SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 81 

Flora of Micronesia, 5: 

Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae 

F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet 

and Royce L. Oliver 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

Washington, D.C. 

1993 
ABSTRACT 

Fosberg, F. Raymond, Marie-Helene Sachet, and Royce L. Oliver. Flora of Micronesia, 5: 

Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 8 1, 135 pages, 1 

figure, 1993.-The fifth installment of the Flora of Micronesia includes a brief introduction with 

acknowledgments and references to previously published parts of the flora. A floristic 

taxonomic account of the Bignoniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Myoporaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Rubiaceae of Micronesia is given with descriptions, 

keys, synonymy, ethnobotany (including vernacular names and uses), and citations of 

geographic records and herbarium specimens. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is 

recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smirhsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf 

clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publications Data 

(Revised for volume 5) 

Fosberg, F. Raymond (Francis Raymond), 1908- . Flora of Micronesia [by] F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet. 

(Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20, 24,36,46, 81) 

Vol. 5 includes Royce L. Oliver as another coauthor. 

Vol. 5 published by: Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Press. 

Includes bibliography. 

Contents: 1. Gymnospenae. 2. Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and Myricaceae. 3. Convovulaceae. 5. BignoniaceaeSupt.of Docs.no.: SI 1.29:20 (v. 1) 

1. Botany-Micronesia. 2. Ethnobotany-Micronesia. I. Sachet, Marie-Helene, joint author. 11. Smithsonian con- tributions to botany ; no. 20. etc. 

QKLS2747 no. 20, etc. 581 s 581.9965 74-11316 [QK473.M5] 

Rubiaceae. 

111. Title. 

@ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American 

National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials 239.48-1984. 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction ........................................ 1 

BIGNONIACEAE ....................................... 4 

Synonyms and Misapplied Names of Bignoniaceae .................. 14 

PEDALIACEAE ....................................... 15 

GESNERIACEAE ...................................... 15 

LENTIBULARIACEAE ................................... 19 

ACANTHACEAE ...................................... 21 

Synonyms and Misapplied Names of Acanthaceae .................. 42 

MYOPORACEAE ...................................... 42 

PLANTAGINACEAE .................................... 43 

RUBIACEAE ........................................ 44 

Synonyms and Misapplied Names of Rubiaceae ................... 132 

iii 

Flora of Micronesia, 5: 

Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae 

F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet, 

and Royce L. Oliver 

Introduction 

The fifth installment of the Flora of Micronesia treats eight 

families in the Engler system from the Bignoniaceae through 

the Rubiaceae. Of the families treated here, two, Pedaliaceae 

and Plantaginaceae, are entirely introduced, 1 species each. 

Bignoniaceae are represented by 16 genera, all introduced 

ornamentals, except one native species; Gesneriaceae by 4 

genera, one native with 3 endemic species, and 3 introduced 

ornamental genera with one or two species each; Lentibulariaceae with a single genus in Micronesia with 4 probably native 

but widespread species; Acanthaceae with 14 genera, five of 

them with one or more native species, all but one of them also 

with ornamental or weedy species; Myoporaceae with one 

genus in Micronesia with a native but not endemic species; and 

Rubiaceae with 28 genera, 21 native, seven introduced, 17 

exotic species, and many native, mostly endemic taxa. 

This installment follows essentially the format of the first 

four (Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 20,24, 36, and 46). 

Further and more complete bibliographic detail may be found 

in Sachet and Fosberg, Island Bibliographies (1955) and its 

supplement (1971), with annotations and a complete list of 

serial abbreviations. 

For details of the history and circumstances of the present 

Flora of Micronesia, as well as an explanation of its scope and 

arrangement, reference may be made to the introductory pages 

of the first installment. 

In specimen citations, the collector’s name and number are 

italicized and the herbaria where they are deposited are 

indicated only if the specimen has been examined by the 

authors. Herbarium symbols are according to the 7th edition of 

Index Herbariorum, Part I, compiled by Holmgren and Keuken, 

F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet (deceased), and Royce L. 

Oliver, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, 

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 

1981. These are in parentheses after the collection numbers, or, 

lacking numbers, the dates. The abbreviations “s. l,,” “s. coll.,” 

and “s. n.” are used to indicate lack of collection locality, 

collector’s name, or collector’s number, respectively. We wish 

to thank again, the authorities of the various herbaria where we 

have studied or borrowed material, for the privilege of using 

their collections and for their hospitality. 

As mentioned in the first installment, we cannot list all of the 

many persons who have helped us in the field, the herbaria, and 

in the office, and who have sent us specimens and information. 

We must, however, express our special appreciation to Mrs. 

Lenore Smith for typing first drafts of most of the manuscript 

from difficult handwritten copy, on a strictly volunteer basis. 

The untimely death of one of us, Dr. Sachet, in the middle of 

preparation of this installment, has slowed down the appearance of the work, and lowered the precision of references and 

proof-reading very seriously, though we have tried to live up to 

her standards as best we could. 

We must acknowledge indebtedness for taxonomic help 

from the monumental Flora Malesiana, of Professor C.G.G.J. 

van Steenis, and from many revisions and monographs of 

difficult groups published in the journal Blumea under his 

editorship. We also have continued to benefit from the 

bibliographic work of Mrs. M.-J. van Steenis-Kruseman and 

William T. Steam (1954), F.A. Stafleu (1967), F.A. Stafleu and 

R.S. Cowan (1976 et seq.), and also the Flora Malesiana 

Bulletin. In these works exact dates of publication of a great 

many works are established, interpreted, or clarified. Dr. Alwyn 

Gentry kindly looked over the manuscript of Bignoniaceae and 

made valuable suggestions. 

Besides our own field work, the greater part of our 

information on the morphology, occurrence, distribution, and 

ethnobotany has come from herbarium specimens and their 

labels. Too seldom is appreciation expressed to the numerous 

collectors who have provided this vast store of data for use by 

their successors. We are glad to offer our thanks to them. 

1 
I 1 I I I 

130' 135' 140' 145' 150' 

30' 

b 

RYUKYU * 

0 100 200 300 400 500 Statute Miles I I I I I 1 

BONIN 

30kinaw a-jima Haha -jimd 1 SL A N 0s 

ISLANDS 

2S0 two Jima, VOLCANO ISLANDS 

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PHILIPPINE 

ISLANDS 

7 isornor 

8 

M indonao 

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apaug 

Asuncion 

*, Ag r i g a n MARIANAS 

Saipan Tin i a n?: i 

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#Guam 

Santa Rosa Reef 
I I I550 I so0 165' I700 I750 

FIGURE 1 .-Micronesia. 

JPokak 

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Aran u ka I 

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(Oc ?an) Tabiteueah * 

--- 

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SOLOMON ELLICE 

180' 

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25' 

2 00 

15' 

100 

50 

00 

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ISLANDS 

165' 170' 1750% ,, 

I I 1 ..- I 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

In the paragraph headed “Uses” under the various species, 

we have, where the material was not too verbose, copied more 

or less verbatim from field labels, field notes, published articles 

and books, but have used quotation marks only where they 

seem useful to clarify the source of the information. The 

sources are always provided, except in cases where the 

information is from our own personal knowledge. 

Vernacular names are copied exactly from published 

sources, herbarium labels, and field notes, as we realize that 

many are different renderings of the same names, as heard by 

people of different linguistic backgrounds and experience. This 

necessesarily results in more repetition. Sources are always 

given, and specimens cited where possible, but the interpretation is left to the reader, who may understand such things better 

than we can. 

BICNONIACEAE 

Trees, shrubs, and lianas, rarely herbaceous; leaves opposite 

or whorled, rarely alternate, compound or rarely simple or 

unifoliolate, exstipulate but often with stipule-like prophylls 

called pseudostipules; inflorescence cymose or racemose, 

rarely much reduced and then borne on trunk or larger 

branches; calyx gamosepalous; corolla gamopetalous, usually 

zygomorphic and bilabiate, usually 5-lobed, lobes usually 

imbricate in bud; stamens usually 4 with one staminode, 

inserted on corolla, rarely 2, with or without 3 staminodes, 

anthers usually 2-celled, the cells often one above the other; 

ovary superior, 1- or usually 2-celled, placentation mile or, in 

unilocular ovaries, parietal, style 1, stigma bilobed; fruit a 

2-valved capsule or indehiscent, then large and fleshy or hard 

with fleshy pulp; seeds often winged. 

A large, mostly tropical family with many ornamental 

cultivated genera. 

The climbing genera are taxonomically difficult, some of 

them based on what seem to be very inconsequential or 

inconstant characters. Possibly too many genera are maintained. We are not prepared to rearrange them, however, and 

are generally following the identifications by Dr. Alwyn 

Gentry in various papers and in herbaria. Our key to these 

genera has been greatly improved by suggestions from Dr. 

Gentry. 

Key to Micronesian Genera of Bignoniaceae 

1. Trees or shrubs, leaves simple or compound, seldom trifoliolate (sometimes 

cross-shaped, with winged petiole), lacking special climbing apparatus, fruit 

various ...................................... 2 

2. Leaves simple. ................................. 3 

3. Leaves spatulate, in lateral fascicles, blades decunent to base, flowers green, 

cylindric, foetid, fruit a large hard-shelled berry borne laterally on trunk or 

branches .............................. Crescentia 

3. Leaves ovate to elliptic, petiolate, opposite or ternate, flowers white or pinkish, 

fragrant, fruit a linear capsule .................... Catcrl’pa 

2. Leaves compound. .............................. .4 

4. Leaves cross-shaped with winged petiole, one or rarely two pairs of divaricate 

sessile leaflets, forming a single or double cross, a pair of reduced leaves at 

base of petiole, fruit a hard-shelled berry ............. Crescentia 

4. Leaves variously compound, petioles (except in Pdrmentiera) and rhachis not 

winged .................................... 5 

5. Leaves palmately compound ................... Tabebuia 

5. 

6. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets about 1 cm or less long flowers purple, capsule 

6. Leaves once pinnate or trifoliolate, flowers various, capsule much longer 

than wide, .............................. .7 

7. Leaves trifoliolate, flowers with spathe-like calyx, fruit fleshy, 

elongate, 1-2.5 cm thick ................ Pamentiera 

7. Leaves pinnate ............................ 8 

8. Inflorescence long-pendent, corolla reddish brown,abruptly curved, 

broadened and campanulate just above tube, fruit indehiscent, 

8. Not as above. .......................... -9 

Leaves trifoliolate or pinnately or bipinnately compound ......... 6 

at least half as wide as long ................. Jacaranda 

fibrous-fleshy, sausage-shaped ............... Kigelia 
NUMBER 81 5 

9. Calyx several cm long, splitting and becoming spathe-like; 

leaflets entire, corolla large, if tubular-funnelform, then white 

................................. 10 

10. Corolla broadly campanulate, strongly curved, scarlet; fruit 

10. Corolla tubular-funnelform, white; hit cylindric; slightly 

Calyx much smaller, not spathe-like, leaflets serrate, corolla not 

more than 4-5 cm ...................... 11 

Leaflets, broadly ovate to orbicular, 1.5-2 cm long, corolla red, 

narrowly tubular-funnelform, curved, stamens and pistil 

well-exserted ................... Tecomuriu 

Leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, several cm long, corolla bright 

yellow, straight, narrowly campanulate, lobes broadly flaring, 

1. Lianas or vine-like, leaves pinnate or trifoliolate, often with one or more leaflets 

lanceolate, splitting down one side ........ Spathodea 

compressed, splitting along two sutures. .. Dolichandrone 

9. 

1 1. 

1 1. 

stamens and pistil included ............. Tecomu 

modified for climbing, fruit capsular. ..................... 12 

12. Leaves pinnately compound ..................... Tecomuriu 

12. Leaves trifoliolate or bifoliolate ........................ 13 

One foliole modified into claw-like hooks, flowers yellow, corolla tube broad 

.................................. Macfadyena 

Claw-like hooks lacking, corolla not yellow ................ 14 

Leaflet ovate, acute or acuminate, tendril usually present and obviously 

trifid, corolla narrowly tubular-funnelform, lobes narrow, ovate, valvate 2; 

Leaflets various, tendril if present simple or inconspicuously trifid, corolla 

tubular-campanulate with rounded lobes, not orange, stamens included, 

Leaflets 2 or leaves simple, a tiny bromeliad-like group of pseudostipules or bud-scales around bases of some internodes, especially 

peduncles, capsule short, usually not over twice as long as wide, spiny 

15. Leaflets 2 or 3, pseudostipules, if present, not as above, capsule linear or 

Fruit valves costate, acuminate, plant with garlic odor when bruised or 

broken, calyx-limb flaring, corolla lavender ........ Mansoa 

Fruit valves not notably costate, odor when broken not alliaceous, 

Inflorescence a twice or more trichotomous cymose panicle, leaflet 

bases rounded or broadly cuneate, pseudostipules inconspicuous or 

early caducous, tendril often present and conspicuous, limb whitish 

Inflorescence a few-flowered panicle; leaflet-bases narrowly cuneate, pseudostipules conspicuous, foliaceous, tendril, if present, not 

conspicuous corolla lobes magenta or rose-pink . . , . . Sa&a 

13. 

13. 

14. 

stamens exserted, fruit valves costate ............. Pyrostegb 

capsule valves usually ecostate ..................... 15 

14. 

15. 

................................ Clytostomu 

linear-oblong, smooth ......................... 16 

16. 

16. 

calyx-limb not notably flaring ................... 17 

17. 

to pink or lavender. .................... Cydista 

17. 

Catalpa Scopoli nulate, 2-lipped (or 5-lobed); stamens 2; style filifom, with 2 

Catalpa Scopoli, Intro., 170, 1777. flat stigmatic lobes; fruit a linear capsule, dehiscent; seeds with 

a tuft of hairs at each end or villous all over. 

Trees deciduous or evergreen, leaves simple, opposite or 

ternate, petiolate; racemes or panicles terminal; corolla campaAbout 13 species mostly in north temperate zone, Asia and 

North America, several West Indian species, one widely 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

planted as an ornamental in the tropics, occasional in the 

Marianas. 

Catalpa longissima (Jacquin) Dumont de Courset 

Catalpa longissima (Jacquin) Dumont de Courset, Bot. Cult., 2:190, 1802; 

Sims. Bot Mag., t. 1094, 1808.--Stone, Micronesica,6:529,1971.-Souder, 

In Guam Gardens, 62, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:251, 1979. 

Eignonia longissimu Jaquin. Enum. FI. Carib., 25, 1760. 

Small to medium tree, bark light gray, said to be occasionally 

deciduous in dry periods; leaves opposite and ternate, simple, 

petiolate, blades ovate or elliptic -lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate, 5-1 1 x 2-4 cm, margins entire, veins rather widely 

spaced, network fine and clear, inflorescence a small panicle, 

with a slender rhachis and branches, pedicels slender, 1-1.5 cm 

long, few flowers open at a time; calyx membranous, globose 

in bud, apiculate, splitting almost to base into 2 concave lobes; 

corolla white to pinkish, tube very short, throat 1.5 cm long, 

campanulate, purple and yellow lined within, limb very deeply 

lobed, lobes rounded; stamens and pistil included; capsule very 

slender, almost wire-like, to 60 cm long, valves thin but rather 

stiff, seeds thin, broadly linear acute at both ends, surface long 

villous. 

Native of Antilles, widely planted, locally seen in Marianas, 

sparingly naturalized in Rota. English name “yokewood.” 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Garapan (planted?), 2 m, 

Fosberg 31 782 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Capitol Hill, 150 m, 

Sachet 1814 (US). 

Rota: NW coast road near Tatachog Pt., 3-4 m, Fosberg & 

Moore 58287 (US, BISH). 

Guam: Andersen Field, 160 m, cult., Fosberg 35391 (US); 

SW side Banigada Hill, Stone 4172 (GUAM); Mangilao, 

Teraoka & Sagawa 388 (BISH). 

Clytostoma Miers ex Bureau 

Clyfostoma Miers ex Bureau, Adansonia, 8:353, 1868. 

Woody vines with opposite branching, younger stems often 

ribbed or angled; leaves opposite simple, unijugate or 

trifoliolate with one leaflet represented by a tendril; flowers in 

umbels, racemes, or singly on short lateral branches; often 

bracteate; calyx cup-shaped or campanulate, tending to be 

5-toothed; corolla large, showy, usually campanulate or 

tubular-funnelform, zygomorphic, lobes rounded, flaring, fruit 

oblong or oval, more or less compressed, covered with long 

stiff spines. 

A Central and South American genus of lianes with showy 

flowers, one species sparingly cultivated pantropically as an 

ornamental. 

Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau ex Grisebach 

Clytostomu callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau ex Grisebach, Symb. FI. 

Bignonia callistegioides Chamisso, Linnaea, 7:712, 1882. 

Argent., 257, 1874.--Souder, In Guam Gardens, 53, 1974. 

Vine with pale bark, stems 4-striate; leaves rarely simple and 

sub-sessile, usually a petiole, articulate to 2 petiolules, these 

articulate to elliptic to obovate blades, with a long tendril 

between them from summit of petiole; flowers large, lavender, 

showy, in few flowered racemes or long-pedicelled pairs 

terminally on short lateral branchlets, calyx with 5 linear teeth; 

corollas narrowly campanulate, throat quite variable in length, 

five large rounded spreading lobes. 

A native of southern tropical America, occasionally cultivated, said to be planted in Guam, but we have not seen it. 

Crescentia L. 

Crescentia L., Gen. PI., ed. 5, 274, 1754; Sp. Pl., 626, 1753. 

Small bushy trees; leaves in fascicles, these alternate; 

flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters on trunk and branches; 

calyx 2-parted (or 5-lobed), corolla zygomorphic, tubular; 

stamens 4, didynamous; ovary 1-loculed; fruit globose, baccate 

with hard indehiscent rind; large seeds embedded in soft pulp. 

A small tropical American genus, two species widely planted 

in the tropics, both in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Crescentia 

Leaves simple spatulate, gradually narrowed to base, sessile or 

subsessile . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. cujete 

Leaves compound, trifoliate, cruciform (or rarely bijugate or 

simple), petiolate, petiole broadly winged . . . . . C. ah 

Crescentia ahta Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth 

Crescenfia alafa Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth, Nov. Gen. and Sp., 3:158, 

1818.--Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 70, 1826.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. 

Herb., 9:250, 1905.-Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:141, 1914.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6529-530, 1971.--Souder, In Guam Gardens, 66, 1974.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:251, 1979. 

Crescenfia frifolia Blanco, Fl. Phil., ed. I, 489, 1847. 

Parmenfiera alafa (Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth) Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc., 

26:166. 1868. 

Small tree with slender, wand-like branches, very pale 

brownish; leaf arrangement unusual, basically alternate, but at 

most nodes 3 or more leaves, fasciculate, center one compound, 

trifoliolate (rarely pinnately 5-foliolate) with 3 spatulate 

leaflets from summit of a long alate narrowly spatulate petiole, 

the whole forming a cross, at the base of the petiole are two 

small stipule-like obovate entire leaves, these rarely replaced 

by diminutive trifoliolate leaves similar to the larger central 

ones, rarely mixed fascicles of both kinds (Roszel s. n.); rarely 
NUMBER 81 7 

the leaflets are acuminate rather than rounded at apex (Evans 

2300); cauliflorous, flowers solitary, from trunk or larger 

branches, shortly pedicellate, calyx “2-parted,” corolla campanulate, to 6-7 cm long, 2 cm wide, shortly lobed brownish to 

purplish, ill-scented; stamens 4, didynamous, staminode 1.5 cm 

long; fruit globose, with hard seeds in pulpy placenta. 

Native of Mexico and Central America, occasional in 

cultivation in tropical countries; rarely planted in the Marianas 

as a curiosity, rarely apparently spontaneus. A tree of this 

species growing in the Bishop’s yard in Agaiia, was, by some, 

regarded as of religious significance because of its crossshaped leaves. 

cross tree (English: Souder, 1974) 

cross tree (Guam: Fosberg 43477) 

hekara (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

hikara (Guam: Whiting B1) 

jicama (Guam: Safford & Seale 1012) 

jouaca (Guam: Marche 287) 

kara (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826; Merrill, 1914) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Navy Hill, 250 m, Evans 

2300 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Guam: Merrill, 1914:141; s. l., G.E.S. 6 4 (US); Marche 287 

(P, POM); Whiting BI (US, POM); hill above Agania, Rodin 

821 (US); Agania Heights, planted in garden, 50 m, Fosberg 

43477 (US, BISH); Safford & Seale 1012 (US); from Bishop’s 

house grounds, Roszel in 1970 (US); Agaiia Heights, Smith 3 

(US) in small gulley near two roads down Manengon River in 

savanna, Rhinehart (Raulerson’s) 18542 (US, GUAM). 

