UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION

PC Code: 129016 DP Barcode: D411277

Date : August 16,2013

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Registration Review Drinking Water Assessment for Flumetsulam

FROM:

THRU:

TO: James K. Wolf, Ph.D., Environmental Scientist 

## Q,.Hn.M 

## fC**lJ~** Environmental Risk Branch III 

# U**.** 

# -- Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

James A Hetrick, Ph.D., Senior Scientist

Dana S. Spatz., Branch

## Chief**~~** Rosanna Louie-Juzwiak,**RAP ~** **~**

Environmental Risk Branch III Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Felecia Fort, Ph.D., Branch Chief Mohsen Sahafeyan, Chemist Registration Action Branch 6 Health and Effects Division (7509P)

Katherine St. Clair, Chemical Review Manager Kevin Costello, Branch Chief Risk Management and Implementation Branch II Pesticide Reevaluation Division (7505P)

In support of the registration review for flumetsulam, the Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has vrepared the preliminary drinking water assessment which incorporates

current OPP guidance and includes new data that have been made available since the last

assessment.

This drinking water assessment for flumetsulam ':!Pdates previous assessments by incorporating the latest product label information, newly available environmental data, exposure models, and model scenarios. For the current assessment, the surface water EDWCs are 6

. 7 J.lg/L and 1.45

1 http: // www.epa

. gov / oppefedl / modelslwater / models4.htm2 μg/L, for the 1-in-10 year daily peak and a nnual flumetsulam concentration, respectively. The 30-year annual mean is 0.76 μg/L ( Tables 1 and 7 ). Based on PRZM-GW modeling, the highest flumetsulam concentration is 19.8 μg/L for the daily peak, and 14.8 μg/L for the average concentration after breakthrough ( Tables 1 and 8 ).

Flumetsulam was detected in less than 1 pe rcent of the ground and surface water samples collected in non-target monitoring studies. The maximum flumetsulam concentration in monitoring data was 1.1 μg/L in surf ace water and 0.05 μg/L in groundwater.

EFED recommends ( Table 1 ) using the maximum concentration from the 30-year groundwater simulation for human health risk assessment ( i.e., 19.8 and 14.8 μg/L). EFED recognizes that there is uncertainty associated with the 30-year simulation results due to the assumption that the maximum rate is applied every year for the Cent ral Sands Region of Wisconsin from 30 years of continuous use. These estimates represent potentia l exposure to private drinking water wells in a highly vulnerable pesticide use area.

Table 1. Maximum Flumetsulam EDWCs for Corn in Surface Water and Groundwater

Drinking Water Source (Model) 1-in-10 yr 30 year Ave 30 -Year Simulation

Acute Chronic Cancer Acute Chronic (μg/L) Surface Water (PRZM/EXAMS) 6.68 1.45 0.76 - - Groundwater (PRZM-GW) - - - 19.8 14.8

Use Characterization

Flumetsulam is registered for use to control br oadleaf weeds in field corn, silage corn and soybean fields in the United States. Herbic ide products containing flumetsulam are often formulated together with other herb icidal active ingredients. It is an active ingredie nt (a.i.) in 10 registered herbicidal products ( Table 2) . Products containing flumetsulam are formulated as water-dispersible granules, wettable powders, or emulsifiable concentrates. Products containing flumetsulam may not be applied through ch emigation. Broadstrike, NAS-280, NAS-281, and Surestart herbicides may not be applied aerially.

Table 2. Pesticide Products Registered in the United States that Contain Flumetsulam

EPA Reg. No. Product Name Formulation a Registered Crops Other AIs in Product Restrictions

352-593 Accent Gold EC Corn Clopyralid, Nicosulfuron, and

Rimsulfuron Make only application per

season.

352-612 Dupont Access Gold WDG WDG Corn Clopyralid, Nicosulfuron, and

Rimsulfuron Do not apply more than 0.07 lb flumetsulam per acre (A)

per crop year.

62719-224 Broadstrike WDG Corn and Soybean (None) Do not exceed 1 application

per year. Do not aerially apply.

62719-253 Hornet WP Corn Clopyralid Do not apply more than 0.073 EPA Reg. No. Product Name Formulation a Registered Crops Other AIs in Product Restrictions

lb flumetsulam per acre per

crop year. "Do not apply aerially unless permitted by EPA approved

supplemental labeling"

62719-277 Python WDG WDG Corn and Soybean (none) Do not apply more than 0.07 lb flumetsulam per acre per

crop year. Do not apply aerially in NY.

62719-278 NAF-280 WDG Corn Clopyralid Do not exceed 1 application

per year. Do not aerially apply.

62719-279 NAF-281 WP Corn Clopyralid Do not exceed 1 application

per year. Do not aerially apply.

62719-299 Frontrow WDG Soybean Cloransulam-methyl (co-packed) Do not apply more than 0.07 lb flumetsulam per acre per

crop year. Do not apply more than 0.012

lb/A flumetsulam per crop growing season. Do not apply aerially in NY.

62719-315 Hornet WDG WDG Corn Clopyralid potassium salt Do not apply more than 0.07 lb flumetsulam per crop year. "Do not apply aerially unless permitted by EPA approved

supplemental labeling"

62719-570 Surestart EC Corn Acetochlor and Clopyralid Do not apply more than 0.0525 lb/A of flumetsulam per growing season. Do not apply aerially

a EC: emulsifiable concentrate, WDG: water dispersible granular (=dry flowable), WP: Wettable powder.

Products containing flumetsulam ar e all applied as sprays to so il and/or emerged crops. They may be sprayed onto fields as preplant, pre-emergent applications, or postemergence applications ( Table 3 ). Preplant and pre-emergent applications to soil may or may not be soil incorporated. Some products may also be sprayed onto dry bul k fertilizer, and the herbicide-impregnated fertilizer is then applied ont o fields. For the currently regi stered uses, the maximum annual application rate for flumetsulam is 0.07 lb a.i./A. Some product labels allow only one applications per year or per crop season, whereas other product labels do not restrict the number of applications, but restrict th e total amount of flumetsulam app lied per year to 0.07 lb a.i./A. Two applications of flumetsulam may be made annually, with a minimum reapplication interval of 14 days.4 Table 3. Application Information for Registered Use Sites of Flumetsulam

Application

Timing Products 1 Max Rate per App.

(lb/A) Max Rate per Year

(lb/A) Max. No. Apps. Ground/ Aerial Application Methods Restrictions

Corn (Field) Preplant or Preemergence 352-593 62719-224 62719-277 62719-278 62719-279 62719-315 62719-570 (Accent Gold, Broadstrike, Hornet, NAF, Python WDG, SureStart) 0.0693 0.07 1 or NS Ground or aerial Broadcast soil or foliar

spray No aerial application in NY

Postemergence 62719-253 62719-315 (Hornet, Hornet WDG) 0.0578 0.07 NS Ground or aerial Broadcast soil or foliar

spray Aerial application requires approved supplemental label.

