Panasoffkee River Spring Group 

Lake Kissimmee 

Lake 

Tohopekaliga 

St. Johns River 

Withlacoochee 

River 

Ocklawaha 

River 

Lake Griffin 

Lake Dora 

Lake 

Monroe 

Lake

 Harney 

St. 

Johns 

River 

 Kissimmee River 

ATLANTIC OCEAN 

GULF 

OF 

MEXICO 

4 

40 

70 

80 

50 

40 

10 

20 

30 

50 

40 

20 

30 

50 60 

0 

-10 

60 

40 

20 

30 

30 

10 

10 

40 

70

60 

30

20 

30 

50 

50 

40 

0 

50 

80 

70 

10

20 

110 

110 

100 

90 

10 

50 

70 

70 

0 

10 

-10 

20 

30 

10 

20 

50 

100 

80 

80 

90 

60 

40 

30 

20 

40 

30 

10 

30 

30 

50 

10 

30 

60 

20 

50 

40 

120 

Prepared in cooperation with

ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3070

SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon, 2009, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 2008 

83°00' 82°00' 81°00' 80°00' 

N 

GEORGIA 

FLORIDA 

SRWMD 

31°00' 

SJRWMD 31°00' 

SWFWMD MAP AREA 

SFWMD 

82°30' 81°30' 80°30'
 

31°30' 

INTRODUCTION 

This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management

District and vicinity for September 2008. Potentiometric contours are based on water­level measurements collected 

at 589 wells during the period September 15-25, near the end of the wet season. Some contours are inferred from 

previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper

Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow.

Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and 

areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns

River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals

locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows

from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours. 

SUMMARY OF HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS 

ADDITIONAL REFERENCE 

Long-term hydrographs of ground-water levels for continuous and periodic wells are available at

internet site: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/gw 

Measured values of the potentiometric surface ranged from 11 feet below NGVD29 near Fernandina Beach, Florida

to 127 feet above NGVD29 in Polk County, Florida. Rainfall totals during the wet season were above average from 

record-setting rainfall produced by Tropical Storm Fay during the period August 18-24, 2008. This event was preceded

by several months of below-average rainfall which resulted in the average water level of the network in September 2008

being only about 4 feet higher than the average in May 2008. Seasonal differences in network average water levels 

generally range from 4 to 6 feet. For 581 wells with previous measurements, September 2008 levels ranged from about

2 feet below to about 20 feet above May 2008 water levels. The greatest increase in water levels was observed in Hardee

County. 

For 568 wells with previous measurements, September 2008 levels ranged from about 7 feet below to about 11 feet 

above September 2007 water levels. The average water level of the network in September 2008 was about 3 feet higher

than the average in September 2007. 

30°30' 

30°30' 

CHARLTON CAMDEN 

34 34 34 31 38 

Boulogne 

26

WARE
 

NASSAU 

31
 

-11
 

40 

19 

Fernandina

Beach 

46 Callahan 24 35 

34 

49
 49
 

48 34 36

37 39

48 34 

33
 

28
 

50

COLUMB


Jacksonville 33 BAKER 37 

30
 

IA
 52
 50 50 

Macclenny 49 

Lake City 58 

50
 

DUVAL
 

25
 

27
 33
 14
 

Jacksonv

51 53 

29
 

27
 

15
 

ill

Beach

e 

29
 

16
 

36
 

39
 

30°00' 

30°00' 

48 53 54 53 56

UNION

52 

51 

35 

32
 39
 

57
 53
 

28 

37 

30
 

30
 South

Ponte

Ichetucknee

Spri

16

19 

25
 

ngs Group

30 36 34 

28 

49 

Lake Butler 56 

62 67 Green Cove 68 29 Springs

Cove Spr

Vedra Beach 

Starke 

33
 34 46
 

27
 

Spr

23

28 

Sante Fe

ing 

River

Group 25 33
 41
 

BRADFORD

59 

59 

78
 

Green

CLAY
 

ings 30 

46
 30
 

29
 

73
 

27
 

EXPLANATION
 

POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR -- Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly

50 cased wells. Hatchures indicate depressions. Contour intervals 10 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD29. 

Dashed where inferred
 

STATE WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT BOUNDARY


SJRWMD -- St. Johns River Water Management District

SRWMD -- Suwannee River Water Management District

SFWMD -- South Florida Water Management District

SWFWMD -- Southwest Florida Water Management District
 

37 SURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced

to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 

31 SURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced 

to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29
 

40 UNSURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated

from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 

38 UNSURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated 

from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 

SPRING -- Line indicates direction of spring outflow 

FLOWING BOREHOLE 

47 SINKHOLE -- Surface collapse feature exposing the Upper Floridan aquifer. Where measured, number 

is altitude of water level in feet above NGVD29 

NOTE: The potentiometric contours are generalized on a regional scale to portray water levels in a dynamic

hydrolgic system taking due account of the variations in hydrogeologic conditions such as well-depth differences,

non-simultaneous measurements of water levels, variable effects of pumping, and changing climatic infulence. The 

potentiometric contours, thus, may not conform exactly with individual measurements of water level.

