Illinois Official Reports

Appellate Court

In re O.F., 2020 IL App (1st) 190662

Appellate Court 

Caption

In re O.F., a Minor (The People of the State of Illinois, PetitionerAppellee, v. O.F., Respondent-Appellant).

District & No. First District, Third Division 

No. 1-19-0662

Filed June 30, 2020

Decision Under 

Review

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 18-JD-2107; the 

Hon. Stuart F. Lubin, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Reversed.

Counsel on

Appeal

James E. Chadd, Patricia Mysza, and Erin Sostock, of State Appellate 

Defender’s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.

Kimberly M. Foxx, State’s Attorney, of Chicago (Alan J. Spellberg, 

Veronica Calderon Malavia, and Justin Erb, Assistant State’s 

Attorneys, of counsel), for the People.

Panel JUSTICE HOWSE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.

Presiding Justice Ellis and Justice McBride concurred in the judgment 

and opinion.
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OPINION

¶ 1 Respondent, O.F., a 16-year-old, was charged with offenses to include one count of 

aggravated possession of a stolen motor vehicle (PSMV), where it was alleged that he was 

driving a stolen Jeep and failed to stop after an officer signaled. Following a bench trial, 

respondent was adjudicated delinquent of aggravated PSMV, and the remaining offenses were 

merged into the aggravated PSMV offense. The Cook County circuit court sentenced 

respondent to commitment at the Department of Juvenile Justice until his twenty-first birthday. 

Respondent filed a direct appeal from the judgment of the trial court arguing (1) that his 

delinquency adjudication should be overturned because the State failed to prove him 

delinquent beyond a reasonable doubt where it failed to prove respondent was the offender 

driving the stolen Jeep and (2) in the alternative that his delinquent adjudication should be 

reduced from aggravated PSMV to PSMV because the State failed to prove beyond a 

reasonable doubt that the officer who signaled the Jeep to stop displayed red or blue lights and 

thus failed to prove an element of aggravated PSMV. For the following reasons, we reverse.

¶ 2 BACKGROUND

¶ 3 Following a bench trial, respondent was found adjudicated delinquent of one count of 

aggravated PSMV (625 ILCS 5/4-103.2(a)(7)(A) (West 2018)), one count of PSMV (625 ILCS 

5/4-103(a)(1) (West 2018)), and one count of fleeing or attempting to elude a peace officer 

(625 ILCS 5/11-204 (West 2018)). The trial court sentenced respondent to commitment at the 

Department of Juvenile Justice until his twenty-first birthday on the aggravated PSMV charge, 

and the two remaining offenses were merged into the aggravated PSMV offense.

¶ 4 Trial

¶ 5 Testimony of Christina Velazquez

¶ 6 At trial, Christina Velazquez testified she owned a gray 2016 Jeep Patriot with license plate 

AR89926, which she reported stolen after it was taken from outside her apartment complex 

located on the 1700 block of Barrett in North Chicago on December 24, 2018. Velazquez 

testified she did not know respondent, nor did she give him or anyone else permission to 

possess her car. 

¶ 7 Testimony of Officer Brian Dorsch

¶ 8 Officer Brian Dorsch testified he worked for the Chicago Police Department (CPD) for 22 

years. On December 27, 2018, he was on duty investigating an unrelated burglary in plain 

clothes and an unmarked police vehicle. His vehicle was not equipped with a dash cam. Dorsch 

was in the area of North and Laramie Avenues in Chicago at approximately 10:42 a.m. He 

testified the weather was cloudy that day with a “light drizzle,” “light rain.” He was heading 

northbound on Laramie when he saw a dark-colored Jeep Patriot. Dorsch testified the vehicle 

did not initially catch his attention because it was going to travel the same direction as him. 