352-593 352-612 (Accent Gold, Dupont Accent Gold WDG) 0.035 0.035 NS Ground or Aerial Broadcast soil or foliar

spray Aerial application allowed in CO, IA, KS, MN, NE. OK, SD, and TX only. 62719-224 62719-570 Broadstrike, SureStart 0.06 0.07 1 Ground Broadcast soil or foliar

spray Apply using ground equipment only Preplant, Preemergence,

or Postemergence 62719-278 62719-279 62719-570 (NAF-280, NAF-281, SureStart 0.0556 0.0695 1/Yr or NS Ground Impregnated dry bulk fertilizer

62719-277 (Python) 0.065 0.065 NS Ground Impregnated dry bulk fertilizer Corn (Silage) Preplant, Preemergence,

or Postemergence 62719-570 (SureStart) 0.03 0.0525 NS Ground Broadcast soil or foliar

spray

62719-570 (SureStart) 0.045 0.0525 NS Ground Impregnated dry bulk fertilizer Soybean Preplant or Preemergence 62719-244 62719-277 62719-299 (Broadstrike, Frontrow, Python WDG) 0.0674 0.07 or NS 1/Yr or NS Ground or Aerial Broadcast soil or foliar

spray No aerial application in NY5 Postemergence 62719-299 (Frontrow) 0.006 0.012 2 Ground or Aerial Broadcast soil or foliar

spray Minimum 14- day interval between applications

62719-224 (Broadstrike) 0.015 0.015 1 Ground Broadcast soil or foliar

spray Apply using ground equipment only Preplant, Preemergence,

or Postemergence 62719-277 (Python WDG) 0.065 0.065 NS Ground Impregnated dry bulk fertilizer

1 The maximum use rate given on labels of some products may be lower than the rate listed in this table.

Previous Drinking Water Assessments

The maximum EDWCs for flumetsulam from the previous drinking water assessment (USEPA, 2004, D301361, J. Lin) in surface source drinking water (PRZM/EXAMS) for the 1-in-10 year daily peak and annual mean concentration were 2.03 μg/L and 0.59 μg/L, respectively, and the 30-year annual mean concentration 0.34 μg/L. Th e 2004 assessment used the crop-specific PCAs for corn and soybeans, individually, rather than considering the corn/soybean rotation.

The estimated total flumetsulam residue con centration in shallow groundwater using SCIGROW was 0.823 μg/L (Table 10 ). The difference in SCI-GROW estimates between this assessment (0.27 μg/L) and the previous assessmen t (0.823 μg/L) is that the previous assessment used the lowest K oc rather than a median K oc . Flumetsulam Chemistry, Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization

Flumetsulam is classified as moderately persistent to persistent, and mobile to highly mobile in the environment. The environmental fate database for flumetsulam is largely complete. Environmental fate studies show th at flumetsulam is moderately pe rsistent in soil (aerobic halflives on the order of weeks to months), more pe rsistent under anaerobic aquatic conditions (halflife of about 6 months) and aerobi c aquatic conditions (half-life > 1 year), and stable to both hydrolysis and photolysis. However, the persistence and mobility of flumetsulam appear to be influenced by pH and organic carbon conten t. Flumetsulam has a low vapor pressure and Henry’s Law constant, and its phys ical properties indicate a lo w potential for volatilization. The physical and chemical properties of flumetsula m and available fate da ta are summarized in Table 4.6 Table 4. Flumetsulam Physical/Chemical Properties

PARAMETER VALUE(S) SOURCE (Study Acceptability Classification) a COMMENTS

Molecular Structure http://www.alanwo od.net/pestici des/flumetsulam.html

Chemical Name (common) Flumetsulam

CAS Number 98967-40-9

Name CAS: N-(2,6-difluorophenylsulphamoyl)-5-methyl(1,2,4)- Triazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine

IUPAC: 2 ′ ,6 ′ -difluoro-5-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine-2- sulfonanilide http://www.alanwo od.net/pestici des/flumetsulam.html

Chemical Class Triazolpyrimidine herbicide Sulfonanilide herbicide http://www.alanwo od.net/pestici des/flumetsulam.html

Molecular Formula C 12 H 9 F 2 N 5 O 2 S - http://www.alan wood.net/pestici des/flumetsulam.html

Molecular Weight 325.3 41931731 b

Solubility in water (25 o C) 5650 mg/L @ pH 7.0 (25 ° C) 49.1 mg/L @ pH 2.5 (25 ° C) 42512501 b , 41931731 b

Vapor Pressure (25 o C) 2.8 x 10 -15 mmHg (25 ° C) 41931731 b Extrapolated by registrant from 100°C

Henry’s Law Constant (25 o C) 6.14e -15 atm-m 3 /mol @25 ° C Calculated

Hydrolysis Half-life @ pH7 (25 o C) Stable 41263229 (a)

Aqueous Photolysis Half-life (pH 4) Stable 41931726, 41931727 (a)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Halflife (ASM) (T 1/2 ) 93 , 48, 47, 30, 23 , 44, 88, 36,19, 81,51,28, 44, 130, 13, 17, 20, 46, 60 , 59, 102 days [ range 13 to 130 days; mean = 51.0 days] 41263230 , 41931731, 41931732, 41290403 (a) T 1/2 indentified in the problem formulation 23, 60, 93, 102 days; mean = 69,5 days ( MRID 41263230 ).

Anaerobic Aquatic Soil Metabolism 183 days 41931733 (a)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days) 1762 [ 14 C-pyrimidine ring] days 1319 [ 14 C-analine ring] days 43592203 (a) Studied reviewed but DER has not been completed.7 PARAMETER VALUE(S) SOURCE (Study Acceptability Classification) a COMMENTS

Soil Partition Coefficient (K d ) (mL/g) 0.95, 0.46, 0.05, 0.09, 0.19, 0.19, 0.56, 0.91, 0.52, 0.15, 0.73, 0.47, 0.19, 0.48, 1.05, 0.19, 0.22, 0.14, 0.51, 0.79, 0.89, 1.00,0.50 41263231, 41290403, 42512501 (a)

Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (K oc ) (mL/g oc ) 42, 24, 21, 5, 31, 18, 32, 71, 13, 47, 24, 10, 21, 74, 13, 10, 17, 10, 38, 39, 24, 15 41263231, 41290403, 41931734, 42512501, 43592202

Log Octanol/water partition coefficient (K ow )(25 ◦ C) Log K ow = 0.21 @ pH 7 42512501 b

Terrestrial Field Dissipation Half-life 1.5 to 3 months 41931735 (a)

Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) in fish No data -

pK a (acid dissociation constant) 4.6 41931731 b

a Study classification (a) = acceptable study that fu lfills guideline requirement; (s) = supplemental study

b Reported in submitted Study Report.

Environmental Fate Assessment

When the previous drinking water assessment (USEPA, 2004) and the problem formulation was completed (USEPA, 2008), only a subset [four soils: mean = 69.5 days] of the available [22 soils: mean = 51.0 days] aerobic soil metabolis m (ASM) data was identified (MRID 41263230). The data from the other studies ( Table 4 ) have been considered for this assessment. The degradation half-lives of flumetsulam appear to be somewhat related to soil pH and soil organic carbon (OC); e.g., longer half-life (mean = 57 days; pH<7 ) at lower pH (mean 36 days; pH>7) and shorter half-lives (mean = 43 days; OC<2% and mean = 59 days; OC>2%) in soils with lower organic carbon content (MRID 41290403). The aver age ASM half-life for the four soils in the study (MRID 4126230) was 69.5 days with soil pH values ranging from 5.9 to 7.1 and OC contents of 0.6 to 4.2%. The range of half-lives from the 22 soils however were essentially the same regardless of range of pH [23 to 93 days; pH<7 and 13 to 102 days; pH>7] or OC [13 to 130 days; OC<2% and 17 to 102 days; OC>2%] content.

