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USAID/Egypt 

Operational Plan 

FY 2006 

June 12, 2006 
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Please Note: 

The attached RESULTS INFORMATION is from the FY 2006 Operational Plan and was assembled 

and analyzed by the country or USAID operating unit identified on the cover page. 

The Operational Plan is a "pre-decisional" USAID document and does not reflect results stemming 

from formal USAID review(s) of this document. 

Related document information can be obtained from: 

USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse 

8403 Colesville Road, Suite 210 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Telephone: (301) 562-0641 

Fax: (301) 588-7787 

Email: docorder@dec.cdie.org 

Internet: http://www.dec.org 

Portions released on or after July 1, 2006 
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Program Performance Summary FY 2005: Egypt, a strong moderating force in the Middle East, has 

long been an important U.S. ally. Egypt and the United States share strategic interests that include 

achieving stability and peace in the region. This continuing bilateral relationship serves the national 

security interests of both countries. A key U.S. goal is for Egypt to become a fully-integrated and 

competitive participant in the global economy. Thus, prosperity is promoted in Egypt by assisting the 

country's ongoing, but incomplete, transition from an economy controlled by the state to a free market. 

The greatest threat to domestic stability results from popular frustration with recent economic 

performance and a persistent lack of economic opportunity. About 40% of Egypt’s 71.8 million citizens 

live below the poverty line, despite a per capita gross domestic product of about U.S. $1,100. 

Unemployment is an acute problem. Official numbers show a steady rise in unemployment from a low of 

7.9% in 1999/2000 to 10% in 2005. Most independent estimates put the rate within the range of 15-25%. 

Moreover, unemployment among recent graduates is generally considered to be even higher, at almost 

40% for men and 50% for women. 

Order has returned to the foreign exchange market as the Central Bank of Egypt took steps to ensure the 

availability of hard currency. This task was made easier by Egypt's vastly improved external position as 

tourism boomed, exports strengthened with the depreciation of the Egyptian pound and strong oil prices, 

and import demand remained extremely sluggish. In late December, the Egyptian pound finally registered 

its first gain on the official market in five years. 

The economically liberal cabinet, appointed in mid-2004, has embarked on reform with vigor. Key 

measures have included lowering customs duties and simplifying customs procedures as well as 

implementing sharp reductions in personal and corporate income taxes. These reforms are expected to 

stimulate the economy by raising disposable income for consumption and investment. Egypt's 

implementation of the Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ) program with the United States and Israel indicates 

the Government of Egypt's (GOE) increasing pragmatism and determination to encourage trade and 

investment. 

Challenges: Major tasks facing the GOE include restoring business confidence to stimulate rapid, privatesector-led economic growth; improving the business environment to attract new investment and create 

jobs; arresting the deterioration of public finances; and better targeting of subsidies and social 

expenditures to ensure that Egypt’s most needy people are assisted without overwhelming the budget. 

Financial sector reform, privatization, and measures to address the banking sector's large non-performing 

loan burden are major issues of debate. 

U.S. Interests and Goals: The United States seeks a strong bilateral relationship with Egypt to form an 

effective partnership to meet foreign policy objectives and address regional priorities. The Egypt program 

is a strategic program that aims to combat terrorism; achieve regional stability, advance regional peace; 

ensure domestic and regional security; and promote economic development. USAID's programs in Egypt 

also address the following strategic priorities of the Asia-Near East (ANE) Bureau: USAID invests in 

education, skills development, small and micro enterprise, and trade and investment to create jobs for the 

21st century. USAID also increased the participation of rural inhabitants in decentralized water 

management and is maintaining water conveyance infrastructure to improve irrigation water usage and 

availability. These efforts and the extensive water and wastewater projects address the ANE initiative of 

launching a Blue Revolution. The participant training program works towards training future leaders in 

Egypt. USAID’s administration of justice program seeks to improve justice systems and strengthen the 

rule of law. In addition, efforts to support democratic local government and to decentralize political, 

administrative, and fiscal systems are new initiatives that address the ANE priority of making national 

governments work. 

