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ga7-20343 (LBSB-CB- 17wU6) CEVELCPNEBI GE A 

CCHPUIBTICNAL AEBC/FLUIES AHALYSlS SYS'IBB 

Final ReFort (LGCkheed dissiles and Space 

Cc-) 24 p CSCL 22Ei Unclas 

63/16 45307 

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTATIONAL 

AERO/FLUIDS ANALYSIS SYSTEM 

FINAL REPORT 

Contract NAS8-35774 

30 January 1987 

Prepared for 

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 

MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, A1 358 12 

by 

P.B. Kelley 

=>bemeed 

Missles & Space Company, lnc 

Huntsville Engineering Center 

4800 Bradford Drive, Huntsville, AL 35807 
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FOREWORD 

This final report is submitted by Lockheed Missiles & Space 

Company, Inc., Huntsville Engineering Center, to the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration's George C. Marshall Space 

Flight Center, Alabama, for Contract NAS8-35774 entitled 

"Development of a Computational Aero/Fluids Analysis System. '* 

The NASA-MSFC Contracting Officer's Representative for this 

contract was Mr. Charlie C. Dill, Jr., ED32. 

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Section 

FOREWORD 

1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 

2 TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 

3 

Table 

CONTENTS 

2.1 Scope of Work 

2.2 Equipment Requirements 

2.3 Aero/Fluids Analysis System Software 

2.4 Hardware Procurement, Installation, and Training 

2.5 Training and On-Site Instruction 

2.5.1 Computer System Use 

2.5.2 Analysis Software Use 

2.6 Summary 

AFAS USER PROCEDURES 

3.1 System Entry 

3.2 Menu Functions 

1 Equipment List 

Figure 

3-1 

3 -2 

3-3 

3-4 

3-5 

3 -6 

3-7 

3-8 

3-9 

3-10 

3-11 

LIST OF TABLES 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Main Menu 

Graph Options Menu 

Example of Overlay Plot 

Manual Scaling Menu 

Graph Parameters Menu 

Grid Lines on Major Divisions 

Grid Lines on Both Major and Minor Divisions 

Graph Iabels Menu 

Display of Label Positions 

Change Label Menu' 

Suppress Labels Menu 

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1. INTRODUCTION 

Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc., Huntsville Engineering Center, 

submits this final report to NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center's for Contract 

NAS8-35774 entitled "Development of a Computational Aero/Fluids Analysis 

S ys tem . " 

The Space Shuttle program provides MSFC with two unique and difficult fluid 

flow problems which requires continued analysis and refinement. 

external aerodynamic flows over the Shuttle surfaces and the internal gasdynamic 

flows in the SSME components. The large and expanding MSFC aerodynamic data 

base associated with the Shuttle flights necessitates the development of analysis tools and techniques that provides MSFC with the capability of rapidly and 

efficiently accessing, analyzing, and reformulating the data base as new data 

become available from wind tunnel tests and future flights. Configuration 

changes or performance enhancements to the Shuttle during the operational phase 

of the program require rapid assessment and evaluation of the aerodynamic 

effects on the vehicle. Increased Life of the SSME components is a continuing 

goal with the current engine configuration as well as for planned upratings of 

the SSME system. Fluid flow analyses of the engine components are essential to 

gaining an understanding of the current problem areas and to design better components for future engine modifications. Both of these fluid dynamics disciplines associated with the Shuttle required an analysis capability which can 

rapidly generate numerical data to investigate potential problems. 

tational Aero/Fluids Analysis System provides MSFC with the in-house analytical 

capability to perform state-of-the-art computational analysis in support of the 

Shuttle flights. 

These are the 

The CompuA discussion of the technical tasks completed during this contract is 

presented in Section 2. 

Aero/Fluids Analysis System (AFAS) is presented in Section 3. 

An overview of the procedures required for use of the 

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2. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 

2.1 SCOPE OF WORK 

Lockheed provided all of the personnel, equipment, and computer software 

required to develop a computational aero/fluids analysis system for MSFC. 

system has the capability of rapidly and efficiently performing aerodynamic 

analyses of test, flight, and theoretical data. The ability to rapidly generate SSME flow environments is a part of the overall capabilities. Lockheed 

developed, modified, and enhanced existing software to provide MSFC with a 

workable in-house capability. The software included in the analysis system 

provides 

stability and airloads data as a function of standard aerodynamic independent 

parameters, the ability to perform mathematical manipulations of these data, 

and the ability to generate three-dimensional flowfield and thermal environments in various components of the SSME. The assessment and development of 

the system included documentation, training courses and on-site instruction in 

use of the system by MSFC personnel. Lockheed demonstrated the overall system 

capabilities by analyzing example aerodynamic SSME problems. 

