[Cite as Gerst v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2022-Ohio-86.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

Jessica Gerst, : 

 Appellant-Appellant, : No. 21AP-65 

 (C.P.C. No. 20CV-1352) 

v. : 

 (REGULAR CALENDAR) 

Ohio Department of Transportation et al., : 

 Appellee-Appellee. : 

 

D E C I S I O N 

Rendered on January 13, 2022 

 

On brief: Olsheski Law Co., LPA, and Jessica L. Olsheski, for 

appellant. Argued: Jessica L. Olsheski. 

On brief: Dave Yost, Attorney General, and Jared T. Erb, for 

appellee. Argued: Jared T. Erb. 

 

APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas 

JAMISON, J. 

{¶ 1} Appellant, Jessica Gerst, appeals from a judgment of the Franklin County 

Court of Common Pleas, affirming an order of the State Personnel Board of Review 

("SPBR"), denying appellant's request for reclassification of her position with Ohio 

Department of Transportation ("ODOT"). For the reasons that follow, we affirm the 

judgment of the court of common pleas. 

I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶ 2} Appellant is employed by ODOT, in a position classified as a Human Capital 

Management ("HCM") Senior Analyst, Pay Range 12. Appellant believes her actual job 

duties exceed those described in the HCM Senior Analyst classification, therefore, in July 

2019, she requested the Ohio Department of Administrative Services ("DAS"), conduct a 
No. 21AP-65 2 

job audit. Appellant sought to be reclassified from the position of HCM Senior Analyst, 

Pay Range 12 to HCM Manager, Pay Range 14. DAS determined appellant's position was 

properly classified as a HCM Senior Analyst and declined to reclassify her position. 

{¶ 3} Appellant filed an appeal to the SPBR. An Administrative Law Judge 

("ALJ"), held an evidentiary hearing and filed a Report and Recommendation 

recommending that SPBR affirm the DAS director's determination. Appellant filed 

objections to the Report and Recommendation and SPBR adopted the ALJ's Report and 

Recommendation and affirmed the DAS determination that appellant's position was 

properly classified. 

{¶ 4} Appellant then filed an appeal to the Franklin County Court of Common 

Pleas. The court of common pleas affirmed SPBR's order. Appellant filed a timely notice 

of appeal from the court of common pleas judgment.

II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR 

{¶ 5} Appellant assigns the following as the court of common pleas error: 

[1.] The trial court erred in finding that Ms. Gerst does not 

implement ODOT HR programs and sub-programs.

[2.] Ms. Gerst's work is agency-wide and there is no evidence 

to support classification as a senior analyst; thus the trial court 

erred in affirming the agency decision. 

 

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

{¶ 6} In an administrative appeal, pursuant to R.C. 119.12, the court of common 

pleas reviews an order to determine whether it is supported by reliable, probative, and 

substantial evidence and is in accordance with the law. In applying this standard, the 

court must "give due deference to the administrative resolution of evidentiary conflicts," 

although "the findings of the agency are by no means conclusive." Univ. of Cincinnati v. 

Conrad, 63 Ohio St.2d 108 (1980). Reliable, probative, and substantial evidence has been 

defined, as follows: 

(1) "Reliable" evidence is dependable; that is, it can be 

confidently trusted. In order to be reliable, there must be a 

reasonable probability that the evidence is true. (2) "Probative" 

evidence is evidence that tends to prove the issue in question; 

it must be relevant in determining the issue. (3) "Substantial" 
No. 21AP-65 3 

evidence is evidence with some weight; it must have 

importance and value. 

Our Place, Inc. v. Ohio Liquor Control Comm., 63 Ohio St.3d 570, 571 (1992). 

