FOREST STATISTICS 

OF 

(fR'Tft:A l ·S·lATfS 

fOR£ST fXP£RiffiE:flT STBTIOD 

..f.-12L u_m_b_uA- 1.5, _i9_7L.;_1L 

· PHILIP A. BRIEGLEB, DIRECTOR 
FOREST STATISTICS CF SOUTHERN INDIANA 

By • \• 

THE FOREST SURVEY ORGANIZATION 1 • 

of the 

CENTRAL STATES FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION 

\ These people have collected and compiled data or in some other way helped 1 

to prepare this report. ) 

R. K. Winters, Chief, Division of F_orest Economics 

E. V. Roberts, In Charge, -F,orest Survey 

Field Work - M. E. Becker, ·Field Supervisor 

R. E. Doyle, T. A. Harrington, 

-B:;. H. Mauer, W. B. Metcalf . G. N·. Semmens, E. F. Youngblood 

Photo Interpretation- K. E. ·Moessner, In Charge 

F. D. Brunson, C. E. Jensen, 

K. W. Chrisemer 

Computations - Lake F. Compton, Margaret Peirsol, 

Mary Lou Sterner, Pauline Ramaley, 

Violet Pewell 

Vol~me Tables and Statistical Analysis - G. L. Schnur 

Stenographic Service -Edith Clark 

i 

1 

.-
Significant facts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 

Forest survey procedure - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34 

Accuracy. of data - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35 

Explanation of terms used - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36 

Table 

number 

1 Forest and nonforest area by 

county 

2 Commercial forest area by owner- ship cl ass 

3 Corrunercial forest area by forest 

Lower 

Wabash 

5 

6 

type and st and- size class 7 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Saw-timber volume by species and 

stand-size class 8 

Saw-timber volume by species and 

tree-diameter class 9 

Hardwood saw-timber volume by species 

group and percentage distribution in 

low grades 10 

Total cubic vol ume by species and 

cl ass of material 11 

8 Cubic volume of primary growing 

stock by species and stand- size 

class 12 

9 

10 

Cubic vo l ume of primary growing 

stock by st and-size class and 

t ree-diameter cl ass 

Average volume per acre by stand- si ze class 

13 

13 

Knobs 

Page 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

23 

U.Qland 

Flats 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

33 

i 

FOREWORD 

The Forest Survey is a nation-wide activi ty of t he Forest Servi ce . 

The f ivefo l d purpose of the Forest Survey is (1) ~o make a fie l d inven- . 

tory of the present supply of standing timber; ( 2) to fi nd out haw fapt 

this,supply is being increased through growth; (3) t o find out how fa st it 

is being _diminished t hrough industrial and domestic uses, windfa ll, fir ~ 

disease :; and ot her cause s; (4) to determine the pr esent consumption and 

the probabl e fut ure trend in requirements f or Aorest products; and ( 5) 

to interpret and correl ate these findi ngs with existing and anti cipat ed 

economic conditio ~ as an aid in formul ating both privat e and public 

pol icies for use of l and suitabl e f or f orest production. 

The Forest Survey is conducted in the various regions by the 

forest experiment stations of the Fore st Service . In Indiana t he project is directed by the Cent ral States Forest Experiment Station with 

headquarters in Col umbus~ Ohio " 

This Survey Re lease presents the more significant preliminary 

statistic s on the forest area and timber vo lume f or each of the t hree 

regions of southern Indiana . A simi l ar report will be published f or 

the two norther n Indiana reg i ons. Later~ an anal yti cal report for the 

state will be published which wil l interpret statistic s on forest area , 

timber- volume , growth ~ and drain in ·the light of existing and antic ipated 

economic conditions. 

ii 

' 
.... 

I I 

, .. 

... .. . 

.,. ... 

as• 

1/ANl>OLPN 

SHADED AREAS ARE 

COVERED IN THIS 

REPORT 

... . 

LOCATION OF FOREST SURVEY REGIONS IN INDIANA 

.,. 

... 

,. 

... 
SIGNIFICANT.F9REST AREA AND TIMBER VOLWiffi STATISTICS 

In this report the forest statisti cs f or Southern Indiana are 

shown ~eparately for three principal subdivisions o= regions. These 

have been established in such a way as to group counties that have 

similar f orest 9 soil~ and economic conditions. A brief description 

of the physiographic and economic characteristics of each region 

foll ows. 

Lower Wabash .--The level or gently rolling lands bordering 

the l ower reache s of the Wa bash~ Whit e~ and Patoka rivers are part 

of a l arge region ext ending into Illinois and Kentucky. The river 

valleys are wide and flat; elevation is al most wholly bel ow 700 f eeL 

Coa l mining is an important ac tivity? especially in the northern parL 

The southern three counties, ca l led "The Poe ket ~ •o produc e fine timber 

and contain much of Indiana's original cypress swamp area n Corn and 

whea t are the principal agricultural crops. 

Knobs.--This south-central region i s a succ ession of l owlands 

and upl ands r unning north and south i n fairly narrow belts, and includes most of the state's unglaciated area. In the center~ a belt of 

rugged upland extending int o picturesque Brown County is f amous for 

its wooded hills or "knobs," Much of the l and is unsuited f or agriculture; much of the farming is on a subsistence l evel . On the area s 

of rough topography where the t op-so il ha s been l argely wa shed away, 

cleared l and i s reverting to f orest. Timber is an important product, 

but the stands have been seriously overcut. 

UQland Fl ats.--In southeastern Indiana i s an ol d gl aciated upland 

area that ext ends into Oh io and al so f orms part of the outer Bluegrass 

region of Kentucky. Short, steep st reams descending to the Ohio river 

have deeply trenched the southeast ern orde ~ but in the north and 

centra l part of t he r eg i on f a irly extensive poor ~dr ined fl ats occur. 

On the western edge a broad sl ope descends to a l owl and area on the 

edge of the Knobs r eg i on. Typical f orests of t he poorly-dra i ned upl ands 

are composed chi efl y of beech, sweetgumJ and pin oak. A general farming 

system produc es corn , heat~ and hay in the western section, while dairy 

produc t s and t obacco are important in t he ea sto 

The tota l land area of Southern Indi ana is 1J5 million acre s, of 

which 2. 9 million acres or 30 percent :i.s f orest ed. On t he average, 

the counties in the Knobs r egion have the l argest proport ion of their 

l and area in f orest . Individuall y t hey range from 19 to 71 per cent 

in f orest and average 40 percent. In t he Upland Flats region, fore sts 

occupy 28 percent of the l and ar ea and in the Lower Wabash region , 22 

percent. 

I:TFo~ a definition of forest land ~ see page 36" 

1 
Ninet y-two percent of t he f or e st l and i s privat el y owned o 

The Hoosier Nati ona l Fore st and severa l stat e forests _and parks account 

for most of the rema i ning 8 percent ,. Prac tic ally all of the forest 

area can be c l assifi ed as commerc i al; l ess than 50 , 000 ac res are noncommerc ial in t he sense t hat timber cutt i ng is f orbidden. This ar ea 

is entirel y i n st ate parks, mi l itary reserva ions ~ and simil ar areas o 

Vi r tually no f orest area is noncommercial because of poor t imbergrowi ng conditions " 

The oak-hickory and mixed hardwood f orest t ypes oc cur on approximat el y f our-fifths of the commerc i al forest area of the t hree regi ons, 

