SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NUMBER 55 

A Scanning Electron Microscope 

Survey of the Epidermis 

of East African Grasses, 111 

Patricia G. Palmer, Susan Gerbeth-Jones, 

and Susan Hutchison 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1985 
ABSTRACT 

Palmer, Patricia G., Susan Gerbeth-Jones, and Susan Hutchison. A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East African Grasses, 

111. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 55, 136 pages, 98 plates, 

1985.-In developing a reference collection as a standard for using fossil 

rass cuticles as a paleoecological tool, we have examined leaf epidermal 

Features of grasses with SEM. Descriptions (abaxial and adaxial surfaces) of 

49 East African species are presented that represent seven tribes: Aristideae, 

Pappophoreae, Eragrostideae, Chlorideae, Sporoboleae, Leptureae, Zoysieae. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is 

recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf 

clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

(Revised for volume 111) 

Palmer, Patricia G. 

A scanning electron microscope survey of the epidermis of East African grasses. 

(Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 49, 53, 55) 

Bibliography: p. 

Vol. 55 by Patricia G. Palmer, Susan Gerbeth-Jones, and Susan Hutchison. 

Includes bibliographies and indexes. 

1. Grasses-Africa, East-Anatomy-Atlases. 2. Grasses-Anatomy-Atlases. 3. LeavesAnatomy-Atlases. 4. Epidermis-Atlases. 5. Ultrastructure (Biology)-Atlases. I. 

Tucker, Alice E., joint author. 11. Title. 111. Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 49, 53, 55- 

QKI.S2747 no. 49, etc. 581s [584’.909676] 80-19201 [QK495.G74] 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction ............................................ 1 

Materials and Methods .................................. 1 

2 

Tribe ARISTIDEAE 2 

Aristida scabrivalvis Hackel ............................... 2 

Tribe PAPPOPHOREAE ..................................... 3 

3 

4 

Tribe ERAGROSTIDEAE ..................................... 5 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

9 

Drake-Brockmania haareri (Stapf and Hubbard) S.M. Phillips ...... 10 

Eleusine jloccijolia (Forskil) Sprengel ........................ 10 

Eragrostiella bijaria (Vahl) Bor ............................. 11 

Eragrostis macilenta (A. Richard) Steudel ..................... 12 

Halopyrum mucronatum (Linnaeus) Stapf ..................... 12 

Harpachne schimperi A. Richard ............................ 13 

Leptocarydion vulpiastrum (De Notaris) Stapf .................. 13 

Leptochloa obtustjlora Hochstetter .......................... 14 

Lintonia nutans Stapf .................................... 15 

Odyssea paucinervis (Nees) Stapf ............................ 15 

Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roemer and Schultes) Pilger ............ 16 

Pogoneura bijlora Napper. ................................ 17 

Psilolemma jaegeri (Pilger) S.M. Phillips ...................... 17 

Trichoneura ciliata (Peter) S.M. Phillips ...................... 18 

Tripogon major Hook f. .................................. 18 

T~~~~CHLORIDEAE ....................................... 19 

Brachyachne fulva Stapf .................................. 19 

Chloris virgata Swartz. ................................... 20 

Chrysochloa orientalis (C.E. Hubbard) Swallen ................. 20 

Ctenium somalense (Chiovenda) Chiovenda .................... 2 1 

Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schumann) Pilger .................. 22 

Acknowledgments ...................................... 1 

Format for Species Descriptions ............................. ........................................ 

Stipagrostis uniplumis (Lichtenstein) de Winter ................ 3 

Enneapogon cenchroides (Roemer and Schultes) C.E. Hubbard ..... Schmidtia pappophoroides J.A. Schmidt ....................... 

Acrachne racemosa (Roemer and Schultes) Ohwi ............... 5 

Apochiton burttii C.E. Hubbard. ............................ Bewsia bzjlora (Hackel) Goosens ............................ Coelachyrum longiglume Napper ............................ 7 

Cypholepis yemenica (Schweinfurth) Chiovenda ................. Dactyloctenium giganteum Fisher and Schweickerdt .............. Dinebra retrojlexa (Vahl) Panzer ............................ 

Diplachne fusca (Linnaeus) Stapf ........................... 

... 

111 
iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Daknopholis boivinii (A . Camus) W.D. Clayton ................. 22 

Enteropogon macrostachyus (A . Richard) Bentham ............... 23 

Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl) Lanza and Mattei ................. 24 

Microchloa kunthii Desvaux ............................... 24 

Oropetium capense Stapf .................................. 25 

Rendlia altera (Rendle) Chiovenda .......................... 25 

Schoenefeldia transiens (Pilger) Chiovenda .................... 26 

Tetrafogon tenellus (Roxburgh) Chiovenda ................... 27 

T~~~~SPOROBOLEAE ...................................... 27 

Crypsis schoenoides (Linnaeus) Lamarck ...................... 27 

Sporobolus africanus (Poiret) Robyns and Tournay .............. 28 

TribeLEPTUREAE ........................................ 29 

Lepturus repens (G . Forster) R . Brown ....................... 29 

TribeZoYsIEAE .......................................... 29 

Dignathia gracilis Stapf ................................... 29 

Farrago racemosa W.D. Clayton ............................ 30 

Leptothrium senegalensis (Kunth) W.D. Clayton ................ 31 

Perotis patens Gandoger .................................. 31 

Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiovenda .......................... 32 

Tragus berteronianus Schultes .............................. 33 

Appendix: Material Studied ................................ 34 

Literature Cited ......................................... 36 

Plates ................................................. 37 

Index to Grass Species .................................... 136 
A Scanning Electron Microscope 1 

Survey of the Epidermis 

of East African Grasses, I11 

Patricia G. Palmer, Susan Gerbeth-Jones 

and Susan Hutchison 

Introduction 

This paper represents the third part of a survey of East African grasses. The purpose of this 

survey is to develop a reference collection of the 

microanatomical features of the leaves of modern 

grasses. The reference collection will provide a 

standard of comparison for identifying fossil leaf 

fragments that are abundant in East African lake 

sediments (Palmer, 1976). As in the first two 

volumes of this survey (Palmer and Tucker, 

1981, 1983), we are examining the grass leaves 

with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 

reader should refer to the first volume (Palmer 

and Tucker, 198 1) for discussion of terminology 

and illustrations of diagnostic features. In this 

present study, we encountered a type of epidermal hair not described in our terminology section 

in Volume I (Palmer and Tucker, 198 1). Careful 

study with SEM has shown that these unique 

hairs occurring in the Pappophoreae are “modified microhairs” (see Plate 5). 

Patricia G. Palmer, Department of Bzology, Louasburg College, 

Louasburg, Sorth Carolzna 27549. Susan Gerbeth-Jones, Department of Zoology, Duke C‘niversaty, Durham, North Carolane 

27706. Susan Hutchzson, 9528 N.E. 120th St. No. C3, Karkland, 1Vashangton 98033. 

This volume includes 49 species representing 

7 tribes: Aristideae, Pappophoreae, Eragrostideae, Chlorideae, Sporoboleae, Leptureae, Zoysieae. 

We delimit East Africa to include Uganda, 

Kenya, and Tanzania, the region dealt with in 

the Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae by 

Clayton (1970, 1974, 1982). We also follow the 

nomenclature of the Flora of Tropical East Africa. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-We are grateful to 

D.A. Livingstone of the Department of Zoology, 

Duke University, for research support and encouragement in this study. The analysis of the 

Pappophoreae was made by Tony Perdue who 

also provided valuable technical assistance. We 

wish to thank W.D. Clayton and S. Renvoize of 

the Kew Herbarium, T. Soderstrom of the National Herbarium, and G. Davidse of the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden for 

providing material for study. This research was 

supported by NSF grants ATM80-035 16, 

DEB76-80426, DEB78-17669, GB-22858 to 

D.A. Livingstone and BSR84-00520 to Patricia 

G. Palmer. 

MATERIALS AND METHoDs.-Leaf material for 

scanning electron microscopy was taken from 

dried herbarium material. A section from the 

1 
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

middle portion of a blade from an upper, mature, 

undamaged leaf was chosen for study. Wax was 

removed by soaking the specimen in xylene for 

24 hours. Two pieces of the leaf (one exposing 

the abaxial or lower surface, the other exposing 

the adaxial or upper surface) were mounted on 

stubs with double-coated Scotch tape. The specimens were sputter-coated with gold-palladium, 

observed with a JEOL T20 or a Philips 501 

scanning electron microscope, and photographed using Polaroid P/N 665 or P/N 55 film. 

Occasionally, specimens were examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis using the EDAX 

9 100/60 to clarify certain anatomical features. 

The photomicrographs are deposited in the laboratory of D.A. Livingstone, Department of Zoology, Duke University. 

Format for Species Descriptions 

STOMATA.-FreqUenCy; subsidiary cell shape; 

distribution; special features. 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Shape; end walls; 

outline of walls. Papillae: Number/cell, distribution on each cell, shape, size. 

LONG CELLS.-Shape; outline of walls. Papillae: Number/cell, distribution on each cell, 

shape, size. 

PRICKLES.-Frequency; location and type. 

SHORT CELLs.-Location and distribution. Silica Cells: Location and frequency. Cork Cells: 

Location and frequency. 

SILICA BODIES.-Location and shape. 

MICROHAIRS.-Frequency; number of cells; 

MACROHAIRS.-Frequency; location; nature of 

SPECIAL FEATURES.-Description of unique 

shape; shape of apex. 

base. 

features not covered in other categories. 

Tribe ARISTIDEAE 

Aristida scabrivalvis Hackel 

PLATES 1-2 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular to highdome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 

sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate Ib,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate ld,f). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles and 

short macrohairs (Plate la,d). 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI paired, 3-5/row, or 

>5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate le). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, long and short; intercostal 

not seen (Plate le). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

two-celled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded (?) (Plate If). 

1 c). 

MACROHAIRS.-see Prickles. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal 

zone; 1 row/band. Subsidiary cells papillate 

(Plate 2b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 2c,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 2c,d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

2a,c). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row or >!?/row; 

intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 2c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped (major 

veins only) or dumbbell; ends rounded or sometimes straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not 

seen. Silica bodies on major veins are raised 

(Plate 2a,d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 
NUMBER 55 3 

shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 2f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Stipugrostis uniplumis (Lichtenstein) de 

Winter 

PLATES 3-4 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2, 3 

rows/band (Plate 3aJ). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to 

markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 36,~). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 3b,c,f). 

PRIcKLEs.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

3d). 

SHORT CELLS.-COStaI solitary, paired, 3-51 

row, or >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells 

only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal infrequent (Plate 3b,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal crossshaped (Plate 3d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Common, two-celled; basal 

slightly shorter, apical longer to basal and apical 

equal in length, medium; apex rounded (Plate 

3f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 or 6 stoniatal bands/intercostal zone; 1 or sometimes 2 

rows/band (Plate 46,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to 

markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Nature of interstomatal cells in nonmarginal areas indeterminable because of collapsed cells (Plate 46,d). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen. Nature of long cells 

in nonmarginal areas indeterminable because of 

collapsed cells (Plate 46,d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 4a,d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-51 

row, or >?)/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells 

only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 4b,c). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 4c). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

two-celled; basal and apical equal in length, medium; apex rounded (Plate 4e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal 

cells slightly to markedly raised. Shaft twisted 

giving the appearance of a double-helix (Plate 

4d, f ). 

