### Cellulosic Content of Various Feedstocks Spreadsheet

– for the docket Air and Radiation Docket EPA

‐ HQ

‐ OAR

‐ 2012

‐ 0401

20

‐ May

‐ 13



### This spreadsheet shows the calculations used to adjust cellulosic content of different feedstocks starting with the numbers reported in the literature and ending with the values used by EPA. These adjustments are described in more detail in the memo to the docket ("Cellulosic Content of Various Feedstocks").Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics (Ash) Adjusted Cellulosic Composition Source

Corn Stove r 80% 10% 12% 89% DOE Database 71% 19% 6% 79% Templeton et al. (2009) 72% 20% 5% 78% Templeton et al. (2010) 83% 11% 6% 88% Lee et al. (2007) 77% 15% 7% 84% Wheat Straw 74% 17% 10% 81% DOE Database 83% 7% 9% 92% NREL email 82% 12% 6% 87% Lee et al. (2007) 80% 12% 9% 87% Other crop residue s Rice Straw 74% n.d. 15% 86% Guo et al. (2009) Sugarcane Bagasse 90% n.d. 8% 98% Guo et al. (2009) Sugarcane Bagasse 92% 6% 4% 94% Templeton et al. (2010) Soybean Straw 65%* 29%* 6% 69%* Lee et al. (2007) Rye Straw 65%* 29%* 6% 69%* Lee et al. (2007) Barley Straw 91%*

‐ 2%* 11% 102%* Lee et al. (2007) 77% 14% 9% 90% *Acid detergent lignin was adjusted to an estimated value for total lignin by multiplying by 1.3 for soybeans (a legume) or by 3 for rye and barley (types of grass) using the factors established in Lee et

Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics (Ash) Adj uste d Cellulosic Composition Source Grasses Switchgrass 79% 17% 5% 82% DOE Database 75% 15% 6% 83% NREL email 71% 13% 7% 85% Dien et al. (2006) 85% 9% 6% 90% Lee et al. (2007) 77% 14% 6% 85% Miscanthu s 85% n.d. 4% 89% Guo et al. (2009) 86% 12% 2% 88% Lee et al. (2007) 77% n.d. 1% 78% Villaverde et al. (2010) 83% 12% 2% 85% Other grasse s Giant reed 83.5 n.d. 3.7 87% Scordia et al. (2011) Energy cane 75.2 19.6 5.2 79% BP Biofuels Napiergrass 83.4 13.1 3.5 86% BP Biofuels Reed Canarygrass 58% 21% 11% 73% Dien et al. (2006) Reed Canarygrass 66%* 26%* 8% 72%* Lee et al. (2007) Big Bluestem 83% 11% 6% 88% Lee et al. (2007)

Tall Fescue 64% 25% 11% 72% Lee et al. (2007) Indiangrass 86%* 6%* 8% 93%* Lee et al. (2007) Little Bluestem (66%)† (27%)† 7% (71%)† Lee et al. (2007) Prarie Cordgrass 92%* 2%* 6% 98%* Lee et al. (2007) 82%* 12%* 6% 87%* Lee et al. (2007) Smooth Bromegras s 86%* 6%* 8% 93%* Lee et al. (2007) Timothy 73%* 21%* 6% 78%* Lee et al. (2007) 78% 15% 7% 81% *Acid detergent lignin (ADL) was adjusted to an estimated value for total lignin by multiplying by 3. Total lignin for grasses is generally 2

‐ 4 times ADL, so we used an average value for this estimate. T h † Lignin was not measured for this sample, so these values are much lower than the true value. This sample was not used in calculating the average for grasses

Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics (Ash) Adj uste d Cellulosic Composition Source

Black Locust 88% 8% 3% 92% DOE Database Eucalyptus 94% 3% 1% 97% DOE Database Eucalyptus 83% n.d. 0% 83% Wang et al. (2007) Hybrid Popla r 89% 4% 1% 96% DOE Database American Sycamore 87% 4% 1% 96% DOE Database Eastern Cottonwoo d 88% 3% 1% 97% DOE Database Yellow Popla r 89% 3% 2% 97% DOE Database Red Oak 84% n.d. 0% 84% Wang et al. (2007) Monterey Pine 91% 3% 0% 97% DOE Database Radiata Pine 88% n.d. 1% 89% Wang et al. (2007) Spruce 90% n.d. 2% 91% Wang et al. (2007) Branches 86% n.d. 3% 89% Eleazer et al. (1997) Branches 70% n.d. 18% 86% Komilis and Ham (2003) 88% 4% 1% 92% Leaves 86% n.d. 3% 89% Eleazer et al. (1997) Leaves 47% n.d. 37% 74% Komilis and Ham (2003) Leaves Average 67% n.d. 20% 82% Reported Composition

Reported Composition

Reported Composition Other Grasses Average

Switchgrass Average

Miscanthus Average

Intermediate Wheatgrass

Wood, Tree Branches & Leaves Crop Residue

Wood & Branches Average Wheat Straw Average

Crop Residue Average Corn Stover Averageal. (2007). These adjusted values were not used in calculating the averag e

h ese values were not used in calculating the averageCorn Stover ‐ Data from Templeton et al. (2009)
Reference: Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS, David W. Templeton, Amie D. Sluiter, Tammy K. Hayward, Bonnie R. Hames, Steven R. Thomas, Cellulose 2009 16:621

‐ 639 Samples: collected from 47 sites in 8 corn belt states after the 2001, 2002, and 2003 harvests 508 commercial hybrid corn stover samples Analytical M Near

‐ infrared spectroscopy/partial least squares multivariate modeling, calibrated with standard NREL Laboratory Analytical Prodedures (LAPs)

Use in Memo to demonstrate variability and EPA approach

Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Reported: Used: Reported: Used: Reported: Used:

Glucan Total Cellulose Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetyl Total Hemi

‐ cellulose Lignin Total Lignin Average 31.9 31.9 18.9 1.5 2.8 0.3 2.2 25.7 13.3 13.3 Std. Dev. 2.0 2.0 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 Range 26.5

‐ 37.6 14.8

‐ 22.7 0.8

‐ 1.9 1.6

‐ 3.6 0.0

‐ 0.7 0.9

‐ 2.9 11.2

‐ 17.8

Extractives Other Percent Recovery Reported: Used: Reported: Used: Used: Reported: Used:

Ethanol solubles Sucrose Water

‐ extractible (other) Total extrac

‐ tives (organic) Protein Protein Extract

‐ ible inorganics

(soil) Structural inorganics

(ash) Total inorganics Compone nt Closure % Recovery Average 3.3 3.6 8.6 15.5 3.7 3.7 2.5 3.9 6.4 96. 4 96. 4 Std. Dev. 0.4 2.1 2.3 3.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.6 Range 1.7

‐ 4.1

‐ 1.0

‐ 10.0 1.4

‐ 15.7 1.1

‐ 5.4 0.0

‐ 4.8 0.8

‐ 6.6

Cellulosic Composition

Cellulosic Compon

‐

ents Other Organics Inorganics (Ash) Adjusted Cellulosic Composi

‐

tion Average 70.9 19.2 6.4 78.6 Std. Dev. 2.7 3.2 1.0 3.3 Average Std. Dev. Range Propogation of errors was used to calculate standard deviation for hemicellulose, extractives, total inorganics, and adjusted cellulosics Cellulose Reported: Glucan 31.9 2.0 26.5

‐ 37.6 Used: Total Cellulose 31.9 2.0 Hemicellulose Reported: Xylan 18.9 1.3 14.8

