161


Incontinence, 229


Indoor air, 400–401


Induced labor, 182


Infections
 

cancer and, 55–56


Infertility


autoimmune diseases and, 94
 

risk factors, 171


treatment, 171


Inflammatory bowel disease, 271–272,


275
 

Influenza
 

aging and, 230


prevention of, 289


vaccines, 417


Information resources
 

aging, 233


autoimmune diseases, 100–101


blood disorders, 117


breastfeeding, 205


cancer, 67


children’s health, 429–431


complementary and alternative 


medicine, 380


digestive health, 277


disease risk calculators, 426


fitness, 349


general health, 424–425


hair health, 315


health insurance, 432–435


heart disease, 35


kidney health, 263


men’s health, 427–428


mental health, 219


nutrition, 335


oral health, 303


pain, 364


pregnancy, 185


reproductive health, 166


respiratory health, 291


sexually transmitted infections, 137


skin health, 315


stroke, 48


type 2 diabetes, 80


urinary health, 263


violence, 249


Inherited risk factors. See Family health 


history


Injection drug use


HIV infection and, 141–142


Insulin-dependent diabetes, 70


Insulin resistance, 70


Insurance resources, 432–435


International Board Certified Lactation 


Consultant, 191


Interstitial cystitis, 257–258


Intimate partner violence


forms of, 238–239


pregnancy and, 240


prevention of, 240


risk factors, 241


safety plans, 241–242


warning signs, 240–241


Intracerebral hemorrhage, 38, 44


Intrauterine devices, 161


IPV. See Intimate partner violence


Iron, 326


Iron deficiency anemia, 112


Irritable bowel syndrome, 267, 274
 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health 513
 

