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Ashland NFWCO
 Midwest Region
 Dedicated To The Tribal Aquaculture Program September 2000 - Volume 33
 **Administrative        Coordinator:**        **Frank G. Stone        (715-682-6185) Ext.12        U.S. Fish and        Wildlife Service****Email:        [email protected]**      **Edited        By:**        **Elizabeth W. Greiff        (715-349-2195)        St. Croix Tribal        Nat. Res. Depart.****Email:****[email protected]**TopicsOf Interest:Award Presented To BethGreiffTwo Hatchery Trucks Find ANew HomeSystem Monitors for Fish HatcheriesSodium BicarbonateAward Presented ToBeth GreiffThe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Ashland FRO)recently awarded Beth Greiff of the St. Croix Indian Reservation with aCertificate of Appreciation. The certificate stated:The Fish and Wildlife Service would like to acknowledge the  contributions by Elizabeth Greiff for the assistance she has provided for the  Midwest Tribal Aquaculture Network (MTAN). For the past seven years Ms. Greiff  has served as the editor of the MTAN and has made significant contributions of  her time and energy. Her devotion to continuing the sharing of information  through the MTAN, for the benefit of educating Tribal hatchery programs, is  sincerely appreciated. The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedicated to  continuing fish hatchery technical assistance to Tribal resource programs.  It's especially gratifying to know we have Tribal cooperators like Ms. Greiff  who are also willing to assist us with this effort.Two Fish Distribution Trucks Find New HomesThankstothe help of the Tishomingo and Winthrop National Fish Hatcheries, two fish truckswere recently made available for transfer to tribal fish hatchery programs. Frank Stone (Ashland FRO) arranged for the transfer of these twovehicles.Fish truck for the St Croix Reservation.      Fish truck for the Bad River Reservation.The Tishomingo truck was a 1983 Chevy 1-Ton (4*4) and will bereassigned to the St Croix Indian Reservation. The truck is equipped with aPeterson 250 gallon fiberglass hauling tank (two compartments) plus anoxygenation life support system. Both the truck and tank are in fine workingorder and will provide many years of use.      The Bad River truck truck was a 1972 International (1-ton)        with only 60,000 miles.  It has an aluminum tank (600 gallon) and        the entire unit is in good working order.The St Croix and Bad River Reservations paid the travel expensesfor Frank to drive the two vehicles back to northern Wisconsin (1,150 miles fromTishomingo, Oklahoma and 1,700 miles from Seattle, Washington). This kind ofcooperation between resource managers has several benefits. The Tribes will usethese vehicles to help transport hatchery fish to various stocking sites and bymaking surplus equipment transfers like this possible, we not only prolong theintended use for the equipment but also help free up tribal funds to be used inother natural resource areas.Thanks to the help of numerous US Fish and Wildlife Servicefield offices, over the past ten years the Ashland FRO has arranged for thetransfer of several hundred thousand dollars worth of fish distribution trucks,vehicles, fish hatchery equipment, generators and computers to Tribal resourceprograms. The Ashland FRO is committed to continuing in this endeavor andsincerely appreciate the help they have received to assist tribal resourceprograms.System Monitors forFish HatcheriesJust how secure are your electrical and water pumping systems?Remember Mtan Law #1;  If something can go wrong it will.  Then just whenyou think you have everything under control, Mtan Law #2 comes into play; If something can go wrong it will and at the worst possibletime.Has your hatchery program already experienced a fish loss due toa pump failure or power outage? If a monitoring system/alarm had been installedcould this loss have been prevented or the level of the loss reduced? When youlook at the long term investment of your hatchery program and then evaluate thepossible risk, you may appreciate that monitoring systems are truly a goodinvestment to ensure the health of your fish and continued success of your fishhatchery program.  The MTAN has collected information from Aquatic Ecosystemsand Keeton Industries that shows just some of themonitoring devices that are now available for fish hatchery programs. Dependingon your specific needs, some systems will cost as little as a few hundreddollars.In any fish hatchery environment you can be surethat the electrical power and pumping systems will fail.  It's really onlya matter of time.  