Crescentia cujete L. 

Crescenfia cujete L., Sp. PI., 626, 1753.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 66, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:251, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 39, 1980. 

Small tree with long curved thick, nodose, unbranched 

branches coming out in different directions from a short trunk; 

leaves 15 x 3 cm (rarely 4) simple, oblanceolate with acute 

apices and long cuneate bases, nerves pinnate at a wide angle to 

midrib, occurring in fascicles of 1-7 leaves from tops of 

prominent alternately disposed nodes (possibly extremely 

reduced branchlets), bases among very small scale-like 

bractlets; flowers solitary or 2-3 on very short recurved 

pedicels emerging from tops of nodes on trunk and branches, 

buds globose, becoming broadly cylindric, flowers reflexed, 

calyx 2.0-2.5 cm long 1.5 cm wide, splitting vertically into 2 

strongly concave or gibbous lips, upper part faintly plicate or 

grooved and with sharply distinct dark sunken glands in linear 

patterns, corolla about 6 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, 1.5 cm thick, 

tubular-campanulate tube arched above, sharply cross-pleated 

or gibbous, 1-8 mm above base on lower side, irregularly 

plicate longitudinally on each side and on lower side, externally 

abundantly sprinkled with white granule-like glands, light 

green lined with light maroon, sinuses 5, very prominently 

projecting, lobes erect, laciniate into several crispate lanceolate 

processes; stamens in 2 unequal pairs, anthers white, broad, 

V-shaped, the separate anther sacs pendent from summit of the 

strong filament; style subequal with corolla, stigma lobes 2, flat 

broadly elliptic, held erect face to face, exserted, white; fruits 

tending to develop on trunk and larger branches, very large, 

globose, becoming 15-25 cm in diameter. 

Native of northern tropical America especially in semi-dry 

open areas. Known from Guam and Palau in Micronesia; 

cultivated as a curiosity and an ornamental; 2 or 3 trees known. 

VERNACULAR NAMESCalabash tree (English) 

hikara (Guam: Whiting BI) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-GU~n: AganaHts., Whiting BI (US, 

BISH); Agana, planted ornamental, Fosberg 59614 (US, POM, 

BISH); Agana, 10 m, Scully 195 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: Blackburn E-86 (US, 

BISH); Otobed 49 (US); Cheatham 90 (US, BISH). 

Cydista Miers 

Cydista Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London, 3:191, 1863. 

Vines or climbing shrubs; leaves opposite, leaflets 2, often 

with an unbranched tendril between them, inflorescence a 

terminal compound thyrsoid-dichasial panicle; calyx cupshaped,truncate or slightly toothed margin; corolla narrowly 

funnelform campanulate, fruit a large, stiff, linear, dehiscent 

capsule without a longitudinal ridge or midrib. 

Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers 

Cydista aequinocrialis (L.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc., 3:191, 1863.- 

Bignonia aequinocrialis L., Sp. PI., 623, 1753. 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica 15:251, 1979. 

Extensive vine, lacking garlic odor, leaflets large, ovate, 

tendril simple often much exceeding leaflets; inflorescence a 

twice or more trichotomous terminal panicle; flowers funnelform, throat yellow within, brownish outside, lobes lavender 

or pink or whitish with purple markings; fruit a large stiff 

brown dehiscent strap-shaped pod; seed body small, wings 

extending several times its width. 

Tropical American, cultivated in the tropics; said to have 

been planted in Guam, but probably only based on a 

misidentification of Mansoa alliacea, though Cydista may also 

have been introduced. 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Dolichandrone (Fenzl) B. Seemann 

Dolichandrone (Fend) B. Seemann, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., series 3, 10:31, 

1862; Joum. Bot., 1:226, 1863; 8:379, 1970 [nom. cons.]. 

Trees; leaves pinnate or unifoliolate, opposite, whorled or 

alternate; calyx spathe-like, clavate, splitting down one side, 

corolla large, tubular-funnelform, stamens 4 fertile, one 

staminode; capsule elongate terete or flattened, eventually 

dehiscent, septum narrow, false-septum wide parallel to 

capsule valves; seeds winged. 

Nine species in Old World tropics, Africa to western Pacific, 

one widespread, mangrove-associated, reaching western Carolines. 

Dolichandrone spathacea (L. f.) K. Schumann 

Dolichandrone spafhacea (L. f.) K. Schumann, Fl. Kaiser Wilh., 123, 

1889.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:475, 1901.-Kanehira, FI. Micr., 346, 

1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 411, 1935.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 

7:200, 1937.4kabe. Nankyo, 2:48, 1943.-van Steenis, Pacific Plant 

Areas, 1: map 1, 1963; FI. Malesiana, 8:142. 1977.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:252, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 39, 

1980. 

Bignonia spathacea L. f., Suppl. 283, 1781. 

Tree to 10 m; leaves opposite, leaflets 7-9, glabrous, 

variably ovate, even or uneven at base, strongly acuminate, 

petiolulate; inflorescence a terminal very short decussate 

few-flowered raceme, becoming woody and thick at fruiting; 

calyx cylindric or clavate, 3-6 cm long, obtuse and glandular 

at apex (in Micronesian specimens, and some from other areas 

beaked), splitting distally and becoming spathe-like as corolla 

elongates; circumscissile caducous at base; corolla white, 

12-20 cm long tubular funnelform, tube to 12 cm long, about 

1 cm thick, flaring to funnel-form, in distal 10-12 cm, the 5 

rounded crispate lobes spreading to 10 cm; stamens included; 

style with stigma somewhat exserted; fruit cylindric, somewhat 

compressed, 22-75 x 2-3 cm, hard, valves and pseudoseptum 

stiff; seeds rectangular the wings stiff and square at ends, the 

whole to at least 7-20 mm, body of seed about 5 x 10 mm, one 

side notched, the other obtuse, flat, the combined stiff wings 

encircling the whole. 

Found throughout Malesia, extending westward to India and 

Ceylon, the east Bengal coast and southern Indo-China, and 

eastward to Palau and Yap, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides 

and New Caledonia. It occurs around the back of the mangrove 

swamp and up to 6-8 m elevation. Its seeds seem adapted to 

both wind and water dispersal. 

The only indigenous member of the Bignoniaceae in 

Micronesia. 

USES.-Red capsules used for chewing, mixed with lime 

(Koror: Kanehira 132). Leaf and fruit used as substitute for 

Piper betle in chewing betel nut (Koror: Fosberg 32104). For 

framboesia: Bark of “ririu” and young stem and flower-stalk of 

“gatung” (Croton sp.) are squeezed together, the sap put into 

heated coconut oil, which is applied when cooled to the 

affected part (Yap: Okabe, 1943). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

narin (Koror: Fosberg 32104) 

riu (Palau: Kanehira, 1935) 

mu (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

ririu (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

myou (Yap: Cushing 634) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Arekalong, Takamatsu 1694 (BISH); Ngardok (or Garudoppu), Takamatsu 

1319 (BISH); Melekiok, Takamatsu 1384 (BISH); Marikyoku, 

Kanehira 380 (FU), 2032 (FU); Arumonogui, near Arumaten, 

Hosokawa 6742 (US). Koror: Emmons 9 (US); Kanehira 132 

(FU); Madmoduk Islet, W of Koror, Stone 1288 (GUAM). 

Ngerabe’ed, Fosberg 32104 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Iubukle, 

Fisher 50 (US). 

Yap: Map, Takamatsu 1896 (BISH); Guror, Stemmermann 

3178A (BISH, 2 sheets); strand forest, Kanehira 1191 (FU, 2 

sheets); Kanehira & Hatusima 4321 (FU); Tomil I., 25 ft [7 m], 

Hosaka 3272 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); clay soil 15 ft [4 m], 

Wong 499 (US); Moloai, Hosokawa 8994 (US); Mer Peninsula, 

E of Yap, sea level, Cushing 634 (US); 15 ft [4 m], Wong 499 

(US). 

Jacaranda Jussieu 

Jacaranda Jussieu, Gen. Pl., 138, 1789. 

Trees, evergreen or deciduous; leaves opposite, usually 

bipinnately compound, leaflets many, small; flowers paniculate 

mauve; panicles axillary or terminal; corolla small, campanulate; capsules broadly oval, orbicular or oblong, woody, 

dehiscent, 2-celled; seeds many, winged. 

A widespread tropical American genus commonly planted in 

tropics and subtropics as an ornamental. 

Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don 

Jacarandia mimosaefolia D. Don, Bot. Reg., t. 631. 1822. 

Jacaranda filicifolia D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ., 266, 1823.-Fosberg and 

Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:34, 1962.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:252, 1979. 

Jacaranda acutifolia sensu auct. [non Humboldt & Bonpland, PI. Aequin., 

1:59, t.7, 18061. 

Tree to 15 m, evergreen or briefly deciduous; leaves with 

12-15 more pairs of pinnae, each with many elliptic to 

obliquely ovate or oblong small sharply acuminate or aristate 

leaflets; flowers in much-branched terminal panicles, calyx 

small, cup-shaped, 5-toothed; corolla narrowly campanulate, 

3-6 cm long, somewhat ventricose on one side, densely and 

finely puberulent without, 5 lobed, lower lobe densely woolly 

pilose within; larger capsule to 6 cm across, apex rounded or 
NUMBER 81 9 

subtruncate, seeds many, with 2 transparent wings. 

In Micronesia known only from a report of a plant in the 

garden on Jaluit, and from a collection from a Forest 

Department planting on Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.auam: Cotal, planted, seeds said to 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Jaluit: Fosberg & Sachet, reported as 

be from Palau (probably in error), Fosberg 59715 (US). 

seen by Mackenzie (pers. comm., 1962). 

Kigelia de Candolle 

Kigelia de Candolle, Bibl. Univ. Geneve, series 2, 17:135, 1838.-Steenis, FI. 

Males., I, 8, 183, 1977. 

Trees, leaves opposite or 3 at a node, imparipinnate, leaflets 

large, inflorescence a long peduncled open panicle, pendulous; 

flowers large, calyx 2(-5) lobed, 5 ribbed, campanulate; 

corolla bilabiate, tube short, throat campanulate, curved, 

leathery, glabrous; upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed deflexed, 

lobes somewhat obovate; stamens 4, didynimous, staminode 1; 

disk 5-lobed, thick; ovary 1-loculed, 2 parietal placentae; fruit 

more or less cylindric or ellipsoid, large, indehiscent, a fibrous 

pulp within; seeds thick, wingless, embedded in pulp, testa 

woody. 

As many as 18 species have been described in this 

widespread African genus. Various authors disagree on how 

many there are and how they are distinguished. At least two 

species exist, one maroon- and one yellow-flowered (fide 

Gentry in litt.). The widespread cultivated species has been 

called K. africana and K. pinnata. Perhaps two species are 

involved, as different looking individuals are seen in cultivation, but the maroon-flowered plants show no taxomonically 

recognizable differances in Africa (fide Gentry). Most herbarium specimens are too poor to help much. Van Steenis (loc. 

cit.), has concluded that the genus has only one variable 

species. Until more reliable information is available, we choose 

to follow him and call the famous “sausage tree” Kigelia 

africana. 

It is said to have been planted in Guam, but we have seen no 

specimens from there. It will doubtless be planted in 

Micronesia if it has not already been. 

Kigelia africana (Lamarck) Bentham 

Kigelia africana (Larnarck) Bentham in Hooker, Niger Fl., 463, 1849.- 

Bignonia africana Lamarck, Encycl. Meth., 1:424, 1785. 

Crescenfiapinnara Jacquin, Coll., 3:203, t. 18, 1791. 

Kigelia pinnara (Jacquin) de Candolle, Biblioth. Universalle Geneve, 11, 

Steenis, FI. Males., I, 8:183, 1977. 

17:135, 1838; Prodr., 9:247, 1845. 

Spreading tree with large pinnate leaves, large oblongelliptic leaflets, rounded, subserrate at apex; panicles hanging 

as long as 60 cm loose; flowers dark maroon-red; fruit hanging 

vertically, to 40 cm or more long, cylindric with rounded ends, 

a rough somewhat scabby surface. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: former Dededo Arboretum, 

Scully & Null 158 (US). 

Macfadyena A. de Candolle 

Macfadyena A. de Candolle, Prodr., 9:179, 1845. 

Doxantha Miers. Roc. Roy. Hort. Soc., 3:188-190, 1863. 

Woody vines; roots tuberiferous; leaves opposite, leaflets 2, 

a 3rd represented by a 3-clawed organ (“uncate tendril”), much 

smaller in juvenile slender plants, which are closely appressed 

to tree trunk or other sub-stratum; “pseudostipules” small, 

ovate or lanceolate; inflorescence a much reduced axillary 

cyme; calyx membranous, campanulate, corolla glabrous, 

tubular-campanulate, limb bilabiate, 5-lobed; fruit a linear 

strongly flattened capsule, valves parallel to septum, with 

slightly raised mid-nerve; seeds thin, winged, wings not 

sharply distinct from seed-body. 

A small tropical American genus, one species widely planted 

as an ornamental, known in Micronesia at least from Guam and 

Truk. In the past usually called Doxantha Miers. 

Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry 

Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry, Brittonia, 25:236, 1973. 

Bignonia unguis-cati L., Sp. PI., 623, 1753. 

Doxanrha unguis-cari (L.) Miers, Emend. Rehder, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. 

Ges., 1913:262, 1913.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 53, 1974. 

Much-branched tangled vine, clambering by its claw-like 

“tendrils,” when young small-leafed and clinging close to 

substratum; rooting at nodes; mature leaflets ovate, acuminate, 

to 16 x 7 cm, usually smaller, membranous, uncate tendril 1-3 

cm long, 3 arms stiff and hooked; axillary panicles reduced to 

3 or even 1 flower; calyx membranous, margin sinuate; corolla 

tubular-campanulate, yellow, somewhat dorsiventrally flattened, plicate on lower side, lobes rounded; stamens didynamous; fruit an elongate linear flattened capsule, seeds several 

times as wide as long, wings membranous, blunt-ended. 

Sparingly planted in Micronesia, does not ordinarily set fruit 

in cultivation. Reported from Guam, collected only on Truk. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-TIU~: Moen: Moen village, Fosberg 

60330 (US, BISH, POM). A sterile juvenile collection. 

Mansoa de Candolle 

Mansoa de Candolle, Bibl. Univ. Genev., 17:128, 1838. 

Pachyptera de Candolle ex Miesner, Gen., 1:299,2:207, 1840. 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Woody vines with strong alliaceous odor, leaves opposite, 

with petiole articulated to 2 petiolules, which are articulated to 

large leaflets, on some leaves a branched tendril between 

leaflets, inflorescence racemose on small lateral branchlets; 

corolla narrowly campanulate, limb flaring; fruit linear, 

dehiscent, “midrib” or low keel or ridge, median lengthwise on 

each side. 

A small tropical American genus of 15 species one widely 

cultivated. 

Mansoa hymenaea (de Candolle) Gentry 

Mansoa hyrnenaea (de Candolle) Gentry, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 66:782, 1979 

Bignonia hyrnenaea de Candolle, Prodr., 9: 158, 1845. 

Pseudocalyrnrna alliacea sensu auct. pl. non (Lamarck) Sandwith, Rec. Trav. 

Bot. Neerl., 34210, 1937.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:252, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 38, 1980. 

Extensively climbing liana, bark pale; leaflets ovate to 

elliptic, tendril present or absent, blade thinly stiff-coriaceous; 

racemes on short lateral branchlets, loose or condensed, rarely 

somewhat branched, pedicels filiform 1 cm or shorter; calyx 

cup-shaped, distal third or half flaring, margin slightly sinuate, 

shortly ciliolate; corolla 5-6 cm long, lavender, broadening 

upward, limb flaring to 4-5 cm wide, lobes round; ovary 

prismatic strongly ribbed; fruit flat, 15 x 1.5 cm, with a clear 

longtudinal rib, acuminate; seed thin, body trapezoidal about 8 

x 8 mm, with a wide thin rounded wing on each side extending 

about 1 cm. 

Local name “galick” or garlic vine, from its strong alliaceous 

odor when broken. 

Originally from tropical America, but widely cultivated; 

known in Micronesia from Guam and Palau. 

[ 19801. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

Parmentiera cereifera Seemann 

Parmentiera cereifera Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 182, t. 32, 1854.-Souder, 

In Guam Gardens, 69, 1974. 

Small spineless tree; often with several trunks; leaves 

opposite or subopposite, rarely in whorls of 3 or 4, trifoliolate 

with slightly winged petiole, lateral leaflets elliptic to ovate, 

terminal elliptic to slightly obovate, apex acuminate, margins 

of both entire when tree is mature, when juvenile coarsely 

serrate; flowers solitary or 2 or 3 on dwarf branchlets on old 

wood or trunk, “cauliflorous,” calyx spathe-like, 2-5 cm long; 

corolla white, tubular, 3.7-6.4 cm long, glabrous, lobes about 

1 cm long; fruit elongate, subterete, indehiscent, waxyglabrous, yellow, hanging vertically, to 1 m long, 1-2.5 cm 

thick; seeds 3-4 cm long and wide, narrowly winged. 

Widely planted in the tropics, native of Panama; 1 or more 

trees persisting in the abandoned Dededo Arboretum on Guam. 

English common name “candle-tree.” 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^: Dededo Arboretum, 110 m, 

Null & Scully 132 (US). 

Pyrostegia K.B. Presl 

Pyrostegia K.B. Presl, Abh. Konigl. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., series 5, 3323, 1845. 

Climbing shrubs or vines, stems 5-6 angled, leaves with 2 

leaflets, with or without a central tendril, this often trifid; 

inflorescence paniculate; calyx cup-shaped, 5-denticulate, 

corolla narrowly tubular-funnelform; stamens with anthers 

exserted; ovary linear, 4-angled; fruit linear, compressed, 

valves parallel to septum, median nerve somewhat prominent; 

seeds thin, with 2 thin wings, margins hyaline. 

A small South American genus; one species widely 

cultivated in the tropics as an ornamental, said to be planted in 

Guam. 

Agana Spring’ 2o m’ Evans 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Ngerbeched, Rekoi 2 

1709 (US); Agana Heights, 50 m, Fosberg 43475 (US). 

(US). 

Pyrostegia venustu (Ker-Gawler) Miers 

Parmentiera de Candolle Pyrosfegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. SOC., 3:188, 1863. 

Parmentiera de Candolle, Biblioth. Universelle Geneve, series 2, 17:135,1838. 

Trees; leaves opposite (to subopposite), palmately compound, leaflets 3-5, petiolulate; flowers solitary or fasciculate, 

mostly cauliflorous on old wood, calyx spathe-like, split 

ventrally; corolla white or greenish white, campanulate to 

funnel-form, usually transversally plicate across lower side of 

throat; stamens 4 sub-exserted; fruit indehiscent, cylindric, 

fleshy; seeds small, wing vestigial. 

A small tropical American genus, of eight species, one 

Bignonia venusfa Ker-Gawler, Bot. Register, pl. 249, 1818. 

Bignonia ignea Vellozo, Fl. Flum., 244, 4, pl. 15, 1825. 

Pyrostegia ignea (Vellozo) K. Presl, Bot. Bemerk., 93, 1844.--Souder, In 

Guam Gardens, 53, 1974. 

Extensive vine; branchlets somewhat angled and puberulent; 

leaves opposite, with 2 ovate acuminate leaflets, sometimes 

with a tendril, between them, proximally straight, then strongly 

coiled, then trifid, the branches capillary; flowers in cymose 

panicles, terminal or on short lateral branches, pedicels slender, 

5-15 mm long, often appearing longer, as node is inconspicu- 
NUMBER 81 11 

ous, panicle-branches have tiny bractlets; calyx cup-like, 

truncate or denticulate; corolla to 6.5 cm long, slender, 

narrowly funnelform, tending to be rectangular in transverse 

section, lobes bright reddish orange, small, ovate; anthers 

exserted, stigma also; capsule linear 25-30 x 1.5 cm; seeds 

about 1.2- 1.4 cm long, 4-4.5 cm wide, prominently winged. 

