III 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 276 

Calling for the urgent deployment of a robust and effective multinational 

peacekeeping mission with sufficient size, resources, leadership, and mandate to protect civilians in Darfur, Sudan, and for efforts to strengthen 

the renewal of a just and inclusive peace process. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 19, 2007 

Mr. BIDEN (for himself, Mr. LUGAR, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. BROWNBACK, Mrs. 

CLINTON, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. DURBIN, 

Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. LEAHY, Mrs. DOLE, Mr. BINGAMAN, 

Mr. SUNUNU, Mr. BURR, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. SMITH, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. 

BAYH, Mr. VOINOVICH, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. BYRD, 

Mr. KERRY, Mr. DODD, Mr. CHAMBLISS, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. LAUTENBERG, 

Mr. BROWN, Mr. PRYOR, Mrs. LINCOLN, Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. WARNER, 

Mr. SPECTER, Mr. REID, Mr. HAGEL, Mr. HATCH, Ms. CANTWELL, and 

Mr. NELSON of Florida) submitted the following resolution; which was 

referrred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

JULY 31, 2007 

Committee discharged; considered, amended, and agreed to and with an 

amended preamble 

RESOLUTION 

Calling for the urgent deployment of a robust and effective 

multinational peacekeeping mission with sufficient size, 

resources, leadership, and mandate to protect civilians 

in Darfur, Sudan, and for efforts to strengthen the renewal of a just and inclusive peace process. 


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Whereas hundreds of thousands of people have died and approximately 2,500,000 people have been displaced in 

Darfur, Sudan since 2003; 

Whereas Congress declared on July 22, 2004 that the atrocities in Darfur were genocide; 

Whereas President George W. Bush has repeatedly decried 

the genocide in Darfur, stating, for example, on April 18, 

2007, ‘‘that genocide is the only word for what is happening in Darfur—and that we have a moral obligation 

to stop it’’; 

Whereas the crisis in Darfur and the surrounding region continues and has in fact in some ways worsened despite the 

efforts of the United States, the United Nations, the African Union, and the international community; 

Whereas on August 30, 2006, the United Nations Security 

Council approved United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 providing that the existing United Nations 

Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) ‘‘shall take over from [the 

African Mission in Sudan (AMIS)] responsibility for supporting the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement upon the expiration of AMIS’ mandate but in any 

event no later than 31 December 2006’’, and that 

UNMIS ‘‘shall be strengthened by up to 17,300 military 

personnel . . . up to 3,300 civilian police personnel’’, 

which ‘‘shall begin to be deployed no later than 1 October 

2006’’; 

Whereas the Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir rejected 

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 and refused to allow the United Nations to deploy a peacekeeping force to Darfur; 


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Whereas the United Nations and African Union have invited 

leaders of the rebel movements in Darfur to participate 

in a political process led by the United Nations and African Union to return peace and stability to the people of 

Darfur; 

Whereas deliberately targeting civilians and people providing 

humanitarian assistance during an armed conflict is a 

flagrant violation of international humanitarian law, and 

those who commit such violations must be held accountable; 

Whereas as a result of the Addis Ababa summit an agreement was reached by all parties, including the United 

Nations, the African Union, the European Union, the 

Government of Sudan, the United States, and China, 

which called for a three-phased deployment of a hybrid 

United Nations-African Union peacekeeping force to 

Darfur of no less than 17,000 military troops and 3,000 

civilian police, with a primarily African character, but 

open to non-African troop and police contributors; 

Whereas the agreement stated that the United Nations-African Union hybrid force would have a strong mandate to 

protect civilians and that the peacekeeping force must be 

logistically and financially sustainable, with support from 

the United Nations; 

Whereas President al-Bashir has repeatedly obstructed the 

Addis Ababa agreement since its signing by reneging on 

and redefining the terms of his commitment to allow the 

deployment of the full hybrid United Nations-African 

Union force; 


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Whereas on June 11, 2007, President al-Bashir pledged to 

accept unconditionally the full United Nations-African 

Union hybrid deployment; 

Whereas some subsequent speeches and statements by President al-Bashir and members of his administration have 

contradicted that claim of acceptance while others have 

reinforced it; 

Whereas diplomatic efforts to secure President al-Bashir’s 

genuine acceptance and facilitation of the full United Nations-African Union hybrid force must not lead to weakening of the structure, capacities, or mandate of that 

force in exchange for President al-Bashir’s full compliance; 

Whereas history has repeatedly demonstrated that the ultimate success or failure of any peacekeeping force depends significantly on its size, resources, mandate, mobility, and command structure; 

Whereas to establish conditions of peace and security, the 

peacekeeping mission must be accompanied by a peacebuilding process among the parties to the conflict; 

Whereas such a process will require a sustained, coordinated, 

and high-level diplomatic attempt to unify the rebel 

groups in the region and engagement with the rebels and 

the Sudanese government in order to forge a comprehensive political settlement; 

Whereas under the international humanitarian law of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian 

Persons in Time of War, done at Geneva August 12, 

1949 (6 UST 3516) and the Protocols Additional to the 

Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, done at Geneva 

June 8, 1977, all parties to the conflict in Darfur are reVerDate Aug 31 2005 21:49 Aug 02, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR276.ATS SR276