‐ 22.7 Galactan 1.5 0.2 0.8

‐ 1.9 Arabinan 2.8 0.3 1.6

‐ 3.6 Mannan 0.3 0.1 0.0

‐ 0.7 Acetyl 2.2 0.3 0.9

‐ 2.9 Used: Total Hemicellulose 25.7 1.4 Lignin Reported: Lignin 13.3 1.1 11.2

‐ 17.8 Used: Total Lignin 13.3 1.1 Extractives Reported: Ethanol solubles 3.3 0.4 1.7

‐ 4.1 Sucrose 3.6 2.1

‐ 1.0

‐ 10.0 Water

‐ extractible (other) 8.6 2.3 1.4

‐ 15.7 Used: Total extractives (organic) 15.5 3.1 Protein Reported: Protein 3.7 0.8 1.1

‐ 5.4 Used: Protein 3.7 0.8 Inorganics/Ash Extractible inorganics (soil) 2.5 0.5 0.0

‐ 4.8 Structural inorganics (ash) 3.9 0.9 0.8

‐ 6.6 Used: Total inorganics 6.4 1.0 Percent Recovery Reported: Component closure 96.4 1.6 Used: % Recovery 96.4 1.6 Cellulosic Composition Cellulosic Components 70.9 2.7 Other Organics 19.2 3.2 Inorganics (Ash) 6.4 1.0 Adjusted Cellulosic Composition 78.6 3.3

## Energycane & Napiergrass ‐ Data from BP Reference: Data from Company Research Trials Samples: Multiple trial plots taken over a range of geographies and multiple years

Analytical Method: Methods not specified



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Hemicellulo s Reported in pa p Calculated: Reported in Calculated: Reported in

Total extractives Cellulose Energycane Napiergrass Detailed compositional data for energy cane and napiergrass was not provide d



## Total (% Composition) Reported "Fiber" Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Energycane 75.2 19.6 5.2 100 Napiergrass 83.4 13.1 3.5 100

Samples were not adjusted for % recovery because numbers had already been adjusted to 100% yield

Adjusted for Inorganics Cellulosic Components Other Organics Energycane 79% 21% Napiergrass 86% 14%s e Lignin Other Calculated: Reported in pa p Reported in paper: Total hemicellulo

se

## Switchgrass and reed canarygrass ‐ Data from Dien et al. (2006)

Reference: Chemical Composition and Response to Dilute

‐ acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Samples: two canary grass, three switchgrass samples samples collected at different stages of maturity Analytical Method: ethanol, water extractions, sulfuric acid

‐ hydrolysis



## Percent Composition Extractables Reported in Paper:

Ether extract organic acids Glc Fru Suc Raf Sta Reed canarygrass ‐ vegi t 2.2 2.4 0.4 0.5 6.9 0.3 0 Reed canarygrass ‐ Rip e 1.3 1 0.2 1.2 3 0 0.1 Reed canarygrass ‐ AVERAGE Switchgrass ‐ pre ‐ boot 1 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.7 0.1 0 Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 1 0.9 1.4 1 5.1 0.1 0 Switchgrass ‐ post

‐ frost 1.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.3 0 0 Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Reed canarygrass ‐ vegi t 51.1 25 12.8 88.9 Reed canarygrass ‐ Rip e 64.6 16.7 9.5 90.8 Reed canarygrass ‐ AVE R 57.9 20.9 11.2 89.9 Switchgrass ‐ pre ‐ boot 65.7 12.9 8.9 87.5 Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 69.4 16.6 5.7 91.7 Switchgrass ‐ post

‐ frost 78.9 8.3 5.7 92.9 Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE 71.3 12.6 6.8 90.7

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Reed canarygrass ‐ vegi t 57.5 28.1 14.4 Reed canarygrass ‐ Rip e 71.1 18.4 10.5 Reed canarygrass ‐ AVE R 64.3 23.3 12.4 Switchgrass ‐ pre ‐ boot 75.1 14.7 10.2 Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 75.7 18.1 6.2Switchgrass ‐ post

‐ frost 84.9 8.9 6.1 Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE 78.6 13.9 7.5

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Reed canarygrass ‐ vegi t 67% 33% Reed canarygrass ‐ Rip e 79% 21% Reed canarygrass ‐ AVE R 73% 27% Switchgrass ‐ pre ‐ boot 84% 16% Switchgrass ‐ Anthesis 81% 19% Switchgrass ‐ post

‐ frost 90% 10% Switchgrass ‐ AVERAGE 85% 15%Saccharification of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, and Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans

‐ Joachim G. Jung, Ken n

Cellulose Hemicellulose Calculated: Reported i n Calculated: Reported in paper Total extractabl

es Glucose Cellulose Xylose Arabinose Galactose Mannose 12.7 20.9 20.9 11.7 3 1.6 0.6

6.8 26.5 26.5 16.3 2.8 1.3 0.6

5.9 27.3 27.3 17.9 3.1 1.3 0.5 9.5 28.3 28.3 19.5 2.7 1 0.4 4.6 32.2 32.2 22.3 3 1.2 0.5n eth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, JoAnn F.S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert B. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath, Biomas

Lignin Other Calculated: Reported in paper Reported in paper:

Rhamnose Fucose uronic acids Total hemicellul

ose Klason Lignin Protein Storage (starch) 0.1 0.1 2.2 19.3 10.9 8.8 3.5 0.1 0.1 2.1 23.3 14.8 4.5 5.4 0 0.2 0.1 2 25.1 13.3 6.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 1.9 25.7 15.4 3.2 3.9 0.2 0.1 2.1 29.4 17.3 3 0.7 0s and Bioenergy, 30 (2006) 880

‐ 891

inorganics (ash) 12.8 9.5

8.9 5.7 5.7

## Giant reed (Arundo Donax) ‐ Data from Scordia et al. (2011)

Reference: Scordia, Danilo, Salvatore L. Sosentino, Jae

‐ Won Lee, and Thomas W. Jeffries (2 0 Samples: one sample from wild giant reed

Analytical Method: sulfuric acid hydrolysis



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in pa p Calculated: Reported in Calculated:

Total extractives Glucan Cellulose Giant reed 35.7 35.7



## Total (% Composition) Calculated: Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) 83.5 0 3.7 87.2

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein or extractives, so

Adjusted for Inorganics Cellulosic Components Other Organics 87%0 11) Dilute oxalic acid pretreatment for biorefining giant reed (Arundo donax L.). Biomass and Bioener g

Hemicellulose Lignin Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in

Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetyl groups Total hemicellulo

se Klason Lignin 18.6 0.6 1.6 0.2 4.5 25.5 22.3

the value for "other organics" is not validg y, 35, 3018

‐ 3024.