Ischemic stroke, 37–38, 43–44


Isotretinoin, 307


Itching skin, 229


IUDs. See Intrauterine devices
 

Juvenile diabetes, See Type 1 diabetes 

Kava, 371


Kegel exercises, 181, 256


Kidney health. See also Urologic health


chronic kidney disease, 260–261


how women’s urinary systems work,


251
 

information resources, 263


treating kidney problems, 252
 

La Leche League, 191


Labor and delivery, 181–182


Lactation consultants, 191


Lactational amenorrhea method, 201


Lactose intolerance, 173, 269


LAM. See Lactational amenorrhea 


method
 

Laparoscopy, 415


LDL. See Low-density lipoproteins
 

Lead, 402


Leukemia
 

development of, 51


risk factors, 58


symptoms, 58


Life energy therapies, 372–373


Lipoproteins, 18–19


Listeria, 174


Liver cancer, 58


Lochia, 182


Low-density lipoproteins


diet and, 25


heart disease and, 18–19


stroke and, 40


Low-income households
 

heart disease and, 27


Lung cancer


diagnosis of, 287


differences between men and wome n,


285
 

risk factors, 59


symptoms of, 59, 287


treatment of, 286–287


Lung disease. See Respiratory health
 

Lupus, 84, 90, 93


Lymphangeiomyomatosis, 281


Lymphoma


AIDS-related, 146


development of, 51


risk factors and symptoms, 59
 

Magnetic resonance imaging, 43, 415


Magnetic therapy, 372
 

Major depressive disorder, 214


Makeup, 312


Male condoms, 130, 140, 162


Mammograms, 62, 164, 415–416


Massage, 374–375


MCI. See Mild cognitive impairment


Meats, 320


Mechanical Embolus Removal for 


Cerebral Ischemia system, 44


Medicaid, 433


Medical history, 415


Medicare, 78, 432–433


Melanoma, 60


Meningococcal vaccines, 417


Menopausal hormone therapy


benefits and risks of, 224


bone health and, 226


cancer and, 54


heart disease and, 28


stroke and, 41


Menopause


complementary and alternative 


medicine, 370–371


coping with symptoms, 224–225


depression and, 210


heart disease and, 26


hormone therapy, 28, 41, 54


hysterectomy and, 225


physical activity and, 346–347


premature, 157


stroke and, 39, 41


Menorrhagia, 156


Men’s health resources, 427–428


Menstrual cycles, 155–157, 210


Mental health. See also Stress
 

alcohol drinking and, 211


case story, 218


causes of mental illness, 212


factors affecting, 207–208


fitness and, 345


getting help, 216–217


groups affected by mental illness,


212–213
 

hormones and, 210


information resources, 219


mental illness stigma, 216


pregnancy and, 215


screening, 416


stress and, 208–210


suicide prevention, 216


taking care of, 210–212


treating mental illness, 217


types of mental disorders, 213–216


violence and, 236


women and, 213


MERCI. See Mechanical Embolus 

Removal for Cerebral Ischemia 

system

Mercury, 174, 402–403


Metabolic syndrome, 23, 71


Metals
 

cancer and, 55
 

Methadone, 354

MG. See Myasthenia gravis 

MHT. See Menopausal hormone 

therapy


Microbicides, 149


Migraine headache, 357


Mild cognitive impairment, 227


Milk and milk products, 320


Milk intolerance. See Lactose 


intolerance
 

Mind-body medicine, 375–376


Minerals, 326–327


Mini-strokes, 38–39


Minority women. See Ethnic factors
 

Miscarriage, 179


Mole exams, 417


Mood disorders, 213–214


Morning-after pill, 163


Movement/art/music therapy, 217


Moxibustion, 376, 377


MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging


Multiple sclerosis, 84, 87, 93


Myasthenia gravis, 88, 93


Myelodysplastic syndromes, 114


Myeloma, 59


Myeloproliferative diseases, 114


MyPyramid food guidance system, 318
 

Nail health, 307


National Suicide Prevention Lifeline,


216
 

Natural family planning, 163


Nerve stimulation therapy, 355


Nervous system, 388


Neurologic system, 388


Nitrates, 31


Nitroglycerin, 31


Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 59


Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,


353
 

NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs


Nurse consultations, 392–393


Nutrients, 319


Nutrition
 

alcoholic beverages, 327


breastfeeding and, 199–200, 202


calories, 318


carbohydrates, 323


case story, 334


changing habits, 321–322


dietary supplements, 327


eating away from home, 331–332


fats, 321, 324–325


fruits, 320


gluten-free diets, 273


grains, 319


A Healthier You, 318


healthy aging and, 221–222


healthy eating plan, 317–318


heart-healthy diet, 24–25
 

514 The Healthy Woman: A Complete Guide for All Ages 
improving food choices, 323, 333


information resources, 35


