SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NUMBER 60 

BEGONIACEAE 

Part I: Illustrated Key 

Part 11: Annotated Species List 

Lyman B. Smith, 

Dieter C. Wasshausen, 

Jack Golding, 

and 

Carrie E. Karegeannes 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1986 
ABSTRACT 

Smith, Lyman B., Dieter C. Wasshausen, Jack Golding, and Carrie E. Karegeannes. BEGONIACEAE, Part I: Illustrated Key; Part 11: Annotated Species 

List. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 60: 584 pages, 1183 figures, 

1986.-In Part I, all known taxa of Begoniaceae (exclusive of hybrids and 

cultivars) are initially keyed into 34 subkeys and are subsequently keyed to 

all recognized species, with each species illustrated from a photo of the 

holotype or type specimen. Part I1 lists, in alphabetical order, all verified 

species and varietal epithets, including complete synonymy, literature citations, and geographical distribution. All the recognized species are cross 

referenced to the subkeys in Part 1 by the illustration numbers. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is 

recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf 

clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Main entry under title: 

Begoniaceae. 

(Sniithsonian contributions to botany ; no. (60) 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: S1 1.29:60 

I. Begoniaceae-Identification. 2. Begoniaceae-Nomenclature. I. Smith, Lyman B. 11. 

Series. 

QKl .S274T 110. 60 [QK495.B4] 583’.46 85-600088 
Contents 

Page 

1 

Introduction .......................................... 1 

Construction ....................................... 1 

Part I: Illustrated Key. .................................... 

TheKey ............................................ 1 

Secondary Characters ................................ 1 

Multiple Entries .................................... 2 

Synonyms ......................................... 2 

Geography ........................................ 2 

Other Marking ..................................... 2 

Acknowledgments .................................... 3 

Illustrations ......................................... 2 

3 

13 1 

Introduction .......................................... I3 1 

Format ............................................. 131 

Citation of Correct Names ............................ 131 

Author Variations .................................. 132 

Synonyms and Illegitimate Names ...................... 132 

Reference to Illustrations in the Key .................... 133 

Additional Terms ................................... 133 

Acknowledgments .................................... 134 

Begoniaceae Species List ................................. 135 

Rejected Genera ....................................... 252 

Names Prior to Linnaeus' Species Plantarum, 1753 ............. 277 

Figures ................................................ 279 

Artificial Key to the Species of Begoniaceae .................. 

Part 11: Annotated Species List .............................. 

... 

111 

BEGONIACEAE, Part I: Illustrated Key 

Lyman B. Smith and Dieter C. Wasshausen 

Introduction 

The last survey of Begoniaceae to include all 

known species rvas that of ‘4. DeCandolle in his 

Prodromus in 1864. It had brief descriptions of 

380 species, organized into American, Asian, and 

African groups of sections. The sections were 

keyed within each geographic area and the larger 

sections were divided by headings between the 

descriptions. The arrangement was taxonomic 

and many descriptions of species lacked the necessary floral or fruit characters to place them in 

sections. 

Since 1864 over 1000 species have been proposed, many without any relation to previous 

ones. We found the problem of verifying new 

species and writing regional floras more and 

more difficult, but we lacked the time to monograph the family. Consequently we wrote an 

illustrated key to all natural species. We believe 

that a key is for identification primarily and thus 

have based our key on blade-shape, habit, and 

inflorescence in that order. 

Our first objective was to separate the American species from those of the Old World. We did 

not pretend to do more with the Old World 

species than to take the descriptions at face value 

and illustrate as rnany as possible. We have been 

greatly helped in locating the African material 

by J.J.F.E. deWilde of Miageningen, Netherlands. 

Ljman B. Smith and Daeter C. \%,asshausen, Department of 

Botan), .Vatzonal .Museum of A’atural Histor), Smithsonian Institution, Ithshzngton, DC 20560 

In the American species, we benefited from 

copious material and considerable experience 

with regional floras. Much good work has been 

done on both taxonomy and nomenclature in the 

preparation of the “Annotated Species List” part 

of this work by Jack Golding and Carrie Karegeannes. 

THE KEY 

Construction: We have chosen an indented 

form of key because we are more familiar with 

its construction and use and because we believe 

that it is more efficient in separating large groups 

of species at a time. The bracket key, in contrast, 

has a tendency to separate one species at a time, 

and as that is the most specialized, the common 

and most generalized species arrives at the end 

of the key after a maximum of work. The indented key must separate large groups, or it will 

quickly move across the page, and so our key is 

divided initially into 34 subkeys, each beginning 

at the left margin of the page and thus saving 

space. Because the key is artificial, the order of 

species doesn’t matter, and so we generally place 

the smaller arm of a dichotomous pair first. 

Secondary Characters: After the preliminary 

breakdown by blade-shape, habit, and inflorescence, there remain a few uncomfortably large 

groups of species, and so it is necessary to break 

further in order to make workable subkeys. 

Whether the petioles are vestite or not is not 

readily verifiable in the illustrations, but it is a 

character that is almost always noted in descriptions. Similarly, whether the staminate tepals are 

1 
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2 or more than 2 (usually 4) is more often found 

in descriptions than any character of the pistillate 

flowers or fruit, because the staminate flowers 

are showier and more often collected. Tepal 

number and petiole indument are also very convenient to use within most of the subkeys not 

already separated by them. As we progress within 

the subkeys, characters of flower and fruit, by 

necessity, are used more. 

The great advantage of an 

artificial key is that its statements are simple and 

thus avoid the legalistic backing and filling necessary in breaking off phylogenetically related 

groups in taxonomic keys. The multiple entries 

are of two types. In type one, the species straddles 

the key by having characters on both sides of a 

couplet, as when, for instance, it has both peltate 

and non-peltate leaf-blades. In type two, we know 

that the species comes to that couplet dichotomy 

but we do not know under which arm it belongs. 

Other species under each arm of the couplet 

have the proper characters. The species whose 

character trait is unknown is placed under both 

arms, with a question mark in front of it. For 

instance, we might know that all the other species 

showed 2 or 4 staminate tepals but this showed 

none. 

Some species have been keyed out together in 

the same couplet half because it was impossible 

to further separate them with the data given in 

their descriptions. In some of these instances, 

dates are given to show priority. 

In some couplets, synonyms (in parentheses) are included to indicate illegitimate 

names of doubtful taxonomic standing for which 

the authors did not wish to propose new names. 

Although our design is to be completely independent of the source areas of species, ranges provide convenient additional information while using the key. They help to confirm 

a determination or give an indication of probable 

paths to follow in the key when either a key 

species or a specimen to be identified lacks key 

characters. For China and Brazil we have subdivided more narrowly into provinces and states, 

respectively. 

Multiple Entries: 

Synonyms: 

Geography: 

Place names are generally given as quoted 

from original sources; no attempt was made to 

change them to their current equivalents. 

The few species known originally from cultivation are marked with an asterisk, regardless of whether they can still be found 

there. 

Other Marking: 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

So far as possible the illustrations are from 

photos of holotype or type specimens. In the case 

of the leaf-blades, the old bromide “one picture 

is worth a thousand words” is particularly apt 

because differences that are difficult to describe 

clearly are visible at a glance. The terms “obtuse” 

and “acuminate” are cases in point. “Obtuse” as 

used in botany is “blunt” or “narrowly rounded” 

not “angle broader than a right angle” of our old 

plane geometry days. “Acuminate” is not “attenuate,” though often so used botanically, but is 

“abruptly contracted to a long slender apex,” the 

“drip tip” of many rainforest trees. 

Where type specimens are lacking or in poor 

shape, we have resorted first to specimens that 

we believe are correctly identified or, second, to 

plates and figures. For figures especially, reproduction of the finer lines is a problem that we 

have solved by thickening them in various ways 

and with suitable indication in the references in 

the “Begoniaceae Species List.” 

Because of the expense of printing over 1000 

illustrations, we have had to group four figures 

on a page, which still shows leaf-blade detail 

sufficiently well. However, the pictures are badly 

proportioned to the page size of the publication, 

being too tall and narrow, and so the legends 

must be held to a minimum, thus: 

1.4, B. compacticaulis. 

The figures are arranged consecutively from 

left to right and top to bottom on each page of 

illustrations and are grouped to approximate the 

first appearance of the illustrated species in the 

subkeys. Each figure number represents first the 

subkey and then numerically the approximate 

1.1, B. crassicaulis; 1.2, B. parodiana; 1.3, B. erythrocarpa; 
NUMBER 60 3 

appearance of the species in that subkey (e.g., 

26.3 = subkey 26, approximately third species 

keyed out). 

Supplemental figures were selected after the 

original figures had been numbered; they are 

denoted by the prefix “S” (e.g., Sl). This device 

avoided renumbering the rest of figures and 

their references. Supplemental figures appear at 

the back of the book, following the originally 

selected figures. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

We give thanks to the directors of the following herbaria for the privilege of examining their 

specimens or photographs thereof 

A 

AAU 

ABD 

BM 

BR 

c, 

CAM 

CGE 

E 

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, CamUniversity of Aarhaus, Risskov, Denmark 

The University, Aberdeen, Scotland, Great Britain 

British Museum (Natural History), London 

Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Brussels, BelBotanical Museum and Herbarium, Copenhagen, 

St. John’s College, Cambridge, Great Britain 

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Great Britain 

Rokal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland, Great 

bridge, Massachusetts 

gi u in 

Denmark 

Britain 

F 

FI 

G 

G €1 

GUA 

H BG 

K 

L 

M 

MA 

MO 

NY 

P 

PNH 

RB 

S 

SING 

SP 

LC 

US 

W 

WAG 

- 

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago 

Herbarium Universitatis Florentinae, Instituto BoConservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Geneva, SwitzGray Herbarium of Harvard University, CamInstituto de Conservacao de Natureza, Rio de JaInstitut fur Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg, GerRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Great Britain 

Rgksherbariurn, Leiden, Netherlands 

Botanische Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany 

1nstituto“Antonio Jose Cavanilles,” Jardin Botanico, 

Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 

New York Botanical Garden 

Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 

Philippine Kational Herbarium, Manila, Philippines 

Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 

Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden 

Botanic Garden, Republic of Singapore 

Instituto de Botanica Sao Paulo, Brazil 

University of California, Berkeley 

United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian InNaturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria 

Laboratory for Plant Taxonomy and Plant GeogZiesenhenne, Rudolf, Santa Barbara, California, pritanico, Florence, Italy 

erland 

bridge, Massachusetts 

neiro, Brazil 

many 

Madrid, Spain 

stitution 

raphy, U’ageningen, Netherlands 

vate herbarium 

Artificial Key to the Species of Begoniaceae 

1. Flowering plant leafless. ............................................ Subkey 1 (p. 5) 

1. Flowering plant foliaceous. 

2. Blades peltate. 

3. Leaves solitary or fasciculate ....................................... Subkey 2 (p. 5) 

3. Leaves separated by distinct internodes. .............................. Subkey 3 (p. 8) 

4. Blades divided or strongly lobed. 

2. Blades basifixed. 

5. Nerves digitate; blades mostly ovate and broadest below the middle. 

6. Inflorescence dichotomous at base (exclusive of pedicels) .............. Subkey 4 (p. 13) 

6. Inflorescence with a simple axis or essentially none (exclusive of pedicels), the primary 

branches often dichotomously branched ........................... Subkey 5 (p. 17) 

5. Nerves pinnate; blades mostly broadest near the middle ................ Subkey 6 (p. 19) 

7. Blades straight with the midnerve continuing the direction of the petiole. 

4. Blades shallowly lobed to entire. 

8. Nerves digitate; blades mostly ovate and broadest below the middle or orbicular or reniform. 

9. Leaves solitary or fasciculate. 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

10. Blades orbicular or reniform, mostly without a distinct apex ........ Subkey 7 (p. 21) 

10. Blades ovate with the central nerve longer than the others. ......... Subkey 8 (p. 22) 

9. Leaves separated by distinct internodes. 

11. Stem repent or scandent .................................... Subkey 9 (p. 26) 

12. Blade rounded and without a distinct apex .................... Subkey 10 (p. 28) 

13. Apex symmetric ....................................... Subkey 11 (p. 30) 

13. Apex asymmetric ...................................... Subkey 12 (p. 32) 

14. Leaves solitary or fasciculate ................................. Subkey 13 (p. 35) 

15. Stem repent or scandent ................................... Subkey 14 (p. 36) 

16. Blades symmetric ....................................... Subkey 15 (p. 41) 

17. Blades generally inequilateral ............................. Subkey 16 (p. 42) 

11. Stem erect. 

12. Blade with a distinct apex. 

8. Nerves pinnate; blades mostly broadest near the middle. 

14. Leaves separated by distinct internodes. 

15. Stem erect. 

16. Blades asymmetric. 

17. Blades strongly asymmetric at base. 

18. Blades dimidiate, one side decurrent on the petiole. 

19. Inflorescence with a simple axis or none (excluding pedicels), non-dichotomous ... 

.................................................. Subkey 17(p.46) 

19. Inflorescence basally dichotomous (excluding pedicels) ........ Subkey 18 (p. 49) 

21. Petioles vestite. ..................................... Subkey 19 (p. 52) 

21. Petioles glabrous .................................... Subkey 20 (p. 55) 

20. Inflorescence with a central axis or none (excluding pedicels) ... Subkey 2 1 (p. 59) 

18. Blades not dimidiate. 

20. Inflorescence dichotomous at base (excluding pedicels). 

7. Blades oblique or transverse with the midnerve making a distinct angle with the petiole. 

22. Leaves solitary or fasciculate (herbarium specimens with large detached leaves usually 

belong here). 

23. Staminate tepals 2 ......................................... Subkey 22 (p. 65) 

24. Inflorescence with a simple axis or none (exclusive of pedicels), non-dichotomous ..... 

24. Inflorescence dichotomous at base ........................... Subkey 24 (p. 72) 

26. Staminate tepals 2 ........................................ Subkey 25 (p. 79) 

26. Staminate tepals 3 or more, usually 4 ......................... Subkey 26 (p. 82) 

28. Blades at least twice as long as wide ......................... Subkey 27 (p. 88) 

28. Blades less than twice as long as wide ........................ Subkey 28 (p. 93) 

30. Petioles vestite, ....................................... Subkey 29 (p. 101) 

23. Staminate tepals 3 or more, usually 4. 

...................................................... Subkey23 (p.69) 

22. Leaves separated by distinct internodes. 

25. Stems repent or pendent (B. pensilis). 

25. Stems erect, at least the flowering. 

27. Inflorescence with a central axis or none (exclusive of pedicels). 

27. Inflorescence basally dichotomous or rarely more divided. 

29. Blades at least twice as long as wide. 
NUMBER 60 5 

30. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent .......................... Subkey 30 (p. 105) 

3 1. Petioles vestite. 

29. Blades less than twice as long as wide. 

32. Bracts persistent ..................................... Subkey 31 (p. 112) 

32. Bracts deciduous ..................................... Subkey 32 (p. 115) 

33. Staminate tepals 2 ................................... Subkey 33 (p. 121) 

33. Staminate tepals 3 or more, usually 4 ..................... Subkey 34 (p. 124) 

3 1. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

Subkey 1 

1. Inflorescence amply dichotomous, many-flowered; tepals glabrous; plant caulescent. 

2. Staminate tepals 2; inflorescence asymmetrically dichotomous. Guatemala. [Fig. 1.11. ........ 

.............................................................. B.crassicaulis 

3. Stem erect from a tuberous base; internodes short; peduncle terminal. Argentina. [Fig. 1.21 

3. Stem prostrate or subscandent. 

2. Staminate tepals 4. 

.............................................................. B.parodiana 

4. The stem gray-crustose, to 4 m long, subscandent on low vegetation, hollow; internodes long; 

peduncles lateral; capsule-wings very unequal. Ecuador to Bolivia. [Fig. 1.31 B. erythrocarpa 

4. The stem not crustose, short, prostrate; internodes short; peduncle terminal; capsule-wings 

subequal, all narrowly crescentiform. Ecuador. [Fig. 1.41 .............. B. compacticaulis 

1. Inflorescence not more than once dichotomous or subracemose, few-flowered leaves terminal. 

5. Staminate tepals 10-12, narrow, the outer vestite. Peru. [Fig. 1.51. ......... B. anemoniftora 

5. Staminate tepals 4. 

6. Outer staminate tepals glabrous. Ecuador. [Fig. 1.61. ...................... B. parcifolia 

6. Outer staminate tepals vestite. India ................................. B. orchidiftora 

Subkey 2 

1. Inflorescence dense or with a central axis, not basally and laxly dichotomous (excluding pedicels). 

2. Axis of the inflorescence elongate, exceeding the petioles. 

3. Staminate tepals 4. 

4. Blades 33-55 cm long, stellate-lepidote. Brazil: Espirito Santo ............. B. kautskyana 

4. Blades to 3 cm long, glabrous. Siam. [Fig. Sl]. ........................... B. pumilio 

5. Inflorescence simple, racemose; blades coarsely dentate; stamens 4-5; capsule-wings strongly 

unequal. Madagascar. [Fig. 2.11 .................................... B. decaryana 

5. Inflorescence compound; capsule-wings equal or slightly unequal. 

6. Blades subentire, broadly rounded at base. Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 2.21 

6. Blades strongly cut, cordate or subcordate. 

3. Staminate tepals 2. 

........................................................... " B.conchifolia 

7. Blades basally subcordate, doubly serrate. Mexico. [Fig. 2.31 ............ B. polygonata 

7. Blades laterally cordate, lobate-dentate. Guatemala, probably not a natural species. [Fig. 

2.41 ...................................................... ?*B. lindleyana 

2. Axis of the inflorescence very short; inflorescence dense or umbellate or subumbellate (including 

the pedicels), staminate tepals 2. West Africa. 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

8. Blades bullate, entire or subentire. 

9. Inflorescence exceeding the leaves; petioles glabrous; capsule exalate; tepals yellow. Nigeria. 

[Fig. 2.51 ........................................................ *B. zczco a 

9. Inflorescence about equaling the leaves or shorter; petioles vestite. Cameroon, 

10. Blades weakly undulate; ovary verrucose, exalate. [Fig. 2.61 ........... B. microspernu 

10. Blades dentate. 

11. Petioles shorter than the subacute blades; ovary vestite; capsule alate. [Fig. 2.71. ....... 

............................................................ B.lacunosa 

1 1. Petioles longer than the acuminate blades; ovary glabrous; capsule exalate or narrowly 

alate; tepals yellow. [Fig. 2.81 ..................................... B. staudtii 

f'l 

8. Blades even (at least not noted as bullate). 

13. Capsules exalate or prismatic and very narrowly alate. Cameroon. 

12. Blades distinctly cut, dentate, serrate, or crenate. 

14. Blades broadly dentate on the upper half; capsules prismatic and very narrowly alate if at 

all. [Fig. 2.91 ................................................. .B. schaeferi 

14. Blades serrate throughout; capsules exalate; petioles shorter than the oblique blades. 

15. Blades elliptic-ovate. [Fig. 2.101 ................................ B. schlechteri 

15. Blades broadly obovate or oblong-ovate. [Fig. 2.1 11 ................ B. laporteifolia 

16. Umbo submarginal; blades obliquely linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Gabon. [Fig. 

2.121 ....................................................... B. hirsutula 

16. Umbo distant from margin. 

17. Petioles glabrous, very long; blades ovate. Gabon. [Fig. 2.131 .......... B. clypeifolia 

17. Petioles vestite, shorter than the blades; blades oblong-ovate, almost twice as long as 

13. Capsules strongly alate. 

wide. 

18. Staminate tepals very unequal, one orbicular, the other oblong. Gabon. [Fig. 2.141 ... 

....................................................... B.anisosepala 

18. Staminate tepals equal, orbicular or broader. Angola, Congo. [Fig. 2.151 ........... 

...................................................... B.mayombensis 

20. Petioles densely vestite with long, flat trichomes; capsule subglobose, subterranean ..... 

1 2. Blades entire or subentire, sometimes slightly undulate. 

19. Capsules exalate. Cameroon. 

............................................................. B.hypogaea 

20. Petioles glabrous or subglabrous; capsule elongate, supraterranean; umbo submarginal. 

Gabon. [Fig. 2.161 ............................................. B. scutifolia 

19. Capsules alate; petioles mostly longer than the blades. 

2 1. Nerves glabrous beneath; capsules subglobose, 3-4-angled. 

22. Blades glandular-puberulent above; tepals bicolorous, one yellow, the other red. Congo. 

[Fig. 2.171 .................................................... B. gentilii 

22. Blades glabrous above; tepals uniformly yellow or orange. 

23. Umbo submarginal; blades 0.7-3.5 cm long; tepals 4-5 mm long. Congo. [Fig. 2.181 

.................................................... B.vankerckhovenii 

23. Umbo at least 1 cm above base of blade; blades 7-18 cm long; tepals 6-12 mm long. 

Congo north to Sierra Leone and Guinea. [Fig. 2.191 .............. B. quadrialata 

Indument setose. Gabon. (1 87 1). [Fig. 2.201 ........................ B. scutulum 

2 1. Nerves vestite beneath. 

24. 
NUMBER 60 7 

Cameroon. (1921). .......................................... B. calophylla 

2.5. Ovary slender; umbo at least 1 cm above base of blade; blades 7-18 cm long; tepals 6- 

2.5. Ovary broad. 

24. Indument of fine hairs. 

12 nim long. Congo north to Sierra Leone and Guinea. [Fig. 2.193 ... B. quadrialata 

26. Blades pubescent on both sides. Congo, Cameroon, Gabon. [Fig. 2.2 11 ........... 

...................................................... B.potamo phila 

26. Blades glabrous above. Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria ....... B. calabarica 

1. Inflorescence basally dichotomous or more divided. 

27. Petioles glabrous or their indument sparse, inconspicuous, or evanescent. 

28. Umbo submarginal; blade-base subcordate. 

29. Blades i\.ithout an acuminate apex. 

30. Inflorescence rnany-flowered; blades even, 5-1 5 cm wide. India. [Fig. 2.221 ........... 

30. Inflorescence 2-flowered; blades strongly reticulate, 5 cm wide. Borneo. [Fig. S2] ....... 

............................................................ B.speluncae 

29. Blade ovate ivith acuminate apex, sometimes lobed. Nepal. [Fig. 2.231 ......... B. rubella 

32. Inflorescence unilateral. Malaya. [Fig. 2.241 .......................... B. kingiana 

33. Philippines. [Fig. 2.251 ..................................... B. hernandioides 

33. China: Hainan. [Fig. 2.261. ..................................... B. peltatijiolia 

3.5. Staminate tepals 2. Mexico to Colombia. [Fig. 2.271 ................ B. nelumbiijiolia 

3.5. Staminate tepals 4. Ecuador. [Fig. 2.281 ............................. B. serotina 

36. Blades bullate. Sumatra. [Fig. 2.291 ............................. *B. goegoensis 

37. Blades laxly glandular-serrate. Java. [Fig. 2.301 ...................... *B. coriacea 

38. Apex of blade shallowly trilobate, obtuse. Siam. [Fig. 2.311 ............. B. rabilii 

39. Blades acute. Philippines. [Fig. 2.321 ........................... B. tayabensis 

..................................................... *B.peninsulae 

........................................................ *B. albo-coccinea 

28. Unibo far from margin: blade-base broadly rounded. 

3 1. Ovary 2-celled; plant glabrous. 

32. Inflorescence regularly dichotomous. 

3 1. Ovary 3-celled. 

34. Placentas bilamellate. America. 

34. Placentas simple. Southeast Asia, East Indies. 

36. Blades flat, even. 

37. Blades entire or subentire. 

38. Apex of blade entire. 

39. Blades broadly rounded and apiculate or acuminate. 

40. Bracts long-ciliate; blades suborbicular, apiculate. Malaya. [Fig. 2.331 ........... 

40. Bracts glabrous: blades oblong-ovate, acuminate. China: Yunnan ....... B. wangii 

27. Petioles notably vestite. 

4 1. Unibo submarginal. 

42. Blades deeply cut or lobed. 

43. Blades subsymmetric, deeply lobed. Mexico. [Fig. 2.341 ................. B. corzoensis 

......................................................... ?*B,lindleyana 

43. Blades strongly asymmetric. Guatemala. species doubtfully natural. [Fig. 2.41 .......... 

42. Blades niinutely cut if at all. 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

44. Blades broadly rounded at base or very slightly and broadly indented. 

45. Blades subsymmetric. Burma. [Fig. 2.351 ........................ B. subperfoliata 

45. Blades strongly oblique. Malaya. [Fig. 2.361 ........................ B. eiromischa 

46. Bracts suborbicular to obovate, ciliate. Java ........................... ?B. lobbii 

46. Bracts elliptic, acute, pilose. Java, Sumatra, Borneo. [Fig. 2.371 ............. B. mollis 

4 1. Umbo distant from blade-margin. 

44. Blades subcordate at base with overlapping lobes. East Indies. 

47. Blades densely long-ciliate. East Indies. 

48. Blades bullate. Sumatra. [Fig. 2.381 ................................ B. sudjanae 

48. Blades flat, even. Philippines. [Fig. 2.391. ............................. B. rufipila 

47. Blades inconspicuously ciliate if at all. 

49. Trichomes stellate. Brazil. 

50. Staminate tepals 2. Bahia. [Fig. 2.401 ............................. B. fellererana 

50. Staminate tepals 4. Rio de Janeiro. .............................. B. santos-limae 

5 1. Staminate tepals 2. 

49. Trichomes simple. 

52. Inflorescence irregular; capsule-wings slightly unequal. Central America. [Fig. 2.21 .... 

52. Inflorescence regularly dichotomous. 

........................................................ * B.conchifolia 

53. Capsule-wing single, falcate; blades obtusely angled, to 10 cm long. Central America: 

Guatemala, El Salvador. [Fig. 2.411. ............................ B. calderonii 

53. Capsule-wings 3; blades evenly rounded except for the apex. 

54. Mature blades duplicate-serrate, emarginate and plicate at base. Ecuador. [Fig. 2.421 

54. Mature blades entire, broadly rounded at base and flat; staminate tepals 2. 

...................................................... B. asympeltata 

55. Stipules glabrous, broadly oblong; capsule-wings truncate above. Philippines ...... B.elmeri 

55. Stipules pilose, lanceolate; capsule-wings rounded above. Mexico to Colombia. [Fig. 

2.271 ................................................ B. nelumbiifolia 

......................................................... 

5 1. Staminate tepals 4. 

56. Blades evenly vestite beneath. 

57. Mature blades with a single basal lobe. Tropical America, doubtfully natural. [Fig. 2.431 

........................................................ *B.sunorchis 

57. Mature blades unlobed. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 

58. Blades pilose above. [Fig. 2.441 ................................ B. concinna 

58. Blades glabrous above. [Fig. 2.451 .............................. B. peltifolia 

59. Outer tepals vestite. Brazil: S~O Paulo. [Fig. 2.461 .................. B. paulensis 

59. Outer tepals glabrous. Malaya. 

60. Petioles 2-3 times longer than the 6-7 cm long blades; fruiting pedicels 12-1 5 mm 

long. [Fig. 2.471 ............................................ B. ignorata 

60. Petioles about the same length as the blades; fruiting pedicels 50 mm long. [Fig. 2.331 

56. Blades vestite principally on the nerves beneath. 

...................................................... *B.peninsulae 

Subkey 3 

1. Inflorescence dense or with a central axis, not basally and laxly dichotomous (excluding the 

pedicels). 
NUMBER 60 9 

2. Axis of the inflorescence elongate, exceeding the leaves. 

3. Staminate tepals 2. America. 

4. Blades broadly rounded at base, shallowly angulate-repand. Central America? [Fig. 3.11 .... 

............................................................. * B.sparsipila 

5. Petioles bearing fimbriate rings of flat trichomes; capsule-wings equal [Fig. 3.21 ......... 

............................................................. *B.manicata 

5. Petioles villous; capsule-wings unequal. [Fig. 2.31 ..................... *B. polygonata 

6. Blades serrate, usually slenderly lobed. India. [Fig. 3.31 .................... B. josephii 

7. Umbo median; inflorescence simple, racemose. Madagascar [Fig. 3.41 .... B. marojejyensis 

4. Blades subcordate at base, strongly double-serrate. Mexico. 

3. Staminate tepals 4; capsule-wings very unequal. 

6. Blades subentire. 

7. Umbo eccentric; inflorescence slightly branched. Central America: Guatemala. [Fig. 3.51 . . 

.............................................................. B.militaris 

8. Fruit wingless or with all the wings very narrow, mostly slender and indehiscent; blades entire 

2. Axis of the inflorescence very short; inflorescence dense or lax or one-flowered. 

or subentire at least on the basal half. Africa. 

9. Blades bullate. 

10. Petioles long-pilose. Cameroon. [Fig. 2.61 ......................... B. microsperma 

10. Petioles glabrous. Nigeria. [Fig. 2.51 ................................. *B.ficicola 

1 1. Fruit subglobose, subterranean. Cameroon ........................... B. hypogaea 

9. Blades flat, even (at least not noted as bullate). 

1 1. Fruit elongate. 

12. Indument of peltate scales; staminate tepals 4. 

13. Umbo submarginal; stamens about 8, styles 2. Congo, Gabon. [Fig. 3.61 . B. subscutata 

13. Umbo distant from the blade-margin; stamens 18-20; styles 4. Congo, Cameroon. [Fig. 

3.71 ........................................................ B. schultzei 

12. Indument of simple hairs or bristles. 

14. Petioles much shorter than the blades; umbo submarginal. Tropical West Africa. Fernando Po. [Fig. 3.81 ............................................. B. gilgii 

14. Petioles longer than the blades; staminate tepals 2. 

15. Blades with nerves setose beneath; margins undulate. Cameroon. (1 87 1). [Fig. 

2.201 ..................................................... B. scutulum 

(1 92 1) ................................................... B. calophylla 

15. Blades with soft hairs. 

16. Blades suborbicular with no apical projection; styles 3. (Gabon). [Fig. 3.91 ......... 

........................................................ B.ferramica 

16. Blades ovate, apiculate or acute; styles 4. 

17. Umbo subbasal; blade acute. Gabon. [Fig. 3.101 .................... B. triflora 

17. Umbo 5 cm above blade-base; blade apiculate. Gabon. [Fig. 3.1 11 ...... B. batesii 

8. Fruit Lvith at least one broad wing, mostly dehiscent. 

18. Blades symmetric or nearly so, straight. 

19. Staminate tepals 2. 

20. Fruits 3-angled with a single wing. Mexico. [Fig. 3.121 ................ *B. francisiae 

20. Fruit 4-angled, 4-winged. Africa: Cameroon. .......................... B. dusenii 

2 1. Stem erect; blades orbicular. Indian Ocean: Socotra. [Fig. 3.131. ......... B. socotrana 

19. Staminate tepals 4. 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

21. Stem scandent. South America. 

22. Stamens on a long column, numerous; outer staminate tepals 8-20 mm long. 

23. Blades coarsely dentate; cortex red-brown; outer staminate tepals dentate. Colombia, 

Ecuador. [Fig. 3.141 ....................................... B. maurandiae 

23. Blades subentire; cortex gray, crustose; outer staminate tepals entire. Ecuador. [Fig. 

3.151 ................................................... B. geminiflora 

24. Peduncles several and secund from leafless branches. Ecuador. [Fig. 3.161. B. dodsonii 

24. Peduncles solitary, axillary. 

25. Outer staminate tepals 14-1 5 mm long; stamens numerous; cortex gray, crustose. 

Ecuador. [Fig. 3.1 71 ....................................... B. hitchcockii 

25. Outer staminate tepals not over 6 mm long; stamens few. 

26. Blades subentire, bicolorous. Ecuador. [Fig. 3.181 ............... B. truncicola 

26. Blades coarsely dentate, concolorous. Colombia, Ecuador. [Fig. 3.191 . B. segregata 

22. Stamens free or on a low torus. 

18. Blades asymmetric, straight or oblique. 

27. Blades broadly ovate to orbicular. 

28. Staminate tepals 2; ovary 4-alate. Africa: Cameroon ..................... B. dusenii 

28. Staminate tepals 4. 

29. Blades cordate at base. Madagascar. [Fig. 3.201 ................... B. mangorensis 

29. Blades rounded at base. China: Kweichow, Yunnan. [Fig. 3.211 ......... B. cavaleriei 

30. Stem erect, 1.5-2 ni high; blades entire, strongly oblique. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

3.221 ...................................................... * B. lubbersii 

30. Stem repent or scandent, slender; blades dentate. Gabon. 

3 1. Blades straight; unibo submarginal. [Fig. 2.121 ...................... B. hirsutula 

3 1. Blades transverse; umbo distant from the margin. [Fig. 2.141 ......... B. anisosepala 

27. Blades much longer than wide. 

1. Inflorescence basally and laxly once (excluding the pedicels) or more dichotomous. 

32. Blades Mith several lobes. 

33. Lobes again lobed; blades to 3 cm long. Siam. [Fig. 3.231 .................... B. pumila 

33. Lobes simple; blades much larger. 

34. Lobes slender, attenuate. India. [Fig. 3.31 .............................. B. josephii 

34. Lobes broad. Ecuador to Bolivia. [Fig. 1.31. ........................ B. erythrocarpa 

32. Blades not lobed or with a single basal auricle. 

35, Blades r+ithout a distinct apex, reinform or suborbicular. 

36. Staminate tepals 4. 

37. Blades reniform, coarsely and densely serrate. (B. renqormis Vell., non Dryand.) Brazil: Rio 

de Janeiro. [Fig. 3.241 ............................................ B. fabulosa 

37. Blades orbicular, crenate. Indian Ocean: Socotra. [Fig. 3.131 ............. B. socotrana 

38. Plant glabrous. State? [Fig. 3.251 .............................. *B. umbraculifera 

38. Plant densely pale tomentose. GoiAs. [Fig. 3.261 ..................... B. machrisiana 

36. Staniinate tepals 2; blades undulate-angled. Brazil. 

3.5. Blades Mith a distinct protruding apex. 

39. Blades symmetric. 

40. Stem repent, short; leaves densely stellate-pubescent. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro ............ 

.......................................................... B.santos-limae 

40. Stem scandent or pendent, elongate. Northwestern South America. 
NUMBER 60 11 

41. Umbo close to the broadly truncate blade-base; blade to 24 cm long, 7-11 cm wide; 

........................................................... B.aeranthos 

41. Unibo about equidistant from the rounded base and sides of the blade or the blade 

stamens few; largest capsule-wing falciform, ascending. Ecuador. [Fig. 3.271 .......... 

subcordate at base. 

42. Blades prominently dentate, often more or less cordate. 

43. Outer staminate tepals dentate; stamens on a tall column; capsule-wings very unequal. 

Colombia, Ecuador. [Fig. 3.141 ............................... B. rnaurandiae 

43. Outer staminate tepals entire; stamens on a low torus; capsule-wings subequal. Ecuador. 

[Fig. 3.281 ................................................... B. ynesiae 

42. Blades subentire, rounded at base. 

44. Filaments longer than the anthers. 

45. Umbo the length of the blade above its base; outer staminate tepals -5 mm long; 

anthers -2 mm long. Ecuador. [Fig. 3.291 .................... B. pululahuana 

45. Umbo l/4 or less the length of the blade above its base; outer staminate tepals 9-15 

mni long; anthers 1-1.5 mm long. 

46. Stem erect; blades acute. Cultivated. [Fig. S3]. ................ *B. brongniartii 

46. Stem scandent; blades acuminate. Peru. 

47. Nerves and hairs of the blades red; inner staminate tepals at least as broad as the 

outer. [Fig. 3.301. ...................................... .B. rubrotincta 

47. Nerves and hairs of the blade pale; inner staminate tepals much narrower than the 

outer. [Fig. 3.3 1 ] ......................................... B. wurdackii 

44. Filaments shorter than the anthers or lacking. 

48. Stamen column tall. Colombia. [Fig. 3.321 ..................... B. spadiciflora 

48. Stamen column short or lacking. 

49. Cortex dark red, firm; staminate tepals dark red, 9-12 mm long. Ecuador. [Fig. 

3.331 B,sodiroi 

49. Cortex gray, friable; staminate tepals pink. Colombia, Ecuador. [Fig. 3.341 ....... .................................................... B. tropaeolifolia 

..................................................... 

39. Blades asymmetric. 

50. Petioles glabrous or sparsely and evanescently vestite. 

5 1. Blade-niargins strongly cut, angulate-repand or undulate and crenate-serrate. 

52. Staminate tepals 2. 

53. Umbo subcentral. Cultivated, origin unknown ..................... *B. rnacrotis 

53. Unibo -l/? the length of the blade above the base. Cultivated, Central America? [Fig. 

3.11 ..................................................... *B. sparsipila 

54. Capsule equally 3-horned. Venezuela. [Fig. 3.351 .................. B. trujillensis 

54. Capsule alate; stem short. 

55. Blades ovate or orbicular, oblique; capsule-wings strongly unequal. India. [Fig. 

3-31 ...................................................... B. josephii 

55. Blades elliptic, transverse; capsule-wings equal. Peru. [Fig. 3.361 ..... B. rnayasiana 

52. Staminate tepals 4. 

5 1. Blade-margins subentire. 

56. Blade-base broadly emarginate or subcordate. 

57. Staminate tepals 2; blade-base subcordate. Central America. [Fig. 3.371 . *B. pruinata 

57. Staminate tepals 4; blade-base broadly emarginate. 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

58. Outer staminate tepals sparsely setiferous; bracts deciduous; pistillate bracteoles lanceolate. Cultivated from Venezuela. [Fig. 3.381 ................. *B. boucheana 

58. Outer staminate tepals glabrous; bracets persistent, obovate or elliptic. 

59. Blades suborbicular, sinuate-emarginate at base; umbo 4-5 cm from base. Malaya. 

[Fig. 2.331 .............................................. B. peninsulae 

59. Blades ovate, attenuate toward apex, cordate at base; umbo 1-2 mm from base. 

Cultivated. Brazil or Venezuela. [Fig. S4] .................... *B. wagenerana 

56. Blade-base not at all indented. 

60. Blades acute at either end, lanceolate, maculate. Brazil: state? [Fig. 3.221 . *B. lubbersii 

60. Blades broadly rounded at the short end. 

61. Staminate tepals 4. Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 3.391. ........... B. biguassuensis 

6 1. Staminate tepals 2. Indonesia: Sarawak ......................... B. baramensis 

50. Petioles notably vestite. 

62. Indument of the petioles clearly stellate or squamiform. 

63. Blade-base subcordate; blade subentire to doubly serrate. 

64. Indument stellate; blade straight. Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. [Fig. 

3.401 ....................................................... B.sinuata 

64. Indument squamiform in rings around the petiole; blade transverse. Mexico. [Fig. 3.21 

........................................................ *B.manicata 

63. Blade-base not more than shallowly indented. Brazil. 

65. Blades more than twice as long as wide. 

66. Blades transverse, entire. Pernambuco. [Fig. 3.411 .................... B. lealii 

66. Blades straight or nearly so, sinuate-dentate. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 3.421 .......... 

.................................................. B.campos-portoana 

65. Blades suborbicular. 

67. Staminate tepals 4; anthers obovate; blades 8-10-nerved, 20-30 cm long. Rio de 

Janeiro ................................................ B. santos-limae 

67. Staminate tepals 2; anthers linear; blades 6-nerved, 5 cm long. Bahia. [Fig. 2.401. ... 

....................................................... B.fellererana 

69. Mature blades with a single basal auricle. Cultivated, Tropical America. [Fig. 2.431. .. 

70. Outer staminate tepals vestite. Mexico, Guatemala. [Fig. 3.431 .......... B. peltata 

authors.) Guatemala. [Fig. 3.441 ............................. B. kellermanii 

62. Indunient of the petioles of simple hairs or so dense as not to be distinguishable. 

68. Blades evenly tomentose beneath. 

........................................................ *B.sunorchis 

69. Mature leaves unlobed. 

70. Outer staminate tepals glabrous. (Considered conspecific with B. peltutu by some 

68. Blades vestite mainly or exclusively on the nerves beneath. 

7 1. Blades subcordate at base with overlapping lobes, pseudopeltate, undulate-angled. 

72. Bracts suborbicular to obovate, ciliate. Java ......................... B. lobbii 

Indonesia. 

72. Bracts elliptic, acute, pilose. Java, Sumatra, Borneo. [Fig. 2.371 .......... B. mollis 

7 1. Blades broadly rounded at base or very slightly and broadly indented. 

73. Blades lance-oblong, much longer than wide, straight. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

3.451 B.egregia 

73. Blades reniform to broadly ovate or suborbicular, transverse. 

...................................................... 
NUMBER 60 13 

74. lndument restricted to a ring of hairs at apex of petiole; blade broadly reniform. 

74. Indument widely distributed on petiole. 

Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 3.461 ............................. B. pilgerana 

2.361 ................................................. B. eiromischa 

ica: Guatemala. [Fig. 3.471 .............................. B. sciadiophora 

7 5. Inflorescence many-flowered; outer staminate tepals obovate. Malaya. [Fig. 

75. Inflorescence few-flowered; outer staminate tepals narrowly elliptic. Central AmerSubkey 4 

2. Inflorescence once dichotomous; stems branching, 25-35 cm high. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 

2. Inflorescence several times dichotomous; stems simple, bambusoid, several meters high. Brazil. 

1. Blades compound; staminate tepals 4 (unknown in B. semidigitata). 

4.11 ........................................................... B.hemsleyana 

3. Petioles niuricate. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.21 ........................... B. pentaphylla 

5. Leaflets sessile; capsule broader than long. Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo. [Fig. 4.31 ......... 

3. Petioles glabrous or variously pubescent but not muricate. 

4. Leaflets evenly serrate. 

............................................................. B.luxurians 

5. Leaflets petiolulate. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.41 ........................... B. digitata 

6. Flowers very numerous; tepals 2-3 mm long. Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, 

Parana. [Fig. 4.51 ............................................ B. incisoserrata 

6. Flowers rather few; tepals 10-12 mm long. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.61 ..... B. semidigitata 

7. Petioles with a ring of trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous; blades with deeply cut subequal 

lobes. Bolivia. [Fig. S5] .......................................... B. leathermaniae 

7. Petioles glabrous or with generally distributed trichomes. 

4. Leaflets lobulate as well as serrate. 

1. Blades simple. 

8. Lobes obtuse, broadly subacute, or apiculate. 

10. Blade-base emarginate to broadly cuneate. 

9. Blade with its longest nerve strongly oblique to transverse to the petiole. 

1 1. Lobes all (or at least the terminal) oblong. Brazil. 

12. Shorter lobes broadly ovate or subtriangular, all lobes unlobed. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 

4.71 ....................................................... B. altamiroi 

12. Shorter lobes oblong like the longest, some lobes again lobed. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.81 

........................................................ B.aconitifolia 

1 1. Lobes all broadly subtriangular or ovate. 

1 3. Stipules deciduous; blades doubly dentate; inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 4.91 .................................... B. grandipetala 

1 3. Stipules persistent; blades uniformly dentate; inflorescence once dichotomous. 

14. Stem and leaves hispid. Central America: Guatemala. [Fig. 4.101 .......... B. ignea 

14. Stem and leaves glabrous. Mozambique, Southern Rhodesia, and South Africa. [Fig. 

4.111 .................................................... B.sonderana 

10. Blade-base strongly cordate. 

15. Leaves solitary or fascicled; stem tuberous or rhizomatous. 

16. Tepals 2 in both sexes, glandular-pubescent. Mexico. [Fig. 4.121 ......... B. kortsiae 

16. Tepals more than 2, glabrous. 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

17. Pistillate tepals 5, not lobed. Ecuador. [Fig. 4.131 ................... B. triramosa 

........................................................ B.octopetala 

17. Pistillate tepals more than 5 or some deeply lobed. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 4.141 ....... 

15. Leaves separated by long internodes; stem erect. 

18. Lobes rounded. Southern Brazil. [Fig. 4.151 .......................... B. lobata 

18. Lobes acute. 

19. Lobes again lobed. Indochina .............................. ?B. langbianensis 

19. Lobes not more than dentate. 

20. Blades many-lobed; lobes mostly shallow. 

2 1. Petioles glabrous except for an apical ring of stout trichomes. Brazil: Parani. [Fig. 

S6] .................................................. B.paranaensis 

2 1. Petioles evenly vestite throughout. 

22. Staminate and pistillate flowers 5-parted throughout, ovary partly superior. Hawaii. 

[Fig. S7] .................................... Hillebrandia sandwicensis 

22. Staminate perianth 4-parted; ovary 3-parted, wholly inferior. 

23. Placentas bilamellate; blades ovate. Java. [Fig. 4.161 ........... B. multangula 

23. Placentas simple; blades suborbicular or subreniform; inflorescence 5-6 times 

.................................................... B.reniformis 

24. Inflorescence 4-branched at base; blades 2-lobed; outer tepals vestite. Origin unknown. [Fig. 4.181. ....................................... *B. metallica 

24. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. Brazil. 

25. Smaller capsule-wings subtriangular; inflorescence 4-5 times dichotomous; blades 

2-lobed. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.191 ........................... B. cariocana 

25. Smaller capsule-wings narrowly crescentiform; blades 3-4-lobed. 

26. Outer tepals puberulous. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.201 .............. B. jocelinoi 

26. Outer tepals glabrous. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 4.211 .............. B. apparicioi 

9. Blade with its longest nerve nearly or quite continuing the direction of the petiole or the 

dichotomous. Brazil: Ceara to Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Goias. [Fig. 4.171 ...... 

20. Blades 2-4-lobed. Brazil. 

nerves subequal. 

28. Blade deeply cordate with a narrow sinus; inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. Ecuador, 

27. Stem long, leafy, exceeding the basal leaves. 

Peru, and Bolivia. 

29. Stem crustose, gray, stout, to 5 m long. [Fig. 1.31 ................. B. erythrocarpa 

29. Stem not crustose, slender, relatively short. [Fig. 4.221 ................ B. acerifolia 

30. Inflorescence to 7 times dichotomous; flowers more than 100; tepals 4 mm long. Colombia 

to Bolivia. [Fig. 4.231 ........................................ B. pamiflora 

30. Inflorescence 3-5 times dichotomous. 

3 1. Inflorescence terminal, 4-5 times dichotomous; blades mostly cut more than half-way 

3 1. Inflorescences mostly axillary; blades cut less than half-way to base; tepals 10-24 mm 

28. Blade shallowly cordate or with a broad rounded sinus. 

to base; tepals 2-4 mm long. Brazil: Minas Gerais. [Fig. 4.241 .......... B. gardneri 

32. Blades suborbicular, 5-lobed. Cultivated. [Fig. 4.251 ............. *B. platanifolia 

32. Blades ovate, 3-lobed. Cultivated. [Fig. S40] ........................ 

long. Brazil? Cultivated, but possibly a natural species. 

*B. olbia 

27. Stem a tuber or short rhizome or when erect then shorter than the basal leaves. 

33. Blades 1-5 cm long. 
NUMBER 60 15 

34. Staminate tepals 4; lobes short, rounded, entire; blades -1 cm long. Indochina. [Fig. 

4.261 ................................................... B. hymenophylla 

34. Staminate tepals 2: lobes variously cut: blades -4 cm long. Madagascar. 

35. Lobes short and broad, coarsely crenate. [Fig. 4.271 ................. B. bagotiana 

35. Lobes long with linear lobes. [Fig. 4.281 ....................... B. manajebensis 

staminate tepals 2. Burma. [Fig. 4.291 ........................... B. brandisiana 

38. Lobes triangular, mostly again lobed, staminate tepals 4. Philippines. [Fig. 4.301 .... 

33. Blades 7-20 cm long. 

36. Lobes cut about half-way to base, serrate, acute; blade symmetric, basally cordate, 

36. Lobes short and broad. 

37. Blade laterally cordate, the larger basal lobe covering the top of the petiole. 

......................................................... B.collisiae 

38. Lobes broadly rounded, serrulate. Ecuador. [Fig. 4.131 ............. B. triramosa 

39. Blade shallowly cordate: lobes longer than wide. [Fig. 4.311 .... *B. philodendroides 

39. Blade deeply cordate with overlapping basal lobes: lobes as broad as or broader than 

40. Stipules and petioles pubescent. [Fig. 4.321 ...................... *B. chivatoa 

40. Stipules and petioles glabrous. [Fig. 4.331 .................... *B. kenworthyae 

4 1. Petiole-apex bearing a dense ring of slender trichomes: stem-internodes short, the leaves and 

peduncles fasciculate at the apex of a stout rhizome. Ecuador. [Fig. 4.341 ..... B. ludwigii 

4 1. Petiole-apex without a ring of trichomes; stem-internodes elongate or the leaves and peduncle 

fasciculate from a tuber. 

37. Blade basally cordate: lobes serrulate; staminate tepals 2. Mexico. 

long. 

8. Lobes attenuate or long-acuminate (at least the terminal). 

42. Flowering stem-internodes single or 2 with the terminal one usually the larger. 

43. Leaf-lobes (some of them) again lobed. 

44. Blade symmetric, straight; lobes 3-7. 

45. Basal sinus very shallow, acute; lobes narrow, to 3 times as long as wide, sharply lobed. 

46. Capsule oblong, wings linear. Siam. [Fig. 4.351 ..................... B. garrettii 

46. Capsule ovoid, unequally trialate. China: Szechwan. [Fig. S8] ........... B. imitans 

45. Basal sinus deep but broadly rounded: lobes broad once to twice as long as wide, 

undulate-lobed. Burma. [Fig. 4.291 ............................ B. brandisiana 

47. Blade obliquely cordate; inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 

4.361 ...................................................... B.miranda 

47. Blade straight-cordate. 

44. Blade asymmetric, strongly oblique to transverse to the petiole. 

48. Inflorescence twice dichotomous: pistillate tepals 3. 

49. Blades cut less than half-way to the base: lobes broad. Mexico. [Fig. 4.371 ........ ....................................................... B.acutiloba 

49. Blades cut very deeply: lobes narrow. China: Szechwan, Yunnan. [Fig. 4.381 ...... ........................................................ B.taliensis 

50. Basal sinus deep, broadly rounded. Siam. [Fig. 4.391 .............. B. obovoidea 

50. Basal sinus shallow, acute. 

48. Inflorescence only once dichotomous. 

5 1. Internodes one or none. China: Szechwan, Hupei, Kweichow. [Fig. 4.401 ....... 

51. Internodes 2 or more. India. [Fig. 4.411 ...................... B. sikkirnensis 

..................................................... B.pedatifida 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

43. Leaf-lobes unlobed, serrulate to duplicate-dentate. 

52. Blades 3-5-lobed, at least some oblique. 

53. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous; blades all strongly oblique. Tropical Africa. [Fig. 

4.421 ....................................................... B.oxyloba 

53. Inflorescence once dichotomous; some blades straight. Indochina. [Fig. 4.431 ....... 

......................................................... B.baviensis 

52. Blades 6-7-lobed. 

54. Blades cut not more than half-way to base, cordate at base. 

55. Inflorescence twice dichotomous; ovary wings very narrow; stem unknown. Colombia. 

[Fig. 4.441 ........................................... B. hydrophylloides 

55. Inflorescence once dichotomous; ovary wings as broad as or broader than high. China: 

Fukien. [Fig. 4.451 ........................................... B. digyna 

56. Lobes lanceolate, curved, to 18 cm long and 5 cm wide. Yunnan ..... B. laminariae 

56. Lobes narrowly lanceolate, to 12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. Kwangtung. [Fig. 4.461 

...................................................... B. circumlobata 

54. Blades deeply cut, emarginate at base. China. 

42. Flowering stem internodes 3 or more, usually decreasing in size upward. 

57. Inflorescence 4-7 times dichotomous. 

58. Outer staminate tepals narrow, 17-24 mm long, red. Peru. [Fig. 4.471 . B. monadelpha 

58. Outer staminate tepals broad, 3-7 mm long. 

59. Inflorescence 6-7 times dichotomous; flowers more than 100; tepals 4 mm long. 

Colombia to Bolivia. [Fig. 4.231 ............................... B. parvifora 

59. Inflorescence 4-5 times dichotomous. 

60. Blades deeply cordate at base. Bolivia. [Fig. 4.481 ................... *B. wollnyi 

60. Blades emarginate at base. Brazil: Minas Gerais. [Fig. 4.241 ........... B. gardneri 

57. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous. 

6 1. Blades 6-7-lobed; ovary 2-celled. China. 

62. Lobes obtrapezoid, truncate on one side, attenuate on the other; stipules deciduous. 

Yunnan. [Fig. 4.491. ....................................... B. truncatiloba 

62. Lobes evenly tapered at apex. 

63. Stipules persistent; lobes narrowly lanceolate, to 12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. 

Kwangtung. [Fig. 4.461 ................................... B. circumlobata 

63. Stipules deciduous; lobes broader. Yunnan. 

64. Blades suborbicular, glabrous ............................... B. laminariae 

64. Blades ovate, vestite above. [Fig. 4.501 ........................ B. macrotoma 

61. Blades 2-5-lobed or more (B. palmata) with the additional lobes much reduced. 

65. Stipules deciduous. 

66. Ovary wingless. 

67. Ovary ellipsoid-fusiform. Tropical Africa. [Fig. 4.421 ................ B. oxyloba 

67. Ovary clavate-oblong. Madagascar. [Fig. 4.5 13 .................. B. cladocarpa 

66. Ovary alate. 

68. Inflorescence 3 times dichotomous. China: Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kwangtung. 

[Fig. 4.521 .................................................. B. edulis 

68. Inflorescence only once dichotomous. 

69. Basal blade-sinus shallow. India. [Fig. 4.411. ................... B. sikkimensis 

69. Basal blade-sinus deep. Indochina. [Fig. 4.431. .................. B. baviensis 
NUMBER 60 17 

63. Stipules persistent. 

70. Staminate tepals 2. 

7 1. Blades glabrous, straight, ovate, 3-lobed. (B. elegans Elmer, non H.B.K.) Philippines. 

[Fig. 4.531 .............................................. B. sarmentosa 

7 1. Blades vestite, oblique to transverse. 

72. Lobes cut more than half-way to base; blades almost wholly covered with a dense 

72. Lobes cut less than half-way to base; blades laxly pubescent. Central America: Costa 

Rica, Panama. [Fig. 4.551 ................................ B. involucrata 

mat of brown tomentum. Mexico. [Fig. 4.541 .................... B. bettinae 

70. Staminate tepals 4. 

73. Ovary 3-celled. 

74. Largest capsule-wing apical, ascending; only the terminal lobe acuminate. Ecuador. 

[Fig. 4.221.. ............................................ B. acerzfolia 

74. Largest capsule-wing subapical, deflexed. China: (Formosa) Taiwan . B. formosana 

75. Lobes cut very deeply; stem short. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 4.561 ....... B. scitifolia 

75. Lobes cut less than half-way to base. 

76. Bracts broader than long. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 4.571. ......... B. mengtzeana 

73. Ovary 2-celled. 

76. Bracts longer than broad. Southern China, India, Burma. [Fig. 4.581. ......... 

..................................................... * B.pa1mata 

Subkey 5 

1. Inflorescence compound, paniculate with a central axis, sometimes foliaceous-bracteate. 

2. Blades compound; staminate tepals 2. 

3. Leaflets subentire. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 5.11 .................... B. thiemei 

3. Leaflets distinctly cut. 

4. Leaflets coarsely and densely dentate, unlobed. Mexico, Guatemala. [Fig. 5.21. ........... 

4. Leaflets laxly undulate-dentate, some or all with a single large lateral lobe. (Conspecific with 

B. thiemei by some authors.) Mexico. [Fig. 5.31 ...................... *B. macdougallii 

........................................................... B. carolineifolia 

2. Blades simple. 

5. Staminate tepals 4. 

6. Bracts small. 

7. Blades suborbicular, slightly oblique to the petiole. China: Sikang, Yunnan. [Fig. 5.41 ..... ............................................................. B.muliensis 

7. Blades ovate; transverse to the petiole. Peru. [Fig. 5.51 ...................... B. soror 

8. Blade-lobes very unequal. 

6. Bracts (at least the lowest) foliaceous. 

9. Blades straight; lobes ovate; branches 2-flowered in involucrate heads with many bulblets. 

India. [Fig. 5.61. ............................................. *B. gemmipara 

9. Blades transverse; lobes narrowly triangular; branches several- to many-flowered, dichotomous at base. Mexico. [Fig. 5.71 .................................... B. falciloba 

10. Blades cuneate at base then shallowly cordate, about 4-lobed. Mexico, Guatemala. [Fig. 

5.81 ....................................................... *B. biserrata 

10. Blades not cuneate at base, more or less directly cordate, 4-6 lobed. 

8. Blade-lobes subequal. 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1 1. Plant stemless; blades deeply cordate, about 6-lobed. China: Sikang, Yunnan. [Fig. 

5.41 ....................................................... B.muliensis 

1 1. Plant caulescent. 

12. Blades with large pale spots. Borneo. [Fig. 5.91 ..................... *B. diadema 

12. Blades concolorous. 

13. Blades sparsely puberulous; outer staminate tepals 18-24 mm long; anthers obovoid. 

Brazil? Cultivated, but possibly a natural species. [Fig. 4.251 ...... *B. plantanifolia 

13. Blades glabrous; outer staminate tepals 8-10 mm long; anthers ellipsoid. Brazil: Rio 

de Janeiro. [Fig. 4.81 ...................................... B. aconitifolia 

14. Branches of the inflorescence unequal, the lowest elongate; ovary oblong with very unequal 

wings, the largest triangular. Guatemala. [Fig. 5.101 ................... B. trigonoptera 

14. Branches of the inflorescence subequal, very short. 

15. Bracts deciduous; flowers appearing before the leaves. Guatemala. [Fig. 1.11 ........... ......................................................... *B. crassicaulis 

15. Bracts persistent; flowers appearing with the leaves. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El 

Salvador. [Fig. 5.111 ......................................... *B. heracleifolia 

5. Staminate tepals 2. 

1. Inflorescence simple, racemose, fasciculate, or one-flowered. 

16. Blades deeply cut to compound. 

17. Lobes numerous; blades dissected, broadly ovate; staminate tepals 4. New Guinea. [Fig. 

5.121 .......................................................... B.oligandra 

17. Lobes or leaflets 2-5, broad; staminate tepals 2. 

18. Plants caulescent. South Africa: Natal. 

19. Blades glabrous above; principal lobes with straight or concave margins [Fig. 5.131 ...... 

.......................................................... B.suffruticosa 

19. Blades vestite above; principal lobes with convex margins. [Fig. 5.141 ........ B. partita 

20. Blades compound, tripartite. [Fig. 5.151 .............................. B. leandrii 

20. Blades simple, deeply bilobed. [Fig. 5.161 ............................. B. bernieri 

16. Blades not lobed more than 3/4 to base. 

18. Plants stemless. Madagascar. 

21. Staminate tepals 2. 

22. Plant stemless, tuberous. Madagascar. [Fig. 4.271 ....................... B. bagotiana 

22. Plant caulescent. 

23. Leaves vestite. 

24. Fruit unequally 3-winged. Indochina. .......................... ?B. langbianensis 

24. Fruit wingless, 4-angled. West Africa: Fernando Po. [Fig. 5.171 ...... B. prismatocarpa 

... B. bonthainensis 

B. buttonii 

23. Leaves soon glabrous. 

25. Blade-lobes shallow, broad, serrulate. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 5181 

25. Blade-lobes deep, narrow, coarsely dentate to lobed. South Africa: Natal. [Fig. 5.191 ... 

............................................................ 

2 1. Staminate tepals 4 or more. 

26. Blades lobed more than half-way to base. 

27. Leaves densely pubescent; plant stemless. Peru. [Fig. 5.201 ............. B. weberbaueri 

27. Leaves glabrous or subglabrous. 

28. Blades whitish beneath, nearly or quite straight. Mexico. 

29. Bracts green, persistent, the lower subfoliaceous; blades glabrous, coarsely dentate. [Fig. 

5.2 1 ] .................................................... B. angustiloba 
NUMBER 60 19 

29. Bracts scarious, deciduous, all small; blades slightly vestite, dentate or denticulate. 

30. Lobes ovate-oblong, broadly subacute, dentate. [Fig. 5.221 .............. B. pedata 

30. Lobes triangular, denticulate. (Doubtfully distinct from B. pedata.) [Fig. 5.231 ....... 

........................................................ B.anodifolia 

28. Blades concolorous. 

3 1. Lobes broadly rounded. Cuba. [Fig. 5.241 ......................... *B. cowellii 

32. Lobes narrow; plant stemless. Szechwan, Hupei, Kweichow. [Fig. 4.401 . B. pedatifda 

3 1. Lobes attenuate. China. 

32. Lobes broadly subrhombic; plant caulescent. Yunnan. [Fig. 5.251. ....... B. lacerata 

34. Staminate tepals more than 4, usually 8. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 4.141 ..... *B. octopetala 

3.5. Lobes attenuate, numerous; blades subreniform. Siam. [Fig. 5.261 ....... B. aceroides 

36. Blade-base cuneate; lobes rounded. Indochina. [Fig. 4.261 ......... B. hymenophylla 

37. Plant tuberous; leaves fascicled; lobes -4. [Fig. 5.271 .............. B. lipingensis 

26. Blades not lobed more than half-way to base. 

33. Internodes very short; leaves solitary to subfasciculate. 

34. Staminate tepals 4. 

35. Lobes acute or rounded. 

36. Blade-base cordate; lobes acute. China: Kweichow. 

37. Plant rhizomatous; leaves slightly separated; lobes 2. [Fig. 5.281 ....... B. smithiana 

38. Blades suborbicular or subreniform; lobes subequal, all attenuate; basal nerves 8-9. 

33. Internodes elongate; plants caulescent. 

39. Lobes one-lobed; blades suborbicular. (B. calophylla Irmscher, non Engler.) China: 

39. Lobes several-lobed; blades subreniform. Mexico. [Fig. 5.301 .......... B. portillana 

40. Lobes all acute or obtuse. America. 

Kiangsi. [Fig. 5.291 ............................................. B. algaia 

38. Blades ovate; lobes unequal; basal nerves 4-7. 

41. Bracts much shorter than the pedicels; outer staminate tepals attenuate, serrulate. 

Mexico. [Fig. 5.3 11 ........................................ B. fernaldiana 

41. Bracts large, covering the pedicels; outer staminate tepals rounded, entire. Peru. [Fig. 

5.321 ........................................................ B.velata 

42. Basal blade-nerves 4; blades transverse. East Africa. [Fig. 5.331 ....... B. tayloriana 

42. Basal blade-nerves more than 4. 

40. Lobes (at least the longest) attenuate. 

43. Lobes again lobed. Indochina ............................. ?B. langbianensis 

43. Lobes simple. 

44. Petioles spreading-villous; blades red-ciliate. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 5.341 ......... 

....................................................... ~B.vill~olia 

44. Petioles inconspicuously pubescent to glabrous. India, China, Burma. 

45. Tepals yellow ........................................... B.flavi,flora 

[Fig. 4.581 ............................................... B. palmata 

45. Tepals white to rose (B. laciniata Roxburgh non sensu Forbes, non sensu Hayata) 

Subkey 6 

1. Blades oblique to transverse to the petiole. 

2. Blades cut nearly or completely to the costa; staminate tepals 4. South Africa: Natal. [Fig. 

6.11 ............................................................ B.gueinziana 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2. Blades cut not more than V4 to the costa. 

3. Lobes obtuse, entire; petioles 20-30 mm long. Philippines. [Fig. 6.21. ........ B. quercifolia 

3. Lobes acute, serrate. 

4. Blades diniidiate. Philippines. [Fig. 6.31 ............................. B. longibractea 

4. Blades equal on the petiole. New Guinea. [Fig. 6.41 ................... B. serratipetala 

1. Blades straight or sessile, the central nerve continuing the direction of the petiole when present. 

5. Blades cut nearly or completely to the costa; petioles less than 1 cm long. 

6. Basal lobes dissected; blades ample at base. New Guinea. 

7. Inflorescence clearly dichotomous, terminal; staminate tepals 2 .............. B. kelliana 

7. Inflorescence few-flowered, not clearly dichotomous, often axillary; stipules persistent. 

8. Stipules entire; staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 6.51 ........................ B. bipinnatifda 

8. Stipules serrate or fimbriate. [Fig. 6.61 ............................... B. warburgii 

6. Basal lobes not cut more than serrate. 

9. Blades unlobed on the basal third or fourth. New Guinea. [Fig. 6.71 ....... B. pinnatifda 

9. Blades regularly lobed throughout. 

10. Lobes all or nearly all entire. Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 6.81 .................. B.fllicifoZia 

10. Lobes all or nearly all serrate or dentate. 

11. Blades pinnate, cut complete to the costa. New Guinea. ................. B. kelliana 

1 1. Blades pinnatifid, cut nearly but not quite to the costa. 

12. Capsule-wings crescent-shaped. Gabon. [Fig. 6.91 .................. B. aspleniifolia 

12. Capsule-wings subtriangular. New Guinea. [Fig. 6.101 ....... Symbegonia geraniifolia 

5. Blades nowhere cut more than 3/4 toward the costa. 

14. Lobes obtuse, entire, cut 3/4 toward the costa; petioles 2 mm long. Celebes. [Fig. 6.1 13 

........................................................... B.humilicaulis 

14. Lobes acute, serrate. 

15. Blades sessile. New Guinea. [Fig. 6.121 ............................. B. clemensiae 

15. Blades petiolate. 

13. Blades ample 30-70 mm wide. Indonesia. 

16. Plants tuberous; leaves single; blades few-lobed. Tibet-Burma. [Fig. S9] .............. ..................................................... B. hymenophylloides 

16. Plants caulescent; leaves several; blades 5-1 3-lobed. 

17. Suprabasal; lobes 5-6, narrower than the sinuses. Philippines. [Fig. 6.131 .... B. incisa 

17. Suprabasal lobes 11-13, wider to about as wide as the sinuses. New Guinea. [Fig. 

6.41 .................................................... B. serratipetala 

18. Staminate tepals 4; ovary equally 3-horned; blades very unequal at base. Colombia. [Fig. 

18. Staminate tepals 2. 

13. Blades narrow, 4-25(-30) mm wide. 

6.141 ......................................................... B.hexandra 

19. Blades caudate-acuminate. 

20. Blades dimidiate with the lower lobe semiorbicular and covering the petiole, 7-11 cm 

20. Blades subequilateral at base. Philippines. 

long. New Guinea. [Fig. 6.151 ............................ Symbegonia rnooreana 

2 1. Blades 3-7 cm long; staminate tepals broadly ovate, 3 mm long. [Fig. 6.161 ... B. Zacera 

21. Blades 8-12 cm long; staminate tepals orbicular, 4 mm long. [Fig. 6.171 . . B. lancifolia 

22. Lobes regular, short; blade 1.1-2.5 cm long. Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 6.181 . . B. minutifolia 

.......... B. loheri 

19. Blades acute or acuminate, 1.1-5 cm long. 

22. Lobes irregular, apical; blade 2-5 cm long. Philippines. [Fig. 6.191 
NUMBER 60 21 

Subkey 7 

1. Tepals of both staminate and pistillate flowers more than 5. 

2. Blades sublobate, dentate; staminate tepals obovate. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 4.141 . *B. octopetala 

2. Blades evenly rounded, subentire; staminate tepals sublinear. Peru. [Fig. 1.51 . B. anemoniflora 

3. Staminate tepals 2. 

4. Blades orbicular. 

1. Tepals not more than 5. 

5. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.11 ................ B. heteropoda 

6. Inflorescence unbranched, l-2-flowered. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.21 ........ B. antongilensis 

6. Inflorescence with a long central axis and many secund flowers. Mexico. [Fig. 7.31 ....... 

....................................................... *B. hydrocotylifolia 

7. Inflorescence racemose, few-flowered. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.41 ............. B. neoperrieri 

9. Blades crenate between the angles; plant glabrous. Madagascar ............ B. goudotii 

ico. [Fig. 4.121, .............................................. *B. kortsiae 

7.51 ....................................................... B. floccifera 

5. Inflorescence not dichotomous. 

4. Blades reniform. 

7. Inflorescence dichotomous or trichotomous. 

8. Blades sinuate-dentate or angled with acute points, shallowly cordate. 

9. Blades not crenate. 

10. Inflorescence dichotomous; blades irregularly sinuate; capsule-wings very unequal. Mex10. Inflorescence trichotomous; blades regularly sinuate; capsule-wings equal. India. [Fig. 

8. Blades subentire or crenate, without acute points except at base. 

1 1. Blades crenate; inflorescence once dichotomous. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.61. B. ankaranensis 

I 1. Blades subentire; inflorescence 2-3-dichotomous. 

12. Plant glabrous. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.71 ............................ B. trullifolia 

12. Plant pubescent. Honduras. [Fig. 7.81 ............................ B. hypolipara 

3. Staminate tepals 4 or rarely 3. 

13. Leaf subsessile, basal, solitary. Mexico. [Fig. 7.91 ..................... *B. monophylla 

13. Leaves distinctly petiolate. 

14. Blades reniform, distinctly wider than long. 

15. Margins subentire. 

16. Inflorescence regularly 5-6-times dichotomous; blades stellate-pubescent. Brazil. [Fig. 

16. Inflorescence cincinnate; blades crisp-pilose. Malaya. [Fig. 7.1 I]. ............ B. nurii 

17. Blades bullate; inflorescence dichotomous. Brazil. [Fig. 7.121 ............. B. crispula 

17. Blades even. 

7.101 ..................................................... B. petasitifolia 

15. Margins crenate. 

18. Base tuberous; stipules very few. 

19. Outer staminate tepals to 4.5 mm long. Siam. [Fig. 7.131 .......... B. saxifragifolia 

19. Outer staminate tepals 16-20 mm long. Bolivia. [Fig. 7.141 ............ B. tominana 

18. Base rhizomatous; stipules numerous. 

20. Leaves long-villous on stipules and underside of nerves. Philippines ... B. longovillosa 

20. Leaves sparsely pilose. West Indies. 

2 1. Inner staminate tepals obtuse; blades to 22 mm wide; inflorescences l-2-flowered. 

Cuba. [Fig. 7.151 ............................................ B. ekmanii 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2 1. Inner staminate tepals retuse; blades 4- 10 cm wide; inflorescence 2-6-flowered. 

Hispaniola. [Fig. 7.161 ..................................... B. rotundifolia 

14. Blades orbicular, about as wide as long. 

22. Leaf subsessile, basal, solitary. Mexico. [Fig. 7.91 ................... *B. monophylla 

22. Leaves distinctly petiolate. 

2 3. Margins duplicate-serrate. 

24. Blades shallowly cordate. 

24. Blades strongly cordate. Peru. [Fig. 7.171 ........................... *B. veitchii 

simple. South Africa: Natal. [Fig. 7.181 ........................ *B. geranioides 

7.191 ................................................... B. intennixta 

25. Third capsule-wing smaller than the other 2; petioles stout, to 7 cm long; placentas 

25. Third capsule-wing equaling or larger than the other 2; petioles slender. 

26. Petiole 5-1 5 mm long; capsule-wings equal; placentas simple. Siam, Malaya. [Fig. 

26. Petioles 15-55 mm long; capsule-wings unequal; placentas bilamellate. Siam. [Fig. 

7.201 ....................................................... B.kerrii 

23. Margins crenate to subentire. 

27. Blades deeply cordate. 

28. Peduncles about equaling the leaves; capsule-wings subequal; ovary 2-celled. Indonesia: 

Sumatra ................................................. B. orbiculata 

28. Peduncles exceeding the leaves. 

29. Base tuberous; staminate tepals to 4.5 mm long. Siam. [Fig. 7,131 . . B. saxifragifolia 

29. Base rhizomatous. 

30. Inner staminate tepals obtuse; blades to 22 mm wide; inflorescence 1-2-flowered. 

30. Inner staminate tepals retuse; blades 4-1 1 cm wide. West Indies: Hispaniola. [Fig. 

Cuba. [Fig. 7.151 ........................................... B. ekmanii 

7.161 ................................................. B. rotundifolia 

27. Blades shallowly cordate to cuneate. 

31. Blades broadly cuneate; capsule-wings crescentiform. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.211 ....... 

3 1, Blades shallowly cordate; capsule-wings triangular, acute. 

..................................................... B. kalabenonensis 

32. Capsule-wings spreading, narrow, tapering evenly. Burma. [Fig. 7.221 ............ ...................................................... B.tricuspidata 

32. Capsule-wings ascending with upper side horizontal, broad. Siam. [Fig. 7.231 ...... 

.......................................................... B. incerta 

Subkey 8 

1. Inflorescence dichotomous at base (excluding pedicels). 

2. Base of blade strongly cordate. 

3. Auricles overlapping. 

4. Petioles glabrous. Burma. [Fig. 2.351 .............................. B. subpe$oliata 

5. Blade symmetric. Hong Kong. [Fig. 8.11 .......................... *B.fimbristipula 

6. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous; blades bullate. Malaya. ............... B. rajah 

4. Petioles vestite. 

5. Blades asymmetric. 

6. Inflorescence non-dichotomous; blades even. Indonesia: Moluccas: Amboina. [Fig. 22.131 

B.muricata ............................................................ 
NUMBER 60 23 

3. Auricles not overlapping. 

7. Ovary 2-celled. 

8. Margins evenly and minutely serrulate. India. [Fig. 8.21 .................... B. obversa 

8. Margins with alternating large and small teeth. Siam. [Fig. 8.31 ............... B. grata 

7. Ovary 3-celled. 

9. Blades inequilateral. 

10. Inflorescence once dichotomous; fruit very unequally alate; bracts persistent. India. [Fig. 

8.41 ....................................................... B. adscendens 

10. Inflorescence twice or more times dichotomous. 

11. Staminate tepals 4. Siam. [Fig. 8.51 ................................ B. discreta 

11. Staminate tepals 2. China: Yunnan ............................ B. summoglabra 

12. Staminate tepals more than 4, usually 8. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 4.141 ..... *B. octopetala 

12. Staminate tepals 4. 

13. Capsule-wings equal. Ceylon. [Fig. 8.61 ............................ B. cordifolia 

13. Capsule-wings unequal. 

14. Peduncle only 35 mm long. Siam. [Fig. 8.71 .......................... ?B. putii 

14. Peduncle elongate, exceeding the leaves. South Africa: Natal. [Fig. 7.181 .......... ....................................................... B. geranioides 

9. Blades equilateral. 

2. Base of blade shallowly cordate or retuse to cuneate. 

15. Blade rounded at apex. 

16. Staminate tepals 2. 

17. Capsule-wings subequal, all narrow: stigmas flat-reniform. Madagascar. [Fig. 8.81 ....... 

............................................................. B.isalensis 

17. Capsule -wings unequal; stigmas linear-spiral. West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 8.91 ........ ............................................................. ?B.subtilis 

18. Blades cuneate at base, 6-9 mm long. Indochina. [Fig. 4.261 .......... B. hymenophylla 

18. Blades shallowly cordate. 

19. Petioles glabrous; blade 13-25 mm long; stamens -30: anthers zygomorphic, emarginate. 

Siam, Malaya. [Fig. 7.191. ...................................... B. intermixta 

19. Petioles pubescent. 

20. Anther-connective produced: capsule-wings unequal. South Africa: Natal. [Fig. 7.181 . . ........................................................ B. geranioides 

20. Anther-connective not produced; capsule-wings equal, very narrowly triangular, spreading. Burma. [Fig. 7.221 ...................................... B. tricuspidata 

16. Staminate tepals 4. 

15. Blades acute to acuminate. 

2 1. Staminate tepals 2. 

22. Blades subdimidiate, - 4 cm long, filaments unequally connate; anthers clavate. Indonesia: 

Sumatra. [Fig. 8.101 ........................................... B. horsfeldii 

22. Blades not dimidiate. 

23. Margins coarsely double-dentate; nerves exserted. Burma. [Fig. 8.1 11 . ?B. moulmeinensis 

23. Margins finely dentate or double-crenate; nerves included. Madagascar. 

24. Blades distinctly cordate; margins double-crenate; inflorescence once dichotomous. [Fig. 

8.81 ........................................................ B. isalensis 

24. Blades rounded at base and minutely if at all cordate: inflorescence twice dichotomous. 

[Fig. 8.121 ................................................ B. anjuanensis 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2 1. Staminate tepals 4. 

25. Blades asymmetric. 

26. Blades acuminate, narrowly ovate. 

27. Base broadly rounded. Malaya. [Fig. 8.131 ............................ B. klossii 

27. Base obliquely and shallowly cordate. 

28. Inflorescence once dichotomous; petioles glabrous. (B. monticola Ridley, non C. DC.). 

Malaya. [Fig. 8.141 ........................................... ?B. alpina 

28. Inflorescence more than once dichotomous; petioles lacerate-lepidote. Philippines? ... 

........................................................ B.oxysperma 

26. Blades acute or apiculate, broadly ovate to suborbicular. Malaya. 

29. Base truncate; blade thick. [Fig. 8.151 .............................. B. rheifolia 

29. Base broadly rounded to shallowly cordate; blade thin. 

30. Anthers clavate, retuse. [Fig. 8.161 ................................ B. forbesii 

30. Anthers oblong; connective extended. [Fig. 8.171 ................. B. tiomanensis 

3 1. Margins coarsely double-dentate; nerves exserted. Burma. [Fig. 8.1 11 ?B. moulmeinensis 

3 1. Margins finely and regularly dentate to double-crenate. 

32. Base of blade broadly truncate or subtruncate. Malaya. [Fig. 8.151. ....... B. rheifolia 

32. Base of blade shallowly cordate or broadly rounded. 

33. Staminate tepals elliptic, acute; blades regularly crenate-apiculate. India. [Fig. 8.181 

........................................................... B.crenata 

33. Staminate tepals obtuse. 

34. Anthers linear-oblong; connective produced. Malaya. [Fig. S171. ...... B. herueyana 

34. Anthers ovate or clavate; connective not produced. 

35. Staminate tepals oblong. Malaya. [Fig. 8.161 ....................... B.forbesii 

35. Staminate tepals obovate. 

36. Capsule-wings unequal, obtuse. India. [Fig. 8.191 ................ B. ovatifolia 

36. Capsule-wings equal, narrowly triangular, spreading. Burma. [Fig. 7.221 ........ 

25. Blades symmetric or nearly so. 

.................................................... B.tricuspidata 

1. Inflorescence not dichotoinous at base, its axis simple or lacking (irrespective of pedicels). 

37. Base of blade shallowly cordate to broadly cuneate. 

38. Staminate tepals 2. 

39. Blades subdimidiate; staminate tepals orbicular. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 8.101 ......... 

39. Blades equal on petiole. 

............................................................ ~B.hors~eldii 

40. Blades subtruncate or broadly cuneate at base; stamens 4. Madagascar. 

41. Filaments free; blades finely crenate. [Fig. 8.201 .................. B. sambiranensis 

41. Filaments connate in a column; blades coarsely crenate. [Fig. 8.211 .... B. antsingyensis 

42. Inflorescence paniculate, 11 cm long. Malaya .......................... B. yappii 

42. Inflorescence simple, few-flowered; bracts fimbriate. 

43. Petioles to 15 cni long; blades to 12 cm long; placentas simple; tepals red. China: Hupeh. 

[Fig. 8.221 .................................................... B. henryi 

43. Petioles to 3.5 cm long; blades to 2.2 cm long; placentas bilamellate. West Africa: 

Cameroon. [Fig. 8.91 ........................................... ?B. subtilis 

40. Blades rounded or shallowly cordate at base. 

38. Staminate tepals 4. 

44. Flowers 1-3 at apex of peduncle; filaments forming a column; blades 6-25 mm long. 
NUMBER 60 25 

45. Capsule-wings equal. Malaya, Siam. [Fig. 7.191 ....................... B. intermixta 

45. Capsule-wings unequal. Nossi-Be near Madagascar. [Fig. 8.231 ........... B. perpusilla 

46. Blades about as broad as long, regularly dentate; capsule unequally alate. Colombia. [Fig. 

8.241 ........................................................... B.macra 

46. Blades distinctly longer than broad. 

47. Blades oblique at base; connective extended and greatly dilated. New Guinea [Fig. 8.251 

........................................................ B.archboldiana 

47. Blades symmetric; connective little if at all extended. 

48. Ovary alate, 2-celled. India. [Fig. 8.261 .............................. B. aliciae 

48. Ovary wingless, 3-celled. China: Szechwan. [Fig. 8.271 ................. B. wilsonii 

49. Staminate tepals 5-1 0; pistillate tepals mostly more than 5; capsule-wings very unequal. Andean 

44. Flowers in a raceme. 

37. Base of blade deeply cordate. 

South America. 

50. Blades acute or subacute. 

5 1. Petioles and underside of blades white-lanate; inflorescence 2-flowered; blades sharply 

acute. Peru. [Fig. 8.281 ......................................... B. polypetala 

5 1. Petioles and underside of blades not more than tomentose. 

52. Largest capsule-wing ovate-oblong, obtuse; inflorescence laxly secund-racemose; blades 

tonientose above and below. Colombia. [Fig. 8.241 ....................... B. macra 

52. Largest capsule-wing triangular, acute; styles much branched. 

53. Bracts entire; largest capsule-wing about as wide as high. Ecuador. [Fig. 8.291 ........ 

53. Bracts dentate, ciliate; largest capsule-wing much wider than high. Argentina. [Fig. 

8.301 ..................................................... B. rubricaulis 

....................................................... B. aequatorialis 

50. Blades broadly rounded. 

54. Staminate tepals 3-6 mm long; blades to 3 cm long. 

55. Blades 12-24 mm long. Peru. [Fig 8.3 13 ........................... B. gracillima 

5.5. Blades 24-30 mm long. Bolivia. [Fig. 8.321 ....................... ?B. tenuicaulis 

56. Inflorescence l-2-flowered; staminate tepals 8-1 1, narrow. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 8.331 

56. Inflorescence more than 2-flowered; staminate tepals less than 8, broad. 

54. Staminate tepals 8-30 mm long. 

.......................................................... B.pleiopetala 

57. Largest capsule-wing obtuse; tepals white. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 4.141. .. *B. octopetala 

57. Largest capsule-wing acute; tepals red-spotted. Colombia. [Fig. 8.341 ...... *B. rosacea 

49. Staminate tepals 2 or 4; pistillate tepals mostly 2 or 5. 

58. Blade-margin uniformly rounded and dentate or crenate. 

59. Staminate tepals 2; blades bullate, variegated. Mexico. [Fig. 8.351 ........ B. imperialis 

59. Staminate tepals 4. 

60. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

6 1. Basal blade-lobes overlapping. Burma. [Fig. 2.351 ................. B. subperfoliata 

6 1. Basal blade-lobes free. 

62. Inflorescence racemose. Indochina. [Fig. 8.361 .................... B. harmandii 

62. Inflorescence unilaterally paniculate. Siam. [Fig. 8.51 ................. B. discreta 

63. Outer staminate tepals 6 mm long, yellow. Colombia. [Fig. 8.371 ........... B. lutea 

63. Outer staminate tepals 11-18 mm long, bright red. 

60. Petioles notably vestite. 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

64. Petioles lanate; outer staminate tepals entire. Ecuador. [Fig. 8.381 ...... *B. froebelii 

64. Petioles villous; outer staminate tepals serrate. Peru. [Fig. 8.391 ......... B. herrerae 

65. Base tuberous; leaf single. China: Kwangsi. [Fig. 8.401 .................... B. chingii 

58. Blade-margin irregularly cut. 

65. Base non-tuberous. 

66. Petioles strongly vestite. 

67. Blades broadly rounded at apex. Peru. [Fig. 7.171 .................... *B. veitchii 

67. Blades acute. 

68. Peduncle much exceeding the petioles; outer staminate tepals subacute. Peru. 

69. Outer staminate tepals entire. [Fig. 8.411 ......................... *B. davisii 

69. Outer staminate tepals serrate. [Fig. 8.391 

70. Blades asymmetric at base. Indonesia. [Fig. 22.131 ................. B. muricata 

70. Blades symmetric. New Guinea. [Fig. 8.421 ..................... B. minjemensis 

China: Szechwan. [Fig. 8.271. .................................... B. wilsonii 

73. Blades broadly subacute; pistillate tepals 5. Hab.? [Fig. 8.431 ........... B. morelii 

73. Blades acuminate; pistillate tepals 3. India. [Fig. 8.441 ................. B. dioica 

74. Capsule turbinate. India. [Fig. 8.453 .......................... B. tessaricarpa 

75. Larger margin-projections acute. New Guinea. [Fig. 8.461. ........ B. physandra 

76. Blades -6 cm long, [Fig. 8.471 ................................ B. woodii 

........................ B. herrerue 

68. Peduncle about equaling the petioles. 

66. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

7 1. Ovary wingless, fusiform; outer staminate tepals broadly ovate; blades subsymmetric. 

7 1. Ovary alate. 

72. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

72. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

74. Capsule broadest in the middle. 

75. Larger margin-projections broadly rounded. Philippines. 

76. Blades - 14 cm long. [Fig. 8.481 ............................ B. coronensis 

Subkey 9 

1. Blades without a distinct apex, orbicular or reniform; staminate tepals 4. 

2. Rhizome slender, with long internodes. 

3. Pedicels very short, exceeded by the denticulate bracts. Borneo ................ B. pyrrha 

3. Pedicels elongate; bracts inconspicuous. 

4. Basal blade-lobes overlapping, Malaya [Fig. 9.11 ...................... B. thaipingensis 

5. Inflorescence much exceeding the leaves. Brazil: S5o Paulo. [Fig. 9.21 ...... B. hoehneana 

6. Capsule-wings equal. Borneo. [Fig. 9.31 ...................... B. subnummularifolia 

6. Capsule-\$rings unequal. Kew Guinea. [Fig. 9.41. ..................... B. bartlettiana 

4. Basal blade-lobes free. 

5. Inflorescence about equaling to much shorter than the leaves. 

2. Rhizome stout with short internodes. 

7. Blades evenly and subdensely vestite beneath; inflorescence 4-6 times dichotomous. Brazil: 

Bahia. 

8. Basal leaf-lobes overlapping. [Fig. 9.51 ................................. B. subacida 

8. Basal leaf-lobes free [Fig. 7.101 .................................... B. petasitifolia 

7. Blades glabrous beneath or vestite chiefly on the nerves. 
NUMBER 60 27 

9. Margin regularly and coarsely crenate. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 7.161 . . , . , , B. rotundifolia 

9. Margins sparsely denticulate to undulate or entire. 

10. Petioles to 30 cni long, glabrescent Philippines. [Fig. 9.61. ................... B. alba 

10. Petioles 4-9 cm long, crisply ferruginous-pilose. Malaya [Fig. 7.1 11 ........... B. nurii 

1. Blades with a distinct apex, the niidnerve longer than the laterals. 

1 1. Blades symmetric or subsymmetric. 

12. Inflorescence with a central axis or none (at least in the pistillate, B. wenzelii), not dichotomous 

at base, irrespective of the pedicels. 

13. Capsule-tvings very unequal. 

14. Blades ovate. 

15. Blades subentire, truncate or retuse at base. Ecuador. [Fig. 9.71 ........... B. secunda 

15. Blades duplicate-dentate, cordate. Nepal. .......................... B.flagellaris 

14. Blades narrowly rhonibic. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 9.81 .............. B. buseyi 

16. Capsule-wings oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Malaya ..................... ?B. yappii 

16. Capsule-Fvings rounded. 

17. Capsule-wings very narrow. West Africa: Sao Tome .................. ?B. thomeana 

17. Capsule-Lvings broadly crescentiform. Philippines. [Fig. S1 01 ............. B. wenrelii 

13. Capsule-wings subequal. 

12. Inflorescence dichotonious at base. 

18. Base of blade deeply cordate. 

19. Petioles and nerves of blades beneath red-pilose. 

20. Staminate tepals 2; blades 80 cm wide. Madagascar. [Fig. 9.91 ........... B. francoisii 

20. Staminate tepals 4; blades 6 cm wide. Siam. [Fig. 8.71. .................... ?B. putii 

2 1. Petioles completely glabrous. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.101 .............. B. asperzfolia 

2 1. Petioles with a ring of trichomes at apex. Indonesia: near Sumatra, ....... B. sublobata 

19. Petioles nearly or completely glabrous. 

18. Base of blade shallowly cordate to truncate or broadly rounded. 

22. Margin doubly or irregularly dentate or serrate. 

23. Blades acuminate; inflorescence once dichotomous. Malaya. [Fig. 8.161 ...... B. forbesii 

23. Blades triangular-acute; inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. New Guinea. [Fig. 

9.111 ....................................................... B.kaniensis 

24. Base of blade truncate; blade 22-26 cm wide. Malaya. [Fig. 8.151 ......... B. rheifolia 

24. Base of blade shallowly cordate to broadly rounded. 

25. Peduncle bearing lanceolate trichomes; blades acuminate. Malaya [Fig. 8.131 . B. klossii 

25. Peduncle glabrous or with filamentous trichomes. Brazil. 

26. Branches and petioles fulvous-lanuginose. Bahia. [Fig. 9.121. ........ B. epibaterium 

26. Branches and petioles glabrous. Rio de Janeiro. 

27. Blades very broadly ovate, almost as broad as long. [Fig. 9.131 ..... B. solananthera 

27. Blades much longer than broad. 

22. Margin regularly cut to undulate or entire. 

28. Petioles and penducles shorter than the blades. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro [Fig. 9.141 

28. Petioles and peduncles more than twice as long as the blades. 

........................................................ B.radicans 

29. Blades ovate, acuminate, cordate at base, about twice as long as wide. Central 

America: Guatemala. [Fig. S 1 11 ........................... B. trichosepala 

29. Blades lanceolate, narrowly triangular above, rounded at base, three times as long 

as wide. Mexico [Fig. S121. ................................... B. reptans 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1 1. Blades strongly asymmetric. 

30. Inflorescence with a central axis or none, irrespective of the pedicels. 

3 1 .Margins closely duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

32. Staminate tepals 2; tepals yellow; ovary wingless. West Africa: Fernando Po. [Fig. 5.171 

32. Staminate tepals 4; petioles vestite. 

....................................................... *B.prismatocarpa 

33. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles. Hong Kong. [Fig. 9.151 .... *B. bowringiana 

33. Peduncles equaling to exceeding the petioles 

34. Basal sinus free. China: Szechwan. [Fig. 9.161 ................... B. houttuynioides 

34. Basal sinus covered by overlapping lobes. Indonesia: Borneo, Java, Sumatra. [Fig. 

2.371 ......................................................... B.mollis 

35. Blade strongly cordate at base; fruit wingless. West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 9.171 

35. Blade cuneate to retuse at base. 

36. Inflorescence narrowly paniculate. 

3 1. Margins remotely serrate and undulate to entire. 

........................................................... B.ndongensis 

37. Blade rounded to retuse at base. Siam. [Fig. 9.181 ..................... B. vagans 

37. Blade cuneate at base. Central America: Panama [Fig. 9.81. ............... B. buseyi 

38. Fruit wingless, fusiform: indument stellate. West Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 9.191 

........................................................ B.wilczekiana 

38. Fruit broadly alate. Philippines. 

39. Blades rounded at base, -8 cm long. [Fig. 9.201 .................... B. gracilipes 

39. Blades retuse at base, - 15 cm long. [Fig. 9.2 13 .................... B. megacarpa 

36. Inflorescence short, few-flowered. 

30. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. 

40. Margin duplicate-serrate or irregularly cut. 

4 1. Petioles 8-1 8 cm long, shorter than the peduncles. 

42. Outer staminate tepals crisp-pilose. (B. crispula Yu, non Brade.) China: Yunnan 

B.cirrosa 

42. Outer staminate tepals glabrous. (B. monticola Ridley, non C.DC.) Malaya [Fig. 8.141 

............................................................. 

............................................................. ‘B.alpina 

41, Petioles 5-9.5 cm long, longer than the peduncles. 

43. Blades subequally cordate; peduncle glandular-pilose. Siam. [Fig. 8.71 ........ ?B. putii 

43. Blades obliquely cordate; peduncle pilose. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.221 ....... B. anceps 

40. Margin regularly cut to entire. 

44. Blades broadly rounded at base, acuminate. Malaya. [Fig. 8.131 .............. B. klossii 

44. Blades obliquely to laterally cordate. 

45. Blades rounded-subacute, deeply cordate. Philippines. [Fig. 9.231 ....... B. tn’chochila 

45. Blades acuniinate, shallowly cordate. 

46. Blades subdimidiate. Indonesia: Sumatra ......................... B. trichopoda 

46. Blades free at base. Guatemala. [Fig. 9.241 ........................... B. conjusa 

Subkey 10 

1. Internodes short and stout, much shorter than the petioles. 

2. Blades (mature) entire or subentire or slightly undulate. Brazil. 

3. Ovary 4-5-celled; wings sharply triangular. Bahia. [Fig. 10.11 ........ *B. schlumbergerana 
NUMBER 60 29 

3. Ovary 3-celled. 

4. Staminate tepals 2; internodes covered by stipules. Minas Gerais. [Fig. 10.21 ...... B. grisea 

4. Staminate tepals 4. 

5. Petioles glabrous. Rio de Janeiro [Fig. 10.31 ............................. B. acetosa 

6. Blades symmetric. Bahia. [Fig. 7.101 .............................. B. petasitifolia 

6. Blades asymmetric. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 10.41 ........................... B. acida 

7. Staminate tepals 5 or 6. Argentina. [Fig. 10.51 ............................ B. sleumeri 

............................................................ B.tricuspidata 

5. Petioles strongly vestite. 

2. Blades distinctly cut. 

7. Staminate tepals 4. 

8. Blades shallowly cordate: capsule-wings triangular, spreading. Burma. [Fig. 7.221 

8. Blades deeply cordate. 

9. Basal lobes of blades overlapping. Sumatra ........................... B. orbiculata 

9. Basal lobes of blades free. 

10. Petioles stout, pilose, over 5 cm long. Peru. [Fig. 7.171. .................. B. veitchii 

10. Petioles slender, subglabrous, to 2 cm long. Siam. [Fig. 7.131 ......... B. saxifragifolia 

1. Internodes long and slender. 

1 1. Blades strongly asymmetric; petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

12. Margins minutely denticulate; ovary glandular-pubescent. India. [Fig. 10.61 ..... B. alicida 

12. Margins coarsely dentate; ovary glabrous. (B. renqormis Vell., non Dryand.) Brazil: Rio de 

Janeiro. [Fig. 3.241 ................................................ B. fabulosa 

1 1. Blades symmetric or nearly so. 

13. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. 

14. Staminate tepals 2. Burma. 

15. Ovary 3-celled, wingless [Fig. 10.71 ................................. B. delicatula 

15. Ovary 2-celled .............................................. B.flaccidissima 

16. Blades entire or subentire. 

14. Staminate tepals 4. 

1 7. Capsule-wings unlike, the larger triangular, the two smaller rounded marginiform; ovary 

3-celled. Burma. [Fig. 10.81 ........................................ B. fibrosa 

17. Capsule-wings all sharply angled; ovary 2-celled. India, Andaman Island, Burma ....... ......................................................... ?B.andamensis 

18. Cauline leaves petiolate. Burma, Singapore ........................ B. parouliflora 

18. Cauline leaves sessile. India. [Fig. S13] .............................. B. parishii 

13. Inflorescence not dichotomous at base; axis central or none. 

16. Blades coarsely cut. 

19. Flowers numerous; inflorescences well developed. 

20. Inflorescences amply paniculate; tepals free. Mexico. [Fig. 10.91 ......... B. uruapensis 

20. Inflorescences racemose; pistillate tepals connate. New Guinea. [Fig. 10.101 ........... ........................................................ Symbegoniahirta 

19. Flowers single or few; axis small or none. 

21. Bracts small, entire, glabrous, often deciduous. 

22. Styles and ovary cells 2. Malaya. [Fig. 10.1 11 ..................... B. sibthorpioides 

22. Styles and ovary cells 3. 

23. Stem less than 2 cm long; staminate tepals to 4.5 mm long. Siam. [Fig. 7.131 ......... 

....................................................... B. saxifragifolia 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

23. Stem elongate, often branched; staminate tepals to 15 mm long. Mexico. [Fig. 10.121 

B.uniflora 

24. Blades coarsely dentate as well as sublobate. Peru. [Fig. 10.131. ........ B. geraniifolia 

24. Blades entire or subentire except for the broad, obtuse projections. 

25. Plant wholly purple; blades obliquely reniform; outer pistillate tepals 4 mm long, purple. 

West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 10.141 ................................ B. brachyclada 

25.Plant green; blades suborbicular; outer pistillate tepals 2 mm long. Brazil: Go&. [Fig. 

10.151 ..................................................... B. leptophylla 

........................................................... 

2 1. Bracts large, persistent, variously cut or densely ciliate. 

Subkey 11 

1. Inflorescence with a central axis or none, not dichotomous at base. 

3. Peduncle short or none. West Africa: Congo. [Fig. 11.11 .................. *B. horticola 

3. Peduncle elongate. Nepal .......................................... B. leptoptera 

4. Petioles vestite. 

2. Inflorescence unisexual, the pistillate 3-flowered. 

2. Inflorescence bisexual. 

5. Bracts and stipules fimbriate, persistent; inflorescences in part axillary; tepals 3-8 mm long; 

base fibrous. North and South America. [Fig. 11.21 ....................... *B.fischeri 

5. Bracts and stipules crenate to entire or deciduous. 

6. Base fibrous; blades duplicate-crenulate. Cuba. [Fig. 1 1.31 ................ B. libanensis 

6. Base a tuber or stout rhizome. 

7. Tepals 3-4 mm long. Burma. [Fig. 11.41 .......................... B. martabanica 

7. Tepals 14-40 mm long. 

8. Staminate tepals subequal, 40 mm long. Bolivia. [Fig. 11.51 ............ B. baurnannii 

........................................................ B.phrixophylla 

9. Capsule-wings equal, narrowly triangular. Burma. [Fig. 1 1.71 .............. ?B. triradiata 

9. Capsule-wings unequal. 

8. Staminate tepals very unequal, the outer ones 27 mm long. India. [Fig. 11 -61 ......... 

4. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

1 0. Blades broader than long, sublobate; inflorescence racemose. 

11. Blades to 5 cm wide, coarsely dentate. India. [Fig. 11.81. ............... B. canarana 

1 1. Blades to 12 cm wide, obscurely dentate. Siam [Fig. 1 1.93 ............ B. cardiophora 

12. Margin entire; largest capsule-wing subtriangular, obtuse, about as wide as high. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.21 ........................................... B. antongilensis 

12. Margin dentate; largest capsule-wing narrowly triangular, much wider than high. India: 

Nepal. [Fig. 2.231 ............................................... B. rubella 

10. Blades longer than broad. 

1. Inflorescence dichotomous or trichotomous at base. 

14. Petioles strongly vestite. 

15. Petioles glandular pubescent. Siam. [Fig. 8.71 ............................. !B. putii 

15. Petioles not glandular. 

16. Bracts fimbriate; inflorescence few-flowered. North and South America. [Fig. 1 1.21 

13. Margins densely and irregularly cut. 

............................................................. * B.Fscheri 
NUMBER 60 31 

16. Bracts entire. 

17. Blades subsessile; inflorescence few-flowered. Indonesia: Sumatra ........... B. pilosa 

............................................................ B.fagifolia 

19. Capsule-wings narrowly triangular, spreading. Burma. [Fig. 1 1.71 ......... B. triradiata 

17. Blades petiolate; inflorescence to 5 times dichotomous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 1 1.101 

14. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

18. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

19. Capsule-wings obtuse. 

20. Upper wing-margin deflexed. Burma. [Fig. 11.111 ................... B. surculigera 

20. Upper wing-margin nearly horizontal. India. [Fig. 1 1.121 ............. B. trichocarpa 

18. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

2 1. Ovary 2-celled. 

22. Blades ovate, obtuse. India. [Fig. 11.81 ............................. B. canarana 

22. Blades triangular-ovate. (B. macgregorii W.W. Smith, non Merrill.) Burma . . B. burmensis 

23. Smaller capsule-wings acute above; largest narrowly triangular ascending, much wider 

than high. Burma, Singapore .................................. B. parvulijlora 

23. Smallest capsule-wing rounded, narrowly marginiform; largest capsule-wing subtriangular; 

third intermediate. Madagascar. [Fig. 1 1.131 ..................... B. betsimisaraka 

2 1. Ovary 3-celled. 

13. Margins regularly cut to entire. 

25. Fruit wingless. West Africa. 

24. Petioles strongly vestite. 

26. Staminate tepals 2. SaTome. Tom;. [Fig. 11.141. .......................... *B. baccata 

26. Staminate tepals 4. Congo. [Fig. 11.11. ............................. *B. horticola 

27. Capsule-wings equal, narrowly triangular, spreading. Burma. [Fig. 7.221 . . B. tricuspidata 

27. Capsule-wings unequal. 

28. Inflorescence twice dichotomous; stipules and blades entire. Madagascar ... B. tsimihety 

28. Inflorescence once dichotomous. 

29. Smaller capsule-wings triangular, their upper margins nearly horizontal. India. [Fig. 

11.151 ...................................................... B.satrapis 

29. Smaller capsule-wings semiorbicular. Cuba. [Fig. 1 1.31 ................ B. libanensis 

25. Fruit alate. 

24. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

30. Inflorescence at least partly axillary. 

3 1. Inflorescences unisexual, the staminate many-flowered; indument of lacerate scales. West 

Africa: Congo. [Fig. 11.11 ....................................... *B. horticola 

3 1. Inflorescences bisexual; indument of hairs or lacking. 

32. Stem to 10 cm long. Southeast Asia. 

33. Blade deltoid, to 9 cm long. Siam. [Fig. 11.161 ....................... B. demissa 

33. Blade deeply cordate; ovary 2-celled. Burma, Malaya. [Fig. 11.171 ....... B. prolifera 

32. Stern elongate (probably only its branches erect); blades shallowly cordate to broadly 

34. Blades very broadly ovate, nearly as wide as long, pubescent on the nerves beneath. [Fig. 

9.131 ................................................... B. solananthera 

34. Blades much longer than broad. [Fig. 9.141 ......................... B. radicans 

rounded at base. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 

30. Inflorescences terminal only. 
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

35. Ovary 2-celled; base tuberous. Asia. 

36. Blades shallowly lobate. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 11.181 ................. B. psilophylla 

36. Blades unlobed. India. [Fig. 8.181 ................................... B. crenata 

37. Blades subentire, 27-34 cm long. Malaya. [Fig. 8.151 ................... B. rheifolia 

37. Blades serrate or dentate, 2-10 cm long. 

35. Ovary 3-celled. 

38. Blades acute or obtuse; inflorescence 4-8-flowered. India. [Fig. 8.191 .... B. ovatifolia 

38. Blades acuminate; inflorescence once trichotomous, - 1 2-flowered. Madagascar. [Fig. 

11.191 ...................................................... B.erminea 

Subkey 12 

1. Inflorescence with a central axis or none, not dichotomous at base. 

3. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles. 

2. Petioles strongly vestite. 

4. Blades obtuse to broadly rounded; base of plant multituberous. Siam. ......... *B. notata 

4. Blades acute or acuminate. 

5. Margins crenate; bracts and bracteoles persistant, ample; peduncle short or none. Colombia, 

Ecuador. [Fig. 12.11 .............................................. B. tiliifolia 

5. Margins duplicate-serrate; bracts and bracteoles inconspicuous; peduncle evident. China: 

Hainan, Kwantung, Fokien. [Fig. 9.151 ............................ *B. bowringiana 

3. Peduncles about equaling the petioles to much longer. 

6. Staminate tepals 2; blades shallowly cordate to cuneate. 

7. Blades remotely serrate; tepals white; fruit alate. New Guinea. [Fig. 12.21 .............. 

7, Blades duplicate-serrate; tepals yellow; fruit wingless, 4-angled. West Africa: Fernando Po. 

[Fig. 5.171 ................................................ *B. prismatocarpa 

...................................................... B. pentaphragmifolia 

6. Staminate tepals 4. 

8. Tepals acute, bright red. 

9. Capsule-wings triangular, serrate; outer staminate tepals serrate. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 8.391 

............................................................. B.herrerae 

9. Capsule-wings rounded, entire; outer staminate tepals entire. Ecuador. [Fig. 8.381 ...... 

............................................................ *B.froebelii 

8. Tepals rounded, white. 

10. Petioles and peduncles much exceeding the internodes; blades dark-spotted. India. [Fig. 

12.31 ......................................................... *B.picta 

10. Petioles and peduncles much shorter than the internodes; blades concolorous. North and 

South America. [Fig. 1 1.21 ....................................... *B.fischeri 

2. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

1 1. Inflorescences terminal only. 

12. Blades strongly cordate. 

13. Blades with narrowly triangular apical half or more. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 12.41 

13. Blades ovate with broadly acute to acuminate apex. 

.......................................................... B.yunnanensis 

14. Largest capsule-wing about as high as wide; blades wider than long, broadly acute. India. 

[Fig. 1 1.81 ................................................... B. canarana 
NUMBER 60 33 

14. Largest capsule-wing much wider than high. 

15. Stem very short. India. [Fig. 12.51 

15. Stem elongate. Nepal. [Fig. 2.231 .................................. B. rubella 

.............................. B. brevicaulis 

12. Blades very shallowly if at all cordate. 

16. Blades as wide or wider than long, sublobate; inflorescence elongate, racemose. Sam. [Fig. 

11.91 ...................................................... B. cardiophora 

16. Blades distinctly longer than wide. 

17. Blades narrowly triangular-ovate. 

17. Blades ovate-acuminate. West Africa. S~O Tome. [Fig. 12.61 ....... B. macambrarensis 

18. Plant terrestrial, tuberous, low. Nepal. [Fig. 12.71 .................. B. minicarpa 

18. Plant epiphytic, the branches erect. (B. elegans Elmer, non H.B.K.) Philippines. [Fig. 

4.531 ..................................................... B. sarmentosa 

1 1. Inflorescences partly or all lateral. 

19. Inflorescences leaf-opposed. 

20. Blade dimidiate with one side adnate to the petiole; staminate tepals 2. Indonesia: Sumatra. 

[Fig. 8.101 ................................................... ?B. horsfeldii 

20. Blade not dimidiate; staminate tepals 4. Africa: Congo. [Fig. 12.81. ... B. meyeri-johannis 

2 1. Bracts deciduous. 

19. Inflorescences axillary. 

22. Blades strongly cordate. 

23. Bracts ample; fruit equally 3-horned. (B. crassicaulis Warburg, non Lindley.) Indonesia: 

Java! [Fig. 1.11 .......................................... ?B. pachyrhachis 

23. Bracts minute; fruit unequally 3-winged. India: Nepal. [Fig. 2.231 ......... B. rubella 

24. Stem shorter than the petioles. China: Hainan. [Fig. 12.91 ................ B. howii 

24. Stem longer than the petioles. Peru. [Fig. 12.101 .................. B. brevicordata 

25. Petioles 7 mm long; fruit wingless. New Guinea. [Fig. 12.1 11 ........... B. axillipara 

25. Petioles 5-8 cm long. 

26. Blades crenate, broadly rounded-ovate. East Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 12.121 ........ ......................................................... B.wakefeldii 

26. Blades coarsely and irregularly serrate, triangular-ovate to oblong. India. [Fig. 5.61 

22. Blades rounded or retuse at base. 

2 1. Bracts persistent; staminate tepals 4. 

......................................................... B.gemmipara 

1. Inflorescence dichotomous or trichotomous at base. 

28. Blades irregularly or doubly dentate or serrate. 

27. Petioles strongly vestite. 

29. Stem shorter than the longest petioles. 

30. Blades acuminate; internode single. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.101 ......... !B. asperifolia 

30. Blades obtuse or broadly rounded; internodes several. Siam ................ B. notata 

3 1. Blades broadly acute; trichomes stellate. India to Malaya. [Fig. 3.401 ......... B. sinuata 

3 1. Blades acuminate. 

32. Bracts fimbriate, ovate (var. klugii). Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 11.21 ............. B.fscheri 

32. Bracts entire, linear, attenuate. 

33. Peduncle very short; staminate tepals 2. Sumatra .................. ?B. fasciculata 

33. Peduncle 25 mm or longer. China: Yunnan. 

29. Stem longer than the petioles. 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

34. Stipules obovate-oblong, 5-6 mm long, deciduous; capsule 3-celled. [Fig. 9.221 ...... ........................................................... B.anceps 

34. Stipules narrow, acute, -25 mm long; capsule 2-celled. [Fig. 12.131. ... B. cathayana 

35. Blades dimidiate, attached to the petiole on one side. Indonesia: Sumatra . . , B. trichopoda 

35. Blades not dimidiate. 

36. Inflorescence many-flowered, several times dichotomous; peduncles exceeding the petioles. 

38. Blades obliquely cordate, acute; stipules oblong, glabrous. Venezuela. [Fig. 12.141 

....................................................... * B.scabridoidea 

38. Blades broadly rounded at base, acuminate; stipules ovate, setose. Philippines. [Fig. 

12.151 ................................................... B. angilogensis 

39. Petiole-trichomes stellate. India to Malaya. [Fig. 3.401 .................. B. sinuata 

39. Petiole-trichomes ligulate, lacerate. ?Philippines .................... B. oxyspemza 

28. Blades regularly cut to subentire. 

37. Petiole-trichomes filiform, simple. 

37. Petiole-trichomes flat or stellate. 

36. Inflorescence few-flowered, mostly once dichotomous. 

40. Stem much shorter than the petioles; blades strongly cordate. 

41. Peduncle -15 cm long, about equaling the petiole. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.101 

41. Peduncle 3.5 cm long, about half the petiole. Siam. [Fig. 8.71 ............. ?B. putii 

42. Blades rounded or emarginate at base; petioles pilose. Cuba. 

......................................................... B.asperifolia 

40. Stem about equaling to much exceeding the petioles. 

43. Petioles 3-8 mm long. [Fig. 12.161 ............................... B. cubensis 

43. Petioles 20-35 mm long. [Fig. 1 1.31 ............................ ?B. libanensis 

42. Blades distinctly cordate at base. 

44. Staminate tepals 2; blades suborbicular, apiculate. Mexico. [Fig. 12.171 ............ 

45. Ovary 2-celled; stem ascending to repent, slender. Malaya. [Fig. 12.181 ... B. guttata 

...................................................... B. alice-clarkiae 

44. Staminate tepals 4; blades ovate, obtuse or subacute. 

45. Ovary 3-celled; stem erect, stout. 

46. Leaves apical. Philippines. [Fig. 12.191 ........................... *B. wadei 

46. Leaves distributed along the stem. Cuba. [Fig. 30.331. ............ B. wrightiana 

47. Blades dimidiate with one side adnate to the petiole; staminate tepals 2. Indonesia: Sumatra. 

[Fig. 8.101 ..................................................... ?B. horsfieldii 

47. Blades not dimidiate. 

27. Petioles sparsely pubescent to glabrous. 

48. Blades strongly cordate. 

49. Inflorescence terminal only. 

50. Blades duplicate-dentate, acuminate. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.101 ....... ?B. asperifolia 

50. Blades crenate, broadly acute. India. [Fig. 8.181 ........................ B. crenata 

49. Inflorescence at least partly axillary. 

5 1. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles. 

52. Ovary equally 3-horned. (B. crassicaulis Warburg, non Lindley.) Java? [Fig. 1.11 

...................................................... ?B. pachyrhachis 

52. Ovary unequally 3-winged. Mexico. [Fig. 12.201 .................. B. rhodochlamys 

5 1. Peduncles exceeding the petioles. 
NUMBER 60 35 

53. Stem branched. Eastern China. [Fig. 12.211 ........................ *B. grandis 

54. Petioles exceeding the stem. China: Yunnan ............................ B. yui 

54. Petioles much shorter than the stem. India. [Fig. 2.231, ............... ?B. rubella 

53. Stem simple. 

48. Blades shallowly cordate to broadly rounded at base. 

55. Staminate tepals 2. 

56. Pistillate inflorescence sessile at the base of the staminate peduncle; stipules fimbriate, 

56. Pistillate inflorescence long-pedunculate; stipules entire, deciduous. Peru. [Fig. 12.101 

......................................................... B.brevicordata 

persistent. Borneo. [Fig. 12.221 ................................... B. inostegia 

55. Staminate tepals 4. 

57. Blades doubly dentate or serrate at least toward apex. 

58. Internodes very short and stout; blades entire toward base. China: Hainan. [Fig. 12.91 

............................................................. B.howii 

58. Internodes long and slender. 

59. Stem of a single internode, about equaling the basal petiole. Burma, Singapore 

59. Stem of several internodes, much exceeding the largest petiole. Paraguay. [Fig. 12.231 

....................................................... B.paruuli~ora 

..................................................... B. obovatistipula 

12.241 .................................................... ?B. carnosula 

pines. [Fig. 12.191 ............................................. *B. wadei 

elsewhere naturalized. [Fig. 12.251 ............................ *B. cucullata 

...................................................... B.integerrima 

57. Blades uniformly cut to subentire. 

60. Ovary 2-celled; stem suberect or ascending; filaments fused in a column. Malaya [Fig. 

60. Ovary 3-celled. 

6 1. Leaves clustered at the apex of a straight, stout stem; inflorescences terminal. Philip6 1. Leaves distributed along a slender stem; inflorescences at least partly axillary. 

62. Blades broadly rounded or subacute; stipules large, elliptic, persistent. South America, 

62. Blades acuminate; stipules quickly deciduous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 12.261 

Subkey 13 

1. Staminate tepals 2. 

2. Blades asymmetric. 

3. Base of blade broadly cuneate. West Africa: Guinea. [Fig. 13.13 .......... B. peperomioides 

3. Base of blade obliquely cordate. Mexico. [Fig. 13.21 ..................... B. plantaginea 

2. Blades symmetric; pistillate inflorescence sessile, one-flowered; staminate flowers fascicled at the 

4. Base of blade rounded. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 13.31 ...................... B. depauperata 

4. Base of blade cuneate. 

apex of the peduncle. Brazil. 

5. Blades ciliate. 

6. Blades distinct; petiole rather narrow. Rio de Janeiro. 

7. Blades entire, spotted. [Fig. 13.41 ................................. B. velloriana 

7. Blades serrulate. [Fig. 13.51 ...................................... B. attenuata 

6. Blades passing gradually into the winged petiole. 
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

8. Blades glabrous. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 13.61 .......................... B. herbacea 

8. Blades densely pubescent. Sso Paulo. [Fig. 13.71 .................... B. fulvo-setulosa 

9. Bracts and tepals entire. [Fig. 13.81 ................................. B. lanceolata 

9. Bracts and pistillate tepals lacerate-serrulate. [Fig. 13.91 ................. B. angraensis 

5. Blades not ciliate, completely glabrous; entire or microscopically serrulate. Rio de Janeiro. 

1. Staminate tepals 4. 

10. Blades asymmetric or somewhat cordate. 

1 1. Petioles 0- 12 mm long; blades doubly serrate. Burma. [Fig. 13.101 ............. B. nivea 

1 1. Petioles 3- 13 cm long. 

12. Fruit wingless. West Africa: Liberia. [Fig. 13.1 I] ....................... B. fusicarpa 

12. Fruit alate. Malaya. [Fig. 13.121 ................................... B. perakensis 

13. Blade decurrent. Malaya. [Fig. 13.131 ................................. B. rhoephila 

13. Blade broadly cuneate, not decurrent. 

10. Blades symmetric, cuneate at base. 

14. Margin densely duplicate-dentate or serrate, ciliate; capsule-wings very unequal. 

15. Inflorescence unbranched, the few flowers fascicled at the apex of the peduncle; base a 

tuber; blades glabrous. Madagascar. [Fig. 13.141 ......................... B. nana 

15. Inflorescence at least once dichotomous; base a rhizome; blades hispid. Malaya. [Fig. 13.151 

.......................................................... B. scortechinii 

16. Margin repand-denticulate; inflorescence one-flowered or racemose; ovary 3-celled. Madagascar. [Fig. 13.161 ............................................. B. warpurii 

16. Margin subentire. 

17. Fruit wingless, 3-celled. West Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 13.171. ............ !B. squamulosa 

17. Fruit alate, 2-celled. Malaya. 

18. Blades elliptic, 14- 17 cm long, 6-8 cm wide. .................... B. aequilateralis 

18. Blades oblong-elliptic, 14-2 1 cm long, 4-6 cm wide. [Fig. 13.181. ......... B. collina 

14. Margin repand-denticulate to subentire. 

Subkey 14 

1. Blades symmetric. 

2. Inflorescence racemose or one-flowered. 

3. Staminate tepals 4; inflorescence racemose; blades serrate. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. (B. scandens 

Vell., non Sw.) [Fig. 14.11 ......................................... B. cerasiphylla 

3. Staminate tepals 2. 

4. Inflorescences racemose. New Guinea. [Fig. 14.21 ................... !B. albobracteata 

4. Inflorescences one-flowered; fruit wingless, globose. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon 

[Fig. S4 I] .................................................. B. bonus-henricus 

2. Infloresence dichotomous or umbelliform at base; staminate tepals 4. 

5. Ovary and capsule broad, alate. America, Asia, Indonesia. 

6. Blades cuneate at base. 

7. Petioles 6-8 mm long. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul; Argentina. [Fig. 14.31 

7. Petioles 5-1 7 cm long. Malaya. 

............................................................. B.fruticosa 

8. Blades hispid on both sides. [Fig. 13.151 ........................... B. scortechinii 

8. Blades glabrous above ........................................ B. aequilateralis 

6. Blades rounded or cordate at base. 
NUMBER 60 37 

9. Petioles densely vestite. Brazil. 

10. Blades elliptic, about twice as long as wide. Bahia. [Fig. 9.121 .......... B. epibaterium 

10. Blades linear-oblong, -4 times as long as wide. State! [Fig. 14.41 .......... *B. parilis 

12. Branches simple, short. Philippines. [Fig. 14.51 .................... ?B. lancilimba 

12. Branches elongate cincinii. Malaya. [Fig. 13.121 .................... B. perakensis 

9. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

1 1. Margins densely dentate; petioles 4-1 5 cm long; inflorescence once dichotomous. 

1 1. Margins entire or laxly undulate-dentate. 

13. Petioles 15-20 cm long; blade entire; ovary 2-celled. Malaya. [Fig. 14.61 . B. tampinica 

13. Petioles to 8 cm long; blades entire to undulate-dentate; ovary 3-celled. America. 

14. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous; largest capsule-wing about as wide as high; stipules 

deciduous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina. [Fig. 9.141 ......... B. radicans 

14. Inflorescence 4-5 times dichotomous; largest capsule wing much wider than high; 

stipules persistent. Mexico and West Indies to Guiana and Bolivia. [Fig. 14.71 ....... 

B.glabra ........................................................... 

