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UNITED STATESNUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONOFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY AND SAFEGUARDSWASHINGTON, D.C. 20555

December 31, 1997

**Addressees**

All industrial radiography licensees.

**Purpose**

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing this information notice to alert addressees to potential failuresof control (drive) cables used on Amersham Model 660 Posilock radiography systems. It is expected that recipients willreview this information for applicability to their radiographic equipment and consider actions, as appropriate,to avoid similar problems. However, suggestions contained in this information notice are not NRC requirements; therefore,no specific action nor written response is required.

**Description of Circumstances**

Recently, NRC became aware of several instances where the control cables used on Amersham Model 660 Posilockradiography systems became disconnected from the source assemblies. In each instance, the control cable broke at the maleend of the control cable, and emergency procedures were implemented to return the source to the fully shielded and securedposition. Three recent cases are described below:

Case 1: On November 16, 1997, a licensee was performing routine radiographic operations at a temporary job site. At thecompletion of the ninth radiographic exposure, the radiographer attempted to retract the source assembly into theradiography camera, using the remote drive assembly. The radiographer observed that his survey meter reading did notchange as expected as the control cable was being retracted. Furthermore, the radiographer noted that the self-lockingmechanism on the radiography camera had not actuated. The radiographer operated the remote drive assembly again, butdid not succeed in returning the source assembly to the fully shielded and secured position. The radiographer and hisassistant then implemented emergency procedures, maintained control of the area, and contacted their radiation safetyofficer (RSO). The RSO responded to the temporary job site and successfully recovered the source assembly, placing it intoan Amersham 650L source changer. The licensee then reported the source disconnect to the NRC Operations Center. Thelicensee also submitted a 30-day report to the NRC.

Case 2: On December 8, 1997, this same licensee reported another source disconnect, also at a temporary job site, wherethe control cable failed in the same manner. In this instance, an Amersham representative retrieved the disconnected sourceassembly. The licensee reported the source assembly disconnect on the same day of the event. In addition to these twosource disconnects, this licensee reported to NRC that it had two previous source assembly disconnects on AmershamModel 660 Posilock radiography systems, both having similar failures of the control cable. These disconnects occurred in1995 and 1996.

Case 3: On November 21, 1997, another licensee was performing routine radiographic operations at a temporary job site.The radiographers noted that the source assembly had not retracted to the fully shielded and secured position, implementedemergency procedures, and notified their RSO. The RSO and a former RSO responded to the temporary job site andsuccessfully recovered the source assembly, returning it to the radiography camera. The control cable failed in a similarmanner to the previous two cases. Normal operations were resumed using another control cable. The licensee did not reportthe source disconnect to the NRC Operations Center within the 24-hour timeframe, as required by 10 CFR 30.50(b)(2), butdid submit a 30-day report.

**Discussion**

In all the cited cases, the control cable failed at a point approximately 0.33 - 1.25 centimeter (0.125 - 0.5 inch) behind themale connector. The failed equipment from each instance has been returned to the manufacturer for failure analysis. Ametallurgical analysis has been completed on two of the control cables with the results indicating failure from fatigue andfailure due to corrosion and/or fatigue. The cause of the remaining failures is still under investigation by the manufacturer.Due to these failures, it is recommended that the control cable be carefully checked before each day's use and during thequarterly maintenance checks, as required by 10 CFR 34.31(a) and (b), for indications of corrosion, metal fatigue, or otherearly indications of cable failure. It is important to note that these control cables can be purchased off-the-shelf and may beused on radiography systems manufactured by various companies, and, therefore, these failures may not be limited tocontrol cables used on Amersham Model 660 Posilock radiography systems.

Each of the source disconnects discussed above required the radiographers to implement emergency procedures to returnthe source assembly to the fully shielded and secured position. Implementation of emergency procedures is crucial tosuccessful source assembly retrieval as well as to ensuring that exposure of radiographers and members of the publicremain as low as is reasonably achievable. In all three cases, after identifying that the source assembly had becomedisconnected from the control cable, the radiographers adequately secured and controlled the area surrounding thedisconnected source assemblies. In addition, the exposures to the individuals involved in the source assembly retrievalswere well within regulatory limits. Therefore, it is important to implement and adhere to emergency procedures whensource assembly disconnects are identified.

A source assembly disconnect on the Amersham Model 660 radiography system can be identified by two methods. First,upon completion of retracting the control cable, the self-locking mechanism should engage, revealing a green dot. This canbe identified by observing the indicator (lock slide) on the locking mechanism. Failure of the self-locking mechanism toengage would cause the red dot to remain visible on the lock slide, thus indicating the source was not secured in the fullyshielded position, although not necessarily indicating a source assembly disconnect. Second, when the survey to verify thatthe source assembly has been returned to its shielded position is performed after each radiographic exposure, as required by10 CFR 34.49(b), typical dose rates around the radiography camera and the guide tube should be observed. However, if thedose rates observed are not typical for a fully shielded source assembly (e.g., the dose rates may be lower if the sourceassembly remained in the collimator or the dose rates may be higher if the source assembly is located within the guidetube), then the situation should be further investigated. Therefore, it is important to use the survey meter and to pay carefulattention to its readings and the self-locking mechanism indicator to identify circumstances that are not normal.

In cases of unintentional disconnection of the source assembly from the control cable or the inability to retract the sourceassembly to its fully shielded and secured position, licensees must notify NRC within 24 hours, pursuant to the regulationsin 10 CFR 30.50(b)(2). The notification must be made to the NRC Operations Center. In addition to making a notificationwithin 24 hours, the licensee must also submit a written report to NRC within 30 days, as required by 10 CFR 30.50(c)(2)and 10 CFR 34.101(a). One report can satisfy both of these requirements, but it must include: (1) a description of theequipment problem; (2) cause of each incident, if known; (3) manufacturer and model number of equipment involved in theincident; (4) place, time, and date of the incident; (5) actions taken to establish normal operations; (6) corrective actionstaken or planned to prevent recurrence; and (7) qualifications of personnel involved in the incident [10 CFR 34.101(b)].Additional information on reporting requirements for industrial radiography licensees can be found in Information Notice96-04, "Incident Reporting Requirements for Radiography Licensees."

Reporting such problems to NRC is important because it provides the opportunity for NRC to verify that the material hasbeen properly secured and has not been released into the public domain. If notified early, NRC can help ensure that allnecessary regulatory actions are completed. In addition, NRC reviews this information to determine if trends or genericsafety issues exist that have the potential to cause a significant safety hazard. If a generic safety issue is identified, thoselicensees that may be affected will be notified and informed of the proper actions to reduce or eliminate similar incidents inthe future and to protect the health and safety of both the occupational workers and the public. It is important to point outthat these failures have not been identified as a generic safety issue at this point in time, but that the recommendationsprovided in this information notice should be considered by those licensees who use Amersham Model 660 Posilockradiography systems.

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts (hereafter, Commonwealth) has been informed of all the cases discussed above andis working with Amersham on the determination of whether these failed control cables represent a generic safety issue.NRC will coordinate with the Commonwealth to determine if any actions are necessary, based on the findings from thefailure analyses being performed by Amersham.

This information notice requires no specific action nor written response. If you have any questions about the information inthis notice, please contact the technical contact listed below or the appropriate regional office.

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