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Ashland NFWCO
 Midwest Region
 Dedicated To The Tribal Aquaculture Program December
        2000 - Volume 34
  **Administrative
        Coordinator:
        Frank G. Stone 
        (715-682-6185) Ext.
        202
        U.S. Fish and
        Wildlife Service
        Email: 
        [email protected]**
      **Edited
        By:
        Elizabeth W. Greiff 
        (715-349-2195) Ext. 141
        St. Croix Tribal Nat. Res. Depart.
        Email:**
      **[email protected]**
 Topics
Of Interest: Index to Previous Issues of the MTANEffects of Ram-Air VentilationOperational Procedures
        for Isolation of Fishes
Index to Previous Issues of the MTAN The first issue of the MTAN appeared in June 1992. The concept of the
newsletter was conceived as a means of sharing both fish culture and tribal fish
hatchery information. Over the eight years that the MTAN has been providing
information for tribal fish hatchery programs, numerous topic areas have been
discussed. The MTAN felt it was time to once again print an index of previous
issues to help our readers locate specific articles of interest. Topic Area/MTAN Volume Numbers: Alarm Systems/10,
      12, 33
      Anaesthetizing Fish/6,
      8, 22
      Arctic Char/20
      AquaMats/ 27,
      32
      Bacterial Gill Disease (BGD)/11,
      23
      Big Redd/3,
      19, 22
      Baitfish/13,
      14
      Birds/25,
      28
      Buildings/ 27
      Carp/2
      Chemical Treatments/13,
      28, 32,
      33
      Diffusers/ 27
      Distribution/20
      Domes/17
      Education/13
      Eggs/8, 10,
      12, 13,
      19, 20
      Equivalents/ 29
      Fee Fishing/9
      Fertilizing Ponds/23,
      27
      Filters/20,
      21, 27
      Financial Loans/2,
      5, 27
      Fish Feeds and Diet/7,
      8, 22
      Fish Culture/2,
      3,4,8, 9,
      11, 12,
      19, 20,
      21, 22
      Feeders/ 31
      Fish Health/4,
      8, 9,
      10, 12,
      13, 14,
      15, 17,
      18, 19,
      25, 28,
      29
      Float Switches/29
      Genetics/6,
      7
      Gulf Sturgeon/ 30,
      31
      Habitat/ 27,
      32
      Hatchery Spotlight/ 31
      Hatchery Tips/1,
      3, 4,
      5, 12,
      13, 14,
      15, 16,
      17, 18,
      19, 20,
      21, 22,
      24, 28,
    29, 31
  
  Lake White Fish/6
    Lake Sturgeon/7,
    10, 23,
    28
    Light/14, 27
    Liming Of Ponds/21,
    28
    Manufacturers/1,
    3, 5,8, 18, 27
    Muskie/5
    Muskrat/25
    Nets/7
    Oxygen/9, 11,
    16, 20,
    27
    Ozone/21
    pH/ 29
    Phone Dialer/9,
    33
    Pond Liners and Sealers/6,
    7, 14,
    21, 27
    Pond Management/ 29
    Publications/5,
    30
    Pumps/27, 28,
    29
    Radon Gas/2
    Recirculating Systems/20
    Record Keeping/8
    Rotenone/21
    Salt/5, 7,
    10
    Swim Bladder/7,
    8
    Sucker/9
    Tanks/27
    Transportation/ 28,
    29,
    33
  Tribal Environmental Handbook/ 30
  Trout/ 3, 8,
  10, 17,
  20, 21,
  22
  Walleye/ 2, 3,
  7, 8,
  9, 11,
  12, 14,
  15, 17,
  18, 19,
  20, 27,
  28
  Water Quality/ 15,
  20, 28
  World Wide Web (WWW)/ 11,
  20, 23
  Yellow Perch/ 14,
  24, 32
  Zebra Mussel/ 2,
  7, 25Previous MTAN Volumes and Topics Of Interest:

Volume
33: Award
presented to Beth Greiff, Two Hatchery Trucks Find a New Home, System Monitors
for Fish Hatcheries, Sodium Bicarbonate.
Volume 32:
  AquaMats, SuperBugs, Perch Rearing at the Poplar Fish Farm.
Volume 31:
  Minnesota Aquaculture Conference, Tribal Hatchery Spotlight; Red Cliff and White
  Earth, Gulf Sturgeon (part 2 of 2), Hatchery Tip.
Volume 30:
  We're Back, Cool Water Course, Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Red Lake Indian
  Reservation, Gulf Sturgeon (part 1 of 2), Environmental Handbook, Lac du
  Flambeau Fish Hatchery.