5. Ovary and fruit fusiform to globose wingless. Africa. 

15. Petioles strongly vestite; infloresence umbelliform. 

16. Blades linear, narrowly cuneate; staminate tepals 2. Gabon. [Fig. 14.81 ... B. vittariifolia 

16. Blades oblong-elliptic, broad-based; staminate tepals 4. 

17. Petioles pubescent. Liberia. [Fig. 13.1 11 ............................ B. fusicarpa 

17. Petioles stellate-lepidote. 

18. Blades cordate; inflorescence 3-flowered. Congo, Uganda. [Fig. 14.91 .... B. tatoniana 

1 8. Blades broadly rounded to broadly cuneate; inflorescence many-flowered. Guinea to 

15. Petioles sparsely vestite to glabrous. 

Congo. [Fig. 13.171 ......................................... B. squamulosa 

19. Blades broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, less than 3 times as long as wide. 

20. Petioles less than 1 cm long; inflorescences unisexual. Gabon. [Fig. 14.101 ............ ......................................................... B.lethomasiae 

20. Petioles 1-8 cm long. 

2 1. Inflorescences unisexual. Liberia, Cameroon, Congo. [Fig. 14.1 11 . . B. gracilipetiolata 

2 1. Inflorescences bisexual. Cameroon. [Fig. 14.121 ............... B. rubro-marginata 

19. Blades narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, more than 3 times as long as wide. 

22. Petioles maximally 10-15 mm long. 

23. Plant completely glabrous. Gabon. [Fig. 14.131. .................. B. nicolai-hallei 

23. Plant partly lepidote. Congo. [Fig. 14.141 ....................... B. rubroneruata 

24. Petioles slender 6-1 2 cm long; blades papyraceous, 6-1 3 cm long, 2-3 cm wide; staminate 

inflorescences 2-4-flowered; stamens -36. Gabon, Congo. [Fig. 14.151 ............. 

24. Petioles stout, 2-6.5 cm long; blade subcoriaceous, 9-22 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide; 

staminate inflorescences 5-%flowered; stamens -50. 

Fernando Po, Cameroon, Congo. [Fig. 14.161 ..................... B. gladiifolia 

Cameroon. [Fig. 14.171 ......................................... B. crassipes 

22. Petioles maximally 60-120 mm long. 

....................................................... B. elaeagnifolia 

1. Blades asymmetric. 

25. Blades more or less inequilateral throughout, not more so at base. 

26. Margins entire or undulate. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

27. Blades broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, slightly more than twice as long as wide at most. 

28. Ovary wingless. Africa. 

29. Blades broadly rounded and apiculate, strongly inequilateral with one side nearly twice as 

wide as the other. Tropical East Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 14.181 .... B. zimmermannii 

29. Blades narrowly triangular at apex, only slightly inequilateral. Tropical West Africa. 

30. Plant monoecious; stamens lax, unilateral. Tropical East and West Africa. [Fig. 14.191 

............................................................ B.eminii 

30. Plant dioecious; stamens dense, forming a perfect cone. Guinea to Congo. [Fig. 14-20] 

............................................................ B.mannii 

3 1. Blades cordate; plant glabrous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 14.2 11 ....... B. declinata 

3 1. Blades rounded or cuneate at base. 

32. Inflorescence amply dichotomous, lax; blades obovate, broadest above the middle. Brazil: 

Bahia. [Fig. 14.221 ........................................... B. smilacina 

32. Inflorescence densely few-flowered. 

33. Internodes slender, longer than the deciduous stipules; petioles to 1.5 cm long. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 14.231 .................................... B. aberrans 

33. Internodes stout, shorter than the persistent stipules; petioles 8-16 cm long. Tropical 

West Africa: Guinea. [Fig. 13.11 ............................ B. peperomioides 

34. Petioles densely and persistently hispid, 5-10 mm long; ovary alate. Borneo. [Fig. 14.241 

34. Petioles sparsely stellate-lepidote to glabrous. Tropical West Africa. 

28. Ovary alate. 

27. Blades narrowly oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, more than 3 times as long as wide. 

........................................................... B.lunatistyla 

........................................................... B.fusicarpa 

35. Petioles 30-60 mm long; blades rounded at base, 40-65 mm wide. Liberia. [Fig. 13.1 11 

35. Petioles 2-15 mm long; blades 4-25 mm wide. 

36. Plant completely glabrous. Gabon. [Fig. 14.131. .................. B. nicolai-hallei 

36. Plant partly stellate-lepidote. 

37. Inflorescences all bisexual with 2 lateral pistillate flowers and one staminate central. 

38. Petiole 5- 15 mm long; blade 3-6 times as long as wide. [Fig. 14.141 B. rubroneroata 

Congo. 

38. Petiole 15-35 mm long; blade less than 3 times as long as wide. [Fig. S141. ........ .................................................... B.adolfi-friderici 

Congo. [Fig. 14.251 ....................................... B. polygonoides 

37. Inflorescences staminate with many flowers and bisexual with one of each. Guinea to 

26. Margins distinctly serrate or dentate. 

39. Petioles densely and persistently vestite, 1-14 mm long. 

40. Peduncles 25-50 mm long, exceeding the leaves; blades 18 mm wide; staminate tepals 4; 

ovary turbinate. Venezuela. [Fig. 14.261 .............................. B. montana 

40. Peduncles very short or lacking; blades 16-40 mm wide. 

41. Blades broadly acute and apiculate; stipules persistent. Borneo. [Fig. 14.271 B. pubescens 

4 1. Blades attenuate to caudate-asuminate. 

42. Margin finely undulate-dentate; apex attenuate. Borneo. [Fig. 14.241 ... B. lunatistyla 

42. Margin coarsely double-serrate; apex caudate-acuminate. Philippines. [Fig. 14.281. .... 

........................................................ B.urdanetensis 

39. Petioles sparsely vestite to glabrous. 
NUMBER 60 39 

43. Petioles 40-150 mm long, Philippines. 

44. Internodes -5 mm long, stout. [Fig. 14.51 ........................ ?B. lancilimba 

44. Internodes 20-30 mm long, slender [Fig. 14.281 ................... B. urdanetensis 

43. Petioles 3-30 mm long. 

45. Blades -20-nerved; margins closely and regularly serrate. Peru. [Fig. 14.291 . B. pilosella 

45. Blades few-nerved; margins laxly and irregularly dentate. 

46. Internodes short and stout. 

47. Petioles lacking; blades sessile; stipules persistent. Borneo. [Fig. 14.301 ... B. hullettii 

47. Petioles 25 mm long; stipules deciduous, unknown. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. 

[Fig. 14.3 11 .............................................. ?B. squamulosa 

46. Internodes long and slender, longer than the petioles; blades pale beneath. 

48. Inflorescences dichotomous; blades 4-8 cm long. 

49. Stipules persistent; staminate tepals 4. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul; 

Argentina. [Fig. 14.31 ........................................ B.fruticosa 

49. Stipules deciduous; staminate tepals 2. Philippines. 

50. Petioles 5- 16 mm long; peduncles 10-20 mm long. [Fig. 14.321 ............... 

50. Petioles 20-40 mm long; peduncles 25 mm or longer [Fig. 14.331 . B. binuangensis 

51. Blades 3-4 times as long as broad; capsule-wings truncate above, angled. [Fig. 14.341 

5 1. Blades about twice as long as wide; capsule-wings marginiform. 

................................................. B.malindangensis 

48. Inflorescences unbranched. Philippines. 

....................................................... B.lagunensis 

52. Blades subelliptic, laxly dentate. [Fig. 14.351. ..................... B. aequata 

52. Blades obovate, duplicate-serrate. [Fig. 14.361 .................. B. parvilimba 

25. Blades much more asymmetric at base than above. 

53. Petiole-apex covered by the basal lobe of the blade. 

54. Margins entire. 

55. Petioles densely ferruginous-pilose; staminate tepals 2. Mexico. [Fig. 13.21 B. plantaginea 

55. Petioles glabrous; staminate tepals 4. Philippines. [Fig. 14.371 ........... B. gitingensis 

56. Petioles sparsely pubescent to glabrous. 

54. Margins variously cut. 

57. Margins undulate with short broad teeth; petioles 11-14 cm long. 

58. Peduncles to 1 cm long; blades slightly inequilateral. West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 14.381 

.......................................................... B.zenkerana 

58. Peduncles 4-10 cm long; blades strongly inequilateral. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. S15] 

............................................................ B.inversa 

57. Margins very coarsely dentate with strongly projecting teeth; petioles 1-3 cm long. 

Phillipines. 

59. Blades dentate mostly above the middle; inflorescence paniculate; staminate tepals 4. 

[Fig. 14.391 ............................................... B. subprostrata 

59. Blades strongly dentate throughout; inflorescence few-flowered; staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 

6.21 ...................................................... B. quercifolia 

56. Petioles densely and persistently vestite. 

6 1. Blade-base broad with a prominent lobe. 

60. Blade-apex narrowly triangular; blade lanceolate or elliptic. 

62. Capsule turbinate, 3-horned. Colombia. [Fig. 14.401 ............... B. colombiana 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

62. Capsule fusiform, 6-costate. West Africa: Angola. [Fig. S16] ......... B. gosmeileri 

61. Blade-base cuneate with a short basal lobe. Borneo. [Fig. 14.241 ....... B. lunatistyla 

63. Blades elliptic-oblong, broadly rounded at apex, 5 cm long; internodes short, largely 

covered by the persistent stipules. Cultivated. Argentina. [Fig. 14.411 ..... *B. listada 

63. Blades obovate, apiculate or acuminate. Indonesia. 

64. Blades nearly 3 times as long as wide; basal lobe -3 cm wide. Philippines. [Fig. 14.421 

....................................................... B.macgregorii 

64. Blades about twice as long as wide; basal lobe to 1 cm wide. 

65. Staminate tepals 4; bracts broadly oblong, conspicuous. Java. [Fig. 14.431 . B. lepida 

63. Staminate tepals 2; bracts inconspicuous. Borneo. 

66. Bracts lance-oblong, entire, 3 mm long. [Fig. 14.44 3 .............. B. longiseta 

66. Bracts reduced to pectinate bristles, 5 mm long. [Fig. 14.451 ........ B. articulata 

60. Blade-apex broad; blade obovate or elliptic-oblong. 

53. Petiole-apex not covered. 

67. Blades dimidiate with the base adnate to the petiole on one side. 

68. Blades narrowly oblong or lanceolate, more than 3 times to more than 4 times as long as 

wide. 

69. Margins coarsely sinuate-dentate or serrate. Indonesia. 

70. Blades 8-13 cm long, caudate-acuminate. New Guinea. [Fig. 14.461 ..... B. Kerstingii 

70. Blades 2-5 cm long, obtuse. Philippines. [Fig. 6.191 ..................... B. loheri 

69. Margins denticulate or entire. Brazil. [Fig. 14.41 ....................... *B. parilis 

7 1. Apex of blade broadly subacute and apiculate; inflorescence 4-5 times dichotomous, 

7 1. Apex of blade acuminate; staminate tepals 2; inflorescences mostly unisexual. 

68. Blades elliptic or obovate, 2-3 times as long as wide. 

bisexual. Colombia. [Fig. 14.471 ................................... B. holtonis 

72. Blades obscurely dentate; stipules deciduous, 10-1 5 mm long, lanceolate, acute. 

73. Stem internodes long and slender; petioles 3-4 mm long; fruit slenderly cylindric, 

wingless. West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 14.481 .................. B. jussiaeicarpa 

73. Stem internodes short and thick; petioles 10-16 cm long; capsule unequally trialate. 

Malaya. [Fig. S17] ........................................... B. herveyana 

74. Pistillate tepals 5, free. Borneo. [Fig. 14.491 ...................... B. pleioclada 

74. Pistillate tepals connate, campanulate. New Guinea. [Fig. 14.501 . Symbegonia beccarii 

75. Blades narrowly lanceolate, 4 to more than 5 times as long as wide; inflorescence dichotomous at base; staminate tepals 4. West Africa. 

Cameroon (1 905). [Fig. 14.5 13 .................................... B. capillipes 

72. Blades prominently dentate; stipules persistent, 5-9 mm long. Indonesia. 

67. Blades not dimidiate. 

Gabon (1921). [Fig. 14.521 ........................................ B. cultrata 

77. Blades elliptic, broadly acute and apiculate. Indonesia, Celebes. [Fig. 14.531 ......... 

75. Blades elliptic or ovate-elliptic or obovate, broader. 

76. Blades strongly inequilateral; staminate tepals 2. 

........................................................ B.hispidissima 

77. Blades ovate-elliptic with a long, narrowly triangular apex. West Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 

14.541 ................................................... B. aggeloptera 

76. Blades slightly inequilateral. 

78. Blades cordate at base. 
NUMBER 60 41 

79. Apex of blade narrowly triangular. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 14.211 . . B. declinata 

79. Apex of blade broadly subacute, apiculate. West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 9.171 ...... 

........................................................ B.ndongensis 

Cameroon (1 905). [Fig. 14.121 ............................ B. rubro-marginata 

Gabon (1 969). [Fig. 14.101 ................................... B. lethomasiae 

78. Blades broadly rounded at base; staminate tepals 4. West Africa. 

Subkey 15 

1. Inflorescence unisexual; fruit wingless, fusiform; blades entire or subentire. West Africa. 

2. Staminate peduncle 2-3 mm long; ovary densely stellate-lepidote. Cameroon. [Fig. 14-12] .... 

.......................................................... B.rubro-marginata 

2. Staminate peduncle 20-30 mm long; ovary glabrous. Gabon. [Fig. 14.131 . . , . B. nicolai-hallei 

3. Inflorescences with a central axis or none, not basally dichotomous. 

1. Inflorescence bisexual. 

4. Blades cuneate at base. 

5. Petioles maximally 4 mm long. 

6. Blades linear, (-2 mm wide, 15 cm long. Madagascar (Malagasy Republic). [Fig. 15.11 .... 

6. Blades rhombic or lance-attenuate, 5-25 mm wide. 

............................................................... B.bogneri 

[Fig. 15.21 ................................................... B. itatinensis 

7. Ovary alate; blades serrate only near apex; tepals free. Brazil: Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina. 

7. Ovary horned; blades serrate throughout; tepals connate. Colombia. [Fig. 15.31 ........ 

............................................................ B.irmscheri 

5. Petioles maximally 10-20 mm long. 

8. Staminate tepals 2; blades 6-8 times as long as wide, laxly and coarsely dentate. Indonesia: 

Sarawak ..................................................... B. elatostemma 

8. Staminate tepals 4; blades 4-6 times as long as wide; plant tuberous. Madagascar. 

9. Pistillate tepals 5; capsule-wings subequal; blades laxly serrulate ........... B. antaisaka 

9. Pistillate tepals 6; capsule-wings very unequal; blades entire (var. cuneata). [Fig. 7.21 ..... 

......................................................... B.antongilensis 

4. Blades rounded at base; staminate tepals 4. 

10. Petioles maximally 3 mm long; inflorescence racemose; pistillate tepals 4. (B. scandens Vell., 

non Sw.) Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 14.11 .......................... B. cerasiphylla 

10. Petioles maximally 10-25 mm long; stem of a single internode. Burma. 

11. Leaf single; blade sublobate; stem very short, tuberous at base. [Fig. 13.101. .... B. nivea 

1 1. Leaves numerous, at the top of a long stem; blade irregularly dentate. [Fig. 15.41 ....... 

........................................................... B.adenopoda 

3. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. 

12. Blades cuneate at base. 

1 3. Blades 6- 10 times as long as wide. 

14. Stipules villous; blades tomentose beneath. Brazil: Sao Paulo. 

14. Stipules, blades, and whole plant glabrous. 

15. Outer staminate tepals 1.5 mm long. Indonesia: Sarawak . . 

15. Outer staminate tepals 6-8 mm long. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro 

13. Blades not more than -4 times as long as wide. 

Fig. 15.51 . . B. stenophylla 

.......... B. xiphophylla 

[Fig. 15.61 ... B. sa1ici;folia 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

16. Petioles to 17 cm long; placentas divided. Malaya. [Fig. 13.181. ............. B. collina 

16. Petioles not more than 1 cm long; placentas simple. Brazil. 

17. Blades glabrous, 4-6.5 cm long. Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul; Argentina. [Fig. 

14.31 ........................................................ B.fruticosa 

17. Blades tomentose beneath; 1 1 - 13 cm long. State? [Fig. 14.41 .............. B. parilis 

12. Blades rounded at base. 

18. Petioles vestite. Brazil. 

19. Staminate tepals 2; pistillate tepals 5; internodes very short and thick; blades rounded and 

apiculate, 8-1 1 cm long, wholly stellate-tomentose beneath. Bahia. [Fig. 15.71. ......... ......................................................... B.ruhlandiana 

20. Stipules persistent, large; pistillate tepals 5. Bahia. [Fig. 9.121. ......... B. epibaterium 

20. Stipules quickly deciduous; pistillate tepals 6. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 15.81 . . B. polyandra 

19. Staminate tepals 4; internodes long and slender. 

18. Petioles glabrous. 

2 1. Capsule-wings subequal. Brazil. 

22. Blades entire, about twice as long as wide. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 9.141 ...... B. radicans 

22. Blades serrate, 2.5-3 times as long as wide; stipules persistent. 

23. Blades closely and coarsely serrate. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 15.91 ............. B. erecta 

23. Blades laxly repand-serrate-dentate. Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, Argentina. 

[Fig. 14.31 ................................................... B. fruticosa 

24. Internode single with a whorl of leaves at its apex; blades attenuate. Burma. [Fig. 15.41 

24. Internodes several; blades broadly subacute or rounded. Native of Brazil but worldwide 

2 1. Capsule-wings very unequal. 

.......................................................... B.adenopoda 

in tropics and subtropics. [Fig. 12.251 ............................. *B. cucullata 

Subkey 16 

1. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. 

2. Petioles persistently vestite. 

3. Blades elliptic, about twice as long as wide; staminate tepals 2. 

4. Petioles 5 mm long. New Guinea. [Fig. 16.11 ......................... ?B. djamuensis 

4. Petioles 10-15 mm long. Colombia. [Fig. 16.21 ....................... B. dugandiana 

5. Staminate tepals 2; pistillate tepals 4, very unequal; inflorescence twice dichotomous, very lax. 

Colombia. [Fig. 1 6.31 ............................................. B. xylopoda 

5. Staminate tepals 4; pistillate tepals 5 or 6; inflorescence 3-8 times dichotomous. Brazil. 

6. Blades strongly inequilateral, oblanceolate; lateral nerves 7-8. S5o Paulo. [Fig. 16.41 ..... 

6. Blades weakly inequilateral, lance-oblong; lateral nerves 10-20. 

3. Blades 3-4 times as long as wide, or if rarely less than the staminate tepals 4. 

............................................................ B.spinibarbis 

........................................................... B.polyandt-a 

7. Pistillate tepals 6; peduncle about as long as the inflorescence. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 15.81 

7. Pistillate tepals 5. Rio de Janeiro. 

8. Peduncles much shorter than the inflorescence. [Fig. 16.51 ............ B. dentatiloba 

8. Peduncles about twice as long as the inflorescence. [Fig. 16.61 .......... ?B. oxyphylla 

2. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 
NUMBER 60 43 

9. Petioles 5-17 cm long. 

10. Blades about twice as long as wide; petioles 5-10 cm long. India. [Fig. 16.71 . , . B. hatacoa 

10. Blades more than 3 times as long as wide; petioles to 17 cm long. Malaya. [Fig. 13.183 .... ............................................................... B.collina 

9. Petioles less than 4 cm long. 

1 1. Base of blade cuneate. 

12. Blades obovate, less than twice as long as wide. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 14.221 ... B. smilacina 

14. Blades 5-8 cm wide; pistillate tepals 5. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 16.81 ....... B. maynensis 

14. Blades less than 3 cm wide; pistillate tepals 6. Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 15.81 ...... 

......................................................... B.polyandra 

15. Fruits alate. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 16.91 ............................ B. inculta 

to Congo. [Fig. 14.251. .................................... B. polygonoides 

14.131 ................................................. B. nicolai-hallei 

12. Blades 2-6 times as long as wide. 

13. Margin duplicate-serrate or denticulate; blades 2-3 times as long as wide. 

13. Margin subentire or laxly and obscurely denticulate. 

1 5. Fruits wingless, fusiform, indehiscent. Tropical West Africa. 

16. Inflorescence bisexual; stem slightly flexuous; blade 5-6 times as long as wide. Guinea 

16. Inflorescence unisexual; stem geniculate; blade 3-4 times as long as wide. Gabon. [Fig. 

1 1. Base of blade rounded. 

17. Staminate tepals 2. 

18. Blades more than 3 times as long as wide, coarsely serrate or duplicate-serrate. Philippines. 

19. Blades brown-setose on the nerves beneath. [Fig. 16.101 ............ B. cumingiana 

19. Blades glabrous. [Fig. 14.321 ............................... B. malindangensis 

18. Blades 2-3 times as long as wide, serration inconspicuous. South America. 

20. Blades 3.5-8 cm wide. Colombia. 

2 1. Inflorescence very lax; 2-3 times dichotomous; staminate tepals narrowly ovate, 16 mm 

............................................. B. extensa 

2 1. Inflorescence dense, 4-6 times dichotomous; staminate tepals orbicular, 4 mm long. 

long. [Fig. 16.111 

[Fig. 16.121 ................................................. B. alnifolia 

20. Blades 3-4 cm wide; inflorescence 4-6 times dichotomous. Peru. 

22. Upper bracts obovate, 3 mm long; style bifid, the arms simple. [Fig. 16.131 ......... ...................................................... B.rubiginosipes 

22. Upper bracts oblong or linear-oblong, 2 mm long; style bifid, the arms branched. [Fig. 

14.291 ..................................................... B. pilosella 

17. Staminate tepals 4. 

23. Blades broadly acute or rounded and apiculate; inflorescence mostly once dichotomous. 

24. Blades entire; petioles 1-3.5 cm long; ovary wingless, 4-celled. Tropical Africa. [Fig. 

24. Blades crenate-serrate; ovary alate, 3-celled. 

16.141 ................................................... B. loranthoides 

25. Blades rounded; stipules persistent; outer staminate tepals scarcely darker than the 

inner. Native of southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, widely naturalized 

in the tropics and subtropics of the world. [Fig. 12.251 .............. *B. cucullata 

25. Blades broadly acute; stipules deciduous, outer staminate tepals much darker than the 

inner. Argentina. [Fig. 16.151 ................................. B. descoleana 

23. Blades acuminate; inflorescence 1-4 times dichotomous. 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

26. Stipules quickly deciduous; petioles 1-2 cm long; inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous. 

27. Blades twice as long as wide; pistillate tepals 3. Colombia. [Fig. 16.161 . B. cymbalifera 

27. Blades 4 times as long as wide; pistillate tepals 5. Brazil: Minas Gerais. [Fig. 16.171 

......................................................... B.heringen' 

26. Stipules persistent, broad. 

28. Petioles 2-3 mm long; bracts large, persistent; tepals acute, 20-28 mm long, the 

pistillate 3. Colombia. [Fig. 16.181 ......................... B. cuatrecasasiana 

28. Petioles 5-20 mm long. 

29. Stems geniculate, 5-1 0 cm long; stipules lanceolate-filiform. Tropical West Africa: 

Gabon. [Fig. 14.131 ...................................... B. nicolai-hallei 

29. Stem flexuous, to 80 cm long; stipules broader. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 

30. Inflorescence once or twice dichotomous, few-flowered; stipules attenuate. [Fig. 

16.191 .................................................. B. bidentata 

30. Inflorescence 4-5 times dichotomous, many-flowered; stipules acute. [Fig. 16.201 

...................................................... B. bonitoensis 

1. Inflorescence with a central axis or none. 

3 1. Petioles persistently vestite. 

32. Petioles 25-75 mm long. 

33. Staminate tepals 2; stipules oblong; ovary unequally trialate. Indonesia: Sarawak. [Fig. 16.2 11 

33. Staminate tepals 4. 

.............................................................. B.congesta 

34. Ovary trialate, 3-celled; stipules oblong, acute. Ecuador. [Fig. 16.221 ....... B. harlingii 

34. Ovary wingless, 4-celled; stipules very narrowly triangular. Tropical West Africa: Fernando 

Po. [Fig. 14.201 ................................................. *B. mannii 

32. Petioles 2-20 nim long. 

35. Blades 3-5 times as long as wide. 

36. Fruit subequally alate; blades coarsely double-dentate. Philippines. [Fig. 16.101 ......... 

.......................................................... B.cumingiana 

36. Fruit wingless, linear, 5 cm long; blades sinuate-dentate. Tropical West Africa: Fernando 

Po. [Fig. 16.231 ............................................... B. furfuracea 

35. Blades less than 3 times as long as wide. 

37. Inflorescences unisexual, the pistillate one-flowered or fasciculate. 

38. Staminate inflorescences capituliform, few-flowered; petioles 4-20 mm long. Tropical 

West Africa: Cameroon, Congo. [Fig. 16.241 ..................... B. rhopalocarpa 

38. Staminate inflorescences racemose; petioles 2 mm long. Philippines. [Fig. 16.251. ...... ............................................................ B.brevipes 

37. Inflorescences uniform. 

39. Flowers solitary or fascicled. 

40. Blades broadly acute or rounded, apiculate. 

41. Fruit equally 3-winged, 3-celled. Philippines. [Fig. 16.261 ........ B. elatostematoides 

41. Fruit wingless, 6-celled. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 16.241 ............ 

...................................................... B.rhopalocarpa 

........................................................ B.parvilimba 

40. Blades acuminate. 

42. Margin coarsely double-dentate; blades rhombic, -4 cm long. Philippines. [Fig. 14.361 

42. Margin crenate-undulate or subentire. 
NUMBER 60 45 

43. Staminate tepals 2; blades lanceolate. Sumatra. [Fig. 16.271 ............ B.Jexula 

43. Staminate tepals 4; blades elliptic. Tropical West Africa: Sao Tome. [Fig. 16.281 

.......................................................... B.molleri 

39. Flowers on a distinct central axis, racemose or paniculate. Indonesia. 

44. Blades broadly acute, apiculate, subentire; stipules suborbicular or broadly obovate, 

44. Blades acuminate; stipules narrower, acute or acuminate. 

broadly rounded. Sumatra. [Fig. 14.231 ............................ B. aberrans 

...................................................... B.palawanensis 

45. Blades coarsely double-dentate toward apex, subrhombic. Philippines. [Fig. 16.291 

45. Blades obscurely duplicate-dentate-serrate toward apex. New Guinea. [Fig. 16.301 

........................................................ B.calliantha 

3 1. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

46. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate with a distinct central axis; margin irregular. 

47. Staminate tepals 4. 

48. Petioles maximally 4-6 mm long; capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

49. Plant herbaceous, tuberous; bracts minute. Madagascar. [Fig. 16.311 ........ B. tanala 

49. 

........................................................... B.edmundoi 

50. Blades elliptic, broadly rounded and apiculate; ovary wingless, &celled. Tropical West 

Africa: Cameroon, Congo. [Fig. 16.241 .......................... B. rhopalocarpa 

50. Blades acuminate or triangular-acute. 

5 1. Ovary wingless. Tropical West Africa: Sao Tome. [Fig. 12.61 ...... B. macambrarensis 

5 1. Ovary unequally trialate. India: Nepal. [Fig. 12.71 .................. B. minicarpa 

52. Margin denticulate. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 16.331 ............ B. rossmanniae 

52. Margin at least in part coarsely dentate. Philippines. 

53. Base of blade broadly rounded; capsule-wings subequal. [Fig. 16.101 .... B. cumingiana 

53. Base of blade essentially cuneate. 

54. Capsule-wings unequal; blades 5-8 cm long, 2 to more than 3 times as long as wide. [Fig. 

16.341 ....................................................... B. littleri 

54. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

55. Blades less than 3 times as long as wide; capsules -15 mm long. [Fig. 16.291 ........ ...................................................... B.palawanensis 

55. Blades 3-5 times as long as wide. 

56. Capsules nearly 20 mm long ................................ B. longistipula 

56. Capsules nearly 8 mm long. [Fig. 6.171 .......................... B. lancifolia 

Plant suffruticose; bracts ovate, to 16 mm long. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 16.321. .... 

48. Petioles maximally 18-50 mm long. 

47. Staminate tepals 2. 

46. Inflorescence one-flowered or with a fascicle of flowers but with no axis. 

57. Margins entire. Tropical West Africa. 

58. Stem slender. 

59. Blades broadly rounded. Cameroon. [Fig. 16.351 ..................... B. sunjeensis 

59. Blades acuminate. Sao Tome. [Fig. 16.281 ............................ B. molleri 

58. Stem stout; blades broadly subacute, apiculate; plants dioecious. 

Upper Guinea, Princes Island, Nigeria (1871). [Fig. 16.361 ............ B. lorunthoides 

Cameroon (1 904). [Fig. 14.121 .............................. B. rubro-marginata 

57. Margins irregular. 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

60. Blades rounded at base. 

6 1. Stems geniculate, simple; blades laxly denticulate toward apex. Tropical West Africa: 

Gabon. [Fig. 14.131 ......................................... B. nicolai-hallei 

6 1. Stems straight. 

62. Blades sharply and densely serrate almost throughout; stem simple. Venezuela. 

[Fig. 16.371 ................................................ B. Kunthiana 

62. Blades undulate-dentate on the upper half, entire below; stem branched. Philippines. 

[Fig. 16.381 ................................................... B. edanoi 

63. Blades twice as long as wide, subrhombic, 4 cm long. Philippines. [Fig. 14.361 ......... .......................................................... B.paruilimba 

63. Blades 3-6 times as long as wide, much more than 4 cm long. 

64. Margin coarsely serrate. Madagascar. [Fig. 16.3 11 ..................... B. tanala 

64. Margin undulate. 

65. Blades glabrous, 3-4 times as long as wide. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 16.321 ...... ......................................................... B.edmundoi 

65. Blades stellate-pubescent when young, 5-6 times as long as wide. Tropical West Africa: 

Guinea to Congo. [Fig. 14.251. .............................. B. polygonoides 

60. Blades cuneate at base. 

Subkey 17 

1. Petioles densely and persistently vestite. 

2. Blades broadly subacute or rounded and apiculate at apex. 

3. Staminate tepals 4; ovary turbinate, equally 3-horned. 

4. Inflorescence dense, few-flowered. Colombia. [Fig. 17.11 ................. B. chlorolepis 

4. Inflorescence lax, 3 times dichotomous. Peru. Fig. [ 17.21 .................. B. raimondii 

5. Stipules firm, conspicuous. Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana. [Fig. 17.31. ........ B. ulmifolia 

5. Stipules thin, inconspicuous. 

6. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. Peru. [Fig. 17.41 ................ B. gesnerioides 

6. Inflorescence 4 times dichotomous. Brazil: Espirito Santo. [Fig. 17.51 .......... B. jairii 

3. Staminate tepals 2; ovary ellipsoid, unequally 3-alate; inflorescence lax. 

2. Blades narrowly acute or acuminate. 

7. Longer basal lobe rounded and projecting below its contact with the petiole. 

8. Longer basal lobe diverging from the petiole, not auricled. 

10. Blades -4 times as long as wide; placentas simple. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro? [Fig. 16.61 

10. Blades about twice as long as wide; placentas divided. Bolivia. [Fig. 17.61. ... B. varistyla 

9. Staminate and pistillate tepals connate into cup-shaped perianths; inflorescence once dichotomous with numerous, distichous bracts on the branches. Colombia. [Fig. 17.71 . ?B. oliveri 

9. Staminate tepals free; inflorescence many times dichotomous. 

.......................................................... ?B.oxyphylla 

8. Longer basal lobe auricled, projecting laterally over the top or all of the petiole. 

1 1. Staminate tepals 2. Indonesia. 

1 2. Tepals connate; blades very coarsely duplicate-serrate; basal lobe covering the whole 

petiole. New Guinea. [Fig. 17.81 .......................... Symbegonia aqakensis 

12. Tepals free. Borneo. 
NUMBER 60 47 

13. staminate pedicels jointed with the lower part persistent. [Fig. 14.451 .... B. articulata 

13. Staminate pedicels jointed at base only, falling with the flowers. 

14. Blades oblanceolate, about 4 times as long as wide; leaves sometimes opposite. Borneo. 

[Fig. 1 7.91 ............................................... B. sympodialis 

14. Blades oblong-obovate, about twice as long as wide; leaves always alternate. Phillipines. 

[Fig. S18] .................................................. B. ciliifera 

1 1. Staminate tepals 4. 

15. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves. West Indies: Puerto Rico. [Fig. 17.101 B. decandra 

15. Peduncle about equaling to much shorter than the leaves. 

16. Blades densely serrate; basal lobe to 5 mm long. Colombia. [Fig. 17.1 13. ... B. barrigae 

16. Blades remotely denticulate; basal lobe minute. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 16.41 ........ 

......................................................... B.spinibarbis 

7. Larger basal lobe square-cornered or acute, not projecting below its contact with the petiole. 

1 8. Tepals free. [Fig. 17.121 .................................... B. diversistipulata 

18. Tepals connate into a cup-shaped perianth. [Fig. 17.71 .................... ?B. oliveri 

19. Blades 4 times as long as wide; placentas simple. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro? [Fig. 16.61 ...... 

19. Blades 2-2.5 times as long as wide. 

1 7. Inflorescence once dichtomous. Colombia. 

17. Inflorescence 3-5 times dichotomous. 

........................................................... ?B.oxyphylla 

20. Margin coarsely double-dentate. Central America: Costa Rica. [Fig. 17.131 ... B. cooperi 

20. Margin undulate and denticulate. New Guinea. [Fig. 17.141 ............ B. diflusiflora 

1. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

2 1. Blades broadly subacute or rounded, sometimes apiculate. 

22. Margin subentire or slightly sinuate; inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous. Brazil. 

23. Stipules persistent; blades straight or nearly so. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 17.153 . B. inconspicua 

23. Stipules deciduous; blades deflexed-falcate. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 17.161. .... B. arborescens 

24. Stipules and bracts deciduous; staminate tepals 2 or 4. Colombia. [Fig. 14.471 . . B. holtonis 

24. Stipules and bracts persistent; staminate tepals 4. 

22. Margin distinctly cut. 

2.3. Placentas simple. 

26. Margins crenate with low, rounded, dense projections; blades to 9 cm long. Brazil: Ceara. 

[Fig. 17.171 ................................................ B. pilderifolia 

26. Margins serrate with sharp, ascending, lax projections; blades to 5 cm long; petioles 2- 

3(8) mm long. 

27. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. Venezuela, Colombia. [Fig. 17.181 B. fuchsioides 

27. Inflorescence never more than once dichotomous. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador. [Fig. 

1 7.191 ....................................................... B. foliosa 

28. Pistillate tepals subequal, all ovate and apiculate. Ceara. [Fig. 17.201 ...... B. heloisana 

28. Pistillate tepals very unequal. 

29. Inflorescence 4 times dichotomous; branches and peduncles stout. Ceara. [Fig. 17.211 

........................................................... B.saxicola 

29. Inflorescence twice dichotomous; branches and peduncles very slender. Pernambuco. 

[Fig. 17.221 .................................................... B. egleri 

25. Placentas bilamellate; staminate tepals subequal. Brazil. 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2 1. Blades narrowly acute or acuminate. 

30. Petioles 10-45 mm long. 

3 1. Margin entire; petioles 25-45 mm long. Tropical Africa. [Fig. 16.141 ..... B. loranthoides 

3 1. Margin variously cut. 

32. Blades broad, much less than twice as long as wide. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 17.231 

32. Blades 2-3 times as long as broad. 

............................................................ B.opuliflora 

33. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

34. Blades subequilateral; stipules deciduous; inflorescence 3 times dichotomous. Minas 

Gerais. [Fig. 16.171 ........................................... B. heringeri 

34. Blades strongly inequilateral; stipules persistent; inflorescence twice dichotomous. Ceara. 

[Fig. 17.241.. ............................................... .B. alemanii 

35. Longer basal lobe large, its auricle completely covering the petiole; stipules ovate, acute, 

to 4 cm long. Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 17.251 ............... B. Konder-reisiana 

35. Longer basal lobe minute. 

36. Stipules persistent; inflorescence twice dichotomous. Central America: Costa Rica, 

Panama. [Fig. 17.261 ...................................... B. seemanniana 

36. Stipules deciduous; inflorescence 4 times dichotomous. Colombia. Venezuela. [Fig. 

16.121 ..................................................... B. alnifolia 

33. Placentas bilamellate. 

30. Petioles 1-lo(-15) mm long. 

37. Staminate tepals 2. 

38. Blades -4 times as long as wide. 

39. Base cuneate. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 16.271. ........................ B.flexula 

39. Base rounded. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 16.51 ................... ?B. dentatiloba 

38. Blades 2-3 times as long as wide. 

40. Margin finely cut to subentire. 

4 1. Inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous; plants wholly glabrous. 

42. Largest capsule-wing subtriangular. Peru [Fig. 16.131 ............ B. rubiginosipes 

42. Largest capsule-wing obliquely ovate or sublinguiform. Colombia. [Fig. 17.271 ...... 

........................................................ ?B.praerupta 

4 1. Inflorescence once or twice dichotomous. 

43. Placentas bilamellate; inflorescence twice dichotomous. Central America. [Fig. 17.261 

...................................................... B.seemanniana 

43. Placentas simple; inflorescence once dichotomous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 17.281 

........................................................ ?B.densifolia 

44. Petioles 6-12 mm long; margin with sharp projections. Peru. [Fig. 17.291 ........... 

....................................................... B.prionophylla 

........................................................ B.cumingiana 

40. Margin coarsely duplicate-dentate or duplicate-serrate. 

44. Petioles 2-4 mm long; margins sublobate and denticulate. Philippines. [Fig. 16.101 

37. Staminate tepals 4. 

45. Inflorescence once or twice dichotomous. 

46. Capsule-wings equal or subequal; placentas simple. Brazil. 

47. Stipules narrowly ovate, attenuate, deciduous. Bahia, Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 16.193 ..... .......................................................... B.bidentata 
NUMBER 60 49 

47. Stipules ovate-oblong or oblong, persistent. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 17.281 . !B. densifolia 

46. Capsule-wings distinctly unequal. 

48. Stipules deciduous; placentas bilamellate. Burma. [Fig. 17.301 ....... B. procridifolia 

49. Blades subentire, 10-15 cm long. Cultivated. Brazil. [Fig. 17.311 ..... *B. forgetiana 

49. Blades laxly serrate, to 4 cm long. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador. [Fig. 17.191 ...... 

48. Stipules persistent. 

B.foliosa ........................................................... 

45. Inflorescence 3-5 times dichotomous. 

50. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

5 1. Blades subentire, less than 3 times as long as wide; inflorescence 3 times dichotomous. 

Espirito Santo. [Fig. 17.151 ................................... B. inconspicua 

51. Blades undulate-dentate, more than 3 times as long as wide; inflorescence 5 times 

dichotomous. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 16.51 ......................... ?B. dentatiloba 

52. Capsule-wings equal or subequal; blade 6 times as long as wide. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 

[Fig. 15.61 .................................................. B. salicifolia 

52. Capsule-wings unequal; petioles to 3 mm long. 

53. Plant erect, shrubby; stipules persistent. Colombia. [Fig. 17.321 ....... B. multiflora 

53. Plant scandent; stipules deciduous. 

54. Blades less than 3 times as long as wide, nerves indistinct; axes of inflorescent stout. 

Colombia. [Fig. 17.271 ..................................... ?B. praerupta 

54. Blades more than 3 times as long as wide, nerves distinct beneath; axes of inflorescence 

very slender. Costa Rica. [Fig. 17.331 ........................... B. lignescens 

50. Placentas bilamellate. 

Subkey 18 

1. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

2. Blades broadly subacute or rounded and often apiculate. 

3. Indument stellate; plant scandent. Tropical Wet Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 18.11 . B. ebolowensis 

3. Indument not stellate; plant erect, often shrubby. 

4. Capsule ellipsoid or subglobose, alate. 

5. Inflorescences l-flowered, axillary; blades maximally 4 cm long. 

6. Branches smooth. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador. [Fig. 17.193 ............. B. foliosa 

6. Branches densely papillose. Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 18.21 ........... B. microphylla 

7. Central axis short; flowers few. Brazil: Paraiba. [Fig. 18.31 ............. B. burle-marxii 

7. Central axis elongate; flowers many, the pistillate basal; staminate tepals 2. Philippines. [Fig. 

18.41 ........................................................ B.leptantha 

8. Capsule-horns sharply ascending; staminate tepals -50 mm long. Venezuela. [Fig. 18.51 ... 

8. Capsule-horns spreading or slightly ascending; staminate tepals 4-30 mm long. 

5. Inflorescences several- to many-flowered. 

4. Capsule turbinate, equally 3-horned. 

.......................................................... B.formosissima 

9. Stem wholly decumbent; pistillate tepals 8-20 mm long. Venezuela. [Fig. 14.261 ........ 

............................................................. B.montana 

9. Stem wholly or mostly erect; pistillate tepals 3-14 mm long. 

10. Blades 1.8-3.4 cm long, mostly less than twice as long as wide; capsule-horns slender, 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

slightly ascending. Colombia. [Fig. 18.61 ............................. B. diflusa 

10. Blades to 8 cm long, mostly much more than twice as long as wide; capsule-horns stout, 

spreading. Costa Rica to Venezuela and Peru. [Fig. 18.71 ................ B. urticae 

2. Blades sharply acute or acuminate. 

11. Staminate tepals 4. 

12. Capsule 3-winged. 

13. Inflorescences paniculate with the pistillate flowers basal. Philippines. [Fig. 18.81. ....... 

13. Inflorescences l-flowered. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador. [Fig. 17.191 ....... B. foliosa 

14. Bracts large, imbricate, persistent. Colombia. [Fig. 18.91 ................ B. Rillipiana 

14. Bracts small, not imbricate. 

15. Capsule-horns sharply ascending; staminate tepals -50 mm long. Venezuela. [Fig. 18.51 

15. Capsule-horns spreading; staminate tepals 3-8 mm long. Costa Rica to Venezuela and 

Peru. [Fig. 18.71 ................................................ B. urticae 

............................................................ B.oligantha 

12. Capsule turbinate, equally 3-horned. America. 

........................................................ B.fomnosissima 

11. Staminate tepals 2; capsules alate (so far as known). 

16. Blades coarsely dentate or double-dentate at least on the upper half. Philippines. 

1 7. Blades subrhonibic, cuneate at base; stipules small, inconspicuous. 

18. Capsule-wings triangular; blades lobate-dentate. Philippines. [Fig. 16.251 , , . . B. brevipes 

......................................................... B.serraticauda 

17. Blades ovate or elliptic, one side of base broadly rounded; stipules large, conspicuous. 

Philippines. [Fig. 16.101 ....................................... B. cumingiana 

19. Petioles 3- 15 mm long. 

18. Capsule-wings subcrescentiform; blades remotely serrate. New Guinea. [Fig. S19] ...... 

16. Blades entire or obscurely serrulate or denticulate. 

20. Capsule-wings equal. Sarawak. [Fig. 18. lo] ....................... B. consanguinea 

20. Capsule-wings unequal. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.1 11. .................. B. glabricaulis 

19. Petioles 20-30 mm long. New Guinea. 

2 1. Longer basal lobe minute. [Fig. 18.121 ........................... B. strictinemis 

2 1. Longer basal lobe large, extending laterally over the petiole. [Fig. 18.131 ............ 

........................................................ B.naumoniensis 

22. Blades broadly subacute or rounded at apex, someetimes apiculate; staminate tepals 2 (unknown 

1. Petioles densely and persistently vestite. 

in B. leptantha). 

23. Blades once to twice as long as wide. 

24. Blades elliptic; petioles 30-70 mm long. Borneo. [Fig. 18.141 ............. B. densiretis 

24. Blades obovate. 

25. 

25. Petioles 3-8 mm long. 

Petiole 10- 15 mm long. New7 Guinea. [Fig. 18.151 ...................... B. gilgiana 

26. Blades cuneate at base. Philippines. [Fig. 18.41 ....................... B. leptantha 

26. Blades rounded at base. New Guinea. .............................. B. monantha 

23. Blades 2.5-4 times as long as wide. Borneo. 

27. Staminate pedicels jointed with the basal section persistent; margin duplicate-denticulate; 

27. Staminate pedicels continuous; margin obtusely and irregularly dentate. 

longer basal lobe extending laterally above the petiole. [Fig. 14.451 ......... B. articulata 
NUMBER 60 51 

28. Blades closely serrate-dentate, the basal lobe not extending over the petiole. Borneo. [Fig. 

14,493 ...................................................... B. pleioclada 

28. Blades undulate-denticulate, the basal lobe extending over the petiole. West Africa: Cameroon. [ Fig. SZO] .............................................. B. gracilicaulis 

22. Blade sharply acute or acuminate. 

29. Petioles maximally 10-80 mm long. 

30. Staminate tepals 2. 

31. Larger basal lobe extended laterally, covering the top of the petiole; petiole 30-80 mm 

long. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.161 .................................. B. hirsuticaulis 

3 1. Larger basal lobe not auriculate, not covering the top of the petiole. Philippines. 

32. Petiole maximally 10 mm long. [Fig. 18.171 ...................... B. sorsogonensis 

32. Petiole 13-30 mm long. [Fig. 18.181. ............................. B. samarensis 

33. Inflorescence paniculate, many-flowered: blades about 4 times as long as wide. Venezuela 

to Peru. [Fig. 18.191 ......................................... B. buddleiqolia 

33. Inflorescence (pistillate) one-flowered or few-flowered raceme. 

34. Blades slightly more than twice as long as wide: outer staminate tepals united into a 4- 

lobed cup. Colombia. [Fig. 18.201 .................................... B. libera 

.......................................................... B.rufosericea 

35. Blades -8 times as long as wide, linear-lanceolate. (Inflorescence unknown.) Borneo. [Fig. 

18.221 ..................................................... ?B. angustilimba 

35. Blades much wider. 

36. staminate tepals 4. 

30. Staminate tepals 4. South America. 

34. Blades about 5 times as long as wide. staminate tepals free. Brazil. [Fig. 18.211 ........ 

29. Petioles maximally not more than 8 mm long. 

37. Inflorescence (staminate) paniculate, many-flowered. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.231 ........ 

..................................................... B. montis-bismarckii 

37. Inflorescence unbranched, one-few-flowered. South America. 

38. Ovary subglobose unequally 3-winged; petioles very short, covered by the persistent 

stipules; blades to 14 mm long. Venezuela. [Fig. 18.241 ................ B. confinis 

38. Ovary turbinate, equally 3-horned. 

39. Staminate tepals united into a 4-lobed cup. Colombia. [Fig. 18.251. ..... B. kalbreyeri 

39. Staminate tepals free. 

40. Pistillate tepals 5, subequal. 

4 1. Staminate tepals retuse: filaments free. Ecuador. [Fig. 18.261 .......... B. valvata 

4 1. staminate tepals broadly rounded; filaments connate in a long column. Colombia. 

[Fig. 1 8.271 ........................................... B. antioquiensis 

42. Outer staminate tepals thick, hemispheric, 6 mm long. Colombia. [Fig. 18.281. .... B.ursina 

42. Outer staminate tepals thin; triangular ovate, 11-16 mm long. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 

18.291 .................................................. B. tetrandra 

43. Pistillate tepals united in a cup, the staminate sometimes also; ovary equally 3-winged. 

New Guinea ................................................. Symbegonia 

40. Pistillate tepals 6, the inner 3 very unlike the outer. 

......................................................... 

36. Staminate tepals 2. 

44. Blades subsessile. 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

45. Stem fulvous pubescent becoming glabrous; blade-base oblique. [Fig. 18.301 ........ 

45. Stem fulvous-villous with hairs 3-5 mm long; blade-base subauriculate. [Fig. 18.311 . . ......................................................... S.sanguinea 

........................................................... S.stn'gosa 

44. Blades distinctly petiolate for 2-5 mm. 

46. Longer basal lobe diverging from the petiole. [Fig. 14.501 ............. S. beccan'i 

46. Longer basal lobe projecting laterally over the top of the petiole, 

47. Blades densely pubescent above. [Fig. 18.321 ................... S. fulvo-villosa 

47. Blades nearly glabrous above. [Fig. 6.151 ........................ S. mooreana 

43. Pistillate and staminate tepals both free. 

48. Longer basal lobe auriculate, projecting laterally over the top of the petiole. 

49. Inflorescences sessile, few-flowered, dense. Tropical West Africa: Fernando Po. [Fig. 

3.81 ........................................................ .?B. gilgii 

49. Inflorescences pedunculate, one-many-flowered, lax. 

50. Blades lanceolate or ovate. 

5 1. Blades 3-4(-5-6) times as long as wide. 

52. Inflorescence racemose, few-flowered. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.331 .............. 

52. Inflorescence paniculate, many-flowered. Borneo. [Fig. S21] ..... B. oblongifolia 

51. Blades about twice as long as wide. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.341. ...... B. rhodanthu 

53. Blades about 4 times as long as wide. Borneo [Fig. 17.91 ......... B. sympodialis 

54. Blades partially setose; lower leaves opposite. Borneo. [Fig. 14.441 ... B. longiseta 

.................................................. B.malmquistiana 

50. Blades obovate-cuneate. 

53. Blades about twice as long as wide. 

54. Blades glabrous; leaves alternate. New Guinea. [Fig. 12.21 . . B. pentaphragmifolia 

55. Blades subsessile, elliptic-oblong, 4-9 mm wide. Tropical West Africa: Gabon. [6.18] ........................................................ B.minutifolia 

55. Blades distinctly petiolate for 2-8 mm, 5-65 mm wide. New Guinea. 

48. Longer basal lobe not auricled nor projecting over the top of the petiole. 

56. Stipules hirsute; blades vestite above. 

57. Blades lance-oblong, 25 mm wide. [Fig. 18.351 ................... B. randiana 

58. Leaves partly opposite. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.361 .............. B. moszkowskii 

Leaves all opposite. Philippines. [Fig. S18] ...................... B. ciliifera 

59. Blades completely glabrous, 50-65 mm wide. [Fig. 16.11 .......... B. djamuensis 

..................................................... B.sufSrutescens 

57. Blades obovate, 30-40 mm wide. 

58. 

56. Stipules glabrous; blades glabrous above. New Guinea. 

59. Blades appressed-hirtellous on the mid-nerve beneath, 5-20 mm wide. [Fig. 18.371 

Subkey 19 

1. Blades rounded or broadly subacute and apiculate at apex. 

2. Petioles 40-100 m long; staminate tepals 4. Siani. ........................... B. notata 

2. Petioles not more than 15 mm long. 

3. Plants scandent or pendent. 

4. Blades concolorous; indument stellate; fruit wingless. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 

19.11 ....................................................... B. sessilantheru 
NUMBER 60 53 

4. Blades longitudinally white-striped above; indument simple, filamentous; fruit subequally 3- 

winged. Brazil. [Fig. 19.21 ........................................... B. thelmae 

5. Blades subsessile, deeply double-dentate. New Guinea. [Fig. 19.31 ........ B. multidentata 

6. Staminate tepals 2. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 19.41 .......................... B. dasycarpa 

7. Capsule-wings very unequal; placentas bilamellate. Cuba. [Fig. 12.161 ....... B. cubensis 

3. Plants erect, more or less suffruticose. 

5. Blades distinctly petiolate. 

6. Staminate tepals 4. 

7. Capsule-wings subequal, narrow; placentas simple. Brazil: State? [Fig. 19.51 . . B. parvifolia 

1. Blades sharply acute or acuminate. 

8. Larger basal lobe with a sinus between it and the petiole, not auricled. 

9. Stipules large, ample, persistent; blades coarsely duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

10. Petioles 10-22 mm long; stem geniculate. Bolivia. 

11. Stipules suborbicular [Fig. 19.61 ..................................... ?B. bangii 

1 1. Stipules distinctly longer than wide; styles twice bifurcate. [Fig. 17.61. ....... B. varistyla 

12. Blades oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 4 times as long as wide. Brazil. [Fig. 19.71 

B.insularis 

12. Blades ovate or subelliptic, about twice as long as wide. Indonesia. 

13. Staminate tepals 4; blades ovate. Sumatra. ......................... ?B. bracteata 

13. Staminate tepals 2; blades subelliptic. Philippines. [Fig. 19.81 .............. B. jagorii 

14. Staminate tepals 2; cymes fascicled. Sumatra. ......................... B. fasciculata 

14. Staminate tepals 4; inflorescence not fasciculate. 

10. Petioles 2-9 Inm long; stem nearly straight. 

............................................................. 

9. Stipules narrow, mostly deciduous. 

15. Blades 2-3 times as long as wide or slightly narrower. 

16. Margins duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

17. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Philippines. [Fig. 19.91 ...... .B. halconensis 

17. Peduncles much exceeding the leaves. Puerto Rico. [Fig. 17.101 ........ B. decandra 

18. Blades to 30 cm long; inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous; placentas simple. Brazil: Rio 

de Janeiro. [Fig. 19.101 ...................................... *B. hookerana 

18. Blades not more than 10 cm long. 

19. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous; blades glabrous. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 19.1 I] 

........................................................ B.peruibensis 

19. Inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous; blades hirsute beneath. Colombia. [Fig. 16.21 ....................................................... B.dugandiana 

15. Blades 4-6 times as long as broad. 

20. Capsule-wings very unequal. India. .............................. ?B. grifithiana 

20. Capsule-wings subequal. Brazil. 

21. Blades remotely denticulate. Rio de Janeiro? [Fig. 16.61 .............. ?B. oxyphylla 

2 1. Blades closely denticulate. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 19.121 ................. B. garuvae 

22. Inflorescence fasciculate; staminate tepals 2. Sumatra. ................... B. fasciculata 

22. Inflorescence dichotomous at base. 

16. Margins regularly serrate or obscurely dentate. 

8. Larger basal lobe produced laterally and covering at least the apex of the petiole, auriculate. 

23. Petioles maximally 20-90 mm long. 

24. Margins merely undulate, otherwise entire; staminate tepals 2, vestite. Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 19.131. ................................................. B. rupium 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

24. Margins distinctly cut. 

25. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves. Puerto Rico. [Fig. 17.101 .......... B. decandra 

25. Peduncle about equaling the leaves to much shorter. 

26. Inflorescence many-flowered, 5 times dichotomous; peduncles 10- 1 1 cm long. Brazil: 

Santa Catarina. [Fig. 19.141 .................................... B. lineolata 

26. Inflorescence few-flowered; peduncles to 2.5 cm long. 

27. Capsule turbinate with truncate apex. Philippines. [Fig. 19.91 ........ B. halconensis 

27. Capsule ovoid, asymmetric, nutant. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.221 .......... B. anceps 

23. Petioles maximally 2-18 mm long. 

28. Blades 4-7 times as long as wide. 

29. Margins duplicate-serrate, at least on upper half of blade. 

30. Basal auricle minute, covering less than half of the petiole; placentas bilarnellate; capsulewings subequal. Philippines. [Fig. 19.151 ............................. B. a,nis 

30. Basal auricle large, covering most or all of the petiole; placentas simple; capsule-wings 

unequal. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 19.161 ............................. B. juliana 

3 1. Capsule-wings subequal, broadly rounded. Brazil: Paran;a Santa Catarina. [Fig. 19.171 

3 1. Capsule-wings very unequal. India. ............................. ?B. griflthiana 

29. Margins regularly dentate or serrate. 

....................................................... B. echinosepala 

28. Blades 1.7-4 times as long as wide. 

32. Basal auricle and lateral sinus small and inconspicuous. 

33. Blades subentire; ovary fusiform, wingless; trichomes stellate. Tropical West Africa: 

Gabon. [Fig. 19.181 ........................................... B. komoensis 

33. Blades coarsely cut. 

34. Margins ascending-serrate or duplicate-serrate; stems strongly hirsute. 

35. Stipules suborbicular, conspicuous. Bolivia. [Fig. 19.61 ................ ?B. bangii 

35. Stipules narrower. 

36. Tepals (outer staminate) connate. Colombia. [Fig. 19.191 .......... B. lehmannii 

36. Tepals all free. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 19.201 .................. B. brevilobata 

3 7. Blade-base cuneate on both sides; peduncle conspicuously bracteate; staminate tepals 

4. Java. [Fig. 14.431 ........................................... B. Zepida 

37. Blade-base broadly and evenly rounded on the abaxial side; staminate tepals 2. 

Philippines. 

34. Margins coarsely duplicate-dentate with spreading teeth. 

38. Blades broadly ovate; petioles 2-4 mm long. [Fig. 19.81 .............. B. jagorii 

38. Blades mostly obovate; petioles 4-10 mm long. [Fig. 19.211 ....... B. apayaoensis 

32. Basal auricle and lateral sinus large and conspicuous. 

39. Stipules conspicuous, persistent. 

40. Blades -3 times as long as wide; filaments united in a long, slender column. New Guina. 

[Fig. 19.221 ......................................... Symbegonia bracteosa 

40. Blades about twice as long as wide. 

41. Staminate tepals 2; stipules suborbicular. Bolivia. [Fig. 19.231 ...... B. chaetocarpa 

4 1. Staminate tepals 4; stipules oblong, acuminate. Cultivated. Indonesia? [Fig. 19.241 . . 

.................................................... *B. rubro-setulosa 

39. Stipules inconspicuous, mostly deciduous. 

42. Capsule-wings unequal. 
NUMBER 60 55 

43. Blades nearly as wide as long. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 9.221. ............. B. anceps 

43. Blades 3-4 times as long as wide. Bolivia. [Fig. 19.251 .............. B. leptostyla 

....................................................... B.fuscocaulis 

42. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

44. Staminate tepals 4; placentas simple. Brazil: Santa Catarina? [Fig. 19.261 .......... 

44. Staminate tepals 2; placentas bilamellate. 

45. Staminate tepals elliptic, 5 mm long; petioles 10 mm long. New Guinea. [Fig. 19.271 

B. torricellensis 

45. Staminate tepals broadly ovate, 25 mm long; petioles 2-4 mm long. Philippines. [Fig. 

19.281 ................................................ B.megalantha 

.................................................... 

Subkey 20 

1. Blades rounded or broadly subacute and apiculate at apex. 

2. Larger basal lobe with a sinus between it and the petiole, not auricled; petiole 12-20 mm long. 

Brazil. 

3. Margin undulate, otherwise entire. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 17.161 ............. B. arborescens 

3. Margin crenate. Ceara. [Fig. 17.171 ................................. B. pilderifolia 

Margin undulate; capsule-wings equal. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 20.11 ...... B. undulata 

Blades less than twice as wide as long, serrate, glabrous. Venezuela. [Fig. 20.21 .......... 

2. Larger basal lobe auricled, produced laterally and covering at least the apex of the petiole. 

4. Petioles maximally 5 mm long. 

5. 

5. Margin cut; capsule-wings very unequal. 

6. 

............................................................ B.meridensis 

6. Blades more than twice as long as wide, coarsely duplicate-dentate, pubescent beneath. New 

Guinea. [Fig. 19.31 ........................................... ?B multidentata 

7. Staminate tepals 2; margin entire. New Guinea ............................ B. eliasii 

7. Staminate tepals 4; margin cut. Brazil. 

8. Basal lobe and lateral sinus small and inconspicuous; plant large, shrubby. Rio de Janeiro. 

[Fig. 20.31 .................................................... B. arborescens 

8. Basal lobe and lateral sinus large and conspicuous; plant low, herbaceous. Mato Grosso. [Fig. 

20.41 ......................................................... B.lindmanii 

4. Petioles maximally 8-50 mm long. 

1. Blades sharply acute or acuminate. 

9. Larger basal lobe with a sinus between it and the petiole, not auricled. 

1 1. Petioles 2-8 mm long; blades 3-6 times as long as wide, narrowly acute. 

10. Staminate tepals 4, the inner pair well developed. 

12. Inflorescence few-flowered; blades entire, 4 or more times longer than wide. Tropical West 

Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 14.521 ........................................ B. cultrata 

1 2. Inflorescence many-flowered, to 7 times dichotomous; blades laxly serrate. Brazil. 

13. Capsule-wings subequal; blades 6 times as long as wide. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 15.61 ..... ........................................................... B.salicifolia 

13. Capsule-wings very unequal; blades -3 times as long as wide. Bahia. [Fig. 20.51. ....... 

........................................................ B.polygonifolia 

1 1. Petioles more than 8 mm long or the blades much broader. 

14. Petioles 3-1 0 mm long; blades -2 times as long as wide; anther-connective much produced. 
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

15. Blade oblong, obliquely cordate at base. Ecuador. [Fig. 20.61 ........... B. consobrina 

15. Blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, retuse at base. Brazil: So Paulo. [Fig. 19.1 13 .......... 

.......................................................... B.peruibensis 

14. Petioles 10-50 mm long. 

16. Peduncles much exceeding the leaves. Puerto Rico. [Fig. 17. lo] ......... B. decandra 

16. Peduncles equaling to much shorter than the leaves. 

17. Margin subentire or regularly dentate. 

18. Blade sinuate, subentire; inflorescence not more than once dichotomous. Borneo.. , , . 

18. Blade distinctly dentate. 

......................................................... ?B.pyerana 

19. Peduncles about equaling the petioles; inflorescence lax, 3 times dichotomous. India. 

[Fig. 20.71 ................................................... B. fallax 

19. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles; inflorescence a dense cluster. Malaya. [Fig. 

20.81 ..................................................... B. tricornis 

17. Margin duplicate-dentate or serrate with unequal projections. 

20. Peduncles exceeding the petioles. 

21. Plant glabrous; margin sinuate with short projections. Peru. [Fig. 20.91 ........... ..................................................... ?B. obtecticaulis 

2 1. Plant pubescent; margin coarsely duplicate-serrate. French Guiana. [Fig. 20.101 .... .......................................................... B.hirsuta 

22. Capsule 3-celled, unequally 3-winged. Philippines. [Fig. 19.91. ...... ?B. halconensis 

22. Capsule 4-celled, equally 4-winged. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 20.1 11 ..... ?B. tetragona 

20. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles. 

10. Staminate tepals 2, or if 4 the inner pair small and often covered by the stamens. 

23. Peduncles exceeding the petioles; inflorescence broad. 

24. Margin duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

25. Blade coarsely duplicate-serrate; plant pubescent. French Guiana. [Fig. 20.101 B. hirsuta 

25. Blade with fine projections; plant glabrous. Peru. 

26. Upper part of stem covered with persistent imbricate stipules. [Fig. 20.91 ........... 

....................................................... ?B. obtecticaulis 

26. Upper part of stem visible. [Fig. 20.121. .......................... B. juninensis 

24. Margin with subequal projections. 

27. Blade-base distinctly cordate; petioles 12-25 mm long. 

28. Inflorescence twice dichotomous; staminate tepals ovate, acute. Colombia. [Fig. 16.1 13 

............................................................ B.extensa 

28. Inflorescence to 7 times dichotomous; staminate tepals suborbicular. British Solomon 

Islands. [Fig. 20.131. ......................................... B. somemillei 

29. Blades sparsely setose. [Fig. 14.291 ................................ B. pilosella 

29. Blades glabrous. 

(1 859). [Fig. 20.141 .......................................... B. peruviana 

(1 949). [Fig. 16.131 ........................................ B. rubiginosipes 

23. Peduncles shorter than the petioles or lacking and the inflorescence appearing to be 2 from 

27. Blade-base evenly rounded or slightly emarginate; petioles 4-12 mm long. Peru. 

the same leaf-axil. 

30. Inflorescences unisexual. 

3 1. Blades coarsely white-maculate. Philippines. [Fig. 20.151 .............. B. leucosticta 
NUMBER 60 57 

3 1. Blades concolorous. 

32. Blade-base broadly rounded or subtruncate, the larger lobe projecting slightly downward. 

32. Blade-base shallowly cordate, the larger lobe projected greatly downward. China: Yun30. Inflorescence bisexual, subsessile with the pistillate flowers basal, narrow pseudodichotoPhilippines. [Fig. 20.161 ....................................... B. esculenta 

nan. [Fig. 20.111 ............................................ ?B. tetragona 

33. Blades 5-6 times as long as wide. [Fig. 20.171 ........................ B. oblongata 

34. Inflorescence with 3 internodes [Fig. 18.171 ..................... B. sorsogonensis 

34. Inflorescence with 6 internodes. [Fig. 20.181 ...................... B. panayensis 

mous; blades coarsely sinuate dentate. Philippines. 

33. Blades somewhat more than 3 times as long as wide. 

9. Larger basal lobe auriculate, projecting laterally over part or all of the petiole. 

35. Staminate tepals 2. 

36. Peduncles much shorter than the 8-10 mm long petioles. New Guinea. [Fig. 20.191 ...... 

........................................................... B.ledemtannii 

36. Peduncle about equaling to much exceeding the petioles. 

37. Margins duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

38. Stipules broad, persistent, covering much of the stem; petioles -6 mm long. Costa Rica. 

38. Stipules narrow or quickly deciduous, exposing the stem completely. 

[Fig. 20.201 ................................................... B. tondurii 

39. Plants with soft fibrous bases; annual or of shorter duration; leaves membranaceous. 

40. Capsule-wings subequal, lunate. Mexico and Guiana to Peru. [Fig. 20.211 .......... 

......................................................... B.semiovata 

40. Capsule-wings very unequal, the largest triangular, wider than high. Central America: 

Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama to Surinam, Colombia, and Venezuela. [Fig. 20.221 . . 

............................................................ B.~lipes 

39. Plants with firm bases, perennial. 

4 1. Blades acuminate from a broadly rounded or sbuacute apex, slightly inequilateral. 

Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 20.231 ............... B. carpinifolia 

4 1. Blades acuminate from a narrowly triangular apex. India and Ceylon. [Fig. 20.241 ... 

........................................................ B.malabam'ca 

42. Larger basal lobe biauriculate, projecting outward as well as across the petiole. Bolivia. 

42. Larger basal lobe not projecting outward. 

37. Margins entire or with small subequal projections. 

[Fig. 20.253 .................................................... B. comata 

43. Stipules persistent, broad. Brazil. 

44. Blades broad, less than twice as long as wide; peduncles 3-4.5 cm long; pistillate 

bracteoles single or wanting. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 20.261 ................... B. nuda 

44. Blades narrow, 2.5-3 times as long as wide; peduncles 5-8 cm long. 

45. Stipules elliptic-oblong, truncate, apiculate; blades subequilateral. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 

20.2 71 ................................................. ?B. odeteiantha 

45. Stipules ovate, triangular-acute; blades strongly inequilateral. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 

17.251 .............................................. B. konder-reisiana 

43. Stipules deciduous, mostly narrow. 

46. Petioles maximally 40-50 mm long. 

47. Blades elliptic, acuminate; pistillate tepals 2. Peru. [Fig. 20.281 ......... B. glauca 
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

47. Blades lance-oblong, acute; pistillate tepals 3. New Guinea .............. B. eliasii 

48. Capsule-wings subequal. 

46. Petioles maximally 3-20 mm long. 

49. Inflorescence (staminate) dense, up to 6 times dichotomous. British Solomon Islands. 

[Fig. 20.291 ............................................... B. weigallii 

49. Inflorescence lax, 3 times dichotomous. Mexico, Central America. [Fig. 20.301 .... .................................................. B.convallariodora 

50. Petioles maximally 3 mm long. Colombia. [Fig. 17.271 ............ ?B. praerupta 

50. Petioles maximally 10- 17 mm long. 

5 1. Blade-base rounded on the abaxial side. Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 

17.261 .............................................. B. seemanniana 

5 1. Blade-base cuneate on both sides. Peru. [Fig. 20.3 11 .......... ?B. longimaculata 

52. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves. Puerto Rico. [Fig. 17.101 ............ B. decandra 

52. Peduncles about equaling the leaves to much shorter. 

48. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

35. Staminate tepals 4. 

53. Petioles maximally less than 10 mm long. 

54. Stipules persistent, large; blades 3-4 times as long as wide. Brazil: Sao Paulo. 

55. Inflorescence lax; stipules elliptic-oblong, truncate, apiculate. [Fig. 20.271 ........... ........................................................ ?B.odeteiantha 

55. Inflorescence subdense; stipules linear-oblong, acute. (B. simulans Irmscher, 1953, non 

Merrill and Perry 1943.) [Fig. 20.321 .............................. B. larorum 

54. Stipules deciduous, mostly small. 

56. Margin duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

57. Basal lobe covering the whole petiole. Philippines. [Fig. 20.331 ...... B. agusanensis 

57. Basal lobe covering only part of the petiole. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 20.341 

........................................................ B.guaduensis 

56. Margin entire to remotely denticulate. 

58. Fruit wingless, slenderly fusiform. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 20.351 .... 

........................................................ B.buchholzii 

58. Fruit alate. 

59. Inflorescence few-flowered. 

60. Plant scandent; blades concolorous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 20.361 .......... ..................................................... B. besleriifolia 

60. Plant erect; blades with large pale spots above. Peru. [Fig. 20.3 11 

................................................... ?B. longimaculata 

.............. 

59. Inflorescence many-flowered. 

61. Abaxial basal lobe covering the whole petiole. Colombia. [Fig. 17.271 ?B. praerupta 

61. Abaxial basal lobe covering only a small part of the petiole. Central America: Costa 

Rica, Panama. [Fig. 20.371 ................................. B. estrellensis 

membranaceous. Bolivia. [Fig. 20.251 ................................ B. comata 

53. Petioles maximally more than 10 (1 3-70) mm long. 

62. Basal lobe biauriculate with the larger auricle projecting outward; stipules imbricate, 

62. Basal lobe not projecting outward. 

63. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. 

64. Margins duplicate-serrate. 

65. Stipules large, persistent; petioles 10-13 mm long; ovary with a single narrow wing. 
NUMBER 60 59 

Borneo. [Fig. 20.381 ....................................... B. microptera 

65. Stipules inconspicuous, quickly deciduous; petioles 6-30 mm long; ovary unequally 3- 

winged. 

66. Blades 2-3 times as long as wide, widest near middle. Philippines. [Fig. 19.91 ..... 

...................................................... B.halconensis 

66. Blades 4-4.5 times as long as wide, widest near base. China: Taiwan. [Fig. 20.391 . . 

...................................................... B.taiwaniana 

67. Larger basal lobe subacute; sinus narrow. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 20.401 ...... 

................................................... B.pseudolubbersii 

68. Bracts obovate, glandular-denticulate; capsule alate. Borneo ........ !B. pryerana 

68. Bracts ovate; capsule wingless, turbinate. Sumatra. [Fig. 20.411 ...... B. turbinata 

70. Petioles 40-55 mm long. Brazil: Pernambuco. [Fig. 20.421 ............ B. pickelii 

71. Capsule turbinate, wingless. Venezuela. [Fig. 20.431. ................. B. trapa 

[Fig. 20.211 ............................................. B. semiovatu 

64. Margin sinuate or denticulate. 

67. Larger basal lobe broadly rounded. Indonesia. 

63. Peduncles longer than the petioles. 

69. Margins duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

70. Petioles 5-20 mm long. 

7 1. Capsule ellipsoid, alate. 

72. Wings subequal; blades 3-3.5 times as long as wide. Mexico and Guiana to Peru. 

72. Wings very unequal; blades about twice as long as broad. Colombia. [Fig. 20.441 

.................................................... B. stenocardia 

69. Margins with subequal projections or none. 

73. Stipules broad, persistent. Brazil. 

74. Petioles 10-15 mm long; bracts small, persistent. Bahia. [Fig. 20.451 . . B. bahiensis 

74. Petioles 20-50 mm long. 

75. Bracts persistent, large; longer basal lobe minute. Parana. [Fig. 20.461. ......... ..................................................... B.itupavensis 

75. Bracts quickly deciduous, small; longer basal lobe large. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 20.471 . . .................................................... B. cornitepala 

77. Capsule-wings equal, triangular. [Fig. 20.481 .................... B. geoflrayi 

77. Capsule-wings very unequal, lunate. [Fig. 20.491 

78. Margins undulate; pistillate flowers solitary. Borneo .............. !B. Pryeranu 

73. Stipules inconspicuous or quickly deciduous. 

76. Petioles maximally 40-70 mm long. Indochina. 

................. B. boisiana 

76. Petioles maximally 17-25 mm long. 

78. Margins denticulate. 

79. Blades acuminate from a broad apex; capsule-wings broad, strongly unequal. 

Mexico, Central America. [Fig. 20.301 .................. B. convallariodora 

79. Blades long-attenuate from a narrowly triangular upper half; capsule equally 3- 

horned. Central America. [Fig. 20.501 ......................... B. heydei 

Subkey 21 

1. Petioles maximally 5 mm long. 

2. Staminate tepals 4. 

3. Longer basal lobes conspicuous; blades obovate-oblong, -2.5 times as long as wide; ovary 3- 
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

horned. Venezuela. [Fig. 2 1.13 ....................................... B. vareschii 

4. Marginal teeth large, spreading, conspicuous; blades narrowly lanceolate or subrhombic with 

upper half narrowly triangular. Philippines. [Fig. 2 1.21 ............... ?B. mindanaensis 

4. Marginal teeth low, rounded, inconspicuous; blade subelliptic with rounded sides. Indonesia: 

Sumatra ....................................................... B. lepidella 

3. Longer basal lobes minute. 

2. Staminate tepals 2. 

5. Margins entire or with small subequal teeth. 

6. Blades subacute, subsinuate, sparsely dentate, less than 3 times as long as wide. New Guinea. 

[Fig. 1 8.3 1 ] ............................................... Symbegonia strigosa 

6. Blades acuminate, 3-3.5 times as long as broad. 

7. Margins sparsely denticulate; stem flexuous. New Guinea. [Fig. 21.31 ....... B.flexicaulis 

7. Margins entire or slightly undulate. 

8. Peduncles terminal or pseudolateral, monopodial, erect. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 2 1.41 

8. Peduncles axillary decurved. Tropical West Africa: Fernando Po. [Fig. 2 1.51 .......... 

.......................................................... B.cuneatifolia 

........................................................... B.sessilifolia 

5. Margins duplicate-dentate or serrate, the projections coarse or unequal. 

9. Leaves of subapical stem opposite. Indonesia. 

10. Blades narrowly obovate-cuneate, 4 times as long as wide. Borneo. [Fig. 17.91 .......... .......................................................... B.sympodialis 

10. Blades not more than 2.5 times as long as wide. 

11. Abaxial blade-base cuneate like the adaxial. Borneo. [Fig. 14.441 ......... B. longiseta 

1 1. Abaxial blade-base broadly rounded. 

12. Capsule-wings equal. Sumatra ................................. ?B. fasciculata 

12. Capsule-wings unequal. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.61, .................... B. fruticella 

13. Plant 3.2 cm high; blades -3 cm long. New Guinea. [Fig. 21.71 ... Symbegoniaparvifolia 

13. Plant and blades much larger. 

9. Leaves all alternate. 

14. Longer basal lobes small and inconspicuous. 

15. Blade base cuneate on both sides. 

16. Upper half of blade rounded to an abruptly acuminate apex; blades 2.5-3 times as long 

17. Flowers racemose; blades duplicate-dentate, Borneo. [Fig. 2 1.81 .......... B. artior 

16. Upper half of blade narrowly triangular; teeth large, spreading; blades 3-5 times as 

18. Internodes -5 mm long, exceeded by the broad conspicuous stipules. Borneo. [Fig. 

14.301 ..................................................... B. hulletti 

18. Internodes 10-30 mm long, much exceeding the small, narrow, inconspicuous stipules. 

Philippines. [Fig. 2 1.21 .................................. !B. mindanaensis 

as wide. Indonesia. 

17. Flowers fascicled; blades duplicate-denticulate. Philippines ........ B. fasciculiflora 

long as wide. 

15. Blade-base broadly rounded on the abaxial side. 

19. Blades slightly more than twice as long as wide. 

20. Teeth narrow, spreading. Philippines. [Fig. 19.2 11 ............... B. apayaoensis 

20. Teeth low, ascending. Colombia. [Fig. 21.91 ...................... B. gamolepis 

19. Blades more than 3 times as long as wide. 

2 1. Blades glabrous above. New Guinea. [Fig. 14.501 ........... Symbegonia beccarii 
NUMBER 60 61 

21. Blades pubescent above. Borneo [Fig. 14.271 ..................... B. pubescens 

14. Longer basal blade-lobe large and conspicuous. 

22. Blades strongly pubescent or setose above. New Guinea. 

23. Blades 2-2.5 times as long as broad, acuminate from a broad rounded apex. 

24. Stipules glabrous; stamens -8. [Fig. 21.101 ....................... B. otophora 

24. Stipules crisp-pilose; stamens 25-30. [Fig. 18.161 ................ B. hirsuticaulis 

25. Capsule-wings subequal. [Fig. 18.351. ........................... B. randiana 

25. Capsule-wings very unequal. [Fig. 18.331 .................... B. malmquistiana 

23. Blades 3-5 times as long as wide, the upper half narrowly triangular. 

22. Blades glabrous or very sparsely and obscurely vestite above. 

26. Staminate tepals broadly ovate or suborbicular. Philippines. 

27. Margin coarsely and laxly dentate toward apex. [Fig. 19.281 ....... B. megalantha 

27. Margin coarsely duplicate-serrate. [Fig. 18.181 ................... B. samarensis 

28. Staminate tepals free. [Fig. 18.301 ...................... Symbegonia sanguinea 

28. Staminate tepals connate. [Fig. 6.151. ................... Symbegonia mooreana 

26. Staminate tepals distinctly longer than wide. New Guinea. 

1. Petioles maximally 7-90 mm long. 

29. Petioles glabrous or sparsely and fugaciously vestite. 

30. Staminate tepals 4. 

3 1. Mature blades entire and subentire. 

32. Stipules large, persistent; blade-base biauriculate with one auricle produced abaxially. 

33. Blades 3 times as long as wide. Bolivia. [Fig. 20.251 ..................... B. comata 

33. Blades 6-7 times as long as wide. Burma. [Fig. 2 1.1 11 .................. ?B. goniotis 

34. Petioles 20-40 mm long. 

32. Stipules inconspicuous or quickly deciduous. 

35. Blades broadly elliptic, less than twice as long as broad, rounded at apex or minutely 

apiculate. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 16.351 .............. B. sanjeensis 

35. Blades lanceolate, more than 3 times as long as wide, acuminate. Borneo. . ?B. pryerana 

34. Petioles not over 10 mm long. 

36. Blades 5-6 times as long as wide. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 14.511 ...... 

.......................................................... B.capillipes 

36. Blades not more than 3.3 times as long as wide. 

37. Capsule 3-lobed, wingless, blades 3-3.3 times as long as wide. Sumatra . B. sarcocarpa 

37. Capsule unequally 3-winged; blades slightly more than twice as long as wide. Ecuador. 

[Fig. 20.61 ................................................ B. consobn'na 

3 1. Mature blades sharply cut. 

38. Capsule equally 3-horned. South America. 

39. Outer- staminate tepals connate; capsule without a column. Ecuador. [Fig. 21.121 ...... 

39. Outer staminate tepals free; capsule with a central column. 

......................................................... B.longirostris 

40. Blades not more than twice as long as wide; staminate tepals subequal, more or less 

serrulate toward apex. Colombia. [Fig. 2 1.131 ...................... B. umbellata 

40. Blades 2.5-7 times as long as wide; staminate tepals entire. 

4 1. Outer staminate tepals oblong, the inner nearly as long. Venezuela. [Fig. 21.11 ...... 

......................................................... B.vareschii 

41. Outer staminate tepals broadly obovate, the inner much shorter. Colombia. [Fig. 6.141 

B. hexandra 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

38. Capsule alate. 

42. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. Indonesia. 

43. Blades twice as long as wide; staminate tepals pink or white. Philippines. [Fig. 14.391 

43. Blades much narrower, to 4 times as long as wide; staminate tepals violet. Sumatra. [Fig. 

2 1.141 .................................................... B. divaricata 

44. Blades about twice as long as wide; outer staminate tepals broadly ovate, 10 mm long. 

Colombia. [Fig. 20.441 ...................................... B. stenocardia 

44. Blades about 4 times as long as wide; outer staminate tepals narrowly lance-elliptic, 25- 

44 mm long. Bolivia, Argentina. [Fig. 2 1.1 51 ...................... B. boliviensis 

........................................................ B.subprostrata 

42. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. South America. 

30. Staminate tepals 2. 

45. Upper third to half of blade narrowly triangular. 

46. Blades 6-7 times as long as wide. 

47. Stipules broad, persistent. Burma. [Fig. 21.111 ........................ ?B. goniotis 

47. Stipules quickly deciduous. Philippines. [Fig. 20.171 ................... B. oblongata 

48. Petioles maximally 8- 15 mm long. 

46. Blades 2 to less than 4 times as long as wide. Indonesia. 

49. Longer basal lobe broadly rounded, conspicuous. New Guinea. 

50. Margin coarsely duplicate-serrate; larger basal lobe not covering the petiole. [Fig. 2 1.161 

...................................................... B.humboldtiana 

50. Margin subentire; larger basal lobe covering the petiole. [Fig. 20.191. . B. ledermannii 

5 1. Blades thin, 13-22 cm long; inflorescence bisexual, elongate, many-flowered, the 2 

pistillate flowers basal. [Fig. 20.181 ............................. B. panayensis 

51. Blades firm, 7 cm long, much paler beneath; inflorescence few-flowered [Fig. 14.321 

49. Longer basal lobe inconspicuous, much shorter than the petiole. Philippines. 

.................................................... B.malindangensis 

53. Blade over 3 times as long as wide; teeth to 12 mm long. Philippines. [Fig. 6.21 ...... 

53. Blade about twice as long as wide; teeth 2-3 mm long. New Guinea. [Fig. 21.171 .... 

48. Petioles maximally 20-50 mm long. 

52. Margin closely double-dentate or serrate. 

........................................................ B.quercifolia 

.......................................................... B.simulans 

54. Blades concolorous above; margin denticulate. Philippines. [Fig. 20.161 . . B. esculenta 

54. Blades with large white spots above; margin subentire. 

55. Base of blade shallowly and broadly cordate. Philippines. [Fig. 20.151 . B. leucosticta 

52. Margin denticulate to subentire. 

55. Base of blade deeply and narrowly cordate. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.181 ............ 

..................................................... ?B. spilotophylla 

45. Upper third to half of blade broadly rounded, usually acuminate. 

56. Petioles maximally 40-90 mm long. 

57. Blade-apex broadly rounded without any projection; blade 1.5 times as long as wide. New 

57. Blade-apex acute or acuminate. 

Guinea [Fig. 2 1.191 .......................................... B. subelliptica 

58. Capsule-wings unequal. 

59. Margin obscurely denticulate. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.201 ........... B. lauterbachii 
NUMBER 60 63 

59. Margin undulate, crenate-serrate. Peru. [Fig. 2 1.2 11 ................ B. bracteosa 

58. Capsule wings equal or subequal. Indonesia. 

60. Blades broadly acute; capsule (with wings) obovate. Java. [Fig. 21.221 .... B. isoptera 

60. Blades acuminate; capsule (with wings) orbicular. Philippines. [Fig. 21.231 . B. everettii 

56. Petioles maximally 10-30 mm long. 

6 1. Margins duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

62. Teeth over 10 mm long, nearly as high as wide, spreading. New Guinea. [Fig. 6.121 

......................................................... B.clemensiae 

62. Teeth low and broad. 

63. Inflorescence one-flowered. Africa: Congo. [Fig. 2 1.241 ............... B. iucunda 

63. Inflorescence many-flowered. New Guinea. 

64. Staminate tepals vestite. Sangir Island. [Fig. 21.251 ............... B. insularum 

64. Staminate tepals glabrous. [Fig. 2 1.171 ........................... B. simulans 

6 1. Margins entire to dentate with small subequal teeth. 

65. Stipules broad, persistent. 

66. Stipules and bracts green. Tropical West Africa: Gabon. [Fig. 21.261, . . B. auriculata 

66. Stipules and bracts hyaline. Bolivia. [Fig. 20.251 ..................... ?B. comata 

67. Inflorescence racemose, few-flowered; staminate tepals oblong. New Guinea. [Fig. 

2 1.2 71 ................................................. ?B. vanderwateri 

67. Inflorescence paniculate, many-flowered; staminate tepals broad, 6-8 mm long. 

68. Capsule-wings subacute above; inflorescence broad. British Solomon Islands. [Fig. 

20.291 .................................................... B.weigallii 

68. Capsule-wings evenly rounded above; inflorescence narrow. 

69. Capsule-wings rounded below. Malaya. [Fig. 2 1.281 ............ B. pseudisoptera 

69. Capsule-wings cuneate below. New Guinea. [Fig. 18.131 ......... B. naumoniensis 

65. Stipules inconspicuous or quickly deciduous. 

29. Petioles densely and persistently vestite. 

7 1. Petioles maximally 25-100 mm long. 

70. Staminate tepals 4. 

72. Capsule turbinate, equally 3-horned. Venezuela, Colombia. [Fig. 21.291 ..... B. toledana 

72. Capsule ellipsoid, 3-winged. 

73. Capsule-wings equal. 

74. Capsule wings very narrow, marginiform. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon to Angola. 

[Fig. 2 1.301 .................................................. B. fusialata 

74. Capsule-wings truncate, broadly subtriangular. China: Hainan. [Fig. 2 1.3 13 .......... 

........................................................ ?B.hainanensis 

75. Largest capsule-wing broadly rounded. Burma. [Fig. 2 1.321 .......... B. sandalifolia 

75. Largest capsule-wing acute. Philippines. [Fig. 19.91 ................ ?B. halconensis 

7 1. Petioles maximally 10-1 2 mm long. 

73. Capsule-wings unequal. 

76. Blades 1.6-2.3 times as long as wide; duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

77. Stipules inconspicuous or quickly deciduous. Sumatra. [Fig. 21.331 ..... B. padangensis 

77. Stipules conspicuous, persistent; larger basal lobe auricled. 

78. Blades broadly rounded at apex, but slightly longer than wide; coarsely duplicate-dentate. 

Philippines. [Fig. 2 1.341 .................................. ?B. casiguranensis 

78. Blades acuminate, at least twice as long as wide. 
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

79. Bracts large, imbricate; stem pubescent. Java. [Fig. 14.431 .............. B. lepida 

79. Blades minute; stem setose. Bolivia. [Fig. 19.61 ....................... ?B. bangii 

76. Blades 3-4 times as long as wide. 

80. Stems spreading-setose. 

8 1. Longer basal lobe large, strongly auricled. Philippines. [Fig. 2 1.351 . . ?B. dolichotricha 

81. Longer basal lobe minute. Borneo. [Fig. 14.241 .................... B. lunatistyla 

82. Capsule depressed-globose, subequally 3-winged. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 16.61. ... 

82. Capsule turbinate, equally 3-horned. Colombia and Ecuador. [Fig. 21.121 ........... ........................................................ B.longirostris 

80. Stems pubescent or hirtellous. 

.......................................................... B.oxyphylla 

70. Staminate tepals 2. 

83. Leaves of upper stem opposite. 

84. Margins duplicate-serrate. Sumatra. .............................. ?B. fasciculata 

84. Margins dentate. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.361. ........................ B.filibracteosa 

85. Margins distinctly duplicate-dentate or serrate. 

87. Mature blades glabrous above. Philippines. 

83. Leaves all alternate. 

86. Petioles maximally 9-15 mm long. 

88. Capsule (including wings) truncate, triangular; blades acuminate. [Fig. 21.371 ....... ........................................................ B.latistipula 

88. Capsule (including wings) obovate, truncate or rounded; blades acute or rounded at 

apex. [Fig. 2 1.341 ...................................... ?B. casiguranensis 

89. Capsule-wings unequal; stipules suborbicular, setose. Bolivia. [Fig. 19.61 . , . ?B. bangii 

89. Capsule-wings equal or subequal; stipules narrower. 

90. Primary bracts of inflorescence non-foliaceous; inflorescence racemose. New Guinea. 

[Fig. 21.381.. .............................................. B. wariana 

90. Primary bracts of inflorescence foliaceous. Philippines. 

9 1. Branchs of the inflorescence depauperate-paniculate. [Fig. 2 1.391 ...... B. weberi 

9 1. Branches of the inflorescence basally dichotomous. [Fig. 2 1.351 ... B. dolichotricha 

87. Mature blades vestite above. 

86. Petioles maximally 18-85 mm long. 

92. Base of blade broadly rounded or cuneate, rarely faintly cordate. 

93, Blades about as long as wide. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 21.401 ..... B. dressleri 

93. Blades more than twice as long as wide. China: Hainan. [Fig. 21.311 . . ?B. hainanensis 

94. Abaxial side of base cuneate with small lobe and auricle. 

92. Base of blade strongly cordate or semicordate. 

95. Blades rhombic; petioles maximally 20 mm long. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon, 

Gabon, Congo. [Fig. 2 1.4 1 ] .............................. B. elatostemmoides 

93. Blades obovate; petioles maximally 50 mm long. Philippines. [Fig. 21.421 ......... 

........................................................ B.crispipila 

94. Abaxial side of base broadly rounded with large lobe and auricle. 

96. Indument glandular. Malaya. [Fig. 21.431, ...................... B. barbellata 

96. Indument non-glandular. Indonesia. 

97. Blades glabrous above; rounded to an acuminate apex. New Guinea. [Fig. 21.441 

.......................................................... B.media 
NUMBER 60 65 

97. Blades vestite above. 

98. Blades sublobate with triangular major projects. 

99. Staminate flowers axillary; blade-apex acuminate. Philippines. [Fig. 21.371 ..... 

.................................................... B. latistipula 

................................................. B.masarangensis 

Philippines ............................................. B. perryae 

100. Blades apiculate. Celebes. [Fig. 14.531 .................... B. hispidissima 

99. Staminate flowers terminal, racemose; blade-apex triangular. Celebes. [Fig. 2 1.451 

98. Blades duplicate-dentate or serrate with very broad major projections. 

100. Blades acuminate. (B. robinsonii Merrill, 19 12, non T. Moore, 187 1 .) 

85. Margins entire or with small subequal projections. 

10 1. Petioles maximally 10- 15 mm long. 

102. Blades -4 times as long as wide, the abaxial side nearly twice as wide as the subentire 

102. Blade 2.2 to -3 times as long as broad; capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

adaxial side. Philippines. [Fig. 2 1.461 ............................ B. riralensis 

103. Flowers subsessile, axillary. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 21.471. ........ ......................................................... B.loloensis 

103. Flowers distinctly pedicellate. New Guinea. 

104. Stipules linear; blades glabrous. [Fig. 2 1.271 .................. ?B. vanderwateri 

104. Stipules ovate; blades hirtellous. [Fig. 2 1.481 ...................... B. oxyura 

105. Larger basal lobe not auriculate; inflorescence narrowly paniculate, 15-20 cm long, 

1 05. Larger basal lobe auriculate; inflorescence short, few-flowered. 

10 1. Petioles maximally 20-35 mm long. 

many-flowered. Borneo. [Fig. 2 1.491. .......................... B. cincinnifera 

106. Stipules obovate to orbicular, dentate; blades less than twice as long as wide, broadly 

rounded and apiculate. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. [Fig. 21.501 . . B. sciaphila 

106. Stipules lanceolate. 

107. Blades broadly and evenly rounded and closely denticulate adaxially; staminate tepals 

pubescent. (B. richardsoniana Merrill, 19 12, non T. Moore, 187 1 .) New Guinea. [Fig. 

S22] ................................................... B.mystacina 

107. Blades nearly straight and subentire adaxially; staminate tepals glabrous. Philippines. 

[Fig. 21.511 .............................................. B. contracta 

Subkey 22 

1. Inflorescence with a simple axis or none, not basally dichotomous. 

2. Petioles strongly and persistently vestite. 

3. Blades rounded at apex. Indonesia. 

4. Ovary-wings unequal, angled. Moluccans. [Fig. 22.11 ................... ?B. holosericea 

4. Ovary-wings equal, rounded. Sarawak. [Fig. 22.21 ...................... B. promethea 

5. Petiole-trichomes flat, usually laciniate; bracts deciduous. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 

22.31 ......................................................... B. boquetensis 

5. Petiole-trichomes filamentous. 

6. Inflorescence many-flowered, usually much exceeding the leaves. Mexico. [Fig. 22.41 ..... 

3. Blades acute, apiculate, or acuminate. 

............................................................ B.pinetorum 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6. Inflorescence few-flowered, barely if at all exceeding the leaves. 

7. Pistillate pedicels elongate. 

8. Blades bullate, variegated. Mexico. [Fig. 8.353 ...................... B. imperialis 

8. Blades even, concolorous. 

9. Blades barely oblique; capsule-wings unequal. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 2 1.401 

........................................................... B.dressleri 

9. Blades strongly oblique; capsule-wings subequal. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 22.51 ... B. tsaii 

7. Pistillate pedicels short (0-4 mm); inflorescence covered by the leaves. Tropical West Africa. 

1 1. Ovary broadly obtriangular; blades glandular-puberulent on both faces. Ghana to 

Congo. [Fig. 22.61 ....................................... B. cilio-bracteata 

11. Ovary fusiform; blades laxly pilose above, glabrous beneath. Cameroon. [Fig. 22.71 

10. Ovary 3-winged, 3-celled. 

....................................................... B.pseudoviola 

10. Ovary 4-winged, 4-celled. 

12. Ovary obtriangular. Congo. [Fig. 22.81. .......................... ?B. comperei 

12. Ovary fusiform. Nigeria. [Fig. 22.91 ............................ B. salisburyana 

13. Blades evenly rounded and without any apical projection. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 22.101 

~B.rotunda 

13. Blades acute or acuminate, more or less irregular marginally. 

2. Petioles glabrous or sparsely vestite and glabrescent. 

............................................................... 

14. Margins obscurely denticulate. 

15. Peduncles about equaling the petioles; pistillate tepals 2. Mexico and Central America. 

[Fig. 22.1 11 ..................................................... B. plebeja 

15. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles; inflorescence unisexual. 

16. Pistillate tepals 2; stamens 8-1 2; inflorescences 3-5 flowered. Tropical West Africa: 

Cameroon. 

(1969) ................................................... ?B. raynaliorum 

(1 983) (B. dielsiana Gilg, 1904, non Diels, 1900.) ................. ?B. cameroonensis 

16. Pistillate tepals 3; stamens numerous; inflorescences many-flowered. New Guinea. [Fig. 

22.121 ........................................................ B.rieckei 

14. Margins strongly dentate or serrate. 

17. Pistillate tepals 4; fruit suborbicular, equally alate. 

1 8. Inflorescence many-flowered, paniculate; tepals glabrous (B. tuberosa Lam., nom. illeg.) 

18. Inflorescence few-flowered, narrow; tepals pilose. Indochina. [Fig. 8.361 . . B. harmandii 

19. Basal bracts large, enclosing the young inflorescence. Central America: Costa Rica. [Fig. 

22.141 ...................................................... ?B.copeyana 

19. Basal bracts inconspicuous. 

Indonesia: Aniboina, Moluccans, Celebes. [Fig. 22.131 ................. B. muricata 

17. Pistillate tepals 2. 

20. Blades merely oblique to the petiole. China: Hupei, Yunnan. [Fig. 8.221 .... B. henryi 

Central America. [Fig. 22.1 11 ..................................... B. plebeja 

20. Blades transverse to the petiole; peduncles much exceeding the leaves. Mexico and 

1. Inflorescence dichotomous or rarely more divided at base, sometimes more or less asymmetric. 

2 1. Petioles glabrous or sparsely and fugaciously vestite. 

22. Margins entire. 

23. Blades broadly acute, ferruginous-lanate on the nerves beneath. Philippines. [Fig. 22.151 

............................................................ ?B.rubrifolia 
NUMBER 60 67 

23. Blades evenly rounded throughout, glabrous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 22.101 ........ 

.............................................................. ?B. rotunda 

2.5. Staminate tepals broadly ovate. [Fig. 22.161 ...................... *B. cristobalensis 

25. Staminate tepals elliptic. [Fig. 22.171. .............................. *B.- tacanana 

22. Margins variously cut or angled. 

24. Blades coarsely and irregularly dark-spotted, glabrous. Mexico. 

24. Blades concolorous. 

26. Margins sublobate with broadly triangular projections. Mexico. [Fig. 22.181 . . B. pringlei 

26. Margins angled, denticulate or dentate. 

27. Margins conspicuously ciliate. 

28. Bracts persistent; capsule obovate, cuneate. Mexico, Central America. [Fig. 22.1 13 .... 

............................................................ B.plebeja 

[Fig. 22.191 ............................................... B. boiviniana 

30. Pistillate tepals 3; capsule-wings subequal. Indonesia: Java ............. ?B. lobbii 

28. Bracts deciduous. 

29. Peduncle distinctly longer than the petioles; capsule-wings unequal, obtuse. Madagascar. 

29. Peduncle about equaling the petioles. 

30. Pistillate tepals 2; capsule-wings unequal, the larger triangular. Mexico and Central 

America. [Fig. 22.1 1 3 ......................................... B. plebeja 

27. Margins not notably ciliate. 

3 1. Pistillate tepals 4; plant rhizomatous. Madagascar and vicinity. 

32. Blade ovate, acute; ovary obovate. [Fig. 22.201 ...................... B. nossibea 

32. Blade orbicular; ovary oblong. [Fig. 22.211 .......................... B. fragilis 

33. Filaments half-connate in a column; pistillate pedicels 2 mm long. Africa: Cameroon. 

3 1. Pistillate tepals 2. 

(1 969) ................................................. ?B. raynaliorum 

(1 983) (B. dielsiana Gilg, 1904, non Diels, 1900.) ............... ?B. cameroonensis 

34. Margins closely crenate-dentate; placentas simple. China: Hupei, Yunnan. [Fig. 8.221 

34. Margins remotely denticulate; placentas bilamellate; largest capsule-wing oblong, much 

wider than high. Central America: Costa Rica. [Fig. 22.141 .......... ?B. copeyana 

33. Filaments free. 

.......................................................... B.henyi 

2 1. Petioles strongly and persistently vestite, sometimes at apex only. 

35.Petioles-trichomes at least partly of broad scales or sometimes of filaments in bands. 

36. Blades vestite above, at least on the nerves. 

37. Blades vestite on the nerves only. 

38. Inflorescence 4-branched at base; capsule-wings unequal. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 

38. Inflorescence dichotomous at base; capsule-wings subequal. Central America: Honduras 

to Costa Rica. [Fig. 22.231. .................................... B. cardiocarpa 

39. Stamens 23-61; blades less than twice as long as wide; inflorescences usually many40. Blades even. Central America, Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 22.241 ...... *B. urophylla 

40. Blades foveolate. Mexico. [Fig. S23] .............................. *B. carrieae 

4 1. Blades broadly elliptic, less than twice as long as broad; inflorescence many-flowered. 

22.221 ..................................................... B. quaternata 

37. Blades generally vestite above. 

flowered. 

39. Stamens 16-18. 
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Mexico. [Fig. 22.251 ....................................... B. hispidivillosa 

4 1. Blades narrowly elliptic, more than twice as long as wide; inflorescence few-flowered. 

Guatemala. [Fig. 22.261 .................................. B. louis-williamsii 

42. Capsule-wings subequal; margins ciliate, denticulate to rarely duplicate-serrate. Mexico, 

Central America. [Fig. 22.271 ..................................... B. strigillosa 

42. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

36. Blades completely glabrous above; usually broad, less than twice as long as wide. 

43. Inflorescences few-flowered (to 12), mostly once or twice dichotomous. 

44. Blades maximally 22.5 cm long; margin sublobate, dentate. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.11 . , . . 

44. Blades maximally 7-13 cm long. America 

......................................................... B.heteropoda 

45. Stigmatic tissue capitellate; peduncle exceeding the petioles; blades maximally 7.5 cm 

long; irregularly denticulate. Mexico. [Fig. 22.281 .................. B. squarrosa 

45. Stigmatic tissue linear, spiral; peduncle shorter than the petioles. Central America: 

Costa Rica and Panama. 

46. Capsule and wings long-pilose; blades maximally 7 cm long. [Fig. 22.291 . . B. vestita 

46. Capsule and wings glabrous; blades maximally 13 cm long. [Fig. 22.301 . B. squamosa 

47. Blades to 60 cm long, very shallowly triangular-lobate; petiole-trichomes entire. Mexico. 

[Fig. 22.311.. ............................................... .*B. barkeri 

47. Blades to 20 cm long. 

48. Margin evenly rounded. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. S24] ............ *B. princeps 

48. Margin very irregular. 

49. Margin caudate-acuminate from the ends of the principal nerves. Mexico. [Fig. 22.321 

........................................................ * B.stigmosa 

49. Margin very shallowly triangular-lobate. Mexico! Described from cultivation. [Fig. 

22.331 .................................................... * B.barkeri 

50. Blades bullate, pustullate-setose; peduncle equaling or exceeding the petioles; ovary usually 

2-celled. Mexico. [Fig. 22.341 ...................................... B. pustulata 

50. Blades flat. 

43. Inflorescence many-flowered, mostly 3-6 times dichotomous. 

35. Petiole-trichomes of hairs or very narrow hair-like scales. 

5 1. Margins duplicate-dentate or duplicate-serrate with large unequal projections. 

52. Petioles 4 times longer than the peduncles. Mexico? [Fig. 22.351 ....... *B. rhirocaulis 

52. Petioles about equaling or shorter than the peduncles. 

53. Apex of blade acuminate, much narrower than the lateral projections. 

54. Capsule-wings unequal; blades glabrous or sparsely glandular above; stamens 6- 19. 

Mexico. [Fig. 22.321 ......................................... *B. stigmosa 

54. Capsule-wings subequal; blades scabrous, hirsute or rarely glabrous above; stamens 23- 

6 1. Central America, Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 22.241 ............ *B. urophylla 

55. Marginal projections rounded or broadly subacute; blade shallowly cordate. Mexico. 

[Fig. 4.121 .................................................. B. kortsiae 

55. Marginal projections acuminate; blade deeply and narrowly cordate. Mexico. [Fig. 2.31 

53. Apex of blade similar to the marginal projections. 

........................................................ B.polygonata 

5 1. Margins evenly rounded or angled, denticulate to entire or undulate. 

56. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

57. Ovary 4-celled. Africa: Congo. [Fig. 22.81 ........................ ?B. comperei 
NUMBER 60 69 

57. Ovary 3-celled. 

58. Bracts persistent, obovate or elliptic; blades ovate-orbicular, almost as wide as long; 

58. Bracts deciduous; blades elliptic, about twice as long as wide; tepals glabrous. Mexico, 

tepals vestite. Malaya. [Fig. 22.361 ............................ B. foxworthyi 

Central America. [Fig. 22.271 ................................. B. strigillosa 

56. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

59. Blades strongly angled. 

60. Inflorescence asymmetric; pistillate tepals 4 or 5; anthers obovate, retuse; capsule-wings 

mostly acute, about as high as wide. Mexico, Guatemala. [Fig. 22.41 . . *B. pinetorum 

60. Inflorescence symmetric; pistillate tepals 2 or 3; anthers linear, with the connective 

produced; capsule-wings rounded, the largest distinctly wider than high. Mexico. [Fig. 

22.371 ....................................................... B.fusca 

59. Blades not notably angled or rarely with a single lateral angle. 

61. Petiole-trichomes limited to an apical ring; pistillate tepals 5. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 22.381 

...................................................... B.m embranacea 

6 1. Petiole-trichomes widely distributed. 

62. Margins entire. Philippines. 

63. Blades broadly acute. [Fig. 22.151 ............................ !B. rubrifolia 

63. Blades evenly rounded. [Fig. 22.391 ........................... !B. alvarezii 

65. Ovary 2-celled; largest wing basal. Mexico. [Fig. 22.401 ........... B.fimbriata 

[Fig. 22.411.. .............................................. B. morii 

62. Margins denticulate or dentate or undulate. 

64. Margins conspicuously ciliate. 

65. Ovary 3-celled; largest wing extending above the ovary. Central America: Panama. 

64. Margins not notably ciliate. 

66. Largest capsule-wing higher than wide, subacute. Central America. [Fig. 22.421 

.................................................... B.sericoneura 

66. Largest capsule-wing nearly twice as wide as high, oblong or elliptic, spreading. 

67. Inflorescence 6 times dichotomous. Mexico. [Fig. 22.371 ............ B. fusca 

67. Inflorescence 3 times dichotomous. Central America, Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 

22.241 ............................................... *B. urophylla 

Subkey 23 

1. Petioles glabrous or sparsely and fugaciously vestite. 

2. Margin entire or subentire. 

3. Blades evenly rounded throughout. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 22.101 ......... ?B. rotunda 

3. Blades acuminate or apiculate. 

4. Fruit rhomboid, acute, cuneate, 4-celled, 2-horned; blade often dark-spotted. India ....... 

B.burkillii 

4. Fruit broadly ovoid, 3-celled, unequally 3-winged, the largest wing dolabriforni. Panama. [Fig. 

23.11 ........................................................ B.garagarana 

2. Margin variously cut or uneven. 

............................................................... 

5. Staminate tepals 5-1 1. 

6. Tepals 4-6 mm long; styles 4-branched. Peru. [Fig. 8.3 13 ................ B. gracillima 

6. Tepals 6-14 nim long; styles many-branched. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 8.331 . , . , . . B. pleiopetala 

5. Staminate tepals 4 or rarely 3. 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

7. Ovary-wings equal or subequal. 

8. Ovary-wings triangular. 

9. Petioles much exceeding the ovate blades and the peduncles; pistillate tepals 4. China: 

Yunnan. [Fig. 23.21. ............................................ B. prostrata 

9. Petioles much shorter than the suborbicular blades and the peduncles; pistillate tepals 5. 

Burma. [Fig. 1 1.71. ............................................ ?B. triradiata 

8. Ovary-wings lunate. 

10. Blades partially pubescent. 

1 1. Inflorescence paniculate; blades undulate-dentate, much shorter than the petioles. Java. 

[Fig. 2.371 ..................................................... B. mollis 

11. Inflorescence racemose; blades crenate, as long as or longer than the petioles. India ......................................................... B.arnottiana 

12. Petioles 2-3 cm long, very slender, shorter than the blades. Philippines. [Fig. 8.471. ... B.woodii 

12. Petioles much larger, much longer than the blades. (B. tuberosa Lam., nom. illeg.) Java. 

[Fig. 22.131 ................................................. B. muricata 

10. Blades wholly glabrous. 

............................................................ 

7. Ovary-wings very unequal. 

13. Blades broadly acute; outer tepals vestite. 

14. Filaments free; largest wing lateral the whole height of the ovary. New Guinea. [Fig. 23.31 

............................................................. B.acaulis 

14. Filaments united in a column. 

15. Peduncle more than twice as long as the leaves. Siam. [Fig. 23.41 .......... ?B. soluta 

15. Peduncle about equaling the leaves; largest wing on the lower half of the ovary. China: 

Yunnan. [Fig. 23.51.. ......................................... B. duclouxii 

13. Blades acuminate. 

16. Blades narrowly obovate, at least twice as long as broad. Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 23.61 

16. Blades broadly ovate, much less than twice as long as broad. 

.......................................................... B-schliebenii 

1 7. Inflorescence few-flowered. India. [Fig. 12.51 ...................... B. brevicaulis 

17. Inflorescence many-flowered. Siam. [Fig. 8.51 ........................ B. discreta 

1. Petioles strongly and persistently vestite. 

18. Margins entire or subentire. 

19. Blades ciliate. Indonesia. 

20. Outer staminate tepals acuminate. Borneo. [Fig. 23.71 ................. B. gueritziana 

20. Outer staminate tepals broadly rounded. 

2 1. Largest capsule-wing broadly rounded, basal, erose; blades bicolorous. India. [Fig. 23.81 

2 1. Largest capsule-wing triangular. 

............................................................ ?B.annulata 

22. Capsule-wings subequal. Sumatra. [Fig. 23.91 ....................... B. ionophylla 

22. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. Philippines. [Fig. 23.101 .............. B. anisoptera 

19. Blades not ciliate. 

23. Blades acuminate; staminate tepals 4; pistillate tepals 5. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 23.1 11 ... 

............................................................... B.repens 

23. Blades broadly subacute or rounded. 

24. Staminate tepals 10-1 2; blades reniform. Peru. [Fig. 1.51 ............. B. anemonijlora 

24. Staminate tepals 4; inflorescence paniculate. 
NUMBER 60 71 

25. Ovary alate. India. [Fig. 23.121 ................................... B. iridescens 

25. Ovary exalate. Indochina. [Fig. 23.131 ............................ B. balansana 

18. Blades distinctly cut. 

26. Blades broadly subacute to rounded at apex. 

27. Ovary equally or subequally alate or exalate. 

28. Ovary 4-celled, exalate. India. [Fig. 23.141 .......................... ?B. silletensis 

29. Anthers obovate; pistillate tepals 4. Indochina. [Fig. 8.361 ............. B. harmandii 

29. Anthers ellipsoid; pistillate tepals 5. Ecuador. [Fig. 23.151 .............. B. xerophyta 

28. Ovary 3-celled, 3-alate. 

27. Ovary very unequally 3-alate. 

30. Margin ciliate. 

3 1. Bracts deciduous. 

32. Ovary 2-celled, the largest wing attached to its basal half. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 23.51 

.......................................................... B.duclouxii 

32. Ovary 3-celled, the largest wing attached to the whole length of the ovary. Philippines. 

[Fig. 23.161 .................................................... B. pama 

33. Tepals pilose. Siam. [Fig. 23.41 .................................... ?B. soluta 

33. Tepals glabrous. Peru. 

3 1. Bracts persistent. 

34. Tepals all rounded, entire; anther-connective produced: bracts glabrous. [Fig. 7.171 

.......................................................... * B. veitchii 

34. Tepals acute, the outer staminate ones dentate; anther-connective not produced; bracts 

villous. [Fig. 8.391 ............................................ B. herrerae 

35. Blades strongly oblique and asymmetric, bicolorous; peduncles much exceeding the peti36. Largest capsule-wing deflexed; blades with broad, dark border and center. India. [Fig. 

23.171 ......................................................... *B.rex 

36. Largest capsule-wing spreading or ascending; blades with larger nerves pale-bordered. 

West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 23.181 ................................. B. leuconeura 

30. Margin not ciliate or obscurely so. 

oles. 

35. Blades slightly oblique and asymmetric, concolorous. 

37. Blades broadly rounded or subtruncate at base. 

38. Pistillate tepals 3; staminate tepals 4; blades broadly rounded at base. India. [Fig. 8.191 

38. Pistillate tepals 6; staminate tepals 5; blades subtruncate at base. Colombia? [Fig. 23.191 

......................................................... B.ovatifolia 

...................................................... B.novogranatae 

........................................................ B.subpeltata 

37. Blades deeply and closely cordate at base; placentas simple. 

39. Stamens free; margin very shallowly lobed, sharply serrate. India. [Fig. 23.201 ...... 

39. Stamens on a column; margin evenly rounded, dentate; tepals yellow. Colombia. [Fig. 

8.371 ........................................................ B.lutea 

26. Blades narrowly acute, apiculate or acuminate. 

40. Fruit Ivingless, 4-celled; blades evenly rounded, sparsely denticulate. India. 

4 1. Outer staminate tepals 4 mm long: blades vestite above, even. [Fig. 23.141 . ?B. silletensis 

41. Outer staminate tepals 20 mm long; blades glabrous above, bullate. [Fig. 23.211 ........ 

............................................................ B.aborensis 

40. Fruit alate. 
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

42. Ovary-wings equal or subequal. 

43. Blades glabrous or glabrescent above. 

44. Inflorescences subsessile. Indochina. [Fig. 23.221 .................. ?B. eberhardtii 

44. Inflorescences pedunculate. Java. [Fig. 2.371. .......................... B. mollis 

45. Inflorescence subumbellate. Ceylon. [Fig. 23.231 ...................... B. tenera 

45. Inflorescence laxly racemose. Indochina. [Fig. 23.241 ................... B. pierrei 

43. Blades vestite above. 

42. Ovary-wings distinctlj unequal. 

46. Blades glabrous above or merely papillate. 

47. Pistillate tepals 2. New Guinea. [Fig. 23.251 ....................... ?B. sharpeana 

47. Pistillate tepals more than 2. 

48. Pistillate tepals 4. 

49. Blades cordate at base. Philippines. [Fig. 23.261 .................. B. nigritarum 

49. Blades cuneate on one side of base, auriculate on the other. (B. dielsiana Gilg, non E. 

Pritzel ex Diels.) Africa: Cameroon ......................... B. cameroonensis 

50. Peduncles and inflorescences glandular-pubescent; inflorescence elongate, paniculate. 

Trinidad, Venezuela. [Fig. 23.271 ............................ B. glandulifera 

50. Peduncles and inflorescences glabrous. 

5 1. Petiole bearing a membranous ring at apex; inflorescence dense; stipules concealing 

the internodes. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 23.281 ............... B. organensis 

5 1. Petiole without apical ring; inflorescence lax; stipules shorter than the internodes. 

West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 23.1 I] ................................. B. repens 

48. Pistillate tepals 5. 

46. Blades vestite above. 

52. Blades rugose or bullate. 

33. Outer staminate tepals 25 mm long; blades denticulate, rugose. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 

53. Outer staminate tepals 11 mm long; blades crenulate, bullate. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 

23.301 ...................................................... B. bullata 

54. Inflorescence l-2-flo~vered; basal bracts united; plant 5-8 cm high. China: Yunnan 

54. Inflorescence more than 2-flowered; plant larger. 

23.291 .................................................. *B. augustinei 

52. Blades even. 

.......................................................... B.parvula 

53. Pistillate tepals 4; outer staminate tepals vestite. Siam. [Fig. 23.311 ...... B. prolixa 

23.321 ................................................ ?B. rubropilosa 

57. Outer staminate tepals and capsule-wings dentate. Peru. [Fig. 8.391 ... B. herrerae 

57. Outer staminate tepals and capsule-wings entire. Ecuador. [Fig. 23.331 ......... 

..................................................... B.sparreana 

53. Pistillate tepals 5 or rarely 6. 

56. Smaller capsule-swings marginiform; bracts deciduous. Brazil: Minas Gerais? [Fig. 

56. Smaller capsule-wings triangular; bracts persistent. 

Subkey 24 

1. Petioles glabrous or sparsely and fugaciously vestite. 

2. Margin entire or subentire. 
NUMBER 60 73 

3. Blade-apex rounded. 

4. Sinus open. 

5. Plant tuberous; leaf single. Madagascar. [Fig. 24.13 ................ B. androrangensis 

5. Plant rhizomatous; leaves several. Philippines. [Fig. 22.391. ............... ?B. alvarerii 

6. Blades slightly asymmetric; plant not tuberous. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 22.101 ....... 

4. Sinus closed, the basal lobes overlapping. 

6. Blades strongly asymmetric; capsule-wings subequal. Philippines. [Fig. 9.231 . B. trichochila 

.............................................................. B.rotunda 

3. Blade apex acute to acuminate. 

8. Peduncle much exceeding the petioles; inflorescence ample. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

24.21 .......................................................... B.cordata 

8. Peduncle about equaling the petioles to much shorter; inflorescence few-flowered. Malaya. 

7. Bracts deciduous. 

[Fig. 24.31 ....................................................... B. venusta 

China: Kiangsi. [Fig. 24.41. ..................................... B. ornithophylla 

7. Bracts persistent. 

9. Blade about twice as long as wide, the upper half narrowly triangular; pistillate tepals 3. 

9. Blade broader, much less than twice as long as broad. 

10. staminate pedicels 6-10 mm long. 

1 1. Blades prominently reticulate-nerved, especially beneath; fruit wingless. Indochina. [Fig. 

23.131 .................................................... B.balansana 

1 1. Blades not reticulate. (B. robinsonii Merrill, non Ridley.) Philippines. ....... B. perryae 

12. Pistillate tepals 4; ovary 4-celled, 2-horned. India ..................... B. burkillii 

12. Pistillate tepals 5; ovary 2-celled, very unequally 3-winged. Malaya. [Fig. 24.51 ....... 

........................................................ B.maxwelliana 

10. Staminate pedicels 30-100 mm long. 

2. Margin distinctly cut. 

13. Blade-apex rounded. 

14. Staminate tepals 9- 1 1; pistillate tepals 8. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 8.331 ......... B. pleiopetala 

14. Staminate tepals 4; pistillate tepals 4-5. 

15. Blades sublobate with narrow sinuses, denticulate; tepals obtuse. Ecuador. [Fig. 4.131 .... ............................................................ B.triramosa 

15. Blades not at all lobate. 

16. Inner staminate tepals much narrower than the outer. Burma, Singapore. ............ 

......................................................... B.paruuli~ora 

16. Inner staminate tepals like the outer, acute. India. ................... B. tribenensis 

1 3. Blade-apex apiculate, acuminate or triangular-acute. 

17. Blades very slightly oblique. Asia. 

18. Pistillate tepals 5. Malaya. [Fig. S25] ............................... B. paupercula 

18. Pistillate tepals 4. 

19. Inflorescence many-flowered, 2-5 times dichotomous; ovary 3-celled. Siam. [Fig. 8.51. .. 

............................................................ B.discreta 

19. Inflorescence few-flowered, once dichotomous. 

20. Plant tuberous. China: Kweichow. [Fig. 24.61 ........................ B. labordei 

20. Plant rhizomatous. Siam. [Fig. 8.31 .................................. B. grata 

17. Blades strongly oblique to transverse. 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2 1. Peduncle about equaling to much shorter than the petioles. 

22. Pistillate tepals 3; ovary-wings subequal. 

23. Basal sinus deep with overlapping lobes; margin angled, serrate. Indonesia: Sumatra. 

23. Basal sinus shallow; margin not angled, laxly and obscurely dentate. China: Kiangsi. [Fig. 

[Fig. 24.71 .................................................. B. caespitosa 

24.41 ................................................... B. ornithophylla 

25. Placentas simple. [Fig. 24.81 ................................... B. pavonina 

25. Placentas divided into several plates. [Fig. 24.31 ...................... B. venusta 

26. Fruit bearing 2 small horns, fusiform. India ........................ B. burkillii 

27. Styles 4, bifid. Yunnan. [Fig. 23.21 ............................. B. prostrata 

27. Styles 3, much branched. Kiangsi. [Fig. 24.91 ..................... B. dielsiana 

22. Pistillate tepals 4 or 5. 

24. Pistillate tepals 5; ovary 2-celled, unequally trialate; bracts deciduous. Malaya. 

24. Pistillate tepals 4; ovary 3-4-celled, its appendages subequal. 

26. Fruit alate. China. 

2 1. Peduncle much exceeding the petioles. 