English common name “orange trumpet vine.” 

Present but not commonly planted in Guam. 

Saritaea Dugand 

Saritaea Dugand, Caldasia, 3:262, 1945. 

Lianas, branchlets terete; “pseudostipules” foliaceous; 

leaves bifoliolate, often with a simple tendril; calyx cupular, 

truncate; corolla tubular-campanulate; ovary cylindric, ovules 

2-seriate in each locule; capsule linear, compressed, valves 

parallel to septum; seeds thin, bialate. 

A genus of one species, native of Colombia, widely 

cultivated. 

Saritaea magnifica (W. Bull) Dugand 

Saritaea mqnifica (W. Bull) Dugand, Caldasia, 3:263, 1945. 

Bignonia magnifica W. Bull, Gardn. Chon., 12:72-73, f.9, 1879. 

Arrubiduea magnifico (W. Bull) Sprague ex v. Steenis, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl., 

24:830-831, 1927; in adnot. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz, series 3, 10:191, 

1928.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 53, 1974. 

Scrambling to climbing woody liana, twigs subterete; 

leaflets 2, obovate, obtuse, base cuneate, blade 5-12 x 3-6 cm; 

inflorescence a few-flowered terminal cymose panicle; calyx 

truncate; corolla tubular-campanulate, 8- 10 cm long, lobes 

very large, spreading, orbicular, to 3 cm long, bright 

rose-purple (or “lavender”); fruit linear, compressed, 10-22 x 

1 cm, midrib not raised; seeds with membranous hyaline wings. 

Said to be planted in Guam, but we have seen no specimens. 

The parenthetical author of this name is usually cited as 

Sprague ex van Steenis. The basionym, Bignonia magnifica 

Bull, is not cited on P 830 by van Steenis, but is added in a 

footnote on the next page. Therefore the parenthetical citation 

should be Bull. William Bull was a prominent English 

horticulturist and nurseryman. 

Spathodea Beauvois 

Spathodeu Beauvois, R. Oware, 1:46, 1805. 

Trees with opposite (rarely temate) large odd-pinnately 

compound leaves, with oppositely disposed leaflets; inflorescence a crowded bracteate raceme, flowers on thick pedicels 

bearing 2 bractlets near the summits; calyx spathiform, 

completely united in bud, splitting dorsally from the apex to 

near the base; corolla very strongly zygomorphic, gibbous just 

above the short tube, 5-lobed, laterally compressed; stamens in 

2 pairs, inserted at the summit of the corolla tube, one pair 

slightly shorter and inserted just above the other, anther 

versatile, shortly exserted between the upper two lobes; disk 

entire, cup-shaped, closely surrounding the ovary; pistil with a 

small ovary, style somewhat exceeding stamens, stigma of two 

flat lobes; fruit a stiff lanceolate or narrowly oblong capsule 

somewhat flattened and splitting down one side; seeds thin, 

surrounded by a broad transparent thinly membranous wing. 

An African genus of one or two species, one (or both) are 

cultivated, planted in most tropical countries, becoming 

naturalized. 

Spathodea campanulata Beauvois 

Spathodea carnpanulata Beauvois, Fl. Oware Afr., 1:47, 1804.4lassman, 

Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:102, 1952.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:530, 1971.- 

Randall and Tsuda et al., Univ. Guam Mar. Lab. Rch. Rept., 12:24, 

1974.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 62, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:252, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 39, 1980. 

Large tree with a stout, tapering often somewhat buttressed 

trunk, branches thickish, marked with small white lenticels, 

subglabrous to thinly puberulent; leaves usually opposite 

(rarely 3 at a node), very widely diverging, up to 50 cm long, 

(7-) 11-15 (-17) leaflets broadly elliptic or ovate, entire, to 15 

x 7.5 cm, with 7-8 principal veins on each side, puberulent and 

prominent beneath, apex very slightly acuminate, base somewhat asymmetrically obtuse, lower leaflets tending to be 

reflexed, petiolule short, 2-3 mm, rhachis nearly straight, 

brownish-puberulent, petiole up to 6 cm long, thickened at 

base; raceme 8-10 cm long on a peduncle of about the same 

length, with a pair of reduced leaves about halfway up, rhachis 

and pedicels thick, brownish puberulent, bracts subtending 

pedicels lanceolate, curved, about 1 cm long, caducous, pair of 

bractlets near summit of pedicel similar, opposite; calyx 

strongly curved upward, asymmetric, about 5 cm long, 

tapering, somewhat ribbed, splitting at anthesis to within a few 

mm of base along dorsal curve, apex horn-like, blunt, exterior 

brownish sericeous puberulent; corolla bright vermillion or 

scarlet, 10-12 cm long, mouth of limb about 7 cm across, lobes 

about 3 cm long, obtuse, margins strongly crispate, orangeyellow; filaments about 5 cm long, dull orange anthers arcuate, 

linear, very dark brown, 15 mm long; style yellow, 8 cm long, 

stigma reddish; capsule lanceolate, slightly compressed, 17-25 

x 3.5-7 cm. 

Pantropical cultivated tree, native to West Africa; commonly 

planted in Micronesia, naturalized locally, its scarlet flower 

clusters very showy. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

African tulip tree (English) 

fireball (English) 

tulipier du Gabon (French) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-S. l., Nelson 554 (BISH); Guam: NW 

of Barrigada Hill, Stone 41 79 (US, GUAM); Machanao, 150 m, 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Evans 1764 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Moran 4531 (UC, 

POM); Piti, Winebrenner 69 (BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Topside, Emmons 39 

(US, BISH); Otobed 50 (US). 

Truk: Moen: Near hotel, 50-100 m, Evans 753 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); administrative area, Daniells 93 (US); Moen 

village, Fosberg 60351 (US, BISH, POM); Gov. Hill area, 20 

m, Grimm 312 (US). 

Ponape: Vicinity of Kolonia, sea level, Glassman 2872 (US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., 0-4 m, 

NAURU ISLAND.-Danigomodu, W side of island, Fosberg 

Fosberg 48050 (US). 

58682 (US, BISH). 

Tabebuiu Gomes ex de Candolle 

Tabebuia Gomes ex de Candolle, Obs., 2:7, t. 2, 1803. 

Cybistax Mart. ex Meissner, PI. Vasc. Gen., 1:300; 2:208, 1840. 

Roseodendron Miranda, Biol. Soc. Mex., 29:42, 1965. 

Shrubs or more usually trees, reaching a very large size; 

leaves opposite, digitately compound with 3-7 leaflets, or 

sometimes unifoliolate, often lepidote; inflorescence a terminal 

panicle or raceme orreduced to a single flower, calyx variously 

cupulate, tubular or campanulate, truncate to lobed or bilabiate; 

corolla tubular-funnelform to narrowly campanulate; ovary 

linear-oblong, ovules 2-multiseriate; fruit a capsule, linear to 

oblong, dehiscent perpendicular to septum; seeds winged or 

not. 

A large tropical American genus found in various habitats, 

prominent in dry forests. A number of species are cultivated as 

ornamentals and some are important timber species. Several 

have been reported from Micronesia, one of them quite widely 

planted. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Tabebuiu 

1. Leaflets thin or chartaceous, acuminate, cordate at base, 

flowers bright yellow, in ample panicles, which are 

glandular puberulent ........ T. donnell-smithii 

1. Leaflets thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, mostly obtuse, 

flowers yellow or rose-purple, in relatively small 

2. Leaflets mostly 10 cm or more long, 5-7, petiolules 

thick, flowers yellow, in relatively few-flowered 

corymbiform panicles ........... T. aurea 

2. Leaflets mostly less than 10 cm long, mostly 2-5, on 

slender petiolules, flowers rose or purplish .... 3 

3. Leaflets coriaceous, usually obtuse, varying to bluntly 

acute or rarely somewhat bluntly acuminate, base 

acute, not conspicuously jointed to petiolule ... 

Leaflets chartaceous to subcoriaceous, apices acuminate, petiolule appearing slightly dorsally atglabrous panicles ................... 2 

.................. T. heterophylla 

3. 

tached, extreme base of blade very shortly sulcate 

at attachment ............... T. rosea 

Tabebuiu aurea (Manso) Bentham & Hooker ex Moore 

Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Bentham & Hooker ex Moore, Tr. Linn. SOC. London, 

Bignonia aurea Manso, Enurn. Subot. Braz., 49, 1836. 

Tecoma aurea (Manso) de Candolle, Prodr., 9:222, 1845. 

Tabebuia caraiba (Martius) Bureau, in Kongl. Vet. Sw. Acad., 112, 1893. 

Tecoma caraiba Martius, FI. Bras., 2:24, 1841. 

Tabebuia argentea (Bureau and K. Schumann) Britton, Sci. Survey P.R. and 

11, 4:423, 1895. 

Virgin Is., 6:197, 1925.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 62, 1974. 

Small to medium tree, bark pale; leaves opposite, palmately 

compound, leaflets 5-7, on long petiolules, oblong-lanceolate 

to broadly oblong or elliptic, apices obtuse, bases acute or 

obtuse to subcordate, blades coriaceous, pale green; flowers in 

terminal corymbiform thyrsoid panicles, 1-3 times branched, 

branches stout, strongly ascending; calyx 1-1.5 cm long, 

funnelform-campanulate, lobes rounded to obtuse, somewhat 

spreading; corolla narrowly funnelform, bright yellow, 6-8 cm 

long, limb 4-5 cm wide, lobes rounded, sinuses deep; stamens 

and style included; fruit a smooth narrowly fusiform strongly 

beaked capsule to 9 cm long, seeds winged, much wider than 

long, body compressed, plano-convex, irregularly oblong, 

about 1 x 1.5 cm, wings hyaline, membranous, ends rounded, 

about 10-12 mm long. 

A planted ornamental, native of South America, reported 

from Guam, but no specimens seen by us. 

Tabebuiu donnell-smithii Rose 

Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose, Bot. Gaz., 17:418, pl. 26, 1892.--Souder, In 

Cybistax donnell-smithii (Rose) Seiben, Publ. Camegie Inst. Wash., 522:392, 

Roseodendron donnell-smithii (Rose) Miranda, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mex., 29: 142, 

Guam Gardens, 62, 1974. 

1940. 

1965. 

Large tree, deciduous or semi-deciduous, trunk pale, leaves 

opposite, palmately compound, leaflets 4-7, long-petiolulate, 

blades broadly oblong, to 15 x 8 cm, apex acuminate, base 

cordate, margin subentire to subrepand, somewhat woolly at 

base of midrib; flowers in large glandular-pubescent panicles, 

bright golden yellow, calyx campanulate, somewhat irregular, 

to 2 cm long, tomentulose, margin unevenly lobed, longer on 

one side; corolla tubular, to 3 cm long, limb of 5 spreading 

rounded lobes, glandular puberulent, stamens in 2 connivent 

incurved pairs, about the length of narrow part of corolla tube; 

style subequal with stamens; fruit a longitudinally ribbed 

subterete capsule 15-25 cm long, dehiscent; seed small, 

surrounded on 3 sides by a broad extremely thin, membranous 

hyaline wing. 

Reported as planted in Guam, but no Micronesian specimens 

seen. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-Gold tree (English). 
NUMBER 81 13 

Tabebuia heterophyh (de Candolle) Britton 

Tubebuiu heterophyllu (de Candolle) Britton, AM. Mo. Bot. Gard., 2:48, 1915. 

Rupuriu hererophylh de Candolle, Mem. Mus. Par., 9:153, 1822. 

Tubebuiu pullida sensu auct.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:252, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 39, 1980 [non (Lindley) 

Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. SOC., 3:199, 19631. 

Tubebuiu penruphyllu sensu Stone, Micronesica, 6:530-53 1, 1971 .-Souder, 

In Guam Gardens, 62, 1974 [non Hemsley, Biol. Cent. Am. Bot., 2:495, 1879 

(1 882)]. 

Tubebuiu roseu sensu auct. Micronesia [non (Bertoloni) DC Prodr., 9:215, 

18451. 

Large shrub or small tree; leaves with 1-5 leaflets, most 

commonly 3 in material observed, lateral leaflets subsessile or 

very shortly petiolulate, central with petiolules 5-15 (-20) mm 

long, blades stiff, thinly subcoriaceous, elliptic to obovate, 

apices obtuse or rounded to more rarely acute or rather bluntly 

acuminate, venation obscure but usually visible; panicle 

usually much reduced, frequently to 1 or 2 pedicellate flowers, 

these often nodding; calyx somewhat bilabiate or oblique, 

obscurely lobed, finely lepidote or glandular punctate; corolla 

tubular to very narrowly funnelform, to 7 cm long, more 

usually 4-6 cm, tube yellow, lobes rose-purple, broadly 

rounded, spreading to 4-5 cm; capsule said to be linearcylindric, attenuate at both ends, 7-15 cm long, lepidote; seeds 

winged, 7-9 mm long, 2-3 cm wide, wings sharply delineated 

from seed-body. Not seen fruiting in cultivation. 

Very commonly planted in the tropics, and on most high 

islands in Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Rota: Songsong village, 5- 10 m, 

Evans 2276 (US, BISH). 

Guam: Agana, Stone 4752 (US, GUAM); Fonte (ComMarianas) Hill, N of upper Fonte River, cult. Fosberg 35582 

(US); Tumon Bay, hotel grounds, Fosberg 58349 (US); Yona, 

Stone & Long 5061 (GUAM); Agana, cult., Fosberg 59785 

(US, BISH, POM); Mangilao, University campus, planted, 

Fosberg 59843 (US, BISH, POM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Otobed 51 (US). Koror: Hospital grounds, Blackburn 153 (US). 

Truk: Moen: Moen village, Fosberg & Sared 60297 (US, 

BISH, POM); Nob Hill, 100-150 m, Evans 1387 (US, BISH). 

Ponape: Kolonia, Fosberg 58453 (US, BISH). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., 1-3 m, 

Fosberg 48030 (US, BISH). 

Tubebuia roseu (Bertoloni) de Candolle 

Tubebuiu roseu (Bertoloni) de Candolle, Prod., 9:215, 1845. 

Tecomu roseo Bertoloni, Flora Guatirn. 425, 1840, 

Trees with leaves mostly with 5 elliptic or oblong 

subcoreaceous to chartaceous, apices notably acuminate, bases 

with a subdorsal attachment to petiole, ventrally very shortly 

sulcate, acute to rounded, glabrous; panicles few to many 

flowered; calyx narrowly campanulate, minutely but prominently lepidote, bilobed, lobes obtuse but minutely mucroulate 

or apiculate, apiculus tending to be reflexed; corolla narrowly 

funnelform-campanulate, to 2 cm long, limb spreading, 

rose-purple; fruit linear, tomentose, septum perpendicular to 

plane of compression of pod (usually not deen fruiting 

incultivation). 

Native of Central America, occasionally planted in the 

tropics (most plants seen under this name are T heterophylla); 

one collection seen from Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Planted at Navy Station, 

Orote Peninsula, Rhinehart LR 16490 (US). 

Tecoma Jussieu 

Tecoma Jessieu, Gen. Pl., 139, 1789. 

Srenolobium D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ., 9:264, 1823. 

Shrubs and trees, branching opposite; leaves pinnately 

compound (rarely simple?), opposite; inflorescences recemose, 

terminal; calyx 5-toothed; corolla tubular campanulate, 5- 

lobed, slightly zygomorphic; stamens 4, in 2 pairs, ovary 

2-celled, ovules many; fruit a linear loculicidal capsule; seeds 

winged. 

A small tropical American genus, one species pantropical in 

cultivation, widely naturalized. 

Tecoma stans (L.) Jussieu ex Kunth 

Tecoma stuns (L.) Jussieu ex Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth, Nov. 

Gen., 3:144, 1819.4uillaurnin, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 99:22, 1952.- 

Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:109, 1957.-Stone, Micronesica, 6531, 

1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 57, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:252, 1979. 

Bignoniu stuns L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 871, 1763. 

Stenolobium stuns (L.) Seemann, Journ. Bot., 1:88, 1863. 

Shrub or small tree, much branched, twigs tan or reddish tan, 

smooth, scarcely 4-sided; leaves opposite, pinnately compound, leaflets 1-9, usually 3-7, ovate-lanceolate, apex 

acuminate, base acute or obliquely acute, very shortly petiolate 

or subsessile, slightly hirsute on midrib and in vein axils 

beneath, margins irregularly serrate, leaves quite variable, 

rachis and petiole slender, glabrous; inflorescence an axillary or 

terminal raceme, pedicels short, irregularly curved or twisted, 

bracts reduced to minute scales, flowers rather few, calyx 

narrowly cylindric-campanulate, 5-7 mm long, with 5 subequa1 acuminate teeth, glabrous; corolla bright yellow, narrowly 

campanulate, tube narrow, about 1 cm long, throat about 2.5 cm 

long, dorsiventrally compressed, with 2 longitudinal folds on 

ventral side, 5 subequal spreading orbicular lobes about 8 mm 

long, several faint diffuse reddish lines in throat; stamens 4, 

attached at summit of tube, in 2 unequal pairs, included, 
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

filiments pilose at base, curved above, anthers versatile, linear, 

yellow, pilose, 6 mm long; sterile fifth stamen much reduced; 

pistil about equalling stamens, ovary narrowly cylindric, about 

equalling calyx, style filiform, glabrous, stigma flat, elliptic; 

capsule linear, compressed, 10-20 cm long, 7-8 mm wide, 

brown when ripe, with raised line or suture lengthwise on each 

flat side, tardily dehiscent along suture, septum parallel with 

flat sides, firm, seeds flat, oblong, 7-8 x 4 mm, with a 

membranous transparent wing on each end, ends of wing erose, 

seeds entire including wing about 20 x 6 mm. 

Widely distributed in tropical America, introduced as an 

ornamental and widely naturalized in Micronesia. Sometimes 

called yellow bells (English). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Tinian: San Jose Valley, Village, 

Cult., Fosberg 59929 (US, BISH, POM). 

Rota: Songsong village, Fosberg 58309 (US, BISH); 

Japanese Memorial S. of Sinapolo, N of quarry, Raulerson 

13257 (US); Japanese Memorial S of Sinapalo, N of Guany, 

Raulerson 19257 (US). 

Guam: Fonte (Com-Marianas) Hill, N of upper Forte River, 

cult. 150 m, Fosberg 35586 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Bangi 

Island in Agat Bay, Raulerson 1861 (BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Truk: Udot: Monowe, on hill back of 

village, Fosberg 60232 (US, BISH, POM). 

Nama: 0-3 m, Evans 1297 (US). 

NA~U IsLAND.-Lake Buada, Fosberg 58656 (US, BISH, 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Littk Makin; Catala 69 (P). 

Tarawa: Betio, Adair 75 (US); Betio, between the Japanese 

POM). 

building and road to wharf, Raulerson 3802 (US). 

Tecomaria (Endlicher) Spach 

Tecomaria (Endlicher) Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan., 9:137, 1840. 

Shrubs, sometimes somewhat scandent, much branched; 

leaves pinnate, leaflets 5-9, variable in shape, ovate to elliptic 

or rhombic or ovate, serrate; flowers in racemes or racemose 

panicles; calyx narrowly cylindro-campanulate, lobed; corolla 

slenderly tubular dilated somewhat, distally, bilabiate; stamens 

4, exserted, style more exserted; capsule linear, slightly carinate 

laterally, dehiscent perpendicularly to septum; seeds winged. 

A small genus usually restricted to one or two species,endemic to Africa. However, several Andean American 

species usually referred to Tecoma strongly resemble the 

African plants and have been transferred to it. Examination of 

these tends to confirm the impression of similarity. If these are 

considered too close to Tecoma, then perhaps the African ones 

should go here, too. For the present we retain Tecomaria as a 

separate genus. 

Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach 

Ecomoria capensis (Thunberg) Spach, Hist. Veg. Phan., 9:137, 1840. 

Bigonia capensis Thunberg, PI. Cap., 105, 1807. 

Tecoma capensis (Thunberg) Lindley, Bot. Reg., t. 11 17, 1827.--Souder, In 

Guam Gardens, 57, 1974. 