While flumetsulam is more soluble in neutral waters than in acidic water, it is very resistant to abiotic reactions (stable to hydrolysis, as well as photolysis in water and on soil). The major route of dissipation for flumetsulam is belie ved to be metabolism in aerobic soils, where metabolism half lives ranged from 13 days in sandy loam to 130 days in loam soil. Metabolites were less than 10% of applied radioactivity and were not identified. Metabolism in the aquatic environment is expected to be much slower, with a reported anaerobic aquatic half-life of 183 days and an estimated aerobic aquatic half-life great er than a year. A pr eviously unreviewed aerobic aquatic metabolism study (MRID 43592203) was reviewed and is considered in this assessment. The calculated pseudo-first orde r half-lives were 1762 and 1319 days for the 14 C-8 pyrimidine and 14 C-aniline labels, respectively. Under an aerobic aquatic conditions flumetsulam is reduced to flumetsulam hydrate. Oxidation will cause a transformation back to flumetsulam.

The soil retention of flumetsulam (MRID 41931734), as indicated by the adsorption/desorption studies, does not seem to be str ongly dependent on any of the majo r properties of the tested soils, except for possibly soil pH, as would be expected from a chemical with a pK a value of 4.6. The measured K d s tended to be greater (avera ge 0.69 mL/g) at pH values ≤ 7.1 then at pH values ≥ 7.4 (0.23 mL/g). Sorption was also weakly correlate d with soil organic car bon content (p=0.055).The K d values range from 0.05 to 1.05 mL/g and K oc values range from 5 to 74 mL/g oc which categorizes flumetsulam as mobile to highly mobile 2 . The low vapor pressure and Henry’s Law constant of flumetsulam suggest that it will not volatilize appreciably from soil or surface water.

Flumetsulam degrades to CO 2 with no significant accumulation of intermediate degradates, except for reduced flumetsulam hydrate [N -(2,6 difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7 -tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-5- methyl-(1,2,4)-triazolo(1,5-a)pyrimid ine-2-sulfonamide], formed in the anaerobic aquatic study. Flumetsulam hydrate accounted for 52% of the to tal applied radiation at day 360, and degraded with a half life of about 180 days. However, th is degradate was found to accumulate less (max of <8% of total applied radiation) and degrade more quickly (t 1⁄2 about 2 days) in a weakly anaerobic test system that became progressively more an aerobic with time. Flumetsulam degraded much slower in aerobic aquatic systems compared to anaerobic aquatic condi tions. No degradation products were identified. Calcul ated pseudo-first order half-liv es were 1762 and 1319 days for the 14 C-pyrimidine and 14 C-analine labels, respectively.

Small scale prospective groundwater monitoring studies were conducted in corn and soybean growing areas in Indiana (MRID 44451301) a nd North Carolina (MRID 44451302). The study sites would be considered as hydrologically vul nerable to due water table depth and soil/vadose zone material. Both studies were conducted at si tes where water table dept hs of ranged between 10 and 17 feet below ground surface (bgs) at the Indi ana (1436 days) site and 8 to 18 feet bgs at the North Carolina (1420 days) site. Averag e water depths for the two studies were approximately 13 feet below land surface. Irrigation was applied during the studies. Soil and vadose zone textures tended to range from sandy loam to sand. Soil was sampled and analyzed as was water samples collected from suction lysi meters (within treated area) and groundwater monitoring wells (up-gradient and down-gradient wells outside treated area). Soil samples are limited for assessing the mobility of flumetsulam in soil due to relatively high detection limits and sampling increments. At the Indiana site, trace levels of flumetsulam were detected in soil pore water. Three of the four down gradient monitoring wells had detections of <0.05 to 0.10 μg/L (18 to 47 months after treatment (MAT)). At the NC site, flumetsulam moved to the 3-foot depth along with the bromide tracer. Maximum concen trations were detected at 6-,9-, and 12-ft soil water depth were about 0.26 ppb (3-MAT ), 0.28 ppb (3-MAT), and 0.13 ppb (4-MAT), respectively. Flumetsulam was less than the LOD (<0.025 ppb) in soil water below 3-ft by 17- MAT. Flumetsulam was detected in groundwat er at the NC site on 0-DAT (maximum concentration 0.114 μg/L) in two wells. No other detections were note d. It was thought the detection were due to either field or laboratory contaminati on. The results and the sampling intervals used in the study may be inadequa te for fully describing the maximum possible leaching potential of flumetsulam.

2 EFED Standardized So il Mobility Classification Guidance; April 21, 20069 Since flumetsulam does not rapidly metabolize wh en in contact with soils and does not bind strongly to soil surfaces, there is a potential for runoff from applic ation sites to adjacent surface waters. Persistence in water indicates that fl umetsulam may persist long enough to present some concern to surface water and ground water resources. Volatilization is not e xpected to be a major route of dissipation from either water or soil for flumetsulam.

Drinking Water Modeling

EFED exposure models were used to estimate th e drinking water exposure concentrations for use in the dietary risk assessment of flumetsulam. The estimate d drinking water concentrations (EDWC) for flumetsulam in surface water ( Table 7 ) were estimated using PRZM/EXAMS. EDWCs for flumetsulam in groundwater are es timated with the Tier I/II PRZM-GW ( Table 8 ) and Tier I SCI-GROW ( Table 10 ) models.

The input parameters were selected from th e physical/chemical properties and environmental fate data submitted by the registrant to support registration of flumetsulam. Input parameters were generally (several deviations ar e noted below) selected in accordance with US EPA-OPP EFED water model parameter selection guidelines, Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides , Version 2.1, October 22, 2009 3

. Detailed information about the models, selectio n of input parameters and scenarios can be obtained from, http://www.epa .gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm

. Flumetsulam Modeling Input Parameters

The input parameters used in this DWA are selected from the environmental fate data submitted by the registrant in generally in accordance w ith US EPA-OPP EFED water model parameter guidance ( Table 5 ). However, some uncertainties exist in choosing input parameters. As noted above aerobic soil metabolism rates ( e.g ., half-life) and sorption ( e.g ., K d ) are influenced, at least in part, by pH and soil organic content. While a relationship between pH and OC may be established, the half-life and sorption will be in fluenced by the specific soil properties included in the modeling scenarios. Because of the influe nce of pH and OC on the half-life and sorption values, the lowest sorption coefficients and l ongest half-lives did not occurred, the average K oc was used following input selection guidance (USEPA, 2009). The aerobic soil metabolism halflife value used was the 90 percent upper bound estimated of the mean (98.9 days) using the subset of the data, the 90 pe rcent upper bound estimate of all soils is 59.4 day). The numeric average for the aerobic aquatic half-life (1540 days) was used fo r modeling rather than the 90 percent upper bound of the mean (2222 days) as recommended in EFED model input guidance, because considerable uncertainty exists for esti mating half-lives which are 3 to 4 times longer than the study duration. Aerobic aquatic metabolism half-life valu es this long were observed to have little influence on the PRZM/EXAMS es timated flumetsulam concentrations.

3 USEPA, 2009. Guidance for Sel ecting Input Parameters for Modeling the Enviro nmental Fate and Tran sport of Pesticide.