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quired to refrain from attacks on civilians and on medical 

and other humanitarian personnel, and all perpetrators 

should be held accountable for violations of international 

humanitarian law; and 

Whereas failure on the part of the international community 

to take all steps necessary to generate, deploy, and maintain an effective United Nations-African Union hybrid 

peacekeeping force will result in the continued loss of life 

and further degradation of humanitarian infrastructure 

in Darfur: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) urges the President of the United States 

3 to— 

4 (A) work with members of the United Na5 tions Security Council and the African Union to 

6 ensure the expeditious deployment of the 

7 United Nations-African Union hybrid peace8 keeping force under Chapter VII of the United 

9 Nations Charter and operating under United 

10 Nations guidelines and procedures for command 

11 and control with a mandate affirming that civil12 ian protection is a primary mission objective; 

13 (B) strongly encourage the member states 

14 of the United Nations that have the capabilities 

15 to do so, to contribute collectively approximately 

16 19,500 military personnel and up to 6,500 po17 lice to implement the mandate, as is currently 


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1 under discussion in the United Nations Security 

2 Council; 

3 (C) work bilaterally and with member 

4 states of the North Atlantic Trade Organiza5 tion, the United Nations, the European Union, 

6 the African Union, and other capable partners 

7 to— 

8 (i) rapidly implement pre-deployment 

9 programs and provide equipment to United 

10 Nations standards, with a special focus on 

11 African peacekeepers, in order to ensure 

12 that a full complement of peacekeepers can 

13 be deployed, sustained, and rotated as nec14 essary; and 

15 (ii) provide the United Nations-Afri16 can Union hybrid force with— 

17 (I) sufficient logistical support 

18 and airlift capacity; 

19 (II) necessary vehicles, fixed-wing 

20 aircraft, and helicopters for tactical 

21 reconnaissance and armed deterrence; 

22 and 

23 (III) other equipment; 

24 (D) work with members of the United Na25 tions and the African Union to— 


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1 (i) ensure that substantive civilian 

2 mission components are rapidly established 

3 and able to capitalize on any opportunities 

4 to advance the political and peace proc5 esses which the successful deployment of 

6 the United Nations-African Union hybrid 

7 force may create; 

8 (ii) reinitiate a peace-building process 

9 among the parties to the conflict as part of 

10 a sustained, coordinated, high-level diplo11 matic effort to forge a comprehensive polit12 ical settlement; and 

13 (iii) ensure the security, maintenance, 

14 and expansion of humanitarian access to 

15 those in need and promote a return to the 

16 rule of law in the region; 

17 (E) work with members of the United Na18 tions, the African Union, the European Union, 

19 and other donor nations to ensure that ade20 quate financial support is provided to peace21 keepers serving in the current African Mission 

22 in Sudan, and the planned hybrid United Na23 tions-African Union force; and 


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1 (F) work with Congress to ensure robust 

2 funding for the hybrid United Nations-African 

3 Union peacekeeping mission in Darfur; 

4 (2) urges the Secretary-General of the United 

5 Nations and the Chairperson of the African Union 

6 to make every effort to expedite the urgent genera7 tion, rapid deployment, and effective administration 

8 of the full United Nations-African Union hybrid 

9 force; 

10 (3) urges Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir 

11 and the Government of Sudan to abide by the agree12 ment of President al-Bashir to fully accept and fa13 cilitate the deployment of the United Nations-Afri14 can Union hybrid force without condition; 

15 (4) urges the President’s Special Envoy to 

16 Sudan to continue his legislative outreach, including 

17 offering to brief Congress every 60 days on the sta18 tus of deployment of the United Nations-African 

19 Union hybrid peacekeeping force and parallel meas20 ures to enable peace in Darfur through an inclusive 

21 political process; 

22 (5) urges all participants in the conflict in 

23 Darfur, including the leaders of rebel movements 

24 that were not signatories to the Darfur Peace Agree25 ment, to participate fully in all meetings, conVerDate Aug 31 2005 21:49 Aug 02, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\SR276.ATS SR276

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1 ferences, and discussions within a political process 

2 led by the United Nations and African Union in 

3 order to return peace and security to the people of 

4 Darfur; 

5 (6) regards failure to participate in such meet6 ings, conferences, and discussions, as requested by 

7 the African Union and United Nations, as an ob8 struction of the political process and its goals that 

9 may be worthy of international sanctions; and 

10 (7) urges President George W. Bush, the 

11 United Nations Security Council, the African Union, 

12 the European Union, the League of Arab States, na13 tions in the region, and individual nations with sig14 nificant economic or political influence over Sudan 

15 to— 

16 (A) hold President al-Bashir and the Gov17 ernment of Sudan accountable for any failure 

18 through neglect or obstruction to fully facilitate 

19 the deployment of the full United Nations-Afri20 can Union hybrid force for Darfur; and 

21 (B) be prepared to implement meaningful 

22 measures, including the imposition of multilat23 eral sanctions, an arms embargo, and a no fly 

24 zone for Sudanese military flights over Darfur, 


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1 if the Government of Sudan obstructs deploy2 ment of the agreed upon peacekeeping mission. 

Æ 


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