Dorsch testified that, as the Jeep was coming toward him, he observed the driver of the vehicle, 

whom he identified as respondent. He made eye contact with the driver and was able to see the 

driver’s face but was only able to see the driver from the chest up. The Jeep then made a left 

turn into an alley of North Avenue in front of Dorsch, where he viewed the driver through the 

passenger’s side window of the Jeep. The Jeep was 10 to 15 feet away from Dorsch’s vehicle. 
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¶ 9 Dorsch’s burglary investigation required him to turn right into the same alley. Dorsch 

testified that it was after the vehicle turned left and Dorsch was following the Jeep down the 

alley that the vehicle ultimately “did catch [his] attention because it started accelerating a little 

bit away from [him].” Dorsch continued following the Jeep down the alley, as it turned on 

Saint Paul Avenue, then onto LeClaire Avenue, at which point the Jeep started to accelerate 

“extremely fast.” Dorsch testified that at this point he was following the Jeep without pursuing. 

He continued to follow the Jeep down another alley and then onto Grand Avenue. Dorsch got 

closer to the Jeep and checked the license plate through dispatch, who informed him the car 

had been reported stolen. Upon receipt of this information, Dorsch testified he activated his 

lights in attempt to stop the vehicle but the Jeep did not come to a stop. Dorsch testified that 

he continued to pursue the Jeep down Grand, eventually turning on LeClaire, driving north on 

LeClaire over 500 feet, then turning on Palmer Street. “Prior to [Dorsch] getting to Palmer the 

supervisor told [him] to stop following the vehicle” pursuant to CPD protocol for the safety of 

the officer and general public. The Jeep did not stop. Dorsch followed the Jeep down Palmer 

and saw it turn into an alley, which Dorsch passed and lost visual contact. During this time, 

Dorsch was in radio contact with other officers in the area informing them of the Jeep’s 

location. 

¶ 10 Dorsch testified the next time he saw respondent was when he ran directly in front of 

Dorsch’s vehicle. He was able to identify respondent as the individual that had been driving 

the Jeep based on his face. Dorsch testified respondent was wearing a “[d]ark hooded 

sweatshirt with this white or light colored striped dark pants.” He notified the other officers of 

respondent’s location but lost visual contact around 2130 LaPorte Avenue. 

¶ 11 Dorsch saw respondent again when he “pop[ped] out of a gangway” but testified that his 

clothing had changed; “[t]his time he did not have his hoodie.” Dorsch identified respondent 

as the driver of the Jeep. Dorsch again lost visual contact of respondent. The next time Dorsch 

saw respondent was after he had been arrested by another police unit and Dorsch, where he 

identified respondent as the driver of the Jeep. He processed respondent and learned that the 

arrest took place on the same block as respondent’s residence.

¶ 12 Testimony of Officer Mark Kushiner

¶ 13 Officer Kushiner testified he was looking for the fleeing driver of the Jeep whom he had 

received a description of from Dorsch over the radio. He saw someone matching that 

description being detained by another officer. Kushiner identified the individual being detained 

as respondent. Kushiner testified he asked Dorsch to “identify the defendant as the person he 

saw driving that [Jeep].” However in State’s exhibit 2 introduced into evidence, containing the 

video from Kushiner’s body camera of Dorsch’s identification of respondent, Kushiner stated 

“[Dorsch] you want to get a look at him?” to which Dorsch responded “Good” after which 

Kushiner confirmed for the officers detaining respondent that Dorsch had identified respondent 

as the driver of the Jeep. Respondent was then placed in a CPD vehicle. The video indicated 

the time was approximately 4:42 p.m.

¶ 14 Testimony of Officer Cerceja

¶ 15 Officer Cerceja testified she and her partner were driving in the area of Laramie and Palmer 

and saw someone matching the description of a suspect coming out of an alley. She testified 

that they began driving alongside that person, whom she identified as respondent. Cerceja 

testified that her partner opened the car window and engaged in conversation with respondent 
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and “he said he would come here; something like that.” Cerceja called for backup. She testified 

that respondent “made eye contact with us, and then he started running southbound on 

Lavergne.” The backup officers arrived at the location and detained respondent. 