Har dwoods predominate 3 al though pin ~ ypress ~ and r edc edar are a l so 

f ound in the area a 

St ands i n wh i ch trees of saw- t imber si ze predomi nat e ma~e up 

nearl y ha l f of the t ot al commerci al forest area o Po l e-ti mber stands 

occupy about 35 percent of t he commerc ial f orest area , and seedling 

and sapl ing st ands account f or nearl y al l of the remain~ng 15 percent a 

The t otal vol ume of saw timber in Southern Indiana is 6o4 

billion board f eet . Of t his ta ~ 1. 8 billi on board f eet are in t he 

Lower Wabash reg ion 9 3"4 billion in the Knobs reg n~ and l o2 i n the 

Upl and Fl at s region a The oaks make up about 42 percent of the t ota l 

vo l ume a Hickory with 10 percent and yellow- popl ar and beech with about 

8 percent each are aJ so import ant from t he stand point of volume o 

Nearl y 90 percent of t he saw-timber volume occurs in stands cl assifi ed 

as saw t imber . Most of t he remaining saw-timber vo l ume occurs in 

scattered l arger trees i n pole- timber stands o Forty percent of t he 

saw-timber volume is found in trees 12 t(} 14 i nches d , bah ,, and 30 

percent is in trees 20 inches d obah . and l arger a 

This estimat e of saw- timber vo l ume i s considerabl y higher than 

previous estimate s,, Some of t his difference i s due to t he i nc l usion 

by the Forest Survey of t he timber vol ume of heavily grazed wood l ands 

1 acre and l arger in ar ea where t he tree crowns cover at l ea st 10 percent of t he ground space . This ar ea , tot al ing 206 thousand acres 

and supporting 509 mi lli on board feet ~ i s so heavi l y grazed hat ~ unl e ss 

l ive st ock are kept out entirely it wi ll eventual i y pass from t he f orest 

cl assification altoget her , Presumabl y, a considerabl e part of t :1is area 

was cl assified as pasture in the earl ier estimat es. In t his report i t 

is inc luded i n the <. ommerc ial f orest area . 

The proportion of the saw- timber vo l ume in hi gh- qua l ity l ogs is 

l owa Onl y l1 percent of t he hardwood volume i s grade 1 and 2 ogs '~ 

wh t ch prGvi de the high-quality ma t erial required by the veneer , f urniture ~ and cooperage i ndustries. This cond i t i on is part l y due to the 

l arge proportion of small saw-timber trees in the stand o On the 

erage ~ no tree l ess t han 14 inches d . b. h a can contain grade 1 or 

2 vol ume . Forty percent of t he board-foot vo l ume occured i n t he 12- and 

2 
14-inch diameter classes 9 and therefore woul d be classified as grade 3a 

In time, however , much of this volume of small trees wi ll grow into 

better-quality timbero The high proportion of the saw-timber volume 

in grade 3 logs is al so partl y due to the practice of cutting onl y the 

best trees in the stand and l eaving the lower-qual ity treeso 

The volume of the total forest growing stock (including the 

present and potentially merchantable portion of saw-t i~~er trees and 

pole-timber trees) is lo7 billion cubic feeL Of this, 1 billion 

cubic feet i s in saw-timber trees and 0. 7 billion in po l e-timber 

trees a In addition t o this growing stock ~ 0. 9 billion cubic feet is 

in t he l imbs .of saw- timber trees and in the sound portion of cull 

trees and trees of noncommerc ial spec ies. 

The aver age volume of saw timber per acre on all commercial 

forest l and in Southern Ind iana is 2~221 board f eet. By regions 

these average board-foot vo l umes per acre vary as follows: Lower 

Wabash 9 29 309; Knobs ~ 060; and Upland ats ~ 29 67la Large sawtimber stands averaged ~37 6 board feet per acre , and sma ll sawtimber averaged 3~ 6 board feet per acreo 

The average vo l ume per acre of primary growing stock on 

commerc ial forest l and was 582 cubic feet o 

3 
LOWER WABASH REG O~ 

4 
LOWER WABASH REGION 

Table 1.--Forest and nonforest area by county, 1950 

Tot al 

County land 

areaY 

Forest area Nonfdrest area 

Thousand Thousand Percent Thousand Percent 

acres acres acres 

Clay 233 54 23 179 77 

Daviess 277 41 15 236 85 

Gibson 319 45 14 274 86 

Greene 351 101 29 250 7l 

Knox 331 34 10 297 90 

Martin 221 125 57 96 43 

Parke 289 97 34 192 66 

Pike 214 43 20 l 7J_ 80 

Posey 265 3f:J 14 227 86 

Putnam 314 74 24 240 76 

Sullivan 293 49 17 244 83 

Vander burgh 154 19 12 135 88 

Vermillion 168 31 18 137 82 

Vi go 266 45 17 221 83 

All Counties 3, 695 796 22 2,899 78 

1/ Source: Area of the United States 1940, U. S. Bureau of the 

Census. 

5 
LOWER WABASH REGION 

Table 2.--Commercia l forest area by ownership cl ass, 1950 

Ownership cl ass Commerc ial f orest areaY 

Thousand Percent 

~ 

Federa ~ 

National forest 4 Oo 5 

other 45 5 o7 

Total 49 6 . 2 

State 10 L3 

County and Municipal (£/) 

Pr i vat e 734 92o5 

All ownerships 793 l OO oO 

Does not include 000 acres of forest l and in State and Federal 

ownerships that is reserved from commercial t imber use o 

Less than 500 acres. 

6 
LOWER WABASH REG ION 

Tabl e 3.--Comrnersi,al f~t area by_ fo rest type and stand- size cl§.& 1950 

Lar ge . Sma ll . . . Seedl ing 

saw- . saw- . . . Pole- and Non~ 

Forest type Total timber: timber: timber sapl ing stocked 

area . area . . . area area area 

Thousand Per- - - ~ - - - - - Thousand acres - - -"""' - - acres cent 

Hardwood-pine 19 2o4 19 

Oak-hickory 252 31. 8 60 46 105 40 1 

Maple-beech 25 3.1 13 6 6 

Mixed hardwoods 323 40 o7 105 46 101 66 5 

Pin oak fl ats 26 3. 3 9 1 7 9 

Lowland hdwds. 148 18. 7 71 16 49 12 

All types 793 258 115 268 146 6 

Percent l OO oO 32o5 14. 5 33 o8 18 . 4 0.8 

' 

7 
LOWER WABASH REGION 

Tabl e 4o--Saw-timber vo l ume on commercia l forest area by spec ies 

and stand-size c l ass, 1950 

. . Large Small Seedling 

saw- s aw- Pol e- and 

Species Tot al timber timber timber sa pliny 

area area area area ~ 

Million Percent - - - Mi l l i on board f eet - - - - - - -

bd o fto 

Softwoods.£/ 3 Oa2 2 1 

Wh ite oak 223 l 2a2 160 46 17 

Post oak group 41 2o2 36 3 1 1 

Black oak 115 6 a3 56 41 18 

No o red oak 124 6 oS 84 31 8 1 

Other r ed oaks 81 4. 4 66 6 9 

Hickor y 181 . 9.9 107 54 20 

El m 127 6 a9 91 22 14 {2/) Soft mapl e llO 6 . 0 97 12 l 

Sugar maple 86 4.7 59 21 6 

Sycamo r e 102 5a6 80 5 16 1 

Ash 111 6o0 78 29 3 l 

Yellow-popl ar 168 9 a2 122 15 31 

Cottonwood 62 3o4 42 13 7 

Sweetgum 36 2o0 35 1 

aJ_ackgum 36 2o0 32 1 3 

Beech 68 3o7 43 9 3 13 

Black wa lnut 39 2ol 29 7 3 

Other hardwoods 118 6o4 75 28 14 1. 