Shrub, sometimes subscandent, leaves opposite, small, 

once-pinnate, varying to rhombic, ovate, elliptic or orbicular, 

apex rounded to acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate, shortly 

petiolulate; inflorescence racemose or narrowly somewhat 

paniculate, subglabrous or puberulent, to 5-6 cm long; calyx 

campanulate, 6 mm long, with 5 acute or apiculate lobes, finely 

puberulent, pale and thinner beneath sinuses; corolla bright red, 

tubular funnelform more or less curved, 4-5 cm long, rather 

slender, bilabiate with 5 oblong lobes, these somewhat 

spreading; stamens in two pairs, one pair longer, both well 

exserted from tube subequal with corolla lobes, anthers with 

thecae divergent to reflexed; style much longer, stigma of 2 flat 

lobes, spreading; capsule smooth, linear, 7-15 cm long, -6 mm 

wide, beaked; seeds flattened, depressed orbicular with a very 

thin transparent wing on each side 2-3 times as long as width 

of seed. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Cult. Souder in litt., 1967; 

said by him to have been imported by the U.S. Navy in 1960. 

We have seen no specimens. 

SYNONYMS AND MISAPPLIED NAMES OF BICNONIACEAE 

Arrabidaea magnifca (W. Bull) Sprague ex v. Steenis; see 

Bignonia aequinoctialis L.; see Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) 

Bignonia alliacea Lamarck; see Mansoa hymenaea (de 

Bignonia aurea Manso; see Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Bentham 

Bignonia callistigioides Chamisso; see Clytostoma callistigioiBignonia capensis Thunberg; see Tecomeria capensis (ThunBignonia ignea Vellozo; see Pyrostegia ignea (Vellozo) K.B. 

Bignonia magnifica W. Bull; see Saritaea magnifica (W. Bull) 

Bignonia spathacea L. f.; see Dolichandrone spathacea (L. f.) 

Bignonia stuns L.; see Tecoma stuns (L.) Jussieu ex Kunth 

Crescentia pinnata Jacquin; see Kigelia africana (Lamarck) 

Jacranda flicifolia D. Don; see Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. 

Pseudocalymma Sampaio & Kuhlmann; see Mansoa de 

Pseudocalymma alliacea sensu auct.; see Mansoa hymenaea 

Saritaea magnifca (W. Bull) Dugand 

Miers 

Candolle) Gentry 

& Hooker ex Moore 

des (Chamisso) Bureau ex Grisebach 

berg) Spach 

Presl 

Dugand 

K. Schumann 

Bentham 

Don 

Candolle 

(de Condolle) Gentry 
NUMBER 81 15 

Raputia heterophylla de Candolle; see Tabebuia heterophylla 

(de Candolle) Britton 

Tabebuia argentea (Bureau & K. Schumann) Britton; see 

Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Bentham & Hooker ex S. Moore 

Tabebuia caraiba (Martius) Bureau; see Tabebuia aurea 

(Manso) Bentham & Hooker ex S. Moore 

Tabebuia pallida sensu auct. non (Lindley) Miers; see 

Tabebuia heterophylla (de Candolle) Britton 

Tabebuia penraphylla sensu auct. non Hemsley; see Tabebuia 

hererophylla (de Candolle) Britton 

Tecoma capensis (Thunberg) Lindley; see Tecomeria capensis 

(Thunberg) Spach 

tham and Hooker ex Moore 

Candolle 

Tecoma caraiba Martius; see Tahebuia 

Tecoma rosea Bertoloni; see Tabebuia 

PEDALIACEAE 

aurea (Manso) Benrosea (Bertoloni) de 

Herbs or rarely shrubby; leaves simple, opposite or alternate, 

stipules none, calyx of 5 or rarely 4 basally connate sepals; 

corolla gamopetalous, tube short, throat broadly tubular or 

somewhat campanulate, limb somewhat bilabiate with 5 short 

usually unequal lobes; stamens 4 (rarely 2) in pairs, inserted on 

corolla tube, anthers introrsely longitudinally dehiscent; pistil 

1, style slender, stigmas 2, ovary usually superior, 2 or 4 celled, 

ovules 1-many, on axile placentae, these not fleshy or enlarged; 

fruit a loculicidal capsule or a nut; seed small, usually with thin 

endosperm. 

A small Old World family; one species of Sesamum widely 

distributed as an economic plant, including Micronesia. 

Sesamum L. 

Sesarnurn L., Sp. PI., 634, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 282, 1754 [= 17531. 

Herbs with lower leaves opposite, entire to lobed or parted, 

upper alternate or subopposite; flowers solitary or fasciculate, 

axillary; calyx 5-parted; corolla tubular-campanulate, bilabiate; 

stamens 4, included; fruit a capsule, seeds numerous. 

A small African and Asiatic genus; one species widely 

cultivated, occasional in Micronesia. 

Sesamum orientale L. 

Sesarnurn orienfale L.. Sp. PI., 634, 1753.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

209:372-373, 1905.-Merrill, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9:141, 1914.4e la 

Corte, Guam Record., 3:187, 1926.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 411, 

1935.-Stone, Micronesica 6527, 1971.-Seegeler, Taxon, 38:656-659, 

1989. 

Sesarnurn indicurn L., Sp. PI., 634, 1753.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:253, 1979. 

Erect softly pubescent herbs, stem 4-sided with rounded 

angles, each side sulcate; leaves broadly triangular-ovate, with 

dentate margins or lobed, below, gradually narrower upward on 

stem to lanceolate, acutish, almost glabrous or with a few 

scattered hairs above, puberulent beneath, petiolate; flowers 

subsessile, (fruit becoming shortly pedicellate); calyx lobes 

lanceolate, ciliate, persistent; corolla 2 cm or more long, 

campanulate, lower lip longest, white to pink or mauve, notably 

pubescent without, glabrous within, tending to be deflexed; 

filaments glabrous; ovary pubescent, style glabrous; capsule 

erect, oblong, 2-3 cm long, square in cross section, sides 

longitudinally sulcate, apex abruptly narrowed to a strong beak, 

the whole softly pubescent, dehiscence loculicidal from apex; 

seeds lenticular-obovate. 

Occasionally planted or persisting from planting around 

gardens. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

ahonholi (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

mazer or mather (Yap: Fosberg 25548) 

we1 (Yap: Fosberg 25548) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Memll, 1914:141. 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Mt. Matade, 160 m, persisting 

from cultivation, Fosberg 25548 (US). 

GESNERIACEAE 

Herbs, shrubs, rarely small trees or lianas, stems tending to 

be soft or sub-fleshy; leaves opposite, one sometimes reduced 

or absent, rarely an acaulescent rosette, simple; inflorescences 

terminal or axillary or even from roots, flowers in cymes, 

pseudo-racemes, glomerate or solitary, almost always bisexual; 

calyx divided, parted or united; corolla gamopetalous, usually 

zygomorphic, Slobed, tending to be bilabiate, lower lip 

sometimes larger and elaborated; stamens 2 or 4, rarely 5, or 

with a staminode, anthers often connivent or even connate; disk 

present, pistil 1, ovary superior or partly or rarely wholly 

inferior, one-celled with parietal placentation or rarely falsely 

2-celled, ovules many; fruit a capsule or berry; seeds many. 

A large tropical family with many genera, one of them, 

Cyrtandra with many Pacific and a few Micronesian species. 

Several genera common in cultivation as ornamentals. 

Key to Micronesian Genera of Gesneriaceae 

1. 

1. Herbs or subshrubs, fruit capsular, cultivated species . . 2 

Fleshy rosette plants, corollas appearing rotate, stamens 

Caulescent, stamens 4, corolla tubular ........ 3 

Stoloniferous herbs, fruit a fleshy bivalved capsule 

Subshrubs, fruit an elongate linear capsule ...... 

Shrubs, fruit baccate, native species ...... Cyrtandra 

2. .................... Saintpaulia 

....................... Episcia 

.................. Aeschynanthus 

2. 

2. 

3. 

3. 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Aeschynanthus Jack 

Aeschynanrhus Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 14:42, 1823 [nom. cons.]. 

Trichosporum D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ., 7:84, 1822. 

Subshrubs, branches slender; leaves opposite or whorled; 

inflorescence cymose, or of 1-2 flowers, terminal or axillary; 

calyx 5-lobed; corolla tubular-funnelform, curved 5-lobed; 

stamens 4, exserted, pistil exserted; fruit a linear cylindric 

2-valved loculicidal capsule; seeds numerous, with appendages 

or 1 or more hairs at ends. 

An Asiatic genus, one species of which has been cultivated 

in Micronesia. 

Aeschynanthus radicans Jack 

Aeschynanthus radicans Jack, Trans. Linn. SOC., 14:43, 1823. 

Puberulent to glabrous subshrub; leaves opposite, ovate to 

obovate, 4-5 x 2.5 cm, entire or slightly dentate; flowers 2 at a 

node in upper axils, pedicellate; calyx tubular, flaring, lobes 

short, rounded, dark colored, pubescent; corolla bright red, 

ampliate upward, 5 cm long, pubescent; capsule very much 

elongate. 

Native of Malaya and Java, sparingly cultivated on Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Agana, Fosberg 58346 (US). 

Cyrtandra J.R. & G. Forster 

Cyrrandra J.R. & G. Forster, Charact. Gen., 5, 1775. 

Profocyrfandra Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 24202, 1934. 

Shrubs, herbs, rarely small trees or vine-like, tending to be 

sub-fleshy and hairy; leaves basically opposite, less often 

whorled or pseudo-alternate, simple, petiolate or rarely sessile; 

stipules none; inflorescences cymose, open or congested, 

axillary or cauliflorous, or even rhiziflorous, bracteate; flowers 

usually bisexual with calyx basically 5 parted, but variously 

modified, even spathiform, variously caducous or persistent; 

corolla tubular, variously bilabiate, rarely actinomorphic, lobes 

imbricate or rarely valvate, thinly fleshy in texture, usually 

white, some species variously colored; stamens ordinarily 2, 

very rarely 4, or even 5 (-7), anthers usually coherent, less 

often free, attached in corolla throat; ovary with a nectariferous 

disk, style 1, stigma bifid; placentation parietal but placentae 

sometimes so intruded as to make them axile and the ovary then 

2- celled; seeds many, small, embedded in the placenta. 

A large Indo-Pacific genus, said to include over 600 species, 

four of them endemic in the Caroline Islands. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Cyrtandra 

1. Cymes sessile or very short-pedunculate, congested in 

axils, corolla actinomorphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

2. Plant vine-like, climbing, stamens 2, corolla lobes imbricate, calyx persistent . . . Cyrtandra palawensis 

2. Plant an erect shrub, stamens 4 or more, corolla lobes 

valvate, calyx deciduous . . . Cyrtandra todaiensis 

1. Cymes pedunculate, open, pedicels not obscured by bracts 

and calyces, corolla bilabiate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

3. Pubescence 1 mm or more long, calyx 2-2.5 cm long, 

corolla 3 cm, fruit 2-2.5 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyrtandra kusaimontana 

3. Pubescence 0.6 mm or less, calyx 1-1.4 cm, corolla 

1.5-2 cm, fruit 1.5 cm . . . . . Cyrtandra urvillei 

Cyrtandra kusaimontana Hosokawa 

Cyrrandra kusaimontana Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 24:203, 

1934.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 411, 1935 [as C. kusaiana].--Gillett, 

Journ. Arn. Arb., 54:108-109, 1973.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:253, 1979. 

Notably brown-woolly shrub to at least 1 m tall, young stems 

fleshy; leaves very large, to 40-53 cm x 14-23 cm, broadly 

elliptic to broadly ovate, 7-10 main veins on a side, lower 

surface woolly, upper surface sparsely hairy, margins shallowly, coarsely dentate to serrate, apices obtuse but slightly 

acuminate, bases equally or unequally obtuse and slightly 

decurrent on the long (up to 14 cm), petioles; cymes axillary, 

2-6 (-8) flowers, dense at first, becoming open in fruit, 

densely brown woolly, on woolly peduncles 1-3 cm long; 

pedicels 7-20 mm long; calyx densely pubescent, without and 

within, cylindric, 2-2.5 cm long, at first united about half-way, 

lobes lanceolate or linear lanceolate, acuminate with filiform 

tips, tardily separating almost to base, tardily deciduous; 

corolla to 3 cm long, curved, upper part somewhat campanulate 

glabrous except outside of throat and basal part of lobes 

pilosulous, upper lip bilobate, lower more shallowly trilobate; 

stamens 2, glabrous, staminodia 3, style sparsely pilose, 

somewhat hooked at tip; fruit fleshy, glabrous, ovoid 2-2.5 cm 

long, resting in the shallow disk, beak 2.5 mm long; seed coat 

coarsely reticulate. 

Endemic in Kusaie, on high mountains in wet scrub and 

scrubby forest. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Kusaie: N ridge of Mt. Matanta 

(Buache), above Tafonshak village, Fosberg 26601 (US, BISH, 

POM, E, L); summit ridge Mt. Matanta (Buache), 590-600 m, 

Fosberg 26610 (US, HAW, POM, MO); Townes 4 (US); Mt. 

Buache, Hosokawa 628th (FU); Matante, Kanehira 4233 (FU). 

Cyrtandra palawensis Schlechter 

Cyrrandra palawensis Schlechter in Engler, Bot. Jahrb., 56577, 1921.- 

Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:492,1932; FI. Micr., 348,1933; Enum. Micr. 

PI., 41 1, 1935.--Gillett, Journ. Am. Arb., 54:lM-107, 1973.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:253, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 39, 1980. 
NUMBER 81 17 

Climbing shrub, scrambling in trees to 5-6 m, densely to 

moderately brown-pubescent, hairs to 1.5 mm long; leaves 

elliptic to oblong, to 24 x 9 cm, subentire, pilose on veins 

beneath and petioles, glabrous above, apices shortly but 

abruptly acuminate, bases contracted to obtuse or acute, 9-14 

veins on a side, petioles 3.5-8 cm; cymes with very short 

(about 2 mm) axillary peduncles, congested, densely pubescent, 3-10 flowers on pedicels 2-5 mm long; calyx 8-12 mm 

long, cylindric, with 5 narrowly triangular acute or acuminate 

lobes, reflexed or not, permanently investing corolla and fruit, 

not circumscissile at base, pilose to subglabrous; corolla white, 

14-15 mm long, distal 6 mm campanulate, glabrous to thinly 

pilose above without, glabrous within, cleft 2-4 mm into 5 

equal imbricate rounded short lobes, the exserted portion 

tending to curve downward; stamens 2, staminodes 3; disk 

cupular, entire, ovary and style glabrous; fruit to 15 mm long, 

ovoid, tapered at apex into a beak 3-4 mm long; seeds 0.5 mm 

long, surface longitudinally striate. 

Endemic to the volcanic soils of Babeldaob, Palau. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-melkii (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPEClMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldoab: Aimiriik, Kanehira 1963 (FU, P, US), 2350 (FU), 274 (FU, 2 sheets); SW of 

Mt. Yekigaroto, 130 m, Fosberg 47684 (US); Ngetbelebel, 

Imeliik, Hardy 83 (US, BISH); Aimiliki, Hosokawa 7251 (US); 

“Garmiscan Island,” Hosokawa 9139 (A); “Ainniliki Island,” 

Hosokawa 7251 (A); Kanehira & Okamoto 2 (FU); Imeliik, 

Hardy (& Otobed) 83 (US, BISH). 

Cyrtandra todaiensis Kanehira 

Cyrfandru foduiensis Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 349, f.181, 1933 [nomen nudum?]; 

Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 47:679, 1933.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:253, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 39, 1980. 

P rotocyrtandra fodaiensis (Kanehira) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 24:202, 1934; Hosokawa in Yamamoto et al., Study of Fl. Form. 

and Mat. for Micr., 36, 1936.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 412, 1935.- 

Bum, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb., 3O:l-10, 1970.--Gillett, Joum. Am. Arb., 

51:241-246, 1970; 54:107, 1973. 

Thick-stemmed shrub to 2-3 m tall, young stems fistulose, 

squarish, tawny tomentose or lanate, glabrate when older, to 3 

cm thick when mature; leaves large, subentire, to 40 x 20 cm, 

petioles and veins beneath puberulent to tomentose to lanate, 

glabrate, petioles to 14 cm long, 7 mm thick, connate at bases; 

cymes sessile, congested, the 15-20 pedicels, 5-15 mm long, 

flowers bisexual, bracts lanceolate, 2 x 0.5 cm, deciduous; 

calyx to 12 mm long, irregularly cut about half-way into 

triangular acuminate lobes, densely pilose externally, glabrous 

within, only slightly accrescent, falling from maturing fruit; 

corolla white, about 15 mm long, funnelform, densely pilose 

without, throat pilose within, lobes 5, thick, ovate-triangular 

glabrous within, equal, about l/4 the length of the corolla; 

stamens 3-7, anthers separate, all fertile; ovary glabrous, 

falsely 2-celled; fruit fleshy, white, broadly ovoid, 15 x 10 mm, 

fleshy style-base persisting as a beak; seeds many, brown, 

broadly fusiform, foveolate. 

Endemic to the limestone islands of Palau in wet forest, 

growing in crevices with very little soil. 

The actinomorphic corolla and 4-7 free stamens led 

Hosokawa to propose the genus Protocyrtandra for this 

species, but because these characters appear separately in other 

unrelated species, this genus, though discussed, has not usually 

been accepted (Gillett, 1970). Although this species shares the 

unusual actinomorphic corolla with C. palawensis, the two do 

not seem closely related. The latter species has the usual 

androecium of 2 stamens with coherent anthers, plus 3 

staminodes. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-melkii ra chelebacheb (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Todai-yama, 200 m, 

Kanehira 1854 (type, FU, 2 sheets, US, P); Kanehira & 

Hatusima 4663 (FU, US); Ngarmid, 30 m, Fosberg 47482 (US, 

BISH, POM, MO, E, L); Toirechuil, limestone island on S side 

of causeway between Koror and Malakal, 2 m, Canfield 295 

(US); Toirechuil Island, Emmons 74 (US, HAW); Ulong, 

Toirechuil, 10 m, Hardy & Otobed in 1960 (US); Ulong, 

central part of island, 2 m, Canfield 482 (US). Aulupse’el: 

Ngarmalk, western part of island, 1-5 m, Fosberg 31946 (US, 

BISH, POM, MO, E, L). Urukthapel: Hosokawa 7514 (A). 

Cyrtundra urvillei C.B. Clarke 

Cyrtandru urvillei C.B. Clarke in de Candolle, Monogr. Phan., 3:251-252, 

1883.-Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:492, 1932; Fl. Micr., 351, 1933; 

Enum. Micr. PI., 412, 1935.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:31, 101, 

1952.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:253, 1979. 

Cyrfandru pompensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 6492, 1932; Fl. Micr., 

348, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 411-412, 1935. 

Shrub or small tree, to 5 m tall, younger stems fistulose, 

young parts, petioles and inflorescences closely brown tomentose or slightly lanate, not pilose or heavily woolly; leaves 

opposite, blades ovate to elliptic, tending to be large, to 40 x 17 

cm, obtusish to acute or slightly acuminate, 5-9 main veins on 

a side, lower surface densely puberulent or shortly softpubescent especially on veins, when young slightly woolly, 

upper surface essentially glabrous, margins subentire to very 

shallowly and bluntly serrate, petioles thick, 2- 10 cm long; 

peduncles axillary, 1-2.5 cm long, bracteate, branched at 

summit into 2 or more short thick branches bearing slender 

pedicels to 10 mm long, flowers 10 to 15 with calyx to 14 mm 

long, cleft almost to base into narrowly lanceolate lobes, 

appressed pilose externally, glabrous or almost glabrous 

within, deciduous; corolla to 2 cm long, white, glabrous or 

almost so externally, within slightly glandular puberulent in 

throat, tube somewhat campanulate in upper part, limb deeply 

lobed, lobes unequal, rounded at apex; stamens 2, anthers 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

coherent, staminodes 3, 0.5-1 mm long; ovary and style 

glabrous; fruit ovoid, to 1.5 cm long, beaked, its base 

surrounded by the prominent cup-shaped disk; seeds ovoidfusiform, longitudinally striate. 

Found only in wet montane forests of Ponape and Kusaie, in 

the eastern Carolines. 

Qpe of C. urvillei was collected on Kusaie by Dumont 

d’urville, but we did not locate it in the de Candolle herbarium 

in Geneva in 1954; it is probably in Paris. 