Tribe PAPPOPHOREAE 

Enneapogon cenchroides (Roemer and 

Schultes) C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 5-6 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

5a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly to markedly concave; slightly sinuous, 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 56,~). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 5a,c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal and occasionally 

intercostal prickles (Plate 5a,c,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 5d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends concave to straight, middle wide, short or occasionally wide, long; intercostal not seen (Plate 5d). 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

much longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell often deflated. The microhair is a modified type that is unusually long, approaching the 

length of a macrohair, because of the very long 

basal cell, and has a bulbous apical cell. Basal 

cells usually markedly raised on one side (Plate 

5e, f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-~ommon; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal 

zone, 1 row/band (Plate 6b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to 

markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 6a,c). 

LONG CELLS.-LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 6a,d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal short macrohairs; intercostal hooks (Plate 6a,d). 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI solitary, paired; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 6d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, long and short; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 64. 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

much longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell often deflated. The microhair is a modified type that is unusually long, approaching the 

length of a macrohair, because of the very long 

basal cell, and has a bulbous apical cell. Basal 

cells markedly raised on one side (Plate 6e,f). 

MACROHAIRS-None seen. 

Schmidtia pappophoroides J.A. Schmidt 

PLATES 7-8 

ABAXIAL 

STolLaATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

7b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 7b). 

LONG CELLS.--LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 7b,e). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; costal and 

intercostal prickles. Prickles appear laterally 

compressed (Plate 7b,c). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 7c-e). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight or sometimes lobed, middle 

wide, short; intercostal dumbbell, ends straight 

or sometimes lobed, middle wide, short (Plate 

7b-d). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

much longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell often deflated. The microhair is a modified type that is unusually long, approaching the 

length of a macrohair, because of the very long 

basal cell and has a bulbous apical cell (Plate 7d, 

MAcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; intercostal; basal 

cells slightly raised. Shaft of macrohairs sometimes twisted (Plate 7a,f). 

e). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

8b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 86). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 8b,c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 8c,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 
NUMBER 55 5 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 8d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded, straight or sometimes lobed, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 8d,e). 

MrcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

much longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell often deflated. The microhair is a modified type that is unusually long, approaching the 

length of a macrohair, because of the very long 

basal cell, and has a bulbous apical cell (Plate 8b, 

e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent to common; intercostal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 8aJ). 

Tribe ERAGROSTIDEAE 

Acruchne rucemosa (Roemer and Schultes) 

Ohwi 

PLATES 9- 10 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Comrnon; triangular but often 

collapsed and appearing low-dome; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

9a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 9c). 

9c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal only. 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 9c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped or 

sometimes dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, 

short, or nodular; intercostal nodular (Plate 9cMICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 9f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal 

zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate lOb,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; outline of walls indeterminable because of 

collapsed cells. Papillae: None seen (Plate 1 Oc). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

outline of walls indeterminable because of collapsed cells. Papillae: None seen. Raised rectangular cells present in mid-intercostal region 

(Plate 10a,c). 

PRICKLES.-Infrequent; marginal only. 

SHORT CELLS.-coStaI >5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate lOd,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-costal saddle-shaped or 

sometimes dumbbell, ends rounded, middle 

wide, short. Saddle-shaped silica bodies often 

have a single lateral knob on one or both sides 

(Plate 1 Od,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(?), usually collapsed (Plate 1 Of). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Apochiton burttii C.E. Hubbard 

PLATES 11-12 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 

rows/band (Plate 1 lb). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 1 la-c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

I/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell (Plate 1 la,d). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-51 

row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 1 1 d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave to straight, middle wide, short 

or sometimes narrowly saddle-shaped; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 1 ld,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent to common; twocelled; basal and apical equal in length, short to 

basal longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 

1 If ). 

MACROHAIRS.--NOT)C Seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/ 

intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 12a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or 1 near 

end, globose, uniform. Cells sometimes raised 

near one end. Cells often collapsed forming a 

mid-longitudinal ridge along the cell (Plate 12c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None or 1 near end, globose, uniform. Cells 

often deflated forming mid-longitudinal ridge 

along cell (Plate 12c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common to abundant; costal and 

intercostal prickles (Plate 12c). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary (?), paired, 3- 

5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 12d, 

SILICA BODIEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave to straight, middle wide, short, 

or sometimes widely saddle-shaped; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 12d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short or basal longer, 

apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 12f ). 

el. 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne Seen. 

Bewsiu bifloru (Hackel) Goosens 

PLATES 13- 14 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 1 stomatal 

band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Intercostal 

zone very narrow and grooved. Stomata difficult 

to detect (Plate 13a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 13c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised (?). Papillae: None seen (Plate 13e). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

13d). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary or paired. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 13dSILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell; intercostal 

cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends concave to straight, 

middle long, narrow or short, wide (Plate 13df ). 

f >. 

MIcRoHArRs.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

2 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome; 

stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 2 rows/band 

(Plate 14b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; outline of walls not discernable because of 

wax. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row or irregular, globose, uniform (Plate 14c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

outline of walls indeterminable because of wax. 

Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row or irregular, 

globose, uniform (Plate 14c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

14d). 
NUMBER 55 7 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI %/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 14d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded to straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 14d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex tapered. Microhairs 

located on veins (Plate 14f). 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 14a). 

Coelachyrum longiglume Napper 

PLATES 15- 16 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome; distribution 

indeterminable because intercostal zone not 

clearly defined (Plate 15a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: l/cell or sometimes none or 

sometimes end of cell slightly raised, globose, 

variable. Papilla located near one end of cell 

(Plate 15c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: l/cell, sometimes none or sometimes end of cell slightly raised, globose, variable. 

Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 15c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 

15a). 

SHORT CELLS.-coStaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary or paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent (Plate 15d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, short; intercostal 

cross-shaped (Plate 15d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded. 

Mainly in marginal area (Plate 15f). 

M ACROHAIRS. - None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1-3 rows/band (Plate 16a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; nonsinuous. Papillae: 1 /cell, 

globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end 

of cell (Plate 16c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous to slightly sinuous. Papillae: l/cell, 

globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end 

of cell, often deflated (Plate 16d). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT cELLS.-costal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 16e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped to crossshaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 1 6e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; twocelled; basal and apical equal in length, short; 

apex rounded (Plate 16f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Cypholepis yemenica (Schweinfurth) 

Chiovenda 

PLAT= 17- 18 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ 

band (Plate 17b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or sometimes l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

1 or sometimes none/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 17d). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 

17e). 

17c). 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 174 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ saddle-shaped, crossshaped; intercostal saddle-shaped (Plate 17a,dlf). 

MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal and 

apical cells often deflated (Plate 17f). 

d&). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to highdome; 2 stomata1 bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ 

band (Plate 18b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Cells 

often deflated (Plate 18c,e). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; outline of walls indeterminable. 

Papillae: None seen. Cells often deflated (Plate 

18c,e). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

18a,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row, 3-5/row, 

paired; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 18d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal widely saddle-shaped, 

cross-shaped, nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, 

middle wide, short. Saddle-shaped silica bodies 

have lateral knobs (Plate 18d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal and 

apical cells usually deflated (Plate 18f). 

MACROHAIRK-None seen. 

Dactyloctenium giganteum Fisher and 

Schweickerdt 

PLATES 19-20 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome or sometimes triangular; 2 or sometimes 4 bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 

19a,b,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular or 

sometimes pentagonal; ends slightly concave; 

outline of walls not discernable because of collapsed cells. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. 

Papillae usually deflated (Plate 19c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular or sometimes pentagonal; outline of walls not discernable because 

of collapsed cells. Papillae: Usually l/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae usually deflated (Plate 

19d). 

PRICKLES.-NOne seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-costal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 19c,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 19e,f). 

MIcRoHA1Rs.-Abundant; one-celled. Walls 

of collapsed, adjacent, long cells form a circular 

ridge at the base (Plate 19f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-hfreqUent; triangular; distribution indeterminable. Stomata seen only near midvein, possibly others sunken in grooves (Plate 

2 0 b ,c) . 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen. Cells often deflated (Plate 20c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen. Cells often deflated 

(Plate 20c,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >?)/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 20a,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal saddle-shaped, sometimes with lateral knobs; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 20e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; one-celled. Walls of 
NUMBER 55 9 

collapsed, adjacent, long cells form a circular 

ridge at the base (Plate 20f). 

M ACROHAIRS. -None seen. 

Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panzer 

PLATES 2 1-22 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ 

band. Single papilla (often deflated) on each subsidiary cell (Plate 21a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to 

markedly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: 1/ 

cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell (Plate 2 Ic). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform 

or sometimes rectangular; slightly sinuous. Papillae: l /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 2 la,c). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles and intercostal hooks (Plate 2 Id). 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork cells papillate (Plate 2 Ic,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 21e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell 

usually deflated (Plate 2 If). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band. Single 

papilla (often deflated) on each subsidiary cell 

(Plate 22a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell 

(Plate 22c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

slightly sinuous. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 

22a,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-~ommon; costal prickles and intercostal hooks (Plate 22d,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >!)/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 22e). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded or sometimes with knob on end, middle 

wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 22e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; twocelled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex rounded 

(Plate 22f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Diplachne fusca (Linnaeus) Stapf 

PLATES 23-24 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome 

or sometimes triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Intercostal zone very 

narrow (Plate 23b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to sometimes rectangular; straight to convex; outline of 

walls not discernable. Papillae: l/cell, elongate, 

uniform (Plate 23b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; outline of walls 

not discernable. Papillae: l/cell, elongate, uniform (Plate 23c,e). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

23d). 

SHORT CELLS.-coStal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork cells usually papillate (Plate 23a,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped or 

sometimes cross-shaped; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 23c,e). 

MrcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 23f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; triangular to highdome; 2 or sometimes 1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 24a,6). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; outline of walls 

not discernable. Papillae: 1 /cell, elongate, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 

24b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; outline of walls 

not discernable. Papillae: l/cell, elongate, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 

24c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

24c). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork cells papillate (Plate 24d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 24d,e). 

MrcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 24f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Drake-Brockmania haareri (Stapf and 

Hubbard) S.M. Phillips 

PLATES 25-26 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-None seen. Intercostal zone narrow, grooved, overarched by papillae (Plate 25aLONG CELLs.-Rectangular or occasionally 

long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised 0). Papillae: 1 /cell, elongate, 

uniform (Plate 256,d). 

4 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal and 

intercostal abundant. Cork cells papillate (Plate 

2 5c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, sometimes rounded or occasionally 

lobed, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 25e). 

MICROHAIRS.-None seen. May be obscured 

in grooves or by papillae. 

MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 25a,f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-None seen. 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; slightly sinuous or often appearing nonsinuous because of collapsed cells. Papillae: l/cell, globose to elongate, uniform. Usually collapsed perhaps because thin-walled (Plate 

266). 

PRICKLES.-cOmmOn; costal prickles (Plate 

26c). 

SHORT CELLS.-coStal >5/ro\v; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent to common. 

Cork cells papillate (Plate 26d). 

SILICA BODIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded or sometimes lobed, middle wide, short; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 26d). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded 0). Apical 

cell usually deflated (Plate 26e). 

MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 26aJ). 

EEeusinefloccijXia (Forskal) Sprengel 

PLATES 27-28 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 1 stomata] 

band/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ 

band (Plate 27a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 
NUMBER 55 11 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to 

markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. There are sometimes two interstomatal cells between stomata 

(Plate 27c,e). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 27c,d). 

PRrCKLEs. - N one seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

and intercostal common (Plate 27c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ tall and narrow to saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 27d). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; one-celled. Microhairs usually collapsed (Plate 27f). 