The question is..... will you be ready for it?AquaWeb ll - Networking and Remote Monitoring Software DataAquaWeb 11 for Windows (95/98/2000/NT) represents the mostadvanced networking, remote monitoring, and data analysis software toolsavailable on the market today allowing you to add different monitors anddevices. The Explorer has the ability to control and group similar monitorstogether in a logical fashion. The unit supports the AquaNode, AquaGuard, andOctopus monitoring systems, as well as the Alarm Monitoring System (AMS) andRelay Control System (RCS) products. Additional third party devices can be addedusing the AquaWeb 11 SDK.The software also provides advanced Internet communicationcapabilities. This is a low cost method of transferring data to and from remoteinstrumentation using standard protocols such as E-mail and other advancedinternet protocols. AquaWeb 11 supports three communication methods: direct,modem, or TCP/IP. Each of these connections is hosted on the local computer.AquaWeb 11 Server provides the additional capabilities of automatic real-timedata acquisition. The features of the AquaWeb 11 system include: drag and dropability, network configuration assistant, support to AMS and RCS subsystems,multiple node selection and graphing options, real-time data collection(requires AquaWeb 11 Server), enhanced scheduler, customized graphing optionsper device, simultaneous display of multiple devices, and enhanced security.AquaNodeUsing its multi-probe monitoring functions, the AquaNode willmeasure, log and report water quality 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It iscapable of measuring D.O., pH, temperature and conductivity. The AquaNodeprovides a very inexpensivealternative to manual water quality monitoring. Compatible withAquaWeb 11 software, the unit is capable of providing both realtime data anddatalogging functions. Through monitoring and graphing you can identify waterquality trends and implement corrective measures sooner and provide a morestable, stress-free environment for your fish.Networking/CommunicationsThe AquaNode is the most advanced monitoring system incommunications. Each unit can be networked via RS 485 to create a local areanetwork (LAN). This provides you with the ability to monitor your water qualityin several tanks, ponds or raceways from a single or multiple PC's. TCP/IPnetworking is also available with the Ethergadget, providing advanced internetcommunication capabilities.Alarms You of ProblemsTwo internal digital inputs provide the ability to monitoropen/closed contact switches like liquid-level switches, pressure switches orpaddlewheel RPM rates. In addition, the optional AMS board provides 7 digitalinputs for alarming. The pager alarm software alerts you of any alarm conditionsvia pager, e-mail, or fax. With the addition of an RCS board, the unit can eventurn equipment on/off to fix the alarm condition.AquaNode 200 or 500The AquaNode 2OO monitors and controls D.O. and temperatureonly. Units include both temperature and oxygen probes. Select either a YSI MEAoxygen probe or an Oxyguard oxygen probe. The AquaNode 5OO can monitor andcontrol dissolved oxygen, pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), temperatureand conductivity. Units support either a YSI MEA D.O. probe or an Oxyguard D.O.probe.AquaNode Xl 200 or 500                                            The AquaNode XL series base                                    units are packaged in NEMA waterproof                                    enclosures and utilize probes that feature                                    water tight twist lock connectors. These                                    systems are ideal for indoor and outdoor                                    applications where moisture can damage the                                    units. The optional modem is built                                    internally into the unit. The AquaNode XL                                    series includes all of the same features                                    found in the standard AquaNode systems.    Controls Your System for YouAll AquaNode base units include two internal relays to controlany type of equipment, including chillers, heaters, valves, motors, pumps.Optional RCS boards provide you with reliable hardwire relays capable ofswitching up to 15 amps each. Also, by adding X-10 control module and relaysatellites, the AquaNode can provide wireless control of non-critical systems,such as lighting.All AquaNode monitoring systems include: temperature probe w/10'cable, 30-day datalogging, networking RS 485, local audible alarm, TCP/IP(requires Ethergadget), four-channel timer, pager alarm software, dual-intervaltimer, two digital Inputs, AC adapter 115V, two 24V relay outputs and demoversion of AquaWeb.Alarm Management System (AMS)The AMS is designed for use with the AquaNode, but may also beused with other units. Specific features include the following. Seven digitalalarm inputs can be configured to generate an alarm condition on either an openor closed contact condition. Hold-off times for each alarm can be set from 0 to255 seconds. Screen alarm status monitors. A backlit two-line display has apushbutton interface. Programming can be set via