¶ 16 The trial court found respondent delinquent on all charges and merged the lesser two 

charges into the aggravated PSMV charge. In its reasoning, the trial court stated:

“Officer Dorsch testified *** [h]e saw the [respondent] driving this jeep that turned 

right in front of him. He ran the plate; it was a stolen car. He continued to follow the 

vehicle. *** He heard the beeps which were associated with the body cam, but he also 

testified that you hear the same beeps with the lighted bar.

The [respondent] accelerated, [Dorsch] followed. Once he realized that it was a

stolen car, he turned his lights and siren on. The [respondent] accelerated away from 

him. 

* * *

Officer Kushiner testified that *** Officer Dorsch was looking for the driver who 

fled this car. The [respondent] matched the description. Officer Dorsch made the outof-court identification.

And Officer Cerceja testified that they were driving alongside the [respondent]. 

They made eye contact and then he fled from them, which shows the [respondent’s] 

consciousness of guilt.” 

¶ 17 The trial court sentenced respondent to commitment in the Department of Juvenile Justice 

until age 21. 

¶ 18 Respondent timely filed a direct appeal from the trial court’s judgment. 

¶ 19 This appeal followed.

¶ 20 ANALYSIS

¶ 21 Respondent raises two issues on appeal. Respondent first argues his delinquency 

adjudication should be overturned because the State failed to prove him delinquent beyond a 

reasonable doubt where it failed to prove respondent was the offender driving the stolen Jeep. 

In the alternative, respondent next argues his delinquency adjudication should be reduced from 

aggravated PSMV to PSMV because the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that 

the officer who signaled the Jeep to stop displayed red or blue lights and thus failed to prove 

an element of aggravated PSMV.

¶ 22 Standard of Review

¶ 23 Respondent’s first issue raised on appeal deals with the sufficiency of the evidence—

whether the State proved respondent was the driver of the Jeep. 

¶ 24 “When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, this court considers 

whether, in viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of 

fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” 

(Emphasis in original and internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Wheeler, 226 Ill. 2d 92, 

114 (2007). Under this standard, a reviewing court must allow all reasonable inferences from 

the record in favor of the prosecution; however, where “only one conclusion may reasonably 

be drawn from the record, a reviewing court must draw it even if it favors the defendant.” 

People v. Cunningham, 212 Ill. 2d 274, 280 (2004). The critical inquiry is whether the record 
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evidence could reasonably support a finding of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Wheeler, 

226 Ill. 2d at 114. A reviewing court 

“will not retry a defendant when considering a sufficiency of the evidence challenge. 

[Citation.] The trier of fact is best equipped to judge the credibility of witnesses, and 

due consideration must be given to the fact that it was the trial court *** that saw and 

heard the witnesses. [Citation.] Accordingly, a [trial court’s] findings concerning 

credibility are entitled to great weight. [Citation.]” Id. at 114-15. 

¶ 25 That a trial judge accepts the veracity of certain testimony does not, however, guarantee 

reasonableness and is neither conclusive nor binding, though “a fact finder’s decision to accept 

testimony is entitled to deference.” Id. at 115. Further, it is for the fact finder to judge how 

flaws or contradictions on the part of a witness’s testimony affect the credibility of the 

testimony in its totality. Cunningham, 212 Ill. 2d at 283. “Accordingly, a conviction will [only] 

be reversed where the evidence is so unreasonable, improbable, or unsatisfactory that it 

justifies a reasonable doubt of defendant’s guilt.” Wheeler, 226 Ill. 2d at 115. 

¶ 26 Having established the appropriate standard of review, we now turn to the merits of 

respondent’s appeal.