maintaining a healthy weight, 329


meats, 320


milk and milk products, 320


minerals, 326–327


nutrients, 319


nutrition facts labels, 328–329


oral health and, 294


personalized recommendations, 318


pregnancy and, 173


proteins, 320, 324


quick reference to basics, 323–327


research concerning, 332


salt, 321, 327


serving sizes, 330


sugars, 321


vegetables, 319


vitamins, 325–327
 

Obesity. See also Nutrition
 

case story, 334


fitness and, 342


heart disease and, 22–23


stroke and, 40


Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 213


Occupational therapy, 45


OCD. See Obsessive-compulsive 


disorder
 

Omega-3 fatty acids, 24–25


Oophoritis, 94


Opioids, 353–354


Oral cancer, 59, 297, 302


Oral candidiasis, 299


Oral contraception. See Birth control 


pills/patch


Oral health
 

burning mouth, 297


canker sores, 297


case story, 302


cavities, 295–296


chemotherapy and, 299


cold sores, 298


cosmetic issues, 301


disease risk calculators, 426


gum diseases, 296


halitosis, 298


healthy lifestyle and, 293–294


heart disease and dental work, 301


HIV/AIDS and, 299


information resources, 303


low-cost dental services, 301


oral cancer, 297, 302


oral exams, 294, 417


oral hygiene, 293


osteonecrosis, 298


pregnancy and, 300–301


radiation treatment and, 299


taste disorders, 298


teeth, 295


thrush, 299
 

tooth arrangement, 300


tooth loss, 300


types of oral health care providers,


294
 

xerostomia, 299


Orthodontics, 300


Osteoarthritis, 360


Osteonecrosis, 298


Osteopathy, 374


Osteoporosis


aging and, 225–226


autoimmune diseases and, 94–95


celiac disease and, 272


fitness and, 344


risk calculator, 426


OTC. See Over-the-counter medicines
 

Outdoor air quality, 400


Ovarian cancer, 53, 60


Ovarian cysts, 158


Ovaries, 154


Over-the-counter medicines, 399


Overweight. See also Nutrition
 

fitness and, 342


heart disease and, 22–23


Oxygen supplementation, 285


Oxytocin, 188
 

Pain
 

aging and, 229


case story, 363


causes of, 361


chronic pain, 351–352


chronic pain disorders, 356–360


diagnosis of, 352–353


getting help, 362


information resources, 364


injury-related pain, 360–361


management of, 353


medicines, 353–354


pain intensity scales, 352–353


therapies, 355–356


Painful bladder syndrome, 257–258


Painful sexual intercourse, 158


Pancreatic cancer, 60


Panic attacks
 

respiratory diseases and, 289


Pap tests, 62, 164, 415–416


Parvovirus B19, 179


PBS. See Painful bladder syndrome
 

PCOS. See Polycystic ovary syndrome
 

PE. See Pulmonary embolism


Pelvic exams, 164, 415–416


Pelvic floor problems, 158


Pelvic inflammatory disease, 129


Pelvic pain, 159


Perfusion imaging, 30


Periodontitis, 296, 426


Permanent makeup, 312


Personality disorders, 215–216


Pesticides, 403


PET scans. See Positron emission 


tomography


Pharyngeal cancer, 59


Phenylalanine, 173


Phobias, 213


Physical activity. See also Fitness
 

healthy aging and, 221


heart disease and, 23


pregnancy and, 174, 346


respiratory diseases and, 288–289


Physical exams, 415–416


Physical therapy, 45, 355


Physician consultations, 392–393


PID. See Pelvic inflammatory disease


Piercings, 313


Pigment disorders, 309


Pimples, 307


Pirbuterol, 283


Placental abruption, 179


Placental previa, 179


Plaque


heart disease and, 16


stroke and, 40


Plasma, 103


Plasma glucose tests, 72


Platelets, 103


PMDD. See Premenstrual dysphoric 


disorder
 

PMS. See Premenstrual syndrome


Pneumocystis pneumonia, 145


Pneumonia
 

aging and, 230


prevention of, 289


vaccines, 417


POF. See Premature ovarian failure
 

Polycystic ovary syndrome, 159, 311


Positron emission tomography, 415


Postpartum depression, 210, 215, 218


Posttraumatic stress disorder, 209, 212,


213
 

Potassium, 327


Preeclampsia, 179, 283, 346


Pregnancy. See also Breastfeeding;


Reproductive health


asthma and, 283–284


autoimmune diseases and, 84, 92–94


birth preparation, 180


blood disorders and, 105, 114–115


body changes, 175–177


breastfeeding and, 202–203


case story, 184


complications, 177–180


delivery, 181–182


depression and, 178, 183, 215, 218


digestive system problems and, 266,


271
 

ectopic, 161, 171


gestational diabetes, 71


high-risk, 173


HIV infection and, 142


infertility, 171


inflammatory bowel disease and, 271


information resources, 185
 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health 515
 

 