front keypad, serialconnection, the RS485 network or through AquaWeb. One dry contact alarm outputprovides interface to an external system and stand-alone or network support foralarm paging. Each alarm condition can trigger a relay output on an RCS boardwhen used in an AquaNode network. The system is powered by 9VDC batteries or theRCS board.Oscar System MonitorsOscar fish systems monitor the environmental and operatingconditions of the hatchery, grow-out facility or essential equipment to helpavoid catastrophic loss or damage. These systems alert you via one or acombination of the following pre-programmed ways: telephone, fax numeric,alpha-numeric pager, e-mail, and computer until the message is received. Two-wayaction allows you to call in and receive a complete report on all the conditionsmonitored. Up to eight conditions or inputs are monitored: time, temperature,humidity, power status, sound level, alert conditions, water incursion, smoke,windows, doors and more. Keyboard entry is provided as well as battery back-upfor operation during power failures.Oscar 1104-Desktop Monitoring SystemAutomatically contacts you by phone at up to four differentphone numbers, to alert you of unsafe conditions from four user selectableinputs. The system communicates in voice-synthesized English, and even lets you"listen-in" to actual on-site sounds. This unit monitors temperature,humidity, electricity, water incursion, smoke, sound, windows and doors, andmore.Oscar 1108-Desktop Monitoring SystemFeatures all the same monitoring capabilities as the OSCAR 1104plus: offers dial-out for up to eight (8) phone numbers from eight userselectable inputs. These units will continue calling out all the numbersprogramed until one is acknowledged. They intelligently detect ringing or busysignals. These units will also dial out to beepers and pagers.Oscar ISA-Data Logging MonitorIf you can't be there, the OSCAR ISA takes corrective actionautomatically. This system can turn your equipment on or off; it can controlheating and cooling and set temperature and control valves. With its extensiveprograming capabilities, and digital and analog inputs and outputs, you achievethe flexibility of a custom system without the high cost. This unit may be themost versatile and complete way available today to protect your equipment, yourprocesses, and your entire facility. The system's data logging function allowsyou to log activity such as trends, usage, and other factors. A total of 512events can be stored internally and retrieved by modem via a local RS232 port.Free Manager Software is included which works with all versions of MicrosoftWindows.Oscar 2000 -Remote Monitoring SystemThis is the critical tool to keep you informed about yourequipment 24 hours a day. This unit can monitor and report on up to eightremote, analog or digital inputs. It can send those reports to as many as 32locations in any combination of phone, fax, numeric, alphanumeric pager, e-mail,and computer. The information is collected into easily read reports anddelivered wherever you want it. All it takes is a phone call to receive a voicestatus report or a data connection for more detailed information.Oscar 4100-Industrial Monitoring SystemThis unit monitors systems and areas requiring controlledconditions. It features a locking cabinet, built-in backup battery, non-volatilememory, 25' sensor cables, and advanced programing flexibility. The systemdetects power failures, temperature extremes, humidity, water incursion, soundssuch as smoke and burglar alarms, and other conditions of your choice. This unitcontacts you by phone, at up to four (4) different phone numbers to advise ofunsafe conditions. The system communicates with voice synthesized English, andlets you "listen-in" to actual on site sounds.PT4-Multichannel Monitoring SystemThe PT4 is a multichannel monitoring system with data logging,PC connectivity and control capabilities. It can be used in any applicationrequiring the monitoring of dissolved oxygen, as well as temperature, pH and anysensor providing a 4-20 mAoutput. The system can display up to eight digital inputssimultaneously. This unit comprises a multiple display monitor and a junctionbox to which the various sensors are connected and is suitable for outdoor use.The features include:Panel lights and audible alarm alerts the operator. Operator    sets high and low limits for each channel as well as a common alarm. One    alarm light per channel and common alarm with built in buzzer notifies the    operator of out-of-range conditions.    Configure the system to suit your needs. Up to eight    measurements and digital inputs can be simultaneously monitored and    displayed.    Values can be read easily at a glance. All measurements are    clearly displayed on a large LCD in bold 9 mm characters.    Connect the sensors you need. Channels will accept direct    inputs for other measurements such as pH or salinity.    