Other

pape r Reported in paper:

Protein Ash 3.7

## Wheat Straw & Switchgrass ‐ Data from NREL Reference: Email message from Mary Biddy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Nationa Samples: 13 samples of wheat straw, 58 of switchgrass

Analytical Method: NREL Methods



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated: Reported i n Calculated:

Extractives soluble solids Total organics Cellulose Cellulose Wheat Straw 6.53 0 6.53 36.29 36.29 Switchgrass 11.35 3.76 11.35 31.42 31.42 Soluble solids were added by NREL for mass balance. EPA eliminate d



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Component

s Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Wheat Straw 83.34 7.25 9.41 100 Switchgrass 74.93 15.34 5.96 96.23

Adjusted for % recover y

Cellulosic Component

s Other Organics Inorganics Wheat Straw 83.3 7.3 9.4 Switchgrass 77.9 15.9 6.2

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Component

s Other Organics

Wheat Straw 92% 8% Switchgrass 83% 17%l Bioenergy Center, on January 4, 2013

Hemicellulose Lignin Other Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper Reported i n

Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetate Total hemicellul ose Lignin Protein 20.89 0.88 2.49 0 2.37 26.63 20.42 0.72 18.73 1.24 2.49 0.19 1.81 24.46 19.05 3.99 d them from the analysis and adjusted for % recovery at the end.n paper:

inorganics (ash) 9.41 5.96Many Feedstocks, summarized in Lee et al. (2007 )

Reference: Composition of Herbaceous Biomass Feedstocks. DoKyoung Lee, Vance N. Owens, Arvid Boe, and Peter Jeranyama (2007). Report sponsored by Sun Grant Initiative Samples: Compilation of data from dozens of studie s

Analytical Method: carbohydrates: individual sugar analysis or fiber analysis; lignin: ASTM method s

Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Other Reported in paper Reported in paper Reported in paper Reported in paper:

Cellulose Total hemicellu lose Lignin Acid

‐ detergent lignin Adjusted grass lignin (low) Adjusted grass lignin (high) lignin* Protein inorganics (ash) Crop residues

corn stover 38 26 19 19 5 6

soybean 33 14 14 18 5 6 wheat straw 38 29 15 15 4 6

rye straw 31 25 3 9 3 6 barley straw 42 28 7 21 7 11 Grasses switchgrass 37 29 19 19 3 6 big bluestem 37 28 18 18 6 6 indiangrass 39 29 6 12 24 18 3 8 little bluestem 35 31 7 prairie cordgrass 41 33 6 12 24 18 3 6 miscanthus 43 24 19 19 3 2 t ermediate wheatgrass 35 29 6 12 24 18 3 6 reed canarygrass 24 36 248 6 10 8 smooth bromegrass 32 36 6 12 24 18 14 8 timothy 28 30 5 10 20 15 7 6 tall fescue 25 25 14 14 13 11

Note: samples in gray reported ADL lignin, and we adjusted these values as described. Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone

nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Crop residues

corn stover 83 11 6

soybean 65 28.8 6 wheat straw 82 12 6

rye straw 65 29 6 barley straw 91

‐ 2 11 Grasses switchgrass 85 9 6 big bluestem 83 11 6 indiangrass 86 6 8 little bluestem 66 27 7 prairie cordgrass 92 2 6 miscanthus 86 12 2 *When acid

‐ detergent lignin was reported, we followed the approach described in Lee et al. to adjust this number to be comparable to total lignin:

‐‐ For grasses, we multiplied the ADL number by 3 (total lignin is 2

‐ 4 times higher than ADL lignin for grasses)

‐‐ For everything else, we multiplied the ADL by 1.3 (total lignin is 30% higher than ADL

t ermediate wheatgrass 82 12 6 reed canarygrass 66 26 8 smooth bromegrass 86 6 8 timothy 73 21 6 tall fescue 64 25 11

Samples were not adjusted for % recovery because this wasn’t reported

. Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone

nts grasses (low lignin) grasses (high lignin) Crop residues

corn stover 88%

soybean 69% wheat straw 87%

rye straw 69% barley straw 102% Grasses switchgrass 90% big bluestem 88% indiangrass 93% 0% 0% little bluestem 71% prairie cordgrass 98% 0% 0% miscanthus 88% t ermediate wheatgrass 87% 0% 0% reed canarygrass 72% 0% 0% smooth bromegrass 93% 0% 0% timothy 78% 0% 0% tall fescue 72% grasses average 84%

## Hardwood & Softwood ‐ Data from DOE Database
Reference: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/biomass/progs/search1.cgi Samples: #1 Adam, P.; Ashley, P.; Chum, H.; Deutch, S.; Fennell, J.; Johnson, D. K. ; #2 Variability in the Composition of Short Rotation Woody Feedstocks ( h #3 Agblevor, F. A.; Chum, H. L.; Johnson, D. K. (1993). "Compositional A n #4 NREL TRB #1548p104

Analytical Method: ASTM/NREL methodology



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported Reported i n Calculated:

Extractive

s Total Extractive

s Glucan Cellulose Black Locust 3.87 3.87 40.38 40.38 Black Locust 4.21 4.21 40 40 Black Locust 4.59 4.59 42.62 42.62 Black Locust 4.81 4.81 41.45 41.45 Black Locust 6.13 6.13 39.26 39.26 Black Locust 5.32 5.32 39.79 39.79 Black Locust 3.78 3.78 42.09 42.09 Black Locust 7.33 7.33 36.4 36.4 Eucalyptus 4.15 4.15 48.07 48.07 Eucalyptus 0.62 0.62 50.27 50.27 Eucalyptus 0.8 0.8 49.05 49.05 Eucalyptus 2.11 2.11 46.64 46.64 Hybrid Poplar 6.89 6.89 39.23 39.23 Hybrid Poplar 6.54 6.54 41.05 41.05 Hybrid Poplar 6.8 6.8 40.52 40.52 Hybrid Poplar 2.31 2.31 42.86 42.86 Hybrid Poplar 3.44 3.44 41.47 41.47 Hybrid Poplar 4.81 4.81 41.18 41.18 Hybrid Poplar 2.51 2.51 41.13 41.13 Hybrid Poplar 3.29 3.29 42.39 42.39 Hybrid Poplar 3.35 3.35 40.25 40.25 Hybrid Poplar 2.09 2.09 43.72 43.72 Hybrid Poplar 3.14 3.14 42.18 42.18 Hybrid Poplar 4.47 4.47 45.08 45.08 Hybrid Poplar 4.08 4.08 43.67 43.67 Hybrid Poplar 1.62 1.62 43.14 43.14 Hybrid Poplar 2.94 2.94 42.85 42.85 Hybrid Poplar 3.22 3.22 44.65 44.65 Hybrid Poplar 3.07 3.07 43.65 43.65Hybrid Poplar 3.74 3.74 47.32 47.32 Hybrid Poplar 2.62 2.62 45.52 45.52 Hybrid Poplar 2.34 2.34 45.67 45.67 Hybrid Poplar 2.07 2.07 40.8 40.8 American Sycamore 5.49 5.49 38.6 38.6 American Sycamore 2.98 2.98 39.25 39.25 American Sycamore 3.17 3.17 37.24 37.24 American Sycamore 1.73 1.73 41.6 41.6 American Sycamore 1.62 1.62 41.75 41.75 Eastern Cottonwood (Populus Deltoides) 2.4 2.4 42.2 42.2 yellow Poplar 2.81 2.81 42.06 42.06 Monterey Pine (Pinus Radiata) 2.7 2.7 41.7 41.7