28. Blades evenly rounded. 

29. Capsule narrowly obovoid, asymmetric, cuneate, nutant; bracts persistent. Malaya. [Fig. 

24.51 .................................................... B.maxwelliana 

29. Capsule ellipsoid, symmetric, rounded, erect or suberect. Philippines. 

30. Blades and stipules ciliate. [Fig. 22.151 ........................... B. rubrifolia 

30. Blades and stipules eciliate. [Fig. 24.101 ............................ B. fenicis 

28. Blades angled and undulate-dentate. 

3 1. Staminate tepals subsimilar. 

32. Blades about twice as long as wide; peduncles more than twice as long as the petioles. 

32. Blades nearly as wide as long; peduncles less than twice as long as the petioles. Panama. 

Jamaica. [Fig. 24.1 I] ........................................ B. purdieana 

[Fig. 24.121 ................................................ B. brevicyma 

33. Blades laxly setose. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 24.131 ................ B. schulziana 

3 1. Staminate tepals unlike, the inner pair much narrower. 

33. Blades glabrous. Panama. 

34. Pistillate tepals 4; staminate tepals concolorous. [Fig. 24.141. ....... B. davidsoniae 

34. Pistillate tepals 3; staminate with one outer tepal red and the others white. [Fig. 24.151 

.................................................... B. mucronistipula 

1. Petioles conspicuously and persistently vestite. 

35. Margins entire or undulate, not notably cut. 

36. Petiole-indument of stellate or fimbriate scales. 

37. Pistillate tepals 3 or 4. Philippines. [Fig. 24.161. ......................... B. calcicola 

39. Blades vestite beneath, short-ciliate; placentas simple. [Fig. 24.171 ........ B. hilarianu 

39. Blades wholly glabrous; placentas bilamellate. [Fig. 24.181 ............. B. squamipes 

40. Petiole-trichomes stellate. Pernambuco. [Fig. 24.193 .............. B. pernambucensis 

37. Pistillate tepals 5. Brazil. 

38. Capsule-wings narrowly triangular. Santa Catarina. 

38. Capsule-wings broad, rounded or obtuse. 

40. Petiole-trichornes of fimbriate scales. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 
NUMBER 60 75 

4 1. Blades densely hispid-pilose on both sides. [Fig. 24.201 ................. B. olsoniae 

4 1. Blades glabrous above. [Fig. S24] ................................ *B. princeps 

36. Petiole-indument of simple hairs. 

42. Peduncle shorter than the petioles. 

43. Ovary alate; blades ciliate, pustullate above. 

44. Capsule nutant; largest wing oblong with deflexed upper margin; smaller wings almost 

44. Capsule erect; largest wing suborbicular; smaller wings broadly lunate; pistillate tepals 3. 

New Guinea. [Fig. 23.251 ...................................... ?B. sharpeana 

45. Blades vestite on both sides; ovary vestite. India. [Fig. 23.141 ........... ?B. silletensis 

45. Blades glabrous above. 

46. Pistillate tepals 5; blades strongly reticulate beneath. Indochina. [Fig. 23.131 ......... 

......................................................... B.balansana 

46. Pistillate tepals 4. 

47. Outer tepals and capsule pilose. India. [Fig. 23.211. ................. ?B. aborensis 

47. Outer tepals and capsule glabrous. China: Kwangtung. [Fig. 24.221 ....... B. leprosa 

lacking. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 24.211. .................... B. popenoei 

43. Ovary wingless. Asia. 

42. Peduncle longer than the petioles. 

48. Bracts persistent. 

49. Ovary-wing single; ovary 2-celled. India. [Fig. 23.121 .................. B. iridescens 

49. Ovary-Lvings 3; ovary 3-celled. 

50. Blades pilose above; pistillate tepals 3. Indochina. [Fig. 24.231 ............. B. bonii 

50. Blades glabrous above. 

.5l. Pistillate tepals 5. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 23.1 11 ..................... B. repens 

51. Pistillate tepals 4. Philippines. [Fig. 9.231 ....................... ?B. trichochila 

48. Bracts deciduous. 

52. Mature blades prominently ciliate. Indonesia. 

53. Pistillate bracteoles large, petaloid, persistent; inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous; 

outer staminate tepals broadly rounded. New Guinea. [Fig. 23.251. ..... ?B. sharpeana 

53. Pistillate bracteoles deciduous or lacking. 

54. Primary branches of the inflorescence 5 cm long. Philippines. [Fig. 22.151. ......... 

54. Primary branches of the inflorescence only about 1 cm long. 

........................................................ ?B.rubrifolia 

55. Blades concolorous. Borneo. [Fig. 23.71 ....................... B. gueritziana 

55. Blades variegated. India. [Fig. 23.81 ............................ ?B. annulata 

52. Mature blades eciliate. 

56. Placentas simple; pistillate tepals 5. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 

57. Outer staminate tepals suborbicular, shallowly cordate; blade-apex broadly rounded. 

[Fig. 24.241 ............................................... B. fluminensis 

57. Outer staminate tepals triangular-ovate, deeply cordate; blade-apex apiculate. [Fig. 

24.251 .................................................. B. friburgensis 

58. Pistillate bracteoles persistent, covering the ovary; pistillate tepals 2 or 3. Central 

America. [Fig. 22.421 ...................................... B. sericoneura 

58. Pistillate bracteoles deciduous or lacking. Philippines. 

59. Capsule-wings subequal; blade-apex rounded; sinus narrow with overlapping lobes. 

56. Placentas bilamellate. 
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

[Fig. 9.231 .............................................. ?B. trichochila 

59. Capsule-wings unequal; blade-apex triangular, obtuse; sinus broad and shallow. [Fig. 

24.261 .................................................. B. longiscapa 

35. Margins variously cut or irregular. 

60. Petiole trichomes stellate or fimbriate. 

6 1. Blades completely glabrous above. 

62. Staminate tepals sometimes 3; blade orbicular, irregularly dentate. Madagascar. [Fig. 7.11 

62. Staminate tepals 4. 

........................................................... B.heteropoda 

63. Blade acuminate; pistillate tepals 4. Philippines? ..................... B. oxyspema 

63. Blade broadly rounded or apiculate; pistillate tepals 5. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 24.271 

........................................................ *B. ramentacea 

61. Blades vestite above at least on the nerves. 

64. Blades very broadly subacute; placentas entire. Brazil. 

65. Anthers emarginate; largest capsule-wing higher than wide, subacute; petiole-trichomes 

stellate. Pernambuco. [Fig. 24.191 ............................ B. pernambucensis 

63. Anthers with connective produced; largest capsule-wing wider than high, broadly rounded; 

petiole-trichomes fimbriate. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 24.201 ................ B. olsoniae 

66. Blades shallowly and broadly cordate, apiculate; placentas bilamellate. Philippines. [Fig. 

24.161 ....................................................... B. calcicola 

66. Blades deeply and narrowly cordate, acute or acuminate. Brazil. 

67. Bracts persistent; placentas bilamellate. Minas Gerais? [Fig. 23.321 ..... B. rubropilosa 

67. Bracts deciduous; placentas simple. Rio de Janerio. [Fig. 24.281 ..... B. magdalenensis 

64. Blades acuminate, apiculate, or acute. 

60. Petiole-trichomes simple, filamentous or rarely somewhat flattened. 

68. Peduncles about equaling the petioles to much shorter. 

69. Blade-apex rounded or broadly subacute. 

70. Fruit wingless, 4-celled; pistillate tepals 4. India. [Fig. 23.141 ........... ?B. silletensis 

70. Fruit alate 3-celled; blades slightly oblique. 

7 1. Placentas simple; capsule-wings subequal; plant rhizomatous. Borneo, Sumatra, Java. [Fig. 

2.371 ......................................................... B.mollis 

7 1. Placentas bilamellate; plant tuberous. 

72. Styles multifid; stigmas spherical. Argentina. [Fig. 8.301 ............ ?B. rubricaulis 

72. Styles bifid; stigmas linear, continuous, spiral. 

73. Capsule-wings subequal. India, Ceylon. [Fig. 8.61 .................. B. cordifolia 

73. Capsule-wings unequal. India. [Fig. 8.191 ........................ B. ovatifolia 

69. Blade-apex narrowly acute, apiculate, or acuminate. 

74. Blades glabrous above. 

75. Fruit bingless; pistillate tepals 4; blades evenly rounded. 

76. Blades bullate; ovary 4-celled. India. [Fig. 23.211 ................... ?B. aborensis 

76. Blades even; ovary 3-celled. China: Kwangtung. [Fig. 24.221 ............ B. leprosa 

77. Blades evenly rounded; ovary 3-celled. 

75. Fruit alate. 

78. Ovary-wings subequal, lunate. Philippines. [Fig. 24.291 

78. Ovary-rvings unequal. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 24.211 ....... B. popenoei 

........... B. biliranensis 

77. Blades duplicate-dentate to shallowly lobate. 
NUMBER 60 77 

79. Inflorescences pedunculate; pistillate tepals 8. India. [Fig. 24.301 ...... B. beddomei 

.......... B. eberhardtii 

74. Blades more or less vestite above. 

79. Inflorescences subsessile. Indochina: Annam. [Fig. 23.221 

80. Margins evenly rounded and nearly uniformly cut. 

81. Capsule-wings subequal. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 22.51 ..................... B. tsaii 

........................................................ B.popenoei 

83. Pistillate tepals 5; smaller capsule-wings subquadrate. Malaya. [Fig. 24.51. ........ 

8 1. Capsule-wing unequal. 

82. Smaller capsule-wings minimal. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 24.211 ......... 

82. Smaller capsule-wings well developed. 

..................................................... B.maxwelliana 

83. Pistillate tepals 4; smaller capsule-wings triangular. Siam. [Fig. 23.311 ... B. prolixa 

80. Margins unevenly cut. 

84. Blades shallowly lobate, coarsely dentate or serrate. 

85. Trichomes forming a ring at the apex of the petiole; pistillate tepals 5. Brazil: Bahia. 

[Fig. 24.3 11 ................................................ B. neglecta 

85. Trichomes generally distributed along the petiole; ovary 2-celled India. 

86. Pistillate tepals 6. [Fig. 8.261 ................................... B. aliciae 

86. Pistillate tepals 8. [Fig. 24.301 ................................ B. beddomei 

84. Blades not at all lobate, dentate at the ends of the larger nerves and denticulate between. 

87. Ovary 3-celled; pistillate tepals 3 or rarely 4. Kiangsi. [Fig. 24.321 ..... B.jZiformis 

87. Ovary one-celled. 

88. Pistillate tepals 5; margins eciliate at maturity. Yunnan. ........... B. obsolescens 

88. Pistillate tepals 3; blades bicolorous. 

89. Blades centrally pale. Kiangsi. [Fig. 24.331 ....................... B. morsei 

89. Blades centrally dark. Kiangsi or Kweichow? [Fig. S26] ......... *B. masoniana 

China. 

68. Peduncles much exceeding the petioles. 

90. Blades broadly subacute to rounded at apex. 

91. Blades regularly cut and evenly rounded. 

92. Staminate and pistillate tepals acute, red. Ecuador. [Fig. 8.381 ......... *B. froebellii 

92. Staminate tepals rounded at apex. 

93. Staminate tepals 9-1 1, glabrous. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 8.331 ........... B. pleiopetala 

93. Staminate tepals 4, the outer pair glandular-pubescent. Malaya. [Fig. 7.1 11 . . B. nurii 

9 1. Blades unevenly cut. 

94. Blades undulate or shallowly lobate. 

95. Blades only slightly oblique. 

96. Staminate tepals 4; styles bifid; stigmatic tissue linear, spiral. Peru. [Fig. 7.171 ...... 

......................................................... * B.veitchii 

96. Staminate tepals 5 or 6; styles multifid; stigmatic tissue globose. Argentina. [Fig. 8.301 

...................................................... ?B.rubricaulis 

97. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous; capsule-wings equal. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 23.51 

........................................................ B.duclouxii 

97. Inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous; capsule-wings unequal. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 

2 4.3 41 ................................................... B. saxifraga 

95. Blades strongly oblique to transverse. 
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

94. Blades evenly rounded with larger teeth at the ends of the principal nerves and smaller 

ones between; pistillate tepals 5. India. [Fig. 23.171 ...................... *B. rex 

90. Blades narrowly acute, acuminate or apiculate. 

98. Blades evenly cut and rounded, vestite above. 

99. Pistillate tepals 5; ovary-wings unequal. Malaya. 

100. Blades sparsely rusty-pubescent above with compressed hairs. [Fig. 24.51 .......... 

...................................................... B.maxwelliana 

100. Blades sparsely papillose-setose above. ............................. B. decora 

101. Ovary-wings subequal; pistillate tepals 3. Indochina. [Fig. 24.351 ..... B. tonkinensis 

101. Ovary-wings very unequal; pistillate tepals 4. Siam. [Fig. 23.311 ......... B. prolixa 

102. Blades evenly rounded but with larger teeth at the principal nerve-ends than in between; 

pistillate tepals 5. 

103. Blades glabrous above. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 23.1 11. ............... B. repens 

103. Blades vestite above. 

104. Upper margin of largest capsule-wing reflexed; style-branches spiral; placentas bipartite. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 24.361. .............................. B. setifolia 

1 04. Upper margin of largest capsule-wing ascending; style-branches not spiral. 

105. Peduncles glabrous; outer staminate tepals elliptic; pistillate tepals obovate. West 

Indies: Jamaica. [Fig. 24.111 ............................... B. purdieana 

105. Peduncles pubescent; outer staminate tepals broadly ovate; pistillate tepals elliptic 

99. Pistillate tepals 3 or 4. 

98. Blades unevenly cut, sublobate or angled. 

or narrowly ovate; placentas simple. Brazil: Espirito Santo. [Fig. 24.371 ......... 

.................................................. B. itaguassuensis 

102. Blades angled or sublobate or duplicate-dentate, not evenly rounded. 

106. Blades sinuate between angles with broad sinuses. 

sule-wings broadly rounded. Philippines. 

107. Blades with narrowly triangular upper half; petiole-trichomes large, spreading; cap108. Male flowers white; capsules 12 mm long. [Fig. 24.381 ............. B. klemmei 

108. Male flowers pink, capsules 20 mm long. [Fig. 24.391 ......... B. vanoverberghii 

109. Blades vestite above. 

107. Blades rounded to an apiculate or acuminate apex. 

110. Blades even, concolorous above; ovary 3-celled. Central America. [Fig. 22.421 . . 

................................................... B.sericoneura 

1 10. Blades foveolate, marked with a broad black cross above; ovary one-celled. China? 

[Fig. S26] ........................................... *B. masoniana 

11 1. Trichomes of flattened hair-like scales. Sumatra ............. B. hasskarliana 

1 1 1. Trichomes terete, filamentous. Philippines. 

109. Blades glabrous above. Indonesia. 

112. Blades obovate, obscurely cordate; capsule-wings unequal. [Fig. 24.401 ....... 

................................................... B. isabelensis 

1 1 3. Capsule-wings unequal. [Fig. 24.4 1 ] ...................... B. manillensis 

1 13. Capsule-wings subequal. [Fig. 23.261 ...................... B. nigritarum 

1 14. Inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous, many-flowered; pistillate tepals 2. Mexico. 

1 12. Blades broadly elliptic or ovate, strongly cordate. 

106. Blades broadly and shallowly lobed with narrow sinuses. 
NUMBER 60 79 

[Fig. 22.371 ................................................. B. fusca 

..................................................... B.longiscapa 

116. Blades densely ciliate; pistillate tepals 5. Malaya .................. B. decora 

1 14. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous; few-flowered. 

1 15. Blades glabrous above, strongly oblique; pistillate tepals 4. Philippines. [Fig. 24.261 

1 15. Blades vestite above. 

1 16. Blades obscurely ciliate if at all; bracts deciduous. 

1 17. Tepals yellow; capsule pendant, asymmetric. India. [Fig. 24.421 ... B. xanthina 

1 17. Tepals white sometimes tinged with red. 

118. Blades strongly oblique, 3-6 cm long. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 24.131 ....... 

.................................................. B.schulziana 

118. Blades slightly oblique, 14-17 cm long. Peru. [Fig. 24.431 .... B. tumbezensis 

Subkey 25 

1. Inflorescence with a simple axis or none, not basally dichotomous. 

2. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

3. Margins entire or subentire. 

4. Blades bicolorous; pistillate tepals 5; wings shorter than the ovary. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.181 

4. Blades concolorous. 

........................................................... B. spilotophylla 

5. Inflorescences capituliform, axillary. Tropical West Africa: Guinea. [Fig. 25.11 . . ?B. ampla 

5. Inflorescences open. 

6. Inflorescences subracemose, 12-18 cm long; pistillate tepals 2. Philippines. [Fig. 25.21 ... 

6. Inflorescence one-flowered. Indonesia: Moluccas. [Fig. 25.31 .............. B. carnosa 

........................................................ B.zamboangensis 

3. Margins distinctly cut. 

7. Blades shallowly cordate to broadly rounded at base. 

8. Odd capsule-wing smaller than the other two, all obtuse; blades nearly or quite as wide as 

long, to 2.1 cm long. Africa: Zambia. ................................. B. pygmaea 

8. Odd capsule-wing larger than the other two, triangular; blade nearly or quite twice as long 

as wide, to 7.5 cm long; pistillate tepals 5. Borneo ....................... B. pendula 

9. Inflorescences equaling or exceeding the petioles; pistillate tepals 2; blades nearly or quite as 

10. Margin crenate-dentate; blades only slightly oblique. China: Hupei, Yunnan. [Fig. 8.221 

10. Margin undulate with widely spaced projections. Philippines. 

7. Blades deeply cordate at base. 

broad as long. 

............................................................. B.henyi 

11. Marginal projections low and very broad; blades less than twice as long as wide. [Fig. 

25.21 .................................................. B. zamboangensis 

11. Marginal projections high and narrow; blades more than twice as long as broad. [Fig. 

14.391 ................................................... B. subprostrata 

12. Capsule-wings narrowly marginiform to lacking; blades sublobate, more than twice as long 

as wide. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 25.41. ...................... B. yunckeri 

12. Capsule-wings well developed. 

9. Inflorescence shorter than the petioles, 1 -6-flowered. 
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

13. Blades more than twice as long as wide. 

14. Ovary oblong, 5 times as long as wide; wings triangular. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 25.51 

....................................................... B.sarasinorum 

14. Ovary subglobose; wings semiorbicular. Philippines. [Fig. 25.61 ......... B. colorata 

15. Inflorescence capituliform, to 6-flowered; blades undulate, acuminate. Bismarck 

Archipelago. [Fig. 25.71 ....................................... B. peekelii 

15. Inflorescence (pistillate) one-flowered; blades sublobate, the broadly acute apex little 

larger than the other projections. Celebes. [Fig. 25.81 ................ B. gemella 

13. Blades broad, much less than twice as long as wide. 

2. Petioles persistently vestite. 

16. Blades about twice as long as wide or narrower. 

17. Petioles maximally 1.5 cm long. 

18. Inflorescence cupuliform; blades entire. Africa: Guinea. [Fig. 25.91 ....... B. poculifera 

B.urdanetensis 

19. Pistillate tepals 2; petioles 4-6 cm long. Mexico. [Fig. 25.101 ............ B. aridicaulis 

19. Pistillate tepals 5; petioles 1-3 cm long. Philippines. [Fig. 14.421 ........ B. macgregorii 

18. Inflorescence lax, paniculate; blades coarsely sinuate-dentate. Philippines. [Fig. 14.281 ... 

.......................................................... 

17. Petioles maximally 3-6 cm long. 

16. Blades Lvider, much less than twice as long as wide. 

20. Inflorescence about equaling to exceeding the petioles. 

2 1. Inflorescence paniculate; pistillate tepals 2. Malaya ....................... B. yappii 

2 1. Inflorescence unbranched one-few-flowered. 

22. Bracts deciduous; blades 4-8 cm long; pistillate tepals 2. Mexico. [Fig. 25.1 I] ......... ........................................................... B.violifolia 

23. Ovary unappendaged; indument of scales; blades 8-30 cm long. Africa: Cameroon, 

Congo. [Fig. 25.11. ............................................. ?B. ampla 

23. Ovary unequally trialate; indument filamentous; blades 1.5-2.3 cm long. Brazil: Rio de 

?B. herteri 

22. Bracts persistent. 

Janeiro. [Fig. 25.121 ........................................... 

20. Inflorescence much shorter than the petioles. 

24. Ovary fusiform, 4-alate; pistillate tepals 2. Africa: Nigeria. [Fig. 22.91 .... B. salisburyana 

24. Ovary ellipsoid, 3-alate or angled. 

25. Ovary-wings narrowly marginiform or lacking. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 25.43 

?B.yunckeri 

25. Ovary-wings well developed; pistillate tepals 5. Indonesia: Celebes. 

........................................................... 

26. Blades with broad projections. [Fig. 25.131 ............................ B.flacca 

26. Blades with narrow, caudate projections. [Fig. 25.141 ............... B. strachwitzii 

1. Inflorescence basally dichotomous. 

27. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

28. Blades at least twice as long as wide. 

29. Peduncle exceeding the petioles. 

30. Petioles 10- 17 cm long; blades undulate or subentire. Philippines. [Fig. 25.151 ......... 

Pistillate tepals 5; petioles 1-4 cm long. Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 25.161 ........... 

B.caudata ............................................................. 

30. Petioles to 4 cni long; blades denticulate to duplicate-serrate. 

3 1. 

.......................................................... B.denticulata 

3 1. Pistillate tepals 2 or 3; petioles 0.3-1.2 cm long. Peru. [Fig. 14.291 ........ B. pilosella 
NUMBER 60 81 

29. Peduncle about equaling the petioles to much shorter; blades only slightly oblique. 

32. Blades pale-spotted, 13-23 cm long; stems flexuous; stipules subpersistent; petioles 4-6 cm 

long. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.181 ................................. ?B. spilotophylla 

32. Blades concolorous, 7-15 cm long; petioles 2-3 cm long. 

33. Stems geniculate. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 25.51 .................. ?B. sarasinorum 

33. Stems straight. Philippines. [Fig. 14.331 ......................... B. binuangensis 

28. Blades broad, less than twice as long as wide. 

34. Peduncles about equaling or shorter than the petioles. 

35. Capsule-wings subequal, narrow; placentas simple. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 5.181 ....... 

......................................................... B. bonthainensis 

35. Capsule-wings very unequal; placentas bilamellate. 

36. Blades angled or more often with several caudate projections; capsule nutant; largest 

capsule-wing ovate, basal, reflexed. Mexico. [Fig. 25.171 ................. B. ludicra 

36. Blades not angled nor caudate-appendaged; capsule-wings spreading. 

37. Margin sublobate-dentate; petioles about 4 times as long as the peduncle. Cultivated. 

Central America. [Fig. 22.351 ................................. *B. rhizocaulis 

37. Margin laxly denticulate; petioles and peduncle subequal. Mexico and Central America. 

[Fig. 22.1 11 ................................................... B. plebeja 

34. Peduncles much longer than the petioles. 

38. Internodes short and stout; blades entire; ovary 2-celled. Philippines. 

39. Blades glabrous. [Fig. 22.391 ...................................... B. alvarezii 

39. Blades ferruginous-lanate on the nerves beneath. [Fig. 22.151 .......... ?B. rubrifolia 

40. Blades transverse; ovary 2-celled. Central America: El Salvador. [Fig. 25.181 .......... 

B.assurgens 

40. Blades slightly oblique. 

4 1. Margin undulate, obscurely dentate; inflorescence 3 times dichotomous; placentas bilainellate. Philippines. [Fig. 25.151 .................................. B. caudata 

4 1. Margin coarsely crenate-dentate; inflorescence once dichotomous; placentas simple. 

China: Hupeh. [Fig. 8.221 ........................................ B. henryi 

38. Internodes long and slender. 

........................................................... 

27. Petioles strongly and persistently vestite. 

42. Blades about twice as long as wide or narrower. 

43. Petioles 1-3 cni long; blades not ciliate. 

44. Blades narroivly ovate; capsule-wings wider than high, narrowly triangular. West Africa: 

44. Blades oblanceolate; capsule-wings higher than wide. Philippines. [Fig. 14.421 .......... 

Gabon. [Fig. 14.541 ........................................... B. aggeloptera 

.......................................................... B.macgregorii 

[Fig. 22.271 ................................................... B. strigillosa 

22.231 ..................................................... B. cardiocarpa 

43. Petioles 4-20 cni long. 

45. Inflorescences usually few-flowered; pistillate bracteoles lacking. Mexico, Central America. 

45. Inflorescence usually many-flowered; pistillate bracteoles present. Central America. [Fig. 

42. Blades broad, distinctly less than twice as long as wide. 

46. Petioles maximally 10 cm long; capsule-wings unequal; blade-margins ciliate. 

47. Blades bicolorous with large marginal dark spots, long-ciliate; pistillate tepals 2. Mexico. 

47. Blades concolorous. 

[Fig. 25.191 .................................................... B. bowerae 
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

48. Internodes long and slender, much exceeding the stipules; ovary 2-celled. Mexico. [Fig. 

25.1 11 ...................................................... B. violifolia 

48. Internodes short and thick, covered by the imbricate stipules; ovary 3-celled. 

49. Peduncle 10-1 1 cm long, much exceeding the petioles; blades broadly subacute. Philippines. [Fig. 25.201 .............................. .: ............ .?B. castilloi 

49. Peduncle 2.2 cm long, slightly if at all exceeding the petioles; blades acuminate. Brazil. 

[Fig. 25.121.. ................................................ ?B. herteri 

46. Petioles maximally 13-150 cm long. 

50. Capsule-wings equal or subequal; blades glabrous above. 

5 1. Placentas simple; inflorescence pilose; internodes short and thick. Malaya. [Fig. 22.361 

5 1. Placentas bilamellate; internodes longer than thick. 

.......................................................... B.foxworthyi 

52. Ovary 2-celled; blades undulate-lobate to subentire. Philippines. [Fig. 25.211. ........ ..................................................... B. pinamalayensis 

52. Ovary 3-celled; blades denticulate to duplicate-serrate. Central America: Honduras to 

Costa Rica. [Fig. 22.231 ...................................... B. cardiocarpa 

33. Inflorescence 4-6 times dichotomous; petioles maximally 60-1 50 cm long; blades serrulate, more or less undulate; capsule-wings dolabriform, spreading. Mexico. [Fig. 22.371 B.fusca 

50. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

.............................................................. 

53. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous; petioles maximally 13-30 cm long. 

54. Blades glabrous above or vestite only on the principal nerves. 

55. Blades angled or more often with several caudate projections; capsule nutant; largest 

capsule-wing ovate, basal, reflexed. Mexico. [Fig. 25.171 ............... B. ludicra 

55. Blades evenly rounded; capsule-wings spreading. Central America. 

56. Blades hirsute on principal nerves above, ciliate. Panama. [Fig. 25.221 .... B. croatii 

56. Blades complete glabrous above and on margins. Costa Rica. [Fig. 22.141 ......... 

B.copeyana ........................................................ 

54. Blades evenly vestite above. 

57. Ovary 2-celled; blades sublobate wtih caudate projections. China: Yunnan. 

58. Basal blade-lobes overlapping; blades variegated beneath. [Fig. 25.231 . . B. versicolor 

58. Basal blade-lobes separated; blades concolorous beneath. [Fig. 25.241 ............ 

..................................................... B. repenticaulis 

57. Ovary 3-celled. 

39. Blades suborbicular without a distinct apex, but one nerve somewhat longer than the 

others. Mexico. [Fig. 4.121 ................................... *B. kortsiae 

59. Blades with a distinct acute or acuminate apex. 

60. Petiole-indument of scales. 

61. 

61. Blades foveolate. Mexico. [Fig. S23] .......................... *B. cam’eae 

Blades even. Central America, northeastern South America. [Fig. 22.241. ....... 

...................................................... B.urophylla 

60. Petiole-indument of hairs. Central America. [Fig. 22.421 ......... B. sericoneura 

Subkey 26 

1. Axis of inflorescence simple or none, not dichotomous at base but sometimes at apex. 

2. Petiole glabrous or glabrescent. 
NUMBER 60 83 

3. Margins entire or subentire. 

4. Blades ovate, nearly twice as long as wide. (B. purpurea Elmer, non Swartz.) Philippines. [Fig. 

26.1 3 ....................................................... B. neopurpurea 

4. Blades suborbicular. New Guinea. 

5. Peduncles about equaling the petioles; blades concolorous. [Fig. 26.21 ... B. subcyclophylla 

5. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles; blades darkened along the larger nerves; pistillate 

tepals 3. [Fig. 9.41 ............................................. B. bartlettiana 

3. Margins distinctly cut. 

6. Mature blades about twice as long as wide. 

7. Peduncles about equaling to shorter than the petioles. 

8. Petioles maximally 20 cm long; outer staminate tepals 3 cm long, ovary-wings subequal. 

Indochina. [Fig. 26.31 ............................................ B. lecomtei 

8. Petioles maximally 6 cm long. 

9. Margins undulate-dentate; stems geniculate. Borneo: Sarawak. [Fig. 26.41 . B. havilandii 

9. Margins sublobate with broad, rounded projections; stems straight. Indonesia: Celebes. 

[Fig. 25.51 ................................................ ?B. sarasinorum 

10. Ovary turbinate, equally 3-horned; petioles maximally 3 cm long. Venezuela. [Fig. 26.51 

............................................................. B.mariae 

10. Ovary ellipsoid, alate; petioles maximally 8.5-1 1 cm long. 

1 1. Blade-apex narrowly triangular; ovary-wings narrowly marginiform. Central America: 

Honduras. [Fig. 25.41 ......................................... ?B. yunckeri 

1 1. Blade-apex broadly subacute, then acuminate; ovary-wings triangular, unequal. West 

Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 23.61 ................................. B. schliebenii 

7. Peduncles exceeding the petioles. 

6. Blades less than twice as long as wide, broadly ovate or elliptic to suborbicular. 

12. Peduncles about equaling to shorter than the petioles. 

13. Blades finely cut to subentire, suborbicular, bicolorous with dark stripes along the larger 

nerves. New Guinea. [Fig. 9.41 ................................. B. bartlettiana 

13. Blades sublobate with broadly triangular projections, concolorous. 

14. Internodes long and slender. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 25.81 ............ ?B. gemella 

14. Internodes very short and stout. China. 

15. Blades slightly oblique; ovary ellipsoid, unequally trialate, 3-celled. Kweichow. [Fig. 

5.281 .................................................... ?B. smithiana 

15. Blades transverse; ovary turbinate, unappendaged, 4-celled. Tonkin. [Fig. 26.61 ..... 

.......................................................... B.handelii 

16. Petioles maximally 1.5 cm long; blades shallowly and irregularly lobed, mottled with gray. 

Philippines. [Fig. 26.71 ........................................... B. serpens 

16. Petioles maximally 11-1 2 cm long. 

17. Third ovary-wing smaller than the other two. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 23.51 . B. duclouxii 

17. Third ovary-wing larger than the other two. Siam. [Fig. 8.31 ............. .?B. grata 

12. Peduncles distinctly longer than the petioles. 

2. Petioles strongly and persistently vestite. 

19. Rhizome-internodes long and slender. 

18. Peduncles (bisexual or staminate) exceeding the petioles. 

20. Blades elliptic, attenuate, coarsely sinuate-dentate. Philippines. [Fig. 14.391 ............ 

20. Blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, broadly acute, closely dentate. India. 

......................................................... ?B. subprostrata 
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

2 1. Outer staminate tepals 3 mm long; pistillate tepals 5. [Fig. 26.81 .......... B. wengeri 

21. Outer staminate tepals 20 mm long; pistillate tepals 4. [Fig. 26.91 ....... B. scintillans 

22. Floral axis elongate. Siam .......................................... B. festiva 

22. Floral axis short to none. 

19. Rhizome-internodes very short and stout. 

23. Petioles maximally 12-20 cm long. 

24. Blades prominently reticulate beneath; peduncle slightly exceeding the petioles. China: 

Yunnan. [Fig. 26.101 ........................................... B. forrestii 

24. Blades not notably reticulate beneath; peduncle much exceeding the petioles. Brazil: Rio 

de Janeiro. [Fig. 26.1 11 ....................................... B. itatiaiensis 

23. Petioles maximally 4-9.5 cm long. 

25. Blades entire or subentire. 

26. Pistillate tepals 3. Indochina. [Fig. 24.231 ............................ B. bonii 

26. Pistillate tepals 4. Madagascar. [Fig. 3.201. ...................... B. mangorensis 

27. Ovary 2-celled. Szechuan. [Fig. 26.121 .......................... B. limprichtii 

27. Ovary one-celled; placentas parietal. Kweichow. [Fig. 26.131 ........... ?B. porteri 

25. Blades dentate. China. 

18. Peduncles (bisexual or pistillate) about equaling to shorter than the petioles. 

28. Blades coarsely duplicate-dentate to sublobate, glabrous above. 

29. Ovary-wings equal, together obovate, truncate. Indochina. [Fig. 23.221 ... !B. eberhardtii 

29. Ovary-wings unequal. 

30. Petioles generally vestite, - 12 cm long. Africa: Congo ................. B. bequaertii 

........................................................ * B.bowringiana 

32. Blades twice as long as wide, pistillate tepals 5. Borneo. [Fig. 26.141. .... B. adenostegia 

30. Petioles with a ring of trichomes at apex, 3-7 cm long. China: Hong Kong. [Fig. 9.151 

28. Blades finely and rather regularly cut. 

3 1. Internodes long and slender. 

32. Blades much less than twice as long as wide. 

33. Inflorescence elongate, much exceeding the leaves. Borneo. [Fig. 26.151 . . B. adenodes 

33. Inflorescence about equaling the leaves or shorter. 

34. Pistillate tepals 3; petioles 3-6 cm long. New Guinea. [Fig. 9.41 ...... B. bartlettiana 

34. Pistillate tepals 5; petioles 2-lo(-20) cm long. Malaya. [Fig. 12.181 ....... B. guttata 

3 1, Internodes very short and stout. 

35. Petioles maximally 12-3 1 cm long. 

36. Margin undulate; blades weakly oblique; petioles 16-3 1 cm long; largest capsule-wing 

36. Margin evenly curved; blades strongly oblique; petioles 4-12 cm long; largest capsulestraight. Mexico. [Fig. 26.161 ..................................... B. pudica 

wing cucullate. Philippines. [Fig. 23.101 .......................... B. anisoptera 

35. Petioles maximally 4-5 cm long. 

37. Capsule sparsely pilose; largest wing divaricate. Central America: Panama. [Fig. 26.1 71 

.......................................................... B.carletonii 

37. Capsule glabrous; largest wing deflexed. China: Kweichow. [Fig. 26.131 ... ?B. porteri 

1. Axis of inflorescence dichotomous at base. 

39. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. 

38. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

40. Pistillate tepals 5; anther-connective acute; blades obscurely duplicate-serrate. Malaya. 
NUMBER 60 85 

41. Placentas simple. [Fig. 24.81 ...................................... B. pavonina 

4 1. Placentas divided into several plates. Malaya. 

42. Placentas with more than 2 plates. [Fig. 24.31 .......................... B. venusta 

42. Placentas with only 2 plates. [Fig. S27] ............................. B. robinsonii 

40. Pistillate tepals less than 5. 

43. Petioles 2-4 cm long; pistillate tepals 2; blades entire. Philippines. [Fig. 25.61 .......... 

............................................................ ?B.colorata 

44. Blades coarsely undulate-dentate; outer tepals puberulent; pistillate tepals 3. Central 

America: Guatemala. [Fig. 9.241 .................................... B. confusa 

44. Blades evenly rounded, not at all undulate. China. 

45. Pistillate tepals 4; blades broadly ovate, acuminate, deeply cordate. Yunnan. [Fig. 23.21 

B.prostrata 

45. Pistillate tepals 3. Kiangsi. 

46. Blades suborbicular, apiculate, deeply cordate. [Fig. 26.181 ......... B. lanternaria 

46. Blades triangular-ovate, shallowly cordate. [Fig. 24.41 ............ B. ornithophylla 

43. Petioles 6-30 cm long. 

.......................................................... 

39. Peduncles from about equaling to much exceeding the petioles. 

47. Petioles maximally 1.5-6 cm long. 

48. Internodes very short and thick, covered by the imbricate stipules; blades suborbicular, 

acuminate, slightly sinuate; capsule-wings very unequal. Philippines. [Fig. 26.191 ........ 

48. Internodes long and slender, much exceeding the stipules; capsule-wings slightly unequal. 

........................................................... B.copelandii 

49. Blades subtruncate or very broadly rounded at base; margin duplicate-serrate. West Indies: 

St. Vincent. [Fig. 26.201 ....................................... B. vincentina 

49. Blades distinctly cordate at base. 

50. Blades sublobate with broad triangular projections; stipules persistent. Philippines. [Fig. 

26.71 ........................................................ B.serpens 

50. Blades undulate-margined or evenly rounded; stipules deciduous. 

51. Blades broadly subacute, less than twice as long as wide; stem repent. India. [Fig. S28] 

..................................................... B. anaimalaiensis 

5 1. Blades acuminate, more than twice as long as wide; stem scandent or pendent. Lesser 

Antilles: St. Vincent. [Fig. S291. ................................. B. pensilis 

47. Petioles maximally 10-30 cm long. 

52. Internodes much longer than wide. 

53. Inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous, many-flowered. 

54. Blades subrhombic, angled, much less than twice as wide as long. Brazil: Ceara to Santa 

Catarina. [Fig. 26.2 11 ...................................... B. convolvulacea 

54. Blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, not angled, nearly or quite twice as long as wide. 

Philippines. [Fig. 25.151 ........................................ B. caudata 

53. Inflorescence once or twice dichotomous. 

55. Blades angled or with caudate projections; basal sinus shallow. Mexico. [Fig. 25.171 ... 

.............................................................. B.ludicra 

55. Blades evenly rounded but slightly undulate; basal sinus deep. 

56. Rhizome stout; blades suborbicular. New Guinea. [Fig. 26.21 ...... B. subcyclophylla 

56. Rhizome slender; blades ovate. (B. purpurea Elmer, non Swartz.) Philippines. [Fig. 

26.11 .................................................. B. neopurpurea 
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

52. Internodes much wider than long. 

57. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

58. Margin glabrous. Philippines. [Fig. 26.221 .................... B. acuminatissima 

58. Margin long-ciliate. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 23.51 ..................... B. duclouxii 

59. Blades suborbicular. 

57. Capsule-wings very unequal. 

60. Margins entire. Philippines. [Fig. 22.151 ......................... ?B. rubrifolia 

60. Margins duplicate-serrate. Siam. [Fig. 8.31 ........................... ?B. grata 

6 1. Blades triangular-ovate, slightly oblique, shallowly cordate; largest capsule-wing subovate with a truncate upper margin. (B. monticola Ridley, non C. DC.) Malaya. [Fig. 

8.141 ...................................................... .?B. alpina 

6 1. Blades elliptic, strongly oblique, deeply cordate; largest capsule-wing rounded above. 

Philippines. 

62. Peduncles -10 cm long. [Fig. 24.101. ............................. B. fenicis 

62. Peduncles to 40 cm long. [Fig. 22.391. .......................... ?B. alvarerii 

59. Blade narrower, ovate or elliptic. 

38. Petioles strongly and persistently vestite. 

63. Margins entire or subentire, not undulate. 

64. Petioles maximally 6 cm long; blades broadly subacute. Philippines. 

65. Largest capsule-wing dolabriform; blades shallowly cordate. [Fig. 25.201 .... .?B. castilloi 

65. Largest capsule-wing lunate; blades deeply cordate. [Fig. 9.231 .......... B. trichochila 

66. Blades twice as wide as long, acuminate; staminate tepals narrow; placentas simple. Brazil: 

Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 24.281. .................................. B. magdalenensis 

66. Blades broader, distinctly less than twice as long as wide. 

64. Petioles maximally 8-30 cm long. 

67. Pistillate tepals 5. 

68. Internodes long, slender. 

69. Blades concolorous on each side, paler beneath; capsule-wings 6. Philippines. [Fig. 

69. Blades dark-banded along the larger nerves; capsule-wings 3. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 

26.231 ................................................ ?B. suborbiculata 

2 5.2 31 ................................................... ?B. versicolor 

bracts large, persistent. Indochina. [Fig. 23.131 

68. Internodes shorter than thick. 

70. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles; blades narrowly acute, reticulate beneath; 

................... B. balansana 

70. Peduncles much exceeding the petioles; blades broadly rounded. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. 

[Fig. 24.241 ............................................... B. fluminensis 

67. Pistillate tepals less than 5. 

7 1. Blades suborbicular, apiculate. 

72. Margin ciliate; inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous. New Guinea. [Fig. 23.251. ..... 

72. Margin glabrous; inflorescence twice dichotomous. Philippines. [Fig. 26.231 ........ 

........................................................... B.sharpeana 

..................................................... ?B. suborbiculata 

7 1. Blades narrower, acute or acuminate. 

73. Petioles maximally 10-12 cm long; pistillate tepals 3; blades minutely ciliate. Asia. 

74. Placentas simple; outer staminate tepals red, the inner white. Indochina. [Fig. 24.231 

........................................................... B.bonii 
NUMBER 60 87 

74. Placentas bilamellate; staminate tepals all rose. (B. crispula Yu ex Irmscher, non Brade.) 

China: Yunnan .............................................. B. cirrosa 

73. Petioles maximally 20-30 cm long. Philippines. [Fig. 24.261. ......... B. longiscapa 

63. Margins distinctly cut. 

75. Peduncles about equaling to shorter than the petioles. 

76. Internodes long and slender. 

77. Petioles maximally 18 cm long; capsule-wings subequal. Philippines. [Fig. 26.241 ....... ........................................................... B.longinoda 

77. Petioles maximally 7 cm long; pistillate tepals 5. 

78. Blades twice as long as wide; petioles vestite mainly at apex. Africa: Congo .......... 

78. Blades less than twice as long as wide; petioles generally vestite. China: Yunnan ...... 

......................................................... B. obsolescens 

.......................................................... B.bequaertii 

76. Internodes very short and stout. 

79. Margins undulate and obscurely dentate or angled. 

80. Blade twice as long as wide, acuminate, setose above; petiole-indument of fimbriate scales. 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 24.281 ........................... B. magdalenensis 

80. Blade almost as wide as long. Java. [Fig. 2.371. ......................... B. mollis 

8 1. Blades bicolorous with a broad, dark cross in the center, bullate. China . *B. masoniana 

8 1. Blades concolorous, even. 

82. Placentas parietal; ovary l-celled. China: Kweichow. [Fig. 26.131 ........ !B. porteri 

82. Placentas central; ovary 2-celled. Philippines. [Fig. 26.251 ............ B. luronensis 

79. Margins finely cut. 

75. Peduncles distinctly exceeding the petioles. 

83. Blades very shallowly cordate. Philippines. 

84. Blades obovate, slightly oblique, undulate. [Fig. 24.401 ................ B. isabelensis 

84. Blades elliptic, strongly oblique, duplicate-dentate. [Fig. 25.201 ........... ?B. castilloi 

85. Margins undulate-dentate or undulate-sublobate, otherwise entire or subentire. 

83. Blades deeply cordate, sometimes with overlapping basal lobes. 

86. Blades suborbicular, apiculate; inflorescence 4-5 times dichotomous; capsule-wings very 

unequal. New Guinea. [Fig. 23.251 .............................. B. sharpeana 

86. Blades narrower; inflorescence 1-4 times dichotomous; capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

Philippines. 

87. Margins undulate-sublobate with subtriangular, rounded projections; inflorescence once 

dichotomous. [Fig. 26.261 .................................... B. obtusifolia 

87. Margins merely undulate; inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous. 

88. Internodes long and slender. [Fig. 25.211 ................... ?B. pinumalayensis 

88. Internodes very short and stout, covered by the stipules. [Fig. 26.271. B. mindorensis 

85. Margins closely cut. 

89. Largest capsule-wing rounded above. 

90. Blades glabrous above, reniform, slightly asymmetric, evenly rounded and only rarely 

with a projection from the longest nerve. Malaya. [Fig. 7.1 11 ............. B. nurii 

90. Blades vestite above. 

9 1. Infloresences 4 times dichotomous; blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, rather finely 

92. Bracts persistent, lance-ovate, 1.8-2.5 mm long. Bahia. [Fig. 9.51. ..... B. subacida 

and regularly cut; placentas simple. Brazil. 
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

92. Bracts deciduous, minute. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 24.371 ......... B. itaguassuensis 

93. Blades ovate, even. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 26.281 .............. B. gagnepainiana 

93. Blades elliptic, bullate. Venezuela. [Fig. 26.291 .................. B. humillima 

9 1. Inflorescences once or twice dichotomous; blades duplicate-serrate. 

89. Largest capsule-wing truncate above. 

94. Blades glabrous above. 

95. Margin crenate-dentate; peduncles glabrous. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 23.1 I]. ...... 

95. Margin duplicate-dentate; peduncles puberulous. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 24.341 ....... 

B.repens 

........................................................ B.saxifraga 

.......................................................... 

94. Blades vestite above. 

96. Placentas parietal; ovary one-called. China. 

97. Inflorescence few-flowered; tepals glabrous. Kweichow. [Fig. 26.131 ... ?B. porteri 

97. Inflorescence many-flowered; tepals crisp-pilose. (B. crispula Yu ex Irmscher, non 

Brade.) Yunnan ............................................. B. cirrosa 

98. Ovary 3-celled; placentas simple; blades evenly rounded. China: Kiangsi. [Fig. 24.321 

B.filiformis 

98. Ovary 2-celled. 

99. Blades concolorous. Philippines. [Fig. 26.251 ................... B. luzonensis 

99. Blades bicolorous. 

100. Blades ovate with narrowly triangular upper half, pale-banded along the principal 

100. Blades broadly ovate or elliptic, abruptly acuminate along the principal nerves. 

96. Placentas central; ovary 2-3-celled. 

....................................................... 

nerves. Philippines. [Fig. 24-39] ....................... B. vanoverberghii 

China: Yunnan. [Fig. 25.231 ............................. ?B. versicolor 

Subkey 27 

1. Blades subtriangular above with nearly straight sides, ovate or rarely rhombic. 

2. Inflorescence (or at least the pistillate) unbranched, one-flowered or fasciculate, axillary. 

3. Petioles persistently vestite. 

4. Staminate tepals 2. 

5. Margin entire; petioles and blades stellate-lepidote. Africa: Congo. [Fig. 27.11 ........... 

......................................................... B.haullevilleana 

5. Margin sublobate with sharp points and rounded sinuses; petioles pilose. Philippines. [Fig. 

6.21 .................................................................... B.quercifolia 

6. Capsule fusiform, unequally trialate; stipules inconspicuous. Mexico. [Fig. 27.21 ......... 

6. Capsule turbinate, equally 3-horned; stipules large, conspicuous. Colombia. [Fig. 27.31 .... B.trianae 

............................................................ 

4. Staminate tepals 4; petioles puberulent or pilose. 

............................................................ B.cylindrata 

............................................................... 

3. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

7. Blades all or nearly all less than twice as long as the petioles. 

8. Capsule-wings all very narrowly marginiform. Central America: Honduras. [Fig. 25.41 .... B.yunckeri .............................................................. 
NUMBER 60 89 

8. Capsule-wings unequal, triangular. 

9. Ovary 2-celled. Malaya. [Fig. 27.41 ................................. B. uariabilis 

9. Ovary 3-celled. 

10. Staminate tepals very unequal, the outer suborbicular, the inner narrowly oblanceolate, 

obtuse, much smaller. Central America: Salvador, Guatemala. [Fig. 27.51 ........... 

........................................................ B.cebadillensis 

10. Staminate tepals subequal, the outer elliptic, the inner obovate, retuse. Colombia. [Fig. 

2 7.61 ..................................................... B. ophiogyna 

7. Blades all more than twice as long as the petioles. 

1 1. Margin entire or inconspicuously cut. 

12. Blades 3-5 times as long as wide, entire or serrate near apex. India. [Fig. 21.1 11 ....... 

12. Blades less than 3 times as long as wide, denticulate. Philippines. [Fig. 27.71 . . B. bolsteri 

13. Blades 3-5 times as long as wide. 

............................................................ B.goniotis 

1 1. Margin conspicuously cut, mostly duplicate-dentate. 

14. Blades strongly bicolorous, dark above, pale below. Philippines. [Fig. 27.81 . B. merrittii 

14. Blades nearly concolorous. 

15. Stem simple or few-branched, tuberous at base. Bolivia, Argentina. [Fig. 21.151 ..... 

........................................................ B. boliviensis 

15. Stem much branched. 

16. Blade 1 cm wide, firm. Mexico. [Fig. 27.91 ................... B. cuernavacensis 

16. Blade to 5 cni wide, very thin. China: Taiwan. [Fig. 20.391 ......... B. taiwaniana 

17. Blades bicolorous above with large white spots. Borneo. [Fig. S30]. ..... B. borneensis 

17. Blades concolorous above. 

18. Staminate tepals 2. Cult. Madagascar. [Fig. 27.361 ................... ?B. humilis 

18. Staminate tepals 4. 

13. Blades less than 3 times as long as wide. 

19. Ovary ellipsoid, unequally 3-alate. 

20. Stipules deciduous. Colombia. [Fig. 27.101 ..................... B. subcostata 

20. Stipules persistent. Mexico. [Fig. S3 11 ........................... B. dealbata 

19. Ovary turbinate, equally 3-horned. Colombia. [Fig. 2 1.291 ............ B. toledana 

2. Inflorescence (at least the staminate) branched. 

22. Petioles strongly vestite. Philippines. 

2 1. Primary bracts non-foliaceous. 

23. Bracts persistent; staminate tepals 4. [Fig. 19.151 ........................ B. aflnis 

23. Bracts deciduous; staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 27.1 I] ....................... B. cumingii 

24. Capsule-wings unequal. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.171 ....................... B. simulans 

24. Capsule-wings equal or nearly so. Philippines. 

25. Inflorescence dense, 4 cm long or less. [Fig. 27.121 ..................... B. ramosii 

2.5. Inflorescence lax, 6-7 cm long. 

26. Blades glabrous. [Fig. 20.171 .................................... B. oblongata 

26. Blades densely brown-strigose on the nerves beneath. [Fig. 21.461 ....... B. riralensis 

2 1. Primary bracts (at least the basal) foliaceous. 

22. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

27. Blade 3-6 times as long as wide. 

28. Margin entire or minutely and obscurely cut; stipules persistent. 
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

29. Blade rounded at base; stem simple; staminate tepals 2. Bolivia. [Fig. 27.131 .......... B.oblanceolata 

29. Blade shallowly cordate at base; stem branched. Burma. [Fig. 2 1.1 I] ....... B. goniotis 

30. Stipules ovate, aristate at apex. Indochina. [Fig. 20.491 ................. B. boisiana 

30. Stipules subulate. China: Taiwan. [Fig. 20.391 ...................... B. taiwaniana 

......................................................... 

28. Margin coarsely cut; staminate tepals 4. 

27. Blade less than 3 times as long as wide. 

3 1. Petioles prominently vestite, at least at apex; staminate tepals 4. 

32. Hairs massed at apex of petiole. Africa: Angola. [Fig. 27.141 ............. B. rostrata 

32. Hairs spread along petiole. 

33. Outer tepals broadly rounded; petioles 10-18 mm long. Indonesia? [Fig. 19.241 ...... ....................................................... B. rubro-setulosa 

33. Outer tepals acute, serrulate; petioles to 45 mm long. Mexico. [Fig. 27.151 .......... 

........................................................ B.michoacana 

34. Inflorescence (including pedicels) racemose. (Possibly a synonym of B. gracilis.) Mexico. 

[Fig. 27.161 ................................................ *B. bulbillifera 

34. Inflorescence (including pedicels) paniculate. 

35. Pedicels articulate with the apex of the branch, the branch appearing one-flowered in 

fruit after the loss of the staminate flowers. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 12.41 . B. yunnanensis 

35. Pedicels articulate on an extended axis. 

36. Branches (at least the lower) dichotomous. 

3 1. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

37. Outer tepals glabrous. (Possibly a synonym of B. rubella.) Burma. [Fig. 27.171 ...... B.modestifora 

37. Outer tepals setose. India ................................... B. lushaiensis 

38. Staminate tepals 2; capsule-wings equal, crescent-shaped. Philippines. [Fig. 27.71 .... B.bolsteri 

38. Staminate tepals 4. 

39. Blades only slightly oblique; capsule-wings narrowly triangular, spreading. India. [Fig. 

2.231 ..................................................... B. rubella 

39. Blades transverse to the petiole. Borneo: Sarawak. [Fig. 27.181 ....... B. beyllae 

40. Inflorescence (at least the pistillate) unbranched below the pedicels, one-flowered or fasciculate. 

...................................................... 

36. Branches racemose. 

.......................................................... 

1. Blades rounded above, usually apiculate or acuminate, usually elliptic or oblong, rarely ovate. 

4 1. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

42. Blades less than twice as long as the petioles. 

43. Staminate tepals 2; blades shallowly cordate. New Guinea. 

44. Inflorescence terminal only, to 12 cm long. [Fig. 2 1.441 ................... B. media 

44. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, -3 cm long. [Fig. 27.191 .......... B. pediophylla 

45. Blades setose on the nerves. Central America: Guatemala. ............... B. setulosa 

45. Blades completely glabrous. 

46. Stem and internodes very short; stipules imbricate. Indochina. [Fig. 26.31 . . B. lecomtei 

46. Stem and internodes elongate. 

47. Inner staminate tepals obcordate, retuse; stamens apiculate; capsule-wings triangular. 

Colombia. [Fig. 27.61 ....................................... B. ophiogyna 

43. Staminate tepals 4. 
NUMBER 60 91 

47. Inner staminate tepals elliptic-oblong, rounded; stamens truncate, capsule-wings narrow, 

oblong. Malaya. [Fig. 27.201 ................................. B. isopteroidea 

49. Blades hirtellous on the nerves beneath; staminate tepals 2. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.211. .. 

.......................................................... ?B. sogerensis 

pubescent. Tropical West Africa ............................. ?B. cataractarum 

51. Margin dentate or subdentate-lobed. Philippines. [Fig. 27.221 ....... B. subtruncata 

42. Blades more than twice as long as the petioles. 

48. Base of blade rounded or truncate. 

49. Blades soon wholly glabrous. 

50. Ovary one-celled; placentas parietal; styles simple; peduncle and bracts partly stellate50. Ovary 3-celled. 

5 1. Margin remotely denticulate. Indonesia: Lingga Archipelago. [Fig. 27.231. B. axillaris 

48. Base of blade more or less cordate. 

52. Blades broadly sublobate at base; bracts large. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 25.51 ......... 

......................................................... B.sarasinorum 

32. Blades evenly rounded at base. 

53. Staminate tepals 4. 

54. Blades deeply cordate with overlapping lobes; anthers apiculate. Indonesia: Celebes. 

54. Blades cordate without overlapping basal lobes. 

[Fig. 27.241.. ............................................... B. cristata 

55. Capsule trisculcate, unappendated; staminate tepals subequal; anthers obtuse; blades 

shallowly cordate. Java. [Fig. 27.251 ............................ B. trisulcata 

53. Capsule non-sulcate, appendaged. 

56. Staminate tepals subequal; anthers ovoid, subtruncate; capsule equally 3-horned. 

Central America: Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama. [Fig. 20.501 ..... B. heydei 

56. Staminate tepals very unequal; anthers oblong; the exserted connective longer than 

the anther; capsule unequally trialate. Colombia. [Fig. 16.1 11. ......... B. extensa 

57. Blades with large white spots above. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.181 ...... B. spilotophylla 

57. Blades concolorous above; capsule-wings truncate. 

53. Staminate tepals 2; inflorescence unisexual. 

58. Margins entire to remotely denticulate; pistillate flowers solitary. 

59. Capsule-wings crescentiform; pedicels shorter than the petioles. Tropical West Africa. 

59. Capsule-wings ovate, ascending; pedicels much longer than the petioles. Borneo. [Fig. 

S321 .................................................. B.murudensis 

60. Staminate inflorescence few-flowered; tepals 20 mm long. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.271 

.................................................... B.vandenuateri 

60. Staminate inflorescence many-flowered. Indonesia: Solomons. 

(1 896). [Fig. 20.291 ......................................... B. weigallii 

(1 943). [Fig. 27.271 ..................................... B. salomonensis 

[Fig. 27.261 ............................................ B. macrocarpa 

58. Margins closely dentate or denticulate. 

4 1. Petioles strongly vestite at least at apex. 

6 1. Hairs concentrated at the apex of the petiole. Africa. 

62. Inner staminate tepals elliptic, about twice as long as wide. Ethiopia. [Fig. 27.281 ....... 

............................................................ B.abyssinica 

62. Inner staminate tepals oblanceolate, 3 times as long as wide. Congo. 
92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

63. Fruit wingless, indehiscent. [Fig. 12.81 ........................ B. meyeri-johannis 

63. Fruit unequally 3-alate ......................................... B. bequaertii 

6 1. Hairs widely distributed on the petiole. 

64. Blades broadly rounded at base, rarely retuse. 

65. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

66. Plant shrubby, tall; blades pilose above. New Guinea. [Fig. 21.61 ........ B. fruticella 

66. Plant herbaceous, 2-10 cm high; blades glabrous or subglabrous above. 

67. Internodes very short; stipules imbricate. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 25.123. ....... 

67. Internodes elongate, much exceeding the stipules. Venezuela. [Fig. 27.291 ......... 

........................................................... B.herteri 

....................................................... B.steyemtarkii 

68. Capsule-wings oblong, rounded. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.2 13 ............ ?B. sogerensis 

68. Capsule-wings triangular. 

69. Capsule-wings ascending acute; blades coarsely dentate toward apex; pistillate tepals 

connate. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.301 ........................ Symbegonia pulchra 

69. Capsule-wings truncate, obtuse. 

70. Pistillate flowers 2, pedunculate; blades sublobate and dentate. Indonesia: Celebes. 

[Fig. 14.531 ............................................. B. hispidissima 

70. Pistillate flowers solitary, not pedunculate; blades irregularly repand-denticulate. 

China: Hainan. [Fig. 2 1.3 11 ................................. B. hainanensis 

65. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

64. Blades distinctly cordate at base. 

71. Staminate tepals 2. 

72. Petioles 5-8 cni long; inflorescence capituliform. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 27.311 ..... 

...................................................... B.capituliformis 

73. Blades glabrous above. Philippines. (B. robinsonii Merrill, non Ridley.) ..... B. perryae 

73. Blades vestite above. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.321 .............. Symbegonia papuana 

27.241 ...................................................... ?B.cristata 

75. Bracts large, resembling stipules, imbricate. Burma. [Fig. 27.331 ............ B. dux 

76. Blades glabrous above, subentire or serrate. Burma. [Fig. 2 1.321 .... B. sandalifolia 

77. Styles bifid. India. [Fig. 27.341 ............................. B. pedunculosa 

77. Styles niultifid. China: Formosa. ............................ B. bui-montana 

72. Petioles to 2 cm long. 

71. Staminate tepals 4. 

74. Basal sinus closed, the lobes overlappping; infloresence sessile. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 

74. Basal sinus open; inflorescence pedunculate. 

75. Bracts inconspicuous, remote. 

76. Blades vestite above, duplicate-serrate. 

40. Inflorescence (at least the staminate) branched. 

78. Petioles strongly vestite. 

79. Petiole-trichomes of scales; blade-base rounded or truncate. Tropical West Africa. 

80. Margin entire; staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 25.91 ........................ B. poculifera 

80. Margin duplicate-crenate; staminate tepals 4. [Fig. 27.351 ............ B. annobonensis 

79. Petiole-trichomes of simple hairs. 

8 1. Blades vestite above. 

82. Stem soft, very slender; plant annual or of less duration, fibrous-rooted; pistillate bracteoles 
NUMBER 60 93 

present; blades coarsely cut; flowers minute; capsule-wings unequal. West Indies to Peru 

and Brazil. [Fig. 27.361 .......................................... .B. hum& 

82. Stem firm, relatively stout; plant mostly more than annual; flowers medium to large. 

83. Staminate tepals 2; blades rounded at base, strongly bicolorous. Philippines. [Fig. 14.281 

83. Staminate tepals 4 or rarely 3; blades cordate at base. 

........................................................ B.urdanetensis 

84. Blade serrate. Origin unknown ........................... ?*B. donkelaariana 

84. Blade subentire. Brazil, Paraguay. [Fig. 27.371 ..................... B. subvillosa 

8.5. Blade-base strongly cordate. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 27.381 .............. B. handroi 

86. Staminate tepals 4. [Fig. 27.391. ................................... B. brassii 

86. Staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 27.211. ................................. B. sogerensis 

8 1. Blades glabrous above. 

8.5. Blade-base rounded or truncate. New Guinea. 

78. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

87. Staminate tepals 4. 

88. Ovary subequally trialate; inflorescence amply paniculate. Borneo. [Fig. 27.401 ......... 

............................................................ B. tawaensis 

88. Ovary unappendaged. 

89. Ovary 3-celled, turbinate, obscurely 3-lobed; peduncle and bracts glabrous; styles bifid. 

89. Ovary one-celled; peduncle and bracts partly stellate-pubescent. Tropical West Africa .................................................... ?B. cataractarum 

90. Inflorescences unisexual; blades cordate at base; capsule-wings equal. New Guinea. [Fig. 

S33] ......................................................... B.tafaensis 

90. Inflorescences bisexual. 

9 1. Pistillate flowers at base of panicle numerous; pistillate bracteoles persistent, large, entire; 

9 1. Pistillate flowers at base of panicle few or solitary. Indonesia. 

92. Blades deeply and narrowly cordate at base. Borneo: Sarawak. [Fig. 27.421 . . B. rubida 

92. Blades shalloivly cordate or semicordate to rounded at base. 

Sumatra. [Fig. 20.411 .......................................... B. turbinata 

87. Staminate tepals 2; inflorescences, at least the staminate, paniculate. 

largest capsule-wing falciforni, ascending. Venezuela. [Fig. 27.411 ......... B. nubicola 

93. Capsule-ivings unequal. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.431. ................... B. augustae 

......................................................... B.isoptera 

94. Blade rounded at base. Borneo: Sarawak ......................... B. pendula 

93. Capsule-rvings equal or subequal. 

94. Blade subcordate at base with one lobe much larger than the other. Java. [Fig. 21.221 

Subkey 28 

1. Inflorescence (at least the pistillate) without a central axis, one-flowered or fasciculate, axillary . 

2. Petioles persistently vestite. 

3. Bracts deciduous; pistillate tepals 3 or rarely 6. 

4. 

4.Blades vestite above. 

Blades glabrous above, coarsely dentate. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 28.11. .... B. sphenocarpa 

5.Petiole-trichomes of flat triangular scales. India. [Fig. 28.21 ................ B. cathcartii 

5. Petiole-trichomes filamentous. 
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6. Trichomes concentrated at the apex of the petiole. Africa: Congo (Zaire) ... B. bequaertii 

6. Trichomes widely distributed on the petiole. India. [Fig. 28.31 ............ B. thomsonii 

3. Bracts persistent, conspicuous. 

7. Staminate tepals 2. 

8. Pistillate tepals 2; inflorescence dense, subglobose. Tropical West Africa. [Fig. 25.11. ..... 

8. Pistillate tepals 5; blades coarsely dentate. Indonesia: Celebes. 

............................................................... B.ampla 

9. Pistillate tepals setulose. [Fig. 25.141 .............................. B. strachwitzii 

9. Pistillate tepals glabrous. [Fig. 28.41 ................................. B. celebica 

7. Staminate tepals 4. 

10. Blades glabrous above. 

1 1. Stem short; internodes much shorter than the petioles; blades broadly rounded, sublobate. 

Peru. [Fig. 7.171 ................................................ B. veitchii 

1 1. Stern elongate with long internodes; blades acuminate. Borneo. [Fig. 28.51 . B. burbidgei 

12. Outer staminate tepals villous. China: Yunnan ....................... B. morifolia 

12. Outer staminate tepals glabrous or at most ciliate. 

13. Blades rounded; bracts fimbriate; peduncles exceeding the petioles. Argentina. [Fig. 

28.61 ....................................................... B. tafiensis 

13. Blades acute or acuminate. 

14. Stem simple, very short; inflorescence of 1 or rarely 2 flowers; bracts connate. China: 

Yunnan ................................................... ?B.parvula 

14. Stem branched. 

15. Branches few with internodes to 3 cm long; petioles to 8 cm long; blades pale-striped 

along the principal veins. Bolivia. [Fig. 28.71. ................... B. weddelliana 

15. Branches many with internodes to 7 cm long; petioles to 15 cm long; blades concolorous. Peru. [Fig. 28.81. ..................................... B. thyrsoidea 

10. Blades vestite above. 

2. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

16. Bracts deciduous. 

17. Blades vestite at least on the nerves. 

18. Blades entire, red-hairy on the 2 central nerves; plant rhizomatous; capsule-wings rounded. 

Malaya. [Fig. 12.241 ........................................... ?B. carnosula 

18. Blades serrate or dentate. 

19. Capsules equally 3-horned; inflorescences simple, separate, axillary, the staminate few- 

... B. umbellata 

19. Capsule unequally trialate; plant tuberous. East Africa. 

flowered, fasciculate, the pistillate one-flowered. Colombia. [Fig. 2 1.131 

20. Blades acuminate; tepals yellow. [Fig. 28.91 ........................... B.Jlava 

................................................ B. pygmaea 

2 1. Inflorescence (pistillate) sessile. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 28.101 ............ B. atricha 

23. Capsule wingless. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 28.1 11 ................ B. trigonocarpa 

20. Blades obtuse 

17. Blades completely glabrous. 

2 1. Inflorescence pedunculate. 

22. Staminate tepals 4. 

23. Capsule alate; connective produced about twice the length of the anther. Colombia. [Fig. 

16.1 I] ....................................................... B. extensa 

22. Staminate tepals 2. 
NUMBER 60 95 

24. Capsule-wings subequal; blades undulate-serrate. New Guinea. [Fig. 28.121 .......... 

24. Capsule-wings very unequal. 

........................................................ B.brachybotys 

25. Pistillate tepals 2; blades 2-3.2 cm long. Africa: Congo. [Fig. 21.241 ..... B. iucunda 

25. Pistillate tepals 5; blades 12-1 7 cm long. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 28.131 .......... .................................................... B. strictipetiolaris 

16. Bracts persistent, conspicuous. 

26. Blade-margin entire. 

27. Peduncles shorter than the petioles; staminate and pistillate tepals 2. Tropical West Africa: 

Fernando Po. [Fig. 25.11. .......................................... B. ampla 

27. Peduncles longer than the petioles; staminate and pistillate tepals 4. Malaya. [Fig. 12.241 . 

........................................................... ?B.carnosula 

26. Blade-margins cut; pistillate tepals 5. 

28. Peduncles longer than the petioles. Indonesia. 

29. Smaller capsule-wings narrowly crescentiform. Java vicinity. [Fig. 28.141 ... B. tenuifolia 

29. Smaller capsule-wings subtriangular. Borneo. [Fig. 28.51 ............... B. burbidgei 

30. Capsule Lvingless. Philippines. [Fig. 28.151 ...................... B. pseudolateralis 

30. Capsule alate. 

31. Stem internodes over 10 cm long. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 28.161 ...... B. koordersii 

3 1. Stem internodes not over 2 cm long. Brazil. 

32. Plant rhizomatous; stem stout; blades to 30 cm long. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 28.171 .... 

32. Plant fibrous-rooted; stem slender; blades 1.5-2.5 cm long. Goias. [Fig. 28.181 ...... 

28. Peduncles shorter than petioles. 

........................................................ B.bark1eyana 

........................................................... B.exigua 

1. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate with a central axis. 

33. Petioles persistently vestite at least at apex. 

34. Primary bracts foliaceous, a continuation and gradual diminution of the stem leaves below. 

35. Mature branch peduncles equaling or shorter than the bract petioles. 

36. Blades denticulate or crenulate. 

37. Mature blades glabrous; stems 1.8-2.4 m high; staminate tepals unequal. Borneo. [Fig. 

28.51 ....................................................... B.burbidgei 

37. Mature blades vestite. 

38. Outer staminate tepals entire. 

39. Blades and stipules acute; pistillate tepals free. Cultivated. Origin? . ?B. albido-setulosa 

39. Blades and stipules obtuse to broadly rounded; pistillate tepals high-connate. New 

Guinea. [Fig. 10.101 ..................................... Symbegonia hirta 

40. Ovary ellipsoid; blades subreniform, apiculate, angled, sinuate; staminate tepals subequal. Mexico. [Fig. 28.191 ...................................... B. extranea 

40. Ovary turbinate; blades ovate, acute; staminate tepals unequal. Colombia. [Fig. 27.31 

B.t~anae 

4 1. Margins sublobate with the larger projections triangular; blades shallowly cordate to 

rounded at base. 

42. Internodes slender, much shorter than the petioles; stipules to 8 mm long, setose38. Outer staminate tepals ciliate-serrulate. 

........................................................... 36. Blades coarsely serrate to sublobate. 
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

mucronate. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 25.131 ........................... B.flacca 

42. Internodes stout, about equaling the petioles; stipules to 16 mm long, fimbriate-dentate. 

East Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 5.331 ............................. B. tayloriana 

4 1. Margins coarsely serrate to duplicate-dentate but not sublobate. 

43. Plant tuberous. Mexico. 

44. Staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 28.201. ................................ B. fusibulba 

44. Staminate tepals 4. [Fig. 28.211. .................................. B. sandtii 

45. Capsule-wings equal, making the capsule ovate in outline. (B. franconis.) Mexico. [Fig. 

28.221 .................................................. B. wallichiana 

45. Capsule-wings unequal. 

46. Stipules brown; fruit ovoid. Tropical West Africa. [Fig. 27.141 ........ B. rostrata 

46. Stipules scarious; fruit turbinate. China: Yunnan .................. B. alveolata 

43. Plant fibrous-rooted. 

35. Mature branch-peduncles exceeding the bract-petioles. 

47. Margins sublobate with large triangular or semiorbicular projections. 

48. Staminate tepals 2, orbicular. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 25.131 .............. B. flacca 

48. Staminate tepals 4. Mexico. 

49. Petioles vestite only in a ring at apex. [Fig. 28.231 .................... B. boissieri 

49. Petioles vestite generally. 

50. Outer staminate tepals suborbicular, entire. [Fig. 28.241 .............. B. palmeri 

50. Outer staminate tepals ovate, attenuate, serrulate. [Fig. 5.311 ....... B. fernaldiana 

5 1. Stem soft, very slender; plant annual or of less duration, fibrous-rooted; blades coarsely 

52. Blades suborbicular or very broadly ovate, about as broad as long. India. [Fig. 26.81 ... B.wengeri 

52. Blades distinctly longer than wide; pistillate brachteoles present. 

53. Blades crenate, mostly rounded and without a distinct apex. Brazil: Minas Gerais, Goias. 

[Fig. 28.251 ............................................ B. alchemilloides 

53. Blades dentate or serrate, always with a distinct apex. 

54. Petioles and upper stem villous; capsule-wings slightly unequal. West Indies to Peru 

and Brazil. [Fig. 28.261 ....................................... B. hirtella 

54. Petioles sparsely pubescent to glabrous; stem glabrous; capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

West Indies to Peru and Brazil. [Fig. 27.361 ........................ B. humilis 

55. Ovary much broader than long, turbinate, its appendages equal. Colombia. [Fig. 27.31 

............................................................ B.trianae 

55. Ovary at least as long as broad. 

4’7. Margins duplicate-dentate to subentire, but not sublobate. 

cut; flowers minute. 

........................................................... 

5 I. Stem firm; relatively stout; plant mostly more than annual; flowers medium to large. 

56. Pistillate bracteoles lacking or very early deciduous. 

57. Tepals serrate, papillate. Mexico. [Fig. 28.271 ................... B. hintoniana 

57. Tepals entire, even. 

58. Ovary 2-celled; plant fibrous-rooted. India. [28.28] .................. B. wattii 

58. Ovary 3-celled; plant tuberous 

59. Stem simple, more or less pubescent. Mexico, Guatemala. [Fig. 28.291. . B. gracilis 

59. Stem branched, glandular. Mexico. [Fig. 28.301 ................... B. cavum 

56. Pistillate bracteoles present, persistent. 
NUMBER 60 97 

60. Blades duplicate-dentate or -serrate. 

6 1. Stem branching from the base, hirsute. Brazil. [Fig. 28.3 11 ....... B. schmidtiana 

61. Stem simple, glabrous. Cuba. [Fig. 12.161 ........................ B. cubensis 

[Fig. 27.371 .............................................. B. subvillosa 

60. Blades uniformly cut to subentire. 

62. Blades mostly subentire, evenly and rather densely vestite beneath. Brai,il, Paraguay. 

62. Blades strongly and regularly cut. 

63. Plants low, less than 0.5 m high; stem simple; pistillate bracteoles fimbriate; seeds 

attenuate at apex. Mexico and Cuba to Bolivia and Brazil. [Fig. 11.21 . . B.fischeri 

63. Plants -2 m high. Borneo. [Fig. 28.51, ........................ B. burbidgei 

34. Primary bracts non-foliaceous, reduced abruptly from the stem leaves. 

64. Primary bracts persistent, conspicuous. 

65. Margin coarsely double-dentate or sublobate. 

66. Blades pubescent above. 

67. Blades broadly rounded. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 28.321 .................... B. clarhei 

67. Blades acuminate. Philippines ................................... ?B. mearnsii 

68. Staminate tepals 4. Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 ....................... B. micranthera 

66. Blades glabrous or subglabrous above.- 

68. Staminate tepals 2. 

69. Blades ovate, broadest below the middle. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 28.41 . . B. celebica 

69. Blades oblong-obovate to obovate, broadest above the middle. Philippines. [Fig. 

2 1.341 ................................................ B. casiguranensis 

6.5. Margin finely and almost regularly cut to entire. 

70. Blades pubescent above. 

7 1. Staminate tepals acute, the outer serrate. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 8.391 ....... B. herrerae 

7 1. Starninate tepals rounded, entire; anthers obovoid. 

72. Pistillate flowers basal; lower staminate branches deciduous. Borneo. [Fig. 26.151 .... 

......................................................... B.adenodes 

72. Pistillate flowers non-basal; branches all persistent. India. [Fig. 28.341 . . B. integrifolia 

73. Ovary-wings equal or subequal, much higher than wide; blades much longer than broad, 

74. Ovary-wings oblong, equally wide throughout. Malaya. [Fig. 28.351. .... B. holttumii 

74. Ovary-wings narrowly subtriangular, broadset at top. Borneo. [Fig. 28.51 .......... 

70. Blades glabrous or subglabrous above. 

ac u in inate. 

......................................................... B.burbidgei 

73. Ovary-wings distinctly unequal; margins mostly entire or subentire; ovary 2-celled. 

75. Stipules glabrous, deciduous. Malaya. [Fig. 12.181 ................... ?B. guttata 

75. Stipules pilose. 

76. Petioles 0-2.5 cm long. Burma. [Fig. 28.361 ....................... B. paleacea 

76. Petioles 5-8 cm long. Malaya. [Fig. 28.371 ...................... ?B. leucantha 

64. Primary bracts deciduous. 

77. Stern long, the slender internodes as long as or longer than the petioles. 

78. Blades sinuate-angled, pilose; outer tepals ciliate-serrate. Mexico. [Fig. 28.381 ......... 

........................................................... B.nemoralis 

78. Blades evenly rounded. 

79. Ovary fusiform; wings unequal, truncate, triangular; petioles vestite mainly at apex. 
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Africa: Congo. [Fig. 28.391 ................................... ?B. wollastonii 

79. Ovary broadly turbinate, equally 3-horned; petioles evenly vestite. Colombia. [Fig. 

2 1.131 ..................................................... B. umbellata 

80. Staminate tepals 2; pistillate tepals 3; blades coarsely double-dentate to sublobate. Mexico. 

[Fig. 2.31 ................................................... B. polygonata 

80. Staminate tepals 4. 

81. Pistillate tepals 4; blades obtuse. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 23.91 ....... B. ionophylla 

8 1. Pistillate tepals 5; blades acute or acuminate. 

82. Ovary 3-celled; inflorescence many-flowered; branches secund. Guyana. [Fig. 28.401 . 

82. Ovary 2-celled; inflorescence few-flowered. 

77. Stem short, the internodes shorter than the petioles. 

......................................................... B.jenmanii 

83. Blades ovate, acuminate, subentire. Java. [Fig. 28.4 I] ............. B. zollingerana 

83. Blades suborbicular, acute, sublobate. Burma. [Fig. 1 1.41 .......... B. martabanica 

84. Primary bracts (at least the basal ones) foliaceous, a continuation and gradual diminution of 

33. Petioles glabrous or glabrescent. 

the stem-leaves below; inflorescence terminal. 

85. Branch peduncles shorter than the petioles to about equaling them. 

86. Staminate tepals 2; pistillate tepals 2. Tropical West Africa. 

87. Blade entire or obscurely dentate, broadly elliptic to suborbicular. [Fig. 25.11 ......... B.ampla 

87. Blade distinctly crenulate, broadly obovate. Cameroon ............. B. cameroonensis 

88. Blades acuminate, sharply duplicate-serrate. Central America: El Salvador. [Fig. 28.421 . .......................................................... B.weberlingii 

88. Blades broadly acute, triangular-sublobate and laxly and minutely denticulate. Mexico. 

[Fig. 28.431.. .................................................. B. relicta 

............................................................. 

86. Staminate tepals 4. 

85. Branch peduncles distinctly exceeding the petioles. 

89. Staminate tepals 2. 

90. Blades glabrous; stem firm; placentas simple. South Africa. [Fig. 28.441 ....... B. dregei 

90. Blades pubescent; stem soft; placentas partly bilamellate. Venezuela. [Fig. 28.451 ...... B.prieurii ............................................................ 

89. Staminate tepals 4. 

9 1. Stipules entire or quickly deciduous and unknown. 

92. Blades sublobate or duplicate-dentate. 

93. Blades ovate, attenuate. 

94. Tepals yellow; ovary 3-celled. Bolivia. [Fig. 28.461 ................... B. pearcei 

94. Tepals rose and white; ovary 2-celled. Java. [Fig. S34] ............... B. rupicola 

93. Blades broadly elliptic or subrhombic, acute; floral bracts large, membranous. 

95. Anthers linear; capsule-wings subequal, very narrow. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

28.471 ................................................... B. lanstyakii 

93. Anthers obovate; capsule-wings very unequal, the largest ovate, 2 cm wide. Mexico. 

[Fig. 12.201 ............................................ B. rhodochlamys 

92. Blades more finely and regularly cut. 

96. Margin laxly undulate-dentate. Near Java. [Fig. 28.141. ............. ?B. tenuifolia 

96. Margin closely crenate-serrate. Colombia. [Fig. 27.61 ............... B. ophiogyna 
NUMBER 60 99 

9 1. Stipules serrate to fimbriate. 

97. Blades partially vestite. 

98. Blades ovate, acuminate, the apex much larger than the other extensions of the margin; 

tepals yellow. Africa: general. [Fig. 28.481 ...................... B. sutherlandii 

98. Blades broadly elliptic to suborbicular, the apex not pronounced. 

99. Margin laciniate. Mexico. [Fig. 5.301. .......................... B. portillana 

99. Margin crenate-serrate; seeds attenuate. Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and 

Brazil. [Fig. 1 1.21 ............................................ B. fischeri 

upper ovate, attenuate. (var. diversijiolia.) Mexico. [Fig. 28.291 .......... B. gracilis 

97. Blades completely glabrous. 

100. Outer staminate tepals acute, serrulate; blades dimorphic, the lower suborbicular, the 

100. Outer staminate tepals broadly rounded, entire; blades nearly uniform. 

10 1. Plant tuberous. Africa: general. [Fig. 28.491 ...................... B. princeae 

10 1. Plant fibrous-rooted. 

102. Blades rounded or subtruncate at base; bracts of the branches dentate; seeds 

ellipsoid. West Indies: St. Vincent. [Fig. 26.201. ................ B. vincentina 

102. Blades cordate at base; bracts of the branches fimbriate; seeds slender, attenuate. 

Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil. [Fig. 11.21 ......... B.fischeri 

84. Primary bracts non-foliaceous, abruptly reduced from the nearest stem-leaves. 

103. Primary bracts persistent, conspicuous. 

104. Staminate tepals 2. New Guinea. 

105. Bracts imbricate; inflorescence dense; staminate and pistillate flowers on the same branch. 

[Fig. 22.121.. ................................................. B. rieckei 

105. Bracts lax. 

106. Pistillate flowers basal. Borneo. [Fig. 28.501 ...................... .B. walterana 

106. Pistillate flowers in separate inflorescences, only the staminate known. New Guinea. 

[Fig. 28.5 1 ] ............................................ B. novoguineensis 

104. Staminate tepals 4. 

107. Margin entire or subentire or undulate. Siam. 

108. Blades regularly ciliate; largest capsule-wing not more than twice as long as high; obtuse. 

[Fig. 28.521 .................................................. B. curtisii 

108. Blades marginally glabrous or subglabrous; largest capsule-wing more than twice as 

wide as high, attenuate. [Fig. 28.531 .............................. B. haniffii 

107. Margin variously cut. 

109. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

1 10. Stem elongate; internodes longer than the petioles; inflorescence amply paniculate. 

Borneo. [Fig. 27.401 ........................................ B. tawaensis 

1 10. Stem short; internodes shorter than the petioles. 

11 1. Blades concolorous; placentas bifid. Malaya. [Fig. 28.541 ...... B. phoeniogramma 

1 1 1. Blades dark-banded along the principal nerves; placentas simple. East Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 28.551 ......................................... B. riparia 

1 12. Blades duplicate-serrate to sublobate. Brazil: Goias. [Fig. 28.181. ........ B. exigua 

112. Blades slightly cut. 

1 13. Capsule-wing single, narrowly triangular; blade rounded and without a distinct apex 

but one nerve longer than the others. Mexico. [Fig. 28.561 ........ B. balmisiana 

109. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

113. Capsule-wings 3. 

114. Pistillate flowers basal. Borneo. [Fig. 28.51 ..................... B. burbidgei 

1 14. Pistillate flowers non-basal. India. 

115. Blades acuminate; upper internodes longer than the petioles. [Fig. 2.231 ....... 

....................................................... B.rubella 

1 15. Blades broadly acute or apiculate; internodes all shorter than the petioles. 

1 16. Plant tuberous; largest capsule-wing wider than high. [Fig. 12.51 . B. brevicaulis 

116. Plant fibrous-rooted; largest capsule-wing higher than wide. [Fig. 26.81 ....... 

..................................................... B.wengeri 

103. Primary bracts inconspicuous, deciduous. 

1 17. Staminate tepals 2. 

1 18. Capsule-wings unequal; blades sublobate, irregularly dentate. Mexico. [Fig. 28.371 .... 

............................................................. B.huberti 

1 18. Capsule-wings equal or subequal; blades obscurely cut to entire. 

1 19. Mature blades broadly rounded or obtuse. New Guinea. [Fig. 2 1.191 . . B. subelliptica 

119. Mature blades acuminate. 

120. Blades almost twice as long as wide, completely glabrous. Sangir Islands. [Fig. 2 1.251 

....................................................... B.insularum 

120. Blades much less than twice as long as wide. 

121. Petiole and blade completely glabrous. Bismarck Archipelago. [Fig. 25.71 ........ 

B.peekelii 

121. Petiole and blade sparsely vestite. New Guinea. [Fig. 28.581. ...... B. brevirimosa 

........................................................ 

1 17. Staminate tepals 4. 

122. Blades truncate at base or shallowly cordate or semicordate. 

123. Blades semicordate with one side of base cuneate, the other lobed; capsule-wings equal, 

truncate. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 28. lo] .......................... B. atricha 

123. Blades equally truncate or shallow-cordate on both sides. 

124. Blades ovate-triangular, slightly oblique. Burma. [Fig. 27.171 ....... B. modestiflora 

124. Blades subelliptic, transverse. Indonesia: Sarawak. [Fig. 28.591. .... B. sarawakensis 

125. Capsule wingless. Sumatra. [Fig. 28.1 11 ....................... B. trigonocarpa 

125. Capsule alate. 

122. Blades strongly and equally cordate at base. 

126. Margin repand or sublobate. 

127. Ovary 2-celled; mature blades completely glabrous. 

128. Blades suborbicular, very broadly subacute. Malaya. [Fig. 28.541 .............. 

................................................. B. phoeniogramma 

128. Blades broadly ovate, acute. Java. [Fig. S34] ..................... B. rupicola 

petioles; inflorescence short, few-flowered. Bolivia. [Fig. 28.321 ...... *B. clarkei 

the petioles; inflorescence niany-flowered. Mexico. [Fig. 28.601 ... B. macdanielsii 

127. Ovary 3-celled; mature blades at least partially vestite. 

129. Margin double-crenate with narrow sinuses; peduncle several times as long as the 

1 29. Margin repand-dentate with very wide and shallow sinuses; peduncle shorter than 

126. Margin evenly rounded and cut to entire. 

130. Blades ovate, broadest below the middle. 

13 1. Blades nearly transverse to petiole. Siam. [Fig. 28.521 .............. B. curtisii 

13 1. Blades only slightly oblique, more or less cut, broadly rounded or subacute at apex. 

East Africa: Kenya. [Fig. 12.121 ............................ B. wakefieldii 
NUMBER 60 101 

1 30. Blades broadly elliptic, suborbicular, or quadrate, strongly oblique. 

132. Blades broadly subacute, bicolored with dark bands along the principal nerves. East 

132. Blades acuminate, concolorous. Borneo. 

Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 28.551 ............................... B. riparia 

133. Inflorescence racemose. [Fig. 28.611 .......................... B. cognata 

133. Inflorescence paniculate. [Fig. 28-62] ....................... B. propinqua 

Subkey 29 

1. Bracts persistent. 

2. Petiole 5-15 times shorter than the blade. 

staminate tepals vestite; placentas simple. 

3. Blades linear-lanceolate, about 3 times as long as broad; inflorescence few-flowered; outer 

4. Blade e\enly cordate; petioles 10-20 mm long. Brazil: Espirito Santo. [Fig. 29-11 ......... 

............................................................... B.obscura 4. Blade seniicordate with one side auriculate, the other not; petioles 2-9 mm long. Brazil: Santa 

Catarina. 

5. Capsule-wings evenly rounded. [Fig. 19.171 ....................... *B. echinosepala 

5. Capsule-wings truncate above and obtusely angled. [Fig. 19.71 .............. B. insularis 

3. Blades elliptic to broadly lanceolate or ovate, mostly much less than 3 times as long as broad. 

6. Stem Ivith straight, spreading setae or stiff hairs. 

7. Hairs glandular; upper leaves opposite. Indonesia: Sumatra ........... ?B. teysmanniana 

7. Hairs eglandular; leaves all alternate. Bolivia. 

8. Stipules suborbicular; stem densely setose; peduncles shorter than the leaves. 

9. Styles bifid, regular; stipules brown. [Fig. 19.61 ........................ B. bangii 

9. Styles irregularly divided; stipules dark green, staminate tepals 2. [Fig. 19.231 ......... 

......................................................... B.chaetocarpa 

8. Stipules narrow, pale; stem laxly vestite; peduncles exceeding the leaves. 

10. Blades strongly bicolorous; inflorescence uniformly deep red. [Fig. 29.21 ............ 

....................................................... " B.cinnabarina 

10. Blades nearly concolorous; tepals pale rose and white, the rest of the inflorescence green. 

[Fig. 29.31 ................................................... *B. crinita 

6. Stem soft-hairy to glabrous. 

1 1. Staminate tepals 4. 

12. Basal sinus deep with edges partly overlapping, stem very short. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 

24.71 ....................................................... B. caespitosa 

12. Basal sinus shallow; stem elongate. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 20.41 ....... B. lindmanii 

13. Inflorescence many-flowered, 4-5 times dichotomous. Bolivia. [Fig. 17.61 ... B. varistyla 

13. Inflorexence fell-flowered, once dichotomous. Cult. Madagascar. [Fig. 27.361 ........ 

............................................................ ~B.humilis 

1 1. Staminate tepals 2. 

2. Petiole elongate, mostly less than 5 times shorter than the blade. 

14. Blades completely glabrous above at maturity. 

1.5. Petiole-indument of broad, lacerate scales. Mexico. Probable hybrid (cf. FI. Bras. 4, I:385, 

186 1 ). [Fig. 29.41 .......................................... * B. phyllomaniaca 

15. Petiole-indument of hairs. 
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

16. Blades deeply cordate with overlapping lobes. 

17. Petioles glandular; blades broadly acute. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 29.51 ........... 

17. Petioles pilose; blades acuminate. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 24.71 ....... !B. caespitosa 

18. Peduncles to 45 cm long, much exceeding the petiles. Brazil: State? [Fig. 29.61 ........ ............................................................ B.huegelii 

18. Peduncles 2-3 cm long, much shorter than the petioles. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 29.71 

............................................................ B.renifolia 

14. Blades more or less vestite at maturity. 

19. Margin entire or regularly and finely cut. 

.......................................................... B.reniformis 

16. Blades shallowly cordate. 

20. Blade-apex acute to acuminate. 

2 1. Margin entire; outer staminate tepals orbicular, red-pubescent; ovary globose, unequally 

alate. Brazil: Santa Catarina? [Fig. 29.81 ............................ *B. schaqfii 

2 1. Margin serrate; outer staminate tepals broadly ovate, subacute, glabrous; ovary turbinate, 

equally short-horned. Venezuela. [Fig. 20.431. .......................... B. trapa 

22. Blades sparsely hispid; outer staminate tepals glabrous; pistillate tepals ovate, acuminate; 

larger capsule-wings rounded. Venezuela. [Fig. 29.91 .................. B. otophylla 

22. Blades verrucose-pubescent; outer staminate tepals pilose; pistillate tepals oblong, obtuse; 

largest capsule-wing falciform. Sam. [Fig. 29.101 ...................... B. smithiae 

20. Blade-apex broadly rounded and apiculate. 

19. Margin irregularly cut, angled, double-serrate or sublobate. 

23. Stem evenly and persistently vestite. 

24. Blades 2.5-3 times as long as wide, doubly dentate, stamens on a long column. India. [Fig. 

27.341 .................................................... B. pedunculosa 

24. Blades barely twice as long as wide, sublobate. 

25. Flowers in dense clusters at the end of each branch; stem bearing fimbriate scales. Brazil. 

25. FloIvers 1-2 on the end of each branchlet. 

[Fig. 29.1 I] .................................................. .B. hispida 

zil: Santa Catarina. [Fig, 29.121 ................................. B. stenolepis 

[Fig. 29.131 ................................................. B. hassleri 

26. Influorescence many-flowered, glandular, pistillate bracteoles narrowly triangular. Bra26. Inflorescence few-flowered, eglandular; pistillate bracteoles broadly ovate. Argentina. 

23. Stem glabrous or sparsely and unevenly vestite. 

27. Staminate tepals 2. Cult. Madagascar. [Fig. 27.361 ..................... ?B. humilis 

27. Staminate tepals 4. 

28. Stipules deciduous; stamens on a column. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 29.141 . ?B. clavicaulis 

28. Stipules persistent. 

29. Plant tuberous; blades mostly ovate or oblong; styles irregular; anthers obovoid. Bolivia, 

Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 ..................................... B. micranthera 

29. Plant non tuberous; blades elliptic; styles symmetric; anthers oblong. Brazil: Mato 

Grosso. [Fig. 20.41. .......................................... B. lindmanii 

1. Bracts deciduous. 

30. Margin double-dentate or sublobate. 

3 1. Petiole 5-1 5 times shorter than the mature blade. 

32. Blades vestite above. South America. 
NUMBER 60 103 

33. Ovary turbinate, equally cornute; stipules ovate-oblong. Peru. [Fig. 29.151 ..... B. hirta 

34. Stipules brown; styles regular, bifid. [Fig. 19.61 ........................ B. bangii 

34. Stipules green; styles irregular, more than bifid. [Fig. 19.231 .......... B. chaetocarpa 

33. Ovary subglobose, unequally alate; stipules suborbicular. Bolivia. 

32. Blades glabrous above. 

35. Peduncle much exceeding the leaves; blades deeply cordate; staminate tepals 4. West Indies: 

Haiti. [Fig. 29.161 ............................................. B. platyptera 

3.5. Peduncle shorter than the leaves; blades shallowly cordate or rounded at base; staminate 

tepals 2; only the pistillate inflorescence dichotomous. Malaysia. 

36. Stems setose. Philippines. [Fig. 14.421 ............................ B. macgregorii 

37. Staminate tepals 8-1 2 mm long, red. Philippines. [Fig. 27.1 13 ........... B. cumingii 

36. Stems glabrous. 

37. Staminate tepals 6 mm long, white. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.211 .......... B. sogerensis 

31. Petiole less than 5 times shorter than the mature blade. 

38. Stipules persistent. 

39. Blades glabrous above. 

40. Petiole-trichontes apical; stipules broadly ovate. 15-25 mm long. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to 

Paran;a [Fig. 29.171 ........................................... B. pulchella 

40. Petiole-trichomes wide-spread; stipules lanceolate, 1.5-8 mm long. West Indies: Puerto 

Rico. [Fig. 17.101 ............................................. B. decandra 

41. Ovary equally 3-horned. Peru. [Fig. 29.151. ............................ B. hirta 

4 1. Ovary unequally 3-alate. 

42. Stem densely pilose with tuberculate hairs. Africa: Tanganyika. [Fig. 29.181 . B. engleri 

42. Stem glabrous or glabrescent. 

43. Pistillate tepals 5. Cuba, Jamaica. [Fig. 29.191 ...................... B. acutifolia 

43. Pistillate tepals 2. Formosa .................................. B. bui-montana 

39. Blades vestite above. 

38. Stipules deciduous. 

44. Ovary equally 3-horned. 

45. Staminate pedicels dilated upward. Ecuador. [Fig. 29.201 ............. B. fuchsiifora 

45. Staminate pedicles slenderly cylindric. Venezuela. [Fig. 29.211 .............. B. trapa 

44. Ovary equally or unequally alate. 

46. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

47. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles. Africa: Congo .............. B. bequaertii 

47. Peduncles much longer than the petioles. 

48. Pedicles, axes, and peduncles glabrous. Cuba. [Fig. 12.161 ............. B. cubensis 

48. Pedicels, axes, and peduncles vestite. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 29.221 . B. occhionii 

49. Petioles with lacerate mostly collar-shaped scales; inflorescence 4 times dichotomous; 

staminate and pistillate tepals 2. Mexico. [Fig. 3.21 ................... B. manicata 

49. Petioles with filamentous trichomes. 

50. Capsule-wings subtriangular, truncate above; blades papillose above. Cultivation. Origin 

unknown. [Fig. S35] ....................................... *B. bufoderma 

50. Capsule-wings narrowly crescentiform. 

5 1. Placentas simple; capsule truncate or rounded. Brazil: Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do 

Sul. [Fig. 29.231 ........................................ B. isopterocarpa 

46. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5 1. Placentas bilamellate; capsule rostrate. Central America: Guatemala, Honduras, 

Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. [Fig. 29.241 ................ B. udisilvestris 

30. Margin entire or slightly and regularly cut. 

53. Stipules persistent; stems vestite above. 

52. Petioles 5-1 5 times shorter than the mature blades. 

54. Staminate tepals 2. 

55. Blades obovate; capsule-wings subequal. Borneo. [Fig. 14.451 ............ B. articulata 

55. Blades oblong or ovate-oblong capsule-wings very unequal. Bolivia. [Fig. 29.251 ....... 

........................................................... B.buchtienii 

56. Blades acurninate; stem setose. Philippines. [Fig. 14.421 .............. B. macgregorii 

56. Blades obtuse; stem pilosulous. 

54. Staminate tepals 4. 

57. Base woody; inflorescence once dichotomus, 4-6-flowered. Cuba. [Fig. 12.161 ....... ........................................................... B.cubensis 

57. Base tuberous; inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. India. [Fig. 28.341 . B. integrifolia 

58. Staminate tepals 2; capsule-wings unequal, truncate above. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.321 .... 

58. Staminate tepals 4. 

53. Stipules deciduous. 

..................................................... Symbegoniapapuana 

59. Inflorescence few-flowered; placentas simple; blades mostly 3 times as long as wide. Brazil: 

Sao Paulo. [Fig. 29.261 ........................................... B. bradei 

59. Inflorescence many-flowered; placentas bilamellate; blades about twice as long as wide. 

60. Blades remotely serrate; pistillate bracteoles persistent, orbicular, serrulate-ciliate; capsule-wings very unequal. Colombia.[ Fig. 16.21 .................... B. dugandiana 

60. Blades entire; pistillate bracteoles deciduous; capsule-wings subequal. Brazil: Espkito 

Santo. [Fig. 29.271 ............................................ B. albidula 

52. Petioles less than 5 times shorter than the mature blades. 

6 1. Petiole-trichornes apical. Brazil. 

62. Petiole-trichomes filamentous. Santa Catarina. [Fig. 19.141 .............. B. Zinealata 

62. 

.............................................................. B.collaris 

Petiole-trichome a single, collar-shaped, entire trichome. Minas Gerais. [Fig. 29.281 ..... 

6 1. Petiole-trichomes M ide-spread. 

63. Blades completely glabrous above. 

64. Petiole-trichomes of lacerate scales; inflorescence many-flowered. 

65. Staminate tepals 2. Mexico. [Fig. 3.21 ............................. B. manicata 

65. Staminate tepals 4. 

66. Petiole twice as long as the blade or more; inflorescence once dichotomus. Brazil: Santa 

Catarina. [Fig. 29.291 ....................................... B. solitudinis 

66. Petiole not more than a fourth as long as the blade. Philippines? ...... ?B. oxysperma 

64. Petiole-trichomes filamentous, simple. 

67. Stem densely vestite; staminate tepals 4. 

68. Stipules puberulent; peduncles exceeding the leaves; inflorescence lax. Brazil: Rio de 

Janeiro. [Fig. 29.341 .......................................... B. epipsila 

68. Stipules glandular; peduncles shorter than the leaves; inflorescence dense. Brazil: S5o 

Paulo. [Fig. 29.301 .......................................... B. piresiana 

67. Stem glabrous or glabrescent; staminate tepals 2. New Guinea. [Fig. 27.321. ......... 

................................................... Symbegoniapapuana 
NUMBER 60 105 

63. Blades at least partially vestite above. 

69. Mature blades densely tomentose or tomentulose beneath with fine crisped hairs, entire 

or subentire. 

70. Stipules deciduous, minute. Bolivia. [Fig. 29.311. ...................... B. andina 

7 1. Placentas bilamellate; stipules fenestrate with fine cross-veins. Brazil? [Fig. 29.321 .... 

70. Stipules persistent, large. 

.......................................................... *B.venosa 

72. Plant stout, erect; stipules deciduous; inflorescence many-flowered. Rio de Janeiro. 

[Fig. 29.331 ............................................... B. tomentosa 

72. Plant low, weak; stipules persistent; inflorescence few-flowered. 

73. Blades glabrous and concolorous above. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 29.341 ... B. epipsila 

73. Blades strongly vestite and dark green with a prominent longitudinal white band 

above. Cultivated. Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay, Argentina. [Fig. 14.411 ........ 

........................................................ *B.listada 

7 1. Placentas simple; stipules without cross-veins. Brazil. 

69. Mature blades sparsely vestite to glabrous beneath. 

74. Staminate tepals 2. 

75. Stems glabrous; blades finely serrate; staminate tepals glabrous. Bolivia. [Fig. 29.251 . . 

......................................................... B.buchtienii 

75. Stems sparsely tomentose; blades entire or subentire; staminate tepals vestite. Brazil: 

Santa Catarina. [Fig. 19.131 ..................................... B. rupium 

74. Staminate tepals 4. 

76. Stem short with few internodes; placentas bilamellate. Siam. 

77. Blades ovate, triangular-acute. [Fig. 29.351 ........................... B. socia 

77. Blades elliptic, broadly rounded and apiculate. [Fig. 29.101 ........... B. smithiae 

78. Blades ovate, about twice as long as wide. Cultivated. State? [Fig. 29.361 . *B. rigida 

78. Blades oblong, about 3 times as long as wide. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 29.261. .... B. bradei 

76. Stem elongate with numerous internodes; placentas simple. Brazil. 

Subkey 30 

1. Bracts persistent. 

2. Margins double-dentate or sublobate. 

3. Blades more than 3 times as long as wide. 

5. Staminate tepals 4; pistillate tepals 6. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.13 ... *B. dietrichiana 

.5. Staminate and pistillate tepals each 2. Peru. [Fig. 30.21. ................. "B. faZct$olia 

6. Blades rounded-subtruncate at base; capsule-wings acute below. Philippines. [Fig. 27.221 . . 

........................................................... B.subtruncata 

6. Blades cordate or semicordate at base; capsule-wings rounded below. 

7. Capsule-bvings equal or subequal. Mexico and Guiana to Peru. [Fig. 20.211 . . B. semiovata 

7. Capsule-kvings very unequal. Central America: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama to Surinam, 

Colombia, and Venezuela. [Fig. 20.221 ................................. B.filipes 

4. Petioles only 2-3 times shorter than the blades. 

4. Petioles 3-10 times shorter than the blades. 

3. Blades distinctly less than 3 times as long as wide. 

8. Blades completely glabrous or only sparsely ciliate on the margins. 

9. Stipules persistent. 

10. Upper internodes short, covered by the stipules. Peru. [Fig. 20.91 ...... B. obtecticaulis 
106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

10. Upper internodes elongate; stipules all remote. Africa: Angola. [Fig. 30.31 B. angolensis 

1 1. Anthers clavate. British Solomon Islands. [Fig. 27.271 .............. B. salomonensis 

1 1. Anthers linear. 

12. Staminate tepals deltoid, acute. Madagascar. [Fig. 30.41 ............ B. majungaensis 

12. Staminate tepals broadly ovate, rounded. Peru. [Fig. 30.51 .............. B. lucifuga 

1 3. Stipules deciduous; inflorescence dense, few-flowered; ovary 4-celled; capsule-wings subequal, small. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 20.1 I] ............................. B. tetragona 

13. Stipules persistent. 

9. Stipules deciduous; staminate tepals 2. 

8. Blades more or less vestite above or beneath. 

14. Blades acute to obtuse. 

15. Stipules glabrous. 

16. Blades vestite above. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 30.61 ...................... B. sylvatica 

16. Blades vestite on the nerves beneath. Bolivia. [Fig. 30.71 ........... B. unduavensis 

17. Base tuberous; stem erect; anthers obovate. Bolivia, Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 ........ 

....................................................... B.micranthera 

17. Base narrow; stem prostrate, then ascending; anthers linear. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 

15. Stipules ciliate; peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves. 

20.41 ..................................................... B. lindmanii 

14. Blades acuminate. 

18. Staminate tepals 2. 

19. Largest capsule-wing semiorbicular, as high as wide; staminate tepals suborbicular. Cult. 

19. Largest capsule-wing about twice as wide as high; staminate tepals narrow. Central 

Madagascar. [Fig. 27.361. ...................................... ?B. humilis 

America: Nicaragua, Panama to Surinam, Colombia, and Venezuela. [Fig. 20.221 .... 

............................................................ B.filipes 

18. Staminate tepals 4. 

20. Anthers linear or oblong. 

2 1. Blades irregularly crenate-serrate, deeply cordate. Africa: Etiopia. [Fig. 27.281 ..... ........................................................ B.abyssinica 

2 1. Blades sublobate, shallowly cordate. Paraguay. [Fig. 30.81 ............ B.fiebrigii 

20. Anthers obovoid. 

22. Pistillate tepals 3; capsule-wings all narrow; plant to 2.5 m high. Mexico. [Fig. 30.91 

........................................................ B.candollei 

22. Pistillate tepals 5; at least the largest capsule-w4ng broad; plant low. Bolivia, Argentina. 

[Fig. 28.331 ............................................. B. micranthera 

2. Margins regularly cut to entire. 

23. Blades rounded or subtruncate at base, sometimes retuse, but not notably cordate. 

24. Blades 12 times as long as the 6 mm long petiole, 3-4 times as long as wide; stipules setiferous 

24. Blades 1-5 times as long as the petiole. 

at apex; staminate tepals 2. Indonesia: Lingga Arch. [Fig. 27.231 ............ B. axillaris 

25. Blades broadly subacute, crenate. Brazil: Ceara. [Fig. 17.171 ........... B. pilderifolia 

25. Blades acuminate. 

26. Pistillate tepals 5, more than 4 times as long as wide; capsule-wings large, unequal. 

27. Blades oblique to petiole. Bolivia. [Fig. 30.101 .................... B. unilateralis 

27. Blades transverse to petiole. Peru. [Fig. 30.1 I] ..................... B. stenotepaza 
NUMBER 60 107 

26. Pistillate tepals 4 or 6, less than twice as long as wide; capsule-wings vestigial; capsule 3- 

lobed. 

28. Pistillate tepals 4. India. [Fig. 30.121 ................................ B. inflata 

28. Pistillate tepals 6. Malaya. [Fig. 20.81 .............................. B. tricornis 

30. Stipules ovate, acute, imbricate, to 40 mm long. Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 17.251 ..... 

30. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, separate, 6 mm long. Cult. Madagascar ...... ?B. humilis 

3 1. Capsules T..vingless; stipules persistent. Mauritius. [Fig. 30.131 ............ B. salaziensis 

33. Basal blade-sinus narrow, V-shaped. Malaya. [Fig. 30.141 ................ B. debilis 

33. Basal blade-sinus broad, U-shaped. Siam. [Fig. 28.531. ................. B. haniffii 

Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.11 ............................. *B. dietrichiana 

23. Blades distinctly cordate or semicordate at base. 

29. Staminate tepals 2. 

....................................................... B. konder-reisiana 

29. Staminate tepals 4. 

3 1. Capsules alate. 

32. Wings strongly unequal; ovary 2-celled. 

32. Wings equal or subequal; ovary 3-celled. 

34. Mature blades regularly and closely serrate, 3 times as long as wide; anthers oblong. 

34. Mature blades entire or subentire, about twice as long as wide; anthers obovoid. 

35. Inflorescence densely many-flowered; stem stout. Cultivated. Brazil. [Fig. 30.151. .... 

35. Inflorescence very laxly few-flowered; stem very slender. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 

......................................................... *B.dichroa 

30.161 .................................................. B. tenericaulis 

1. Bracts deciduous. 

36. Margins duplicate-dentate or sublobate. 

38. Staminate tepals 2; pistillate tepals 3. 

37. Blades distally triangular. 

39. Blades spiculiform-pilosulous above; largest capsule-wing suborbicular. Cult. Madagascar. 

39. Blades completely glabrous; largest capsule-wing ovate or subtriangular; stipules deciduous. 

[Fig. 27.361 .................................................... ?B. humilis 

40. Petioles 8-1 2 mm long, Bolivia. [Fig. 30.171. ......................... B. bridgesii 

40. Petioles 28-32 mm long. Peru. [Fig. 30.53 ........................... B. lucifuga 

38. Staminate tepals 4. 

4 1. Anthers obovoid. 

42. Blades about twice as long as wide, about as long as the petioles. Peru. [Fig. 30.181 ..... 

B.arrogans 42. Blades about 3 times as long as wide, 4-5 times as long as the petioles. Mexico. [Fig. 

30.191 ...................................................... B.incarnata 

43. Stipules large, conspicuous, persistent. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina. [Fig. 

30.201 ...................................................... B.angulata 

43. Stipules inconspicuous. 

44. Plant tuberous; leaf-axils bulblet bearing; capsule-wings subequal. Africa: Tanganyika. 

44. Plant non-tuberous. West Indies: Greater Antilles. 

45. Stamens 30-50; blades about twice as long as wide. 

........................................................... 

4 1. Anthers narrow, linear, oblong, or elliptic. 

[Fig. 30.211 .................................................... B. stolzii 
I08 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

46. Stipules persistent. 

47. Blades irregularly crenate-serrate with low projections. Haiti. [Fig. 30.221 ........ 

........................................................ B.abbottii 

47. Blades duplicate-dentate with the larger projections long and narrow. Cuba, [Fig. 

30.231 ................................................. B. maestrensis 

48. Blades obscurely undulate-crenulate, subtruncate at base. Jamaica. [Fig. 30.241 .... 

.......................................................... B.minor 

48. Blades strongly double-dentate to sublobate, deeply cordate at base. Haiti. [Fig. 

30.251 ................................................. B. notiophila 

49. Petioles to 75 mni long; blades irregularly crenate with low projections, about twice 

50. Stamens 20-22. [Fig. 30.261 ............................... B. brachypoda 

50. Statnens 5-7. [Fig. 30.271 .................................... B. bolleana 

49. Petioles to 40 mm long; blades double-dentate or sublobate with large projections, 

5 1. Pistillate bracteoles sharply serrate, ciliate; smaller capsule-wings 3-5 mm wide. Cuba, 

Jamaica. [Fig. 29.191 ....................................... B. acutifolia 

5 1. Pistillate bracteoles entire; smaller capsule-wings 0.5 mm wide. Haiti, Santo Doniingo. 

[Fig. 30.281 ............................................... B. plumieri 

46. Stipules quickly deciduous. 

45. Stamens 5-22. 

as long as wide. Haiti. 

mostly about 3 times as long as wide. 

37. Blades distally curving to a subacute to acuminate apex, mostly elliptic to oblong. 

52. Ovary- or capsule-wings strongly unequal (unknown in B. imperfecta and B. leucosticta). 

53. Stipules persistent. 

54. Staminate tepals 2. 

55. Blades about 3 times as long as wide, white-spotted. Philippines. [Fig. 20.151 ......... 

......................................................... ? B. leucosticta 

56. Blades only slightly oblique, finely double-dentate. Peru. [Fig. 20.121 . . B. juninensis 

56. Blades nearly transverse, coarsely double-dentate. Indonesia. 

55. Blades about 2 times as long as wide, concolorous. 

57. Anthers ellipsoid. Borneo ..................................... B. pendula 

57. Anthers globose, strongly zygomorphic. Celebes. [Fig. 30.291 ...... ?B. impetfecta 

.......................................................... B.arrogans 

59. Peduncles about equaling the petioles. Pernambuco. [Fig. 20.421 ......... B. pickelii 

60. Blades biacute. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.301 

60. Blades with the smaller end rounded. Rio de Janeiro, SaoO Paulo. [Fig. 30.311 ...... 

........................................................ B.angularis 

62. Blades about 3 times as long as wide, white-spotted. Philippines. [Fig. 20.151 ......... 

54. Staminate tepals 4. 

58. Blades sublobate with large broad projections, only slightly oblique. Peru. [Fig. 30.181 

58. Blades sinuate with broadly curved sinuses between the major projections. Brazil. 

59. Peduncles 2-3 times as long as the petioles. 

........................ B. riedelii 

53. Stipules deciduous. 

61. Staminate tepals 2. 

.?B. leucosticta ........................................................ 

62. Blades about 2 times as long as wide, concolorous. 
NUMBER 60 109 

63. Petiole 10 times shorter than the blade; anthers linear; connective produced, acute. 

Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 20.231 ............... B. carpinifolia 

63. Petiole to 4 times shorter than the blade. 

64. Anthers narrow, obovate-oblong or ovate-oblong; connective produced. 

65. Pistillate bracteoles deciduous; tepals as broad as long. Bolivia. [Fig. 30.171 ....... 

........................................................ B.bridgesii 

..................................................... B.magdalenae 

65. Pistillate bracteoles persistent; tepals distinctly longer than broad. Colombia.. ..... 

64. Anthers broad; connective not produced. 

66. Major blade-projections broadly rounded. British Solomon Islands. [Fig. 27.271 ... 

.................................................... B. salomonensis 

66. Major blade-projections acute to acuminate. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 30.291. ..... 

..................................................... ?B.imper)ecta 

........................................................ B.cymbalifera 

6 1. Staminate tepals 4. 

67. Pistillate tepals 3; anther-connective much produced. Colombia. [Fig. 16.161 ......... 

67. Pistillate tepals 5; anther-connective slightly produced. West Indies: Greater Antilles. 

68. Smaller capsule-wings hate, narrowly rounded; blades mostly cordate. Jamaica. 

69. Staminate tepals 12-15 mm long; stamens 30-50; styles 9'2 bifid. [Fig. 30.241 ...... 

.............................................................. B.minor 

69. Staminate tepals 7.5 mni long; stamens 8-10; styles bifid nearly to base. (B. purpurea 

Sw.) [Fig. 30.321 ......................................... B. jamaicensis 

70. Blades strongly oblique, cordate. [Fig. 30.331 .................... B. wrightiana 

70. Blades weakly oblique, broadly rounded to emarginate at base. [Fig. 12.161. ....... 

......................................................... B.cubensis 

52. Ovary- or capsule-wings equal, subequal, or lacking (unknown in B. imperfecta and B. 

68. Smaller capsule-wings obtusely angled; staminate tepals 7.5- 10 mm long. Cuba. 

leucosticta). 

7 1. Blades truncate or subtruncate at base. 

72. Blades 4 times as long as wide; capsule wingless. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 30.341. ...... ............................................................. B.aptera 

72. Blades about 3 times as long as wide. 

73. Petioles about 5 times shorter than the blades; capsule wingless. India. [Fig. 30.121 .... 

73. Petioles 10 times shorter than the blades; capsule alate. Philippines. [Fig. 27.221 ...... 

........................................................ B.subtruncata 

............................................................ B.inflata 

7 1. Blades distinctly cordate or semicordate at base. 

74. Staminate tepals 2. 

75. Major blade-projections rounded, sublobate; blades white-spotted. 

76. Stem very stout with internodes shorter than the stipules. India. [Fig. 30.351. ....... 

......................................................... " B.dipetala 

76. Stem very slender with internodes many times longer than the stipules. Philippines. 

[Fig. 20.151 ............................................... ?B. leucosticta 

75. Major blade-projections acute or acuminate; stem geniculate. 

77. Blades strongly oblique to transverse. Indonesia: Celebes. 

1896 [Fig. 5.181 ......................................... B. bonthainensis 
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

19 13 [Fig. 30.291 ......................................... ?B. impe$ecta 

77. Blades only slightly oblique. 

78. Ovary 4-celled, 4-winged. China. [Fig. 20.1 11. .................... B. tetragona 

78. Ovary 3-celled, 3-winged. 

79. Blades finely toothed, the major projections at the nerve ends but slightly larger than 

the minor. New Guinea. [Fig. 30.361 .......................... B. stilandra 

79. Blades coarsely toothed. Philippines. [Fig. 30.371 ............... B. platyphylla 

74. Staminate tepals 4. 

80. Peduncles exceeding the petioles. 

8 1. Placentas bilamellate; blades broadly cordate. Ecuador, Peru. [Fig. 30.381 .......... ......................................................... B.piurensis 

82. Stipules persistent; staminate tepals glabrous. [Fig. 30.391 ........ B. catharinensis 

82. Stipules deciduous; outer staminate tepals vestite. [Fig. 29.231 ..... B. isopterocarpa 

8 1. Placentas simple; blades mostly emarginate at base. Brazil: Santa Catarina. 

80. Peduncles about equaling the petioles or shorter. 

83. Ovary turbinate. 

84. Ovary long and narrow; wings vertical. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.401 ........ ........................................................ " B.coccinea 

85. Peduncles about equaling the petioles; ovary 3-celled. Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 

30.4 11 ............................................... B. trispathulata 

85. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles; ovary 4-celled. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 

20.111 .................................................. B. tetragona 

83. Ovary ellipsoid or globose. 

86. Ovary beaked at apex. Mexico. [Fig. 30.421 ...................... B. oaxacana 

86. Ovary rounded at apex. 

87. Blades rounded opposite the apex. India. [Fig. 20.71 ................. B. fallax 

84. Ovary much wider than high. 

87. Blades acute opposite the apex. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 20.401 ............. 

.................................................. B. pseudolubbersii 

36. Margins finely and subregularly cut to entire. 

88. Margins finely and subregularly cut. 

89. Staminate tepals 2 or the inner hidden by the stamens. 

90. Petiole 5-15 mm long, about 10 times shorter than the blade; staminate tepals narrowly 

ovate; connective-extension linear, more than twice as long as the anther. Colombia [Fig. 

16.1 13 ......................................................... B. extensa 

90. Petiole 15-50 mm long; staminate tepals orbicular to reniform. 

91. Peduncles much longer than the leaves. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 30.431 ... B. altoperuviana 

9 1. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Central America: Guatemala. [Fig. 20.301. ......... ...................................................... B.convallariodora 

89. Staminate tepals 4. 

92. Petiole 4 or more times shorter than the blade. 

93. Staminate pedicels narrowly turbinate, thickened upward from a slender base. Ecuador, 

Peru. [Fig. 29.201 ........................................... B.fuchsiiflora 

93. Staminate pedicels very slenderly cylindric throughout. 

94. Capsule-wings very unequal; inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous. 

95. Pistillate tepals 2 or 3. Central America: Guatemala. [Fig. 20.301 . B. convallariodora 
NUMBER 60 111 

95. Pistillate tepals 5. Brazil: Espirito Santo. [Fig. 30.441 .............. B. admirabilis 

94. Capsule-appendages equal or subequal or the inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. 

96. Blade acute at apex and at opposite end; ovary ellipsoid. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

20.401 ............................................... B. pseudolubbersii 

96. Blade acuminate at apex and broadly rounded at opposite end. 

97. Ovary turbinate, equally 3-horned; inflorescence 4 times dichotomous. Venezuela. 

[Fig. 30.451 ................................................ B. lipolepis 

97. Ovary ellipsoid, unequally trialate; inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. Ecuador. 

[Fig. 20.61 ............................................... B. consobrina 

98. Ovary turbinate; pistillate tepals 5. Colombia. [Fig. 30.461 ............... B. cornuta 

98. Ovary ovoid or ellipsoid. 

99. Pistillate tepals 2. Colombia. [Fig. 30.471 ........................ B. cryptocarpa 

99. Pistillate tepals 5. 

100. Stipules deciduous; ultimate branches of inflorescence racemose. Peru. [Fig. 3.361 . . ....................................................... B.mayasiana 

100. Stipules persistent, ample; inflorescence wholly dichotomous. Brazil. [Fig. 30.481 ... 

92. Petiole from about equaling the blade to 3 times shorter. 

........................................................ B.peristegia 

88. Margins obscurely and laxly dentate to entire. 

101. Staminate tepals 2. 

102. Blades white-spotted. 

103. Margin strongly undulate; spots many, small, round; capsule-wings decurrent. Brazil. 

[Fig. 30.491 ................................................ *B. corallina 

103. Margin not undulate; spots few, large, oblong. British Solomon Islands. 

104. Staminate tepals broadly ovate, flat; anthers oblong. [Fig. 20.291 ........ B. weigallii 

104. Staminate tepals orbicular, cucullate; anthers obovoid. [Fig. 20.131 .... B. somemillei 

102. Blades concolorous. 

105. Capsule-wings distinctly unequal. 

106. Smaller capsule-wings narrowly linear; pistillate tepals 5. Venezuela. [Fig. 30.501 .... 

............................................................. B.laxa 

106. Smaller capsule-wings semiorbicular. 

107. Stipules persistent, elliptic, large, membranous, red. Bolivia. [Fig. S36] ........... 

107. Stipules deciduous. Peru. 

....................................................... B.juntasensis 

108. Blades acuminate; largest capsule-wing semiorbicular. [Fig. 20.281 ...... B. glauca 

108. Blades acute or apiculate; largest capsule-wing broadly ovate with nearly straight 

ascending upper margin ................................. B. pseudoglauca 

109. Petioles 6 mm long or about 12 times shorter than the blade; staminate tepals oblong, 

1.5 mm long. Indonesia: Lingga Archipelago. [Fig. 27.231 ............. B. axillaris 

109. Petioles 10-30 mm long, 5-6 times shorter than the blades; staminate tepals broadly 

elliptic or orbicular, 7- 15 mm long. 