intimate partner violence and, 240


labor, 181–182


multiples, 177


newborn care, 182


nutrition, 173


oral health and, 300–301


physical activity, 174, 346


planned pregnancies, 170


preconception health, 169–170


prenatal care, 171–173


preventing food-borne illness, 174


preventing unintended pregnancy,


161–163
 

recovering from birth, 182–183


seatbelt safety, 174


sexual activity, 174


sexually transmitted infections and,


128–129
 

stages of, 172


stroke and, 41


unplanned pregnancies, 170


Prehypertension, 20


Premature menopause, 157


Premature ovarian failure, 94, 156–157


Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 214


Premenstrual syndrome, 156, 214


Prenatal care, 171–173


Prescription drug assistance, 434


Preterm labor, 179


Primary biliary cirrhosis, 273


Progesterone


cancer and, 54


GERD and, 270


Progestin


cancer and, 54


heart disease and, 28


Progressive muscle relaxation, 356


Prostaglandin, 156


Proteins, 320, 324


Pseudobulbar affect, 45


Psoriasis, 309


Psychoanalysis, 217


Psychological therapy, 356


Psychotherapy, 45, 217


PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder
 

Pubic lice, 125


Pulmonary arterial hypertension, 281


Pulmonary embolism, 108


Pulmonary function tests, 280


Pulmonary rehabilitation, 285
 

Qi energy, 373
 

Race. See Ethnic factors
 

Radiation therapy


oral health and, 299


side effects of, 63


Radon
 

cancer and, 54


Rectal exams, 417
 

Red blood cells, 103


Red clover, 371


Reiki, 373


Renal system, 390


Reproductive health. See also
 

Breastfeeding; Pregnancy; Sexually 


transmitted infections
 

breast health, 160


caring for, 153


checkups, 164, 416


disorder symptoms, 158–159


hysterectomies, 160


information resources, 166


menstrual cycle, 155–157


preventing unintended pregnancy,


161–163
 

reproductive organs, 154–155


uterine fibroids, 165


Reproductive system, 389


Research volunteers, 410–411


Resources. See Information resources
 

Respiratory health


asthma, 281–284, 286


case story, 290


chronic bronchitis, 284


chronic obstructive pulmonary 


disease, 284–286


diagnosis of respiratory disease,


280–281
 

emphysema, 284


how the respiratory system works, 279


information resources, 291


lung cancer, 285–287


preventing respiratory disease, 287–


289
 

rare lung diseases, 281


sleep apnea, 287


symptoms of respiratory disease, 280


Respiratory system, 389


RF. See Rheumatoid factor
 

Rheumatoid arthritis, 84, 88, 93


Rheumatoid factor, 91


RICE treatment, 360


Risk factors, 10–12. See also Family 


health history; specific diseases


Rosacea, 309
 

SAD. See Seasonal affective disorder
 

Safety-net facilities, 434


Salt, 321, 327


SANE. See Sexual Assault Nurse 


Examiner
 

Sarcoidosis, 281


Saturated fats, 325


Scabies, 309


Scams, 222


SCHIP. See State Children’s Health 


Insurance Program


Schizophrenia, 214


Scleroderma, 89, 93


Screening tests, 414–421. See also
 

specific disease


Sealants, 295


Seasonal affective disorder, 214


Second opinions, 394–395


Secondhand smoke, 54


Self-esteem, 210–211


Senility, 226–227


Sensitive skin, 307


Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner, 244


Sexual problems


aging and, 231


urologic health and, 261


Sexual violence, 242–245


Sexually transmitted infections


breastfeeding and, 129


case story, 136


dangers of, 121


emotional effects, 135


health impact of, 128


information resources, 137


informing partners, 133


pregnancy and, 128–129


protection from, 129–132


screening, 164, 416


sexual responsibility, 134–135


transmission of, 119–120


treatment of, 128, 133


types of, 122–128


Shingles, 230, 310, 417


Sickle cell disease, 110, 113, 408


Sigmoidoscopy, 415


Single photon emission computed 


tomography, 30


Sjögren’s syndrome, 89, 93


Skeletal system, 388


Skin cancer, 60


Skin health
 

age spots, 306


aging and, 229


caring for skin, 305–306


cellulite, 308


common conditions, 308–310


cosmetic practices, 312–313


dry skin, 307–308


information resources, 315


mole exams, 417


pimples, 307


rashes, 306


sensitive skin, 307


stretch marks, 308


Skin patch. See Birth control pills/patch


Sleep apnea, 24–25, 283, 287


Sleep deprivation


heart disease and, 27–28


Sleep problems


aging and, 231


Smoking


breastfeeding and, 201–202


cancer and, 52


fitness and, 345


healthy aging and, 222


heart disease and, 21
 

516 The Healthy Woman: A Complete Guide for All Ages 
 

 

 

 

 