32
 

33 43

33 

35
 

GILCHRIST


39 

35
 

34
 

Mill Creek

Sink 38
 

55
 66
 

74 75

67
 

76
 

77
 

44
 

S


25
 17
 

t. Augustine 

37
 

41 43

43 

44
 50
 

76 Keys

Heigh

tone

ts 

69
 23
 

38
 38

39 

38
 

42 

44 

ALACHUA
 

40
 

Ga

28
 

i

44

nesv

43
 

ill

77
 

81
 

77 71 21

Hasti

ST.
JOHNS

16
 

Crescent Beach 

Crescent Beach

Spring (submarine) 

29°30' 

29°30' 

44
 

12
 

18
 

47
 

75 

PUTNAM 42 16

FLAGLER 

e 76 

28
 

77
 49
 29

Palatka 18 

19
 

ngs

16 17
 

17
 7
 

16
 

67
 

Orange 61 Springs 

31 

29 

26
 

14
 

6
 

Blue Spring 47 

53
 52
 

LEVY
 

54
 

Devil's Den

Wi

S

l

i

l

nk

ist

47
 Orange

52

Lake 

56
 

55
 

Orange

Spri

Ocklawaha

Spri

55

Bl

Spr

ue

i

on

47 48
 

Wekiva

Springs

47
 

Black Sink

MAR
I


50

ON
 

56

Fort McCoy 

ng 

ngs 

River

Group 21
 

ngs

22 9
 Beecher

Spr

32
 12 17
 

Salt Springs 12

25 

Croaker Hol

Spri

e

ng 19
 

ings

13 

11
 

47 45

46
 

Salt

Springs 18
 

13 

9 

Crescen

Ci

26 

t

24

t 

10
 

y 

Bunnell

11 

8
 

Flagl

Beach

er 

32
 

11
 

17
 7
 20
 

17
 12

18 

Sil

26
 46
 

Spr ngs

41 46 45 50 

ver

i Swee

Big Spring 555


Little Spring 28
 

29°00' 

29°00' 

Yankee

4 5

72
 

37
40
 

Ocala 43 

Silver Glen

Springs 2 

water

Spri

t

ngs 

Lake

George 

16
 

9
 

20 24
 

7 Ormond

Beach

Rai

37 

nbow Springs 

43

45 

50

Juniper Springs

Fern Hammock

Springs

Juniper Creek

Tributary Seepage

47 19

28 33
 

town 

33 Dunnell

5
 15
 

19

13 

13 53

8 

41on

53 50 45
 

46
 

47
 

48
 

54 51
 44
 Al

1
 

6
 Holder 

2 2
 

Crystal Ri

Spring Group

4 5 

ver 5
 

33
 

40 

Gum Big Bl Springs Spring 

49
 51
 

41

exander

Spri

18 

33 Ponce De

Spr

Leon19

26
 

Day ona

Beach

t

18
 

i

ngs 20

19 

ngs

9 34
 

1
 

52
 48
 

40
 

37
 

14
 

ue 

8
 

37
 

2 2

Spr

Homosassa

i

C

ngs

I

8

TRUS
 

20

28
 

12
 I


39

nverness 

SUMTER


43 

50
 

49
 

49
 

19
 

Ruth Spri

Po

ng

tter

Chassahowitzka

Springs 

Spri

7 

ng 9
 16
 

55

12 59

40

33 

40 

40
 

40
 

Fenney

Springs 

52

Lady Lake

54 

53
 

Altoona 43
 

45
 

DeLand 

38
 

22
 

66
 

40
 

Leesburg 

58
 

Umatilla

58
 

38
 

30


28
 

21
 

27
 5
 New Smyrna Beach 

11


Blue 

21
 

Spr ngs

Orange Ci

15 

i

t

30


y 

Lake

Eus

Lake

44

Panaso

59
 

12

HERNANDO
 

18 38 Noblet

42
 76
 

ffkee

77 

51 56

54 

Bugg

Spring

66
 

Lake

Harri

tis

Tavares 

Eustis Seminol

Spri

Messan

Spring

t Gemini

24

Springs 

25
 

e 

19

VOLUS
IA
 

53
 

ngs

50 

70
 

on

37

33 64 

Bushnell

83 

78
 

80

79 

82
 

ngs

LAKE
 

Spr ngs
 

Holiday


Spri


Bl

i

s 

ue 

66
 

Wolf Sink 

43

Fall

Wekiva

s Resor

Island

Spring 22
 

t 

36
 

Sanford 19
 14
 

5
 

56

61 

Weki

Rock Spri

wa Springs

Starbuck

ngs 

22M

50
 

5

9 

16
 30
 

39
 

83 74

87 

87
 

Lake

Apopka 

San ando

Springs

Alt

Spri

l

iami Spri

ng Pa

Brooksville 

50
 

100
 

28°30' 