All speci es 1 83 1 1, 294 344 174 19 

Percent l OO aO 70 o 7 l 8 a8 9 . 5 la O 

1) I ncluding nonst ocked areas. y Consists of redcedar and bal dcypress o 

y Le ss than Oo5 million board fe e to 

8 
LOWER WABASH REG ION 

Tabl e 5 a-··Saw-timber vol ume on commerci al f orest area by spec i es 

and tree~di ameter cl ass. .2~ 

34 inches 

Species Tot al 2~ 4 16 ~1 8 20~22 ~24-26 28-30 and 

inches1/ inches inches :inches inches l argerY , - ..,., ,_ - ,_, ._ ,_ ,_, Mi ll ion board f eet -

Softwoods 3 1 2 

Wh ite oak 223 68 71 49 24 6 5 

Post oak group 41 6 8 1. 4 6 7 

Bl ack oak 115 38 36 29 12 

No a red oak 124 25 43 27 16 13 

Other r ed oaks 81 23 32 9 8 9 

Hickory 181 83 53 27 12 6 

El m 127 58 44 13 12 

Soft maple 110 34 45 24 2 2 3 

Sugar mapl e 86 37 23 14 6 6 

Sycamor e 102 27 31 22 22 

Ash 111 52 34 17 3 5 

Ye llow-poplar 168 53 59 40 5 11 

Cot tonwood 62 22 15 17 8 

Sweetgum 36 9 15 8 4 

Bl ackgum 36 14 14 4 4 

Beech 68 14 22 12 2 18 

Bl ack wa l nut 39 13 19 7 

Other hardwood s 118 68 33 8 4 5 

All spec ies 1 31 645 597 343 150 77 19 

Per cent lOO oO 35 .2 32 , 6 18 .7 8 o2 4o2 lo1 

l,i' No 10-inch softwood trees~ nor any 32-inch t rees were recorded a 

9 
LOWER WABASH REGION 

Table 6 o--Hardwood saw-timber volume bv species g[OUp and percentage 

distribution in log grades. 1950 

Log grade: Log grade . . Log grade 

Species group Volume 1 2 3 

Million - - - - ~ Percent - - - - - - - ,_.- ... bd o ft o 

Oaks.J) 584 L4 6 o8 9lo8 

Other hardwoods 1~244 5.0 9o2 85 o8 

All hardwoods 1,828 3o8 8o4 87 a8 

l/ Oak species combined because sampling base was too small to indicate 

any volume of l og grade 1 in the red oak group o 

10 
LOWER WABASH REG ION 

Table .~-Total cubic vo lume of sound_ wood on co~~erc l forest area 

by species and cl ass of ma te ria ~ 1950 

Species 

Softwoods 

White oak 

Post oak group 

Black oak 

No a red oak 

Other red oaks 

Hickory 

Elm 

Soft mapl e 

Sugar maple 

Sycamore 

Ash 

Yellow-poplar 

Cott onwood 

Sweet gum 

Blackgum 

Beech 

Black lnut 

Othar hardwoods 

Noncomm. specie s 

All species 

Percent 

Total 

1. 1 

70.8 

l5o3 

3 7, 8 

36 . 8 

24 ,.7 

70 . 9 

56 ,') 

52.7 

52o 8 

32o2 

47 oO 

48.2 

20o7 

12.9 

l 3 o3 

32.9 

20 .1 

69 ,, 1 

2 o0 

100 , 0 

. 

0 

Total 

l., l 

46 o7 

9.7 

24.8 

23 . 6 

17. 1 

5l ol 

34. 1 

28 o2 

26 . 8 

l3 o2 

33 . 8 

32.3 

14.5 

9.4 

8 o5 

1L7 

12.0 

45 . 8 

449.4 

62.6 

Pri mary: growing_ stock ~---: 

Sawlog ~ I Po l e 

eortion ~ TopsL trees 

Mjl1ion cubi c f eet 

Oo4 

33 o6 

6.1 

17,5 

18.4 

12.3 

27.6 

l 9 o6 

l7o l 

12.9 

15.2 

17.5 

25 . 1 

9 . 5 

5 . 6 

5 o7 

9 o8 

6 . 0 

18.5 

278.4 

0.2 

. 9 

. 1 

.6 

c4 

o4 

L2 

o7 

. 5 

ol 

.7 

o7 

1.2 

,,6 

. 3 

ol 

(y) 

.1 

, 8 

9 . 6 

0. 5 

12.2 

3 ,5 

6 .7 

4.8 

4.4 

2?.3 

l3o 8 

10.,6. 

l 3o8 

2o3 

l 5 o6 

6 o0 

4.4 

3 o5 

2 o7 

L 9 

5. 9 

26 o5 

H lA 

. 

0 

~ Cull 

Limbs ~ t rees 

17. 6 

3o2 

9 .2 

9.6 

6 .4 

14.5 

10. 2 

8 . 9 

6 , 8 

SaO 

9ol 

l3 ol 

4 o9 

2.9 

3. 0 

5 . 2 

3ol 

9 . 7 

145.4 

6.5 

2o4 

3o8 

3.6 

L 2 

5.,3 

l 2 o2 

l 5 o6 

19.2 

6 o0 

4 o l 

2 o8 

L3 

o6 

L8 

l 6 o0 

5 o0 

l 3 o6 

2 o0 

123.0 

17 o1 

j} Includes only the porti on of t he upper stem capabl e of growing into sawtimber size and quality. 

Y Less than 0 . 05 million cubic feeL 

11 
LO~~R WABASH REGION 

Tabl e So--Cubi c vol ume of eri mary growing stock by species and 

stand-size cl ass. 1950 

Large Small Seedl ing 

Spec i es Tot al saw- saw- Pol e- and 

timber t i mber timber sapl iy 

area area ar ea . area1 0 - Mi llion Percent - - - - -Million cubi c f eet ... £U u f to 

Soft woodsY Ll Oo2 Oo5 Oo6 

White oak 46 o7 l 0 o4 26 o7 11. 9 8 o0 ol 

Post oak group 9 o7 2o2 5o9 2o2 o9 o7 

Bl ack oak 24o8 5o5 9 o4 8.7 6 . 6 ol 

No o red oak 23o6 5 o2 l 4 o5 5o9 3. 0 o2 

Other red oaks 17 .1 3o8 12ol lo 7 3. 3 (2/) Hickory 51.1 11. 4 20 o5 16 . 4 13o2 L O 

El m 34 ol 7o6 2lo6 5 o7 6 o5 .3 

Soft mapl e 28 o2 6o 3 20a6 3o8 3.7 o1 

Sugar mapl e 26 8 6 o0 14 . 3 8 .3 4. 2 

Sycamore 18. 2 4. 0 13. 2 lo O 3. 6 . 4 

Ash 33.8 7. 5 l7 . 3 l 0o5 5 . 8 . 2 

Yellow-popl ar 32 03 7 o2 20 .1 3. 5 8 o4 o3 

Cottonwood 14. 5 3o2 7 o5 4 . 0 2o9 ol 

Sweetgum 9 . 4 2.1 7 . 5 .3 L 6 

Bl ackgum 8 . 5 1.9 6 . 2 1. 0 1 . 3 

Beech l lo7 2o6 7 . 2 2o0 o7 L 8 

Black wa lnut 12 . 0 2. 7 7 o3 2.3 2. 3 o1 

Ot her hardwoods 45 . 8 10. 2 20 o0 10. 2 14. 8 o8 

All species 449o 4 252 . 4 99.4 90 . 8 6 . 8 

Perc ent 100 . 0 56 . 2 22 ol 20 .2 L 5 

!I Includi ng nonstocked area . y I nc ludes pine ~ red edar ~ and bal dcypress in about equal proporti on. y Less than Oa05 mi l l ion cubic feet. 

12 
LOWER WABASH REGION 

Tabl e 9 ,- -Cubic vol ume of_12rima:r,y_growing__stock by stand- size 

cl ass and tree-di~r cl ass ~ 1950 

28 Stand- size Total 6-8 10 :1 2-14 :16-18 :20-22 : 24-26 

inches 

and 

cl ass :inches:i hes~inches :i nches :inch es :in ches:larger 

-- - ------ ---Million cubic feet - - - - - - - - -

Large saw-timber 

area 252.4 29.9 23 . 4 51. 0 70 .6 47.7 19.4 10.4 

Sma ll saw~ti mber 

area 99 o4 23 . 4 l 8 o9 41.6 13. 8 L7 

Pol e-timber area 90,8 39 .9 22 . 3 18 .2 6 . 0 . 8 2.1 1.5 

Seedl ing and 1) 

sapli ng area 6 o8 2 . 6 1.0 1. 0 . 2 . 2 1.8 

All classes 449.4 95 .8 65 "6 lll c> 8 90 . 6 50.4 21.5 13.7 

Perc ent 100 , 0 21. 3 14 . 6 24 , 9 20.2 lL2 4.8 3.0 

11 Inc l uding non stocked areas " 

Tabl e .--~y~~e vo lume_Qet_ac re Qy_?tand- size cl ass, 1950 

Stand-size cl a ss 

Large saw-timber area 

Sma ll saw-timber area 

Po l e-timber ar ea 

Seedling and sapling areaY 

All c l a sses 

l/ Pri mary growing stock onl y . 