¶ 27 Proof Respondent Was the Driver of the Stolen Jeep

¶ 28 Respondent was found delinquent of aggravated PSMV (625 ILCS 5/4-103.2(a)(7)(A) 

(West 2018)). Section 4-103.2(a)(7)(A) of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Code) provides for 

aggravated offenses relating to motor vehicles and states as follows: 

“(a) Except as provided in subsection (a-1), it is a violation of this Chapter for:

* * *

(7) a person:

(A) who is the driver or operator of a vehicle and is not entitled to the possession 

of that vehicle and who knows the vehicle is stolen or converted, ***

***

who has been given a signal by a peace officer directing him to bring the vehicle to a 

stop, to willfully fail or refuse to obey such direction, increase his speed, extinguish his 

lights or otherwise flee or attempt to elude the officer. The signal given by the peace 

officer may be by hand, voice, siren, or red or blue light. The officer giving the signal, 

if driving a vehicle, shall display the vehicle’s illuminated, oscillating, rotating or 

flashing red or blue lights, which when used in conjunction with an audible horn or 

siren would indicate that the vehicle is an official police vehicle.” 625 ILCS 5/4-

103.2(a)(7)(A) (West 2018).

¶ 29 Here, where the finding of delinquency depends on eyewitness testimony, a “reviewing 

court must decide whether, in light of the record, a fact finder could reasonably accept the 

testimony as true beyond a reasonable doubt.” Cunningham, 212 Ill. 2d at 279. Vague or 

doubtful identifications will not support a conviction; however, a single witness’s 

identification of the accused is sufficient to sustain a conviction. People v. Slim, 127 Ill. 2d 

302, 307 (1989). “An identification may be positive even though the witness viewed the 

accused for a short period of time,” and “[t]he sufficiency of the opportunity to observe is for 

the trier of fact to determine.” People v. Wehrwein, 190 Ill. App. 3d 35, 39-40 (1989). 
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¶ 30 Given Dorsch’s testimony and in considering the totality of the circumstances, we conclude 

the evidence is insufficient to identify the respondent as the individual driving the stolen 

vehicle beyond a reasonable doubt. 

¶ 31 In assessing the circumstances to be considered in evaluating identification testimony, our 

supreme court has adopted the guidelines set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Neil 

v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188 (1972), which requires assessment of the following factors:

“(1) the opportunity the [witness] had to view the criminal at the time of the crime; 

(2) the witness’ degree of attention; (3) the accuracy of the witness’ prior description 

of the criminal; (4) the level of certainty demonstrated by the [witness] at the 

identification confrontation; and (5) the length of time between the crime and the 

identification confrontation.” Slim, 127 Ill. 2d at 307-08.

¶ 32 The first factor is the “most important” factor (Wehrwein, 190 Ill. App. 3d at 39); however, 

Biggers instructs that all factors are to be considered with no single factor conclusively 

establishing the reliability of identification testimony. Biggers, 409 U.S. at 199-200. We are 

cognizant of the authorities and cases cited by respondent questioning the reliability of certain 

eyewitness identifications. Our supreme court acknowledged in People v. Lerma, 2016 IL 

118496, ¶ 24, “that eyewitness misidentification ‘is now the single greatest source of wrongful 

convictions in the United States, responsible for more wrongful convictions than all other 

causes combined’ ” (quoting State v. Dubose, 699 N.W.2d 582, 591-92 (Wis. 2005)). Even 

without considering the substantial literature on eyewitness misidentification, given the 

evidence alone, we cannot find Officer Dorsch’s eyewitness testimony could be reasonably 

accepted as proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

¶ 33 Officer Dorsch’s Opportunity to View

¶ 34 We begin our analysis of the reliability of Officer Dorsch’s identification with the first and 

most important Biggers factor: the opportunity the witness had to view the criminal at the time 

of the crime. Wehrwein, 190 Ill. App. 3d at 39. We find that this factor weighs in respondent’s 

favor. 