Gender: USAID addresses gender issues and gaps in all sectors. It aims to increase women's and girls' 

access to education and competitive jobs, improve their health, and increase their participation in 

decision-making processes. A total of 150,284 girls and women received education and training through 

USAID-funded programs. USAID provided 4,024 scholarships to primary, preparatory, and secondary 

school girls in 2005. The small and micro enterprise project provided credit to women, primarily heads of 
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households in Egypt’s most economically disadvantaged areas. The health program improved maternal 

and child health on the national level, with a special focus on urban slum areas. A new activity aims to 

strengthen the family justice system to mediate family disputes. 

 

Key achievements: Overall, the USAID program in Egypt met its targets in 2005. The GOE is now more 

determined to undertake policy reform and address difficult social and economic challenges. 

1. Environment for Trade and Investment: USAID's assistance for strengthening the environment for 

trade and investment is organized around the objectives of modernizing the financial sector; facilitating 

trade and investment policies and procedures, and; increasing the competitiveness of natural resourcebased industries. In March 2005, negotiations with the GOE culminated in the signing of a multi-year 

Financial Sector Reform Memorandum of Understanding concerning reforms to be implemented with 

assistance from the Development Support Program II. During FY 2005, USAID provided technical 

assistance and training to the Egyptian Customs Authority (ECA) to streamline procedures and the ECA’s 

organizational structure. Egypt established the Model Customs Center in Alexandria - a single window for 

processing trade documents - which reduced the time for obtaining approvals from 26 days to five days. 

During the past year, USAID assisted the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) in establishing the Monetary, 

Foreign Exchange and Non Performing Loans units by financing a number of private sector practitioners 

with extensive international experience. These experts formed a professional cadre at the CBE and 

started the implementation of reform in the banking and monetary policy areas. USAID's Microfinance 

Development Program, which has been serving Egypt's small and micro entrepreneurs since 1991, 

reached its one millionth borrower at the end of FY 2005. USAID-supported microfinance institutions 

continued to increase outreach capacity, issuing more than 805,000 loans valued at over LE 1.1 billion 

(about US$191 million) nationwide in the course of the year. Women have consistently constituted more 

than 65% of all borrowers, and most of these women were heads of households in Egypt’s most 

economically disadvantaged areas. 

2. Increased Access to Sustainable Utilities: USAID’s infrastructure program provides assistance to the 

telecommunications, power, and water/wastewater sectors. The work on the Abu Qir power generation 

plant has been completed, with the warranty period set to expire in March 2006. The construction of three 

electrical high voltage substations is complete. These substations reduce the high voltage from the 

central transmission grid so that it can be distributed and used on a local basis. Each of these substations 

will provide electrical power to about 250,000 people. In the past 26 years, USAID has financed 35% of 

Egypt’s electric power-generating capacity, benefiting more than 20 million people and helping bring 

access to electricity to almost 98% of the Egyptian population. Total capacity increased from 4,000 MW to 

more than 15,000 MW, and consumption has increased by 6% annually since the 1980s. In addition, 

approximately 1.5 million Egyptians benefited during this reporting period from USAID investments to 

improve the reliability of power generation at Abu Qir and Abu Sultan plants. USAID assistance enabled 

generators to increase operating time and output by approximately 25%. 

Installation of new phone lines and other telephone services expanded and improved telephone service 

for approximately nine million people. Nearly 1.4 million Egyptians benefited during this reporting period 

from USAID investment under the Outside Plant II activity that added over 280,000 new phone lines. 

Construction of a wastewater collection and treatment system in Luxor, serving approximately 40,000 

people, was completed. Also in Luxor, construction of a force main and rehabilitation of an existing major 

pump station is 65% complete, which will improve the efficiency of the existing wastewater treatment 

facilities. Additionally, work to lower the levels of groundwater which will help preserve both Karnak and 

Luxor Temples is about 30% complete. This rehabilitation work will help sustain both the temples as well 

as the resulting economy which relies on tourism to these monuments. 

 

3. Healthier Planned Families: The primary focus of USAID’s child health activities are polio eradication, 

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), and neonatal care. During FY 2005, USAID 

continued to be a major donor to the Ministry of Health and Population’s polio eradication effort, and will 

remain so until polio is eradicated from Egypt - projected for 2008. USAID contributed funding for door-todoor national immunization campaigns; a total of eight were conducted in FY 2005, with a coverage rate 

exceeding 99.2%. No cases of live polio were detected in Egypt in FY 2005. Partially due to USAID’s 
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financial support of the national IMCI program, Egypt has experienced a significant reduction in the Under 

Five Mortality Rate (from 80.6 deaths/1000 children in 1995 to 41 deaths/1000 children in 2005), 

exceeding the planned target of 42 deaths/1000 children for FY 2005. During FY 2005, the IMCI program 

expanded to an additional 38 districts, for a cumulative 157 of 250 districts nationwide. This exceeded the 

target of 125 districts. During early FY 2005, the final 17 planned hospital delivery room and maternity 

ward renovations and refurbishments were completed. 