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_paramete r_guidance.htm10 Table 5. PRZM/EXAMS a , PRZM-GW b , and SCI-GROW c Input Parameters for Total Flumetsulam

Model Parameter Value Reference (MRIDs) Molecular Weight (g/moles) a 325.3 41931734 Henry’s Law Constant (atm-m 3 /mol) a 2.8 x 10 -15 Calculated Vapor Pressure (torr) a 2.8 x 10 -15 (25°C) 41931735 Solubility (mg/L) a 5650 @ pH7 (25°C) 41931734

K oc (L/mg-OC) Mean =27.3 a,b mL/g oc Median = 22.5 c mL/g oc Range = 5 to 74 mL/g oc 41263231, 41290403, 41931734, 42512501, 43592202

Aqueous Photolysis Half-life [t 1⁄2 ](days) a stable 41931726, 41931727,

Hydrolysis [t 1⁄2 ] @ pH 7 (days) a,b stable 41263229

Aerobic Soil Half-life [t 1⁄2 ] (days) a,b,c 98.9 a T 1/2 indentified in the pr oblem formulation 23, 60, 93, 102 days ( MRID 4126230 ). Aerobic Aquatic Half-life [t 1⁄2 ] (days) a Mean = 1540 90% upper bound = 2222.3 43592203 c

Anaerobic Aquatic Half-life [t 1⁄2 ](days) a 549 (3 x 183 days) 41931733 [t 1⁄2 =183 days highly anaerobic conditions]

Surface Water Modeling and Results

Standard EFED PRZM scenarios 4 for Kansas corn (KS corn) and Mississippi corn (MS corn) and soybeans (MS soybean) were used as these were the scenarios which resulted in the highest EDWCs in the previous drinking water assessment. Three application methods were considered preemergence spray (Chemical Application Me thod (CAM) = 1), postemergence (CAM=2), and impregnated fertilizer (CAM = 1). Pesticide application management inputs for PRZM are summarized in Table 6 and spray drift parameters. Preemerge nce application dates were selected to be prior to the plant emergence (scenario dependent) and postemergence date was 30 days after the preemergence application date. The application rates, reapplication intervals, and date first application are also given ( Table 7 ). Ground (G) or aerial (A) spray methods were assumed for both the preemergence and postemergence applications.

Table 6. Pesticide application management PRZM/EXAMS inputs used in aquatic exposure modeling for Flumetsulam. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Chemical Application Method (CAM) a Aerial and Ground Applications CAM = 1 soil applied/broadcast CAM = 2, linear foliar based on crop canopy Application Efficiency b Aerial Applications = 0.95 Ground Applications = 0.99 Impregnated Fertilizer = 1.00 Spray Drift Fraction b Aerial Applications = 0.16

4 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/11 PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Ground Applications = 0.064 Impregnated Fertilizer = 0.0

a CAM also required for PRZM-GW

b USEPA, 2009 Model Input Guidance

Given the persistence of flumetsu lam observed in the aquatic envi ronment and the uncertainty of extrapolating half-lives beyond th e length of the study, the mean ae robic aquatic half-life value was used instead the upper bound value on the mean. The EDWCs using the mean (1540 days) or upper bound (2222 days) aerobic aquatic ha lf-life were virtually equivalent ( e.g. , to the second decimal place). The EDWCs for flumetsulam in surface water are 6.68 μg/L and 1.45 μg/L, the 1-in-10 year daily peak and annual mean concen tration, respectively, and 0.76 μg/L the 30-year annual mean concentration ( Table 7 ). The flumetsulam concentrations vary depending upon the application dates (preemergence versus poste mergence) and the method of application (e.g., ground or aerial spray) and scenario. The 1-in -10 year peak EDWCs ranged from 2.64 to 6.68 μg/L, the 1-in-10 year average concentrations ranged from 0.53 to 1.45 μg/L, and the 30 year average concentration ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 μg/L. The percent cropped area (PCA) is 0.87 for corn/soybean rotation (Echeverria et al., 201 2). Representative mode l outputs are included in Appendix 1.

Table 7. PRZM/EXAMS Estimated Surface Water EDWCs for Flumetsulam (with PCA a,5 )

Scenario Date of Application #apps/rate 1-in-10 year 30-year ave peak 10 yr average (application method) b (mn-day) c (lb a.i./A) [μg/L] KS Corn (A-preemergence) 05-01 0.07 5.22 1.45 0.76 KS Corn (G-preemergence) 05-01 0.07 5.19 1.44 0.71 MS Corn (A-preemergence) 03-28 0.07 6.65 1.15 0.45 MS Corn (G-preemergence) 03-28 0.07 6.68 1.16 0.43 MS Corn (foliar A-postemergence ) 04-28 0.07 3.04 0.55 0.27 MS Corn (foliar G-postemergence ) 04-28 0.07 2.98 0.53 0.24

MS Soybean (A- preemergence) 03-31 0.07 2.97 0.64 0.31 MS Soybean (G- preemergence) 03-31 0.07 2.84 0.61 0.27 MS Soybean (foliar A-postemergence) 04-31 0.07 2.64 0.57 0.21 MS Soybean (foliar G-postemergence) 04-31 0.07 2.76 0.60 0.22

a PCA (Percent Crop Area) = 0.87 corn-soybean combination

b A is aerial spray and G is ground spray

c Application date Month-Day

5 Echeverria et al., 2012. Guidance on Development Use of Percent Cropped Area and Percent Turf Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments:2012 Update http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models /water/pca_adjustment_dwa.html12 Groundwater Modeling and Results

Tier I and II groundwater EDWCs for flumetsula m for the current uses were derived with PRZM-GW (Pesticide Root Zone Model fo r Groundwater, version 1.0, August 31, 2012), using the GW-GUI (Graphical User Interface, version 1.0, August 31, 2012). PRZM-GW output values represent pesticide conc entrations in a vulnera ble groundwater supply that is located directly beneath a rural agricultural field. Esti mates from PRZM-GW are presented in Table 8 and Appendix 2

.Currently, the environmental fate input parameters are limited to aerobic soil metabolism halflife, hydrolysis (if app licable), and sorption (K oc ) in PRZM-GW (Table 4). Since flumetsulam is stable to hydrolysis the only means of degrad ation is by aerobic soil metabolism. PRZM-GW assumes that the aerobic soil metabolism rate to decr eases linearly to 1 meter; below this depth it is assumed that no further degrad ation (unless there is additional data are available). Additional information on PRZM-GW can be obtained at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#przm_gw

The highest daily flumetsulam concentration in shallow groundwater es timated by PRZM-GW is 19.8 μg/L. PRZM-GW estimates for peak concen tration ranged from 4.9 to 19.8 μg/L. The postbreakthrough averages ranged from 4.2 to 14.8 μg/L. The average breakthrough time ranged from 440 days to 1435 days (1.2 to 3.9 years).

Table 8. PRZM-GW Estimates of Flumetsulam in Groundwater EECs [μg/L]

Groundwater

Scenario #apps:rate:date (#:lb a.i./A:mn-day) Highest daily value Post Breakthrough Average Avg Breakthrough Time (days)

Delmarva 1:0.07:04-05 Preemergence 14.9 10.4 440 FL Central Ridge 1:0.07:01-01 Preemergence 15.2 10.0 459 FL Potato 1:0.07:02-10 Preemergence 5.1 4.1 818 GA Coastal Plain 1:0.07:04-25 Preemergence 4.9 4.2 1435 NC Coastal Plain 1:0.07:05-15 Preemergence 10.1 7.5 1274 WI Central Sands 1:0.07:05-01 Preemergence 19.7 14.6 875 WI Central Sands 1:0.07:06-01 Postemergence 19.8 14.8 875

As part of the implementation of the new PRZM-G W model, for one year EFED is continuing to present estimated ground water concentrations based on the older model, SCI-GROW. Input parameters for SCI-GROW modeling are shown in Table 9 and Appendix 3

.