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Black Locust 90.4 7.245 2.08 99.725 Black Locust 91.62 4.21 1.64 97.47 Black Locust 88.15 7.465 1.61 97.225 Black Locust 89.83 4.81 1.53 96.17 Black Locust 85 10.5675 1.77 97.3375 Black Locust 88.67 8.2575 1.05 97.9775 Black Locust 91.01 6.9675 1.19 99.1675 Black Locust 78.48 12.83 9.68 100.99 Average black locust 87.9 7.8 2.6 98.3 Eucalyptus 91.74 4.4625 1.22 97.4225 Eucalyptus 96.69 0.995 0.62 98.305 Eucalyptus 95.49 0.8 0.59 96.88 Eucalyptus 93.37 5.235 1.09 99.695 Average Eucalyptus 94.3 2.9 0.9 98.1 Hybrid Poplar 85.37 10.14 2.03 97.54 Hybrid Poplar 83.72 8.04 1.57 93.33 Hybrid Poplar 82.56 6.8 1.31 90.67 Hybrid Poplar 92.87 3.4975 2.43 98.7975 Hybrid Poplar 88.25 4.815 2.03 95.095 Hybrid Poplar 87.36 5.9975 1.92 95.2775 Hybrid Poplar 91.88 4.0725 1.94 97.8925 Hybrid Poplar 92.46 4.4775 1.31 98.2475 Hybrid Poplar 85.97 3.35 0.56 89.88 Hybrid Poplar 89.05 2.09 0.8 91.94 Hybrid Poplar 86.81 3.14 0.81 90.76Hybrid Poplar 86.94 4.47 0.56 91.97 Hybrid Poplar 87.72 4.08 0.94 92.74 Hybrid Poplar 89.02 1.62 0.63 91.27 Hybrid Poplar 88.22 2.94 0.72 91.88 Hybrid Poplar 91.15 3.22 0.85 95.22 Hybrid Poplar 89.96 3.07 0.77 93.8 Hybrid Poplar 89.05 3.74 0.52 93.31 Hybrid Poplar 89.85 2.62 0.69 93.16 Hybrid Poplar 90.21 2.34 0.68 93.23 Hybrid Poplar 91.78 2.07 0.43 94.28 Average hybrid poplar 88.6 4.1 1.1 93.8 American Sycamore 85.41 7.0525 1.24 93.7025 American Sycamore 89.11 4.6675 1.23 95.0075 American Sycamore 84.1 3.17 1.56 88.83 American Sycamore 88.85 3.0425 0.67 92.5625 American Sycamore 85.53 1.62 1.05 88.2 Average Sycamore 86.6 3.9 1.2 91.7 Eastern Cottonwood (P o 88 2.9 1 91.9 yellow Poplar 89.42 2.81 1.88 94.11 Monterey Pine (Pinus R a 90.6 2.8875 0.3 93.7875

Adjusted for % recover y

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Black Locust 90.65 7.26 2.09 Black Locust 94.00 4.32 1.68 Black Locust 90.67 7.68 1.66 Black Locust 93.41 5.00 1.59 Black Locust 87.33 10.86 1.82 Black Locust 90.50 8.43 1.07 Black Locust 91.77 7.03 1.20 Black Locust 77.71 12.70 9.59 Eucalyptus 94.17 4.58 1.25 Eucalyptus 98.36 1.01 0.63 Eucalyptus 98.57 0.83 0.61 Eucalyptus 93.66 5.25 1.09 Hybrid Poplar 87.52 10.40 2.08 Hybrid Poplar 89.70 8.61 1.68 Hybrid Poplar 91.06 7.50 1.44 Hybrid Poplar 94.00 3.54 2.46 Hybrid Poplar 92.80 5.06 2.13 Hybrid Poplar 91.69 6.29 2.02 Hybrid Poplar 93.86 4.16 1.98 Hybrid Poplar 94.11 4.56 1.33Hybrid Poplar 95.65 3.73 0.62 Hybrid Poplar 96.86 2.27 0.87 Hybrid Poplar 95.65 3.46 0.89 Hybrid Poplar 94.53 4.86 0.61 Hybrid Poplar 94.59 4.40 1.01 Hybrid Poplar 97.53 1.77 0.69 Hybrid Poplar 96.02 3.20 0.78 Hybrid Poplar 95.73 3.38 0.89 Hybrid Poplar 95.91 3.27 0.82 Hybrid Poplar 95.43 4.01 0.56 Hybrid Poplar 96.45 2.81 0.74 Hybrid Poplar 96.76 2.51 0.73 Hybrid Poplar 97.35 2.20 0.46 American Sycamore 91.15 7.53 1.32 American Sycamore 93.79 4.91 1.29 American Sycamore 94.68 3.57 1.76 American Sycamore 95.99 3.29 0.72 American Sycamore 96.97 1.84 1.19 Eastern Cottonwood (P o 95.76 3.16 1.09 yellow Poplar 95.02 2.99 2.00 Monterey Pine (Pinus R a 96.60 3.08 0.32

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Black Locust 93% 7% Black Locust 96% 4% Black Locust 92% 8% Black Locust 95% 5% Black Locust 89% 11% Black Locust 91% 9% Black Locust 93% 7% Black Locust 86% 14% Average Black Locust 92% 8% Eucalyptus 95% 5% Eucalyptus 99% 1% Eucalyptus 99% 1% Eucalyptus 95% 5% Average Eucalyptus 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 89% 11% Hybrid Poplar 91% 9% Hybrid Poplar 92% 8% Hybrid Poplar 96% 4% Hybrid Poplar 95% 5%Hybrid Poplar 94% 6% Hybrid Poplar 96% 4% Hybrid Poplar 95% 5% Hybrid Poplar 96% 4% Hybrid Poplar 98% 2% Hybrid Poplar 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 95% 5% Hybrid Poplar 96% 4% Hybrid Poplar 98% 2% Hybrid Poplar 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 96% 4% Hybrid Poplar 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 97% 3% Hybrid Poplar 98% 2% Average hybrid poplar 96% 4% American Sycamore 92% 8% American Sycamore 95% 5% American Sycamore 96% 4% American Sycamore 97% 3% American Sycamore 98% 2% Average Sycamore 96% 4% Eastern Cottonwood (P o 97% 3% yellow Poplar 97% 3% Monterey Pine (Pinus R a 97% 3%; Wiselogel, A. (1994). "Study of Compositional Changes in Biomass Feedstocks Upon Storage (Results)." S h ttp://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/8098_pt1.pdf)

n alysis of NIST Biomass Standards from the IEA Whole Feedstock Round Robin." Energy from Biomass an d

Hemicellulose Lignin Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Uronic acids Arabinan Xylan Mannan Galactan Total hemicellul

ose Total Lignin

3.89 0.74 14 2.07 0.77 21.47 28.55 5.04 0.85 14.7 2.09 0.84 23.52 28.1 3.26 0.82 15.02 1.62 0.94 21.66 23.87 5.12 0.79 15.59 1.61 0.87 23.98 24.4 3.92 0.95 13.2 1.5 0.99 20.56 25.18 4.03 0.94 14.75 1.55 0.99 22.26 26.62 4.04 0.81 15.14 1.45 1.01 22.45 26.47 2.86 3 18.03 0.58 1.01 25.48 16.6 4.07 0.3 10.42 1.23 0.74 16.76 26.91 4.21 0.4 11.85 1.09 1.07 18.62 27.8 4.17 0.45 12.21 0.9 0.88 18.61 27.83 4.45 0.39 11.76 0.92 1.05 18.57 28.16 4.31 0.89 13.07 1.81 0.88 20.96 25.18 1.36 0.75 13.37 2.02 0.89 18.39 24.28 1.1 14.18 1.85 0.92 18.05 23.99 3.11 1.19 16.95 1.42 0.7 23.37 26.64 4.26 0.94 13 1.73 0.98 20.91 25.87

