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USAID/Zambia 

Operational Plan 

FY 2006 

June 2, 2006 
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Please Note: 

The attached RESULTS INFORMATION is from the FY 2006 Operational Plan and was assembled 

and analyzed by the country or USAID operating unit identified on the cover page. 

The Operational Plan is a "pre-decisional" USAID document and does not reflect results stemming 

from formal USAID review(s) of this document. 

Related document information can be obtained from: 

USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse 

8403 Colesville Road, Suite 210 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Telephone: (301) 562-0641 

Fax: (301) 588-7787 

Email: docorder@dec.cdie.org 

Internet: http://www.dec.org 

Portions released on or after July 1, 2006 
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Program Performance Summary FY 2005: Zambia 

A. Program Performance Summary: 

Program Narrative (FY 2005): Zambia has struggled to stay on a steady, broad-based path of economic, 

political and social development since independence in 1964. The White Paper states that Zambia faces 

daunting challenges as a transformational development country. Approximately 78% of its people live 

below the poverty line with little access to basic health and education services. The HIV/AIDS pandemic 

takes its toll on all aspects of Zambia’s social, political and economic structures. Economic growth has 

lagged behind population growth and meeting basic needs. 

Zambia’s key political issues are constitutional reform (including electoral reform), combating corruption 

(grand and petty), and decentralization. Many Zambians perceive the present constitution to be a 

constraint, in particular in its broad authorities vested in a Presidency with few “checks and balances”. 

Civil society is likely to make this a major issue during the 2006 election campaign. Parliament struggles 

to assert itself following decades of subjugation to the executive branch. A poorly funded judiciary seeks 

to strengthen the independence and efficiency of the legal system. Weak accountability and financial 

integrity in public office and the civil service exacerbates corruption. The lack of effective and inclusive 

local governance impedes Zambia’s democratization and broad-based economic growth. 

Zambia’s narrow economic base constrains its development. Historically, the economy depended on 

copper exports; concentrated ownership of assets; and limited foreign and domestic investment. It has 

also been hampered by widespread corruption. Zambia’s key macroeconomic challenges include 

sustaining economic growth; reducing inflation and interest rates; stabilizing the exchange rate; improving 

the weak balance of payments position; reducing the budget deficit; and addressing the debt burden. 

Constraints in its key agricultural sector include high transport costs; weak market infrastructure; uneven 

production and inconsistent quality; lack of market access information, inputs and credit; and cyclical 

drought. As Zambia’s long-term growth is tied to an export-led strategy, addressing these key constraints 

is fundamental. Some regions of Zambia are prone to food shortages due to a preference for waterintensive maize, monoculture cropping, and the abandonment of drought resistant millet. 

Within the education sector, HIV/AIDS has created an acute shortage of teachers, resulting in the 

progressive deterioration of pupil/teacher ratios and persistent classroom overcrowding. The narrow 

gender gap at the time of first grade admissions widens in favor of boys in the upper primary grades. 

A host of global health issues led by HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria hinder Zambia’s development. 

Challenges associated with HIV/AIDS include: loss of economically active adults in their prime earning 

years, including the loss of well-trained people encumbering top positions; increased number of orphans - 

some 1.1 million; and increased costs of treating the ill and the dying, straining the GRZ’s health system 

and draining family savings. Malaria represents the second greatest challenge to Zambia’s health after 

HIV/AIDS. The incidence of malaria has tripled in the last 20 years and is the leading cause of death for 

children under age five. Other concerns include high rates of maternal and infant mortality and falling 

rates for fully immunized children. 

Despite the overwhelming challenges, there are some promising signs. The GRZ is taking steps to fight 

corruption at all levels. A variety of positive factors have converged to promote a more robust economy. 

Specifically, the mining industry is enjoying the benefits of high copper prices. Small businesses and the 

agri-business sectors are showing continuing signs of development and expansion. Successful 

privatization has paved the way for much of this recent improvement. Zambia secured debt forgiveness 

under Highly Indebted Poor Country criteria during 2005, by pursing ambitious monetary and fiscal 

policies that reduced government debt levels and stabilized inflation to below 20%. These factors all 

bode well for the future of Zambia. All of these factors have led to a recent and precipitous climb in the 

value of the Kwacha. Such appreciation over the long run may adversely affect the competitiveness of 

the Zambian economy. This calls for careful monetary management by the GRZ. 