Oxygen probes can be automatically calibrated. The oxygen    probes can be calibrated with a few simple key strokes.    The PT4 has a logging and PC connectivity option. Data can    be stored with a built-in logger and downloaded to a PC or captured and    viewed directly with a PC.    A relay output option is available. The unit can be set to    monitor solenoid valves, blowers or activate external alarms.OxyGuard ProbesIf you are building a computerized monitoring system, you'llwant an oxygen probe. The OxyGuard system is low maintenance, requires simplewiring, and is computer compatible. DO14 is a 2-wire, self-polarizing galvanicprobe with built-in temperature compensation. It requires no external powersource and produces a millivolt output signal directly proportional to theoxygen present (O to 50 mg/1). The OxyGuard 420 (D016) is also a 2-wire probe.This unit requires a l5 to 35 VDC power source. This probe is galvanicallyisolated, allowing for accurate monitoring alongside other probes in the sametank. Both probes may be coupled to a data logger or PC. The PC must have dataacquisition capability. Both probes feature 2-wire connections with a standardcable length of 10'. Longer lengths are available or you may use your own.Oxygen MonitorThis is an eight channel monitoring, controlling and datalogging system used primarily for the measurement and control of dissolvedoxygen using the OxyGuard probes. The unit is also designed to accept inputsfrom any sensor or probe, such as temperature, pH or salinity. Its cleanuncluttered modular design enables the user to configure the system for specificapplications, such as fish hauling tanks and tank monitoring.AquaGuard Monitoring SystemsThe AquaGuard is a water quality monitoring and control systemthat is specifically designed for fish keeping applications. Driven by anIntel-based microprocessor, it offers most of the capabilities of the AquaNodeplus it features up to 16 internal relays and up to 7 isolated inputs. Theseadditional features make the AquaGuard a powerful stand-alone monitoring andcontrol system. The AquaGuard features computerized continuous multi-probemonitoring that measures, analyzes, controls and reports on critical waterquality parameters. The system is capable of measuring temperature, pH, ORP,dissolved oxygen and conductivity/salinity. Data is then displayed via LCDdisplay or can be viewed on a PC using optional AquaWeb software. A built-inalarm notification system utilizes an optional internal modem for digital pagingcapabilities.Computer control of the aquatic environment can be critical inhigh density stocking applications, while reducing operating costs. By simplyprograming set-point parameters, the system will activate up to l6 relays. Theserelays operate under software control to manage your pumps, aerators, solenoidvalves, chillers/heaters, or chemical dosing systems. The unit also features upto 7 isolated inputs for open/closed contact switches like level switches,pressure switches and back-up power detection devices.The AquaGuard base controllers come packaged in Nema 4X waterresistant enclosures and are available in two models. Both models include atemperature probe, digital control module, and internal datalogging. The unitmeasures 6"x8"x4.5". It is compatible with AquaWeb software anduses RS485 to connect up to 16 AquaGuards in a Local Area Network (LAN.) TheAquaGuard 500 can operate four probes (plus the temperature probe included), has16 relay outputs for control and has 7 isolated inputs for switch closures.Octopus 3000Similar to AquaNode but without D.O. and networkingcapabilities, this water quality monitor is ideal for small recirculatingsystems, aquariums, hatcheries, and hydroponic systems. It can providecontinuous monitoring of pH, temperature, ORP, and conductivity. By adding X-10control interface and optional control satellites, the Octopus can also providecontrol for ozone generators, heaters/chillers, and chemical dosing pumps. Itwill warn you of unexpected changes in your water quality by a built-in audiblealarm or by your pager.AquaWeb provides continuous monitoring and 7-day data loggingwith multi parameter graphing, all available through your modem or connectedpersonal computer. The Octopus includes 16-Channel Lighting Control which actsas a timer for lighting systems, and feeding devices. A temperature probe with10' cable is included.Telephone Alarm SystemCosts a lot less than a 24-hour watchman (and is probably morereliable). This low cost alarm will pay for itself quickly by preventingdisasters. These auto dialers have multiple inputs for user-connected sensors.There is also a built-in microphone for monitoring sound, so you can call at anytime and listen in from a remote location. The system even calls you when thereis a problem. It uses a regular phone line, so a separate dedicated line is notneeded. These auto dialers are compatible with all answering machines. They willrecognize and by-pass