~ Inc luding nonstocked area s . 

Average vo lume per acre 

Board feet Cubic feetll 

5016 978 . 3 

2991 864.3 

649 338 .3 

125 44.7 

2309 566.7 

13 
KNOBS REGION 

14 
KNOBS REG ION 

Tabl e lo --L~r es t and nonforest area by county . 1950 

Tot al 

Count y l and . 

ar eal! 

Forest area Nonforest area 

Thousand Thousand Percent Thousand Percent 

~ acres ~ 

Brown 207 146 71 61 29 

Clar k 246 82 33 164 67 

· Crawford 200 100 ) 0 100 50 

Dubois 277 86 31 191 69 

Floyd 95 36 38 59 62 

-·Harrison 307 123 40 184 60 

Jac kson 333 116 35 217 65 

Lawrence 294 124 42 170 58 

Monr oe 264 127 48 137 52 

Morgan 260 84 32 176 68 

Orange 259 121 47 138 53 

Owen 250 116 46 134 54 

'Perry 246 149 61 97 39 

Scott 123 43 35 80 65 

· Spencer 253 47 19 206 81 

Wa r rick 250 50 20 200 80 

Washi ng t on 330 118 36 212 64 

All Counties 4,1 94 668 40 2, 526 60 

11 Sour ce : Area of t he Un ited es ~ 1940 ~ u. S. Bureau of the 

Census . 
16 

KNOBS REGION 

Table 2.--Commercia l forest area by ownership classo 1950 

Ownership class Commercia l f orest are all 

Thousand Percent 

~ 

Federal: 

National forest 62 3o8 

Other 4 o2 

Total 66 4o0 

State 69 4o2 

County and Municipal 1 ol 

Private 1, 511 9.l o7 

All ownerships 1 ~647 lOO aO 

i/ Does not inc l ude 21 , 000 acres of forest l and in Stat e ownership 

that is reserved from commercia l timber use . 
KNOBS REGION 

Table 3c--Commercia l f ore st area by forest type and stand-size class 9 1950 

Large Small Seedling 

saw~ saw- Po l e- and NonForest type Total timber timber timber sapling stocked 

area area area area . . area 

Thous and Per- - - - - Thousand acres - - - - -- - .-. 

acres cent 

Hardwood-pine 94 5 o7 10 44 40 

Oak-hickory 774 47 . 0 ll8 226 302 128 

Maple-beech 64 3 .9 30 19 15 

Mixed hardwoods 612 37.1 151 90 277 89 5 

Pin oak fl ats 16 lo O 7 4 5 

Lowl and hdwds. 87 5 . 3 38 19 30 

All Types 1,647 344 368 673 257 5 

Perc ent 100.0 20 .9 22.3 40.9 15.6 0.3 

17 
•/ 

/ 

KNOBS REGION 

Tabl e 4o--Saw-timber volume on commerc i al f or est area by ~ecies 

and st and-size class L 1950 

Large Small Seedling 

; saw- saw- Po l e- and 

Spec ies Tota l timber timber timber sapl iny 

area area area area 

Million Perc ent - - _,- 'MiU ion bo5!rd f ee::!; CZIO - ,_ -

bd " ftc 

Softwoods.£/ 47 1. 4 3 35 7 2 

Wh ite oak 519 15o3 216 225 7S 

Post oak group 60 lo S 41 15 4 

Che st nut oak 97 2o9 2S 62 7 

Black oak 540 l5 o9 240 224 74 2 

No o red oak 330 9 o7 225 93 12 

Other r ed oaks 7S 2o3 47 20 11 

Hickory 333 9 oS 161. 121 51 

El m S3 2o 4 34 25 · 24 

Soft mapl e 61 lo S 32 2S 1 Sugar maple 213 6 o3 121 69 23 

' Sycamore S5 2o5 51 17 15 2 

Ash l OS 3o2 59 37 12 

Yellow-poplar 269 '7 "9 167 57 39 6 

Sweetgum so 2. 4 62 14 - 4 Blackgum 60 loS 48 6 6 Beech 253 7o 5 199 37 17 

Bl ack wal nut 46 L 3 l S 9 16 3 Ot her hardwoods 130 3o S 73 36 21 

All species 3~ 392 S25 1,130 422 15 

Percent l OO oO 58.,S 33. 3 ~o 4 Oo5 

17 Including nonstock areas o 

y Consi sts of pi ne mostl y but some redc edar o 

l S 
KNOBS REGION 

Tabl e 5.- -Saw-timber volume on commerc i al forest area by species 

and tree-diameter cl ass. 1950 

. 

G :34 inches 

Species Total 10 d2~14 :16-18 ~2 -22 g24-26 8-30 : and ~in hes:i nc hesginches:inches:in hes inches : largerll 

- Mi lli on board feet 

Softwoods 47 17 19 6 5 

White oak 519 280 137 57 18 27 

Post oak gr oup 60 19 22 1_9 

Chestnut oak 97 64 26 7 

Black oak 540 248 160 85 31 16 

No. red oak 330 113 102 59 31 25 

Other r ed oaks 78 26 23 17 7 5 

Hickory 333 193 95 38 7 

Elm 83 53 21 9 

Soft maple 61 29 19 13 

Sugar maple 213 113 53 45 2 

Sycamore 85 26 25 14 20 

Ash 108 59 24 12 13 

Ye llow-poplar 259 97 104 54 7 7 

Sweetgum 80 31 24 18 7 

Bl ackgum 60 17 26 6 4 7 

Beech 253 47 87 56 57 6 

Bl ack walnut 46 27 -13 3 3 

Other hardwoods 130 87 27 16 

All species 3~392 17 1, 548 994 533 200 94 6 

Percent 100.0 0. 5 45 . 6 29 .3 15n7 5 .9 2. 8 0.2 

I7 No . 32-inch trees were recorded . 

19 
KNOBS REG ION 

Table 6 o--Hardwood saw- timber volume by species group and ~rcentage 

distr i bution in l og grades 1 1950 

~------------------~-------- --------~----------~----------~-- Log grade Log grade grade 

S);lec ies gr_ou£_ 

Wh i te oa ~~!/ Red oaks.Y 

Other hardwoods 

All hardwoods 

Vol ume . 

0 

Million ,bd , ft. 

676 

948 

1~ 721 

3,345 

: 

1 2 ___ """".,..._ Percent - -

1.8 6 o3 

3.J o 4 o7 

4. 0 6 o0 

3o3 5 o7 

l/ Includes white oa k~ che stnut oa k~ and post oak group" ~ Inc l udes bl ack oak 9 northern red oak 9 and other red oaks o 

20 

Log . 

& 3 ,_ .,_----

9lo 9 

92 . 3 

90 o0 

9lo 0 
KNOBS REGION 

Tabl e o~~T l cubic vol ume of sound wood on commercia l f orest area - . --=-.. .....__. . ~---~~-

QV species and rgj_ s~, of_J.!lll~_l950 

g Primary: gr

~ 

owing_~_! . 

0 

Species Total ; Saw l og ~ . Pol e Limbs . Cu. l 

TOESl/ 

0 0 

Tota l : ,_Eor tion . e ; trees . 