110. Stipules persistent, blades 4 times as long as wide, narrowly triangular above. Bolivia. 

[Fig. 30.5 11 .............................................. B. subcaudata 

110. Stipules deciduous; blades less than 3 times as long as wide, rounded and then 

acuminate above. Philippines. [Fig. 30.521 ...................... B. negrosensis 

105. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 
112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

10 1. Staminate tepals 4, rarely 3. 

1 1 1. Capsule wingless or barely ridged; anthers linear or oblong. 

1 12. Pistillate tepals 5, -3 mm long. Java. [Fig. 27.251 .................... B. trisulcata 

112. Pistillate tepals 6, 14-16 mm long. China: Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwantung, Hainan. [Fig. 

30.531 ................................................... B. crassirostris 

1 1 1. Capsule with well-developed wings. 

1 13. Capsule-wings distinctly unequal. 

1 14. Stipules ample, persistent, spreading to reflexed. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo. [Fig. 

30.311 .................................................... B.anguZaris 

114. Stipules 10 mm long. Colombia. [Fig. 16.1 I] ........................ B. extensa 

1 15. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous, few-flowered. 

11 3. Capsule-wings equal or subequal. 

116. Staminate tepals 8-9 mm long; capsule-wings subtriangular. Siam. [Fig. 30.541 ..... B.grantiana 

116. Staminate tepals 22-25 mm long; capsule-wings lunate. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

20.401 .............................................. B. pseudolubbersii 

1 17. Blades concolorous green above, red beneath. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.551 . , . . , , . . ...................................................... *B.sanguinea 

1 17. Blades finely white-spotted above. 

......... *B. maculata 

1 18. Peduncle decurved; blades acuminate. Cultivation. State? [Fig. 30.491 *B. corallina 

........................................................ 

1 15. Inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous, many-flowered. Brazil. 

1 18. Peduncle erect; blades acute. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.561 

Subkey 31 

1. Blades evenly serrate to entire. 

2. Blades acuminate. 

3. Outer tepals glabrous. 

4. Petioles bearing lacerate scales. Sumatra. [Fig. 3 1.13. .................... B. sychnantha 

4. Petioles bearing simple hairs. 

5. Pistillate tepals 5; ovary 3-celled. Colombia. [Fig. 31.21 .................. B. pastoensis 

5. Pistillate tepals 6; ovary 2-celled. Malaya. [Fig. 28.371 ................... B. Zeucantha 

6. Ovary 2-celled. Malaya. [Fig. S37] .................................... B. Zowiana 

6. Ovary 3-celled. 

3. Outer tepals vestite. 

7. Bracts attenuate, entire; indument of simple hairs. Brazil: Santa Catarina? [Fig. 29.81 ..... 

............................................................. * B.scha~fii 

7. Bracts suborbicular, fimbriate; indument stipitate-grandular. Mexico. [Fig. 31.31. ........ * B.viscida .............................................................. 

2. Blades broadly rounded or subacute to apiculate. 

8. Outer tepals variously vestite or uneven. 

9. Capsule wingless. Ecuador. [Fig. 3 1.41 .................................. B. exalata 

9. Capsule alate. 

10. Outer tepals minutely verrucose; inflorescence 6-7 times dichotomous. Venezuela. [Fig. 

3 1.51 ...................................................... B. verruculosa 

10. Outer tepals pubescent or glandular-hispid; inflorescence once dichotomous. 
NUMBER 60 113 

1 1. Outer staminate tepals ovate, acute, 17-25 mm long, deep red, appressed-pubescent. 

1 1. Outer staminate tepals elliptic, rounded, 6 mm long, pale rose, glandular-hispid. Peru. 

Ecuador. [Fig.8.38] ............................................ * B. froebelii 

[Fig. 3 1.61 ................................................... B. bifurcata 

12. Cauline leaf single, suborbicular, 2 cm long. China: Yunnan ............... B. parvula 

8. Outer tepals glabrous, even. 

12. Cauline leaves several; blade much more than 2 cm long. 

13. Pistillate flowers solitary, basal. 

14. Staminate tepals 2; filaments half connate into a column. (B. dielsiana Gilg, non E. Pritzel.) 

Africa: Cameroon ......................................... B. cameroonensis 

14. Staminate tepals 4. Borneo. [Fig. 26.1 51 ............................ B. adenodes 

13. Pistillate flowers numerous; evenly distributed; inflorescence 4-6 times dichotomous; 

15. Hairs in a dense ring at the top of the petiole, sparse elsewhere; pistillate tepals narrow, 

15. Hairs laxly and rather evenly distributed along the petiole. 

placentas simple. 

attenuate. Venezuela. [Fig. 29.91 ................................. B. otophylla 

16. Blades truncate at base or very shallowly cordate. Venezuela. [Fig. 31.71 ... B. scabrida 

16. Blades deeply cordate at base. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 9.51 ................. B. subacida 

1. Blades doubly dentate or serrate, or sublobate. 

17. Blades broadly rounded or subacute to apiculate. 

18. Placentas simple or sometimes slightly bifid. 

19. Petiole indument partly of spreading or reflexed scales. Brazil. 

20. Blades bullate. Bahia. [Fig. 31.91. .............................. B. neocomensium 

20. Blades even. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 3 I. 101 ............................. B. paleata 

21. Outer tepals suborbicular. Brazil. [Fig. 29.61 .......................... B. huegelii 

2 1. Outer tepals elliptic-oblong. Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig.3 1.1 13. .......... B. dichotoma 

19. Petiole indument wholly of hairs. 

18. Placentas completely bilamellate. 

22. Anthers obovoid. 

23. Blades with large white spots above; ovary 2-celled; capsule-wings equal. Burma. [Fig. 

31.121 .......................................................... B.rockii 

23. Blades concolorous above; ovary 3-celled; capsule-wings subequal to very unequal; base 

tuberous. 

24. Tepals -3 cm long. 

23. Blades sublobate with broadly rounded major projections; tepals rose. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 

25. Blades duplicate-serrate; tepals white. Africa: Nyassaland. [Fig. 3 1.131 .... B. nyassensis 

28.321 ...................................................... *B. clarkei 

26. Bracts lanceolate. Burma, Singapore ............................ B. parvuliflora 

[Fig. 28.61 .................................................. B. tafiensis 

24. Tepals much less 3 cm long. 

26. Bracts broadly elliptic or suborbicular. 

27. Blades suborbicular, only slightly oblique; leaves, stem, and peduncle hirsute. Argentina. 

27. Blades narrower, some strongly oblique. Bolivia, Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 ........... 

....................................................... B.micranthera 

22. Anthers narrow. 

28. Peduncle shorter than the leaves. 
114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

29. Blades sparsely pilose above. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 20.41 ............ B. lindmanii 

29. Blades glabrous above (anthers narrow in description). Africa: Nyassaland. [Fig. 3 1.131 . 

.......................................................... ?B.n~assensis 

........................................................... B.parcifolia 

28. Peduncle exceeding the leaves. 

30. Blades pubescent on the nerves beneath; tepals all glabrous. Ecuador. [Fig. 1.61 ....... 

30. Blades densely lanate beneath; outer tepals lanate. 

31. Outer staminate tepals ovate, acute, to 30 mm long, deep rose. Ecuador. [Fig. 8.381 

.......................................................... " B.froebelii 

3 1. Outer staminate tepals reniform, 6 mm long, white. Paraguay. [Fig.3 1.141 . B. balansae 

17. Blades acuniinate. 

32. Petioles vestite at apex with few or no hairs below. 

33. Placentas bilaniellate. 

34. Styles truncate, regular. Africa: Kenya. [Fig. 31.151 .................... B. keniensis 

34. Styles distinctly bifid, irregular. Bolivia, Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 ......... B. micranthera 

33. Inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous; stipules deciduous to 55 mm long. Brazil: Sao Paulo. 

[Fig. 3 1.81 .................................................. B. boraceiensis 

35. Inflorescence 2-4 times dichotomous. 

36. Stipules persistent,25-35 mm long; inflorescence 4 times dichotomous. Rio de Janeiro. 

[Fig. 3 1.161 ............................................... B. longibarbata 

36. Stipules deciduous, 7-8 mm long; inflorescence twice dichotomous. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 

3 1.171 ..................................................... B. reniformis 

33. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

32. Petiole with hairs generally distributed. 

37. Blades bullate; anthers linear or oblong. Indonesia: Sumatra. 

38. Blades duplicate-serrate with only the apex acuminate. [Fig.3 1.181 .......... B. bifolia 

38. Blades sinuate-sublobate with several acuminate projections. [Fig. 3 I. 191 ... B. beccariana 

39. Capsule-wings or horns equal or subequal. 

37. Blades even. 

40. Placentas simple. (B. fluuu W. Marais, non Irmscher.) Portuguese East Africa. 198 1. [Fig. 

28.91 .......................................................... B.flava 

Tanganyika. 196 1. [Fig. 30.2 11 ..................................... ?B. stolzii 

40. Placentas bilamellate. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 31.201 ................... B. discrepans 

39. Capsule-kvings distinctly unequal. 

41. Outer tepals glabrous. 

42. Stipules deciduous; plant tuberous-based. Mexico. 

43. Capsule-wings subtriangular; upper stem straight. [Fig. 28.241 .......... ?B. palmeri 

43. Capsule-wings broadly rounded; upper stem subgeniculate. [Fig. 28.601 ........... 

...................................................... 'jB.macdanielsii 

44. Tepals yellow; anthers subrectangular. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 25.121. . B. herteri 

44. Tepals white to rose; anthers obovoid to subquadrangular. 

45. Outer staminate tepals suborbicular; styles irregular. Bolivia, Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 

...................................................... B.micranthera 

42. Stipules persistent. 

45. Outer staminate tepals broadly ovate; styles regular. China: Yunnan ........ B. pi 

4 1. Outer tepals vestite. 
NUMBER 60 115 

46. Anthers linear or oblong. 

47. Largest capsule-wing about as wide as high, only about twice as wide as the smaller 

48. Outer tepals and capsule glandular; largest capsule-wing obtusely angled. [Fig. 29.121 

48. Outer tepals and capsule pubescent; all capsule-wings rounded. [Fig. 31.211 ....... 

47. Largest capsule-wing about twice as wide as high, several times wider than the 2 narrow 

49. Bracts linear or oblong. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina. [Fig. 29.1 11 ...... .......................................................... B.hispida 

49. Bracts broad. 

50. Pedicels short-pilose. Brazil: Santa Catarina; Argentina. [Fig. 3 1.221 ............ 

....................................................... B.per-dusenii 

50. Pedicels glandular-pilose. Cultivation. South America. [Fig. 3 1.231 ............. 

..................................................... * B.mollicaulis 

5 1. Stem short with few internodes; smaller capsule-wings many times narrower than the 

52. Ovary 3-celled. Kwangtung. [Fig. 31.241 ........................... B. fordii 

52. Ovary 2-celled. Yunnan. [Fig. 26.281 ....................... B. gagnepainiana 

wings. Brazil: Santa Catarina. 

........................................................ B.stenolepis 

....................................................... B.capanemae 

wings. 

46. Anthers obovoid or subglobose. 

largest. China. 

5 1. Stem elongate with numerous internodes. 

53. Stipules linear-lanceolate; capsule-wings all rounded. China. [Fig. 12.13 

53. Stipules broad. 

....................................................... 

54. Capsule-wings all triangular. Cultivation, origin unknown. [Fig. 4.181 

54. Capsule-wings all rounded. Mexico. [Fig. 3 1.31 .................. 

...................................................... 

.......... 

B. cathayana 

.......... 

B. metallica 

. . B. viscida 

Subkey 32 

1. Blades irregularly and densely cut, i.e., doubly dentate, doubly serrate or sublobate. 

2. Capsule-wings subequal to lacking. 

3. Capsule-wings very narrow or lacking. 

4. Petiole-trichomes spread out; blades with several acuminate points; capsule wingless, beakless. 

Java. [Fig. 32.11. ................................................... B. robusta 

4. Petiole-trichonies apical; blades with a single acuminate point; capsule narrowly winged, 

slenderly beaked. Central America: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. [Fig. 29.241 ............................................... B. udisilvestris 

3. Capsule-wings well developed. 

5. Anthers broad, obovoid to subglobose. 

6. Staminate tepals 3-4 mm long; inflorescence to 8 times dichotomous, very many-flowered; 

placentas simple. Colombia to Boliva. [Fig. 4.231 ...................... B. pamiflora 

6. Staminate tepals 15-25 mm long; inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous; placentas bilamellate. 

7. Blade acuminate, duplicate-dentate. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 3 1.201 ......... B. discrepans 

7. Blade broadly subacute, sublobate. Cultivated. Brazil? [Fig. 4.251. ..... ?*B. platanifolia 
116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5. Anthers linear or oblong. Brazil: Santa Catarina. 

8. Petiole-trichomes apical; blades duplicate-dentate. [Fig. 19.141 ............. B. lineolata 

8. Petiole-trichomes spread out; blades sublobate. [Fig. 32.21 ............ B. paruistipulata 

2. Capsule-wings distinctly unequal. 

9. Petiole-trichomes in an apical ring; staminate tepals 4. 

10. Placentas bifid; petiole-trichomes filamentous. East Africa: Kenya, Uganda. [Fig. 3 1.151 , . . 

............................................................. B.keniensis 

10. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

I 1. Blade-projections broadly rounded. Cultivation. 

12. hlajor blades suborbicular. [Fig. 32.31 .............................. *B. rutilans 

12. Major blades oblong. [Fig. 30.481 ................................ *B. peristegia 

13. Stem short; stipules persistent, attenuate, exceeding the internodes; inflorescence fewflowered, shorter than the leaves. Brazil. [Fig. 24.3 11 ................... B. neglecta 

1 3. Stem elongate; stipules deciduous, obtuse, shorter than the internodes; inflorescence manyflol\ered, exceeding the leaves. Cultivation. [Fig. 32.41 ................. *B. valida 

1 1. Major blade-projections acute. 

9. Petiole-trichonies spread out. 

14. Blades bullate or foveolate. 

15. hlargin with several acuminate projections. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 3 1.193 ........... 

........................................................... B.beccariana 

15. ,Margin with only the apex acuminate. India. [Fig. 32.51 ................. B. foveolata 

16. Staminate tepals 2. 

14. Blades even between the nerves. 

17. Blades with lateral acuminate projections; flowers many in dense clusters at the ends of 

the branches; basal bracts large, covering the young inflorescence. Central America. 

1853 [Fig. 4.551 ............................................ B. involucrata 

1908 [Fig. 22.141 ............................................. B. copeyana 

1927 [Fig. 32.61 ............................................... B. valerioi 

17. Blades without lateral acuminate projections; flowers few and lax at the ends of the 

branches. 

18. Blades acuminate. 

19. Margin t-ed-ciliate. China. [Fig. 5.341 ............................ ?B. villifolia 

19. Margin eciliate or the cilia colorless. 

20. Stem tuberous at base. Mexico. [Fig. 32.71 .................... ?B. ornithocarpa 

20. Stem cylindric. 

2 1. Blade-lobes few, subapical, long-attenuate, with broad, flat sinuses. Guatemala to 

Costa Rica. [Fig. 32.81. ................................... B. involucrata 

2 1. Blade-lobes Ivith narrow sinuses. Mexico to Colombia. [Fig. 22.421 ............. 

.................................................... *B.sericoneura 

18. Blades broadly subacute to rounded. 

22. Staminate tepals vestite. Peru. 

23. Indument of hairs. [Fig. 32.91 ................................ B. lophoptera 

23. Indument of scales. [Fig. 32.101 ............................... B. peltigera 

22. Staminate tepals glabrous. 

24. Major blade-projections rounded; staminate tepals 25 mm long. Cultivated. Brazil? 

[Fig. 4.251 ............................................ ?*B. platanifolia 
NUMBER 60 117 

24. Major blade-projections broadly subtriangular; staminate tepals 7-8 mm long. Mexico. 

[Fig. 32.1 13 ............................................. B. sarcophylla 

26. Margins red-ciliate. China. [Fig. 5.341 ............................. ?B. villifolia 

16. Staminate tepals 4. 

25. Blades acuminate or narrowly triangular toward apex. 

26. Margins not red-ciliate. 

28. Margin sublobate. 

29. Ovary 2-celled. Burma, Singapore ......................... ?B. parvuliflora 

29. Ovary 3-celled. 

30. Stem simple; inflorescence few-flowered; base tuberous. Mexico. [Fig. 32.71 ..... 

30. Stem branched; inflorescence many-flowered; tepals narrow, acute; stamens on a 

long column. Peru. [Fig. 4.471 ............................ B. monadelpha 

31. Smaller wings lacking; capsule turbinate. Java. [Fig. 32.11 ............ B. robusta 

3 1. Smaller wings present; largest wing much wider than high. 

32. Placentas bilamellate. China: Kweichow. [Fig. 32.121 ....... ?B. kouy-tcheouensis 

32. Placentas simple. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 32.131 .................... B. vicina 

33. Blade-margins red-ciliate. China. [Fig. 5.341 ...................... ?B. villifolia 

33. Blade-margins eciliate or with colorless cilia. 

27. Smaller capsule-wings vestigial or lacking, not more than 1 mm wide at most. 

................................................... ?B. ornithocarpa 

28. Margin duplicate-dentate. 

2f. Smaller capsule-wings well developed, more than 1 mm wide centrally. 

34. Outer tepals strongly vestite. 

3.5. Indument glandular; blades long-ciliate; placentas bilamellate. Mexico. [Fig. 3 1.31 

35. Indument non-glandular. 

........................................................ B.viscida 

36. Placentas bilamellate. Siam ................................ B. subvim'dis 

36. Placentas simple. Brazil. Sao Paulo .......................... B. toledoana 

34. Outer tepals glabrous or glabrescent. 

37. Anthers obovoid. 

38. Indurnent glandular. Guatemala, Costa Rica. [Fig. 4. 101. ............ B. ignea 

38. Indument filamentous or stellate. Africa: Congo. ............... B. bequaertii 

39. Placentas simple. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 32.131 ................... B. vicina 

3 9. P 1 acen tas bi la m e 1 late . 

40. Pistillate bracteoles lacking. Ecuador. [Fig. 1.61 ............... B. parcifolia 

40. Pistillate bracteoles present. West Indies. 

4 1 . Larger capsule-wing subacuminate; pistillate bracteoles linear. Southern Lesser 

Antilles. [Fig. 32.141 ..................................... B. obliqua 

4 1. Larger capsule-wing broader; pistillate bracteoles ovate or obovate. 

42. Anthers retuse; pistillate bracteoles obovate. Northern Lesser Antilles. [Fig. 

32.151 ................................................ B. retusa 

42. Anthers apiculate with slightlj produced connective; pistillate bracteoles ovate. 

Cuba. 

43. Blades slightly oblique, rounded or emarginate at base; petioles 3-8 nini long. 

[Fig. 12.161 ......................................... B. cubensis 

37. Anthers oblong or elliptic. 
118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

43. Blades mostly transverse, deeply cordate at base; petioles much longer. [Fig. 

30.331 ........................................... B. wrightiana 

44. Blades duplicate-dentate; ovary 2-celled. Burma, Singapore .......... B. parouliflora 

44. Blades sublobate; anthers ellipsoid or obovoid. 

45. Outer staminate tepals to 25 mm long, suborbicular; larger blade-projections rounded. 

Cultivation. Brazil? [Fig. 4.251 .............................. ?*B. PZatanifoZia 

45. Outer staminate tepals 3-10 mm long, vestite. 

46. Larger blade-projections broadly rounded. Siam. [Fig. 32.161 .......... B. murina 

46. Larger blade-projections angular. China: Kweichow. [Fig. 32.121 ................ 

25. Blades apically broadly acute, or rounded, or apiculate; placentas bilamellate. 

.................................................. ?B. kouy-tcheouensis 

1. Blades evenly serrate or crenate to entire. 

47. Capsule-wings subequal to nearly lacking. 

48. Outer tepals vestite. 

49. Blades bullate. Java .............................................. ?B. areolata 

49. Blades even. 

50. Blades with a prominent median white strip, acute at both ends. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul; 

Paraguay and Argentina. [Fig. 14.4 13 ................................ *B. Zistada 

50. Blades concolorous, rounded except at apex. 

5 1. Inflorescence once dichotomous or fasciculate. 

52. Inflorescence with only 2 basal branches; flowers large, solitary at the ends of the 

branches. Malaya. [Fig. 32.171 ................................ ?B. Zongicaulis 

52. Inflorescence with at least 3 basal branches; flowers small, densely clustered at the ends 

of the branches. Sumatra. [Fig. 3 1.11 ............................ B. sychnantha 

5 1. Inflorescence more than once dichotomous. 

53. Capsule-wings broad, rounded; anthers cuneate-oblong. Brazil. 

54. Petioles sulcate, stellate-pubescent; placentas bilamellate. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 32.181 

....................................................... B.kuhZmannii 

54. Petioles even, bearing very large, amplexicaul scales toward apex; placentas simple. S~O 

Paulo. [Fig. 32.191 ................................... B. caraguatatubensis 

53. Capsule-appendages narrow. 

55. Ovary globose, narrowly triangular-alate; indument of scales. Brazil: Santa Catarina. 

[Fig. 32.201 ................................................ B. schenckii 

55. Ovary turbinate, horned, surmounted by a long column; indument of hairs. Colombia. 

[Fig. 32.2 11 ............................................... B. ferruginea 

56. Placentas simple; stem branched, woody; inflorescence many-flowered; leaves minutely 

56. Placentas bilamellate. 

48. Outer tepals glabrous or glabrescent. 

stellate. Brazil: Minas Gerais. [Fig. 10.21 ................................. B. grisea 

57. Petioles with large amplexicaul, lacerate bracts. Mexico. [Fig. 3.21 ........ *B. manicata 

57. Petioles bearing simple hairs. 

58. Capsules with a long, apical column. 

59. Capsules with long, ascending horns; petiole-trichomes spread out. Peru. [Fig. 29.151 

............................................................. B.hirta 

59. Capsules with narrow, decurrent wings; petiole-trichomes apical. Central America: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 29.241. ...... B. udisilvestris 

58. Capsules without an apical column; wings broadly rounded. 
NUMBER 60 119 

60. Peduncle and branches membranous-alate; inflorescence few-flowered. Fiji Islands. [Fig. 

60. Peduncle and branches wingless; inflorescence many-flowered. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 

32.221 ...................................................... B. vitiensis 

29.321 ...................................................... *B.venosa 

62. Petiole-trichome single, collar-shaped. Minas Gerais. [Fig. 29.281 ............. B. collaris 

63. Blades finely reticulate; staminate tepals 4. [Fig. 32.231 ................... B. gehrtii 

47. Capsule-wings strongly unequal. 

6 1. Petiole-trichomes an apical ring; placentas simple. Brazil. 

62. Petiole-trichomes few to many, cylindric. Sao Paulo. 

63. Blades not reticulate. 

64. Staminate tepals 4; petiole-trichomes many, elongate. [Fig. 32.241 ....... B. valdensium 

64. Staminate tepals 2; petiole-trichomes few, short. [Fig. 20.261 .............. *B. nuda 

6 1. Petiole-trichomes spread out along the petiole. 

65. Outer tepals vestite. 

66. Blades bullate; staminate tepals 2. Mexico. [Fig. 22.341 ................. B. pustulata 

66. Blades even; staminate tepals 4. 

67. Blades broadly rounded, or subacute, or apiculate at apex. 

68. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

69. Stem short; blades densely pilose; style-branches straight. Bahia. [Fig. 10.41 . . B. acida 

69. Stern elongate; blades sparsely pilose; style-branches spiral. State? [Fig. 29.361 ....... * B.rigida 

70. Blades transverse, elliptic. [Fig. 29.101 ............................ B. smithiae 

70. Blades slightly oblique, ovate. [Fig. 32.161 .......................... B. murina 

........................................................... 

68. Placentas bilamellate. Siam. 

67. Blades acuminate. 

7 1. Indument largely of scales. 

72. Ovary 2-celled. Burma. [Fig. 28.361 ............................. ?B. paleacea 

72. Ovary 3-celled. Philippines?. .................................. B. oxysperma 

73. Staminate tepals -8 mm long. 

7 1. Indunlent wholly of hairs. 

74. Placentas simple; staminate tepals 4. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 29.341 . B. epipsila 

74. Placentas bilamellate; staminate tepals 2. Bolivia. [Fig. 29.251. ........ B. buchtienii 

75. Stem glabrous; stipules oblong. Malaya. [Fig. 32.171 .............. ?B. longicaulis 

75. Stem glandular-pubescent; stipules ovate. Mexico. [Fig. 3 1.31. .......... B. viscida 

73. Staminate tepals 14- 18 mm long. 

65. Outer tepals glabrous or glabrescent. 

76. Blades broadly rounded, or subacute, or apiculate at apex. 

77. Placentas simple. 

78. Inflorescence once dichotomous. China: Kweichow ................... ?B. parvula 

78. Inflorescence 3-5 times dichotomous. 

79. Ovary 4-5-winged. Brazil: Bahia. [Fig. 10.11 ................ B. schlumbergerana 

79. Ovary 3-winged. 

80. Anthers obovoid, truncate; blades orbicular densely ciliate. New Guinea. [Fig. 23.251 

80. Anthers narrow, the connective produced, rounded; blades elliptic, not notably ciliate. 

8 1. Stipules deciduous, ovate-oblong, acute; largest capsule-wing twice as wide as high, 

....................................................... B.sharpeana 

Brazil. 
120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

the others vestigial. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 31.81. .................... B. boraceiensis 

8 1. Stipules persistent, obovate, retuse; largest capsule-wing higher than wide, the others 

well developed. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 32.253 ........................ B. curtii 

77. Placentas bilamellate. 

82. Largest capsule-wing as wide to much wider than high, the others very narrow. 

83. Anthers narrow; outer staminate tepals ovate; ovary 3-celled. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 

32.261 ................................................... B.pycnantha 

83. Anthers obovoid; outer staminate tepals orbicular; ovary 2-celled. India. 

84. Staminate tepals 4, pistillate tepals 5. [Fig. 28.341 ................. B. integrifolia 

84. Staminate tepals 2, pistillate tepals 3-4 ......................... B. nepalensis 

82. Largest capsule-wing not much if any wider than high, one or two others nearly as large. 

86. Stigmas lunate. Mexico, Guatemala. [Fig. 32.1 13 ................ B. sarcophylla 

86. Stigmas bicornute. Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 32.271 ........... 

...................................................... B.multinervia 

87. Inflorescence -5 times dichotomous. West Indies: Haiti, Dominican Republic. [Fig. 

32.281 ................................................. B. domingensis 

87. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous. 

88. Bracts deciduous. West Indies: Cuba. [Fig. 12.161 ................. B. cubensis 

88. Bracts persistent, ciliate. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 20.41 ........... B. lindmanii 

85. Staminate tepals 2. 

85. Staminate tepals 4. 

76. Blades acuminate. 

89. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous. 

90. Inflorescence 1 -2-flowered. 

9 1. Stem hirsute. China: Kweichow .................................. ?B. paroula 

91. Stem glabrous. Malaya. [Fig. 32.171 ........................... ?B. longicaulis 

92. Anthers narrow. 

90. Inflorescence more than 2-flowered. 

93. Ovary 2-celled. China: Yunnan. [Fig. 32.291 ........................ B. dryadis 

93. Ovary 3-celled. Cultivated. Origin unknown. [Fig. 32.301 ......... ?*B. stipulacea 

94. Petiole-trichomes largely scales; ovary 2-celled. Burma. [Fig. 28.361. ... ?B. paleacea 

94. Petiole-trichomes wholly hairs: ovary 3-celled. 

95. Capsule-wings all niarginiform. Colombia, Ecuador. [Fig. 3 1.21 ...... B. pastoensis 

95. Capsule-wings all broad. Siam. [Fig. 29.351 .......................... B. socia 

92. Anthers broad. 

89. Inflorescence 3-7 times dichotomous. 

96. Smaller capsule-wings linear. 

97. Blades laxly setose above; inflorescence 7 times dichotomous. Central America: Costa 

Rica. [Fig. 32.3 13 ......................................... B. corredorana 

97. Blades glabrous above; inflorescence 3-4 times dichotomous. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 

32.261 ................................................... B.pycnantha 

98. Outer staminate tepals 3 mm long: stipules persistent. Colombia, Ecuador. [Fig. 32.321 

98. Outer Staminate tepals 6-22 mm long; stipules deciduous. 

96. Smaller capsule-wings broader. 

........................................................ B.microcarpa 

99. Staminate tepals 2, 10 mm long. Madagascar. [Fig. 32.331 .............. B. ZyalZii 
NUMBER 60 121 

99. Staminate tepals 4. 

100. Placentas simple; outer staminate tepals 16-22 mm long. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 

100. Placentas bilamellate; outer staminate tepals 6-12.5 mm long. West Indies. 

32.341 ............................................ B. fernando-costae 

10 1. Pistillate bracteoles linear; largest capsule-wing subacuminate. Southern Lesser 

Antilles. [Fig. 32.141 ...................................... "B. obliqua 

10 1. Pistillate bracteoles broad; largest capsule-wing broader at apex. Northern Lesser 

Antilles. 

102. Capsule-wings acute. Guadeloupe. [Fig. 32.351 ................. B. odorata 

102. Capsule-wings subrounded. Dominica ..................... B. dominicalis 

Subkey 33 

1. Capsule-wings equal or lacking. 

2. Blades acuminate or attenuate. 

3. Blades white-spotted above, attenuate. South Africa. [Fig. 28.441. .............. *B. dregei 

3. Blades concolorous above, acuminate. 

4. Margins entire or evenly cut. 

5. Stem simple; stipules oblong-ovate, acuminate, -8 mm long; anthers narrowly obovoid. 

Philippines. [Fig. 27.71 ............................................. B. bolsteri 

5. Stem branched; stipules oblong-obovate, obtuse or mucronulate; anthers linear-oblong; 

inflorescence 5 times dichotomous. Peru. [Fig. 20.281 ..................... B. glauca 

6. Blades kvith rounded major projections, sublobate; anthers linear or oblong. Peru. [Fig. 33.11 

........................................................... B.tribracteata 

6. Blades with acute major projections, duplicate-dentate; anthers broader. 

7. Anthers elliptic, equaling the filaments; staminate tepals 5 mm long. Philippines. [Fig. 

30.371 ..................................................... B. platyphylla 

7. Anthers clavate or subglobose and truncate. Indonesia: Celebes. 

8. Staminate tepals broadly ovate, 7 mm long. [Fig. 30.291. .............. ?B. imperfecta 

8. Staminate tepals broadly elliptic or suborbicular, - 18 mm long. [Fig. 5.181 ........... 

........................................................ B. bonthainensis 

4. Margins duplicate-dentate or sublobate. 

2. Blades rounded or broadly acute or apiculate at apex. 

9. Blades suborbicular, only slightly oblique; margin sublobate. Cultivated. Brazil? [Fig. 4.251 

9. Blades narrower, strongly oblique to transverse. South Africa. 

............................................................ '"B.platanifolio 

10. Fruit baccate, wingless. Seychelles Islands, Indian Ocean. [Fig. 33.21 ...... B. seychellensis 

10. Fruit capsular, alate. South Africa: Natal. 

11. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, -14 mm long. [Fig. 33.31 ............... B. homonyma 

1 1. Stipules ovate or ovate-oblong. [Fig. 28.441 ............................. B. dregei 

1. Capsule-Lvings strongly unequal. 

12. Blades duplicate-dentate or sublobate. 

13. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous. 

14. Flowers many at the ends of stout branches; basal bracts very large. 

1.5. Plants strongly vestite; flowers fascicled at the ends of stout branchlets. Central America: 
122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 4.551 ................................. B. involucrata 

16. Basal bracts fused, basal scar continuous. [Fig. 33.41. ................ B. cyathophora 

16. Basal bracts separate, basal scar partial ............................. B. subciliata 

15. Plants glabrous; flowers 2 at the ends of slender branchlets. Peru. 

14. Flowers single or few at the ends of slender branches. 

1 7. Major blade-projections rounded, blade sublobate. 

18. Blades suborbicular, their sinuses acute; staminate tepals serrate, 25 mm long. Cultivated. 

Brazil? [Fig. 4.251 ......................................... ?*B. platanqolia 

18. Blades ovate or elliptic, their sinuses curved; staminate tepals entire, 10-20 mm long; 

placentas bilamellate. 

19. Pistillate tepals 2; blades elliptic, transverse, staminate tepals 10 mm long. Cultivation. 

Peru. [Fig. 33.51 ............................................... B. roezlii 

19. Pistillate tepals 4, rarely 3; blade ovate, slightly oblique; staminate tepals 15-20 mm long. 

Madagascar. [Fig. 33.61 ......................................... B. perrieri 

1 7. Major blade projections acute to acuminate; blade duplicate-dentate. 

20. Anthers subglobose. 

2 1. Plant low, soft with fibrous roots; blades pubescent above; bracts persistent; staminate 

tepals narrow. Central America: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama to Surinam, Colombia, 

Venezuela. [Fig. 20.221 ........................................... B.filipes 

2 1. Plant tall, half shrubby; blades glabrous; bracts deciduous; staminate tepals broader than 

long. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 30.291 ............................ ?B. impe$ecta 

20. Anthers narrower. 

22. Ovary unilocular; placentas parietal; anthers obovate-cuneate. Africa: Tanganyika .... ........................................................ B.pycnocaulis 

23. Major blade-projections attenuate. Mexico. [Fig. 33.71 ............... *B. purpusii 

23. Major blade-projections acute. 

24. Blades slightly oblique at most. Peru. [Fig. 20.121. ................ B. juninensis 

24. Blades strongly oblique to transverse. 

25. Major blade-projections 2-3; blades often white-spotted above. South Africa. [Fig. 

28.441 .................................................... " B.dregei 

25. Major blade-projections many; blades concolorous above. Indonesia: Celebes. [Fig. 

28.131 ............................................. B. strictipetiolaris 

22. Ovary trilocular; placentas central. 

13. Inflorescence 4-7 times dichotomous. 

26. Blades rounded, broadly acute, or apiculate at apex. 

27. Inflorescence-branches short and stout; largest capsule-wing much wider than high. Madagascar. [Fig. 33.81 ............................................... ?B. baronii 

27. Inflorescence-branches long and slender. 

28. 

28. 

Placentas simple. Brazil. [Fig. 30.61. ............................... ?B. sylvatica 

Placentas bilamellate. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 30.431 .................. B. altoperuviana 

26. Blades acurninate. 

29. Stipules persistent. Peru. [Fig. 33.91 ............................. B. subspinulosa 

29. Stipules deciduous. 

30. Mature blades completely glabrous, non-ciliate; largest capsule-wing 9- 10 mni wide. Peru. 

3 1. Outer basal lobe of blade covering apex of petiole; blade without cystospheres; largest 

capsule-wing ovate. [Fig. 33.1 O] ................................ B. viridiflora 
NUMBER 60 123 

3 1. Outer basal lobe of blade short, not covering apex of petiole; blade with cystospheres; 

largest capsule-tving semicordate on both sides ..................... B. glaucoides 

........................................................ B.carpini;folia 

33. Plant herbaceous 30-45 cm high; upper bracts obovate. [Fig. 21.211 .... B. bracteosa 

30. Mature blades ciliate. 

32. Blades slightly oblique. Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 20.231 .......... 

32. Blades strongly oblique to transverse. Peru. 

33. Plant shrubby to 3 m high; upper bracts linear. [Fig. 33.113 ....... B. suprafastigiata 

12. Blades entire or evenly cut. 

34. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous. 

35. Stipules persistent; blades acuminate. 

36. Internodes short. 

37. Bracts persistent to 1 cm long; staminate tepals 4. Mexico. [Fig. 33.121 ....... B. mazae 

37. Bracts deciduous, staminate tepals 2. 

38. Anthers obovate; capsule-wings reflexed. Central America: El Salvador. [Fig. 25.181. . , 

.......................................................... B.assurgens 

38. Anthers elliptic; capsule-wings very narrow. New Guinea. [Fig. 22.121. ..... B. rieckei 

39. Inflorescence once dichotomous, 2-flowered. Malaya. [Fig. 32-17] ....... B. longicaulis 

39. Inflorescence 3 times dichotomous, at least 8-flowered. Bolivia. [Fig. 33.131 .......... 

........................................................ B.santarosensis 

40. Basal bract single, cyathiform; flowers many at the end of each branch. Peru. [Fig. 33.41 

40. Basal bracts 2, distinct. 

36. Internodes 7-13 cm long. 

3.5. Stipules deciduous. 

.......................................................... B.cyathophora 

4 1. Blades only slightly oblique. Peru. [Fig. 20.121 ...................... B. juninensis 

4 1. Blades strongly oblique to transverse. 

42. Largest capsule-wing to 27 mni wide, more than twice as wide as high and twice as wide 

as the smaller wings; styles more than 2-branched. Bolivia. [Fig. 33.141 .... B.fissistyla 

42. Largest capsule-wing higher than wide, only slightly wider than the smaller ones. 

Indonesia: Celebes. 19 13. [Fig. 28.131 ....................... B. strictipetiolaris 

hew Guinea. 1948. [Fig. 33.151 ............................... B. brachyptera 

34. Inflorescence 4-6 times dichotomous. 

43. Blades acuminate. 

44. Placentas simple; stipules persistent; anthers linear. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 20.261. ...... 

............................................................... B.nuda 

44. Placentas bilamellate. 

4.5. Bracts persistent; stipules persistent, longer than the short, stout, upper internodes. 

Mexico. [Fig. 33.121 .............................................. B. marae 

45. Bracts deciduous. 

46. Blade slightly oblique, the larger basal lobe covering the apex of the petiole. Peru. [Fig. 

33.101 .................................................... B. viridiflora 

46. Blade stronglv oblique to transverse, the petiole not covered. 

47. Petioles 2 cm long; anthers broadly elliptic, the connective much produced; pistillate 

tepals 5. Venezuela. [Fig. 30.503 .................................... B. laxa 

47. Petioles 5-1 5 cm long; anthers oblong truncate; pistillate tepals 2. Central America: 
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Costa Rica, Panama. [Fig. 32.271 ............................. B. multineruia 

48. Staminate tepals 11-15 mm long; anthers suboblong; pistillate tepals 2. Peru. [Fig. 21.211 ............................................................ B.bracteosa 

48. Staminate tepals 5-8 mni long. 

49. Anthers elliptic; pistillate tepals 5 or possibly 4. Peru, Bolivia. [Fig. 30.431. ........... ....................................................... B.altoperuviana 

49. Anthers sublinear or cuneate; pistillate flowers unknown. Peru ....... B. pseudoglauca 

43. Blades broadly rounded, or acute, or apiculate at apex. 

Subkey 34 

1. Blades bi-oadlF rounded or acute or apiculate. 

2. Xlargins doublj dentate or sublobate. 

3. Inflorescence 4-6 times dichotomous. 

4. Margin doubly dentate; largest capsule-wing wider than high. Madagascar. [Fig. 33.81 ..... 

............................................................... ?B.baronii 

4. 14argin sublobate with very broadly acute projections, otherwise entire or obscurely dentate. 

Bra 7i 1. 

5. Largest capsule-wing wider than high. Bahia? [Fig. 32.41 .................. *B. valida 

5. Largest capsule-Ming as high as wide; stems sulcate. Bahia, Espirito Santo. [Fig. 30.61 ..... .............................................................. B.sylvatica 

3. Inflorescence 1-3 times dichotomous. 

ti. Stem short, exceeded by the petioles; inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous. 

7. Margin duplicate-dentate; stamens on a long column. India .............. B. tribenensis 

8. Larger blade-projections broadly rounded. Ecuador. [Fig. 4.131. ......... ?B. triramosa 

7. Margin sublobate. 

8. Larger blade-projections acute. China: KwTeichow. [Fig. 32.121 ...... B. kouy-tcheouensis 

6. Stem long, exceeding the petioles. 

9. Inflorescence once dichotomous. 

10. Anthers linear; stem cylindric. West Indies. 

11. Stem glabrous, branched; petioles glabrous. Haiti. [Fig. 34.11 

11. Stem rusty pilose, simple; petioles pilose. Cuba. [Fig. S38] .............. B. lomensis 

12. Placentas bilaniellate. Argentina. [Fig. 28-33] ..................... B. micranthera 

12. Placentas simple. India. [Fig. 34.21 ............................. B. concanensis 

13. Bracts large, persistent. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 20.41 ................ B. Zindmanii 

[Fig. 4.251 .............................................. ?*B. platanifolia 

[Fig. 34.31 ................................................... B. frigida 

16. Peduncles, branches, and pedicels elongate. East Africa: Nyassaland. [Fig. 3 1.131 ... 

........................................................ B. nyassensis 

............. B. exilis 

10. Anthers obovate. 

9. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. 

1 :1. Bracts minute or deciduous. 

14. Blades sublobate \I ith broad projections; bracts large, deciduous. Cultivation. Brazil? 

14. Blades duplicate-dentate. 

15. Capsule-wings truncate, angled; bracts unknown, presumably deciduous. Cultivation. 

15. Capsule-ivings rounded. 
NUMBER 60 125 

16. Peduncles, branches, and pedicels minimal. Ecuador, Peru. ....... B. albomaculata 

2. Margins entire or regularly cut. 

17. Inflorescence only once dichotomous. 

18. Ovary 2-celled; stem tuberous at base; peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves. 

19. Blades minutely lepidote beneath. Malaya. [Fig. 30.141 

20. Blades concolorous, green above, red beneath. [Fig. 30.541 ............. B. grantiana 

................... B. debilis 

19. Blades glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath. Sam. 

20. Blades pale-maculate above. 

21. Largest capsule-wing not more than twice as high as wide, obtuse; blade densely and 

regularly ciliate. [Fig. 28.521 ...................................... B. curtisii 

21. Largest capsule-wing more than twice as wide as high, narrowly subtriangular; blade 

glabrous or sparsely and irregularly ciliate. [Fig. 28.531 ................. B. hanifii 

18. Ovary 3-celled. 

22. Anthers obovoid; connective not produced; stem tuberous. India. 

23. Stamens nearly free. [Fig. 34.21 ................................ B. concanensis 

23. Stamens on a long column ..................................... B. tribenensis 

24. Stem simple, low; anther-connective slightly produced; blades thin. West Indies: Haiti. 

[Fig. 34.41 ................................................. ?B. glaberrima 

24. Stem shrubby with long branches; connective produced longer than the anther; blades 

thick. Colombia. [Fig. 16.1 I]. ...................................... B. extensa 

22. Anthers linear or oblong. 

17. Inflorescence 2-6 times dichotomous. 

25. Inflorescence 5-6 times dichotomous. Brazil. 

26. Stem short, with stout internodes; blades densely pubescent beneath; peduncle -40 cm 

long. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 10.31 ..................................... B. acetosa 

26. Stem elongate, with long, slender internodes. 

2’7. Placentas simple; blades soon glabrous beneath; bracts conspicuous. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 

29.61 ........................................................ B.huegelii 

27. Placentas bilamellate; blades pilose beneath; bracts minute. Espirito Santo. [Fig. 30.441 

......................................................... B.admirabilis 

25. Inflorescence 2-4 times dichotomous. 

28. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

29. Blades bullate, their basal sinus suborbicular. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 34.51 ........ B. moysesii 

29. Blades even, their basal sinus broadly V-shaped. 

30. Blades broadly elliptic, about as long as the petioles. Cultivation. [Fig. 32.31 ......... 

.......................................................... *B.rutilans 

30. Blades oblong-elliptic, 2-3 times as long as the petioles. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 20.471. ...... ........................................................ B. cornitepala 

3 1. Anthers obtriangular. Siam. [Fig. 34.61. ............................. B. rimarum 

3 1. Anthers linear to oblong. 

32. Internodes elongate, much longer than the petioles; connective much produced, setiform; 

capsule-appendages horn-like, equal; pistillate tepals 6. Colombia. [Fig. 32.211. ....... B.ferruginea 

32. Internodes short and stout, much shorter than the petioles. West Indies: Santo Domingo. 

[Fig. 34.71 .................................................. ?B. azuensis 

28. Placentas bilamellate. 

......................................................... 
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1. Blades acuminate. 

33. Margins doubly dentate or sublobate. 

34. Inflorescence 3-6 times dichotomous. 

35. Capsule-wings equal or lacking. 

36. Placentas parietal; capsule-wings lacking. Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Comoro Islands. [Fig. 

30.131 ...................................................... B. salaziensis 

36. Placentas central; capsule-wings present, equal. 

37. Capsule-wings linear, minimal; stem stout. Java. [Fig. 4.161 ........... B. multangula 

37. Capsule-wings triangular; stem slender. Brazil: Santa Catarina. [Fig. 32.21 ............ ....................................................... B.parvistipulata 

35. Capsule-icings present, unequal. 

38. Blades sublobate with broad major projections. 

39. Stipules persistent, pectinate; stem densely pubescent. French Guiana. [Fig. 20.101 ..... B.hirsuta 

39. Stipules deciduous, entire; stem glabrous. Eastern Brazil. [Fig. 4.171 ..... B. reniformis 

............................................................. 

38. Blades duplicate-dentate or undulate with narrow major projections. 

40. Stipules persistent; blades duplicate-dentate. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 20.41. ......... 

B.lindmanii 

4 1. Smaller capsule-wings linear, many times narrower than the largest. Colombia, Venezuela. 

[Fig. 3 1.1 11 ................................................ B. dichotoma 

41. Smaller capsule-wings well developed, half to two-thirds as wide as the largest. Lesser 

Antilles: St. Kitts. [Fig. 32.151 ...................................... B. retusa 

........................................................... 

40. Stipules deciduous. 

34. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous. 

42. Stipules persistent. 

43. Blades sublobate with broad major projections. 

44. Capsule-wings equal, minimal; stem stout, simple. Java. [Fig. 4.161 ...... B. multangula 

44. Capsule-wings unequal. 

45. Anthers linear to oblong. 

46. Stem densely pubescent; outer staminate tepals elliptic, broadly rounded; largest capsulewing ascending, subfalcate. French Guiana. [Fig. 20.101 ................ B. hirsuta 

46. Stern glabrous; outer staminate tepals broadly ovate, apiculate; largest capsule-wing 

spreading. Paraguay. [Fig. 30.81 ................................. B.Jiebrigii 

47. Blade-lobes acuminate; tepals yellow. India ........................ B. Pavijlora 

47. Blade-lobes broadly rounded or subacute; tepals white to roseate. 

45. Anthers obovoid. 

48. Stern elongate, much longer than the petioles. Argentina. [Fig. 28.331 ............ ...................................................... B.micranthera 

48. Stem much shorter than the petiole of the single leaf. Sam. [Fig. 34.81 . B. incondita 

49. Ovary 2-celled; capsule nutant, its smaller wings linear. Prince’s Island near Java. [Fig. 

28.141 ...................................................... B. tenuifolia 

49. Ovar) 3-celled. 

43. Blades duplicate-dentate or sinuate with narrow projections. 

50. Peduncles much longer than the leaves; bracts deciduous. West Indies. 

51. 

5 1. Filaments free. 

Filaments united in a column. Haiti. [Fig. 34.11 ....................... B. exilis 
NUMBER 60 127 

52. Stamens 20-22. Haiti. [Fig. 30.261 ........................... B. brachypoda 

52. Stamens 8-1 6. Cuba. [Fig. 12.161 ............................... B. cubensis 

50. Peduncles about equaling the leaves or shorter. 

53. Largest capsule-wing narrowly triangular. 

54. Blades subtruncate to broadly rounded at base; capsule-wings nearly equal. Lesser 

54. Blades deeply cordate with overlapping lobes covering much of the sinus; capsulewings distinctly unequal. West Africa: Kenya, Tanganyika. [Fig. 34.91 . *B. johnstonii 

55. Bracts persistent; outer staminate tepals broadly ovate. Brazil: Mato Grosso. [Fig. 20.41 

........................................................ B.lindmanii 

55. Bracts deciduous; outer staminate tepals oblong. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 34.101 

B.laevis 

56. Capsule wingless; placentas parietal. Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Comoro Islands. [Fig. 30.131 

........................................................... B. salaziensis 

56. Capsule alate; placentas central. 

57. Capsule 6-alate. Tropical West Africa: Gulf of Guinea: Annobon Island. [Fig. 27.351 

........................................................ B.annobonensis 

57. Capsule 3-alate. 

Antilles: St. Vincent. [Fig. 26.201 ............................. B. vincentina 

53. Largest capsule-wing broadly rounded. 

........................................................... 

42. Stipules deciduous. 

58. Anthers linear to oblong. 

59. Capsule ovate-oblong, its wings vertical, unequal. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 31.171 ..... ........................................................ B.reniformis 

59. Capsule broadly turbinate, its wings horizontal, equal. Colombia, Venezuela. [Fig. 30.4 11 

...................................................... B.trispathulata 

58. Anthers obovoid. 

60. Blades sublobate. 

6 1. Major projections broadly rounded. Mexico. [Fig. 28.231 ............. B. boissieri 

6 1. Major projections broadly acute; filaments forming a column. 

62. Blade ovate, transverse. Nepal, India, Burma. [Fig. 34.1 11 ......... B. megaptera 

62. Blade broadly elliptic, slightly oblique. Mexico. [Fig. 12.201 ...... B. rhodochlamys 

63. Stem very short with a single leaf; filaments forming a long column. India. ........ 

....................................................... B.tm'benensis 

63. Stem tall with may leaves. 

64. Pistillate tepals 3; capsule-wings subequal, narrow, decurrent. Mexico. [Fig. 30.421 

....................................................... B.oaxacana 

64. Pistillate tepals 5; capsule-wings very unequal, the largest much wider than high. 

65. Staminate tepals broadly rounded. Sumatra. [Fig. 34.121 .......... B. altissima 

65. Staminate tepals subacute. China: Taiwan. [Fig. S39] ............. B. chitoensis 

60. Blades duplicate-dentate. 

33. Margins regularly cut or undulate with narrow projections or entire. 

66. Capsule-wings nearly or quite equal or lacking. 

67. Placentas parietal; capsule-wings lacking. Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Comoro Islands. [Fig. 

30.131 ....................................................... B. salaziensis 

67. Placentas central; capsule-wings developed. 

68. Pistillate tepals 3. 
128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

69. Capsule broadly turbinate with a slender column; wings horn-shaped; stem elongate. 

Venezuela. [Fig. 34.131 ........................................ B. brevipetala 

69. Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid; wings flat, vertical; stem very short. Indonesia: Sumatra. [Fig. 

24.71 ...................................................... .B. caespitosa 

70. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous; stipules deciduous, crenulate at apex; basal bracts 

connate; placentas bilamellate. Mexico. [Fig. 28.231 .................... B. boissiem' 

70. Infloresence 3 or more times dichotomous. 

68. Pistillate tepals 5. 

7 1. Blades entire; stipules persistent; placentas simple. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.551 .......................................................... B.sanguinea 

......................................................... B.roxburghii 

7 1. Blades serrate; stipules deciduous; placentas bilamellate. India, Burma. [Fig. 34.141 ... 

66. Capsule-wings distinctly unequal. 

72. Inflorescence 3-6 times dichotomous. 

73. Blades serrate. 

74. Inflorescence 6 times dichotomous. Madagascar. [Fig. 33.81 .............. ?B. baronii 

74. Inflorescence 2-3 times dichotomous. Japan, China. [Fig. 12.2 11 .......... B. grandis 

73. Blades entire or undulate. 

75. Placentas simple. Brazil. 

76. Blade undulate-dentate, its smaller lobe broadly acute. Rio de Janeiro. [Fig. 30.301 .... 

76. Blade coarsely crenate, its smaller lobe evenly rounded. Sao Paulo. [Fig. 20.471 

B.m'edelii 

B. cornitepala 

77. Blades non-ciliate. Trinidad. [Fig. 34.151 ............................ B. eciliata 

77. Blades ciliate. Lesser Antilles. 

78. Capsule-wings acute, laxly nerved. Guadeloupe. [Fig. 32.351 ........... B. odorata 

78. Capsule-wings subrounded, densely nerved. Dominica ............. B. dominicalis 

............................................................ 

...... 

........................................................ 

75. Placentas bilamellate. West Indies. 

72. Inflorescence 1-2 times dichotomous. 

79. Stipules quickly deciduous. 

80. Blades closely and sharply serrate. Japan, China. [Fig. 12.211 ............. B. grandis 

80. Blades entire or undulate or laxly and weakly dentate. 

8 1. Peduncle several times exceeding the leaves. West Indies: Haiti. [Fig. 34.41 .......... ........................................................ ?B.glaberrima 

8 1. Peduncles little if at all exceeding the leaves. 

82. Petioles to 1 cm long; connective produced longer than the anther. Colombia. [Fig. 

16.1 I] ...................................................... B. extensa 

82. Petioles much longer; anthers obovate, retuse. 

83. Stem very short with a single leaf; blade shallowly cordate. India ..... B. tribenensis 

83. Stem elongate with several leaves; blade deeply and narrowly cordate. Siam. [Fig. 

34.161 ................................................... B. siamensis 

79. Stipules more or less persistent. 

84. Filaments free. 

85. Blades elliptic-oblong; anthers linear; placentas simple. Brazil: Sao Paulo. [Fig. 20.471 

........................................................ B. cornitepala 

85. Blades ovate. 
NUMBER 60 129 

86. Blades subentire, obscurely dentate; smaller capsule-wings crescent-shaped. Indonesia: 

Sumatra. [Fig. 34.101 ........................................... B. laevis 

86. Blades distinctly sinuate-dentate; smaller capsule-wings linear. China: Taiwan. [Fig. S39] 

......................................................... B. chitoensis 

87. Blades nearly as wide as long. Malaya. [Fig. 32.171 ................. ?B. longicaulis 

87. Blades nearly twice as long as wide; base tuberous. Siam. 

88. Bracts red-nerved; ovary 2-celled. [Fig. 30.541 ..................... B. gruntiana 

88. Bracts concolorous. 

89. Stipules 10 mm long, glabrous. [Fig. 34.61 ........................ B. rimarum 

89. Stipules 5 mm long, sparsely pilose-ciliate. [Fig. 29.351 .................. B. socia 

84. Filaments united to form a stalk or column. 

BEGONIACEAE, Part 11: 

Annotated Species List 

Jack Golding and Carrie E. Karegeannes 

Introduction 

The verified species and variety epithets, with 

the synonyms, are listed in alphabetical order for 

the present and superseded genera of the Begoniaceae. 

This list evolved from The Species of the Begoniaceae, Fred A. Barkley, 1972, and The Species of 

the Begoniaceae, second edition, Fred A. Barkley 

and Jack Golding, 1974. 

We are deeply indebted to Fred Barkley for 

his tremendous work compiling the species lists 

that were the foundation for this work. 

Barkley’s list is a compendium of published 

names and published synonomy. Most of the data 

for his entries came from Index Kewensis, the 

Gray Herbarium Card Index, and J. Doorenbos’s 

Check List of Begonia Names, 1971, unpublished. Originally, the intent was merely to continue the revisions of the Barkley list that Jack 

Golding started for the 1974 second edition. It 

soon became evident that a new method of compiling the list was necessary, because many inaccuracies in the literature-of priority, spelling, 

and svnonyms-have been transmitted throughout the years by authors copying the errors of 

previous authors. 

In an effort to ensure the accuracy of this new 

listing, all the literature locatable has been examined to determine the original citation and to 

Jack Golding, American Begonia Society, 47 Clinton Avenue, 

Kearny, IYJ 070?2. Carrie E. Karegeannes, American Begonia 

Society, 3916 Lake Boulevard, Annandale, VA 22003. 

verify the correct spelling, author, and place of 

citation. 

The authors who determined the synonomy 

are noted, and the names that were transferred 

through one or more interim “correct” names 

are recorded. 

In the citation of authors, names, and literature, we have followed chapter 4, section 3, and 

the general recommendation on citation, section 

4, of The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, 1978, with some modification of typeface 

and punctuation. 

The proposed form of citation of authors’ 

names and the abbreviated short-titles of books 

are from Stafleu and Cowan, Taxonomic Literature, second edition: volumes l, 1976; 2, 1979; 

3, 1981; 4, 1983. 

For periodicals, the adopted abbreviations in 

Lawrence, Buchheim, Daniels, and Dolezal, Botanico-Periodcum-Huntianum, 1968, are used. 

The orthography of the names conforms to 

the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, 1978. Incorrect original spellings are within quotation 

marks, after the date of publication. 

FORMAT 

Citation of Correct Names 

Be go ni a 

aggeloptera N. Halle Adansonia, 11, 12:37 1, pl. 

8, 1972. Gabon. Fig. 14.54. 

131 
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

agusanensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:377, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 20.33. 

garagarana C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69(12):2, 1919. Panama. Fig. 23.1. 

Begonia 

aggeloptera 

agusanensis 

garagarana 

N. Hall6 

Merrill 

C. de Candolle 

Adansonia 

Philipp. J. Sci. 

Smithsonian Misc 

Collect. 

I1 

12, 6, 69 

(1 2) 

371, 377, 2 

pl. 8 

19 1 1” 

1972, 1912, 1919 

Gabon 

Philippines 

Pananla 

Fig. 14.54 

Fig. 20.33 

Fig. 23.1 

Genus name, centered in the column 

at the beginning of each generic section, combined with an epithet is the 

name of the taxon 

Epithet of a correct name 

Author, the person who first validly 

published the name (publishing author) 

Title of publication 

Series number 

Volume number 

Part number, used only when the 

pages of each part are numbered separately 

Page number 

Published illustration number 

Date on title page, when different 

from date of effective publication 

Date of effective publication 

Habitat 

Figure number for the illustration in 

“Part I: Illustrated Key” 

Author Variations 

andamensis Parish ex C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. India, 2:650, 1879. 

The name B. andamensis is attributed to (“ex” 

= from) Parish by the publishing author C.B. 

Clarke, who published the name in the works of 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. India. 

boucheana (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

Gurltia boucheana Klotzsch, 1856. 

15( 1):373, 1864. Venezuela. Fig. 3.38. 

The epithet boucheana originally published by 

Klotzsch in the genus Gurltia was transferred to 

Begonia by the publishing author A. de Candolle. 

adscendens sensu H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 2:83, 

1971, non C.B. Clarke, 1890; in H. Ohashi, 

FI. E. Himalaya, 3:85, 1975. 

= leptoptera H. Hara, 1973. 

The name B. adscendens sensu (according to) 

H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 2:83, 1971, was a 

misidentification and not B. adscendens C.B. 

Clarke, 1890. The error was later corrected by 

H. Hara in H. Ohashi, FI. E. Himalaya, 3:85, 

1975, where he identified the taxon as B. leptoptera H. Hara, 1973. 

Synonyms and Illegitimate Names 

albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 71, 

pl. 4172, 1845. India. Fig. 2.22, icon. 

wightiana Wallich, 183 1. 

grahamiana Wight, 1852. 

Mitscherlichia albo-coccinea Klotzsch, 1854. 

Mitscherlichia grahamiana Hasskarl, 1858. 

After the citation of the correct name, the 

names of the synonyms, their authors, and dates 

of publication are listed in chronological order. 

grahamiana Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Or., 5(2):9, pl. 

18 1 1, 1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):389, 1864. 

= albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, 1845. 

Begonia grahamiana Wight, 1852, was determined by A. de Candolle to be a synonym of B. 

albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, 1845. 

peltata Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7:2556, 19 15, 

non Otto 8c Dietrich, 184l.--MerriIl, Philipp. J. Sci. Bot., 13(1):39, 1918. 

= elmeri Merrill, 19 18. 

Begonia peltata Elmer was a later homonym of 

B. peltata Otto & Dietrich, 184 1 ; it was therefore 

illegitimate and required a new name. Merrill 

made this determination and gave it the new 

name B. elmeri Merrill. 
NUMBER 60 133 

calabarica Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform., 20, 1906.- 

Fotsch, Begonian, 41, 1933 [= modica Stapf, 

19081.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):617, 

192 1 [= whytei Stapf, 1905].-Hutchinson, 

Dalziel & Keay, F1. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 

1:218, 1954. 

= quadrialata Warburg var. quadrialata, 1895. 

This is an example of a synonym transferred 

via interim names [in brackets]. Fotsch determined that B. calabarica Stapf, 1906, was B. 

modica Stapf, 1908, but earlier Engler had determined that B. modica Stapf, 1908, was B. whytei 

Stapf, 1905. Later Keay determined that B. whytei Stapf was B. quadrialata Warburg, 1895. 

ciliato-bracteata Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 16, 

192 1, sphalmate pro cilio-bracteata Warburg, 1895. 

Begonia ciliato-bracteata was listed by Engler, 

but it was a mistake for B. cilio-bracteata Warburg. 

rupestris Moon ex Trimen, FI. Ceylon, 2:263, 

1894, pro syn. tenera Dryander, 1791. 

Begonia rupestris Moon ex Trimen was listed 

without a description by Dryander as a synonym 

of B. tenera Dryander and is illegitimate. 

standleyi Houghton ex Standley & Calderon, 

Lista Prelim. P1. Salvad., 157, 1925, nomen 

nudum. 

Begonia standleyi was listed by Standley and 

Calderon without a description and is therefore 

illegitimate, a nomen nudum. 

Reference to Illustrations in the Key 

Those valid species in the “Annotated Species 

List” that are illustrated can be cross referenced 

to the “Illustrated Key” (Begoniaceae, Part I) by 

the first part of the figure number (except for 

species with supplemental figures). For example, 

Begonia aberrans Irmscher, Fig. 14.23, is first 

keyed out in Subkey 14. 

The figure number is that of the photograph 

of the holotype or type specimen, except when 

followed by one of these notations: 

non typus Not the type 

icon Illustration from plate in the original or subsequent citation 

If no herbarium specimen or suitable illustration was available when the key was frozen, the 

citation is ended by “sine figura,” without a figure; otherwise the citation of a correct name 

ends with the figure number. 

aberrans Irmscher, Webbia, 9:483, 1953. Sumatra. Fig. 14.23. 

If a suitable specimen of the correct name is 

not available, the illustration of a synonym is 

used. In this case, the figure number at the end 

of the correct name citation is in parentheses and 

is again listed, without parentheses, after the 

synonym. 

pleiopetala A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:121, 1859. Peru. (Fig. 8.33.) 

pusilla A. de Candolle, 1859. Fig. 8.33 

warburgiana Hieronymus, 1895. 

Also, if a suitable specimen of a correct name 

is not available, the illustration of a subspecies or 

different variety of that correct name may be 

used. The figure number at the end of the correct name is in parentheses and is listed without 

parentheses after the subspecies or different variety. 

peninsulae Irmscher var. peninsulae, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:98, 1929. Malaya. 

(Fig. 2.33.) 

peninsulae subsp. tambelanensis Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:100, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 2.33. 

Additional Terms 

Latin terms are used as in the International 

Code of Botanical Nomenclature, with a few additions. Certain phrases below, are defined here as 

an aid to the reader. 

Descriptione inchoata 

The description is unfinished, or imperfect or rudimen- 
134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

tary, and is insufficient for identification and placement 

in the key. 

Published too late for key. The preceding citation was 

published too late for the information to be used for the 

key. 

Frozen in the key. Production requirements made it necessary to freeze the figure numbers in the key long before 

the completion of the species list. This notation is followed 

by the changes that have become known later. 

According to. . . , in correspondence, to indicate the 

source of an acceptable determination not previously published. 

According to . . . , in an unpublished manuscript. 

According to. . . , written on the herbarium sheet. 

The preceding citation has not been seen by the authors. 

Observation by Jack Golding: From the plants I have seen 

in cultivation, this is possibly a distinct species. 

By mistake for; the illegitimate name or a misspelled name 

was published by mistake (other than misidentification, 

indicated by “sensu”) for the correct name that followed. 

Editus sero pro clave 

Gelata in clave 

tide . . . in litteris 

fide . . . in manuscriptum 

fide . . . in schedula 

non \Gus 

Obs.: e plantis cultis vidi fortasse species propria. J. G. 

sphalmate pro 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

We are indebted to many who have helped us 

with information in the preparation of this list, 

especially the following: 

Lyman B. Smith for his invitation to participate in this work, for obtaining a great many of 

the original citations, for his exchange of information, and for his encouragement to complete 

the work. Dieter Wasshausen also obtained a 

number of references during trips to herbaria 

abroad. 

Bernice G. Schubert of the Arnold Arboretum 

of Harvard University for critical discussions and 

for obtaining citations and research materials. 

Jan Doorenbos of the Agricultural University, 

Wageningen, The Netherlands, for the many 

corrections of the previous list and suggestions 

for this list. 

Richard S. Cowan of the Smithsonian for obtaining copies of rare source materials. 

Ruth F. Schallert, Smithsonian Botany Librarian, and Lothian Lynas of the New York Botanical Garden Library for their research in identifying and locating research materials. 

Alicia Lourteig and Gerard G. Aymonin of the 

Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 

and also the Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation for information and references. 

Mildred L. Thompson and Thelma O’Reilly 

of the American Begonia Society for their many 

discussions, observations, and furnishing of research material. 

Jack Golding’s secretaries, Jeanette Ruggiero 

and Irene Greenhalgh, for their diligent typing 

and retyping of a long and difficult manuscript. 
Begoniaceae Species List 

Begonia 

abaculoides Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 3 5 : 2 5 7, 

1968; Begonian, 36:39, 1969.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:44 1, 1983. 

= boissieri A. de Candolle, 1859. 

abbottii Urban in Fedde, Repert., 18: 192, 1922. 

Haiti. Fig. 30.22, non typus. 

aberrans Irmscher, Webbia, 9:483, 1953. Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig. 14.23. 

aborensis Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform., 109, 1920. 

India: Himalaya. Fig. 23.2 1, non typus. 

abyssinica Cufodontis, Senck. Biol., 4 1 :382, pl. 

64: fig. 9, 1960. Ethiopia. Fig. 27.28. 

acaulis Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold. Arbor., 24:43, 

pl. l,l-q, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 23.3 

acerifolia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. 

Gen. Sp., 7, folio 142, quarto 186, pl. 644, 

1825. Ecuador. Fig. 4.22, icon. 

dolabrifera C. de Candolle, 1908. 

aceroides Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76: 100, 

burkillii Irmscher 1929, non Dunn 

acetosa Vellozo, F1. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 50, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio 

de Janeiro, 5:406, 1881, desc. Brazil. Fig. 

10.3, icon. 

1953. Siam. Fig. 5.26. 

1920. 

cantareira hort., 1950. 

acetosella Craib var. acetosella, Bull. Misc. Inform., 153, 1912.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 6:347, 1927. Siam, 

China, Burma. Sine figura. 

acetosella Craib var. hirtifolia Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Hamburg, 10:515, 1939. 

China. 

acida Velloio, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 49, “1827,” 

1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 5:406, 188 1, desc. Brazil. Fig. 10.4, 

icon. 

ecuadoriensis hort. Buxton, 1932 

brasiliensis Everett, 1939. 

acida Martius ex A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):365, 1861, non Vellozo, 

183 1 .-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

78:183, 1959. 

= subacida Irmscher, 1959. 

aconitifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11: 127, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):352, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 4.8. 

sceptrum hort. ex Rodigas, 1884. 

faureana Linden ex Garnier, 1895. 

faureana var. argentea Linden, 1896. 

aconitifolia ‘Hildegard Schneider’ Everett, J. 

New York Bot. Gard., 41:2, 6, pl., 

1940.-Weber & Dress, Baileya, 16:59, 

1968. 

faureana var. metallica Rodigas, 1895. 

aconitqolia ‘Metallica’ Weber & Dress, 

1968. 

aconitifolia ‘Metallica’ U’eber & Dress, Baileya, 

16:61, 1968. 

= aconitifolia ‘Hildegard Schneider’ Everett, 1940. 

acrensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:605, 

1949.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 45: 1 14, 1955 [= williamsii Rusby & Nash, 1906; non X williamsii 

Williams, 18921.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 

33(87):84, 1944. 

= wollnyi Herzog, 1909. 

aculeata Walpers, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. 

Leop.-Carol, Nat. Cur., 16, suppl. 2(19, 

suppl. 1):409, 1843; Repert. Bot. Syst., 

5:767, 1846.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):354, 1861. 

= maculata var. argentea A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

acuminata Dryander, Trans. Linn. SOC., 1 : 166, 

pl. 14: figs. 5, 6, 1791.-O.E. Schulz in 

135 
136 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:13, 191 1. 

= acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

Obs.: e plantis cultis vidi fortasse species 

acuminatissima Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:395, 

propria. J.G. 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 26.22. 

camiguinensis Elmer, 19 15. 

acutifolia Jacquin, Coll., 1:128, “1786,” 1787.- 

W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 69, pl. 4025, 

1843. 

Aceris fructu herba anomala, pore tetrapetalo albo Sloane, 1696. 

acuminata Dryander, 179 1. 

hamiltoniana Lehmann, 1850. 

malabarica sensu F. Hamilton ex WalPlatycentrum hamiltonianum Miquel, 

Tittelbachia hamiltonianum Regel, 1860. 

obliqua sensu Van den Heede, 1903, 

acutifolia Swartz, Flor. Ind. Occ., 2:994, 1800, 

non Jacquin, 1787.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:17, 191 1 [=purfurea 

Swartz, 1788].-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

acutijolia sensu Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 145, 1855; Begoniac., 25, 1855, non Jacquin, 1787.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):295, 1864 [= portoricensis A. de Candolle, 18641.-0. E. 

Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:8, 191 1. 

= decandra Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1859. 

acutifolia herb. Vindob. ex A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):380, 1861, non 

Jacquin, 1787; pro syn. dentatiloba A. de 

Candolle, 1859. 

acutiloba Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 14, 1853.-emend. 

L.B. Smith and B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 161:28, pl. 3, 1946. Mexico, 

Guatemala. Fig. 4.37. 

Knesebeckia acutiloba Klotzsch ex Walpers, 1859. 

adenodes Irmscher, Webbia, 9:478, pl. 2, 1953. 

Borneo. Fig. 26.15. 

Cuba, Jamaica. Fig. 29.19, icon. 

pers, 1852, non Lamarck, 1785. 

1856. 

non Linnaeus, 1753. 

= jamaicensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

adenopoda Lemaire, Jard. Fleur., 2(Misc.): 

17, 1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):353, 1864. Burma. Fig. 15.4. 

verticillata W.J. Hooker, 185 1, non VelLauchea verticillata Klotzsch, 1855. 

lozo, 1831. 

adenostegia Stapf, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., II., 4:164, 1894. Borneo. Fig. 26.14. 

adiantiformis Toledo, Arq. Bot. Estado. Sao 

Paulo, n.s. (form major), 2(3):62, pl. 17, 

1946.-L.B. Sniith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., 1(Bego):59, 1971. 

= itatinensis Irmscher ex Brade, 1944. 

admirabilis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

10:136, pl. 6, 1950. Brazil. Fig. 30.44, 

icon. 

adolfi-friderici Gilg in Mildbraed, Wiss. Erg. 

Deut. Zentr. Afr. Exp. Bot., 2:574, 1913. 

Congo. Fig. S14. 

adscendens C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. SOC. Bot., 

25:26, pl. 13, 1890. India: Himalaya. Fig. 

8.4, icon. 

adscendens sensu H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 2:83, 

1971, non C.B. Clarke, 1890; in H. 

Ohashi, FI. E. Himalaya, 3:85, 1975. 

= leptoptera H. Hara, 1973. 

aenea Linden 8c Andre, Linden Cat., 88:2, 187 1, 

“oenea”; Gartenflora, 20:2 13, 187 1. Assam. Discriptione inchoata. 

aequata A. Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped. Phan., 

15:658, 1854.-Merrill, Philipp, J. Sci., 

3:84, pl. 4, 1908. Philippines. Fig. 14.35. 

aequilateralis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 8: 134, pl. 7, 1929. Malaya. Sine 

figura. 

aequatorialis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Lloydia, 13:85, pl., 1950. Ecuador. Fig. 8.29. 

aeranthos L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Mem. 

NeM York Bot. Gard., 8:36, pl. 2a-e, 

1952. Ecuador. Fig. 3.27. 

grandibracteolata Irmscher, 1953. 

affinis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 7:308, 1912. Philippines. Fig. 19.15. 

aggeloptera N. Halle, Adansonia, 11, 12:37 1, pl. 

8, 1972. West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 14.54. 

agrial Rojas, Le Monde des Plantes, 74:24, 

191 3.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Dar- 
NUMBER 60 137 

winiana, 5: 101, 1941 [= cucullata Willdenow, 1805].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:335, 1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

agusanensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:377, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines, Fig. 20.33. 

alba Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:45, 1915. Philippines. Fig. 9.6. 

alba-coccinea hort., Horticulturist, 1:378, 1847, 

non visus, sphalinate pro albo-coccinea 

M’.J. Hooker, 1845. 

albido-setulosa Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 

3 13, 1858. Sine figura. 

albidula Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

10:137, pl. 7, 1950. Brazil. Fig. 29.27, 

icon. 

albtflora hort. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, pro 

syn. Tittelbachia albijlora Klotzsch, 1854; 

iionien nuduni. 

albobracteata Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:60. 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

14.2. 

albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 71, 

pl. 4172, 1845. India. Fig. 2.22, icon. 

ulightiana Wallich, 183 1. 

grahamiana Wight, 1852. 

Xlitscherlichia albo-coccinea Klotzsch, 

Mitscherlichia grahamiana Hasskarl, 

alboniaculata C. de Candolle in Huber, Bol. Mus. 

Paraense Hist. Nat., 4:593, 1906.- 

emend. L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:465, 1984. Ecuador, Peru. 

Sine figura. 

albo-picta W. Bull, Rare Plants Catalog, London, 

2 10: 13, 1885; Gartenflora, 35:402, 

1886.-Irmscher, Pareys Blurnengart., 

79, 1960.-Thompson and Thompson, 

Begonia Guide, 3:R-8, 1976.-L.B. Smith 

& 11.C. W’asshausen, Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 

1984. Brazil. Sine figura. 

maculata Raddi var. maculata sensu L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 1984, non 

Raddi, 1820. 

alchemilloides Meisner ex A. de Candolle, Ann. 

1854. 

1858. 

Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 113125, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):344, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 

28.25 

alemanii Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:30, pl. 1, 1945. 

Brazil. Fig. 17.24, icon. 

alepensis A. Chevalier, Bull. SOC. France, 58 

(Mem. 8d): 174, ‘‘ 19 1 1 ,” 19 12.-WiIczek, 

FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 30, pl. 3, 

1969. Tropical Africa. Sine figura. 

poggei sensii De Wildeman, 1908, pro 

parte; non Warburg, 1894. 

ealensis Irnischer, 192 1, pro parte. 

eminii sensu Hutchinson, Dalziel 8c 

Keay, 1954, pro parte; non Warburg, 

1895. 

algaia L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:441, 1983. China. Fig. 5.29. 

calophylla Irmscher, 1927, non Gilg, 

alice-clarkiae Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 43:65, pl., 

1976, “alice-clarkae.” Mexico. Fig. 12.17. 

aliciae C.E.C. Fischer, Bull. ,\.disc. Inform., 247, 

1939. India. Fig. 8.26. 

alicida C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:637, 1879, “alaecida.” India. Fig. 10.6. 

allenii Standley, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

25:830, 1938.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:62, 

1958. 

1921. 

= tonduzii C. de Candolle, 1896. 

alnifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 133, 1859.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:180, pl. 14, 1946. Colonibia. Fig. 16.12 

alpina L.B. Smith 8c D.C. U’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. Malaya. Fig. 8.14 

monticola Ridley, 1914, non C. de Canaltaniiroi Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

8:230, pl. 4, 1948. Brazil. Fig. 4.7, icon. 

altissinia Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 

8(4):39, 19 17. Sumatra. Fig. 34.12. 

altoperuviana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., I\’, 11:123, 18.39. Peru, Bolivia. Fig. 

30.43. 

alvarezii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., Bot., 6:405, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig 22.39. 

dolle, 1908. 
138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

alveolata Yu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s., 

1 : 12 1, 1948. China. Sine figura. 

amoena Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3682, 183 1, 

nomen nudum.-Wallich ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):327, 1864.-H. Hara 

in H. Ohashi, FI. E. Himalaya, 3:85, pl. 

5d, 1975. 

= dioica F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 1825. 

anipla J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

duruensis De Wildeman, 1908. 

anaimalaiensis Beddome, Madras J. Lit. Sci., 111, 

2:574, 187 1. Tropical Africa. Fig. 25.1. 

1:48, 1864. India. Fig. S28. 

reniformis Beddome, 186 1. 

anamalayana Beddome, 1865. 

anamalayana Beddome, Trans. Linn. SOC., 

25:217, 1865.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:493, 1984. 

= anaimalaiensis Beddome, 1864. 

anceps Irmscher, Notes Roy. Gard. Edinburg, 

21:35, 1951. China. Fig. 9.22. 

andarnensis Parish ex C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. India. 2:650, 1879. India, Andaman Island, Burma. Descriptione inchoata. 

andersonii hort. Begonian, 16: 104, pl. 5, 1949.- 

Weber & Dress, Baileya, 16:43, 1968, nomen nudem. India. 

andina Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard., 8:108, 

1912. Bolivia. Fig. 29.31. 

andreana Sprague, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Edinburgh, 22:433, 1905.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 185, 1946. 

= guaduensis var. andreana L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 1946. 

androrangensis Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 111, 47:76, pl. 1, 1972. Madagascar. Fig. 24.1. 

anernoniflora, Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:76, 

1953. Peru. Fig. 1.5. 

anenionoides ,47ara, Voy., 2:503, 1809.-Steudel, horn. Bot., 1:104, 1821. Descriptione 

inc hoa ta . 

angilogensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 26:477, 

1925. Philippines. Fig. 12.15. 

angolensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 176, 

196 1 .-emend. Fernandes, Bol. SOC. 

Brot., 11, 44:10, pl. 4, 1970. Africa: Angola. Fig. 30.3. 

angraensis Brade, Arq. Serv. Florest., 2:22, pl. 

2, 1943. Brazil. Fig. 13.9, icon. 

angularis Raddi var. angularis, Mem. Mod., 

18:407, 1820.-J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 128, pl. 7842, 1902. Brazil. Fig. 

30.3 1. 

hastata Vellozo, 183 1. 

Pritzelia zebrina Klotzsch, 1855. 

zebrina hort. in Loudon, 1855. 

crenulata Schott ex A. de Candolle, 

angularis Raddi var. angustifolia A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. Bras., 4( 1):359, 1861. 

Brazil. 

angulata Vellozo var. angulata, FI. Flum., vol. 

10, pl. 52, “1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. 

Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 5:407, 188 1, desc.- 

Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. Maxim. Bras., 51, pl. 

47, 1866. Brazil. Fig. 30.20, icon. ’ 

1861. 

reticulata Gardner, 1845. 

Pritzelia angulata Klotzsch ex Wawra, 

angulata Raddi var. canipos-portoi Brade, 

Rodriguesia, 18: 17, 1945. Brazil. 

angulata Raddi var. serrana Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:17, 1945. Brazil. 

angustqolia Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:97, 

1827.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2: 

651, 1912. 

1866. 

= isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 1790. 

angustifolia Henisley, Biol. Cent. Amer., Bot., 

1 :493, 1880 sphalmate pro angustiloba A. 

de Candolle, 1859. 

angustiliniba Merrill, J. Straits Branch Roy. 

Asiat. SOC., 86:334, 1922. Borneo. Fig. 

18.22. 

angustiloba A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:126, 1859. Mexico. Fig. 3.21, non 

typus. 

dentata Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

bicolor S. Watson, 1887. 

anisoptera Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:398, “ 19 1 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 23.10. 
NUMBER 60 139 

anisosepala J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:576. 1871. Gabon. Fig. 2.14. 

anjuanensis Humbert, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 

1183735, pl. 1: figs. 19-24, “1971,” 

1973.-emend. Humbert, Bull. Soc. Bot. 

France, 119:417, “1972,” 1973. Comoros. Fig. 8.12. 

ankaranensis Humbert, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

118:735, pl. 2: figs. 8-12, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 7.6. 

annobonensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. &at, 

Bot., IV, 11:127, 1859. Tropical Africa. 

Fig. 27.35. 

quintasii C. de Candolle, 1892. 

monterosae A. Chevalier, 191 4. 

annulata K. Koch, Berliner Allg. Gartenzeitung, 

1 :76, 1837, non visus.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 78:191, 1959. India: Himalayas. (Fig. 23.8, icon.) 

Platycentrum annulaturn K. Koch, 1837. 

grqjthii W.J. Hooker, pl. 4984, 1857. 

picta hort. ex Henderson, 1857-1859, 

barbata Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 

anodifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 1 1: 126, 1859, “anodaefolia.” Mexico. 

Fig. 5.23 

antaisaka Humbert, Bull. Mus. Nat. (Paris), 111, 

47:76, 1972. Madagascar. Sine figura. 

M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 

144:88, pl. 27: figs. 8-13, 1983. Editus 

sero pro clave. 

antioquensis (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 

146, 1894.-L.B. Smith& B.G. Schubert, 

Caldasia, 4:30, pl. 6, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 

18.27. 

Casparya antioquensis A. de Candolle, 

antongilensis Humbert var. antongilensis, Bull. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 111, 47:77, pl. 2, 

1972.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. 

Madagascar, 144:94, pl. 29: fig. 1, 1983. 

Madagascar. Fig. 7.2, icon. 

Fig. 23.8. 

non J.E. Smith, 1807 

1864. 

1859. 

antongilensis Humbert var. cuneata Humbert, 

Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 111, 47:79, 

1972.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. 

Madagascar, 144:96, pl. 29: fig. 2, 1983. 

Madagascar. 

antsingyensis Humbert, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

118:735, pl. 1: figs. 14-18, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 8.2 1. 

antsiranensis Aymonin & Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 

144:46, pl. 6: figs. 4-8, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro clave. 

apayaoensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:39, 1918. 

Philippines. Fig. 19.2 1. 

apparicioi Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Kio de Janeiro, 

8:229, pl. 3, 1948. Brazil. Fig. 4.21, icon. 

aptera Blume var. aptera, Enuni. PI. Javae, 1:97, 

1827. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 30.34. 

Diploclinium apterum Miquel, 1856. 

aptera Blume var. calleryana Fernandez-Villar 

in Blanco & Mercddo, FI. Filip., ed. 3, 

4:99, 1880.-Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 

6:374, 1912. 

= pseudo-lateralis Warburg, 1904. 

aptera Roxburgh, Flora Ind., 33630, 1832, non 

Blume, 1827.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):407, 1864 [= Mezierea salaziensis 

Gaudichaud, 184 11.-Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 139, 

1894. 

= salaziensis Warburg, 1894. 

aptera Decaisne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 111, 3:451, 1834, non Blume, 

1827, non Roxburgh, 1832.-Miquel, FI. 

Ned. Ind., 1, 1:692, 1856 [= Diploclinium 

timorense Miquel, 1856].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):407, 1864 [= Mezierea 

salaziensis Gaudichaud, 184 13; non fide 

Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:282, 191 9 [= decaisneana Gagnepain, 

19 19].-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phvtologia, 54:493, 1984. 

= timorensis J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

1984. 

aptera Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 

30:122, 1911, non Blume, 1827, non 

Roxburgh, 1832, non Descaisne, 1834,- 
140 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:282, 1919. 

= hayatae Gagnepain, 19 19. 

aptera sensu L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:467, 1984, non Blume, 

1827; Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 1984. 

= hayatae Gagnepain, 1919. 

arborescens Raddi var. arborescens, Mem. Mod., 

18:408, 1820.-Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. 

Maxim. Bras., 53, pl. 48, 1866. Brazil. 

Fig. 20.3 (Fig. 17.6, icon). 

dimidiata Vellozo, 183 1. Fig. 17.6, icon. 

Steineria pulchella Klotzsch, 1855. 

sylvestris A. de Candolle, 1859. 

patens Grisebach ex A. de Candolle, 

arborescens Raddi var. confertzjlora A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):378, 1861. 

Brazil. 

1861. 

confertzjlora Gardner, 1845. 

archboldiana Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:42, pl. 1.f-k, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

8.25. 

areolata Miquel, PI. Jungh., 4:417, “1 855,” 1857. 

Java. Sine figura. 

Diploclinium areolatum Miquel, 1856. 

papillosa Reinkvardt ex Koorders, 19 12, 

non Graham, 1828; non Lindley, 

1841. 

argentea Van Houtte ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 

1854, pro syn. Gaerdtia argentea Klotzsch, 

1854.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):354, 1861. 

= maculata var. argentea A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

argentea Linden, Hort. Linden, 2, pl. 2, 1859. 

India. Descriptione inchoata. 

argentinensis Spegazzini, Comun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1:53, 1898.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:82, 1941. 

= boliviensis A. de Candolle var. boliviensis, 

1859. 

argyrostigma Fischer ex Link & Otto, Icon. PI. 

Sel., 23, pl. 10, 1821.-Sprengel, Syst. 

Veg., 2:626, 1825. 

= maculata Raddi var. maculata, 1820. 

aridicaulis Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 19: 104, pl., 

1952. Mexico. Fig. 25.10. 

arnottiana (Wight) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):322, 1864.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:641, 1879 [= 

cordifolia Thwaites, 1859].-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:44 1, 

1983, nomen legitimum; non cordifolia 

Thwaites, 1859. India. Sine figura. 

Diploclinium arnottianum Wight, 1852. 

arrogans Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:606, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 30.18. 

articulata Irmscher, Webbia, 9:497, 1953. Borneo. Fig. 14.45. 

artior Irmscher, Webbia, 9:484, pl. 3, 1953. 

Borneo. Fig. 21.8, icon. 

asarijolia Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 8, 1853 [= Gireoudia 

hydrocotylijolia Klotzsch, 1854].-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):344, 1864. 

= hydrocotylifolia var. asarifolia A. de Candolle, 1864. 

asperifolia Irmscher var. asperifolia, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 6:359, 1927. China. 

Fig. 9.10. 

asperifolia Irmscher var. tomentosa Yii, Bull. 

Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s., 1:118, 1948. 

China. 

aspleniifolia J.D. Hooker ex A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):392, 1864.-N. Halle, AdanSonia, 11, 12:362, 1972. Gabon. Fig. 6.9. 

assamica Linden ex Pynaert, Rev. Hort. Suisse 

Romande, 255, 1884.-W. Bull, Cat., 

143, 1886.-Charles Chevalier, Les Begonias, 242, 1938. 

= beddomei J.D. Hooker, 1884. 

assurgens Irmscher, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 

39:444, pl. 3, 1963. Central America: El 

Salvador. Fig. 25.18. 

asteroides L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 127:30, 1939.-L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 

154:31, 1945. 

= uruapensis Sess;e8c iMocino var. uruapensis, 1890. 
NUMBER 60 141 

asynipeltata L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:244, pl. 6, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

2.42. 

atricha Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:1091, 1858, 

pro syn. Diploclinium atrichum Miquel, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

321, 1864. 

= atricha A. de Candolle, 1864. 

atricha (Miquel) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):32 1, 1864. Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig. 

28.10. 

atricha Miquel, 1858. 

Diploclinium atrichum Miquel, 1858. 

attenuata (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras.,4(1):383, 1861. Fig. 13.5. Gelata 

in clave. 

J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:494, 1984. 

= lanceolata Vellozo, 183 1. 

aucubifolia hoi-t. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, 

“acubaefolia,” pro syn. Knesbeckia acubifolia Klotzsch, 1854.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodi-., 1.3( 1):309, 1864. 

= incarnata Link 8c Otto var. incarnata, 

1829. 

augustae Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:350, pl. 

2, 1913. New Guinea. Fig. 27.43. 

augustinei Hemsley, Gard. Chron., 111, 28:286, 

1900. China. Fig. 23.29. 

aurantiaca hort. ex Planchon, FI. Serres Jard. 

Eur. I., 5:530, pl., 1849.-J.D. Hooker, 

Bot. Mag., vol. 75, pl. 4483, 1849, pro 

syn. cinnabarina J.D. Hooker, 1849. 

auriculata J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:577, 1871. Tropical West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 2 l .26. 

auriformis Van Houtte ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 24, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 189, 1855; Begoniac., 69, 1855, 

pro syn. Rachia aurqormis Klotzsch, 

1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):327, 1864 [= incana var. aurqormis 

A. de Candolle, 18641.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:292, 1981. 

= peltata var. auriformis J. Golding, 198 1. 

axillaris Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. SOC., 

46:249, 1906. Indonesia: Lingga Arch. 

Fig. 27.23. 

axillipara Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:60, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

12.1 1. 

azuensis Urban 8c Ekman, Ark. Bot., 23A(5):9 1, 

1930. West Indies: Santo Domingo. Fig. 

34.7. 

baccataJ.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 92, pl. 5554, 

1866. Sao Tom;e Fig. 1 1.14, icon. 

bagotiana Humbert var. bagotiana, Bull. SOC. 

Bot. France, 118:737, pl. 1: figs. 1-7, 

“1971 ,” 1973. Madagascar. Fig. 4.27. 

bagotiana Hunibert var. acutialata Humbert, 

Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 118:737, pl. 1: fig. 

8, “1971,” 1973. Madagascar. 

bahiensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:137, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 20.45. 

bakeri C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:320, 1908, “bakerii”; fide Kew in schedula, Isotype Baker No. 2333, U.S. 

bakeri Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 10:3706, 1939, 

non C. de Candolle, 1908.-L.B. Smith 

and D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:441, 1983. 

crateris Exell, 1944. 

= pruinata A. de Candolle, 1864. 

= luzonensis Warburg in Perkins, 1904. 

balansae C. de Candolle var. balansae, Bull. 

Herb. Boissier, 11, 3:403, 1903. Paraguay. 

Fig. 31.14. 

balansae C. de Candolle var. glabrior C. de 

Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 3:404, 

1903. Paraguay. 

balansana Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:194, 1919, “balansaeana.” Indochina. Fig. 23.13. 

balniisiana Balniis var. balniisiana, Deniostr., 

338, pl. 2, 1794. Mexico. Fig. 28.56, icon. 

populifolia Huniboldt, Bonpland & 

monoptera Link & Otto, 1828. 

velutina Brongniart ex Neumann, 1844, 

Kunth, 1825. 
142 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

non hort. Vindob. ex Klotzsch, 1855, 

non Parish ex Kurz, 1873. 

velutina hort. Berol ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

Knesebeckia balmisiana Klotzsch, 1855. 

Knesebeckia monoptera Klotzsch, 1855. 

reniformis Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 

syphillitica Sesse & Mocino, 1890. 

balmisiana Balmis var. mitellifolia A. de Canbangii Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI., 3(2):105, 1898. 

ulmifolia Bang ex Kuntze, 1898, non 

barahonensis (O.E. Schultz) Urban in Fedde, Repert, 18:193, 1922.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

= plumieri var. barahonensis O.E. Schulz in 

Urban, 1911. 

bararnensis Merrill, Sarawak Mus. J., 3:529, 

1928. Borneo. Sine figura. 

barbana C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Roy. Bot. 

Belgique, 35:261, 1896.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:49, 1958. 

1864. 

dolle, Prodr., 15( 1):308, 1864. Mexico. 

Bolivia. Fig. 19.6. 

Willdenow, 1825. 

= strigillosa Dietrich, 185 1. 

barbata Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3679A et 

pro parte B, 183 1, nomen nudum.-Wallich ex A. de Candolle Prodr., 15(1):348, 

1864.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:646, 1879 [= grqfithii W.J. 

Hooker, 18571.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 78: 19 1, 1959. 

= annulata K. Koch, 1857. 

barbata sensu Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 

3679B, pro parte, 1831, nomen nudum; 

non Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864.- 

C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:645, 1879 [= rubrovenia W.J. Hooker, 

18531.-H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 47:143, 

1972. 

= hatacoa F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 1825. 

barbellata Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 

10:135, 1920. Malaya. Fig. 21.43. 

barkeri Knowles 8c Wescott, Flor. Cab., 3:179, 

pl. 135, 1840. Mexico. Fig. 22.31, icon. 

peponifolia A.T. Brongniart ex F. Cels, 

peponifolia var. beta A.T. Brongniart ex 

peponifolia hort. ex Schlechtendal, 

Gireoudia barkeri Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia macrophylla Klotzsch, 1854. 

macrophylla hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 

peponijXa hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 

Gireoudia macrophylla var. concolor 

Gireoudia macrophjlla var. discolor 

megaphylla A. de Candolle, 1859. 

peponifolia F’isiani ex A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

macrophylla Sesse 8c Mocino, 1890, non 

Larnarck, 1785. 

macrophylla var. concolor J. Doorenbos 

ex F.A. Barkley 8c J. Golding, 1974. 

macrophylla var. discolor J. Doorenbos 

ex F.A. Barkley 8c J. Golding, 1974. 

barkleyana L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 25:4 18, 

dusenii Brade 1944, non Warburg, 

baronii Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 22:480, 

1887.--M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. 

Madagascar, 144:70, pl. 21, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 33.8. 

barrigae L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4: 185, pl. 15, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 17.11. 

barsalouxiae Standley & Williams, Ceiba, 1 : 154, 

1950.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

1842. 

F. Cels, 1842. 

1851. 

1855. 

1855. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

1973. Brazil. Fig. 28.17, icon. 

1895. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

bartlettiana Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

29:160, 1948. New Guinea. Fig. 9.4. 

batesii C. de Candolle, Candollea, 2:228, 1925. 

Gabon. Fig. 3 1 1. 

bauensis Brade, Sellorvia, 9:30, pl. 2: figs. 2-6, 

1958.-L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., 1(Bego):94, 197 1. 
NUMBER 60 143 

= isopterocarpa Irmscher, 1953. 

baumannii Lenioine, Jardin, 4:273, pl., 1890, 

“beaunianni”.-L. W’ittmack, Gartenfl., 

40:47, 1891.-J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 123, pl. 7540, 1897. Bolivia. Fig. 

1 1 ..5, icon. 

odoratissima hort., 1926. 

baviensis Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:195, 1919; in Lecomte, FI. 

Indo-Chine, 2: 1 109, pl. 130, 192 1. Indochina. Fig. 4.43. 

beccariana Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. Malayan 

Br., 1(87):62, 1923. Indonesia: Sumatra. 

Fig. 3 1.19. 

beccarii Warburg, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni 

L’eg., 18:329, 1922. Borneo. Sine figura. 

beddomei J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 110, pl. 

6767, 1884. India: Assam. Fig. 24.30, 

icon. 

assamica Linden, 1884. 

bekopakensis Aymonin & Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 144: 24, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro clave. 

bellii Leveille, FI. Kouy-Tcheou, 45, 19 14, 

“belli”.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:544, 1939. 

= porteri Leveille & Vaniot var. porteri, 

1910. 

bequaertii Robyns & Lawalree, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Etat., 18:286, 1947. Africa: Congo. Sine 

figura. 

bernieri A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:130, 1859, “bernierii”.-Humbert, 

Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 1 18:74 1, pl. 3: figs. 

1-5, “1971,” 1973. Madagascar. Fig. 

5.16. 

beryllae Ridley, Sarwak Mus. J., 2(6):177, 1915. 

Borneo. Fig. 27.18. 

besleriifolia Schott var. besleriifolia in Sprengel, 

Syst. Veg., 4:408, 1827, “besleriaefolia.” 

Brazil. Fig. 20.36. 

besleriifolia Schott var. stuhriana Brade, Arq. 

Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 8:235, pl. 8, 

1948. Brazil. 

betsimisaraka Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 111, 47:79, 1972.-M. KeraudrenAymonin, FI. Madagascar, 144:91, PI. 28: 

figs. 1-6, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 11.13 

bettinae Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 3 2: 226, PI., 

1965. Mexico. Fig. 4.54. 

bhotanensis hort., Begonian, 16: 1 10, 1949, nomen nudum. 

bicolor S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 

22:414. 1887.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 50:560, pl. 1, 1914.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 

154:28, 1945. Mexico. 

= angustiloba A. de Candolle, 1859. 

bidentata Raddi var. bidentata, Mem. Mod., 

18:408, 1820.-A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. Bras., 4(1):380, pl. 99: fig. l, 

186 1. Brazil. Fig. 16.19. 

langsdofji A. de Candolle, 1859. 

bidentata Raddi var. insularum A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):381, pl. 99: fig. 

2, 1861. Brazil. 

bifolia Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8(4):40, 

19 17. Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig. 3 1.18. 

bifurcata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 45:113, pl. li-n, 1955. Peru. 

Fig. 3 1.6. 

biguassuensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 13:84, pl. 8, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 3.39. 

biliranensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:46, 191 5. 

Philippines. Fig. 24.29. 

bilocularis (Wight) Craib, FI. Siam, 1:771, 

193 1 .-Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinb., 32:274, 1973. 

= sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. sinuata, 

1836. 

binotii hort. ex C. Chevalier, Begonias, 256, 

1938.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

= paulensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

1918. Philippines. Fig. 14.33. 

binuangensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:40, 

bulusanensis Elmer ex Merrill, 1923. 

hemicardia Elmer ex Merrill, 1923. 

biolleyi A. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Roy. Bot. Belgique, 35:263, 1896.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 12, 1946 [= lindleyana Walpers, 1843].-K. Burt-Utley, 
144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Phytologia, 34:488, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

bipetala Loddiges in Steudel, Som. Bot., ed. 2, 

193, 1840.-Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 9:59, 184 1, errore typographico pro dipetala Graham, 1828. 

bipindensis Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3,2):619, 

192 1 .-IS. Halle, Adansonia, 11, 12:365, 

pl. 4: fig. 1, 1972. 

= squamulosa var. bipindensis N. Halle 

1972. 

bipinnatifida J.J.Smith, Bull. Dep. Agric. Indes 

Seerl. 2:47, 1906, non visus. Sew 

Guinea. Fig. 6.5. 

biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, J. Hort. SOC. 

London, 2:313, 1847.-W.J. Hooker, 

Bot. Mag., vol. 79, pl. 4746, 1853. Mexico, Guatemala. Fig. 5.8, icon. 

Knesbeckia biserrata Klotzsch, 1855. 

Knesbeckia crenatajlora Klotzsch & Putpalmaris A. de Candolle, 1859. 

crenatajlora A. de Candolle, 1864. 

palmata Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1864, 

palmata Sesse & Mocnio 1890, non D. 

biserrata Lindley var. glandulosa L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 

154:23, 1945. Mexico. 

blumenaviensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:45, 

1953.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., l(Bego):64, 1971. 

= polyandra Irnischer, 1953. 

zeys, 1855. 

non D. Don, 1825. 

Don, 1825. 

blumenaviensis subsp. brachyphylla Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:46, 1953.-L.B. 

Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1 (Bego):64, 197 1. 

= polyandra Irmscher, 1953. 

bogneri Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 40:76, pl., 

1973. Madagascar. Fig. 15.1. 

boisiana Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Sat. (Paris), 

25:195, 1919; in Lecomte, FI. IndoChine, 2: 1102, pl. 129, 1921. Indochina. 

Fig. 20.49. 

boissieri A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 126, 1859; Prodr., 15( 1):3 1 1, 1864.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 40:241, pl. la, 1950. Mexico. 

Fig. 28.23. 

suffruticosa Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

abaculoides Ziesenhenne, 1968. 

boiviniana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Sat. Bot., 

IV, 11:130, 1859.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, F1. Madagascar, 144:48, pl. 14: 

fig. 4-7, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 22.19. 

boliviensis A. de Candolle var. boliviensis, Ann. 

Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:122, 1859; Prodr., 

15( 1):287, 1864.-J.D. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 93, pl. 5657, 1867. Argentina, 

Bolivia. Fig. 21.15, icon. 

argentinensis Spegazzini, 1898. 

boliviensis A. de Candolle var. volcanensis L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:84, 

194 1. Argentina. 

boliviensis A. de Candolle var. latitepala 

Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:617, 1949. 

Argentina. 

bolleana Urban 8c Ekman, Ark. Bot., 23A(5):92, 

1930. Haiti. Fig. 30.27, non typus. 

bolsteri Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:387, “191 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 27.7. 

bombycina Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:97, 1827.- 

Kloti.sch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 192, 1855; Begoniac, 72, 1855 

[= Diploclinium bombycinum Klotzsch, 

1855].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

321, 1864. 

= isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 1790. 

bonii Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Sat. (Paris), 

25: 196, 19 19; in Lecomte, FI. Indo-Chine 

2:1115, pl. 131. 1921. Indochina. Fig. 

24.23. 

bonitoensis Brade var. bonitoensis, Rodriguesia, 

18:18, pl. 1, 1945. Brazil. Fig. 16.20. 

bonitoensis Brade var. intermedia Brade, Rodriguesia, 32:163, 1957. Brazil. 

bonthainensis Hernsley, Bull. Misc. Inform., 37, 

1896. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 5.18. 

bonus-henricus J.J. de Wilde, Meded. LandbougLvhogeschool W’ageningen, 80-1 9:409, 

pls. 3, 6, 1980. Tropical West Africa: 

Cameroon. Fig. S4 1. 
NUMBER 60 145 

boquetensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 179, 

pl. 8: fig. 1, 1959. Central America: Panama. Fig. 22.3. Gelata in clave. 

K. Burt-Utley, Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 

25(1), 1985.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

= urophylla W.T. Hooker, 1855. 

boraceiensis Handro, Loefgrenia, 27: 1, 1968. 

Brazil. Fig. 31.8. 

borneensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:128, 1859. Borneo. Fig. S30. 

bosseri Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 144:32, pl. 

8, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro 

c I a \,e. 

boucheana (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

l.i( 1):373, 1864. L’enezuela. Fig. 3.38. 

Gurltia boucheana Klotzsch, 1856. 

boLverae Ziesenhenne var. bowerae, Begonian, 

17:78, pl., 1950, “boweri.” Mexico. Fig. 

25.19. 

bowreme Ziesenhenne var. major Ziesenhenne, 

Begonian, 40: 288, pl., 1973. Mexico. 

bowerae Ziesenhenne var. nigramarga Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 40:288, pl., 1973. Mexico. 

bowerae Ziesenhenne var. roseiflora Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 40:288, pl., 1973, “rosef o ra . ” Mexico. 

bo\vringiana Champion ex Bentham, J. Bot. Kew 

Gard., llisc. 4:120, 1852.--W.J. Hooker, 

Bot. Mag., vol. 86, pl. 5182, 1860. China: 

Hong Kong. Fig. 9.15, icon. Gelata in 

c 1 a ve . 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):348, 1864 

[= laciniata var. bowringiana A. de Candolle, 1864].-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:533, 1939 [= laciniata 

subsp. boulringiana Irnischer, 1939].-J. 

Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:494, 1984. 

= palmata var. bowringiana J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

bowringiana liort. Sander, Gard. Chron., 111, 

33:24.i, 1903, non Champion, 1852.- 

Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10524, 1939. 

= cathayana Hemsley, 1908. 

brachybotrys Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:56, pl. 6j-m, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

28.12. 

brachyclada Urban & Ekman, Ark. Bot., 23A, 

5:99, 1930. West Indies: Haiti. Fig. 10.14. 

brachypoda O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 

7:15, 191 1. Haiti. Fig. 30.26. 

Begonia rose0 pore, folio aurito, manor et 

glabra Plumier in Tournfort, 1700. 

obliqua var. beta Linnaeus, 1753. 

repens var. beta Lamarck, 1785. 

brachyptera Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

29:160, 1948. New Guinea. Fig. 33.15. 

brachyptera Hayata in Kawakanii, List PI. Form., 

45, 1910, nomen nudum.-Liu & Lai, FI. 

Taiwan, 3:796, 1977. 

= hayatae Gagnepain, 19 19. 

bracteata Jack var. bracteata, Malay. Misc., 

2(7): 13, 1822.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. 

Java, 2:645, 1912 [= lepida Blume, 

18271.-fide L.B. Smith, nomen legitimum, J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. Sumatra. Sine figura. 

Diploclinium bracteatum Miquel, pro 

parte quoad pl., Jack, 1856. 

bracteata Jack var. gedeana A. de Candolle, 

Diploclinium bracteatum Miquel, 1856, 

bracteosa A. de Candolle, Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:132, 1859. Peru. Fig. 21.21. 

bracteosa sensu Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. 

Gard., 4:365, 1907, nor1 A. de Candolle, 

1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista Lniv. (Cuzco), 33(87):82, 1944. 

Prodr., 15( l):3 16, 1864. Java. 

pro parte quoad plant Javan. 

= juntasensis Kuntze, 1898. 

bradei Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:60, 1953. 

laetevirides hort. ex Ziesenhenne, 195 1, 

brandisiana Kiirz, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 40(2):58, 

1871; Flora, 54(19):295, 1871. Burma. 

Fig. 4.29. 

brasila A. de Candolle, Meni. SOC. Phys. Geneve, 

7:295, 1836, non Jard. Geneve 31; in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):344, 186 1. 

Brazil. Fig. 29.26. 

lion Gilg, 1905. 
146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

= hirtella Link var. hirtella, 1822. 

brasilianu Schrank ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 

2, 1:193, 1840, nomen nudum.-A. de 

Candolle, Mem. SOC. Phys. Geneve, 

7:295, 1836; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4( 1):344, 186 1, 

= hirtella Link var. hirtella, 1822. 

brasiliensis Klotzsch, Monatsber Konigl. Preuss 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 154, 1855; Begoniac. 34, 

1855.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 3:110, pl. 15, 1941; J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula Haworth, 18 19].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:24, 1953 [= fischeri var. brasiliensis Irmscher, 1953].-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 

1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

brasiliensis hort. ex Everett, J. New York Bot. 

Gard., 40:256, 1939. 

= acida \’ellozo, 183 1. 

brasiliensis sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert. 

Darwiniana, 5:110, pl. 15, 1941.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 186, 1959 

[= schubertiana Irmscher, 19591.-L.B. 

Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1 (Bego): 106, 197 1. 

= per-dusenii Brade, 1952. 

brassii Merrill M- Perry, J. Arnold. Arbor., 24:43, 

pl. 2a-f, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 27.39. 

bretschneiderana Hemsley in W.J. Hooker, Icon. 

PI., IV, 27:pl. 2635, 1900, “bretschneideriana”.-emend. Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:517, 1939.- 

Chun 8c F. Chun, Sunyatsenia, 4:24, pl. 7, 

1939. 

= leprosa Hance, 1883. 

brevicaulis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:135, 1859. India: Himalaya. Fig. 

12.5. 

brevicordata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:113, pl. lo-r, 1955. 

Peru. Fig. 12.10. 

brevicyma A. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69(12):3, 1919. Panama. Fig. 

24.12. 

brevilobata Irmscher var. brevilobata, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:63, 1953. Brazil. Fig. 

19.20. 

brevilobata Irmscher var. subtomentosa 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:64, 1953. 

Brazil. 

brevipes Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:378, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 16.25. 

brevipetala (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. Venezuela. Fig. 34.13. 

Casparya brevipetala A. de Candolle, 

brevirimosa Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:358, 

1913. New Guinea. Fig. 28.58. 

bridgesii A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 132, 1859. Bolivia. Fig. 30.17. 

brongniartiana Lemaire, Hort. Universe], 5:355, 

1844.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 1984. Descriptione 

inchoata. 

brongniartii Lemaire, Hort. Universel, 4: 136, 

pl., 1843, in ic., B. peltata in text. Fig. S3. 

brooksii hort., Begonian, 35:53, 1968, nomen 

nudum. Mexico. 

broussoneti$olia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., I\’, 1 1 : 133, 1859, “broussonetiaefolia.” Fig. 32.8. 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:60, 1958. 

= involucrata Liebmann var. involucrata, 

1853. 

bruneelii De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

2:318, pl. 78: fig. 1, 1908; Ann. Mus. 

Congo, V, 3:450, 19 12. 

1859. 

cuninghamei Sprague, 19 12. 

= macrocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

buchholzii Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:96, 1904. 

Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. Fig. 

20.35. 

buchtienii Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:595, 

1949. Bolivia. Fig. 29.35. 

buddleiifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 14 1, 1859, “buddleiaefolia”.-L.B. 
NUMBER 60 147 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:100, 

pl. 12, 1946. Venezuela to Peru. Fig. 

18.19. 

urticifolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 

Pilderia urticifolia Klotzsch, 1855. 

lantanfolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pilderia A. de Candolle, 1864. 

urticifolia Warburg, 1894. 

bufoderma L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phypapillosa Lindley, 184 1, non Graham, 

bui-montana Yaniamoto, J. Soc. Trop. Agric., 

5:353, 1933. Formosa. Sine figura. 

bulbifera hort. ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., 1:104, 

182 1, pro syn. evansiana Andrews, 18 1 1; 

non Loddiges ex Otto & Dietrich, 

184 1 .-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 1939. 

bulbifera Loddiges ex Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 9:59, 184 1, sphalmate pro 

bulbillifera Link 8c Otto, 183 1. 

bulbillifera Link & Otto, Icon. P1. Rar., 89, pl. 

45, 1831. Mexico. Fig. 27.16. 

bulbiferu Loddiges ex Otto & Dietrich, 

Knesebeckia bulbifera Klotzsch, 1854. 

tuberosa Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

bulbillifera Moricand ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):310, 1864, non Link & Otto, 1831; 

pro syn. gracilis var. martiana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

bulbosa Leveille, Repert. Nov. Sp., 7:21, 1909.- 

Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:282, 1919 [= sinensis A. de Candolle, 

1859].--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:494, 1939. 

1854. 

tologia, 52:445, 1983. Fig. S35. 

1828. 

1841. 

= grandis subsp. sinensis Irmscher, 1939. 

bullata J. Linden ex Van den Heede, Begonia, 

163, 1903, nomen nudum. Mexico. 

bullata Urban 8c Ekman, Ark. Bot., 23A(5):98, 

1930. West Indies: Haiti. Fig. 23.30. 

bulusanensis Elmer ex Merrill, Enum. Philipp. F1. 

PI., 3:120, 1923, in obs; nomen nudum. 

= binuangensis Merrill, 19 18. 

burbidgei Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 

11, 4:165, 1894. Borneo. Fig. 28.5. 

burkei hort., Veitchs’ Cat. 39, 1894, non visus. 

Burma. Descriptione inchoata. 

burkillii Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform., 110, 1920, 

“burkilli.” India: Himalaya. Sine figura. 

burkillii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8: 11 6, pl. 4, 1929, non Dunn, 1920; 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:100, 1953. 

= aceroides Irmscher, 1953. 

burle-marxii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro,l5:37, pl. 6: figs. 1-11, 1957. Brazil. Fig. 18.3. 

burmensis L.B. Smith 8c D.C. M‘asshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. Burma. Sine figura. 

macgregorii W.W. Smith, 1914, non 

buseyi Burt-Ltley, Brittonia, 34: 189, pl. 1, 1982. 

Central America: Panama. Fig. 9.8. 

buttonii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 178, pl. 

11: fig. 1, 1961. Africa: Natal. Fig. 5.19. 

Gelata in clave. 

Hilliard in Ross, FI. South Afr., 22: 14 1, 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 

Merrill, 19 12. 

1976. 

1868. 

caespitosa Jack, iMalay. Misc., 2(7):8, 1822. Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig. 24.7. 

Diploclinium caespitosum Miquel, 1856. 

caffra Meisner, Linnaea, 14:50 1, “ 1840,” 

184 1 .-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

384, 1864 [= dregei var. caffra A. de Candolle, 1864].-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 81:136, pl. 4: fig. lg-i, 1961.- 

Burtt., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 

32:274, 1973. 

= homonyma Steudel, 1840. 

caffra Meisner var. fauargeri (Rechinger) 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81: 137, 

1961.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Africa, 22:141, 1976. 

= homonyma Steudel, 1840. 
148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

caffra Drege ex A. de Candolle, Prodr. 

15( 1):384, 1864, pro syn. dregei var. caffra 

A. de Candolle, 1864.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:136, 1961 [= caffra Meisner, 18411.-Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. 

Gard. Endinburgh, 32:274, 1973. 

caffra sensu J.B. Davy, Man. PI. Transvaal, 232, 

1926, non visus.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. 

South. Afr., 22:137, 1976. 

= sonderana Irnischer, 196 1. 

= homonyma Steudel, 1840. 

calabarica Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform., 20, 1906.- 

Fotsch, Begonien, 41, 1933 [= modica 

Stapf, 1908].-Engler, Veg. Erde, 

9(3.2):617, 1921 [= whytei Stapf, 19051. 

-Hutchinson, Dalziel 8c Keay, FI. W. 

Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:218, 1954. 

= quadrialata Warburg var. quadrialata, 

1895. 

calcarea Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

Soc., 46:260, 1906. Borneo. Sine figura. 

calcicola Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:400, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 24.16. 

calciphylla; hort. ex J. Houlston, Florist Fruitist 

Gard. Misc., 92, 1853, nomen nudum. 

calderonii Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

Bot. Ser., 8:27, 1930. Central America. 

(Fig. 2.41, icon.) 

falcata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

calzfornica T.S. Brandegee, Proc. Calif. Acad. 

Sci., 3:104, 1891.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Washausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

1939. Fig. 2.41. 

= palmeri S. Watson, 1886. 

calliantha LMerrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:47, pl. 3a,b, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

16.30. 

calophylla Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):617, 

192 1. Cameroon. Sine figura. 

calophylla Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 6:351, 1927, non Gilg ex Engler, 

192 1 .-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:44 1, 1983. 

= algaia L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1983. 

cameroonensis L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen. 

Phytologia, 52:442, 1983. Cameroon. 

Sine figura. 

dielsiana Gilg, 1904, non Pritzel, 1900. 

camiguinensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7:2553, 

1913.-MerriIl, Enum. Philipp. FI., pl. 

119, 1923. 

= acuminatissima Merrill, 191 2. 

campos-portoana Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Janeiro, 13:85, pl. 9, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 

3.42. 

canaliculata Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 10:132, pl. 1, 1950.-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:44 1, 

1983. 

= sylvatica Meisner ex A. de Candolle, 1859. 

canarana Miquel, Anal. Bot. Ind., 3:18, 1852. 

rubella Miquel, 1852, non F. Hamilton, 

candicans Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J., 

candollei Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 36:35, pl., 

cantareira hort., Begonian, 17: 175, 258, 1950; 

India. Fig. 11.8, non typus. 

1825. 

185, 1827, non Begonia sed Bignonia. 

1969. Mexico. Fig. 30.9. 

Begonian, 19: 180, 1952. 

= acetosa Vellozo, 183 1. 

capaneniae Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 13:73, pl. 2, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 

31.21, icon. 

capensis Linnaeus f., Suppl. PI., 420, 1782.- 

Dryander, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

1 : 170, 179 1 .-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, 

FI. Madagascar, 144: 105, 1983. Brazil? 

Conioros? India? Descriptione inchoata. 

obliqua Linnaeus, 177 1, non Linnaeus, 

diptera Dryander, 179 1. 

1753. 

capensis Blanco, FI. Filip., 724, 1837.-Naves, 

FI. Filip., ed. 3, 3:127, pl. 413, 1879.- 

Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:393, 191 1. 

= nigritarum Steudel, 182 1. 

capillipes Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:96, 1904. 

Tropical Africa. Fig. 14.51. 

capituliforniis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:354, 19 13. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 

27.3 1. 
NUMBER 60 149 

caraguatatubensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Janeiro, 13:87, pls. 10, 11, 1954. Brazil. 

Fig. 32.19. 

cardiocarpa Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 13, 1853. Central 

America: Nicaragua. Fig. 22.23. 

Gireoudia cardiocarpa Klotzsch, 1854. 

cardiophora Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 8:104, pl. 2, 1929. Siam. Fig. 

11.9. 

cariocana Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:26, 1945, nomen nudum.-Brade ex L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:442, pl. 

1, 1983. Brazil. Fig. 4.19. 

riedelii var. latijolia Brade, 1845, nomen 

in eadem schedula cum cariocana. 

carletonii Standley, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 17:314, 

1927. Central America: Panama. Fig. 

26.17. 

carnosa Teijsmann & Binnendijk, Epim. Lugd. 

Bat., 4, 1863, non visus. Indonesia: Moluccas. Fig. 25.3. 

Diploclinium carnosum Teijsmann & Bincarnosula Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 4:20, 

1909. Malaya. Fig. 12.24. 

carolineifolia Regel, Gartenfl., 1 :259, pl. 25, 

1852, “caroliniaefolia.” Mexico, Guatemala. Fig. 5.2. 

nendijk, 1863. 

rotata Liebmann, 1853. 

Gireoudia carolinefolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia rotata Klotzsch, 1855. 

carollina in F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 18, 1974, sphalmate pro 

corallina Carriere, 1875. 

carpinifolia Liebmann var. carpinifolia, Vidensk. 

Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 20, 1853. Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. Fig. 20.23 

Gireoudia carpinijolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

carpinijolia Liebmann var. rubro-involucrata 

hort., Begonian, 8:122, 241, 1946, nomen 

nudum. Costa Rica. 

carrieae Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 43: 132, pl., 

1976. Mexico. Fig. S23. 

casiguranensis Quisumbing & Merrill, Philipp. J. 

Sci., 37:172, 1928. Philippines. Fig. 

2 1.34. 

caslerima sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 18, 1974, sphalmate 

pro consobrina Irmscher, 1937. 

castaneifolia hort. Petrop. ex Otto & Dietrich, 

Allg. Gartenzeitung, 4:356, 1836. Brazil. 

Descriptione inchoata. 

Tittelbachia castaneifolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

castaneijolia hort. Boissier ex A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):377, 1861, “castaneaefolia,” pro syn. fruticosa A. de Candolle, 1861. 

castanefolia Schott in Sprengel sensu A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):377, 1861, 

pro syn. fruticosa A. de Candolle, 186 1 .- 

L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1(Bego):18, 1971, errore A. de Candollei, 

castaneifolia Schott in Sprengel, Syst., 

4(App.):407, 1827, non Begonia sed Othlis. 

castilloi Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:38, 1918. 