As the seven-year technical assistance program neared completion during FY 2005, all 75 districts in 

Upper Egypt and two slums in Cairo received the full basic package of essential maternal health service 

upgrades. These upgrades included training, renovating and equipping hospital and maternity center 

obstetric wards, and mobilizing communities. The share of births attended by a skilled provider increased 

from 69.4% in 2003, to 74.2% in 2005 - thereby exceeding the target of 72%. Community outreach 

programs reached more than 75,000 youth and adults with family planning and reproductive health 

messages. Nearly 3,500 private sector pharmacists and physicians were trained in improved counseling 

skills, and about 11,400 public providers and non-governmental organization (NGO) outreach workers 

were trained on reproductive health. The program educated and garnered the active involvement of 

Muslim and Christian religious leaders, agricultural extension agents, women’s advocacy groups, and 

community businessmen. An FY 2005 survey conducted in the intervention areas showed a 35% 

increase in patronage at the newly renovated and galvanized clinics (family planning clients increased by 

20.8%), and knowledge of optimal birth spacing (3 - 5years) increased by 38%. 

During FY 2005, with funding and technical assistance from USAID, Egypt opened its first anonymous 

HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center and provided training for 28 VCT counselors. 

The Cairo VCT Center tested and/or counseled 230 clients during FY 2005. A campaign to increase 

public awareness about the VCT centers is currently being developed. NGO outreach activities provided 

1,000 intravenous drug users with prevention information. Training in clinical management, treatment, 

and care of people living with HIV/AIDS was provided to 150 physicians and nurses 

4. Democracy and Governance: Egypt’s first contested Presidential election offered a prime opportunity to 

expand the boundaries of civic participation and raise the standards of journalism. Under a grant to the 

International Center for Journalists, USAID trained 144 Egyptian journalists in a civic journalism approach 

to reporting on elections (i.e., engaging the Egyptian public in setting the agenda for candidates). Through 

workshops and technical assistance, journalists produced a 16 page voter’s guide that was distributed to 

500,000 people nationwide through Egypt’s leading daily newspaper. Journalists also produced 15 video 

stories, and 65 journalists reported from more than 200 polling stations on Election Day. 

USAID requested proposals from Egyptian and international NGOs to strengthen civil society and 

promote democracy. For the first time, the GOE agreed that USAID would not be required to seek its 

approval before issuing these grants. 

In FY 2005, USAID received over 100 project proposals and awarded 12 grants valued at U.S. $5.5 

million. Many other proposals are poised for approval in FY 2006. Projects focused on a range of 

democracy and governance issues, including civic education, human rights, decentralization, rule of law, 

and improving the media sector. Most proposals approved in FY 2005 were related to the Presidential 

elections in FY 2005, and the Parliamentary elections in FY 2006. 

Under the Administration of Justice activity, USAID improved the operation and performance of two 

civil/commercial pilot courts. USAID performed comprehensive assessments of the pilot courts. The 

assessments focused on facility conditions, operational procedures, case backlog, and the number of 

staff as well as their duties and capacities related to the court’s workload. The activity also developed a 

tool to conduct assessments of the remaining 20 courts and conducted strategic planning workshops to 

provide a framework for project initiatives. USAID trained judges and staff on change management 

(transparency, efficiency, and customer service) and case management (reducing case delay). In total, 

878 Ministry of Justice officials (including 377 judges and 501staff) participated. Of the 501 staff who 

received training, 47% were women. 
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5. Improved Access to Quality Education: USAID is providing assistance in all three areas in the seven 

focus governorates of Cairo, Alexandria, Minya, Fayoum, Qena, Beni Suef and Aswan. 