Kanehira cited his 831, 1606, 1642, and 1550, from Ponape, 

which would be syntypes of C. ponupensis. No lectotype has 

been chosen, We have seen 3 of these at FU. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-Eetin-wohl (Ponape: Glassman, 

1952). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POnape: Clarke, 1883, 25 1-252; 

Metaranium-Naanaraut-zan, Kunehiru 4155 (FLJ); Naanaraut, 

600 m, Hutusima 11044 (FU); above 600 m, Kunehiru 1606 

(FU, US, syntypes of C. ponupensis); above 500 m, Kunehiru 

1642 (FU); Mt. Niinani, 2300 ft [700 m], Kunehiru 831 (FU, 

syntype of C. ponupensis); Mt. Tortom, above 600 m, 

Kanehiru 1550 (FU, syntype of C. ponupensis); between 

Kolonia and Palkier Colony, in primary forest, 20 m, Hutusimu 

10799 (FU); summit of Mt. Nanalaut, 2300 ft [701 m], Srone 

2020 (GUAM); Nunioanii, Hosokuwu 5670 (US, A), 56876 

(A), 8228 (A). 

Kusaie: Matante, Kunehiru 4232 (FLJ); Mt. Hinkolu, 600 m, 

Kanehiru 1381, 1357 (FU, US, P); Hinkolu, Kunehiru 4195 

(FU); Mt. Maarem, 200 m, Hutusimu 11146 (FU); N ridge of 

Mt. Matanta, above Tafonshak village, N side of island, 

Fosberg 26602 (US, BISH, POM, E); Utuwa-kyahon, Hosokuwa 9374 (A); Mt. Buache, Hosokuwu 6287 (A); Mt. 

Seletereh, 1900 ft [579 m], Glassman 2749 (US). 

Episciu Martius 

Episcia Martius, Nov. Gen., 3:39, 1829. 

Herb, stoloniferous, creeping, hairy, rooting at nodes; leaves 

opposite, subequal, ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, shortly 

petiolate; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate, or in short, 

few-flowered cymes; zygomorphic, showy; sepals 5, free or 

shortly connate, pilose, lower lobe surrounding corolla spur; 

corolla salverform or campanulate, tube spurred, horizontal in 

calyx, variously colored, lobes spreading, minutely toothed or 

fimbriate at tips; stamens 4, didynamous, included; ovary 

superior, style included; fruit a bivalved fleshy capsule; seeds 

ellipsoid. 

A small tropical American genus with several species 

cultivated as ornamentals and foliage plants, two in Micronesia. 

Key to Species of Episcia Cultivated in Micronesia 

Calyx lobes lanceolate, somewhat pointed, corolla tube 1.5-2 

cm, somewhat curved, ampliate upward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Episciu cupreaha 

Calyx lobes oblong, somewhat rounded at apex, corolla tube 

2.5-3 cm long, cylindric, straight . . . . . Episciu reptans 

Episcia cupreata (Hooker) Hanstein 

Episcia cupreata (Hooker) Hanstein, Linnaea, 34340-341, 1865.-Souder, In 

Guam Gardens, 46, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:253, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular Pi. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Achimenes cupreata Hooker, Curtis Bot. Mag., 73: t.4312, 1847. 

Leaves elliptic, appressed- to erect-hairy, coppery to clear 

green or variegated with silver, short petiolate, margins crenate; 

flowers in short cymes, 3-4 on pedicels to 4 cm, sepals linear 

or lanceolate, more or less pointed; corolla reddish or yellowish 

red, or yellow, tube 1.5-2 cm, somewhat ampliate upward, 

more or less curved, upper 2 lobes reflexed, lower 3 longer, 

spreading. 

Native of northern South America; cultivated, usually as a 

pot plant, at least in Guam and Palau. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.^^^^: Souder in letter, 1967; SouCAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Koror: Otobed 52 (US, BISH). 

der, In Guam Gardens, 46, 1974. 

Episcia reptuns Martius 

Episcia reptans Martius, Nov. Gen. et sp., 3:39, t. 217, 1829.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:254, 1979. 

Leaves broadly elliptic, erect-hairy, dark green, pale green or 

silvery along midrib and veins; flowers in short to rather long 

cymes, 3-4 on pedicels 2.5 cm or shorter; sepals oblong, 

rounded at tips, tending to be recurved at apex; corolla tube 

straight, cylindric usually 2.5-3 cm long, reddish, lobes bright 

red inside. 

Native from Colombia to Brazil, In Micronesia cultivated at 

least on Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Tamuning, 15 m, cult., 

Fosberg 35362 (US). 

Saintpaulia Wendland 

Saintpaulia Wendland, Gartenflora, 42:321, 1893. 

Subfleshy, acaulescent to caulescent herbs; leaves opposite 

to alternate, elliptic to orbicular, hairy, on fleshy petioles; 

flowers 1-several or more, on axillary peduncle; calyx 

5-parted; corolla with very short tube, rotate saucer-shaped 

limb, this bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed; stamens 

2, anthers yellow, coherent, opening by slits; ovary superior; 
NUMBER 81 19 

fruit a capsule. 

An East African genus of which most species are in 

cultivation, and the subject of a fancy or hobby, with many 

cultivars. 

Saintpauliu ionantha Wendland 

Saintpaulia ionantha Wendland, Gartenflora, 42:321, 1893.-Souder, In Guam 

Gardens, 49, 1974. 

An acaulescent rosette-plant; leaves ovate to usually orbicular, base cordate or subcordate; flowers 8-10 on a peduncle, 

this erect to spreading, usually exceeding leaves; corolla 2 cm 

or more across, blue to violet, or variously white, pink, or 

variegated in cultivars; capsule cylindric. 

Commonly cultivated as a pot-plant with many cultivars, 

color forms, double-flowered forms, etc. No Micronesian 

specimens seen, but a common house-plant. 

LENTIBULARIACEAE 

Herbs, sometimes rootless; leaves alternate, often only basal, 

simple but if aquatic, often finely divided, usually at least some 

bearing a mechanism of some sort for catching and digesting 

insects; stipules none; flowers bisexual, variously arranged, 

bracteate, usually bracteolate, zygomorphic, often strongly so; 

calyx 2-5 lobed, sepals united at least in lower part; corolla 

gamopetalous, bilabiate, the 5 lobes imbricate, lower lobe 

saccate or spurred; stamens 2, arising from base of corolla, 

staminodia 2 or none, anthers 1-celled; pistil 1, style commonly 

reduced and 2-lobed, or stigma sessile on the superior ovary, 

this 1-celled, placentation free-central, placenta often fleshy, 

ovules many, rarely only 2; fruit a capsule dehiscing variously; 

seed usually minute, without endosperm. 

An almost cosmopolitan family of a few genera and many 

species, mostly of wet, often acid habitats, or aquatic. One 

genus, Utricularia, in Micronesia. 

utricularia L. 

Utricularia L., Sp. PI., 18, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 11, 1754 [= 1753].Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:528, 1971 .-Taylor, Fl. Males., I, 8:276-300, 1977 

Aquatic and terrestrial herbs, stems weak and flexible or 

filiform, rarely creeping or stiffly erect, (said to be modified 

into organs functioning as rhizoides, stolons and foliar organs, 

but for our purposes these will be termed roots, stolons and 

leaves); roots (or root-like organs) if present flaccid, branched, 

bearing bladders (traps), fasciculate; “leaves” or “foliar organs” 

alternate, simple to variously lobed, branched or compound, 

bladder-like animal-traps born on different parts of plant, with 

opening and trigger mechanism; inflorescence a usually erect 

scapose raceme, bracteate and occasionally bracteolate; flowers 

with calyx 2-lobed, lobes free or connate at base, usually 

accrescent, equal or dissimilar; corolla gamopetalous, bilabiate, 

lips entire or variously lobed, lower lip spurred or gibbous; 

stamens 2, inserted at base of upper lip, filaments usually short, 

often curved, or flattened and dilated, anthers dorsifixed; ovary 

globose or ovoid, ovules 2-many, on a free central placenta; 

style usually short, stigma unequally bifid; capsule globose or 

ovoid, dehiscing variously; seeds usually small, surface 

variously marked or sculptured. 

A large cosmopolitan genus of 180 or more species, aquatic 

or terrestrial on moist, often sandy or acid soil. At least four 

species in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Utricularia 

1. Free-floating aquatics, stolens elongate, sparsely branched, 

foliar organs capillary, branched ...... U. exoletu 

1. Terrestrial or rooted aquatics, foliar organs with simple 

blades, stolons usually short, simple or branched. . 2 

2. Mature foliar organs spatulate or narrowly obovate to 

linear, uninervate, sessile or subsessile, scales and 

bracts peltately or medialy attached . . U. caemlea 

2. Mature foliar organs linear or elliptic, petiolate, traps 

often attached on petioles or at base of blades, scales 

and bracts basally attached. ............ 3 

Foliar organs with branched venation when mature, 

pedicels short, 1.5-2 mm at flowering, not curved 

downward in fruit .......... U. uliginosa 

Foliar organs uninervate even when mature, pedicals 

over 3 mm long, recurving in fruit. .. U. bi@k 

3. 

3. 

Utricularia bifrda L. 

Utricularia bifida L., Sp. PI., 18, 1753.-Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot., 

9:141, 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 412, 1935.--Hosokawa, Trans. 

Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:247, 1935.--Stone, Micronesica, 6528, 

1971.-Taylor, Fl. Males., 8:28-1282. 1977.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:254, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Ulricularia sp. Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:474-475, 1901 .-Stemmennann, 

Wetland PI., 88-89.1981. 

Terrestrial, stolons few, branched, roots (rhizoids) capillary; 

foliar organs conspicuous (frequently not collected), on 

stolons, linear, 10-20 x 1 mm, 1-nerved, apex rounded; traps 

globose, 1 mm or less long; scapes erect, filiform, to 22 cm tall, 

including loose racemes 4-10 cm, scales 2-4 (-6), ovate, 

blunt to bluntly acuminate, bracts ovate, blunt to acuminate or 

aristate, bracteoles narrower, pedicels 1-10, 2-5 mm long, 

erect or ascending, elongating somewhat and becoming 

deflexed in fruit; flowers yellow, calyx lobes broadly ovate 

obtuse to acutish or even acuminate, accrescent, connate at 

base; corolla 6-10 mm long, upper lip narrowly oblong, tip 

rounded, lower lip orbicular, palate raised, spur exceeding 

lower lip, curved, subulate, strongly divergent from lower lip; 

ovary ovoid, style distinct but short; capsule membranous, 

dorsiventrally compressed, dehiscing by a single ventral 

longitudinal slit; seeds minute, curved, coarsely elongate 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

reticulate. 

Widespread; south and east Asia, Malesia to Palau, Yap, 

Marianas and Australia; in moist soil or shallow standing water. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.aUam: Memll, 1914, 141; Manengon, near “Tarzan Falls” of upper Ylig River, Stone 3821 

(GUAM); between Ylig and Sigua Valley, 300-400 ft [91-122 

m], Steere 62 (US); 2 mi [3 km] E Mt. Tenjo, 900 ft [274 m], 

Moore 31 7 (US); Manengon Conservation area, S escarpment 

of Ylig River Valley, Fosberg 50553 (US); Manengon, 75-150 

m, Evans 1563 (US); s. l., G.E.S. 244 (US); McGregor 380 

(US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Nekken, Fosberg 

50606~ (US); Cheatham 120 (US); Ngardmau Munic., 0.3 mi 

[OS km] S of Ngardmau; 5 m, Canfield 387; E side of Ngardok 

Lake, 25 m, Canfield & Bright 283 (US); Ngetpang, Otobed 

P-10144 (US). Koror: l/2 mi [0.8 km] from Sansaro on 

Babeldaob Road, Salsedo 8 (US). 

Yap: Volkens, 1901:31; near Fanaalily, on airport road, 

Fosberg 60084 (US, BISH); airport, Stemmermann 3138 

(BISH), 3139 (BISH). 

Utriculariu caerulea L. 

Ulricularia caerulea L.. Sp. PI., 18, 1753.-Taylor, Fl. Males., 8:287-289, 

1977.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Utriculariu nivea Vahl, Enurn., 1:203, 1804.-Merrill, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 

9:141, 1914.-Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:246, 1935.- 

Stone, Micronesica, 6:528, 1971 .-Sternmermann, Wetland Pl., 88-89, 

1981. 

Urricularia racernosa Wallich, Cat., 1496, 1828.6e Candolle, Prodr., 8:21, 

1844.-Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25(142):246, 1935.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:254, 1979. 

Stolons few, sparsely branched, “roots” (rhizoids) capillary, 

simple; foiiar organs basal, spatulate to narrowly obovate, 

sessile to sub-petiolate, to 7 x 1.5 mm, apex rounded, single 

nerve; traps ovoid, dimorphic, glandular, up to 1.5 mm long, 

beaked; scape slender to filiform, to 30 cm tall, occasionally 

branched, scales similar to bracts, elliptic, attached in middle, 

up to about 10 in number; racemes to 6 cm long, 1-6 (to 20 

elsewhere) flowered, pedicels very short, bracts similar to 

scales, very acute at both ends, bracteoles similar, lower limb 

very short; calyx lobes unequal, upper broadly ovate, cucullate, 

lower smaller very broad, rounded, both glandular; corolla 

white to pink, purplish or bluish, 4-10 mm long, upper lip 

ovate- oblong, truncatish, exceeding upper calyx-lobe, lower 

lip with elevated palate, reflexed limb orbicular, retuse, spur 

narrowly conical, straight to curved, parallel with lip; ovary 

ovoid, style usually distinct; capsule firm, globose, 2 mm long, 

opaque, dehiscing by a ventral longitudinal slit; seed broadly 

ellipsoidal, minute, papillate and obscurely reticulate. 

Widespread in south and east Asia and Australia on wet 

volcanic soil or shallow standing water. 

The Micronesian plants, so far as known, are white-flowered, 

or white marked with purple, the flowers glandular papillate. 

This species has usually been known as U. nivea Vahl. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Merrill, 1914:141; s. l., 

McGregor 382 (US); Manengon, volcanic hills under Dimeria, 

Stone 4533 (GUAM); between Ylig and Sigua Valleys, 

300-400 ft [91-122 m] Stem 61 (US); Manengon Conservation Area, S escarpment of Ylig River Valley, Fosberg 50554 

(US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Ibobang, 10 m, 

Raulerson 6049 (US); Ngetpang, Otobed P-10150 (US); 

Ngatpang Munic., l/2 mi [0.8 km] NE of Nekkeng forestry 

station, 5 m, Canfield338 (US); Ngatpang Bay, road to forestry 

station, Nekken, Stemmermann 3275A (BISH). 

Utriculariu exoletu R. Brown 

Utricularia exolera R. Brown, Prodr., 430, 1810.-Taylor, FI. Males., I, 

8:294-295, 1977.-Stemmermann, Wetland Pl., 88, 1981. 

Aquatic, stolons filiform, elongate very sparsely branched, 

“roots” (rhizoids) capillary, tangled; foliar organs capillary, 

sparsely but many times branched, elongate, exceedingly fine, 

not sharply distinct from branching stolons; traps ovoid, on 

very short slender stalks, with an apical collar and 2 very finely 

branched appendages protruding; scapes filifom, to 15 cm 

long, scales 1-2, suborbicular; racemes 2 or 3 (or more?) 

flowered, pedicels filiform, 2- 12 mm long, bracts basifixed 

very small, sub-orbicular to broadly oblong, truncate clasping 

pedicel base; calyx lobes subequal, suborbicular to broadly 

obovate, apices rounded, accrescent; corolla yellow, 4-8 mm 

long, upper lip orbicular or broadly ovate, erect, twice as long 

as upper calyx lobe, lower with very prominent hemispherical 

palate, reflexed ovate limb, spur shortly conic, parallel with 

corolla lobe, externally very sparsely glandulw, ovary globose, 

style very short; capsule globose, firm, splitting laterally 

lengthwise; seed lenticular, peltate, broadly winged. 

Very widely distributed in Old World Tropics, Africa to 

Australia, known from lakes and reservoirs on Babeldaob, 

Palau, but very seldom collected. Material available very 

inadequate 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Airai Reservoir, 50 

m, Vann A-07 (US); reservoir near Airai Airport, Stemmermann 

2236 (BISH). 

Utricularia uliginosa Vahl 

Utricularia uliginosa VahI, Enurn., 1:203. 1804.-Taylor, Fl. Malas., 

8:282-283, 1977.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:254, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 40,1980.-Fosberg and Canfield, 

Micronesica, 16:198, 1980. 
NUMBER 81 21 

Aquatic (species said to be terrestrial), stolons elongate, 

much branched, papillate (rhizoids said to be branched and 

papillate, but not seen); foliar organs broadly lanceolate or 

narrowly elliptic, rounded at apex, “petiolate,” blade with 

branching nerves when mature; traps stalked, borne on stolons 

and bases of foliar organs, opening near base, with 2 subulate 

appendages; scape erect, to 30 cm, filiform, scales few, broadly 

ovate, flowers 2-10, pedicels short, 1.5-2 mm, elongating in 

fruit to 3 mm, bracts broadly ovate, trinerved, acuminate, 

bracteoles subulate, half as long as bracts; calyx lobes 

subequal, broadly ovate to almost orbicular, 1 1-nerved, surface 

papillose, margin minutely denticulate, 2.5 mm long in flower, 

accrescent to 5 mm in fruit, corolla blue or purple to white, 3-7 

mm long, upper lip orbicular, scarcely exceeding calyx, lower 

lip orbicular, entire to obscurely 3 lobed, palate raised, spur 

conic-subulate, widely divergent from limb; filaments curved; 

ovary ovoid, style short but distinct; capsule membranous, 

broadly ellipsoid, dehiscing by dorsal and ventral longitudinal 

slits; seeds minute, globose or subglobose, conspicuosly 

reticulate. 

Widely distributed, India to Japan, Malesia and Australia; if 

this material is correctly identified (by Peter Taylor), to Palau 

also. 

The specimens are sterile and rooted aquatic. Description of 

inflorescence, flowers, capsule and seeds are from Taylor’s 

description and drawings in Flora Malesiana. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Airai waterfalls, 

1.5 mi [2.4 km] due N of airfield, 5 m, Canfeld 262 (US); 

1.5 mi [2.4 km] N of airfield on Ngerkil River, 5 m, Canfeld & 

Bright 599 (US). 

ACANTHACEAE 

Shrubs, vines and herbs, rarely small trees, sometimes spiny, 

in herbaceous species stems often geniculate, nodes often 

prominent; leaves simple, opposite, decussate, rarely whorled; 

stipules none (if present called “interpetiolar bracts”); inflorescence cymose, paniculate or racemose, or flowers solitary, 

axillary or verticillate; flowers commonly bracteate (bracts 

often showy), bracteolate, bracteoles above bracts on axes, 

rarely showy (in Thunbergia), bisexual, subregular to usually 

strongly zygomorphic, 4-5 merous; calyx deeply 4-5 lobed or 

parted, usually appearing polysepalous, rarely reduced; corolla 

gamopetalous, 4-5 lobed, usually bilabiate; stamens 4, or 2, 

rarely 5, inserted on corolla tube, frequently paired, (in some 

genera one pair reduced to staminodes or lacking, anthers 2-( 1-) 

celled; nectariferous disk present; pistil 1, style 1 with 2 

stigmas in some genera, or stigma bilobed, or one lobe 

vestigial, ovary superior, 2-loculed, ovules 2 or more in each 

locule; fruit usually a capsule, rarely a drupe, 2-celled, usually 

loculicidal, often pseudostipitate, often flattened parallel to 

septum, usually elastically dehiscent, usually equipped with 

strong hook-like “retinacula” or indurated funicles; seeds 2 or 

few, often disk-like. 