This 

the ability ta perform graphical compilation/comparisons of static 

The following paragraphs detail the specific equipment and computer software that Lockheed used to develop the Computational Aero/Fluids Analysis 

system for NASA-MSFC. 

2.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 

The external aerodynamic flow and internal gasdynamic flow associated 

with the Space Shuttle required an analysis system that can rapidly and 

efficiently access, manipulate, and reformulate the large and expanding MSFC 

Shuttle external aerodynamic data base while providing the capability to 

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numerically analyze complex fluid flow fields associated with the SSME system. 

This analysis system provides NASA-MSFC with the in-house analytical capability to perform state-of-the-art computational analysis in support of the 

Shuttle and future programs. 

In order to provide this computational capability, Lockheed purchased, 

delivered and installed at NASA-MSFC a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX 

11/750 computer system with the appropriate hardware and software as listed in 

Table 1. 

2.3 AERO/FLUID ANALYSIS SYSTEM SOFTWARE 

Lockheed provided an interactive graphics analysis program to MSFC for the 

computational aero/fluid analysis system (AFAS). 

utility software provides MSFC with the capability to analyze, develop, and 

manipulate both external aerodynamic pressure data and six-component static 

stability data in a timely and cost effective manner. 

This program and supporting 

The AFAS program is an interactive computer graphics program which allows 

an engineer to apply his judgment to the development of pressure distributions 

and the smoothing of wind tunnel pressure data in a real time environment. 

The purpose of the program is to produce airloads which are compatible with 

vehicle stability data and which reflect engineering judgment. AFAS employs 

interactive computer graphics techniques and enables the engineer to balance 

pressure distributions to force data. The engineer/analyst can interactively 

develop a pressure distribution either longitudinally along a vehicle section 

or circumferentially around a vehicle cross section. Then, using menu selectable commands, the analyst can integrate the distribution to produce force and 

moment data. The user can then change the pressure distribution and rebalance 

the data as needed. 

completes his analysis and saves his final pressure distributions. 

commands that are available to the engineer using this program are listed in a 

menu format from which is selected the appropriate command by entering the 

letter or number corresponding to the selected command. 

The original data remains unchanged until the engineer 

All the 

After selection of a 

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Table 1 EQUIPMENT LIST 

DEC VAX-11/750 System Kernel with 2 Mbytes of ECC 

MOS Memory 

DEC RA60 Cabinet-Mounted, 205 Mbytes Capacity, 

Removable Media Disk Drive with UDA50 Controller 

DEC RA81 Rack Mounted, 456 Mbytes Capacity, 

Winchester Technology Disk Drive 

DEC TU80 Magnetic Tape Subsystem with (g-Track, 1600 

bpi Recording Density 

DEC LXYZZ Graphics Line Printer with 600 lpm 

Printing Speed and Dot Matrix Graphics 

DEC LA120 DECwriter I1 System Console Terminal 

DEC DMF32 Multifunction Communications Controller 

with 8 Asynchronous, 1 Synchronous, and 1 Parallel 

Interface 

DEC MS750-CD 4 Mbytes ECC MOS Expansion Memory 

DEC FP750 Floating Point Accelerator with 2 Mbytes 

ECC MOS Expansion Memory and VAX-11 FORTRAN 

DEC VAX/VMS Level I1 System Startup Service 

DEC VT220 Alphanumeric Video Terminals 

Tektronix 4107 Color Graphics Terminal 

Tektronix 4695 Color Copier 

Cabling and Accessories as Required 

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particular command, the program prompts the user through the command selected. 

Upon completion of the processing of the selected command, the user is then 

returned to the main program menu to select another command or terminate the 

interactive session. 

session are saved for later use. 

Files created and/or altered during an interactive 

AFAS can integrate pressure data on wings, vertical stabilizers, fins, 

cylinders, and arbitrary cross-section fuselages. Although AFAS was developed 

specifically to handle the Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle (SSLV), it is capable 

of handling almost any arbitrary cross-section body. 

2.4 HARDWARE PROCUREMENT, INSTALLATION, AND TRAINING 

The Digital Equipment Corporation VAX 11/750 system, composed of hardware 

and software listed in Table 1, was purchased by Lockheed. 

effort was expended in ordering and installing this equipment and ensuring 

that personnel were properly trained to utilize the system. 

Considerable 

The first task performed was to ascertain the specifications for the system. The hardware list was checked in detail to ensure that all system 

requirements were satisfied. All interfaces were checked to make certain there 

were no incompatibilities. 

purchased was required and that it would work as specified. 

