_____ 

OAR Box 1672 

Prepped by Charmelle Mathews 

Document Number: 

3) ll-A-2 

Docket Number: 

A-98-13 

Printed 9/30/2008 11:01:00 AM Sheet 3 of 132 
P.2 

r/EPA 

United States 

Environmental Protection 

Agency 

Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards 

Research Triangle Park NC 27711 

EPA-450/3-80-038a 

December 1980 

Air 

Bulk Gasoline Draft 

Terminals — EIS 

Background A-I8-13 

Information for X-A-Z 

Proposed Standards 

pry. - I. 7'T 

EPA AIR DOCKET 
P.3 

EPA-450/3-80-038a 

Bulk Gasoline Terminals -

Background Information 

for 

Proposed Standards 

Emission Standards and Engineering Division 

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 

December 1980 

_3-
P.4 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Title Page 

1.0 SUMMARY ...... . ...,.' ......... . 1-1 

1.1 Regulatory Alternatives. 1-1 

1.2 Environmental Impacts 1-2 

1.3 Economic impact 1-4 

2.0 INTRODUCTION .......... . 2-1 

2.1 Background and Authority for Standards 2-1 

2.2 Selection of Categories of Stationary Sources .. . 2-5 

2.3 Procedure for Development of Standards of 

Performance . 2-6 

2.4 Consideration of Costs ......... . 2-8 

2.5 Consideration of Environmental Impacts 2-9 

2.6 Impact on Existing Sources .. . 2-11 

2.7 Revision of Standards of Performance 2-11 

3.0 THE BULK GASOLINE TERMINAL INDUSTRY 3-1 

3.1 General .......... . 3-1 

3.1.1 Introduction 3-1 

3.1.2 Terminal Locations and Sizes 3-1 

3.2 Gasoline Loading Operations and Their Emissions . . 3-2 

3.2.1 Introduction ..... . . 3-2 

3.2.2 Gasoline Loading at Bulk Terminals 3-2 

3.2.3 Emissions from Loading Operations 3-11 

3.2.4 Gasohol. . . . 3-18 

3.3 Baseline Emissions 3-21 

3.3.1 Introduction 3-21 

' 3.3.2 Control Techniques Guidelines 3-21 

3.3.3 Calculation of Baseline Emission Level ..... . 3-22 

3.4 References . . 3-28 

4.0 EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES .. . 4-1 

4.1 Introduction 4-1 

4.2 Process Modifications 4-1 

v 

3 
P.5 

Title Page 

4.3 Control of Fugitive Emissions 4-2 

4.3.1 Tank Truck Leakage 4-2 

4.3.2 Vapor Collection System Leakage 4-3 

4.4 Typical Collection System 4-4 

4.5 Vapor Processing Systems .. . 4-5 

4.5.1 Description of Control Technologies 4-5 

4.5.2 Operation and Maintenance Practices 4-22 

4.6 Emissions Due to Gasohol Loading 4-23 

4.7 References 4-25 

5.0 MODIFICATION AND RECONSTRUCTION 5-1 

5.1 40 CFR Part 60 Provisions for Modification and 

Reconstruction . . 5-2 

5.1.1 Modification 5-2 

5.1.2 Reconstruction 5-3 

5.2 Applicability to Bulk Gasoline Terminals 5-3 

5.2.1 Modification 5-3 

5.2.2 Reconstruction 5-5 

5.3 References 5-7 

6.0 MODEL PLANT PARAMETERS AND REGULATORY ALTERNATIVES .. . 6-1 

6.1 Introduction 6-1 

6.2 Model Plant Parameters 6-1 

6.2.1 Definition of a Bulk Gasoline Terminal 6-1 

6.2.2 Designation of Affected Facility 6-2 

6.2.3 Data Base for Model Plant Parameters 6-7 

6.2.4 Model Plant Parameters for Bulk Gasoline 

Terminals 6-7 

6.2.5 Model Firm Parameters for For-Hire Tank 

Truck Companies 6-12 

6.3 Regulatory Alternatives 6-14 

6.3.1 Vapor Leakage from Tank Trucks 6-14 

6.3.2 Selection of Emission Limits 6-16 

6.3.3 Description of Regulatory Alternatives 6-16 

6.4 References 6-21 

y1

 H 
P.6 

Title Page 

7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .......... . 7-1 

7.1 Air Pollution Impacts 7-1 