{¶ 7} The court of common pleas "review of the administrative record is neither a 

trial de novo nor an appeal on questions of law only, but a hybrid review in which the 

court 'must appraise all the evidence as to the credibility of the witnesses, the probative 

character of the evidence, and the weight thereof.' " Lies v. Ohio Veterinary Med. Bd., 2 

Ohio App.3d 204, 207 (1st Dist.1981), quoting Andrews v. Bd. of Liquor Control, 164 Ohio 

St. 275 (1955). The court of common pleas conducts a de novo review of questions of law, 

exercising its independent judgment in determining whether the administrative order is 

" 'in accordance with law.' " Ohio Historical Soc. v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 66 Ohio 

St.3d 466 (1993), citing R.C. 119.12. 

{¶ 8} Although appellant cites to the standard of review provided in R.C. 2506.04, 

the appropriate standard of review under these facts is pursuant to R.C. 119.12. 

"R.C. 2506.01 applies to an appeal from a decision of a political subdivision, and not an 

administrative appeal from a decision of a state agency, which is an 'instrumentality of 

the state' and not a 'geographic or territorial division of the state.' " Noe Bixby Rd. 

Neighbors v. Columbus City Council, 150 Ohio App.3d 305, 2002-Ohio-6453, ¶ 9, (10th 

Dist.), quoting Fair v. School Employees Retirement Sys., 44 Ohio App.2d 115, 119 (10th 

Dist.1975). 

{¶ 9} The standard of review is more limited for a court of appeals. A court of 

appeals does not determine the weight of the evidence. Rossford Exempted Village 

School Dist. Bd. of Edn. v. State Bd. of Edn., 63 Ohio St.3d 705 (1992). A court of appeals 

may only reverse a common pleas court's determination if the court of common pleas 

abused its discretion in finding reliable, probative, and substantial evidence to support 

SPBR's decision and in finding that it is in accordance with law. Roy v. Ohio State Med. 

Bd., 80 Ohio App.3d 675, 680 (10th Dist.1992). A trial court abuses its discretion when 

its ruling is "unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable." Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 

Ohio St.3d 217 (1983). To find an abuse of discretion, the appellate court must conclude 

that the trial court's ruling "lacks a 'sound reasoning process.' " State v. Morris, 132 Ohio 

St.3d 337, 2012-Ohio-2407, ¶ 14, quoting AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River Place Community 
No. 21AP-65 4 

Urban Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio St.3d 157 (1990). However, on the question of 

whether the board's order was in accordance with law, this court's review is plenary. Univ. 

Hosp., Univ. of Cincinnati College of Medicine v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 63 Ohio St.3d 

339 (1992), paragraph one of the syllabus. 

IV. LEGAL ANALYSIS

{¶ 10} Appellant's assignments of error are related and shall be addressed 

together. In appellant's first assignment of error, appellant contends that the common 

pleas court erred in finding that she does not implement ODOT Human Resource 

programs and subprograms. In appellant's second assignment of error, appellant 

contends that her work is agency wide and there is no evidence to support classification 

as a senior analyst; thus, the court of common pleas erred in affirming the agency 

decision. 

{¶ 11} R.C. 124.14(A)(1) requires the director of DAS to establish a job 

classification plan for all positions within state government. The director must group 

similar jobs within a classification, assign a title to each classification, describe duties, 

establish necessary qualifications, and assign a pay range to each classification. Ohio 

Adm.Code 123:1-3-01 provides that the DAS director may conduct job audits and allows 

a classified employee of a state agency to request a review of the classification of the 

position. R.C. 124.03(A) grants SPBR the power to hear appeals from DAS decisions 

regarding job audits.

{¶ 12} Ohio Adm.Code 124-7-03 provides that the SPBR shall compare the duties 

performed by the employee to the appropriate specifications and determine the 

classification which most appropriately describes the duties performed by the employee. 

In a job audit appeal, DAS must determine which job classification most closely 

corresponds to the duties the employee is actually performing. Ohio Dept. of Mental 

Retardation & Dev. Disabilities v. Ohio Dept. of Adm. Serv., 44 Ohio App.3d 144 (10th 

Dist.1988.) 

{¶ 13} The SPBR must meet two requirements in order to conduct a proper review 

for reclassification purposes, as follows:

"First, the record must reflect that the board compared the 

relevant class specifications with the duties actually performed. 