Checks were made to ensure that all software 

The second task performed was to make certain that the site for the computer was compatible with the selected hardware. 

be agreeable to them in order to secure maintenance agreements. 

sentatives inspected the site and prepared a computer printout that listed all 

air-conditioning, power plug, and power reqvirements. 

responsibility for getting the proper air-conditioning and power installed. 

As part of this task Lockheed prepared a site layout which showed where all 

the equipment was to be installed. This layout took into consideration the 

acceptable lengths of power cables and signal cables. 

DEC required that the site 

The DEC repreNASA-MSFC assumed 

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‘tlw third task included receipt and installation of the computer at NASA. 

Hardware installation was performed by DEC and software installation was performed by Lockheed. Following equipment installation, Lockheed quality tested 

the computer system to make certain all software and hardware was operational. 

The fourth task required training of NASA personnel in the use of the 

computer system. Basically, two levels of training were necessary. A system 

manager was trained from NASA. Second, all the users were trained. Lockheed 

performed these activities using the training credits provided with the 

purchase of the system. 

2.5 TRAINING AND ON-SITE INSTRUCTION 

Lockheed provided on-site instruction and training to MSFC personnel in 

two categories: (1) computer system use, and (2) analysis software use. 

2.5.1 Computer System Use 

Two levels of training and instruction were provided for computer system use. 

system-level tasks associated with the VAX system. In order to perform this 

training, hckheed utilized the training credits that were provided with the 

purchase of the computer system. 

The first level involved training a system manager to handle 

The second level of instruction included compnter-user instruction for 

MSFC users. 

a short course covering the use of each of the computer system features. 

Course material was prepared by Lockheed for participants. This instruction 

included hands-on demonstration of the capabilities of the computer system. 

Lockheed prepared and presented to users of the computer system 

2.5.2 Analysis Software Use 

Lockheed also provided on-site instruction in the use of the analysis 

software that was be included in the analysis system. 

by Lockheed personnel to demonstrate the capabilities of the analysis software. 

Sample cases were run 

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2.6 SUMMARY 

The Computatlonal Aero/Fluids Analysis System provides MSFC personnel 

with the analytical capability to perform state-of-the-art computational 

analyses in two unique and difficult fluid dynamics disciplines associated 

with the Space Shuttle program. This system provides the analysis tools and 

techniques for rapidly and efficiently accessing, analyzing, and reformulating 

the large and expanding MSFC external aerodynamic data base while also providing tools for complex fluid flow analyses of SSME engine components. 

of these fluid flow disciplines, external aerodynamics and internal gasdynamics, required this capability to ensure that MSFC can respond in a timely 

manner as problems are encountered and operational changes are made in the 

Space Shuttle program. 

Both 

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3. MAS USER PROCEDURES 

This section presents an overview of the required procedures for using 

the AFAS system. 

their usage is explained. 

The menus that are provided in the system are presented and 

3.1 SYSTEM ENTRY 

The user enters the AFAS system by executing a command procedure that 

prompts the user for the storage location of his data files. 

a directory specification. Upon receiving a storage location, AFAS then 

prompts the user through several questions pertaining to device type and data 

type. 

appears . 

This location is 

Once these questions are sufficiently answered, the AFAS Main Menu 

3.2 MENU FUNCTIONS 

AFAS is driven by four major menus that offer the user a wide variety of 

functions. 

The Main Menu (Fig. 3-1) is the first menu the user will see after 

loading a data file into @AS. 

functions such as interpolation, integration, and duplication. Also, the user 

can plot a graph, select a plot mode or access any of the other menus. 

user must exit AFAS through the Main Menu to ensure proper closure of all data 

files . 

From this menu the user can perform various 

The 

The Graph Options Menu (Fig. 3-2) allows the user to manipulate data 

while viewing a plot. The user can add or remove points, magnify data or 

overlay several rings of data on a selected ring. An example of an overlay 

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scaling option. 

parameters, numbers of divisions on a graph and also change the format of 

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The Graph Options Menu also contains a manual 

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Figure 3-4 shows the Manual Scaling Menu. 

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on major divisions only or on both major and minor divisions. 

and 3-7, respectively, illustrate these options. Also, symbols and lines 

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to manipulate the labels on a graph. 

label positions available and the number of characters allowable for each 

label. Through this menu, the user can change any or all labels, suppress 

any or all labels, read labels from a file, or store new labels to a file. 

Figure 3-10 shows the Change Label Menu, and Fig. 3-11 shows the Suppress 

Labels Menu. 

Figure 3-9 shows a display of the 

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