Challenges: The U.S. is well-positioned to support Zambia’s aspirations to tackle the significant 
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development challenges that it faces. Zambia’s greatest challenges in the decade ahead are: reversing 

the declining health of the population; overcoming incompetence, inefficiencies, and corruption at all 

levels of government; developing a higher standard of education and increase enrollment at GRZ and 

community schools; expanding opportunities for Zambian entrepreneurs to create and grow businesses; 

and mitigating the negative affects of gender discrimination and abuse. USAID/Zambia has designed a 

program with five strategic objectives (SOs) and one Special Objective (SpO) that will address these 

challenges and support U.S. strategic and foreign policy priorities and interests, as outlined in the StateUSAID Joint Strategic Plan, the White Paper, and the Strategic Plan for Africa. The strategy is wellintegrated with mutually reinforcing components. Activities funded by the President’s Emergency Plan for 

AIDS Relief (Emergency Plan), are found in each SO, leveraging all resources to address the top 

priorities of the U.S. Mission. Using a variety of effective and creative delivery mechanisms, USAID’s 

assistance to this transformational development (TD) country promises to produce significant results. 

Key Achievements: As highlighted below, USAID’s five strategic objective programs in Zambia made 

significant contributions towards U.S. performance goals. 

1. Increased Competitiveness of the Private Sector: The Warehouse Receipt System was significantly 

expanded. This program is supported by the Development Credit Authority (DCA) and the Zambia 

Agricultural Commodity Agency. The program was able to stimulate commercial bank lending against 

certified warehouse receipts that are issued to farmers, traders, millers and other commercial depositors 

of grain. These receipts can serve as collateral for credit, and four of the largest banks in Zambia are 

participating in the DCA facility ($16.5 million). As of June 2005, 65,000 tons of maize were deposited, 

and 18,000 tons were used as loan collateral. Loans worth $2.18 million were disbursed against the 

warehouse receipts, and $704,234 was loaned by banks participating in the DCA guarantee. 

USAID continued to influence the policy environment in the agriculture sector. Significant contributions to 

agricultural policy design and implementation were made by the Michigan State University’s Food 

Security Research Project (MSU-FSRP0). Assistance was provided to the Ministry of Agriculture and 

Cooperatives to begin the implementation of the Agricultural Marketing Development Plan, while an 

Agricultural Input Markets Plan was drafted for Cabinet approval. Both plans embody private sector 

development in food and inputs markets and will translate policy design into policy implementation. 

Additional achievements in economic growth in FY2005 include USAID interventions in policy and trade. 

USAID continued to assist Zambia’s export sectors, and encourage national and regional agricultural 

trade. MSU-FSRP facilitated and informed regional and national maize trade policy discussions on import 

arrangements by the private sector and GRZ during the 2005/06 marketing season and the removal or 

reduction of trade barriers (15% import duty, council levies). 

2. Improved Quality of Basic Education for More School-Aged Children, Phase II: USAID/Zambia’s 

education program continued to support innovative approaches to enhance the Ministry of Education’s 

(MOE) ability to deliver basic education. Education programs have improved in comprehensiveness and 

geographic coverage. The USAID education program is national in scope. However, some programs are 

concentrated in selected provinces. USAID continued its commitment to this goal through the Quality 

Education Services Through Technology (QUESTT) program. Under this program the demand for the 

interactive radio instruction (IRI) continues to grow. IRI centers increased from 647 in FY04 to 814 last 

year. More community schools are using the IRI program. This has contributed to a cumulative increase 

in enrollment at IRI centers from 38,513 children (19,101 girls; 19,412 boys) in FY04 to 54,859 children 

(27,661 girls; 27,198 boys) in FY05. Furthermore many non-governmental organizations have embraced 

the education program as a critical complement to their relief operations. The QUESTT project 

established 17 partnerships with a wide range of NGOs to provide targeted support (i.e. food, medical 

care, clothing, and learning materials) to pupils. 