MACROHAIRS.-XOne Seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 rowlband. Subsidiary 

cells usually collapsed (Plate 28a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex, slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Cells often raised on one end appearing papillate or 

sometimes collapsed. There are sometimes two 

interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 28c,e). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen or one near end of 

cell. Outline of ~\.alls in intercostal area indeterminable because of collapsed cells (Plate 28a ,c,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles 

(Plate 28e). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary (cork cells 

only), >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 

28d ,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal nodular, saddleshaped with lateral knobs, dumbbell, ends concave or lobed, middle narrow, long to short; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 28d). 

MICROHAIRs.-common; one-celled. Microhairs often collapsed (Plate 28f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor 

PLATES 29-30 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-None seen. Intercostal zone very 

narrow, grooved. Not possible to determine if 

stomata present (Plate 29a,b). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 29b,c). 

PRICKLES.-NOne seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 29a,b,d). 

SILICA BODIES.-costa~ saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 29d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 29cf). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ 

band (Plate 30a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, uniform (Plate 30b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

3 or more/cell, single row, globose, uniform. In 

mid-intercostal region, nonpapillate long cells appear fused and form a single or double ridge 

(Plate 30a,c,d). 

PRICKLES.-cOmmOn; costal or sometimes intercostal prickles (Plate 30f). 

SHORT cELLS.-costal>5/row; intercostal not 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 30d). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-Costal narrowly saddleshaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 30d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 30e). 

MACROHAIRS.-common (abundant near 

margin); intercostal; basal cells markedly raised. 

Located on mid-intercostal ridge (Plate 30f). 

Erugrostis mueilentu (A. Richard) Steudel 

PLATES 31-32 

A B A x I A L 

STOMATA.-common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 31a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 3 l b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen. The long cell adjacent to stoma often 

has a raised area opposite the stoma (Plate 3 1 c,d). 

PRICKLES.-NOne seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ 

row, >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common 

(Plate 3 1 d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped or 

sometimes cross-shaped or dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 3 1 e). 

MrCROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 3 If). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToh.iATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 32b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-LOng, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 32b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen. The long cell adjacent to stoma often 

has a raised area opposite the stoma (Plate 

32a,c,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 32d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ 

row, >5/row; intercostal solitary (mainly marginal). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 32d,e). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costal cross-shaped or dumbbell, ends concave or straight, middle wide, short 

or sometimes saddle-shaped; intercostal crossshaped (Plate 32d,e). 

MICROHAIRK-Infrequent to common; twocelled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex rounded 

(Plate 32f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Hulopyrum mucronatum (Linnaeus) Stapf 

PLATES 33-34 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-stomata obscured in grooves and 

by overarching papillae, features not discernable 

(Plate 33a-c). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 33d). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal and intercostal solitary. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork 

Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Difficult to 

distinguish silica cells from cork cells and costal 

regions from intercostal (Plate 33e,f). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal square 

to saddle-shaped (Plate 33e,f). 

MICROHAIRs.-hone seen. May be obscured 

in grooves (Plate 33c). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 
NUMBER 55 

AD AXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; distribution indeterminable because stomata often obscured in grooves and 

overarched by papillae (Plate 34a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; nonsinuous (?). Papillae: l/cell, 

globose to elongate, uniform (Plate 34b). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, 

width uniform; nonsinuous (?). Papillae: 1 /cell, 

globose to elongate, uniform (Plate 34c). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles and 

short macrohairs (Plate 34d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal and intercostal solitary. 

Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork 

Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork cells 

papillate (Plate 34e,f). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costa~ and intercostal square 

to saddle-shaped (Plate 34e,f). 

MICROHAIRS.-None seen. Perhaps obscured 

by papillae (Plate 34c). 

MACROHAIRS.-see Prickles. 

Harpachne schimperi A. Richard 

PLATES 35-36 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1 row/band (Plate 35a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly or 

sometimes slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 35c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

35d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired or sometimes 

solitary, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 

35e). 

35c). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; 

costal not seen (Plate 35e). 

and apical equal in length, medium; 

MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; two-celled; 

13 

interbasal 

apex 

rounded. Basalcell tapered-to base (Plate 35f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

AD AX I A L 

SToMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 36a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 

seen (Plate 36b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 36b,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common to abundant; costal prickles (Plate 36d). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row or sometimes 

paired, solitary (cork cells only); intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 36d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ saddle-shaped, crossshaped, dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, 

short; intercostal not seen (Plate 36d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal cell 

tapered at base (Plate 36f). 

MACROHAIRS-None seen. 

Leptocarydion vulpiastrum (De Notaris) Stapf 

PLATES 37-38 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone; 1 to 2 

rows/band (Plate 37a,b,d). 

JNTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 to 2/cell, globose, 

variable. Occasionally there are 2 interstomatal 

cells between stomata (Plate 37c,d). 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

LONG CELLS.-sqUare to rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1, 2, 

or 3 or more/cell, single row, globose, variable 

(Plate 37b,c). 

PRICKLES.-common; costal or sometimes intercostal prickles (Plate 37a,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 

37d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 37d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-COmmOn; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell 

usually deflated (Plate 37f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome or sometimes triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal 

zone; 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 38aJ). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 to 2/cell, globose, variable 

(Plate 38c,d). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/ 

cell, single row, globose, variable. Mid-intercostal 

cells are collapsed forming a distinct band (Plate 

38a,c). 

PRICKLES. -None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 

3 8 d ,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight or sometimes rounded; middle wide, 

short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 38e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Usually 

located on veins (Plate 38f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Leptochlos obtusijlora Hochstetter 

PLATES 39-40 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ 

band (Plate 39b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 39b). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None or sometimes l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 39c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

39b,c,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 39d ,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 39a,d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-COmmOn to abundant; twocelled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded. Microhairs located on vein or immediately adjacent to vein (Plate 39f). 

MACROHAIRS.-&OnC seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn (?); low-dome to triangular; 2 (?) stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 (?) 

row/band. Stomata sunken in grooves and obscure except near margin. Intercostal zones very 

narrow (Plate 40a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave, markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 40c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell or sometimes none, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 40c,d). 
NUMBER 55 15 

PRIcKLEs.-Common to abundant; costal prickles (Plate 40d,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary (usually cork cell), paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 40c,e,f). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 40c,e,f). 

MICROHAIRS.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

Lintonia nutans Stapf 

PLATES 41-42 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 41a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. 

Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 41 c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of 

cell (Plate 41c,d). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal only. 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common (Plate 4 1 d,e). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 41 d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-COmmOn; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length (?), short; apex 

rounded 0); apical cell usually deflated (Plate 

41f 1. 

hfACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

AD AX I A L 

STOMATA.-common to abundant; triangular 

to high-dome; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 42b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papilla when present near one end of 

cell (Plate 42c,e). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, uniform. Long cells often very wide especially in 

mid-intercostal zone (Plate 42a,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 42d). 

SHORT CELLS.-COStal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 42c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped, sometimes with a single lateral knob on each side; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 42d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~omnlon; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 42f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Odyssea paucinerois (Nees) Stapf 

PLATES 43-44 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Frequency, subsidiary cell shape, 

and distribution indeterminable because of abundance of overarching papillae (Plate 43a,b). 

LONG CELLS.-square to rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 /cell 

(?), globose, uniform (Plate 43c). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent. Intercostal cork cells papillate (Plate 

43d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 43d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-None seen. May be difficult to 

distinguish from papillae. 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

~AcRoHAIRs.-~ommon to abundant; intercostal; basal cells markedly raised, raised more 

on one side than the other (Plate 43f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-common; low-dome to triangular 

(?); distribution indeterminable because of overarching papillae (Plate 44b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell 

(Plate 44b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Square to rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1/ 

cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell (Plate 44d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork cells often papillate (Plate 

44d ,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 44e). 

MICRoHAIRs.--hTone seen. May be difficult to 

distinguish from papillae. 

MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal 

cells absent (Plate 44a, f ). 

44f ). 

Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roemer and Schultes) 

Pilger 

PLATES 45-46 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1 row/band. Intercostal zone very narrow and 

grooved with stomata on sides of groove (Plate 

45a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 45c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 45c). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI solitary, paired, 3-5/ 

row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal and intercostal common (Plate 45d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 45d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, medium; apex 

rounded. Microhairs occur in intercostal groove. 

Basal cell tapered to base (Plate 45c,f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 46aINTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Cell has 

a ridged and folded appearance with edges adjacent to stoma raised (Plate 466,~). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 46c,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

46d). 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI solitary, paired, 3-51 

row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 46ce). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 46c-e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, medium; apex 

rounded (Plate 46f). 

c). 

MACROHAIRS-None seen. 
NUMBER 55 17 

Pogoneura bijlora Napper 

PLATES 47-48 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 2 Stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band. Intercostal zone fairly narrow (Plate 47b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular or 

sometimes square or long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

47b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None or sometimes a hint of single row, globose, 

uniform (Plate 47b-d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal only. Large, 

straight, stiff prickles or short macrohairs (Plate 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork cells papillate (Plate 47d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 47a,d). 

MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Microhair 

tapered to base (Plate 47e). 

47f ). 

M ACROHAIRS. -see Prickles. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 

rows/band (Plate 48b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: 2, 3, or more/cell, single row, pairs, irregular, globose, uniform (Plate 48c,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

slightly sinuous. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single 

row, globose, uniform (Plate 48c,d). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles, marginal large, straight, stiff prickles or short macrohairs (Plate 48a,d, Plate 47f). 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen. Some cork cells 

papillate (Plate 48c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 48c-e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Microhairs 

tapered at base, often located on or adjacent to 

veins (Plate 48e,f). 

MACROHAIRS.-see Prickles. 

Psilolemma jaegeri (Pilger) S.M. Phillips 

PLATES 49-50 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Stomata are 

slightly depressed below the level of the long 

cells (Plate 49a-d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

49c,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 49c). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 49d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 49d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; twocelled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex rounded 

(Plate 49f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

ADAXIAL 

~TOMATA.-~ommon; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Intercostal 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

zone very narrow (Plate 50a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, elongate, 

variable. Papilla located near one end of cell and 

often overarching stoma (Plate 50b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

1, 2, 3 or more/cell (?), irregular, globose, variable (Plate 50a-c). 

PRICKLES.-common; costal short macrohairs 

(Plate 5Od). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal solitary, paired; intercostal solitary, paired (?). Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent (?). Cork Cells: Costal 

common; intercostal infrequent (?) (Plate 50e,f). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped, square, 

or sometimes tall and narrow; intercostal square 

(?), saddle-shaped (?) (Plate 50e,f). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~one seen. May be obscured 

by or mistaken for papillae. 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Trichoneura ciliata (Peter) S.M. Phillips 

PLATES 51-52 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOIl; low-dome; 2 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Intercostal 

zone very narrow, grooved (Plate 5la,b,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, 

globose, uniform. Papilla small and located near 

one end of cell (Plate 5 1 c,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 51d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles, intercostal hooks (Plate 5 1 c,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 51e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded to straight or sometimes knobbed, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 5 1 e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 5 If). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band. Intercostal zones very narrow, grooved (Plate 52a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen 

(Plate 52c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 52d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles; intercostal hooks. Some of the costal prickles are 

straight (Plate 52d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 52e). 

SILICA BODIES.-costal and intercostal dumbbell; ends rounded to straight or sometimes 

knobbed; middle wide, short (Plate 52e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 52f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Tripogon major Hook f. 