To improve school quality, The Education Reform Program (ERP) is assisting the Ministry of Education’s 

in-service, and the Faculties of Education's pre-service, training systems. These training systems are 

incorporating the perceived needs of teachers into the designs of the training curriculums. In the past 

year, 919 teachers were trained in active learning methods under the ERP and the New School Program 

(NSP). More than 1499 teachers were trained in 10 private and four public experimental schools to utilize 

the 6,120 computers already installed under the Information Technology (IT) in Schools program. The 

excess in the planned versus actual number of teachers trained in active learning methodologies can be 

attributed to the start-up of the ERP, and the expansion of the NSP. 

Under the IT in Schools program, 4,247 lesson plans (representing approximately 50% of the national 

curriculum), have been posted on the Education Resource Network website. This activity in private 

schools has successfully married active learning methods with technology, and increased levels of 

motivation and satisfaction among teachers and students. The activity also enriched teaching capacity 

and instructional resources available to children. 

The USAID-funded NSP increased access to education by constructing 70 new primary schools, 170 

multi-grade schools, and 21 literacy classrooms. Working with 12 NGOs and 28 Community Development 

Associations, USAID provided 4,024 scholarships to primary, preparatory, and secondary school girls 

over the past year. USAID also continued to sponsor community awareness-raising activities for parents 

in Minya, Qena, and Beni Suef to enhance the demand for education. 

 

Under ERP, 3060 adults received literacy training, which supports improved learning outcomes among 

their children. NSP enrolled 434 students in literacy classes as well. Over 300 life skills facilitators were 

trained, thereby enabling many young adults to enroll in life skills classes. A total of 150,284 women and 

young girls received education and training through USAID-funded programs. The major increase in the 

FY 2005 actual versus planned performance measure is due to the addition of the ERP family of schools. 
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FY 2006 Program 

SO: 263-016 Environment for Trade and Investment Strengthened 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access to Economic and Social Infrastructure ($7,200,000 ESF; $6,035,000 ESF 

Prior Year Unobligated). USAID is working with Government of Egypt (GOE) counterparts to develop 

paperless processes so many government transactions can take place on-line. Support for the U.S.-Egypt 

Science and Technology Agreement will continue. USAID is assisting the private sector to facilitate 

business transactions and provide training for small and micro-enterprises in the information and 

technology sector. USAID is also funding the identification, development, execution, monitoring, and 

evaluation of selected development activities. Principal Implementer: General Dynamics. 

Improve Access To Clean Water & Sanitation 

Improve Access to Clean Water and Sanitation ($62,500,000 ESF Prior Year Unobligated). USAID is 

continuing to finance the construction of water and wastewater facilities and is constructing small-scale 

water and wastewater treatment facilities, water distribution networks, wastewater collection facilities, 

ground water control systems, water conservation systems, and wetlands for wastewater treatment. 

These activities are mitigating environmental degradation, improve health standards, and promote 

economic growth. Principal Implementer: To Be Determined (TBD). 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment ($302,639,000 ESF Cash Transfer; $12,300,000 

ESF Project Assistance; $200,000,000 Prior Year Unobligated ESF Cash Transfer; $6,000,000 ESF Prior 

Year Unobligated Project Assistance; $294,901,100 ESF Recoveries Cash Transfer). USAID is 

continuing to provide cash transfer assistance to support reforms under the Financial Sector Reform 

Memorandum of Understanding. USAID is implementing specific reforms in the areas of macroeconomic 

stability, financial sector modernization, trade facilitation, and commercial law development. These 

activities are aimed at stimulating investment and creating new businesses. Principal Implementer: 

BearingPoint. 

Improve Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources & Biodiversity 

Improve Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Biodiversity ($2,000,000 ESF). USAID 

assistance is being targeted to improve livelihoods and create jobs for populations living in and around 

the Wadi Gimal National Park in the Southern Red Sea coastal area, and to support ecotourism pilot 

projects. Principal Implementer: Chemonics. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($7,000,000 ESF Prior Year Unobligated). USAID is continuing 

to enhance Egypt’s competitiveness in the agricultural sector by providing assistance to agricultural trade 

associations by linking small horticulture and livestock producers to larger producers and exporters, 

helping producers meet quality standards of international importers, and transferring important 

technologies to smallholder farmers. Principal Implementers: Chemonics, CARE-Egypt, QED, Agricultural 

Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance, and Midwest 

Universities Consortium for International Activities. 