3. Improved Health Status of Zambians: USAID has been instrumental in helping Zambia attract 

substantial new resources and prepare for a massive scale-up of malaria control and prevention activities 

and has done the groundwork to begin assisting the Ministry of Health (MOH) in implementing their 

national strategy for tuberculosis. USAID provided technical input to the development of the National 

Malaria Strategy: 2006-2010, which calls for the rapid scale-up of malaria control interventions. USAID 
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continues to be the National Malaria Control Center’s (NMCC) primary implementing partner for the 

Malaria in Pregnancy (MIP) program. 

Other achievements include the production and airing of 52 programs of “Your Health matters” and 26 of 

“Community Health with Sister Evelina”. Under the “Care and Compassionate Movement” program 

targeting religious leaders, 4 radio and TV spots programs were developed and aired featuring People 

Living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHAs), pastors and imams. 

Additional achievements in primary health care in FY2005 include key HIV/AIDS services such as; USAID 

supported Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) services in 15 facilities. One hundred eighty-six health care 

workers were trained and job aids were developed to enhance the quality of ART services-including ART 

adherence counseling. An innovative approach being used is the ART outreach model, in which 

clinicians provide ART services at non-ART sites on a weekly basis. This model enabled the MOH to 

increase access to ART and reduce the number of people on waitlists. Challenges include shortages of 

critical lab reagents and equipment; an inconsistent supply of antiretroviral drugs; and limited human 

capacity-including many unfilled positions at MOH facilities. A total of 8,834 individuals (target 9,865) are 

on ART due to USAID support in FY 2005. Furthermore, USAID supported the launch of prevention of 

mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in 23 facilities and strengthened 20 already-existing 

PMTCT services. One hundred twenty-five health care providers were trained to provide PMTCT. Job 

aids were designed to implement the “opt-out” approach to counseling and testing (CT) within PMTCT 

programs. Increasing access to PMTCT services in rural, hard-to-reach areas and the need to refurbish 

many of the PMTCT rooms in order to offer quality services is a major challenge confronting PMTCT 

efforts. A total of 5,299 pregnant women received PMTCT services through USAID support in FY 2005, 

though the OGAC target was 62,010. In FY2005, USAID conducted a needs assessment of essential 

emergency obstetric care to review skills and training required for an expanded cadre of health workers 

needed to fill the critical gap in supervised deliveries. 

4. Government Is Held More Accountable: The USAID democracy and governance objective in Zambia 

supports justice sector modernization, civil society strengthening, and legislative reform. During FY2005 

the prosecution of the former President of Zambia and associates, along with recovery of plundered 

assets, has advanced in the courts. The cases have progressed considerably over the past year. Much 

more evidence of plundering of public assets has been reported in the press from verbatim transcripts of 

court proceedings. Real estate assets in Europe and Zambia have been successfully seized for return to 

the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ). Some observers confidently predict convictions in 

2006. There was also impressive progress with prosecutions: 450 corporations, and 170 individuals 

suspected of plundering or aiding and abetting the plundering of national resources were investigated; 70 

cases were effectively investigated for criminal prosecution; 276 assets (primarily real estate holdings) are 

currently under active investigation and nine cases are being prosecuted in court; a major civil case is 

being contested in London. Twenty million dollars of Zambian real estate properties and international 

assets worth between five and ten million dollars were recovered. 

Other significant achievements were the strengthening of the National Assembly (NA) and changing the 

procedures to give more power to Members of Parliament (MPs). This has enabled the MPs to: reform 

the Standing Orders (the rules of institutional procedure) and create more opportunities for the general 

public to question the government; allow more private member motions to be brought before the NA; and 

strengthen their representation capabilities by opening constituency offices in rural and urban areas. 

 

5. Reduced HIV/AIDS Transmission and Impact through Multi-sectoral Response: See the State 

Department Office of Global AIDS Coordinator report for a discussion of this program, 

<http://www.state.gov/s/gac/>. With funds from The Emergency Plan, USAID is rapidly scaling up 

services and programs to avert new HIV infections provide care and support to orphans and people living 

with HIV/AIDS, and to increase access and use of ARVs. USAID is getting results through 25 partner 

projects. The partners reached 206,916 high risk individuals with prevention interventions compared to a 

target of 165,377. The partners further provided care and support to one-third of the AIDS affected 

Orphans and Vulnerable Children and 16% of the PLWHAs through community based approaches and 
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food assistance. . 