* * * This comparative review requires an examination in each 
No. 21AP-65 5 

case of both the actual duties performed, a qualitative factor, 

and the time spent performing those duties, a quantitative 

factor. * * * Second, if the board decides that certain job-related 

factors are of paramount importance, there must be substantial 

evidence in the record which supports that decision." 

Bell v. State Dept. of Adm. Serv., 10th Dist. No. 93AP-626 (Sept. 9, 1993) (citations 

omitted), quoting Ford v. Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, 67 Ohio App.3d 755, 758 (10th 

Dist.1990). See also Satterfield v. Ohio Dept. of Rehab., 10th Dist. No. 96APE01-97 (June 

25, 1996.) 

{¶ 14} In this case, appellant requested a job audit and sought to be reclassified 

from the position of HCM Senior Analyst, Pay Range 12 to HCM Manager, Pay Range 14. 

When completing her job audit questionnaire, appellant described the "main purpose" of 

her job as "to serve as a human resources manager to my assigned districts and divisions 

with all of their needs, regarding sub-programs and advanced human resource programs, 

functions, plans, and projects. I approve position descriptions and ePars [electronic 

Personnel Action Requests] on behalf of the director of a decentralized agency. 

Additionally, I advise higher level and lower-level HCM staff on complex issues related to 

human resource programs, serve as a subject matter expert to the highest level of 

management within the Ohio Department of Transportation (i.e., deputy directors, HCM 

Managers, and HCM Senior Analysts) regarding human resource functions." (Job Audit 

Questionnaire "JAQ" Packet at 3.) (Emphasis sic.) Further, appellant provided that 80 

percent of her time is spent "[s]erv[ing] as Central Office (CO) Human 

Resources Coordinator for ODOT by coordinating advanced Human Resource (HR) 

subprograms * * *." (JAQ Packet at 4.) Appellant further stated that she does not develop 

policies or supervise other employees. Appellant is one of 6 employees in her position 

and each one is assigned to 2 of the 12 ODOT districts. 

{¶ 15} Appellant's supervisor, Renee Szymanski, provided that, "The main purpose 

of the employees [sic] job is to serve as a 'coordinator' to her assigned districts and 

divisions with all of their needs regarding sub-programs and advanced human resource 

programs, functions, and projects." (Emphasis sic.) (JAQ Packet at 9.) Further, 

Syzmanski testified that appellant can autonomously "approve PDs ["positions 

descriptions"] within the scope and standard structure of ODOT. Those outside of the 
No. 21AP-65 6 

norm, it is expected that there's discussion with myself [sic] for direction." (Nov. 15, 2019 

Tr. at 33.) Syzmanski also testified that in approximately March or April 2019, she and 

Brian Brown, ODOT's Chief HR Officer, examined the class concept and they determined 

that the Senior Analysts were appropriately classified based on the job duties they were 

performing. Brown indicated that appellant does not assist her customers with all of their 

HR needs because there are other HR offices and sections that provide HR support to the 

agency, such as benefits, payroll, labor relations, training, and safety. Further, Brown 

disagreed with appellant's assessment that she advises the highest level of management. 

Brown provided that appellant does not advise the Assistant Directors and the Director, 

which are the highest levels within the agency, and moreover, he expects that she would 

not advise her District and Division Deputy Directors on complex issues without 

consulting her supervisor. 

{¶ 16} The DAS director determined that appellant's job was properly classified, 

and the ALJ agreed, concluding, as follows:

It does appear that the HCM [Human Capital Management] 

Senior Analyst can sometimes be correctly placed in a nonsupervisory specialist role with functional oversight over 

certain advanced HR [Human Resources] processes, even 

upon an agency wide basis. In contrast, the HCM [Human 

Capital Management] Manager may be relegated to supervise 

staff implementing any basic HR programs across the agency. 

The fact that all Appellant's work is tied to distinct districts or 

divisions excludes her from the HCM [Human Capital 

Management] classification. 

(Feb 18. 2020 Report and Recommendation at 3.) 