Philippines. Fig. 25.20. 

cataractarurn J. Braun & K. Schuniacher, Mitth. 

Forsch ungsreisenden Gel. Deutsch, 

Schutzgeb., 2: 167, 1889. West Tropical 

Africa. Sine figura. 

catharinensis Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:3 1, pl. 3, 

1945. Brazil. Fig. 30.39, icon. 

cathayana Hemsley, Bot. Mag., vol. 134, pl. 

8202, 1908. China. Fig. 12.13, icon. 

bowringiana hort. Sandler, 1903. 

cathcartii J.D. Hooker & Thomson, 11. Himal. 

PI., pl. 13, 1855. India: Sikkim. Fig. 28.2. 

Platycentrum cathcartii Klotzsch, 1855. 

nemophila Kuri, 1877. 

caudata Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:41, 1918. 

Philippines. Fig. 25.15. 

caudilimba C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69( 12):9, 191 9.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4( 16): 15, pl. 2, 

1946. 

= nelumbiifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso, 

1830. 

cavaleriei Leveille var. cavaleriei, Repert. Nov. 

Sp., 7:20, 1909. China. Fig. 3.21. 

esquirolii Leveille, 19 12. 
150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

cavaleriei Lkvill6 var. pinfaensis L6veill6, Repert. Nov. Sp., 7:20, 1909. China. 

cavallyensis A. Chevalier, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 

5 8 ( M em. 8 d): 1 7 6, “ 1 9 1 1 , ” 1 9 1 2. - M . L . 

Thompson, Begonian, 44:295, 1977. 

West Africa, Ivory Coast. Descriptione inchoata. 

eminii hort., 1967, non Warburg, 1895. 

rubro-marginata sensu F.A. Barkley, 

cavum Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 15:20, 1948. 

Mexico. Fig. 28.30. 

cebadillensis Houghton in Standley & Calderon, 

Lista Prelim. PI. Salvad., 156, 1925, nomen nudun1.-Houghton ex L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 

16 1 :26, pl. 3, 1946. Central America. Fig. 

27.5. 

celebica Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:343, 

1913; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:573, pl. 4: fig. 

25a,b, 19 14. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 

28.4. 

cerasiphvlla L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. Brazil. Fig. 14.1. 

scandens Vellozo, 183 1, non Swartz, 

chaetocarpa Kuntze var. chaetocarpa, Revis. 

Gen. PI., 3(12):105, 1898. Bolivia. Fig. 

19.23. 

chaetocarpa Kuntze var. glabriflora L.B. Smith 

8c B.G. Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 

33(87):76, 1944. Bolivia. 

chapecoensis Brade, Sellowia, 9:33, pl. 4, 1958.- 

L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1 (Bego): 106, 197 1. 

1974, non Gilg, 1904. 

1788. 

= per-dusenii Brade, 1952. 

charadrophila Tutin, J. Bot., 78:251, 1940.- 

L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:442, 1983. 

= filipes Bentham, 1845. 

chepoensis C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69(12):8, 1919.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:.56, 19.58. 

= filipes Bentham, 1844. 

chevalieri Warburg ex A. Chevalier, Bull. Soc. 

Bot. France, 58(Mem. 8d):177, “191 1,” 

1912. Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. 

Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:219, 1954. 

= rostrata Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker var. 

rostrata, 187 1. 

chevalieri sensu Exell, J. Bot., 67, suppl., 1:197, 

1929, non Warburg ex Chevalier, 

191 1 .-Fernandes, Bol. Soc. Brot., 11, 

44:10, pls. 5, 6, 1970. 

= rostrata var. brachyptera Fernandes, 

1970. 

chimborazo hort., Begonian, 17: 18, 1950, nomen 

nu d u ni . Guatemala. 

chingii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:519, 1939. China. Fig. 8.40. 

chiriquensis Standley, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

27:32 1, 1940.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 I. 

chiriquina C. de Candolle, Smithsonian, Misc. 

Collect., 69( 12):8, 1919.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:66, 1958. 

= seemanniana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

chitoensis Liu Lk Lai, FI. Taiwan, 3:793, pl. 820, 

1977. China: Taiwan. Fig. S39. 

chivatoa Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 17:54, pl. 

1950. Mexico. Fig. 4.32. 

chlorolepis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:16, pl. 3, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 17.1 

chlorosticta Sands, Bot. Mag., ns., vol. 183(4), 

pl. 827, 1982. Borneo. Editus sero pro 

c 1 a v e . 

ciliata Humboldt, Bonpland 8c Kunth, Nov. Gen. 

Sp.,vol. 7, folio 136,quarto 178, 1825.- 

A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):344, 1861. 

= hirtella Link var. hirtella, 1822. 

ciliata Humboldt, Bonpland Lk Kunth var. nana 

Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4( 1):34.5, 1861, pro syn. hirtella var. 

nana A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

ciliata Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1.5( 1):33 1, 1864, non Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 1825; pro syn subcilliata 

A. de Candolle var. subcilliata, 1864. 
NUMBER 60 151 

ciliata hort. ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1:193, 

1840, non Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

1825; pro syn. insignis Graham, 1829.- 

Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:213, 1843. 

= incarnata Link & Otto var. incarnata, 

1829. 

ciliato-bracteata Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 16, 

192 1, sphalmate pro cilio-bracteata, Warburg, 1895. 

cilibracteola C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69( 12):5, 1919.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:.57, 1958 [= jischeri var. tovarensis 

Irmscher, 19531.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

ciliifera Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:376, “1 9 1 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. S 18. 

cilio-bracteata Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:40, 

1895. Ghana to Congo. Fig. 22.6. 

subfalcata De Wildeman, 1908. 

cincinnifera Irmscher, Webbia, 9:494, pl. 5, 

1953. Borneo. Fig. 21.49. 

cinnabarina W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 75, pl. 

4483, 1849. Bolivia. Fig. 29.2, icon. 

circumlobata Hance, J. Bot., 21:203, 1883. 

cirrosa L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytolocrispula Yu ex Irmscher, 1951, non 

Brade, 1950. 

cladocarpa Baker, J. Bot., 20: 1 13, 1882.-M. 

Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 

144:97, pl. 30, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 

4.51. 

cladocarpoides Hunibert ex Aymonin & Bosser, 

F1. Madagascar, 144:82, pl. 25: figs. 4-6, 

1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro clave. 

clarkei J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 93, pl. 5675, 

1867.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13: 

186, 1941 [= cinnabarina W.J. Hooker, 

1849].-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:466, 1984, nomen legitimum. Peru, Bolivia. Fig. 28.32. 

aurantiaca hort. ex Planchon, 1849. 

China. Fig. 4.46. 

gia, 52:442, 1983. China. Sine figura. 

clarkei sensu Rusby, Mem. Torry Bot. Club, 6:43, 

1896, sphalmate pro veitchii J.D. Hooker, 

1867. 

clavicaulis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamberg, 10:500, 1939. China. Fig. 29.14. 

clemensiae Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

29: 16 1, 1948. New Guinea. Fig. 6.12. 

clivalis Ridley, J. Asiat. Soc. Straits, 54:43, 19 10, 

non visus.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 8:144, pls. 8,9, 1929. 

= sinuata var. clivalis Irmscher, 1929, pro 

parte. 

= martabanica var. pseudoclivalis Irmscher, 

1929, pro parte. 

clypeifolia J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:576, 1871. Gabon. Fig. 2.13. 

cobana C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:322, 1908.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24:181, 1961 [= sartorii Liebmann, 18531.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):337, 1864. 

= sarcophylla Liebmann, 1853. 

coccinea W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 69, pl. 

3990, 1843. Brazil. Fig. 30.40, icon. 

Pritzelia coccinea Klotzsch, 1854. 

rubra hort. ex Irmscher, 1960. 

coccinea var. Comte Alfred de Limering Regel, Gartenflora, 17: 194, 1868.--Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:29, 1953 [= limmingheana 

Morren, 18661.-L.B. Smith & R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin, 1(Bego)l4, 1971 [= 

procumbens Vellozo, 183 11.-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 

1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

coccinea var. A. de Liming Regel, Gartenflora, 

17: 19 1, pl. 584, 1868.--Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:29, 1953 [= limmingheana 

Morren, 1866].-L.B. Smith & R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 1(Bego):14, 1971 

[= procumbens Vellozo, 183 I].-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

coccinea Ruiz & Pavon ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 247, 1855; 
152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Begoniac., 127, pl. 1 lC, 1855, pro syn. 

Casparya hirta Klotzsch, 1855; non W.J. 

Hooker, 1843.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):273, 1864 [= Casparya cordifolia var. 

hirta A. de Candolle, 18641.-L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:192, 1941, pro parte. 

= hirta L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. 

hirta, 1941. 

coccinea Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

248, 1855; Begoniac., 128, 1855, pro syn. 

Casparya coccinea Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):274, 1864 [= Casparya columnaris var. glabra A. de Candolle, 1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:33, 1946, pro parte. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

cognata Irmscher, Webbia, 9:477, 1953. Borneo. 

Fig. 28.61. 

collaris Brade, Bot. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 

Bot., 1:14, pl. 5, 1944. Brazil. Fig. 29.28, 

icon. 

collina Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:135, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 13.18. 

collisiae Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 14:424, 1919. 

Philippines. Fig. 4.30. 

colombiana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:29, pl. 6, 1946.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:242, 1979 [= 

longirostris Bentham, 1845].-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 55:112, 

1984, nomen legitimum. Colombia. Fig. 

14.40. 

colorata Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. Philipp., 51, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 25.6. 

columnaris Bentham, PI. Hartw 13 1, 1844.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):274, 1864 [= 

Casparya columnaris A. de Candolle, 

1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:33, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 1781. 

columnaris Bentham var. glabra (A. de Candolle) L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field 

Mus. Kat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:187, 1941; 

Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

columnaris herb. Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 

1854, pro syn. Casparya columnaris 

Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):273, 1864 [= Casparya cordifolia, 

1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:192, 

1941. 

= hirta L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. 

hirta, 1941. 

columnaris Pavon in herb. Boissier ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):274, 1864, pro syn. 

Casparya columnaris var. glabra A. de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13:187, 1941 [= columnaris var. glabra 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 19411; Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

comata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl., 3(2):105, 1898. 

Bolivia. Fig. 20.25. 

comorensis Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 139, 1894, nomen 

nudum; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:38, 1895.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984 [= salaziensis var. comorensis L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

19841. Comoros. Gelata in clave. 

M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 

144:98, pl. 31, 1983, nomen legitimum. 

Editus sero pro clave. 

Meziera salaziensis var. comorensis A. de 

seychellensis Hemsley, 19 16. 

salaziensis Gaudichaud var. comorensis 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1984. 

compacticaulis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

74:612, 1949.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:244, 252, pl. 5, 

1979. Ecuador. Fig. 1.4, non typus. 

griseocaulis sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert 1952, pro parte, non 

Irmscher, 1949. 

comperei Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

Candolle, 1864. 

39:92, 1969. Congo. Fig. 22.8. 
NUMBER 60 153 

complicata (Hasskarl) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):399, 1864. Descriptione inchoata. 

Tittelbachia complicata Hasskarl, 1858. 

ottonis hort. Bogor. ex A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

conipta Bull, Cat., 7, 1886, non visus. Brazil. 

concanensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:126, 1859. India. Fig. 34.2. 

conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 193258, 1851, “conchaefolia.” 

Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. 

Fig. 2.2, non typus. 

scutellata Liebmann, 1853. 

Gireoudia conchifolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia conrhifolia var. scutellata 

Gireoudia ronchifolia var. warscewicziana 

Gireoudia warscewicziana hort. ex 

pumilo Standley, 1940, non Irmscher, 

conchifolia Dietrich var. rubrimacula J. Golding, Begonian, 40:173-179, 188-190, 

1973. Costa Rica. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

1929. 

‘Zip’ hort., 1959. 

concinna Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 

4(App.):408, 1827. Brazil. Fig. 2.44, non 

typus. 

peltata A. de Candolle, 1859, non Otto 

confertiJora Gardner, Lond. J. Bot., 4: 134, 

1845.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):378, 1861. 

= arborescens var. confertiflora A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

confinis L.B. Sniith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, .iS:297, pl. 2, 1983. Venezuela, Fig. 

18.24. 

confusa L.B. Sniith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 161:27, pl. 3, 1946. Central America: Guatemala. Fig. 9.24. 

congesta Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:253, 1906. Sarawak. Fig. 16.21. 

conraui Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:87, 1904.- 

Engler, \.leg. Erde, 9(3.2):614, 1921. 

= ox~.loba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 1871. 

8c Dietrich, 184 1. 

consanguinea Merrill, Sarawak Mus. J., 3:53 1, 

1928. Sarawak. Fig. 18.10. 

consobrina Irmscher, Biblioth, Bot., 116:111, 

1937. Ecuador. Fig. 20.6. 

contracta Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. 

Philip., 54, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 21.51. 

sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merrill, 1923. 

convallariodora C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 

20:538, 1895. Mexico, Central America. 

Fig. 20.30. 

convolvulacea (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):367, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 

26.2 1, non typus. 

geniculata Vellozo, 183 1, non Jack, 

rugosa hort ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Wageneria rugosa Klotzsch, 1854. 

scandens hort. Schoenbrun ex Klotzsch, 

Wageneria conuoluulacea Klotzsch, 1855. 

Wageneria schottiana Klotzsch, 1855. 

repens Schott ex A. de Candolle 1864, 

unialata C. de Candolle, 190 1. 

cooperi C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:539, 1895. 

Central America: Costa Rica. Fig. 17.13. 

copelandii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:401, “191 1 ,” 

191 2. Philippines. Fig. 26.19. 

copeyana C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:316, 1908. Costa Rica. Fig. 22.14. 

corallina Carriere, Rev. Hort., 47:89, 1875. Brazil. Fig. 30.49, non typus. 

cordata Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 34, 

“1 827,” 183 1, icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio 

de Janeiro, 5:403, 188 1, desc. Brazil. Fig. 

24.2, icon. 

cordifolia (Wight) Thwaites var. cordifolia, 

Enuni. PI. Zeyl., 129, 1859. India, Ceylon. Fig. 8.6, icon. 

Diploclinium cordifolium Wight, 1852. 

cordifolia Thwaites var. insularis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):329, 1964. Ceylon. 

cordifolia Thwaites var. hirta in Buxton Check 

List Begonias, 42, 1957, sphalmate; nomen nudum. 

cordifolia sensu Warburg in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, pl. 48F, 1894, 

1822. 

1855. 

non Lamarck, 1785. 
154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

non A. de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. Smith 

and B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

Bot. Ser., 13:192, 1941. 

= hirta var. cordifolia L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 194 1. 

coriacea Hasskarl, Cat. Hort. Bogor. Alt., 

192:311, 1844; PI. Jav. Rar., 239, 1848; 

Hott, Bogor. Descr., 328, 1858. Java. 

(Fig. 2.30, icon.) 

peltata Hasskarl, 1843, non Otto & Dietrich, 1841. 

hasskarlii Zollinger & Mortizi, 1846. 

hernandiijiolia W.J. Hooker, pl. 4676, 

umbilicata hort. ex Planchon, 1853. 

hernandiijiolia sensu Seemann, 1854. 

iZlitscherlichia coriacea Klotzsch, 1855. 

Mitscherlichia junghuhniana Miquel, 

junghuhniana Miquel, 1857. 

junghuhniana f. acutijiolia Miquel ex 

coriacea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:122, 1859, non Hasskarl, 1844; 

Prodr., 15( 1):286, 1864.-J. Golding, 

Phytologia, 47:295, 198 1. 

= tominana J. Golding, 198 1. 

1852. Fig. 2.30. 

1856. 

Koorders, 19 12. 

coriacea sensu Grisebach, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, 24:136, 1879, non Hasskarl, 1844 [= 

hieronymi Lindau, 1894].-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:96, pl. 7, 

1941. 

= niicranthera var. hieronymi L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 194 1. 

cornitepala Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:41, 

1953. Brazil. Fig. 20.47. 

cornuta L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:25, pl. 5, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 30.46. 

coronensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 26:480, 1925. 

Philippines. Fig. 8.48. 

corredorana C. de Candolle, Candollea, 2:227, 

1925. Central America: Costa Rica. Fig. 

32.3 1. 

corzoensis Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 38:55, pl., 

197 1. Mexico. Fig. 2.34. 

coursii Humbert ex Keraudren. FI. Madapascar. 

144:66, pl. 18: figs. 9-14, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro clave. 

cowellii Nash, Addisonia, 1:9, pl. 5, 1916. Cuba. 

Fig. 5.24. 

crassicaulis Lindley, Bot. Reg., 28, pl. 44, Misc. 

22, 1842. Guatemala. Fig. 1.1 

Gireoudia crassicaulis Klotzsch, 1854. 

crassicaulis (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 149, 

1894, non Lindley, 1842.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:442, 

1983. 

= pachyrachis L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 1983. 

crassipes Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):619, 

1921. Cameroon. Fig. 14.17. 

crassirostris Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 1Q:513, 1939. China. Fig. 30.53. 

crassisetulosa sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, 

Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2, 24, 1974, sphalmate pro laciniata subsp. crassisetulosa 

Irmscher, 1939. 

crateris Exell, Cat. Vasc. PI. S. Tome, 189, pl. 

9A, 1944.-Ferreira, Garcia de Orta, 

13:533, 1965. 

= baccata J.D. Hooker, 1866. 

crenata Dryander, Trans. Linn. SOC., 1:162, pl. 

14: fig. 3, 1791. India. Fig. 8.18, icon. 

minima Beddome, 186 1. 

Sauria crenata Hasskarl, 1855. 

crenata sensu Maycock, F1. Barbad., 357, 1830, 

non Dryander, 179 1 .-Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:22, 1911 [= macrophylla 

Lamarck, 1785, probabiliter sensu 

Schulz1.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 44:246, 

1980. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753. 

crenata Fischer ex Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 

2:217, 1843, pro syn. jinlaysoniana Wallich, 1831. 

crenatzjlora (Klotzsch & Putzeys) A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):306, 1864.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. W’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 

1984. 

= biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 1847. 

crenatifolia Hemslev. Biol. Cent. Amer.. Rot.. 0 ~~ ’ J /’ , - -_., 
NUMBER 60 155 

1 :494, 1880, sphalmate pro crenatajlora A. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

crenulata Schott ex A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):358, 1861, pro syn. angularis Raddi var. angularis, 1820. 

crinita Oliver ex J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 

97, pl. 5897, 1871. Bolivia. Fig. 29.3, 

icon. 

crispipila Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 2:737, 

19 10. Philippines. Fig. 2 1.42. 

crispula Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

10:134, pls. 3, 4, 1950. Brazil. Fig. 7.12, 

icon. 

crispula Yu ex Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 2 1 :38, 195 1, non Brade, 

1950.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:442, 1983. 

= cirrosa L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1983. 

cristata Warburg ex Koorders, Natuurw. 

Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, 63:90, 1904, nomen 

nudun1.-n’arburg ex L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:442, pl. 2, 

1983. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 27.24. 

cristobalensis Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 38:82. pl., 

197 1. Mexico. Fig. 22.16. 

croatii Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 34: 196, pl. 5, 1982. 

Panama. Fig. 25.22, icon. 

cruenta Graham ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 

1:193, 1840, nomen nudum. 

cryptocarpa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:90, pl. 10, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 

30.47. 

cuatrecasasiana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 104, pl. 13, 1946, “cuatrecasana.” 

Colombia. Fig. 16.18. 

cubensis Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 342, 

1858. West Indies: Cuba. Fig. 12.16. 

cubincola A. de Candolle, 1859. 

lindeniana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

plagioneura Milne-Redhead, 1930. 

cubincola A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:124, 1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:12, 191 1. 

= cubensis Hasskarl, 1858. 

cubincola var. sensu Grisebach, Cat. PI. Cub., 

117, 1866.-0.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:17, 191 1. 

= wrightiana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, Sp. PI., 

4:4 14, 1 805.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:330, 1982. Brazil. Fig. 12.25, non 

typus. 

semperflorens Link & Otto, 1828.- 

Loddiges, 1829.-Graham, 1829. 

Hooker, 1829.-Reichenbach, 1830. 

dispar Reichenbach, 1829. 

setaria hort. anglicis ex Graham, 1829. 

sellovii hort. ex Hooker, 1829. 

hookeri Sweet, 1830. 

sellowii Klotzsch, 1855. 

cucullqolia Hasskarl, 1858. 

sellowii hort. anglicis ex A. de Candolle, 

semperflorens var. hookeri A. de Cansemperflorens var. sellowii A. de Canpaludicola C. de Candolle, 19 14. 

cucullata var. hookeri L.B. Smith & B.G. 

cucullata Willdenow var. spatulata (Loddiges) 

J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:350, 1982. 

Brazil. 

spatulata Loddiges, 18 18; Haworth, 

spatulata Hornemann, 18 19. 

cuneata Walpers, 1843. 

nervosa Desfontaines ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

cucullata sensu Klotzsch, 1855. 

cucullata sensu A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

agrial Rojas, 19 13. 

cucullata var. typica sensu L.B. Smith & 

cucullata Willdenow var. arenosicola (C. de 

Candolle) L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Darwiniana, 5: 106, 194 1 .-J. Golding, 

Phytologia, 50:350, 1982. Argentina, 

Paraguay. 

1861. 

dolle, 186 1. 

dolle, 1861. 

Schubert, 1941. 

1819. 

B.G. Schubert, 194 1. 

cucullata sensu Bettfreund, 1900. 

subcucullata C. de Candolle, 1903. 

subcucullata var. arenosicola C. de Can- 
156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

dolle, 1903. 

cucullata Willdenow var. typica sensu L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 

5: 10 1, 194 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:350, 1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

cucullata Willdenow var. hookeri (A. de Candolle) L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5: 104, 194 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

cucullata Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 254, 1855; Begoniac., 134, 1855, pro syn. Sassea glabra 

Klotzsch, 1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):274, 1864 [= Casparya columnaris 

var. glabra A. de Candolle, 1864].-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 

1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var urticae, 178 1. 

cucullata sensu Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 147, 1855; Begoniac., 27, 1855.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:349, 1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

cucullata sensu A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4( 1):342, 1861 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:349, 1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

cucullata sensu Bettfreund, F1. Argentina, 

2:94, pl. 58, 1900.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:354, 1982. 

= cucullata var. arenosicola L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 194 1. 

cucullfolia Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 3 11, 

1858.-A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. 

Bras., 4(1):342, 1861 [= semperflorens 

Link & Otto, 18281.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

cuernavacensis Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 26:9, pl., 

1959. Mexico. Fig. 27.9. 

cultrata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 57:243, 

1921. Tropical West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 

14.52. 

curningiana A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):320, 

1864. Philippines. Fig. 16.10. 

Petermannia cumingiana Klotzsch, 1855. 

Diploclinium cumingianum Miquel, 

cumingii A. Gray, U.S. Expl. Exped. Phan., 

15:658, 1834.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):320, 1864.-Merrill, Philipp. J. 

Sci., 3:84, pl. 3, 1908; Philipp. J. Sci., 

6:384, “191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 

27.1 1. 

1856. 

philippinensis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

cuneata Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:214, 1843, 

pro spathulata Willdenow ex Sprengel, 

1825.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 

1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

cuneatifolia Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:370, 

19 13. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 2 1.4. 

cuninghamei Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform., 340, 

1912.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 33(87):80, pl. 23, 

1944. 

= bridgesii A. de Candolle, 1859. 

cupreata hort. ex Herincq, Horticulteur Franc., 

8:68,1858,nomennudum; 11:147,1861. 

curtii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 43:114, 1955. Brazil. Fig. 

32.25, icon. 

velata Brade, 1950, non L.B. Smith & 

curtisii Ridley, J. Asiat. SOC. Straits, 59: 106, 

19 1 1, non visus.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:149, 1929. Siam. 

Fig. 28.52. 

cuspidata C. de Candolle, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. 

Belgique, 35:260, 1896.-Standley, Field 

Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot., 18:744, 1937. 

cyathophora Poeppig & Endlicher, Gen. et Sp., 

1:7, pl. 14, 1835. Peru. Fig. 33.4. 

obliqua Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

Cyathochemis obliqua Klotzsch, 1855. 

roezlii Lynch, 1879. 

lynchiana J.D. Hooker, 1884. 

cyathophora sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:188, 

B.G. Schubert, 1941. 

= multinervia Liebmann, 1953. 
NUMBER 60 157 

194 1, non Poeppig 8c Endlicher, 1835.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:586, 1949. 

= subciliata A. de Candolle var. subciliata, 

18.59. 

cyclophylla J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 113, 

pl. 6926, 1887.-emend. Irmscher Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:508, 

1939.-LV.Y. Chun 8c F. Chun, Sunyatsenia, 4:23, 1939. 

= fimbristipula Hance, 1883. 

cylindrata L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 127:25, 1939. Mexico. Fig. 

27.2. 

cylzndricaulis Bvade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 15:169, 1954, nonien in index; = 

similis Brade, 1944.-Irmscher, Pareys 

Blumengartnerei, ed. 2:75, 1960. 

cynibalifei-a L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert var. 

cymbalifera, Caldasia, 4: 106, pl. 13, 1946. 

Colombia. Fig. 16.16. 

cvnibalifera L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert var. 

recta L.B. Sniitli 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 106, 1946. Colombia. 

= pulchella Raddi, 1820. 

daedalea Leniaire, Ill. Hort., 7, niisc. 54, 1860; 

111. Hort., 8, pl. 269, 1861.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):342, 1864. 

= strigillosa Dietrich, 185 1. 

dasycarpa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Sat. Bot., 

IL‘, 11:127, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):341, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 19.4. 

dasypoda Meisner ex A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):345, 1861, pro syn. hirtella 

Link vai-. hii-tella, 1822. 

davidsoniae Standlev ex L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Scliubevt, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:242, pl. 

1 ,l-o, 1950, “davidsonae.” Panama. Fig. 

24.14. 

davisii J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 102, pl. 

62.52, 1876. Peru. Fig. 8.41, icon. 

davisii hort. L’eitch ex J.D. Hooker, 

weddelliana sensu Britton, 1890, non A. 

dauisii ho1.t. \’eitch ex J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 

1876. 

de Candolle, 1859. 

vol. 102, pl. 6252, 1876, pro syn. davisii 

J.D. Hooker, 1876. 

dayi hort., Begonian, 14:174, pl., 183, 1947.- 

Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 49: 178, 1981 

= nzgrouenia hort. Linden ex W.J. Hooker, 

186 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40:458, 

1978 [fortasse errato]. 

= pinetorum A. de Candolle, 1859. 

dealbata Liebniann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 5, 1853. Mexico. 

Fig. S31. 

debilis King, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. 

Hist., 71:60, 1902. Malaya. Fig. 30.14. 

decaisneana Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. hat. 

(Paris), 25:282, 1919.-J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. 

= timorensis J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, 

1984. 

decandra Pavon ex A. de Candolle, t\nn. Sci. 

hat. Bot., I\’, 11:122, 1859. West Indies: 

Puerto Rico. Fig. 17.10. 

acutijdia Klotzsch, 1835, non Jacquin, 

portoricensis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

decandra Sesse 8c Mocino, 1894. 

1787. 

decandra Sesse 8c Mocino, FI. Mex., ed. 2:219, 

1894.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 

Contr. Gray Herb., 154:27, 1945. 

= decandra Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1859. 

decaryana Humbert, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 

118:737, pl. 3: figs. 6-10, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 2.1. 

declinata \‘ellozo, F1. Fluni., vol. 10, pl. 44, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Sat. Rio 

de Janeiro, 5:405, 188 1, desc. Brazil. Fig. 

14.2 1, icon. 

decora Stapf, Gard. Chron., 111, 12:621, 1892. 

Malaya. Sine figura. 

praeclara King, 1909. 

delavayi Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

2.5; 197, 191 9.--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 6:346, 1927. 

delicatula Parish ex C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, 

FI. Brit. Ind., 2:6.52, 1879. Burma. Fig. 

10.7. 

= heni-yi Hemsley, 1887. 
158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

deliciosa Linden ex Fotsch, Begonien, 8 1, pl. 33, 

1933. Borneo. Descriptione inchoata. 

deniissa Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 409, 1930. 

Siani. Fig. 11.16. 

densifolia Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:42, 

1953. Brazil. Fig. 17.28. 

densiretis Irmscher, Webbia, 9:490, 1953. Borneo. Fig. 18.14. 

dentata Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):307, 1864, pro syn. angustiloba A. 

de Candolle, 1859. 

dentatiloba A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11: 140, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 16.5. 

arutijolia herb. L‘indob. ex A. de Candolle, 1861, non Jacquin, 1787. 

denticulata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. 

Gen. Sp., 7, folio 139, quarto 182, 1825. 

L’ene~uela. Fig. 25.16. 

fagopyroides Kunth & Bouche, 1849. 

Moschkowitzia fagopyroides Klotzsch, 

1854. 

fagopyroides var. fendlerana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

depauperata Schott in Sprengel, Syst., Veg., 

4(App.):408, 1827.--Wawra, Bot. 

Ergeb. Reise Bras., pl. 49, 1866. Bra7il. Fig. 13.3, icon. 

rhzzocarpa Fischer ex Otto & Dietrich, 

1843. 

Trachelanthus rhizocarpus Klotzsch, 

1855. 

Trachelocarpus rhizocarpus C. Mueller in 

it’alpers, 1858. 

rhizocarpa Fischer ex A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

deryckxiana Lemaire, Hort. Universel, 5:355, 

1844.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):343, 1864. 

= nelunibiifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso, 

1830. 

descoleana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Lilloa, 

23: 143, pl., 1950. Argentina. Fig. 16.15, 

icon. 

diadema Linden ex Rodigas, Illustr. Hortic., 

29:43, pl. 446, 1882. Borneo. Fig. 5.9. 

dzamantina hort. ex Lescuyer, Horticulteur 

Franc., 11, 3:147, 1861, nomen nudum. 

dichotoma Jacquin, Coll., 3:250, “1 789,” 1790; 

Icon. PI. Rar., 3(8), pl. 619, “1786-1793,” 

1792. Colombia, Venezuela. Fig. 3 1.1 1, 

11 on t y pu s . 

sulcata Scheidweiler, 1848. 

Sauria sulcata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Wageneria dichotoma Klotzsch, 1854. 

sucrensis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

dichroa Spague, Bull. Misc. Inform., 25 1, 

1908.-T.A. Sprague, Bot. Mag., vol. 

138, pl. 8412, 1912. Brazil. Fig. 30.15, 

icon. 

dielsiana E. Pritzel in Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

29:479, 1900. China. Fig. 24.9. 

dielsiana Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:91, 1904, 

non E. Pritzel, 1900.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:442, 1983. 

cameroonensis L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, 1983. 

dietrichiana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:60, 

1953. Brazil. (Fig. 30.1 .) 

fischeri Otto & Dietrich, 1836, non 

Pritzeliafischeri Klotzsch, 1854. 

dqformis sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:29, 1974, sphalmate 

pro laciniata subsp. d@ormis Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:531, 

1939. 

diffusa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:32, pl. 6, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 18.6. 

diffusiflora Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:46, pl. 2m,n, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

17.14. 

digitata Raddi var. digitata, Mem. Mod., 18:406, 

182O.--Irnischer, Webbia, 12:448, 1957. 

Brazil. Fig. 4.4. 

verticillata Vellozo, 183 1, non Hooker, 

1852. 

Scheidweileria digitata Klotzsch, 1854. 

1952. 

- 

Schrank, 1820. Fig. 30.1, icon. 

digitata Raddi var. rufescens Irmscher, Webdigitata hort. ex Lemaire, Jard. Fleur, 1:14, 

bia, 12:475, 1957. Brazil. 

1851, non Raddi, 1820. 

= pentaphylla Walpers, 1843. 

digyna Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 
NUMBER 60 159 

6:352, 1927. China. Fig. 4.45. 

dimidiata Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 46, 

“1 827,” 183 1, icon; nomen nudum; Arch. 

Mus. Nat. Rio de Janeiro, 5:406, 1881, 

descr.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):378, 1861. Fig. 17.16, icon. 

= arborescens Raddi var. arborescens, 1820. 

dioica F. Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. FI. Nepal, 

223, 182.5. India. Fig. 8.44, non typus. 

tenella D. Don, 1825. 

erosa M‘allich 183 1, pro parte. 

amoena U’allich ex A. de Candolle, 

dipetala C;rahani, Bot. Mag., vol. 55, pl. 2849, 

1828.--Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or., 5(2):9, pl. 

1813, 1852. India. Fig. 30.35, icon. 

tuberosa herb. Wight ex Wallich, no. 

tuberosa Heyne ex Wight, 1840. 

Haagea dipetala Klotzsch, 1854. 

malabarica wr. dipetala Thwaites, 1859. 

diptera Dryinder, Trans. Linn. SOC., 1 : 170, 

179 1 .-Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl., 

1:60.i, 1811. 

1864. 

3675A, 1831. 

= capensis Linnaeus f., 178 1. 

discolor R. Brown in Xiton, Hort. Kew, ed. 2, 

5:284, 18 13.-Steudel, Norn. Bot., 

1 : 104, 182 1 [= evansiana Andrews, 

18 1 I].-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 1939. 

discolor Spi-engel, Syst. Veget., 2:625, 1825, 

quoad pl. Sieber.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:22, 191 1 [= macrophylla 

Larnarck, 1785].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

45:246, 1980. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753. 

discolor sensu Blume, Enuni. PI. Java, 96, 

1827.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 

2:646, 1912. 

= multangula Blume var. multangula, 1827. 

discrepans Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76: 100, 

1953. China. Fig. 3 1.20. 

tenuicaulis Irmscher, 1939, non A. de 

Candolle, 1859. 

discreta Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 410, 1930. 

Siani. Fig. 8.5. 

dispar Reichenbach, Mitth. LandLv., 54, 1829, 

non visus; Icon. Bot. Exot., 12, 1830 [= 

semperflorens Loddiges, 18291.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:340, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

dissecta Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:178, pl. 

11: fig. 2, 1961.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. 

South. Afr., 22:141, 1976. 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 

1868. 

disticha Link, Enuni. PI. Hort. Berol., 2:396, 

1822.-Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854. 

= stipulacea Willdenow, 1805. 

disticha hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

1854, non Link, 1822 [= suaveolens Loddiges, 18 171.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:19, 191 1. 

= odorata Willdenow, 18 13. 

divaricata Irmscher var. divaricata, Webbia, 

9:473, 1953. Sumatra. Fig 21.14 

divaricata f. typica Irmscher, 1953. 

divaricata Irmscher f. minor Irmscher, Webdivaricata Irmscher f. typica Irmscher, Webbia, 

= divaricata Irmscher var. divaricata, 1953. 

diversijiolia Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J., 

183, 1829; Bot. Mag., vol. 57, pl. 2966, 

1830.-Liebmann, L’idensk. Meddel. 

Dansk. Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn 1852, 

p. 4, 1853 [= martiana Link & Otto, 

1829].-A. de Candolle, Prodr. 15( 1): 

310, 1864. 

= gracilis var. diversifolia A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

diversifolia var. nana Walpers, Nov. Actorum 

Acad. Caes-Leop. Nat. Cur., 16, suppl., 

2(19, suppl. 1):408, 1843.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):345, 1861. 

diversifolia Knowles & Wescott, FI. Cab., 1:27, 

pl. 14, 1837.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

= gracilis var. diversifolia A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

bia, 9:475, 1953. Sumatra. 

9:475, 1953. 

= hirtella var. nana A. de Candolle, 186 1. 
160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

diversistipulata Irmscher. Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

74:622, pl. 5, 1949. Colombia. Fig. 17.12. 

djamuensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:364, 

19 13. New Guinea. Fig. 16.1. 

dodsonii L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:241, pl. 3, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

3.16. 

dolabrfera C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:324, 1908.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:246, 1979. 

= acerifolia Hutnboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

1825. 

dolichotricha Merrill, Philipp. J. Sc., 17:292, 

1920. Philippines. Fig. 2 1.35. 

domingensis A. de Candolle var. domingensis, 

Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:124, 1859. 

West Indies: Haiti, Dominican Republic. 

Fig. 32.28. 

domingensis A. de Candolle var. oligostemon 

Urban in Feddes, Repert., 18:192, 

1922. Santo Domingo. 

domingensis Grisebach, FI. Brit. W. Ind. PI., 304, 

1860, non visus, non A. de Candolle, 

1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:19, 191 1, excl. patr. Haiti. 

= dominicalis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

domingensis sensu Boldingh, FI. St. Eust. Sab. St. 

Mart., 139, 1909, non A. de Candolle, 

1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:20, 191 1. 

= retusa O.E. Schulz, 191 1. 

dominicalis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):366, 

1864. Lesser Antilles: Dominica. Sine figura. 

domingensis Grisebach, 1860. 

suaveolens A. de Candolle 1864, non 

dominicalis sensu Duss, FI. Phan. Ant. Franc., 

320, 1897, excl. specim. Mart., non A. de 

Candolle, 1864.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:19, 191 1. 

= odorata Willdenow, 18 13. 

donkelaariana Lemaire, Jard. Fleur., 1, Misc. 34, 

185 1. Mexico? Sine figura. 

dosedlae Gilli, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 

83:42 1, 1980. Papua-New Guinea. Editus 

sero pro clave. 

Loddiges, 18 17. 

dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 4:357, 1836.-Hilliard in Ross, 

F1. South. Afr., 22:142, pl. 46: fig. 2, 

1976. South Africa. Fig. 28.44. 

parvfolia sensu E. Meyer ex Otto & 

parvfolia sensu Graham, 1839, non 

suffruticosa Meisner, 1840. 

Augustia dregei Klotzsch, 1854. 

natalensis W.J. Hooker, 1855. 

Augustia natalensis Klotzsch, 1855. 

rubicunda hort. Turic. ex A. de Canrichardsiana T. Moore, 187 1. 

richardsoniana Houllet, 1872. 

partita Irmscher, 196 1. 

suffruticosa f. bolusii Irmscher, 196 1. 

suffruticosa f. worsdellii Irmscher, 1961. 

dregei Otto S- Dietrich var. caffra A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):384, 1864.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:136, 1961 [= 

caffra Meisner, 184 11.-Burtt, Notes 

Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 32:274, 

1973. 

Dietrich, 1836. 

Schott, 1827. 

dolle, 1864. 

= homonyma Steudel, 1840. 

dregei Otto & Dietrich var. sinuata A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):384, 1864.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:136, 1961 [= 

caffra Meisner, 184 11.-Burtt, Notes 

Roy. Gard. Edinburgh, 32:274, 1973. 

dregei Otto & Dietrich var. macbethii L.H. 

Bailey, Gentes. Herb., 1 : 127, 1923. 

dregei sensu J.B. Davy, Man. PI. Transvaal, 232, 

1926, non visus.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. 

South Afr., 22:137, 1976. 

= sonderana Irmscher, 196 1. 

= homonyma Steudel, 1840. 

macbethii hort., 1891. 

dressleri Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 34: 191, pl. 2, 

1982. Panama. Fig. 21.40, icon. 

dryadis Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 21:41, 1951. China: Yunnan. Fig. 

32.29. 

dubia Haworth, Succ. PI. Suppl., 101, 1819; 

Saxifrag. Enum., 196, 1821. Brazil. Descriptione inchoata. 
NUMBER 60 161 

pauczjlora Lindley, 1820. 

dubia Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 42, “1827,” 

1831, icon, nomen nudum; Arch. Mus. 

&at. Rio de Janeiro 5:405 1881, desc., 

non Haworth, 18 19.-Walpers, Repert. 

Bot. Syst., 2:216, 1843.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshuasen, Phytologia, 54:466, 

1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

duclouxii Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:198, 1919.-Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:551, pl. 17, 

1939, pro parte quoad specimen Delavay 

no. 184 in herb. Paris. China: Yunnan. 

Fig. 23.5. 

duclouxii sensu Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25: 198, 191 9.--Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:538, 1939, 

pro parte quoad specimen Ducloux no. 

4438 in herb. Paris. 

= gagnepainiana Irmscher, 1939. 

dugandiana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:179, pl. 14, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 

16.2. 

duruensis De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

2:3 18, 1908.-Wilczek, FI. Congo, 

Rwanda, Burundi, 8, 1969. 

= ampla J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

dusenii Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:44, 1895. 

Cameroon. Sine figura. 

dusenii Brade, Bot. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 

Bot., 11, 1:15, pl. 6, 1944, non Warburg, 

1895.-L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 25:418, 

1973. 

= barkleyana L.B. Smith, 1973. 

dux C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:637, 1879. Burma. Fig. 27.33. 

ealensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 57:241, 

192 1 .-Wilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 27, 1969. 

= eminii U’arburg var. eminii, 1895, pro 

parte. 

= alepensis A. Chevalier, 191 1, pro parte. 

eberhardtii Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25: 198, 191 9. Indochina: Annam. 

Fig. 23.22. 

ebolowensis Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 19, 

192 1. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. 

Fig. 18.1. 

echinata Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal., 313, PI. 80: 

fig. 1, 1839.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):3 12, 1864. 

= picta J.E. Smith, 1807. 

echinosepala Regel var. echinosepala, Acta Hort. 

Petrop., 1:91, 1871; Gartenflora, 20, pl. 

707, 1871. Brazil. Fig. 19.17, icon. 

itajaiensis Brade, 1954. 

echinosepala Regel var. elongatifolia Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:66, 1953. Brazil. 

echinosepala Regel var. tapesca hort., Begonian, 

13:252, 1946, nomen nudum. 

eciliata O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:26, 

19 1 1. West Indies: Trinidad. Fig. 34.15. 

ecuador E.K. Gray, Begonias, 16, 1931, “ecquador” [= ecuadoriensis hort. ex Everett, 

1940, non Buxton, 1932; = rigida sensu 

A. Clarke, 19471.-F. Carrell, Begonian, 

17: 128, 1950. 

= ludwigii Irmscher, 1937. 

ecuadoriensis hort. ex Buxton, Begonias, 29, 

1932.-Everett, J. New York Bot. Gard., 

4032.56, 1939. 

= acida I’ellozo, 183 1. 

ecuadoriensis hort. ex Everett, J. New York Bot. 

Gard., 41:18, 1940, no11 Buxton, 1932.- 

A. Clarke, Begonian, 14:150, 1947 [= 

rigida sensu A. Clarke, 19471.-F. Carrell, Begonian, 17: 128, 1950. 

= ludwigii Irmscher, 1937. 

edanoi Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:3 14, 191 8, 

“edanoii.” Philippines. Fig. 16.38. 

edmundoi Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:33, pl. 6, 

1945. Brazil. Fig. 16.32. 

edulis Leveille var. edulis, Repert. Nov. Sp., 

7:20, 1909. China. Fig. 4.52. 

edulis Leveille var. henryi Leveille, Repert. 

Koi,. Spec., 7:20, 1909.-Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:.330, 1939 

[= laciniata subsp. principalis Irmscher, 

1939].-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, .34:495, 1984. 

= palmata var. principalis J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 
162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

edulis Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):619, 

1921, pro syn. excelsa J.D. Hooker, 

187 1 .-Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. 

M’. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:220, 1954. 

egleri Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

15338, pl. 6: figs. 12-20, 1957. Brazil. 

Fig. 17.22. 

egregia N.E. Brown, Gard. Chron., 111, 1:346, 

1887. Brazil. Fig. 3.45. 

= mannii J.D. Hooker, 1864. 

petropolitana Glaziou, 1909. 

quadrilocularis Brade, 1945. 

eiromischa Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits 

Branch, 75:36, 1917; FI. Malay Penins. 

1:860, pl. 70, 1922. Malaya. Fig. 2.36. 

ekmanii Houghton ex L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 154:23, pl. 1, 

1945. Cuba. Fig. 7.15 

elaeagnifolia J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. 

Afi-., 2:579, 1871. Gabon, Congo. Fig. 

14.1.3. 

poggei sensu De Wildeman, 1912, pro 

parte, non Warburg, 1894. 

elata Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. 

U’iss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nonien nudum; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. U‘iss. Berlin 1854, p. 

15.3, 1855; Begoniac., 35, 1855.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. U’ash. Acad. 

Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula Haworth, 

18 19].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:24, 19.33 [=Jischeri var. elata Irmscher, 

1953].-L.B. Smith & D.C. M’asshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:466, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

elatior hort. ex Steudel, Noni. Bot., ed. 2, 1:193, 

1840, pro syn. reniformis Dryander, 

1791. 

elatostematoides Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 7:309, 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 16.26 

elatosteiiima Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:235, 1906. Indonesia. Sine figelatostemmoides J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. 

Trop. Afr., 2:576, 1871. Tropical Africa. 

Fig. 21.41. 

elegans Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. 

LI ra . 

Gen. Sp., 7, folio 139, quarto 182, 

1825.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 194, pl. 17, 1946. 

= foliosa var. australis L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 

elegans Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7:2554, 1915, 

non Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

1825.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:443, 1983. 

= sarmentosa L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshauelianii Warburg ex Th. Durand and Jackson, 

Index Kewensis, suppl. 1:53, 1902, sphalmate pro eliasii Warburg, 189 1. 

eliasii U’arburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 13:387, 1891, 

“eliassii.” New Guinea. Sine figura. 

elliotii Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3,2):620, 

192 1 .-Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. 

W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:219, 1954. 

= rostrata Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker var. 

rostrata, 187 1. 

elliptica Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. 

Gen. Sp., 7, folio 138, quarto 180, pl. 

641, 1825. A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

l5( 1):362, 1864 [= scandens Swartz, 

1788].-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:5, 1911. 

sen, 1983. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

elmeri Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:39, 191 8. Philippines. Sine figura. 

peltata Elmer, 19 15. 

elongata Wallich, hum. List, 213, no. 6291, 

1832, nonien nudum.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:650, 1879. 

= sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. sinuata, 

1836. 

eminii Warburg var. eminii, in Engler & Prantl, 

Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 141, 1894, nomen nudum; in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost. 

Afrikas C., 282, 1895.--Wilczek, FI. 

Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 27, pl. 3, 1969. 

Tropical East and West Africa. (Fig. 

14.19.) 

macrostyla Warburg, 1895. 

poggez Warburg, 1895. 

preussii Warburg, 1895. Fig. 14.19. 
NUMBER 60 163 

warburgii Gilg, 1904. 

poggei var.flore albo C. de Candolle ex 

De Wildeman & T. Durand, 1908. 

poggei var. albijlora T. Durand & H. 

Durand, 1909. 

ealensis Irmscher, 192 1. 

eminii Warburg subsp. ambacensis Fernandes, 

Bol. Soc. Brot., 11, 44:9, pl. 1, 1970. Angola. 

eminii Warburg subsp. eminii Fernandes, 

Consp. FI. Angola, 4:295, 1970; Bol. Soc. 

Brot., 11, 44:9, pl. 2, 1970. Angola. 

eminii sensu Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. 

Trop. Afr.,ed. 2, 1:220, 1954.-Wilczek, 

FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 3 I, 1969. 

= alepensis A. Chevalier, 191 1, pro parte. 

eminii hort., Begonian, 32:246, 1965; Begonian, 

34:170, pl., 1967, non Warburg, 1895.- 

M.L. Thompson, Begonian, 44:295, 

1977. 

= cavallyensis A. Chevalier, 19 12. 

emirnea Hurnbert, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 

118:734, “1971,” 1973, sphalmate pro erniinea I’Heritier, 1786. 

engleri Gilg wr. engleri, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:97, 

1904.--Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. System, 

8 1 : 148, 196 1. Tropical Africa. Fig. 

29.18. 

engleri var. nuda Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

8 1 : 149, 196 1. Tanganyika. 

engleriana hort., Gartenweldt, 8:538, 1904, non 

visus. 

epibaterium Martius ex A. de Candolle var. epibaterium in ,Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):362, 

186 1. Brazil. Fig. 9.12. 

IVageneria fagijolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

epibateriurn Martius ex A. de Candolle var. 

angustialata A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):363, 1861. 

epibaterium Martius ex A. de Candolle var. 

ipomoefolia Brade, Rodriquesia, 18:27, 

1945, nomen nudum. 

epilobioides Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:34, 

1895.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):618, 

1921. 

= polygonoides J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

epiphytica J.D. Hooker in Oliver, F1. Trop. Afr., 

2:580, 187 1 .-Hutchinson, Dalziel & 

Keay, FI. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1(1):220, 

1954. 

= manii J.D. Hooker, 1864. 

epipsila Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

8:227, pl. 1, 1948. Brazil. Fig. 29.34, icon. 

episcopalis C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, F1. Brit. 

Ind., 2:644, 1879.-Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl, hat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 142, 

1894. 

= griffithiana Warburg, 1894. 

erecta Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 43, 1831, 

icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio de Janeiro, 

5:405, 1881, desc. Brazil. Fig. 15.9, icon. 

eriocaulis Visiani, Orto Padov, 135, 1843.-Walpers, Bot. Repert. Syst., 2:217, 1843; Bot. 

Repert. Syst., 5:769, 1846 [= meyeri Otto, 

18361.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):376, 1861. 

= tomentosa var. eriocaulis A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

eriocaulon Neumann, Rev. Hortic., 111, 1: 166, 

1847. Descriptione inchoata. 

ermanii Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 155, 1855; Begoniac., 35, 

1855, “ermani”.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):347, 186 l [= uliginosa 

var. ermanii A. de Candolle, 18611.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, 1953. 

= fischeri var. ermanii Irmscher, 1953. 

erminea I’Heritier var. erminea, Stirp. Nov., 97, 

pl. 47, 1786. Madagascar. Fig. 11.19, 

icon. 

erminea I’Heritier var. obtusa A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):393, 1864. Madagascar. 

erosa Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:96, 1827. Java. 

Descriptione inchoata. 

Platycentrum erosum Miquel, 1856. 

Sphenanthera erosa Klotzsch, 1857. 

Casparya erosa A. de Candolle, 1864. 

erosa U’allich, Num. List, 129, no. 3688, 1831, 

pro parte; nomen nudum.-C.B. Clarke 

in J.D. Hooker, F1. Brit. Ind., 2:638, 

1879, non Blume, 1827. 

= picta J.E. Smith, 1807. 
164 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

erosa Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3688, 1831, 

pro parte; nomen nudum.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):327, 1864 [= amoena 

Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864].-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:642, 1879 [= tenella D. Don, 18251.- 

H. Hara in H. Ohashi, FI. E. Himalaya, 

3:85, 1975. 

= dioica F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 1825. 

erubescens Leveille, Repert. Nov. Sp., 7:21, 

1909.-Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:283, 1919 [= sinensis var. 

haemaloneura Franch ex Gagnepain, 

19 19].--Irmscher in Handel-Mazzetti, 

Synib. Sin. 7:388, 1931 [= evansiana Andrews, 18 1 I].-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 1939. 

erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat., IV, 

1 1 : 12 1, 1859. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

Fig. 1.3. 

griseocaulis Irmscher, 1937. 

pennellii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

lobato-peltata Irmscher, 1953. 

macbrideana Irmscher, 1953. 

pennellii subsp. lobato-ovata Irmscher, 

pennellii var. longiloba Irmscher, 1953. 

pennellii f. macrantha Irmscher, 1953. 

erythrotricha C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:321, 1908, “erythrotrica”.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 

24:184, 1961. 

1941. 

1953. 

= trichosepala C. de Candolle, 1895. 

esculenta Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:389, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 20.16. 

esquirolii Leveille, Bull. Acad. Inst. Geogr. Bot., 

22:228, 19 12.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:512, 1939. 

estrellensis C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:540, 

1895. Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. Fig. 20.37. 

evansiana Andrews, Bot. Repos., vol. 10, pl. 627, 

18 11 .-J. Sims, Bot. Mag., vol. 36, pl. 

= cavaleriei Leveille var. cavaleriei, 19 12. 

1473, 1812.--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 1939. 

evansiana var. simsii sensu F.A. Barkley & J. 

Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2:36, 1974, 

sphalmate pro grandis subsp. evansiana 

var. simsii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:493, 1930. 

evansiana vat-. sinensis sensu F.A. Barkley & J. 

Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2:36, 1974, 

sphalmate pro grandis subsp. sinensis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:494, 1939. 

evansiana var. unialata sensu F.A. Barkley & J. 

Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2:36, 1974, 

sphalniate pro grandis subsp. evansiana 

var. unialata Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:493, 1939. 

everettii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:390, “191 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 2 1.23. 

exalata C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:326, 1908. Ecuador. Fig. 31.4. 

excelsa J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

257 1, 187 1 .-Hutchinson, Dalziel & 

Keaj, FI. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:220, 

1954. 

= mannii J.D. Hooker, 1864. 

exigua Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:93, 1953. 

Brazil. Fig. 28.18. 

exilis O.E. Schul7 in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:7, 

191 1. Haiti. Fig. 34.1. 

extensa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4: 103, pl. 13, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 16.11. 

thermarum L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

extranea L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Graj Herb., 127:27, pl. 2, 1939. Mexico. 

Fig. 28.19. 

1950. 

fabulosa L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. Brazil. (Fig. 3.24, 

icon.) 

renijormis \’ello7.0, 183 1, non Dryander, 

fagifolia hort. Petrop. ex Otto & Dietrich, Allg. 

1791. Fig. 3.24. 
NUMBER 60 165 

Gartenzeitung, 4:356, 1836. Brazil. Fig. 

11.10. 

IVageneria fagijolia Klotzsch, 1854, pro 

fagopyroides Kunth & Bouche, Ind. Seni. Hort. 

Berol., 1848 Coll., p. 16, 1849.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:443, 1983. 

= denticulata Humboldt, Bonpland & 

Kunth, 1825. 

fagopjroides Kunth & Bouche var. fendlerana A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):289, 1864, 

“$endleriana”.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:92, 1946 [= fagopyroides 

Kunth & Bouche, 18451.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:443, 

1983. 

= denticulata Humboldt, Bonpland & 

Kuiith. 1825. 

falcata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 127: 28, 1939; Contr. Gray Herb., 

161:28, 1946. 

parte. 

= calderonii Standley, 1930. 

falcifolia J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 94, pl. 

5707, 1868. Peru. Fig. 30.2, icon. 

fdlciloba Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 15, 1853.; L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 165:91, pl. 1, 1947. Mexico. Fig. 

5.7, icon. 

Knesebeckia falciloba Klotzsch, 1855. 

fallax A. de Candolle, Prodr., l5(l): 329, 1864. 

India. Fig. 20.7. 

Diploclinium lindleyanum Wight, 1832. 

fisciculata Jack, Malay Misc., 2(7): 12, 1822. SuPetermannia fasciculata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Diploclinium fasciculatum Miquel, 1856. 

fasciculiflora Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 6:376, 

“ 19 1 1 ,” 19 12. Philippines. Sine figura. 

faureana Linden ex Garnier, Ill. Hort., 42: 152, 

pl. 34, 1895.-Everett, J. Sew York Bot. 

Gard., 41:16, pl., 1940. 

matra. Sine figura. 

= aconitifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

faureana Linden var. argentea Linden, Cat. 7, 

1896.-Everett, J. New York Bot. Gard., 

41:16, 1940. 

= aconitifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

faureana Linden var. metallica Rodigas, Ill. 

Hort., 42:298, pl. 43, 1895.-Everett, J. 

New York Bot. Gard., 41:16, pl., 1940 [= 

aconitifolia A. de Candolle, 18591.-Weber & Dress, Baileya, 16:61, 1968. 

= aconitifolia ‘Hildegard Schneider’ Everett, 1940. 

favargeri Rechinger, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofnius., 20:33, 1905.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:137, 1961 [= caffra var. 

favargeri Irmscher, 1961].-Hilliard in 

Ross, FI. South. Afr., 22:141, 1976. 

fellererana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 187, 

parvipeltata var. bahiensis A. de Canfenicis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 3:42 1, 1908. Phil- 

= homonynia Steudel, 1840. 

1959, ‘tfellereriana.” Brazil. Fig. 2.40. 

dolle, 1864. 

ippines. Fig. 24.10. 

kotoensis Hayata, 19 1 1. 

fernaldiana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 165:93, 1947. Mexico. Fig. 

5.31. 

fernando-costae Irmscher var. fernando-costae, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:52, 1953, ‘tfernandoicostae.” Brazil. Fig. 32.34. 

fernando-costae Irmscher subsp. proxima 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:53, 1953. 

Brazil. 

ferramica N. Halle, Adansonia, 11, 7:51 1, pl. 2, 

1967. Gabon. Fig. 3.9. 

ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, Suppl., 

419, 1781.-J.E. Smith, PI. Icon., vol. 2, 

pl. 44, 1790. Colombia. Fig. 32.21, non 

typus. 

magnijica \l’arsce\\.icz ex Klotzsch, 

Stiradotheca ferruginea Klotzsch, 1854. 

Stiradotheca magnzjica Klotzsch, 1854. 

magnzjica Linden, 185.5. 

Stibadotheca ferruginea Klotzsch, 185.5. 

Stibadotheca magnzjica Klotzsch, 1855. 

(,‘asparja ferruginea A. de Candolle, 

1854. 

1864. 
166 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Casparya ferruginea var. holtonis A. de 

ferruginea Linnaeus var. dilatata L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:22, 1946. Coloiii bia. 

ferruginea Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 

30: 123, 1911, non Linnaeus f., 1781.- 

Liu & Lai, FI. Tairvan, 3:796, 1977 [= 

randaiensis Sasaki, 19281; fide M.J. Lai in 

schedula. 

Candolle, 1864. 

= palniata D. Don var. palniata, 1825. 

festi\’a Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 41 1, 1930. 

Siam. Sine figura. 

fibrosa C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:652, 1879. Burma. Fig. 10.8. 

ficicola Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:2 13, 

1934. Sigeria. Fig. 2.5. 

fiebrigii C. de Candolle, Bull. Soc. Geneve, 11, 

6: 123, pl. 5, 1914. Paraguay. Fig. 30.8. 

filibracteosa Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:361, 

1913; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 503565, pl. 2.6, 

1914. New Guinea. Fig. 21.36. 

filicifolia N. Hall;, Adansonia, 11, 12:363, pl. 2: 

fig. 3, pl. 3, 1972. Africa: Gabon. Fig. 6.8. 

filiforniis Irmscher, Xlitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:521, 1939. China. Fig. 24.32. 

filipes Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulph., 10 1, 1844.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:79, pl. 8, 1946. Central America: h’icaragua, Costa Rica, Panama to Surinam, 

Colombia, and \’eiiezuela. Fig. 20.22. 

hjgrophila C. de Candolle, 1896. 

hjgrophila var. puberula C. de Candolle, 

chepoinsis C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

leptopoda C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

mameina C. de Candolle, 1919. 

heterodonta Rusby, 1920. 

charadrophila Tutin, 1940. 

1896. 

finibriata Liebmann, \’id. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 18.32, p. 18, 1853. Mexico. 

Fig. 22.40. 

Gireodiafimbriata Klotzsch, 1854. 

fimbristipula Hance, J. Bot., 2 1 :202, 1883.- 

M‘.Y. Chun & F. Chun, Sunyatsenia, 4:23, 

pl. 6, 1939. China. Fig. 8.1. 

cylophjlla J.D. Hooker, 1887. 

finlayoniana Wallich, Nuni. List, 129, no. 3684, 

183 1, nonien nudum.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40: 16, 19’78. 

crenata Fischer ex Walpers, 1843. Siam. 

fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, PI. Rar. Hort. 

Acad. Monac., 2, pl. 59, May 1820.-A. 

de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):345, 1861 [= macroptera Klotzsch, 

1855].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:98, 1953 [= jischeri var. eujischeri 

Irmscher, 19531.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

M’asshausen, Phytologia, 44:246, 1979; 

Phytologia, 54: 466, 1984. North and 

South America. (Fig. 1 1.2) 

obliqua C’ellozo, 183 1, non Linnaeus, 

populi$era sensu Liebniann, 1853. 

brasiliensis Klotzsch, 1855. 

elata Klotzsch, 1855. 

moritziana Klotzsch, 1855. 

patula sensu Klotzsch, 1855. 

setosa Klotzsch, 1835. 

tovarensis Klotzsch, 18.35. 

tovarensis Moritz ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

uliginosa Klotzsch, 1835. 

vellerea Klotzsch, 1855. 

tovarensis var. ocanensis A. de Candolle, 

lacustris b’right ex Grisebach, 1866. 

ulei C. de Candolle, 1908. 

cilibracteata C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

kaietukensis Tutin, 1940. 

roraimensis Tutin, 1940. 

fischeri var. brasiliensis Irmscher, 1953. 

fischeri var. elata Irmscher, 1953. 

fischeri var. eufischeri Irnischer, 1953. 

jischeri var. moritziana Irmscher, 1953. 

fischeri var, tovarensis Irmscher, 1953. 

fischeri Schrank var. fischeri seiisu Brade, Rodriguesia, 32:155, 19.37.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. U’asshausen, Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 

1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. niacroptera 

Irmscher, 1953. 

fischeri Schrank var. brasiliensis (Klotzsch) 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 1: 

fig. 4, 1953.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wass1733. 

1864. 
NUMBER 60 167 

liausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

fischeri Schrank var. brevipilosa Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, 98, 1953. 

fischeri Schrank var. crenato-glabra Irmscher, 

Bot. Jah1.b. Syst., 76:24, 98, 1953. 

fischeri Schrank var. crenulato-glabra 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, 99, 

19.53. 

jscheri Schrank var. elata (Klotzsch) Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 1: fig. 3, 

1953.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 34:467, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

jscheri Schrank var. ermanii (Klotzsch) 

Irnischei-, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 1: 

fig. 6, 1953. 

ermanii Klotzsch, 1855. 

uliginosa var. ermanii A. de Candolle, 

jscheri Schrank var. eujscheri Irnischer, Bot. 

Smith M3 D.C. U'asshausen, Phytologia, 

44:246, 1979. 

1861. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, 98, 1953.-L.B. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

fischeri Schrank var. klugii Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, 99, pl. 1: fig. 9, 1953. 

Fig. 11.2. 

fischeri Schrank var. macroptera (Klotzsch) 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 1: 

fig. .5, 1953. 

villosa Gardner, 1842, non Lindley, 

macroptera Klotzsch, 1855. 

pohliana Klotzsch, 1855. 

macroptera var. pohliana A. de Candolle, 

jscheri Schrank var. jischeri sensu 

fischeri Schrank var. malvacea (Klotzsch) 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 2: 

fig. 2, 1953. Brazil. 

1829. 

1861. 

Brade, 1957. 

malvacea Klotzsch, 1855. 

intercedens Irmscher, 1953. 

jscheri Schrank var. moritziana (Klotzsch) 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 2: 

fig. 1, 1953.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:57, 

1958 [= jscheri var. tovarensis Irmscher, 

19531.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

fischeri Schrank var. palustris (Bentham) 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, PI. 1: 

fig. 7, 1953. Colombia. 

palustris Hartwig ex Bentham, 1845. 

parvifolia Klotzsch, 1855. 

tovarensis var. palustris L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 1946. 

jscheri var. tovarensis (Klotzsch) Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:23, pl. 1: fig. 1, 1953.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

jscheri Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 

4:354, 1836, non Schrank, 1820.-Graham, Bot. Mag., vol. 63, pl. 3532, 1836.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:60, 1953. 

jssisepala C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8, 319, 1908.-L.B. Smith M3 D.C. 

Washausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= umbellata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

1825. 

fissistyla Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:591, 

1949. Bolivia. Fig. 33.14. 

jssurarum C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69(12):2, 1919.-K. Burt-Utley, 

Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= dietrichiana Irmscher, 1953. 

= plebja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

flacca Irmscher, Webbia, 9:486, pl. 4, 1953. 

Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 25.13. 

flaccidissima Kurz, J. Asiat. SOC. Beng. Nat. Hist., 

41: 308, 1872. Burma. Sine figura. 

flagellaris H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 48, 12:358, 

1973. Nepal. Sine figura. 

flava W. Marais in Dyer, FI. PI. Africa, 31, pl. 

1233, 1956. Portuguese East Africa. Fig. 

28.9. 

Java sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2:40, 1974, sphalmate pro 

laciniata var.Jlava C.B. Clarke, 1879. 
168 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Javescens hort. ex Otto, Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung, 8:8, 1852, nomen nudum. 

flaviflora H. Hara var. flaviflora, J. Jap. Bot., 

45:91, 1970; FI. E. Himalaya, 2:84, pl. 3b, 

197 1. India. Sine figura. 

laciniata var. Java C.B. Clarke 1879, 

laciniata subsp. Java Irmscher, 1939. 

flaviflora H. Hara var. gamblei (Irmscher) J. 

Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:496, 1984. India, Burma, China. 

laciniata var. Java C.B. Clarke, 1879, 

laciniata subsp. gamblei Irmscher, 

palmata var. gamblei H. Hara, 1966. 

flaviflora H. Hara var. vivida J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. 

Bur ma. 

laciniata subsp. Javzflora Irmscher, 

flexicaulis Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:59, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

21.3. 

flexula Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. Malayan Br., 

1(87):63, 1923. Sumatra. Fig. 16.27. 

flexuosa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 142, 1859.-Standley, Publ. Field 

Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 18:745, 1937. 

floccifera Beddome, Icon. PI. Ind. Or., 1:23, pl. 

11 1, 1874. India. Fig. 7.5, icon. 

fluminensis Brade, Rodriguesia, 18, pl. 2, 1945. 

Brazil. Fig. 24.24, icon. 

foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. foliosa, Nov. Gen. Sp., vol. 7, folio 140, 

quarto 183, pl. 642, 1825.-L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4, 191, 1946. 

Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador. Fig. 

17.19, icon. 

microphylla herb. Willdenow ex 

Lepsia foliosa Klotzsch, 1855. 

pro parte. 

pro parte. 

1939. 

1939. 

= semiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. amplijolia L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 198, pl. 17, 1946.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:239, 

1979. 

= holtonis A. de Candolle var. holtonis, 

1859. 

foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. australis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:194, pl. 17, 1946. Colombia. 

elegans Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

Casparya elegans Klotzsch, 1854. 

Lepsia poeppigiana Klotzsch, 1855. 

jamesoniana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

foliosa Poeppig ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

poeppigiana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. miniata (Planchon) L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:196, pl. 17, 1946, fide 

L.B. Smith, 1981. 

= fuchsioides var. miniata A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

putzeysiana (A. de Candolle) L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:192, pl. 17, 

1946. Colombia. 

1825. 

putzeysiana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

splendens hort. ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. rotundata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 192, pl. 17, 1946. Colombia. 

foliosa Poeppig ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):376, 1864, pro syn. poeppigiana A. 

de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= foliosa var. australis L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 

fonsecae Standley, Ceiba, 3: 150, 1952.-K. BurtUtley, Tulane Studies Zoo]. Bot., 25(1), 

1985.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= polygonata Liebmann var. polygonata, 

1853. 

forbesii King, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. 

Hist., 71:58, 1902. Malaya. Fig. 8.16. 

forbesii Vuijck ex Koorders, Exkurs.-FI., 2:649, 

1912, pro syn. muricata Blume, 1823. 

fordii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 
NUMBER 60 169 

10:501, 1939. China, Fig. 31.24. 

forgetiana Hemsley, Gard. Chron., 111, 30:66, 

190 1. Brazil. Fig. 17.3 1. 

formosana (Hayata) Masamune var. formosana, 

J. Geobot., frontis., pl. 41, 1961.-Liu & 

Lai, FI. Taiwan, 3:795, 1977. Taiwan. 

Sine figura. 

sinensis sensu Henry, 1896, non A. de 

laciniata sensu Forbes & Hemsley, 1888, 

laciniata sensu Hayata, 1906. 

laciniata var. formosana Hayata, 19 1 1. 

Candolle, 1859. 

non Roxbury, 1832. 

formosana Masamune f. albomaculata Liu & 

Lai, FI. Taiwan, 3:795, 1977. Taiwan. 

formosissima Sandwith, Bull. Misc. Inform., 

3:223 “1941,” 1942.-emend. L.B. 

Smith, Phytologia, 27:212, pl. 1, 1973. 

Venezuela. Fig. 18.5. 

forrestii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:548, 1939. China. Fig. 26.10. 

foveolata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 193, pl. 

9: fig. 2, 1959. India: Bengal. Fig. 32.5. 

foxworthyi Burkill ex Ridley, FI. Malay Penins., 

5, suppl., 31 1, 1925. Malaya. Fig. 22.36. 

fragilis Baker, J. Linn. SOC., 22:479, 1887. Madagascar. Fig. 22.2 1. Gelata in clave. 

M. Keraudren-Aymonin, F1. Madagascar, 

144:30, 1983. 

= goudotii A. de Candolle, 1859. 

francisiae Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 17:218, pl., 

1950, “jrancisii.” Mexico. Fig. 3.12. 

francoisii Guillaumin var. francoisii, Bull. Mus. 

Hist. Nat. (Paris), 31:477, 1925, “francoisi”.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. 

Madagascar, 144:50, pl. 15, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 9.9. 

francoisii Guillaumin var. glabra Keraudren, 

FI. Madagascar, 144:53, 1983. Madagascar. 

franconis Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 21, 1853.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:443, 1983. 

= wallichiana Lehmann, 1850, non Steudel, 

1840. 

friburgensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 15:31, pl. 1, 1957. Brazil. Fig. 

24.25, icon. 

frigida hort. ex A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., IV, 11:143, 1859.-W.J. Hooker, 

Bot. Mag., vol. 86, pl. 5160, 1860. Fig. 

34.3, icon. 

fritz-muelleri Brade, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, Bot., n.~., 1:12, pl. 3, 1944.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:29, 1953 

[= limmingheana Morren, 1866].-L.B. 

Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

l(Bego): 14, 197 1 [= procumbens Vellozo, 

1831].-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

froebelii A. de Candolle, Gard. Chron., 2:552, 

1874. Ecuador. Fig. 8.38, non typus. 

fruticella Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:60, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

21.6. 

fruticosa A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):377, 1861.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Darwiniana, 5: 1 14, pl. 17, 

1941. Brazil, Argentina. Fig. 14.3, non 

typus. 

Trendelenburgia fruticosa Klotzsch, 

castaneifolia hort. Boissier, 186 1. 

splendens hort. Boissier ex A. de Canfuchsiiflora (A. de Candolle) A. Baranov & F.A. 

Barkley, Phytologia, 26:220, 1973. Ecuador. Fig. 29.20. 

Casparya fuchsizj’lora A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

fuchsiqolia Warburg, 1894. 

Stibadotheca fuchsiaefolia, 1902. 

fuchsiifolia Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894.-A. Baranov & F.A. Barkley, Phytologia, 26:220, 

1973, sphalma. 

= fuchsiiflora A. Baranov 8c F.A. Barkley, 

1973. 

fuchsioides hort. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, 

1855. 

dolle, 1861. 
170 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

pro syn. Tittelbachia albzjlora Klotzsch, 

1854; nomen nudum. 

fuchsioides W.J. Hooker var. fuchsioides, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 73, pl. 4281, 1847.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:197, 

1946.-Nomen legitimum fide L.B. 

Smith, 198 1. Venezuela, Colombia. Fig. 

17.18, icon. 

Tittelbachia fuchsioides Klotzsch, 1854. 

fuchsioides W.J. Hooker var. miniata A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):29 1, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:197, 

1946.-Nomen legitinium fide L.B. 

Smith, 198 1. Bolivia. 

miniata Planchon & Linden, 1853. 

Tittelbachia miniata Klotzsch, 1854 

foliosa var. miniata L.B. Smith & B.G. 

fulgens hort. Lemoine, Cat. No., 123, 1893, non 

visus. Descriptione inchoata. 

fulvo-setulosa Brade, Arq. Serv. Florest., 2:22, 

pl. 3, 1943. Brazil. Fig. 13.7, icon. 

fulvo-villosa Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 13:386, 

1891; in Schumann & Lauterbach, FI. 

Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suidsee, 459, 190 1. 

= Symbegonia fulvo-villosa Warburg, 1894. 

furfuracea J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:571, 1871. Tropical Africa. Fig. 16.23. 

fusca Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 7, 1853. Mexico. Fig. 

22.37. 

Schubert, 1946. 

maxima hort. ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Magnusiafusca Klotzsch, 1855. 

Mugnusia maxima Klotzsch, 1855. 

karwinskyana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

maxima hort. ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

johnstonii Standley ex J.R. Johnson, 

1938, non Oliver ex J.D. Hooker, 

1886. 

fuscocaulis Brade Arq. Jard. Rio de Janeiro, 

15:34, pl. 4, 1957. Brazil. Fig. 19.26, icon. 

fusialata Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:37, 

1895. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon to 

Angola. Fig. 2 1.30. 

poggei sensu De Wildeman, 1912, pro 

parte. 

fusibulba C. de Candolle, Candollea, 2:227, 

fusicarpa Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:212, 

1925. Mexico. Fig. 28.20. 

1954. West Africa: Liberia. Fig. 13.1 1. 

gagnepainiana Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:538, 1939. China. Fig. 

26.28. 

duclouxii Gagnepain, 19 19, pro parte 

quoad specimen Ducloux no. 4438. 

galeottianu Leniaire, Jard. Fleur, 1 : 14, 185 1, nomen nudum. 

velutina hort. Belg. ex Lemaire, 1851. 

galeottii hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Miiss. Berlin 1854, p. 174, 1855; 

Begoniac., 54, 1855, pro syn. Ewaldia lobata Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):375, 186 1, “galleot ti. ” 

= lobata Schott, 1827. 

gamblei sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:44, 1974, sphalmate 

pro laciniata subsp. gamblei Irmscher, 

1939. 

gainolepis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:23, pl. 5, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 21.9, 

icon. 

garagarana C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69(12):2, 1919. Panama. Fig. 

23.1. 

gardneri A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:138, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 4.24. 

garrettii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 4 1 1, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 4.35. 

garuvae L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin, 

1(Bego):91, pl. 28, 1971. Brazil. Fig. 

19.12. 

gaudichaudii Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 5:769, 

1846; Ann. Bot. Syst., 4:875, 1858 

[= Eupetalum petalodes Lindley, 18361.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. 

Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:189, 1941. 

gehrigeri L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 27:214, pl. 4, 

1973. Venezuela. Fig. 20.43, icon, 

L.B. Smith & D.C. M’asshausen, Phytolo- 

= geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 
NUMBER 60 

gia, 56: 16, 1984. 

= trapa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, var. 

trapa, 1945. 

gehrtii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 188, pl. 9: 

fig. 1, 1959. Brazil. Fig. 32.23. 

gemella Warburg ex Koorders, Natuurk. 

Tijdscher. Ned. Indie, 63:9 1, 1904, nomen nudun1.-Warburg ex L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:443, pl. 

3, 1983. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 25.8. 

gerniniflora L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:241, pl. 4, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

3.15. 

gemmipara J.D. Hooker & Thonison, 11. Himal. 

PI., pl. 14, 1855. India: Sikkim. Fig. 5.6. 

Putzeysia gemmipara Klotzsch, 1855. 

gemmirhiza Leveille, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni 

Veg., 93450, 191 1. China. Descriptione 

inc hoa ta . 

geniculata Jack, Malay Misc., 2(7):15, 1822.- 

Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854 [= Petermannia 

geniculata Klotzsch, 1854].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):321, 1864. 

= isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 1790. 

geniculata Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 51, 

183 1, icon; Arch. Mus. Nac., 5:407, 1881 

desc.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4( 1):367, 186 1. 

= convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

gentilii De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

1 :294, 1906. Tropical Africa. Fig. 2.17. 

geoffraji Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25: 199. 19 19. Indochina: Cambodia. Fig. 20.48. 

geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 62, pl. 

3387, 1835. Peru. Fig. 10.13, icon. 

pptalodes Lindley, 1836. 

Eupetalum petalodes Lindley, 1836. 

Eupetalum lindleyanum Gaudichaud, 

gaudichaudii Walpers, 1846. 

Eupetalum geranifolium Klotzsch, 1854. 

tuberosa Rub ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

Eupetalum tuberosum Klot~sch, 1835. 

Eupetalum kunthianum Klotzsch, 1855. 

1837. 

171 

Eupetalum lindleyanum herb. Kunth ex 

gei-anioides J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 92, pl. 

5583, 1866. South Africa. Fig. 7.18. 

gesnerioides L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field 

Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:190, 1941. 

Peru. Fig. 17.4. 

gzgantea Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3677, 

1831, pro parte; nomen nudum.-A. de 

Candolle, hn. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 1 1 : 144, 

1859 [= 'Vezierea nepalensis A. de Candolle; nonien nudum]; Prodr., 15( 1):406, 

1864 [= iUezierea nepalensis A. de Candolle, 18641.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. India, 2:643, 1879 [= 

gigantea Wallich ex C.B. Clarke, 1879; 

sphalmate1.-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Natur. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 142, 

1894. 

= nepalensis Warburg var. nepalensis, 1894. 

gigantea sensu Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3677 

B, 183 1, nomen nudum.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:636, 1879. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

= silletensis C.B. Clarke, 1879. 

gilgiana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:340, 

1913; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:565, pl. 2.7, 

1914. New Guinea. Fig. 18.13. 

gilgii Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):616. 1921. Tropical West Africa: Fernando Po. Fig. 3.8. 

gitingensis Elmer, Leafl Philipp. Bot., 2:738, 

1910. Philippines. Fig. 14.37. 

glaberrima Urban & Ekman, Ark. Bot., 

23A(5):99, 1930. West Indies: Haiti. Fig. 

34.4. 

glabra Aublet var. glabra, Hist. PI. Guiane, 

2:916, pl. 349, 1775. U'est Indies, lMexico 

to Ecuador. Fig. 14.7, non typus. 

Rumex sylvestris scandens, foliis cordato 

angulatis ab altera parte majoribus 

Browne, 1756. 

scandens Swartz, 1788. 

elliptica Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

1825. 

populfolia Schott in Sprengel, 1827, 

non Humboldt, Bonpland 8c Kunth, 

1825. 
172 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

lucida Otto & Dietrich, 1848. 

moritziana Kunth & Bouche, 1848. 

physalifolia Liebman, 1853. 

Wageneria glabra Klotzsch, 1854. 

Wageneria lucida Klotzsch, 1854. 

Wageneria deJlexa Klotzsch, 1855. 

Wageneria montana Klotzsch, 1855. 

locellata A. de Candolle, 1859. 

Pritzelia deJlexa A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Pritzelia glabra A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Pritzelia lucida A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Pritzelia montana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

hoegeana Regel & Schmidt, 1886. 

repens Sesse & Mocino, 1894. 

glabra Aublet var. amplifolia (A. de Candolle) 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. 

Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:191, 1941. Colom bia. 

scandens var. amplifolia A. de Candolle, 

glabra Aublet var. coralipetiolis hort. Begonian, 13:153, 1946. Costa Rica. 

glabra Aublet var. cordifolia (C. de Candolle) 

Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, ed. 

2:72, 1960. 

scandens var. cordifolia C. de Candolle, 

glabra Aublet var. physali$olia Liebmann ex 

Buxton Check List Begonias, 78, 1957, 

nomen nudurn. 

glabra Vuijck ex Koorders, Exkurs.-FI., 2:647, 

19 12, pro syn. vuijckii Koorders, 191 2. 

glabra herb. Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 128, 1854, 

pro syn. Sassea glabra Klotzsch, 1855.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):275, 1864 

[= Casparya columnaris var. glabra A. de 

Candolle, 1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

1864. 

1907. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

glabricaulis Irmscher var. glabricaulis, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 50:371, 1913; Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 50:569, pl. 3.9, 1914. New Guinea. 

Fig. 18.1 1. 

glabricaulis Irmscher var. brachyphylla 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:373, 1913. 

hew Guinea. 

gladiifolia Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 19, 

1921 .-emend. Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Nat. Belg., 39:84, 1969. Fernando Po, 

Cameroon, Congo. Fig. 14.16. 

ludwigsii Gilg ex Wilczek, 1969. 

squamulosa auct. ex Wilczek, 1969, non 

glandulifera Grisebach, FI. Brit. W. I., 304, 

1860, non visus.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 94, pl. 5695, 1868. Trinidad, 

Venezuela. Fig. 23.27, icon. 

glandulosa W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 87, pl. 

5256, 1861.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24( 1): 178, 196 1 .- 

J. Golding, Phytologia, 40:458, 1978, nomen confusum. 

J.D. Hooker, 1871. 

= pinetorum A. de Candolle, 1859. 

glandulosa sensu A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):339, 1864, non W.J. Hooker, 

186 1 .-Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 

Bot., 18:744, 1937.-J Golding, Phytologia, 40:458, 1978, nomen confusum. 

= niultinervia Liebmann, 1853. 

glandulosa sensu J.D. Smith, Enum. PI. Guat., 

4:182, 1895, non W.J. Hooker, 1861, non 

A. de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:46, 1958. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

glauca (Klotzsch) Ruiz & Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):330, 1864. Peru. Fig. 

20.28. 

Pritzelia glauca Klotzsch, 1855. 

glauca Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

glauca Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, 

pro syn. Pritzelia glauca Klotzsch, 1855.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):330, 1864. 

= glauca Ruiz & Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

glaucoides Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:582, 

1949. Peru. Sine figura. 

glaucophylla J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 118, 

pi. 72 19, 1892.--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:29, 1953 [= limmingheana Morren, 1866].-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, 

FI. 11. Catarin, l(Bego):14, 1971 [= pro- 
NUMBER 60 173 

cumbens Vellozo, 183 11.-L.B. Smith 8c 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 

1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

glaucophylla J.D. Hooker var. scandens hort. 

ex Fotsch, Begonien, 26, 1933, pro syn. 

glaucophylla J.D. Hooker, 1892.-L.B. 

Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin, 

l(Bego): 14, 1971 [= procumbens Vellozo, 

183 11.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

glaucophylla J.D. Hooker var. splendens hort. 

ex Fotsch, Begonien, 26, 1933, pro syn. 

glaucophylla J.D. Hooker, 1892.-L.B. 

Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin, 

l(Bego): 14, 197 1 [= procumbens Vellozo, 

183 11.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

goegoensis N.E. Brown, Gard. Chron., 2:7 1, 

1882.-Fotsch, Begonien, 38, pl. 14, 

1933.-Graf, Exotica, 3:306, pl. 1963. 

Sumatra. Fig. 2.29. 

goniotis C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. 

Ind., 2:648, 1879. Burma. Fig. 21.11. 

gossrveileri Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 184, 

1961. West Africa: Angola. Fig. S16. 

goudotii A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 13 1, 1859.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, 

FI. Madagascar, 144:30, pl. 7, 1983. Madagascar. Sine figura. 

fragilis Baker, 1887. 

gouroana A. Chevalier, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

58(kIem. 8d):176,"1911," 1912.-Hutchinson, Dalziel 8c Keay, FI. W. Trop. Afr., 

ed. 2., 1:219, 1954. 

= macrocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

gracilicaulis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 57:244, 

192 1. West Africa: Cameroon. Fig. S20. 

latistipula Engler, 192 1. 

gracilipes Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:405, " 19 1 1 ," 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 9.20. 

gracilipetiolata De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, 

V, 2:3 19, 1908.-emend. Fernandes, Bol. 

Soc. Brot., 11, 44:9, pl. 3, 1970. Tropical 

Africa. Fig. 14.1 1. 

poggei sensu De Wildeman, 1912, pro 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. gracilis, Nov. Gen. sp., vol. 7, folio 141, 

quarto 184, 1825, Mexico. (Fig. 28.29.) 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

annulata A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):309, 1864. Mexico. 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland 8c Kunth var. 

depauperata A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):309, 1864. Mexico. 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland 8c Kunth var. 

diversifolia A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):3 10, 1864. Mexico. (Fig. 28.29.) 

diversfilia Graham, 1829. Fig. 28.29, 

diversijdia Knowles 8c Wescott, 1837. 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

martiana A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):309, 1864. Mexico. 

Totoncaxoxo coyollin Hernandez, 165 1. 

martiana Link & Otto, 1829. 

heterophylla hort. ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Knesebeckia martiana Klotzsch, 1854. 

bulbillqera Moricand ex A. de Candolle, 

tuberosa Sesse & Mocino, 1890. 

parte. 

icon. 

1864. 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

membracea A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):309, 1864. Mexico. 

gracilis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

nervipilosa A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):309, 1864. Mexico. 

gracillima A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:120, 1859. Peru. Fig. 8.31. 

grahamiana Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Or., 5(2):9, pl. 

18 1 1, 1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):389, 1864. 

= albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, 1845. 

grandibracteolata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:91, 1953.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= aeranthos L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

1952. 

grandiflora Knowles & Wescott, FI. Cab., 1:51, 

pl. 25, 1837.-Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 

1:194, 1840. 
174 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

= octopetala L’Heritier var. octopetala, 

1788. 

grandfolia Jacquin, Collectanea, 1 : 128, 1787, 

excl. syn. Brown [= macrophylla Lamarck, 

1785].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:246, 

1980. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753. 

grandipetala Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:377, 

19 13. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 4.9. 

grandis Dryander var. grandis, Trans. Linn. 

SOC., 1:163, 1791. Japan, China. (Fig. 

grandis Dryander subsp. evansiana (Andrews) 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:492, 1939, “grandis conta. evansiana.” 

China. (Fig. 12.21.) 

12.21 .) 

Sjukaido Kaempfer, 17 12. 

obliqua sensu Thunberg, 1784, non Linevansiana Andrew, 18 1 1. Fig. 12.2 1, 

discolor R. Brown, 1813. 

bulbfera hort. ex Steudel, 182 1. 

Diploclinium evansianum Lindley, 1846. 

Knesebeckia discolor Klotzsch, 1854. 

Platycentrum discolor Miquel, 1856. 

erubescens Leveille, 1909. 

naeus, 1753. 

icon. 

grandis Dryander subsp. evansiana var. simsii 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:493, 1939, “grandis conta. evansiana 

var. simsii.” China. 

grandis Dryander subsp. evansiana var. unialata Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:493, pl. 12, 1939, “grandis 

conta. evansiana var. unialata.” China. 

grandis Dryander subsp. sinensis (A. de Candolle) Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:494, pl. 13, 1939, “grandis 

conta. sinensis.” China. 

sinensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

martinii Leveille, 1904. 

bulbosa Leveille, 1909. 

grandis Dryander subsp. sinensis var. puberula 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:496, 1939, “grandis conta. sinensis var. 

puberula.” China. 

grandis Dryander subsp. holostyla Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:498, 

pls. 14, 15, 1939, “grandis conta. reg. 

holostjla. ” 

sinensis sensu J.D. Hooker, 1899, non 

grandis Otto, Allg, Gartenzeitung, 4:349, 1836, 

pro syn. vitfolia Schott, 1827.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:446, 1893. 

A. de Candolle, 1859. 

= reniformis Dryander, 1791. 

grandis Reinwardt ex Koorders, Exkurs.-F1. Java, 

2:646, 1912, non Dryander, 1791; pro 

syn. multangula Blume var. multangula 

1827. 

grantiana Craib, Gard. Chron., 111, 83:66, 1928. 

Siani. Fig. 30.54. 

grata Geddes ex Craib, Gard. Chron., 111, 83:66, 

1928. Siam. Fig. 8.3. 

grewifolia (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894, “grewiaefolia”.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:242, 1979. 

= longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

griffithiana (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):142, 

1894. India: Himalaya. Sine figura. 

iMezierea grffithiana A. de Candolle, 

episcopalis C.B. Clarke, 1879. 

grffithii W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 83, pl. 

4984, 1857.-Regel, Gartenflora, 8: 15, 

1859 [= Platycentrum annulatum K. Koch, 

1837].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):350, 1864 [= Begonia grffithii W.J. 

Hooker, 1857].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 78:191, 1959. 

1859. 

= annulata K. Koch, 1837. 

grisea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:138, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 10.2,non typus. 

griseocaulis Irmscher, Biblioth. Bot., 1 16: 1 12, 

1937.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 44:244, 1979. Ecuador. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

griseocaulis sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

ragozinii Schwake, 1900. 
NUMBER 60 175 

Mem. New York Bot. Gard., 8:38, 1952, 

non Irmscher, 1949.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:244, 1979, 

pro parte. 

= compacticaulis Irmscher, 1949. 

groenewegensis hort. ex K. Koch & G.A. Fintelmann, Wochensch. Gartnerei Pflanzenk., 

2: 15, 1860. Java. Sine figura. 

guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

guaduensis, Nov. Gen. Sp., vol. 7, folio 

137, quarto 178, 1825.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:183, pl. 14, 

1946. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela. Fig. 

20.34, icon. 

ottonzs Walpers, 1843. 

walpersii Heynhold, 1846. 

Donaldia ottonis Klotzsch, 1854. 

laurina hor-t. ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

serratfolia C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

andreana (Sprague) L.B. Smith XC B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 185, 1946. Colombia. 

andreana Sprague, 1905. 

guantoszi sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:49, 1974, sphalmate 

pro quzntasii C. de Candolle, 1892. 

guatemalensis Van Houtte ex Galeotti, J. Hort. 

Pr-at. Belgique, 1 1 :5, 1853. Descriptione 

in choa ta. 

guein7iana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 177, 

1961. South Africa. Fig. 6.1. Gelata in 

clak e. 

Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 22:141, 

1976. 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 1868. 

guerit7iana L.S. Gibbs, J. Linn. SOC., Bot., 42:82, 

19 14, non visus. Borneo. Fig. 23.7. 

gunnerfolia Linden, Cat., 93:3, 1875.-Linden 

XC And&, Ill. Hort., 22:106, pl. 212, 

1875.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= parviflora Poeppig XC Endlicher, 1835. 

guttata IYallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3671A, 

183 1, nomen nudum.-Wallich ex A. de 

Candolle var. guttata, Prodr., 15(1):352, 

1864.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:648, 1879. Malaya. Fig. 

12.18. 

integrfolia var. guttata Gagnepain, 

1921. 

guttata Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3671B, 

1831, nomen nuduni.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:650, 1879, 

non Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

= sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. sinuata, 

1836. 

guttata Wallich ex A. de Candolle var. angopensis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 8: 154, 1929. Siam. 

guttata Wallich ex A. de Candolle f. elongata 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8: 154, 1929. Malaya. 

guyanensis '4. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 1 1 : 142, 1859.-Standley, Pub]. Field 

Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 18:746, 1937. 

guyanensis A. de Candolle var. glaberrima C. 

de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:540, 1895.- 

L.B. Smith XC B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:78, 1946. 

= semiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

= seniiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

guyanensis A. de Candolle var. cearensis C. de 

Candolle in Huber, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 1:315, 1901.-L.B. Smith XC D.C. 

M'asshausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= huniilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

haageana Watson, Gard. Chron., 111, 6:388, 

1889; Gard. Chron., 111, 16:632, pl. 81, 

1894.--Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, ed. 2:74, 1960. 

= scharffii J.D. Hooker, 1888. 

haematotricha hort. Boissier ex. A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):344, 1861, pro 

syn. humilis var. porterana A. de Candolle, 1861. 

hainanensis W.Y. Chun & F. Chun, Sunyatsenia, 

4:20, pl. 8: fig. 4, 1939. China. Fig. 2 1.3 1. 

halconensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:385, 

" 19 1 1 ," 19 12. Philippines. Fig. 19.9. 
176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

hamiltoniana Lehmann, Neue Allg. Deutsche 

Garten-Blumenzeitung, 6:456, 1850.- 

Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854 [= acuminata Dryander, 1791].-O.E. Schulz in 

Urban, Symb. Antil., 7: 13, 19 1 1. 

hammoniae Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:54, 

1953.- L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin, 1(Bego):109, 1971. 

= acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

= hispida Schott var. hispida, 1827. 

handelii Irmscher, Akad. Wiss. Wein. Math. Natur. W’iss. K. Anz., 58:24, 1921.-W.Y. 

Chun & F. Chun, Sunyatsenia, 4:22, pl. 9: 

fig. 5, 1939. Indochina. Fig. 26.6. 

handroi Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

13:79, pl. 5, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 27.38. 

haniffii Burkhill, J. Asiat. SOC. Straits, 79: 103, 

1918.-Ridley, FI. Malay. Penins., 5:856, 

1925 [= curtisii Ridley, 191 11; non fide 

Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:151, 1929. Siani. Fig. 28.53. 

harlingii L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:246, pl. 9, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

16.22. 

harniandii Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 253200, 1919. Indochina: South 

Vietnam. Fig. 8.36. 

harrowiana Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 5: 166, 191 2.-Gagnepain, Bull. 

Mus. Hist. Sat. (Paris), 25:282, 1919. 

= labordei Lkveillk, 1904. 

hasskarliana (Miquel) A. de Candolle, Prod., 

Diplocinium hasskarlianum Miquel, 

hasskarliana Miquel, 1858. 

15(1):329, 1864. Sumatra. Sine figura. 

1858. 

hasskarliana Miquel in herb. Teysm., FI. Ned. 

Ind., 1, 1:1091, 1858, pro syn. Diploclinium hasskarlianum Miquel, 1858.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):329, 1864. 

= hasskarliana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

hasskarlii Zollinger 8c Moritzi, Syst. Verzeich., 

31, 1846 [= peltata Hasskarl, 1843, non 

Otto 8c Dietrich, 18411.-Hasskarl, PI., 

Jav. Rar., 240, 1848. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

hasskarlii sensu King, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist., 71:62, 1902, non Zollinger & 

Moritzi, 1846.-Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8: 106, 1929 

hasskarlii sensu Ridley, FI. Malay Penins., 1 :860, 

1922, non Zollinger 8c Moritzi, 1846.- 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:106, 1929. 

= hingiana Irnischer, 1929. 

= kingiana Irnischer, 1929. 

hasskarlii var. hirsuta Ridley, FI. Malay. Penins., 1 :860, 1925.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:97, 1929. 

= ignorata Irmscher, 1929. 

hassleri C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Bot. Geneve, 

11, 8:22, pl. 1, 1916. Argentina. Fig. 

29.13. 

hastata Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 54, 1831, 

icon; Arch. Mus. Nac., 5:407, 1881, 

desc.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):358, 1861. 

= angularis Raddi var. angularis, 1820. 

hatacoa F. Hamilton ex D. Don, Prod. F. Nep., 

barbata sensu Miallich, 183 1, pro parte;. 

non Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rubro-venia W.J. Hooker, 1853. 

rubro-nervia hort. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

Platycentrum rubro-venium Klotzsch, 

hatacoa F. Hamilton ex D. Don var. nieisneri 

(C.B. Clarke) J. Golding, Phytologia, 

40:19, 1978. India. 

223, 1825. Nepal. Fig. 16.7. 

1855. 

mezsneri Miallich, 1832. 

rubro-venia var. meisneri C.B. Clarke, 

haullevilleana De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, 

\I., 2:320, 1908.--Wilczek, FI. Congo, 

R\%vanda, Burundi, 9, pl. 1, 1969. Tropical 

Africa. Fig. 27.1. 

havilandii Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:258, 1906. Borneo. Fig. 26.4. 

hayatae Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:282, 1919.-Liu 8c Lai, F1. Taiwan, 

3:796, pl. 821, 1977. Formosa. 

brachyptera Hayata, 19 10. 

aptera Hayata, 19 1 1, non Blume, 1827. 

1879. 
NUMBER 60 177 

aptera sensu L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, 1984, non Blume, 1827. 

heddei Warburg, Gartenflora, 49: 1, PI. 1470, 

1900.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 14, 

1900. 

= oxyloba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

hederacea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\r, 11:120, 1859.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:96, 1946. 

= maurandiae A. de Candolle, 1859. 

hederijolia Linden ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):401, 1864, “hederaefolia,” nomen 

nudum. Mexico. 

heineri Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin, 

1 (Bego): 102, 197 1. 

12:1 1, PIS. 4, 5: figs. 15-21, 1952.-L.B. 

= subvillosa Klotzsch var. subvillosa, 1855. 

heloisana Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:32, pl. 5, 1945. 

Brazil. Fig. 17.20. 

hemicardia Elmer ex Merrill, Enum. Philipp. FI. 

PI., 3:120, 1923, in obs.; nomen nudum. 

hemsleyana J.D. Hooker var. hemsleyana, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 125, pl. 7685, 1899. China. 

Fig. 4.1, icon. 

hemsleyana J.D. Hooker var. kwangsiensis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:538, 1939. China. 

henriquesii C. de Candolle, Bol. SOC. Brot., 

10: 123, 1892.-Ferreira, Garcia de Orta, 

12540, 1965. 

= binuangensis Merrill, 19 18. 

= loranthoides J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

henryi Hemsley, J. Linn. SOC. Bot., 23:322, 1887. 

China. Fig. 8.22. 

mairei Leveille, 19 12. 

delauayi Gagnepain, 19 19. 

henryi X sinensis? Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg., 6:356, 1927, non visus; Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:503, 1939. 

= labordei Leveille, 1904. 

hepatica-maculata hort. ex Ziesenhenne, Cat., 

1952.-Weber 8c Dress, Baileya, 16:67, 

1968. 

= squarrosa Liebmann, 1853. 

heracleifolia Schlechtendal 8c Chamisso var. heracleifolia, Linnaea, 5:603, 1830. Mexico, 

Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador. Fig. 

5.1 1. 

radiata Graham, 1833. 

tanacetijolia hort. ex Graham, 1833. 

nigrescens Van Houtte ex Otto, 1852. 

Gireoudia heracleijolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia heracle$olia var. viridis 

jatrophijolia hort. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

trignoptera Sprague, 192 1. 

Klotzsch, 1855. 

heracleifolia Schlechtendal 8c Chamisso var. 

longipila A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):335, 1864. Mexico, Guatemala, 

Honduras, El Salvador. 

longipila Lemaire, 186 1. 

heracleifolia Schlechtendal 8c Chamisso var. 

nigricans J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 83, 

pl. 4983, 1857. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador. 

heracleifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso var. 

punctata F. Cels, Ann. FI. Pomone, 104, 

1842.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

335, 1864. Mexico. 

punctata Klotzsch, 1840. 

Gireoudia punctata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia heracleijolia var. punctata 

nigricans hort. Berol ex Klotzsch, 1835. 

heracleifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso var. 

pyramadilio hort., Begonian, 13:24 1, 

1946. 

heracleifolia Schlechtendal 8c Chamisso var. 

sunderbruckii hort. ex C. Chevalier, Begonias, 268, 1938. 

herbacea Vellozo var. herbacea, FI. Flum., vol. 

10, pl. 53, 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nac. 

Rio de Janeiro, 5:407, 188 1, desc.-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):382, 

1861.-J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag. Vol. 99, 

pl. 6039, 1873. Brazil. Fig. 13.6, icon. 

herbacea var. typica Irmscher, 1953. 

herbacea Vellozo var. ellipticifolia Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:38, 99, 1953. Brazil. 

herbacea Vellozo var. typica Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:38, 1953. 

= herbacea Vellozo var. herbacea, 183 1. 

heringeri Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

Klotzsch, 1855. 
178 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

13:77, pl. 4, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 16.17. 

hernandiijolia W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 78, 

pl. 4676, 1852.-Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 194, 1855, 

pro syn. Mitscherlichia coriacea Klotzsch, 

1835.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):390, 1864 [= peltata Hasskarl, 

18431.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:293, 

1981. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

hernandifolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. W’iss. Berlin, 

125, 1834, “hernandiaefolia,” non W.J. 

Hooker, 1852, pro syn. Gireoudia nelumbifolia Klotzsch, 1854.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):343, 1864 

= nelurnbiifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso, 

1830. 

hernandiijolia sensu Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 

128, 1854; Bot. Voy. Herald, 254, 1857. 

hernandioides Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:392, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 2.25. 

herrerae L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Rivista 

Univ., 33(87):91, pl. 15, 1945. Peru. Fig. 

8.39. 

herteri Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:94, 1953. 

Brazil. Fig. 25.12. 

herveyana King var. herveyana, J. Asiat. SOC. 

Bengal., pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 71:63, 1902. 

Malaya. Fig. S 17. 

herveyana King var. robusta Ridley, FI. Malay 

Penins., 1 :861, 1922.--Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:132, 1929. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

= rheifolia Irmscher, 1929. 

herveyana King var. barnesii Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:131, 1929. 

Malaya. 

hetacoa in Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 47: 143, 1972, errore 

typographic0 pro hatacoa F. Hamilton ex 

D. Don., 1825. 

heteroclinis Miquel ex Koorders, Meded. Lands 

Plantentuin, 19:484, 1898. Indonesia: Celebes. Sine figura. 

heterodonta Rusby, Descript. New Spec. S. Amer. 

PI., 66, 1920.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:80, 1946. 

= filipes Bentham, 1844. 

heterophylla hort. Schoenbr. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 

122, 1854, pro syn. Knesebeckia martiana 

Klotzsch, 1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):3 10, 1864. 

= gracilis var. martiana A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

heteropoda Baker, J. Linn. SOC., 21:347, 

1884.--M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. 

Madagascar, 144:48, pl. 14: figs. 1-3, 

1983. Madagascar. Fig. 7.1 

hexandra Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:625, pl. 

6, 1949. Colombia. Fig. 6.14. 

heydei C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:540, 1895. 

Central America: Guatemala, Costa Rica, 

and Panama. Fig. 20.50. 

pittieri C. de Candolle, 1908 

triloba C. de Candolle, 1908. 

hidalgensis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 40:241, pl. Ib-g, 1930.-Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 49: 178, 198 1 .- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:443, 1983. 

= pinetorum A. de Candolle, 1859. 

hieronymi Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 1 9(Beibl. 

48):14, 1894.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:96, 194 1, 

= micranthera var. hieronymi L.B. Smith & 

B.C. Schubert, 1941. 

hieronymi Lindau var. rhacophylla Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:619, 1949.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:467, 1984. 

= micranthera var. rhacophylla LB. Smith 

& D.C. W’asshausen, 1984. 

hilariana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:123, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 24.17. 

raulinii Brade, 1948. 

hintoniana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 127:29, 1939. Mexico. Fig. 

28.27. 

hirsuta Aublet, Hist. PI. Guiana, 2:913, pl. 348, 

1775. French Guiana. Fig. 20.10. 

Begonia hirsuta, yore albo, folio aurito 

fructu coronato Barrere, 174 1. 

obliqua var. zeta Linnaeus, 1753. 
NUMBER 60 179 

humilis sensu Bonpland, 1817, non 

hirsuta hort. Kew, 1857 ex A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras. 4( 1):343, 1861, pro syn. 

humilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

hirsuta Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):38 1, 1864, pro syn. pavoniana A. de 

Candolle, 1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Syrnb. Antil., 7:27, 19 11. 

Dryander, 1789. 

= humilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

hirsuta Brace ex Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. 

Asiat. Soc., 46:254, 1906, pro syn. pubescens Ridley, 1906. 

hirsuta herb. Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854, 

pro syn. Pilderia hirsuta Klotzsch, 1854.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):381, 1864 

[= pavoniana A. de Candolle, 18591.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:27, 

1911. 

= humilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

hirsuticaulis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:346, 

1913; Bot. Jahrb., 50:565, pl. 2: fig. 5a-c, 

19 14. New Guinea. Fig. 18.16, icon. 

hirsutula J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:575, 1871. Gabon. Fig. 2.12. 

hirta (Klotzsch) L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. 

hirta, Field, Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13: 192, 194 1. Peru. (Fig. 29.15). 

columnaris herb. Ruiz. ex Klotzsch, 

coccinea Ruiz 8c Pavon ex Klotzsch, 

Casparya columnaris Klotzsch, 1855. 

Casparya hirta Klotzsch, 1855. 

Casparya cordifolia var. hirta A. de Canhirta L.B. Stnith & B.G. Schubert var. cordifolia (A. de Candolle) L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13:192, 1941. Peru. Fig. 29.15. 

Casparya cordifolia A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

cordifolia Warburg, 1894, non A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

hirta Wallich ex W.J. Hooker, Exotic FI., 2:89, 

1854. 

1855, pro parte. 

dolle, 1864. 

1825, pro syn. picta J.E. Smith, 1807. 

hirtella Link var. hirtella, Enum. Hort. Berol., 

2:396, 1822.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:82, pl. 8, 1946. West 

Indies, Brazil, Peru. Fig. 28.26. 

ciliata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

villosa Lindley, 1829. 

brasila A. de Candolle, 1836. 

brasilianu Schrank ex Steudel, 1840.. 

dasypoda Meisner ex A. de Candolle, 

humilis sensu Duss, 1897, non Dryanhirtella Link var. nana A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):345, 1861. Brazil. 

1825. 

1861. 

der, 1789. 

diversifolia var. nana Walpers, 1843. 

ciliata var. nana Klotzsch ex de Canvillosa var. nana Klotzsch ex A. de Canhispida Schott var. hispida, in Sprengel, Syst. 

Veg., 4(app.):407, 1827.-A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1)364, pl. 96, 

186 1. Brazil. Fig. 29.1 1. 

Wageneria tomentosa Klotzsch, 1854. 

Wageneria hispida Klotzsch ex A. de 

hammoniae Irmscher, 1953. 

reitzii Brade, 1958. 

dolle, 1861. 

dolle, 1861. 

Candolle, 186 1. 

hispida Schott var. cucullifera Irmscher, Bot. 

hispidissima Zippal ex Koorders, Meded. Lands 

Plantentuin, 19:485, 1898.-emend. L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:444, pl. 4, 1983. Indonesia: Celebes. 

Fig. 14.53. 

hispidivillosa Ziesenhenne f. hispidivillosa, Begonian, 17: 12, pl., 1950, “hispidavillosa.” 

Mexico. Fig. 22.25. 

hispidivillosa Ziesenhenne f. nigramarga Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 49:63, 1882. 

hitchcockii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:620, 

1949. Ecuador. Fig. 3.17. 

hochbaumii hort. ex. E. Otto, Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung, 19: 196, 1863. Java. 

Descriptione inchoata. 

hoegeana Regel & Schmidt. Gartenfl. 35:398, 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:51, 1953. Brazil. 
180 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1886.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:467, 1984. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

hoehneana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:69, pl. 

2: figs. 3-5, 1953. Brazil. Fig. 9.2, icon. 

holosericea Teijsmann & Binnendijk, Epini. 

Lugd. Bat., 5, 1863, non visus. Indonesia: 

Mollucas. Fig. 22.1 

Diploclinium holosericeum Teijsmann & 

holostyla sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:55, 1974, sphalmate 

pro grandis subsp. holostyla Irmscher, 

1939. 

holtonis A. de Candolle var. holtonis, Ann. Sci. 

Nat. Bot., IV, 11:141, 1859.-L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 186, pl. 15, 

1946.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 44:239, 1979. Colombia. Fig. 

14.47. 

umbrata hort. ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

foliosa var. amplfolia L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

schimpfJii Irmscher, 1949. 

Binnendijk, 1863. 

Schubert, 1946. 

holtonis A. de Candolle var. macrophylla L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:187, 

1946. Colombia. 

holttumii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:113, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 28.35. 

isoptera Ridley, 1922, pro parte. 

homblei De Wildeman, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat., 5:5 1, 

1915.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81: 

120, 1961 [= princeae var princeae f. vulgata Irnischer, 196 11.-Wilczek, FI. 

Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 44, 1969. 

= princeae Irmscher var. princeae, 196 1. 

homonyma Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2:194, Aug 

1840.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

384, 1864 [= dregei var. sinuata A. de 

Candolle, 1864].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 81:136, 1961 [= caffra Meisner, 

18411.-Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 32:274, 1973, nomen legitimum.-Hilliard in Ross, F1. South. Afr., 

22: 14 1, pl. 46: fig. 1, 1976. South Africa. 

(Fig. 33.3.) 

sinuata E. Meyer ex Otto & Dietrich 

1836, non Wallich ex Meisner, 1836. 

sinuata Graham, 1839, non Wallich ex 

Meisner, 1836. Fig. 33.3, non typus. 

caffra Meisner, 184 1. 

uncinata hort. ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Augustia caffra Klotzsch, 1855. 

caffra Drege ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

dregei var. caffra A. de Candolle, 1864. 

dregei var. sinuata A. de Candolle, 1864. 

favargeri Rechinger, 1905. 

caffra var. favargeri Irmscher, 196 1. 

rudatisii Irmscher, 196 1. 

hookerana Gardner, Lond. J. Bot., 4:135, 1845, 

“hookeriana”.-Saunders, Refug. Bot., 

vol. 5, pl. 341, 1880. Brazil. Fig. 19.10, 

icon. 

Riessia ferruginea Klotzsch, 1855. 

Steineria ferruginea Klotzsch, 1855. 

hookerana Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):617, 

192 1, non Gardner, 1845; “hookeriana”; 

fide L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, in 

litteris. 

= scutulum J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

hookeri Sweet Hort. Brit., ed. 2:437, 1830.-A. 

de Candolle in Martius. FI. Bras. 4( 1):342, 

1861 [= semperflorens var., hookeri A, de 

Candolle, 186 l].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:347, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

horsfieldii Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 :69 1, 1856, 

pro syn. Diploclinium horsjieldii Miquel, 

1856.-MiqueI ex A. de Candolle, Prodr. 

15( 1):397, 1864. Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig. 

8.10. 

horticola Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 57:242, 

192 1. West Africa: Congo. Fig. 1 1.1. 

poggei sensu De Wildeman, 1908, pro 

houttuynioides Yu, Icon. PI. Omeiensium, 2, pl. 

152, 1946. China. Fig. 9.16, icon. 

howii Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia, 5: 138, pl. 20, 

1940. China. Fig. 12.9. 

huberi C. de Candolle in Huber, Bull. Herb. 

Boissier, 11, 1 :3 15, 190 1 .-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:444, 

1983. 

parte. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 
NUMBER 60 181 

huberti Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 48:308, 1980. 

Mexico. Fig. 28.57. 

huegelii (Klotzsch) ex A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):366, 1861, “hugellii.” Brazil. 

Fig. 29.6. 

12’agneria huegelii Klotzsch, 1855. 

hullettii Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. SOC., 

46:253, 1906, “hulletti.” Borneo. Fig. 

14.30. 

hunibertii Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 144: 100, 

pl. 32, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro 

clave. 

hurriboldtiana L.S. Gibbs, FI. Arfak. Mts., 215, 

19 17. New Guinea. Fig. 2 1.16. 

humilicaulis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:356, 

19 13. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 6.1 1. 

huniilis Dryander var. humilis in Aiton, Hort. 

Kew., 3:353, 1789; Trans. Linn. SOC., 

1 : 166, pl. 15, 1791. West Indies to Peru 

and Brazil. Cult. Madagascar. Fig. 27.36, 

icon. 

lucida Haworth, 182 1. 

meyeniana Walpers, 1843. 

hirsuta herb. Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Pilderia hirsuta Klotzsch, 1854. 

pavoniana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

subhumilis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

hirsuta hort. Kew ex A. de Candolle, 

hirsuta Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

guyanensis var. cearensis C. de Candolle, 

lokobetnsis Humbert, 1972. 

1861. 

1901. 

humilis var. glabrata Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 128, 1854.-A. de Candolle, Ann. 

Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:142, 1859 [=Jexuosa A. de Candolle, 1859].-Standley, 

Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

18:743, 1937, 

= semiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

hurnilis var. porterana A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):344, 1861, “porterzana. ” Brazil. 

porterana Fischer, Meyer & Ave-Lallehaematotricha hort. Boissier ex A. de 

riiant, 1842. 

Candolle, 186 1. 

Pilderia erythrotricha Klotzsch ex A. de 

humilis sensu Ker-Gawler, Bot. Reg., vol. 4, pl. 

284, 1818.-Haworth, Succ. PI. Suppl., 

100, 18 19 [= suaveolens Loddiges, 18 171. 

-0.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 

7:19, 1911. 

Candolle, 186 I. 

= odorata Willdenow, 18 13. 

humilis sensu Bonpland, Descr. PI. Malmaison, 

11, pl. 62, 1817, non Dryander, 1789.- 

Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 2:626, 1825. 

humilis sensu Duss, FI. Phan. Antil. France, 

2:32 1, 1897, non Dryander, 1789.-O.E. 

Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:28, 

1911. 

= hirsuta Aublet, 1775. 

= hirtella Link var. hirtella, 1822. 

humillima L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 53:297, pl. 1, 1983. Venezuela. 

Fig. 26.29. 

hydrocotylifolia Otto ex W.J. Hooker var. hydrocotylifolia, Bot. Mag., vol. 69, pl. 3968, 

1842. Mexico. Fig. 7.3. 

Gireoudia hyd rocotylifolia Klotzsch, 

hydrocotylifolia Otto ex W.J. Hooker var. 

asarifolia A. de Candolle, Prodr. 

15( 1):344, 1864. Mexico. 

1854. 

asarijolia Liebmann, 1953. 

Gireoudia asarijolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

hydrophila Miquel, Anal. Bot. Ind., 3: 18, 

1832.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:635, 1879. 

= tnalabarica var. hydrophila C.B. Clarke, 

1879. 

hydrophylloides L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 

Caldasia, 4:7, pl. 1, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 

4.44, icon. 

hygrophila C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Bot. Belgique, 35:265, 1896.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:80, 1946. 

= filipes Bentham, 1844. 

hygrophzla var. puberula C. de Candolle, Bull. 

SOC. Roy. Bot. Belgique, 35:266, 1896.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:80, 1946. 

= filipes Bentham, 1896. 
182 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

hymenophylla Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:200, 1919. Indochina: Laos. 

Fig. 4.26. 

hymenophylloides F.K. Ward, Gard. Chron., 111, 

104:474, 1938, in obs.-F.K. Ward ex 

L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984, nomen 1egitimum.- 

L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 1984. Tibet-Burma. Fig. S9. 

hypogaea Winkler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 38:261, 

1906. Tropical Africa. Sine figura. 

hypolipara Sandwith, Bull. Misc. Inform., 99, 

193 1. Honduras. Fig. 7.8. Gelata in clave. 

K. Burt-Utley, Phytologia, 54:488, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

ignea Warzewicz ex A. de Candolle var. ignea, 

Prodr., 15( 1):306, 1864. Guatemala. Fig. 

4.10. 

Knesebeckia ignea Klotzsch, 1855. 

ignea Warzewicz ex A. de Candolle tuberosa 

C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Roy. Bot. Belgique, 33:267, 1896. Costa Rica. 

ignorata Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:97, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 2.47. 

irnitans Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:511, 1939. China. Fig. S8. 

iniperfecta Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:367, 

191 3. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 30.29. 

imperialis Lemaire var. imperialis, Ill. Hort., 

7(Misc.):53, 1860; Ill. Hort., vol. 8, pl. 

274, 1861. Mexico. Fig. 8.35. 

imperialis var. brunnea Lemaire, 186 1. 

hasskarlii var. hirsuta Ridley, 1922. 

imperialis Lemaire var. sniaragdina Lemaire, 

imperialis Lemaire var. brunnea Lemaire, Ill. 

= imperialis Lemaire var. imperialis, 1860. 

imperialis Lemaire var. maculata Lemaire, Ill. 

Hort., vol. 8, sub. pl. 274, 1861. 

inanis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:616, 

1949.--L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 2721 2, 

1973 [= rosacea sensu L.B. Smith, 1973, 

pro partel.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:444, 1983 [= quetamensis L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 

Ill. Hort., vol. 7, pl. 262, 1860. 

Hort., 1701. 8, sub pl. 274, 1861. 

19461.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= novogranatae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

incana Lindley, Bot. Reg., 27(misc.):39, May 

1841 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:291, 

1981. 

= peltata Otto & Dietrich var. peltata, Feb 

1841. 

incana var. aurformis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1 :)327, 1864.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:292, 1981. 

= peltata var. auriformis J. Golding, 198 1. 

incarnata Link & Otto var. incarnata, Icon. PI. 

Rar., 4:37, pl. 19, 1829. Mexico. (Fig. 

30.19.) 

insignis Graham, 1829. Fig. 30.19, icon. 

martiana sensu Schlechter, 1830, non 

ciliata hort. ex Steudel, 1840. 

aucibfolia hort. ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Knesebeckia aucubfolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

Knesebeckia incarnata Klotzsch, 1854. 

subpeltata hort. ex Regel, 1866, non 

incarnata Link 8c Otto var. papillosa A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1 :)309, 1864. MexLink 8c Otto, 1829. 

Wight, 1852. 

1co. 

papillosa Graham, 1828. 

Knesebeckia papillosa Klotzsch, 1854. 

incarnata ‘Purpurascens’ Regel, Gartenflora, 

15:358, 1866, taxa hybridogena. 

subpeltata ‘Rubra’ ex Irmscher, 1960. 

incarnata sensu Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 

4: 128, 1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):332, 1864. 

= seemanniana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

incerta Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 57, 191 1. 

incisa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

incisoserrata A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. Bras., 

Scheidweileria incisoserrata Klot~sch, 

I’i’agneria incisoserrata Klotzsch ex A. de 

incondita Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 41 2, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 7.23. 

1 1 : 129, 1859. Philippines. Fig. 6.13. 

4( 1):374, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 4.5. 

1853. 

Candolle, 186 1. 
NUMBER 60 183 

Siam. Fig. 34.8. 

inconspicua Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:3 1, pl. 4, 

1945. Brazil. Fig. 17.15, icon. 

inculta Irmscher var. inculta, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:48, 1953. Brazil. Fig. 16.9. 

inculta Irnischer var. vestita Handro, Loefgrenia, 27:3, 1968. Brazil. 

inermis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:39, 

1953.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:444, 1983. Fig. 3 1.17. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

inflata C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:636, 1879. India. Fig. 30.12. 

injoloensis De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Cong., V., 

2:317,pl. 78, 1908; Ann. Mus. Cong., V., 

3:451, 1912. 

= rhopalocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

inostegia Stapf, Trans. Linn. SOC. London Bot., 

11, 4:166, 1894; in J.D. Hooker, Icon. PI., 

vol. 24, pl. 2309, 1895. Borneo. Fig. 

12.22, icon. 

insignis Graham, Edinburgh New Philos. J., vol. 

11 [date unknown]; non visus; Bot. Mag., 

vol. 56, pl. 2900, 1829.-Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:213, 1843. 

= incarnata Link 8c Otto var. incarnata, 

1829. 

insularis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

15:32, pl. 2, 1957. Brazil. Fig. 19.7, icon. 

insularum Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:353, 

19 13. Indonesia: Sangir Island. Fig. 

2 1.25. 

integerrima Sprengel var. integerrima, Neue 

Entdeck, 2: 174, 1820. Brazil. Fig. 12.26. 

populnea A. de Candolle, 1859. 

integerrima Sprengel var. cardioides Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:30, 71, 1953. Brazil. 

integrifolia Dalzell var. integrifolia in W.J. 

Hooker, J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc., 3:230, 

185 1. India. Fig. 28.34. 

integrfolia Dalzell var. guttata Gagnepain 

in Lecomte, FI. Indo-Chine, 2: 11 14, 

192 1 .-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Bot. Hamburg, 8: 153, 1929. Indochina: Laos. 

= guttata Wallich ex A. de Candolle var. 

guttata, 1864. 

intercedens Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:97, 

1953.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= fischeri var. malvacea Irmscher, 1953. 

intermixta Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:101, pls. 1, 2, 1929. Siam, Malaya. 

Fig. 7.19. 

inversa Irmscher var. inversa, Webbia, 9:505, 

1953. Sumatra. Fig. Sl3. 

inversa f. nana Irmscher, Webbia, 9:507, 

1953. Sumatra. 

involucrata Liebmann var. involucrata, Vid. 

Medd. Naturh. For. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 

15, 1853. Central America: Costa Rica, 

Panama. Fig. 4.55 (Fig. 32.8). 