6. Promoting Sound Economic Governance by Reducing Barriers to Trade and Investment (the MCA 

Threshold Program) - Proposed Special Objective: Zambia is poised to tackle a number of critical 

constraints to its anti-corruption and economic growth agenda as an MCA Threshold Country. A 

proposal, the result of extensive collaboration between the GRZ, USAID, civil society and Zambia’s 

private sector, was submitted to the MCC in November 2005. If approved by the MCC, the program will 

address issues related to corruption, business investment, and trade facilitation. 

7. Gender: USAID/Zambia addresses gender from two perspectives: women and girls are often socially, 

politically, and economically disadvantaged in Zambia and development programs impact both males and 

females differently. Gender programming in the USAID/Zambia strategy is designed to reduce 

inequalities for women and girls and improve program impact on males and females in the areas of 

education, health, HIV/AIDS, economic growth, and governance. The USAID/Zambia interventions are 

being developed to contribute to the New Economic Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) and 

the attainment of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals on gender. The Women’s Justice 

and Empowerment Initiative (WJEI) is a timely addition to the U.S. response to addressing women’s 

rights. USAID will likely assist with raising awareness of gender based violence and support key 

legislation. 

8. HIV/AIDS: Zambia is experiencing the health, economic, and social impact of a mature, generalized 

epidemic as noted in the approved Emergency Plan Five-Year Strategy for Zambia. Emergency Plan 

funding has enabled all USG agencies in Zambia to develop a comprehensive set of interventions. 

Logically, this strategy favors the integration of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS in all SOs. USAID/Zambia is 

working on 75 separate Emergency Plan activities of which 33 directly complement or are part of nonhealth activities. 

9. Global Development Initiatives: Two Global Development Alliances will leverage over $2 million dollars 

(a ratio of four private sector dollars to every one US Government dollar), from the private mining and 

agribusiness sectors over the next three years for Emergency Plan-funded activities to promote and 

provide HIV/AIDS services for employees and local communities. 

A Development Credit Authority guarantee project is also a catalyst for bringing the GRZ and local 

business together to develop a large tract of land near Lusaka for low- to medium-cost housing that will 

offer attractive mortgages for Zambians for the first time. This exciting initiative will demonstrate 

economic, job-creation, and improved housing benefits that may be replicated elsewhere in Zambia. 
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FY 2006 Program 

SO: 611-005 Increased Private Sector Competitiveness in Agriculture and Natural Resources 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and Business Environment ($1,150,000 DA). Policy-related activities are 

helping Zambia seize agribusiness trade and growth opportunities that were created by the African 

Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), the Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa, and the 

Southern African Development Community. These activities provide an enabling environment through 

assistance to the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ), and other organizations that deal with 

policy and regulatory issues. The activities support public/private sector dialogue; identify trade 

opportunities, issues and constraints; and address production-related issues. Principal contractors and 

grantees: Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI), Michigan State University (MSU) and the Agricultural 

Consultative Forum (ACF). 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness ($1,700,000 DA). Activities are increasing the ability of 

agricultural sector clients to access regional and international markets. The program aims to expand 

smallholder access to markets, creating links to larger private sector entities. It identifies markets in which 

Zambian agriculture has a demonstrated comparative advantage. Activities also target the sustainable 

development of non-timber natural resource products and tourism market growth opportunities that will 

benefit rural communities living around protected areas. Principal contractors and grantees: DAI (prime), 

Zambia TACAgribusiness Technical Assistance Center (ZATAC) Ltd, International Executive Service 

Corps, MSU and ECI Africa. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($4,229,000 DA). Funding promotes crop diversification; develop 

sustainable natural products for emerging market opportunities; and employ new technologies and valueadded processing techniques. This assistance is increasing agricultural productivity and quality; and is 

increasing the volume of production for about 50,000 smallholder farm families. USAID activities promote 

conservation farming, small-scale irrigation, use of earthen dams or rainwater collection from roofs, and 

soil fertility interventions. Funding assists community-based natural resource management groups 

engaged in tourism and natural products enterprise activities. Resources from the Initiative to End Hunger 

in Africa (IEHA) are being applied across the Economic Growth SO, with a special focus on increasing 

export competitiveness of agricultural commodities through increased farm-level productivity and greater 

efficiencies throughout the targeted value chains. Additional resources under the Dairy Directive will help 

the mission support the development of a new dairy activity covering appropriate technology transfer 

through farmer groups in dairy husbandry, clean milk production, forage and animal health. Principal 

grantees: Cooperative League of the USA (CLUSA) (prime), in a consortium with International 

Development Enterprises and Emerging Markets Group. 

