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Ashland NFWCO
 Midwest Region
 ***Dedicated To Tribal Aquaculture Programs***
          Fish Jumping
              **December 1996 ~ Volume 18****Coordinator:
Frank G. Stone 
(715-682-6185) Ext. 12
U.S. Fish and
                  Wildlife Service
Email: [email protected]** Topics
  of Interest: MTAN ArrowTribal Resource Programs May Be Required To Pay For NETC  Courses
      MTAN ArrowWalleye Culture Manual
      MTAN ArrowManaging Around Cool Water Disease Problems
      MTAN ArrowClinical Signs of Toxicosis
      MTAN ArrowProduct Manufacturers
      MTAN Arrow2.5 Hatchery Tips
      MTAN ArrowLast Word - New Fish Truck to FDL     Tribal Resource Programs May Be Required To Pay Tuition For  NCTC Courses **By: MTAN** The MTAN was informed that due to administrative changes  within the National Conservation Training   Center (the NCTC is a  branch of the US Fish and Wildlife Service) they have adopted a new policy that  may require Tribal Resource Program participants to pay for the costs of their  tuition. Previously, these cost were waved for all Tribal programs. The MTAN  was told that to help insure that tuition cost will be paid by the NCTC, Tribal  programs will need to specifically request a tuition waver (via a cover letter)  when you apply for each training course. Although this will not insure an  automatic waver, it will set up the process to further review your application.  If no cover letter is sent, then the tuition will NOT be paid by the NCTC. If  you are selected for the course, a letter from the NCTC will be sent to you to  confirm your entry into the course and your request for the tuition waver.  The "Walleye Culture Manual" Is: Wonderful,  Cumulative, Magnificent **By: MTAN** After years of planning it's finally out and ready for your  implementation. The Walleye Culture Manual is a magnificent culmination of fish  culture work by numerous contributors. For the walleye hatchery worker this  document will soon become the last word in total educational awareness regarding  the care and propagation of walleye. The book centers its educational approach  around several case studies. All of which focus on the following content areas: Reproductive Biology and Spawning
        Collection and Culture of Broodfish
        Transportation
        Culture in Drainable Ponds
        Culture in Undrainable Ponds
        Intensive Culture of Walleye Fry
        Habituating Pond-Reared Fingerlings to Formulated Feed
        Walleye as a Food Fish
        Cage Culture
        Water Reuse System
        Hybrid Walleye
        Diet and Nutrition
        Genetic Markers and Stock Identification
        Selective Breeding
        Diseases and Chemotherapeutics
        Economic Analysis The MTAN has attached a copy of the front cover plus  ordering information from the Walleye Culture Manual. This really is a MUST BUY  if your program is involved in the rearing of walleye.  Managing Around Cool Water Disease Problems **By: Rodney Horner, Fish Pathologist, Illinois Department of  Natural Resources** Aquaculturists wishing to raise cool water species have few  weapons in their chemical arsenal to use against disease. Formalin may be used  to control fungus on musky and northern pike eggs, but not on walleye eggs.  Formalin may also be used to treat parasites on largemouth bass but not on cool  water species. There are no legal antibiotics at all. As a result, all the  cool water fish farmer can do is try to manage around disease by paying close  attention to stress management, including fish behavior, environment and  nutrition. This paper discusses various areas where conditions for the fish can  be optimized and the disease organisms placed at a disadvantage. Water is the place where all culture starts and can spell  the difference between success and failure. With the medicine chest empty, you  will be far ahead of the game if you can start with heated, degassed well  water. We use simple packed column degassers on each tank. Often, simple  manipulation of the water temperature is an effective way to combat columnaris  disease. Although optimal temperature for the fish is 68-70 F, by lowering the  water