Increase Trade and Investment 
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Increase Trade and Investment ($4,000,000 ESF; $203,220,000 ESF Prior Year Unobligated). USAID is 

continuing to finance trade and investment transactions through the Commodity Import Program. USAID 

is assisting the Egyptian Customs Authority (ECA) to implement new customs procedures at all ports, 

establish a new organizational structure for ECA, conduct a multi-year training program, as well as 

identify ECA software and hardware needs for full automation of major ports. Principal Implementer: 

BearingPoint. 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen the Financial Services Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($5,600,000 ESF; $475,900 

DCA Prior Year Unobligated). USAID continues to support private sector credit bureaus, and expand 

access to housing finance through several banks and private companies. The Ministry of Justice is 

assessing requirements to establish a modern property registration system. In the underserved Upper 

Egypt region, one Development Credit Authority (DCA) activity is making medium-term credit available to 

small and medium size enterprises that formerly used the Commodity Import Program. Principal 

Implementers: Chemonics and BearingPoint. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 263-016 Environment for Trade and Investment Strengthened 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access to Economic and Social Infrastructure ($2,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

continue to support the U.S.-Egypt Science and Technology Agreement. Principal Implementer: Not 

Applicable. 

Improve Access To Clean Water & Sanitation 

Improve Access to Clean Water and Sanitation ($1,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue to support the 

activities of the Blue Revolution Initiative. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment ($301,878,000 ESF Cash Transfer; $6,850,000 

ESF Project Assistance). USAID will continue to support policy reform, particularly financial sector reform, 

through cash transfers and provision of technical assistance. This support will increase private sector 

banks’ share of all bank loans extended and reduce the overall number of non-performing loans in the 

banking system. USAID will improve the business and investment environment by strengthening 

commercial laws and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of government. Principal Implementer: 

BearingPoint. 

Improve Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources & Biodiversity 

Improve Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Biodiversity ($2,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

continue to fund activities to improve livelihoods and create jobs for indigenous populations living in and 

around the Wadi Gimal National Park. Principal Implementer: Chemonics. 

Increase Trade and Investment 

Increase Trade and Investment ($4,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue to support the ECA. USAID will 
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also fund non-governmental organizations such as the American Chamber of Commerce and the 

Egyptian Exporters Association. Principal Implementer: BearingPoint. 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen the Financial Services Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($500,000 ESF). USAID 

anticipates transferring funding to DCA to implement two DCA activities started in FY 2006. Principal 

Implementer: TBD. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 263-020 Healthier, Planned Families 

Address Other Health Vulnerabilities 

Address Other Health Vulnerabilities ($3,558,000 ESF). USAID is providing technical expertise and 

funding for 14 medical and 11 nursing schools to update national core curricula, strengthening classroom 

training programs, introducing objective student assessments, establishing partnerships between 

American and Egyptian medical and nursing institutions, and assisting in implementing a medical 

education accreditation system. USAID is also improving local capacity to implement health education 

programs; creating a private sector association of pharmacists and physicians; providing mass media 

health messages via television, radio, and press reaching 25 million adults each quarter; and providing 

grants to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to mobilize communities on local health issues. 

Principal Implementers: Chemonics and Johns Hopkins University. 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($3,864,520 ESF). USAID is funding polio eradication efforts, 

and expand the use of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Approach for early diagnosis and 

treatment of critical childhood diseases in 45 additional districts for a total of 157 districts. A new 

integrated maternal/child health and family planning project focused on the renovation of neonatal wards 

and provision of equipment and training to improve newborn survival in Lower Egypt is being started. 

Principal Implementer: To Be Determined (TBD). 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health and Nutrition ($3,161,880 ESF). USAID is providing technical expertise and 

funding to extend the maternal health and safe birthing program into poor areas of Lower Egypt. USAID is 

also helping to establish village committees responsible for safe motherhood, ensuring the care of 

pregnant women and transport to the medical facility for delivery, and expanding the maternal mortality 

surveillance system. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent and Control Infectious Diseases of Major Importance ($1,670,000 ESF). USAID is providing 

technical expertise and funding to advance the national infectious disease surveillance system by 

updating surveillance guidelines, improving the system’s response time, and incorporating HIV/AIDS data 

into the system. USAID is also improving infection control practices in medical facilities, controlling food 

borne diseases, and increasing avian influenza preparedness. Principal Implementer: U.S. Naval Medical 