¶ 35 We note here that Dorsch was the only witness who had an opportunity to view the driver 

of the Jeep. Furthermore, Dorsch himself only had one opportunity to view the driver of the 

Jeep. The viewing lasted just moments and occurred in less than ideal circumstances. 

¶ 36 Our difficulty with Dorsch’s opportunity to view begins with his poor vantage point during 

the viewing of the driver. It occurred as the Jeep was in motion driving toward Dorsch from 

the northbound lane and then shifted to the Jeep’s passenger side window as the vehicle turned 

from a distance of 10 to 15 feet away. Dorsch’s vehicle, which he was driving, was also in 

motion during the entire viewing. Given the trajectory of the vehicle in relation to Dorsch, the 

10- to 15-foot distance would have been the closest the Jeep ever would have gotten to Dorsch, 

such that the earlier head-on views would have been from an even greater distance. 

¶ 37 Further impacting Dorsch’s viewing opportunity was the fact that it was raining at the time. 

We recognize the viewing occurred at approximately 10:42 a.m.; however, this was not a 

bright, clear day. Dorsch testified it was cloudy and there was a light rain. Common sense 

dictates that even a light rain on a cloudy day would impact the line of sight from a distance of 

10 to 15 feet away and certainly at distances beyond that. Moreover, vehicles have glass 

windows, and as it was raining, rainwater would necessarily have accumulated on the glass of 

the Jeep’s windows and Dorsch’s front windshield, impairing the viewing opportunity even 
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with windshield wipers activated. While there is nothing in the record concerning the activation 

of either vehicle’s windshield wipers, we note that activated windshield wipers create a 

distraction and impediment that would not necessarily enhance the viewing circumstances. 

Moreover, there are no windshield wipers on the side windows of a vehicle to remove the 

rainwater that would have accumulated on the Jeep’s passenger side door, further impeding 

Dorsch’s view as the Jeep turned into the alley.

¶ 38 Finally, Dorsch testified he was only able to view the driver in the Jeep from the chest up. 

As a result, the opportunity to view was devoid of physical attributes such as the individual’s 

clothing, height, and weight upon which the viewer can seize to aid an identification. This is 

particularly relevant where, as is the case here, the identification was from a distance that 

would obscure the finer details of a person’s facial features that might be used to bolster such 

an identification. On this point, Dorsch’s identification testimony merely evidences that he saw 

the driver’s face and made eye contact, identifying no distinguishing characteristics. We find 

this lack of specification particularly troubling given our conclusion as to the other Biggers

factors, particularly, Dorsch’s degree of attention, as we will discuss below.

¶ 39 We are cognizant of the cases cited by the State affirming convictions based on eyewitness 

identifications that occurred over a short period of time, from an equivalent or greater distance, 

or by a single witness, but we find those cases can be distinguished from this case. See Slim, 

127 Ill. 3d at 311 (affirming eyewitness identification where, though the only eyewitness, 

actual victim of the robbery at issue was that witness, the witness was standing face-to-face 

only one or two feet away at the time of the robbery and continued to view the robber’s face 

as he backed away 10 to 15 feet, and the witness had an unimpeded opportunity to view the 

robber under well-illuminated conditions); see also People v. Macklin, 2019 IL App (1st) 

161165, ¶¶ 28-30 (affirming eyewitness identification that lasted seconds but where there were 

two eyewitnesses who identified the defendant, the defendant’s face and body were not 

obscured, there was sufficient artificial lighting, and the eyewitnesses were paying attention as 

the defendant approached them on foot); People v. Anderson, 2017 IL App (1st) 122640, ¶¶ 41-

42 (affirming identification from 10 to 12 feet away for a brief period of time, but there were 

two eyewitnesses, the viewing occurred in a well-lit ally where the witnesses had an 

unobstructed view of the defendant’s entire person, and the description of the defendant given 

over the radio was accurate with an identification being made minutes later).