Increase Trade and Investment 

Increase Trade and Investment ($1,100,000 DA). USAID and five other donors are working 

collaboratively to support the GRZ Private Sector Development Reform Plan (PSDRP), which focuses on 

increasing private sector investments and foreign trade. Principal contractors: DAI, MSU, and ECI Africa. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 
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Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen the Financial Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($1,300,000 DA; $211,000 prior year 

DCA). USAID helps to identify and test innovative financial options through the private sector to increase 

access to finance. Value-chain financing, equipment leasing, insurance, and short- to medium-term 

financing are promoted. Business development services, information technology, market information, 

marketing services and business training are provided to help clients in small-scale agriculture and 

natural resources production groups become competitive. A key focus is the expansion of the credit 

guarantee programs to share risks with local banks in the development of new business opportunities. 

USAID anticipates the possibility of transferring additional development assistance (DA) funds to the 

development credit authority (DCA) account in the range of $300,000 to $500,000. The amount will be 

contingent on the demand for loan guarantees for the banking sector. Principal contractors and grantees: 

CLUSA (prime) in a consortium with International Development Enterprises and Emerging Markets 

Group, Zambia Agricultural Commodity Agency, Zambia Chamber of Small and Medium Enterprises and 

DAI. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 611-005 Increased Private Sector Competitiveness in Agriculture and Natural Resources 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and Business Environment ($1,509,000 DA). This funding will be used to 

continue assistance for economic policy dialogue and trade-related interventions. Particular focus will be 

paid to trade facilitation. Principal contractors and grantees: DAI, MSU, and ACF. 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness ($1,627,000 DA). USAID intends to expand its activities, in 

collaboration with other donors, to continue supporting the GRZ Private Sector Development Reform 

Program (PSDRP). Principal grantees and contractors: DAI, MSU and ECI Africa. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($3,200,000 DA). Funding will expand assistance to more 

smallholder farmers and small and medium entrepreneurs to promote increased food production and crop 

diversification. Principal grantees: CLUSA (Prime), in a consortium with International Development 

Enterprises and Emerging Markets Group. 

Increase Trade and Investment 

Increase Trade and Investment ($1,250,000 DA). USAID will continue to work collaboratively in support of 

the PSDRP. Principal contractors and grantees: DAI, MSU, and ECI Africa. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 
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Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen Financial Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($1,000,000 DA). USAID plans to identify 

and test more innovative financial options and expand the network of business development services 

through the private sector and other donors. This funding will strengthen and expand capital markets and 

promote investor-friendly fiscal policies through new activities that will focus predominantly on urban 

areas. Principal contractors and grantees: Cooperative League of the USA (prime) collaborating with 

International Development Enterprises and Emerging Markets Group, Zambia Agricultural Commodity 

Agency, Zambia Chamber of Small and Medium Enterprises, and DAI. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 611-006 Improved Quality of Basic Education for More School-age Children Phase II 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($16,393,000 DA). USAID supports the use of costeffective information communication technology (ICTs) and classroom practice interventions to improve 

the teaching skills of 6,800 school teachers. This support includes both in-service (3,900) and pre-service 

(2,900) teacher-training. USAID promotes the use of ICT to increase access to basic education for 70,000 

school-aged children who are unable to enter public schools. USAID utilizes technical assistance to 

expand school health and nutrition interventions for 200,000 pupils, and provides technical assistance to 

expand HIV/AIDS mitigation and promote education for 253,500 orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC), 

especially girls. This support includes scholarships for 3,500 orphaned children to improve school 

completion and a workplace program for 25,000 MOE staff. 