PLATES 53-54 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Infrequent, low-dome to triangular, 1 (?) stornatal band/intercostal zone, 1 (?) 

row/band. Stomata obscure, sunken in grooves 

(Plate 53a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 
NUMBER 55 19 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 53c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly. sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 53~4). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles 

only (Plate 53e). 

SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal infrequent (Plate 53a,c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 53d,f). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

two-celled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded (Plate 53f). 

MACROHAIRS.--r\ione seen. 

ADAXIAL 

times 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 

sometinies 2 rows/band (Plate 54b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, variable (Plate 54c,d). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, variable (Plate 54c,d). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

54e). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >5/rowr; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Bodies: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork cells papillate (Plate 54d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped. Often with lateral knobs (Plate 54d,e). 

MrcRoHA1Rs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 54e). 

MAcRoHAms.-Common; intercostal; raised 

basal cells absent. Shaft of macrohair twisted 

giving the appearance of a double helix (Plate 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 1 or some54a, f ). 

Tribe CHLORIDEAE 

Brachyachne fulva Stapf 

PLATES 55-56 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn to abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 55a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 55c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 55a,c,e). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal and 

intercostal abundant (Plate 55d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costa~ saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 55d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; one-celled (Plate 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

55f ). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 

rows/band (Plate 56a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Long, narrow, 

width uniform; ends slightly concave (?); outline 

of walls indeterminable. Papillae: 3 or niore/cell, 

irregular to almost in two rows, globose, uniform 

(Plate 56c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

outline of walls indeterminable. Papillae: 3 or 

more/cell, irregular, globose, uniform (Plate 

56b,c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 56d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common to abundant 

(Plate 56e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 56e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon to abundant; onecelled. Papillate cells form ring at base of microhair (Plate 56f). 

MACRoHAIRs.--hTone seen. 

Chloris virgata Swartz 

PLATES 57-58 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 or sometimes 1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 1, 2, or 

sometimes 4 rows/band (Plate 57a,b,e). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-square to rectangular; ends straight to convex or slightly concave; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell (Plate 57c,e). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell. Outline of walls 

discernable mainly in marginal areas (Plate 57dPRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 

SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent, marginal only. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal abundant. Cork cells usually papillate (Plate 57c,e,f). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal saddle-shaped, in marginal area only (Plate 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent (?); one-celled. The 

one-celled, spherical microhair apparently thinwalled, usually deflated and hard to distinguish 

from papilla (Plate 57d). 

f 1. 

57c). 

57CAf 1. 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome or sometimes triangular; distribution indeterminable because of infrequent occurrence of stomata. Stomata abundant near margin (Plate 58b;f). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex or sometimes slightly concave; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen or sometimes 1 near end of cell, 

globose, uniform (Plate 58b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; nonsinuous to markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

58c). 

PRrcKLEs.-~ommon; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 58a,c). 

SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common to abundant 

(Plate 5Sd,e). 

SILICA BODIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 58d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; one-celled. Spherical cell usually deflated (Plate 58f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Ch ysochloa orientalis (C.E. Hubbard) Swallen 

PLATES 59-60 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 4 or 1 (marginal and midvein area) stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

59a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, 

uniform. Nonpapillate in marginal areas and 

near midvein. Papilla usually near one end of cell 

(Plate 59b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 
NUMBER 55 21 

raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 

59a,b). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal only. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal andintercostal abundant. Intercostal cork 

cells papillate (Plate 59b,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 59d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; one-celled (Plate 

59f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 5 to 6 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 

60a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; outline of walls not discernable 

because of wax. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla usually located near one end of cell 

(Plate 60c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; outline of walls 

not discernable because of wax. Papillae: l/cell, 

globose, uniform. Papilla usually located near 

one end of cell (Plate 60c). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen, 

SHORT CELLS.-costaI >!?)/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only) paired. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal 

and intercostal abundant. Intercostal cork cells 

papillate (Plate 60c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshape (Plate 60d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent to common; onecelled (Plate 60f ). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Ctenium somalense (Chiovenda) Chiovenda 

PLATES 61-62 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome 

to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 

1 or 2 rows/band. Stomata usually sunken in 

intercostal groove (Plate 6 la-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

sometimes long, narrow, width uniform; ends 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, pairs or sometimes irregular, globose, variable. A pair of papillae is usually located on each end of the interstomatal cell (Plate 61c,e). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row to 

irregular, globose, variable. Costal long cells 

sometimes without papillae (Plate 6 la,c,d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 61a,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal solitary, paired, 3-5/ 

row, >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 61c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends 

straight to concave, middle narrow, long to short 

(Plate 61d). 

MIcRoHArRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell 

often and basal cell sometimes deflated (Plate 

Slf ). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ 

band. Stomata usually sunken in intercostal 

grooves (Plate 62a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 62b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None or sometimes 3 or more/cell, irregular, 

globose, uniform. Papillae found on only a few 

intercostal long cells (Plate 62c, f ). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 62a,d). 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen: Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 62d,e). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-costal dumbbell, ends concave to straight, middle narrow, long; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 62d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Apical cell 

deflated (Plate 62f). 

MACROHAIRS-None seen. 

Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schumann) Pilger 

PLATES 63-64 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal 

zone, 1 row/band. Stomata often obscured in 

grooves (Plate 63b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; 

slightly concave; outline of walls not discernable 

because of wax. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform 

(Plate 63b). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; outline of walls not discernable 

because of wax. Papillae: l/cell, globose to elongate, uniform (Plate 63a,c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal and occasionally 

intercostal prickles (Plate 63b,c). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-51 

row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 63c). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 63c). 

MICROHAIRS.-COmmOn; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 63d). 

MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 63e,f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular, 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ 

band. Stomata often obscured in grooves (Plate 

64 b ,c) . 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex or slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla usually located near one 

end of cell. Papillae small, warty near margin 

(Plate 64b). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla usually located near one 

end of cell. Papillae small, warty near margin 

(Plate 64b,c). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

64c). 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Intercostal and some costal cork 

cells papillate (Plate 64d,f). 

SILICA BoD~~s.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 64d). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 64e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent to common; intercostal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 64a,f). 

Daknopholis boivinii (A. Camus) W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 65-66 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 2 (?) rows/ 

band. Some stomata obscured in grooves and 

distribution difficult to determine (Plate 65b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row, globose, 

uniform (Plate 65b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row, globose, uniform (Plate 65c). 
NUMBER 55 23 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal pickles on midvein and margin (Plate 65a). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent to common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent to common. 

Cork cells papillate (Plate 65b,d,e). 

SILICA BODIES.-costal saddle-shaped, crossshaped; intercostal saddle-shaped to narrowly 

cross-shaped (Plate 65b,d,e). 

~ICRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 63f). 

MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangular; 2 (?) stomata1 bands/intercostal zone, 1 (?) 

row/band (Plate 66b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to 

markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row, 

globose, uniform (Plate 66b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 3 or more/ 

cell, single row, globose, uniform (Plate 66a,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal only. 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common. Cork cells often 

papillate (Plate 66c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped, crossshaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 66d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 66f). 

MACROHAIRS.--NOne seen. 

Enteropogon macrostachyus (A. Richard) 

Bentham 

PLATES 67-68 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 1 stomatal band/intercostal 

zone, 2 rows/band. Stomata sometimes slightly 

obscured by papillae of surrounding long cells 

(Plate 67b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform (Plate 67c). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 67d,f). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

67d). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal >!)/row or sometimes 

solitary, paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. 

Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 67a,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal narrowly saddleshaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 67e). 

MICROHAIRS.-COmmOn; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 67f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular or sometimes low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal 

zone, 2 rows/band (Plate 68b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 68c). 

LONG CELLS.-LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell (Plate 68c,d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

68a,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >!)/row; intercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal common (Plate 68d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal narrowly saddleshaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 68e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 68f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Eustachys paspaloides (Vahl) Lanza and Mattei 

PLATES 69-70 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 stomatal band/intercostal zone, 3 or 4 

rows/band. Subsidiary cell somewhat obscured 

by wax (Plate 69a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex; outline of walls not discernable because of wax. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 69b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 

69c). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

69a,c). 

SHORT CELLS.-CostaI 3-5/row, >!)/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 69c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped sometimes narrowly so; intercostal not seen (Plate 

69d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 69e). 

MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised-usually on one side of 

base only (Plate 69f). 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.--Infrequent to common; lowdome or sometimes triangular; 1 stomatal band/ 

intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 70a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: None seen (Plate 70b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 70a). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal and marginal 

prickles (Plate 70d,e). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOStal >5/row or sometimes 

3-5/row, paired; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 70a, 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; interMICROHAIRS.-None seen. 

f 1. 

costal not seen (Plate 70f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Microchloa kunthii Desvaux 

PLATES 71-72 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 1 or 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 

row/band. Subsidiary cells often collapsed (Plate 

7 la, b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex, slightly concave, markedly concave; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 71b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None to 3 or more/cell, irregular, globose, variable. Papillae very small (Plate 

71c). 

PRICKLES.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal 

solitary or sometimes paired. Silica Cells: Costal 

and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 7 lc-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal crenate-vertical or narrowly saddle-shaped 

(Plate 71c-e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; one-celled; cells surrounding microhair often raised. Cell often missing or collapsed with only the surrounding basal 

cells evident (Plate 7 If). 

MACROHAIRS. -None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular: distribution indeterminable because costal 
NUMBER 55 25 

zones not clear. Subsidiary cells often papillate 

(Plate 72a-c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: 3 or more/cell, single row or irregular, 

globose, uniform. Interstomatal cells near margin have no papillae (Plate 72c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

3 or more/cell; single row or irregular, globose, 

uniform. Long cells near margin have no papillae 

(Plate 72b,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles 

only. 

SHORT CELLS.-Costa1 >5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant (?); intercostal not seen. Costal silica cells alternate with 

cells that are collapsed and usually papillate, and 

it is not clear if these are cork cells (Plate 72c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped and 

cross-shaped; intercostal crenate-vertical, saddleshaped, and cross-shaped (Plate 72c,d). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; one-celled; cells surrounding microhair often raised (Plate 72e). 

MACROHAIRS.-InfreqUent; basal cells slightly 

raised; macrohairs very long and twisted giving 

the appearance of a double-helix (Plate 72f). 

Oropetium cupense Stapf 

PLATES 73-74 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 1 stomata] 

band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 73a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 73b,c). 

LONG CEtLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 73b,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal only. 

SHORT CELLS.-cOsta~>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 73d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped, some 

with lateral knobs; intercostal not seen (Plate 

73d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; one-celled (Plate 

73e). 

MACROHAIRS-Infrequent; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 73c,f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stomata] 

band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 74b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.--Square to rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1, 2, 3, or more/ 

cell, single row, globose, uniform (Plate 74b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

3 or more/cell, single row, globose, variable 

(Plate 74b,c). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; marginal prickles, 

short macrohairs (Plate 74a,c). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOstal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 74d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ saddle-shaped, square; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 74d). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short or basal slightly 

longer than apical; apex rounded (Plate 74e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal 

cells slightly raised (Plate 74f). 

Rendliu ulteru (Rendle) Chiovenda 

PLATES 75-76 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 stomata] 

band/intercostal zone, 2 or 3 rows/band (Plate 

7 5a, b). 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex, markedly concave; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 

756). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 75c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 75d). 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 7%-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 75c-e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; one-celled (Plate 

75f ). 

MAcR0HA1Rs. -None Seen. 