{¶ 17} The court of common pleas examined the record to determine whether the 

SPBR compared the relevant class specifications of HCM Senior Analyst and HCM 

Manager with appellant's actual duties and the time spent performing those duties. 

{¶ 18} The court of common pleas noted that appellant admitted that her job 

duties and the time spent performing those duties are not disputed " 'and are accurately 

described by the A.L.J in his Report and Recommendation.' " (Decision and Entry at 6, 

quoting Mem. in Support of Objection at 23; Brief to Common Pleas Court at 4.) Those 

duties as described by the ALJ and adopted by the SPBR and examined by the court of 

common pleas are as follows: 
No. 21AP-65 7 

There is little dispute regarding Appellant Gerst's job duties. 

Gerst does not supervise. She spends 80 percent of her time 

approving position descriptions, electronic personnel action 

requests, establishing position specific minimum 

qualifications, and engaging in workforce planning for two 

districts and several divisions within ODOT. ODOT is a large 

decentralized agency with 12 districts. It maintains a central 

office in Columbus, Ohio comprising multiple divisions. 

{¶ 19} The ALJ examined the two relevant class concepts for both the HCM Senior 

Analyst and the HCM Manager. The class concept for the HCM Senior Analyst provides: 

[S]erve as human resources coordinator for agency, district, 

division or institution (i.e. coordinate one or more advanced 

human resources sub-programs, or coordinate advanced &/or 

non-advanced human resources sub-programs & supervise 

assigned staff, or manages & oversees all personnel activities 

for assigned institution); completes assignments characterized 

by analysis of materials & application of professional HR 

principles in the performance of complex HR assignments, 

independently makes complex determinations &/or 

recommendations based on thorough analysis of facts. 

{¶ 20} The class concept for HCM Manager provides, in pertinent part: 

[S]erve as agency human resources manager (i.e., on behalf of 

agency, responsibly direct implementation of human resources 

subprograms), or do preceding & supervise assigned staff, or, 

in Department of Administrative Services Human Resources 

Division, independently develop & implement policies & 

procedures for effective oversight of one or more statewide 

programs[.] 

(Classification Specification at 1.) 

{¶ 21} We note that appellant does not supervise staff and does not work in DAS, 

thus, the only applicable part is the direct implementation of human resources programs 

on behalf of the agency. 

{¶ 22} The SPBR concluded that the HCM Manager classification includes duties 

performed upon an agency wide basis as contrasted with the HCM Senior Analyst, which 

includes duties performed either at the agency level or any subsidiary level, such as the 

district and division. The ALJ noted that the distinction involves: 

The lower level HCM Senior Analyst is permitted to 

independently make complex determinations regarding 
No. 21AP-65 8 

advanced human resources programs upon an agency wide 

basis. Yet, the higher level HCM Manager need only 

responsibly direct implementation of any human resources 

subprograms upon an agency wide basis. The series uses the 

term "coordinate" for the Senior Analyst and "direct" for the 

Manager. 

(Emphasis sic.) (Feb. 18, 2020 Report and Recommendation at 2.) 

{¶ 23} Appellant argued to the court of common pleas and to this court that she 

approves position descriptions on behalf of the ODOT Director and only central office 

staff, such as those in her position, have the authority to sign personnel action requests 

and position descriptions for employees on behalf of the ODOT Director. Further, she 

testified that in her approval of Position Descriptions from the districts, sometimes those 

documents flow from HCM Managers, a higher-level position than hers, yet she has the 

signature authority for the ODOT Director. 

{¶ 24} The ALJ, SPBR, and court of common pleas considered these arguments 

and found that they do not support appellant's assertion that her duties fall within the 

classification of HCM Manager. 

{¶ 25} Szymanski testified that "everyone within the employment service class and 

comp section, all of the analysts and myself [sic] would have – would have that [signature] 

authority." (Tr. at 40.) 