0 trees -- .... - '""" """" ... OC> ...... c= -Mil i on cubic f eet - - ~ <33>"""'..., 

Softwoods 23o 2 2Ju 6 8 o6 2,,7 l 0o 3 L 6 

White oak 209 o9 158 o7 80o5 3e 8 74 o4 42 ol 9 .1 

Post oak gr oup 24o 5 l 5 o5 9 o2 03 6 u0 4. 8 4o2 

Che stnut oak 41. 5 30o8 J 5 o3 o6 14o 9 8 . 0 2o7 

Bl ack oak 193 o9 137 o9 83o4 2o9 5L 6 43 o6 l 2o4 

No o red oak 96 v8 67 A 49 o7 lo3 J6 c4 26 o0 3o 4 

Other red oaks 29 o9 20o9 llo9 o3 8 o7 6 v2 2u8 

Hi ckory 136 o6 103o7 5lo 4 2o4 49 o9 26.9 6 o0 

El m .. 47 o2 30 o9 12 <-9 . o5 ' 17o 5· 6 u7 9o6 

Soft maple 39 o2 l7o 5 9 o7 04 7o 4 5 o0 l 6u 7 

Sugar mapl e ll 3o4 75 ol 32o 5 ,.3 42 o3 J7 oO 2la3 

Sycamore 24o3 l 6 o2, l2. o8 o6 2o 8 · 6 o7 L 4 

Ash 49o 3 36 o5 J6 o9 o8 l 8 o8 8 o8 4o0 

Ye U ow=poplar 84 o6 59 o3 40 o6 2o3 16 .4 2lo2 4o l 

Sweet gum 32 o2 24a5 l2o4 o8 1L3 6 a5 lo 2 

Bl ackgum . 22ol l 4o2 9o3 o2 4u 7' 4 o8 3o l 

Beech 138 o2 44. 2 36 o7 ol 7a4 19 ,. 2 74o8 

Black wa l nut 23o 2 l 4o9 7o 2 o3 7o 4 3.> 8 4 a5 

Other hardwoods 84 . 2 57o 9 20 .8 L 3 35 o8 10. 9 l 5 o4 

No ncomm o species 2o8 2o 8 

--·- All species 0 947 v7 52L 8 2l o9 404 o0 268 u2 20l al 

Percent 100 . 0 66 o9 l 8 o9 l 4o 2 

ll Includes onl y t he port i on of the upper stem capabl e of growing into 

saw- t l.mber size and quality. 

21 
KNOBS REGION 

Table ~-Cubl c volume of primary growing stock by species and 

stand- si ze cl ass, 1950 

Species 

Sof twoods 

White oak 

Pos t oak group 

Chestnut oak 

Black oak 

No o red oak 

Other red oaks 

Hickory 

El m 

Soft mapl e 

Sugar mapl e 

Sycamore 

Ash 

Ye ll ow-popl ar 

Sweetgum 

Bl ac kgum 

Beech 

Bl ack wa lnut 

Other hardwoods 

All species 

Perc ent 

Tota l 

Milli on Perc ent 

CU o ft o 

2L 6 

158 ,7 

15 05 

30o 8 

137 o9 

67 o4 

20 o9 

103o7 

30 . 9 

l7 o5 

75 ,1 

16 "2 

36 , 5 

59 ,3 

24 a5 

J4 a2 

44 o2 

l4o 9 

57 ,,9 

947 07 

2 o3 

l 6 o7 

la 6 

3o2 

l 4o6 

7 ol 

2 o2 

l 0 o9 

3 o3 

1. 8 

7o9 

lo7 

J o9 

6 o3 

2. 6 

L 5 

4 o? 

L 6 

6 ol 

l OO oO 

Large 

sawtimber 

Sma ll 

sawtimber 

Po l e- . 

0 

timber g 

area area area 

- ~ Seedling 

and 

saplijy' 

area 

- - - - Mi llion cubic f eet 

L 5 

40o 3 

7o 3 

5 o3 

4lo 5 

35 o6 

8 o9 

34o7 

9 o3 

7 o4 

29 o4 

8 ., 0 

13u4 

2::1o 7 

12 .> 8 

8 o6 

3L 9 

3o6 

24 o2 

352u4 

9 o9 

67 o4 

4 o2 

17.2 

54 . 1 

20 o2 

5 .1 

37 o5 

8 o8 

8 . 8 

26 . 7 

3u7 

l J oO 

l3 o6 

3.o 8 

2 . 2 

8 o0 

3. 1 

11.7 

3l9 a0 

8 . 9 

50 o9 

4 o0 

8 ., 3 

40 . 5 

11.6 

6 o9 

30 . 2 

l2o 5 

1. 3 

l 9 o0 

4 ol. 

9 . 8 

15 . 0 

7.9 

3. 4 

4 -. 3 

6 o6 

20.8 

28 .1 

L 3 

ol 

lo 3 

o3 

L 6 

1 o2 

Ll 

cl ~ng nonst ocked area s o --~------------------------------------

22 
KNOBS REGION 

Table 9 o~-Cub1 c volume of primary: gr owing st ock b_y stand-size 

,£1ass_a.nd tree-di ameter_cl as2.J. 1950 

~.,....,., 

. . ;28 inches e ~ 

Stand ~size ~ T0tal 8 l. O 2- 4 d 6-l8 20-22 g24-26 and 

class ~ in h~ht!$ g h~ s g inche s; inches g inches g 1 arger ~ 

- - - - = - - -- - Million cubic f eet - - - - - - - -

Large saw-timber 

ar ea 352o4 42.,4 3Jol 72o5 98 o0 67 o9 26o 8 l 3o 7 

Sma ll saw-timber 

area 31.9 o0 68 n5 63o 4 l43o7 34 o7 7o 0 lol o6 

Pol e-timber area 266 o0 128a3 67o5 49o 3 l 7o 5 2o9 o5 

Seedling and )j 

sapl ing area· 10 .. 3 6 o4 Ll 2ol '"'\ o L o5 

All cl asses 947 o7 245 a6 l 63ol 267o 6 150 o4 77o 8 28o9 l 4o3 

Percent 100 o0 25 o9 l7 o2 28 . 2 l 5o9 8o2 3o l L 5 

!7 Including nons t oe ked area so 

Tabl e l Oa--Average volume per acre by stand -si~e class. 1950 

Stand-siz e class 

Lar ge saw=timber area 

Sma ll saw-timber area 

Pole-timber area 

Seedling and sapl ing 

All cl asses 

areaY 

I7 Primary growing stock onlyo 

y Inc l uding nonstocked areas o 

Average vol ume per acre 

,Board f eet Cubic feetll 

59305 

39 071 

627 

57 

l 024 o4 

866. 8 

395 o2 

39o3 

575o4 

-

23 

-
UPLAND FLATS REGION 

24 
UPLAND FLATS· REG ION 

Tabl e o~ Fo t and nonfor.g,st ar ea bv county.\! 1950 

Total 

Count y l andl/ For est area No nfor e st area 

area 

Thousand Thousand Perc ent Thousand Perc ent re s acre s as; r es 

Dearborn 196 64 33 132 67 

Fayette 138 19 14 119 86 

Frankl in 252 72 29 180 71 

Jef ferson 234 81 35 153 65 

Jennings 241 75 31 166 69 

Ohio 56 20 36 36 64 

Ripl ey 283 66 23 217 77 

Switzerl and 141 45 32 96 68 

Union 108 15 14 93 86 

All Counties ~649 457 28 1 91 92 72 

ll Source~ Area of t he United ates ~ 940 ~ Uo So Bureau of the 

Census o 

25 
UPLAND FLATS REGION 

Tabl e 2.--Qorrunercial f orest area by ownership cl ass, 1950 

Ownership cl ass 

Federal: 

National f orest 

Other 

Tota l 

State 

Count y and Municipal 

Private 

All ownerships 

Commercia l f orest areal/ 

Thousand 

~ 

0 

0 

0 

434 

434 

Percent 

0 

0 

0 

100. 0 

lOO aO 

l/ _Doe s not inc l ude 19, 000 acres of for est land in Federal ownership, 

and 4, 000 acres in State ownership that is reserved from commercial timber use o 

6/ Less than 500 acres. 