28°30' 

EXPLANATION

CHANGE IN THE

POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE,

FROM SEPTEMBER 2007

TO SEPTEMBER 2008,

27°30' IN FEET 27°30' 

14 48 62

12 

73
 

17 35
 27
 

90 94
 

10


51
 

98
 

90
 Cl

82

ermon

Apopka

Spring

72 

78 

Spr

amon

i

t 

62
 52 50 

54 Or

ngs 

l

45 

l

Lake Mary 20

33 Geneva 

m Spr

48

te

ings 

ngs SEMINOLE 11

l

Ovedo 

22
 

13
 

Winter 

ando 

Park 

37
 

17
 Titusvil e 

59
 

PASCO
 

68
 

62 61 103 

64 110 71 116
 

82 70

85 

67
 Pi

51 ne Castle 

41

ORANGE
 

Christmas 

18
 14
 

15
 

84
 

71
 

Dade City 88
 Eva 

102
 

60
 

47 36
 

36
 

67 65
 75
 

104
 

107
 

77
 

ngs 

62 

59 

66

65 72 

80 123

125 102
 

126
 90
 

28 Merritt

Kissimmee East Lake 46 45 Island

57 Tohopekali

48
 

43
 

37 37 37
 

20
 

25
 

Cocoa 

22
 

62
 

ga 

85
 127
 126
 

70 87
 

92 Polk City 62 

51
 

Saint

49

Cloud

48
 

42
 38 39

41
 29
 

Cocoa Beach 

45
 

39
 

Crystal Spri

127
 

93 96 95 95
 

28°00' 

28°00'

HILLSBOROUGH
 

92 88 88 95 and82 

109
 

116 121 72 53
 51 Holopaw 

44
 

40
 

Lakel

Cypress

Lake 

53
 

43
 

Eau Gal

30

lie 

Tampa 76
 

95
 

73
 

116 81
 

Winter Haven 

68
 

OSCEOLA


49 

Melbourne

32 

44
 

42 39
 34
 

102
 

60


Lake Wales 58
 49
 42
 

74
 Bart 104 107
 

BREVARD
 

ow 102
 

36
 

71
 

POLK 

83 73 89

Fort Meade Frost

86

proof 

74
 94
 98 82

84 

45

Kenansville 

45
 

43
 36
 

64 

47 45 

53 40
 

44
 

73
 83
 

45
 42
 

73
 

Yeehaw

Juncti

45
 

Blue

Cypress 

44

Lake 38 33 

69
 Avon Park 42 32

85
 

on 

INDIAN

43
 

RIVER
 

34


36

36 

Vero Beach 

<= -5.00

-4.99 to 0.00 

> 0.00 to 4.99 

5.00 to 9.99 

>= 10.00 

Wauchula Fort Drum 

36 45 40

HARDEE

59 Sebring

84 49
 47
 40
 42
 

56
 

65
 

49
 Basi

47
 

42

Lake OKEECHOBEE

Placid HIGHLANDS

70 

51 

nger 

43
 

ST LUCI


38 Fort Pierce

E 

Arcadia 49

DESOTO 

51
 

47 44 Okeechobee

48 

27°00' 

27°00' 

50 48 Stuart

46 51 50 

50 

50 50 MARTIN

48 Lake Okeechobee Palmdale 

Jupiter 50

GLADES 

West Palm Beach 

HENDRY PALM BEACH

26°30' 

26°30' 

0 10 20 30 Miles 

0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles 

0 10 20 30 Kilometers 0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers 

Figure 1. Change in potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer from

September 2007 to September 2008 in northeast-central Florida. Positive values

indicate an increase in water-level altitudes. Negative values indicate a

decrease in water-level altitudes. 

83°00' 82°30' 82°00' 81°30' 81°00' 80°30' 80°00'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 This report is available online at

State Plane Florida East projection, NAD 1983 POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER IN THE ST. JOHNS RIVER http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pubs/

WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT AND VICINITY, FLORIDA, SEPTEMBER 2008


By

Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon

2009 

52