Research Unit 3. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 
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Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($1,940,000 ESF). USAID is providing funding and 

technical expertise to establish three HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing centers and a national 

Sexually Transmitted Infection diagnosis and treatment center; training health providers in the diagnosis 

and treatment of HIV/AIDS; conducting an HIV/AIDS behavioral and biological surveillance study; and 

funding two faith-based organization programs working with high-risk populations. Principal Implementer: 

Family Health International. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($10,539,600 ESF). USAID is providing technical expertise and funding to make 

family planning information and services available to over 17 million women nationwide. Specific activities 

include renovating and equipping community clinics; training health care providers and managers; 

providing contraceptives; mobilizing communities to rally financial and other support for the clinics; and 

sponsoring family planning education programs. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 263-020 Healthier, Planned Families 

Address Other Health Vulnerabilities 

Address Other Health Vulnerabilities ($6,372,000 ESF). USAID will continue to support all 25 public 

medical and nursing schools in Egypt, improve curricula and teaching methodologies, effectively evaluate 

the performance of students, and encourage international partnerships. USAID will improve local capacity 

to implement health education programs, strengthen a private sector association of pharmacists and 

physicians, disseminate mass media health messages, and provide grants to local NGOs. Principal 

Implementers: Chemonics and Johns Hopkins University. 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($3,168,000 ESF). USAID funding will continue to support 

polio eradication efforts, expand the integrated management of childhood illness program, and improve 

hospital and clinic-based services to increase newborn survival rates. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health and Nutrition ($2,592,000 ESF). USAID will provide funding and technical 

expertise to expand maternal health services in Lower Egypt. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent and Control Infectious Diseases of Major Importance ($345,000 ESF). USAID will provide funding 

and technical expertise to Egypt’s infectious disease surveillance program to ensure that data collection, 

analysis, and response systems are functioning and sustainable. This will be the final stage of USAID 

support to the program. Principal implementer: TBD. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($2,265,000 ESF). USAID will continue providing technical 

expertise and funding to Egypt’s National AIDS Program and associated NGOs. This activity focuses on 

AIDS surveillance and prevention in high-risk populations, increasing the technical capacity of the health 
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providers to diagnose and treat AIDS, and increasing AIDS awareness in the general population. 

Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($8,640,000 ESF). USAID will continue to make quality information and services 

available to facilitate family planning and reproductive health through renovation of clinics, training health 

care providers, mobilizing communities, and developing corporate partnerships. Principal Implementer: 

TBD. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 263-021 Initiatives in Governance and Participation Strengthened 

Establish & Ensure Media Freedom & Freedom Of Information 

Establish & Ensure Media Freedom and Freedom of Information ($6,000,000 ESF). USAID is helping the 

Egyptian media sector become more professional, economically viable, and independent through 

capacity building of Egyptian institutions that train journalists, improving the management of media, and 

development of local media. USAID is also helping the GOE implement a media reform program. 

Principal Implementers: To Be Determined (TBD). 

Promote And Support Anti-Corruption Reforms 

Promote and Support Anti-Corruption Reforms ($4,600,000 ESF). USAID is assisting the GOE and 

empowering civil society to assist in the reform of transparency laws; establish independent entities within 

the judicial and legislative branches to investigate corruption; and develop a national plan to raise 

awareness about, and combat, public sector corruption. Principal Implementers: TBD. 

Promote and Support Credible Elections Processes 

Promote and Support Credible Elections Processes ($5,700,000 ESF). USAID is assisting the GOE and 

empowering civil society to make elections more accountable, competitive, and transparent. Assistance 

includes public information campaigns to educate voters, train domestic monitors, support international 

observation teams, dialogue on electoral reform, and develop an independent political think-tank. 

Principal Implementers: National Democratic Institute (NDI) and International Republican Institute (IRI). 