4.6 0.77 12.83 2.18 0.84 21.22 24.96 4.69 0.67 14.52 1.99 0.83 22.7 28.05 4.67 0.69 15.17 2.2 0.91 23.64 26.43 0.59 17.61 3.07 0.71 21.98 23.74 0.59 17.37 2.91 0.59 21.46 23.87 0.58 17.31 2.72 0.68 21.29 23.34 0.66 15.98 3.03 0.65 20.32 21.54 0.54 16.55 2.77 0.65 20.51 23.54 0.63 17.65 2.87 0.75 21.9 23.98 0.52 17.4 2.63 0.81 21.36 24.01 0.59 18.55 2.63 0.82 22.59 23.91 0.54 18.71 3.25 0.74 23.24 23.070.56 16.55 2.81 0.72 20.64 21.09 0.41 16.97 2.71 0.66 20.75 23.58 0.48 17.26 2.75 0.68 21.17 23.37 4.6 0.46 15.7 2.38 0.67 23.81 27.17 4.93 0.5 14.38 1.8 1.1 22.71 24.1 4.11 0.49 15.47 1.67 1 22.74 27.12 0.51 16.33 1.79 0.93 19.56 27.3 4.49 0.5 14.31 1.97 0.8 22.07 25.18 0.47 15.33 2.06 0.88 18.74 25.04

3.6 0.6 13.4 2 0.6 20.2 25.6 5.09 0.45 15.09 2.35 1.03 24.01 23.35

2.5 1.5 5.9 10.7 2.4 23 25.9S torage and Drying of Woody Biomass: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency/Bioenergy Agreement Task

d Wastes XVI: Proceedings of the Institute of Gas Technology Conference, 2

‐ 6 March 1992, Orlando, Florida. Chica g

Other Reported in paper:

Protein Ash Data source 3.375 2.08 #1 1.64 #1 2.875 1.61 #1 1.53 #1 4.4375 1.77 #1 2.9375 1.05 #1 3.1875 1.19 #1 5.5 9.68 #1 0.3125 1.22 #1

0.375 0.62 #1 0.59 #1 3.125 1.09 #1

3.25 2.03 #1

1.5 1.57 #1 1.31 #1 1.1875 2.43 #1

1.375 2.03 #1 1.1875 1.92 #1 1.5625 1.94 #1 1.1875 1.31 #1 0.56 #2

0.8 #2 0.81 #2 0.56 #2 0.94 #2 0.63 #2 0.72 #2 0.85 #2 0.77 #20.52 #2 0.69 #2 0.68 #2 0.43 #2 1.5625 1.24 #1 1.6875 1.23 #1 1.56 #1 1.3125 0.67 #1 1.05 #1

0.5 1 #3 1.88 #4

0.1875 0.3 #3IX Activity 5 Workshop, 19 May 1993, New Brunswick, Canada. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultur a

g o, IL: Institute of Gas Technology; pp. 395

‐ 421.a l Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Report No. 241; pp. 28

‐ 52.

## Branches & leaves ‐ Data from Eleazer et al. (1997)
Reference: Eleazer, William E., William S. Odle, III, Yu

‐ Sheng Wang, and Morton A. Barlaz (1 Samples: Branches less than 5cm in diameter, leaves and branches were collected from a Shredded Analytical Method: unknown (references another published paper)



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated Reported i n Calculated :

Ethanol/ toluene ethanol hot water Total extractabl

es Cellulose Cellulose Branches 0 35.4 35.4 Leaves 0 15.3 15.3



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Branches 86.4 3.4 89.8 Leaves 69.6 9.8 79.4

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for " o Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Branches 89% Leaves 77%997) Biodegradability of municipal solid waste components in laboratory

‐ scale landfills. Environmental Sci e compost facility and stored at 4 decress C for 16 days prior to use

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

: Reported in Calculated: Reported i n Calculated: Reported i n Calculated

Hemicellulo

se Total hemicellulo

se Lignin Total Lignin Volatile solids inorganics (ash) 18.4 18.4 32.6 32.6 96.6 3.4 10.5 10.5 43.8 43.8 90.2 9.8

o ther organics" is not valide nce & Technology, 31, 911

‐ 917.

## Rice Straw, Miscanthus & Bagasse ‐ Data from Guo et al. (2009)
Reference: Characterization of enzymatic saccharification for acid

‐ pretreated lignocellulosi c Samples: Collected from field near Longtan Taiwan single sample? Analytical Method: modified NREL analytical method



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported i n Calculated:

Glucose Cellulose Rice Straw 34.6 34.6 Miscanthus 37.4 37.4 Bagasse 40.7 40.7



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Rice Straw 73.8 0 14.5 88.3 Miscanthus 85 0 4.3 89.3 Bagasse 89.9 0 8.2 98.1

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for " o Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Rice Straw 86% Miscanthus 89% Bagasse 98%c materials with diffeent lignin composition, Gia

‐ Luen Guo, Deng

‐ Chieh Hsu, Wen

‐ Hua Chen, Wei

‐ Hsi Che

Hemicellulose Lignin Other Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper Reported in paper:

Xylose Arabinose Acetyl Total hemicellul ose Lignin inorganics (ash) 21.3 3.8 1.1 26.2 13 14.5 23.5 3.5 2 29 18.6 4.3 23.6 4.1 2.7 30.4 18.8 8.2

o ther organics" is not validn, Wen

‐ Song Hwang, Enzyme and Microbial Technology 45 (2009) 80

‐ 87

## Branches & leaves ‐ Data from Komilis et al. (2003)
Reference: Komilis, Dmitris, and Robert K. Ham (2003) The effect of lignin and sugars to the Samples: no sample info

Analytical Method: Not reported in the paper.



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated Reported i n Calculated:

fats/lipids hot water soluble matter Total extractabl

es Cellulose Cellulose Leaves 2.59 1.68 4.27 9.48 9.48 Branches 1.04 3.2 4.24 14.71 14.71



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Leaves 46.6 36.7 83.3 Branches 70.47 18.3 88.77

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for " o Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Leaves 74% Branches 86%aerobic decomposition of solid wastes. Waste Management, 23, 419

‐ 423.

Hemicellulose Lignin Other Reported i n Calculated: Reported i n Calculated: Reported i n Calculated

Hemicellul

ose Total hemicellulo

se Lignin Total Lignin Volatile solids inorganics (ash) 3.24 3.24 33.88 33.88 63.3 36.7 12.87 12.87 42.89 42.89 81.7 18.3

o ther organics" is not valid

## Switchgrass ‐ Data from DOE Database
Reference: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/biomass/progs/search1.cgi Samples: #1 Adam, P.; Ashley, P.; Chum, H.; Deutch, S.; Fennell, J.; Johnson, D. K.; #2 Compositional Variability in Herbaceous Energy Crops (http://www. n

Analytical Method: ASTM/NREL methodology



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported Reported i n Calculated:

Extractive

s Total Extractive

s Glucan Cellulose Switchgrass 16.99 16.99 30.97 30.97 15.56 15.56 31.85 31.85

15.2 15.2 33.22 33.22 12.97 12.97 34.94 34.94 15.25 15.25 33.03 33.03 10.45 10.45 34.63 34.63 10.82 10.82 33.59 33.59 11.08 11.08 35.34 35.34

9.53 9.53 32.3 32.3 7.88 7.88 32.93 32.93 10.37 10.37 31.41 31.41

6.79 6.79 33.48 33.48 7.86 7.86 33.01 33.01 4.91 4.91 32.92 32.92 14.18 14.18 34.88 34.88 13.97 13.97 35.42 35.42 11.46 11.46 35.39 35.39 14.96 14.96 33.52 33.52

12.2 12.2 34.44 34.44 15.48 15.48 33.59 33.59 13.51 13.51 34.34 34.34 21.19 21.19 28.85 28.85 22.61 22.61 28.02 28.02 24.14 24.14 30.74 30.74 24.21 24.21 26.78 26.78 18.27 18.27 30.27 30.27 16.49 16.49 30.91 30.91 20.57 20.57 27.84 27.84 11.35 11.35 31.6 31.6 14.25 14.25 33.81 33.81 13.31 13.31 36.66 36.66 15.24 15.24 35.69 35.69 16.25 16.25 37.49 37.4915.56 15.56 33.47 33.47 11.73 11.73 36.9 36.9