answering machines and continue dialing until they contacta person, or they will shut down if a person has not responded by the 16thattempt. Four phone numbers and four dial attempts on rotation can be programmedto make up to 255 attempts. Important features include: continues dialingnumbers in sequence for 16-255 attempts, most sensors can be mounted up to 150feet away with 18-22 gauge wire, can dial out to beepers and pagers, back-upbattery condition monitor, built-in clock, temperature sensing in F and C,programmable security code access, variable AC power failure alarm, compatiblewith cellular telephones providing they are equipped with an RJ11 telephonejack.Auto Dialer Alarm AccessoriesSensaphone ExpressThe Sensaphone Express monitors temperature and AC power and hasfour dry contact inputs for additional sensors. It can be programmed to dial upto eight phone numbers if an alarm condition occurs, with a pre-recorded messagein your own voice. Built-in relay output can switch up to two amps, and can beautomatically controlled when an alarm occurs, or changed via any touch-tonetelephone. Express includes a microphone for voice recording, an integratedkeypad for easy, local programming, and a temperature sensor with a range of-60F to l75F. Remote control and remote recording are also offered viatouch-tone telephone. The unit also incorporates a four-digit user programmedsecurity code feature to prevent unauthorized tampering.Sensaphone Express 11The robust Sensaphone Express 11 offers the most comprehensivepackage of standard monitoring and control features available, plus powerfulexpansion options that let you customize your system as your needs grow. Express11 may be the ultimate monitoring system on the market today. The unit is asflexible as your application requires, with features like built-in soundmonitoring, universally-configurable alarm inputs, and a built-in relay outputfor manual or automatic switching, expandable (for input or output) viaadditional I/0 slots. The unit offers a wider range of temperature sensing (-85Fto 300F) than any other Sensaphone product, up to 48 user-programmable dialoutnumbers plus logging and sophisticated touch-tone programming capability.Digital speech recording allows the user to record custom ID and input messages.This unit comes equipped with a 6 to 12 hour Gel Cell rechargeable batterybackup, and is housed in a NEMA-4X fiberglass closure. The unit can also beupgraded to 16, 24, 32, or 40 channels.A2B Water Detection SensorSet this unit on the floor or laboratory to alert if floodingoccurs. Small sensors on bottom of unit will send a signal if water iscontacted. For best results, place the unit on a paper towel so the water willbe transported immediately to sensors when present.A2C Magnetic Reed SwitchInstall on doors or windows. The switches will cause dial-outwhen contact is opened.AT5 Remote Temperature ProbeThe AT5 measures water or air temperature up to 50 feet from theunit. It triggers a dial-out when temperature passes user-programmed high andlow limits.A3 Remote Temperature SensorThe A3 monitors room temperature. Simply attach to a wall andrun a wire (not included) to a terminal. It will trigger a dial-out if thetemperature passes high or low set limits. It can also be used underwater ifwire connections are thoroughly sealed. The A3 can be used with up to 150' ofcable.A2D Output ControllerThe A2D signals local audio or light alarm (when used with A2Aunit).A3C HumidistatThe A3C will detect changes in humidity within a room.A3B Passive Infrared Motion DetectorThe A3B can detect movement within a facility to determineunauthorized entry.Liquid Level SwitchesYou'll find many applications for these low cost switches.Select normally open or normally closed circuitry by inverting the float on itsstem. The switches have polypropylene construction. The mini-switch is2.25" long overall, 1" in diameter with 1/8" NPT mounting. Thelarger switch is 3.25", overall x 1.5" in diameter with .25" NPT.These are great pump switches when used with relays.Power Failure/ Temp Phone DialerThis alarm system continuously monitors both power status andtemperature. Upon an alarm condition, the system will automatically dial up tothree phone numbers giving a voice alarm message. You can select 15-minute or2-hour call out intervals. You can also call into the unit from any touch tonephone to disable the alarm or receive reports on temperature and power lossconditions. The temperature probe has a 3' cable and has an adjustable alarmrange, 7' phone cord and battery backup.Flow SwitchHere is an excellent value flow sensing switch that can turn onor off a heater, chiller, alarm or pump (up to two horse power). It is factoryadjusted to close the circuit at 14 gpm and open it at 6 gpm but it is alsofield adjustable over a wider range. A "flapper" moves with water flowactuating a magnetic switch on the outside of the pipe. Water cannot reach theelectrical section. The