AD AXIAL 

STOMATA.-NOne seen. 

LONG CELLS.-LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 766). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 

76c). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 76d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 76a,d). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; one-celled (Plate 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

764- 1. 

Schoenefeldia transiens (Pilger) Chiovenda 

PLATES 77-78 

ABAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 2 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

77b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-square, rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly 

concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. 

Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 77c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 77c). 

PRICKLES.-common; costal and occasionally 

intercostal prickles (Plate 77a,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-costal >?)/row; intercostal 

solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal infrequent (Plate 77c,e,f). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 77e,f). 

MICROHAIRS.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS.-None Seen. 

AD AXIAL 

STOMATA.-common; triangular; 2 stornatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

7 8 b ,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 78c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 78a,c). 

PRICKLEs.-~ommon; costal and intercostal 

prickles (Plate 78d). 

SHORT CELLS.-costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary and seen only in marginal area. 

Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

infrequent (Plate 78e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal; saddle-shaped; intercostal saddle-shaped or sometimes cross-shaped 

(Plate 78e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 78f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 
NUMBER 55 27 

Tetrapogon tenellus (Roxburgh) Chiovenda 

PLATES 79-80 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rowslband. Stomata often more or less obscured in grooves 

(Plate 7964). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex to slightly concave; markedly 

sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of 

cell (Plate 79c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 79c). 

PRIcKms.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

79a,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not 

seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 

seen (Plate 79c-e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 79c-e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 79f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

AD AXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 

80a, b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located 

near one end of cell (Plate 80c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell. Intercostal zones narrow and often 

forming a groove (Plate 80a,d). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles and intercostal hooks (Plate 80a,d). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >!?/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells often 

papillate with papillae usually deflated (Plate 80d, 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 80d,e). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 80f). 

e). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

Tribe SPOROBOLEAE 

Crypsis schoenoides (Linnaeus) Lamarck 

PLATES 81-82 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 8 la, 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Cell slightly 

raised, especially evident in side view (Plate 8 Ic). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen. Long cells adjacent 

to stomata with raised area opposite the stoma 

(Plate 8 1 b-d). 

b). 

PRIcKLEs.--None seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row or sometimes 

solitary; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 81 c, 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped or 

sometimes dumbbell, ends rounded to straight, 

middle wide, short; intercostal saddle-shaped 

(Plate 8 I c,d). 

MICROHAIRS.-cOmnlOn; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded, usually deflated (Plate 8 le). 

4. 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

MACROHAIRs.-common; intercostal; basal 

cells markedly raised (Plate 8 1 f ). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 82a, 

I NTERSTOMATAL CELLS. - Rectangular; 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen. Cell slightly raised 

especially when seen in side view (Plate 82c). 

LONG CELLS.-LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 82d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles and 

short macrohairs (Plate 82a). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ 

row, >!)/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 82a, 

SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends rounded to straight, middle wide, 

short; intercostal not seen (Plate 82a,d). 

MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded, usually deflated (Plate 82e). 

MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal (Plate 

b). 

4. 

82f ). 

Sporobolus afiiicanus (Poiret) Robyns and 

Tournay 

PLATES 83-84 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 stomatal 

band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Intercostal 

zone very narrow (Plate 83b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 83c). 

LONG CELLS.-LOng, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 83d). 

PRIcKLEs.-None seen. 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal common (Plate 83d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal shape 

variable ranging from round to square to elliptical to crescent-shaped to saddle-shaped (Plate 

8 3a ,d ,e) . MICROHAIRS.-common; one-celled (Plate 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 

83f ). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-common; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/iritercostal zone, 1 row/ 

band (Plate 84a,b). 

~NTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l /cell except marginal interstomatals 

which lack papillae, globose, uniform. The papillae are very small and are located at the end 

of the cell. There are usually two interstomatal 

cells between adjacent stomata (Plate 84b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one 

end of cell (Plate 84c,d). 

PRICKLES.-~ommon; costal prickles (Plate 

84d). 

SHORT CELLS.-cOSta~ solitary, paired, 3-5/ 

row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: 

Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 84e). 

SILICA BoDrEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded to straight, middle wide, short or sometimes nodular; intercostal not seen (Plate 84e). 

MICROHAIRS.-None seen. 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal 

cells slightly raised (Plate 84f ). 
NUMBER 55 29 

Tribe LEPTUREAE 

Lepturus repens (G. Forster) R. Brown 

PLATES 85-86 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-common; triangular; 2 stomata1 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Shape of 

subsidiary cell often obscured by wax (Plate 85a, 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to 

long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 

convex; outline of walls indeterminable because 

of wax. Papillae: 2, 3, or.more/cell, single row, 

globose, variable (Plate 85c). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

outline of rvalls indeterminable. Papillae: 3 or 

niore/cell, single row, globose, variable. Papillae 

are compound, doubly papillate (Plate 85a,c,d). 

PRICKLEs.-~omnion; costal prickles (Plate 

85d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork cells papillate (Plate 85a,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal and intercostal narrowly saddle-shaped (Plate 85d,e). 

h'fIcRoHAIRs.-Conlmon; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short, or basal longer, 

apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 85f). 

b). 

MACROHAIRS.-h'One Seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Frequency indeterminable because wax and papillae obscure stomata; triangular (?); distribution indeterminable (Plate 86b). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

outline of walls indeterminable. Papillae: 3 or 

more/cell, single row, globose, variable. Papillae 

often compound, doubly or sometimes triply papillate (Plate 86c,d,f). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common to abundant; costal 

prickles (Plate 86a,c). 

SHORT CELLs.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal 

paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

common. Cork cells papillate (Plate 86d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ and intercostal saddleshaped (Plate 86d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent (?); two-celled; 

basal longer, apical shorter (?); apex rounded (?). 

Only one microhair observed. It is difficult to 

distinguish between microhairs and papillae 

(Plate 86f). 

MACROHAIRS.--None seen. 

Tribe ZOYSIEAE 

Dignathia gracilis Stapf 

PLATES 87-88 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 1 Stomata1 

band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 876,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papilla often located near one end of 

cell (Plate 87c,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla often located near one end of cell 

(Plate 87a,d). 

PRIcKLEs.-Conimon; costal prickles (Plate 

87d). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 87d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends 

straight or sometimes rounded, middle narrow, 

long and short; intercostal not seen (Plate 87e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal and 

apical cells often collapsed (Plate 87f). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stomatal 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ 

band (Plate 88b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell 

(Plate 886,~). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

M.i d t h uniform ; marked 1 y sin u o u s , inter 1 o c k i n g , 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell. Long cells in midintercostal region deflated, features indistinct 

(Plate 88a,c). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

88a). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal %?)/row, >5/row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 88c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight to rounded, middle narrow, long; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 88c,d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal and 

apical cells often collapsed. Microhairs often located on veins (Plate 88e). 

MAcRoHArRs.-Common; intercostal; basal 

cells slightly raised (Plate 88f). 

Farrago racemosa W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 89-90 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-commOn (?); low-dome or sometimes triangular; 1 (?) stomatal band/intercostal 

zone, 1 (?) row/band. Intercostal zone very narrow; distribution difficult to determine (Plate 

89 b ,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

straight to convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 89b,c,e). 

LONG CELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 

markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 

None seen (Plate 89a,c,e). 

PRIcKLEs.-hone seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal %/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 89d,e). 

SILICA BODIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded or sometimes with knob on end, middle 

long, narrow (Plate 89d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(Plate 89f). 

MACROHAIRS.--NOne Seen. 

ADAXIAL 

SToMATA.-Abundant; low-dome or triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 90b,c,e). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends slightly or sometimes markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 90a,c,e). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 90e). 

PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

90c). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 90d,e). 

SILICA BODIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle t$.ide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 90d). 

~ICROHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal 

and apical equal in length, short; apex rounded 

(?). Apical cell usually deflated (Plate 9Of). 

MACROHAIRS.-None seen. 
NUMBER 55 31 

Leptothrium senegalensis (Kunth) 

W.D. Clayton 

PLATES 91-92 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 1 stomata] 

band/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ 

band. Intercostal zones very narrow (Plate 91aJNTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 91c). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 91b-d). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

91d). 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 

intercostal not seen (Plate 91e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 91e). 

MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; twocelled; basal longer, apical shorter; apex 

rounded. Apical and basal cells often deflated 

(Plate 91f). 

c). 

MACROHAIRS. -None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 2 Stomata1 

bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ 

band (Plate 92a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square, rectangular; ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell (Plate 

92b). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 92c,d). 

PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 

92c). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 

abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 92d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal crossshaped or dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, 

short (Plate 92d,e). 

h'lIcRoHAIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Microhairs 

often located on vein (Plate 92f). 

M ACROHAIRS. -y One Seen. 

Perotis patens Gandoger 

PLATES 93-94 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn to abundant; low-dome 

or sometimes triangular; 1 stomata1 band/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 

93a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised 0). Papillae: None seen. Cell raised (Plate 

9 3 b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform 

(?); markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Features hard to determine 

because of collapsed cells (Plate 93c,d). 

PRICKLES.-NOne seen. 

SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 93a,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight or sometimes rounded, middle wide, 

short; intercostal not seen (Plate 93d,e). 

M1cR0H~1Rs. - I n frequen t ; two-cel led; basal 

and apical equal, short; apex rounded. Apical cell 
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

often deflated. Raised cells at base of microhair 

(Plate 93e). 

MAcRoHAms.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

raised basal cells absent (Plate 93f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangular; 2 stomata1 bands /intercostal zone, 1 or 2 

rows/band (Plate 94b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None 

seen. Cells often collapsed (Plate 94b,c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform 0); slightly sinuous (?). Papillae: 

None seen. Features hard to determine because 

of collapsed cells (Plate 94c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate 

94a,c). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 94d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen 

(Plate 94d). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Often located on vein (Plate 94a,e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

raised basal cells absent (Plate 94f). 

Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiovenda 

PLATES 95-96 

ABAXIAL 

STOMATA.-conlmon; triangular; 1 stomatal 

band/intercostal zone, 1 rowlband (Plate 95b,d). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 95b,d). 

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 

width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: None or often l/cell, globose, 

uniform (Plate 95c,d). 

PRIcKms.--Comnion; costal prickles (Plate 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ 

row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: 

Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 

9 5a,d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

rounded, middle wide or narrow, long or short; 

intercostal cross-shaped to dumbbell, ends 

rounded, middle Jjide, short (Plate 95d,e). 

MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal and 

apical cells often deflated (Plate 95f). 

9%). 

ivlACROHA1RS.-None seen. 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 2 rows/ 

band (Plate 96a,b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectangular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, 

interlocking, raised. Papillae: l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papilla located near one end of cell and 

often deflated (Plate 96a,b). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narroLv, 

M-idth uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, 

raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla 

located near one end of cell (Plate 96a). 

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles (Plate 

96c). 

SHORT CELLS.-coStal solitary, paired, 3-51 

row, >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica 

Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. 

Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Intercostal cork cells papillate (Plate 

96c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 

straight, middle wide, short; intercostal crossshaped (Plate 96c,d). 

MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded. Basal and 
NUMBER 55 33 

apical cells often deflated (Plate 96e). 

cells markedly raised (Plate 96f). 

MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal 

Tragus berteronianus Schultes 

PLATES 97-98 

A B A x I A L 

~TOMATA.-~ommon; low-dome; 1 stomata] 

band/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 row/ 

band. Intercostal 7ones very narrow, stomata 

obscured in grooves (Plate 97b,c). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave (?); markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: &one or l/cell, globose, 

uniform. Papillae located near one end of cell. 