USAID technical assistance expands the MOE’s education data collection system and improves the 

analysis of the information collected for sound decision-making at different administrative levels 

(headquarters, nine provincial offices and 72 districts). USAID policy-related activities increase the 

MOE’s capacity to develop and implement policies, particularly on special issues such as alternative 

education, HIV/AIDS, school health and nutrition and decentralization. USAID education sector funding 

supports the MOE’s achievement of specific institutional reforms with funding meeting MOE’s preestablished milestones. These milestones are consistent with the MOE’s strategic plan. USAID education 

funding supports the attainment of Fast Track Initiative goals; enhancing the role of civil society, 

improving teacher performance and increasing access to education for marginalized groups. Principal 

grantees: Education Development Center (EDC), Academy for Educational Development (AED), the 

MOE, and American Institutes for Research (AIR) (all prime) and others to be determined. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 611-006 Improved Quality of Basic Education for More School-age Children Phase II 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($7,000,000 DA): USAID/Zambia will continue 

funding innovative approaches for reaching OVC and enhancing the MOE’s ability to maintain and 

expand services to a target of 85,000 school-aged children. Teacher-training, focused on HIV/AIDS, 

pedagogy, school management and life skills, is expected to reach 11,390 government and community 

school teachers. USAID plans to continue providing technical assistance to the MOE to develop 

information, monitoring and evaluation systems to improve decision-making at all levels. USAID will 

continue to improve the quality of education by providing technical assistance focused on effective MOE 

decentralization. Sector program assistance will be provided to encourage specific institutional reforms in 
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the MOE. USAID will collaborate with other donors to target specific interventions that will improve the 

quality of education throughout the country. Principal grantees: EDC, AED, the MOE, and AIR (all prime), 

and others to be determined. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS: See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 611-007 Improved Health Status of Zambians 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition ($2,571,000 CSH). USAID works with the Ministry of Health 

(MOH) to expand access to and improve the quality of child health services. USAID provides educational 

materials to help them prepare for semi-annual Child Health Weeks when children under five receive key 

services such as immunization, growth monitoring, vitamin A supplementation, bednet re-treatment and 

de-worming. USAID is strengthening monitoring and evaluation for the Vitamin A fortification of Zambian 

sugar to further support the Vitamin A program, as well as assisting the MOH to expand the Integrated 

Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) approach in all 72 districts in Zambia. USAID supports social 

marketing of preventive health products and services to make them affordable and more accessible to 

low income Zambians, and continues to promote hygienic practices to decrease diarrheal diseases. 

USAID is mobilizing rural communities to take health measures that prevent harmful practices and 

promote healthy behaviors; creating demand for health services; and helping build capacity of local 

organizations. Principal contractors and grantees: Abt Associates (prime); Population Services 

International (PSI) (prime); Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (prime); 

International Science and Technology Institute (sub); Save the Children (SCF) (sub). 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition ($1,700,000 CSH). USAID continues to promote the integration of 

safe motherhood, family planning, reproductive health and HIV/AIDS. Maternal health activities focus on 

increasing access to safe motherhood services, including emergency obstetric care, prenatal care, 

reducing the complications of malaria in pregnancy through intermittent presumptive treatment, and 

distributing insecticide-treated bed nets for children under five and pregnant women. USAID is 

strengthening referral networks for emergency obstetric care and assist the MOH to improve pregnancy 

outcomes by promoting the use of birth preparedness plans for all pregnant women and increasing the 

number of skilled attendants at birth by training midwives and other health professionals. Post-abortion 

care services will be expanded from two to 20 districts in FY 2006. Principal contractors and grantees: 

Abt Associates (prime); JHPIEGO (sub); Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs 

(prime). 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases of Major Importance ($8,648,000 CSH). USAID is working with the 

National Malaria Control Center (NMCC) to support all aspects of the national Roll Back Malaria program 

including: making effective treatment with the drug Coartem more widely available; scaling up the 

distribution of free insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in the most affected districts; and socially marketing 

ITNs for targeted groups. USAID assists the NMCC to expand indoor residual spraying (IRS) to new 

eligible districts. A system is being developed to monitor and manage resistance to DDT and pyrithroids 

used in IRS. USAID is also continuing assistance to the national tuberculosis program for diagnostic 

equipment and expanded access to treatment. Principal contractors and grantees: Abt Associates 
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(prime), Boston University Center for International Health and Development (sub); JHPIEGO (sub); PSI 