¶ 40 Nevertheless, as noted in Macklin, 2019 IL App (1st) 161165, ¶ 34, cited by the State, 

“each case must be judged on its own facts.” Based on the record before us, we conclude that 

this Biggers factor weighs in favor of respondent.

¶ 41 Officer Dorsch’s Degree of Attention

¶ 42 We also find the second of the Biggers factors—Officer Dorsch’s degree of attention—

weighs in favor of respondent. 

¶ 43 As previously noted, Dorsch only had one opportunity to view the driver of the Jeep, in 

unfavorable conditions. Our difficulty with the reliability of Dorsch’s eyewitness identification 

is further complicated by Dorsch’s self-described lack of attention to the Jeep in the moments 

he had to view the driver within. 

¶ 44 Most significantly, Dorsch specifically testified the Jeep had not caught his attention until 

after it turned left and Dorsch was following the vehicle from behind. It was only when Dorsch 

was behind the vehicle and it began to speed up that Dorsch testified the Jeep finally caught 
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his attention. Thus, Dorsch’s eye contact with the driver and opportunity to view his face 

occurred at a time when Dorsch’s attention was directed elsewhere, and this was the only 

opportunity Dorsch had to view the driver of the Jeep. 

¶ 45 On top of this, Dorsch testified there was nothing special about the Jeep that made him 

follow the vehicle. In fact, the only reason Dorsch did so was because he was in the midst of a 

burglary investigation requiring him to turn right into the same alley. Dorsch specifically 

testified that the reason the Jeep did not catch his attention was because Dorsch was going to 

travel in that same direction. 

¶ 46 Additionally, the fact that both Dorsch’s vehicle and the Jeep were in motion during the 

entire viewing necessarily further detracts from the level of attention Dorsch could direct to 

the viewing of the Jeep’s driver. Accordingly, we find this factor weighs heavily in 

respondent’s favor and when coupled with Dorsch’s poor opportunity to view becomes 

particularly damning.

¶ 47 Accuracy of Officer Dorsch’s Prior Description

¶ 48 As to the accuracy of Officer Dorsch’s prior description of respondent, we find this factor 

weighs in favor of respondent. As respondent acknowledges, at trial 

“Dorsch failed to give any description of the person he saw driving the Jeep. [Citation.] 

In fact, the State presented no evidence of the race, sex, age, height, weight, hair color, 

or hair style of the person Dorsch saw driving the Jeep. Thus, no comparison can be 

made between the appearance of the driver and either the person Dorsch later saw on 

foot or [respondent’s] appearance at the time Dorsch identified him at the show-up.” 

¶ 49 As explained above, there are significant issues with Dorsch’s suboptimal viewing of the 

Jeep’s driver. Adding to the problematic identification is the fact that there is absolutely no 

testimony in the record from Dorsch detailing the description of the individual he observed, 

albeit from the chest up, driving the Jeep. Furthermore, no officer testified about the description 

of the Jeep’s driver they received from Dorsch. As a result, we are unable to compare for 

accuracy the description on which respondent’s arrest was based, further weakening the 

identification.

¶ 50 While there was no testimony concerning any description provided of the Jeep’s driver, 

Dorsch did provide a description at trial of the individual he later observed on foot, whom he 

identified as the Jeep’s driver, which is also problematic. Significantly, that description was 

inconsistent with respondent’s appearance at the time of his arrest. Dorsch was asked what 

respondent was wearing when Dorsch first saw respondent on foot. Dorsch testified respondent 

was wearing a “dark hooded sweatshirt with this white or light colored striped dark pants.” 

However, Dorsch’s “clothing descriptions of the person on foot do not accurately describe 

[respondent’s] appearance when he was detained and identified in the show-up.” When 

respondent was detained and Dorsch identified him as the Jeep’s driver, respondent “was 

wearing a black sweatshirt, with no hood and the word ‘Champion’ written on it in white 

lettering; and solid black pants with a ‘C’ on the left thigh.” We recognize that Dorsch testified 

respondent removed his hoodie at some point, but this does not cure all the inconsistencies. 