26 
UPLAND FLATS REGION 

Tabl e 3.~-Co~merc l f orest area by forest type 

•and stand-size class. 1950 

. Large . Small . G 0 .. saw- saw- . Po l e- " 

Forest Type Total . timber . timber 0 0 0 0 timber 

area ar ea ~ area 

Thousand Per- <DO> - """' ._ ~T hou and acres - - acres ~ 

Hardwood-pine 7 lo 6 7 

Oak~hi ory 137 31.6 52 30 27 

Maple-beech 25 5. 8 20 2 3 

Mixed hardwoods 250 57.6 54 49 95 

Pin oak fl ats 5 lol 2 3 

Lowl and hardwood s 10 2. 3 6 2 2 

All Types 434 134 86 134 

Percent 100 . 0 30o9 19.8 30 .9 

17 No fi eld plots fe ll in non stocked areas. 

. .. Seedling . .. and . sapliiJ 0 

~ areal 

- ..... ...,""""""'"" 

. 28 

52 

80 

18. 4 

27 
UPLAND FLATS REGION 

Tabl e --§.~mb~lume on commercial fprest ar ea ~ecies 

.ang st and-siz!l c." s~9 0 

--~-------=--~----~--~--~~~~~~----~~~ Large Sma ll Seedling 

Species 

Softwoodsl/ 

Wh ite oak 

Post oak group 

Bl ack oak 

No o r ed oak 

Other red oaks 

Hickory 

El m 

Soft mapl e 

Sugar mapl e 

Sycamore 

Ash 

Ye llow-popl ar 

Sweetgum 

Bl ackgum 

Beech 

Bl ack wa l nut 

Ot her hardwoods 

All spec ies 

Perc ent 

. 

~ 

Tota l 

sa w~ saw·- Po l etimber timber t i mber 

and 

sapl ing 

area area are~- ar ea 

Miil.iQ.n 

bd u_fh 

Perc ent - - - - Mi llion board feet - - - - -

1 

152 

34 

62 

169 

30 

120 

6 3 

36 

55 

41 

49 

69 

39 

22 

j 24 

34 

59 

OoJ 

J.3uJ 

2o 9 

5 o4 

l 4 o6 

2a6 

~4 

5 o4 

3 .J 

4 .7 

3o 5 

4 o2 

6 ,.., 0 

3o4 

1o 9 

] Oo '7 

5 n1 

123 

26 

59 

ll6 

16 

84 

35 

3. 

45 

25 

24 

44 

27 

19 

118 

20 

26 

l 

21 

2 

3 

48 

14 

19 

21 

2 

7 

15 

15 

11 

10 

3 

5 

11 

28 

--~-~---· --· ---·~~-

lgl59 838 242 

JOOoO 

8 

6 

5 

5 

3 

0 

8 

2 

1 

3 

5 

63 

5 .4 

10 

2 

3 

l 

(y ) 

16 

lo 4 

y Consists mo stly of pine ; some red ~da . 

Y Less than Oa5 million board f eeL 

28 
UPLAND FLATS REG ION 

Tabl e ,. -~timber volume on commercial f orest area by 

,species afl_d tree-d iameter class.'l. 192.2 

~ 

. 

0 

Species Totalgl2-14s!/ 16- 18 . . 20- 22 24-26 28-30 . . g inehe 1 inches g_inches inches inches . 

0 

a.. .... .,... """' - - - ,_ MiJJ.lon board feet -

Softwoods 1 1 

White oak 152 34 56 44 11 7 

Po st oak group 34 10 6 4 7 

Bl ack oak 62 7 16 29 10 

No ., r ed oak 169 54 51 .30 12 12 

Other red oaks 30 11 8 7 4 

Hickory 120 43 31 16 30 

El m 63 25 21 11 2 

Soft mapl e 36 15 10 2 2 

Sugar mapl e 55 16 16 6 9 8 

Sycamore 41 24 5 8 4 

Ash 49 24 17 8 

Yellow=popl ar 69 26 1. 0 12 6 

Sweetgum 39 17 10 12 

Bl ackgum 22 8 1 7 6 

Beech 124 9 36 29 37 13 

Bl ack wa l nut 34 21 9 4 

Ot her hdwds o 59 44 8 7 

All species ~1 59 389 311 232 140 44 

~~-

Per cent l.OOoO 33o6 26 o8 20o0 l 2ol 3o8 

32 inches 

and 

larger 

7 

10 

4 

'J 

15 

43 

3o7 

jJ Le ss than 0. 5 million board feet reported i n 10-inch cla ss f or softwoods. 

29 
UPLAND FLATS REG ION 

Tabl e o~-H ardwood saw-timber vol ume by species group and percentage 

distribution in l og grades, 1950 

Species group 

White oa~~1/ Red oaks.Y 

o·ther hardwoods 

All hardwoods 

Vo l ume 

Million 

bd o fto 

186 

261 

711 

~1 58 

Log grade 

1 

~ Log grade : 

2 . 

e 

- - - - - - ~er nt - - -

9. 8 

i/ Includes white oak and post oak group o 

~ Inc l udes bl ack oak ~ nort hern red oak, and other red oaks o 

30 

Log grade 

3 
UPLAND FLATS REGION 

Tabl e ?o~-T ota l cupic volume of sound ma terial on commercia l f orest 

area by §Pecies and ~l ss of material~ 1950 

Primar Y. growing stock 

Species Total ~ Sawl og ; 

o~ ll : 

Pol e Limbs Cull 

I ot al .LQQ_rti on ~ t ree s trees ,,_, ,_. ,._ - - ~ - - - - Mi llion cubic f eet = - - ..... <ZZ> u. -

Softwoods lol lol 0. 3 (y) Oo8 

White oak 40 o8 28 o9 22 o7 o4 5 o8 11 o9 (y') Post oak group l 3o 9 9 o3 5 o2 o2 3o 9 2o7 lo 9 

Black oak l 8 o4 llo 2 9 o4 ol lo7 4 o9 2o3 

No o r ed oak 44o 5 29 o6 25o4 o6 3o6 l 3o3 L 6 

Other red oaks l 0o7 7o 9 4 o6 o2 3ol 2o4 o4 

Hi ckor y 42o 5 3lo 6 l 8ol o4 l3o 1. 9 o5 1 o4 

El m 28 o4 l 8o 4 9o7 o2 8o5 5ol 4o9 

Soft mapl e 16 o7 9o 0 5o5 o2 3o3 2o9 4 o8 

Sugar mapl e 26 o0 l 6o4 8o3 (y ) Bol 4 o4 5 o2 

Sycamore llo5 7o 5 6 o3 . 4 o8 3o3 .7 

Ash 2L5 16 . 9 7.7 o3 8o9 4o0 o6 

Yellow=poplar 20o0 l3o 7 10.3 o4 3. 0 5 o4 o9 

Sweet gum l 5 o3 ll o? 6 o2 o4 5 o1 3o 2 . 4 

Bl ackgum 7o3 5o2 3o4 o1 lo7 1.7 o4 

Beech 46 o7 l 9o1 17 o9 (,y ) 1. 2 9 o4 l 8o2 

Bl ack walnut l 4 o3 llo 2 5 o3 o2 5o7 2o8 o3 

Other hardwoods 36 o8 27 .2 9o5 o6 l7ol 4., 9 4.7 

Noncomm. species o3 o3 

All specie s 4l 6 o7 275o9 175o8 4o7 95 o4 9lo 8 49 o0 

Percent l. OOo O 66 o2 22o 0 llo8 

!I Includes onl y t he portion of the upper st em capabl e of growing into 

saw-timber size and quality. 

y' Less than Oo 05 million ubi~ fe et a 

31 
UPLAND FLATS REG ION 

Table So--Cubic volume of primary growi ng st ock by specie s a~ 

stand-size class. 1950 

Large Small Seedl ing 

saw~ saw~ Pol e- and 

Species Tot a l timber timber . 

