III 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 276 

Calling for the urgent deployment of a robust and effective multinational 

peacekeeping mission with sufficient size, resources, leadership, and mandate to protect civilians in Darfur, Sudan, and for efforts to strengthen 

the renewal of a just and inclusive peace process. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 19, 2007 

Mr. BIDEN (for himself, Mr. LUGAR, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. BROWNBACK, Mrs. 

CLINTON, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. CARDIN, Mr. DURBIN, 

Ms. MIKULSKI, and Mr. HARKIN) submitted the following resolution; 

which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

RESOLUTION 

Calling for the urgent deployment of a robust and effective 

multinational peacekeeping mission with sufficient size, 

resources, leadership, and mandate to protect civilians 

in Darfur, Sudan, and for efforts to strengthen the renewal of a just and inclusive peace process. 

Whereas hundreds of thousands of people have died and approximately 2,500,000 people have been displaced in 

Darfur, Sudan since 2003; 

Whereas Congress declared on July 22, 2004 that the atrocities in Darfur were genocide; 

Whereas President George W. Bush has repeatedly decried 

the genocide in Darfur, stating, for example, on April 18, 


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2007, ‘‘that genocide is the only word for what is happening in Darfur—and that we have a moral obligation 

to stop it’’; 

Whereas the crisis in Darfur and the surrounding region continues and has in fact in some ways worsened despite the 

efforts of the United States, the United Nations, the African Union, and the international community; 

Whereas on August 30, 2006, the United Nations Security 

Council approved United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 providing that the existing United Nations 

Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) ‘‘shall take over from [the 

African Mission in Sudan (AMIS)] responsibility for supporting the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement upon the expiration of AMIS’ mandate but in any 

event no later than 31 December 2006’’, and that 

UNMIS ‘‘shall be strengthened by up to 17,300 military 

personnel . . . up to 3,300 civilian police personnel’’, 

which ‘‘shall begin to be deployed no later than 1 October 

2006’’; 

Whereas the Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir rejected 

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 and refused to allow the United Nations to deploy a peacekeeping force to Darfur; 

Whereas Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General of the United 

Nations, and Alpha Oumar Konare, Chairperson of the 

African Union, led efforts to reach a compromise with 

President al-Bashir by convening a summit of interested 

governments and international bodies in Addis Ababa, 

Ethiopia on November 16, 2006; 

Whereas as a result of the Addis Ababa summit an agreement was reached by all parties, including the United 


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Nations, the African Union, the European Union, the 

Government of Sudan, the United States, and China, 

which called for a three-phased deployment of a hybrid 

United Nations-African Union peacekeeping force to 

Darfur of no less than 17,000 military troops and 3,000 

civilian police, with a primarily African character, but 

open to non-African troop and police contributors; 

Whereas the agreement stated that the United Nations-African Union hybrid force would have a strong mandate to 

protect civilians and that the peacekeeping force must be 

logistically and financially sustainable, with support from 

the United Nations; 

Whereas President al-Bashir has repeatedly obstructed the 

Addis Ababa agreement since its signing by reneging on 

and redefining the terms of his commitment to allow the 

deployment of the full hybrid United Nations-African 

Union force; 

Whereas on June 11, 2007, President al-Bashir pledged to 

accept unconditionally the full United Nations-African 

Union hybrid deployment; 

Whereas some subsequent speeches and statements by President al-Bashir have contradicted that claim of acceptance 

while others have reinforced it; 

Whereas diplomatic efforts to secure President al-Bashir’s 

genuine acceptance and facilitation of the full United Nations-African Union hybrid force must not lead to weakening of the structure, capacities, or mandate of that 

force in exchange for President al-Bashir’s full compliance; 

Whereas history has repeatedly demonstrated that the ultimate success or failure of any peacekeeping force deVerDate Aug 31 2005 05:14 Jul 20, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR276.IS SR276

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pends significantly on its size, resources, mandate, mobility, and command structure; 

Whereas to establish conditions of peace and security, the 

peacekeeping mission must be accompanied by a peacebuilding process among the parties to the conflict; 

Whereas such a process will require a sustained, coordinated, 

and high-level diplomatic attempt to unify the rebel 

groups in the region and engagement with the rebels and 

the Sudanese government in order to forge a comprehensive political settlement; 

Whereas under the international humanitarian law of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian 

