IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION II

STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 54175-1-II

Respondent,

v.

K.L.O., UNPUBLISHED OPINION

Appellant.

WORSWICK, J. — KLO appeals her adjudication for possession of 40 grams or less of 

marijuana while under 21 years of age. She argues that the juvenile court erred by denying her 

motion to suppress marijuana evidence found in her backpack after her mother searched it in the 

presence of law enforcement. We disagree and affirm. 

FACTS

In June 2019, Stephanie McGraw reported her teenage daughter, KLO, to law 

enforcement alleging KLO had returned home intoxicated after sneaking out. Cowlitz County 

Deputy Sheriff Cory Parker was dispatched to McGraw’s home where he found KLO asleep in 

her bed. Deputy Parker did not think KLO appeared intoxicated. McGraw pointed to a 

backpack in KLO’s room and told Deputy Parker that KLO had packed it to run away again. 

Deputy Parker told McGraw she could take away KLO’s backpack and cellphone if she wanted

to. McGraw grabbed KLO’s backpack and began to empty it. While emptying the backpack, 

McGraw removed a small glass container containing what appeared to be a small amount of 

marijuana. McGraw told Deputy Parker that she wanted him to charge KLO for the possession. 

Filed

Washington State

Court of Appeals

Division Two

March 9, 2021
No. 54175-1-II

2

Following this incident, the State charged KLO with one count of possession of 40 grams or less 

of marijuana while under 21 years of age. 

KLO moved to suppress the marijuana collected from her backpack under CrR 3.6 

arguing that her mother’s search of her backpack constituted an unlawful warrantless search at 

the direction of law enforcement. McGraw and Deputy Parker testified at the CrR 3.6 hearing. 

McGraw testified that she called law enforcement and wanted to have KLO arrested. She could 

not recall what time of day she called or the details of her conversation with Deputy Parker about 

marijuana being in KLO’s backpack. 

Deputy Parker testified that he told McGraw that she did not need to provide KLO with 

“any of the niceties of life,” and could take away things other than the essentials such as food, 

water, shelter, clothing, and medical aid. Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) at 19. He 

testified that McGraw pointed to KLO’s cell phone and backpack and said, “Look, she has a

backpack packed, ready to run away again,” and he told her she could take that away. VRP at 

19. Deputy Parker explained, “I didn’t tell her to search it. I told her she could take it. I mean, 

it’s very clearly her house and her belongings, so she can do what she chooses with them.” VRP 

at 20. He did not recall having any reason to believe there would be anything illegal in the 

backpack. Deputy Parker testified that he was standing at the foot of KLO’s bed and was getting 

ready to leave when McGraw began searching the backpack. He recalled, “She grabbed the 

backpack and just started pulling things out of it. She pulled out clothing, and then she pulled 

out the vial of suspected marijuana, which she threw on the bed.” VRP at 20. 

Following the CrR 3.6 hearing, the juvenile court entered written findings and 

conclusions as follows denying KLO’s motion to suppress. The juvenile court found McGraw’s 
No. 54175-1-II

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testimony not credible, pointing to her inability to remember details of the incident including the 

time of day it occurred or the details of her conversation with Deputy Parker. When Deputy 

Parker arrived in KLO’s bedroom he became concerned about her safety because KLO had taken 

a sleeping pill and potentially had consumed alcohol. When McGraw pointed out KLO’s 

backpack and cell phone and told him she was concerned KLO was going to run away, Deputy 

Parker told McGraw that she could take away KLO’s backpack and cell phone if she wanted to. 

McGraw then grabbed the backpack and began pulling things out of it without any direction or 

prompting from Deputy Parker.1 McGraw pulled a glass jar containing what appeared to be 

marijuana out of KLO’s backpack while Deputy Parker was standing in the bedroom. McGraw

told Deputy Parker she wanted KLO arrested, but Deputy Parker determined that KLO did not 

meet the points or criteria for being taken into custody. 

Based on these findings, the juvenile court concluded that Deputy Parker was in KLO’s 

room at the time of McGraw’s search so he knew it was happening but that there was no 

evidence he was doing anything other than getting ready to leave. The juvenile court also 

concluded:

2. The search was not done at Deputy Parker’s direction or assistance. It appears 

the mother decided what she was going to do, and did it without any further 

thought from anyone. The search was done to further the mother’s own ends 

with wanting help for her daughter who she believed was intoxicated and was 

going to run away again. 