Protect Human Rights 

Protect Human Rights ($4,600,000 ESF). USAID is increasing the ability of civil society and government 

to address human rights violations and respond to violence against women and children. Assistance is 

increasing public awareness, promoting advocacy, providing legal assistance, improving investigation 

capacity, and developing human rights curricula. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($6,600,000 ESF). USAID is strengthening Egyptian civil society organizations 

(CSOs) and enhancing their participation in the political process and their ability to promote and monitor 

human rights through a grants program. Concurrently, a training and technical assistance contract is 

strengthening the management and reporting capacity of Egyptian grantees. Principal Implementer: TBD. 
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Strengthen Democratic Political Parties 

Strengthen Democratic Political Parties ($2,000,000 ESF). USAID is strengthening the capacity of 

political party leaders to wage effective campaigns, develop more democratic and representative internal 

structures and clearer platforms, monitor the integrity of the electoral process, and develop dialogue with 

civic leaders to build momentum for political reform. USAID works only with parties committed to 

democratic principles and non-violence. Principal Implementers: NDI and IRI. 

Strengthen the Justice Sector 

Strengthen the Justice Sector ($12,100,000 ESF; $3,500,000 ESF Prior Year Unobligated). USAID is 

assisting with reform of the justice sector by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of civil courts, 

integrating women into the judiciary, and promoting judicial independence. USAID is streamlining 

administrative procedures, automating and training judicial and court personnel at two major courts, 

planning for nationwide replication of the program, and improving access to justice for families. Principal 

Implementers: America-Mideast Educational and Training Services, Management Sciences for 

Development Inc., and others TBD. 

Support Democratic Local Government & Decentralization 

Support Democratic Local Government and Decentralization ($6,400,000 ESF). USAID is building the 

capacity of local governments to respond to citizen priorities by increasing revenue, establishing 

participatory mechanisms to manage resources, and strengthening management. Support focuses on 

governorates where USAID has already invested in education, health, environment, and microenterprise. 

Policy dialogue at the national level is helping to decentralize key authorities and responsibilities to the 

local level. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 263-021 Initiatives in Governance and Participation Strengthened 

Establish & Ensure Media Freedom & Freedom Of Information 

Establish and Ensure Media Freedom and Freedom of Information ($3,740,000 ESF). USAID will 

continue to train journalists and media managers to work in the restructured media sector. Principal 

Implementers: TBD. 

Promote And Support Anti-Corruption Reforms 

Promote And Support Anti-Corruption Reforms ($3,000,000 ESF). USAID will support civil society and 

GOE efforts to identify and combat public corruption. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Promote and Support Credible Elections Processes 

Promote and Support Credible Elections Processes ($4,000,000 ESF). In addition to continuing to work 

with civil society and the GOE to support political and electoral reforms, including the cleaning of voter 

lists, USAID will strengthen political parties to respond to constituent concerns, expand membership, and 

participate effectively in elections. Principal Implementers: NDI, IRI, and others TBD. 

Protect Human Rights 

Protect Human Rights ($3,000,000 ESF). USAID will increase the ability of civil society and government 
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to address human rights violations and respond to violence against women and children. 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($13,950,000 ESF). USAID will fund more CSO initiatives in the areas of human 

rights, democratic reform, and governance through a grants program. Also, a training and technical 

assistance contract will strengthen the management and reporting capacity of Egyptian grantees. 

Principal Implementers: TBD. 

Strengthen the Justice Sector 

Strengthen the Justice Sector ($12,700,000 ESF). USAID will continue to train judges and mediators, 

develop human rights curricula, and automate the civil courts and the Office of the Prosecutor General. 

Principal Implementers: TBD. 

Support Democratic Local Government & Decentralization 

Support Democratic Local Government and Decentralization ($5,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue to 

provide policy and technical assistance to give local governments the authority and capacity to levy and 

retain local taxes and make transparent decisions in response to citizen priorities. Principal Implementers: 

TBD. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 263-022 Improved Access to Quality Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($57,577,000 ESF; $16,423,000 ESF Prior Year 

Unobligated). USAID continues to fund programs which finance teacher training, classroom materials, 

school construction, literacy training, parent education regarding early childhood, life skills training, 

training for school supervisors and administrators, and activities to improve the linkages between the 

teachers’ colleges and schools. 

USAID is providing 14 million books and instructional material kits to 16 million students in primary, 

preparatory, and secondary schools in Egypt’s 27 governorates. USAID continues to finance the 

establishment of multi-grade schools, training for Board of Trustees and Parent Associations, computers, 

and school construction. A public/private partnership with Vodafone and Microsoft is providing 80 new 

schools with school-based computer centers. 