0 timber u 

. sapling 

are.§._ area area ~ area 

Mi llion E~ .... -..,..., Million cubic feet - - - -

CUo fL 

Softwoods 1.1 Oe4 0 . 1 0.2 o.s 

White oak 2S o9 l 0o5 l9o S 6.7 1.4 lo O 

Post oak group 9 o3 3. 4 5 . 3 L 5 2.3 .2 

Bl ack oak llo2 4. 0 9.4 L 2 . 6 

No . red oak 29.6 10.7 1S. 5 10.1 1. 0 

Ot her red oaks 7.9 2.9 2. 6 4.4 o9 

Hickory 3L6 11. 4 16 .7 S.7 4.7 1. 5 

El m l So4 6 o7 s.o s.o L S o6 

Soft maple 9. 0 3.3 6 .4 . s lo S 

Sugar maple 16 . 4 5,9 1L4 3c 4 .3 1. 3 

Sycamore 7.5 2.7 4 . 2 2.7 .2 .4 

Ash 16 . 9 6. 1 6.6 5.7 4.6 

Yellow-popl ar 13 .7 5.0 6.S 3.3 3.6 

Sweet gum llo7 4.2 6 .S 2.8 2. 1 

B1ackgum 5 . 2 L 9 3. 6 L 6 (J/ ) O}> Beech 19. 1 6 . 9 1S,O .9 .2 (l/) Bl ack wal nut 11. 2 4.1 5. 1 2.7 3.3 .1 

Other hardwoods 27 . 2 9 . 9 7. S 10.,7 7. 9 oS 

All species 275., 9 157.1 75.4 36 . 6 6 . S 

Perc ent 100 . 0 56 o9 27.3 13.3 2. 5 

ll Less than 0. 05 million cubic f eet. 

32 
UPLAND FLATS REG ION 

Tabl e 9 .--Cubic vo lume of pri mary growing stock by stand-size c l ass 

and t ree- di ameter_£l ass. 95~ 

~28 inches 

Stand-size Tot al 6- 8 10 : 12-14 ;16- l 'B g20-22 :24-26 and 

class :inches~i hes :inc hes in es ~inches~in hes~ arger 

- - - - - - - - Million cubic f eet ~ - - ~ - ~ - - -

Large saw-timber 

area 157 .,1 l7o 5 12.7 28 o6 36 o8 31.5 l 7 o8 l2o2 

Small saw-timber 

area 75 A l 8 o3 l 6 o5 3l o5 7. 0 L 5 o6 

Po le-timber area 36 n6 17,5 8 .,7 5 o9 3o0 o9 o6 

Seedling and 

sapling area 6 o8 2o7 lo6 L l o2 L 2 

All cl asses 275 . 9 56 . 0 39o5 67 ol. 47 oO 33o 9 20 . 2 12. 2 

Percent l OO oO 20 o3 l 4o3 24 o3 l7ol l 2o3 7 o3 4 o4 

Tabl e l Oo--Average volume ~r acre by st and- size cl as§.,_ 1950 

Stand-size c l ass Average volume per acre --------------------------------~--------8-o_a_r~d--f_e_e_t______ Cub--ic __ f_e_e_t~llrr----~ 

Large saw-timber area 

Smal l saw- t imber area 

Pol e-timber area 

Seedling and sapl ing area 

All cl asses 

i/ Primary growing stock onl y o 

~2 4 

4 

470 

200 

1172n4 

876 o7 

273 ,,1. 

85 a0 

635 o7 

33 
FOREST SURVEY PROCEDURE 

The inventory of the forest resour ces of Southern Indiana wa s 

made during the period November 1949 t o December l950o The sampling procedure used involved an office study of aerial phot ographs and a fi el d 

examinati on of randoml y sel ected f orest and no nfore st pl ots. 

The proporti on of f orest l and in each county wa s obtained by 

pl acing a transparent templ ate marked with uniforml y spaced dots over 

aerial phot ographs and by counting the number of dots f alling on forest 

and nonf ore st ar eas o The percentage of forest dots in a county, multiplied by the t ot al area gave a prelimi nary estima t e of the f orest area u 

This was l ater adjusted aft er field examination i ndicat ed t he number 

of pl ots that had changed fr om fore st to nonf ore st since the date of 

aeri al photography , and vice versa . 

The l ocation of a sel ected number of dots fa l ling on f orest 

l and was marked on the photographs. The acre surrounding each marked 

dot was examined under stereoscope and was c l assified by st and si ze 

cl ass on the ba sis of the eight~ cr own wi dth , and number of t rees on 

the pl ato Pl ot s to be examined in the fi el d were randoml y drawn from 

those classified under stereoscope o In maki ng thi s sel ection t he 

greatest weight wa s given t o the stand-size cl asse s contai ning the 

l argest timber vol ume o In addit n~ severa l nonforest pl ots were 

selected for fie l d examination to measure the movement of open l and to 

forest since the date of photography" 

The l ocations of the sel ected fi el d plots were marked on the 

photographs ~ which were t hen sent to the fi el d " Crews of two men each 

l ocated t hese points on the ground o On forest l and a l /5 .. acr e cir cul ar 

plot was established for wh ich spec i es 3 si ze ~ qua li ty ~ and growth of 

trees were recor ded o 

The f ollowing tabul ation gi ves the number of dots and pl ots 

exami ned f or each of the three reg i onsa 

Ut2l and 

Lower Waba sh Knobs Fl ats 

R~ n Jiggion Region 

Number of phot o dots counted 

f or forest-area determi nati on 24 34 35 3866 14~ 55? 

Number of pl ots stereoscopi ca l l y 

exami ned on phot os ~943 3~ 098 890 

Number of forest pl ot s fi ei d 

examined 386 675 170 

Number of nonfore st pl ots fi eld 

examined 65 81 21 

34 
St atistical anal ysis of f o:re_V:area and timber-volume dat a 

shows t he f oll owing sampling errors · for each of the three r egi onso 

Regiou Fore st area Saw-timber vol ume 

(M acres} (Percent ) (Mi llion ( Percent) 

cu. ftc) 

Lower Wabash 793 3o2 449 n4 3o9 

Knobs 1 647 L 6 947 o7 2 n7 

Upland Flats 434 4o0 27 5 o9 5n6 

These est imates of sampling err or do not include er rors resulting from t he devel opment and application of volume t abl es and 

cull fact rs~ or from mistakes in measurement or judgment o All 

phases of fi el d and offi ce work were closely supervised t o keep 

these err ors t o a minimum. Since the percentage error inc reases 

wi th each subdivision of t he tal~ sma ll acreage s or vol umes may 

have l arge err ors and may theref ore i nd i cate onl y rel ative magni- tudes o 

lJ At one standard deviation; Leo~ the (;hanc es are two out of 

t hree th t~ i f the survey were repeated, the t ot al f ore st ar ea or 

vol ume fi gures wo uld not differ more t han the errors shown in this 

t abl e a 

35 
EXPLANAT ION OF TERMS ~E!L 

Forest l and.--Includes (a) l ands which are at l east 10 percent stocked 

by trees of any size and capabl e of producing timber or other 

wood rodu ct ~ or of exerting an influence on the cl imate or on 

the water regime; (b ) l and from which the trees described in (a) 

have been r emoved to l ess than 10 percent stocki ng and which 

have not been deve l oped f or other use; (c) f~ orested areas; and 

(d) chaparral areas. 

The minimum area that wi ll qualify as for est l and i s 1 acre . 

Strips of timber must be at l ea st 120 feet wide before the area 

will qualify as f orest l and . Co nversel y, clearings, streams, 

and unimproved treel ess strips l ess than 1 acre in area or less 

than 120 feet in width within forest areas will be c l assified 

as forest l and . Improved rights- of-way such as graded roads , 

railroads, or transmissi on l ines will be cl assified as nonforest 

regard l ess of wid th. 

Commercial f orest l and .--Forest l and which is ( a ) producing , or 

physically capabl e of pr od ing ~ usable crops of wood (usually 

saw timber ), ( b ) economically avail abl e now or prospectively, 

and (c) not withdrawn fr om timber utilization. 

Reserved forest land .--Forest land that has been withdrawn from 

timber util ization through statut ~ ordinanc e , or admi nistrative 

order. 

Noncommercial forest l and.--Forest l and incapable of yielding 

usable wood product s (usually saw timber) because of adverse 

site ondit ons ~ or so physically i nacc essi bl e as to be perman- ently unavai l abl e economically , and not withdrawn f or specified 

purposes o 

Forest t ypes 

36 

Hardwood-pine o- -Forests of pines, ak~ and other hardwoods in 

which pines compri se 25-50 percent of the dominant and codominant trees. 

Oak-hickory .--Forest s of hardwoods in which oaks and hickories 

comprise at l east 50 percent of the dominant and codom\inant 

t rees, except where pines compr ise 25 percent or more ~ in which 

case the stand would be cl assifi ed as hardwood-pine . 