Table 9. SCI-GROW Input Parameters for Flumetsulam

Model Parameter Value

Median K oc (L/mg-OC) 22.5 Aerobic Soil Half-life (days) 69.513 The SCI-GROW estimate of shallow groundwater c oncentrations of flumetsulam are shown in Table 10

. Due to the simple assumption used in SCI-GROW, no additional fate data, and the same maximum application rate (0.07 lb a.i./A), the estimated groundwater concentrations are the same as the previous drinking water assessment, using the lowest K oc value (5 mL/g oc ). Using the median K oc (22.5 mL/g oc ), the SCI-GROW estimate would be less ( Table 10 ).

Table 10. SCI-GROW Estimated Exposure Concentrations of Flumetsulam in Drinking Water Drawn from Groundwa ter and Current Assessment Maximum Application Rate (lb a.i./A) Flumetsulam Concentration (μg/L)

0.07 0.27

Available Monitoring Data

Small-Scale Prospecti ve Ground Water Monitoring

The registrant previously submitted a small- scale prospective ground-water monitoring study (MRIDs 44451301 and 44451302) to evaluate the leachi ng potential of flumetsulam use on corn. The study was designed to monitor one field site in the projected highest use are of the Midwestern United States (Indiana) and one s ite in the more hydrogeologically vulnerable Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain (North Carolina) region of the United Stat es. A detailed review of this prospective ground water monitoring study was conducted by EFED (EFED, 1998, DP 241890).

At the Indiana site, results suggest that flum etsulam did leach into the groundwater with a maximum observed concentration of 0.09 μg/L. Ho wever, this observed maximum value is not conclusive as some of the findings indicate probl ems with the analytical results and the sampling intervals. The reported LOQ and LOD were 0.058 to 0.119 and 0.025 to 0.050 μg/L. Also, there were no monitoring wells installed in the treated area; therefore, there is uncertainty that the reported residue values represent the possible maximum leaching value underneath the treated area. At the North Carolina site, results indicate that flumetsulam did not leach into the groundwater 11-14 feet below the soil surface.

Other Monitoring Studies

Surface and ground water data from available pes ticide monitoring program s were reviewed to provide additional context concerning the potenti al presence of flumetsulam in ambient water resources. These water monitoring programs do not target sample collection to peak use locations or application times fo r particular pesticides, nor do th ey target sample collection to high precipitation events ( i.e.

, high-runoff events) or areas highly vulnerable to groundwater contamination. Additionally, the sampling fre quency in these monitoring programs was not designed to capture peak concentrations. Ther efore, the monitoring data reported by these programs may not represent the highest concentr ations in ambient su rface water, and are considered qualitative information for the purposes of this ecol ogical risk assessment

. The groundwater monitoring studies also were not selected based upon flumetsulam use.14 U.S. Geological Survey surface water monitori ng data are available for flumetsulam (see http://co.water.usgs.gov/midconherb/html/sulfonylurea.html ). In 1998, 214 water samples were collected during post-application runoff events at 76 surface-water and 25 ground-water sites. Flumetsulam was detected in 65% of the stream samples, making it the second most frequently detected pesticide (out of a total of 16 ). Flumetsulam (method reporting limit MRL = 0.010 μg/L) was also detected in 57% of the reservoir samples and in 12% of well-water samples (3 out of 25). All flumetsulam detections were below 1 μg/L. It should be noted that is no indication that these monitoring data were intended for the high use area of this herbicide or that the sampling scheme was designed to capture the p eak run off concentration during the high use periods. Therefore, the data are presented here for informational purposes only, and were not used quantitatively in the assessment.

USGS-EPA Pilot Reservoir Monitoring Program

–A pilot reservoir monitoring project was initiated by the USEPA’s Office of Pesticide Prog rams, Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED/OPP), USEPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW/OPP), and USGS National Water Quality Assessment (USGS/ NAWQA) to assess pesticide concentrations in raw and finished drinking water (Blomquist et al. 2001 6 ). Reservoirs were sampled because they are important sources of drinking water a nd because they store runoff water and pesticide loadings within their watersheds.

In this study, twelve water-s upply reservoirs and Community Water Systems (CWSs) were selected based on vulnerability for pesticide cont amination. Small watersheds with high pesticide use and high runoff potential were given the high est priority in the selection process. Other factors considered were repres entation across pesticide use areas, integration with ongoing monitoring efforts, and feasibility of monitoring. These sites were not specifically targeted to flumetsulam use areas. Flumetsulam was detected in about 3 percent of the raw-intake water samples with a maximum concentration of 0.09 μg/L.

Table 11. Flumetsulam detections in USGS EPA Pilot Reservoir Monitoring Program.

Water Source # Detections/#Samples Detection Frequency (%) Maximum Concentration (μg/L)

Raw Water-Intake 9/312 2.9 0.088 Finished Water-Tap 4/225 1.8 0.087

California Surface Water Monitoring Program Data - There were no flumetsulam detections (with LOD of 0.011 to 0.0866 μg/L) in the Cali fornia surface water monitoring program’s database for the period October 2001 to July 2010(current to April 2013). California Surface Water Monitoring Program data are available at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/surfwtr/surfdata.htm

.

Groundwater - There were no detections (with LOD 0.05 μg/L) of flumetsulam in 745 well sampled (36 counties) in California (CDPR, 2013).

6 Blomquist, J.D., J.M. Deni s, J.L. Cowles, J.A. Hetrick, R. D. Jones, N.B. Birchfield. 2001. Pe sticides in Selected Water-Supply

Reservoirs and Finished Drinking Water, 1999-2000; Summary of Results from a Pilot Monitoring Program. Open-File Report 01-456. U.S. Geological Survey. Baltimore, MD.15 USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Data – Flumetsulam is included as analyte in the USGS NAWQA monitoring pr ogram. NAWQA program data are available at http://infotrek.er.usgs.go v/apex/f?p=NAWQA:HOME:0 . Maximum detection in surface water was 1.1 μg/L and in groundwater 0.051 μg/L with a MDL of 0.011 to 0.0866 μg/L.

Table 12 Summary Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Data for Flumetsulam in the NAWQA database groundwater and surface water.

Water Type Number of Samples Number of Detections Range of Detections (μg/L) Groundwater 2246 17 0.0031 to 0.0509 Surface Water 2769 62 0.0034 to 1.0828

USDA Pesticide Data Program (PDP) Data - The PDP drinking water monitoring project provides non-targeted pesticide occurrence data in raw, finished (treated/tap), and groundwater for selected community water systems in the United States. The flumetsulam water monitoring data from 2003 to 2011 PDP are summarized in Table 13 . Detections tended to be in the part per trillion (ppt or ng/L) or low ppb (μg/L) levels. PD P data are available at http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/pdp

.

Table 13. Flumetsulam detections in the USDA PDP Database.