Cells usuallv collapsed (Plate 97c). 

LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papilla usually located near one 

end of cell (Plate 97b,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles and 

short macrohairs (Plate 97f). 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal >j/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen (Plate 97c,d). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-costal saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 97a,d). 

MIcR~HAIR~. -1 n frequent; two-celled; basal 

longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 97e). 

MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

raised basal cells absent. See Prickles (Plate 97f). 

ADAXIAL 

STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 1 Or 2 StOmatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 

rows/band (Plate 98b). 

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular; ends 

slightly concave; nonsinuous 0). Papillae: 1 /cell, 

globose, uniform. Papilla located near one end 

of cell (Plate 98b,c). 

LONG CELLs.-Square to rectangular; nonsinuous (?). Papillae: l/cell (?), globose, uniform. 

Outline of cell walls not discernable because of 

wax (Plate 98a,c). 

PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal and marginal prickles; marginal short macrohairs (Plate 

98d, f 1. 

SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal 

not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 

not seen. Cork cells often papillate (Plate 98d,e). 

SILICA BoDIEs.-~ostd~ saddle-shaped; intercostal not seen (Plate 98e). 

MICROHAIRS.-None seen. 

MAcRoHAIRs.-Infrequent (marginal only); 

raised basal cells absent. See Prickles (Plate 98f). 
APPENDIX 

Material Studied 

Species 

Acrachne racemosa 

Apochiton burttii 

Aristida scabrivalvis 

Bewsia bajlora 

Brachyachne fulva 

Chloris virgata 

Chrysochloa orientalis 

Coelachyrum longiglume 

Crypsis schoenoides 

Crypsis schoenoides 

Ctenium somalense 

Cynodon plectostachyus 

Cypholepis yemenica 

Dactyloctenium giganteum 

Daknopholis boivinii 

Dignathia gracilis 

Dinebra retrofexa 

Diplachne fusca 

Drake-Brockmania haareri 

Eleusine f occgolia 

Enneapogon cenchroides 

Enneapogon cenchroides 

Enteropogon macrostachyus 

Eragrostiella bfaria 

Eragrostis macilenta 

Eustachys paspaloides 

Collection 

Williams s.n., 20 

April 1947 

Greenway and 

Polhill 1 15 13 

Galpin M427 

Davidse 6471 

Simon and 

Williamson 

1617 

Shantz 509 

Lebrum 7949 

Senyimba 365 

Chase 6983 

US 1126567 

Hill 3 12 

Verdcourt 2 190 

Glover and 

Gilland 745 

Bullock 305 

Croat 3 089 7 

Polhill and Paulo 

Bullock 302 

Siame 596 

Drummond and 

Hemsley 2287 

Westphal and 

WestphalStevels 1572 

650 

Carr 166 

Davidse 6 1 12 

Faden 74/1146 

Faden 74/967 

Kabuye 364 

Magogo and 

Glover 372 

Origin 

Kenya 

Tanganyika 

Transvaal 

Rhodesia 

Zambia 

Belgian Congo 

Belgian Congo 

Kenya 

Mozambique 

Rhodesia 

Kenya 

Somaliland 

Egy Pt 

Tanganyika 

Madagascar 

Kenya 

Tanganyika 

Tanzania 

Tanganyi ka 

Ethiopia 

Kenya 

S. Africa 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Herbarium 

K 

K 

us 

us 

K 

us 

MO 

K 

us 

us 

MO 

us 

us 

us 

MO 

K 

us 

MO 

MO 

MO 

MO 

us 

MO 

MO 

us 

MO 

34 
NUMBER 55 35 

Farrago racemosa 

Halopyrum mucronatum 

Harpachne schimperi 

Leptocarydion vulpiastrum 

Leptochloa obtusajlora 

Leptothrium senegalensis 

Lepturus repens 

Lintonia nutans 

Microchloa kunthii 

Odyssea paucinervis 

Oropetium capense 

Perotis patens 

Pogonarthria squarrosa 

Pogoneura bijlora 

Psilolemma jaegeri 

Rendlia altera 

Schmidtia pappophoroides 

Schoenefeldia transiens 

Sporobolus africanus 

St ipagrostis uniplumis 

Tetrachaete elionuroides 

Tetrapogon tenellus 

Tragus berteronianus 

Trichoneura ciliata 

Tripogon major 

Anderson 1 3 16 

Polhill and Paulo 

Tanner 424 

Verdcourt 768 

Webster K 164 

Robertson 1788 

Bogdan 3642 

Magogo 1 35 1 

Gilbert and 

Thulin 823 

Greenway and 

Kanuri 12576 

Pappi 7 124 

Crook 938 

Davidse and 

Greenway and 

Bullock 25 18 

Robinson 6362 

Godfrey and 

766 

Handlos 7256 

Turner 10608 

Acocks SH1641 

Greenway 978 1 

Maas 6094 

Faden 7 1 /366 

Greenway and 

Burger 623 

Faulkner 3706 

Bogdan AB4172 

Thomas 2925 

Kanuri 12882 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Tanganyika 

Uganda 

Kenya 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Ethiopia 

Tanganyika 

Eritrea 

Rhodesia 

Zambia 

Tanzania 

Tanganyika 

N. Rhodesia 

Transvaal 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Kenya 

Kenva 

Ethiopia 

Tanzania 

Kenya 

Uganda 

K 

K 

K 

MO 

K 

MO 

US 

MO 

MO 

K 

us 

hl0 

MO 

K 

K 

us 

us 

us 

MO 

K 

K 

US 

K 

K 

K 
Literature Cited 

Clayton, W.D. 

1970. Gramineae, Part 1. In E. Milne-Redhead and R.M. 

Polhill, editors, Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 

1 - 176. London: Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations. 

Graniineae, Part 2. In E. Milne-Redhead and R.M. 

Polhill, editors, Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 

177-449. London: Crown Agents for Oversea 

Governments and Administrations. 

Graniineae, Part 3. In E. Milne-Redheadand R.M. 

Polhill, editors, Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 

450-850. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. 

1974. 

1982. 

Palmer, P.G. 

1976. Grass Cuticles: A New Paleoecological Tool for 

East African Lake Sediments. Canadianjournal of 

Botany, 54( 15): 1725-1 734. 

A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the 

Epidermis of East African Grasses, I. Smithsonian 

Contributions to Botany, 49: 84 pages. 

A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the 

Epidermis of East African Grasses, 11. Smithsonian 

Contributions to Botany, 53: 72 pages. 

Palmer, P.G., and A.E. Tucker 

1981. 

1983. 

36 
Plates 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 1 .-Ahaxial epidermis Aristida scabriualuis, Galpin M427: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, 

X 1250; c, interstornatal cells, short macrohair, X 640; d, long cells, costal prickles, short 

macrohairs, X 320; e, costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 640;f, microhair, X 1250. 
NUMBER 55 39 

PLATE 2.-Adaxial epidermis Aristida scabrivaluzs, Galpin M427: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, 

X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, prickles, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), X 640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f, microhair, X 1250. 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 3.-Abaxial epidermis Stipagrostis uniplumis, Faden 71/366: a, overview, X 160; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 896; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, 

X 640; d, long cells, prickles, costal silica bodies (arrow), X 320; e, costal silica bodies, cork cell 

(arrow), intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1250;J microhair, X 1250. 
NUMBER 55 41 

PLATE 4.-Adaxial epidermis Stipagrostis uniplumis, Faden 7 11366: a, overview, X 160; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cell, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 768; c, prickles, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; d, intercostal prickles, twisted shaft of macrohair 

(arrow), X 320; e, microhair, X 125O;f, base of macrohair, X 1375. 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 5.-Abaxial epidermis Enneapogon cenchroides, Carr 166: a, overview, long cells, X 625; 

b, stoma, x 1750; c, interstomatal cell, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; 

e, base of microhair, X 640;f, swollen tip of microhair, X 640. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 6.-Adaxial epidermis Enneapogon cenchroides, Davidse 61 12: a, overview, X 160; b, 

stoma, X 1750; c, interstomatal cell, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, 

microhair with swollen tip, X 640;J base of microhair, X 640. 

43 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 7.-Abaxial epidermis Schmidtia pappophoroides, Godfrey and Acocks SH-1641: a, 

overview, X 160; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 640; c, prickles, X 640; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), apical Sell of microhair (arrow), X 960; e, microhair, intercostal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (arrow), X 384;J macrohairs, X 320. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 8.-Adaxial epidermis Schmidtia pappophoroides, Godfrey and Acocks SH-164 1 : a, 

overview, X 144; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, microhair, X 768; c, prickles, long cells, X 384; 

d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 768; e, microhair, X 416;J microhair, X 192. 

45 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 9.-Abaxial epidermis Acrachne racemosa, Williams s.n., April 20, 1947: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, costal silica bodies, X 867; d, 

costal silica bodies, X 867; e, intercostal silica body, X 1285;f, microhair, X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 47 

PLATE 10.-Adaxial epidermis Acrachne racemosa, Williams s.n., April 20, 1947: a, overview, 

intercostal raised rectangular cell (arrow), X 416; 6, stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), 

long cells, X 625; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; e, costal silica body, X 2970; 

f, microhair, X 1696. 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 11 .-Abaxial epidermis Apochzton burttzz, Greenway and Polhill 11513: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stoma, long cells, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 625; d, long cells, X 867; 

e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 625;f, microhair, X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 1 2.-Adaxial epidermis Apochiton burttzi, Greenway and Polhill 1 15 13: a, overview, 

x 295; b, stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 625; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc), X 625; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285;J microhair, X 1696. 

49 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 13.-Abaxial epidermis Bewsia bzj7.ora, Davidse 6471: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

x 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, x 960; d, costal prickles, X 625; e, intercostal silica 

body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 867;J costal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 14.-Adaxial epidermis Bewsiu bz?oru, Davidse 647 1 : a, overview, base of macrohair, 

X 295; b, stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, X 867; d, costal prickle, X 625; e, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 625;J microhair, X 1696. 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 1 5.-Abaxial epidermis Coelachyrum longiglume, Senyimba 365: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, X 625; d, long cells, silica body (sb), cork cell (?) (cc), 

X 1285; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 2970. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 16.-Adaxial epidermis Coelachyrum longiglume, Senyimba 365: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stoma, X 2970; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 867; d, long cells, X 625; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;f, microhair, X 2970. 

53 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 17.-Abaxial epidermis Cypholepis yemenzca, Glover and Gilland 745: a, overview, 

X 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, X 320; d, long cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc), X 320; e, costal prickles, X 320;J microhair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), X 640. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 18.-Adaxial epidermis Cypholepis yemenica, Glover and Gilland 745: a, overview, 

X 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 480; d, prickles, X 320; e, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f, microhair, X 1250. 

55 
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 19.-Abaxial epidermis Dactyloctenium gigunteum, Bullock 305: a, overview, X 208; b, 

stomata, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, X 640; d, long cells, X 320: e, costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc), X 1250:J microhair, X 1250. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE PO.--Adaxial epidermis Dactyloctenium giganteum, Bullock 305: a, overview, X 160; b, 

stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 320; d, intercostal cork cell (arrow), 

long cells, X 960; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250;J microhair, X 1875. 

57 
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 21.-Abaxial epidermis Dinebra retrojlexa, Bullock 302: a, overview, X 416; 6, stoma, 

X 2970; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 867; d, costal prickles, 

intercostal hooks, X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; J microhair, 

X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 22.--Adaxial epidermis Dinebra retrojexa, Bullock 302: a, overview, X 416; b, stoma, 

x 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 1285; d, costal prickle, intercostal hook, X 625; e, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; f, microhair, X 1285. 