Gireoudia involucrata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia laciniata Klotzsch, 1855. 

broussonetifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

laciniosa A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Fig. 32.8. 

involucrata var. purpurascens hort. ex. Fotsch, 

Begonien, 41, 1933, pro syn. metachroa 

Fotsch, 1933. 

ionophylla Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst, 50:378, 

1913. Sumatra. Fig. 23.9. 

iridescens Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform., 110, 1920. 

India: Himalaya. Fig. 23.12. 

irmscheri L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci. 45:112, 1955. Colombia. Fig. 

15.3. 

Begoniella angustifolia Oliver, 1884. 

isabelensis Quisumbing 8c Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci, 

37: 173, 1928. Philippines. Fig. 24.40. 

isalensis Humbert, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

118:739, pl. 2: figs. 1-7, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 8.8. 

isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, PI. Icon, pl. 43, 

1790; Trans. Linn. Society, 1: 160, 179 1. 

Java. Fig. 2 1.22, icon. 

geniculata Jack, 1822. 

angustfolia Blume, 1827. 

bombycina Blume, 1827. 

repanda Blume, 1827. 

wrayi Hemsley, 1827. 

Petermannia geniculata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Diploclinium bombycinum Klotzsch, 

Diploclinium repandum Klotzsch, 1855. 

Diploclinium angustfolia Miquel, 1856. 

1855. 
184 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

isoptera sensu Ridley, FI. Malay Penins., 5:855, 

1922, non Dryander, 1790.-Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:112, 

113, 1929. 

= pseudisoptera Irmscher, 1929, pro parte. 

= holttumii Irmscher, 1929, pro parte. 

isopterocarpa Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:57, 

1953.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin, l(Bego):94, pl. 23, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 29.23. 

bauensis Brade, 1958. 

isopteroidea King, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist., 71:59, 1902. Malaya. Fig. 

27.20. 

itaguassuensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 8:234, pl. 7, 1948. Brazil. Fig. 

24.37, icon. ’ 

itajaiensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

13:76, pl. 3, 1954.-L.B. Smith & R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin, 1(Bego):83, 197 1. 

= echinosepala Regel var. echinosepala, 

1871. 

itatiaiensis Brade, Rodriquesia, 18: 18, pl. 2, 

1945. Brazil. Fig. 26.1 1. 

itatinensis Irnischer ex Brade, Bot. Mus. Nac. 

Rio de Janeiro, Bot., 1:15, pl. 7, 1944. 

Brazil. Fig. 15.2, icon. 

adiantformis Toledo, 1946. 

itupavensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

12:7, pls. 1, 5: figs. 1-6, 1952. Brazil. Fig. 

20.46. 

iucunda Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81: 186, 

196 1. Africa: Congo. Fig. 2 1.24. 

jagorii Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. Philipp., 54, 1904, “jagori.” Philippines. Fig. 

19.8. 

jairii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

10:135, pl. 5, 1950, “jairi.” Brazil. Fig. 

17.5. icon. 

janiaicensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:124, 1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:17, 191 1 [=purpurea 

Swartz, 1788; nomen validum sed illegitimum fide L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 19831. Jamaica. Fig. 

30.32. 

purpurea Swartz, 1788. 

acuti$olia Swartz, 1800, non Jacquin, 

suaveolens F. Hamilton in D. Don, 1825, 

jamesoniana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:139, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Lloydia, 13:86, 1950. Ecuador. 

= foliosa var. australis L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 

jatrophzfolia hort. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 215, 1855; 

Begoniac., 94, 1855, ‘>atrophaefolia,” pro 

syn. Gireoudia heraclefolia var. viridis 

Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1:)335, 1864. 

= heracleifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

var. heracleifolia, 1830. 

jenmanii Tutin, J. Bot., 78:252, 1940, “jenmani.” 

Guyana. Fig. 28.40. 

jocelinoi Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

13:71, pl. 1, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 4.20, icon. 

johnstonii Oliver ex J.D. Hooker f. johnstonii, 

Bot. Mag., vol. 112, pl. 6899, 1866, “johnstmi”.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

8 1 : 150, 196 1. Tanganyika, Kenya. Fig. 

34.9, icon. 

johnstonii Oliver f. pilosa Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:151, 1961. Tanganyika. 

johnstonii Standley ex J.R. Johnston, Cat. PI. Guatemala, 12, 1938, nomen nudum; non 

Oliver ex J.D. Hooker, 1866.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 

24:167, 1961. 

1787. 

non Loddiges, 18 17. 

= fusca Liebmann, 1853. 

josephii A. de Candolle var. josephii, Ann. Sci. 

Nat. Bot., IV, 11:126, 1859, ‘>osephi.” 

India. Fig. 3.3. 

picta sensu Wallich, 1831, non J.E. 

Smith, 1807. 

scutata sensu Wallich, 183 1, nomen nudum, non Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

josephii A. de Candolle var. macrocarpa A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):3 14, 1864. India. 

josephii A. de Candolle var minima C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 
NUMBER 60 185 

2:639, 1879. 

juliana Loefgren ex Hoehne, Res. Hist. Secc. 

Bot. Agron. Inst. Biol. Sao Paulo, 147, 

1937, nomen nudum, non visus.-Loefgren ex Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:62, 

1933. Brazil. Fig. 19.16. 

junghuhniana Miquel, PI. Jungh, 4:418, “1855,” 

1857.-Backer & Van den Brink, FI. Java, 

1:309, 1964. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

junghuhniana f. acutfolia Miquel ex Koorders, 

Exkur.-FI. Java, 2:644, 19 12, pro syn. junghuhniana Miquel, 1857.-Backer & Van 

den Brink, FI. Java, 1:309, 1964. 

juninensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:594, 

juntasensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI., 3(2): 106, 

bracteosa sensu Rusby, 1907, non A. de 

subrectangula Rusby, 1934. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

1949. Peru. Fig. 20.12. 

1898. Bolivia. Fig. S36. 

Candolle, 1859. 

jussiaeicarpa Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:33, 

1895. Tropical West Africa. Fig. 

14.48. 

kaietukensis Tutin, J. Bot., 78:250, 1940.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:444, 1983. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

kalabenonensis Humbert, Bull. SOC. France, 

118:739, pl. 1: figs. 9-13, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 7.2 1. 

kalbreyeri (Oliver) L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert 

var. kalbreyeri, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 

43: 1 13, 1955. Colombia. Fig. 18.25, icon. 

Begoniella kalbreyeri Oliver, 188 1. 

kalbreyeri L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert var. 

glabra L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

M‘ash. Acad. Sci., 45:113, 1955. Colombia. 

Begoniella kalbreyeri var. glabra L.B. 

kaniensis Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:373, 

1913. Neiz Guinea. Fig. 9.11. 

karwinskyana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 134, 1839.-K. Burt-Utley, TuSmith & B.G. Schubert, 1950. 

lane Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= fusca Liebmann, 1853. 

kautskyana Handro, Loefgrenia, 74: 1, 198 1. 

Brazil. Sine figura. 

kellermanii C. de Candolle, Smithson. Misc. 

Coll., 69(12):1, 1919.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 177, 

196 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:293, 

198 1. Guatemala. Fig. 3.44. 

kelliana Irmscher, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. BerlinDahlem, 7:102, 1917. New Guinea. Sine 

figura. 

keniensis Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):62 1, 

1921. East Africa: Kenya, Uganda. Fig. 

31.13. 

kennedyi sensu F.A. Barkley 8c J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:63, 1974, sphalmate 

pro plebeja var. kennedyi Ziesenhenne, 

1959. 

kenworthyae Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 17: 148, 

pl., 1950, “kenworthyi.” Mexico. Fig. 4.33. 

keraudrenae Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 144:59, pl. 

3: figs. 2, 3, 1983. Madagascar. Editus 

sero pro clave. 

kerrii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 57, 191 1. Sam. 

Fig. 7.20. 

kerstingii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:345, 

1913. New Guinea. Fig. 14.46. 

spilotophylla sensu Schumann & Lauterbach, 1901, non F. von Mueller, 

1876. 

khasiana C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. 

India, 2:656, 1879. India: Himalaya. Sine 

figura. 

pedunculosa sensu Wallich no. 3672B, 

1831, non Wallich, 1830. 

khasiana sensu F.A. Barkley 8c J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:63, 1974, sphalmate 

pro laciniata subsp. khasiana Irmscher, 

1939. 

killipiana L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:18, pl. 3, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 18.9. 

kimusaana C. Chevalier, Begonias, 352, 1938, 

nomen nudum. 

kingiana Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Ham- 
186 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

burg, 8:106, pl. 3, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 

2.24. 

hasskarlii sensu King, 1902, non Zollinhasskarlii sensu Ridley, 1922, non Zolkisuluana Buttner, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. 

Brandenburg, 32:45, 1890, non visus. Angola. Descriptione inchoata. 

poggei sensu De Wildeman, 1908, pro 

zobiaensis De Wildeman, 1908. 

klainei Pierre ex Pellegrin, Mem. Soc. Linn. Norniandie, 26: 124, 1924. Mayombe. Descriptione inchoata. 

klemmei Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:402, “191 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 24.38. 

klossii Ridley, J. Linn. Soc. Bot., 41:290, 1913. 

Malaya. Fig. 8.13. 

knoopii Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 49:52, pl., 

1982. Mexico. Editus sero pro clave. 

konioensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 57:242, 

192 1. Tropical West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 

19.18. 

konder-reisiana L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin l(Bego):35, pl. 10, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 17.25. 

koordersii W’arburg ex Koorders, Natuurk. 

Tijdschr. Xed. Indie, 63:91, 1904, nomen 

nudum.-Warburg ex L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:444, pl. 5, 

1983. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 28.16. 

kortsiae Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 38:29, PI., 

197 1, “kortsae.” Mexico. Fig. 4.12. 

kotoensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 

30:124, 191 1.-Liu & Lai, FI. Taiwan, 

3:793, 1977. 

ger & Moritzi, 1846. 

linger & Moritzi, 1846. 

parte. 

= fenicis Merrill, 1908. 

kouy-tcheouensis Guillaumin, Bull. Mus. Hist. 

Nat. (Paris), 31:477, 1925. China. Fig. 

32.12. 

kraussiantha Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 183, 

pi. 8: fig. 2, 1959.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= pringlei S. Watson, 189 1. 

kribensis Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 19, 192 1, 

nomen nudum. Cameroon. 

kuhlmannii Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:20, pl. 5, 

1945. Brazil. Fig. 32.18. 

kummerae Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:87, 1904, 

“kummeriae”.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 

9(3.2):6 1 4, 192 1, 

= oxyloba W’elwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

kunstlerana King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist. 7 1 :63, 1902, “kunstleriana”.- 

Ridley, FI. Malay Penins, 5:860, 1925. 

= scortechinii var. kunslerana Ridley, 1922. 

kunthiana Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 2:650, 

1852.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 87, 

pl. 5284, 1861. Venezuela. Fig. 16.37, 

icon. 

lucida Kunth & Bouche, 1849, non Haworth 1821, non Otto & Dietrich, 

1848. 

Gaerdtia kunthiana Klotzsch, 1854. 

labordei H. Leveille, Bull. SOC. Agric. Sarthe, 

39:323, 1904. China. Fig. 24.6. 

harrowiana Diels, 19 12. 

polyantha H. Leveille, 191 6. 

henryi X sinensis? Irmscher, 1927. 

lacera Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:49, 1915. Philippines. Fig. 6.16. 

lacerata Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:535, 1939. China. Fig. 5.25. 

laciniata Roxburgh ex Wallich, Num. List, 129, 

no. 3678A, 183 1, nomen nudum.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, F1. Brit. Ind., 

2:645, 1879 [= laciniata Roxburgh, 

18321.-H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 215, 

1966. 

= palniata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

laciniata Roxburgh ex Wallich, Num. List, 129, 

no. 3678B, 183 1, nonien nudum.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):348, 1864 [= laciniata var. nepalensis A. de Candolle, 

1864].-1rmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:526, 1939 [= laciniata 

subsp. nepalensis Irmscher, 1939].-H. 

Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 2 15, 1966. 

= palniata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

laciniata Roxburgh, FI. Ind., 3:649, 1832.-W. 

J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 83, pl. 5021, 

1857.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 
NUMBER 60 187 

347, 1864.-C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, 

FI. Brit. Ind., 2:645, 1879.--Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:525, 

1939.-H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 2 15, 

1966. 

= palmata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

laciniata sensu Forbes 8c Hemsley, J. Linn. SOC. 

Bot., 23:322, 1888, non Roxburgh, 

1832.-Liu 8c Lai, FI. Taiwan, 3:795, 

1977. 

= formosana Masamune var. formosana, 

1961. 

laciniata sensu Hayata in Matsumura 8c Hayata, 

J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 22:166, 

1906, non Roxburgh, 1832.-Hayata, J. 

Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 30: 124, 19 1 1 

[= laciniata var. formosana Hayata, 

191 I].-Liu and Lai, FI. Taiwan, 3:795, 

1977. 

= formosana Masamune var. formosana, 

1961. 

laciniata var. bowringiana A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):348, 1864.--Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:533, 

1939 [= laciniata subsp. bowringiana 

Irrnscher, 1939].-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. 

= palmata var. bowringiana J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata var. nepalensis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):348, 1864.--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot., 10:526, 1939 [= laciniata 

subsp. nepalensis Irmscher, 1939].-H. 

Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 215, 1966.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 40: 12, 1978, observatio in errore. 

= palrnata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

laciniata var.Java C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, 

FI. Brit. Ind., 2:645, 1879.-Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:529, 

pls. 4, 5, 939 [= laciniata subsp. Java 

Irnischer, 1939, pro parte; = laciniata 

subsp. gamblei Irmscher, 1939, pro 

partel.-H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 45:91, 

1970.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:493, 1984. 

= flaviflora H. Hara var. flaviflora, 1970, 

pro parte. 

= flaviflora H. Hara var. gamblei J. Golding 

8c C. Karegeannes, 1984, pro parte. 

laciniata var. tuberculosa C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:645, 1879.- 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:526, 1939 [= laciniata subsp. nepalensis 

Irnischer, 19391.-H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 215, 1966. 

= palniata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

laciniata var. forrnosana Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. 

Univ. Tokyo, 30: 124, 19 1 1 .-Liu 8c Lai, 

FI. Taiwan, 3:795, 1977. 

= formosana Masamune var. forniosana, 

1961. 

laciniata subsp. bowringiana (Champion) 

Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:333, pl. 11, 1939, “laciniata euta. reg. 

bowringiana”.-J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. 

= palmata var. bowringiana J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. crassisetulosa Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot.Hamburg, 10:532, pl. 10, 

1939, “laciniata euta. crassisetulosa”.-J. 

Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. 

= palmata var. crassisetulosa J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. d8orrni.s Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:531, pl. 8, 1939, 

“laciniata euta. loc. d@ormis”.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. 

= palmata var. difformis J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. Java (Clarke) Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot.Hamburg, 10:529, pls. 4, 

5, 1939, “laciniata euta. loc. Java”.-H. 

Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 45:91, 1970. 

= flaviflora H. Hara var. flaviflora, 1970. 

laciniata subsp. Javzjlora Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:531, pl. 9 1939, 

“laciniata euta. loc. jlavzJora”.-J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:496, 1984. 

= flaviflora var. vivida J. Golding 8c C. Ka- 
188 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

regeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. gamblei Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:528, pl. 3, 1939, “laciniata euta. loc. gamblei”.-H. Hara, FI. 

E. Himalaya, 215, 1966 [= palmata var. 

gamblei H. Hara, 19661.-J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. 

= flaviflora var. gamblei J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. khasiana Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:529, pl. 6, 1939, 

“laciniata conta. reg. Rhasiana”.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. 

= palmata var. khasiana J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. nepalensis (A. de Candolle) 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:526, pl. 2, 1939, “laciniata euta. reg. 

nepalensis”.-H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 

215, 1966. 

= palmata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

laciniata subsp. principalis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:530, pl. 7, 1939, 

“laciniata euta. principalis”.-J. Golding 

8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:495, 

1984. 

= palmata var. principalis J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniata subsp. laeuifolia Irmscher, Notes Roy. 

Bot. Gard. Edinburg, 2 1 :43, 195 1, “laciniata euta. loc. laevfolia”.-J. Golding 8c 

C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:495, 

1984. 

= palmata var. laevifolia J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

laciniosa A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):340, 

1864.-Standley, Publ. Field Must. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 18:743, 1937. 

= involucrata Liebmann var. involucrata, 

1853. 

lacunosa Warburg in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):140, 1894, nomen nudurn; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:42, 1895. Cameroon. Fig. 2.7. 

lacustris Wright ex Grisebach, Cat. PI. Cub., 117, 

1866, pro syn. touarensis Klotzsch, 

1855.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 44:246, 1979. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

laeteuirides hort. ex Ziesenhenne, M. Minter, Begonian, 18: 137, 195 1, non Gilg, 1905.- 

H. Blossfeld, Begonian, 30:35, 1963. 

= bradei Irmscher, 1953. 

laetevirides Gilg, 1905, ex Begonian, 20:79, 

1953, nomen nudurn.-H. Blossfeld, Begonian, 30:35, 1963, “laeteviridea”.-R. 

Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 543254, 1968, 

Gilg ex herb. Univ. Calif. Berkley, no. 9 1. 

Africa. 

laevis Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 8(4):39, 

191 7. Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig.34.10. 

lagunensis Elmer, Leafl. Phillipp. Bot., 2:735, 

1910. Philippines. Fig. 14.34. 

laminariae Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 2 1 :40, 195 1. China. Sine figura. 

lanata Linden 8c Rodrigas in A. Van Den Heede, 

Les Begonias, 164, 1903, nomen nudum. 

lanceolata \’ellozo, F1. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 33 

1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 5:402, 1881, desc. Brazil. Fig. 13.8, 

icon. 

Trachelanthus attenuatus Klotzsch, 

Trachelocarpus attenuatus C. Mueller in 

attenuata A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

lancifolia Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:48, 1915. 

Philippines. Fig. 6.17. 

lancilimba Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 14:424, 1919. 

Philippines. Fig. 14.5. 

langbianensis E.G. Baker, J. Nat. Hist. SOC. Siam, 

4: 133, 192 1. Indochina. Sine figura. 

langsdor-i ’4. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:140, 1859; in Martius, F1. Bras., 

4(1):380, 1861. 

1855. 

Walpers, 1857. 

= bidentata Raddi var. bidentata, 1820. 

lansbergeae L. Linden 8c Rodigas, Ill. Hort. 

40:41, pl. 174, 1893. Brazil. Descriptione 

inc hoa ta . 

lanstyakii Brade, Arq. Serv. Florest., 2:23, pl. 4, 

1943. Brazil. Fig. 28.47. 

lantanijolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 
NUMBER 60 189 

IV, 11:141, 1859, “lantanaefolia”.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 100, 

1946. 

= buddleiifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

lanternaria Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:535, 1939. China. Fig. 26.18. 

lanuginosa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:131, 1839.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

M’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

189.5. Cameroon. Fig. 2.1 1. 

logia, 52:446, 1983. Brazil. Fig. 20.32. 

lapor-teifolia Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:41, 

larorum L.B. Sniith & D.C. U’asshausen, Phytosimulans Irmscher, 1933, non Merrill & 

lateralis Elmer ex Merrill, Enurn. Philipp. F1. PI., 

3: 127, 1923, pro syn. pseudolateralis 

Warburg, 1904. 

latipetiolata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 57:244, 

192 1 .-M’ilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, BLIrundi, 17, 1969. 

Perry, 1943. 

= subscutata De Wildeman, 1908. 

latistipula Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:3 1, 191 5. 

Philippines. Fig. 2 1.37. 

latistipula Engler, L‘eg. Erde, g(3.2): 6 16, 192 1, 

non Merrill, 1915.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

U’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= gracilicaulis Irnischer, 192 1. 

laurina hort. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):292, 1864, pro syn. ottonis U’alpers, 

1843.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 184, 1946. 

= guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth 

var. guaduensis, 1825. 

lauterbachii U’arburg f. lauterbachii in Schuniann & Lauterbach, FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee, 458, 190 1 .-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 78:175, pl. 6: fig. 1, 1959. 

New Guinea. Fig. 2 1.20. 

lauterbachii Warburg f. monopoda Irnischer, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78:175, pl. 6: figs. 3, 4, 

19.59. New Guinea. 

laxa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 

28:416, pl. 88, 1932. Venezuela. Fig. 

30.50, icon. 

lazuli Linden, Suppl. Cat. PI. Exot., 2, 1858, 

nonien nudum.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 85, pl. 5107, 1859 [= xanthina 

var. lazuli W.J. Hooker, 18591.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:644, 1879. 

= xanthina W.J. Hooker var. xanthina, 

1852. 

lealii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

13:81, pl. 6, 1954, “leali.” Brazil. Fig. 

3.41, icon. 

leandrii Humbert, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

118:741, “1971,” 1973. Madagascar. Fig. 

5.15. 

leathernianiae T. O’Reilly & C. Karegeannes, 

Begonian, 50: 11 3, 141, 146, PI., 1983. 

Bolivia. Fig. S5. 

platanfolia var. acuminatissima Kuntze, 

1898. 

lebrunii Robyns & Lawalree, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Etat., 18:285, 1947.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:152, 1961. 

= wollastonii E.G. Baker, 1908. 

lecomtei Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:276, 1919. Indochina. Fig. 26.3. 

ledermannii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:344, 

19 13. New Guinea. Fig. 20.19. 

lehmannii (Irmscher) L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 45: 113, 1955. 

Colombia. Fig. 19-19. 

Begoniella lehmannii Irmscher, 1949. 

lehmbachii Warburg, Gartenflora, 49:28 1, pl. 

1476, 1900.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 

9(3.2):614, 1921. 

= oxyloba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

lemaoutii hort. ex Vallerand, Jardin, 258, 1889, 

“lemahoutii”.--I11. Hort., 36: 1 1 1, 1889, 

“Le Maouti. ” Descriptione inchoata. 

lemurica Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 144:56, pl. 

3: fig. 6, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero 

pro clave. 

lepida Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:98, 1827.- 

Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2:645, 19 12. 

Java. Fig. 14.43. 

Diploclinium lepidum Miquel, 1856. 

Knesebeckia bracteata Hasskarl, 1858. 

resecta Miquel ex Koorders, 191 2. 

lepidella Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 
190 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

8(4):40, 19 17. Indonesia: Sumatra. Sine 

figura. 

lepidota Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhaven 1852, p. 17, 1853.-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, F1. Bras., 4(1):388, 

1861. 

= manicata Brongniart var. manicata, 1842. 

leprosa Hance, J. Bot., 21:202, 1883.-W.Y. 

Chun and F. Chun, Sunyatsenia, 4:24, pl. 

7, 1939. China. (Fig. 24.22.) 

bretschneiderana Hemsley, 1900. Fig. 

leptantha C.B. Robinson, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:211, 

19 1 1. Philippines. Fig. 18.4. 

leptophylla Taubert, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 21 :445, 

1896. Brazil. Fig. 10.15. 

leptophylla C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:319, 1908; Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69(12):2, 1919 [=fissurarum C. de 

Candolle, 1919].-fide K. Burt-Utley, 

Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985.- 

L.B. Smith and D.C. U’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

24.22, icon. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

leptopoda C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69( 12):6, 19 19.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:56, 1958. 

= filipes Bentham, 1844. 

leptoptera H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 48, 4:98, pl. 1, 

adscendens sensu H. Hara, 1971, non 

leptostyla Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:609, 

1949. Bolivia. Fig. 19.25. 

leptotricha C. de Candolle Bull. SOC. Bot. Geneve, 

II,6:121,pl. 4, 1914.-L.B. Smith8cB.G. 

Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:108, 1941 [= 

subvillosa Klotzsch, 1855.].-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:446, 

1983. 

= subvillosa var. leptotricha L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, 1983. 

lethomasiae Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:85, 1969. Central Africa. Fig. 14.10. 

leucantha Ridley, J. Asiat. SOC. Straits, 57:49, 

191 1. Malaya. Fig. 28.37. 

1973. Nepal. Sine figura. 

C.B. Clarke, 1890. 

leuconeura Urban & Ekman, Ark. Bot., 

23A(5):97, 1930. West Indies: Haiti. Fig. 

23.18. 

leucosticta Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. 

Philipp., 55, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 

20.15. 

leytensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 2:739, 

19 10.-Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 7:3 1 1, 

1912. 

= quercifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

leytensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 9:379, 1914; 

Philipp. J. Sci., 10:277, 1913, non Elmer, 

1910. 

= wenzelii Merrill, 191 5. 

libanensis Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni 

Veg., 21:217, 1925. Cuba. Fig. 11.3. 

libera L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 45:113, 1955. Colombia. Fig. 

18.20. 

Begoniella libera L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

libonica hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 232, 1855; 

Begoniac., 112, 1855, pro syn. Pritzelia 

princeps Klotzsch, 1835.-A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):357, 1861. 

= princeps A. de Candolle var. princeps, 

1861. 

lichenoides L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Publ. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. ‘yavier Prado,” Ser. B, 

Bot., 17:10, pl. 4, 1963.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. W’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 

1984. 

Schubert, 1946. 

= weberbaueri Irmscher, 1953. 

liebmannii A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):345, 

1864, “liebmanni”.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 174, 196 1. 

= ludicra A. de Candolle, 1859. 

lignescens Morton, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 27:308, 

1937. Costa Rica. Fig. 17.33. 

lignosa Rusby, Descript. New Spec. S. Amer. Pl., 

65, 1920.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 33(87):80, 1944. 

= unduavensis Rusby, 1920. 

liminghi hort. Wien, Ill. Garten-zeit, 10:426, pl., 

1885.--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:29, 1953 [= limmingheana Morren, 
NUMBER 60 191 

1866].-L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin, l(Bego):14, 1971 [= procumbens 

Vellozo, 183 11.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

limmingheana Morren, Belgique Hort., 16:2 1, 

pls. 3, 4, 1866.-L.B. Smith & R.C. 

Smith, F1. 11. Catarin, I(Bego): 14, 197 1 

[= procumbens Vellozo, 183 I].-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 1831. 

limminghei Pynaert, Rev. Hort. Belge. Etrangere, 

1:259, pl., 1875.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:29, 1953 [= limmingheana Morren, 1866].-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, 

FI. If. Catarin, I(Bego):14, 1971 [=procumbens Vellozo, 1831].-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 34:469, 

1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

limprichtii Irmscher, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni 

Veg. Beih., 12:440, 1922. China. Fig. 

26.12. 

lindeniana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:123, 1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:12, 191 1. 

= cubensis Hasskarl, 1858. 

lindeniana sensu Sauvalle, FI. Cub., 57, 1869, 

non A. de Candolle, 1859.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:18, 191 1. 

lindleyana Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:209, 

= wrightiana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

1843. Guatemala. Fig. 2.4. 

uitfolia sensu Lindley, 1842. 

Gireoudia lindleyana Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia vitfofolia Klotzsch, 1855. 

lindleyana semu de Warszewicz ex Klotzsch, 

Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen nudum, non 

Walpers, 1843. 

lindleyana sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Caldasia, 4: I 1, pl. 2, 1946, non Walpers, 

1843.-K. Burt-Utley, Phytologia, 54: 

488, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

lindmanii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

12, pls. 2, 5: figs. 7-14, 1952. Brazil. Fig. 

20.4. 

lineata N.E. Brown, Gard. Chron., 18:199, 

1882.-Backer & Van den Brink, FI. Java, 

1:308, 1963.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

lineolata Brade, Sellowia, 9:28, pl. 1, 1958. Bralipingensis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Ham- 

= tenuifolia Dryander, 179 1. 

zil. Fig. 19.14, icon. 

burg, 6:353, 1927. China. Fig. 5.27. 

pedatzfida var. kewensis Leveille, 1909. 

lipolepis L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 27:2 14, pl. 3, 

1973. Venezuela. Fig. 30.45. 

listada L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Begonian, 

49: 135, pl., 198 1. Brazil: Rio Grande do 

Sul; Paraguay, Argentina. Fig. 14.41. 

listida hort., 196 1. 

listeri hort., Garden, 24:483, 1883, non visus. 

listida hort., Begonian, 28: 162, 196 1, “listada”; 

Begonian, 29:226, 1962.-C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 49: 157, 198 1. 

= listada L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1981. 

littleri Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:379, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 16.34. 

lobata Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 

4(app.):408, 1827.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1): 375, 1861. Brazil. 

Fig. 4.15, non typus. 

Ewaldia ferruginea Klotzsch, 1854. 

Ewaldia lobata Klotzsch, 1854. 

galeottii hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

velutina hort. Vind. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

uernicosa hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

lobato-peltata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:86, 

1853.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 44:244, 1979. Peru. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

lobbiana A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):355, 

1864, pro syn. parvuliflora A. de Candolle 

var. parvuliflora, 1859. 

lobbii A. de Candolle, Prodr., 13( 1):390, 1864. 

Indonesia: Java. Sine figura. 

Mitscherlichia lobbi Hasskarl, 1858. 

lobulata A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):339, 

1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fiel- 
192 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

diana: Bot., 24: 18 1, 196 1 [= sartorii Liebmann, 18531.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):337, 1864. 

= sarcophylla Liebmann, 1853. 

locellata A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:137, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:54, 1958. Mexico. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

loheri Merrill, Philipp J. Sci., 6:382, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 6.19. 

lokobeensis Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), III,47:80, 1972.-M. KeraudrenAymonin, FI. Madagascar, 144:62, 1983. 

= humilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

loloensis Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:94, 1904. 

Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. Fig. 

21.47. 

lornensis Britton & Wilson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 

50:43, 1923. Cuba. Fig. S38. 

longibarbata Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 8:228, pl. 2, 1948. Brazil. Fig. 

31.16, icon. 

longibractea Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. Bot., 17:293, 

1920. Philippines. Fig. 6.3. 

longicaulis Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. Straits 

Branch, 75:35, 1917. Malaya, Fig. 32.17. 

longfolia Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5, art. 4:8, 

1790, nomen nudum. Java. 

longifolia Blume, Catalogus, 102, 1823. Java. 

Descriptione inchoata. 

Diploclinium longfolium Miquel, 1856. 

Diploclinium longfolium var. luxurians 

Miquel ex Koorders, 19 12. 

longimaculata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:89, 

1953. Peru. Fig. 20.31. 

longinoda Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:397, “191 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 26.24. 

longipes W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 57, pl. 

300 1, 1830.-Irmscher, Webbia, 12: 

506, 1957. Fig. 29.5, icon. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

longipes var. laticordata A. de Candolle, in Martius, F1. Bras., 4( 1):368, 1861 .-Irmscher, 

Webbia, 12:506, 1957. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

longipetiolata Gilg, Bot. Jahrb Syst., 34:92, 

1904.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):620, 

1912. 

= squamulosa J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

longipetiolata E.G. Baker, J. Bot., 62, suppl., 44, 

1924, “longepetiolata,” non Gilg, 1904.- 

J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:496, 1984. 

= longipedunculata J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 1984. 

longipedunculata J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. Sumatra. Descriptione inchoata. 

longipetiolata E.G. Baker, 1924. 

longipila Lemaire, Illustr. Hortic., 8, pl. 307, 

1860.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

335, 1864. 

= heracleifolia var. longipila A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

longirostris Bentham, PI. Hartw., 185, 1845.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:573, pl. 4, 

22, 1914. Colombia and Ecuador. Fig. 

21.12. 

Isopteris longirostris Klotzsch, 1854. 

Casparya grewifolia A. de Candolle, 

Casparya grewifolia var. jamesoniana A. 

Casparya grewifolia var. pavoniana A. 

Casparya longirostris A. de Candolle, 

grewifolia Warburg, 1894. 

Semibegoniella jamesoniana C. de CanSemibegoniella sodiroi C. de Candolle, 

longiscapa Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. Philipp., 52, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 24.26. 

longiseta Irmscher, Webbia, 9:499, pl. 7, 1954. 

Borneo. Fig. 14.44. 

longistipula Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:379, 

“ 19 1 1 ,” 19 12. Philippines. Sine figura. 

longovillosa A. de Candolle, Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:130, 1859. Philippines. Sine figura. 

1859. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

1864. 

dolle, 1908. 

1908. 
NUMBER 60 193 

lophoptera Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform., 1 :28, 

1914. Peru. Fig. 32.9. 

loranthoides J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. 

Afr., 2:580, 187 1 .-De Wilde & Arends, 

Acta Bot. Neerl., 28:358, 1979. Tropical 

Africa. Fig. 16.36 (Fig. 16.14). 

henriquesii C. de Candolle, 1892. 

mauricei Ziesenhenne, 197 1. Fig. 16.14. 

louis-willianisii Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 34: 194, pl. 

4, 1982. Guatemala. Fig. 22.26, icon. 

lowiana King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. 

Hist., 7 157, 1902. Malaya. Fig. S37. 

lubbersii Morren, Belgique Hort., 33: 155, pl. 13, 

1883 “lubbersi.” Brazil. Fig. 3.22. 

lucida Haworth, Saxifr. Enum., 197, 182 1 .-A. 

de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):343, 1861. 

= humilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

lucida Paxton, Paxton’s Mag. Bot., 13:77, 1847, 

nomen sub iconis sphalmate pro nitida 

Dryander, 1789.-O.E. Schulz in Urban 

Synib. Antil., 7: 19 [= odorata Willdenow, 

18 13; sphalmate1.-O.E. Schulz in Urban 

Synib. Antil., 7:9, 191 1. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

lucida Otto x1 Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 

16: 162, 1848.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):362, 1864 [=scandens Swartz, 

17881.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., i:5, 191 1. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

lucida Kunth & Bouche, Index Semin. hort. Berol. 1848 Coll., 16, 1849, non Haworth, 

182 1, non Otto & Dietrich, 1848.-Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 2:650, 1852. 

lucida Parodi, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent., 5:208, 

1878), non Haworth, 1821, non Otto & 

Dietrich, 1848, non Kunth & Bouchk, 

1849.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. 

= lucidissinia J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

1984. 

lucidi$olia Rojas, Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrient., 63, 

1897, nomen nudum. Argentina. 

lucidissima J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phyto- 

= kunthiana Walpers, 1852. 

logia, 54:496, 1984. Paraguay. Sine figura. 

lucida Parodi, 1878, non Haworth, 

1821, non Otto & Dietrich, 1848, 

non Kunth & Bouchk, 1849. 

lucifuga Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:608, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 30.5. 

lucunda sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:72, 1974, sphalmate 

pro iucunda Irmscher, 196 1. 

ludicra A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1: 133, 1859. Mexico. Fig. 25.17. 

reptans Liebmann, 1853, non Bentham, 

Weilbachia reptans Klotzsch & Oersted, 

liebmannii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

repens Liebmann ex Hemsley 1860, non 

ludwigii Irmscher, Biblioth. Bot., 116: 11 3, 1937. 

1840. 

1855. 

Laniark, 1785. 

Ecuador. Fig. 4.34. 

ecuador hort. ex Gray, 1931. 

ecuadorensis hort. Buxton, 1932. 

rigida sensu A. Clark, 1947. 

ludwigsii Gilg ex Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. 

Belg., 39:84, 1969, pro syn. gladiifolia 

Engler, 192 1. 

lunatistyla Irmscher, Webbia, 9:503, pl. 8, 1953. 

Borneo. Fig. 14.24. 

lushaiensis C.E.C. Fischer, Bull. Misc. Inform., 

273, 1928. India. Descriptione inchoata. 

lutea L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 1 1, 

pl. 2, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 8.37. 

luxii C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:541, 1895.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:58, 1958. 

= oaxacana A. de Candolle var. oaxacana, 

1864. 

luxii var. pilosior C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. 

Roy. Bot. Belgique, 35:266, 1896.-Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 

Ser., 18:743 1937 [duxii C. de Candolle, 

1895].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:58, 1958. 

= oaxacana A. de Candolle, var. oaxacana, 

1864. 
194 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

luxurians Scheidweiler var. luxurians, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 16: 13 1, 1848.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):373, pl. 

98, 1861 .-Irmscher, Webbia, 12:448, 

1957. Brazil. Fig. 4.3. 

Scheidweileria luxurians Klotzsch, 1854. 

luxurians Scheidweiler var. sampaioana Brade, 

Bot. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, Bot., l:lO, 

1944. Brazil. 

lu7onensis Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. Philipp., 32, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 26.25. 

bakeri Elmer, 1939, non C. de Candolle, 

lyallii A. de Candolle var. lyallii, Ann. Sci. ”at. 

Bot., IV, 1 1 : 144, 1859.-M. KeraudrenAymonin, FI. Madagascar, 144:73, pl. 22: 

figs. 1-9, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 32.33. 

lyallii A. de Candolle var. lyalli f. masoalensis 

Aymonin & Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 

144:76, pl. 23: fig. 4, 1983. Madagascar. 

lyallii A. de Candolle var. lyallii f. moratii 

Aymonin 8c Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 

144:76, pl. 23: figs. 1-3, 1983. Madagascar. 

Iyallii A. de Candolle var. grandiflora Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 144:80, 1983. Madagascar. 

lyallii A. de Candolle var. pubescens Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 144:78, pl. 22: fig. 

10, 1983. Madagascar. 

lyallii A. de Candolle var. urschii Keraudren, 

FI. Madagascar, 144:80, pl. 24, 1983. 

Madagascar. 

lynchiana J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 110, pl. 

6758, 1884, “Iqncheana”.-L.B. Smith 8c 

D.C. LVasshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 

1984. 

= cyathophora Poeppig & Endlicher, 1835. 

1908. 

macahensis Glaziou, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56, 

Mern., 3d:324, 1909. Descriptione inchoata. 

macambrarensis Exell, Cat. Vasc. PI. S. Tome, 

190, pl. 10, 1944. West Africa: S2o Tom;. 

Fig. 12.6. 

macbethii hort., Shepherd Cat., 18, 1891, 

“mcbethii”. -L. H. Bailey, Gentes Herb., 

1:127, 1923. 

= dregei var. macbethii L.H. Bailey, 1923. 

macbrideana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:87, 

19.53.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 34:468, 1984. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1839. 

macdanielsii Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 17:266, 1937. Mexico. 

Fig. 28.60. 

macdougallii Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 14:220, 

1947. Mexico. Fig. 5.3. Gelata in clave. 

I(. Burt-Ltley, Begonian, 49:117, 1982. 

= tliiemei C. de Candolle, 1895. 

macgi-egorii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 7:3 10, 19 12. 

Philippines. Fig. 14.42. 

macgregorii W.W. Smith, Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 

6(4):99, 1914, no11 Merrill, 1912.-L.B. 

Sinith X: D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:445, 1983. 

= burmensis L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1983. 

machrisiana L.B. Smith X: B.G. Schubert, Los 

Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci., 47: 1, 

pl., 1961. Brazil. Fig. 3.26. 

micra A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IFT, 

11:121, 1859. Colombia. Fig. 8.24. 

macrideana sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:74, 1974, sphalmate 

pro macbrideana Irmscher, 1933. 

niacrocarpa Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:43, 

189.5. Tropical U’est Africa: Cameroon. 

(Fig. 27.26). 

pseudimpatiens Gilg, 1904. 

bruneelii De U’ildeman, 1908. 

romeensis De Wildeman, 1908. Fig. 

gouroana A. Chevalier, 19 12. 

zenkeri iYarburg ex Exell, 1929. 

macrophjlla Lamai-ck, Encycl., 1 :394, 1785- 

O.E. Schulz, Urban Synib. Antil., 7:21, 

19 1 1 .-J. Colding, Phytologia, 43:246, 

1980. 

sirnii Stapf, 1905. 

27.26. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1733. 

macrophjlla semu U’ikstrom, Guadel., 76, 
NUMBER 60 195 

1828.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. 

Antil., 7: 19, 191 1, non Lamarck, 1785. 

macrophjlla hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 216, 

1855; Begoniac, 96, 1855, pro syn. Gireoudia macrophylla var. concolor 

Klotzsch, 1855.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. 

= odorata Willdenor\,, 18 13. 

= barkeri Knokvles & Wescott, 1840. 

macrophylla Sesse & Mocino, PI. Nov. Hisp., 162, 

1890, non Lamarck, 1785, non visus; 

FI. Mex.,ed. 2:219, 1894.-L.B. Smith 

x3 B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 

154:28, 1945. 

= barkeri Knotj,les 8s Wescott, 1840. 

macrophylla var. concolor (Klotzsch) J. Doorenbos ex F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:74, 1974.-Fide J. 

Doorenbos in litteris, J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:496, 

1984. 

= barkeri Knowles & Wescott, 1840. 

macrophylla var. discolor (Klotzsch) J. Doorenbos ex F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:74, 1974.-Fide J. 

Doorenbos in litteris [= peponifolia Visiani, 18471, J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:497, 1984. 

= barkeri Knowles & Wescott, 1840. 

macropoda Gilg. Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:90, 1904.- 

Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):617, 1921. 

= scutulum J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

macroptera Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, 

nonien nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 154, 1855; Begoniac, 34, 1855.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 

33(87):80, 1944 [= tovarensis Klotzsch 

18553; J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:245, 

1950 [= patula Haworth, 18191.- 

Brade, Rodriguesia, 32:135, 1957 [= 

Jischeri Schrank var. fmheri sensu 

Brade, 19571.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. macroptera 

Irmscher, 1953. 

macroptera var. paludum A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):346, 1861.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:468, 1984. 

= fischeri var. macroptera Irmscher, 1953. 

macroptera var. pohliana (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):346, 

1861.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula 

Haworth, 18 19].-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. 

= fischeri var. macroptera Irmscher, 1953. 

macrorhiza sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:74, 1974, sphalmate 

pro porteri var. macrorhiza Gagnepain, 

1921. 

macrostyla Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:37, 

1895.-Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. 

W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2,1:220, 1954. 

= eminii Warburg var. eminii, 1895. 

macrotis Visiana, Atti Inst. Veneto, 111, 4: 138, 

1859. Sine figura. Habitat? 

macrotoma Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 21:41, 1951. China. Fig. 4.50. 

macrura Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:92, 1904.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:468, 1984. Fig. 14.31. 

= squamulosa J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

maculata Raddi var. maculata, Mem. Mod., 

argyrostigma Fischer ex Link & Otto, 

punctata hort. ex Steudel, 1840. 

Gaerdtia maculata Klotzsch, 1854. 

18:406, 1820. Brazil. Fig. 30.56. 

1821. 

maculata Raddi var. maculata sensu L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:465, 

1984; Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 1984. 

= albo-picta W. Bull, 1855. 

maculata Raddi var. argentea (Van Houtte) A. 

de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4( 1):354, 1861. Brazil. 

aculeata M’alpers, 1843. 

argentea Van Houtte ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gaerdtia argentea Klotzsch, 1854. 
196 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

maculata Raddi var. albo-picta hort. Bull. ex 

Fotsch, Begonien, 93, pi. 40, 1933.- 

Irmscher in Pareys, Blumengartnerei, ed. 

2:79, 1960, sphalmate pro ‘Argenteo-guttata.’ 

maculata Raddi var. elegantissima hort. ex 

Fotsch, Begonien, 93, 1933. 

maculata Raddi var. wightii hort. ex Fotsch, 

Begonien, 93, 1933, “wrightii.” 

maestrensis Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni 

Veg., 21:216, 1925. Cuba. Fig. 30.23. 

madecassa Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 144:83, 

pi. 26, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro 

clave. 

magdalenae L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:90, pl. 10, 1946. Colombia. Sine 

figura. 

magdalenensis Brade, Rodriguesia, 18: 19, pl. 3, 

1945. Brazil. Fig. 24.28. 

magnzjica Warscewicz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 

1854, pro syn. Stiradotheca magnzfca 

Klotzsch, 1854, nomen nudum.-Linden, 

Cat. PI. Exot., 2 1855.-Klotzsch, Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 249, 

1855; Begoniac., 129, 1855 [= Stibadotheca magnijlca Klotzsch, 18551.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):269, 1864 [= Carparyaferruginea A. de Candolle, 18641.- 

C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:319, 1908. 

= ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 

1781. 

magnqolia Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen., 5, art. 

4:8, 1790, nomen nudum. Java. 

mairei Leveille, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot., 

22:228, 1912.--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 6:346, 1927. 

majungaensis Guillaumin var. majungaensis, 

Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 34:281, 

1928.-M. Keraudren-Aynionin, FI. 

Madagascar, 114:67, pl. 20, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 30.4. 

majungaensis Guillaumin var. puberula Humbert ex Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 

= henryi Hemsley, 1887. 

144:70, 1983. Madagascar. 

malabarica Lamarck var. malabarica, Encyc., 

1:393, “1783,” 1785. India and Ceylon. 

Fig. 20.24. 

Tsjeria-narinampuli Rheede, 1689. 

malabarica var. rheedii A. de Candolle, 

malabarica Lamarck var. dipetala Thwaites, 

Enum. PI. Zeyl., 128, 1859.-C.B. Clarke 

in J.D. Hooker, F1. Brit. Ind., 2:655, 

1879.-Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, 78, 1960. India. 

= dipetala Graham, 1828. 

1864. 

rnalabarica Lamarck var. hydrophila C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:655, 1879. India. 

tuberosa herb. Wight ex Wallich, no. 

hydrophila Miquel, 1852. 

3675B, 1831. 

malabarica Lamarck var. rheedii A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):392, 1864.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:656, 1879. India. 

= malabarica Lamarck var. malabarica, 

1785. 

malabarica sensu Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 

3676D, 183 1, non Lamarck, 1785.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:646, 1879. 

= megaptera A. de Candolle, 1859. 

malabarica sensu Roxburgh, FI. Ind., 3:648, 

1832.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

399, 1864. 

= roxburghii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

malabarica F. Hamilton ex Walpers, Ann. Bot. 

Syst., 2:650, 1852, non Lamarck, 1785; 

pro syn. hamiltoniana Lehmann, 1850.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban. Symb. Antil., 7: 13, 

191 1. 

= acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

malindangensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:391, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 14.32. 

malniquistiana Irmscher f. malmquistiana, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 50:337, pl. 1, 1913. New 

Guinea. Fig. 18.33. 

malmquistiana Irnischer f. angustifolia 
NUMBER 60 197 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:339, pl. 

1 E, 19 13. New Guinea. 

malmquistiana Irmscher f. latifolia Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:339, pl. lA, 1913. 

New Guinea. 

malvacea Klotzsch Monatsber. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen nudum; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

153, 1855; Begoniac., 33, 1855.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. 

Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula Haworth, 

18 19].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:24, 1953. 

= fischeri var. malvacea Irmscher, 1953. 

mameiana C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69( 12):4, 1919.-Standley, Contr. 

U.S. Nat. Herb., 27:277, 1928. 

= filipes Bentham, 1844. 

mananjebensis Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), III,47:80, 1972.-M. KeraudrenAymonin, F1. Madagascar, 144:37, pl. 10, 

1983. Madagascar. Fig. 4.28. 

mangorensis Humbert var. mangorensis, Bull. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 111, 47:81, 

1972.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. 

Madagascar, 144:89, pl. 28: figs. 7-10, 

1983. Madagascar. Fig. 3.20. 

rnangorensis Humbert var. semiglabrescens 

Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

111, 47:s 1, 1972. Madagascar. 

manicata Brongniart var. manicata, Herb. Gen. 

de I'Aniateur, 3, pl. 46, 1842, non visus; 

Hortic. Univers., 4:33, pl., 1843, non visus.-Cels, J. des Jardins 184 1-2, p. 104, 

pl. 32, 1842.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):388,pl. 101, 1861.-Stapf, 

Bot. Mag., vol., 150, pl. 9055, 1925. Mexico. (Fig. 3.2.) 

lepidota Liebmann, 1853. 

schizolepis Leibmann, 1853. Fig. 3.2. 

Gireoudia manicata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gireoudia schizolepis Klotzsch, 1854. 

robustior Standley 8c Williams, 1850. 

nianicata Brongniart var. peltata L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 175, 

196 1. Guatemala. 

manicata hort. Paris ex Otto 8c Dietrich, Allg. 

Gartenzeitung, 11 :35, 1843, probabiliter 

manicata Brongniart var. manicata, 1842. 

manillensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 1 1 : 129, 1859. Philippines. Fig. 24.4 1. 

mannii J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 90, pl. 5434, 

1864. Tropical Africa. Fig. 14.20. 

epiphytica J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

excelsaJ.D. Hooker, 1871. 

oxyanthera Warburg, 1895. 

parva Sprague, 19 12. 

edulis Gilg ex Engler, 192 1. 

spraguei Weber, 1968. 

maracayuensis Parodi, Anales SOC. Ci. Argent., 

5:209, 1878. Paraguay. Descriptione inchoata. 

mariae L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 27:213, pl. 2, 

1973. Venezuela. Fig. 26.5. 

marnieri Keraudren, FI. Madagascar, 14454, pl. 

19, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro 

clave. 

marojejyensis Humbert, Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. B., Biol. Veg., 6: 112, 1955.- 

M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 

144:60, pl. 17, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 

3.4. 

martabanica A. de Candolle var. martabanica, 

Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:136, 1859. 

Burma. Fig. 11.4. 

rnartabanica A. de Candolle var. pseudoclivalis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:145, pl. 9, 1929. Malaya. 

clivalis Ridley, 19 10, pro parte. 

martiana Link Ok Otto, Ic. PI. Rar., 5:49, pl. 

25, 1829.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1 :)309, 1864. 

= gracilis var. martiana A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

martiana sensu Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 5:604, 

1830.4~ de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

309, 1864. 

= incarnata Link Ok Otto var. incarnata, 

1829. 

martinicensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:123, 1859.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:21, 1911 [= macro- 
198 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

phjlla Lamarck, 17851.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:246, 1980. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753. 

martini2 Leveille, Bull. Soc. Agric. Sarthe, 

39:323, 1904, “martini”.-Irmscher in 

Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin., 7:388, 1931 

[= sinensis A. de Candolle, 18591.- 

Irmscher Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:494, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. sinensis Irmscher, 1939. 

martynia hort., Floric. Cab. & Florist’s Mag., 

9:259, 184 1. Descriptione inchoata. 

masarangensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:368, 19 13. Celebes. Fig. 2 1.45. 

mascariensis Bojer, Hortus Maurit., 27 1, 1837, 

nonien nudum. 

masoniana Irmscher, Begonian, 26:202-203, 

23 1, 1959; Begonian, 38:52, 197 1. China. 

Fig. S26. 

maurandiae A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:119, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:94, pl. 11, 1946. 

Colombia, Ecuador. Fig. 3.14. 

hederacea A. de Candolle, 1859. 

mauricei Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 38: 161, pl., 

1971. Fig. 16.14. 

De M’ilde and Arends, Acta Bot. Neerl., 

28:3.39, 1979. Fig. 16.14. 

= loranthoides J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

maxima hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854,~. 223, 1855; Begoniac., 103, 1855, 

pro syn. Magnusia maxima Klotzsch, 

1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1:)334, 1864 [=maxima hort. ex A. de 

Candolle, 1864].-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 167, 196 1. 

= fusca Liebmann, 1853. 

maxima hort. Schonbr. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, 

nonien nuduni. 

maxima hort. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1:)334, 1864.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 167, 196 1. 

= fusca Liebmann, 1853. 

niaxwelliana King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist., 7 1 :66, 1902. Malaya. Fig. 24.5. 

mayasiana L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Publ. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. ‘tJavier Prado,” Ser. B, 

Bot., 17:7, pl. 3, 1963. Peru. Fig. 3.36. 

maynensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:126, 1859. Ecuador, Peru. Fig. 

16.8. 

rnayotnbensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

81:181, 1961. Angola, Congo. Fig. 2.15. 

mazae Ziesenhenne var. mazae, Begonian, 

14:152, 1947. Mexico. Fig. 33.12. 

tnazae Ziesenhenne var. deminuta Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 48:309, 1980. Mexico. 

mazae Ziesenhenne f. nigricans Ziesenhenne, 

Begonian, 48:309, 1980. Mexico. 

mazae Ziesenhenne f. viridis Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 48:309, 1980. Mexico. 

mearnsii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:383, “191 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Sine figura. 

media Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 24:54, 

pl. 6a-c, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 2 1.44. 

medusae Linden, Cat., 1861, non visus. Assam. 

megacarpa Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 9:378, 1914. 

Philippines. Fig. 9.2 1. 

megalantha Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:47, 191 5. 

Philippines. Fig. 19.28. 

megaphjlla A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:133, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 154:28, 

1945. 

= barkeri Knowles 8c Wescott, 1840. 

Obs: e plantis vidi fortasse species propria. 

J.G. 

megaptera A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:134, 1859. Nepal, India, Burma. 

Fig. 34.1 1. 

malabarica sensu Wallich, 183 1, non Lamegapteroidea King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist., 71 :65, 1902.-Koorders, 

Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2:649, 191 2 [= niuricata 

Blunie, 18271.-H.N. Ridley, FI. Malay 

Penins., 5:862, 1925. 

marck, 1785. 

= venusta King, 1902. 

meisneri M‘allich, Num. List, 213, no. 6294, 

1832, nonien nudum.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:645, 1879 
NUMBER 60 199 

[= rubro-venia var. meisneri C.B. Clarke, 

1879].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40: 19, 

1978. 

= hatacoa var. meisneri J. Golding, 1978. 

nienibranacea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., IV, 11:139, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 22.38. 

niengtzeana Irrnscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:536, 1939. China. Fig. 

4..57. 

meridensis ,4. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 123, 1859; Prodr., 15( 1 :)292, 

1864. i‘enezuela. Fig. 20.2. 

moritziana Klotzsch, 1854, non Kunth 

& Bouchk, 1848, non Klotzsch, 1855. 

IVageneria moritziana Klotzsch, 1854. 

merrillii M’arburg in Perkins, Fragni. Flor. Philipp., 33, 1904.-Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 

6:394, “191 1,” 1912. 

= nigritarurn Steudel, 182 1. 

nierrittii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 5:365, 19 10. 

metachroa Fotsch, Begonien, 41, pl. 2, 1933, 

involucrata var. purpurascens hort. ex 

metallica W.G. Smith, FI. Mag. (London), pl. 

197, 1876.-U7eber 8c Dress, Baileya, 

16:124, pl. 4, 1968. Brazil. Fig. 4.18. 

niexera hort., Floric. Cab. & Florist’s Mag., 

1 1 :65, 1843. Descriptione inchoata. 

mexiae Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 

Ser., 4:237, 1929.-fide K. Burt-Utley, 

Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985. 

Philippines. Fig. 27.8. 

fortasse taxa hybridogena. 

Fotsch, 1933. 

= stigmosa Lindley, 1845. 

mexicana Karsten ex Fotsch, Begonien, 27, pl. 

7, 1933. Mexico. Descriptione inchoata. 

meyeniana M’alpers, Nov. Actoruni Acad. Caes. 

Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., suppl., 2(19, 

suppl. 1):409, 1843.-O.E. Schultz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:27, 191 1.-L.B. 

Smith 81: D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:468, 1984. 

rider var. hurnilis, 1789. 

mejeri Otto K- Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 

4:549, 1836.-Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konig1. Preuss. Akad. M’iss. Berlin, 123, 1854 

[= Gurlitia mejeri Klotzsch, 18541.-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):376, 

1861. 

= tornentosa var. eriocaulis A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

meyeri W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 70, pl. 4100, 

1844, “meyerii,” non Otto & Dietrich, 

1836.-Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 189, 1855; Begoniac., 69, 1855 [= Rachia meyeri Klotzsch, 

1 855].-J. Doorenbos, Begonian, 4 1 : 168, 

1974. 

= sunorchis C. Chevalier, 1938. 

meyeri-johannis Engler, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 2:305, 1892. Tropical Africa. Fig. 12.8. 

mqeri-johannis sensu Robyns, FI. Sperm. Parc. 

Nat. Albert, 18:644, 1947, non Engler, 

1892.-Wilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 14, pl. 2, 47, 1969, pro parte. 

= wollastonii Baker, 1908. 

meysselliana Linden, Ill. Cat., 1 12: 1, 1883. Sumatra. Descriptione inchoata. 

michoacana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 165:94, 1947. Mexico. Fig. 

27.13. 

micrantha Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1:194, 

1840, nomen nudum. 

= parviflora Poeppig & Endlicher, 1835. 

micranthera Grisebach var. micranthera, Abh. 

Konigl. Ges. U’iss. Gottingen, 19: 148, 

1874.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:90, pl. 4, 194 1. Bolivia, Argentina. Fig. 28.33. 

micranthera var. typica L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 194 1. 

micranthera Grisebach var. fimbriata L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:98, 

pl. 9, 194 1. Bolivia. 

micranthera Grisebach var. foliosa L.B. Smith 

8c B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:92, pl. 5, 

194 1. Bolivia, Argentina. 

micranthera Grisebach var. hieronymi (Lindau) L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:96, pl. 7, 1941. Argentina. 

coriacea sensu Grisebach, 1879, non 

Hasskarl, 1844, non A. de Candolle, 

1859. 
200 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

hieronymi Lindau, 1894. 

micranthera Grisebach var. nana L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:94, pl. 6, 

194 1. Argentina. 

micranthera Grisebach var. typica L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:92, 194 1. 

= micranthera Grisebach var. micranthera, 

1874. 

micranthera Grisebach var. venturii L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:97, 

pl. 8, 194 1. Bolivia, Argentina. 

micranthera Grisebach var. rhacophylla 

(Irmscher) L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:467, 1984; Phytologia, 55: 1 12, 1984. Argentina. 

hieronymi var. rhacophylla Irmscher, 

microcarpa A. de Candolle var. microcarpa, 

Prodr., 15( 1:)3 1 1, 1864.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:83, pl. 9, 1946. 

Ecuador. Fig. 32.32. 

microcarpa A. de Candolle var. acuta L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:83, pl. 

9, 1946. Colombia. 

microcarpa A. de Candolle var. villosa L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:84, pl. 

9, 1946. Colombia. 

microphylla herb. Willdenow ex Klotzsch, Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 182, 

1855; Begoniac., 62, 1855, pro syn. Lepsia 

foliosa Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1:)375, 1864. 

= foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. 

foliosa, 1825. 

microphylla A. de Candolle var. microphylla, 

Prodr., 15( 1 :)375, 1864, non Willdenow 

ex Klotzsch, 1855.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 50:573, pi. 4.21, 1914. Colombia, Venezuela, Fig. 18.2. 

1949. 

Lepsia microphylla Klotzsch, 1855. 

Lepsia foliosa Klotzsch, pl. 5A, 1855. 

microphylla A. de Candolle var. major L.B. 

Smith, Phytologia, 33:44 1, 1976. Venezuela. 

microptera W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 83, pl. 

4974, 1857. Borneo. Fig. 20.38, icon. 

microsperma Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:42, 

1895. Cameroon. Fig. 2.6. 

mildbraedii Gilg in Mildbraed, Wiss. Erg. Deut. 

Zentr. Afr. Exped. Bot., 2:574, 1913.- 

Wilczek, Fl. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 

38, pl. 4, 1969. 

= quadrialata Warburg var. quadrialata, 

1895. 

militaris L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 154:24, pl. 2, 1945. Central 

America: Guatemala. Fig. 3.5. 

mindanaensis Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. 

Philipp., 55, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 21.2. 

mindorensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:396, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. (Fig. 26.27.) 

sordidissima Elmer, 1915. Fig. 26.27. 

miniata Planchon & Linden, FI. Serres Jard. Eur., 

I, 8:105, pl. 787, 1853.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1 :)29 1, 1864. 

= fuchsiodes var. miniata A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

minicarpa H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 47:112, pl. 2, 

1972. India: Nepal. Fig. 12.7. 

parvajlora F. Hamilton ex Wallich, 

1831, non Poeppig & Endlicher, 

1835. 

wallichiana Steudel, 1840. 

modestajlora’ sensu C.B. Clarke, 1879, 

minima Beddome, Madras J. Lit. & Sci., 111, 1:48, 

pl. 15., 1864; Icon. PI. Ind. Or., 1:23, pl. 

1 10, 1874.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, 

FI. Brit. Ind., 2:651, 1879. 

quoad pl. ex Nepal. 

= crenata Dryander, 179 1. 

minjemensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:375, 

pl. 4, 1913. New Guinea. Fig. 8.42. 

minor Jacquin, Collectanea, 1: 126, “1 786,” 

1787; Icon. PI. Rar., 3(5):18, pl. 618, 

“1786-1793,” 1789. Jamaica. (Fig. 

30.24.) 

obliqua sensu L’Hetier, 1788, non Linnitida Dryander in Aiton, 1789. Fig. 

obliqua sensu Schneevoogt, 1793, non 

naeus, 1753. 

30.24, icon. 

Linnaeus, 1753. 
NUMBER 60 20 1 

nitida var. discolor Otto & Dietrich, 

lucida Paxton, 1847. 

nitida Dryander in Paxton, 1847. 

suaveolens sensu Klotzsch, 1855, non 

nitida var. speciosa Regel, 1856. 

obliqua sensu Klotzsch, 1856, non Linspeciosa hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 1856. 

pulchra herb. Schreb. ex A. de Canspeciosa hort. Van Houtte ex A. de Canminutifolia N. Halle, Adansonia, 11, 12:37 1, pl. 

7, 1972. West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 6.18. 

miranda Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 21:36, 1951. China. Fig. 4.36. 

modesta Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 20, 1853.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 

24:166, 1961 [= franconis Liebmann, 

18531.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:443, 1983; Phytologia, 

55: 11 2, 1984. 

= wallichiana Lehmann, 1850, non Steudel, 

1840. 

modestiflora Kiir7, Flora, 54:296, 187 1 .-H. 

Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 47:133, 1972. Burma. 

Fig. 27.17. 

modestiflora sensu C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, 

FI. Brit. Ind., 2:640, 1879, quoad pl. ex 

Nepal.-H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 47:112, 

1972. 

1836. 

Loddiges, 1 8 1 7. 

naeus, 1753. 

dolle, 1864. 

dolle, 1864. 

= minicarpa H. Hara, 1972. 

modica Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform., 259, 1908.- 

Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):617, 1921 [= 

whytez Stapf, 1905].-Hutchinson, Dalziel 

& Keay, FI. Mi. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:218, 

1954. 

= quadrialata Warburg var. quadrialata, 

1895. 

molinana Burt-Utley , Phytologia, 54:486, pl. 1, 

1984. Honduras. Editus sero pro clave. 

molleri (C. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 8c 

Prdntl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 141, 

1894. Tropical West Africa: Sao Tome. 

Fig. 16.28. 

ikfezierea molleri C. de Candolle, 1892. 

subalpestris A. Chevalier, 19 12. 

mollicaulis Irmscher, U’ebbia, 12:507, 1957; 

Parey’s Blumengart., ed. 2:87, 1960. 

South America. Fig. 3 1.23. 

mollis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1 :)391, 1864. 

Java, Sumatra, Borneo. Fig. 2.37. 

Empetrum acetosum f. cordqolium Rumrepens Blume, 1827, non Lamarck, 

Diploclinium repens Miquel, 1856. 

Scheidweileria repens Hasskarl, 1858. 

Mitschertichia repens Miquel, 186 1. 

saxatilis Reini\rardt ex Koorders, 19 12. 

monadelpha Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. W’iss. Berlin, 122, 1854, 

pro syn. Barya monadelpha Klotzsch, 

1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

13(1:)286, 1864. 

= nionadelpha Ruiz & Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

monadelpha Rui~ & Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1:)286, 1864. Peru. Fig. 4.47, 

I1 on t y p us . 

monadelpha Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Barja monadelpha Klotzsch, 18.54. 

monadelpha Ruiz & Pavon ex A. de Candolle 

subsp. glabriflora Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:73, 1933. Peru. 

monantha Warburg in Schumann & Lauterbach, 

Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee., 

322, 1903.--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:573, 1914. New Guinea. Sine figura. 

monicae Ayiiionin M: Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 

144:19, PI. 3: fig. 1, 1983. I\;Iadagascar. 

Editus sero pro clave. 

monophylla Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. 

Nat. Bot., I\’, 11: 121, 1859. Mexico. Fig. 

7.9. 

phius, 1747. 

1785. 

unifolia Rose ex Trelease, 1904. 

monophylla Pourr. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1:)403, 1864, non Begonia sed Orchidacea. 
202 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

monoptera Link 8c Otto, Icon. PI. Rar., 3:27, pl. 

14, 1828.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 

64, pl. 3564, 1837.-C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 50:9, 1983. 

= balmisiana Balniis var. balniisiana, 1794. 

montana (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 8c 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. I’enezuela. Fig. 14.26. 

Casparya montana A. de Candolle, 

monterosae A. Chevalier, Sudania, 11: 5 1, 19 14, 

nonien nudum, non \?isus.-Exell, Cat. 

\‘as. PI. S. Tome 187, 1944. 

1859. 

= annobonensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

monticola C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:325, 1908.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubei-t, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

monticola Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 5:34, 

1914, non C. de Candolle, 1908.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. U’asshausen, Phytologia, 

54:469, 1984. 

= alpina L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

1984. 

niontis-bismarckii Warburg in Schumann 8c Lauterbach, Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. 

Sudsee, 322, 1905. Neiv Guinea. Fig. 

18.23. 

morelii Irmscher, Begonian, 29:47, 56, 1962, 

nomen nudum.-C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 42:295, 1975. 

= morelii Irnischer ex C. Karegeannes, 

1975. 

morelii Irmscher ex C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 

42:293-295, pl., 1975; Begonian, 43:26, 

19’76. Fig. 8.43. 

morelii Irnischer, 1962. 

rnorifolia Yu, Bull. Fan. Meni. Inst. Biol., n.s., 

1 : 1 19, 1948. China. Sine figura. 

nrorii Burt-Ltley, Britonnia, 34: 192, pl. 3, 1982. 

Central America: Panama. Fig. 22.4 1. 

moritziana Kunth XS Bouche Ind. Sem. hort. 

Berol. 1848 Coll., p. 16, 1849.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1 :)362, 1864 [= 

scandens Swartz, 1788].-O.E. Schulz in 

Urban, Synib. hntil., 7:5, 191 1. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

morztziana Klot7sch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum, lion Kunth 8c Bouclik, 1849, non 

Klot7sch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1:)292, 1864. 

= meridensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

morztziana Kloti.sch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 15 1, 1855; Begoniac., 3 1, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1 :)303, 1864 [= tovarensis Klotzsch, 

1853].-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, J. 

IYash. Acad. Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula 

Haworth, 18 191.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:57, 1958 [= fischeri var. tovarensis 

Irnischer, 1953].-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

morsei Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:554, 1939. China. Fig. 24.33 

mos7koivskii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:34 1, 

1913. &el+ Guinea. Fig. 18.36. 

mouhotiana Hosseus, Bot. Centralbl., 28:415, 

19 11, nomen nudum. Siani. 

moulmeinensis C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, F1. 

Brit. Ind., 2:643, 1879. Burma. Fig. 8.1 1 

moysesii Brade, Arq. Bot. Estado S2o Paulo, n.s., 

3:209, pl. 52, 1958. Brazil. Fig. 34.5. 

mucronistipula C. de Candolle, Smithsonian 

Misc. Collect., 69(12):3, 1919. Panama. 

Fig. 24.15. 

muliensis Yu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s., 

1:119, 1948. China. Fig. 5.4. 

multangula Blunie var. multangula, Enum. PI. 

Java, 1:96, 1827.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1:)275, 1864 [= Casparya multangula A. de Candolle, 18641.-Warburg in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894. Java. Fig. 4.16. 

discolor sensu Blume, 1827. 

Platycentrum multangulum Miquel, 

Sphenanthera multangula Klotzsch, 

robusta Zollinger ex Klotzsch, 1857. 

Casparya multangula A. de Candolle, 

1856. 

1857. 

1864. 
NUMBER 60 203 

grandis Reinwardt ex Koorders, 19 12. 

multangula Blume var. glabrata Miquel, FI. 

Jungh. 4:418, “1855,” 1857; FI. Ned. 

Ind., 1, 2:695, 1856, pro syn. Platycentrum multangulum var. glabrata 

Miquel, 1856.-Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung, 15: 182, 1857 [= Sphenanthera 

multangula var. glabrata Klotzsch, 

18571.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1 :)276, 1864 [= Casparya multangula var. glabrata A. de Candolle, 

1864].-Warburg in Engler & Prantl, 

Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894, 

nomen legitimum. Java. 

multibulbillosa Martius ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., 

ed., 2, 1:194, 1840, nomen nudum. 

Brazil. 

niultidentata Warburg in Schumann & Lauterbach, Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. 

Sudsee, 322, 1905. New Guinea. Fig. 

19.3. 

niultiflora Bentham, PI. Hartw., 185, 1845. Colombia. Fig. 17.32. 

multinervia Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 18, 1853.-J. Golding, Phptologia, 40:457, 1978. Central 

America: Costa Rica, Panama. Fig. 32.27. 

Gireoudia multinervia Klotzsch, 1854. 

glandulosa sensu A. DeCandolle, 1864, 

non W.J. Hooker, 186 1, nomen confusum. 

Il’ageneria glandulosa Klotzsch, herb. 

Berol. ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

cuspidata C. de Candolle, 1896. 

muricata Blume, Catalogus, 103, 1823; Enum. 

PI. Javae, 95, 1827. Indonesia. Fig. 22.13. 

Empetrum acetosum f. album Rumphius, 

Empetrum acetosum f. rubrum Rumphius, 

tuberosa Lamarck, 1789. 

rubra Blume, 1827. 

saxatilis Blume, 1827. 

Diploclinium tuberosum Miquel, 1856. 

Diploclinium rubrum Miquel, 1856. 

Diploclinium saxatile Miquel, 1856. 

Sphenanthera robusta Hasskarl var. 

1747. 

1747. 

rubra Hasskarl, 1858. 

rubra A. de Candolle, 1864. 

1894. 

Casparya robusta A. de Candolle var. 

robusta Blume var. rubra Warburg, 

forbesii Vuijck ex Koorders, 1912. 

glabra Vuijck ex Koorders, 19 12. 

rumphii Vuijck ex Koorders, 19 12. 

muricata Scheidweiler, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 

9:156, 1841, non Blume, 1823.-Walpers, Repert, Bot. Syst., 2:209, 1843. 

= pentaphylla Walpers, 1843. 

muricata sensu Koorders, Exkurs.-FI., 2:648, 

1912. Descriptione inchoata sed haud 

muricata Blume, 1823. 

murina Craib, Gard. Chron., 111, 83:66, 1928. 

Siam. Fig. 32.16. 

muroptera hort., Horticulturist, 14:418, 1857, 

non visus. 

murudensis Merrill, Saratvak IMUS. J., 3:530, 

1928. Borneo. Fig. S32. 

mutabilis Harland, J. Roy. Hort. SOC., 1862, non 

visus. 

myriantha Britton, Bull. Torrep Bot. Club, 18:35, 

1891.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13: 196, 

1941. 

= parviflora Poeppig 8c Endlicher, 1835. 

mystacina L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. New Guinea. Fig. 

s22. 

richardsoniana Merrill & Perry, 1943. 

nana I’Heritier, Stirp. Nov., 99, pl. 48, 1788. 

Madagascar. Fig. 13.14. 

warpurii Hemsley, 1900. 

natalensis W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 81, pl. 

4841, 1855.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. 

Afr., 22:142, 1976. 

= dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

naumoniensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:362, pl. 3, 1913. New Guinea. Fig. 

18.13. 

ndongensis Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 19, 192 1. 

West Africa: Cameroon. Fig. 9.17. 

neglecta A. de Candolle var. neglecta, Ann. Sci. 

Kat. Bot., IV, 11:139, 1859; in Martius, 
204 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FI. Bras., 4(1):372, pl. 95: fig. 2, pl. 97: 

fig. 1, 1861.-Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. 

Maxim. Bras., 52, pl. 7, 1866. Brazil. Fig. 

24.31. 

neglecta A. de Candolle var. caulescens A. de 

Candolle in Martius, F1. Bras., 4( 1):372, 

186 1. Brazil. 

negrosensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 2:736, 

1910. Philippines. Fig. 30.52. 

nelumbiifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Linnaea, 5:604, 1830. Mexico to Colombia. 

Fig. 2.27. 

deryckxiana Lemaire, 1844. 

Gireoudia nelumbifolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

hernandifolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 

peltata Sesse & Mocino, 1894, non Otto 

caudilimba C. de Candolle, 1919. 

1854, non W.J. Hooker, 1852. 

& Dietrich, 184 1. 

nemophila Kurz, J. Asiat. SOC. Beng., 46(2):108, 

1877.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:646, 1879. 

= cathcartii J.D. Hooker & Thomson, 1855. 

nemoralis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 165:93, 1947. Mexico. Fig. 

28.38. 

neococcinea (Ruiz & Pavon) Van den Heede, Les 

Begonia, 86, 1903, nomen nudum. 

neocomensium A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., IV, 11:138, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 31.9. 

neoharlingei L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Begonian, 52: 11, pl., 1985. Ecuador. Editus 

sero pro clave. 

neoperrieri Humbert, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

118:741, pl. 3: figs. 11-13, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 7.4. 

neopurpurea L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. Philippines. 

Fig. 26.1. 

purpurea Elmer, 1939, non Swartz, 

1788. 

nepalensis (A. de Candolle) Warburg var. nepalensis in Engler & Prantl, Natur. Pflanzenfam., 3(6a): 142, 1894. Nepal. Sine figura. 

Mezierea nepalensis A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

gigantea Wallich ex C.B. Clarke, 1879. 

nepalensis Warburg var. micropteron (A. de 

Candolle) J. Doorenbos, Check List Begonia Sp., 35, 197 1, ined.-J. Doorenbos 

ex F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2:85, 1974. India: Sikkim. 

Mezierea nepalensis var. micropteron A. 

neruidens Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 745 14, 

1949.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 44:244, 1979. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

= parcifolia C. de Candolle, 1919. 

neruipilosa sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:85, 1974, sphalmate 

pro gracilis var. nervipilosa A. de Candolle, 1864. 

nervosa hort. Paris ex Humboldt, Bonpland & 

Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp., 7, folio 136, quarto 

177, 1825, nomen nudum. 

neruosa Desfontaines ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

1854, pro syn. cucullata Willdenow, 

1 805.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:349, 

1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

nicaraguensis Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 4:237, 1929.-K. BurtUtley, Phytologia, 54:488, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

nicolai-hallei Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:86, 1969. West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 

14.13. 

nigrescens Van Houtte ex Otto, Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung, 8:9, 1852.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:469, 1984. 

= heracleifolia Schlectendal & Chamisso var. 

heracleifolia, 1830. 

nigricans hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 215, 1855; 

Begoniac., 95, 1855, pro syn. Gireoudia 

heracleifolia var. punctata Klotzsch, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

335, 1864. 

= heracleifolia var. punctata A. de Candolle, 

1864. 
NUMBER 60 205 

nigricans hort. ex L.H. Bailey, Gentes Herb., 

1 : 127, 1923. Descriptione inchoata. 

subpeltata var. nigricans hort. ex L.H. 

nigritarum (Kamel) Steudel, Nom. Bot., 1: 104, 

Acetosa nigritarum Kamel, 1704. 

capensis Blanco, 1837. 

rhombicarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

rhombicarpa var. lobbii A. de Candolle, 

merrillii Warburg in Perkins, 1904. 

Bailey, 1923. 

1821. Philippines. Fig. 23.26. 

1859. 

nigrouenia hort. Linden ex W.J. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 87, pl. 5256, 1861, pro syn. 

glandulosa W.J. Hooker.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24( 1): 178, 

196 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 403458, 

1978. 

= pinetorum A. de Candolle, 1859. 

nigrouenia Regel, Gartenfl., 16: 163, pl. 456, 

1867.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

= pinetorum A. de Candolle, 1859. 

nitida Dryander in Aiton, Hort. Kew., 3:352, 

1789.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:10, 191 1. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

nitida Dryander, Paxton’s Mag. Bot., 13:77, pl., 

1847, nomen iconis sphalmate lucida, non 

odorata Willdenow, 181 3.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban Symb. Antil., 7:9, 19, 191 1. 

nitida var. discolor Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 4:354, 1836.-O.E. Schulz in 

Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:10, 191 1. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

nitida var. pilosula A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):294, 1864.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:497, 1984. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753? 

nitida var. speciosa Regel, Ind. Semin. Petrop., 

34, 1856.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. 

Antil., 7:10, 1911. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

nitida Wikstrom, Guadel., 76, 1828, non visus.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:19, 

191 1, non Dryander in Aiton, 1789. 

= odorata Willdenow, 1813. 

nitida Griesebach, Syst. Veg. Karaiben., 22 1, 

1857, non visus.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:20, 19 1 1, quoad pl. Barth; 

non Dryander in Aiton, 1789. 

= retusa O.E. Schulz, 191 1. 

nivea Parish ex Kurz, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, 

42(2):81, 1873. Burma. Fig. 13.10. 

nobilis hort., Horticulturist, 15:40, 1860, non 

visus. 

nomonyma hort., Florist Hort. J., 2:196, 1853, 

nomen nudum. Brazil. 

northiana hort. ex Gentil, PI. Cult. Serres Jard. 

Bot. Brux., 33, 1907, non visus. 

nossibea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 130, 1859.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, 

FI. Madagascar, 144:44, pl. 13, 1983. 

Madagascar. Fig. 22.20. 

notata Craib, Gard. Chron., 111, 83:66, 1928. 

Siam. Sine figura. 

notiophila Urban, Ark. Bot., 23A(5):90, 1930. 

Haiti. Fig. 30.25. 

novogranatae A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):517, 

1864. Colombia? (Fig. 23.19.) 

rosacea Linden ex A. de Candolle, 1864, 

quetamensis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schuinanis Irmscher, 1949. 

rosacea sensu L.B. Smith, 1973, pro 

parte, non Putzeys, 1857. 

novoguineensis Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 24:57, pl. 7.a,b, 1943. New Guinea. 

Fig. 28.5 1. 

nubicola L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Mem. New 

York Bot. Gard., 9:354, pl. 65A, 1957. 

Venezuela. Fig. 27.41. 

nuda Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:58, 1953. 

Brazil. Fig. 20.26. 

nummulariifolia Putzeys, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), 

11(40):716, 1853, “nummulariaefolia.” 

Colombia. Descriptione inchoata. 

nurii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:95, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 7.1 1. 

nyassensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 155, 

non Putzeys, 1857. 

bert, 1946. Fig. 23.19. 
206 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

196 1. Africa: Nyassaland. Fig. 3 1.13. 

nymphaeifolia Yu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., 

ns., 1:127, 1948, “nymphaeafolia.” China. 

Sine figura. 

oaxacana A. de Candolle var. oaxacana, Ann. 

Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11: 127, 1859. Mexico. 

Fig. 30.42. 

luxii C. de Candolle, 1895. 

luxii var. pilosior C. de Candolle, 1896. 

serrulatoala C. de Candolle, 1908. 

pubipedicella C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

oaxacana A. de Candolle var. pilosula A. de 

Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 1 1: 127, 

1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:58, 1958. 

plagiata Linden ex A. de Candolle, 

oaxacana A. de Candolle var. stenoptera L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 

24: 177, 196 1. Costa Rica, Panama. 

stenoptera C. de Candolle, 191 9. 

oblanceolata Rusby, Descript. New Spec. S. 

Amer., pl. 65, 1920. Bolivia. Fig. 27.13. 

obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, Species Plantaruni, 2: 1056, 1753, excl. syn. Sloane.- 

J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:22 1, 1980. 

Southern Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Fig. 

32.14. 

Begonia purpurea maxima, folio aurito 

Plumier in Tournefort, 1700. 

Begonia nivea maxima, folio aurito Plumier in Tournefort, 1700. 

obliqua sensu Jacquin, 1767. 

macrophylla Lamarck, 1785. 

grandifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

discolor Sprengel, 1825. 

crenata Maycock, 1830. 

martinicensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

rotundifolia Grisebach, 1860, non La- 

?nitida var. pilosula A. de Candolle, 

obliqua Linnaeus var. beta Linnaeus, Species 

Plantarum, 2: 1056, 1753.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:15, 191 1.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 45:247, 1980. 

1864. 

marck, 1785. 

1864. 

= brachvpoda O.E. Schulz, 19 1 1. 

obliqua Linnaeus var. gamma Linnaeus, Species 

Plantarum, 2: 1056, 1753.-Plumier in 

Burman, PI. Amer., 2, pl. 45: fig. 2, 

1756.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 39: 1 15, 

1978. 

= repens Lamarck var. repens, 1785. 

obliqua Linnaeus var. delta Linnaeus, Species 

Plantarum, 2: 1056, 1753.-Plumier in 

Burman, PI. Amer., 2, pl. 45: main fig., 

1756.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:247, 

1980. 

= rotundifolia Lamarck, 1785. 

obliqua Linnaeus var. epsilon Linnaeus, Species 

Plantarum, 2: 1056, 1753.-Plumier in 

Burman, PI. Amer., 2, pl. 45: fig. 3, 

1756.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

295, 1964. 

= plumieri A. de Candolle var. plumieri, 

1864. 

obliqua Linnaeus var. zeta Linnaeus, Species 

Plantarum, 2: 1056, 1753.-Aublet, Hist. 

PI. Guiane, 2:913, pl. 348, 1775. 

= hirsuta Aublet, 1775. 

obliqua Linnaeus, Mantissa PI. Alt., 502, 177 1, 

non Linnaeus, 1753.-Linnaeus f., Suppl. 

PI., 420, 1782. 

= capensis Linnaeus f., 1782. 

obliqua sensu Jacquin, Observ. Bot., 2: 1 1, 1767; 

Collectanea, 1: 128, 1787 [= grandifolia 

Jacquin, 1787].-Dryander, Trans. Linn. 

SOC., 1:164, 1791 [= macrophylla Lamarck, 1785].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

45:25 1, 1980. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753. 

obliqua sensu Thunberg, FI. Jap., 23 1, 1784, non 

Linnaeus, 1753.-Dryander, Trans. 

Linn. SOC., 1:164, 1791 [= grandis Dryander, 1791].--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 1939. 

obliqua sensu L’Hbritier, Stirpes Nova, 2, pi. 46, 

1788, non Linnaeus, 1753.-Dryander, 

Trans. Linn. SOC., 1:159, 1791 [= nitida 

Dryander in Aiton, 17891.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:10, 191 1. 

= minor Jacquin 1787. 
NUMBER 60 207 

obliqua sensu Schneevoogt, Icon. PI. Rar., pl. 24, 

1793, non Linnaeus, 1753.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7: 10, 19 1 1. 

obliqua Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 48, “1827,” 

1831, icon; non Linnaeus, 1753; Arch. 

Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 5:406, 1881, 

descr.-L.B. Smith and B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 40(8):245, 1950 [= patula Haworth, 18 191.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

obliqua Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 221, 1855; Begoniac., 101, 1855, non Linnaeus, 1753; pro 

syn. Cyathocnemis obliqua Klotzsch, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

333, 1864. 

= cyathophora Poeppig & Endlicher, 1835. 

obliqua sensu Klotzsch, Ind. Sem. hort. Berol., 

app. 1, 1856, non Linnaeus, 1753; Ann. 

Sci. Nat., IV, 6:350, 1856.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:10, 1911. 

obliqua sensu Van den Heede, Les Begonia, 7:59, 

65, 145, pl. 6, 1903, non Linnaeus, 1733 

[= acuminata Dryander, 17911.-O.E. 

Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:13, 

191 1. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

= acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

oblongata Merrill, Phillipp. J. Sci., 7:310, 1912. 

Philippines. Fig. 20.17. 

oblongifolia Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc., 11, 4:165, 

1894. Borneo. Fig. S2 1. 

obovatistipula C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Geneve, 

11, 6:124, pl. 6, 1914. Paraguay. Fig. 

12.23. 

obovoidea Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 41 3, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 4.39. 

obscura Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

15:33, pl. 3, 1957. Brazil. Fig. 29.1. 

obsolescens Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. 

Edinburgh, 21:37, 1951. China. Sine figura. 

obtecticaulis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:600, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 20.9. 

obtusifolia Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 14:425, 19 19. 

Philippines. Fig. 26.26. 

obversa C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 25:26, 

pl. 12, 1890. India. Fig. 8.2. 

occhionii Brade, Arq. Serv. Forest., 2:21, pl. 1, 

1943. Brazil. Fig. 29.22. 

octopetala L’Heritier var. octopetala, Stirp. 

Nov., 101, 1788.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 64, pl. 3559, 1837. Ecuador, 

Peru. Fig. 4.14, icon. 

grandzjlora Knowles & Westcott, 1837. 

Huszia octopetala Klotzsch, 1854. 

octopetala subsp. ovatiformis Irmscher, Bot. 

octopetala sensu Grisebach, Abh. Konigl. Ges. 

u’iss. Gottingen, 19: 148, 1874.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:85, 

1941. 

= rubricaulis W.J. Hooker var. rubricaulis, 

1844. 

odeteiantha Handro, Loefgrenia, 39:4, 1969. 

Brazil. Fig. 20.27. 

odorata Willdenow, Enum. hort. Berol., suppl., 

64, 18 13. Lesser Antilles: Guadeloupe. 

Fig. 32.35. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:75, 1953. Peru. 

suaveolens Loddiges, 18 17. 

humilis sensu Ker-Gaivler, 18 18. 

macrophylla Wikstrom, 1828, non Larnarck, 1785. 

nitida Wikstroni, 1828, non Dryander 

in Aiton, 1789. 

dzsticha hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 1854, 

non Link, 1822. 

wagenerana W.J. Hooher, pl. 5047, 

1858, non W.J. Hooker, pl. 4988, 

1857. 

dominicalis sensu Duss, 1897, non A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

odoratissima hort., J. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, IV, 

27:265, 1926, pro syn. bauniannii Lenioine, 1890. 

ohlendorjana sensu Buxton Check List Begonias, 

176, 1957, sphalmate pro platanijolia var. 

ohlendorffiana H.G. Reichenbach f., 1878. 

olbia Kerchove, Rev. Hort. Belge Etrangerk, 

9:241, pl., 1883. Brazil. Fig. S40. 

platanijiolia var. ohlendorffiana H.G. 

Reichenbach f., 1878. 
208 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

oligandra Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:44, pl. 2.g-k, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

5.12. 

oligantha Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:50, 191 5. 

Philippines. Fig. 18.8. 

oligocarpa A. de Candolle ex Koorders, Meded. 

Lands Plantentuin, 19:486, 1898. India: 

Himalaya. Descriptione inchoata. 

oligophylla Blunie ex Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1( 1):692, 1856. East Indies. Descriptione 

inchoata. 

oliveri L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 45:l 13, 1955. Colombia. Fig. 

17.7. 

Begoniella whitei Oliver, 1873. 

olsoniae L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Phytologia, 

12:250, 1965. Brazil. Fig. 24.20. 

vellozoana Brade, 1948, non Walpers, 

ophiogyna L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:84, pl. 9, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 27.6. 

opuliflora Putzeys, FI. des Serres, I, 10:71, pl. 

995, 1855.-emend. L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

Central America: Panama. Fig. 17.23. 

1843. 

opulifolia Loudon, Encyc. PI., 1840, non visus. 

orbiculata Jack, Malay. Misc., 2(7):9, 1822, Sumatra. Sine figura. 

Diploclinium orbiculatum Miquel, 1856. 

orchidiflora Griffith, Itin. PI. Khasyah Mts. (Posthumous Papers), 2:38, 1848. India. Sine 

figura. 

oregana hort. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, 

pro syn. Pritzelia ramentacea Klotzsch, 

1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

357, 1864. 

= ramentacea Paxton, 1846. 

organensis Brade, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 

Bot., 1:13, pl. 4, 1944. Brazil. Fig. 23.28. 

ornithocarpa Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 4:238, 1929. Mexico. Fig. 

32.7. 

ornithophylla Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:556, 1939. China. Fig. 24.4 

otophora MerriII 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:46, pl. 21, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

21.10. 

otophylla L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: 

Bot., 28:417, pl. 89, 1952. Venezuela. 

Fig. 29.9. 

ottonis hort. Bogor. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):399, 1864, pro syn. complicata A. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

ottonis Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:2 12, 

1843.-Heynold, Noni. Bot., 2:63, 1846 

[= walpersii Heynold, 18461.-L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 184, 1946. 

= guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth 

var. guaduensis, 1825. 

Obs.: e plantis cultis vidi fortasse species 

propria. J.G. 

ovatifolia A. de Candolle var. ovatifolia, Ann. 

Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:132, 1859. India. 

Fig. 8.19. 

subovata Wallich, 183 1, nomen nudum. 

ovatifolia A. de Candolle var. cretacea C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:643, 1879. India. 

oxyanthera Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:35, 

1895.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):619, 

1921 [= excelsa J.D. Hooker, 18711.- 

Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. 

Afr., ed. 2, 1:220, 1954. 

= mannii J.D. Hooker, 1864. 

oxyloba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. 

Trop. Afr., 2:573, 187 1. Tropical Africa. 

Fig. 4.42. 

heddei Warburg, 1900. 

lehmbachii Warburg, 1900. 

conraui Gilg, 1904. 

kummerae Gilg, 1904. 

petrophila Gilg, 1904. 

togoensis Gilg, 1904. 

seretii De Wildeman, 1907. 

sassandrensis A. Chevalier, 19 1 1. 

oxyphylla A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:140, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 16.6. 

oxysperma A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:122, 1859. Philippines? Sine figura. 

oxyura Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 24:49, 
NUMBER 60 209 

pl. 4a,b, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 21.48. 

pachyrhachis L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:442, 1983. Indonesia: 

Java? Fig. 1.1. 

Casparya crassicaulis A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

crassicaulis Warburg, 1894, non Lindlev, 1842. 

padangensis Irmscher, Webbia, 9:475, pl. 1, 

1953. Sumatra. Fig. 21.33. 

palawanensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:380, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 16.29. 

paleacea Kuri, Flora, 5 14:297, 187 1. Burma. 

Fig. 28.36. 

paleata Schott ex A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., IV, 1 1 : 137, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 3 1.10. 

palmaris A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:126, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 154:28, 

1945. 

= biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 1847. 

palmaris A, de Candolle var. jurgensenii A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):307, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 154:28, 1945. 

= biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 1847. 

palniata D. Don var. palmata, Prodr. FI. Nep., 

223, 1825.-H. Hara, FI. E. Himalaya, 

2 15, 1966; Photo-Album PI. E. Himalaya, 

7, pl. 60, 1968. India. Fig. 4.58. 

laciniata Roxburgh ex Wallich, 183 1, 

nonien nudurn. 

laciniata Roxburgh, 1832. 

roylei K. Koch, 1857. 

laciniata var. tuberculosa C.B. Clarke, 

laciniata var. nepalensis A. de Candolle, 

ferruginea Hayata, 19 1 1, non Linnaeus 

randaiensis Sasaki, 1928. 

laciniata subsp. nepalensis Irmscher, 

palmata D. Don var. bowringiana (Champion 

ex Bentham) J. Golding & C. Kare1879. 

1864. 

f., 1781. 

1939. 

geannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. Hong 

Kong. 

bowringiana Champion ex Bentham, 

Doratometra bowringiana Seemann, 

laciniata var. bowringiana A. de Canlaciniata subsp. bowringiana Irmscher, 

palniata D. Don var. crassisetulosa (Irmscher) 

J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. China. 

laciniata subsp. crassisetulosa Irmscher, 

palniata D. Don var. difformis (Irmscher) J. 

Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. China. 

laciniata subsp. difformis Irnischer, 1939. 

palmata D. Don var. gumblei H. Hara, FI. East. 

Himalaya, 215, 1966.-J. Golding 8c C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. 

= flaviflora var. gamblei J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

palmata D. Don var. khasiana (Irmscher) J. 

Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. India. 

palmata subsp. khasiana Irmscher, 

palmata D. Don var. laevifolia (Irmscher) J. 

Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. China. 

laciniata subsp. laeuijolia Irmscher, 

palmata D. Don var. principalis (Irmscher) J. 

Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:495, 1984. China. 

1852. 

1857. 

dolle, 1864. 

1939. 

1939. 

1939. 

1951. 

edulis var. henryi Leveille 1909. 

laciniata subsp. principalis Irnischer, 

palmata Pavon in herb. Boissier ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):307, 1864, non D. 

Don, 1825; pro syn. palmaris A. de Candolle, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 154:28, 1945. 

1939. 

= biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 1847. 
210 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

palmata Sesse & Mocifio, PI. N. Hispan., 163, 

1890.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Contr. Gray Herb., 154:27, 1945. 

= biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 1847. 

palmatiloba Linden & Andre, Linden Cat., 14, 

187 1. Mexico. Descriptione inchoata. 

palmatiloba Liebmann in F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2:90, 1974, 

sphalmate pro palmatiloba Linden & 

Andre, 1871. 

palmeri S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 

21:429, 1886. Mexico. Fig. 28.24. 

palmifolia hort. ex Buxton, Begonias, 33, 

1932.-J. Doorenbos, Begonian, 46:234, 

1979 [= vitifolia Schott, 18271.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:446, 1983. 

californica T.S. Brandegee, 1899. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

paludicola C. de Candolle, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 11, 6:125, pl. 7, 1914, “palludicola”.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darkciniana, 5: 10 1, 194 1 [= cucullata Willdeiiot2, 1 805].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:3.55, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

palustris Hartweg ex Bentham, PI. Hartw., 184, 

1845.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:89, pl. 10, 1946 [= touarensis var. 

palustris L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

1946].-lrmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:24, pl. 1: fig. 7, 1953. 

= fischeri var. palustris Irmscher, 1953. 

panayensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 14:428, 19 19. 

Philippines. Fig. 20.18. 

paniculata Parodi, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent., 

5:209, 1878. Paraguay. Descriptione inchoata. 

pantherina Putzeys ex Linden, Cat. Exot. PI., 

17:2, 1862. Mexico. Descriptione inchoa ta. 

papillaris hort. Paris ex Cels, Ann. FI. et Pom., 

1 1 : 1 1 1, 1842. Descriptione inchoata. 

papillosa Graham, Bot. Mag., vol. 55, pl. 2846, 

1828.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):309, 1864. 

= incarnata var. papillosa A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

papillosa Lindley, Edward’s Bot. Reg., 27, Misc. 

39, 1841, non Graham, 1828.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:445, 1983. 

= bufoderma L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 1983. 

papillosa Reinwardt in Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. 

Java, 2:650, 1912, non Graham, 1828, 

non Lindley, 184 1; pro syn. areolata Miquel, 1857. 

papuana U’arburg in Schumann & Lauterbach, 

FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee, 458, 

1901 .-Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:573, pl. 4.24, 1914. New Guinea. Sine 

paraguayensis Parodi, Anales Soc. Ci. Argent., 

5:207, 1878. Paraguay. Descriptione inchoata. 

paranaensis Brade, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, Bot., l:lO, pl. 1, 1944. Brazil. Fig. 

S6. 

parcifolia C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69( 12): 10, 19 19. Ecuador. Fig. 1.6. 

parcifolia sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:91, 1974, sphalmate 

pro parvifolia Graham, 1839. 

parilis Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:47, 1953. 

Brazil. Fig. 14.4. 

parishii C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:651, 1879. India. Fig. S13. 

parmata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:611, 

1949.-emend. Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:90, 1953.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:244, 1979. 

figurd. 

neruidens Irmscher, 1949. 

= serotina A. de Candolle, 1859. 

parodiana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:88, pl. 3, 1941. Argentina. Fig. 

1.2. 

partita Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:143, pl. 

10: fig. 2, 1961. South Africa. Fig. 5.14. 

Gelata in clave. 

Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 22:142, 

1976. 
NUMBER 60 

= dregei Otto 8c Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

parva Merrill, Philipp, J. Sci., 6:402, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 23.16. 

parva Sprague, Bull. Mix. Inform., 329, 

19 12.-C. Weber, Baileya, 16: 126, 1968 

[= spraguei C. Weber 1968].-Wilczek, 

FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 30, 1969. 

= mannii J.D. Hooker, 1864. 

parvijlora F. Hamilton ex Wallich, Num. List, 

129, no. 3674, 1831, nomen nudum, non 

Poeppig 8c Endlicher, 1825.-H. Hara, J. 

Jap. Bot., 47:112, pl. 3, 1972. 

= minicarpa H. Hara, 1972. 

parviflora Poeppig 8c Endlicher, Nov. Gen. & 

Sp., 1:7, pl. 12, 1835. Colombia to Bolivia. 

Fig. 4.23. 

micranthera Steudel, 1840. 

Scheidweileria parvzjlora Klotzsch, 1855. 

gunnerzfolia Linden, 1875. 

myriantha Britton, 189 1. 

parvijZora Schott ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 

1 : 194, 1840.-Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 9:59, 1841. 

= parvifolia Schott, 1827. 

parvipora Liebrnann in Schouw., Ind. Sem. 

Herb. Haun., 1847, non visus, non Poeppig 8c Endlicher, 1835.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):383, 1864 [=franconis Liebmann, 18531.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:443, 1983. 

parvifolia Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 

4(app.):408, 1827. Brazil. Fig. 19.5. 

parvijlora Schott ex Steudel, 184 1. 

schottiana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

= Lvallichiana Lehman, 1850. 

parvijolia sensu Graham, Bot. Mag., vol. 66, pl. 

3720, 1839, non Schott, 1827.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):384, 1864. 

= dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

pa rvijo 1 ia K 1 o t z sc h , Mona t s be r . Kon i g 1. P r e u ss . 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum, non Schott, 1827; Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 153, 1855; 

Begoniac., 33, 1855.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 403245, 

1950 [= patula Haworth, 18191.- 

21 1 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:16, 20, pl. 

1: fig. 8, 1953. 

= fischeri var. palustris Irmscher, 1953. 

parvijolia E. Meyer ex Otto 8c Dietrich, Allg. 

Gartenzeitung, 4:357, 1836, pro syn. dregei Otto 8c Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

parvilimba Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 26:481, 1925. 

Philippines. Fig. 14.36. 

parvipeltata A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:139, 1859.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, F1. Bras., 4(1):371, 1861. 

parvipeltata var. bahiensis A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):371, 1861.-Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78:187, 1959. 

= peltifolia Schott, 1827. 

= fellererana Irmscher, 1959. 

parvistipulata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:49, 

1953.-L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., 1(Bego):99, pl. 30, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 32.2. 

parvula Leveille & Vaniot, Repert. Spec. Nov. 

Regni Veg., 2:113, 1906. China. Sine figura. 

parvuliflora A. de Candolle var. parvuliflora 

Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:136, 1859. 

Burma. Sine figura. 

lobbiana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

velutina Parish ex Kurz, 1873. 

parvuliflora A. de Candolle var. pubescens A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):355, 1864. Singapore. 

pastoensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IF’, 11:121, 1859.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:86, pl. 9, 1946. Colombia, Ecuador. Fig. 3 1.2. 

pastoensis A. de Candolle var. hirsutior L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 

28:418, 1952. L‘enezuela. 

patens Grisebach ex A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4( 1):378, 186 1. 

= arborescens Raddi var. arborescens, 1820. 

patula Haworth, Succ. PI. Suppl., 100, May 

18 19. Descriptione inchoata. 

patula Fischer ex Hornemann, Hort. Hafn. 

Suppl., 108, 1819.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):345, 1861 [= ma- 
212 

croptera Klotzsch, 18551.-L.B. Smith 8c 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:246, 

1979. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

patula sensu Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin, “1854,” 1855, non Haworth, 

1819; Begoniac., 30, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):348, 1861, 

excl. syn. pauczjlora Lindley, 1820.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

44:246, 1979. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

pauczJora Lindley, Bot. Reg., 6, pl. 471, Notes 

CC, 1820.-Haworth, Saxifrag. Enum., 

196, 182 1 .-J. Golding, Begonian, 

44:329, 1977 [= fischeri Schrank, 1820, 

sphalnia1.-J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, 

Phvtologia, 54:497, 1984. 

= dubia Haworth, 18 19. 

paulensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:125, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):350, pl. 91, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 2.46. 

binotii hort. ex C. Chevalier, 1938. 

paupercula King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist., 71:64, 1902. IMalaya. Fig. S25. 

paupercula sensu Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. Soc. 

Straits Branch, 54:42, 1910, non visus, 

non King, 1902; J. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits 

Branch, 75:35, 1917. 

= phoeniogramnia Ridley, 191 7. 

pauoniana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:142, 1859.-0. E. Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:27, 191 1. 

= huniilis Dryander var. huniilis, 1789. 

pavonina Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 4:22, 

1909. Malaya. Fig. 24.8. 

pearcei J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 9 1, pl. 5545, 

1865. Bolivia. Fig. 28.46. 

pedata Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 10, 1853, Mexico. 

Fig. 5.22. 

Knesebeckia pedata Klotzsch, 1853. 

Knesebeckia crenatzjlora sensu L.B. Smith 

8c D.C Wasshausen, 1984, non 

Klotzsch 8c Putzeys, 1855. 

pedatifida Leveille var. pedatifida, Repert. Nov. 

Sp., 7:21, 1909. China. Fig. 4.40. 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

pedatlfida Leveille var. kewensis Leveille, Repert. Nov. Sp., 7:22, 1909.-Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:540, 

1939. 

= lipingensis Irmscher, 1927. 

pediophylla Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:54, pl. 5J-n, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

27.19. 

pedunculosa Wallich, PI. As. Rar., 1:82, pl. 97, 

1830; Num. List, 129, no. 3672A, 

183 1 .-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:639, 1879. India. Fig. 27.34. 

pedunculosa sensu N’allich, Num. List, 129, no. 

3672B, 183 1, non Wallich, 1830.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:656, 1879.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

40:8, 1978. 

= khasiana C.B. Clarke, 1879. 

peekelii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:360, 

191 3. Bismarck Archipelago. Fig. 25.7. 

peltata Otto 8c Dietrich var. peltata, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 9:58, Feb. 1841 .-Alexander, Addisonia, 23(4):53, pl. 763, 

1959.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24( 1): 177, 196 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:29 1, 198 1. Mexico, 

Guatemala. Fig. 3.43, non typus. 

incana Lindley, May 184 1. 

Rachia peltata Klotzsch, 1854. 

peltata Otto 8c Dietrich var. auriformis (A. de 

Candolle) J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:292, 

198 1. Mexico. 

aurqormis Van Houtte ex Klotzsch, 

1854. 

Rachia incana Klotzsch, 1855. 

incana var. aurqormis A. de Candolle 

peltata Hasskarl, Tijdschr., 10:133, 1843; Cat. 

Hort. Bot. Bogor., 192, 3 11, 1844, non 

Otto 8c Dietrich, 184 1. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

1864. 

peltata A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:138, 1839, non Otto& Dietrich, 1841; 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):370, 1861. 

= concinna Schott, 1827. 

peltata Sessk 8c Mocino, FI. Mex., ed. 2:219, 

1894, non Otto 8c Dietrich, 1841.-L.B. 
NUMBER 60 213 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 154:27, 30, 1945. 

= nelumbiifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso, 

1830. 

peltata sensu A.T. Brongniart ex Cels, Ann. FI. 

Pomone, 106, 1842. Descriptione inc hoata. 

peltata Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 732556, 19 15, 

non Otto & Dietrich, 1841 .-Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. Bot., 13(1):39, 1918. 

= elmeri Merrill, 19 18. 

peltatifolia Li, J. Arnold Arbor., 25:209, 1944. 

peltifolia Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 

China. Fig. 2.26. 

4(App.):408, 1827. Brazil. Fig. 2.45. 

parvipeltata A. de Candolle, 1859. 

peltigera Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:79, 

1953. Peru. Fig. 32.10. 

pendula Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

Soc., 46:257, 1906. Borneo. Sine figura. 

pendula O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:7, 

19 1 1, non Ridley, 1906.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. it'asshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 

1984. 

= pensilis L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1984. 

peninsulae Iimscher var. peninsulae, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:98, 1929. Malaya. 

(Fig. 2.33.) 

peninsulae subsp. tambelanensis Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:100, 

1929. Malaya. Fig. 2.33. 

pennellii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. 

Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:196, 1941; J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:114, 1955. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pennellii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert subsp. 

lobato-ovata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:84, 1953.-J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pennellii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. longiloba Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76385, 

1953.-J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pennellii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert f. macrantha Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:86, 

1983.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

= erythrocarpa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pensilis L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. West Indies: St. Vincent. Fig. S29. 

pendula O.E. Schulz in Urban, 191 1, 

pentaphragmifolia Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. 

London, Bot., 11, 9:59, 1916. New 

Guinea. Fig. 12.2. 

pentaphylla Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:209, 

1843. Brazil. Fig. 4.2. 

muricata Scheidweiler, 1841, non 

Blunie, 1823. 

digitata hort. ex Lemaire, 1851, non 

Raddi, 1820. 

Scheiduleileria muricata Klotzsch, 1854. 

scheidweilera Koorders, 19 12. 

peperomioides J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. 

Afr., 2:575, 1871. Tropical West Africa. 

Fig. 13.1. 

peponfolia A.T. Brongniart ex F. Cels, Ann. FI. 

Pomone, 105, 1842.-J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

Fig. 22.33 

non Ridley, 1906. 

= barkeri Knowles & Wescott, 1840. 

peponfolia A.T. Brongniart var. beta A.T. 

Brongniart ex F. Cels, Ann. FI. Pomone, 

106, 1842.-J. Golding Ok C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

peponfolia hort. ex Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 

24:180, 1851.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

peponfolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 216, 1855; 

Begoniac., 96, 1855, pro syn. Gireoudia 

macrophylla var. discolor Klotzsch, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):341, 1864 [= peponfolia Visiani ex 

A. de Candolle, 18641.-J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, .54:498, 1984. 

= barkeri Knowles & Wescott, 1840. 

= barkeri Knowles 8s Wescott, 1840. 

= barkeri Know-les & Wescott, 1840. 

peponfolia L'isiani ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 
214 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

15(1):341, 1864. Mexico. Fig. 22.33. Gelata in clave. 

J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:498, 1984. 

= barkeri Knowles & Wescott, 1840. 

perakensis King var. perakensis, J. Asiat. Soc. 

Bengal., pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 71:64, 1902. 

Malaya. Fig. 13.12. 

perakensis King var. conjungens Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:129, 

1929. Malaya. 

perakensis King var. rotundata Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:129, pl. 5, 

1929. Malaya. 

per-dusenii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 12:10, pls. 3, 5: figs. 22-31, 1952. 

Brazil. Fig. 3 1.22. 

brasiliensis sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. 

chapecoensis Brade, 1958. 

schubertiana Irmscher, 1959. 

Schubert, 194 1. 

peristegia Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform., 140, 1901. 

Braiil. Fig. 30.48. 

pernambucensis Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Janeiro, 13:82, pl. 7, 1954. Brazil. Fig. 

24.19. 

perpusilla A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\‘, 1 1 : 143, 1859. Madagascar. Fig. 8.23. 

perrieri Bois in Lecomte, Notul. Syst., 3:107, PI., 

1915. Madagascar. Fig. 33.6. 

perryae L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445. 1983. Philippines. Sine figura. 

robinsonii Merrill, 19 12, non Ridley, 

peruibensis Handro, Revta Brasil. Bot., 2: 136, 

p1.1, 1979. Brazil. Fig. 19.11. 

peruviana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Kat. Bot., 

I”, 11:133, 1859. Peru. Fig. 20.14. 

petalodes Lindley, Edward’s Bot. Reg., 21, pl. 

1757, 1836; Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2:440, 

1836 [= Eupetalum petalodes Lindley, 

1836].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13:189, 1941. 

1909. 

= geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

petasitifolia Brade, Bradea, 1 :37, pl. 1, 197 1. Brazil. Fig. 7.10. 

petraea A. Chevalier, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 58 

(Meni. 8d):173, “191 1,” 1912.-Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. Afr., 

ed. 2, 1:219, 1954. 

= prismatocarpa J.D. Hooker, 1862. 

petrophila Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:86, 1904.- 

= oxyloba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

petropolitana Glaziou, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

56(Mern. 3d):324, 1909, nomen nudurn.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

= egregia N.E. Brown, 1887. 

Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):614, 1921. 

philippinensis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):320, 

1864.-Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:384, 

1912. 

= cumingii A. Gray, 1854. 

philodendroides Ziesenhenne var. philodendroides, Begonian, 2 1:300, pl., 1954, 

“philodendrodes.” Mexico. Fig. 4.3 1. 

philodendroides Ziesenhenne var. multiloba. 

Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 38:55, pl., 1971. 

Mexico. 

phoeniogramma Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. 

Straits Branch, 75:35, 1917. Malaya. Fig. 

28.54 

paupercula Ridley, 19 10, non King, 

phrixophylla Blatter & McCann, J. Ind. Bot. SOC., 

10:27, pl., 1931. India. Fig. 11.6. 

phyllonianiaca Martius, Index. Sem. herb. 

Monac., 1852.-Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

1854 [= Knesebeckia phjllomaniaca 

Klotisch, 1854].-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):385, pls. 99, 100, 

186 1. Mexico. Fig. 29.4. Sphalma; gelata 

in clave. 

W’alpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 4:890, 1858.- 

Irmscher in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanrenfarn., ed. 2, 21:554, 1925, taxon hybridogenum. 

1902. 

= x phyllonianiaca 

phyalifolia Liebniann, \’id. Medd. Naturh. For. 
NUMBER 60 215 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 19, 1853.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):362, 1864 [= 

scandens Swartz, 1788].-O.E. Schulz in 

Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:5, 191 1. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

physandra Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold. Arbor., 

24:41, pl. la-c, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

8.46. 

pickelii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:621, 

1949. Brazil. Fig. 20.42. 

picta J.E. Smith, Exot. Bot., 2:81, pl. 101, 

1805.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 57, 

pl. 2962, 1830.-Wallich, Num. List, 

129, no. 3685B, pro parte A, 183 1. India. 

Fig. 12.3, icon. 

hirta U’allich ex W.J. Hooker, 1825. 

erosa W’allich, 183 1, pro parte. 

echinata Royle, 1839. 

picta sensu Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3685A, 

183 1, pro parte, non J.E. Smith, 1805.- 

C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:639, 1879.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

40:17, 1978. 

= josephii A. de Candolle var. josephii, 

1859. 

picta hort. ex Henderson, Ill. Bouquet, 1, sub., 

pl. 11, 1857-1859, non J.E. Smith, 

1805.-Regel, Gartenflora, 8: 15, 1859 

[= Platycentrum annulatum K. Koch, 

1837].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):350, 1864 [= grffhii W.J. Hooker, 

1857].-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

78:191, 1959. 

= annulata K. Koch, 1837. 

picta hort. Jackson ex W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 85, pl. 5102, 1859, non J.E. Smith, 

1805; pro syn. xanthina var. pictfolia W.J. 

Hooker, 1859.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. India, 2:644, 1879. 

= xanthina W.J. Hooker var. xanthina, 

18.32. 

pierrei Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:276, pi., 1919. Indochina. Fig. 23.24 

pigmaea hort. A. Van den Heede, Rev. Hort. 

Belge Etrangere, 29:23, 1903, nomen nudurn. 

pilderia A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):380, 

1864.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 100, 1946. 

= buddleiifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pilderifolia C. de Candolle in Huber, Bull. Herb. 

Boissier, 11, 1:315, 1901. Brazil. Fig. 

17.17. 

pilgerana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:66, 

1953, “pilgeriana”.-L.B. Smith 8c R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., l(Bego):l 13, pl. 

34, 1971. Brazil. Fig. 3.46. 

palfera A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):337, 

1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24:173, 1961 [= lindleyana 

sensu L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 1946, 

lion Walpers, 1843].-K. Burt-Utley, 

Phytologia, 54:487, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

nesia: Sumatra. Sine figura. 

pilosa Jack, Malay. Misc., 2(7):13, 1822. IndoDiploclinium pilosum Miquel, 1856. 

pilosella Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:598, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 14.29. 

pinamalayensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 26:479, 

1925. Philippines. Fig. 25.21. 

pinetorum A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11: 13 1, 1 859.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40:458, 1978. Mexico, Guatemala, 

Fig. 22.4 

glandulosa W.J. Hooker, 186 1, nomen 

nigrovenia hort. Linden ex W.J. 

nigrovenia Regel, 1867. 

tuerckheimii C. de Candolle, 1895. 

dayi hort., 1947. 

hidalgensis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

pinnatifida Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:5 1, pl. 4h, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 6.7. 

piperoides Linden, 185 1, non visus. 

piresiana Handro, Loefgrenia, 14: 1, 1964. Brazil. Fig. 29.30. 

pittieri C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:316, 1908.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:62, 

confusum. 

Hooker, 186 1. 

1950. 
216 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1958. Costa Rica. 

= heydei C. de Candolle, 1895. 

piurensis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:197, 1941.-emend. 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 53:298, pl. 3, 1983. Ecuador, Peru. 

Fig. 30.38. 

plagiata Linden ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):312, 1864, pro syn. oaxacana var. 

pilosula A. de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri 

Bot. Gard., 45:58, 1958 [= oaxacana A. 

de Candolle, 18641. 

= oaxacana A. de Candolle var. pilosula, 

1864. 

plagioneura Milne-Redhead, Bull. Misc. Inform., 

270, 1930.-Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, ed. 2:88, 1960. 

= cubensis Hasskarl, 1858. 

plantaginea L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 154:24, 1945. Mexico. Fig. 

13.2. 

platanifolia Schott var. platanifolia, in Sprengel, 

Syst. Veg., 4(App.):407, 1827.-Graham, 

Bot. Mag. vol. 64, pl. 3591, 1837. Brazil. 

Fig. 4.25. 

washingtoniana hort. ex C. Chevalier, 

1938. 

platanifolia Schott var. ohlendorfjana H.G. 

Reichenbach f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 

10:780, 1878.-Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, ed. 2:89, 1960. 

= olbia Kerchove, 1883. 

platanifolia Schott var. acuminatissima Kuntze, 

Revis. Gen. PI., 3(2):106, 1898.-T. 

O’Reilly 8c C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 

50: 144, 1983. 

= leathermaniae T. O’Reilly & C. Karegeannes, 1983. 

platyphylla Merrill, Philipp. J, Sci., 10:46, 19 15. 

Philippines. Fig. 30.37. 

platyptera Urban, Ark. Bot., 25A(5):94, 1930. 

West 1ndies:Haiti. Fig. 29.16. 

plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, Vid. Medd. Na- I 

turh. For. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 8, 1853. 

Mexico and Central America. Fig. 22.1 1. 

Gireoudia plebeja Klotzsch, 1854. 

glandulosa sensu J.D. Smith, 1895, non 

W.J. Hooker, 1861, non A. de Candolle, 1864. 

leptophylla C. de Candolle, 1908. 

ripicola C. de Candolle, 1908. 

tenuipila C. de Candolle, 1908. 

jissurarum C. de Candolle, 1919. 

uvana C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

barsalouxiae Standley & Williams, 1950. 

plebeja var. kennedyi Ziesenhenne, 1959. 

tenuipila var. kennedyi Ziesenhenne, 

plebeja Liebmann var. kennedyi (Houghton) 

Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 26:62, pl., 1959; 

Begonian, 44:100, 1977 [= tenuipila var. 

kennedyi Ziesenhenne, 1977].-Fide K. 

Burt-Utley, Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 

25(1), 1985. 

1977. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

pleioclada Irmscher, Webbia, 9:488, 1953. Borneo. Fig. 14.49. 

pleiopetala A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:121, 1859. Peru, Bolivia. (Fig. 

8.33.) 

pusilla A. de Candolle, 1859. Fig. 8.33. 

warburgiana Hieronymus, 1895. 

plumieri A. de Candolle var. plumieri, Prodr., 

15( 1):295, 1864. Haiti, Santo Domingo. 

Fig. 30.28. 

Begonia rose0 jlore, foliis acutioribus auritis et late crenatis Plumier in Tournefort, 1700. 

obliqua var. epsilon Linnaeus, 1753. 

plumieri A. de Candolle var. barahonensis 

O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:23, 

191 1.-Urbanin Fedde, Repert., 18:193, 

1922 [= barahonensis Urban, 19221.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984, nomen legitimum. 

barahonensis Urban, 1922. 

poculifera J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

574, 187 1. Tropical Africa. Fig. 25.9. 

poculifera J.D. Hooker var. teusziana (J. 

Braun 8c K. Schumacher) J.J. De Wilde in 

J.C. Arends, Meded. Landboughwhogeschool Wageningen, 80-19:404, pl. 4, 

1980. 
NUMBER 60 

teusziana J. Braun & K. Schumacher, 

poecila K. Koch in K. Koch 8c G.A. Fintelmann, 

Wochenschr. Gartnerei Pflanzenk., 338, 

1858, non visus. India: Himalaya. Taxon 

ignotuni. 

poeppigiana (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):376, 1864.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= foliosa var. australis L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 

poggei Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):141, pl. 48H, 1894, nomen nudum; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:35, 

1895.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):620, 

1912. 

1889. 

= eminii Warburg var. eminii, 1895. 

poggei var. pore albo C. de Candolle ex 

De U'ildeman & T. Durand, Ann. Mus. 

Cong. Bot., 111, 1:104, 1908.-T. Durand 

& H. Durand, Syll. FI. Congol., 234, 1909 

[= poggei var. albzjlora T. Durand & H. 

Durand, 1 909].-U7ilczek, FI. Congo. 

Rwanda, Burundi, 27, 1969. 

= eniinii Warburg var. eminii, 1895. 

poggei \Tar. albzjlora T. Durand 8c H. Durand, 

Syll. FI. Congol., 234, 1909.-Wilczek, 

FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 27, 1969. 

= eniinii U'arburg var. eminii, 1895. 

poggei sensu De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

3:449, 19 12, non Warburg, 1895.-Wiluek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 20, 

22, 23, 26, 30, 1969. 

= elaeagnifolia J.D. Hooker, 187 I, pro 

parte. 

= gracilipetiolata de Wildeman, 1908, pro 

parte. 

= kisuluana Buttner, 1890, pro parte. 

= fusialata Warburg, 1895, pro parte. 

= alepensis A. Chevalier, 19 12, pro parte. 

= horticola Irmscher, 192 1, pro parte. 

pohliana Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 153, 1855; Begoniac., 33, 

1833.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):346, 1861 [= macroptera var. 

217 

pohliana A. de Candolle, 1861].-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. 

Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula Haworth, 

18 191.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= fischeri var. macroptera Irmscher, 1953. 

poikilantha Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 

9(3.2):617, 1921, pro syn. quadrialata 

Warburg var. quadrialata, 1895. 

polyandra Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:43, 

1953.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., 1(Bego):64, pl. 19, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 15.8. 

biumenaviensis Irmscher, 1953. 

blumenaviensis subsp. brachyphylla 

polyantha H. LeeilleeCat. PI. Yun-Nan, 17, 

1916, in adnot.- Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:503, 1939. 

polyantha Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 

8(4):38, 19 17, non polyantha H. Leveille, 

19 16.--Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartenerei, ed. 2:89, 1960 [= trichopoda var. 

polyantha Irmscher, 1960].-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. U'asshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 

1984. 

= sychnantha L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 1984. 

polygonata Liebmann var. polygonata, Vid. 

Medd. Naturh. For. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 

12, 1853. Mexico. Fig. 2.3. 

Rachia polygonata Klotzsch ex A. de 

fonsecae Standley, 1952. 