13.2 13.2 37 37 11.87 11.87 35.78 35.78 11.71 11.71 36.61 36.61 15.64 15.64 37.14 37.14 16.35 16.35 31.17 31.17

12.5 12.5 32.52 32.52 12.33 12.33 32.77 32.77 10.79 10.79 32.06 32.06

13.8 13.8 33.08 33.08 13.49 13.49 32.81 32.81

8.45 8.45 33.35 33.35 13.31 13.31 32.58 32.58

8.23 8.23 34 34 12.18 12.18 34.02 34.02

6.38 6.38 34.44 34.44 11.09 11.09 34.21 34.21 13.64 13.64 32.89 32.89 12.81 12.81 33.04 33.04

8.96 8.96 33.69 33.69 13.33 13.33 31.27 31.27

7.39 7.39 33.49 33.49 7.33 7.33 33.18 33.18



## Total (% Composition) Samples shown in gray font were not analyzed for protein Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Switchgrass 74.08 20.1775 5.76 100.0175 76.89 15.56 6.22 98.67 78.35 15.2 5.63 99.18 82.41 12.97 4.54 99.92 78.22 15.25 5.21 98.68 82.32 10.45 5.33 98.1 81.67 15.2575 5.84 102.7675 83.12 14.5175 5.25 102.8875 79.6 14.9 5.5 100.0 78.62 13.7175 6.07 98.4075 80.51 11.38 5.92 97.81 77.33 14.495 5.93 97.755 81.08 10.9775 5.75 97.8075 79.4 12.6 5.9 97.980.52 10.9225 6.16 97.6025 83.22 8.66 6.44 98.32 79.53 16.93 4.76 101.22 81.1 17.5325 5.6 104.2325 82.23 15.335 5.78 103.345 78.69 18.71 5.98 103.38 79.76 16.075 5.91 101.745 78.11 18.855 5.93 102.895 77.89 16.9475 5.74 100.5775 69.41 27.5025 5.47 102.3825 67.09 31.6725 5.69 104.4525 68.75 29.9525 5.17 103.8725 66.9 32.2725 5.67 104.8425 73.71 26.2075 5.69 105.6075 74.26 23.74 5.73 103.73 71.84 29.07 5.44 106.35 81.42 16.1 5.08 102.6 80.61 18.6875 4.46 103.7575 82.51 15.185 3.13 100.825 80.52 18.3025 3.57 102.3925 80.53 18.4375 2.58 101.5475 77.1 20.3 5.2 102.7 80.52 18.81 3.15 102.48 82.84 14.48 3.16 100.48 84.19 15.45 2.77 102.41 85.07 13.8075 2.54 101.4175 85.39 13.5225 2.57 101.4825 83.6 15.2 2.8 101.7 82.91 17.4525 2.27 102.6325 74.13 23.225 6.33 103.685 77.86 18.3125 6.87 103.0425 79.14 18.455 7.52 105.115 76.44 16.79 7.3 100.53 75.87 20.55 6.42 102.84 76.81 19.49 6.25 102.55 77.86 16.3875 7.38 101.6275 76.14 19.935 6.46 102.535 78.97 15.48 7.08 101.53 77.98 18.6175 7.02 103.6175 79.87 12.88 6.71 99.46 79.52 15.6525 6.4 101.5725 78.19 18.9525 5.56 102.7025 78.92 17.4975 5.64 102.0575 80.87 13.835 6.03 100.735 76.65 19.33 5.49 101.47 81.03 12.4525 7.03 100.5125 80.19 12.33 7.55 100.07Average 78.7 17.4 5.4 101.6

Adjusted for % recovery

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Switchgrass 74.07 20.17 5.76 77.93 15.77 6.30 79.00 15.33 5.68 82.48 12.98 4.54 79.27 15.45 5.28 83.91 10.65 5.43 79.47 14.85 5.68 80.79 14.11 5.10 79.89 13.94 6.17 82.31 11.63 6.05 79.11 14.83 6.07 82.90 11.22 5.88 82.50 11.19 6.31 84.64 8.81 6.55 78.57 16.73 4.70 77.81 16.82 5.37 79.57 14.84 5.59 76.12 18.10 5.78 78.39 15.80 5.81 75.91 18.32 5.76 77.44 16.85 5.71 67.79 26.86 5.34 64.23 30.32 5.45 66.19 28.84 4.98 63.81 30.78 5.41 69.80 24.82 5.39 71.59 22.89 5.52 67.55 27.33 5.12 79.36 15.69 4.95 77.69 18.01 4.30 81.83 15.06 3.10 78.64 17.87 3.49 79.30 18.16 2.54 78.57 18.35 3.07 82.44 14.41 3.14 82.21 15.09 2.70 83.88 13.61 2.50 84.14 13.32 2.5380.78 17.00 2.21 71.50 22.40 6.11 75.56 17.77 6.67 75.29 17.56 7.15 76.04 16.70 7.26 73.77 19.98 6.24 74.90 19.01 6.09 76.61 16.13 7.26 74.26 19.44 6.30 77.78 15.25 6.97 75.26 17.97 6.77 80.30 12.95 6.75 78.29 15.41 6.30 76.13 18.45 5.41 77.33 17.14 5.53 80.28 13.73 5.99 75.54 19.05 5.41 80.62 12.39 6.99 80.13 12.32 7.54

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Switchgrass 79% 21% 83% 17% 84% 16% 86% 14% 84% 16% 89% 11% 84% 16% 85% 15% 84% 16% 85% 15% 88% 12% 84% 16% 88% 12% 86% 14% 88% 12% 91% 9% 82% 18% 82% 18%84% 16% 81% 19% 83% 17% 81% 19% 82% 18% 72% 28% 68% 32% 70% 30% 67% 33% 74% 26% 76% 24% 71% 29% 83% 17% 81% 19% 84% 16% 81% 19% 81% 19% 79% 21% 81% 19% 85% 15% 84% 16% 86% 14% 86% 14% 85% 15% 83% 17% 76% 24% 81% 19% 81% 19% 82% 18% 79% 21% 80% 20% 83% 17% 79% 21% 84% 16% 81% 19% 86% 14% 84% 16% 80% 20% 82% 18% 85% 15% 80% 20% 87% 13% 87% 13% Average 82% 18%Wiselogel, A. (1994). "Study of Compositional Changes in Biomass Feedstocks Upon Storage (Results)." St

n rel.gov/docs/legosti/old/8098_pt1.pdf)