59 
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 23.-Abaxial epidermis Diplachnefusca, Same 596: a, overview, X 416; b, stomata, 

x 1285; c, interstornatal cell, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), X 1696; d, costal prickles, X 625; 

e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285;J microhair, X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 24.-Adaxial epidermis Diplachne fusca, Same 596: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 1285; c, costal prickles, X 416; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, intercostal 

silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1285;J microhair, X 1696. 

61 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 25.-Abaxial epidermis Drake-Brockmanza haarerz, Drummond and Hemsley 2287: a, 

overview, X 161; b, grooved intercostal zone with overarching papillae, X 625; c, costal and 

intercostal zone, X 295; d, long cells, intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 867; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J base of macrohair, X 625. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 26.-Adaxial epidermis Drake-Brockmania haareri, Drummond and Hemsley 2287: a, 

overview, X 295; b, papillate long cells, X 1285; c, costal prickles, X 625; d, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 1285; e, microhair (arrow), X 1696;J base 

of macrohair, X 867. 

63 
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 27.-Abaxial epidermis Eleusine jloccfolia, Westphal and Westphal-Stevels 1572: a, 

overview, X 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, intercostal cork cells (arrow), interstomatal cells, long 

cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, stomata, costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc), X 480;f, microhair, X 1250. 
65 

PLATE 28.-Adaxial epidermis Eleusine flocczfolza, Westphal and Westphal-Stevels 1572: a, 

overview, X 192; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 640; d, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal prickles, interstomatal cells, X 480;J microhair 

(arrow), X 832. 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 29.-Abaxial epidermis Eragrostiella bijaria, Faden 741967: a, overview, X 295; b, 

narrow, grooved intercostal zone (arrow), X 867; c, long cells, microhair, X 1696; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, costal silica body, X 2970;f, microhair, X 2970. 
NUMBER 55 67 

PLATE SO.-Adaxial epidermis Eragrostiella bifaria, Faden 741967: a, overview, X 416; b, 

stoma, x 2970; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, mid-intercostal ridge (arrow), X 867; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; e, microhair, X 1696;J macrohair, costal prickles, 

X 416. 
ti8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 3 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Eragrostis macilenta, Kabuye 364: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 625; d, long cells, stoma, intercostal cork cell 

(arrow), X 1285; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; f, microhair, X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 32.-Adaxial epidermis Eragrostis macilenta, Kabuye 364: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

x 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), stoma, X 625; d, costal prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc), X 625; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 1285. 

69 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 33.-Abaxial epidermis Halopyrum mucronatum, Polhill and Paulo 766: a, overview, 

X 80; b, stoma obscured in grooves, X 295; c, overarching papillae (arrow), X 867; d, long cells, 

X 867; e, cork cells (arrow), X 625;J silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 34.-Adaxial epidermis Halopyrum mucronatum, Polhill and Paulo 766: a, overview, 

X 161; b, stoma, interstomatal cells, X 1696; c, long cells, stomata obscured in grooves, X 625; 

d, costal prickles, X 416; e, silica bodies (sb), papillate cork cells (cc), X 1285;J costal silica 

body (arrow), X 1285. 

71 
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 35.-Abaxial epidermis Harpachne schzmperz, Tanner 424: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, X 867; d, costal prickle, X 625; e, costal silica body (sb), cork cell 

(cc), X 1696;f, microhair, X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 36.-Adaxial epidermis Harpachne schimperi, Tanner 424: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

x 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 867; d, costal prickles, X 867; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cell (cc), X 1696;f, microhair, X 1285. 

73 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 37.-Abaxial epidermis Leptocarydion vulpiastrum, Verdcourt 768: a, overview, X 320; 

b, stoma, interstomatal cells, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 640; d, interstomatal 

cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 640; e, prickles, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250;f, microhair, X 2500. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 38.-Adaxial epidermis Leptocarydion vulpiastrum, Verdcourt 768: a, overview, X 320; 

b, stoma, X 2500; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, mid-intercostal band of deflated cells (arrow), 

X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 1250; e, 

intercostal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250;f, microhair, X 2500. 

75 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 39.-Abaxial epidermis Leptochloa obtustyora, Webster K164: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 867; c, long cells, prickles, X 416; d, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, prickle, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 1285; f, microhair, 

X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 40.-Adaxial epidermis Leptochloa obtuszjlora, Webster K164: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 867; d, long 

cells, X 867; e, costal prickle, X 867;J costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 625. 

77 
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 4 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Lzntonza nutans, Magogo 135 1 : a, overview, X 4 16; b, stoma, 

X 2970; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 1285; d, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 867; e, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 625;f, microhair, X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 42.-Adaxial epidermis Lintonia nutans, Magogo 1351: a, overview, X 416; b, stoma, 

X 1285; c, interstomatal cell, X 625; d, prickles, X 416; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), X 625;J microhair, X 2970. 

79 
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 43.-Abaxial epidermis Odyssea paucineruis, Greenway and Kanuri 12576: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stoma with overarching papillae, X 1285; c, long cells, X 625; d, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; e, intercostal silica cell, X 1250;J base of macrohair, X 625. 
NUMBER 55 81 

PLATE 44.-Adaxial epidermis Odyssea paucineruzs, Greenway and Kanuri 12576: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stoma with overarching papillae, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 640; d, long 

cells, intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;f, 

prickles, macrohairs, X 320. 
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 45.-Abaxial epidermis Pogonarthria squarrosa, Davidse and Handlos 7256: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stoma, X 1285; c, interstomatal cell, microhair, X 867; d, intercostal silica bodies 

(arrow), X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 46.-Adaxial epidermis Pogonarthria squarrosa, Davidse and Handlos 7256: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stomata, interstornatal cell, X 1285; c, long cells, X 416; d, prickles, X 416; e, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 1285. 

83 
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 47.-Abaxial epidermis Pogoneura bz$ora, Greenway and Turner 10608: a, overview, 

x 295; b, stoma, x 1696; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 1285; d, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 625; e, microhair, X 1696;f, margin with prickles, X 80. 
NUMBER 55 85 

PLATE 4R.-Adaxial epidermis Pogoneura bzyora, Greenway and Turner 10608: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stoma, X 2970; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 1285; d, costal prickle, 

intercostal silica body (arrow), X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), microhair 

(arrow), X 1285;f, microhair, X 1696. 
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 49.-Abaxial epidermis Psilolernmajaegeri, Bullock 251 8: a, overview, X 416; b, stoma, 

X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 867; d, long cells, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 867; 

e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 625;J microhair, X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 30.-Adaxial epidermis Psilolemma jaegeri, Bullock 2518: a, overview, X 295; 6, stoma, 

interstoniatal cell, X 1696; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 1285; d, costal short 

macrohairs, X 625; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1283;f, costal silica body (arrow), 

X 4290. 

87 
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 5 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Trichoneura ciliata, Bogdan AB4172: a, overview, X 416; b, 

stoma, X 2970; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 1285; d, prickles, hooks, long cells, X 625; e, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 89 

PLATE 52.-Adaxial epidermis Trichoneura ciliata, Bogdan AB4172: a, overview, X 295; 6, 

stoma, X 1285; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 867; d, prickles, hook (arrow), long cells, 

X 625; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 867; f. 

microhair, X 1696. 
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 53.-Abaxial epidermis Trzpogon major, Thomas 2925: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, 

X 2500; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 640; d, intercostal cork cell (arrow), costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; e, marginal prickle, X 1250; J microhair, intercostal 

silica body (arrow), X 1250. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 54.-Adaxial epidermis Tripogon major, Thomas 2925: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, 

X 1230: c, interstomatal cells, long cells, twisted shaft of macrohair (arrow), X 640; d, intercostal 

silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1250; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), prickle, 

microhairs (arrow), X 640;J base of macrohair, microhair (arrow), X 640. 

91 
92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE .55.-Abaxial epidermis Brachyachne fulva, Simon and Williamson 16 17: a, overview, 

X 4 16; b, stoma, long cells, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 625; d, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 1285;J microhair, 

x 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 56.-Adaxial epidermis Brachyachne fulva, Simon and Williamson 16 17: a, overview, 

X 416; b, stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 867; d, costal prickle, X 625; e, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 1696. 

93 
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 57.-Abaxial epidermis Chloris virguta, Shantz 509: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 2970; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, short cells, prickle, X 867; d, long cells, microhair 

(arrow), intercostal cork cell (cc), X 1285; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal 

cork cell (arrow), X 625;J marginal long cells, silica body (arrow), X 2970. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 58.-Adaxial epidermis Chloris virgata, Shantz 509: a, overview, X 161; b, stomata, 

marginal area, X 625; c, long cells, prickles, X 625; d, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 1250; e, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;f, stoma (arrow), microhair (mh), X 1696. 

95 
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Pun 59.--Abaxial epidermis Chrysochloa orientalis, Lebrum 7949: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stomata, interstoniatal cell, cork cell (arrow), X 1285; c, overview near margin, X 295; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1285;f, 

microhair. X 1283. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 60.-Adaxial epidermis Chrysochloa orientalis, Lebrum 7949: a, overview,, X 295; b, 

stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, intercostal cork cells (cc), X 625; d, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 625; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), 

X 1696;f, microhair, X 1696. 

97 
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 61.-Abaxial epidermis Ctenium somalense, J. Hill 312: a, overview, X 240; b, stoma, 

x 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 640; d, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal prickles, interstomatal cells, X 640;f, microhair, 

X 768. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 6P.-Adaxial epidermis Ctenium somalense, J. Hill 312: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, 

X 1500; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, X 480; d, intercostal prickles, X 480; e, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f, microhair (arrow), X 768. 

99 
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 63.-Abaxial epidermis Cynodon plectostachyus, Verdcourt 2 190: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, X 867; c, long cells, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), prickles, 

x 867; d, microhair, X 4290; e, overview with macrohairs, X 80;J base of macrohair, X 416. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 64.-Adaxial epidermis Cynodon plectostachyus, Verdcourt 2 190: a, overview, X 16 1 ; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, long cells, intercostal papillate cork cells (arrow), X 625; c, long 

cells, prickles, X 295; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, microhair (arrow), 

X 1696;f, base of macrohair, X 416. 

101 
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 65.-Abaxial epidermis Daknopholis boivinzi, Croat 30897: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cell, intercostal silica body (arrow), cork cell (cc), X 1285; c, long cells, 

intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 625; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; e, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 1285;J microhair, x 2970. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 66.-Adaxial epidermis Daknopholis boivinii, Croat 30897: a, overview, X 295; 6, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; c, long cells, intercostal 

cork cell (arrow), X 1285; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; e, intercostal cork 

cell (arrow), X 1285;f, microhair, X 2970. 

103 
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 67.-Abaxial epidermis Enteropogon macrostachyus, Faden 74/1146: a, overview, X 161; 

b, stoma, X 2970; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 1696; d, costal prickles, silica bodies (arrow), 

X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X l696;J microhair (arrow), X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 68.-Adaxial epidermis Enteropogon macrostachyus, Faden 74/1146: a, overview, X 161; 

b, stoma (arrow), X 1696; c, interstomatal and long cells, X 867; d, costal prickles, X 295; e, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 1285; j, microhair 

(arrow), X 1696. 