Water Source Year # of samples # Samples with detects % of sample with detect Range of Values detected

(ppt) Range of LOD b (ppt) Drinking water 2003 321 9 2.8 6.0-200 Finished 2004 233 - - - 6.0-196 Unfinished 2004 233 1 0.4 24 ^ 6.0-196 Drinking water 2005 662 - - 10 ^

Finished 2005 230 4 1.7 10 ^ 6-129 Unfinished 2005 231 7 3.0 10 ^ 6-129 Finished 2006 365 - - - 6-129 Unfinished 2006 367 - - - 6-129 Finished 2007 368 - - - 6.0-128 Unfinished 2007 362 - - - 6.0-128 Groundwater 2010 14 - - - 6.0 ^

Finished 2010 284 1 0.4 33 ^ 6.0-20 Unfinished 2010 282 1 0.4 33 ^ 6.0-20 Groundwater residence 2011 232 1 0.4 15.5 ^ 8.6-20 Groundwater school/daycare 2011 372 - - - 8.6-20 Finished 2011 118 2 1.7 23-25 6.0 ^

Unfinished 2011 120 2 1.7 10 ^ 6.0 ^

^ 1 distinct detected concentration or LOD was reported for the pair.

b LOD limit of detection16 Citations

CDPR. 2013. Sampling for Pesticide Residues in California Well Water. 2012 Update. California Environmental Protection Agency, Depart ment of Pesticide Regulation. 262 pp. Sacramento, CA.

EFED, 2009. Guidance for Selecting Input Paramete rs in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides. October 22, 2009. U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Arlington, VA http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/w ater/input_parameter_guidance.htm

Baris, R. 2012. Baris, R., Barrett, M., Bohaty, R. F.H., Echeverria, M, Villanueva, P., Wolf, J., and Young, D. 2012. Guidance for Using PRZM-GW in Drinking Water Exposure Assessment. October 15, 2012. U.S. Envir onmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Arlington, VA. http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water /przm_gw/wqtt_przm_gw_guidance.htm

Echeverria, 2012. Marietta Echeverria, M., Jo nes, R.D., Peck, C., Ruhman, M., Shelby,A., Thawley, S., and Thurman, N. Development and Use of Percent Cropped Area and Percent Turf Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments: 2012 Update. March 16, 2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate a nd Effects Division. Arlington, VA http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models /water/pca_adjustment_dwa.html

USEPA. 2004. Lin, J. and Syslo, S. Drinking Wa ter Assessment for Flumetsulam for Uses on Field Corn and Soybeans. DP Barcode : 301361. May 19, 2004. Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA, 2009. Shanaman, L. and M. Frankenb erry. Memorandum: Flumetsulam Registration Review: Ecological Risk Assessment Problem Formulation. DB Barcode D349617, June 3, 2008.17 APPENDIX 1

PRZM/EXAMS OUTPUT stored as MScornA.out Chemical: Flumetsulam PRZM environment: MScornSTD.txt modi fied Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 13:57:40 EXAMS environment: ir298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08 Metfile: w03940.dvf modified Tued ay, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:14 Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 8.757 8.512 7.62 5.774 4.756 1.524 1962 2.145 2.077 1.868 1.465 1.218 0.4135 1963 0.6332 0.613 0.5403 0.4479 0.392 0.1372 1964 6.813 6.596 5.857 4.424 3.639 1.168 1965 7.731 7.557 6.651 5.024 4.136 1.339 1966 0.4884 0.473 0.4145 0.3825 0.3261 0.1228 1967 1.295 1.254 1.148 0.9977 0.8385 0.2925 1968 4.142 4.021 3.634 2.789 2.3 0.746 1969 0.7578 0.7337 0.6707 0.5436 0.4669 0.164 1970 0.5231 0.5064 0.4491 0.384 0.3232 0.1073 1971 1.981 1.918 1.705 1.483 1.251 0.4115 1972 3.979 3.853 3.392 2.575 2.121 0.682 1973 0.9642 0.9335 0.8624 0.6923 0.5864 0.1999 1974 1.89 1.83 1.608 1.214 1.006 0.3418 1975 1.1 1.065 0.9784 0.7952 0.6637 0.2194 1976 5.704 5.522 4.829 3.648 3.004 0.9635 1977 1.79 1.758 1.571 1.213 1.007 0.335 1978 0.989 0.9575 0.8861 0.6805 0.5821 0.1987 1979 4.079 3.949 3.586 2.753 2.273 0.7368 1980 7.794 7.547 6.8 5.265 4.35 1.4 1981 2.353 2.287 2.087 1.589 1.31 0.436 1982 0.7772 0.7524 0.6665 0.5782 0.4978 0.1704 1983 5.342 5.198 4.593 3.501 2.917 0.949 1984 1.903 1.843 1.683 1.292 1.066 0.3582 1985 1.703 1.66 1.548 1.188 0.9803 0.3205 1986 0.5255 0.5087 0.4508 0.3862 0.3254 0.1098 1987 0.7583 0.7341 0.6639 0.5153 0.427 0.1385 1988 4.329 4.228 3.806 2.887 2.377 0.7622 1989 3.83 3.708 3.416 2.655 2.196 0.7154 1990 0.473 0.4581 0.4065 0.3208 0.2669 0.09423

Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 8.757 8.512 7.62 5.774 4.756 1.524 0.0645161290322581 7.794 7.557 6.8 5.265 4.35 1.4 0.0967741935483871 7.731 7.547 6.651 5.024 4.136 1.33918 0.129032258064516 6.813 6.596 5.857 4.424 3.639 1.168 0.161290322580645 5.704 5.522 4.829 3.648 3.004 0.9635 0.193548387096774 5.342 5.198 4.593 3.501 2.917 0.949 0.225806451612903 4.329 4.228 3.806 2.887 2.377 0.7622 0.258064516129032 4.142 4.021 3.634 2.789 2.3 0.746 0.290322580645161 4.079 3.949 3.586 2.753 2.273 0.7368 0.32258064516129 3.979 3.853 3.416 2.655 2.196 0.7154 0.354838709677419 3.83 3.708 3.392 2.575 2.121 0.682 0.387096774193548 2.353 2.287 2.087 1.589 1.31 0.436 0.419354838709677 2.145 2.077 1.868 1.483 1.251 0.4135 0.451612903225806 1.981 1.918 1.705 1.465 1.218 0.4115 0.483870967741936 1.903 1.843 1.683 1.292 1.066 0.3582 0.516129032258065 1.89 1.83 1.608 1.214 1.007 0.3418 0.548387096774194 1.79 1.758 1.571 1.213 1.006 0.335 0.580645161290323 1.703 1.66 1.548 1.188 0.9803 0.3205 0.612903225806452 1.295 1.254 1.148 0.9977 0.8385 0.2925 0.645161290322581 1.1 1.065 0.9784 0.7952 0.6637 0.2194 0.67741935483871 0.989 0.9575 0.8861 0.6923 0.5864 0.1999 0.709677419354839 0.9642 0.9335 0.8624 0.6805 0.5821 0.1987 0.741935483870968 0.7772 0.7524 0.6707 0.5782 0.4978 0.1704 0.774193548387097 0.7583 0.7341 0.6665 0.5436 0.4669 0.164 0.806451612903226 0.7578 0.7337 0.6639 0.5153 0.427 0.1385 0.838709677419355 0.6332 0.613 0.5403 0.4479 0.392 0.1372 0.870967741935484 0.5255 0.5087 0.4508 0.3862 0.3261 0.1228 0.903225806451613 0.5231 0.5064 0.4491 0.384 0.3254 0.1098 0.935483870967742 0.4884 0.473 0.4145 0.3825 0.3232 0.1073 0.967741935483871 0.473 0.4581 0.4065 0.3208 0.2669 0.09423