Persons in Time of War, done at Geneva August 12, 

1949 (6 UST 3516) and the Protocols Additional to the 

Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, done at Geneva 

June 8, 1977, all parties to the conflict in Darfur are required to refrain from attacks on civilians and on medical 

and other humanitarian personnel, and all perpetrators 

should be held accountable for violations of international 

humanitarian law; and 

Whereas failure on the part of the international community 

to take all steps necessary to generate, deploy, and maintain an effective United Nations-African Union hybrid 

peacekeeping force will result in the continued loss of life 

and further degradation of humanitarian infrastructure 

in Darfur: Now, therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) urges the President of the United States 

3 to— 


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1 (A) work with members of the United Na2 tions Security Council and the African Union to 

3 ensure the expeditious deployment of the 

4 United Nations-African Union hybrid peace5 keeping force under Chapter VII of the United 

6 Nations Charter and operating under United 

7 Nations guidelines and procedures for command 

8 and control with a mandate affirming that civil9 ian protection is a primary mission objective; 

10 (B) strongly encourage the member states 

11 of the United Nations that have the capabilities 

12 to do so, to contribute collectively approximately 

13 19,500 military personnel and up to 6,500 po14 lice to implement the mandate, as is currently 

15 under discussion in the United Nations Security 

16 Council; 

17 (C) work bilaterally and with member 

18 states of the North Atlantic Trade Organiza19 tion, the United Nations, the European Union, 

20 the African Union, and other capable partners 

21 to— 

22 (i) rapidly implement pre-deployment 

23 programs and provide equipment to United 

24 Nations standards, with a special focus on 

25 African peacekeepers, in order to ensure 


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1 that a full complement of peacekeepers can 

2 be deployed, sustained, and rotated as nec3 essary; and 

4 (ii) provide the United Nations-Afri5 can Union hybrid force with— 

6 (I) sufficient logistical support 

7 and airlift capacity; 

8 (II) necessary vehicles, fixed-wing 

9 aircraft, and helicopters for tactical 

10 reconnaissance and armed deterrence; 

11 and 

12 (III) other equipment; 

13 (D) work with members of the United Na14 tions and the African Union to— 

15 (i) ensure that substantive civilian 

16 mission components are rapidly established 

17 and able to capitalize on any opportunities 

18 to advance the political and peace proc19 esses which the successful deployment of 

20 the United Nations-African Union hybrid 

21 force may create; 

22 (ii) reinitiate a peace-building process 

23 among the parties to the conflict as part of 

24 a sustained, coordinated, high-level diploVerDate Aug 31 2005 05:14 Jul 20, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\SR276.IS SR276

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1 matic effort to forge a comprehensive polit2 ical settlement; and 

3 (iii) ensure the security, maintenance, 

4 and expansion of humanitarian access to 

5 those in need and promote a return to the 

6 rule of law in the region; 

7 (E) work with members of the United Na8 tions, the African Union, the European Union, 

9 and other donor nations to ensure that ade10 quate financial support is provided to peace11 keepers serving in the current African Mission 

12 in Sudan, and the planned hybrid United Na13 tions-African Union force; and 

14 (F) work with Congress to ensure robust 

15 funding for the hybrid United Nations-African 

16 Union peacekeeping mission in Darfur; 

17 (2) urges the Secretary-General of the United 

18 Nations and the Chairperson of the African Union 

19 to make every effort to expedite the urgent genera20 tion, rapid deployment, and effective administration 

21 of the full United Nations-African Union hybrid 

22 force; 

23 (3) urges Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir 

24 and the Government of Sudan to abide by the agree25 ment of President al-Bashir to fully accept and faVerDate Aug 31 2005 05:14 Jul 20, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\SR276.IS SR276

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1 cilitate the deployment of the United Nations-Afri2 can Union hybrid force without condition; 

3 (4) urges the President’s Special Envoy to 

4 Sudan to continue his legislative outreach, including 

5 offering to brief Congress every 60 days on the sta6 tus of deployment of the United Nations-African 

7 Union hybrid peacekeeping force and parallel meas8 ures to enable peace in Darfur through an inclusive 

9 political process; and 

10 (5) urges President George W. Bush, the 

11 United Nations Security Council, the African Union, 

12 the European Union, the League of Arab States, na13 tions in the region, and individual nations with sig14 nificant economic or political influence over Sudan 

15 to— 

16 (A) hold President al-Bashir and the Gov17 ernment of Sudan accountable for any failure 

18 through neglect or obstruction to fully facilitate 

19 the deployment of the full United Nations-Afri20 can Union hybrid force for Darfur; and 

21 (B) be prepared to implement meaningful 

22 measures, including the imposition of multilat23 eral sanctions, an arms embargo, and a no fly 

24 zone for Sudanese military flights over Darfur, 


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1 if the Government of Sudan obstructs deploy2 ment of the agreed upon peacekeeping mission. 

Æ 


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