105 
106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 69.--Abaxial epidermis Eustachys paspaloides, Magogo and Glover 372: a, overview, 

X 295; b, stomata, interstomatal cells, X 867; c, long cells, costal prickles, X 416; d, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, microhair, X 1696;f, base of macrohair, X 625. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 70.-Adaxial epidermis Eustachys paspaloides, Magogo and Glover 372: a, overview, 

x 416; b, stoma, X 1283; c, interstornatal cell, X 625; d, costal prickle, X 625; e, marginal 

prickles, X 16 1 ;f, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867. 

107 
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 7 1 .-Abaxial epidermis ~Zlzcrochloa Kunthii, Gilbert and Thulin 823: a, overview, X 295; 

b, stoma, X 1696; c, stomata, interstomatal cell, X 625; d, costal silica bodies (arrow), X 867; e, 

intercostal silica body (arrow), X 1696;J microhair (arrow), X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE: f2.-Adaxial epidermis Microchloa kunthii, Gilbert and Thulin 823: a. overview, 

X 29.3; 6, stoma, X 1696; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, silica bodies (arrow), X 867; d, costal 

silica body (sb), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 867; e, microhair surrounded by raised cells, 

X 2950;f, twisted niacrohair, X 416. 

109 
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 73.-Abaxial epidermis Oropetiurn capense, Pappi 7124: a, overview, X 240; b, stoma, 

X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, macrohair, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), X 1250; e, microhair, X 2500;J macrohair, X 640. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 74.--Adaxial epidermis Oropetiurn capense, Pappi 7124: a, overview, X 240; b, stomata, 

interstomatal cell, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, short macrohairs, X 480; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; e, microhair, X 2500;f, macrohair, X 640. 

111 
112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 75.-Abaxial epidermis Rendlia altera, Robinson 6362: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

interstomatal cell, X 867; c, long cells, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 960; d, intercostal 

prickles, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 960; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; 

J microhair, X 3750. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 76.-Adaxial epidermis Rendlia altera, Robinson 6362: a, overview, X 295; b, long 

cells, x 625; c, prickles, X 416; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, intercostal 

cork cells (arrow), X 625;f, microhair, X 2970. 

113 
114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 77.-Abaxial epidermis Schoenefeldia transiens, Creenway 978 1 : a, overview, X 295; b, 

stoma, X 2970; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 625; d, costal prickles, X 867; e, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285;f, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 78.-Adaxial epidermis Schoenefeldia transiens, Greenway 978 1: a, overview, X 295; b, 

stoma, X 2970; c, interstomatal cell, X 1285; d, costal prickle, X 867; e, costal short cells, 

X 867;f, microhair, X 2970. 

115 
116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 79.-Abaxial epidermis Tetrapogon tenellus, Burger 623: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 2970; c, interstomatal cell, X 867; d, costal prickle, X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork 

cells (cc), X 867;J microhair, X 2970. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 80.-Adaxial epidermis Tetrapogon tenellus, Burger 623: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 4290; c, interstomatal cell, X 1285; d, prickles, X 625; e, costal silica bodies, X 1285; f, 

microhair, X 1696. 

117 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 8 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Crypsis schoenoides, Chase 6983: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, 

X 1250; c, interstomatal cell, X 625; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, 

microhair, X 1285;f, base of macrohair, X 640. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 82.-Adaxial epidermis Crypsis schoenoides, Chase 6983: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, 

X 1250; c, interstomatal cell, X 625; d, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair, 

X 125O;f, base of macrohair, X 416. 

119 
120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 83.-Abaxial epidermis Sporobolus africanus, Maas 6094: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

x 1285; c, interstornatal cell, X 625; d, long cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), intercostal cork 

cells (cc), X 1285; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285;J microhair, X 1285. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 84.-Adaxial epidermis Sporobolus africanus, Maas 6094: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

x 1283; c, interstomatal cells, X 625; d, costal prickle, long cells, X 867; e, costal silica bodies 

(sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285;J base of macrohair, X 867. 

121 
122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 85.-Abaxial epidermis Lepturus repens, Bogdan 3642: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, 

X 1696; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 867; d, costal prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

X 416; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). compound papilla (arrow), X 1696; J 

microhair. X 1696. 
NUMBER 55 123 

PLATE 86.-Adaxial epidermis Lepturus repens, Bogdan 3642: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma 

(arrow), X 1696; c, costal prickle, X 625; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), compound 

papilla (arrow), X 629; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1696;J microhair (mh), 

compound papilla (arrow), X 1289. 
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 87.-Abaxial epidermis Dzgnathza gracilis, Polhill and Paulo 650: a, overview, X 240; b, 

stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 640; d, costal prickles, X 480; e, costal silica 

bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;J microhair, X 1875. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 88.-Adaxial epidermis Dzgnathia gracilis, Polhill and Paulo 650: a, overview, X 416; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cells, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, intercostal silica body (sb), 

cork cell (cc), X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 768; e, microhair, X 1875;f, 

base of macrohair, X 768. 

125 
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 89.-Abaxial epidermis Farrago racemosa, Anderson 1316: a, overview, X 352; b, stoma, 

long cells, X 1375; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 1250; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells 

(cc), X 704; e, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 1375;J microhair, X 1375. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 90.--Adaxial epidermis Farrago racemosa, Anderson 1316: a, overview, X 320; b, 

stomata, interstomatal cell, X 1285; c, stomata, interstomatal cells, prickle, X 640; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 960; e, interstomatal cell, long cells, intercostal cork cell 

(arrow), X 1250;f, microhair, X 1375. 

127 
128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 91 .--Abaxial epidermis Leptothrium senegalensis, Robertson 1788: a, overview, X 160; 

b, stoma, long cells, X 1250; c, stomata, interstomatal cells, X 640; d, costal prickles, X 320; e, 

costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;J microhair, X 1250. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 92.-Adaxial epidermis Leptothrium senegalensis, Robertson 1788: a, overview, X 240; 

b, stomata, interstomatal cells, X 640; c, costal prickles, X 416; d, intercostal silica body (sb), 

cork cell (cc), x 1250; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480;J microhair, X 2500. 

129 
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 93.-Abaxial epidermis Perotis patens, Crook 938: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, 

interstomatal cell, X 1250; c, long cells, interstomatal cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), 

cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair (arrow), X 1250;J macrohairs, X 80. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 94.-Adaxial epidermis Perotis patens, Crook 938: a, overview, X 240; b, stoma, 

interstoniatal cells, X 1250; c, prickle (arrow), long cells, interstomatal cells, X 640; d, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 960; e, microhair, X 2500;J macrohairs, X 160. 

131 
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 95.-Abaxial epidermis Tetrachaete elionurozdes, Greenway and Kanuri 12882: a, overvier<, X 384; b, stoma, X 2500; c, costal prickle, miccohair (arrow), X 960; d, long cells, costal 

silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 732;f, 

microhair, X 2500. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 96.-Adaxial epidermis Tetrachaete elionuroides, Greenway and Kanuri 12882: a, overview, long cells, X 640; b, stoma, X 2500; c, costal prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), 

x 640; d, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc). X 2500; e, microhair, X 1625;J base of 

rnacrohair, X 640. 

133 
134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

PLATE 97.-Abaxial epidermis Trugus berteronianus, Faulkner 3706: a, overview, X 384; b, 

stoma, long cells, X 768; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 576; d, costal silica bodies (sb) and 

cork cells (cc), X 720; e, microhair, X 1250;J marginal macrohair, short macrohair, X 120. 
NUMBER 55 

PLATE 98.--.4daxial epidermis Tragus berteronzanus, Faulkner 3706: a, overview, X 240: b, 

stoma, interstomatal cell, X 1250; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, X 640; d, prickle (arrow), 

X 640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250;J marginal macrohair, short macrohair, 

prickles, X 80. 

135 
Index to Grass Species 

Acrachne racemosa, 5, 46 (pl.), 47 (pl.) 

Apochiton burttii, 5, 48 (pl.), 49 (pl.) 

Aristida scabrivalvis, 2, 38 (pl.), 39 (pl.) 

Bewsia biflol-a, 6, 50 (pl.), 51 (pi.) 

Brdchyachne firlva, 19, 92 (PI.), 93 (pi.) 

Chloi-is virgata, 20, 94 (PI.), 95 (pl.) 

Clrrysochloa orientalis, 20, 96 (PI.), 97 (pl.) 

C:oel;rchyrum longiglume, 7, 52 (pl.), 53 (pl.) 

Crypsis schoenoides, 27, 118 (pl.), 119 (pl.) 

Ctenium somalense, 21, 98 (pl.), 99 (pl.) 

Cpnodon plectostachyus, 22, 100 (p!.), 101 (PI.) 

Cypholepis yeinenica, 7, 34 (pl.), 53 (pl.) 

Dactyloctenium giganteuni, 8, 56 (pl.), 57 (pl.) 

Daknopholis boivinii, 22, 102 (pl.), 103 (pl.) 

Dignathia gracilis, 29, 124 (pl.), 125 (pl.) 

Dinebra retroflexa, 9, 58 (pl.), 59 (pl.) 

Diplachne fusca, 9, 60 (pl.), 61 (pl.) 

Drake-Brochania haareri, 10, 62 (pl.), 63 (pl.) 

Eleusine floccifolia, 10, 64 (PI.), 65 (pl.) 

Enneapogon cenchroides, 3, 42 (pl.), 43 (pl.) 

Eirteropogon macrostachyus, 23, 104 (pl.), 105 (pl.) 

Eragrostiella bifaria, 1 1, 66 (pl.), 67 (pl.) 

Eragrostis macilenta, 12, 68 (pl.), 69 (pl.) 

Etrstachys paspdioides, 24, 106 (PI.), 107 (PI.) 

Farrago racemosa, 30, 126 (pl.), 127 (pl.) 

Halopyrum n~ucroiiatu~n, 12, 70 (PI.), 71 (pl.) 

Harpachne schimperi, 13, 72 (pl.), 73 (pl.) 

Leptocarydion vulpiastrum, 13, 74 (pl.), 75 (pl.) 

Leptochloa obtusiflord, 14, 76 (pl,), 77 (pl.) 

Leptothriuni senegalensis, 3 1, 128 (pi.), 129 (pl.) 

Lepturus repens, 29, 122 (pl.), 123 (pl.) 

Lintonia nutans, 15, 78 (pl.), 79 (pl.) 

hlicrochloa kunthii, 24, 108 (pl.), 109 (pl.) 

Odyssea pducinervis, 15, 80 (PI.), 81 (p!.) 

Oropetiunr capense, 2.5, 110 (pl.), 11 1 (pl.) 

Perotis patens, 3 1, 130 (pl.), 13 1 (pl.) 

Pogonarthria squarrosa, 16, 82 (PI.), 83 (pl.) 

Pogoneura biflora, 17, 84 (pl.), 85 (pi.) 

Psilolemma jaegeri, 17, 86 (PI.), 87 (pl.) 

Rendlia altera, 25, 112 (pl.), 113 (pl.) 

Schmidtia pappophoroides, 4, 44 (PI.), 45 (pl.) 

Schoenefeldia transiens, 26, 114 (PI.), 115 (pl.) 

Sporobolus africanus, 28, 120 (pl.), 121 (pl.) 

Stipagt-ostis uiriplumis, 3, 40 (pl.), 41 (pl.) 

Tetrachaete elionuroides, 32, 132 (pl.), 133 (pl.) 

Tetrapogon tenellus, 27, 116 (PI.), 117 (pl.) 

Tragus berteronianus, 33, 134 (pl.), 135 (pl.) 

Trichoneura ciliata, 18, 88 (pl.), 89 (pl.) 

Tripogon major, 18, 90 (pl.), 91 (pl.) 

136