0.1 7.6392 7.4519 6.5716 4.964 4.0863 1.3219 Average of yearly averages: 0.518571

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run: Output File: MScornA Metfile: w03940.dvf PRZM scenario: MScornSTD.txt EXAMS environment file: ir298.exv Chemical Name: Flumetsulam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 325.3 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 0.8e-15 torr Solubility sol 5650 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 27.3 mg/L19 Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1540 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolis m kbacs 549 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 98.9 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 1 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.078 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 28-03 dd/ mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Reservoir Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, m onthly or total(aver age of entire run)

stored as MScornG.out Chemical: Flumetsulam PRZM environment: MScornSTD.txt modi fied Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 13:57:40 EXAMS environment: ir298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08 Metfile: w03940.dvf modified Tued ay, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:14 Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 8.842 8.592 7.692 5.83 4.802 1.539 1962 1.978 1.915 1.729 1.348 1.123 0.3812 1963 0.455 0.4404 0.3894 0.2999 0.2545 0.09336 1964 6.846 6.626 5.885 4.446 3.657 1.168 1965 7.772 7.595 6.686 5.051 4.158 1.345 1966 0.3006 0.2912 0.2586 0.2112 0.1856 0.07813 1967 1.15 1.113 1.012 0.8978 0.7569 0.2551 1968 4.071 3.953 3.565 2.739 2.26 0.7278 1969 0.5778 0.5594 0.5074 0.3917 0.3325 0.1212 1970 0.3116 0.3016 0.2703 0.213 0.1828 0.06216 1971 1.788 1.731 1.531 1.361 1.152 0.3789 1972 3.853 3.731 3.286 2.496 2.057 0.6612 1973 0.7553 0.7313 0.6873 0.5429 0.4581 0.1585 1974 1.74 1.684 1.481 1.119 0.9204 0.3064 1975 0.9045 0.8757 0.775 0.6443 0.5382 0.1789 1976 5.659 5.478 4.791 3.62 2.981 0.9543 1977 1.59 1.565 1.404 1.077 0.8952 0.299420 1978 0.7971 0.7716 0.7255 0.56 0.4623 0.1574 1979 3.985 3.858 3.512 2.696 2.227 0.7181 1980 7.834 7.585 6.842 5.302 4.381 1.409 1981 2.177 2.116 1.93 1.471 1.213 0.4046 1982 0.6081 0.5887 0.5208 0.4221 0.3651 0.1279 1983 5.313 5.171 4.567 3.472 2.895 0.939 1984 1.713 1.658 1.525 1.174 0.9692 0.3236 1985 1.518 1.469 1.373 1.057 0.8724 0.2844 1986 0.3178 0.3077 0.2702 0.2151 0.185 0.06473 1987 0.5196 0.503 0.4472 0.3502 0.2909 0.09463 1988 4.24 4.135 3.726 2.827 2.328 0.7446 1989 3.702 3.585 3.315 2.582 2.137 0.6959 1990 0.1994 0.1931 0.175 0.1469 0.124 0.04846

Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 8.842 8.592 7.692 5.83 4.802 1.539 0.0645161290322581 7.834 7.595 6.842 5.302 4.381 1.409 0.0967741935483871 7.772 7.585 6.686 5.051 4.158 1.345 0.129032258064516 6.846 6.626 5.885 4.446 3.657 1.168 0.161290322580645 5.659 5.478 4.791 3.62 2.981 0.9543 0.193548387096774 5.313 5.171 4.567 3.472 2.895 0.939 0.225806451612903 4.24 4.135 3.726 2.827 2.328 0.7446 0.258064516129032 4.071 3.953 3.565 2.739 2.26 0.7278 0.290322580645161 3.985 3.858 3.512 2.696 2.227 0.7181 0.32258064516129 3.853 3.731 3.315 2.582 2.137 0.6959 0.354838709677419 3.702 3.585 3.286 2.496 2.057 0.6612 0.387096774193548 2.177 2.116 1.93 1.471 1.213 0.4046 0.419354838709677 1.978 1.915 1.729 1.361 1.152 0.3812 0.451612903225806 1.788 1.731 1.531 1.348 1.123 0.3789 0.483870967741936 1.74 1.684 1.525 1.174 0.9692 0.3236 0.516129032258065 1.713 1.658 1.481 1.119 0.9204 0.3064 0.548387096774194 1.59 1.565 1.404 1.077 0.8952 0.2994 0.580645161290323 1.518 1.469 1.373 1.057 0.8724 0.2844 0.612903225806452 1.15 1.113 1.012 0.8978 0.7569 0.2551 0.645161290322581 0.9045 0.8757 0.775 0.6443 0.5382 0.1789 0.67741935483871 0.7971 0.7716 0.7255 0.56 0.4623 0.1585 0.709677419354839 0.7553 0.7313 0.6873 0.5429 0.4581 0.1574 0.741935483870968 0.6081 0.5887 0.5208 0.4221 0.3651 0.1279 0.774193548387097 0.5778 0.5594 0.5074 0.3917 0.3325 0.1212 0.806451612903226 0.5196 0.503 0.4472 0.3502 0.2909 0.09463 0.838709677419355 0.455 0.4404 0.3894 0.2999 0.2545 0.09336 0.870967741935484 0.3178 0.3077 0.2703 0.2151 0.1856 0.07813 0.903225806451613 0.3116 0.3016 0.2702 0.213 0.185 0.06473 0.935483870967742 0.3006 0.2912 0.2586 0.2112 0.1828 0.06216 0.967741935483871 0.1994 0.1931 0.175 0.1469 0.124 0.0484621 0.1 7.6794 7.4891 6.6059 4.9905 4.1079 1.3273 Average of yearly averages: 0.490695666666667

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run: Output File: MScornG Metfile: w03940.dvf PRZM scenario: MScornSTD.txt EXAMS environment file: ir298.exv Chemical Name: Flumetsulam Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 325.3 g/mol Henry's Law Const. henry atm-m^3/mol Vapor Pressure vapr 0.8e-15 torr Solubility sol 5650 mg/L Kd Kd mg/L Koc Koc 27.3 mg/L Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1540 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolis m kbacs 549 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 98.9 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life Method: CAM 1 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.078 kg/ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.064 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 28-03 dd/ mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Reservoir Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, m onthly or total(aver age of entire run)22 APPENDIX 2

PRZM-GW Outputs Wisconsin Corn Scenario Rate: 0.07 lb a.i./acre -Preemergence: application date 05-01 (mn-day) Flumetsulam Highest Daily Concentration: 19.7 μg/L PostBreak Through Average: 14.6 μg/L Average Breakthrough Time: 875 days

Wisconsin Corn Scenario Rate: 0.07 lb a.i./acre -Preemergence: application date 06-01 (mn-day)