Volume 29:
  Fish Truck Goes to LCO, Bird Netting, Winter Pond Management, Fish Health,
  Hatchery Tips.
Volume 28:
  Algae and Aquatic Weed Control, Lake Sturgeon Feeding, Whirling Disease, Liming
  Ponds, Pumping Water Without Electricity, Handling Walleye, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 27:
  Product Manufactures, New Stuff Now on The Market, Preparation/Application of
  Fertilizers For Ponds, AquaMats - Product Applications, Walleye Growth Using
  AquaMats, Funding Sources For Tribal Hatcheries.
Volume 26:
  Index to Previous Issues of the MTAN, Previous MTAN Volumes and Topics Of
  Interest, Fish Health Management Review, Basic Types of Pond Fertilizers,
  Walleye Fingerling Culture In Undrainable Natural Ponds.
Volume 25:
  Matters of Fish Health, Zebra Mussels, Muskrat Control, Bird Damage Control,
  Maximize Your Hatchery's Budget To Train Your Staff.
Volume 24:
  New Aquaculture Alliance Proposed for the Red Lake Reservation, Hatchery Tips
  From Across the Nation.
Volume 23:
  Pond Fertilization Methods and Walleye Rearing Techniques, Growth Performance of
  Juvenile Lake Sturgeon, BGD, Aquaculture Web Sites on the Internet.
Volume 22:
  3 MTAN Updates, Big Redd Incubator Problems, Anesthetizing Hatchery Brook Trout
  with Sodium Bicarbonate, Fry Culture Technique Successful, Cold Water Feeding of
  Trout, Hatchery Tip, Feed Sizes For Trout.
Volume 21:
  Keweenaw Bay Tribal Hatchery Helps USFWS Trout Program, Liming Of Ponds,
  Reducing Fish Production Cost, Using Bentonite Clay To Seal Leaking Ponds,
  Guidelines For The Use Of Rotenone, Sand Filters, Silicones Show Promise As Net
  Antifoulants, The Use Of Ozone In Hatcheries, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 20:
  Tribal Fish Hatchery Programs Find A New Home On The WWW, Fish Transportation
  Methods Used on the Leech Lake Reservation, Coaster Brook Trout Eggs, Aeration
  May Consume More Than 50% Of Your Total Electrical Energy, Air Lift Systems Used
  To Recirculate Water, It Takes A Lot More Than A Few Bubbles To Do It Right,
  Pure Oxygen or Aeration, How to Clean Diffusers, Incubation Of Walleye Eggs At
  Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery, Arctic Char Culture in Wisconsin, The Right
  Equipment and Technology To Raise Fish for the Future, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 19:
  Leech Lake's Winnibigoshish Fish and Wildlife Pond Complex; Stripping,
  Fertilizing and Incubating Walleye Eggs with Big Redd Incubators; Status of
  Aquaculture Drugs; Fish Marketing Concepts; Hatchery Tips.
Volume 18:
  Tribal Resource Programs May Be Required To Pay For NETC Courses, Walleye
  Culture Manual, Managing Around Cool Water Disease Problems, Clinical Signs Of
  Toxicosis, Product Manufacturers, 2 Hatchery Tips, Last Word.
Volume 17:
  Dome Technology In Aquaculture, Control Growth Rate Of Trout, Effects Of Density
  On Fish Growth, Walleye Spawning In Michigan, External Signs Of Disease
  Problems, Tribal Hatchery Updates, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 16:
  Pond Aeration, Pond Aeration-Matching Equipment To Needs, Tribal Hatchery
  Updates, 2 Hatchery Tips.
Volume 15:
  Meeting Announcement, Bacterial Diseases, Treatment Of Fish Diseases, Pond
  Culture Of Walleye Fingerlings, Water Quality Test Methods, Effluents From
  Coolwater Ponds, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 14:
  Baitfish Production (part 2), Using Light To Harvest and Feed Fish, Fish Health
  Management For Intensive Fish Farming, A Fish Health Note, Walleye Production
  Using Pond Liners, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 13: MTAN Needs Your Help, Chemical Treatments, Work Those Gills,
  Education>Awareness=Support, Baitfish Production, Disease Problems In
  Baitfish Culture, Flow Rates Control Fungal Infections, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 12:
  Hatchery Operations, Hatchery Security System, Brookstock Isolation Facility,
  Cotton Wool Disease On Fish Eggs, Early Mortality Syndrome, Old Generator Finds
  New Home, Hatchery Tip, The Last Word.