temperature to 62 F columnaris is placed at a disadvantage. Using circular tanks is another simple but effective way to  deal with a host of problems. Circular tanks are self cleaning and in various  depths and sizes can spell the difference between success and failure in the  critical period when the fish are being trained to accept a pelleted diet. The flow  in circular tanks tends to orient the fish end to end and present fewer cross  targets which set off a predatory response. Special attention must be paid to  fish density during the period of training to accept pelleted diets. At no time  during this period should the density exceed 0.9 lb/cu ft. Problems with the feed can swiftly precipitate disease. Feed  particle size can be critical. Screening the feed to improve uniformity of  particle size and remove fines can help prevent nonuniform growth. In escocids,  growth rates are often an inch or greater per week. If one animal gets a larger  sized food particle than another, and does this very often, it will soon be a  few millimeters longer than its neighbors. It will then attempt to cannibalize  its brothers and sisters by seizing them by the throat. The attack will fail,  but the wounds in the throat of the attacked fish will develop a fungus  infection and the affected fish will die. Similar fungus problems can also be  the result of inadequate protein content in the feed, swiftly precipitating  nutritional gill disease and fungus. Poor environmental conditions because of  fines in the feed can also precipitate bacterial gill disease and result in  fungus problems. The difficulty in managing around problems with such swiftly  growing fish is the rapidity with which problems develop. Literally everything  can be fine in the morning and beyond the point of no return by afternoon.  Decisions such as changing feed particle size must be made with the knowledge  that you will be sacrificing the smaller individuals in the population. Salt treatments are helpful in treating parasites, fungus,  and relieving stress, combined with temperature and density manipulations. Hydrogen peroxide (H202) has shown some activity against fungus  on warm water fish. As a result, we have begun tolerance testing against cool  water fish. Small fingerling walleye (< 2") are the most sensitive to  the chemical followed by tiger musky and musky. With few chemicals available it is imperative to anticipate  problems before they develop and head them off. The only way to do this is to  be a close observer of your fishe's behavior.  Clinical Signs of Toxicosis **By: Fred Meyer USFWS (retired) and Lee Barclay - USFWS, 18th  and C St., N.W. 330 Arlington Square Build., Washington, D.C.** Few of the signs related to fish poisoning are unique to a  particular compound or group of compounds. For example, if adequate oxygen is  available in the water at the time of exposure, cyanide poisoning results in  bright red gills and blood because the available oxygen cannot be used at the  tissue level. This condition might lead an investigator to assume that water  conditions were normal; however, there will be hemorrhages and blood clots in  the liver and viscera. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting compounds (e.g.,  organophosphates or carbamates) reduce brain levels of cholinesterase activity,  induce a forward positioning of the pectoral fins in moribund scaled fishes,  and may induce spinal abnormalities. High concentrations of nitrite can induce methemoglobinemia,  a condition that is characterized by brown blood. However, hydrogen sulfide can  also bind to hemoglobin to produce sulfhemoglobin, which also results in dark,  chocolate-colored blood. Exposure to sulfide reduces the level of cytochrome  oxidase in fish tissues and increases the levels of thiosulfate in the blood,  kidney, and spleen. The clinical signs listed must be observed in freshly dead  or moribund fish because they disappear soon after the fish die. Other signs  that have been observed in relation to toxicant-caused fish kills are listed  below. It should be noted that the listed signs are not strictly diagnostic as  to the cause of death, but they provide useful information in developing  evidence.  Product Manufacturers **By: MTAN** It's time once again for the MTAN to clean off the corner  desk of all those publications we all tend to accumulate over time. Some of the  listings that follow may have appeared previously in the MTAN, but because of  their importance to Tribal hatchery programs, and wanting to give you the  opportunity to select from a vast product assortment, the MTAN thought they  deserved to be revisited and placed on everyone's shopping list. **Sources that provide an all in one shopping service for the  aquaculture industry** ... Aquacenter, 166    Seven Oaks Rd., Leland, MS 38756,  800-748-8921