Flumetsulam Highest Daily Concentration: 19.8 μg/L PostBreak Through Average: 14.8 μg/L Average Breakthrough Time: 875 days23 PRZM-GW Input Files Preemergence 8/15/2013 9:23:57 AM; Enter chemical name or desc riptive information.; Wisconsin Corn - WI Central Sands User Interface Version: PRZM-GW (Version 1.01) ***Record 3 0.76 0.36 0 18 1 1 ***Record 6 0 ***Record 8 1 ***Record 9 1 0.25 90 100 1 10 10 10 0 100 ***Record 10 30 ***Record 11 010561 210761 201061 1 010562 210762 201062 1 010563 210763 201063 1 010564 210764 201064 1 010565 210765 201065 1 010566 210766 201066 1 010567 210767 201067 1 010568 210768 201068 1 010569 210769 201069 1 010570 210770 201070 1 010571 210771 201071 1 010572 210772 201072 1 010573 210773 201073 1 010574 210774 201074 1 010575 210775 201075 1 010576 210776 201076 1 010577 210777 201077 1 010578 210778 201078 1 010579 210779 201079 1 010580 210780 201080 1 010581 210781 201081 1 010582 210782 201082 1 010583 210783 201083 1 010584 210784 201084 1 010585 210785 201085 1 010586 210786 201086 1 010587 210787 201087 1 010588 210788 201088 1 010589 210789 201089 1 010590 210790 201090 124 ***Record 12 Place Holder ***Record 13 30 1 0 0 ***Record 15 Place Holder ***Record 16 1 561 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 562 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 563 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 564 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 565 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 566 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 567 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 568 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 569 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 570 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 571 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 572 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 573 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 574 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 575 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 576 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 577 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 578 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 579 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 580 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 581 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 582 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 583 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 584 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 585 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 586 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 587 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 588 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 589 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 590 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 ***Record 17 0 1 0 ***Record 19 Place Holder ***Record 20 1000 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 ***Record 26 0 0 0 ***Record 2725 3 0.1 0.7 4.0 ***Record 31 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.97 10.0 ***Record 32 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 ***Record 32A 2.00 25.0 ***Record 33 8 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 1 1 10 1.63 0.088 0 0 0 0.00701 0.00701 0 1 0.088 0.034 0.46 0.12558 5.6 95 2.3 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 2 2 10 1.63 0.088 0 0 0 0.00662 0.00662 0 5 0.088 0.034 0.46 0.12558 5.6 95 2.3 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 3 3 20 1.68 0.079 0 0 0 0.00545 0.00545 0 20 0.079 0.025 0.14 0.03822 5.6 96 2.5 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 4 4 20 1.68 0.079 0 0 0 0.00389 0.00389 0 20 0.079 0.025 0.09 0.02457 5.6 96 2.5 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 5 5 20 1.59 0.068 0 0 0 0.00234 0.00234 0 20 0.068 0.016 0.09 0.02457 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 6 6 20 1.59 0.068 0 0 0 0.0007790.000779 0 20 0.068 0.016 0.08 0.02184 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 7 7 800 1.59 0.068 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0.068 0.016 0.07 0.01911 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 8 8 100 1.59 0.396 0 0 026 0 0 0 50 0.396 0.001 0.07 0.01911 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 40 0 *** Record 42 YEAR 10 YEAR 10 YEAR 10 0 *** Record 45 3 YEAR *** Record 46 DCON1 TAVE 33 34 1.0E3 INFL TCUM 33 33 0.0107 IRRG TSER

Postemergence 8/15/2013 9:15:11 AM; Enter chemical name or desc riptive information.; Wisconsin Corn - WI Central Sands User Interface Version: PRZM-GW (Version 1.01) ***Record 3 0.76 0.36 0 18 1 1 ***Record 6 0 ***Record 8 1 ***Record 9 1 0.25 90 100 1 10 10 10 0 100 ***Record 10 30 ***Record 11 010561 210761 201061 1 010562 210762 201062 1 010563 210763 201063 1 010564 210764 201064 1 010565 210765 201065 1 010566 210766 201066 1 010567 210767 201067 1 010568 210768 201068 1 010569 210769 201069 1 010570 210770 201070 1 010571 210771 201071 1 010572 210772 201072 1 010573 210773 201073 1 010574 210774 201074 1 010575 210775 201075 1 010576 210776 201076 1 010577 210777 201077 127 010578 210778 201078 1 010579 210779 201079 1 010580 210780 201080 1 010581 210781 201081 1 010582 210782 201082 1 010583 210783 201083 1 010584 210784 201084 1 010585 210785 201085 1 010586 210786 201086 1 010587 210787 201087 1 010588 210788 201088 1 010589 210789 201089 1 010590 210790 201090 1 ***Record 12 Place Holder ***Record 13 30 1 0 0 ***Record 15 Place Holder ***Record 16 1 661 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 662 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 663 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 664 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 665 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 666 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 667 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 668 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 669 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 670 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 671 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 672 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 673 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 674 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 675 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 676 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 677 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 678 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 679 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 680 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 681 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 682 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 683 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 684 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 685 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 686 0 1 4 0.078 1 028 1 687 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 688 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 689 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 1 690 0 1 4 0.078 1 0 ***Record 17 0 1 0 ***Record 19 Place Holder ***Record 20 1000 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 ***Record 26 0 0 0 ***Record 27 3 0.1 0.7 4.0 ***Record 31 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.97 10.0 ***Record 32 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 ***Record 32A 2.00 25.0 ***Record 33 8 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 1 1 10 1.63 0.088 0 0 0 0.00701 0.00701 0 1 0.088 0.034 0.46 0.12558 5.6 95 2.3 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 2 2 10 1.63 0.088 0 0 0 0.00662 0.00662 0 5 0.088 0.034 0.46 0.12558 5.6 95 2.3 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 3 3 20 1.68 0.079 0 0 0 0.00545 0.00545 0 20 0.079 0.025 0.14 0.03822 5.6 96 2.5 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 4 4 20 1.68 0.079 0 0 0 0.00389 0.00389 0 20 0.079 0.025 0.09 0.02457 5.6 96 2.5 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 5 5 20 1.59 0.068 0 0 0 0.00234 0.00234 0 20 0.068 0.016 0.09 0.0245729 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 6 6 20 1.59 0.068 0 0 0 0.0007790.000779 0 20 0.068 0.016 0.08 0.02184 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 7 7 800 1.59 0.068 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0.068 0.016 0.07 0.01911 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 34,36,37 Horizon 8 8 100 1.59 0.396 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0.396 0.001 0.07 0.01911 5.6 97 1.7 0 0 *** Record 40 0 *** Record 42 YEAR 10 YEAR 10 YEAR 10 0 *** Record 45 3 YEAR *** Record 46 DCON1 TAVE 33 34 1.0E3 INFL TCUM 33 33 0.0107 IRRG TSER30 APPENDIX 3

SCIGROW VERSION 2.3 ENVIRONM ENTAL FATE AND EFFE CTS DIVISION OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SCREENING MODEL FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE

SciGrow version 2.3 chemical:Flumetsulam time is 8/ 1/2013 8:42:20

----------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic rate (lb/acre) applications (l b/acre/yr) (ml/g) metabolism (days)

----------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- 0.070 1.0 0.070 5.00E+00 69.5

----------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- groundwater screening cond (ppb) = 8.23E-01 ************************************************************************

SciGrow version 2.3 chemical:Flumetsulam time is 8/ 1/2013 8:42:41

----------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic rate (lb/acre) applications (l b/acre/yr) (ml/g) metabolism (days)

----------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- 0.070 1.0 0.070 2.73E+01 69.5

----------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- groundwater screening cond (ppb) = 2.26E-01 ************************************************************************