Irmscher, 1953. 

= labordei Leveille, 1904. 

Candolle, 1864. 

polygonata Liebmann var. longistipulacea 

Hemsley, Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot., 1:498, 

1880, nornen nudum. Mexico. 

polygonifolia A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):362, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 20.5. 

Wageneria brasiiiensis Klotzsch, 1855. 

polygonoides J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. 

Afr., 2:57 1, 187 1. Guinea to Congo. Fig. 

14.25 

epilobioides Warburg, 1893. 

rubronervata De Wildeman, 1908. 

rhipsaloides A. Chevalier, 19 12. 
218 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

polygonoides Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:254, 1906.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:100, 1953. 

= xiphophylla Irmscher, 1953. 

polypetala A. de Candolle, Garden, 531, 1878. 

Peru. Fig. 8.28. 

popenoei Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 

Ser., 8: 142, 1930. Central America: Honduras. Fig. 24.2 1. 

populi$olia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. 

Gen. Sp., 7, folio 142, quarto 185, pl. 

643, 1825.--Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 

44:890, 1858 [= Knesebeckia balmisiana 

Klotzsch, 1855].-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):308, 1854. 

= balmisiana Balmis var. balmisiana, 1794. 

popul$olia Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 

4(App.):408, 1827, non Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 1825.-Steudel, Nom. 

Bot., ed. 2, 1:194, 1840 [= scandens 

Swartz, 1788].-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:5, 191 1. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

populi$olia sensu Liebniann, \’id. Medd. Naturh. 

For. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 16, 1853, non 

Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth, 1825, 

non Schott, 1827.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodi-., 15( 1):303, 1864 [= tovarensis 

Klotzsch, 1855].-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:245, 

1950 [= patula Haworth, 18191; Ann. 

Missouri Bot. Card., 45:57, 1958 [=jscheri var. touarensis Irmscher, 19531.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. W’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

populnea A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., I\’, 

11:128, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):353, pl. 92 1861.--Irmscher Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:29, 1953. 

= integerrima Sprengel var. integerrima, 

1825. 

porteana \‘an Geert, Cat., 90, 188 1. Philippines. 

Descriptione inchoata. 

porterana Fischer, Meyer & Ave-Lallemant, Index, Semi. Hort. Petrop., 8:51, 1842, 

“porteriana”.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):344, 1861. 

= humilis var. porterana A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

porteri Leveille & Vaniot var. porteri, Repert. 

Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 9:20, 1910. 

China. Fig. 26.13. 

bellii Leveille, 19 14. 

porteri Leveille & Vaniot var. macrorhiza. 

Gagnepain in Lecomte, FI. Indo-Chine, 

2: 1 109, 192 1. Indochina. 

portillana S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 

22:414, 1887. Mexico. Fig. 5.30. 

portoricensis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):295, 

1864.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:9, 191 1. 

= decandra Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1859. 

potanlophila Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:89, 1904. 

quadrialata sensu De Wildeman & T. 

Durand, 1900, pro parte, non Warburg, 1894. 

praeclara King, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. 

Hist., 71:66, 1902.-Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 4:21, 1909; F1. Malay 

Penins, 1 :863, 1922. 

Tropical Africa. Fig. 2.2 1. 

= decora Stapf, 1893. 

praerupta Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:599, 

1949. Colombia. Fig. 17.27. 

preserana hort., Floric. Cab. & Florist’s Mag., 

1 1 :264, 1843, “preseriana.” Descriptione 

inchoata. 

preussii Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfmi., 3(6A): 14 1, 1894, nomen nudurn; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:36, 1895.- 

Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. 

Afr., ed. 2, 1(1):220, 1954. 

= eniinii Warburg var. eminii, 1895. 

prieurii A. de Candolle, Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 142, 1859, “prieurei. ” Cuianas. Fig. 

2 8.4.3. 

princeae Gilg var. princeae, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

30:361, pl., 1901 .-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 8 1 : 1 16, 196 1. Tropical Africa. Fig. 

28.49. 

uerdickii De Wildeman, 1903. 
NUMBER 60 219 

homblei De Wildeman, 1915. 

subacuto-data De Wildeman, 19 15. 

wellmanii Gilg ex Engler, 192 1. 

princeae var. princeae f. uulgata Irmprinceae Gilg var. princeae f. princeae 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 1 18, 196 1. 

Tropical Africa. 

princeae Gilg var. princeae f. grossidentata. 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81: 119, 1961. 

Tropical Africa. 

princeae Gilg var. princeae f. vulgata Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:120, 1961. Wilczek, 

FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 44, 1969. 

scher, 1961. 

= princeae Gilg var. princeae, 190 1. 

princeae Gilg var. rhodesiana Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:120, 1961. 

princeae Gilg var. rhodesiana f. rhodesiana. 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 12 1, 196 1. 

princeae Gilg var. rhodesiana f. racemigera. 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:122, 

196 1 .-Wilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 45, 1969. 

= princeae var. racemigera Wilczek, 1969. 

princeae Gilg var. racemigera (Irmscher) Wilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 45, 

1969. Congo. 

princeae var. rhodesiana f. racemigera 

princeps hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854, pro syn. Pritzelia princeps Klotzsch, 

1853.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):357, 1861. 

= princeps A. de Candolle var. princeps, 

1861. 

princeps .4. de Candolle var. princeps in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):357, 1861. Brazil. Fig. S24. 

princeps hort. Berol. ex Kotzsch, 1854. 

Pritzelia princeps Klotzsch, 1855. 

libonica hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

princeps ‘4. de Candolle var. parviflora A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):357, 

186 1. Brazil. 

principalis sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 10 1, 1974, sphalmate 

Irmscher, 196 1. 

pro laciniata subsp. principalis Irmscher, 

1939. 

pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 

26:136, 1891. Mexico. Fig. 22.18. 

kraussiantha Irmscher, 1959. 

prionophylla Irmscher, Bot.Jahrb. Syst., 74:597, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 17.29. 

prisniatocarpa W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 88, 

pl. 5307, 1862. Tropical West Africa. Fig. 

5.17, icon. 

petraea A. Chevalier, 19 12. 

procridifolia Wallich, Num. List, 213, no. 6292, 

1832, nomen nudum.-Wallich ex A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):352, 1864.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:648, 1879. Burma. Fig. 17.30. 

procumbens Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 36, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio 

de Janeiro, 5:403, 1881, desc.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:469, 1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1. 

prolifera A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 135, 1859. Burma, Malaya. Fig. 1 1.17. 

prolixa Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 413, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 23.31. 

promethea Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

Soc., 46:259, 1906. Sarawak. Fig. 22.2. 

propinqua Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:249, 1906. Borneo. Fig. 28.62. 

prostrata Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:516, 1939. China. Fig. 23.2 

pruinata (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):338, 1864. Costa Rica. Fig. 3.37. 

Gireoudia pruinata Klottsch, 1855. 

pruinosa hort., 188 1. 

bakeri C. de Candolle, 1908. 

pruinosa hort., Garden., 19:226, 1881; Hortus 

Third, 151, 1976. 

= pruinata A. de Candolle, 1864. 

pryerana Ridley, J. Straits. Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:232, 1906, “pryeriana.” Borneo. 

Sine figura. 

pseudimpatiens Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:93, 

1904.-Hutchinson, Dalziel 8c Keay, FI. 

W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:219, 1954. 
220 

= macrocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

pseudisoptera Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 8: 1 12, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 

21.28. 

isoptera Ridley, 1922, pro parte, non 

pseudoglauca Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

74:578, 1949. Peru. Sine figura. 

pseudolateralis Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. FI. 

Philipp., 5 1, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 

28.15. 

Mezierea salaziensis var. calleryana A. de 

aptera var. calleryana Fernandez-Villar, 

salaziensis var. calleryana sensu Merrill, 

lateralis Elmer ex Merrill, 1923. 

Dryander, 1789. 

Candolle, 1864. 

1880. 

1912. 

pseudolubbersii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Janeiro, 15:36, pl. 5, 1957. Brazil. Fig. 

20.40. 

pseudoualeri, Begonian, 14: 104, 1947, nomen 

nudum. Costa Rica. 

pseudoviola Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:88, 1904. 

Tropical Africa. Fig. 22.7. 

psilophylla Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 2 1 :39, 195 1. China. Fig. 

11.18. 

pubescens Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:254, 1906. Borneo. Fig. 14.27. 

hirsuta Brace ex Ridley, 1906. 

pubipedicella C. de Candolle, Sniithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69(12):7, 1919.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:58, 1958. 

= oaxacana A. de Candolle var. oaxacana, 

1864. 

pudica L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 40:242, pl. lh-k, 1950. Mexico. Fig. 26.16. 

pulchella Raddi, Mem. Mod., 18:407, 1820. Brazil. Fig. 29.17. 

Riessia pulchella Klotzsch, 1854. 

similis Brade, 1944. 

cjlindricaulas Brade, 1954. 

pulchra herb. Schreb. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):293, 1864 [= nitida Dryander in 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Aiton, 1789].-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7: 10, 191 1. 

= minor Jacquin, 1864. 

pululahuana C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:325, 1908. Ecuador. Fig. 3.29. 

pumila Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 414, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 3.23. 

pumilio Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:102, pl. 1.1, 1929. Siam. Fig. S1. 

pumilio Standley, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

27:322, 1940.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:43, 1958. 

= conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, 

1851. 

punctata Klotisch in Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Icon. 

PI. Rar., 1:17, pl. 7, 1840.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):335, 1864. 

= heracleifolia var. punctata A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

punctata hort. ex Steudel, Nom. Veg., ed. 2, 

1:194, 1840. 

= maculata Raddi var.maculata, 1820. 

purdieana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:124, 1859. Jamaica. Fig. 24.1 1. 

purpurea Swarti, Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ., 86, 

1788.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:16, 1911.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983, 

nomen validum sed illegitimum. 

= jamaicensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

purpurea A. Chevalier, Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. 

Franc., 1:298, 1920, non Swartz, 1788; 

nomen nudum. Ivory Coast. 

purpurea Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 10:3707, 

1939, non Swartz, 1788.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 

1983. 

= neopurpurea L.B. Smith & D.C. U'asshausen, 1983. 

purpusii Houghton ex Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 

27:204-206, pl., 1960. Mexico. Fig. 33.7. 

pusilla A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I!', 11:120, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 33(87): 

83, 1944. 

= pleiopetala A. de Candolle, 1859. 
NUMBER 60 22 1 

pustulata Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 6, 1853. Mexico. 

Fig. 22.34. 

Il’eilbachia pustulata Klotzsch, 1855. 

putii Craib, Gard. Chron., 111, 83:67, 1928. 

Siam. Fig. 8.7. 

putzeysii hort., Rev. Hort., 5:158, 1851. Descript ione inchoa ta . 

putzeyiana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\r, 11:139, 1859, non genus Putzeysia 

Klotzsch, 1855.-L.B. Smith 85 B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 192, 1946. 

= foliosa var. putzeysiana L.B. Smith 85 B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 

pycnantha Urban 85 Eknian, Ark. Bot., 23A 

(.5):93, 1930. West Indies: Haiti. Fig. 

32.26. 

pycnocaulis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 :180, 

196 1. Africa: Tanganyika. Sine figura. 

pygiiiaea Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 1 14, 

196 1. East Africa: Zambia. Sine figura. 

pjrifolia Kunth ex Otto, Hamburger Garten-Blunienzeitung, 8:9, 1832, nomen nudum. 

p~rha Ridle),, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 

46:260, 1906. Borneo. Sine figura. 

quadrialata M’arburg var. quadrialata in Engler 

85 Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfani., 3(6A): 140, 

pls. 47A, 48J, 1894; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

22:43, 1895. Congo north to Sierra Leone 

and Guinea. Fig. 2.19. 

uthq’tei Stapf, 1905. 

calabarira Stapf, 1906. 

modira Stapf, 1908. 

mildbraedii Gilg ex Mildbraed, 19 13. 

poikilantha Gilg ex Engler, 192 1. 

quadrialata vai-. speciosa Irmscher, 

quadriaiata var. speciosa Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 81:182, 1961.-Fernandes, Consp. 

FI. Angola, 4:298, 1970. 

= q u a d ria la ta M’ ar bu rg va r . q uadr i a la t a , 

1894. 

quadrialata seiisu De it‘ildeman 85 T. Durand, 

Ann. Jlus. Congo, 11, 1:2.5, 1900.--Wilczek, FI. Congo, RFvanda, Burundi, 33, 

1969, non M’arburg, 1894. 

1961. 

= potaniophila Gilg, 1904, pro parte. 

quadrzlocularzs Brade, Rodriguesia, 18:21, pl. 6, 

1945.-L.B. Smith 85 B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:114, 1955. 

= egregia N.E. Brown, 1887. 

quaternata L.B. Smith 85 B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 40:244, pl. lp-s, 1950. Panama. Fig. 22.22 

quercifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\‘, 11:129, 1839. Philippines. Fig. 6.2. 

lejtenszs Elmer, 19 10. 

quetamenszs L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:8, pl. 1, 1946.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. 

M’asshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

Fig. 23.19. 

= novogranatae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

quzntaszz C. de Candolle, Bol. Soc. Brot., 10:122, 

1892.-Hutchinson, Daliiel M: Keay, FI. 

U’. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1:220, 1954. 

= dnnobonensis A. de Cmdolle. 1859. 

rabilii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 4 15, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 2.31. 

racemiflora Ortigies ex C. Chevalier, Begonias, 

15 1, 1938. hlexico. Descriptione inc hoa ta . 

racemosa Jack, hlalay. Misc., 2(7): 14, 1822. Sui1iati.a. Sine figura. 

Petermannia racemosa Klotzsch, 18.54. 

Diploclinium racemosum Miquel, 18.56. 

radiata Graham, Edinburgh herv Philos. J., 182, 

1 833.-L2i11k 8c Otto, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 44:348, 1836. 

= heracleifolia Schlechtendal M: Chamisso 

var. heracleifolia, 1830. 

radicans L’ellozo, FI. Fluni., vol. 10, pl. 39, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. hlus. Nat. Rio 

de Janeiro, 5:404, 188 1. descr. Brazil. Fig. 

9.14. 

dubia \’ellozo, 183 1, no11 Halvorth, 

procumbens Vellozo, 183 1. 

sandersii hort. Kew ex A. de Candolle, 

limmingheana Morren, 1866. 

coccinea var. ‘-1. de Liming Regel, 1868. 

cocrinea var. Comte Alfred de Limering 

1819. 

1864. 
222 

Regel, 1868. 

limminghei Pynaert, 1875. 

limminghi hort., 1885. 

glaucophylla J.D. Hooker, 1892. 

glaucophylla var. scandens hort. ex 

glaucophjlla var. splendens hort. ex 

fritz-muelleri Brade, 1944. 

Fotsch, 1933. 

Fotsch, 1933. 

ragozinii Schlvacke, PI. KOY. Mineiras, 2:4, pl. 3, 

1900.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

= grisea A. de Candolle, 1859. 

raimondii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:629, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 17.2 

rajah Ridley, Gard. Chron., 2:213, pl. 31, 

1894.-Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform., 327, 

19 14. Xlalaya. Sine figura. 

I-amentacea Paxton, Paxton‘s Mag. Bot., 12:73, 

1846. Brazil. 24.2’7. 

Pritzelia ramentacea Klotzsch, 1854. 

oregana hort. ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

ramicola Gilg ex De M’ildeman, Ann. Mus. 

Congo, i7, 2:322, 1908, nomen nudum. 

ramosii Xlei%ll, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:388, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 27.12 

randaiensis Sasaki, List PI. Form., 301, 1928.- 

Fide M.J. Lai in schedula, L.B. Smith 8c 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 

1984. 

= palmata D. Don var. palmata, 1825. 

I-andiana hlerrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:47, pl. 3c,d, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

18.3.5. 

raulinii Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

8:232, pl. 5, 1948.-L.B. Smith 8c R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., l(Bego):74, 1971. 

I-ayrialiorum Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:93, 1969. Cameroon. Sine figura. 

1-a za finj oh an y i A y monin 8c Bosser, FI . Madagascar, 144:84, pl. 3: figs. 4, 5, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro clave. 

reitzii Brade, Sellowia, 9:31, pl. 3, 1958.-L.B. 

Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1 (Bego): 109, 197 1. 

= hilariana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

= Iiispida Schott var. hispida, 1827. 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

relicta L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert. Contr. Gray 

Herb., 154:31, pl. 2, 1945. Mexico. Fig. 

28.43. 

renifolia Irmscher. Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:379, 

191 3. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 29.7. 

reniformis Dryander, Trans. Linn. SOC., 1 : 16 1, 

pl. 14: figs. 1, 2, 1791. Brazil. Fig. 4.17, 

icon (Fig. 29.3, icon, Fig. 31.17). 

vitfolia Schott in Sprengel, 1827. 

longipes W.J. Hooker, 1830. Fig. 29.5, 

truncata i’ellozo, 183 1. 

renformis sensu W.J. Hooker, 1833. 

grandis Otto, 1836. 

elatior hort. ex Steudel, 184 1. 

1Z’ageneria renformis Klotzsch, 1854. 

ll’ageneria vitfolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

IVageneria longipes Klotzsch, 1855. 

vitfolia hort. ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

longipes var. laticordata A. de Candolle, 

vitfolia var. bahiensis A. de Candolle, 

vitfolia var. grandis A. de Candolle, 

huberi C. de Candolle, 190 1. 

palmfolia hort. ex Buxton, 1932. 

inermis Irmscher, 1953. Fig. 3 1.17. 

icon. 

1861. 

1861. 

1861. 

renformis sensu ‘Lt’.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 60, 

pl. 3225, 1833.-Link 8c Otto, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 4:349, 1836 [= vitfolia 

Schott, 1827].-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

renformis \.‘ellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 40, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio 

de Janeiro, 404, 188 1, desc., non Dryander, 1791 .-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

= fabulosa L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

1983. 

renformis hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Pi-euss. Akad. W’iss. Berlin, 124, 

1854, non Dryander, 1791; pro syn. Augustia dregei Klotzsch, 1854.--A. de Candolle, Prodr., 1 3( 1):384, 1864. 

= dregei Otto 8c Dietrich, 1836. 
NUMBER 60 

reniformis Beddome, Madras J. Lit., 22:72, 1861, 

non Dryander, 1791; Madras J. Lit. Sci., 

111, 1:48, 1864. 

= anairnalaiensis Beddome, 1864. 

reniformis Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):308, 1864, non Dryander, 1791; 

pro syn. balmisiana Balmis, 1794.-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 154:30, 1945 [= monoptera Link & 

Otto, 1828].-C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 50:9, 1983. 

= balmisiana Balmis var. balmisiana, 1794. 

repanda Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:97, 1827.- 

Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 192, 1855; Begoniac., 72, 1855 

[= Diploclinium repandum Klotzsch, 

1855].-A. de Candolle, Prodr. 15( 1): 

321, 1864. 

= isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 1790. 

repens Lamarck var. repens, Encyc., 1 :394, 

1785.-Urban, Arkiv. Bot., 23A(5):95, 

1930. J. Golding, Phytologia, 39: 124, 

1978. West Indies: Haiti. Fig. 23.1 1. 

Begonia roseoflore, folio aurito, minor €3 

hirsuta Plumier in Tournefort, 1700. 

obliqua var. gamma Linnaeus, 1753. 

repens var. beta Lamarck, Encyc. 1:394, 

“1 783,” 1785, excl. Plumier, PI. Amer., 

2:34, pl. 45: fig. 3, 1756.-O.E. Schulz in 

Urban, Syrnb. Antil., 7:15, 191 1. 

= brachypoda Schulz, 191 1. 

repens Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen., 5(art. 4):8, 

1790, nomen nuduni. Java. 

repens Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:95, 1827, non 

Lamarck, 1785.-A. de Candolle, Prod., 

15( 1):391, 1864.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. 

Java, 649, 19 12.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

39:124, 1978. 

= mollis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

repens Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 35, 1831, 

icon, non Lamarck, 1785; Arch. Mus. 

Nac., 5:403, 188 1 descr.-Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:216, 1843.-J. Golding, 

Phytologia, 39: 125, 1978. 

= velloziana Walpers, 1843. 

repens herb. Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Kon223 

igl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854, 

non Lamarck, 1785; pro syn. Rossmannia 

repens Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):333, 1864. 

= rossmaniae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

repens Schott ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):365, 1864, non Lamarck, 1785; pro 

syn. convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 1861. 

repens Liebniann ex Henisley, Biol. Centr. Am. 

Bot., 1 :497, 1880, non Lamarck, 1785.- 

J. Golding, Phytologia, 39:125, 1978, 

sphalmate pro reptans Liebmann, 1853; 

pro syn. liebmannii A. de Candolle, 

1864.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 174, 196 1, 

= ludicra A. de Candolle, 1839. 

repens Sesse & Mocino, FI. Mexic., ed. 2:219, 

1894, non Lamarck, 1785.-L.B. Smith 

8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 

154:27, 1945. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

repenticaulis Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:547, pl. 16, 1939. China. 

Fig. 25.24. 

reptans Benthani, PI. Hartw., 61, 1840. Mexico. 

Fig. S12. 

reptans Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjoebenhavn 18.52, p. 5, 1853, non Benthani, 1840.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):345, 1864 [= liebmannii A. de Candolle, 1864].-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana, 24: 174, 196 1. 

= ludicra A. de Candolle, 1859. 

resecta Miquel ex Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 

2:645, 191 2, pro syn. lepida Blume, 1827. 

reticulata Gardner, Lond. J. Bot., 4:134, 1845. 

L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1 (Bego):32, 197 1. 

= angulata k’ellozo var. angulata, 183 1. 

retusa O.E. Schuli in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:20, 

19 1 1. Northern Lesser Antilles: St. Barth. 

Fig. 32.15. 

nitida Grisebach, 1857, non Dryander, 

domingensis sensu Boldingh, 1909. 

1789. 

rex Put~eys, FI. Serres Jard. Eur., 2:141, pls. 
224 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1255, 1258, 1857.-W.J. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 85, pl. 5701, 1859. India: Himalaya. Fig. 23.17. 

rheifolia Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:132, pl. 6, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 

8.15. 

herveyana var. robusta Ridley, 192 1. 

rhzpsaloides A. Chevalier, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

58(Mem. 8d):174, “191 1,” 1912.-Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. 

Afr., ed. 2, 1:220, 1954. 

= polygonoides J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

rhizocarpa Fischer ex A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):382, 1861.-Wawra, Bot. 

Ergeb. Maxim. Brasil, 53, pl. 49, 1866. 

= depauperata Schott, 1827. 

rhizocarpa Fischer ex Otto 8c Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 11:34, 1843, nomen nudurn.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):388, 

1864 [= rhizocarpa Fischer ex A. de Candolle, 1861].-Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. 

Maxim. Brasil, 53, pl. 49, 1866. 

= depauperata Schott, 1827. 

rhizocaulis (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):340, 1864. Mexico. Fig. 22.35. 

Gireoudia rhizocaulis Klotzsch, 1856. 

rhodantha Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:58, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

18.34. 

rhodochlamys L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Contr. Gray Herb., 154:25, pl. 1, 1945. 

Mexico. Fig. 12.20. 

rhoephila Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. Straits 

Branch, 75:36, 1917. Malaya. Fig. 13.13. 

rhombicarpa A. de Candolle var. rhombicarpa, 

Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11: 129, 1859.- 

Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:394, 191 1. 

rhombicarpa wr. lobbii A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):323, 1864.-Merrill, Philipp. J. 

Sci., 6:395, 191 1. 

= nigritaruni Steudel, 182 1. 

= nigritarurn Steudel, 182 1. 

rhopalocarpa Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:40, 

1895.-De Wilde & Arends, Acta. Bot. 

Neerl., 28:367, pl. 1, 1979. Tropical Africa. Fig. 16.24 

injoloensis De Wildeman, 1908. 

richardsiana T. Moore, Gard. Chron., 1065, pl. 

243, 1871 .-Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

8 1 : 141, 196 1. [= suffruticosa Meisner, 

1840].-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South Afr., 

22: 142, 1976. 

= dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

richardsoniana Houllet, Rev. Hortic., 44:333, pl. 

35, 1872.-Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

8 1 : 14 1, 196 1 [= suffruticosa Meisner, 

1840].-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 

22: 142, 1976. 

= dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

richardsoniana Merrill8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:48, pl. 3.e,f, 1943, non Houllet, 

1872.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= mystacina L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1984. 

rieckei Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 13:387, 1891; 

FI. Schutzch Sudsee, 457, 1901, “rickei.” 

New Guinea. Fig. 22.12. 

riedelii A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:137, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):358, pl. 94, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 30.30, 

non typus. 

riedelii A. de Candolle var. latifolia Brade, 

Rodriguesia, 18:26, 1945, nomen in 

eadem schedula cum cariocana.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen. Phytologia, 

52:442, 1983. 

= cariocana Brade, 1845. 

rigida Linden ex Regel, Gartenfl., 3:217, 1854. 

tomentosa hort. Kew ex A. de Candolle, 

rigida hort. Turicensis ex Klotzsch, 

Gurltia rigida Klotzsch, 1855. 

rigida hort. Turicensis ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 177, 1855; 

Begoniac., 57, 1855, pro syn. Gurltia rigida Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):376, 1861. 

Brazil. Fig. 29.36. 

186 1, non Schott, 1827. 

1855. 

= rigida Regel, 1854. 

rigida sensu A. Clark, Begonian, 14:150, pl., 
NUMBER 60 225 

1947.-F. Carrell, Begonian, 17: 128, 

1950. 

= ludwigii Irmscher, 1937. 

rimarum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 415, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 34.6. 

riparia Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 126, 196 1. 

East Africa: Tanganyika. Fig. 28.55. 

ripicola C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:314, 1908. Costa Rica. Sine figura. Gelata in clave. 

Fide K. Burt-Utley, Tulane Studies Zool. 

Bot., 25(1), 1985. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

rizalensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:388, “191 1 ,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 2 1.46. 

robinsonii Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 

4:22, 1909. Malaya. Fig. S2’7. 

robinsonii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:375, “191 1,” 

1912, non Ridley, 1909.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 

1983. 

= perryae L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

1983. 

robusta Blume var. robusta, Enum. PI. Javae, 

1:96, 1827. Java. Fig. 32.1. 

Platycentrum robustum Miquel, 1856. 

splendida hort. Rollisson ex Henderson, 

Sphenanthera robusta Hasskarl ex 

Sphenanthera robusta var. viridis HassCasparya robusta A. de Candolle, 1864. 

robusta Blume var. glabriuscula (A. de Candolle) J. Doorenbos, Sp. List, 45, 1971, 

ined.-J. Doorenbos ex F.A. Barkley & J. 

Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 108, 

1974. Java. 

Casparya robusta var. glabriuscula A. de 

robusta Blume var. hirsutior (Miquel) J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:499, 1984. Sumatra. 

Diploclinium areolatum Miquel, 1858, 

quoad pl. Sumatra, non Miquel, 

1856. 

1857. 

Klotzsch, 1857. 

karl, 1858. t 

Candolle, 1864. 

Platycentrum robustum var. hirsutior Mirobusta Blume var. rubra (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfain., 3(6A):146, 1894.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:47 1, 

1984. 

quel, 1861. 

= muricata Blume, 1823. 

robusta Zollinger ex Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung, 

15: 182, 1857, pro syn. Sphenanthera multangula Klotzsch, 1857; non Blume, 

1827.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

275, 1864 [= Casparya multangula A. de 

Candolle, 18641.-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= multangula Blume var. multangula, 1827. 

robustior Standley & Williams, Ceiba, 1 : 155, 

1950.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= manicata Brongniart var. manicata, 1842. 

rockii Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10544, 1939. Burma. Fig. 3 1.12. 

roezlii Regel var. roezlii, Gartenflora, 25: 194, pl. 

871, 1876, “roezli.” Peru. Fig. 33.5. 

roezlii Regel var. rosea Regel, Gartenflora, 

34:2 1, 1885, “roezli.” 

roezlii Lynch, Card. Chron., ns., 11:566, 1879; 

Garden, 24:162, pl. 402, 1883, non Regel, 1876.-J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 

110, pl. 6758, 1884 [= lynchiana J.D. 

Hooker, 18841.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. 

= cyathophora Poeppig & Endlicher, 1835. 

romeenis De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

2:321, pl. 78: fig. 2, 1908.-Wilczek, FI. 

Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 43, 1969. 

= macrocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

roraimensis Tutin, J. Bot. 78:25 1, 1940.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:470, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

rosacea Putzeys, FI. Serres Jard. Eur., 11, 2:25, 

pl. 1194, 1857. Colombia. Fig. 8.34. 

rosacea Linden, Cat., 15, 1860, nomen nudum, 

non Putzeys, 1857.-A. de Candolle, 
226 

Prodr., 15(1):330, 517, 1864. 

= novogranatae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rosacea sensu L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 27:212, 

1973, pro parte, non Putzeys, 1857.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:444, 1983 [= quetamensis L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, 1946].-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:469, 1984. 

= novogranatae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rosea A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):299, 1864.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:78, 1946. 

= semiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

roseibractea Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 50: 19, pl., 

1983. Mexico: Oaxaca. Editus sero pro 

clave. 

roszjlora J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 93, pl. 

5680, 1867.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

1 3:20 1, 1 94 1 , “rosaeflora.” 

= veitchii J.D. Hooker, 1867. 

rossmanniae A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):333, 

1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:103, pl. 12, 1946. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Fig. 16.33. 

Rossmannia repens Klotzsch, 1854. 

repens herb Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1855. 

rostrata Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker var. rostrata 

in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 2:578, 1871.- 

Fernandes, Bol. SOC. Brot., 11, 44: 11, pls. 

7, 8, 1970. West Africa. Fig. 27.14. 

chevalieri Warburg ex A. Chevalier, 

elliotti Gilg ex Engler, 192 1, 

1912. 

rostrata Welwitsch var. argutiserrata Fernandes, Bol. SOC. Brot., 11, 44: 11, pl. 9, 

1970. Angola. 

rostrata sensu Exell, 1929. 

rostrata Mielwitsch var. brachyptera Fernandes, Bol. SOC. Brot., 11, 44:10, pls. 5, 

6, 1970. Angola. 

chevalieri sensu Exell, 1929, non Warburg ex Chevalier, 19 12. 

rostrata sensu Exell, J. Bot., 67, suppl., 1:198, 

1929.-Fernandes, Bol. SOC. Brot., 11, 

44: 11, pl. 9, 1970. 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

= rostrata var. argutiserrata Fernandes, 

1970. 

rotata Liebniann, Vid. Medd. Katurh. For. Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 11, 1853.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):335, 1864. 

= carolineifolia Regel, 1852. 

rotunda \.’ellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 38, 

“1827,” 1831, icon, nonien nudum; Arch. 

Mus. Nat. Rio de Janeiro, 5:404, 1881, 

descr. Brazil. Fig. 22.10. 

rotundifolia Laniarck, Encyc., 1:394, 1785.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 45:247, 1980. West 

Indies. Fig. 7.16. 

Begonia jlore roseo, folio orbiculari Pluobliqua var. delta Linnaeus, 1753. 

mier in Tournefort, 1700. 

rotundifolia Grisebach, FI. Brit. W.I., 304, 1860, 

non Laniarck, 1785.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:22, 191 1 [= macrophylla Lamarck, 1785].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:246, 1980. 

= obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 1753. 

rotundifolia Grisebach, Cat. PI. Cub., 11 7, 1866, 

non Lamarck, 1785.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:18, 191 1. 

= wrightiana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

1864. India, Burma. Fig. 34.14. 

roxburghii A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):398, 

malabarica Roxburgh, 1832, non LaDiploclinium roxburghii Miquel, 1856. 

Casparya oligocarpa A. de Candolle, 

Casparya polycarpa A. de Candolle, 

roxburghii sensu Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States 

Mus., 4:20, 1909; FI. Malay Penins., 

5:854, 1925. 

marck, 1785. 

1864. 

1864. 

= tricornis Ridley, 191 7. 

roylei K. Koch, Berliner Allg. Gartenzeitung, 

10:75, 1857, non visus.-Fide J. Doorenbos in litteris [= laciniata Roxburgh, 

18321.-H. Hara, F.E. Himalaya, 215, 

1966. 

= palmata D. Don var. palniata, 1825. 

rubella F. Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. FI. Nepal, 

223, 1825.-Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 
NUMBER 60 227 

3687, 1831.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:642, 1879.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 40: 17, 1978.- 

Hara, Enum. FI. PI. Nepal, 2:182, 1979. 

Nepal. Fig. 2.23. 

scutata Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rubella Miquel, Anal. Bot. Ind., 3:18, 1852, pro 

syn. canarana Miquel, 1852. 

rubicunda hort. Turic. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):384, 1864, pro syn. dregei Otto & 

Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

rubida Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. SOC., 

46:256, 1906. Borneo. Fig. 27.42. 

rubiginosipes Irmscher, Bot. Syst., 74:596, 1949. 

Peru. Fig. 16.13. 

rubra Blunie, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:96, 1827. 

--Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1:689, 1856 

[= Diploclinium rubrum Miquel, 18561.- 

Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 349, 1858 

[= Sphenanthera robusta Hasskarl var. 

rubra Hasskarl, 18581; Neu Schuss. 

Rurnph., 146, 1866.-Merrill, Interp. 

Herb. Amboin., 379, 1917. 

= muricata Blume, 1823. 

nerei, ed. 2:76, 1960. 

rubra hort. ex Irmscher, Pareys Blumengart- 

= coccinea W.J. Hooker, 1843. 

rubricaulis W.J. Hooker var. rubricaulis, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 70, pl. 4131, 1844. Argentina. 

Fig. 8.30. 

Huszia rubricaulis Klotzsch, 1855. 

octopetala sensu Grisebach, 1874. 

rubricaulis W.J. Hooker var. volcanensis L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:87, 

194 1. Argentina. 

rubrifolia Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 14:426, 19 19. 

Philippines. Fig. 22.15. 

rubro-marginata Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:95, 

1904. N’est Africa: Cameroon. Fig. 14.12. 

rubro-marginata sensu F.A. Barkley, Begonian, 

41:157, 1974, non Gilg, 1904.-M.L. 

Thompson, Begonian, 44:295, 1977. 

= cavallyensis A. Chevalier, 19 12. 

rubronervata De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, 

V, 2:322, 1908. Congo. Fig. 14.14. Gelata 

in clave. 

Engler, L’eg. Erde, 9(3.2):618, 1941. 

= polygonoides J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

rubro-nervia hort. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. W’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 160, 1855; 

Begoniac., 40, 1855, pro syn. Platycentrum 

rubrovenium Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):347, 1864 [= rubrovenia W.J. Hooker, 18531.-H. Hara, J. 

Jap. Bot., 47:143, 1972. 

= hatacoa F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 1825. 

rubropilosa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:125, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 23.32. 

rubro-setulosa A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

390, 1864. Indonesia? Fig. 19.24. 

Mitscherlichia rubro-setulosa Hasskarl, 

rubrotincta L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Publ. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. ‘yavier Prado,” Ser. B., 

Bot., 17:4, pl. 1, 1963. Peru. Fig. 3.30. 

rubro-venia W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 79, pl. 

4689, 1853.-H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 

47:143, 1972. 

1858. 

= hatacoa F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 1825. 

rubro-venia W.J. Hooker var. meisneri C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. India, 

2:645, 1879.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

40:19, 1978. 

= hatacoa var. meisneri J. Golding, 1978. 

rudatisii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1: 129, 

196 1 .-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 

22:141, 1973. 

= homonyma Stuedel, 1840. 

rufa Thunberg, Flora, 4:33 1, 182 1. Brazil. Descriptione inchoata. 

rufipila Merrill, Philipp, J. Sci., 6:393, “191 1,” 

1912. Philippines. Fig. 2.39. 

rufosericea Toledo, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo, 

ns., 2(3):62, pl. 16, 1946. Brazil. Fig. 

18.21. 

rugosa hort. Schoenbrun ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 

126, 1854, pro syn. Wageneria rugosa 

Klotzsch, 1854; Abh.Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 236, 1855; Begoniac., 

1 16, 1855 [= Wageneria convolvulacea 

Klotzsch, 1855].-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):367, 1861. 

= convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 186 1. 
228 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ruhlandiana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:67, 

pl. 4, 1953. Brazil. Fig. 15.7, non typus. 

rumphii Vuijck ex Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 

2:649, 1912, pro syn. muricata Blume, 

1823. 

rupestris Baxter, Suppl. Loudon’s Hort. Brit., 

498, 1850. Brazil. Nomen nudum. 

rupestris Moon ex Trimen, FI. Ceylon, 2:263, 

1894, pro syn. tenera Dryander, 179 1. 

rupicola Miquel, PI. Jungh., 4:418, “1855,” 

1857. Java. Fig. S34. 

Platycentrum rupicolum, 1856. 

rupium Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:59, 

1953.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., 1(Bego):96, pl. 29, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 19.13. 

rutilans hort. Van Houtte ex A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):373, 1864. Brazil. Fig. 32.3. 

Nephromischus rutilans Klotzsch, 1855. 

salaziensis (Gaudichaud) Warburg var. salaziensis 

in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

3(6A): 139, 1894. Mauritius. Fig. 30.13. 

aptera Roxburgh, 1832, non Blume, 

Mezierea salaziensis Gaudichaud, 184 1. 

salaziensis Warburg var. comorensis (Warburg) 

L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:466, 1984.--Nomen superfluum 

fide M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 144:98, 1983. Editus sero pro 

clave. 

1827. 

= comorensis Warburg, 1894, 

salaziensis Warburg var. calleryana sensu Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:374, “1911,” 1912, 

sphalmate pro Mezierea salaziensis Gaudichaud var. calleryana A. de Candolle, 

1864; pro syn. pseudolateralis Warburg, 

1904. 

salicifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:128, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):355, pl. 93, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 15.6. 

salisburyana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:2 15, 

1954. Nigeria. Fig. 22.9. 

salomonensis Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:56, pl. 6.g-i, 1943. Solomon Islands. 

Fig. 27.27. 

salvadorensis Irmscher, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 

39:440, pl. 2, 1963.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:445, 1983. 

= udisilvestris A. de Candolle, 19 19. 

samarensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 30:413, 1926. 

Philippines. Fig. 18.18. 

sambiranensis Humbert, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 

118:741, pl. 3: figs. 14-19, “1971,” 1973. 

Madagascar. Fig. 8.20. 

sandalifolia C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. 

Ind., 2:649, 1879. Burma. Fig. 21.32. 

sandersii hort. Kew ex. A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):400, 1864, nomen nudum,- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:28, 1953 

[= limmingheana Morren, 18661.-L.B. 

Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

l(Bego):14, pl. 1: figs. 1-4, 1971 [=procumbens Vellozo, 183 11.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 

1984. 

= radicans Vellozo, 183 1, 

sandtii Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 36: 184-1 86, pl., 

1969. Mexico. Fig. 28.2 1. 

sanguinea Raddi, Mem. Mod., 18:409, 1820.- 

Link 8c Otto, Icon. PI. Rar., 3:25, pl. 13, 

1828.-Graham, Bot. Mag., vol. 63, pl. 

3520, 1836. Brazil. Fig. 30.55. 

Pritzelia sanguinea Klotzsch, 1854. 

sanjeensis Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:87, 1969. Cameroon. Fig. 16.35. 

santae-martae Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

74:618, 1949.-L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 

27:212, 1973 [= stigmosa Lindley, 18451. 

-K. Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 36:234, 1984. 

santarosensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI., 3(2): 106, 

1898. Bolivia. Fig. 33.13. 

santos-limae Brade, Arq. Serv. Florest., 2:23, pl. 

5, 1943. Brazil. Sine figura. 

sarasinorum Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:349, 

191 3. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 25.5 

sarawakensis Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

Soc., 46:250, 1906. Indonesia: Sarawak. 

Fig. 28.59. 

sarcocarpa Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 

8(4):38, 191 7. Sumatra. Sine figura. 

sarcophylla Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

= urophylla W.T. Hooker, 1855. 
NUMBER 60 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 12, 1853, “sarchophylla”.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15 

(1):337, 1864. Mexico. (Fig. 32.1 1.) 

sartorii Liebmann, 1853. Fig. 32.1 1. 

Gireoudia lobulata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gzreoudia sarchophylla Klotzsch, 1855. 

lobulata A. de Candolle, 1864. 

cobana C. de Candolle, 1908. 

sarrnentacea hort. ex Brilmayer, All About Begonias, 136, 1960, “sementacea.” Descriptione inchoata. 

sarnientosa L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:443, 1983. Philippines. Fig. 

4.53. 

elegens Elmer, 19 15, non Humboldt, 

Bonpland 8c Kunth, 1825. 

sartorii Liebniann, \’id. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 14, 1853.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):337, 1864. 

sassandrensis A. Chevalier, Bull. SOC. Bot. 

France, 38(8): 1 75, “ 19 1 1 ,” 19 12.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):614, 1921. 

= oxyloba Welwitsch ex. J.D. Hooker, 1871. 

satrapis C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:638, 1879. India: Sikkim. Fig. 11.15. 

saxatilis Blume, Enum. PI. Javae, 1:95, 1827.- 

Backer & Van den Brink, FI. Java, 1:309, 

1964. 

= sarcophylla Liebmann, 1853. 

= muricata Blunie, 1823. 

saxatilis Reinwardt ex Koorders, Exkur.-FI. Java, 

2:648, 1912, non Blume, 1827; pro syn. 

mollis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

saxicola A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 144, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 17.2 1. 

saxifraga A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:138, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):370, pl. 97: fig. 2, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 

24.34. 

saxifragifolia Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 4 16, 

1930. Siani. Fig. 7.13. 

scabrida A. de Candolle, Prodr., l5( 1):367, 

1864. Vene7uela. Fig. 3 1.7. 

Il’ageneria scabrida Klotzsch ex. A. de 

scabrida sensu J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol, 120, 

pl. 7347, 1894, non A. de Candolle, 

Candolle, 1864. 

229 

1864.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 1983; Phytologia, 

56:16, 1984. 

= scabridoidea L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 1983. 

scabridoidea L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:445, 1983; Phytologia, 

56: 16, 1984. k‘enezuela. Fig. 12.14. 

scabrida sensu J.D. Hooker, 1894. 

scandens Swarti, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ., 86, 

1788.-0.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:5, 191 1. 

= glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

scandens var. amplfolia A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):362, 1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13:191, 1941. 

= glabra var. amplifolia L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 1941. 

scandens var. cordfolia C. de Candolle, Bull. 

Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:320, 326, 1908.- 

Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, ed. 

2:72, 1960. 

= glabra var. cordifolia Irmscher, 1960. 

scandens hort. Schoenbrun ex Klotzsch, Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 236, 

1855; Begoniac., 116, 1855,prosyn. Wageneria conuolvulacea Klotzsch, 1855.-A. 

de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras,, 

4(1):367, 1861. 

= convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

scandens hort. Berol. & Schoenbrun ex Klotzsch, 

Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin, 126, 1854, pro syn. Wageneria 

scandens Klotzsch, 1854; nomen nudum. 

scandens Ve11070, FI. Flum. vol. 10, pl. 41, 183 1, 

icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio de Janeiro, 

5:404, 188 1, desc., non Swartz, 1788.- 

L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. 

= cerasiphylla L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 1983. 

scapigera J.D. Hooker in Oliver, F1. Trop. Afr., 

2:572, 187 1. Upper Guinea. Sine figura. 

sceptrum hort. ex Rodigas, Rev. Hort. Belge 

Etrangere, 10:253, 1884, non visus.-C. 

Chevalier, Begonias, 3.51, 1938 [= fau- 
230 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

reana Linden ex Garnier, 18951.-Everett, J. New York Bot. Gard., 41:16, 1940. 

schaeferi Engler, Veg. Erde, 9 (3.2):618, 1921. 

Cameroon. Fig. 2.9. 

scharffiana Regel var. scharffiana, Gartenflora, 

37:127, 661, pl. 146, 1888. Brazil. Descriptione inchoata. 

scharffiana Regel var. minor Watson, Gard. 

Chron., 111, 6:388, 1889. Brazil. 

scharffiana J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., Vol. 114, pl. 

7028, 1888, sphalmate pro scharffii J.D. 

Hooker, 1888. 

scharffii J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., Vol. 114, pl. 

7028, 1888. Brazil: Santa Catarina? Fig. 

29.8. 

= aconitifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

haageana Watson, 1889. 

scheidweileri Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2:649, 

191 2, nonien superfluum pro muricata 

Scheidweiler, 184 1 .-Walpers, Repert. 

Bot. Syst., 2:209, 1843. 

= pentaphylla Walpers, 1843. 

schenckii Irmscher var. schenckii, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:81, 1953.-L.B. Smith & R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., l(Bego): 21, pl. 21, 

1971. Brazil. Fig. 32.20. 

schenckii Irnischer, var. calvescens Brade ex 

L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

1 (Bego):74, 197 1. Brazil. 

schimpffii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:604, 

1949.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Meni. New York Bot. Gard., 8:38, 1952. 

= holtonis A. de Candolle var. holtonis, 

1859. 

schizolepis Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 17, 1853.- 

Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 214, 1855; Begoniac., 94, 1855 

[= Gireoudia manicata Klotzsch, 18541.- 

Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):148, 1894. 

= manicata Brongniart var. manicata, 1842. 

schlechteri Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:93, 1904. 

schliebenii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 146, 

Cameroon. Fig. 2.10. 

196 1. Africa: Tanganyika. Fig. 23.6. 

schlumbergerana Lemaire, Ill. Hort., 5 

(Misc.):6 1, 1858 “schlumbergeriana.” Brazil. Fig. 10.1. 

schniidtiana Regel, Gartenfl., 28:321, pl. 990, 

1879; Acta Horti Petrop., 6:290, 1879; 

Descr. PI. Kov. & Minus Cognit., 7:290, 

1879. Brazil. Fig. 28.31. 

schmidtii Regel ex N., 1880. 

schmidtii Regel ex N., Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung, 

250, pls. 60,6 1, 1880.-Irmscher, Pareys 

Bluniengart., ed. 2:287, 1960. Brazil. 

= schniidtiana Regel, 1879. 

schottiana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 1 1: 140, 1859.--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 76:39, 1953. 

= parvifolia Schott, 1827. 

schubertiana Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 186, 

1959.-L.B. Smith 8c R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin., l(Bego):106, 1971. 

= per-dusenii Brade, 1952. 

schultzei Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):6 19, 192 1 .- 

emend. U‘ilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Kat. 

Belg., 39:88, 1969. Cameroon, Congo. 

Fig. 3.7. 

schulziana LIrban 8c Ekmari, Ark. Bot., 23A 

(5):96, 1930. M’est Indies: Haiti. Fig. 

24.13. 

sciadiophora L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 161:28, pl. 3, 1946. Guatemala. Fig. 3.47. 

sciaphila Gilg ex Engler var. sciaphila, Veg. Erde, 

9(3.2)616, 1921 .-emend. Wilczek, Bull. 

Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 39:94, 1969. Tropical M‘est Africa: Cameroon, Gabon. Fig. 

2 1.50. 

sciaphila Gilg ex Engler var. longipedunculata 

M’ilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:96, 1969. Gabon. 

scintillans Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform., 11 1, 1920. 

India: Himalaya. Fig. 26.9. 

scitifolia Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:541, 1939. China. Fig. 4.56. 

scortechinii King var. scortechinii, J. Asiat. SOC. 

Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 71:62, 1902. 

hlalaya. Fig. 13.13. 

scortechinii var. kunstlerana Ridley, J. Asiat. 
NUMBER 60 

Soc. Bengal, 71:63, 1922, non visus. Malaya. 

kunstlerana King, 1902. 

scutata Wallich, Sum. List, 129, no. 3686, pro 

parte, 1831, nomen nudum.-Wallich ex 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):328, 

1864.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:642, 1879.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40: 17, 1978.-Hara, Enum. FI. 

PI. Nepal, 2:182, 1979. 

= rubella Wallich, 183 1. 

scutata sensu Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 

3686A, 1831.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:639, 1879, nomen nudum, non Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

40:17, 19’78. 

= josephii A. de Candolle var. josephii, 

1859. 

scutellata Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 9, 1853.-Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

217, 1855; Begoniac., 97, 1855 [=Gireoudia conchijXia var. scutellata Klotzsch, 

1854].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

338, 1864. 

= conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, 

1851. 

scutifolia J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:572, 1871. Gabon. Fig. 2.16. 

scutulum J.D. Hooker in Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 

2:575, 187 1. Upper Guinea. Fig. 2.20. 

macropoda Gilg, 1904. 

hookeranu Gilg ex Engler, 1921, non 

secunda L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:240, pl. 2, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

9.7. 

seemanniana A. de Candolle var. seemanniana, 

Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:133, 1859. 

Central America: Costa Rica, Panama. 

Fig. 17.26. 

incarnata sensu Seemann, 1854, non 

chiriquina C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

seemanniana A. de Candolle var. longistipulaGardner, 1845. 

Link 8c Otto, 1829. 

23 1 

cea A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):332, 

1864. Mexico and Central America. 

segregata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Begonian, 

27:225, pl., 1960. Colombia, Ecuador. 

Fig. 3.19. 

selloi Loddiges ex Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 

1: 194, 1840, nomen nudum. 

selloii Link & Otto in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 

2:437, 1830, nomen nudum. 

sellovii hort. ex W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 56, 

pl. 2920, 1829, pro syn. semperflorens 

Link 8c Otto, 1828.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:354, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

sellowii Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 148, 1855; Begoniac., 28, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4( 1):342, 186 1 [= semperflorens var. 

sellowii A. de Candolle, 1861].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

sellowii hort. anglicis ex A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):342, 1861 [= semperflorens var. hookeri A. de Candolle, 

18611.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 

1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

senientacea hort., Begonian, 37: 199, pl., 1970. 

Brazil. Descriptione inchoata. 

semidigitata Brade, Rodriguesia, 18, pl. 4, 1945. 

Brazil. Fig. 4.6. 

semiovata Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 22, 1853.-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:77, pl. 

8, 1946. Mexico and Guiana to Peru. Fig. 

20.2 1. 

humilis var. glabrata Seemann, 1854. 

Jexuosa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

guyanensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

spruceana A. de Candolle, 1859. 

rosea A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Hoffmannella rosea Klotzsch ex A. de 

guyanensis var. glaberrima C. de Cansemperforens Link & Otto, Icon. PI. Rar., 1 :9, pl. 

Candolle, 1864. 

dolle, 1895. 
232 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5, 1828.-Loddiges, Bot. Cab., vol. 15, 

pl. 1439, 1829.-Graham, Edinburgh 

New Philos. J., 180, May 1829.-W.J. 

Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 56, pl. 2920, 

1829.-Reichenbach, Icon. Bot. Exot., 

3:12, pl. 231, 1830.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:340, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

semperflorens Link & Otto var. hookeri A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):342, 

1861; Prodr., 15(1):293, 1864.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50: 347, 1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

semperflorens Link & Otto var. sellowii A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):342, 

1861 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 

1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

semperflorens Link & Otto f. jlavescens C. de 

Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 3:405, 

1903.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 

1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

serafinensis Brade, Sellowia, 9:34, pl. 5: figs. 1- 

11, 1958.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 

11. Catarin., l(Bego):102, pl. 31, 1971. 

= subvillosa Klotzsch var. subvillosa, 1855. 

serafinensis Brade var. cerqueirae Brade, Sellowia, 9:36, pl. 5: figs. 12, 13, 1958.- 

L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., 

l(Bego):102, 1971. 

= subvillosa Klotzsch var. subvillosa, 1855. 

seretii De U’ildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 2:59, 

pl. 18, 1907, “sereti”; Ann. Mus. Congo, 

V., 3:450, 1912. 

= oxyloba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

sericoneura Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 13, 1853. Central 

America. Fig. 22.42. 

sericoneura sensu Seemann, 1854. 

Gireoudiafibrillosa Klotzsch, 1855. 

Gireoudia pilijera Klotzsch, 1855. 

Gireoudia sericoneura Klotzsch, 1855. 

lanuginosa A. de Candolle, 1859. 

pilijera A. de Candolle, 1864. 

biolleyi C. de Candolle, 1896. 

nicaraguensis Standley, 1929. 

hypolipara Sandwith, 193 1. 

lindleyana sensu L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, 1946, non Walpers, 1843. 

sericoneura sensu Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 

128, 1854.-A. de Candoile, Prodr., 15 

(1):337, 1864 [= pilijera A. de Candolle, 

1864].-K. Burt-Utley, Phytologia, 54: 

87, 1984. 

= sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

serotina A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1: 12 1, 1859. Ecuador. Fig. 2.28. 

serpens Merrill, Philipp, J. Sci., 14:427, 1919. 

Philippines. Fig. 26.7. 

serraticauda Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:51, pl. 4f,g, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

s19. 

serratijolia C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69( 12):7, 19 19.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 184, 1946. 

= guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth 

var. guaduensis, 1825. 

Obs.: e plantis cultis vidi fortasse species 

propria. J.G. 

serratipetala Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:339, 

1913. New Guinea. Fig. 6.4. 

serrulatoala C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:321, 1908.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:58, 1958. 

= oaxacana A. de Candolle var. oaxacana, 

1864. 

sessilanthera W’arburg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 22:34, 

1895. Tropical West Africa: Cameroon. 

Fig. 19.1 

sessilifolia J.D. Hooker in Oliver, F1. Trop. Afr., 

2:577, 1871. Tropical West Africa: Fernando Po. Fig. 2 1.5. 

setaria hort. anglices ex Graham, Ed. New Philos. 

J., 180, 1829.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):32, 342, 186 l, pro syn. 

semperflorens var. hookeri A. de Candolle, 

186 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 

1982. 

= cucullata Willdenow var. cucullata, 1805. 

setijera A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):338, 

parmata Irmscher, 1949. 
NUMBER 60 233 

1864.-K. Burt-Utley, Tulane Studies 

Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985.-L.B. Smith & 

D. C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54: 47 0, 

1984.-K. Burt-Utley, Britonnia, 36:35, 

1984 

= urophylla, W.J. Hooker, 1855. 

setifolia Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Haniburg, 10:549, 1939. China. Fig. 24.36. 

setosa Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. M'iss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

18.54, p. 151, 1855; Begoniac., 31, 

1 8.5.5.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, .52:446, 1983. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

setulosa Bertoloni, Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. 

Inst. Bononiensis, 4:437, 1840, non visus; 

FI. Guatemal., 37, 1840. Central Anierica: Guatemala. Sine figura. 

Gireoudia setulosa Klotzsch, 1855. 

seychellensis Hemsley, J. Bot., 54, suppl., 2: 15, 

1916 Seychelles. Fig. 33.2. Gelata in 

clave. 

A4. Kel-audren-AyIiionin, FI. Madagascar, 

144:98, pl. 31, 1983. 

= comorensis Warburg, 1895. 

shar-peana F. yon hlueller, Proc. Linn. SOC. New 

South Wales, 11, 2:420, pl. 7, 1888. New 

Guinea. Fig. 23.25. 

siamensis Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:278, 1919. Siam. Fig. 34.16. 

sibthorpioides Ridley var. sibthorpioides, J. Fed. 

Malay States Mus., 7:42, 1916. Malaya. 

(Fig. 10.1 1.) 

sibthorpioides Ridley var. grandiflora Craib, 

FI. Siam Enum., 1:779, 1931. Malaya. Fig. 

10.1 1. 

sikkimensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:134, 1859. India: Sikkim. Fig. 

4.41. 

silletensis (A. de Candolle) C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker-, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:636, 1879, "silhetensis." India. Fig. 23.14. 

gigantea sensu Wallich, 183 1. 

sine nomen, U'allich, no. 91 07, 1849. 

C'asparya? silletensis A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

simii Stapf, J. Linn. SOC., 37:104, 1905.-Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. Afr., 

ed. 2, 1:219, 1954. 

= macrocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

similis Brade, Bol. Mus. Rio de Janeiro, Bot., 

1 : 1 1, pl. 2, 1944.--Irmscher, Pareys Bluniengartnerei, ed. 2:75, 1960. 

= pulchella Raddi, 1820. 

simonsii hort. ex Herincq, Horticulteur Franc., 

8:69, 1858, noinen nuduni. 

siniulans Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor, 

24:52, pl. 5e-i, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

21.17. 

simulans Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:65, 

1953, non Merrill & Perry, 1943.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

52:446, 1983. 

= larorum L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1983. 

sinensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:125, 1859.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:638, 1879 [= 

evansiana Andrews, 19 1 11.-Irmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:494, 

1939. 

= grandis subsp. sinensis Irmscher, 1939. 

sinensis A. de Candolle var. haemaloneura 

Franch ex Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. 

hat. (Paris), 25:283, 1919 [= evansiana 

hort.1.-Irmscher in Handel-Mazzetti, 

Sym. Sin., 7:388, 1931 [= evansiana Andrew, 18 1 11.-Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 1939. 

sinensis A. de Candolle var. puberula sensu F.A. 

Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, 

ed. 2:119, 1974, sphalmate pro grandis 

ssp. sinensis var. puberula Irnischer, 1939. 

sinensis sensu Henry in Trans. Asiat. SOC. Form., 

24:46, 1896, non visus, non A. de Candolle, 1859.-Liu & Lai, FI. Taiwan, 

3:795, 1977. 

= formosana Masamune vat-. formosana, 

1971. 

sinensis sensu J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 125, 

pl. 7673, 1899.--Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:498, 1939. 
234 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

= grandis subsp. holostyla Irmscher, 1939. 

sinuata Wallich, Num. List, 129, no. 3680, 1831, 

nonien nudum.-Wallich ex Meisner var. 

sinuata, Ber. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. 

Basel, 2:42, 1836.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):354, 1864.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:650, 

1879.-Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinb., 32:273, 1973. Malay Peninsula, 

Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Fig. 3.40. 

guttata Wallich, no. 3671B, 1831, non 

Wallich ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

elongata Wallich, 1832. 

subrotunda Wallich, 1832. 

Diploclinium biloculare Wight, 1852. 

bilocularis Craib, 193 I. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. clivalis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:144, pl. 8, 1929. Malaya. 

clivalis Ridley, 19 10, pro parte. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. etamensis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8: 142, 1929. Malaya. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. helferi 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8: 14 1, 1929. Burma, Andamans. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. langkawiensis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8:142, 1929. Siani. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. longialata 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8: 14 1, 1929. Siam. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. malaccensis 

Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8: 143, 1929. Malaya. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. monophylloides Irnischer, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 8: 143, 1929. Malaya. 

sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. penangensis 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

8: 142, 1929. Malaya. 

sinuata E. Meyer ex Otto 8c Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 4:357, 1836, non Wallich ex 

Meisner, 1836.-Meisner, Linnaea, 14: 

501, “1840,” 1841 [= caffra Meisner, 

18411.-Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 32:274, 1973. 

= homonynia Steudel, 1840. 

sinuata Graham, Bot. Mag., vol. 66, pl. 3731, 

1839, non Wallich ex Meisner, 1836.- 

Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1:194, 1840. 

= homonyma Steudel, 1840. 

sleumeri L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 45: 114, pl. ln,s, 1955. Argentina. Fig. 10.5. 

smilacina A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:137, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 14.22. 

sniithiae Geddes, Bull. Misc. Inform., 239, 1928, 

non visus. Siam. Fig. 29.10. 

smithiana Yu ex Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. 

Edinburgh, 2 1 :44, 1951. China. Fig. 5.28. 

snitcheri hort., Horticulture, 25, 7:549, 1929, 

non visus.-Buxton Check List Begonias, 

222, 1957. 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 

1868. 

socia Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 417, 1930. 

Siam. Fig. 29.35. 

socotrana J.D. Hooker, Gard. Chron., p. 8, pl. 1, 

1881; Bot. Mag. vol. 107, pl. 6555, 1881. 

Socotra. Fig. 3.13, icon. 

sodiroi C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:323, 1908. Ecuador. Fig. 3.33. 

sogerensis Ridley, J. Bot., 52:289, 1914. New 

Guinea. Fig. 27.21. 

solananthera A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:128, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 9.13. 

solitudinis Brade, Sellowia, 9:29, pl. 2: fig. 1, 

1958. Brazil. Fig. 29.29. 

soluta Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 418, 1930. 

Siani. Fig. 23.4. 

somervillei Hemsley, Bull. Misc. Inform., 17, 

1896. British Solomon Islands. Fig. 20.13. 

sonderana Irmscher. Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 156, 

pl. 7: figs. 1, 2, 1961, “sonderianu”.- 

Hilliard in Ross, F1. South. Afr., 22:137, 

pl. 44: fig. 3, pl. 45: fig. 3, 1976. South 

Africa. Fig. 4.1 1. 

caffra sensu J.B. Davy, 1926. 

dregei sensu J.B. Davy, 1926. 

sonderana var. transgrediens Irmscher, 

1961. 
NUMBER 60 

sonderana Irmscher var. transgrediens 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 160, 

1961.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 

22:137, 1976. 

= sonderana Irmscher, 196 1. 

sootepensis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 57, 19 1 1 ; 

Aberd. Univ. Stud., 47:96, 1912. 

= yunnanensis var. sootepensis Craib, 191 2. 

sootepensis Craib, var. thorelii Gagnepain in Lecomte, FI. Indo-Chine, 2: 1 104, 192 1 .-J. 

Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:499, 1984. 

= yunnanensis var. thorelii J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

sordidissima Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7:2557, 

191 5.-Merrill, Enum. Philipp. FI. PI., 

3:125, 1923. 

= mindorensis Merrill, 19 12. 

soror Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:71, 1953. 

Peru. Fig. 5.5. 

sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merrill, Enum. Philipp. 

F1. PI., 3:121, 1923. Philippines. Fig. 

18.17. Gelata in clave. 

Pro syn. contracta Warburg.-Elmer, 

Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 10:3708, 1939, nomen i 11 egi t in1 u ni . 

= contracta Warburg, 1904. 

spadiciflora L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:97, pl. 11, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 

3.32. 

sparreana L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:245, pl. 8, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

23.33. 

sparsipila Baker in Saunders, Refug. Bot., pl. 

340, 1873. Central America! Fig. 3.1 

spathulata Hornemann, Hort. Bot. Hafn. Suppl., 

162, 18 19.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

50:349, 1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

spathulata Willdenow ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 

ed. 16, 2:625, 1825.-Walpers, Repert. 

Bot. Syst., 2:214, 1843. 

= cuneata Walpers, 1843. 

spatulata Loddiges, Bot. Cab., 2, pl. 107, 

18 18.-Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, 

235 

pro “spathulata” Haworth, 18 I9 [= cucullata Willdenow, 1805].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 50:347, 1982. 

= cucullata var. spatulata J. Golding, 1982. 

speciosa hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Ann. Sci. Nat. 

Bot., IV, 6:350, 1856, pro syn. obliqua 

I’Heritier, 1788.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:10, 1911. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

speciosa hort. Van Houtte ex A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):293, 1864 [= nitida Dryander in Aiton, 17891.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Synib. Antil., 7:10, 1911. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

speluncae Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. 

SOC., 46:258, 1906. Borneo. Fig. S2. 

sphenocarpa Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:369, 

19 13. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 28.1. 

spicata Houghton ex Standley & Calderon, Lista 

Prelim. PI. Salvad., 157, 1925, nomen 

nudum. 

spilotophylla F. von Mueller, Not. Papuan PI., 

4:67, 1876. New Guinea. Fig. 21.18. 

spilotophylla sensu Schumann 8c Lauterbach, FI. 

Schutzeb. Sudsee, 457, 1901, non F. von 

Mueller, 1876.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 50:345, 1913. 

= kerstingii Irmscher, 19 13. 

spinibarbis Irmscher, Webbia, 12:503, pl. 12, 

1957. Brazil. Fig. 16.4. 

splendens hort. Boissier ex A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):377, 1861, pro 

syn. fruticosa A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

splendens hort. Turicensis ex A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):375, 1864, pro syn. putzeysiana A. de Candolle, 1859.-L.B. Smith 

XS B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 192, 1946. 

= foliosa var. putzeysiana L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 

splendida hort. Rollisson ex Henderson, Ill. Bouquet, 1, sub. pl. 11, 1857-1859.- 

Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung., 15: 182, 1857, 

pro syn. Sphenanthera robusta Klotzsch, 

1857.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

275, 1864 [= Casparya robusta A. de Candolle, 1864].-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. 
236 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Java, 2:646, 19 12. 

= robusta Blume var. robusta, 1827. 

spraguei C. Weber, Baileya, 16: 126, 1968.-Wilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 30, 

1969. 

= niannii W.J. Hooker, 1864. 

spruceana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:142, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:78, 1946. 

= semiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

squamipes Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:82, 

1953.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, F1. 11. 

Catarin., 1(Bego):80, pl. 24, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 24.18. 

squaniosa C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:315, 1908. Central America: Costa 

Rica. Fig. 22.30. Gelata in clave. 

K. Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 36:234, 1984. 

= urophylla W.T. Hooker, 1855. 

squarnulosa J.D. Hooker var. squamulosa in 

Oliver, FI. Trop. Afr., 2:579, 1871. West 

Africa. Fig. 13.17. 

macrura Gilg, 1904. 

longipetiolata Gilg, 1905. 

squamulosa J.D. Hooker var. bipindensis (Gilg 

ex Engler) N. Hall;, Adansonia, 11, 

12:365, pl. 4: fig. 1, 1972. Cameroon. 

bipindensis Gilg ex Engler, 192 1. 

squamulosa auct. ex Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. 

Belg., 39:84, 1969, non J.D. Hooker, 

187 1 ; pro syn. gladiifolia Engler, 192 1. 

squarrosa Liebmann, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. 

Kjobenhavn 1852, p. 7, 1853. Mexico. 

Fig. 22.28. 

Gireoudia squarrosa Klotzsch, 1854. 

hepatica-maculata hort. ex Ziesenhenne, 

squarrosa sensu Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 128, 

1853, non Liebmann, 1853.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):343, 1864 [= stigmosa Lindley, 1845].-K. Burt-Utley, 

Brittonia, 36:234, 1984. 

1952. 

= urophylla W.J. Hooker, 1855. 

standleyi Houghton ex Standley & Calderon, 

Lista Prelim. PI. Salvad., 157, 1925, nomen nudum. 

staudtii Gilg var. staudtii, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

34:90, 1904. Cameroon. Fig. 2.8. 

staudtii Gilg var. dispersipilosa Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:214, 1954. Nigeria. 

stelzneri (Klot.zsch) Warburg in Engler & Prantl, 

Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):141, 1894. Ceylon. Sine figura. 

Reichenheimia stelzneri Klotzsch, 1856. 

stenocardia L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:188, pl. 15, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 

20.44. 

stenolepis L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., l(Bego):43, pl. 13, 1971. Brazil. 

Fig. 29.12. 

stenophylla A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:137, 1859; in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):361, pl. 95: fig. 1, 1861. Brazil. Fig. 

15.5. 

stenoptera C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69( 12):2, 19 19.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 177, 1961. 

= oaxacana var. stenoptera L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 196 1. 

stenotepala L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field 

Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:200, 1941. 

Peru. Fig. 30.11, 

steyermarkii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:110, pl. la-h, 1955. 

Venezuela. Fig. 27.29. 

stictopoda Miquel, F1. Ned. Ind., 1.1 : 1092, 1858, 

pro syn. Mitscherlichia stictipoda Miquel, 

1858. 

stictopoda (Miquel) A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):39 1, 1864. Sumatra. Descriptione 

i nchoa ta. 

Mitscherlichia stictopoda Miquel, 1858. 

stigmosa Lindley, Edward’s Bot. Reg., 31 (Misc. 

32), 1845.-K. Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 

36:234, 1984. Mexico. Fig. 22.32. 

Gireoudia stigmosa Klotzsch, 1854. 

mexiae Standley, 1929. 

stilandra Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:52, pl. 5a-d, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

30.36. 

stipulacea Willdenow, Sp. PI., 4:414, 1805. Origin unknown. Fig. 32.30. 

disticha Link, 1822. 

stipularis Sprengel in Schrader, J. Bot., 2:195, 
NUMBER 60 

180 1. Brazil. Sine figura. 

stolzii Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 174, 196 1. 

Africa: Tanganyika. Fig. 30.21. 

strachwitzii Warburg ex Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 50:357, 1913. Indonesia: Celebes. 

Fig. 25.14. 

strictinervis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:365, 

1913. New Guinea. Fig. 18.12. 

strictipetiolaris Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:348, 191 3. Indonesia: Celebes. Fig. 

28.13. 

strigillosa Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz., 19:330, 185 1. 

Mexico, Central America. Fig. 22.27. 

Gireoudia strigillosa Klotzsch, 1854. 

daedalea Lemaire, 186 1. 

barbana C. de Candolle, 1896. 

tinctoria L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

strigulosa A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):399, 

1864.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2: 

645, 19 12. Java. Descriptione inchoata. 

1939. 

Gurltia strigulosa Hasskarl, 1858. 

suaveolens Loddiges, Bot. Cab., vol. 1, pl. 69, 

18 17.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:19, 191 1. 

= odorata Willdenow, 18 13. 

suaveolens F. Hamilton in D. Don, Prodr. FI. 

Nepal., 54, 1825, non Loddiges, 181 7.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban. Symb. Antil., 7: 17, 

191 1 [= purpurea Swartz, 17881.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. U‘asshausen, Phytologia, 

52:445, 1983. 

= jamaicensis A. de Candolle, 1859. 

suaveolens sensu Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 146, 1855; Begoniac., 26, 1853, non Loddiges, 1817.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):293, 1864 [= 

nitida Dryander in Aiton, 17891.-O.E. 

Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:10, 

191 1. 

= minor Jacquin, 1787. 

suaveolens sensu A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15 

(1):294, 1864, non Loddiges, 181 7.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:19, 

19 1 1, quoad plant Monac. 

= dominicalis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

subacida Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 183, 

237 

1959. Brazil. Fig. 9.5. 

acida Martius ex A. de Candolle, 186 1, 

subacuto-data De Wildeman, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Etat., 5:52, 1915.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 81:120, 1961 [= princeae var. princeae f. vulgata Irmscher, 1961].-WiIczek, F1. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 44, 

1969. 

non Vellozo, 1831. 

= princeae Gilg var. princeae, 190 1. 

subalpestris A. Chevalier, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

58(Mem. 8d):173, “191 1.” 1912.-Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):619, 1921. 

= molleri Warburg, 1894. 

Obs.: e plantis cultis vidi fortasse species 

propria. J. G. 

subcaudata Rusby ex L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 33(87):81, 

1944. Bolivia. Fig. 30.51. 

subciliata A. de Candolle var. subciliata, Ann. 

Sci. hat. Bot., IV, 11:132, 1839.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field. Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:188, 1941.--Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:586, 1949. 

Peru. Sine figura. 

ciliata Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 1864, 

non Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, 

1825. 

cyathophora sensu L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 194 1. 

subciliata var. eusubciliata Irmscher, 

1949. 

subciliata A. de Candolle var. eusubciliata 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:587, 1949. 

Peru. 

= subciliata A. de Candolle var. subciliata, 

1859. 

subciliata A. de Candolle var. persicina 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:588, 1949. 

Peru. 

subcostata Rusby, Descript. New Spec. S. Amer. 

PI., 67, 1920.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:79, pl. 8, 1946. Colombia. 

Fig. 27.10. 

subcucullata C. de Candolle var. subcucullata, 

Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 3:404, 1903.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 
238 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5:106, 1941. 

= cucullata var. arenosicola L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 194 1. 

subcucullata var. arenosicola C. de Candolle, 

Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 3:404, 1903.- 

L.B. Smith and B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:106, 1941. 

= cucullata var. arenosicola L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 1941. 

subcyclophylla Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:374, 1913. New Guinea. Fig. 26.2. 

subelliptica Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:57, pl. 7c-e, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

21.19. 

subfalcata De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

2:323, 1908; Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 3:451, 

1912. 

= cilio-bracteata Warburg, 1895. 

subhumilis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:124, 1859.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:238, 1979. 

= humilis Dryander var. humilis, 1789. 

sublobata Jack, Malay. Misc., 2(7): 10, 1822. Indonesia: Sumatra. Sine figura. 

Diploclinium sublobatum Miquel, 1856. 

subnummularifolia Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 

29:403, 1926. Borneo. Fig. 9.3. 

suborbiculata Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:398, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 26.23. 

subovata Wallich, Num. List., 129, no. 3683, 

1831, nomen nudum.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:642, 

1879.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40: 15, 

1978. 

= ovatifolia A. de Candolle var. ovatifolia, 

1859. 

subpeltata Wight, Icones, 5:9, pl. 1812, 1852. 

India. Fig. 23.20. 

Reichenheimia subpeltata Klotzsch, 

subpeltata hort. ex Regel, Gartenflora, 15:358, 

1866, non Wight, 1852.-Irmscher, Pareys Blumengartnerei, ed. 2:89, 1960. 

= incarnata Link & Otto var. incarnata, 

1829. 

subpeltata nigricans hort. ex L.H. Bailey, Gentes 

Herb., 1:127, 1923, pro syn. nigricans 

1855. 

hort. ex L.H. Bailey, 1923. 

subpeltata var. rubra hort. ex Irmscher, Pareys 

Blumengartnerei, ed. 2:89, 1960, “subpeltata ‘Rubra.”’ 

= incarnata ‘Purpurascens’ Regel, 1866. 

subperfoliata Parish ex Kurz, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, 42(2):81, 1873. Burma. Fig. 2.35. 

subprostrata Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 26:482, 

1925. Philippines. Fig. 14.39. 

subrectangula Rusby, Phytologia, 1 :67, 1934.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista 

Univ. (Cuzco), 33(87):82, 1944. 

= juntasensis Kuntze, 1898. 

subrotunda Wallich, Num. List, 213, no. 6293, 

1832, nomen nudum.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:650, 

1879.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40: 19, 

1978. 

= sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. sinuata, 

1836. 

subscutata De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

2:322, 1908. Tropical Africa. Fig. 3.6. 

latipetiolata Irmscher, 192 1. 

subspinulosd Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:592, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 33.9. 

subtilis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 185, 

196 1. West Africa: Cameroon. Fig. 8.9. 

subtruncata Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:390, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 27.22. 

subvillosa Klotzsch var. subvillosa, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 152, 1855; 

Begoniac., 32, 1855.-L.B. Smith & R.C. 

Smith, FI. 11. Catarin., l(Bego):102, pl. 

31, 1971. Brazil. Fig. 27.37. 

heineri Brade, 1952. 

serafinensis Brade, 1958. 

serafinensis var. cerqueirae Brade, 1858. 

subvillosa Klotzsch var. leptotricha (C. de Candolle) L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. Paraguay. 

leptotricha C. de Candolle, 19 14. 

subviridis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform., 41 8, 1930. 

Siam. Sine figura. 

sucrensis L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: 

Bot., 28:418, pl. 90, 1952.-L.B. Smith, 

Phytologia, 27:218, pl. 9, 1973. 

= dichotoma Jacquin, 1790. 
NUMBER 60 

sudjanae Jansson, Acta Horti Gotob., 26: 1, pls. 

1, 2, 1963. Sumatra. Fig. 2.38. 

suffrutescens Merrill 8c Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:49, pi. 4c-e, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

18.37. 

suffruticosa Meisner, Linnea, 14502, 1840. 

South Africa: Natal. Fig. 5.13. Gelata in 

clave. 

Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 22:142, 

1976. 

= dregei Otto 8c Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

suffruticosa Meisner var. gueinziana A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):385, 1864.- 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:177, 1961 

[= gueinziana Irnischer, 1861].-Hilliard 

in Ross, FI. South Afr., 22:141, 1976. 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 1868. 

suffruticosa Meisner f. bolusii Irnischer, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:188, pl. 6: fig. 2, 1961.- 

Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 22:142, 

1976. 

= dregei Otto 8c Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

suffruticosa Meisner f. worsdellii Irmscher, 

1861.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 

22:142, 1976. 

= dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

suffruticosa Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

13(1):31 1, 1864, non Meisner, 1840; pro 

syn. boissieri A. de Candolle, 1864. 

sulcata Scheidweiler in Otto 8c Dietrich, Allg. 

Gartenzeitung, 16: 130, 1848.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):288, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:87, pl. 

9, 1946.-L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 

27:213, 1973. 

= dichotoma Jacquin, 1790. 

surnmoglabra Yu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., 

sunorchis C. Chevalier, Begonias, 363, 1938. 

meyeri W.J. Hooker, 1844, non Otto & 

Rachia meyeri Klotzsch, 1855. 

suprafastigiata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

74:590, 1949. Peru. Fig. 33.1 1. 

surculigera Kurr, Flora, 54:296, 187 1. Burma. 

n.s., 1 : 1 17, 1948. China. Sine figura. 

Tropical America. (Fig. 2.43.) 

Dietrich, 1836. Fig. 2.43, icon. 

239 

Fig. 11.11. 

sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 94, pl. 5689, 1868, “suther1andi.”-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

8 1 : 162, 196 1 .-Hilliard in Ross, FI. 

South. Afr., 22:140, pl. 45: fig. 1, 1976. 

South Africa. Fig. 28.48, icon. 

suffruticosa var. gueinziana A. de Cansnitcheri hort., 1929. 

buttonii Irnischer, 1961. 

dissecta Irmscher, 196 1. 

gueinziana Irmscher, 196 1. 

sutherlandii var. latior Irmscher f. latior, 

sutherlandii var. latior f. densiserrata 

sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. minuscula 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:170, pl. 

10: fig. 1, 196 1. South Africa. 

sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. latior Irmscher f. 

latior, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 813165, pl. 9: fig. 

1, 1961.-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. 

Afr., 22:141, 1976. 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 1868. 

sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. latior f. densiserrata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 169, 

pl. 9: fig. 2, 1961.-Wilczek, FI. Congo, 

Rwanda, Burundi, 50, 1969. 

= sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. sutherlandii, 1868. 

sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. rubrifolia 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1: 169, 196 1. 

South Africa. 

sutherlandii J.D. Hooker var. subcuneata 

Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:164, pl. 8: 

fig. 2, 196 1. South Africa. 

sychnantha L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:469, 1984. Sumatra. Fig. 3 1.1. 

polyantha Ridley, 1917, non H. Levsylvatica Meisner ex A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. 

Nat. Bot., IL’, 11:138, 1859. Brazil. Fig. 

30.6. 

dolle, 1864. 

1961. 

Irmscher, 1961. 

eille, 1916. 

canaliculata Brade, 1950. 

sylvestris A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 
240 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1 1 : 140, 1859.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:470, 1984. 

= arborescens Raddi, 1820. 

synipodialis Irmscher, Webbia, 9:495, pl. 6, 

1953. Borneo. Fig. 17.9. 

syphillitica Sesse & Mocino, PI. Nov. Hisp., 162, 

1890, "syphilitics".-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb., 154:27, 

194 1 [= monoptera Link & Otto, 18281.- 

C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 50:9, 1983. 

= balmisiana Balmis var. balmisiana, 1794. 

tacanana Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 38:80-84, pl., 

197 1, “tacana.” Mexico. Fig. 22.17. 

tafaensis Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:55, pl. 6d-f, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

s33. 

tafiensis Lillo, Prim. Reun. Nac. SOC. Argent. 

Cien. Nat. Tucuman 1916, p. 224, 

19 19.-emend. Descole, O’Donell & 

Lourteig, Lilloa, 4: 46. pl. 6, 1939.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Darwiniana, 5:99, 

pl. 10, 1941. Argentina. Fig. 28.6. 

taiwaniana Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 30:125, 191 1. China: Taiwan. Fig. 

20.39. 

taliensis Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:279, 1919. China. Fig. 4.38. 

tampinica Burkill ex Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. 

Bot. Hamburg, 8: 130, 1929. Malaya. Fig. 

14.6. 

tanacetifolia hort. ex Graham, Edinburgh New 

Philos. J., 182, 1833 [= radiata Graham, 

1833].-Link & Otto, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 44:348, 1836. 

= heracleifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

var. heracleifolia, 1830. 

tanala Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

111, 47:82, 1972.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 144:87, pl. 27: 

figs. 1-6, 1983. Madagascar. Fig. 16.31. 

tascellezii hort., Hort. Franc., 13: 123, 1863, non 

visus. 

tatoniana Wilczek, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:89, pl. 1, 1969. Congo, Uganda. Fig. 

14.9. 

tawaensis Merrill, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 

15:211, 1929. Borneo. Fig. 27.40. 

tayabensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 13:38, 1918. 

Philippines. Fig. 2.32. 

tayloriae Standley ex herb. F.A. Barkley, 1969, 

ined.-Standley ex F.A. Barkley 8c J. 

Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 127, 

1974. 

= uniflora S. Watson, 1890. 

tayloriana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 122, 

1961. East Africa: Tanganyika. Fig. 5.33. 

telfariae W.J. Hooker ex Steudel, Nom., ed. 2, 

1 : 194, 1840, non Begonia sphalmate pro 

Bignonia telfairiae W.J. Hooker. 

tenella D. Don Prodr. FI. Nepal, 223, 1825.-H. 

Hara in H. Ohashi, FI. E. Himalaya, 3:85, 

1975. 

= dioica F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 1825. 

tenera Dryander, Trans. Linn. SOC., 1:169, pl. 

Falkea tenera Koenig ex Dryander, 

thwaitesii W.J. Hooker, 1853. 

Reichenheimia thwaitesii Klotzsch, 1855. 

zeylanica Van Houtte ex Klotzsch, 1856. 

Reichenheimia zeylanica Klotzsch, 1856. 

rupestris Moon ex Trimen, 1894. 

tenericaulis Ridley, Bull. Misc. Inform., 83.1925. 

Indonesia: Sumatra. Fig. 30.16. 

tenuicaulis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:120, 1859. Bolivia. Fig. 8.32. 

tenuicaulis Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:543, 1939, non A. de Candolle, 

1859; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:100, 1953. 

16, 1791. Ceylon. Fig. 23.23. 

179 1, nomen in syn. 

= discrepans Irmscher, 1953. 

tenuifolia Dryander, Trans. Linn. SOC., 1: 162, 

pl. 14: fig. 4, 1791. Java. Fig. 28.14. 

Platycentrum tenuqolium Miquel, 1856. 

uarians A. de Candolle, 1859. 

lineata N. E. Brown, 1882. 

tenuipila C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:3 15, 1908.-K. Burt-Utley, Tulane 

Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:470, 1984. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 
NUMBER 60 24 1 

tenuipila C. de Candolle var. kennedyi Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 44: 100, 1977.-Fide 

K. Burt-Utley, Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 

25(1), 1985. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

tessaricarpa C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. 

Ind., 2:636, 1879. India: Assam. Fig. 

8.45. 

tetragona Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:515, 1939. China. Fig. 20.1 1. 

tetrandra Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:626, pl. 

7, 1949. Peru, Ecuador. Fig. 18.29. 

teuscheri Linden ex Andre var. teuscheri, Ill. 

Hort., 26: 137, pl. 358, 1879. Netherland 

Indies. Descriptione inchoata. 

teuscheri Linden ex Andre var. maculata Linden, Ill. Cat., 112:11, 1883, nomen nudurn. 

teuscheri Linden ex Andre var. punctata Linden, Ill. Cat., 112:11, 1883, nomen nudum. 

teusziana J. Braun & K. Schumacher, Mitth. Forschungsreisenden Gel. Deutsch. Schutzgeb., 2:168, 1889.-EngIer, Veg. Erde, 

9(3.2):614, 1921, “teuscziana,” errore typographico [= poculifera J.D. Hooker, 

18711.-J.J. De Wilde and J. Arends, 

Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 80-19:404, 1980. 

= poculifera var. teusziana De Wilde, 1980. 

teysmanniana Miquel, F1. Ned. Ind., 1.1 : 1092, 

1858, pro syn. Platycentrum teysmannianum Miquel, 1858.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):276, 1864 [= Casparya teysmanniana A. de Candolle, 18641.-Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):146, 1894. 

= teysmanniana Warburg, 1894. 

teysmanniana (Miquel) Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. Indonesia: Sumatra. Sine figura. 

Platycentrum teysmannianum Miquel, 

teysmanniana Miquel, 1858, pro syn. 

Casparya teysmanniana A. de Candolle, 

1858. 

1864. 

thaipingensis King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, pt. 2, 

Nat. Hist., 7 1 :61, 1902. Malaya. Fig. 9.1. 

thelmae L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Begonian, 49: 114, 198 1. Brazil. Fig. 19.2. 

thermarum L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 40:244, pl. lt-v, 1950.-B.G. 

Schubert in manuscriptum ined.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:470, 1984. 

= extensa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

1946. 

thiemei C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:542, 1895. 

Central America: Honduras. Fig. 5.1. 

macdougallii Ziesenhenne, 1947. 

thomeana C. de Candolle, Bol. Soc. Brot., 

10; 123, 1892. West Africa: Cameroon, 

Sao Tome. Descriptione inchoata. 

thomsonii A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 11:135, 1859. India: Khasia. Fig. 

28.3. 

thwaitesii W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 79, PI. 

4692, 1853.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, F1. Brit. Ind., 2:652, 1879. 

= tenera Dryander, 179 1. 

thyrsoidea Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74% 10, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 28.8. 

tiliifolia C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:324, 1908, “tiliaefolia”.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:99, pl. 12, 

1946. Colombia, Ecuador. Fig. 12.1. 

timorensis J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:493, 1984. Timor. 

aptera Decaisne, 1834, non Blume, 

1827, non Roxburgh, 1832. 

Diploclinium timorense Miquel, 1856. 

decaisneana Gagnepain, 19 19. 

tinctoria L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. 

Gray Herb., 127:29, 1939.-K. BurtUtley, Tulane Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 

1985.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:470, 1984. 

= strigillosa A. Dietrich, 185 1. 

tiomanensis Ridley, Bull. Misc. Inform., 73, 

1928. Malaya. Fig. 8.17. 

togoensis Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:88, 1904.- 

Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. 

Afr., ed. 2, 1:218, 1954. 
242 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

= oxyloba Welwitsch ex J.D. Hooker, 187 1. 

toledana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. toledana, Caldasia, 4:26, pl. 5, 1946. Venezuela, Colombia. Fig. 2 1.29. 

toledana L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. erubescens L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:28, 1946. Colombia. 

toledoana Handro, Loefgrenia, 39:3, 1969.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. Brazil. Sine figura. 

tomentosa Schott var. tomentosa in Sprengel, 

Syst. Veg., 4( l)(App.):408, 1827. Brazil. 

Fig. 29.33. 

vaginans Vellozo, 183 1. 

Gurltia tomentosa Klotzsch, 1855. 

tomentosa Schott var. eriocaulis A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):376, 1861. 

Brazil. 

meyeri Otto & Dietrich, 1836. 

eriocaulis Visiani, 1842. 

Gurltia meyeri Klotzsch, 1854. 

tomentosa hort. Kew ex A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):376, 1861, non Schott, 

1827; pro syn. rigida Regel, 1854. 

tominana J. Golding, Phytologia, 47:295, 198 1. 

Bolivia. Fig. 7.14. 

coriacea A. de Candolle, 1859, non Hastonduzii C. de Candolle, Bull. SOC. Roy. Bot. 

Belgique, 35:264, 1896. Costa Rica. Fig. 

20.20. 

skarl, 1844. 

allenii Standley, 1938. 

tonkinensis Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

(Paris), 25:280, 19 19. Indochina. Fig. 

24.35. 

torresii Standley, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 17:313, 

1927.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 1791. 

Costa Rica. 

torricellensis Warburg in Schumann & Lauterbach, Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee, 321, 1905. New Guinea. Fig. 19.27. 

tovarensis Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 151, 1855; Begoniac., 31, 

1955.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:88, pl. 10, 1946; J. Wash. Acad. 

Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula Haworth 

18 191.-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:23, 1953 [= fischeri var. tovarensis 

Irmscher, 19531.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:470, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

tovarensis Klotzsch var. ocanensis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):303, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:89, 

1946 [= tovarensis Klotzsch, 18551; Ann. 

Missouri Bot. Gard., 45:57, 1958 [=fischeri var. tovarensis Irmscher, 19531.- 

L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:470, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

tovarensis Klotzsch var. palustris (Bentham) 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:89, pl. 10, 1946.--Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, pl. 1: fig. 7, 1953. 

= fischeri var. palustris Irmscher, 1953. 

tovarensis Moritz ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 151, 1855; 

Begoniac., 31, 1855, pro syn. moritziana 

Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):303, 1864 [= tovarensis Klotzsch, 

18551.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:245, 1950 [= patula 

Haworth 18191; Ann. Missouri Bot. 

Gard., 45:57, 1958 [=fischeri var. tovarensis Irmscher, 19531.-L.B. Smith and 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:470, 

1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

trachyptera Bentham, PI. Hartw., 184, 1845.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):274, 1864 

[= Casparya trachyptera A. de Candolle, 

1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:33, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

trapa L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert var. trapa, 

Contr. Gray Herb., 154:26, 1945. Venezuela. Fig. 29.21 (Fig. 20.43, icon). 

gehrigeri L.B. Smith, 1973. Fig. 20.3, 

trapa L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert var. pilosa 

icon. 
NUMBER 60 243 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 56:16, 1984. 

trianae (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Sat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. Colombia. Fig. 27.3. 

Casparya trianae A. de Candolle, 1859. 

tribenensis Rao, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. SOC., 

65:724, pi., “1968,” 1969. Sepal. Sine 

figura. 

tribracteata Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:589, 

1949. Peru. Fig. 33.1. 

trichocarpa Dalzell in W.J. Hooker, J. Bot. Kew 

Card., Misc., 3:230, 1851. India. Fig. 

11.12. 

trichochila Warburg in Perkins, Fragm. Flor. 

Philipp., 53, 1904. Philippines. Fig. 9.23. 

trichopoda Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:1093, 

18.58; F1. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv., 333, 

186 1 [= ,\lztscherlichia trichopoda Miquel, 

186 11.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

386, 1864, nonien legitinium. Indonesia: Sumatra. Sine figura. 

trichosepala C:. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:542, 

189.5. Central America: Guatemala. Fig. 

Sll. 

erythrotricha C. de Candolle, 1908. 

Branch, 75:35, 1917. Malaya. Fig. 20.8. 

tricornis Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. Straits 

roxburghii Ridley, 1909, non A. de Cantricuspidata C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. 

Ind., 2:637, 1879. Burma. Fig. 7.22. 

triflora Irmscher var. triflora, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

57:245, 1921.-N. Hall;e Adansonia, 11, 

7:509, pl. 1: figs. 1-1 1, 1967. Gabon. Fig. 

3.10. 

triflora Irnischer var. caloskiadia S. Halle, 

Adansonia, 11, 7:509, pl. 1: figs. 12-14, 

1967. Gabon. 

trigonocarpa Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:38, 1917. Sumatra Fig. 28.1 1. 

trigonoptera Sprague, Bull. hlisc. Inform., 218, 

1921. Guatemala. Fig. 5.10. Gelata in 

clave. 

Fide K. Burt-Utley, Tulane Studies Zool. 

Bot., 25(1), 1985. 

= heracleifolia Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

dolle, 1864. 

var. heracleifolia, 1830. 

triloba C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:322, 1908.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card., 45:62, 

1958. 

= heydei C. de Candolle, 1908. 

triradiata C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. 

Ind., 2:637, 1879. Burma. Fig. 11.7. 

triramosa Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:613, 

1949. Ecuador. Fig. 4.13. 

trispathulata (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler 

& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):46, 

1894. Colombia, Venezuela. Fig. 30.4 1. 

Casparya trispathulata A. de Candolle, 

trisulcata (A. de Candolle) Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 142, 

1894. Java. Fig. 27.25. 

Casparya trisulcata A. de Candolle, 

tropaeolifolia A. de Candolle var. tropaeolifolia, 

Ann. Sci. Sat. Bot., IV, 11:120, 1859,- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:97, pl. 11, 1946. Ecuador, Colombia. 

Fig. 3.34. 

tropaeolifolia A. de Candolle var. puberula 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Lloydia, 

13:87, 1950. Ecuador. 

trujillensis L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 25:418, 1973. 

Venezuela. Fig. 3.35. 

trullifolia Guillauniin, Bull. Mus. Hist. (Paris), 

29:543, 1923, “trullaefolia.” Madagascar. 

Fig. 7.7 

truncata Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 47, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Sat., 

5:406, 188 1, desc.-Walpers, Repert. 

Bot. Syst., 2:210, 1843 [= vitijolia Schott, 

1827].-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4( 1):369, 186 1 [= vitijolia var. grandis C. de Candolle, 186 11.-L.B. Smith & 

D. C. Wasshausen, P hytologia, 54: 470, 

1984. 

1859. 

1859. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

truncatiloba Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:534, 1939. China. Fig. 

4.49. 

truncicola Sodiro ex C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. 
244 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Boissier, 11, 8:323, 1908. Ecuador. Fig. 

3.18. 

tsaii Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 

21:42, 1951. China: Yunnan. Fig. 22.5. 

tsaratananensis Aymonin & Bosser, FI. Madagascar, 144:40, pl. 12: figs. 1, 2, 1983. Madagascar. Editus sero pro clave. 

tsirnihety Humbert, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

111, 47:82, 1972.-M. Keraudren-Aymonin, FI. Madagascar, 144:91, pl. 23: 

figs. 5-1 1, 1983. Madagascar. Sine figura. 

tuberosa Lamarck, Encycl., 1 :393, 1785, nomen 

valididum sed il1egitimum.-Merrill, Interp. Herb. Ambion., 379, 1917.- 

Backer & Van den Brink, FI. Java, 1:309, 

1964.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. 

= niuricata Blume, 1823. 

tuberosa herb. Wight ex Wallich, Num. List, 129, 

no. 3675A, 1831, nomen nudum, non 

Lamarck, 1795.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:655, 1879.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 40:10, 1978. [= malabarica var. dipetala C.B. Clarke, 1879; 

sphalmate1.-Irmscher, Pareys Blumengirtnerei, ed. 2:78, 1960. 

= dipetala Graham, 1828. 

tuberosa herb. Miight ex Wallich, Num. List, 129, 

no. 3675B, 1831, nornen nudum, non 

Lainarck, 1795.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Irid., 2:655, 1879.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 40: 10, 1978. 

= malabarica var. hydrophila C.B. Clarke, 

1879. 

tuberosa Heyne ex Wight, Cat., no. 3675, 1840, 

non visus, non Lamarck, 1795.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):39 1, 1864. 

tuberosa Pavon ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):3 11, 1864, non Lamarck, 1795; pro 

syri. bulbillifera Link & Otto, 183 1. 

tuberosa Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 121, 1854, 

non Laniarck, 1795; pro syn. Eupetalum 

tuberosum Klotzsch, 1854.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):28 1, 1864. 

= dipetala Graham, 1828. 

= geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

tuberosa Heyne ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):391, 1864, non Lamarck, 1795; pro 

syn. dipetala Graham, 1828. 

tuberosa Sesse & Mocifio, PI. Nov. Hisp., 163, 

1890, non visus; FI. Mex., ed. 2:218, 

1894.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Contr. Gray Herb., 154:27, 1945. 

= gracilis var. martiana A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

tuerckheimii C. de Candolle, Bot. Gaz., 20:542, 

1895.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24( 1): 178, 196 1. 

= pinetorum A. de Candolle, 1859. 

tumaitesii hort., Horticulturist, 14:418, 1859, 

non visus. Descriptione inchoata. 

tumbezensis Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:74, 

1953. Peru. Fig. 24.43. 

turbinata Ridley, J. Fed. Malay States Mus., 

8(4):37, 1917. Sumatra. Fig. 20.41. 

udisilvestris C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69( 12):9, 19 19. Central America: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, 

Costa Rica, and Panama. Fig. 29.24. 

salvadorensis Irmscher, 1963. 

ulei C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:313, 1908.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:470, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

uliginosa Schott ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

W’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 155, 1855; Begoniac., 35, 1855.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:245, 

1950 [= patula Haworth, 18 191.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:470, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

uliginosa var. ermanii (Klotzsch) A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):347, 1861, “ermani”.-Irnischer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

76:24, 1953. 

= fischeri var. ermanii Irmscher, 1953. 

ulmifolia Willdenow, Sp. PI., 4:418, 1805.- 

Link & Otto, Icon., pl. 38, 1825. Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana. Fig. 17.3. 

Donaldia ulmifolia Klotzsch, 1854. 

ulmifolia Bang ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI., 
NUMBER 60 245 

3(2):105, 1898, non Willdenow, 1825; 

pro syn. bangii Kuntze, 1898. 

umbellata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. 

Gen. Sp., 7, folio 143, quarto 187, 

1825.--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

50:573, pl. 4.26, 1914. Colombia. Fig. 

21.13. 

Isopteris umbellata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Isopteryx umbellata Klotzsch, 1855. 

Casparya umbellata A. de Candolle, 

Jissisepala C. de Candolle, 1908. 

umbilicata hort. ex Planchon, FI. des Serres, I, 

vol. 8, sub. pl. 810, 1853, pro syn. hernandizfolia W.J. Hooker, 1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):390, 1864 [= peltata 

Hasskarl, 18431.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

47:293, 198 1. 

1864. 

= coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

Linibi-aculifera J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 22, 

pl. 7457, 1896. Brazil. Fig. 3.25, icon. 

umhrata hort. ex ’4. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1.5(1):396, 1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 186, 1946. 

= holtonis A. de Candolle var. holtonis, 

18.39. 

uncinata hort. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Pi-euss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1854, 

pro syn. ‘4ugustia caffra Klotzsch, 1854.- 

11-iiisclier, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 136, 196 1 

[= caffra Meisner, 184 11.-Burtt, Notes, 

Koy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 32:274, 

1975. 

= honionyma Steudel, 1840. 

uiiduavensis Rusby, Descript. Nei+. Spec. S. 

Amer. PI., 64, 1920. Bolivia. Fig. 30.7. 

lignosa Kusby, 1920. 

irndulata Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 

4(App.):408, 18PT.-Graharn, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 54, pl. 2723, 1827. Brazil. Fig. 20.1, 

icon. 

undulata Otto ex Graham, 1827. 

Trilomisa undulata Rafinesque, 1836. 

Gaerdtia undulata Klotzsch, 1854. 

Gaerdtia stenobotrjs Klotzsch, 1855. 

undulata Otto ex Graham, Bot. Mag., vol. 54, 

pl. 2723, 1827, pro syn. undulata Schott 

in Sprengel, 1827. 

unialata C. de Candolle in Huber, Bull. Herb. 

Boissier, 11, 1:316, 1901.-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:470, 

1984. 

= convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

uniflora S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, 25: 

tayloriae Standley ex F. A. Barklev & J. 

unqolia Rose ex Trelease, Annual Rep. Missouri 

Bot. Gard., 15:80, pls. 28, 29, 1904.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 127:26, 1939. 

= monophylla Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

unilateralis Rusby, Phytologia, 1 :68, 1934. Bolivia. Fig. 30.10. 

urdanetensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot., 7:2559, 

1915. Philippines. Fig. 14.28. 

urophylla W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 81, pl. 

4855, 1855. Central America, Colombia, 

Venezuela. Fig. 22.24, icon. 

squarrosa sensu Seeman, 1853, non 

Gireoudia setosa Klotzsch, 1855. 

Gireoudia urophylla Klotzsch, 1855. 

setqera A. de Candolle, 1864. 

squamosa C. de Candolle, 1908. 

villipetiola C. de Candolle, 19 19. 

santae-martae Irmscher, 1949. 

boquetensis Irmscher, 1959. 

urophylla Gilg ex De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. 

Congo, V, 2:318, 1908, nomen nudum. 

ursina L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:28, pl. 6, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 18.28. 

urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, Suppl., 420, 

178 1. Costa Rica to Venezuela and Peru. 

(Fig. 18.7.) 

urticijolia J.E. Smith, 1790. Fig. 18.7. 

columnaris Bentham, 1844. 

trachyptera Bentham, 1845. 

coccinea Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1854, pro 

glabra Kuiz ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

Sassea columnaris Klotzsch, 1854. 

Sassea glabra Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1854. 

149, 1890. Mexico. Fig. 10.12. 

Golding, 1974. 

Liebmann, 1853. 

parte. 
246 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Stridotheca trachyptera Klotzsch, 1854. 

cucullata Ruiz ex Klotzsch, 1853. 

Casparya coccinea Klotzsch, 1855. 

Sassea urticae Klotzsch, 1855. 

Stibadotheca trachyptera Klotzsch, 1855. 

columnaris Pavon ex A. de Candolle, 

Casparya columnaris A. de Candolle, 

Casparya columnaris var. glabra A. de 

Casparya trachyptera A. de Candolle, 

Casparya urticae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Casparya urticae var. hispida A. de CanSassea hoffmanniana Klotzsch ex A. de 

Stibadotheca urticae Klotzsch ex A. de 

monticola C. de Candolle, 1908. 

torresii Standley, 1927. 

urticae var. hispida A. de Candolle ex 

chiriquensis Standley, 1940. 

columnaris var. glabra L.B. Smith & B.G. 

urticae Linnaeus f. var. hispida A. de Candolle 

ex Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 

Bot. Ser., 18:747, 1937, sphalmate pro 

Casparya urticae var. hispida A. de Candolle, 1864; pro syn. torresii Standley, 

1927.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

1864. 

1864. 

Candolle, 1864. 

1864. 

dolle, 1864. 

Candolle, 1864. 

Candolle, 1864. 

Standley, 1927. 

Schubert, 194 1. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 178 1. 

urticae Linnaeus f. var. retusa L.B. Smith 8c 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:37, 1946. Colombia. 

urticfolia J.E. Smith, PI. Icon., pl. 45, 1790, 

“urticaefolia”.-F. Dietrich, L‘ollst. Lex. 

Gartn., 2:177, 1802.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:33, 1946. 

= urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 1781. 

urticfolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 

1854, “urticaefolia,” pro syn. Pilderia urticaefolia Klotzsch, 1855.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 100, 1946. 

= buddleiifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

urticfolia (Klotzsch) Warburg in Engler & Prantl, 

Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):144, pl. 47K, 

1894.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 100, 1946. 

= buddleiifolia A. de Candolle, 1859. 

uruapensis Sesse 8c Mocino var. uruapensis, PI. 

Nov. Hisp., 162, 1890, non visus; FI. 

Mex.,ed. 2:219, 1894. Mexico. Fig. 10.9. 

asteroides L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

uruapensis Sesse 8c Mocino var. rosei L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Contr. Gray 

Herb., 154:26, 1945. Mexico. 

uvana C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 69(12):4, 1919.-L.B. Smith&B.G. 

Schubert, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

45:46, 1958. 

1939. 

= plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 1853. 

vagans Craib, Bull. Mix. Inform., 419, 1930. 

Siani. Fig. 9.18. 

vaginans \’elloio, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 37, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio 

de Janeiro 3: 403, 1881, desc.-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):376, 

1861. 

= tomentosa Schott var. tornentosa, 1827. 

caldensium A. de Candolle var. valdensium, 

Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11: 138, 1859. 

Brazil. Fig. 32.24. 

valdensium ’4. de Candolle var. angustior 

Irrnscher, Bot. Jarhb. Syst., 76:57, 1953. 

Brazil. 

valerioi Standley, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 17:3 13, 

1927, “valerii.” Costa Rica. Fig. 32.6. 

valida Goebel, Flora, 108:347, pl. 1, 1915. Bra7il. Fig. 32.4. 

talidissima hort. E.C., Garden, 32:343, 1887. 

Descriptione inchoata. 

vallerea Klotzsch in F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, 

Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 136, 1974, errore 

tjpographico pro vellerea Klotzsch, 1855. 

valvata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Mem. New 
NUMBER 60 247 

York Bot. Gard., 8:40, pl. 2g-i, 1952. 

Ecuador. Fig. 18.26. 

vanderwateri Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot, 11, 9:58, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

2 1.27. 

vankerckhovenii De Wildeman, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Etat., 5:52, 1915, “vankerkhoveni.” Congo. 

Fig. 2.18. 

vanoverberghii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:403, 

“191 1,” 1912. Philippines. Fig. 24.39. 

vareschii Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 78: 185, 

1959. Venezuela. Fig. 2 1.1. 

variabilis Ridley, J. Roy. Asiat. SOC. Straits 

Branch, 57:50, 191 1 .-Irmscher, Mitt. 

Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 8:147, pl. 10, 

1929. Malaya. Fig. 27.4. 

varians A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 135, 1839.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. 

Java, 2:65 1, 19 12. 

= tenuifolia Dryander, 179 1. 

varistyla Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:80, 

1953. Bolivia. Fig. 17.6. 

veitchii J.D. Hooker, Gard. Chron., 734, 1867; 

Bot. Mag., vol. 93, pl. 5663, 1867. Peru. 

Fig. 7.17, icon. 

roszflora J.D. Hooker, 1867. 

velata L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. 

Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:201, 1941. Peru. 

Fig. 3.32. 

velata Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

10:133, pl. 2, 1950.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:114, 

1955. 

= curtii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 1955. 

vellerea Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 152, 1855; Begoniac., 32, 

1855.-L.B. Smith & R.C. Smith, FI. 11. 

Catarin, l(Bego):49, 1971 [= patula Haworth, 18 191.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:471, 1984. 

= fischeri Schrank var. fischeri, 1820. 

velloziana Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:2 16, 

1843. Brazil. Fig. 13.4. 

repens Vellozo, 183 1. 

vellozoana Brade, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 

8:233, pl. 6, 1948, non Walpers, 1843.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Phytologia, 

12:250, 1965. 

= olsoniae L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

1965. 

velutina Brongniart ex Neumann, Rev. Hort., 11, 

3:218, pl., 1844, non hort. Vindob ex 

Klotzsch, 1855, non Parish ex Kurz, 

1873.-C. Karegeannes, Begonian, 

50:11, 1983. 

= balmisiana Balmis var. balmisiana, 1794. 

velutina hort. Belg. ex Lemaire, Jard. Fleur., 

1:14, 1851. 

= galeottiana Lemaire, 185 1. 

velutina Parish ex Kurz, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal., 

42(2):81, 1873.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:640, 1879. 

velutina hort. Vindob ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 174, 1855; 

Begoniac., 54, 1855, pro syn. Ewaldia lobata Klotzsch, 1853; non hort. Berol. ex 

Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):375, 1861. 

= parvuliflora A. de Candolle, 1859. 

= lobata Schott, 1827. 

velutina hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 160, 1855; 

Begoniac., 40, 1855, pro syn. Knesebeckia 

balmisiana Klotzsch, 1855; non hort. Vindob ex Klotzsch, 1855.-C. Karegeannes, 

Begonian, 50: 12, 1983. 

= balmisiana Balmis var. balmisiana, 1794. 

pl. 7657, 1899. Brazil. Fig. 29.32, icon. 

Hist, 71:65, 1902. Malaya. Fig. 24.3. 

venosa Skan ex J.D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 125, 

venusta King, J. Asiat. SOC. Bengal, pt. 2, Nat. 

megapteroidea King, 1902. 

verdickii De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, IV, 

93, 1903; Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 3:450, 

19 12 [= princeae Gilg, 190 1 1.-Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:120, 1961 [= princeae var. princeae f. vulgata Irmscher, 

1961].--U’ilczek, FI. Congo, Rwanda, 

Burundi, 44, 1969. 

= princeae Gilg var. princeae, 1901. 
248 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

vernicosa hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 174, 1855; 

Begoniac., 54, 1855, pro syn. Ewaldia ferruginea Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):375, 1861. 

= lobata Schott, 1827. 

verruculosa L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 27:2 18, pl. 

8, 1973. Venezuela. Fig. 31.5. 

versicolor Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:546, 1939. China. Fig. 25.23. 

verticillata Vellozo, FI. Flum., vol. 10, pl. 45, 

“1827,” 1831, icon; Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio 

de Janeiro, 5:405, 1881, desc.-Steudel, 

Nom. Bot., ed. 2:194, 1840. 

= digitata Raddi var. digitata, 1820. 

verticillata W.J. Hooker, Icon. PI., vol. 9, pl. 81 1, 

1851, non Vellozo, 1831.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):353, 1864.-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:499, 1984. 

= adenopoda Lemaire, 1852. 

vestita C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:3 15, 1908. Central America: Costa Rica 

and Panama. Fig. 22.29. 

vicina Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:55, 1953. 

Brazil. Fig. 32.13. 

villifera hort. Galeotti, J. Hort. Prat. Belgique, 

11:3, 1853. Descriptione inchoata. 

villifolia Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 21:43, 1951. China. Fig. 5.34. 

villipetiola C. de Candolle, Smithsonian Misc. 

Collect., 69(12):5, 1919.-L.B. Smith, 

Phytologia, 27:212, 1973 [= stigmosa Lindley, 18451.-K. Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 

36:234, 1984. 

= urophylla W.J. Hooker, 1855. 

villosa Lindley, Bot. Reg., vol. 15, PI. 1252, 

1829.-Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 4:359, 1836. 

= hirtella Link var. hirtella, 1822. 

villosa Gardner, London J. Bot., 1:186, 1842, 

non Lindley, 1829.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):346, 1861 [= macroptera Klotzsch, 1855].-1rmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 76:24, 1953.-Brade, Rodriguesia, 32:155, 1957.-L.B. Smith 

& D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:471, 

1984. 

= fischeri var. macroptera Irmscher, 1953. 

villosa Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854, no11 Lindley, 1829, nonien nudum. 

villosa var. nana Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle 

in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):345, 1861, pro 

syn. hirtella var. nana A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

vincentina O.E. Schulz var. vincentina in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7: 14, 19 1 1. West Indies: St. 

i’incent. Fig. 26.20. 

vincentina O.E. Schulz var. scopulicola O.E. 

Schulz in Urban, Symb., Antil., 7:15, 

191 1. West Indies: St. Vincent. 

violifolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 134, 1859, “violaefolia. ” Mexico. Fig. 

25.1 1. 

viridiflord A. de Candolle var. viridiflora, Ann. 

Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 11:132, 1859. Peru. 

Fig. 33.10. 

viridiflora A. de Candolle var. parviflora L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:202, 1941. Peru. 

viscida Ziesenhenne, Begonian, 36:83, pl., 1969. 

Mexico. Fig. 31.3. 

vitiensis A.C. Smith, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 

Bull., 141:99, pl. 52, 1936. Fiji. Fig. 

32.22. 

vitijiolia Schott in Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 4 

(App.):407, 1827.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:446, 1983. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

vitifolia Schott var. bahiensis A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):369, 186 1 .-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:47 1, 1984. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

vitijiolia Schott var. grandis A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):369, 1861.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:47 1, 1984. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

vztifolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss Berlin 1854, p. 238, 1855; 
NUMBER 60 249 

Begoniac., 1 18, 1855, pro syn. lliagenerza 

longipes Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):365, 1864 [= longipes W.J. 

Hooker, 1830].-1rmscher, Webbia, 

12506, 1957. 

= reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

vitfolia Lindley, Edward’s Bot. Reg., 28, Misc., 

2 1, 1842, non Schott, 1827.-Walpers, 

Repert. Bot. Syst., 2:209, 1843. 

= lindleyana Walpers, 1843. 

vittariifolia N. Hall;e Adansonia, 11, 12:367, pl. 

5, 1972. Africa: Gabon. Fig. 14.8. 

vuijckii Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2:647, 191 2. 

Java. Descriptione inchoata. 

glabrn VuQck ex Koorders, 1912, non 

Aublet, 1775. 

wadei Merrill 8c Quisumbing, Addisonia, 17:57, 

pi. 573, 1932. Philippines. Fig. 12.19. 

wagenerana W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 83, pl. 

4988, 1857, non W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 84, pl. 5047, 1858, “wageneriana”.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):289, 1864. 

Brazil or Venezuela. Fig. S4, icon. 

iMoschkowitzia wagenerana Klotzsch, 

wagenerana W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 84, pl. 

.5047, 1858, non W.J. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 83, pl. 4988, 1857, “wageneriana”.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):366, 1864 

[= dominicalis A. de Candolle, 18641.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Anti]., 7:19, 

191 1. 

1855. 

= odorata Willdenow, 18 13. 

wageneria A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):366, 

1864, sphalmate pro wagenerana W.J. 

Hooker, 1858. 

\\xkefieldii Gilg ex Engler f. wakefieldii, Veg. 

Erde, 9(3.2):620, 1921.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:127, 1961. East Africa. 

Fig. 12.12. 

wakefieldii Gilg ex Engler f. dentatiloba 

Irrnscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 8 1 : 128, 196 1. 

Tangan) ika. 

wallichiana Steudel, Nom., ed. 2, 1:194, 1840, 

nonien nudum.-J. Doorenbos, Begonian, 42:213, 1975 [= parvzjlora F. Hamilton ex Wallich, 183 11.-H. Hara, J. Jap. 

Bot., 47:112, 1972. 

= minicarpa H. Hara, 1972. 

wallichiana Lehman in E. Otto, Neue Allg. 

Deutsche Garten-BIumenzeitung, 6:455, 

1850, non Steudel, 1840.-J. Doorenbos, 

Begonian, 42:213, 1975. Mexico. (Fig. 

28.22.) 

parvzjlora Liebmann, 1847, non Poepfranconis Liebmann, 1853. Fig. 28.22, 

modesta Liebmann, 1853. 

Doratometra wallichiana Klotzsch, 1854. 

Diploclinium wallichianum Miquel, 

walpersii Heynhold, Nom. Bot., 2:63, 1846.- 

L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:184, 1946. 

= guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth 

var. guaduensis, 1825. 

walterana Irmscher, Beitr. Phytol., 30: 14, 1964, 

“walteriana.” Borneo. Fig. 28.50. 

wangii Yu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s., 

1: 126, 1948. China. Sine figura. 

warburgiana Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

21:325, 1895.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 

33(87):84, 1944. 

pig & Endlicher, 1835. 

non typus. 

1856. 

= pleiopetala A. de Candolle, 1859. 

warburgii Schumann & Lauterbach, FI. Deutsch. 

Schutzgeb. Suidsee, 459, 1901. New 

Guinea. Fig. 6.6. 

warburgii Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 34:94, 1904, 

non Schumann and Lauterbach, 190 1 .- 

Hutchinson, Dalzielk Keay, FI. W. Trop. 

Afr., ed. 2, 1:220, 1954. 

= eminii Warburg var. eniinii, 1895. 

Mariana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:352, 

1913; Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 50:569, pls. 3, 13, 

1914. New Guinea. Fig. 21.38. 

warpurii Hemsley in Hooker, Ic. PI., vol. 27, pl. 

2656, 1900, “warpuri. ” Madagascar. Fig. 

13.16. Gelata in clave. 

M. Keraudren-Aymonin, F1. Madagascar, 
250 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

144:57, 1983. 

= nana I’Heritier, 1788. 

washingtoniana hort. ex C. Chevalier, Les Begonias, 350, 1938, pro syn. platanifolia Schott 

var. platanifolia, 1827. 

wattii C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 25:26, pl. 

11, 1890. India: Himalaya. Fig. 28.28. 

weberbaueri Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76:78, 

pl. 5, 1953. Peru. Fig. 5.20. 

lichenoides L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

weberi Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 6:381, “191 1,” 

19 12. Philippines. Fig. 2 1.39. 

weberlingii Irmscher, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 

39:438, pl. 1, 1963. Central America: El 

Salvador. Fig. 28.42. 

weddelliana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:122, 1859. Bolivia. Fig. 28.7. 

weddelliana sensu Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. 

Club, 17:284, pls. 6, 7, 1890, non A. de 

Candolle, 1859.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 33 

(87):76, 1944. 

1963. 

= davisii J.D. Hooker, 1876. 

weigallii Hemsley, Bull. Misc. Inform., 17, 1896. 

British Solomon Islands. Fig. 20.29. 

wellmanii Gilg ex Engler, Veg. Erde, 9(3.2):615, 

192 1, “wellmannii”.-Irmscher, Bot. 

Jahrb. Syst., 81:120, 1961 [=princeaevar. 

princeae f. vulgata Irmscher, 1961].-Wilczek, F1. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, 44, 

1969. 

= princeae Gilg var. princeae, 190 1. 

Lvengeri C.E.C. Fischer, Bull. Misc. Inform., 200, 

wen7elii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 10:277, 1915. 

leytensis Merrill, 19 14, non Elmer, 

whjtei Stapf, J. Linn. SOC., 37:103, 1905.- 

Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay, FI. W. Trop. 

Afr., ed 2, 1:218, 1954. 

= quadrialata Warburg var. quadrialata, 

1895. 

waghtaana W’allich, Num. List, 129, no. 3673, 

183 1, nomen nudum.-A. de Candolie, 

1932. India. Fig. 26.8. 

Philippines. Fig. S 10. 

1910. 

Prodr., 15( 1):389, 1864.-J. Golding, 

Phytologia, 40:9, 1978. 

= albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, 1845. 

wilczekiana N. Hall;e Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg., 

39:9 1, 1969. West Africa: Gabon. Fig. 

9.19. 

X willianisii B.S. Williams, Cat., 24, 1882, taxon 

hybridogenum. 

williamsii Rusby & Nash, Torreya, 6:47, pl., 

1906, non X williamsii B.S. Williams, 

1882.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco), 33 (87):84, 1944. 

= r\Tollnyi Herzog, 1909. 

wilsonii Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), 

25:281, 1919. China. Fig. 8.27. 

wollastonii E.G. Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 

38:252, 1908, “wollastoni”.-Wilczek, FI. 

Congo, RIvanda, Burundi, 47, frontispiece, pl. 5, 1969. Tropical Africa. Fig. 

28.39. 

lebrunii Robyns & Lawalree, 1947. 

meyeri-johannis sensu Robyns & Lawalwollnyi Herzog, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 

7:63, 1909. Bolivia. Fig. 4.48, non typus. 

williamsii Rusby & Nash, 1906. 

acrensis Irmscher, 1949. 

Lvoodii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci., 26:478, 1925. 

wrayi Hemsley, J. Bot., 25:203, 1887.-Ridley, 

ree, 1947, pro parte. 

Philippines. Fig. 8.47. 

FI. hlalay Penins., 5:855, 1925. 

= isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 1790. 

IV, 11:123, 1859. Cuba. Fig. 30.33. 

wi-ightiana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

rotundifolia Grisebach, 1866, non Grisebach, 1860, non Lamarck, 1785. 

cubincola var. sensu Grisebach, 1866. 

lindenzana Sauvalle, 1869. 

Lviir-dackii L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Publ. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. ‘Javier Prado,” Ser. B, 

Bot., 17:5, pl. 2, 1963. Peru. Fig. 3.31. 

xanthina ”.J. Hooker var. xanthina, Bot. Mag., 

vol. 78, pl. 4683, 1852. India: Himalaya. 

Fig. 24.42. 

platycentrum xanthinum Klotzsch, 1855. 
NUMBER 60 25 1 

lazuli Linden, 1858. 

picta hort. Jackson ex W.J. Hooker, 

xanthina var. lazuli W.J. Hooker, 1859. 

xanthina var. pictqolia W.J. Hooker, 

xanthina ~W.J. Hooker var. lazuli W.J. Hooker, 

Bot. Mag., vol. 85, pl. 5107, 1859.-C.B. 

Clarke in J.D. Hooker. FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:644, 1879. 

= xanthina J.D. Hooker var. xanthina, 1852. 

xanthina W.J. Hooker var. pictqolia W.J. 

Hooker, Bot. Mag., vol. 85, pl. 5102, 

18.59.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. India, 2:644, 1879. 