Hemicellulose Lignin Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Uronic acids Arabinan Xylan Mannan Galactan Total hemicellul

ose Total Lignin

1.17 2.75 20.42 0.29 0.92 25.55 17.56 2.12 2.69 21.67 0.22 0.94 27.64 17.4 1.03 2.81 22.13 0.21 0.99 27.17 17.96 1.13 2.85 23.7 0.25 1.01 28.94 18.53 1.05 2.87 22.37 0.23 1.04 27.56 17.63 1.05 2.87 23.22 0.3 1.11 28.55 19.14 1.12 2.91 23.08 0.37 1.15 28.63 19.45 0.99 2.81 23.85 0.27 1.09 29.01 18.77 1.33 2.72 20.88 0.35 1.01 26.29 20.03 1.15 2.75 21.49 0.37 1.04 26.8 20.78 1.18 2.64 21.02 0.35 0.97 26.16 19.76 1.18 2.65 21.49 0.46 1.04 26.82 20.78 1.19 2.74 21.63 0.39 1.06 27.01 20.5 1.17 2.74 22.22 0.55 1.13 27.81 22.49 1.33 2.76 21.83 0.28 0.84 27.04 17.61 2.02 2.67 22.66 0.33 0.88 28.56 17.12 2.15 2.73 22.44 0.39 0.96 28.67 18.17 2.13 2.76 21.74 0.29 0.93 27.85 17.32 2.01 2.73 22.1 0.25 0.87 27.96 17.36 1.88 2.8 22.02 0.19 0.89 27.78 16.74 2.7 22.38 0.27 0.85 26.2 17.35 2.3 3.4 18.72 0.24 1.29 25.95 14.61 2.1 3.24 17.56 0.4 1.22 24.52 14.55 2.37 3.32 17.59 0.28 1.3 24.86 13.15 2.45 3.28 17.89 0.37 1.3 25.29 14.83 2.53 3.54 19.4 0.28 1.36 27.11 16.33 1.64 3.41 19.35 0.36 1.41 26.17 17.18 1.83 3.33 19.05 0.38 2.19 26.78 17.22 1.95 3.66 21.65 0.5 2.08 29.84 19.98 2.43 3.34 20.09 0.46 2.12 28.44 18.36 2.04 2.59 23.98 0.22 0.72 29.55 16.3 2.43 2.65 21.95 0.33 0.82 28.18 16.65 1.93 2.26 21.92 0.19 0.67 26.97 16.072.08 2.5 23.49 0.31 0.73 29.11 17.94 1.56 2.5 23.42 0.22 0.61 28.31 17.63 2.32 2.3 23.35 0.31 0.66 28.94 18.25 1.66 2.35 24.92 0.29 1.21 30.43 18.86 1.51 2.44 24.87 0.26 0.85 29.93 18.85 1.76 2.17 21.84 0.36 1.19 27.32 18.45 3.02 21.87 0.25 1.04 26.18 16.78 3.18 23.22 0.2 1.04 27.64 17.7 3.32 23.95 0.36 1 28.63 17.74 3.07 21.79 0.35 1.03 26.24 18.14 3.01 20.93 0.27 1.04 25.25 17.54 2.99 21.15 0.3 1.16 25.6 18.4 2.95 21.05 0.39 0.98 25.37 19.14 3.05 21.85 0.21 0.95 26.06 17.5 3.11 21.25 0.39 1.01 25.76 19.21 3.09 21.75 0.4 1.05 26.29 17.67 2.93 21.17 0.39 0.98 25.47 19.96 3.03 22.91 0.29 1.09 27.32 17.99 3.02 22.65 0.31 1.05 27.03 18.27 3.19 23.27 0.22 1.05 27.73 18.15 3.09 23.75 0.25 0.94 28.03 19.15 3.09 22.54 0.1 1.08 26.81 18.57 3.23 22.96 0.42 1.02 27.63 19.91 3.24 22.33 0.49 1.13 27.19 19.82orage and Drying of Woody Biomass: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency/Bioenergy Agree m

Other Reported in paper:

Protein Ash Data source

3.1875 5.76 #1 6.22 #1 5.63 #1 4.54 #1 5.21 #1 5.33 #1 4.4375 5.84 #1 3.4375 5.25 #1 4.1875 6.07 #1 3.5 5.92 #1 4.125 5.93 #1 4.1875 5.75 #1 3.0625 6.16 #1 3.75 6.44 #1 2.75 4.76 #1 3.5625 5.6 #1

3.875 5.78 #1

3.75 5.98 #1 3.875 5.91 #1 3.375 5.93 #1 3.4375 5.74 #1 6.3125 5.47 #2 9.0625 5.69 #2 5.8125 5.17 #2 8.0625 5.67 #2 7.9375 5.69 #2 7.25 5.73 #2

8.5 5.44 #2 4.75 5.08 #2 4.4375 4.46 #2

1.875 3.13 #2 3.0625 3.57 #2 2.1875 2.58 #23.25 3.15 #2 2.75 3.16 #2 2.25 2.77 #2 1.9375 2.54 #2 1.8125 2.57 #2 1.8125 2.27 #2

6.875 6.33 #2 5.8125 6.87 #2

6.125 7.52 #2 6 7.3 #2 6.75 6.42 #2 6 6.25 #2 7.9375 7.38 #2

6.625 6.46 #2

7.25 7.08 #2 6.4375 7.02 #2 6.5 6.71 #2 4.5625 6.4 #2 5.3125 5.56 #2 4.6875 5.64 #2

4.875 6.03 #2 6 5.49 #2 5.0625 7.03 #2 5 7.55 #2m ent Task IX Activity 5 Workshop, 19 May 1993, New Brunswick, Canada. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Report No. 241; pp. 28

‐ 52.

## Corn Stover ‐ Data from DOE Database
Reference: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/biomass/progs/search1.cgi Samples: C orn stover Database cites: Adam, P.; Ashley, P.; Chum, H.; Deutch, S.; Fe n from Colorado State University, stored in square bales Wheat straw Database cites: Agblevor, F. A.; Chum, H. L.; Johnson, D. K. (1 9 NIST Research Material 8494

Analytical Method: ASTM/NREL methodology



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported Reported i n Calculated:

Extractive

s Total Extractive

s Glucan Cellulose Corn Stover 7.74 7.74 34.61 34.61 4.75 4.75 35.82 35.82 11.89 11.89 30.61 30.61

5.16 5.16 35.76 35.76 3.32 3.32 36.51 36.51 4.42 4.42 35.67 35.67 3.89 3.89 37.12 37.12 5.02 5.02 34.02 34.02 4.57 4.57 34.32 34.32 4.29 4.29 35.22 35.22 4.78 4.78 38.12 38.12 5.61 5.61 37.69 37.69 Wheat Straw 12.95 12.95 32.64 32.64



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Corn stover 77.63 11.99 10.24 99.86 80.81 8.4375 9.82 99.0675 71.45 15.89 11.04 98.38 79.24 9.16 11.48 99.8882.97 7.945 11.42 102.335 79.84 8.2325 11.11 99.1825 81.16 8.4525 12.54 102.1525 79.54 9.395 13.34 102.275 80.53 9.1325 13.46 103.1225 80.61 8.6025 13.51 102.7225 84.2 8.9675 11.53 104.6975 84.55 9.6725 10.06 104.2825 Average 80.21 9.66 11.63 Wheat straw 74.36 16.8875 10.22 101.4675

Adjusted for % recover y

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Corn Stover 77.74 12.01 10.25 81.57 8.52 9.91 72.63 16.15 11.22 79.34 9.17 11.49 81.08 7.76 11.16 80.50 8.30 11.20 79.45 8.27 12.28 77.77 9.19 13.04 78.09 8.86 13.05 78.47 8.37 13.15 80.42 8.57 11.01 81.08 9.28 9.65

Wheat straw 73.28 16.64 10.07

Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Corn Stover 87% 13% 91% 9% 82% 18% 90% 10% 91% 9% 91% 9% 91% 9% 89% 11%90% 10% 90% 10% 90% 10% 90% 10% Average 89% 11% Wheat straw 81% 19%n nell, J.; Johnson, D. K.; Wiselogel, A. (1994). "Study of Compositional Changes in Biomass Feedstocks Up o

9 93). "Compositional Analysis of NIST Biomass Standards from the IEA Whole Feedstock Round Robin." E n