Volume 11:
  Aquaculture On Line And On Screen, Oxygen Injection Backup System, Maximize Your
  Hatchery Budget, Intensive Walleye Culture, Tank Culture Techniques For Walleye,
  Fingerling Walleye Production At Garrison Dam, BGD In Hatchery's, Hatchery Tip.
Volume 10:
  Lake Sturgeon Egg Take Procedures, Lake Sturgeon Management, Twelve Uses Of
  Salt, Salt Fungicidal On Trout Eggs, Pump Alarm System, Hatchery Fomites,
  Hatching Eggs Out Of Water.
Volume 9:
  Sucker Propagation and Rearing, Fee Fishing Operations, Oxygen Supplementation,
  Warts On Walleye, Floating Raceway System, Automatic Phone Dialer.
Volume 8:
  Application Process for an Environmental Protection Agency Permit To Use MS-222,
  Proper Storage and Handling of Fish Feeds, Great Lakes Fish Disease Control
  Policy, An on Site Mini Hatchery System for Walleye, Common-Sense Rules for
  Research Recordkeeping, Influence of Stocking Densities on Walleye Fry Viability
  in Experimental and Production Tanks, Detecting Swim Bladder Inflation in
  Fingerling Walleyes, Hydrogen Peroxide Controls Fungal Infections On Trout Eggs,
  Product Manufacturers.
Volume 7:
  Swim Bladder Inflation in Walleyes, Surface Water Spray, Diet and Phase Feeding,
  Protecting Genetic Resources, Therapeutic Salt Treatments for Preventing
  Transport of Zebra Mussels, Trap and Gill Nets, Larval Diet Studies for Lake
  Sturgeon, Diet Preferences for Lake Sturgeon, Pond Liners for Hatchery Rearing
  Facilities (two reports).
Volume 6:
  Intensive Culture Techniques For Lake Whitefish, Alternative Methods For
  Anesthetizing Fish, Eggs/Apples and Fish, Applications For Synthetic Liners In
  Fish Hatchery Rearing Ponds, Plastic Pond Liners At Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin
  Aquaculture Advisory Council.
Volume 5:
  Great Lakes Spotted Muskie Production - 1990, Aquaculture Publications, Use and
  Application of Salt in Aquaculture, Financial Sources For Funding Aquaculture
  Programs, Hatchery Tips, Product Manufacturers.
Volume 4:
  Fish Culture and Resource Agencies, Equipment Disinfection, Miscellaneous Stuff,
  Hatchery Tips.
Volume 3:
  The Twilight Zone Comes To Your Fish Hatchery, Walleye Spawn Collection and Big
  Redd Operating Procedures, Brown Trout Spawning Protocol, Fish Hatchery
  Supplies, Hatchery Tips.
Volume 2:
Walleye Fingerling Fertilization in Earthen Ponds, FmHA Aquaculture Loans, Zebra
Mussel, Toxic Bait For Carp Control, Stress and Fish Culture, Walleye - A Light
and Temperature Experiment, Radon Gas.
Volume 1:
  The First Midwest Tribal Aquaculture Newsletter Goes to Print, Egg Incubation
Systems and Rearing Tanks Find a New Home, Hatchery Tips, Manufacturers of Fish
Hatchery Related Supplies.
Effects
  of Ram-Air Ventilation During Transportation on Water Quality and Physiology of
  Walleye Fingerlings(presented at the Tri-State
  Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, La Crosse, WI-January 7, 1999) By: James A. Forsberg, Iowa State University, Department of
Animal Ecology, Email: [email protected]
and Bruce A. Barton, University of South Dakota, Department of Biology, Email: [email protected]
and Robert C. Summerfelt, Iowa State University, Department of Animal Ecology,
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:Ram-air ventilation (RAV) of the air
  space in a fish hauling tank is achieved by equipping the tank with both
  forward- and rear-facing air scoops. To evaluate the benefits of RAV, we
  data-logged values every 5-min for dissolved oxygen (O2), pH, and
  temperature in hauling tanks with and without (control) RAV during a 6-h haul.
  Levels of CO2 were estimated from the pH-alkalinity relationship. To
  determine if RAV reduced hauling stress experienced by fingerling walleyes after
  a 6-h transport, blood samples were taken for measurement of physiological
  stress indicators, blood gases, and for assessment of acid-base status. Blood
  samples were collected before loading (preload), after loading (postload), and
  at the end of a 6-h trip (posthaul).The mean CO2 for the trip was substantially lower and pH higher in
  water of tanks equipped with RAV compared with water of the control tanks. At
  posthaul, blood pCO2 in fish from RAV tanks was significantly lower
  than blood pCO2 levels in fish from the control tanks. At posthaul,
  blood HCO3-concentrations were much higher in fish from the control
  tanks compared with fish from the RAV tanks, which is a homeostatic compensation
  for high pCO2. At postload and posthaul, levels of two indicators of
  stress (plasma cortisol and blood glucose) were higher in fish from control
  tanks than in fish from RAV-equipped tanks.  Equipping transport tanks
  with RAV improved water quality, and reduced physiological stress by venting CO2
  from the air space above the water.