{¶ 26} The ALJ concluded that "[i]t does appear that the HCM Senior Analyst can 

sometimes be correctly placed in a non-supervisory specialist role with functional 

oversight over certain advanced HR processes, even upon an agency wide basis. In 

contrast, the HCM Manager may be relegated to supervise staff implementing any basic 

HR program across the agency." (Feb. 18, 2020 Report & Recommendation at 3.) Finally, 

the ALJ found that "[t]he fact that all Appellant's work is tied to distinct districts of 

divisions excludes her from the HCM Management classification." Id. 

{¶ 27} Appellant argues to this court that she has agency wide signature authority 

because on any given day, she could work on districts other than her two assigned ones 

because she could substitute for another employee assigned to different districts. 

However, appellant fails to recognize that such signature authority remains within a 

distinct district and is not agency wide, despite the fact that she could substitute in any of 

the districts. Further, the class specifications for the HCM Senior Analyst provide that 
No. 21AP-65 9 

the analyst composes, processes, approves, and enters personnel actions. The signature 

authority is an inherent part of the process to approve actions. 

{¶ 28} The court of common pleas determined that SPBR did compare the relevant 

class specifications with appellant's actual duties and analyzed the time spent performing 

those duties to determine that the most appropriate class concept was the HCM Senior 

Analyst. The class specifications distinguish between the HCM Analyst coordinating 

subprograms for specific divisions and districts, while a HCM Manager implements 

subprograms across the entire agency. Appellant coordinates subprograms within her 

assigned districts or even those that are not her assigned districts, but she does not 

implement subprograms agency wide. She does not apply HR programs across the entire 

ODOT agency as required by the HCM Manager position. 

{¶ 29} The second inquiry the court of common pleas needed to determine is 

whether there is substantial evidence in the record that supports the SPBR decision that 

certain job-related factors are of paramount importance to a job classification. The 

Classification Series for Human Capital Management provided the following: 

At the first managerial level, incumbents serve as agency 

human resources manager (i.e., on behalf of the agency, 

responsibly direct implementation of human resources subprograms), or do preceding & supervise assigned staff[.] 

 * * * 

"Human Resources Sub-Programs" is defined, as follows: 

Personnel Actions (e.g., creating, processing entering, filing, 

routing, approving & auditing for compliance; 

Position Descriptions (e.g., creating, processing, entering 

filing, routing & approving); 

Workers' Compensation (e.g., tracking, processing, monitoring 

& entering); 

Disability Coordination (e.g., tracking, processing, monitoring 

& entering); 

Unemployment (e.g., tracking, processing, monitoring & 

entering); 
No. 21AP-65 10 

Health Benefits (e.g., enrolling, changing advising, informing 

& correcting); 

Selection (e.g., screening, scheduling & interviewing); 

Recruitment (e.g., researching, analyzing, advertising & 

branding); 

Organizational Design (e.g., maintaining table of organization, 

advising managers, coordinating structures analyzing needs & 

succession planning); 

FMLA (e.g., tracking, claim certification, advising & 

monitoring; 

OIL (e.g., tracking, claim certification advising & monitoring; 

ADA (e.g., tracking advising and monitoring); 

Certification (e.g. creating lists, managing lists, coordinating 

usage, tracking, filing, routing, approving & processing); 

Performance Evaluation (e.g., coordinating, tracking, 

approving & advising); 

HR Data Management (e.g., collecting data, analyzing trends, 

planning workforce needs, implementing strategic human 

resources initiatives/action plans); 

Employee recognition programs (e.g., tracking, coordinating, 

monitoring & advising); 

Employee wellness programs (e.g., planning, coordinating & 

advising). 

(Classification Specification at 1-2.) 

{¶ 30} The employee is required to fulfill the function statement or the class 

concept of the classification at least 20 percent of the time to be properly classified. See 

Ohio Adm.Code 123:1-3-01(D). Appellant argues that she performs 9 of the 15 major job 

duties on a "regular and frequent basis." (Appellant's Brief at 14.) Appellant admitted 

that there are 6 major job duties of the HCM Manager that she does not do, including 

responsibilities related to benefits, payroll, labor relations and training and safety. She 

has regular supervision and oversight from her supervisor. Additionally, 80 percent of 

her duties consist of approving position descriptions, noncomplex electronic personnel 
No. 21AP-65 11 

action requests, establishing position specific minimum qualifications and engaging in 

workforce planning for two districts within ODOT. 