Hemicellulose Lignin Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper

Uronic acids Arabinan Xylan Mannan Galactan Total hemicellul

ose Total Lignin

3.12 2.54 18.32 0.4 0.95 25.33 17.69 4.17 2.69 18.97 0.47 0.92 27.22 17.77 3.53 1.89 15.99 0.51 0.73 22.65 18.19 3.14 2.55 18.94 0.52 0.94 26.09 17.39 4.39 2.42 18.97 0.47 0.96 27.21 19.25 4.53 2.52 18.58 0.42 0.99 27.04 17.13 1.72 2.46 20.31 0.48 0.92 25.89 18.15 2.84 2.11 19.52 0.54 0.83 25.84 19.68 3.03 1.91 18.88 0.43 0.71 24.96 21.25 2.94 2.18 19.91 0.55 0.85 26.43 18.96 2.41 2.03 20.25 0.41 0.74 25.84 20.24 2.99 2.42 21.61 0.38 0.87 28.27 18.59 2.24 2.35 19.22 0.31 0.75 24.87 16.85o n Storage (Results)." Storage and Drying of Woody Biomass: Proceedings of the International Energy Agency/Bioe

n ergy from Biomass and Wastes XVI: Proceedings of the Institute of Gas Technology Conference, 2

‐ 6 March 1992, O

Other Reported in paper:

Protein Ash

4.25 10.24 3.6875 9.82 4 11.04 4 11.48 4.625 11.42 3.8125 11.11 4.5625 12.54

4.375 13.34 4.5625 13.46 4.3125 13.51 4.1875 11.53 4.0625 10.06 3.9375 10.22nergy Agreement Task IX Activity 5 Workshop, 19 May 1993, New Brunswick, Canada. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish U

O rlando, Florida. Chicago, IL: Institute of Gas Technology; pp. 395

‐ 421.U niversity of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Report No. 241; pp. 28

‐ 52.

## Corn Stover ‐ Data from Templeton et al. (2009)
Reference: Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS, David W. Tem p Samples: collected from 47 sites in 8 corn belt states after the 2001, 2002, and 2003 harvests 508 commercial hybrid corn stover samples Analytical Method: Near

‐ infrared spectroscopy/partial least squares multivariate modeling, calibrated w



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated: Reported i n

in Ethanol sucrose inorganics water

‐ ext (other) Total organics Glucan Average 3.3 3.6 2.5 8.6 15.5 31.9



## Total (% Composition) Calculated: Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) 70.9 19.2 6.4 96.5

Adjusted for % recover y Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics 73.5 19.9 6.6

Adjusted for Inorganics Cellulosic Components Other Organics 79% 21%p leton, Amie D. Sluiter, Tammy K. Hayward, Bonnie R. Hames, Steven R. Thomas, Cellulose 2009 16:62 1

w ith standard NREL Laboratory Analytical Prodedures (LAPs)

Hemicellulose Lignin Calculated: Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in p a

Cellulose Xylan Galactan Arabinan Mannan Acetyl Total hemicellul ose Lignin 31.9 18.9 1.5 2.8 0.3 2.2 25.7 13.31

‐ 639

Other Reported in paper: Calculated:

Protein Structural inorganics (ash) Total inorganics 3.7 3.9 6.4

## Corn Stover & Bagasse ‐ Data from Templeton et al. (2010)
Reference: Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 2. Method Uncertanties, Davi d Samples: Corn stover: Pioneer hybrid 33B51 harvested in fall of 2003 from northeastern CO, B Corn stover: 1 sample, 154 replicate analyses in 13 batches, by 7 analysts in 2 labs; B Analytical Method: NREL methods



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated: Reported i n

sucrose (extractive) water extractive

(other) ethanol extractive Total extractives protein + ash (extractive) Glucan Corn Stover (average) 7.2 8 2.6 22.5 4.7 34 Bagasse 0.7 2.7 1.9 5.7 0.4 39



## Total (% Composition) Calculated: Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Corn Stover (average) 71.9 20 4.7 96.6 Bagasse 91.5 5.8 3.9 101.2

Adjusted for % recover y Cellulosic Components Other Organics Inorganics Corn Stover (average) 74.4 20.7 4.9 Bagasse 90.4 5.7 3.9

Adjusted for Inorganics Cellulosic Components Other Organics Corn Stover (average) 78% 22% Bagasse 94% 6%d W. Templeton, Christopher J. Scarlata, Justin B. Sluiter, and Edward J. Wolfrum, J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010 , B agasse: NIST RM 8491 B agasse: 1 analysis per batch, 14 total

Hemicellulose Lignin Other Calculated: Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in pap e Reported in

Cellulose Arabinan Xylan Galactan Acetyl Total hemicellul ose Lignin Protein 34 2.5 19.2 1 2.9 25.6 12.3 2.2 39 1.8 21.8 0.8 3.3 27.7 24.8 0.5, 58, 9054

‐ 9062

paper:

Ash 4.7 3.9

## Miscanthus ‐ Data from Villaverde et al. (2010)
Reference: Villaverde, Juan Jose, Pablo Ligero and Alberto de Vega (2010) Miscanthus x gig a Samples: collected late winter, after senescence

Analytical Method: unknown (not described in paper)



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated Reported i n Calculated :

Ethanol/ toluene ethanol hot water Total extractabl

es Glucose Cellulose Miscanthus 2.2 0.1 1.6 3.9 38 38



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Miscanthus 77.2 0.8 78

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for " o Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Miscanthus 78%a nteus as a source of biobased products through Organosolv fractionation: A mini review. The Open Agricu

Hemicellulose

: Reported in paper Calculated:

Xylose Mannose Galactose Arabinose Rhamnose Uronic acids Total hemicellul

ose 14.9 0 0.3 1.1 0 1.2 17.5

o ther organics" is not validltural Journal, 4, 102

‐ 110

Lignin Other Reported in paper Calculated: Reported in paper:

Acid insoluble Acid

‐ soluble lignin Total Lignin inorganics (ash) 20.8 0.9 21.7 0.8

## Woods ‐ Data from Wang et al. (2011)
Reference: Wang, Xiaming, Jennifer M. Padgett, Florentino B. De la Cruz, and Morton A. Ba r Samples: wood obtained from a lumber yard and shredded

Analytical Method: sulfuric acid hydrolysis, analysis of sugars, Klason lignin



## Percent Composition Extractables Cellulose Reported in paper: Calculated Reported i n Calculated :

Ethanol/ toluene ethanol hot water Total extractabl

es Cellulose Cellulose Red oak 0 40.5 40.5 eucalyptus 40 40 spruce 42 42 radiata pine 41.1 41.1



## Total (% Composition) Calculated:

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics Inorganics Total (% recover) Red oak 83.7 0.4 84.1 eucalyptus 83 0.1 83.1 spruce 89.7 1.5 91.2 radiata pine 88.3 0.8 89.1

Analysis did not adjust for % recovery because samples were not analyzed for protein, so the value for " o Adjusted for Inorganics

Cellulosic Compone nts Other Organics

Red oak 84% eucalyptus 83% spruce 91% radiata pine 89%r laz (2011) Wood Biodegradation in Laboratory

‐ Scale Landfills. Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 6

Hemicellulose Lignin Other

: Reported in Calculated: Reported i n Calculated: Reported in paper:

Hemicellulo

se Total hemicellulo

se Klason lignin Total Lignin volatile solids inorganics (ash) 19.6 19.6 23.6 23.6 99.6 0.4

11 11 32 32 99.9 0.1 20.3 20.3 27.4 27.4 98.5 1.5 20.1 20.1 27.1 27.1 99.2 0.8

o ther organics" is not valid864

‐ 6871.