(prime); AED/NetMark (prime); Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (prime); 

KNCV (prime); Family Health International (sub). 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($3,164,000 CSH). USAID programs increase demand for and access to family 

planning services, particularly in rural areas, and ensure a wider range of contraceptive choice. USAID is 

continuing to support the public sector rollout of the injectable contraceptive Depo Provera. USAID is 

also continuing to support social marketing of oral contraceptives, for which demand is rising. USAID is 

mobilizing communities and individuals to create demand for family planning services. Principal 

contractors and grantees: Abt Associates (prime), JHPIEGO (sub); Johns Hopkins University Center for 

Communication Programs (prime); PSI (prime). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 611-007 Improved Health Status of Zambians 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition ($2,733,000 CSH). USAID will continue to provide materials for 

Child Health Weeks, support scale up of IMCI, strengthen the national vitamin A program, support clorin 

social marketing, and fund training of public health professionals. Principal prime contractors, grantees or 

agencies: Abt Associates (prime); PSI (prime); Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication 

Programs (prime); International Science and Technology Institute (sub); and Save the Children (sub). 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition ($1,675,000 CSH). USAID will continue to promote the integration of 

safe motherhood, family planning, reproductive health and HIV/AIDS services at all levels of the MOH. 

The MOH campaign against malaria during pregnancy will be assisted via treatment and distribution of 

ITNs to pregnant women. Principal contractors and grantees: Abt Associates (prime); JHPIEGO (sub); 

Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (prime). 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance ($7,270,000 CSH). USAID plans to continue 

support for TB and malaria prevention and treatment, social marketing of health products, university 

health worker training, funding for essential district health services, and behavior change communication 

activities. Principal contractors and grantees: Abt Associates (prime), Boston University Center for 

International Health and Development (sub); JHPIEGO (sub); PSI (prime); Academy for Educational 

Development/NetMark (prime); Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (prime). 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 
12

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($2,724,000 CSH). USAID will continue to support programs that increase both 

demand for and access to quality family planning services - particularly in rural areas - and ensure a 

wider range of contraceptive choice. Principal contractors and grantees: Abt Associates (prime), 

JHPIEGO (sub); Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs (prime); PSI (prime). 

All family planning assistance agreements will incorporate clauses that implement the President's 

directive restoring the Mexico City Policy. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 611-008 Government Held More Accountable 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($300,000 DA). Assistance is being provided to civil society organizations 

(CSOs) to promote policy dialogue and demand a more accountable government. Sub-grants to CSOs 

focus on: constitutional reform, electoral reform, and investigative journalism related to administrative 

corruption. Anti-Corruption Initiative (ACI) funds support some CSOs who are being helped to identify and 

fight corruption and learn how to become effective public advocates. Principal contractors and grantees: 

PACT Zambia (prime). 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($450,000 DA). USAID assists the Parliament of 

Zambia in becoming a more effective oversight institution. Activities include technical assistance, training 

of staff and Members of Parliament (MPs) and project management support to Parliament to strengthen 

the role of its committees and MPs in oversight and representation, redefining how decisions are taken 

within the institution, and creating mechanisms for better communications with citizens and civil society. 

USAID’s training assists committees in developing, managing, and ensuring fiscal oversight of the 

national budget and performance by government departments. In addition, USAID provides support to a 

pilot group of parliamentary constituency offices to strengthen the linkages between Parliament and the 

public. Civil society is being trained on how to effectively influence the legislative process, particularly in 

the fight against corruption. USAID also provides financial support to the Zambian chapter of the African 

Parliamentary Network Against Corruption (APNAC) and employ local lawyers to assist citizens in 

reporting incidents of corruption to Parliament and law enforcement bodies. Principal contractors and 

grantees: PACT Zambia (prime). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 611-008 Government Held More Accountable 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS. See the State Department Congressional Budget 

Justification, Global HIV/AIDS Initiative section, for a discussion of this program. 
13

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($300,000 DA). This program will support civil society demand for more 

accountable government. Principal contractors and grantees: PACT Zambia (prime). 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($450,000 DA). USAID will continue to strengthen 