We are cognizant of courts that have affirmed identifications where there is a variance in the 

clothing. However, in this case, the absence in the record of any physical description of the 

Jeep’s driver by Dorsch, combined with the variance in the clothing description, detracts from 

our confidence in Dorsch’s identification of respondent. We weigh this factor in favor of 
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respondent.

¶ 51 Officer Dorsch’s Level of Certainty

¶ 52 We find that the factor of Officer Dorsch’s level of certainty tilts slightly against 

respondent. As the State points out, Dorsch did not equivocate in his belief that respondent 

was the driver of the Jeep. However, Dorsch’s only testimony linking the driver of the Jeep to 

respondent is as follows: 

“Q. And then when you saw this person running in the area of Waller in the alley, 

were you able to identify that person as the person who’s driving the [Jeep]?

A. Yes. 

Q. And how were you able to do that? 

A. Face.” 

¶ 53 While clear and unequivocal, this testimony does not exactly instill confidence and 

certainly does not overcome the serious deficiencies identified with Dorsch’s level of attention 

and opportunity to view the driver of the Jeep in the first place. Further adding to the 

unreliability of this identification is that it was accomplished by way of a show-up such that 

respondent was standing alone in police custody when the identification was made. As our 

supreme court has observed, such show-ups carry a dangerous degree of improper suggestion 

leading to unreliable identifications. People v. Blumenshine, 42 Ill. 2d 508, 512 (1969). Thus, 

we weigh this factor in favor of respondent.

¶ 54 The Time Between the Crime and Officer Dorsch’s

Identification Confrontation

¶ 55 The factor concerning the time between the crime and Officer Dorsch’s identification of 

respondent weighs against respondent. Here respondent concedes “that it was likely a short 

period of time between when Dorsch saw the Jeep and identified [respondent] in the showup.” The record confirms that the entire incident lasted no more than six hours. However, as 

with the previous factor, the short timeframe between the initial viewing of the Jeep’s driver 

and respondent’s ultimate arrest does nothing to alleviate the issues with the viewing of the 

Jeep’s driver. Where we cannot reasonably accept that there was sufficient level of attention 

or opportunity to view the driver of the Jeep by Dorsch, it is of little consequence that the arrest 

took place only hours after the initial sighting. We note that our conclusion here is only 

bolstered by the fact that respondent had every reason to be in the vicinity of the arrest. As 

Dorsch testified, respondent’s house was located on the very block on which he was arrested. 

¶ 56 After an analysis of all the Biggers factors we conclude that Dorsch’s identification 

testimony is unreliable. The most significant Biggers factor, Dorsch’s opportunity to view, 

compounded by Dorsch’s lack of attention during the viewing, casts serious doubt on the 

identification here, which we deem insufficient to support respondent’s delinquency 

adjudication. See Slim, 127 Ill. 2d at 307. Compounding this unreliable identification is the 

fact that the record is devoid of any physical evidence connecting respondent to the offense. 

Accordingly, we find the trial court could not have reasonably accepted Dorsch’s testimony 

that respondent was the person he saw driving the Jeep and find the evidence, which rests 

exclusively on Dorsch’s eyewitness testimony, so unreasonable, improbable, and 

unsatisfactory that it justifies a reasonable doubt as to respondent’s guilt. See Wheeler, 226 Ill. 

2d at 115. 
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¶ 57 Our conclusion here makes it unnecessary for us to consider respondent’s alternative 

argument of error on appeal. See People v. Coulson, 13 Ill. 2d 290, 298 (1958) (declining to 

consider other alleged errors on appeal because the evidence of the only witness to the offense 

at issue was deemed too improbable and unconvincing to sustain the conviction).

¶ 58 CONCLUSION

¶ 59 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is reversed.

¶ 60 Reversed.