unit operates by sensing water flow only (unaffected bypressure).Water Level SwitchThousands of these inexpensive water alarm switches have beenput in aquaculture service! They mount inside your tank for an accurate,easy-to-clean, wave resistant level switch. Small pumps and alarms may beoperated directly off the internal mercury switch. The ST8 model is normallyopen at low water and closes the circuit when the water rises. The ST7 closescontacts when the water drops.Siren/Strobe LightThis 12V siren/strobe light is designed to hook up to your alarmsystem. When the alarm is tripped, a 115 dB siren sounds and a red strobe lightflashes. It lets you know you have a problem while you are in or around thebuilding.Sodium Bicarbonate An Alternative Anesthetic forBrook TroutBy: Jennifer Meyers and Rick Erickson, Bayfield High School Chemistry Department,Bayfield, WI 54814 and Gregory J. Fischer,Red Cliff Tribal Fish Hatchery, Bayfield, WI 54814Abstract: The chemical MS-222 (tricainemethylsulfonate) is commonly used to anesthetize trout in field fisheries workand in hatcheries. However, fish cannot be consumed within 21days after beingsubjected to treatment due to chemical residue in fish tissue. Sodiumbicarbonate (baking soda) is considered safe and has been shown to anesthetizefish to various levels of anesthesia depending on the amounts used. We describea technique used to determine the optimum amount of sodium bicarbonate toanesthetize 152 to 203 mm Lake Nipigon strain brook trout to level - fouranesthesia stage. A carbon dioxide concentration of 260 mg/l was the optimumconcentration to anesthetize our brook trout to the required stage. Thisconcentration of carbon dioxide was achieved by adding 45 grams of sodiumbicarbonate to one liter of well water. We also determined that temperature didnot significantly affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in our water.Currently, the chemical MS-222 (trade name: Finquel) is used toanesthetize trout in the field and at hatcheries. Finquel is very effective,however fish cannot be consumed within 21 days after being subjected totreatment (Schnick et al, 1985). As a result, Finquel cannot be used onharvestable sized fish immediately prior to or during fishing season, when manyfield and hatchery projects require anesthetizing fish. To enable projectsinvolving anesthetizing of fish to be done regardless of time or season, analternative method for anesthetizing fish is essential. Several early studieshave addressed the use of high concentrations of carbon dioxide to anesthetizefish (Fish, 1943; Eddy et al., 1969). However, carbon dioxide gas in water alonedoes not anesthetize fish to the level required to carry out surgical methods(Prince et. al., 1995). More recently, studies utilizing sodium bicarbonate asan anesthetic have been documented (Bell, 1987; Booke et al., 1978; Prince etal.,1995). Sodium bicarbonate alone or in conjunction with an acid appears toprovide the necessary anesthetizing levels for most handling and surgicalmethods. Additionally, treated fish do not accumulate any hazardous residues andthus are safe to eat immediately after release. As a result of the Red CliffTribal Fish Hatchery's need for an alternate method to anesthetize brook troutfor tagging purposes and research studies, the Bayfield High School and the fishhatchery cooperated on a science fair project to address this question.MethodsHatchery reared Lake Nipigon strain brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis) with 152 to 203 mm total length were used for this experiment.Measured amounts of sodium bicarbonate were added to 20 liters of 7.0 - 7.5degree Celsius well water and stirred until dissolved. Carbon dioxide levelswere measured with a Hach kit. For each trial, five brook trout were placed intocontainers with a sodium bicarbonate and well water mix at various carbondioxide concentrations beginning at 100 mg/L (Table 1.). For each trial, carbondioxide concentrations were increased by 25 mg/L with the addition of sodiumbicarbonate to consistently reach the desired state of anesthetization in thebrook trout in under five minutes (Table 1.). The desired state ofanesthetization was considered level four anesthesia - total loss of swimmingmotion, weak opercular motion, acceptable for surgical procedures (Prince et.al., 1995). Brook trout were observed and timed to reach level four anesthesia(Table 1.). Once level four anesthesia was reached, additional testing was doneat the optimum recorded concentration and one step lower for verificationpurposes (Table 2.). An additional parameter of full recovery within fifteenminutes of exposure to fresh water was added by hatchery staff for all trials.Water pH ranged between 8.0 and 8.5. Water temperature and pH levels wererecorded using hatchery meters for each trial. Another phase of this experimentwas to test the effect of water temperature on the amount of carbon dioxideproduced. Water