Operational
  Procedures for Isolation of Fishes at Genoa National Fish Hatchery By: Roger Gordon, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Genoa National Fish Hatchery
Genoa National Fish Hatchery has been designated as
  a regional facility for the isolation of aquatic organisms destined for use in
  federal fisheries projects. The main goal of the project is to prevent aquatic
  diseases from being transferred from wild free-ranging populations into the
  captive propagation programs that the Fish and Wildlife Service manages or
  supports. The facility also provides a safe and effective method for federal
  hatcheries to transfer broodlines between stations with a minimal risk of
  cross-contamination of diseases.
Following are the standardized fish isolation procedures and methods
  used at
  the Genoa National Fish Hatchery Isolation Facility
Physical Description of Facility
The primary building for the isolation program was constructed in 1996 and
  provides approximately 720-sq ft of usable area.. The building is supplied with
  200-g.p.m. water flow, provided by a 96-ft. deep well located adjacent to the
  building. A backup pump located in the same well is also rated at 200-g.p.m.
  flow. Currently the facility contains four 3-ft x 2-ft x15-ft fiberglass tanks
  and four 4-ft circular fiberglass tanks. The facility contains a water chiller
  for use during incubation of some cold-water fish species. The facility has been
  used in the past for the isolation of up to four lots of cold-water fish species
  for a period of 18 months.
Also considered part of the isolation facility is a 5-ft x 30-ft x 3.5-ft
  fiberglass raceway located adjacent to the primary building. This unit is
  covered by a "WeatherPort" cover which is lockable. The water supply
  for this unit is the same as for the primary building.  Additional
  isolation space is provided by a 8-ft x 80-ft x 3-ft covered fiberglass raceway.
  This unit is also lockable and is supplied by a 6-in artesian well at the rate
  of 180-g.p.m.
The building with the adjacent 5-ft x 30-ft raceway, and the 8-ft x 80-ft
  raceway can be considered as two separate isolation facilities. Isolation East
  is the building and adjacent raceway; Isolation West is the 8' X 80' raceway.
  Each unit has separate water supplies and discharge into different ponds. They
  are separated by State Highway 35, and are approximately 1/4-mi apart.
General Operational Procedures
Egg Disinfection (Salmonid)
The use of Providone Iodine Compounds for the disinfection of all eggs
  entering the facility is mandatory. Preferably all eggs will be subjected to a
  minimum of a 30-min bath of 50-ppm iodine solution during initial water
  hardening while in the field or at the contributing station. Upon arrival at
  Genoa, and before entry into the isolation building, all eggs will be exposed to
  a 10-min bath of 100-ppm iodine solution (pH 6-7). All containers and shipping
  boxes associated with the egg shipment should be considered contaminated and
  disposed of in a safe and effective manner. Water associated with egg
  transportation will be either chlorinated to 500-ppm for 30-min, or treated with
  "Sanaqua" disinfectant at a rate of 10,000-ppm for 10-min.
Incubation (Salmonid)
Incubation of salmonid eggs shall be done in vertical "Heath" type
  stacks. All lots will be physically isolated from one another in separate stacks
  if feasible to prevent disease/genetic cross-contamination.
Proper record keeping for all eggs/fry entering the facility shall be
  maintained in order to ensure the genetic integrity of all fish lots. All
  pairings shall be maintained in discrete incubation units whenever possible to
  minimize founder effects in future broodlines due to inequalities in family
  contributions. Whenever feasible, final family contributions to a broodline will
  be quantified at the latest possible date in the incubation cycle, or during
  early fry development.
During incubation the eggs receive Formalin treatments at 1,667-ppm for
  15-min to control fungus, or a H2O2 treatment at 500-ppm
  for 15-min. Treatments are conducted three times a week, or more often if
  needed.
Upon pooling of family contributions, all fish shall be raised within a
  single rearing unit until which time proper density maintenance dictates the
  splitting of the lot into multiple tanks. This is done to ensure the entire lot
  experiences similar rearing conditions, and will reduce the likelihood of
  rearing unit selection within a single lot of fish.
Rearing (Salmonid)
After hatching, and prior to swim-up, individual lots shall be transferred to
  rearing units. No more than one lot shall be maintained per unit to prevent
  genetic cross-contamination. Feeding of lot shall begin as soon as fish reach
  swim-up stage of development. Every attempt shall be made to ensure that all
  fish be given the opportunity to feed within 24-hr of reaching swim-up stage.