= xanthina J.D. Hooker var. xanthina, 1852. 

xerophyta L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:245, pl. 7, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

23.15. 

xilitlensis K. Burt-Utley, Brittonia, 36:232, PI. 1, 

1984. Mexico. Editus sero pro clave. 

xiphophylla Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 76: 100, 

1953. Indonesia. Sine figura. 

polygonoides Ridley, 1906. 

1859. 

1859. 

xylopoda L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

43105, pl. 13, 1946. Colombia. Fig. 16.3. 

yappii Ridley, Bull. Misc. Inform., 258, 1929. 

Malaja. Sine figura. 

ynesiae L.B. Smith & D.C. U’asshausen, Phytologia, 44:239, pi. 1, 1979. Ecuador. Fig. 

3.28. 

yui Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 

2 1 :36, 195 1, “yuii.” China: Yunnan. Sine 

figura. 

punckeri Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 

Ser., 17:378, 1938. Central America: 

Honduras. Fig. 25.4. 

punnanensis Leveille var. yunnanensis, Repert. 

Nov. Sp., 7:20, 1909. China: Yunnan. Fig. 

12.4. 

yunnanensis var. hypoleuca Lkveillk, 

yunnanensis Leveille var. sootepensis Craib, 

Aberd. Lniv. Stud., 47:96, 1912. Indochina: Laos. 

1916. 

sootepensis Craib, 19 1 1. 

yunnanensis Leveille var. hypoleuca Lkveillk, 

Cat. PI. Yun-nan, 17, 1916, nomen nudum. 

= yunnanensis Leveille var. yunnanensis, 

1909. 

yunnanensis Leveille var. thorelii (Gagnepain) 

J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 

54:499, 1984. Indochina: Laos. 

sootepensis var. thorelii Gagnepain, 192 1. 

zamboangensis Merrill, Philipp, J. Sci., 26:48 1, 

1925. Philippines. Fig. 25.2. 

zebrina hort. angl. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, 

pro syn. Pritzelia zebrina Klotzsch, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4( 1):3%, 186 1. 

= angularis Raddi var. angularis, 1820. 

ienkerana L.B. Smith & D.C. Miasshausen, Phytologia, 56: 16, 1984. Cameroon. Fig. 

14.38. 

zenkeri Irmscher, 1961, non Warburg 

zenkeri Warburg ex Exell, J. Bot., 67:197, 

1929.-Fernandes, Consp. FI. Angola, 

4:296, 1970. 

ex Exell, 1929. 

= macrocarpa Warburg, 1895. 

zenkeri Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 81:183, 1961, 

non Warburg ex Exell, 1929.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

56: 16, 1984. 

= zenkerana L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

1984. 

zeylanica Van Houtte Cat. 1855 ex Klotzsch in 

Otto 8c Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 24: 

205, 1856, pro syn. Reichenheimia zeylanica Klotzsch, 1856.-Fide J. Doorenbos, 

Check List Begonia Sp., adden., 4, 1971, 

ined. [= thwaitesii W.J. Hooker, 18531.- 

C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, F1. Brit. Ind., 

2:652, 1879. 

= tenera Dryander, 179 1. 

zimmermannii Peter ex Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 8 1 : 18 1, 196 1. Tanganyika. Fig. 

14.18. 
252 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

zobiaensis De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 

2:324, 1908; Ann. Mus. Congo, V, 3:450, 

1912. 

= kisuluana Buttner, 1890. 

zollingerana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 135, 1859, “zollingeriana.” Java. 

Fig. 28.41. 

Platycentrum zollingeranum Klotzsch, 

1855. 

Hillebrandia 

sandwicensis Oliver, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

23:361, pl. 46, 1866.-J.D. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 113, pl. 6953, 1887. Hawaii. 

Fig. S7. 

S ymbegonia 

arfakensisGibbs, FI. Arfak Mts., 149, 1917. New 

Guinea. Fig. 17.8. 

beccarii Irmscher, Webbia, 9:507, 1953. New 

Guinea. Fig. 14.50. 

bracteosa Warburg in Schumman 85 Lauterbach, 

Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee, 323, 

1905. New Guinea. Fig. 19.22. 

fulvo-villosa Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):149, pl. 52, 1894. 

Kew Guinea. Fig. 18.32. 

Begonia fulvo-villosa Warburg, 189 1. 

geraniifolia Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bot., 11, 9:61, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 

6.10. 

hirta Ridley, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, Bot., 11, 

9:6 1, 19 16. New Guinea. Fig. 10.10. 

mooreana Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 30:381, 

pl. 5, 1913. New Guinea. Fig. 6.15. 

papuana Merrill & Perry, J. Arnold Arbor., 

24:59, pl. 7f-j, 1943. New Guinea. Fig. 

27.32. 

parvifolia Gibbs, FI. Arfak Mts., 150, 1917. New 

Guinea. Fig. 21.7. 

pulchra Ridle), Trans. Linn. SOC. London, Bot., 

11, 9:62, 1916. New Guinea. Fig. 27.30. 

sanguinea Warburg in Schumann & Lauterbach, 

Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee, 323, 

1903. New Guinea. Fig. 18.30. 

strigosa Warburg in Schumann & Lauterbach, 

Nachtr. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee, 324, 

1905. New Guinea. Fig. 18.31. 

Rejected Genera 

Augustia 

caffra (Meisner) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Miiss. Berlin, 124, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

201, 1855; Begoniac., 81, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):384, 1864 [= Begonia dregei var. caffra A de Candolle, 

1864].--Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 

81:136, 1961 [= Begonia caffra Meisner, 

1841].-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 

22:141, 1976. 

= Begonia homonyma Steudel, 1840. 

dregei (Otto 8c Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 200, pl. 8B, 1855; Begoniac., 80, 

pl. 8B, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

13( 1):384, 1864. 

= Begonia dregei Otto 85 Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

natalensis (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 201, 1855; 

Begoniac. 8 1, 1835.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):385, 1864 [= Begonia natalensis W.J. Hooker, 1855].-Hilliard in 

Ross, F1. South. Afr., 22:142, 1976. 

= Begonia dregei Otto & Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

suffruticosa (Meisner) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

202, 1853; Begoniac., 82, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):385, 1864 [= Begonia suffruticosa Meisner, 1840].-Hilliard in Ross, FI. South. Afr., 22:142, 

1976. 
NUMBER 60 253 

= Begonia dregei Otto 8c Dietrich var. dregei, 1836. 

Barya 

monadelpha Rui7 ex Klotzsch. Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854; 

Abh. Koinigl. Akad. M'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 

143, pl. 2B, 185.5; Begoniac., 23, pl. 2B, 

18.5.5.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15:286, 

1864. 

= Begonia nionadelpha Ruiz 8c Pavon ex A. 

de Candolle. 1864. 

Begoniella 

angustfolia Oliver in J.D. Hooker, Ic. PI., 15:68, 

pl. 1487, 1884.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 208, pl. 18, 1946; J. 

Lt'ash. Acad. Sci., 45:112, 1955. 

= Begonia irmscheri L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, 19.55. 

kalbreyeri Oliver in J.D. Hooker, Ic. PI., 14:38, 

pl. 1352, 1881.--Warburg in Engler 8c 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 150, pl. 

53, 1894.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 

Caldasia, 4:208, pl. 18, 1946; J. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 45: 1 13, 1955. 

= Begonia kalbreyeri L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert var. kalbreyeri, 1955. 

kalbreyri Oliver var. glabra L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Shubert, J. M'ash. Acad. Sci., 40:244, pl. 

lt-v, 19.50; J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:113, 

1 9 .5 .5 . 

= Begonia kalbreyeri var. glabra L.B. Smith 

XS B.G. Schubel-t, 1955. 

lehmannii lrmscher, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 74:630, 

1949.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. 

\$'ash. Acad. Sci., 45:l 13, 1955. 

= Begonia lehmannii L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, 195.5. 

lzbera L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:206, pl. 18, 1946; J. U'ash. Acad. Sci., 

4.5: 1 13, 19.53. 

= Begonia libera L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 1955. 

whitei Oliver, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 28:5 13, 

1873.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:205, pl. 18, 1946; J. Wash. Acad. 

Sci., 45:113, 1955. 

= Begonia oliveri L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 1955. 

Casparya 

antioquensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat., I\', 

1 1 : 1 16, 1859.--Warburg in Engler 8c 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146 

(1 894). 

= Begonia antioquensis Warburg, 1894. 

brevipetala A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\', 1 1 : 1 18, 1859.-Warburg in Engler 8c 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfani., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia brevipetala M'arburg, 1894. 

coccinea Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. M'iss. Berlin, 127, 1854, nonien 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 248, 1855; Begoniac., 128, 

18.5.5.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):274, 1864 [= Casparja columnaris 

var. glabra A. de Candolle, 1864].-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:187, 1941 [= Begonia 

columnaris var. glabra L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, 19411; Caldasia, 4:33, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

columnaris Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. M'iss. Berlin 

1854, p. 247, 1855; Begoniac., 127, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):273, 1864 [= Casparja cordijolia A. 

de Candolle, 18641.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13:192, 1941. 

= Begonia hirta L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, 

1941. 

columnaris A. de Candolle, Prodr., 13( 1):274, 

1864.-L.B. Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:33, 1946. 
254 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1791. 

columnaris A. de Candolle var. glabra A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):294, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:187, 1941 [=Begonia 

columnaris var. glabra L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, 19411; Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

cordijolia A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):273, 

1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:192, 

1941. 

= Begonia hirta var. cordifolia L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, 194 1. 

cordijolia A. de Candolle var. hirta A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):273, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:192, 1941. 

= Begonia hirta L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert 

var. hirta, 1941. 

crassicaulis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 1 19, 1859.-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 149, 

1894 [= Begonia crassicaulis Warburg, 

1894].-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 52:442, 1983. 

= Begonia pachyrhachis L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen. 1983. 

elegans (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Klotzsch, 

Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin, 127, 1854.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 194, 1946. 

= Begonia foliosa var. australis L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, 1946. 

erosa A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):276, 1864.- 

Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia erosa Blume, 1827. 

ferruginea A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):269, 

1864.-C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 178 1. 

ferruginea A. de Candolle var. holtonis A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):269, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:20, 

1946. 

= Begonia ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 178 1. 

fuchsizjlora A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 1 16, 1859, ‘tfuchsiaeflora”.-A. 

Baranov & F.A. Barkley, Phytologia, 

26:220, 1973. 

= Begonia fuchsiiflora A. Baranov & F.A. 

Barkley, 1973. 

grewiijolia A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 1 1 : 1 17, 1859, “grewiaefolia”.-Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):146, 1894 [== Begonia grewiifolia Warburg, 1894].-L.B. Smith & 

D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:242, 

1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

grewiijolia A. de Candolle var. jamesoniana A. 

de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

1 1 : 1 18, 1859, “grewiaefolia”; nomen nudurn; Prodr., 15( 1):272, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

44:242, 1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

grewiijolia A. de Candolle, var. pavoniana A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):272, 1864, 

“grewiaefolia”.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:242, 1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

hirta Klotzsch, Monatsber, Konigl. Preuss. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854, nomen nudum: 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

247, 1855; Begoniac., 127, pl. 11C, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

273, 1864 [= Casparya cordijolia var. hirta 

A. de Candolle, 18641.-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 

Ser., 13:192, 1941. 

= Begonia hirta L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

var. hirta, 194 1. 

longirostris A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):272, 

1864.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen. 
NUMBER 60 255 

Phytologia, 44:242, 1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

montana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11:118, 1859.-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia montana Warburg, 1894. 

multangula A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):275, 

1864.-Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia multangula Blume var. multangula, 1827. 

multangula A. de Candolle var. glabrata A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):276, 1864.- 

Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfani. 3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia multangula var. glabrata Miquel, 

1857. 

oligocarpa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 11:118, 1859.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. India, 2:635, 1879. 

= Begonia roxburghii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

polycarpa A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1: 1 18, 1859.-Kurz, Flora, 

54(19):295, 1871. 

= Begonia roxburghii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

robusta A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):275, 

1864.-Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia robusta Blume var. robusta, 

1827. 

robusta A. de Candolle var. glabriuscula A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):275, 1864.- 

Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfarn., 3(6A):146, 1894. 

= Begonia robusta var. glabriuscula J. Doorenbos ex F.A. Barkely & J. Gofding, 1974. 

robusta (Hasskarl) A. de Candolle var. rubra A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):275, 1864.- 

L.B. Smith II- D. C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:47 1, 1984. 

= muricata Blume, 1823. 

silletensis A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):277, 

1864.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:636, 1879. 

= Begonia silletensis C.B Clarke, 1879. 

teysmanniana Miquel ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):276, 1864.-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia teysmanniana Warburg, 1894. 

trachyptera A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):274, 

1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

trianae A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

11: 117, 1859, “trianaei”.-Warburg in 

Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia trianae Warburg, 1894. 

trispathulata A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I]’, 1 1 : 1 17, 1859, “trispatulata”.-Warburg in Engler II- Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia trispathulata Warburg, 1894. 

trisulcata A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

IV, 1 1: 1 19, 1859.-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A):142, 

1894. 

= Begonia trisulcata Warburg, 1894. 

umbellata A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):270, 

1864.-C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia umbellata Humboldt, Bonpland 

II- Kunth, 1825. 

urticae A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):274, 

1864.-C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

urticae A. de Candolle var. hispida A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):274, 1864.-Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

18:747, 1937 [= torrisii Standley, 19271. 

-L.B. Smith 8c B. G. Schubert, Caldasia, 

4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var urticae, 

1781. 
256 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS rro BOTANY 

Cyathocnemis 

obliqua (Ruiz) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 221, 1855; Begoniac., 

10 1, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):333, 1864. 

= Begonia cyathophora Poeppig & Endlicher, 1835. 

Diploclinium 

angustfolium (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1:687, 1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):397, 1864 [= Begonia angustqolia 

Blunie, 18271.-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. 

Java, 23651, 1912. 

= Begonia isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 

1790. 

apterum (Blunie) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:691, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

397, 1864. 

= Begonia aptera Blume var. aptera, 1827. 

areolatum h4iquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:689, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

397, 1864. 

= Begonia areolata Miquel, 1857. 

areolatum Miquel, FI. bied. Ind., 1.1: 1091, 1858, 

quoad pl. Sumatra, non Miquel, 1856; FI. 

Ned. Ind., Eerste bijv, 332, 1861 [= Platyentrum robustum var. hirsutior Miquel, 

186 1 ].-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:499, 1984. 

= Begonia robusta var. hirsutior J. Golding 

& C. Karegeannes, 1984. 

arnottzanum Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or., 1:9, 3, pl. 

1815, 1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

13( 1):322, 1864. 

= Begonia arnottiana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

atrichum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 : 109 1, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., l5(l): 

321, 1864. 

= Begonia atricha A. de Candolle, 1864. 

biloculare Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or., 1:9; 3, pl. 1814, 

1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

354, 1864. 

= Begonia sinuata Wallich ex Meisner var. 

sinuata, 1836. 

bombycinum (Blume) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. W’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 192, 1855; 

Begoniac., 72, 1855.-Miquel, FI. Ind. 

Bot., 1.1:687, 1856.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):321, 1864. 

= Begonia isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 

1790. 

bracteatum (Jack) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:688, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

316, 1864. 

= Begonia bracteata Jack var. bracteata, 

1822, pro parte, quoad pl. Jack. 

= Begonia bracteata var. gedeana A. de Candolle, 1864, pro parte, quoad pl. Java. 

caespitosum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:685, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

397, 1864. 

= Begonia caespitosa Jack, 1822. 

carnosum Teijsmann & Binnendijk, Tijdschr. 

Ned.-Indie, 25:420, 1863, non visus. 

= Begonia carnosa Teijsmann & Binnendijk, 

1863. 

cordfolium Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or., 1:9; 3, pl. 

1816, 1852.-Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl., 

129, 1859. 

= Begonia cordifolia Thwaites var. cordifolia, 1859. 

cumingianum (Klotzsch) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1 :69 1, 1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):320, 1864. 

= Begonia cumingiana A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

evansianum Lindley, Veg. Kingd., 318, pl. 220, 

1846.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

3 13, 1864 [= Begonia evansiana Andrew, 

181 I].-Irmscher, Mitt. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana 

Irrnscher, 1939. 

fasciculatum (Jack) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1: 

690, 1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):322, 1864. 

= Begonia fasciculata Jack, 1822. 
NUMBER 60 257 

hasskarlianum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 : 109 1, 

1838.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

329, 1864. 

= Begonia hasskarliana A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

holosericeum Teijsmann & Binnendijk, Tijdschr. 

Ned.-lndie, 25:42 1, 1863, non visus. 

= Begonia holosericea Teijsmann 8c Binnendijk, 1863. 

horsjeldii Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 :69 1, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

397, 1864. 

= Begonia horsfieldii Miquel ex A. de Candolle, 1864. 

lepidotum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1: 1104, 1858, 

sphalmate pro lepidum Miquel, 1856. 

lepidum (Blume) Miquel, F1. Ned. Ind., 1.1:689, 

1856.--X. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

317, 1864 [=Begonia lepida Blume, 18271. 

-Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2:645, 

1912. 

= Begonia br-acteata Jack, 1822. 

lindlejanaum Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or., 1:9; 3, pl. 

18 17, 1852.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):329, 1864. 

= Begonia fallax A. de Candolle, 1864. 

longifolium (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1 :687, 1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1.5(1):398, 1864. 

= Begonia longifolia Blume, 1823. 

longifolium Miquel var. luxurians Miquel ex 

Koorders, Exkurs.-FI. Java, 2:650, 19 12, 

pro syn. Begonia longifolia Blume, 1823. 

orbiculatum uack) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 :686, 

1856.-A de Candolle, Prodr., 13( 1):398, 

1864. 

= Begonia orbiculata Jack, 1822. 

pilosum UxL) hliquel, F1. Ned. Ind., 1.1:688, 

18.56.--i\. de Candolle, Pr-odr., 1.5( 1): 

398, 1864. 

= Begonia pilosaJack, 1822. 

racemosum U'icL) Zfiquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:69 1, 

1836.--A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

322, 1864. 

= Begonia racemosa Jack, 1822. 

repandum (Blume) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

M'iss. Berlin 1834, p. 192, 185s; Begoniac., 72, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):321, 1864. 

Begonia isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 

1790. 

(Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:686, 

1856; FI. Ned Ind., Eerste bijv.:333, 186 1 

[= 1Witscherlichia repens Miquel, 186 I].- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 13( 1):39 1, 1864. 

Begonia mollis ,4. de Candolle, 1864. 

roxburghii Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 :692, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., I .5( 1): 

399, 1864. 

= Begonia roxburghii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rubrum (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:689, 

1856.-Hasskarl, Neu Schuss. Rumph., 

146, 1866.-MerriIl, Interp. Herb. Amboin., 379, 1917. 

= Begonia muricata Blume, 1823. 

saxatile (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:686, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

351, 1864 [= Begonia saxatilis Blume, 

1827].-Backer 8c Van den Brink, FI. 

Java, 1:309, 1964. 

= Begonia muricata Blume, 1823. 

sublobatum (Jack) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:690, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

355, 1864. 

= Begonia sublobata Jack, 1822. 

timorense Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 :692, 1856.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):407, 1864 

[= ,Wezierea salaziensis Gaudichaud, 

1841].-J. Colding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. 

= Begonia timorensis J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, 1984. 

tuberosum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 :685, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

323, 1864 [= Begonia tuberosa Lamarck, 

1785].--Merrill, Interp. Herb. Amboin., 

379, 191 7.-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 32:446, 1983. 

= Begonia muricata Blume, 1823. 
258 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

wallichianum Miquel, F1. Ned. Ind., 1.1:690, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

383, 1864.-J. Doorenbos, Begonian, 

42:2 14, 1975. 

= Begonia wallichiana Lehmann, 1850, non 

Steudel, 1840. 

Donaldia 

ottonis (Walpers) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854, 

nonien nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 199, 1855; Begoniac., 79, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

292, 1864 [= Begonia ottonis Walpers, 

18431.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 184, 1946. 

= Begonia guaduensis Humboldt, Bonpland 

& Kunth var. guaduensis, 1825. 

ulmfolia (Willdenow) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854; 

Gartenflora, 3:215, pl. 93, 1854; Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 198, 

pl. 7B, 1855; Begoniac., 78, pl. 7B, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

290, 1864. 

= Begonia ulmifolia Willdenow, 1805. 

Doratometra 

bourringiana Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 379, 

1857.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

348, 1864 [=Begonia laciniata var. bowringiana A. de Candolle, 1864].-1rmscher, 

Mitt. Inst. ,411g. Bot. Hamburg, 10:533, 

1939 [= Begonia laciniata subsp. bowringiana Irmscher, 19391.-J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 1984. 

= palniata var. boivringiana J. Golding & C. 

Karegeannes, 1984. 

wallichiana (Steudel) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

184, pl. 3B, 1835; Begoniac., 64, pl. 5B, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

383, 1864.-J. Doorenbos, Begonian, 

42:214, 1975. 

= Begonia wallichiana Lehmann, 1850, non 

Steudel, 1840. 

Eupetalum 

gaudichaudii Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 121, 1854, 

nomen nudum. Peru. 

geraniifolium (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 

12 1, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 141, 1855; Begoniac., 21, 

(1 855)-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):28 1, 1864. 

= Begonia geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

Kunthianum Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 121, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 141, pl. lB, 1855; Begoniac., 21, 

pl. lB, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):281, 1864) [= Begonia gaudichaudii 

M'alpers, 18461.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

13:189, 1941. 

= Begonia geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

lindleyanum Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Bonite, pl. 

50, 1837.-Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst., 

3:769, 1846 [= Begonia gaudichaudii Walpers, 18461; Ann. Bot. Syst., 4:875, 1858 

[= Eupetalum petalodes Lindley, 18361.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. 

Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13: 189, 1941. 

lindleyanum herb. Kunth ex Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 141, 

1855; Begoniac. 21, 1855, pro syn. Eupetalum kunthianum Klotzsch, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):28 1, 1864 [= Begonia gaudichaudii Walpers, 1846].-L.B. 

Smith & B.G. Schubert, Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:189, 1941. 

= Begonia geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

= Begonia geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 
NUMBER 60 259 

petalodes Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., 440, 1836.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Pub. Field 

Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13: 189, 194 1. 

= Begonia geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

tuberosum herb. Ruiz ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 12 1, 

1854, nomen nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 142, 1855; Begoniac., 22, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):281, 1864. 

= Begonia geraniifolia W.J. Hooker, 1835. 

Ewaldia 

ferruginea Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854, nomen 

nuduni; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 173, 1855; Begoniac., 53, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):375, 1861. 

= Begonia lobata Schott, 1827. 

lobata Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 174, pl. 3C, 1855; Begoniac., 54, 

pl. SC, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):375, 1861. 

= Begonia lobata Schott, 1827. 

Gaerdtia 

argentea (Van Houtte) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 

18.54; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 170, 1855; Begoniac., 50, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):354, 1861. 

= Begonia maculata var. argentea A. de 

Candolle. 186 1. 

Kunthiana (Walpers) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

171, 1855; Begoniac., 51, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):3 19, 1864. 

= Begonia kunthiana Walpers, 1852. 

maculata (Raddi) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

169, pl. 3A, 1855; Begoniac., 49, pl. 3A, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):354, 1861. 

= Begonia niaculata Raddi var. maculata, 

1820. 

stenobotrys Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 171, 1855; Begoniac., 51, 1855 

[= Gaerdtia undulata Klotzsch, 18551.- 

A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4(1):355, 1861. 

= Begonia undulata Schott, 1827. 

undulata (Schott) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

170, 1855; Begoniac., 50, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):355, 

1861. 

= Begonia undulata Schott, 1827. 

Gireoudia 

asarfolia (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854. 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):344, 1864. 

= Begonia hydrocotylifolia var. asarifolia A. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

barkeri (Knowles 8c Wescott) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 

125, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. W'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 216, 1855; Begoniac., 96, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

394, 1864. 

= Begonia barkeri Knowles 8c Wescott, 

1840. 

ca rdioca rpa (Liebman ti) Klotzsch, M onatsber . 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Miiss. Berlin, 125, 
260 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1834; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 209, 1855; Begoniac., 89, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

337, 1864. 

= Begonia cardiocarpa Liebniann, 1852. 

carolineijolia (Regel) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. W‘iss. Berlin, 125, 1854, 

“caroliniaefolia”; Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854; p. 21 1, 1855; Begoniac., 91, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):335, 1864. 

= Begonia carolineifolia Regel, 1852. 

carpinqolia (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 

1854. 

= Begonia carpinifolia Liebmann var. carpinifolia, 1853. 

conchqolia (Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854, 

“conchaefolia ”; Abh. Konigl. Akad. ’wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 217, 1855; Begoniac., 97, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

337, 1864. 

= Begonia conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, 1851. 

conchijolia Klotzsch var. scutellata (Liebmann) 

Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 217, 1855, “conchaefolia var. scutellata”; Begoniac., 97, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., l5( 1): 

338, 1864. 

= Begonia conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, 1851. 

conchqolia var. warscewicziana Klotzsch, Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 217, 

1855, “conchaefolia var. warscewiziana”; 

Begoniac., 97, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):337, 1864. 

= Begonia conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, 185 1. 

crassicaulis (Lindley) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. M’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 

207, 1855; Begoniac., 87, 1855.-A. de 

jibrillosa Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 206, 1855; Begoniac., 86, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

337, 1864 [= Begonia pilfers A. de Candolle, 1864].-Burt-UtIey, Phytologia, 

54:487, 1984. 

= Begonia sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

jimbriata (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

210, 1855; Begoniac., 90, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):346, 1864. 

= Begonia fimbriata Liebmann, 1853. 

he ra cl eifo 1 ia ( S c h 1 ec h t e 11 da 1 & Cham i sso) 

Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. M’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 214, 

1855; Begoniac., 94, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):335, 1864. 

= Begonia heracleifolia Schlechtendal & 

Chamisso var. heracleifolia, 1830. 

heracleqolia Klotzsch var. punctata Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. M’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 

215, 1855; Begoniac., 95, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):335, 1864. 

= Begonia heracleifolia var. punctata A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

heracleqolia Klotzsch var. viridis Klotzsch, Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. W’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 215, 

1855; Begoniac., 95, 1855.-L.B. Smith 

X: B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 170, 

1961. 

= Begonia heracleifolia Schlechtendal & 

Chamisso var. heracleifolia, 1830. 

hydrocotylqolia Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

218, 1835; Begoniac., 98, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):344, 1864. 

= Begonia hydrocotylifolia Otto ex W.J. 

Hooker var. hydrocotylifolia, 1842. 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):335, 1864. involucrata (Liebniann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

= Begonia crassicaulis Lindley, 1842. Konigl. Preuss. .4kad. M’iss. Berlin, 125, 
NUMBER 60 26 1 

18.54: Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 204, 1855; Begoniac., 84, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

339, 1864. 

= Begonia involucrata Liebmann var. involucrata, 1853. 

laciniata Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 205, 1855; Begoniac., 85, 

1 83.3.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

940, 1864 [= Begonia laciniosa A. de Candolle, 1864].-Standley, Publ. Field Mus. 

Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 18:743, 1937. 

= Begonia involucrata Liebmann var. involucr'ata, 1853. 

I i n d 1 ep n a ( M' a 1 per s ) K 1 o t z sc 11, Mona t s be r . K 0 n - 

igl. Prerrss, Akad. IViss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abli. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, 

p. 2017, 1855; Begoniac., 87, 1855 [= uitifolia Klotzsch, 1855].-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 1.5(1):336, 1864. 

= Begonia lindleyana Walpers, 1843. 

lobulata Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. M'iss. Berlin, 125, 1854, nonien 

nuduni; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

18.54, p. 208, pl. 7C, 1855; Begoniac., 88, 

pl. 7C, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):339, 1864 [= Begonia lobulata A. de 

C;andolle, 18641.-L.B. Smith X: B.G. 

Schubert. Fieldiana: Bot., 24: 18 1, 196 1 

[= Begonia sartorii Liebmann, 1853].-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):337, 1864. 

= Begonia sarcophylla Liebmann, 1853. 

macrophjlla Klotzscli, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. it'iss. Berlin, 125, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. 12'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 216, 

185.5; Begoniac., 96, 1855, synonymis 

Drjander excluso Klotzsch sphalma.--,A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 1.5(1):341, 1864 [= Begonia peponifolia Visiani ex A. de Candolle, 1864].-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

= Begonia barkeri Knowles & Wescott, 

1x40. 

macrophjlla Klotzsch var. concolor Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

2 16, 1855; Begoniac., 96, 1855.-Fide J. 

Doorenbos in litteris, J. Golding 8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:496, 1984. 

= Begonia barkeri Knowles 8c Wescott, 

1840. 

macrophylla Klotzsch var. discolor Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

216, 1855; Begoniac., 96, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr-., 1.5(1):341, 1864 [= Begonia peponijolia ex A. de Candolle, 

1864].-J. Golding & C. Karegeannes, 

Phytologia, 54:498, 1984. 

= Begonia barkeri Knowles X: Mrescott, 

1840. 

manicata Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. bl'iss. Berlin, 125, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 214, 

1855; Begoniac., 94, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):388, 1861. 

= Begonia nianicata Brongniart var. manicata, 1842. 

multineruia (Liebrnann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 

I8.?4.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40:457, 

1978. 

= Begonia multinervia Liebmann, 1853. 

n e 1 u m b i if0 1 z a (S c h 1 e c h t e 11 da 1 X: C h a m i ss o) 

Klot7sch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. \Yiss. Berlin, 125, 18.34; Abh. Konigl. Ahad. M'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 218, 

185.5; Begoniac., 98, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):343, 1864. 

= Begonia neluriibiifolia Schlechtendal 8c 

Chamisso, 1830. 

ottoniana Regel, Gartenflora, 8: 15, 18.59.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):399, 1864. 

= Begonia X ottoniana A. de Candolle, 1864, 

taxon 1i)~dridogenum. 

pilferera Klotzsch, hlonatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. LViss. Berlin, 12.5, 1854, nomen 

nuduni; Abh. Konigl. Akad. u'iss. Berlin 

1854, p. 206, 1855; Begoniac., 86, 
262 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

337, 1864 [= Begonia pilfera A. de Candolle, 1864].-K. Burt-Utley, Phytologia, 

54:488, 1984. 

= Begonia sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

plebela (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss, Akad. W’iss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

217, 1855; Begoniac., 97, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):338, 1864. 

= Begonia plebeja Liebmann var. plebeja, 

1853. 

pruinata Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854, nomen 

nudum: Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 207, 1855; Begoniac., 87, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

338, 1864. 

= Begonia pruinata A. de Candolle, 1864. 

punctata Klotisch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Ahad. M’iss. Berlin, 125, 1854.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):335, 1864. 

= Begonia heracleifolia var. punctata A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

rhizocaulis Klot7sch, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

6:35 1, 1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):341, 1864. 

= Begonia rhizocaulis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rotata (Liebniann) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

M’iss. Berlin, 1854, p. 21 1, 1855; Begoniac., 91, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1): 335, 1864. 

= Begonia carolineifolia Regel, 1852. 

sarcophjlla (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 208, 1855; 

Begoniac., 88, 1855, “sarchoph$la”.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):337, 1864 [= 

Begonia sarcophylla Liebmann, 18531,- 

L.B. Smith XC B.G. Schubert, Fieldiana: 

Bot., 24:173, 1961 [=Begonia lindleyana 

M’alpers, 1843].-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:472, 1984. 

= Begonia sarcophylla Liebmann, 1853. 

schzzolepis (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 214, 1855; Begoniac., 94, 1855 

[= manicata Klotzsch, 18551; A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):388, 1861. 

= Begonia nianicata Brongniart var. manicata, 1842. 

sericoneura (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 209, 1855; 

Begoniac., 89, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):336, 1864 [= Begonia sericoneura Liebniann, 1853].-L.B. Smith 

& B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:11, pl. 2, 

1946 [= Begonia lindleyana sensu L.B. 

Smith XC B.G. Schubert, 1946; non Walpers, 1843].-K. Burt-Utley, Phytologia, 

54:488, 1984. 

= Begonia sericoneura Liebmann, 1853. 

setosa Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. u’iss. Berlin 125, 1854, nomen nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. M’iss. Berlin 

1854, p. 212, 1855: Begoniac., 92, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

338, 1864 [= Begonia setqera A. de Candolle, 18641.-K. Burt-Utley, Tulane 

Studies Zool. Bot., 25(1), 1985.-L.B. 

Smith XC D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:472, 1984. 

= Begonia urophylla W.J. Hooker, 1855. 

setulosa (Bertoloni) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 2 1 1, 1855; Begoniac., 91, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):396, 1864. 

= Begonia setulosa Bertoloni, 1840. 

squarrosa (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

210, 1855; Begoniac., 90, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):343, 1864. 

= Begonia squarrosa Liebmann, 1853. 

stigmosa (Lindley) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

213, 1855: Begoniac., 93, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):343, 1864. 

strzgillosa (Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Kon- 

= Begonia stigmosa Lindley, 1845. 
NL’MBER 60 263 

igl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

213, 1855; Begoniac., 93, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):342, 1864. 

= Begonia strigillosa Dietrich, 185 1. 

urophylla (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. U’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 212, 1855; 

Begoniac., 92, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):339, 1864. 

= Begonia urophylla W7.J. Hooker, 1855. 

uitijolia (Lindley) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 207, 1855; Begoniac., 87, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):336, 1864. 

= Begonia lindleyana Walpers, 1843. 

warscewicziana Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 217, 1855; Begoniac., 97, 1855, pro syn. Gireoudia conchifolia var. warscewicziana Klotzsch, 1855.- 

A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):338, 

1864. 

= Begonia conchifolia Dietrich var. conchifolia, 1851. 

Gurltia 

boucheana Klotzsch, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., IV, 

633.51, 1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):373, 1864. 

= Begonia boucheana A. de Candolle, 1864. 

meyeri (Otto 8c Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

18.54, p. 177, pl. 4B, 1855; Begoniac., 57, 

pl. 4B, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):376, 1861. 

= Begonia tomentosa var. eriocaulis A. de 

Candolle, 186 1. 

rigida Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 177, 1855; Begoniac., 57, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):376, 1861. 

= Begonia rigida Regel, 1854. 

strigulosa Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 323, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

399, 1864. 

= Begonia strigulosa A. de Candolle, 1864. 

tomentosa (Schott) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 177, 1855; Begoniac., 57, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):376, 1861. 

= Begonia tomentosa Schott var. tomentosa, 

1827. 

Haagea 

dipetala (Graham) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. CYiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

224, pl. 9C, 1855; Begoniac., 104, pl. 9C, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

391, 1864. 

= Begonia dipetala Graham, 1828. 

Hoflmannella 

rosea Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):299, 1864, pro syn. Begonia rosea A. 

de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4:78, 1946. 

= Begonia semiovata Liebmann, 1853. 

Huszia 

octopetala (1’Heritier) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 12 1, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

138, pl. lA, 1855; Begoniac., 18, pl. lA, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

284, 1864. 

= Begonia octopetala I’Heritier var. octopetala, 1788. 

rubricaulis (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 139, 1855; 

Begoniac., 19, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):283, 1864. 

= Begonia rubricaulis W.J. Hooker var. rubricaulis, 1844. 
264 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Isopteris 

longirostris (Bentham) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 

1854.--A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(l): 

272, 403, 1864 [= Casparja longirostris A. 

de Candolle, 18641.-L.B. Smith & D.C. 

M’asshausen, Phytologia, 44:242, 1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

umbellata (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) 

Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 252, pl. 

12B, 1855; Begoniac., p. 132, pl. 12B, 

1855 [= Zsopteryx umbellata Klotzsch, 

1855].-A. de Candolle Prodr., 15( 1): 

270, 1864 [= Casparya umbellata A. de 

Candolle, 1864].-C. de Candolle, Bull. 

Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia umbellata Humboldt, Bonpland 

& Kunth, 1825. 

Isop teryx 

umbellata (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) 

Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 252, 1855; Begoniac., 132, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prod., 15(1):270, 

1864 [= Casparya umbellata A. de Candolle, 1864].-C. de Candolle, Bull. 

Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia umbellata Humboldt, Bonpland 

& Kunth, 1825. 

Knesebeckia 

aucubifolia hort. Berol. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

1854, “aucubaefolia”; Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 162, 1855; Begoniac., 42, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):309, 1864. 

= Begonia incarnata Link & Otto var. incarnata, 1829. 

acutiloba (Liebmann) Klotzsch ex Walpers, Ann. 

Bot. Syst., 4:889, 1858. 

= Begonia acutiloba Liebmann, 1853. 

balmisiana (Balmis) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

U‘iss. Berlin, 1854, p. 168, 1855; Begoniac., 48, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):308, 1864. 

= Begonia balmisiana Balmis var. balmisiana, 1794. 

biserrata (Lindley) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 165, 1855; Begoniac., 45, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):305, 1964. 

= Begonia biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 

1847. 

bracteata Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 3 16, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

317, 1864. 

= Begonia lepida Blume, 1827. 

bulbifera (Link) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

167, 185.3; Begoniac., 47, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):311, 1864. 

= Begonia bulbillifera Link & Otto, 183 1. 

crenatiflora Klotzsch 8c Putzeys, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 165, 1855; 

Begoniac., 45, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Pr-odr., 15( 1):306, 1864 [= Begonia crenatzflora A. de Candolle, 1864].-L.B. 

Smith 8i D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:466, 1984; Phytologia, 55: 11 2, 1984. 

= Begonia biserrata Lindley var. biserrata, 

1847. 

crenattjlora sensu L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phvtologia, 54:472, 1984, non Klotzsch & 

Putreys, 1855; Phytologia, 55: 11 2, 1984. 

= Begonia pedata Liebmann, 1853. 

discolor (R. Brown) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

164, 1855; Begoniac., 44, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):3 13, 1864 [= 

Begonia euansiana Andrew, I8 1 11.- 
NUMBER 60 265 

Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 

10:492, 1939. 

= Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana 

Irmscher, 1939. 

falczloba (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

ALad. il'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 166, 1855; 

Begoniac., 46, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):3 1 1, 1864. 

= Begonia falciloba Liebmann, 1853. 

ignea Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

18.54, p. 166, 1855; Begoniac., 46, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1.5(1):306, 1864. 

= Begonia ignea M'arszewicz ex A. de Candolle var. ignea, 1864. 

inrarnata (Link & Otto) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

18.54; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

18.54, p. 163, 1855; Begoniac., 43, 

18.?1.5.--A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

309, 1864. 

= Begonia incarnata Link 8c Otto var. incarIiilta, 1829. 

martiana (Link & Otto) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

18.54; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

18.34, p. 167, pl. 2C, 1855; Begoniac., 47, 

pl. 2C, 1 X.i.i.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):3 10, 1864. 

= Begonia gracilis var. martiana A. de Canmonoptera (Link M- Otto) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

ilkad. Lt'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 168, 1855; 

Begoniac., 48, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 1 .5( 1):308, 1864 [= Begonia monoptera Link 8c Otto, 18281.-C. Karegeaiines, Begonian, .30: 10, 1983. 

= Begonia balmisiana Balmis var. balniisiana. 1794. 

dolle, 1864. 

papillosa (Graham) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. t\kad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

163, 185.5; Begoniac., 43, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):309, 1864. 

= Begonia incarnata var. papillosa A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

pedata (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 164, 1855; Begoniac., 44, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):306, 1864. 

= Begonia pedata Liebmann, 1853. 

phyllomaniaca (Martius) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 

1854.--Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 4:890, 

1858, taxon hybridogenum. 

= Begonia X phpllonianiaca Martius, 1852. 

Lauchea 

verticillata (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. M'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 242, 1855; 

Begoniac., 122, 185.5.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):353, 1864. 

= Begonia adenopoda Lemaire, 1857. 

Lepsia 

foliosa (Huniboldt, Bonpland 8c Kunth) Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

182, 1855; Begoniac., 62, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):375, 1864. 

= Begonia foliosa Humboldt, Bonpland 8c 

Kunth var. foliosa. 1825. 

microphylla Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 18.54, p. 182, pl. 5'4, 1855; Begoniac., 62, pl. 5A, Lepsia foliosa, 1855.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):375, 1864. 

= Begonia niicrophylla A. de Candolle var. 

microphylla 1864. 

poeppigiana Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 183, 1855; Begoniac., 63, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

376, 1864 [= Begonia poeppigiana A. de 

Candolle, 1864].-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 54:472, 1984. 

= foliosa var. australis L.B. Smith 8c B.G. 

Schubert, 1946. 
266 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Magnusia 

fusca (Liebmann) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 222, pl. 9B, 1855; 

Begoniac., 102, pi. 9B, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):334, 1864. 

= Begonia fusca Liebmann, 1852. 

maxima hort. ex Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

223, 1855; Begoniac., 103, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):334, 1864 [= Begonia maxima hort. ex A. de Candolle, 

1864].-L.B. Smith and B.G. Schubert, 

Fieldiana: Bot., 24:167, 1961. 

= Begonia fusca Liebniann, 1852. 

Merierea 

grfjthiana A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\‘, 11:144, 1859.-C.B. Clarke in 

J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 2:644, 1879 

[= Begonia episcopalis C.B. Clarke, 

1879].-Warburg in Engler lk Prantl, 

Nat. Pflanzenfarn., 3(6A): 142, 1894. 

= Begonia griffithiana Warburg, 1894. 

molleri C. de Candolle, Bol. Soc. Brot., 10:124, 

1892.--Warburg in Engler lk Prantl, Nat. 

Pflari7enfam., 3(6A): 141, 1894. 

= Begonia molleri Warburg, 1894. 

nepulensis A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 

I\’, 1 1 : 144, 1859, nonieii nuduni; Prodr., 

15( 1):406, 1864.-C.B. Clarke in J.D. 

Hooker, FI. Brit. India, 2:643, 1879, 

sphalmate pro Begonia gigantea Wallich ex 

C.B. Clarke, 1879.-Warburg in Engler 

K- Prantl, Natur. Pflanzenfam, 3(6A): 142, 

1894. 

= Begonia nepalensis Warburg var. nepalensis, 1894. 

nepalensis A. de Candolle, var. micropteron A. 

de C;andolle, Prodr., 15(1):407, 1864.- 

J. Doorenbos, Check List Begonia Sp., 35, 

197 1, ined.-J. Doorenbos ex F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. Begoniaceae, ed. 

2:85, 1974. 

= Begonia nepalensis var. micropteron J. 

Doorenbos ex F.A. Barkley 8c J. Golding, 

1972. 

salaziensis Gaudichaud, Voy. Bonite, Eot., pl. 32, 

184 1 .-Klotzsch, IMonatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

187, 1855; Begoniac., 67, 1855, “salaciensis”.-Warburg in Engler lk Prantl, Nat. 

Pflanzenfam, 3(6A): 139, 1894. 

= Begonia salaziensis Warburg, 1894. 

salaziensis \,ar. comorensis A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., I.?( 1):408, 1864.--Warburg in 

Engler & Prantl, Kat. Pflanzenfani., 

3(6A): 139, 1894. 

= Begonia comorensis Miarburg, 1894. 

salaziensis var. calleryana A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 1.5( 1):408, 1864.-Fernandez- 

\’illar in Blanco lk Mercado, FI. Filip, ed. 

3, 4:99, 1880 [=Begonia aptera var. callerjana Fernandez-Villar, 1880].--Merrill, 

Philipp. J. Sci., 6:374, 1912. 

= Begonia pseudolateralis Warburg, 1904. 

Mitscherlichia 

albo-coccinea (1V.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. U’iss. Berlin, 124, 

18.54; ,4bh. Konigl. Akad. Miiss. Berlin 

18.54, p. 193, pl. 6A, 1855; Begoniac., 73, 

pl. 6A, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):389, 1864. 

= Begonia albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, 

184.5. 

coriucea (Hasskarl) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 194, 1855; Begoniac., 74, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):390, 1864 [= Begonia peltata sensu 

Hasskarl, 1843].-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

47:293, 198 1. 

Begonia coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 
NUMBER 60 267 

grahamiana Hasskarl, Hort. Bog. Desc., 334, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

389, 1864. 

= Begonia albo-coccinea W.J. Hooker, 

1845. 

junghuhniana Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:696, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

390, 1864 [= Begonia junghuhniana Miquel, 18571.-Backer & Van den Brink, 

FI. Java, 1:309, 1964. 

= Begonia coriacea Hasskarl, 1844. 

lobbii Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 33 1, 

1838.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

390, 1864. 

= Begonia lobbii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

repens Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., Eerste bijv., 333, 

1861 .-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

391, 1864. 

= Begonia mollis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

rubro-setulosa Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 

336, 1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):390, 1864. 

= Begonia rubro-setulosa A. de Candolle, 

1864. 

stictopoda Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:1092, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., I5( 1): 

391, 1864. 

= Begonia stictopoda A. de Candolle, 1864. 

trichopoda Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., Eerste bijv.:333, 

186 1 .-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):386, 1864. 

= Begonia trichopoda Miquel, 1858. 

Monopteron 

nepalensis sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2:85, 1974, sphalmate 

pro Melerieria nepalensis A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

trisulcatum sensu F.A. Barkley & J. Golding, Sp. 

Begoniaceae, ed. 2: 132, 1974, sphalmate 

pro Casparya trisulcata A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

Moschkowitzia 

fagopyroides (Kunth) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 

197, pl. 8A, 1855; Begoniac., 77, pl. 8A, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

289, 1864 [= Begonia fagopyroides Kunth 

8c Bouche, 18451.-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. 

Wasshausen, Phytologia, 52:443, 1983. 

= Begonia denticulata Humboldt, Bonpland 

8c Kunth, 1825. 

wageneria A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):366, 

1864, sphalmate pro wagenerana Klotzsch, 

1855. 

wagenerana (Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 197, 1855; 

Begoniac, 77, 1855 “wageneriana”.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):289, 1864. 

= Begonia wagenerana W.J. Hooker, Bot. 

Mag., vol. 83, pl. 4988, 1857, non W.J. 

Hooker, pl. 5047, 1858. 

Nephromischus 

rutilans (Van Houtte) Klotzsch, Ind. Sem. Hort. 

Berol., app., 1, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):374, 1864. 

= Begonia rutilans hort. Van Houtte ex A. 

de Candolle, 1864. 

Petermannia 

cumingiana Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1834, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 195, pl. 6C, 1855; Begoniac., 75, 

pl. 6C, 1855.-Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1 :69 1, I856 [= Diploclinium cumingianum Miquel, 1856].-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):320, 1864. 

= Begonia cumingiana A. de Candolle, 

1864. 
268 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

fasciculata (‘Jack) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

195, 1835; Begoniac., 75, 1855.-Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:690. 1856 [= Diploclinium fasciculata Miquel, 1856].-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):322, 1864. 

= Begonia fasciculata Jack, 1822. 

geniculata (Jack) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

196, 1855; Begoniac., 76, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):321, 1864. 

= Begonia isoptera Dryander ex J.E. Smith, 

1790. 

racemosa (‘Jack) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1834; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

196, 1855; Begoniac., 76, 1855.--Miquel, FI. Xed. Ind., 1.1:691, 1856 [= Diploclinium racemosum Miquel, 1856].-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):322, 1864. 

= Begonia raceniosa Jack, 1822. 

Pilderia 

erythrotricha Klotzsch in herb. Berol. ex A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):344, 

186 1, pro syn. Begonia humilis var. porterana A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

hirsuta Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. U’iss. Berlin, 127, 1854, nomen 

nudum.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

13( 1):381, 1864, pro syn. Begonia pawniana A. de Candolle, 1859.-O.E. Schulz 

in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:27, 191 1. 

= Begonia humilis Dryander var. humilis in 

Aiton, 1789. 

urticifolia Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854, “urticaefolia,” nomen nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 186, pl. 7A, 1855; 

Begoniac., 66, pl. 7A, 1855.--Warburg 

in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

3(6A): 144, 1894 [= Begonia urticijolia 

Warburg, 18941.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, Caldasia, 4: 100, 1946. 

= Begonia buddleiifolia A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

Platycentrum 

annulatum K. Koch, Berl. Garten., 2, 1837, non 

\,isus.-Regel, Gartenflora, 8: 15, 1859. 

-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

350, 1864 [= Begonia grijfithii W.J. 

Hooker, 1837].-Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb. 

Syst., 78:191, 1959. 

= Begonia annulata K. Koch, 1837. 

cathcartii (J.D. Hooker & Thomson) Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

245, 1855; Begoniac., 123, 1855. 

= Begonia cathcartii J.D. Hooker & Thomson, 1855. 

discolor (R. Brown) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1:694, 1856.-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. 

Allg. Bot. Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana 

Irnischer, 1939. 

erosum (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:694, 

1856.-Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung., 15: 182, 

1857 [= Sphenanthera erosa Hasskarl ex 

Klotzsch, 1838].-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):276, 1864 [= Casparya erosa 

A. de Candolle, 18641.-Warburg in 

Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia erosa Blume, 1827. 

hamiltonianum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:695, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

295, 1864 [= Begonia acuminata Dryander, 1781].-O.E. Schulz in Urban, 

Symb. Antil., 7:13, 191 1. 

= Begonia acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

multangulum (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1 :695, 1856.-Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung., 
NUMBER 60 269 

15: 182, 1857 [= Spenanthera multangula 

Klotzsch, 1857].-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):275, 1864 [= Casparya multangula A. de Candolle, 1864].-Warburg in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfani., 3(6A):146, 1894. 

= Begonia multangula Blume var. multangula, 1827. 

multangulum var. glabrata Miquel, FI. Ned. 

Ind., 1.1:695, 1856.-Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung., 15:182, 1857 [= Spenanthera multangula Klotzsch, 1857].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):276, 1864 [= Casparya multangula var. glabrata A. de Candolle, 1864].--Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia multangula var. glabrata Miquel, 

1857. 

robustum (Blume) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:694, 

1856.-Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung, 15: 182, 

1857 [= Spenanthera robusta Hasskarl ex 

Klotzsch, 18571.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):275, 1864 [= Casparya robusta A. de Candolle, 18641.-Warburg 

in Engler 8c Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia robusta Blume var. robusta, 

1827. 

robustum Miquel var. hirsutior Miquel, FI. Ned. 

Ind., Eerste bijv., 332, 1861.-J. Golding 

8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:499, 

1984. 

= Begonia robusta var. hirsutior J. Golding 

8c C. Karegeannes, 1984. 

rubro-venium (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. KOnigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 244, pl. 

11B, 1855; Begoniac., 124, pl. 11B, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

347, 1864 [= Begonia rubro-venia W.J. 

Hooker, 1853].-H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot., 

47: 143, 1972. 

= Begonia hatacoa F. Hamilton ex D. Don, 

1825. 

rupicolum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1:693, 

1856.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

352, 1864. 

= Begonia rupicola Miquel, 1857. 

tenuqolium (Dryander) Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 

1.1:693, 1856. 

= Begonia tenuifolia Dryander, 179 1. 

teysmannianum Miquel, FI. Ned. Ind., 1.1 : 1092, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

276, 1864 [= Casparya teysmanniana Miquel ex A. de Candolle, 1864].-Warburg 

in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia teysmanniana Warburg, 1894. 

xanthinum (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 243, 1855; 

Begoniac., 123, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):347, 1864. 

= Begonia xanthina W.J. Hooker var. xanthina, 1852. 

zollingeranum Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin, 1854, p. 245, 1855; Begoniac., 125, 1855, “zollingerianum”.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):351, 1864. 

= Begonia zollingerana A. de Candolle, 

1859. 

Pritzelia 

angulata Klotzsch ex Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. Maxim. 

Bras., 5 1, 1866, pro syn. Begonia angulata 

Vellozo var. angulata, 183 1. 

coccinea (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1954, p. 228, 1855; Begoniac., 108, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras. 4(1):360, 1861. 

= Begonia coccinea W.J. Hooker, 1843. 

deflexa A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):362, 1864, 

sphalmate pro Wageneria deJexa Klotzsch, 

1855, pro syn. Begonia scandens Swartz, 
270 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1788.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 191 1. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

fischeri (Otto & Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 228, pl. IOB, 1855; Begoniac., 

108, pl. IOB, 1855.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):360, 1861 [=fischeri Otto & Dietrich, 1836].-Irmscher, 

Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 7650, 1953. 

= Begonia dietrichiana Irmscher, 1953. 

glabra A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):362, 1864, 

sphalmate pro Wageneria glabra Klotzsch, 

1855; pro syn. Begonia scandens Swartz, 

1788.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 1911. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

glauca Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 229, 1855; Begoniac., 109, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

330, 1864. 

= Begonia glauca Ruiz & Pavon ex A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

lucida A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):362, 1864, 

sphalmate pro Wageneria lucida Klotzsch, 

1855; pro syn. Begonia scandens Swartz, 

1788.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 191 1. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

montana A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):362, 

1864, sphalmate pro Wageneria montana; 

pro syn. Begonia scandens Swartz, 1788.- 

O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 

191 1. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

princeps Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 231, 1855; Begoniac., 111, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. 

Bras., 4(1):357, 1861. 

= Begonia princeps A. de Candolle var. princeps, I86 1. 

ramentacea (Paxton) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 231, 1855; Begoniac., 111, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. 

Bras., 4(1):356, 1861. 

= Begonia ranientacea Paxton, 1846. 

sanguinea (Raddi) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

229, 1855; Begoniac., 109, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, F1. Bras., 4(1):357, 

1861. 

= Begonia sanguinea Raddi, 1820. 

zebrina Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 230, 1855; Begoniac., 110, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):360, 1861. 

= Begonia angularis Raddi var. angularis, 

1820. 

Putzeysia 

gemmipara (W.J. Hooker & Thomson) Klotzsch, 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

255, 1855; Begoniac., 135, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):3 15, 1864. 

=Begonia gemmipara J.D. Hooker & 

Thomson, 1855. 

Rachia 

kana (Lindley) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 189, 1855; Begoniac., 69, 1955.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):326, 1864 [= Begonia incana var. 

aurformis A. de Candolle, 18641.-J. 

Golding, Phytologia, 47:292, 198 1. 
NUMBER 60 27 1 

= Begonia peltata var. auriformis J. Golding, 

1981. 

meyeri (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 189, 1855; 

Begoniac., 69, 1855.-J. Doorenbos, Begonian, 41:168, 1974. 

= Begonia sunorchis C. Chevalier, 1938. 

peltata (Otto & Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 189, pl. 6B, 1855; Begoniac., 69, 

pl. 6B, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):326, 1864 [= Begonia incana 

Lindley, 18411.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

47:292, 198 1. 

= Begonia peltata Otto & Dietrich var. Peltata, 1841. 

polygonata Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):327, 1864, pro syn. Begonia polygonata Liebniann var. polygonata, 1853. 

Reichenheimia 

stelzneri Klotzsch in Otto tk Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 24:205, 1856.-Warburg in 

Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 

13(6A): 14 1, 1894. 

= Begonia stelzneri Warburg, 1894. 

subpeltata (Wight) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 175, 1855; Begoniac., 55, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):386, 1864. 

= Begonia subpeltata Wight, 1852. 

thwaitesii (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 175, pl. 4A, 

1855; Begoniac., 55, pl. 4A, 1855.-A. 

de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):386, 1864 [= 

Begonia thwaitesii W.J. Hooker, 18531.- 

C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind., 

2:652, 1879. 

= Begonia tenera Dryander, 179 1. 

zeylanica Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenzeitung, 24:205, 1856.-Fide J. Doorenbos, Check List Begonia Sp., 59, 1971, 

ined. [= Begonia thwaitesii W.J. Hooker, 

1853].-C.B. Clarke in J.D. Hooker, FI. 

Brit. Ind., 2:652, 1879. 

= Begonia tenera Dryander, 179 1. 

Riessia 

ferruginea Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 124, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, pl. 5C, 1855; Begoniac., pl. 5C, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):379, 1861. 

= Begonia hookerana Gardner, 1845. 

pulchella (Raddi) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Miiss. Berlin, 124, 1854. 

= Begonia pulchella Raddi, 182 1. 

Rossmannia 

repens Klotzsch, iMonatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 125, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 219, pl. 9A, 1855; Begoniac., 99, 

pl. 9A, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):333, 1864. 

= Begonia rossmaniae A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Sassea 

columnaris (Bentham) Klotisch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Ahad. Wiss. Berlin, 128, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. M’iss. Berlin 1854, p. 

254, 1855; Begoniac., 134, 1855.--A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):274, 1864 [= Casparya columnarzs A. de Candolle, 

1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia ur-ticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

glabra Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 128, 1854, nomen 

nuduni; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 254, pl. 12C, 1855; Begoniac., 

134, pl. 12C, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 
272 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Prodr., 15(1):274, 1864 [= Casparya columnaris var. glabra A. de Candolle, 

1864].-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 

Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13:187, 

1941 [= Begonia columnaris var. glabra 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, 19411; Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

hoffmanniana Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):275, 1864 [= Casparya urticae var. 

hispida A. de Candolle, 1864].-Standley, 

Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 

18:747, 1937 [= Begonia torresii Standley, 

19271.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

urticae (Linnaeus f.) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 128, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

253, 1855; Begoniac., 133, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):274, 1864 [= Casparya urticae var. hispida A. de Candolle, 

1864].-Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. 

Hist., Bot. Ser., 18:747, 1937 [= Begonia 

torresii Standley, 1927].-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

Saueria 

crenata Hasskarl, Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., 139, 1855, 

non visus. 

= Begonia crenata Dryander, 179 1. 

sulcata (Scheidweiler) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 122, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

161, pl. 2A, 1855; Begoniac., 41, pl. 2A, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., l5(l): 

288, 1864 [= Begonia sulcata ScheidMeiler, 1848].-L.B. Smith, Phytologia, 

27:218, 1973. 

= Begonia dichotonia Jacquin, 1790. 

Scheidweileria 

digitata (Raddi) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

180, pl. 4C, 1855; Begoniac., 60, pl. 4C, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):374, 1861. 

= Begonia digitata Raddi var. digitata, 182 1. 

ferrata Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854, nomen 

n ud u m . 

incisoserrata Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 181, 1855; Begoniac., 61, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

371, 1864. 

= Begonia incisoserrata A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

luxurians (Scheidweiler) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 180, 1855; Begoniac., 60, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):374, 1861. 

= Begonia luxurians Scheidweiler var. luxurians. 1848. 

muricata (Scheidweiler) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 179, 1855; Begoniac., 59, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. 

Bras., 4(1):373, 1861. 

= Begonia pentaphylla Walpers, 1843. 

parvzjlora (Poeppig & Endlicher) Klotzsch, Abh. 

Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 179, 

1855; Begoniac., 59, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):370, 1864. 

= Begonia parviflora Poeppig & Endlicher, 

1835. 
NUMBER 60 273 

repens Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 325, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

391, 1864. 

= Begonia mollis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

sellowiana Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854, nomen 

nudum. 

Semibegoniella 

jamesonia C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 

11, 8:327, 1908.-L.B. Smith & B.G. 

Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:112, 

1955 [= Begonia grewifolia Warburg, 

1894].-L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 44:242, 1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

sodiroi C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:327, 1908.-L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 45:112, 1955 [= 

Begonia grewifolia Warburg, 18941.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 44:242, 1979. 

= Begonia longirostris Bentham, 1845. 

Sphenanthera 

erosa (Hasskarl) Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung., 15: 182, 

18.?7.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

276, 1864 [= Casparya erosa A. de Candolle, 1864].--Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia erosa Blume, 1827. 

multangula Klotisch, Bot. Zeitung., 15: 18 1, 

1857.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

275, 1864 [= Casparya multangula A. de 

Candolle, 1864].-W’arburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia multangula Blume var. multangula, 1827. 

multangula var. glabrata (Miquel) Klotzsch, 

Bot. Zeitung., 15: 182, 1857.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):276, 1864 [= Casparya multangula var. glabrata A. de Candolle, 1864].-Warburg in Engler & 

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 3(6A): 146, 

1894. 

= Begonia multangula var. glabrata Miquel, 

1857. 

robusta Hasskarl ex Klotzsch, Bot. Zeitung., 

15:182, 1857.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15(1):275, 1864. 

= Begonia robusta Blume var, robusta, 

1827. 

robusta Hasskarl var. viridis Hasskarl, Hort. 

Bogor. Descr., 346, 1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):275, 1864 [= Casparya robusta A. de Candolle, 18641.- 

Warburg in Engler & Prantl, Sat. Pflan7enfam., 3(6A): 146, 1894. 

= Begonia robusta Blume var. robusta, 

1827. 

robusta Hasskarl var. rubra Hasskarl, Hort. 

Bogor. Descr., 349, 1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):275, 1864 [= Casparya robusta var. rubra ’4. de Candolle, 

1864].-L.B. Smith 8c D.C. Wasshausen, 

Phytologia, 54:472, 1984. 

niuricata Blunie, 1823. 

Steineria 

ferruginea Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 185, 1855; Begoniac., 65, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):379, 1861. 

= Begonia hookerana Gardner, 1845. 

pulchella Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 185, 1855; Begoniac., 65, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):378, 1861. 

= Begonia arborescens Raddi var. arborescens, 1820. 

Stibadotheca 

ferruginea Klotzsch, t\bh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 250, 1855; Begoniac., 
274 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

130, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

I5( 1):269, 1864 [= Casparya ferruginea A. 

de Candolle, 1864].-C. de Candolle, 

Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 178 1. 

fuchsiifolia (A. de Candolle) Index Kew., suppl. 

1:53, 1902, ‘tfuchsiaefolia,” pro syn. Begonia fuchsiijolia Warburg, 1894.-A. 

Baranov & F.A. Barkley, Phytologia, 

26:220, 1973, sphalma. 

= Begonia fuchsiiflora A. Baranov & F.A. 

Barkley, 1973. 

magnzfica Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 249, 1855; Begoniac., 

129, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1 .i( 1):269, 1864 [= Casparya ferruginea A. 

de Candolle, 1864].-C. de Candolle, 

Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 178 1. 

trachyptera Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 251, 1855; Begoniac., 

131, 1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1 5( 1):274, 1864 [= Casparya trachyptera 

A. de Candolle, 1864].-L.B. Smith & 

B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

urticae Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1.5(1):274, 1864, pro syn. Casparya trachyptera A. de Candolle, 1864.-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:34, 

1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

Stiradotheca 

ferruginea Klot7sch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. U’iss. Berlin, 127, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 250, 

1855; Begoniac., 130, 1855 [= Stibadotheca ferruginea Klotzsch, 1855].-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):269, 1864 [= Casparya ferruginea A. de Candolle, 18641.- 

C. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 

8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 178 1. 

magnijica Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 249, pl. 

12A, 1855; Begoniac., 129, pl. 12A, 1855 

[= Stibadotheca magnzfica Klotzsch, 

I855].-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

15( 1):269, 1864 [= Casparya ferruginea A. 

de Candolle, 1864].-C. de Candolle, 

Bull. Herb. Boissier, 11, 8:319, 1908. 

= Begonia ferruginea Linnaeus f. var. ferruginea, 178 1. 

trachyptera Klotzsch, JMonatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 127, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 251, 

1855; Begoniac., 131, 1855 [= Stibadotheca trachyptera Klotzsch, 1855].-L.B. 

Smith 8c B.G. Schubert, Caldasia, 4:33, 

1946. 

= Begonia urticae Linnaeus f. var. urticae, 

1781. 

Tittelbachia 

albzflora Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

n ud u m . 

castaneifolia (Otto 8c Dietrich) Klotzsch, iMonatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 

126, 1854, “castaneaefolia.” 

= Begonia castaneifolia hort. Petrop. ex 

Otto 8c Dietrich, 1836. 

complicata Hasskarl, Hort. Bogor. Descr., 342, 

1858.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

399, 1864. 

= Begonia complicata A. de Candolle, 1864. 

fuchsioides (M’.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. M’iss. Berlin, 126, 
NUMBER 60 275 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 226, pl. IOA, 1855; Begoniac., 

106, pl. 10A, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):29 1, 1864. 

= Begonia fuchsioides W.J. Hooker, 1847. 

hamiltoniana Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop., 45, 

1860.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., I5( 1): 

295, 1864 [= Begonia acuminata Dryander, 17911.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Sym. 

Antil., 7:13, 1911. 

= Begonia acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

miniata (Planchon 8c Linden) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 

126, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 226, 1855; Begoniac., 106, 

1855.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1): 

291, 1864. 

= Begonia fuchsioides var. miniata A. de 

Candolle, 1864. 

uata A. de Candolle, 1861].-J. Golding 

8c C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 

1984. 

= Begonia lanceolata Vellozo, 183 1. 

rhizocarpus C. Mueller in Walpers, Ann. Bot. 

Syst., 4:910, 1858.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):382, 1861 [= Begonia rhizocarpa Fischer ex A. de Candolle, 18611.-Wawra, Bot. Ergeb. 

Maxim. Brasil., 53, pl. 49, 1866. 

= Begonia depauperata Schott, 1827. 

Trendelenburgia 

fruticosa Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 123, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 172, pl. 3B, 1855; Begoniac., 52, 

pl. 3B, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):377, 1861. 

= Begonia fruticosa A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

Trachelanthus 

Trilomisa 

attenuatus Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 203, 1855; Begoniac., 83, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):383, 1861 [= Begonia attenuata 

A. de Candolle, 1861].-J. Golding and 

C. Karegeannes, Phytologia, 54:494, 

1984. 

= Begonia lanceolata Vellozo, 183 1. 

rhizocarpus Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin, 1854, p. 203, pl. 8C, 1855; Begoniac., 83, pl. 8C, 1855.-A. de Candolle in 

Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):382, 1861 [= Begonia rhizocarpus Fischer ex A. de Candolle, 1861].-Waw~a, Bot. Ergeb. 

Maxim. Brasil., 53, pl. 49, 1866. 

= Begonia depauperata Schott, 1827. 

Trachelocarpus 

attenuatus C. Mueller in Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 

4:910, 185’7.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):383, 1861 [=Begonia attenundulata Rafinesque, FI. Tellur., 2:9 1, 1836. 

= Begonia undulata Schott, 1827. 

Wageneria 

brasiliensis Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 239, 1855; Begoniac., 119, 

1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. 

Bras., 4(1):362, 1861. 

= Begonia polygonifolia A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

convolvulacea Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, 

nomen nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. 

Berlin 1854, p. 236, 1855; Begoniac., 

116, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

F1. Bras., 4(1):367, 1861. 

Begonia convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 

1861. 
276 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

dejlexa Klotzsch, LMonatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nuduni; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 233, 1855; Begoniac., 113, 

1855.-0.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 191 1. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

dichotoma (Jacquin) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

237, 1855; Begoniac., 117, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1):367, 1864. 

= Begonia dichotoma Jacquin, 1790. 

fagfolia (Fischer) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

233, pl. IOC, 1855; Begoniac., 113, pl. 

lOC, 1855.-A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4(1):363, 1861. 

= Begonia epibaterium Martius ex A. de 

Candolle var. epibaterium, 186 1, pro 

parte. 

= Begonia fagifolia Fischer, 1836, pro parte. 

glabra (Aublet) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. 

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; 

Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 

235, 1855; Begoniac., 115, 1855.-0.E. 

Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 191 1. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

glandulosa Klotzsch, herb. Berol. ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15(1):389, 1864, pro syn. 

Begonia glandulosa sensu A. de Candolle, 

1864.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 40:460, 

1978. 

= Begonia multinervia Liebmann, 1853. 

hispida Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI. Bras., 4( 1):364, 1861, pro syn. Begonia 

hispida Schott var. hispida, 1827. 

huegelii Klotzsch in append. Gen. & Sp. Herb. 

Berol., 2, 1855, “hugellii,” non visus.-A. 

de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 

4( 1):366, 186 1. 

= Begonia huegelii A. de Candolle, 186 1. 

incisoserrata Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):374, 1861, sphalmate 

pro Scheidweilera incisoserrata Klotzsch, 

1855. 

= Begonia incisoserrata A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

longiceps (U’.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854, sphalmate pro Wageneria longipes, 

1853. 

longipes (W.J. Hooker) Klotzsch, Abh. Konigl. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 237, 1855; 

Begoniac., 1 17, 1855.-A. de Candolle, 

Prodr., 15(1):363, 1864 [= Begonia longipes W.J. Hooker, 1830].--Irmscher, 

Webbia, 12:506, 1957. 

= Begonia reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

lucida (Otto & Dietrich) Klotzsch, Monatsber. 

Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 234, 1855; Begoniac., 114, 

1855.-0.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 191 1. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

montana Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nudum; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 235, 1855; Begoniac., 115, 

1855.-O.E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 1911. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775. 

moritziana Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nudun1.-A. de Candolle, Prodr., 15( 1): 

292, 1864. 

= Begonia meridensis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

renformis (Dryander) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 

1854.-A. de Candolle in Martius, F1. 

Bras., 4(1):368, 1861 [= Begonia longipes 

var. laticordata A. de Candolle, 186 I].- 

Irmscher, Webbia, 12:506, 1957. 

= Begonia reniformis Dryander, 179 1. 

rugosa Klotzsch, LMonatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 
NUMBER 60 277 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 236, 

1855; Begoniac., 116, 1855 [= Wageneria 

convolvulacea Klotzsch, 1855].-A. de 

Candolle in Martius, FI. Bras., 4(1):367, 

1861. 

= Begonia convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

scabrida Klotzsch ex A. de Candolle, Prodr., 

1.5(1):367, 1864, pro syn. Begonia scabrida A. de Candolle, 1864. 

scandens Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

n udum . 

schottiana Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. 

Akad. u'iss. Berlin, 126, 1854, nomen 

nuduni; Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 

1854, p. 236, 1855; Begoniac., 116, 1855, 

pro syn. Il'ageneria convolvulacea Klotzsch, 

18.55.--A. de Candolle in Martius, 

FI.Bt-as., 4(1):367, 1861. 

= Begonia convolvulacea A. de Candolle, 

1861. 

tomentosa (Schott) Iilotisch, hlonatsber. Konigl. 

Pre~154. ,\Lid. il'iss. Berlin, 126, 1854.- 

14. de (hdolle in hlartius, FI. Bras., 

4( 1 ):364, 186 1 . 

= Begoni'i hi9pida Schott Lar. hispida, 1827. 

tlitifolia (Schott) Klotzsch, hlonatsber. Konigl. 

1'1-euss. :lkad. Wiss. Berlin, 126, 1854; 

A11li. Konigl. ilkad. M'iss. Berlin 1854, p. 

236, 18.55: Begoiiiac., 116, 1855.--A. de 

(:atidolle in hlartius, FI. Bras., 4( 1):369, 

186 1 [= Begonia vitifolia Schott, 18271.- 

L.B. Sntitli K- D.C. L$'asshai~sen, Ph~~ologia. .52:346, 1983. 

= Begonia reniforniis Dryandel-, 1791. 

Weilbachia 

pustulata (Liebni,inn) Klot7sch, Abh. Konigl. 

ALid. \l'i$$. Berlin 18.54, p. 24 1, 1853; 

Begotii,ic., 12 1, 185.5.--11. de Cmdolle, 

Prodr., 15( 1):345, 1864. 

= Begonia pustulata Liebrnann, 1853. 

reptans Klot7sch & Oersted, Abh. Konigl. ,4kad. 

Wiss. Berlin 1854, p. 240, pl. 1 IA, 1835; 

Begoniac., 120, pl. 1 IA, 1855.-A. de 

Candolle, Prodr., 15( l):34.5, 1864 [= Begonia liebmannii A. de Candolle, 18641.- 

L.B. Smith & B.G. Scliubert, Fieldiana: 

Bot.. 24:174. 1961. 

= Begonia ludicra A. de Candolle, 1859. 

Names Prior to Linnaeus' Species Plantarum, 

1753 

The names are listed in chronological order, 

folloived by their correct Begonia naiiies. 

Totoncaxoxo cojollin Hernandez, Sova Plantat.utn, 

A ii i iii a 1 i u ii i e t \'I ex i ca tia r u m H is t or ia , 1 9 .5, 

1651.-Sesse X- Xlociiio, PI. Nov. Hisp., 

162, 1890 [= Begonia tuberosa sensu Sesse 8c 

hlocino, 189O].-L.B. Smith X- f3.c;. Schiibert, Conti.. Gray Herb., 1.54:27. 194.5. 

= Begonia gt-acilis var. tiiarti;inii A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Tsjeria-narinampuli Rheede, Hot-t. hlal., 9: 167, pl. 

86, 1689.-I.alnal.cl\, Encyc., 1::393, 178.5. 

= Begonia nialabarica 12aniarcl\, 178.5. 

,4ceris jriictu herba anomala, Pore tetrapetalo albo, 

Sloane, <::it. PI. Jam., 85, l69g: Nat. Hist. 

Jam., 1: 199, PI. 127, 17O7.-J;icqiiin, Collectallea, 1 : 128, 1787. 

= Begonia acutifolia Jacquin, 1787. 

Begonia purpurea maxima, folio aurito Plumier, Bot. 

ilmer., vol. 3, pl. .5: figs. 1, 2, 1689-1697, 

ined.: in Toui-nefort, lnst. Kei Herb., app., 

660, 1700; cat. PI. Xnlel.., \.Ol. 2:" 

I 703.-Linii;ieus, Sp. PI., 2: 10.56, 1753.- 

Plumier it1 Butxian, PI. Atiiet.., 1.01. 2, 111. 

4.5: fig. 1, 17.56.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

4.5:221, 1980. 

= Begoiiiii obliqua I ~iii ti;ieus viir. 0111 iq u;i, 

1753. 

Begonia niven maxima, folio aurito Pluniier, Bot. 

Atiier., vol. 3, pl. 6. 1689-1697, ined.: it1 

?'oiit.iiefot.t, Inst. Kei Het-I)., app., 660, pl. 
278 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

442, 1700; Cat. PI. Amer., 2:21, 1703.- 

Linnaeus, Sp. PI., 2: 1056, 1753.-Pluniier 

in Burman, PI. Anier., vol. 2, pl. 45: fig. 1, 

17.36.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:221, 

1980. 

= Begonia obliqua Linnaeus var. obliqua, 

17.53. 

Begonia roseo jlore, folio aurito, minor et glabra Plumier, Bot. Amel-., vol. 3, pl. 2, 1689-1697, 

ined.; in Toui-nefoi-t, Inst. Rei Herb., app., 

660. 1700; Cat. PI. Amer., 20, 1703.- 

Linnaeus, Sp. PI., 2:1056, 1753 [= Begonia 

obliqua \xr. beta Linnaeus, 1753].-O.E. 

Scliulz in biban, Syiiib. Antil., 7:15, 

191 1 .-J. Golding, Phytologia, 45:247, 

1980. 

= Begonia hi-achypoda O.E. Schulz, 191 I. 

Begonia rose0 pore, folio aurito, minor & hirsuta 

Plumier, Bot. Amel.., vol. 3, pl. I, 1689- 

1697, ined.; in Tournefort, Inst. Rei Herb., 

app., 660, 1700: Cat. PI. Anier., 20, 

1 703.-Linnaeus, Sp. PI., 2: 1056, 1753 

[= Begonia obliqua var. gamma Linnaeus, 

1753].-Plumier in Burman, PI. Ainer., vol. 

2, pl. 45: fig. 2, 17.56.-Lamarck, Encycl., 

1 :394, 178.5.-J. Golding, Phytologia, 

39:l 15, 1978. 

= Begonia repens Lamai-ck var. repens, 1785. 

Begonia roseo jlore, folio orbiculari Plumier. Bot. 

Aiiier., vol. 3, pl. 3, 1689-1697, ined.; in 

louixiefort, Inst. Rei Herb., app., 660, 

1700: Cat. PI. Anier., 20, 1 703.-Linnaeus, 

Sp. PI., 2: 10.56, 17.53 [= Begonia obliqua vai-. 

delta Plumier, 1 7.53].-Pluriiier in Burman, 

PI. Amel-., vol. 2, pl. 4.5: main fig., 1756.- 

Lamarck, Encycl., 1 :394, 1785. 

= Begoniii I-otundifolia Lamar-ck, 1785. 

Begonia roseo jlore, foliis acutioribus auritis et late 

crenatis Plumier, Bot. Amer., vol. 3, pl. 4, 

1689-1 697, ined.; in Tournefort, Inst. Rei 

Herb., ;ipp., 660, 1700; Cat. PI. Amer., 20, 

1 iO3.-Liniiaeus, Sp. PI., 2:1056, 1753 [= 

Begonia obliqua var. epsilon Linnaeus, 

17.53].-Pluiiiier in Burman, PI. Amer., vol. 

2, pl. 4.5: fig. 3, 1756.-A. de Candolle, 

= Begonia pltrinier~i X. de <hdolle var. pluI’I~Odl~., 1.5( 1):29.5, 1864. 

iiiieri, 1864. 

Acetosa nigritarum Kame1 in J. Ray, Herb. Philipp., 

3(app): 14, 1704.-Steudel, Nom. Bot., 

1:104, 1821. 

= Begonia nigritarum Steudel, 182 1. 

Sjukaido Kaempfer, Anioen. Exot. Fasc., 5:888, 

17 12.--Thunberg, FI. Jap., 23 1, 1784 [= 

Begonia obliqua sensu Thunberg, 1784, lion 

Linnaeus, 1733].-Kaempfer, Icon. Select. 

PI., pl. 20, 179l.-Dryander, Trans. Linn. 

SOC., 1:164, 1791 [= grandis Dryander, 

179 I].-Irmscher, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. 

Hamburg, 10:492, 1939. 

= Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana Irmscher, 

1939. 

Begonia hirsuta, jlore albo, folio aurito, fructu coronato, Bai-rere, Hist. Fr. Equin., 21, 1741 .- 

Linnaeus, Sp. PI., 2:1056, I753 [= Begonia 

obliqua var. zeta Linnaeus, 1 753].--Aublet, 

Hist. PI. Guiane, 2:913, pl. 348, 1775. 

= Begonia hirsuta Aublet, 1775. 

Empetrum acetosum f. album Rumphius, Herb. Amboinese, 5:457, pl. 169: fig. 2, 1747.--Merrill, Interp. Herb. Aniboin., 379, 1917.- 

L.B. Smith & D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:47 1, 1984. 

= Begonia muricata Blunie, 1823. 

Empetrum acetosum f. cordfolium Rumphius, Herb. 

Amboinense, 5:457, 1747.-Merrill, Interp. Hei-b. Amboin., 379, 1917.-L.B. 

Smith 8c D.C. Washausen, Phytologia, 

54:47 I, 1984. 

= Begonia mollis A. de Candolle, 1864. 

Empetrum acetosum f. rubrum Rumphius, Herb. Amboinense, 5:457, 1747.-Hasskarl, Neu. 

Schuss. Runiph., 146, 1866.--Merrill, Interp. Herb. Aniboin., 379, 1917.-L.B. 

Smith and D.C. Wasshausen, Phytologia, 

54:47 I, 1984. 

= Begonia muricata Blume, 1823. 

Kumex syluestris scandens, foliis cordato-angulatis ab 

altera parte majoribus Broicne, Hist. Jam., 

203, 17.56, syiionyiiio excluso.-O.E. 

Schitlz in Urban, Symb. Antil., 7:6, 191 1.- 

Golding, Phytologia, 45:246, 1980. 

= Begonia glabra Aublet var. glabra, 1775, 

pro palTe. 
279 

1.1, B. crasszcaulzs; 1.2, B. parodzana; 1.3, B. erythrocarpa; 1.4, B. compactzcaulzs 
280 

1.5, B. anemonzflora; 1.6, B. parcifolia; 2.1, B. decaryana; 2.2, B. conchqolia. 
28 1 

2.3, B. polygonata; 2.4, B. lindleyana; 2.5, B.ficicola; 2.6, B. microsperma. 
282 

2.7, B. lacunosa; 2.8, B. staudtii; 2.9, B. schaeferi; 2.10, B. schlechteri. 
283 

2.1 1, B. laporteijolia; 2.12, B. hirsutula; 2.13, B. clypefolia; 2.14, B. anisosepala 
284 

2.15, B. mayombensis; 2.16, B. scutqoliu; 2.17, B. gentilii; 2.18, B. vankerckhovenii. 
285 

2.19, B. quadrialata; 2.20, B. scutulum; 2.21, B. potamophila; 2.22, B. albo-coccinea. 
286 

2.23, 3. rubella; 2.24, 3. kingiana; 2.25, B. hernandioides; 2.26, B. pellat@ia. 
287 

2.27, B. nelumbiijolia; 2.28, B. serotina; 2.29, 8. goegoensis 
288 

2.30, B. coriacea; 2.31, B. rabilii. 
289 

2.32, B. tayabensis; 2.33, B. peninsulae subsp. tambelanensis; 2.34, B. corzoensis; 2.35, B. subperfoliata 
290 

2.36, B. eiromischa; 2.37, B. mollis. 
29 1 

2.38, B. sudjanae; 2.39, B. rufipila; 2.40, B.fellererana; 2.41, B. calderonii. 
292 

2.42, B. asympeltata; 2.43, B. sunorchis; 2.44, B. concinna; 2.45, B. peltfolia 
293 

2.46, B. paulensis; 2.47, B. ignorata; 3.1, B. sparsipila; 3.2, B. manicata. 
294 

3.3, B. josephii; 3.4, B. marojejyensis; 3.5, B. militaris; 3.6, B. subscutata. 
29.5 

3.7, B. schultzei; 3.8, B. gilgii; 3.9, B. ferramica; 3.10, B. trajlora. 
296 

3.1 1, B. batesii; 3.12, B. francisiae; 3.13, B. socotrana; 3.14, B. maurandiae. 
297 

3.1.5, B. geminzjlora; 3.16, B. dodsonii; 3.17, B. hitchcockii; 3.18, B. truncicola 
298 

3.19, B. segregata; 3.20, B. mangorensis; 3.21, B. cavalerzei; 3.22, B. lubbersii. 
299 

3.23, B. flumila; 3.24, B. fabulosa; 3.25, B. umbraculfera; 3.26, B. machrisiana 
300 

3.27, B. aeranthos; 3.28, B. ynesiae; 3.29, B. pululahuana; 3.30, B. rubrotincta. 
30 1 

3.3 1, B. wurdackza; 3.32, B. spadzclflora; 3.33, B. sodiroz; 3.34, B. tropaeolzfolaa. 
302 

3.35, B. trujillensis; 3.36, B. mayasiana; 3.37, B. pruznata; 3.38, B. boucheana. 
303 

3.39, B. biguassuensis; 3.40, B. sinuata; 3.41, B. lealii; 3.42, B. campos-portoana. 
304 

3.43, B. peltata; 3.44, B. kellermanii; 3.45, B. egregia; 3.46, B. pilgerana 
305 

3.47, B. sciadiophora; 4.1, B. hemsleyana; 4.2, B. pentaphylla; 4.3, B. luxurians 
306 

4.4, B. digitata; 4..5, B. incisoserrata; 4.6, B. semidigztata; 4.7, B. altamiroi. 
307 

4.8, B. aconitifolia; 4.9, B. grandipetala; 4.10, B. ignea; 4.1 1, B. sonderana. 
308 

4.12, B. kortsiae; 4.1 3, B. triranosa; 4.14, B. octopetala; 4.15, B. lobata. 
309 

4.16, B. multangula; 4.17, B. rentyoformis; 4.18, B. metallica 
310 

4.19, B. cariocana; 4.20, B. jocelinoi; 4.2 1, B. apparicioi. 
31 1 

4.22, B. acerifolia; 4.23, B. parvzjlora; 4.24, B. gardneri; 4.25, B. platanijolia. 
312 

4.26 B. hymenophylla; 4.27, B. bagotiana; 4.28, B. mananjebensis; 4.29, B. brandisiana. 
313 

4.30, B. collisiae; 4.31, B. philodendroides; 4.32, B. chivatoa; 4.33, B. kenworthyae. 
314 

4.34, B. ludwzgii; 4.35, B. garrettiz; 4.36, B. mzranda; 4.37, B acutzloba. 
4.38, B. taliensis; 4.39, B. obovoidea; 4.40, B. pedatijida; 4.41, B. sikkimensis. 
316 

4.42, B. oxyloba; 4.43, B. baviensis; 4.44, B. hydrophylloides. 
317 

4.45, B. digyna; 4.46, B. circumlobata; 4.47, B. monadelpha; 4.48, B. wollnyi. 
318 

4.49, B. truncataloba; 4.50, B. macrotoma; 4.51. B. cladocarpa; 4.52, B. edulis 
319 

4.53, B. sarmentosa; 4.54, B. bettinae; 4.55, B. involucrata; 4.56, B. scitijola. 
320 

4.57, B. mengtzeana; 4.58, B. palmata; 5.1, B. thiemei; 5.2, B. caroline$olia. 
32 1 

5.3, B. macdougallii; 5.4, B. muliensis; 5.5, B. soror; 5.6, B. gemmipara. 
322 

5.7, B. falciloba; 5.8, B. biserrata; 5.9, B. diadema; 5.10, B. trigonoptera. 
323 

5.1 1, B. heracleifolia; 5.12, B. olzgandra; 5.13, B. suffruticosa; 5.14, B. partita. 
324 

5.15, B. leandrii; 5.16, B. bernieri; 5.17, B. prismatocarpa; 5.18, B. bonthainensis. 
325 

5.19, B. buttonii; 5.20, B. weberbaueri; 5.21, B. angustiloba; 5.22, B. pedata. 
326 

5.23, B. anodzfolia; 5.24, B. cowellii; 5.25, B. lacerata; 5.26, B. aceroides. 
327 

5.27, B. lipingensis; 5.28, B. smithiana; 5.29, B. aglaia; 5.30, B. portillana 
328 

j.31, B. fernaldaana; 5.32, B. velata; .5.33, B. tayloriana; .5.34, B. valllfolia 
329 

6.1, B. gueinziana; 6.2, B. quercqolia; 6.3, B. longibractea; 6.4, B. serratipetala. 
330 

6.5, B. bipinnatzjida; 6.6, B. warburgii; 6.7, B. pinnatzjida; 6.8, B. jlic$olia. 
33 I 

6.9, B. asplenizfolia; 6.10, Symbegonia geraniifolia; 6.1 1, B. humilicaulis; 6.12, B. clemensiae. 
332 

6.13, B. incisa; 6.14, B. hexandra; 6.15, Symbegonia mooreana; 6.16, B. lacera. 
333 

6.17, B. lancfolia; 6.18, B. minutijolia; 6.19, B. loheri; 7.1, B. heteropoda. 
334 

7.2, B. antongilensis; 7.3, B. hydrocotylijolia; 7.4, B. neoperrieri. 
335 

7.6 (top), B. ankaranensis; 7.5, B.Joccijera; 7.7, B. trull$oliG. 
336 

7.8, B. hypolipara; 7.9, B. monophylla; 7.10, B. petasitifolia; 7.1 1, B. nurii 
337 

7.12, B. crispula; 7.13, B. saxfragiyolia; 7.14, B. tominana; 7.15, B. ekmanii. 
338 

7.16, B. rotundifolia; 7.17, B. veztchzi; 7.18, B. geranioides; 7.19, B. intermixta. 
339 

7.20, B. kerrii; 7.21, B. kalabenonensis; 7.22, B. tricuspidata; 7.23, B. incerta. 
340 

8.1, B. ftrnbristipula; 8.2, B. obversa; 8.3, 3. grata; 8.4, 3. adscendens. 
34 1 

8.5, B. discreta; 8.6, B. cordfolia; 8.7, B. putii; 8.8, B. isalensis. 
342 

8.9, B. subtilis; 8.10, B. horsjeldii; 8.1 1, B. moulmeinensis; 8.12, B. anjuanensis. 
343 

8.13, B. klossii; 8.14, B. alpzna; 8.15, B. rheqoliolia; 8.16, B. forbesii. 
344 

8.17, B. tiomanensis; 8.18, B. crenata; 8.19, B. ovatiJolia; 8.20, B. sambiranensis. 
3 4 .i 

8.21, B. antsingyenszs; 8.22, B. henryz; 8.23, B. perpusilla; 8.24, B. macra. 
346 

8.25, B. archboldiana; 8.26, B. aliczae; 8.27, B. wilsonii; 8.28, B. polypetala. 
347 

8.29, B. aequatorialis; 8.30, B. rubricaulis; 8.31, B. gracillima. 
348 

8.32, B. tenuicaulis; 8.33, B. pleiopetala; 8.34, B. rosacea. 
349 

8.35, B. imperialis; 8.36, B. harmandii; 8.37, B. lutea. 
350 

8.38, B. froebelii; 8.39, B. herrerue; 8.40, B. chingii; 8.4 1, B. duvisii. 
33 1 

8.42, B. minjemensis; 8.43, B. morelii; 8.44, B. dioica; 8.45, B. tessaricarpa 
352 

8.46, B. physandra; 8.47, B. woodii; 8.48, B. coronensis; 9.1, B. thaipingensis. 
353 

9.2, B. hoehneana; 9.3, B. subnummularfolia; 9.4, B. bartlettiana; 9.5, B. subacida. 
354 

9.6, B. alba; 9.7, B. secunda; 9.8, B. buseyi; 9.9, B. francoisii. 
355 

9.10, B. asperafolia; 9.1 1, B. kaniensis; 9.12, B. epibaterium; 9.13, B. solananthera. 
356 

9.14, B. radicans; 9.15, B. bowringiana; 9.16, B. houttuynioides; 9.17, B. ndongensis. 
9 18, B. ziagans; 9.19, B. wilcrekiana; 9.20, B. gracilipes; 9.2 1, B. megacarpa. 
9.22, B. anceps; 9.23, B. trichochila; 9.24, B. confusa; 10.1, B. schlumbergerana. 
359 

10.2, B. grisea; 10.3, B. acetosa; 10.4, B. acida; 10.5, B. sleumeri. 
360 

10.6, B. alicida; 10.7, B. delicatula; 10.8, B.fibrosa; 10.9, B. uruapensis. 
10.10, Symbegonia hirta; 10.1 1, B. sibthorpioides; 10.12, B. unzflora; 10.13, B. geraniifoliu 
362 

10.14, B. brachyclada; 10.15, B. leptophylla; 11.1, B. horticola; 11.2, B. fischeri. 
363 

1 1.3, B. libanensis; 11.4, B. martabanica; 11.5, B. baumannii; 1 1.6, B. phrixophylla. 
364 

1 1.7, B. triradiata; 1 1.8, B. canarana; 1 1.9, B. cardiophora; 1 1.10, B. fagi$oLiolia. 
1 1.1 1, B. surculigera; 1 1.12, B. trichocarpa; 1 1.13, B. betsimisaraka; 1 1.14, B. baccata. 
366 

1 1.15, B. satrapis; 1 1.16, B. demissa; 1 1.17, B. prolijera; 1 1.18, B. psilophylla. 
367 

1 1.19, B. erminea; 12.1, B. tilifolia; 12.2, B. pentaphragmfolia; 12.3, B. picta. 
368 

12.4, B. yunnanensis; 12.5, B. brevicaulis; 12.6, B. macambrarensis; 12.7, B. minicarpa. 
369 

12.8, B. meyerz-johannis; 12.9, B. howii; 12.10, B. brevzcordata; 12.11, B. axzllipara. 
370 

12.12, B. wake$eldii; 12.13, B. cathayana; 12.14, B. scabridoidea; 12.15, B. angilogensis. 
37 1 

12.16, B. cubensis; 12.17, B. alice-clarkiae; 12.18, B. guttata; 12.19, B. wadei. 
372 

12.20, B. rhodochlamys; 12.21, B. grandis; 12.22, B. inostegia; 12.23, B. obovatistipula. 
373 

12.24, B. carnosula; 12.25, B. cucullata; 12.26, B. integerrima; 13.1, B. peperomioides. 
374 

13.2, B. plantaginea; 13.3, B. depauperata; 13.4, B. velloriana; 13.5, B. attenuata 
375 

13.6, B. herbacea; 13.7, B. fulvo-setulosa; 13.8, B. lanceolata; 13.9, B. anpaensis. 
376 

13.10, B. nivea; 13.1 1, B. fusicarpa; 13.12, B. perakensis; 13.13, B. rhoephila. 
377 

13.14, B. nana; 13.15, B. scortechznzi; 13.16, B. warpurzz; 13.17, B. squamulosa. 
378 

13.18, B. collina; 14.1, B. cerasiphylla; 14.2, B. albobracteata; 14.3, B. fruticosa. 
379 

14.4, B. parilis; 14.5, B. lancilzmba; 14.6, B. tampinica; 14.7, B. glabra 
380 

14.9 (top), B. tatoniana; 14.8, B. vittarizjolia; 14.10, B. lethomasiae. 
38 1 

14.1 1, B. gracilipetzolata; 14.12, B. rubro-marginata; 14.13, B. nicolai-hallei; 14.14, B. rubronenmta 
382 

14.15, B. elaeagnifolia; 14.16, B. gladiifolia; 14.17, B. crassipes; 14.18, B. zimmermannii 
383 

14.19, B. eminiz; 14.20, B. mannii; 14.21, B. declinata; 14.22, B. smilacina 
384 

14.24 (top), B. lunatistyla; 14.23, B. aberrans; 14.25, B. polygonoides. 
14.26, B. montana; 14.27, B. pubescens; 14.28, B. urdanetensis; 14.29, B. pilosella 
386 

14.30, B. hullettii; 14.31, B. squamulosa; 14.32, B. malindangensis; 14.33, B. binuangensis. 
387 

14.34, B. lagunensis; 14.35, B. aequata; 14.36, B. paruilimba; 14.37, B. gitingensis. 
388 

14.38, B. zenkerana; 14.39, B. subprostrata; 14.40, B. colombiana; 14.41, B. listada 
389 

14.42, B. macgregorii; 14.43, B. lepida; 14.44, B. longiseta; 14.45, B. articulata. 
390 

14.46, B. kerstingii; 14.47, B. holtonis; 14.48, B. jussiaeicarpa; 14.49, B. pleioclada. 
39 1 

14.50, Symbegonia beccarii; 14.51, B. capillipes; 14.52, B. cultrata; 14.53, B. hispidissima 
392 

14.54, B. aggeloptera; 15.1, B. bogneri; 15.2, B. itatinensis. 
393 

15.3, B. irmscheri; 15.4, B. adenopoda; 15.5, B. stenophylla; 15.6, B. saliczfolaa 
394 

15.7, B. ruhlandiana; 15.8, B. polyandra; 15.9, B. erecta; 16.1, B. djamuensis. 
16.2, B. dugandiana; 16.3, B. xylopoda; 16.4, B. spznibarbis; 16.5, B. dentatiloba. 
396 

16.6, B. oxyphylla; 16.7, B. hatacoa; 16.8, B. maynensis; 16.9, B. inculta. 
397 

16.10, B. cumingzana; 16.1 1, B. extensa; 16.12, B. alnifolia; 16.13, B. rubiginosipes. 
398 

16.14, B. loranthoides; 16.15, B. descoleana; 16.16, B. cymbalqera; 16.17, B. herzngeri 
16.18, B. cuatrecasasiana; 16.19, B. bidentata; 16.20, B. bonitoensis; 16.2 1, B. congesta. 
400 

16.22, B. harlingii; 16.23, B. furfuracea; 16.24, B. rhopalocarpa; 16.25, B. brenipes 
40 1 

16.26, B. elatostematoides; 16.27, B. jlexula; 16.28, B. molleri; 16.29, B. palawanensis 
402 

16.30, B. calliantha; 16.31, B. tanala; 16.32, B. edmundoi; 16.33, B. rossmanniae 
403 

16.34, B. littleri; 16.35, B. sanjeensis; 16.36, B. loranthoides; 16.37, B. kunthiana 
404 

16.38, B. edanoi; 17.1, B. chlorolepis; 17.2, B. raimondii; 17.3, B. ulmifolia. 
405 

17.4, B. gesnerioides; 17.5, B. jazrii; 17.6, B. varistyla; 17.7, B. oliveri. 
406 

17.8, Symbegonia arfakensis; 17.9, B. sympodialis; 17.10, B. decandra; 17.1 1, B. barrigae 
407 

17.12, B. diversistipulata; 17.13, B. cooperi; 17.14, B. dz,ffuszjlora; 17.15, B. inconspicua 
408 

17.16, B. arborescens; 17.17, B. pilderijolia; 17.18, B. fuchsioides; 17.19, B. foliosa. 
409 

17.20, B. heloisana; 17.2 1, B. saxicola; 17.2 2, B. egleri; 17.23, B. opuliflora. 
410 

17.24, B. alemaniz; 17.25, B. konder-reistana; 17.26, B. seemannaana. 
411 

17.27, B. praerupta; 17.28, B. densqolia; 17.29, B. prionophylla; 17.30, B. procridqolia 
412 

17.31, B. forgetiana; 17.32, B. multi/lora; 17.33, B. lignescens; 18.1, B. ebolowensis. 
18.3 (top), B. burle-marxii; 18.2, B. microphylla; 18.4, B. leptantha. 
414 

18.5, B. formoszsszma; 18.6, B. dlffusa; 18.7, B. urticae; 18.8, B. oligantha. 
415 

18.9, B. killipiana; 18.10, B. consanguinea; 18.1 1, B. glabricaulis. 
416 

18.13 (top), B. naumonzenszs; 18.12, B. strictinemis; 18.14, B. densiretis. 
417 

18.16 (top), B. hirsuticaulis; 18.15, B. gzlgiana; 18.17, B. sorsogonensis. 
418 

18.18, B. samarensis; 18.19, B. buddleiqolia; 18.20, 8. libera; 18.2 1, B. rufosericea. 
419 

18.22, B. angustilimba; 18.23, B. montis-bismarckii; 18.24, B. confinis; 18.25, B. kalbreyeri. 
420 

18.26, B. valvata; 18.27, B. antioquiensis; 18.28, B. ursina; 18.29, B. tetrandra 
42 1 

18.30, Symbegonia sanguinea; 18.3 1, Symbegonia strigosa; 18.32, Symbegonia fulvo-villosa. 
422 

18.33, B. malmquistiana; 18.34, B. rhodantha; 18.35, B. randiana. 
423 

18.36, B. mosczkowskii; 18.37, B. suffrutescens; 19.1, B. sessilanthera; 19.2, B. thelmae. 
424 

19.3, B. multadentata; 19.4, B. dasycarpa; 19.3, B. parvtjolaa. 
425 

19.6, B. bangii; 19.7, B. insularis; 19.8, B.jagorzi; 19.9, B. halconensis. 
426 

19.1 1 (top), B. peruibensis; 19.10, B. hookeranu; 19.12, B. garuuae. 
427 

19.13, B. rupzum; 19.14, B. lzneolata; 19.15, B. affinis; 19.16, B. juliana. 
428 

19.1 7, B. echinosepala; 19.18, B. komoensis; 19.19, B. lehmannii; 19.20, B. brevilobata 
429 

19.2 1, B. apayaoensis; 19.22, Sjmbegonza bracteosa; 19.23, B. chaetocarpa; 19.24, B. rubro-setulosa. 
430 

19.25, B. Eeptostyla; 19.26, B. fuscocaulis; 19.27, B. torricellensis; 19.28, B. megalantha. 
43 1 

20.1, B. undulata; ‘20.2, B. meridensis; 20.3, B. arborescens; 20.4, B. lindmanii. 
432 

20.5, B. polygonfolia; 20.6, B. consobrzna; 20.7, B. fallax; 20.8, B. trzcornzs. 
433 

20.9, B. obtecticaulis; 20.10, B. hirsuta; 20. 1 1, B. tetragona; 20.12, B. pnznensis. 
434 

20.19, B. somemillei; 20.14, B. peruviana; 20. 15, B. leucosticta; 20.16, B. esculenta. 
435 

20.17, B. oblongata; 20.18, B. panayenszs; ‘LO. 19, B. ledermannzz; 20.20, B. tondum 
436 

20.21, B. semiovata; 20.22, B.filipes; 20.23, B. carpinfolia; 20.24, B. malabarica. 
437 

20.25, B. comata; 20.26, B.nuda; 20.27, B. odeteiantha; 20.28, B. glauca. 
438 

20.29, B. weigallii; 20.30, B. convallariodora; 20.3 1, B. longimaculata; 20.32, B. larorum. 
439 

20.33, B. agusanensis; 20.34, B. guaduensis; 20.35, B. buchholzii; 20.36, B. besleriijolia 
440 

20.37, B. estrellensis; 20.38, B. microptera; 20.39, B. taiwaniana; 20.40, B. pseudolubbersii. 
44 1 

20.41, B. turbinata; 20.42, B. pickelii; 20.43, B. trapa; 20.44, B. stenocardia. 
442 

20.45, B. bahzensis; 20.46, B. itupavenis; 20.47, B. cornitepala; 20.48, B. geoffrayi. 
443 

20.49, B. boisiana; 20.50, B. heydei; 2 1.1, B. vareschii; 2 1.2, B. mindanaensis. 
444 

2 1 .?I, B. Jexicaulis; 2 1.4, B. cuneatfolia; 2 1.5, B. sessilzfolia; 2 1.6, B. fruticella. 
445 

2 1.7, Symbegonia paruifolia; 2 1.8, B. artior; 2 1.9, B. gamolepis; 2 1.10, B. otophora. 
446 

1.1 1, B. goniotis; 2 1.12, B. longzrostrzs; 2 I. 13, X. umbelluta; 2 I. 14, R. diuaricata 
447 

2 I. 15, B. boliuiensis; 2 1.16, B. humboldtiana; 2 1.1 7, B. simulans; 2 1.1 8, B. spilotophylla 
448 

2 1.19, B. subelliptica; 2 1.20, B. lauterbachii; 2.2 1, B. brarteosa; 2 1.22, B. zsoptera. 
449 

2 1.23, B. everettii; 2 1.24, B. iucunda; 2 1.25, B. insularum; 2 1.26, B. auriculata. 
450 

21.27, A. vandenualeri; 21.28, A. pseudisoptera; 21.29, B. toledana; 21.30, B. fusialata. 
45 1 

21.31, B. hainanensis; 2 1.32, B. sandalqolia; 21.33, B. padangensis. 
452 

2 1.34,B. rasiguranensis; 2 1.35, B. dolichotricha; 2 1.36, B. filibrarteosa; 2 1.37, B. latistipula 
21.38, B. warzana; 21.39, B. weberi; 21.40, B. dressleri. 
454 

21.41, B. elatostemmoades; 2 1.42, B. craspipala; 2 1.43, B. barbellata; 21.44, B. media 
455 

2 1.45, B. masarangensis; 2 1.46, B. rizalensis; 2 1.47, B. loloensis; 2 1.48, B. oxyura. 
456 

2 1.49, B. cincinnifera; 2 1.50, B. sctaphila; 2 1.5 1, B. rontracta; 22.1, B. holoserzcea 
457 

22.2, B. promethea; 22.3, B. boquetensis; 22.4, B. pinetorum; 22.5, B. tsaii. 
458 

22.6, B. cilia-bracteata; 22.7, B. pseudoviola; 22.8, B. comperei; 22.9, B. salisburyana 
459 

22.10, B. rotunda; 22.1 1, B. plebeja; 22.12, B. rieckei; 22.13, B. muricata. 
460 

22.14, B. copeyana; 22.1.5, B. rubrfolia; 22.16, B. cristobalenszs; 22.17, B. tacanana 
46 1 

22.18, B. pringlei; 22.19, B. boiviniana; 22.20, B. nossibea; 22.21, B. fragilis. 
462 

22.22, B. quaternata; 22.23, B. cardiocarpa; 22.24, B. urophylla; 22.25, B. hispidivillosa 
22.26, B. louis-williamsii; 22.27, B. strigillosa; 22.28, B. squarrosa. 
464 

22.29, 8. vertita; 22.30. B. yquamosa; 22.31, N. harken; 2'2.32. 8. stagmosa 
465 

22.33, B. peponijolia; 22.34, B. pustulata; 22.35, B. rhizocaulis; 22.36, B. foxworthyi. 
466 

22.?7, 13. fusca; 22.38, H. membranarea; 22.39, B. alvareziz; 22.40, B. fimbriata. 
467 

22.4 1, B. morzz; 22.42, B. sericoneura; 23.1, B. garagarana; 23.2, B. prostrata. 
468 

23.3, B. acaulis; 23.4, B. soluta; 23.5, B. duclouxii; 23.6, B. schliebenii, 
469 

23.7, B. gueritziana; 23.8, B. annulata; 23.9, B. ionophylla; 23.10, B. anisoptera 
470 

23.1 1, B. repens; 23.12, B. iridescens; 23.13, B. balansana; 23.14, B. silletensis. 
47 I 
172 

23.19, B. novogranatae; 23.20, B. subpeltata; 23.21, B. arborensis; 23.22, B. eberhardtii. 
473 

23.23, B. tenera; 23.24, B. pierrei; 23.25, B. sharpeana; 23.26, B. nigritarum. 
474 

“3.27, B. glandulfera; 23.28, B. organenszs; 23.29, B. augustznei; 23.30, B. bullata 
475 

23.31, B. prolixa; 23.32, B. rubropilosa; 23.33, B. sparreana. 
476

24.1, B. androrangensis; 24.2 B. cordata; 24.3, B. venusta.
477 

24.4, B. ornithophylla; 24.5, B. maxwelliana; 24.6, B. labordei; 24.7, B. caespitosa 
478 

24.8, B. pavonina; 24.9, B. dielsiana; 24.10, B. fenicis; 24.1 1, B. purdieana 
479 

24.12, 5. breuicyma; 24.13, 5. schulziana; 24.14, B. davidsoniae; 24.15, B. mucronzstifiula. 
480 

24.16, B. calcicola; 24.17, B. hilariana; 24.18, 8. squamipes; 24.19, B. pernambucensis. 
48 1 

24.20, B. olsoniae; 24.21, B. popenoei; 24.22, B. leprosa; 24.23, B. bonzz. 
482 

24.24, B. juminensis; 24.25, B. friburgensis; 24.26, B. longtscapa; 24.27, B. ramentacea. 
483 

24.28, B. magdalenensis; 21.29, B. biliranensis; 24.30, B. beddomei; 24.:31, B. neglerta 
484 

24.32, 5.filformis; 24.33, 5. morsei; 24.34, B. saxifraga; 24.33, B. tonkinensis. 
485 

24.36, B. setqolia; 24.37, B. itaguassuensis; 24.38. B. klemmei; 24.39, B. vanoverberghii. 
486 

24.40, B. isabelensis; 24.41, B. manillensis; 24.42, B. xanthina; 24.43, B. tumbezensis. 
487 

25.1, B. ampla; 25.2, B. zamboangensis; 25.3, B. carnosa; 25.4, B. yunckeri. 
488 

29.5, B. sarasinorum; 25.6, B. colorata; 25.7, B. peekelii; 25.8, B. gemella. 
489 

25.9, B. poculqera; 25.10, B. ardicaulis; 25.1 1, B. violijolia; 25.12, B. herteri. 
490 

2.5.13, B. flacca; 25.14, B. strachwztrii; 25.15, B. caudata; 2.5.1 ti, B. denticulata. 
49 1 

25.17, B. ludicra; 25.18, B. assurgens; 25.19, B. bowerae; 2.5.20, B. castilloi. 
492 

25.22 (top), B. croatii; 25.2 1, B. pinumalayensis; 25.23, B. versicolor. 
25.24, B. repenticaulis; 26.1, E. neopurpurea; 26.2, E. subcyclophylla; 26.3, B. lecomtei 
494 

26.4, B. hauilandii; 26.5, B. mariae; 26.6, B. handelii; 26.7, B. serpens. 
495 

26.8, E. wengerz; 26.9, E. scintzllans; 26.10, B. forrestii; 26.1 1, B. itatiaiensis. 
496 

26.12, B. lzmprzchtz2; 26.13, B porterz; 26.14, B. adenostegia 
26.15, B. adenodes; 26.16, B. pudica; 26.17, B. carletonii; 26.18, B. lanternaria. 
498 

26.19, B. copelandii; 26.20, B. uincentina; 26.2 1, B. convoluulacea; 26.22, B. acuminatissima. 
499 

26.23, B. suborbiculata; 26.24, B. longinoda; 26.25, B. luzonensis; 26.26, B. obtusifolia 
500 

26.27, B. mindorensis; 26.28, B. gagnepainiana; 26.29, B. humillima; 27.1, B. haullevilleana. 
50 1 

27.2, B. cylindrata; 27.3, B. trianae; 27.4, B. variabilis; 27.5, B. cebadillensis. 
502 

27.6, B. ophiogyna; 27.7, B. bolsteri; 27.8,B. merrittii; 27.9, B. cuernavacenszs 
503 

27.10, H. subrostata; 27.1 1, B. cumzngzz; 27.12, H. ramosiz; 27.13, B. oblanrrolata 
504 

27.14, B. rostrata; 27.15, B. michoacana; 27.16. B. bulbzlllfera; 27.17, B. modestijlora. 
505 

27.18, B. beryllae; 27.19, B. pediophylla; 27.20, B. isopteroidea; 27.21, B. sogerenszs 
506 

27.22, R. subtrunrata; 27.23, B. axillaris; 27.24, B. rristata; 27.25, B. trisulcata. 
507 

27.26. B macrocarpa; 27.27, H. salomonensis; 27.28, B. abyssinira; 27.29, B. steyermarkii. 
508 

27.?~0. Symbegonia pulchra; 2’7.3 1, B. capitulijormis; 27.32, Symbegonia papuana; 27.33, B. dux. 
5 0 9 

27.?14, B. pedunculosa; 27.35. B. annobonensis; 27.36. 8. humilis; 27.37. B. subvzllosa. 
.5 1 0 

'- 21.38, B. handroi; 27.:19, H. hrassii; 27.40. B. faulaensis; 27.41, B. nubicola 
51 1 

27.42. B. rubida; 27.43, B. angustae; 28.1, B. sphenocarpa; 28.2. B. cathrartii. 
5 1 2 

28.3, B. thomsonii; 28.4, B. celebica; 28..i, B. burbidgei. 
51 3 

28.6, B. tafiensis; 28.7, B. weddelliana; 28.8, B. thyrsoidea. 
514 

28.9, B. Java; 28.10, B. atricha; 28.1 1, B. trigonocarpa; 28.12, B. brachybotrys. 
515 

28.13, E. strictipetiolaris; 28.14, B. tenuqolia; 28.15, B. pseudolateralis; 28.16, B. koordersii. 
516 

28.17, B. barkleyana; 28.18, B. exigua; 28.19, B. extranea; 28.20, B. fusibulba. 
517 

28.2 1, B. sandtii; 28.22, B. wallichiana; 28.23. B. bozssieri; 28.24, B. palmeri. 
518 

28.25, B. alchemilloides; 28.26, B. hirtella; 28.27. B. hintoniana; 28.28, B. wattii. 
.i 1 9 

28.29. B. gracilis; 28.30, B. cavum; 28.31, B. schmidfiana; 28.32, B. clarkei 
520 

28.33, B. micranthera; 28.34, B. integrifolia; 28.35, B. holttumii; 28.36, B. paleacea. 
52 1 

28.37, B. leucantha; 28.38, B. nemoralis; 28.S9, B. u~ollastoniz; 28.40. B. jenmanii. 
522 

28.4 1. B. zollingerana; 28.42, B. weberlingii; 28.43, B. relicta; 28.44, B. dregei. 
523 

28.45, B. prieurii; 28.46, B. pearcei; 28.47, B. lanstyakii; 28.48, B. sutherlandii. 
524 

28.49, B. princeae; 28.50, B. walterana; 28.5 1, B. novoguineensis; 28.52, B. curtisii. 
28.53, B. hanfji; 28.34, B. phoeniogramrna; 28.53, B. riparia; 28.56, B. balrnisiana 
526 

28.57, B. huberti; 28.58, B. brevirimosa; 28.59, B. sarawakensis; 28.60, B. macdanielsii. 
527 

28.6 1, B. cognata; 28.62, B. propinqua; 29.1, B. obsrura; 29.2. B. cinnabarina 
528 

29.3, B. crinita; 29.4, B. phyllomaniaca; 29.5, B. renqoormis; 29.6, B. huegelii. 
529 

29.7, B. renfolia; 29.8, B. scharff; 29.9, B. otophylla; 29.10, B. smithiae. 
530 

29.1 1, B. hispida; 29.12, B. stenolepis; 29.13, B. hassleri; 29.14, B. clavicaulis. 
53 1 

29.15, B. hirta; 29.16, B. platyptera; 29.17, B. pulchella; 29.18, B. engleri. 
.532 

29.19, B. acutqolia; 29.20, B. fuchsizflora; 29.21, B. trapa; 29.22, B. occhionii 
533 

29.23, B. isopterocarpa; 29.24, B. udisilvestris; 29.25, B. buchtienii; 29.26, B. bradei. 
534 

29.27, B. albidula; 29.28, B. collaris; 29.29, B. solitudinis; 29.30, B. piresiana. 
29.3 I, B. andina; 29.32, B. venom; 29.33. B. tomentosa; 29.34. B. epipsila 
536 

29.35, B. socia; 29.36, B. rigida; 30.1, B. dietrichiana; 30.2, B.falcgolia. 
537 

30.3, B. angolensis; 30.4, B. majungaensis; 30.5, B. lucfuga; 30.6, B. sylvatica. 
538 

30.7, B. unduavensis; 30.8, B. jebrigii; 30.9, B. candollei; 30.10, B. unilateralis. 
90.1 1, E. stenotepala; 30.12, E. inj7ata; 90.13, B. salaaensis; 30.14, B. debilis. 
540 

30.15, B. dichroa; 30.16, B. tenericaulis; 30.17, B. bridgesii; 30.18, B. arrogans. 
54 1 

30.19, B. incarnata; 30.20, B. angulata; 30.21, B. stolzii; 30.22, B. abbottii. 
542 

30.23, B. maestrensis; 30.24, B. minor; 30.25, B. notiophila; 30.26, B. brachypoda. 
50.27, B. bolleana, 30.28, B. plumieri; 30.29, E. zmperferta; 30.30, B rzedelzi 
544 

30.31, B. angularis; 30.32, B. jamaicensis; 30.33, B. wrightiana; 30.34, B. aptera 
545 

30.35, B. dipetala; 30.36, B. stilandra; 30.37, B. platyphylla; 30.38, B. piurensis. 
546 

30.39, B. catharinensis; 30.40, B. coccinea; 30.4 1, B. trispathulata; 30.42, B. oaxacana. 
547 

50.43, B. altoperuviana; 30.44, B. admirabilis; 30.45. B. lipolepis; 30.46, B. rornuta. 
548 

30.47, B. cryptocarpa; 30.48, B. peristegia; 30.49, B. corallina. 
549 

30.50, B. laxa; 30.5 1, B. subcaudata; 30.52, B. negrosenszs. 
550 

30.53, B. crassirostris; 30.54, B. gratiana; 30.55, B. sanguinea; 30.56, B. maculata. 
5.5 1 

3 1.1, B. sychnantha; 3 1.2, B. pastoensis; 3 1.3, B. viscida; 3 1.4, B. exalata. 
552 

3 1.5, B. uerruculosa; 3 1.6, B. bijiurcata; 3 1.7, B. scabrida; 3 1.8, B. boraceiensis. 
553 

3 1.9, B. neocomensium; 3 1.10, B. paleata; 3 1.1 1, B. dichotoma; 3 1.12, B. rockii. 
554 

3 1.13, B. nyassensis; 3 1.14, B. balansae; 3 1.15, B. keniensis; 3 1.16, B. longibarbata. 
555 

3 1.17, B. renqormis; 3 1.18, B. bqolia; 3 1.19, B. beccariana; 3 1.20, B. discrepans. 
556 

3 1.2 1, B. capanemae; 3 1.22, B. per-dusenii; 3 1.23, B. mollicaulis; 3 1.24, B. fordii. 
557 

32.1, B. robusta; 32.2, B. paruistipulata; 32.3, B. rutilans; 32.4, B. valida. 
558 

32.5, B. foveolata; 32.6, B. valerioi; 32.7, B. ornithocarpa; 32.8, B. involucrata. 
559 

32.9, B. lophoptera; 32.10, B. peltigera; 32.11, B. sarcophylla; 32.12, B. boy-tcheouensis. 
560 

32.13, B. vicina; 32.14, B. obliqua; 32.15, B. retusa; 32.16, B. murina. 
56 1 

32.17, B. longicaulis; 32.18, B. kuhlmannii; 32.19, B. caraguatatubensis; 32.20, B. schenckii. 
562 

32.21, B. ferruginea; 32.22, B. vitiensis; 32.23, B. gehrtii; 32.24, B. ualdensium 
563 

32.25, B. curtii; 32.26, B. pycnantha; 32.27, B. multinervia; 32.28, B. domingensis. 
564 

32.29, B. dryadis; 32.30, B. stipulacea; 32.31, B. corredorana; 32.32, B. microcarpa. 
565 

32.33, B. lyallii; 32.34, B. fernando-costae; 32.35, B. odorata; 33.1, B. tribracteata. 
566 

3:4.2< B. seychellensis; 33.3, B. homonyma; 33.4. B. cyathophora. 
567 

33.5, B. roerlii; 33.6, B. perrierz; 33.7, 8. purpusii; 33.8, 8. baronii. 
568 

33.9, B. subspinulosa; 33.10, B. viridgora; 33.1 1, B. suprafastigiata; 33.12, B. mazae. 
569 

33.13, B. santarosensis; 33.14, B. jissistyla; 33.15, B. brachyptera; 34.1, B. exilis. 
570 

34.2, B. concanensis; 34.3, B. frigida; 34.4, B. glaberrima; 34.5, B. moysesii. 
57 1 

34.6, B. rimarum; 34.7, B. azuensis; 34.8, B. renformis. 
572 

34.9, B. johnstonii; 34.10, B. laevis; 34.1 1, B. megaptera; 34.12, B. altissima. 
573 

34.1 3, B. breuipetala; 34.14, B. roxburghii; 34.15, B. eciliata; 34.16, B. siamensis. 
574 

S1, B. pumilio; S2, B. speluncae; S3, B. brongniartii; S4, B. wagenerana. 
575 

S5, B. leathermaniae; S6, B. paranaensis; S7, Hilldebrandia sandwicensis; S8, B. imitans. 
576 

S9, B. hymenophylloides; S10, B. wenzelii; S1 1, B. trichosepala; S12, B. reptans. 
577 

S13, B. parishii; S14, B. adolfi-friderici; S15, B. inversa; S16, B. gossweileri. 
578 

S17, B. heroeyana; S18, B. ciliijera; S19, B. serraticauda; S20, B. gracilicaulis. 
579 

S21, B. oblongiyolia; S22, B. mystacina; S23, B. carrieae. 
580 

S24, B. princeps; S25, B. paupercula; S26, B. masoniana. 
58 1 

S27, B. robinsonii; S28, B. anaimalaiensis; S29, B. pensilis; S30, B. borneensis. 
582 

S3 1, B. dealbata; S32, B. murudensis; S33, B. tafaensis; S34, B. rupicola. 
583 

S35, B. bufoderma; S36, B. juntasensis; S37, B. lowiuna; S38, B. lomensis. 
584 

S39, B. chitoensis; S40, B. olbia; S41, B. bonus-henricus.