A large principally tropical family with many widely planted 

ornamental species. Several genera with a few native species, 

as well as many introduced ornamentals occur in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Genera of Acanthaceae 

1. Flowers in conspicuously bracteate inflorescences or enclosed between 2 large, 

showy bracts. .................................. 2 

2. Bracteoles enlarged and showy, enclosing flowers, bracts strongly reduced or 

suppressed, vines or shrubs, capsule globose or nearly so strongly beaked 

2. Bracteoles inconspicuous, bracts large, foliaceous, often showy, often imbricate 

......................................... 3 

3. Flowers axillary, each between 2 foliaceous bracts about 1 cm long, plant an 

herb, not vine-like .......................... Ruellia 

3. Flowers in conspicuously bracteate spike-like or raceme-like thyrsoid 

inflorescences or in axils of foliage leaves ................. 4 

Herbs, at most slightly suffrutescent .................... 5 

5. Flowers in axils of leaves, leaves of sterile shoots often much divided 

5. Flowers in racemes, thyrses, or pseudo-spikes ............. 6 

6. Fertile stamens 2. ......................... .7 

7. Depressed herbs, leaves with conspicuous white, red or purple veins 

............................... Filtonia 

7. Erect or ascending herbs, leaf veins not conspicuously different in 

color from blade ...................... Justicia 

.................................... Thunbergia 

4. 

................................ Hygrophila 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6. Fertile stamens 4. .......................... 8 

8. Bracts broadly ovate, corolla not or scarcely exserted ........ .............................. Blechum 

8. Bracts lanceolate to narrowly obovate or spatulate, corolla wellexserted ....................... Hemigraphis 

4. Shrubs, definitely woody. ......................... 9 

9. Plants spiny if spines weakly devoloped, alternate sepals bract-like, 

enlarged, ornate, conspicuously reticulate-veined, margins spinuloseciliate .............................. Barleriu 

9. Plantsnotspiny. ............................ 10 

10. Corolla 6-7 cm long, stamens long- exserted, bracts green, about 1 cm 

long ........................... Aphelandra 

10. Corolla much shorter ........................ 11 

11. Bracts green-veined on a white background, glabrous, corolla blue, 

11. Bracts green, glandular-pubescent, corolla orange, stamens and style 

included ........................ Crossandra 

Flowers in leaf axils or in inflorescences with reduced linear or scale-like bracts . . .......................................... 12 

Herbs, at most slightly suffrutescent ...................... 13 

13. Flowers small, about 1 cm long, in many-flowered cymose panicles 

13. 

stamens and style exserted ............. Eranthemum 

1. 

12. 

.................................. Andographis 

Flowers larger, not in many-flowered panicles ............... 14 

Inflorescence cymose (or racemose ?) .................. 15 

strongly stipitate, 4-seeded .................. Asystasia 

14. 

14. 

Inflorescence a raceme-like thyrse, corolla red, tube narrow . Odontonema 

Aestivation of corolla-lobes in bud imbricate but not contorted, capsule 

Aestivation contorted, capsule usually not stipitate, usually more than 

4-seeded ............................. Ruellia 

12. Shrubs.. ................................... 16 

Leaves usually spinose-tipped, often with coarse triangular spine-tipped lobes, 

corolla with upper lip suppressed, lower broad, 3-lobed, capsule not stipitate, 

4-seeded .............................. Acanthus 

16. Not with above combination of characters ................. 17 

17. Corolla strongly bilabiate, leaves purplish with a pale central area 

17. 

15. 

15. 

16. 

............................... Graptophyllum 

Corolla weakly or not bilabiate ...................... 18 

18. 

18. 

Corolla red, lobes much shorter than tube, calyx divided about half-way 

to base ........................... Odontonema 

Corolla purplish spotted, lavender, or white, rather than red, lobes nearly 

as long as tube, at least not much shorter, calyx divided nearly to base 

............................ Pseuderanthemum 

Acanthus L. An Old-world tropical and subtropical genus, with one 

Micronesian species. Acanrhus L., Sp. PI., 639, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 286, 1754 [1753]. 

Shrubs, sometimes somewhat scandent, rarely coarse Acanthus ilicifolius L. 

acaulescent herbs; leaves usually coriaceous, usually lobed, to 

pinnatifid, or entire, apex and lobes may be spine-tipped, or 

not; flowers in spikes, bracteate, these bracts may be 

deciduous; calyx-lobes 4, unequal; corolla with short tube, 

A, ilicifolius L., sp. 634, 1753. 

Acanthus ilicifolius L. var. ebracteatus (Vahl) 

F.M. Williams 

firm, glossy, seeds 2-4, retinacula strong. 1935. 
NUMBER 81 23 

Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl, Symb. Bot., 2:75, t. 50, 1791.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. Pl., 412, 1935.-Okabe, Nankyo, 2:21, 1943.Stemmermann. Inv. 

Wetlands Veg. Caroline Is., 2:191-192, fig. 33, 1978.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:254, 1979.-Fosberg, et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 

40, 1980.Stemmermann. Wetlands PI., 75, 1981. 

Glabrous shrub or suffrutescent herb to 2 m tall, branched; 

leaves elliptic and entire or oblong and coarsely lobed with 

broad triangular spiny lobes, apex acute spine-tipped, narrowed 

at base to short petiole, both types of leaves, and occasional 

intermediates somewhat lobed near base, may be found on 

same plant; spikes terminal on branches, ebracteate, 6-15 

(-20) cm long, shortly pedunculate, flowers many, buds 

crowded distally, lower flowers more separated, a few flowers 

open at once, corolla lip white, brownish toward base; capsule 

oblong-ovoid, rounded at apex, up to 2 x 1 cm, seed flat, 

prominently scabrous. 

In Micronesia found only in Palau, common locally at edge 

of mangrove along estuarine channels. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-kollil (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: s. l., Ledermann 

14346 (K, B); s. l., Richardson 86 (US); Melekiok, Salsedo 125 

(US); Aimeliik, Hosokawa 7196 (A, BISH); Imeliik, Imul, 

Hardy 77 (US, BISH, POM); Marikyoku, Kanehira 2037 (FU); 

Garamiscan, Kanehira 553 (FU); Aimiriik, Kanehira and 

Hatusima 4504 (FU); Garamiscan Colony, Garamiscan River, 

partially submerged at high tide, Fosberg 25748 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); Ngerdmau, Bowden-Kerby 604 (US); W coast 

Itau, first estuary S of Me’ebe’ubul, in mangrove flat, 1 m, 

Fosberg 32405 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). Koror: Kanehira 

187 (FU). 

Andrographis Wallich ex Nees 

Andrographis Wallich ex Nees in Wallich, PI. As. Rar., 3:77, 116, 1832. 

Herb, variously branched, erect or prostrate, stems sharply 

4-angled, tissues containing cystoliths; leaves with entire 

margins, sessile or shortly petiolate; inflorescence an often 

secund axillary cyme, these sometimes branched, may be 

mainly in upper axils, or may form a terminal panicle with or 

without cymes in upper leaf axils, or may even be reduced to 

solitary pedicellate axillary flowers; flowers usually (or 

always?) pedicellate, calyx lobes 5; corolla distinctly bilabiate, 

imbricate in aestivation, not contorted, fertile stamens 2, 

anthers basally connate, cells at equal levels, without appendages; ovary cells with 4 or more ovules, style curved at apex; 

fruit erect, lanceolate, compressed contrary to septum, not 

stipitate, with distinct retinacula; seed glabrous, 3-7 per valve. 

A small tropical Asiatic genus with one or two species 

widely introduced in warm countries, one in Micronesia. 

Andrographis paniculata (Burmann f.) Wallich ex Nees 

Andrographis paniculafa (Burmann f.) Wallich ex Nees in Wallich, P1. As. 

Rar., 3:116, 1832.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:254, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Justiciapaniculata Burmann f., Fl. Ind., 9, 1768. 

Erect herbs, subglabrous except glandular pubescent distally 

in inflorescence, stem angles sharp, stems swollen at and just 

above nodes; leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2.5-10 

(-12) x 1-2 (-3) cm, apex acute to somewhat bluntly 

acuminate, base gradually narrowed to a slight petiole; cymes 

elongate, ascending gently curved or straight, sparsely flowered, racemiform, secund, open paniculate above, pedicels 3-7 

mm long, puberulent to glandular villous distally; calyx 3 (-4) 

mm long, glandular, villous, lobes stiffly lanceolate, very 

sharply acute or acuminate; corolla white, yellowish distally, 

tube straight, to 6 mm long, limb strongly bilabiate, upper lip 

oblong, of 2 connate lobes, lower cuneate, 3-lobed, purplish 

marked; style hirsute; capsule 15-17 mm long, thinly 

glandular villous, valves slightly curved after dehiscence. 

A weedy plant, collected once in Palau. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Hosokawa 9829 (A, 

US). 

Aphehndra R. Brown 

Aphelandra R. Brown, Prodr., 475, 1810.-Wasshausen, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

18~7, 1975:7-8. 

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs, cystoliths none, stems usually 

erect, terete or quadrangular, leaves usually opposite, usually 

large, petiolate, margins entire to variously toothed or even 

spinulose; inflorescence a terminal bracteate spike, flowers 

subtended by bracts and usually bracteoles; calyx divided 

nearly to base into 5 subequal segments; corolla with erect or 

oblique tube, limb usually bilabiate, upper lip erect, entire or 

bilobed, lower lip 3-lobed, reflexed-spreading, middle lobe 

often longer; stamens 4, “filaments epipetalous,” flat, anthers 

l-celled, staminode rarely present; ovary cylindric, 2 ovules in 

each locule, style filiform, stigma funnel-like; capsule ovoid or 

cylindric, usually shortly stipitate, 4-seeded, valves recurved 

after dehiscence; retinacula cucullate at tip; seed somewhat 

flattened, almost orbicular, sculptured. (Description condensed 

from Wasshausen, 1975.) 

A large tropical American genus with one species cultivated 

in Micronesia. 

Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees 

Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees in de Candolle, Prodr., 11:295, 1847.- 

Stone, Micronesica 6:532-533, 1971 .-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 57, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:255, 1979. 

Justicia rerragona VaN, Symb. Bot., 3:5, 1794. 

Shrub to 3 m tall, stems subglabrous, thick, somewhat 

quadrangular above, internodes quite varied in length, leaves 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

opposite, large, blades up to 29 x 19 cm, subglabrous, broadly 

ovate or elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, main veins 9-12 on a 

side, alternately disposed, petiole up to 17 cm; spikes 1-5, 

terminal, to about 10 cm long, 1 cm thick, quadrangular, rachis 

densely white-woolly, bracts somewhat imbricate, stiff, appressed, narrowly ovate, about 1 cm long, apex acute, 

bracteoles lanceolate, acute, carinate, keel white villous; calyx 

about 11-12 mm long, unequal in width, acute; corolla pink to 

deep red, 6-7 cm long, somewhat falcate, gradually ampliate 

upward from 2 to 8 mm, limb about 2 cm long, upper lip erect, 

bifid, lower lip erect to spreading or recurved, 3-lobed, middle 

lobe greatly exceeding lateral ones; stamens strongly exerted, 

anthers 6 mm long; capsule not seen. 

Native of Venezuela, rather widely cultivated as an 

ornamental. 

In Micronesia known only from Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Mangilao, cult. around dwellings, 65 m, Fosberg 35611 (US). 

Asystasia Blume 

Asystasia Blume, Bijdr., 796, 1825 [1826]. 

Perennial herbs, procumbent or decumbent, branches ascending, rarely tending to climb, supported by other vegetation, 

sometimes somewhat woody below, usually pubescent; leaves 

opposite, ovate; flowers in usually secund racemes or racemoid 

cymes; bracts small, triangular to lanceolate or linear, 

bracteoles very small; calyx-lobes 5, narrow, subequal; corolla 

with a rather short tube, throat somewhat flattened funnelformcampanulate or subcylindric, palate usually notably reticulate, 

limb almost regular to usually somewhat bilabiate, imbricate in 

bud; stamens in 2 pairs or one pair and a pair of staminodia, 

anthers 2-celled; ovary with 2 ovules per cell, style filiform 

with a small subcapitate or slightly bilobed stigma; capsule 

with contracted or stipitate base, retinacula 4, subulate; seed 2 

in a cell, flattened, ovate to orbicular, sculptured, glabrous. 

A genus of quite a few species, not well understood, native 

of the Old World tropics, one species cultivated and widely 

naturalized in warm regions, including Micronesia, where there 

is also one native species. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Asystasia 

Calyx glabrous, corolla funnelform, narrow, 2-2.5 cm long, 

capsule 1.5-2 cm long. . . . . . . . . . , . . . A. blumei 

Calyx thinly pilose, corolla campanulate, flaring, 3-4 cm long, 

capsule 3 cm long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. gangetica 

Asystasia blumei Nees 

Asystasia blurnei Nees in de Candolle, Prodr., 11: 167, 1847.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. PI., 435, 1935.-Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:247, 

1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:255, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Sprawling herb, slightly woody near the base, to 1 m or more 

long, branching abundantly above, with prominent nodes, 

somewhat sericeous in lines on internodes; leaves thin, ovate,to 

9 x 3.5 cm, usually much smaller, acuminate, margins undulate, 

petioles slender, much shorter than blades, 1-4 cm long, 

dot-like white cystoliths abundant; racemes not conspicuously 

secund, becoming about 5 cm long, slightly puberulent, 

pedicels about 1-2 mm long, bracts and bracteoles minute, to 

about 1 mm, acuminate; calyx-lobes lanceolate, glabrous, about 

3 mm long; corolla lavender, 2-2.5 cm long, funnelform, 

subglabrous, throat narrow, not sharply differentiated from 

tube, lobes about 3 mm long, obtuse to rounded, subequal; 

capsule 1.5-2 cm long, stipe half of this, fertile part somewhat 

2-lobed; seed blackish, with a very short stipe-like part, distal 

margin somewhat scalloped, sides prominently papillate. 

Found in Malaya and Java, and in Micronesia only in Palau, 

where it is fairly common, with tendency to become weedy in 

both open and shaded places. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-meringel (Palau: Fosberg 32609, 

possibly misapplied). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: s. l., Nisida 42 (FU); Richardson 103 (US). Kayangel: Ngajangel I., Gressitr 26 (US). 

Babeldaob: Akoru-Kaigan (near Akor), Hosokawa 7092 

(BISH); E coast, hill between Melekiok and Lake Ngardok, 2 

m, Fosberg 32609 (US, BISH); Melekiok, Salsedo 124 (US). 

Koror: Cheatham 60 (US). Peleliu: Hosokawa 9204 (US, 

BISH, A); Hatusima 4795 (FU). Angaur: Kanehira 589 (FU); 

NW coast, edge of secondary woods on ridge top, 30 m, 

Fosberg 25926 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); W coast, S of 

phosphate works, 3 m, Fosberg 31964 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); along rd. NE of Lake A, 13 m, Canfield 238 (US); 

Garangoai Cove, 2 m, Canfield 702 (US). 

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson 

Asystnsio gangetica (L.) T. Anderson in Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl., 235, 

1859-64 [1860].-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 412,1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:255, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 

40, 1980. 

Justicia gangetica L., Amoen. Acad., 4299, 1759; Sp. PI., ed. 2:24, 1762. 

Asystasia corornandeliana Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar., 3:89, 1832.-Souder, In 

Guam Gardens, 46, 1974. 

Decumbent herb, tending to be bushy sometimes slightly 

woody below, stems geniculate below, branches ascending or 

erect, irregularly appressed puberulent, especially at or near 

nodes, stems somewhat angular or striate; leaves thin, ovate to 

almost orbicular, apex acuminate, base obtuse to subcordate, 

margins entire, few pairs of veins; stipules none; racemes 

terminal, strongly one-sided or secund (cymose?), becoming 

elongate, pedicels slightly curved, distally very short, 1-3 mm, 
NUMBER 81 25 

bracts and bracteoles triangular acuminate, 1-2 mm long; 

calyx-lobes lanceolate-acuminate, 5-7 mm long, hairy; corolla 

3-4 cm long, purple to yellow or white, tube 0.5-1 cm long, 

tending to be slightly curved, throat narrowly campanulate, 

slightly compressed dorsiventrally, lobes suborbicular, slightly 

flaring, obtuse to rounded, throat and lobes very thinly 

puberulent outside; capsule about 3 cm long, basal stipe-like 

part 1.5 cm, distal, fertile part irregularly ellipsoidal or ovoid, 

acuminate; seed irregularly disk-shaped, pale, margin irregularly scalloped, sides rugose. 

Native of southern Asia. 

Occasionally planted, not seen naturalized in Micronesia, but 

becoming established and common elsewhere. An attractive 

ornamental. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Japanese Peace Memorial, 

Tinian: San Jose village, planted, Fosberg 59919 (US), 

Rota: Songsong Village, 5-10 m, planted, Evans 2289 (US), 

Guam: Yigo, Souder letter, 1967; Souder, 1974:46. 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Fosberg, growing in pot, 

NAURU ISLAND.-Anibare district, N of Menen Hotel, sea 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Betio, Adair 60 (US). 

Herbst & Falanruw 6920 (US). 

59920 (US). 

1999 (US, BISH, POM, B). 

1956, 1958. 

level, Scully 127N (US). 

Asystasia sp. 

Herb to 0.4 m tall, stems and leaf-veins prominently strigose, 

several stems from base, branched above; leaves ovate or 

rhombic, up to 5 x 2 cm, thin, apex prominently acuminate, 

base strongly contracted to slender densely strigose petiole 

about 5-12 mm long; flowers in a secund raceme up to 13 cm 

long, rarely branching near base, rather loosely flowered, rachis 

thinly strigose puberulent, pedicels about 2 mm long, subtended by a triangular acuminate bract about 2 mm long and 2 

similar but smaller bracteoles, another bract opposite the 

subtending one, flower-opposed; calyx about 6 mm long, 

divided almost to base into 5 linear-lanceolate somewhat 

acuminate or attenuate-aristate lobes, these minutely puberulent; corolla dull dark purple within, pale mauve without, 3.5 

cm long, tube slender, 1 cm, throat campanulate, 15-18 mm 

long, slightly compressed dorsiventrally, lobes ovate erect to 

somewhat spreading, the whole minutely and sparsely puberulent without with glandular hairs; stamens 4, attached at top 

of tube, filaments slender l/3 to l/2 the length of the tube, 

anthers 1.5 mm long, apiculate; ovary fusiform 2.5-3 mm long, 

glabrous except at summit, style filiform, about 2 cm long, 

hispidulous in lower half, stigma minute, subcapitate, bilobed, 

glabrous; fruit not seen. 

An ornamental of unknown origin, planted in garden in 

Nauru. We have not been able to identify this species. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

NAURU ISLAND.-Denigomodu, Fosberg 58702 (US). 

Barleria L. 

Barlerio L., Sp. Pl., 636, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 283, 1754 117531. 

Shrubs, often spiny; leaves entire, with short linear cystoliths; flowers sessile or subsessile, axillary and bracteolate 

and/or in bracteate terminal spikes, these sometimes secund; 

calyx deeply 4-parted, segments subequal or usually unequal, 

two broad, two small; corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, lobes 

5, usually spreading; stamens in two pairs borne on base of 

corolla tube; fruit a 2 or 4-seeded capsule; seed flat, hairy. 

A large pan-tropical genus, a few cultivated, 2 known from 

Micronesia, but not native. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Barleria 

Stems unarmed, calyx lobes strongly unequal, outer ones 

hyaline prominently reticulate-veined, strongly ciliate; 

seeds 2 in a locule . . , . . . . . , . , . . . . . B. cnstata 

Stems with clusters of spines in axils, calyx lobes sub-equal, 

green, neither reticulate veined nor ciliate; seeds 1 in a 

locule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. prionilis 

Barleria cristuta L. 

Barleria cristafa L., Sp. Pl., 636, 1753.-Memll. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot, 

9:141, 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 413, 1935.--0kabe, Journ. Jap. 

For. SOC., 23:270, 1941.-Glassrnan, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:102. 1952.- 

Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:34, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, 

6533, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:255, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 

1980. 