  Due to the possibility of significant temporal differences in the spawning dates
  of some lots, personnel should be prepared to begin feeding at the earliest
  signs of swim-up (<5%).
In order to minimize selection pressure on fishes being maintained as future
  brood stock every attempt will be made to minimize mortalities. Proper
  nutrition, especially during the sensitive early rearing stages of salmonids is
  imperative to the production of healthy, disease free fish. Starter diets
  utilized at the facility must meet all life stage requirements for nutrition as
  well be highly palatable. Semi-moist, high protein/high fat diets will be used
  whenever feasible due to their high palatability rating. This should minimize
  hatchery selection with respect to feed acceptance by non-domesticated strains.
Tanks and rearing units within the isolation facility will be maintained at
  the highest level of cleanliness possible. Each day fish waste and uneaten food
  will be cleaned from the tanks. Each distinct lot will have its own dedicated
  culture equipment associated with daily maintenance. At no time will fish
  culture equipment, water, screens or feeders be transferred between lots without
  first being disinfected. At no time will any equipment associated with the
  isolation process be allowed to be used for other hatchery operations without
  first being thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use. A
  disinfectant bath will be available at all times in the primary isolation
  building for general disinfection of equipment. This bath will be maintained in
  a biweekly or as needed manner. All culture equipment, (brushes, scrappers,
  buckets, feeders), will be disinfected each week. Special care should be taken
  while conducting any fish sampling that cross-contamination by water or
  equipment does not take place. Foot baths located at all entrances to isolation
  rearing areas will be maintained to prevent cross-contamination of disease
  between the isolation area(s) and the Genoa NFH grounds.
Density indexes for all lots should be maintained at the lowest possible
  levels feasible. An exception for this shall be during the scheduled
  "stressing" period prior to the final health inspection. Flow indexes
  should be monitored to ensure compliance with maximum allowable levels as
  described by Piper et al, (1982). Remedial measures to be taken if either of
  these parameters reach high levels should include a culling component.
In order to provide desired numbers of fish for any given lot it will be
  necessary to reduce numbers periodically throughout the growing cycle. All
  culling, with the exception of removal of individuals exhibiting gross
  abnormalities (missing fins, twisted spines, malformed jaws, missing eyes), is
  completely random. No selection is made on size, condition or physical
  appearance of fish.
Fish resulting from eggs taken from wild feral fish will be held until they
  pass three fish health inspections from the LaCrosse Fish Health Center (LFHC).
  After the third clean inspection, they will be sent to the appropriate
  broodstock facility. If eggs are obtained from another hatcheries to break a
  recurring disease cycle, they will be considered as a hatchery to hatchery
  transfer, and be bound by the appropriate fish health policy regulating these
  transfers. After each fish health inspection, a memo will be sent out to the
  Region 3 Fish Team notifying each member of the results of the inspection, and
  the anticipated month in which new strains may be brought into the facility. If
  the facility is to be used for hatchery to hatchery transfer, a memo will be
  sent to the Fish Team stating that the facility will be taken out of isolation
  mode and will be used to clear strains from the hatchery transfer.
Prior to transfer of fish out of the facility all lots should be exposed to a
  controlled period of increased stress. This period, to be determined by LFHC,
  LaCrosse, is conducted to manifest any fish health concerns that may be present
  in a given lot before transfer to a primary brood facility. Measures taken to
  increase stress levels in these fish can include clipping operations, crowding,
  decreased flow index, and feed rationing. At no time shall density or flow
  indexes exceed 150% of calculated values as described be Piper, (1982). This
  will be done prior to the third and final inspections for fish taken from feral
  stocks.
All fish transferred from the Genoa Isolation Facility shall receive a robust
  identifying mark as a lot designation prior to transfer. This mark, as described
  by the receiving facility, shall give discrete identification for a particular
  lot.
Disinfection and other uses
When either of the two facilities are empty, a complete disinfection of that
  facility shall be performed, to include all equipment used in that facility, in
  accordance with standard operating procedure for the hatchery. At that time, the
  facility may be used for fish production for other hatchery programs until
  needed for isolation again. Before this is done, a memo will be sent to the Fish
  Health Center and the Regional Office Fish Team. **Return
      to MTAN selection pageReturn to Ashland NFWCO home pageReturn to Region 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service**Product and company
          names mentioned in this publication are for informational purposes only.
          It does not imply endorsement by the MTAN or the U.S. Government.
 Last updated: 
		  November 19, 2008
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