 

USAID continues to improve the quality of K-12 schools by providing incentives to the schools that are the 

most successful in both implementing the Egyptian national education standards and achieving school 

excellence. Education experts are evaluating school progress in achieving improvements they have 

identified in their school improvement plans. This is being done using a measurement tool summarizing 

the achievement of educational standards. Program funds are directed to the selected schools for school 

and staff improvements. USAID in collaboration with United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is 

improving water and sanitation practices in selected schools in Upper Egypt by introducing behavioral 

health messages within the school and the community. This program's activities include curriculum 

development, latrine construction, and technical assistance. 

USAID is providing direct support to democratically elected school Boards of Trustees, and other 

Egyptian and U.S. non-governmental organizations. Support is being targeted to entities that are involved 

in increasing popular participation, accountability, and transparency in the oversight, management, and 

delivery of basic education. At the secondary level, USAID is training teachers, constructing schools, 
14

providing scholarships to socio-economically disadvantaged people, especially girls, and procuring 

computers to redress inequitable access by Egypt's poor to secondary education. 

Principal Implementers: Academy for Educational Development (AED), CARE, American Institutes for 

Research, UNICEF, and Development Associates. 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($1,000,000 ESF). USAID is 

providing ongoing support to the School-to-Work Program. This program matches up private sector 

interests and support with technical and vocational secondary schools to improve the relevance of 

secondary education, develop internship opportunities, and facilitate recruitment and job placement. 

Activities are occurring on a pilot basis in approximately 20 selected vocational and regular secondary 

schools. Principal Implementer: American Institutes for Research. 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development ($25,000,000 ESF). USAID is 

providing resources to a new regional participant training program, which supports short and long-term 

training at U.S. institutions of higher education and at the American Universities of Beirut and Cairo. 

Funds for the American University of Cairo’s Leadership in Education and Development Scholars 

program cover 54 students, one male and one female, from each of the 27 governorates. Principal 

Implementers: American University of Cairo and To Be Determined (TBD). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 263-022 Improved Access to Quality Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($47,000,000 ESF). FY 2006 programs will continue 

in FY 2007. In addition, the Environmental Education Program will also receive funding to integrate 

environmental education into the Egyptian curriculum through a pilot in a select number of schools. 

USAID support will assist in designing curricula, training teachers, and developing educational materials. 

Principal Implementers: AED, CARE, American Institutes for Research, UNICEF, and Development 

Associates. 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($1,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

support the School-to-Work Program in approximately 20 selected vocational and regular secondary 

schools. Principal Implementer: American Institutes for Research. 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development ($20,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

provide resources to a new regional training program which will host short and long-term training at U.S. 

institutions of higher education and at the American Universities of Beirut and Cairo. Principal 

Implementer: TBD. 
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Results Framework 

263-016 Environment for Trade and Investment Strengthened 

Program Title: Creating Jobs through Trade and Investment 

 IR16.1: Financial Sector Modernized 

 IR16.2: Trade and Investment Facilitated 

 IR16.3: Competitiveness of Natural Resource Based Industries Increased 

263-018 Increased Access to Sustainable Utilities 

Program Title: Infrastructure 

 IR.18.1: Enhanced Utility Services 

 IR.18.2: Improved Commercialization of Utilities 

 IR.18.3: Legal & Regulatory Framework for Municipal Water, Power, and Telecommunications Sectors 

Established 

263-020 Healthier, Planned Families 

Program Title: Healthier, Planned Families 

 IR 20.1: Increased Use of Family Planning Services 

 IR 20.2: Increased Use of Maternal & Child Health Services 

 IR 20.3: Strengthened Infectiuos Disease Surveillance and Response 

263-021 Initiatives in Governance and Participation Strengthened 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance 

 IR.21.1: Improved Enabling Environment for Political Processes 

 IR.21.2: Enhanced Collaboration between a Responsive Government and an informed Citizenry 

 IR.21.3: Increased Availability of Effective Legal Services 

263-022 Improved Access to Quality Education 

Program Title: Improved Basic Education 

 IR 22.1: Expanded Access for Girls and Women 

 IR 22.2: Improved Instructional Methods 

 IR 22.3: Public Participation in Education Enabled