Zambia’s Parliament following legislative elections in 2006. USAID will aim to transform more than 20 

parliamentary constituency offices in rural areas into full-service centers for reporting corruption and 

monitoring HIV/AIDS services in the surrounding communities. Principal grantee: PACT Zambia (prime). 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 611-009 Reduced Impact of HIV/AIDS through a Multi-sectoral Response 

Provide Emergency Assistance 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 611-009 Reduced Impact of HIV/AIDS through a Multi-sectoral Response 

Provide Emergency Assistance 
14

Results Framework 

611-001 Increased rural incomes of selected groups 

Program Title: Rural Income Growth 

 IR1: Increased Agriculture and Natural Resources Production 

 IR2: Increased Contribution of RNFE's to Private Sector Growth 

 IR3: Improved Trade and Investment Environment 

611-002 Improved quality of basic education for more school-aged children 

Program Title: Basic Education 

 IR1: Improved Quality of Learning Environments in Targeted Areas 

 IR2: Improved Delivery of School-based Health and Nutrition Interventions to Support Pupil Learning 

 IR3: Improved Information for Education Decision making Processes 

611-003 Increased use of integrated child and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS interventions 

Program Title: Integrated Health 

 IR1: Increased Demand for PHN Interventions among target groups 

 IR2: Increased Delivery of PHN Interventions at Community Level 

 IR3: Increased Delivery of PHN Interventions by the Private Sector 

 IR4: Improved Health Worker Performance 

 IR5: Improved Policies, Planning and Support Systems 

611-004 Expanded opportunity for effective participation in democratic governance 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance 

 IR1: Increased Efficiency of Administration of Justice 

 IR2: Increased Public Debate 

611-005 Increased Private Sector Competitiveness in Agriculture and Natural Resources 

Program Title: Increased Competitiveness 

 IR5.1: Increased Access to Markets 

 IR5.2: Enhanced Value-Added Production and Service Technologies 

 IR5.3: Increased Access to Financial and Business Development Services 

 IR5.4: Improved Enabling Environment in Growth 

Discussion: Critical Assumptions 

The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) remains committed to economic diversification and 

continues to give high priority to agricultural development and natural resources management. 

The GRZ takes appropriate steps to improve infrastructure, such as roads, transport, power, water and 

telecommunications which are key to growth in these sectors. 

National macroeconomic indicators do not worsen 

Political and economic stability in the region is maintained to ensure a level playing field for increased 

trade. 

GRZ sustains full commitment to the fight against corruption. 

611-006 Improved Quality of Basic Education for More School-age Children Phase II 

Program Title: Basic Education 

 IR6.1: Improved Quality of Basic Education Delivery Systems 

 IR6.2: Improved Information for Efficient Resource Management 

 IR6.3: Strengthened Policy Implementation 
15

 IR6.4: Mitigated Impact of HIV/AIDS on Education 

Discussion: Critical Assumptions 

Continued GRZ progress toward reforms and the Fifth National Development Plan so progress is not 

undermined by increased poverty. 

Continued Ministry of Education commitment, resources, and progress toward education reform, including 

restructuring and decentralization 

Continued commitment and support of other cooperating partners 

Political and economic stability in Zambia 

611-007 Improved Health Status of Zambians 

Program Title: Improved Health Status 

 IR7.1: Zambians taking action for Health 

 IR7.2: Achievement and Maintenance of High coverage for key Health Interventions 

 IR7.3: Health Services Strengthened 

611-008 Government Held More Accountable 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance 

 IR8.1: Rule of law Enhances Accountability 

 IR8.2: Citizens and CSOs Demand Accountability 

 IR8.3: Effective Oversight Institutions 

Discussion: Critical Assumptions 

The Government is committed to constitutional rebalancing of powers 

Fighting grand corruption at the top benefits the fight against petty corruption 

Civil society remians united, confident and capable on the issues and way forward 

Absence of conflict in Zambia continues 

611-009 Reduced Impact of HIV/AIDS through a Multi-sectoral Response 

Program Title: Multi-sectoral Response to HIV/AIDS 

 IR9.1: Reduced HIV/AIDS Transmission 

 IR9.2: Improved Care and Support for people living/Affected by HIV/AIDS 

 IR9.3: Strengthened capacity of key sectors to mitigate the HIV/AIDS Impact 

 IR9.4: Improved policy regulatory and environment