samples were prepared at different temperatures ranging from 0to 25 degrees Celsius in increments of 5 degrees Celsius (Table 3.). Sodiumbicarbonate was added into the various containers at different temperatures andcarbon dioxide concentrations were tested using a Hach kit (Table 3.). Watertemperature and pH levels were recorded using hatchery meters for each trial.Results and DiscussionIt was determined that the optimum carbon dioxide concentrationneeded to anesthetize Lake Nipigon strain brook trout to level four in the RedCliff Fish Hatchery was 260 mg/L (Table 1.). This carbon dioxide concentrationwas achieved in our experiment by adding 900 grams of sodium bicarbonate per 20liters of water or 45 g/L of water. To verify this optimum concentration, thetests were repeated five times at the optimum concentration and at theconcentration immediately preceding it (Table 2.). This concentration of carbondioxide was sufficient to achieve a level that would enable handling, tagging,and surgical procedures without adding undo stress to brook trout of the sizerange tested. This result, 260 mg/L, is lower than carbon dioxide levels thatwere suggested by Booke et. al. (1978) for brook trout. Booke et al. , (1978)recommended study levels of carbon dioxide were between 442 - 642 mg/L at pH6.5. The carbon dioxide levels achieved by Prince et al., (1995) using sodiumbicarbonate and glacial acetic acid were between 195-328 mg/L in pH 6.9-7.6.Prince et. al. (1995) results support our findings that the 260 mg/L carbondioxide at pH 8.0-8.5 would sufficiently anesthetize brook trout to level four.It appears that the addition of glacial acetic acid increases the amount ofcarbon dioxide produced by the sodium bicarbonate, thus reducing the amount ofsodium bicarbonate needed. We did not want to add any acid to our experiment dueto the fact that we are planning on studying the effects of water pH on thisreaction and the addition of acid could alone change the pH. Another phase ofthis experiment was to test the effect of water temperature on the carbondioxide concentrations. There appeared to be no significant effect oftemperature on the amount of carbon dioxide produced (Table 3.). This was thecase with our water and its specific parameters. As indicated by Prince et. al.(1995) and Booke et. al.(1978), temperature and pH levels may have effects ondifferent species of fish and how the carbon dioxide levels affect them. Waterparameters are different for each study and would probably be different forfield use so it is imperative to test these techniques in your specific waterbefore treating a large number of fish.Table 1. Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) onNipigon Lake strain brook trout anesthetization.Trial    1    2    3    4    5    6g NaHCO3    400    450    600    700    800    900# fish in sample    5    5    5    5    5    5# fish anesthetized    0    1    4    4    5    5H2O Temp in Celsius    7.2    7.2    7.2    7.2    7.2    7.2pH of H2O    8.4    8.4    8.4    8.4    8.4    8.4CO2 level mg/L    100    125    150    170    225    260Time needed to anesthetize (Min)    NA    4.5    4.5    5    5    3Table 2. Verification of optimum sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)levelTrial    1    2    3        4    5    6    7    8    9    10g NaHCO3/20 L H2O    800    800    800        800    800    900    900    900    900    900# fish in sample    5    5    5        5    5    5    5    5    5    5# of fish anesthetized    4    5    4        5    5    4    5    5    5    5H2O temp in Celsius    7    7.3    7        7    7    7.5    7    7    7    7pH of H2O    8.4    8.4    8.1        8.1    8.1    8.5    8.3    8.3    8    8.1CO2 level (mg/L)    225    225    225        225    225    260    260    260    260    260Time to anesthetize (min)    5    4.5    5.3        5    5    3    2.5    3    3.5    3Table 3. Temperature effects on Carbon Dioxide (CO2)vs. Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3).<<<<    Trial 1    >>>>    <<<<    Trial 2    >>>>    <<<<    Trial 3    >>>>Temp    NaHCO3    NaOH    CO2 Level    NaHCO3    NaOH    CO2 Level    NaHCO3    NaOH    CO2 LevelFahrenheit    g/L H2O    Drops    mg/L    g/L H2O    Drops    mg/L    g/L H2O    Drops    mg/L32    45    53    265    45    54    270    45    52    26041    45    52    260    45    51    255    45    53    26550    45    51    255    45    50    250    45    52    26059    45    52    260    45    52    260    45    57    28568    45    53    265    45    53    265    45    53    26577    45    53    265    45    52    260    45    52    260Product and company        names mentioned in this publication are for informational purposes only.        It does not imply endorsement by the MTAN or the U.S. Government.**Returnto MTAN selection page****Return toAshland NFWCO home page****Return to Region 3 U.S. Fish andWildlife Service**
 
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