oral health and, 293–294


pregnancy and, 170


respiratory diseases and, 287–288


stroke and, 40


Snoring, 24–25


Social anxiety disorder, 213


Sodium, 321, 327


Soy, 371


SPECT. See Single photon emission 


computed tomography


Speech therapy


stroke and, 45


Spermicides, 163


Sphincter muscles, 251


Spirometry, 415


Sponges, 163


Squamous cell cancer, 60


St. John’s wort, 370


Stalking, 245–247


State Children’s Health Insurance 


Program, 433


Stents, 31, 39


Sterilization surgery, 161


STIs. See Sexually transmitted infections


Strength-training activities, 340


Stress. See also Mental health
 

caregivers and, 406–407


heart disease and, 26–27


mental health and, 208–210


pregnancy and, 170


respiratory diseases and, 289


Stress urinary incontinence, 262


Stretch marks, 308


Stretching activities, 341


Stroke
 

aging and, 229


case story, 47


choosing a hospital, 43


diagnosis of, 43


effects of, 44–45


fitness and, 343


information resources, 48


mini-strokes, 38–39


prevention of, 42


risk calculator, 426


risk factors, 39–42


stroke centers, 43


symptoms of, 37


therapies for, 45–46


treatment, 43–44


types of, 37–38


Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 38, 42


Substance abuse/addiction


HIV infection and, 141–142


mental health and, 214


stroke and, 41


Sudden cardiac arrest, 33


Sugars, 321


SUI. See Stress urinary incontinence


Suicide prevention, 216


Sunlight


cancer and, 53–54
 

skin health and, 306


Sunscreen, 306


Surgical sterilization implants, 161


Syphilis, 127


Systemic lupus erythematosus, 84, 90,


93
 

t-PA. See Tissue plasminogen activator


Tamoxifen, 53


Taste disorders, 298


Tattoos, 312


Teeth whitening, 301


Temporary insurance, 435


Temporomandibular joint disorders, 358


Tension headache, 356


Tetanus-diphtheria booster vaccine, 417


Thalassemia, 113


Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, 25


Therapeutic touch, 373


Thrombocytopenia, 107


Thrombolytic agents, 31


Thrombophilia


causes of, 107–109


diagnosis of, 108


fertility issues, 115


pregnancy and, 115


symptoms of, 108–109


treatment of, 108–109


Thrush, 299


Thyroid cancer, 61


Thyroid tests, 416


Thyroiditis, 84


TIA. See Transient ischemic attack
 

Tissue plasminogen activator, 43–44


TLC. See Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes
 

TMJ. See Temporomandibular joint 


disorders
 

Tobacco use. See Smoking


Tongue studs, 301


Toxoplasmosis, 146, 174


Traditional Chinese medicine, 376–377


Transient ischemic attack, 38–39


Trichomoniasis, 128


Trichotillomania, 312


Triglycerides, 18–19


Tubal pregnancies, 161


Tuberculosis, 146


Tumors. See Cancer
 

Type 1 diabetes, 70


Type 2 diabetes. See also Gestational 


diabetes
 

aging and, 228


blood glucose levels and, 72–76


body parts affected by, 72


case story, 79


cause of, 69–70


checkups, 77


diagnosis of, 72, 416


emotional effects, 78


fitness and, 343


health effects of, 72
 

health factors, 73–74


heart disease and, 21, 72, 74


hypertension and, 20–21


information resources, 80


management of, 74–75


paying for care, 78


pregnancy and, 173


prevention of, 71


risk calculator, 426


risk factors, 70–71


stroke and, 41


tracking health status, 76–78


treatment of, 75


warning signs, 72
 

UI. See Urinary incontinence


Ulcerative colitis, 271, 276


Ultrasound, 415


Ultraviolet rays


cancer and, 53–54


Unsaturated fats, 324


Ureters, 251


Urethra, 251


Urinary incontinence, 254–255, 262


Urinary stones, 259–260


Urinary system, 390


Urinary tract infections, 180, 252–253


Urologic health. See also Kidney health
 

case story, 262


cystocele, 257


how women’s urinary systems work,


251
 

information resources, 263


interstitial cystitis, 257–258


keeping a bladder diary, 252


Kegel exercises, 256


painful bladder syndrome, 257–258


sexual relations and, 261


symptoms of urologic problems, 252


treating urologic problems, 252


urinary incontinence, 254–255, 262


urinary stones, 259–260


urinary tract infections, 252–253


U.S. Department of Agriculture, 318


U.S. Department of Health and Human 


Services, 318


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,


400, 403


U.S. Food and Drug Administration,


368, 370


USDA. See U.S. Department of 


Agriculture


Uterine fibroids, 156, 159, 165, 180


Uterus, 154


UTIs. See Urinary tract infections
 

Vaccines, 202, 416–421


Vagina, 155


Vaginal births, 182


Vaginal ring, 162
 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health 517
Vaginitis, 159


Vasectomies, 161


Vegetables, 319


Vegetarian diets


pregnancy and, 173


Ventricles, 16


Ventricular fibrillations, 33


Violence
 

case story, 248


children and, 238


cycle of, 242


elder abuse, 243
 

forms of, 236, 238–247


impact of, 235–238


information resources, 249


intimate partner violence, 238–242


sexual violence, 242–245


stalking, 245–247


women at risk, 235


Vitamin D supplements, 202


Vitamins, 325–327


Vitiligo, 84, 310


Volunteers, research, 410–411


von Willebrand disease, 106
 

Vulva, 155


Vulvodynia, 159
 

Water quality, 401


White blood cells, 103


Whole grains, 319
 

Xerosis, 307


Xerostomia, 299
 

518 The Healthy Woman: A Complete Guide for All Ages