Shrubs, unarmed, stems square, antrorsely hirsute or 

hirtellous; leaves decussate, ovate-elliptic to elliptic, to 10 x 3 

cm, apex acute, base acute to slightly decurrent on very short 

petiole, petiole and veins antrorse-hirsute below, midrib very 

slightly so above; flowers axillary, subsessile, subtended and 

enclosed between two linear-lanceolate, sparsely hispid ciliate 

bracteoles; calyx of 2 broad ovate, hyaline, reticulate-veined, 

conspicuously ciliate and two much shorter lanceolate, eciliate 

sepals, corolla purple or white, zygomorphic, trumpet-shaped, 

7 cm long, tube about 2.5 cm, throat 2-4 cm, flaring, lobes 

about 2.5 x 2 cm, obovate-orbicular; stamens 4, attached near 

top of tube, two 2.5 cm long, filaments straight, anthers 2 mm 

long, sagittate, other pair 6-7 mm long, slightly curved, anthers 

reniform-sagittate about 0.5 mm; pistil 5 cm long, ovary ovoid, 

2-3 mm long, style filiform, subequal with corolla-tube and 

throat, stigma about 1 mm long, cylindric, slightly bilobed; 

fruit not setting, at least in cultivated material available. Fruit of 

wild specimen from Burma (White 289, US), narrowly oblong, 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

slightly compressed parallel to septum, tapering base and apex 

compressed contrary to this, not stipitate, valves straight, 16 

mm long, retinacula 4, curved shortly subulate from a broad 

base; seed flat, thin, about 4-5 mm across, irregularly broadly 

cuneate-orbicular, sides curiously tightly sinuate- fibrousappressed-hairy in about 10 bands, dull brownish gray. 

Native from India to China; widely cultivated in several 

color-forms throughout the tropics. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Kanehira 1079. (FU); near 

Kagman Field, 60 m, Fosberg 31921 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L). 

Tinian: Okatani 51 (FU). 

Rota: Sonson (Rota) and vicinity, persisting from cultivation, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24963 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Guam: Memll, 1914:141; s. 1. Nelson 74 (BISH); G.E.S 268 

(BISH, US); “cult and escaped,” Stone 4982 (US, GUAM); 1 l/z 

mi [2.4 km], NE of Agana, Glassman 123 (US, POM); Mt. 

Santa Rosa, 240 m, Evans 1752 (US); Mangilao, Univ. 

Campus, Fosberg 60152 (US, BISH, POM). 

CAROLlNE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Maryknoll Convent, 

Emmons 42 (US); Ngerebe’ed, 10 m, Fosberg 32310 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Murilo: Ruo I., Evans 1144 (US). 

Truk: Moen: Moen Village, cult., Fosberg 60209 (US, 

Namoluk: Namoluk I., 1.8 m, Marshall 57 (US). 

Ponape: Mipit, Takamatsu 890 (BISH); Ponsakir village, 

Salomon and George 5 (US); Kolonia, cult., Kanehira 1579 

(W. 

BISH), 60210 (US, BISH). 

long, funnelform, lobes ovate, obtuse to acutish; longer pair of 

stamens subequal to somewhat exserted from corolla, anthers 

oblong or elliptic, about 3 mm long; style capillary, about 3 cm 

long, stigma about 1 mm or less long, slightly thickened, 

obscurely bifid, one lobe much shorter; capsule about 1.5 cm 

long, ovate acuminate, apical part hard, woody, solid, locules 2, 

retinacula 2, subulate, curved, seeds 2, flat, ovate, about 1 x 0.5 

cm, apex obtuse, base rounded, sides fibrous-appressed-hairy, 

hairs not at all sinuate. (Capsule and seeds described from 

Proctor 17288 from Grenada Island.) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

NAURU ISLAND.-Aiwo, persisting, perhaps naturalized 

ornamental in brushy roadside, 10 m, Fosberg 58772 (US). 

Blechum P. Browne 

Blechum P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 261, 1756. 

Herbs; leaves opposite; stipules none; flowers in bracteate 

spikes or subracemose, bracts imbricate; calyx deeply 5-parted, 

segments lanceolate to linear-subulate; corolla funnelform, 

tube slender, limb 5-lobed, lobes subequal, contorted in bud; 

stamens in two pairs, included, inserted at middle of tube, 

anthers 2-celled; style filiform, stigma subulate, with a small 

posterior lobe, ovules few per locule; capsule short-stipitate, 

septum breaking away, retinacula acute; seeds orbicular, 

compressed, hairy, mucilaginous when wet. 

A small tropical American genus with one species widely 

naturalized in the Old World, including Micronesia. Similar to 

and probably related to Ruellia. 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein; seen by Fosberg, growing in pot, 1956. 

194 1 :270). 

Blechum brownei Jussieu 

Jaluit: Fosberg and Sachet, 1962~34 (citing Okabe, BIechm brownei jussieu, M~~. par., 9:270, 1807. 

NAURU ISLANDS.-Buada Lagoon, Fosberg 58797 (US). Forma brownei not known from Micronesia. 

Barleriu prionitis L. Blechum brownei f. puberulum Leonard 

Barleria prionitis L., Sp. PI., 636, 1753. Blechum brownei f. puberulum Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 32:184, 

1942.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962.StOne. 

Micronesica, 6533, 1971.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. 

Bot., 22:40, 1975.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:255, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular Pl..Palau, 40, 1980. 

BIechum brownei sn~u Volkens, Bat, Jhb., 31:475, 19Ol.--MehlI, Phillip. 

Jam, Sci., 9:141-142, 1914,4lassman, Bish. Mus, Bull., 209:102, 

Shrubs about 1 m tall, much branched, nearly glabrous, with 

a much reduced branchlet bearing 2-4 (or more) stiff sharp 

divergent spines in each leaf at nodes* the 

branches su~rimposed Over these, the ’pines ‘wing Oe5 

to 1.5 cm in length; leaves ovate to elliptic, up to 10 x 4 cm, 1952.-Stemmerrnan, Inv. Wetlands Veg. Caroline Is., 2:193, 1978 [non 

with 4-6 veins on a side, margins slightly hirsute-ciliate, apex Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Par., 9:270, 18171. 

acute to slightly acuminate, base tapering gradually into a Blechum Pyramihtum (Mack) Urban, Fedde Rep., 15:3231 1918.- 

petiole about 1-1.5 cm long, flowers ax.llary in few- Kanehira, Enurn. Micr. PI., 413, 1935.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. soc. 

Jap., 7:200, 1937.--0kabe, Journ. Jap. For. Sci., 23:279, 1941; Nankyo, flowered decussate terminal spikes, subtending leaves gradu- 2:46, 1943. 

ally reduced to elliptic mucronulate bracts, bracteoles narrowly 

lanceolate, spinescent-subulate; calyx lobes ovate, not reticu- Decumbent herb, rooting at nodes, stems ascending to 0.6 m, 

late, subequal in length or slightly unequal, about 1 cm long, puberulent, hairs appressed or curved often in lines on 

inner pair somewhat narrower, corolla light orange, 3-3.5 cm internodes; leaves ovate to rarely lanceolate or elliptic, to 10 x 
NUMBER 81 27 

5 cm, usually acuminate, tip often rounded or blunt, base acute 

to attenuate, veins somewhat pilosulous, blades appearing so 

because of abundant linear white raphid bundles or cystoliths, 

petiole slender l-several cm long, often with decurrent blade; 

spikes terminal on erect branches, to 15 or more cm long, 

usually 5-10 cm, appearing square because of rows of 

decussate imbricate bracts, these leaf-like, broadly ovate, 1-2 

x 1-1.5 cm, apex slightly acuminate, base rounded shortly 

petiolate to subsessile, notably ciliate (in Micronesian specimens); calyx lobes lanceolate with subulate apex, hairy; corolla 

not or scarcely exserted from bracts, falling very readily, 

scarcely seen on herbarium specimens, white to lavender, 

almost regular, apices rounded; capsule pale straw-color, thin, 

ovoid, acuminate, 6-7 mm long, puberulent; seeds several in a 

cell, flat, black, with very narrow pale margins. 

A common plant of semi-shady weedy places, found on most 

islands of Micronesia excepting dry ones. All Micronesian 

specimens seem to belong to B. brownei f. puberulum Leonard, 

characterized by strongly ciliate bracts. 

Considered by Memll (1914:142) to have come from 

Mexico to the Philippines and back to Guam on the Manila 

galleons. 

USES.-Various parts are used as medicine against framboesia (yaws). Stems and leaves of “malai” are squeesed and sap 

applied to affected part, wrapped with leaf of “magarwelk” 

(Morinda citrifolia) and then heated (Yap: Okabe, 1943). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

yetbas babney (Alamagan: Falanruw 1887) 

lasaga (Saipan: Hosaka 3007) 

yetbas babui (Saipan: Lunge 44; Guam: ‘Whiting n7; Guam: 

Falanruw and Payne, 1976) 

zetbas babui (Guam: Evans 1504) 

gacel (Yap: Wong 467) 

malai (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

melai (Yap: Volkens, 1901) 

ligakoka (Faraulap: Fosberg & Evans 47326) 

atait (Satawal: Fosberg & Evans 46921) 

aurowra (Nomwin: Evans 1059) 

ererion (Truk: Fosberg 24679) 

fetinin namocels (Truk: Wong 241) 

namochuk (Lukunor: Anderson 2098) 

merangarang (Satawan: Anderson 1094) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Asuncion: Lower southwest slope, 

Agrigan: Village, Fosberg 31423 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Alamagan: Partido Village, Fosberg 31672 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); coast, 350 ft [ 110 m], Falanruw 1887 (US). 

Guguan: SW part of I., 175 ft [55 m], Falanruw 1845 (US); 

westem slope, 175 m, Falanruw 3122 (US). 

Sarigan: NW coast above anchorage 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 

1771 (US); coconut grove near village, 10-100 m, Evans 2342 

150 ft [45 m] Falanruw 2268 (US), 2258 (US). 

(US, UH, POM, K). 

Anatahan: NW comer of I., 200-300 ft [60-90 m], 

Falanruw 1616 (US); W coast below 200 m, Falanruw 1702 

(US). 

Saipan: s. l., Kanehira 939 (FU); Kanehira and Hatusima 

4289 (FU); Lunge 44 (BISH); Fanuchuluyan Bay, Fosberg 

m), Hosaku 3007 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Tinian: s. l., Hosokawa 7743 (US); Okatani 70 (FU); 

“Yellow Beach” E of Mt. Lasso, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24915 (US, 

BISH); terrace on SE coast, N of Carolinas Lalo Pt., 60-80 m, 

Fosberg 24832 (US, BISH, POM). 

Rota: Songsong Village and vicinity, 5-10 m, Evans 2029 

(US). 

Guam: Merrill, 1914, 141-142; s. l., G.E.S. 242 (BISH); 

McGregor 356 (BISH); summit of Mt. Lamlam, Anderson 133 

(US, BISH, POM, NY); Ritidian Pt., 1.5 km inland, Necker 156 

(US); Agana Bay area, Moore 1 (US); Banigada-Harmon Road 

near NCS towers, Stone 3980 (Guam); Ritidian pt., Bryan in 

1936 (BISH); Laguina, Kondo in 1952 (BISH); Mangilao, 

along Tenerio road below University of Guam campus, 75 ft 

[25 m], Falanruw, George, and Salomon 879 (US); Inarajan, 

home of Rose Martinez, 100 m, Evans 1504 (US, BISH, POM); 

Lujuna, just off rt. 15,lO-50 m, Evans 1596 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Chalan Pago, Whiting XY (US); Pago valley, near bank of 

Pago River, -1 mi [1.6 km] inland, Falanruw 1420 (GUAM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Melekiok, Salsedo 

128 (US). Koror: Kanehira 213 (FU, BISH). Angaur: W of 

Lake D, 0.3 mi [500 m], NE of village, 2 m, Canfield 152 (US); 

NW comer of I., 25 m, Fosberg 25906 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L). 

31339 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L): Charan-TarhOhO, 200 ft (60 

Sonsorol: Village area, Salsedo 399 (US). 

Yap: s. l., Wong 467 (US, BISH); near agriculture station, 

Blackburn 258 (US); Malay village, S Yap, Cushing 528 (US); 

Colonia, Fosberg 59974 (US). 

Ulithi: Mogmog I., around dwellings in village, 1-2 m, 

Fosberg and Evans 46377 (POM); Mogmog, Fosberg and 

Wong 25515 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Falalap I., in taro pit, 

Fosberg 46640 (POM). 

Fais: In coconut plantation on plateau, 15 m, Fosberg 46684 

(POM). 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., seaward end of islet, 2 m, Fosberg and 

Evans 47326 (US). 

Satawal: Interior of island, 2 m, Fosberg and Evans 46921 

(US). 

Namonuito: Onari I., 5 m, Evans 988 (US); Ono I., village 

and vicinity, 0-3 m, Evans 1010 (US). 

Murilo: Murilo I., 3-5 m, Evans 1245 (US). 

Nomwin: Nomwin I., village and vicinity, 0-3 m, Evans 

1059 (US). 

Truk: Wong 241 (US, BISH) 125 ft [40 m]. Moen: Uoala, 

Moore 126 (US); Leue Village, Anderson 749 (US, BISH, 

POM). Dublon (Natsushima): Takamatsu 281 (BISH). Udot: 

Manowe, coastal flat, Fosberg 60234 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

L). Pis: Common in undergrowth, 1-2 m, Fosberg 24679 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L), 3 m, Evans 821 (US). 

Nama: 3-5 m, Evans 1311 (US); Anderson 905 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L). 

Lukunor: Oneop I., Anderson 2098 (US, BISH, POM, NY); 

Lukunor I., Anderson 2147 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Satawan: Satawan I., Anderson 1094 (US, BISH, POM). 

Kapingamarangi: Niering 668 (US). 

Ponape: s. l., Lederman 13969 (B), vicinity of Kolonia, sea 

level, Saputik Islet, Glassman 2779 (US, BISH); Kolonia, 

Kanehira 864 (FU, BISH); Anapeng-pa, Takamatsu 763 

(BISH); mission Oa, Hallier 5 x 03 (HBG, US); Ronkiti, SW 

comer of I., Fosberg 26398 (US, BISH, POM). 

Kusaie: Sea level, Glassman 2669 (US, BISH). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Jaluit: Jaluit I., Jabor, Fosberg 

39472 (US). 

Crossandra Salisbury 

Crossandra Salisbury, Parad. Lond., t. 12, 1806 

Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or whorled, entire or 

toothed; flowers in dense terminal or axillary spikes with 

imbricate bracts, showy; calyx lobes 5, unequal; corolla with 

slender tube, limb abruptly expanded and 5-lobed, often 

somewhat reflexed; stamens 4, attached in 2 pairs in upper part 

of tube; ovary with 2 ovules in each cell; style bifid; capsule 

somewhat 4-angled, seeds 2 or 4, flat, scaly. 

A small mostly African genus with several ornamental 

species; one has been planted in Guam. 

Crossandra infundibulifonnis (L.) R. Brown 

Crossandra infindibuliformis (L.) R. Brown, Prodr., 477, 18lO.-Nees in 

Wallich. PI. As. Rar., 3:98, 1832.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 46, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:256, 1979. 

Justicia infindibuliformis L., Syst., ed. 10, 59, 1759. 

Small shrub, to 1 m, glabrous or minutely puberulent above; 

leaves thin to 15 x 6 cm, opposite or usually 3-4 in a whorl or 

pseudo-whorl, acute to slightly acuminate at apex, narrowed to 

base and slightly decurrent on the petiole, subentire or entire, 

glabrous or very slightly pubescent, veins somewhat conspicuous beneath, petiole 1-4 cm long; spikes in upper axils, shortly 

or long-pedunculate, to 5-6 x 1-1.5 cm, outer bracts closely 

imbricate to subspreading in age, 1.5 cm long, ovate-elliptic, 

densely long-villous on margins, veins visible without, 

conspicuous within, apex subulate-mucronate, bracteoles stiff, 

linear, sepals thin, papery, ovate, about 1 cm long, acuminate; 

corolla tube about 15-25 mm long, slender, curved, limb 

quickly dilated, to 3 cm across, orange, lobes oblong, rounded 

or emarginate at apex, very thin; stamens and stigma included, 

stigma entire or slightly bifid; fruit lanceolate in outline, 

4-sided, apex acute, septum thick, 2 curved retinacula and 1-2 

seed in a cell, suborbicular, curved with imbricate sub-lancinate 

scales. 

Uncommon on Guam and Tinian. 

Said to be native of India, widely planted in tropical gardens. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Mayo Nursery, cult., Stone 

Tinian: San Jose village, Fosberg 59927 (US). 

s.n. (GUAM). 

Eranthemum L. 

-Eranthemum L., Sp. Pl., 9, 1753; Gen. Pl., ed. 5.9, 1754 [1753].-Bremekamp, 

Ned. Akad. Wet. Verh., II,45:33-35, 1948. 

Shrubs or suffruticose herbs; leaves simple, petiolate, 

opposite; flowers in conspicuously bracteate spikes, terminal or 

rarely in upper ails, bracts longer than calyx, strongly nerved, 

bracteoles shorter than calyx; calyx equally (or unequally) 

5-lobed, lobes separate from part way down to almost 

completely; corolla hypocrateriform, blue to rose, tube slender, 

quite long, sometimes dilated at throat so as to be somewhat 

funnelform, lobes 5, subequal, broad, patent; fertile stamens 2, 

inserted slightly below mouth of tube, anthers oblong, 

staminodia 2, filiform or clavate; ovary seated on a small disk, 

each locule with 2 ovules, style glabrous or hirtellous, stigma 

with one lobe much shorter; capsule beaked, stipitate, with 2 

seeds in a locule, on strong retinacula, seeds covered by 

mucilaginous hairs (description adapted from Bremekamp’s). 

A small genus found from India and Ceylon eastward to 

China and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Many species have been 

described but most of them belong to Pseuderanthemum. 

Eranthemum pulchellum is widely planted as an ornamental. 

Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews 

Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews, Bot. Rep., 2: t. 88, 18OO.-Fosberg and 

Sachet, Taxon, 2:135-136, 1953 [for nomenclatural history].-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:256, 1979. 

Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R. Brown ex Roemer and Schultes, Syst., 1:174, 

1817.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 58, 1974. 

Shrub or herb to 2.5 m tall, somewhat roughish pubescent to 

glabrous or almost so, stems tending to be square, somewhat 

geniculate and nodose; leaves ovate, somewhat acuminate, 

base decurrent on upper part of petiole, 10-12 or more cm 

long, strongly nerved, tertiary veins forming a ladder-like 

pattern between the secondary ones, petioles up to 3 cm or 

more long; spikes terminal, in upper axils, and on small axillary 

branches, tending to form conspicuous panicles, bracts ovate to 

obovate, strongly imbricate, conspicuously green on a white 

background, with abundant whitish short linear cystoliths; 

bracteoles and calyx small, white, calyx lobes apparently 

unequal; corolla salverform, bright blue (to violet), tube 

slender, about 2 cm long, limb abruptly spreading; anthers 

about 3 mm long, curved, exserted; style filiform, glabrous, 
NUMBER 81 29 

longer lobe of stigma linear-lanceolate, sparsely pilosulous, 

exserted; capsule prominently sulcate, broadly stipitate, 1- 1.5 

cm long, more or less subequal with subtending bract, beak 

very short and broad. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-Blue eranthemum. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Guam: Souder in letter, 1967, Souder, 1974. No Micronesian specimens seen. 

Fittonia E. Coemans 

Fittonia E. Coemans, Fl. des Serres, 15:185 (1433). 1862-1865. 

Herbs, prostrate or erect and shrub-like, usually with 

somewhat or strongly veined leaves, marked by short linear 

cystoliths; flowers in terminal, pedunculate, bracteate spikes; 

bracts herbaceous, imbricate, ciliate; calyx deeply divided into 

5 subulate lobes; corolla yellow, tubular, throat narrowly 

funnelform, limb strongly bilabiate; stamens 2, attached near 

middle of tube, anthers without appendages; disk bowl-shaped, 

ovary with 2 ovules in a locule, stigma shortly 2-lobed; capsule 

ovoid, seeds 2 in a cell, lenticular, bordered, rough. 

A tiny genus of three species, two of which are so close as to 

be possibly nothing but color forms of one, these widely 

cultivated as pot plants, Native of South America. Both of the 

prostrate species are planted in Guam. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Fittonia 

Leaf veins white, filaments hairy . . . . . . . F. argyroneura 

Leaf veins red or purple, filaments glabrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. verschaffeltii 

Fittonia argyroneura E. Coemans 

Fittonia argyroneura E. Coemans, Fl. des Serres, 16:103, 1865-67.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:534, 197 1 .-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 45, 1974.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 19256, 1979. 