      ... Aquatic Eco-Systems, 1767 Benbow Court, Apopka,   FL 32703,  800-422-3939
      ... Aquanetics, 5252    Lovelock St., San Diego, CA 92110,  619-291-8444
      ... Boatcycle, Box    494, Henderson, TX   75653, 800-333-9154
      ... Keeton Industries, 300 Lincoln Court, Suite H, Ft. Collins, CO   80524, 970-493-4831
      ... Otterbine/Barebo, 3840 Main Rd. East, Emmaus,   PA 18049,  800-AER8TER
      ... Southern Aquaculture Supply, P.O. Box 326, 565 St. Marys St., Lake Village,   AR 71653,  800-850-7274
      ... Stoney Creek, 10073 Peach Ave., Grant,   MI 49327,  800-448-3873
      ... Zeigler Bros., P.O.    Box 95, Gardners, PA 17324,  800-841-6800  **Aerators/Water Agitators/Heating Systems** ... Aeration Industries International, P.O. Box 59144, Minneapolis,   MN 55495,  800-328-8287
      ... Aeromix Systems, 800-879-3677,
      ... Air-O-Lator, Dept No. A-195, 8100-04 Paseo, Kansas City, MO   64131, 800-821-3177
      ... Area, Inc., P.O.    Box 1303, Homestead, FL 33090,  305-248-4205
      ... Kasco Marine, 1925    Quinlan Ave. So., Lakeland, MN 55043,  612-436-7611
      ... Mino-Saver Agitators, Commerce Welding and Manufact.  Co., 2200 Evanston, Dallas, TX 75208, 800-527-5798
      ... Power House, 20    Gwynns Mill Court, Owings Mills, MD,
      ... Sibley Ind.,  Anderson, MO   64831, 800-467-6065
      ... Sweetwater, 407-886-3939 **Fish Feeders** ... Aquaneering, 619-296-5330
      ... Time Released (Pneumatic) Fish Feeders, Central Wisconsin Aquaculture, P.O. Box 236, 223 Sherman St., Marion,   WI 54950
      ... Eagar - Belt Feeders, P.O. Box 540476, No. Salt Lake, UT  84054, 800-423-6249
      ... Time Released (Pneumatic) Fish Feeders, Fischer ATR  Feeder, 207 Tyler Ave.,   St. Michaels, MD   21663, 800-745-3936  **Rearing Tanks** ... "Expandable" Fiberglass Tanks, Gemini, 14224  West First Dr., Golden, CO 80401, 303-278-0673  **Egg Incubation Systems** ... Eagar, P.O.    Box 540476, No. Salt Lake, UT  84054, 800-423-6249
      ... Plastic Egg Jars, Midland Plastics, 3605 No. 126 St.,  Brookfield, WI 53005, 414-781-6520  **Netting** ... J.A. Cissel, 1995    Rutgers Univ. Blvd., Lakewood, New Jersey 08701,  800-631-2234  **Pipes, Valves, Fittings** ... Industrial Thermoplastic Solutions, P.O. Box 5029, Evansville,   Indiana 47716,  800-262-4300  **2.5 Hatchery Tips** 1) The cheapest fish food to buy is sometimes the most  costly (in the long run) because of higher feed conversions and poor fish  health.
      2) If producing fish for market, growth rate/day is more  important then feed conversion rate because fish will go to market sooner,  which means lower overhead, faster turnover and more profits.
      2) If fish are jumping out of your tank try this screen type  blockade:  Screen Block   **The Last Word** The MTAN has just transferred a surplus fish distribution  truck to the Fond du Lac  Reservation. The truck is a 1983 Ford (370cc) with a 1,000 gallon fiberglass  tank. The truck has 76,000 miles of road experience and still runs very well.  The unit was released from the Neosho National Fish Hatchery. Thanks to  everyone involved for the continued effort to keep reliable equipment within  our Tribal hatchery programs.    **Return
          to MTAN selection pageReturn to Ashland NFWCO home pageReturn to Region 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service** Product and company
          names mentioned in this publication are for informational purposes only.
          It does not imply endorsement by the MTAN or the U.S. Government.
 
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