{¶ 31} Szymanski testified that the Senior Analyst, "on a daily basis a large 

majority of what they're doing is receiving position descriptions, receiving EPARs or 

personnel actions from the districts and/or requests from their division folks[.]" (Tr. at 

26.) Further, she provided that the Senior Analysts "have responsibility for reviewing and 

approving those EPARs that are temporary in nature; so a temporary hire, seasonal hire, 

any type of temporary change. Those EPARs that are more permanent in nature; such as 

a permanent hire, permanent rehire, a promotion, a demotion, a lateral class change, 

those go to a manager for approval." (Tr. at 27.) Szymanski also testified that "[i]n 

addition to position descriptions and EPARs and the recruit select hire process, 

[appellant] and the other analysts in central office are responsible for e-performance, 

monitoring, tracking, reviewing and approving e-performance documents." (Tr. at 28.) 

Further, the analysts "are responsible for the PSMQs ["position specific minimum 

qualifications"] and ensuring that if needed, an actual job analysis is conducted and that 

we obtain approval through [the] Department of Administrative Services for those 

PSMQs." (Tr. at 29.) 

{¶ 32} The Human Resource Director of DAS, Maggie Toal, testified DAS 

determined appellant was properly classified because the Senior Analyst classification is 

written to coordinate advanced subprograms and non-advanced subprograms for her two 

assigned districts and the manager classification was not appropriate because none of the 

subprograms she implements are on a statewide basis, but specific to assigned districts. 

The ultimate responsibility for statewide implementation for subprograms is on 

management, not the senior analyst. Further, Toal provided that "[t]he work the position 

performs is monitored and approved by the supervisor, therefore the position is not 

directing implementation, rather the position is coordinating with the advice and input 

of the supervisor." (DAS Job Audit Report at 7.) 

{¶ 33} Appellant argues that the class specification does not use language requiring 

statewide implementation. Toal testified that the language provided in the manager 

position requires "direct implementation" on behalf of the agency, which is interpreted as 

on behalf of the entire agency of ODOT. (Tr. at 48.) 
No. 21AP-65 12 

{¶ 34} Syzmanski's testimony and portion of the JAQ Packet support the 

conclusion that appellant's job duties were properly classified as a HCM Senior Analyst. 

Szymanski stated that the job descriptions were a "pretty accurate depiction of the job 

duties being performed." (Tr. at 24.) While appellant can approve some position 

descriptions without supervisory approval, Szymanski interacts with appellant daily and 

reviews position descriptions that are outside the norm. (Tr. at 33.) Szymanski and 

Brown explored the possibility of reclassifying the position and determined that the 

Senior Analysts were "not currently performing the job duties" of an HCM Manager. 

(Tr. at 34.) Syzmanski further provided that appellant "has not yet been involved in 

classification proposals, the duties associated with classification proposals, duties 

associated with the Annual AASHTO Salary Survey, or coordinating and conducting 

orientation." (JAQ Packet at 9.) Thus, SPBR compared the relevant class specifications 

with the duties actually performed, and there is substantial evidence supporting the jobrelated factors that are of paramount importance. 

{¶ 35} As a result, there is reliable, probative, and substantial evidence supporting 

the SPBR's decision to classify appellant's job duties as HCM Senior Analyst and not as a 

HCM Manager and the order is in accordance with the law. The court of common pleas 

did not abuse its discretion in affirming the SPBR order. Appellant's two assignments of 

error are overruled. 

V. CONCLUSION 

{¶ 36} For the foregoing reasons, appellant's two assignments of error are 

overruled. The judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. 

Judgment affirmed. 

 KLATT, and SADLER, J.J., concur. 

_____________