3. Ms. McGraw was a private party searching the backpack of her minor daughter 

in her own home without any prompting from the government agent Deputy 

Parker to do the search. 

 

1 KLO assigns error to this finding of fact. 
No. 54175-1-II

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4. Deputy Parker did not acquiesce in any way to the conduct of Ms. McGraw. 

The court would be speculating to conclude otherwise. 

Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law: Stipulated Trial (Ex. A, at 16). Accordingly, the 

juvenile court denied KLO’s motion to suppress the marijuana evidence. 

The parties proceeded to a stipulated fact-finding hearing based on the police reports. 

The juvenile court found KLO guilty of possession of 40 grams or less of marijuana while under 

21 years of age.

KLO appeals her adjudication and disposition. 

ANALYSIS

KLO argues that the juvenile court erred by denying her motion to suppress. We 

disagree. 

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits warrantless searches. 

State v. Froehlich, 197 Wn. App. 831, 837, 391 P.3d 559 (2017). However, the Fourth 

Amendment does not apply to intrusions by a private person unless that person is acting as a 

government agent. State v. Krajeski, 104 Wn. App. 377, 382-83, 16 P.3d 69 (2001). Two 

factors are critical for determining whether a private person is acting as a government agent: “(1) 

whether the government knew of and acquiesced in the intrusive conduct; and (2) whether the 

party performing the search intended to assist law enforcement efforts or further his own ends.” 

Krajeski, 104 Wn. App. at 383.

We review whether the trial court’s challenged written findings from a suppression 

hearing are supported by substantial evidence. Froehlich, 197 Wn. App. at 837. Unchallenged 

findings are verities on appeal. State v. Piatnitsky, 170 Wn. App. 195, 221, 282 P.3d 1184 

(2012), aff’d 180 Wn.2d 407 (2014). Evidence is substantial if it is enough to persuade a fair-
No. 54175-1-II

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minded person of the truth of the stated premise. Froehlich, 197 Wn. App. at 837. We do not 

review the trial court’s credibility determinations. State v. Camarillo, 115 Wn.2d 60, 71, 794 

P.2d 850 (1990). A trial court’s determination that a search did not violate the Fourth 

Amendment because it was a private search is a legal conclusion that we review de novo. 

Krajeski, 104 Wn. App. at 382.

KLO assigns error only to the juvenile court’s finding of fact 11 which states, “Ms. 

McGraw then grabbed the backpack and without any direction or prompting from Deputy Parker, 

began to pull things out of the backpack.” Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law: Stipulated 

Trial (Ex. A, at 15). Deputy Parker testified that he told McGraw she could take KLO’s 

backpack and other things away but that he did not tell McGraw to search the backpack. Deputy 

Parker testified that he had no reason to believe the bag contained anything illegal and was 

preparing to leave when McGraw began searching the backpack on her own volition. McGraw 

could not remember the details of her conversation with Deputy Parker about the backpack. 

Substantial evidence supported this challenged finding of fact that McGraw searched the 

backpack without direction or prompting from Deputy Parker. 

In addition, the juvenile court’s findings support the court’s conclusions of law that 

McGraw’s search was legal under the Fourth Amendment. Although Deputy Parker was in the 

room when McGraw searched the backpack, the juvenile court found that he was primarily 

concerned about KLO’s safety after having taken a sleeping pill and potentially having 

consumed alcohol. Deputy Parker did not encourage McGraw’s search and determined that 

KLO did not meet the criteria for being taken into detention. The findings show that while 

Deputy Parker knew of McGraw’s search of the backpack, he did not acquiesce in McGraw’s 
No. 54175-1-II

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search and that McGraw searched KLO’s backpack to further her own ends. Accordingly, 

McGraw was not acting as a government agent when she searched KLO’s backpack and the 

search was not unlawful under the Fourth Amendment.

Therefore, we hold that the juvenile court did not err in denying KLO’s suppression 

motion. 

We affirm.

A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the 

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 

2.06.040, it is so ordered.

____________________________

Worswick, J.

We concur:

__________________________________

Lee, C.J.

__________________________________

Veljacic, J.