Mapl e- beech .--Forests in which at l east 50 percent of the dominant 

and codomi nant t rees are sugar maple or beech , singl y or in 

combination o 
~~odso ~=Forests in which 50 perc ent or more of the 

stand is upl and as h~ ~ basswood $ wa ln t~ soft map s~ or 

associat ed sp cie ~ singly or i n omb na ti ~ exc ept where pines 

comprise 25 perc ent or more of the st nd~ i n wh ich case t he 

stand would be classed as har dwood-pine a 

Pin ~o~ es ts on poor l y drained flats in whi ch 25 

percent of the dominant and codomi nant t rees are pi n oakso 

Lowl and hardwood s.- or ests on character istically mo ist to wet 

sites where 50 perc ent or mor e of t he stand is composed of 

ore ~ kberr ~ honey l ocust 9 lac:k um~ wee um~ southern 

ypre ss~ sh~ elm9 ill ow ~ cott wood~ and red and silver map ~ 

singl y or in combinati ono 

Tree cla sses 

Saw-t imber re~ --A live sof twood (conifer ous) t ree at l east 

9 a0 inche s d aboh o or live hardwood trees of couwercial spec ies 

at l east 11 aO i nche s cL b. h o 3 with a sound butt log at l east 8 

f eet ong~ or wi th at least half of the gro ss vol ume of t he 

t ree i n sound ma t eri al o 

Pol e-timber ee A liv ~ sound t ree at l east 5 a0 i nches d ab.ha 

but l ess than saw-timber si ze t hat gives promise of becoming a 

saw=timber t reeo 

Cull ree a~-A live tree at l east 5"0 inche s d ab., ha that does 

not qualify as a s aw-timber or po l e-timber t ree because of 

pe ci s~ poor orm~ li mb in ss~ ro t~ or other def ect. 

Volume estimates 

Board-foot volume includes t he volume of that portion of l i ve 

saw-timber t ree s merchantabl e for saw og s~ but not l ess than 8 

inche s in dlame t er (see specification f or gr ade 3 hardwood ogs~ 

page 38)a Vo lume deductions have been made for rot ~ roo k~ and 

other def ects" Board-f oot volumes are shown i n the International 

1/4-inch l og rule 9 which approxima t es green lumber t allya 

Cubic- f oot volume 

Ict al vol ume includes the sound wood inside bark i n both 

sound and cull living tree s 5o0 inches d aboha and arger ~ 

f rom the st ump t o a mi nimum t op diame t er of 4a0 inches 

inside barka It includes the upper st ems of so ftwood trees 

and the upper stems and limbs of har dwood sa 

31 
Growing st ock includes the volume of sound wood inside 

bark J.n (l ) the sawlog portion of saw-timber t rees 1 (2) 

the upper st em of soft wood saw-timber trees to a minimum 

t op diamet er of 4o0 i nches i nside bark3 (3) t he upper 

stem of hardwood saw-timber trees t o the limit of potential merchantabi lity f or saw ti mber ~ but never l ess than 

4 inche s insi de bar k~ and .(4) pol e-timber trees t o a 

mi nimum t op di ameter of 4o0 i nches inside barko 

St and-size cla ss 

Large saw timber a- - Stands having a m1mmum net vol ume of 1500 

board feet per acre in saw-ti mber tre s~ and having more than 

ha lf of t his vol ume in t r ee s 15a0 i nches d. b. h o and larger. 

Small saw· timbero--Stands havi ng a net vol ume of 1500 board 

feet per acre in saw-timber trees, and having at l east half 

of this vol ume in t~ees smaller than l 5o0 inches d. b. h. 

,Po l e timber.--Stand s f ailing to meet the saw-timber stand 

specifications 3 but at Jea ... t 10 percent st ocked with poletimber and l arger trees and wi t h at ] east half the minimum 

stocking i n po e~ti mbe r tree s n 

Seedlings anQ_Saplingsa--Stands no t qua l ifying as either sawtimber or po l e-ti mber stands but having at l ea st 150 seedlings 

and sapl i ngs of commercial species per acre. 

Nonstocked o--Commerc i al f orest l and not qualifying for any 

other class o 

Hardwood l og grades 

38 

Gr ade lo --Butt logs at l ea st l4c0 inches (uppers at l east 16 

inches) in diameter insi de bark with five- sixths of the surf ace on the three be st f aces cl ear of defect in not more than 

t wo uttings ~ (mi nimum l ength of cutting variabl e 9 3-7 feet , 

depending upon l og diameter and po sition i n t ree ). Lumber from 

such l ogs will normally grade at :i ea st 60 perc ent No. 1 common 

and better o 

Grade 2.--Log s at l east 12 inche s in diameter inside bark with 

two- thi rd s of the sur f ace on the t hree best faces cl ear of defect in not more t han three uttings~ (minimum l ength of cutting , 

3 feet ) o Lumber from such l og s wi 11 nor ma lly grade at least 35 

percent No. 1 common and bettero 

Grade 3o--Merc hant abl e l ogs at l east 8. 0 i nches i n diameter inside bark which do not meet the requirements of higher grades o 

Such l ogs will normally produc e l ess than 35 percent No. 1 

common and better l umber or will be mitab e f or ties or timbers. 
Species list ed 

Softwoods 

Virginia pine 

Shortleaf pine 

Pitch pine 

Wh ite pine 

Bal dcypress 

Redcedar 

Hemlock 

Hardwoods 

Wh ite oak 

Post oak group cludes~ 

Post oak 

Swamp wh ite oak 

Swamp chestnut oak 

Overcup oak 

Bur oak 

Chinquapin oak 

Chestnut oak 

Bl ack oak cludes~ 

Bl ack oak 

Scarl et oak 

Nort hern r ed oak nc udes~ 

Northern red oak 

Swamp red oak 

Cherrybark oak 

Other red oaks inc lude: 

Southern red oak 

Pin oak 

Wi llow oak 

Wa t er oak 

Shingl e oak 

Hi ckory 

El m 

Soft mapl e include s; 

Red mapl e 

Silver mapl e 

Boxel der 

Sugar mapl e 

Sycamore (Ameri can) 

Ash 

Ye llow-popl ar 

Pinus virginiana 

- Pinus echinata 

- Pinus rigida 

- Pinus strobus 

- Taxodium dist i chum 

~ J uni perus i~ in a 

- Tsuga canadensis 

- Quer cus al ba 

- Quercus st ellata 

- Qgercus bi col or 

- Quercus Qrinus ~ Quercus l yrag 

~ Quercus ma ro ~ 

~ Quercus muehl enbergii 

- QQercus mo ntana 

- Quer cus vel utina 

- Quercus cocc i nea 

- Quercus borea l i s 

- Quercus fa lcata var o pagodaefol ia 

- QQercus f alc ata var o l eucophylla 

- Qyercus f alc ata 

- Quercus_2a l ust r i s 

Q!dercus phellos 

Q_uer cus nigra 

Quer cus i mbricaria 

.Qarya §.Qecies 

Ul mus se§tcies 

= Acer rubrum 

- Acer saccharinum 

- Acer negundo 

- Acer sac charum - a~t.anus oc;ddentalis 

- Fraxinus s12ecies 

- Lir i odendron tul i pifera 

39 
Co t tonwood (Eastern) 

Cottonwood (Swamp) 

Sweetgum 

Blackgum 

Blackgum (Swamp ) 

Beech 

Black wa lnut 

Other hardwoods - include al l 

- Populus de l toides 

- Popul us heteruQhylla 

- Liguidambar styraciflua 

Nyssa sylvatica 

- Nyssa aguatica 

- F£gus grandifolia 

- Jugl ans nigra 

other commercial hardwood species c 

Noncommercial species - include species that do not normally have 

commercial value such as hawthorn , redbud~ hornbeam~ hophornbeam~ 

alder, and serViceberry. 

40 
~ JB. fJIUSWoJ;W ..___ -........:: ---·-· . 

TERRITORY SERVED BY THE 

CENTRAL STATES - FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION 

FOREST SERVICE 

- U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

IOWA 

0 · 

0 

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INDIANA