7.1.1 Air Pollution Impact on Model Plants 7-1 

7.1.2 National Air Pollution Impacts . 7-4 

7.2 Water Pollution Impact 7-6 

7.3 Solid Waste Disposal Impact . . 7-7 

7.4 Energy Consumption Impact 7-7 

7.5 Other Environmental Impacts 7-11 

7.6 References 7-12 

8.0 ECONOMIC IMPACT ....... . . . 8-1 

8.1 Industry Characterization 8-1 

8.1.1 General Profile ... 8-1 

8.1.2 Trends 8-14 

8.1.3 Tank Truck Industry 8-22 

8.2 Cost Analysis of Regulatory Alternatives 8-28 

8.2.1 Introduction 8-28 

8.2.2 New Facilities 8-31 

8.2.3 Modified/Reconstructed Facilities 8-53 

8.2.4 Compliance Costs. . . , 8-63 

8.2.5 Tank Truck Industry Control Costs 8-66 

8.2.6 Nationwide Control Cost Summary 8-70 

8.3 Other Cost Considerations 8-73 

8.4 Economic Impact of Regulatory Alternatives 8-74 

8.4.1 Impacts on Bulk Gasoline Terminals. . 8-74 

8.4.2 Impacts on the Independent Tank Truck 

Industry. 8-103 

8.5_ Potential Socioeconomic^and Inflationary Impacts. . . 8-114 

8.5.1 Additional Control Costs »*> 8-115 

8.5.2 Excessive Additional Production Costs ...... . 8-116 

8.5.3 Net National Energy Consumption 8-116 

8.5.4 Demand for Scarce Materials 8-117 

8.5.5 Other Impacts 8-117 

8.6 References 8-118 

vii 5 
Title Page. 

APPENDIX A - EVOLUTION OF THE BACKGROUND 

INFORMATION DOCUMENT A-1 

A.1 Chronology .... . A-2 

APPENDIX B - INDEX TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CONSIDERATIONS . . B-l 

APPENDIX C - EMISSION SOURCE TEST DATA C-1 

C.l Summary of Test Activity C-2 

C.l.l General C-2 

C.l.2 EPA-Conducted Tests . . . . C-2 

C.1.3 Other Vapor Processor Tests C-2 

C.l.4 Tank Truck Leakage Tests C-7 

C.2 Test Results and Calculations .... . C-10 

C.2.1 Factors Affecting Test Results C-10 

C.2.2 System Leakage Calculations C-13 

C.3 Summaries of EPA-Conducted Tests C-14 

C.3.1 Bulk Terminal Test No. 1 C-14 

C.3.2 Bulk Terminal Test No. 2 ... . C-15 

C.3.3 Bulk terminal Test No. 3 . C-16 

C.3.4 Bulk Terminal Test No. 4 C-17 

C.3.5 Bulk Terminal Jest No. 5 C-18 

C.3.6 Bulk Terminal Test No. 6 C-19 

C.3.7 Bulk Terminal Test No. 7 C-19 

C.3.8 Bulk Terminal Test No. 8 C-20 

C.3.9 Bulk Terminal Test No. 9 C-21 

C.3.10 Bulk Terminal Test No. 10 C-21 

C.3.11 Bulk Terminal Test No. 11 C-22 

C.3.12 Bulk Terminal Test No. 12 C-23 

C.3.13 Bulk Terminal Test No. 13 . . C-24 

C.3.14 Bulk Terminal Test No. 14 C-25 

C.3.15 Bulk Terminal Test No. 15 . . C-26 

C.3.16 Bulk Terminal Test No. 16 C-27 

C.3.17 Bulk Terminal Test No. 17 C-27 

C.3.18 Bulk Terminal Test No. 18 C-28 

C.3.19 Bulk Terminal Test No. 19 C-28 

vi n 6 
P.8 

Title Page 

C.3.20 Bulk Terminal Test No. 20 . C-29 

C.3.21 Bulk Terminal Test No. 21 C-30 

C.3.22 Bulk Terminal Test No. 22 ..... . C-31 

C.4 References . C-32 

APPENDIX D - EMISSION MEASUREMENT AND CONTINUOUS MONITORING . D-l 

D.l Gasoline Tank Trucks D-2 

D.l.l Performance Test Method . D-2 

D.l.2 Emission Testing and.Measurement Methods D-4 

D.l.3 Monitoring Systems and Devices D-6 

D.2 Vapor Collection and Processing Equipment D-7 

D.2.1 Performance Test Method D-7 

D.2.2 Emission Testing and Measurement Methods D-9 

D.2.3 Monitoring Systems and Devices .... . D-10 

D.3 Vapor Processor Exhaust Outlet . D-ll 

D.3.1 Performance Test Method D-ll 

D.3.2 Emission Testing and Measurement Methods .... . D-18 

D.3.3 Monitoring Systems and Devices D-18 

D.4 References D-22 

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