Prostrate herb, stems densely pilose or somewhat tomentose; 

leaves oblong-oval, both ends rounded, upper surface nearly or 

quite glabrous, with a conspicuous network of white veins, 

contrasting with the green background, veins on lower surface 

pilose, blades up to 10-12 x 6-7 cm, petiole 2-3 cm long, 

pilose; spikes terminal, bracts obovate, up to 1 cm long, ciliate 

and somewhat pilose, obtuse, and somewhat apiculate, overlapping in four rows, making the spike look 4-sided; peduncle up 

to 6 cm, pilose, fertile portion to 5 cm, bracteoles hidden by 

bracts, lanceolate subulate; calyx lobes subulate, puberulent, to 

4 mm long; corolla to 12-13 mm long, tube slender below 

ampliate to 2 mm or so at throat, lobes about 2.5 mm long, 

upper lip not bifid, lower lip 3-lobed; anthers exserted, 2.5 mm 

long, on pubescent filaments; style 12-13 mm long, stigma 

minutely bilobed; hit not seen. 

potted plant. Possibly only a color form of F. verschaffeltii. 

Grown in nursery and as a 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Mangilao, cult. in nurseries, 

65 m, Fosberg 35919 (US). 

Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lemaire) E. Coemans 

Fitronia verschaffeltii (Lemaire) E. Coemans, Fl. des Serres, 15:185 (1433), 

Gymnostuchyum verschaffeltii Lemaire, Illustr. Horticole, 10 t. 372, 1863; Fl. 

1862-1865.Souder, in Guam Gardens, 45, 1974. 

des Serres, 15:153, 1862-1865. 

Creeping to ascending herb, pilosity of stems tending to be in 

strips; leaves oval to broadly ovate, up to 10 x 6 cm, apex 

obtuse to rounded, base cordate or subcordate, upper surface 

glabrous, said to be papillate when living, marked by a network 

of red or purplish veins, petiole pilose, 2-5 cm, rarely to 9 cm 

long; spikes on pilose peduncles up to 12 cm long, usually 

shorter, fertile portion 5-12 cm, bracts oval, up to 13 mm long, 

pilose and ciliate, apex rounded, 11 sometimes slightly 

apiculate, erect to squarrose; corolla yellow, about 15 mm long, 

tube ampliate upward, lip about 5 mm long, upper erect, 

narrow, lower deeply trilobed, curved downward; anthers 2.5 

mm long, broadly linear or oblong, exserted on glabrous 

filaments; style filiform, glabrous; stigma minutely bilobed, 

ovary hirsute; fruit not seen. 

Native of Andean South America at low to moderate 

elevations; said to be cultivated in Guam. 

Graptophyllum Nees 

Graprophyllwn Nees in Wallich, PI. As. Rar., 3:76, 102, 1832. 

Shrubs, leaves simple, usually (or always?) entire; flowers in 

cymules, these either in a raceme-like terminal panicle or 

axillary, bracts usually reduced and scale-like, rarely one or two 

foliaceous ones at main nodes of terminal inflorescences; calyx 

5-merous, divided to near base; corolla large, bilabiate, upper 

lip bilobed, lower trilobed; stamens 2, anthers 2-celled, 

staminodes 2; style filiform, stigma minute, shortly subulate; 

capsule clavate, seeds 2-4. 

A small genus of the Old World Tropics, including one 

species widely cultivated as an ornamental. 

Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Grifith 

Gruptophyllum picrum (L.) Griffith. Notul., 41 39, 1854.--Safford, Contr. U.S. 

Nat. Herb., 9:285-286, 1905.-Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot, 9: 142, 

1914.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 352, 1933.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 

209:102, 1952.--Stone, Micronesica, 6534, 1971.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:256, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 

1980. 

Justiciu picta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 21, 1762. 

Gruptophyllum horrense Nees in Wallich, P1. As. Rar., 3:102, 1832. 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Shrub to 2-3 m (wild plants in New Guinea said to belong 

here, reach tree size, 5-7 m), glabrous, lenticels if present very 

small, stems pale tan or buff color, slightly quadrangular; 

leaves elliptic often with a prominent blunt acumen, base acute, 

shortly petiolate, blade dark green or dark purplish above, often 

(usually in cultivated forms) with large pale blotches along 

midrib, up to 12 cm (to 18 cm on sterile shoots) long; panicles 

terminal 5-10 cm long, rarely a few cymules in upper leaf 

axils, cymules subsessile or lowest very shortly pedunculate, 

some cymules reduced to single flowers, scale-like bracts 

triangular-acuminate, margins scabemlous, pedicels up to 6 

mm long; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, 2-3 mm long, erect; 

corolla 3.5-4 cm long, tube narrow at base, somewhat 

compressed, gradually ampliate into a slightly curved, somewhat ventricose throat, deep maroon or purple to dull deep 

magenta, limb 10-15 mm long, upper lip slightly curved 

outward, narrowed to a shortly bifid apex, extending to slightly 

beyond the anthers, lower lip deeply 3-lobed, lobes blunt, 

narrowly ovate, strongly reflexed, glandular within; filaments 

strong, straight, glabrous, anthers oblong, rounded at apex, 

becoming somewhat curved; style filiform, about 3-4 cm long, 

curved near apex; fruit not seen, cultivated clone possibly 

sterile. 

Possibly native of the Moluccas, no material from there seen; 

New Guinea specimens seen, determined as G. picrum, are not 

identical with the cultivated plant, nor are they uniform. Plant 

cultivated in Philippines said to have been brought from 

Ternate, in the Moluccas. 

In Micronesia occasionally planted as an ornamental; when 

sterile easily confused with Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. 

atropurpureum, but distinguishable by the pale stems not 

marked by conspicuous white lenticels, and usually by the pale 

blotching along the midrib of the leaf blade. 

caricature plant (Guam) 

San Francisco (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

VERNACULAR NAMESGEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-Tinian: 1 mi [ 1.6 km], N of Tinian 

village, cult. in garden, 250 ft [75 m], Fosberg 24723 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Guam: s. l., G.E.S 367 (US), 352 (US, BISH), 312 (US, 

BISH); Nelson 166 (BISH); Mangilao, cult. around dwellings, 

65 m, Fosberg 35601 (US, BISH, POM), 35602 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); Agaiia, cult., Wade 34 (GUAM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: cult., Kanehira and 

Okuya in 1933 (FU); Ngerebe’ed, 5-10 m, Fosberg 32270 

(US). 

Yap: Malai Village, Cushing 510 (US); Colonia, possibly 

planted, Fosberg 59989 (US, BISH). 

Truk: Moen: Near hotel, 50-100 m, Evans 755 (US, BISH, 

POM, L). 

Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2141 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L). 

Satawan: (Anderson, seen but not collected.) 

Nukuoro: Nukuoro (Matakena) I., Fosberg 26202 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Ponape: Tonomai, Tukamatsu 989 (BISH, US); Tolotom, 

Takamatsu 1050 (BISH); Wone, Takamarsu 1027 (BISH); 

Mataranium, cult. Kanehira 790 (FU). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Likiep: Likeip I., Fosberg 27023 

(US, BISH). 

Hemigraphis Nees 

Hemigraphis Nees in de Candolle, Prodr., 11:722, 1847. 

Herbs (or shrubs), creeping or erect, stems tending to be 

geniculate; leaves toothed, crenate or entire margined; flowers 

in terminal or pseudoaxillary bracteate spikes, bracts foliaceous 

but not very showy, imbricate or not, bracteoles small; calyx 

5-parted almost to base, lobes subequal; corolla falling very 

readily, nearly regular, not bilabiate, tube slender, throat 

campanulate, lobes subequal, contorted in bud; stamens 4, in 

two pairs, anthers 2-celled; disk scarcely developed, style 

filiform, smaller stigma-lobe obsolete; capsule narrowly elliptic, elastically dehiscent, retinacula curved, pointed, flat, 

disk-like, 3-8 seeds in a cell. 

A medium-sized genus native to China, South Asia, 

Indonesia to Australia and western Pacific Islands; one species 

cultivated as an ornamental; at least three native or introduced 

species in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Hemigraphis 

1. Leaves narrowly elliptic-lanceolate ..... H. palauana 

1. Leaves elliptic or oblong to suborbicular or ovate-cordate 

............................. 2 

2. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, tending to be bullate, 

bluish or metallic above, deep purple beneath, bracts 

ovate, somewhat imbricate ....... H. aZternato 

2. Leaves orbicular to oblong or elliptic, scarcely or 

usually not cordate, green, bracts spatulate or clawed, 

not imbricate. .............. H. reptans 

Hemigraphis alternata (Burmann f.) T. Anderson 

Hemigraphis alfernata (Burmann f.) T. Anderson, Journ. Linn. Soc., 7: 114, 

1864.-Stone, Micronesia, 6534-535, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 

45, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:256, 1979. 

Ruellia alternata Burmann f., Fl. Ind., 135, 1768. 

Hemigraphis colorata (Blume) Hallier f., Nov. Act. Acad. Natur. Cur., 70:199, 

1897.-Merrill, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:142, 1914. 

Prostrate pubescent herbs, rooting at nodes; leaves broadly 

ovate-cordate, to 9 x 5 cm, apex very slightly blunt acuminate, 

base rounded to subcordate or usually cordate, margin crenate 
NUMBER 81 31 

or crenate-serrate, blade bluish or metallic green above, deep 

purple beneath, very sparsely pubescent, ciliate, with abundant 

linear cystoliths, petiole 1.5-4 cm, pubescent; spikes pedunculate, 2-5 cm or more long, densely flowered or looser toward 

base, rarely branched at base, bracts imbricate except sometimes in basal part, ovate-acute in outline but apex rounded, to 

12 x 5 mm, margin ciliate; calyx lobes linear-attenuate, 9-10 

mm long, sparsely long-ciliate; corolla 15-20 mm long, 

campanulate-funnelform, lobes rounded, somewhat spreading; 

stamens well-included; fruit unknown. 

Probably a native of south Asia. 

Ornamental, planted at least in Guam and Palau. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-metal leaf (Guam: Souder, 1974). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS./?Uam: G.E.S. 343 (BISH, K, US); 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Ngeremtengel, 1 

Tipalao Housing, Orote Pt., Cone in 1964 (GUAM). 

m, Fosberg 32445 (US, BISH, POM). 

Hemigraphis paluuana Hosokawa 

Hemigraphis palauana Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 

25:(140)127, 1935.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 413, 1935. 

Hemigraphis angustifolia sensu Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:257, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980 [non Hallier f., 

Nov. Act. Acad. Natur. Cur., 70:203, t. 10, 18971. 

Herb to 2 dm tall, slightly decumbent at base, rooting at 

lowest nodes, leaves somewhat crowded at base of plant, stems 

retrorse pubescent rarely densely so and “tomentulose”; leaves 

narrowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, to 10 x 1.5 cm, apex 

bluntly acute or slightly acuminate, base acute, margin 

undulate, blade sparsely pubescent above and beneath, with 

abundant linear cystoliths above, main veins about 5 on a side, 

network obscure, petiole slender, 5-12 mm long; spikes 

(racemes) slender, 1-8 cm long, sparsely flowered, 2 flowers in 

most bract axils, bracts linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, mostly 

about 1 cm long, lowest to 1.5 cm, apex blunt, not at all 

imbricate; flowers shortly pedicellate to almost sessile; calyx 

lobes tending to be coherent at first in lower half, narrowly 

lanceolate-attenuate, about 7-8 (- 10) mm long, subglabrous, 

margins somewhat scarious; corolla about 12-15 mm long, 

funnel form, white with maroon spot in throat, lobes somewhat 

spreading, orbicular-obovate; stamens well included; capsule 

narrowly fusiform, 7-8 (-12) mm long, containing 6-8 (-15?) 

seeds, these 1 mm diam., dark brownish. 

Apparently endemic to Palau, judging by the the rather 

uniform series of specimens from there. This was at first 

referred by us to H. angustifofia Hallier f., on the basis of 

similarity to the Amboina specimen so determined by Memll. 

Comparison with Hallier’s illustration, however, shows that it 

differs in leaf outline, in the lax inflorescence and in the linear 

bracts. It is closer to, but not identical with, Hallier’s 

illustration of his H. stenophylfa, of Celebes. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: s. l., Lederrnann 14124 (K, B). 

Babeldaob: Mt. Galasumao, Hosokawa 7179 (BISH, A, 

isotypes); Ngaraard Munic., Chol, 5 m, Canfield 315 (US); 

Ngarrard, Otobed PW-10170 (US). Koror: Kanehira and 

Okuya 39 (FU); Kanehira and Hatusima 4437 (FU). 

Hemigraphis reptans (Forster f.) T. Anderson 

Hemigraphis reptans (Forster f.) T. Anderson in Hemsley. Challenger Rep. 

Bot., 1(3):173, 1885.-Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 29:245, 1915.-D. 

Anderson, Atoll Res. Bull., 7:l-4, 1951.-St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 

1951.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:257, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 40, 1980. 

Ruellia reptans Forster f., Prodr., 44, no. 242, 1781. 

Hemigraphis pacijica Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:(140) 

127, 1935.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 413, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:257, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau. 40, 

1980. 

Herb with decumbent stems, rooting at lower nodes, distal 

parts ascending, somewhat to strongly pubescent; leaves up to 

8 x 4 cm, usually much smaller, from suborbicular to broadly 

ovate, oblong, or elliptic, extremely variable even on same 

plant, apex rounded to obtuse, or bluntly acute, base acute to 

rounded or even subcordate, margins sub-entire or undulate to 

crenate, blade with abundant linear cystoliths, from almost 

glabrous to sparsely pubescent, more densely so beneath, 

petioles usually more or less pilose, 1-3 (-4.5) cm long; spikes 

pedunculate, usually 2-5 cm, but reaching 9 cm, fertile part 

1-5 cm, rarely branched, loosely flowered, bracts longer at 

lower nodes, up to 1.5 (-2?) cm long, these petiolate, clawed or 

spatulate, blade ovate to obovate, decurrent on petiole, upper 

ones less to not at all petiolate, ciliate; flowers 1 or usually 2 in 

the axil of a bract, if 2, appearing to be one outside the other on 

the petiole base, which is at 90’ to the rachis, then curved 

abruptly upward; calyx lobes lightly coherent in basal half, 

separating, narrowly lanceolate long attenuate at apex, 7- 10 

(-13) mm long, almost glabrous or very slightly strigose or 

ciliate in free distal part to sparsely but conspicuously ciliate 

with long spreading hairs; corolla tubular at base, funnelform, 

about 15 mm long, lobes somewhat spreading, round or 

obovate, minutely puberulent on outside, white to lavender; 

stamens included; capsule 4-sided, lanceolate, 8-9 mm long, 

about 12 seeds, these discoid slightly oblique or subreniform, 

sides smooth, brown, becoming almost black, 1-1.2 mm 

across, hilum white. 

This is an extremely variable species, with more or less 

distinguishable local populations, not named here because of 

lack of sufficient material and lack of understanding of the 

variation outside Micronesia. Some of these have been given 

names but are inadequately characterized and seemingly do not 
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

have definite geographic ranges. A variant in Palau has been 

described as Hemigraphis pacifica Hosokawa. Although the 

leaves on the type collection are more acute than is common in 

this species we cannot correlate this leaf shape with other 

characters. A similar shape seems to be found occasionally in 

Melanesian collections, and it is possible that intensive 

biosystematic studies of H. reptans might show that it has some 

significance. 

At present we can only suggest several tendencies that seem 

to be related to geography. Marshall and Gilbert Islands 

collections have consistently smaller leaves, ranging from 

almost orbicular to, when well developed, broadly oblong, or 

oval, rarely elliptic, ordinarily not larger than 3 x 2 cm, plant 

commonly rather pubescent. 

Plants from the western Carolines (Palau) and Kapingamarangi, have larger leaves, up to 6 x 4 cm, and more elliptic 

than oblong, less pubescent than material from the Marshalls. 

The type of H. pacifca, Hosokawa 7400, fits here except that 

it has leaves to 10 x 4 cm, acute, with margins more crenate 

than usual. Two collections from Palau, Fosberg 32028 and 

Hosokawa 9294, differ in having the leaves unusually pale 

beneath and calyx lobes about 13 mm long, while in most 

specimens they are 7-10 mm. 

A single Guam collection, Fosberg 35620, growing as a 

weed in nursury pots, has large thin, oblong leaves with 

subcordate bases, undulate margins, and veins pubescent 

beneath, unusually long peduncles but very short spikes, and a 

very short corolla with anther tips exserted. Its calyx lobes are 

not as attenuate as usual in this species. It is the only collection 

from the Marianas, and might be a weed from anywhere. 

Keinga maitai (Kapingamarangi: Werua I., Niering 592) 

wut lomjen (Am0 Atoll: Anderson, 1951) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Mangilao, 65 m, Fosberg 

35620 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: s. l., Ledermann 14297 (K), 

14081 (K, B), 14146 (K). Babeldaob: Koiguru, Hosokawa 

9294 (A, BISH); in wet grassland facing on Grasmao cascade, 

Hosokawa 7120 (A); Ngatpang, Tuyama 9355 (K); Mt. 

Luis-Almonogui, Kanehira and Hatusima 4951 (FU); Galdok, 

Hatusima 5083 (FU). Koror: s. l., Kanehira 463 (FU, BISH); s. 

1.. Kanehira and Hatusima 4445 (FU); in primary forest on 

coral near Almizu, Hosokawa 7400 (A, isotype of H. pacifca). 

Aulupse’el: Dii’ebachel Beach, 10 m, Evans 587 (US, BISH, 

POM); Risong, Matuker Bay, 30-50 m, Fosberg 47552 (US, 

BISH, POM, K). Urukthapel: Tuyama 10104 (K); middle NE 

coast of Magaiald, 2 m, Fosberg 25866 (US, BISH, POM, 

BM); E end, road to lighthouse, 1-5 m, Fosberg 32028 (US, 

BISH, POM, B, L). 

Kapingamarangi: Werua I., Niering 592 (US), 544 (US); 

Machiro I., Townes in 1946 (US); Fosberg 26148 (US, POM, 

K, MO, L). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein, Fosberg, seen growing in 

pot in 1956. 

Majuro: Majuro I., village, St. John 21433 (BISH); west 

end, (Laura) of Majuro I., Fosberg 26963 (US, HAW, POM, 

MO, K). 

Amo: Ine I., Ine village, Stone 1147 (US, POM); Amo I., 

Anderson 3764 (US, BISH, POM); Ine I., Ine village, Anderson 

3734 (US). 

Jaluit: Jabor I., Fosberg 41384 (US); Pinglap I., Fosberg 

39461 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-BUtaritari: Butaritari I., Herbst and 

Allerton 2709 (US). 

Hygrophila R. Brown 

Hygrophila R. Brown, Prodr., 479, 1810. 

Synnem Bentham in De Candolle, Rodr., 10:938, 1845. 

Cardanfhera F. Hamilton ex Nees, DC Prodr., 11:67, 1847. 

Herbs with sessile leaves; flowers with 2 bracteoles, solitary 

or in axillary shortly dichasial or coiled cymes or panicles; 

calyx lobes equal or unequal; corolla tube cylindric or 

gradually dilated, stamens 4 or 2 with the other 2 reduced to 

staminodes; posterior lobe of stigma supressed; capsule 

generally with 4 grooves, (2-) 4 to many seeds in a cell, 

placentae from base to apex, retinaculae small, hook-like. 

A small pan-tropical genus, mostly aquatics; one species 

locally established in Guam. 

Hygrophila tnfloru (Roxburgh) Fosberg & Sachet 

Hygrophilu trij7oru (Roxburgh) Fosberg & Sachet, Baileya, 21:147, 1981; 

Ruellia frij7oru Roxburgh, Hort. Beng., 46, 1814. 

Limnophilu sp. of Moore et al., Inv. Mapping Wetl. Veg. Marianas, 13, 1977. 

22~138-140,1984. 

Elongate, branching prostrate to ascending herb, stems 

somewhat 4-angled, marked with numerous short white lines 

(rhaphid bundles ?), internodes straight, curvature of stem by 

small bends at nodes, stem spreading glandular-pilose, especially near nodes, branchlets at first slender compared with 

main stems; leaves of fertile shoots broadly ovate to broadly 

elliptic or slightly obovate, about 3 x 2 cm, rarely to 4.5 x 2.5, 

obtuse or rounded at apex, attenuate-contracted at base, 

decurrent on short petiole almost to base, margins sharply and 

conspicuously serrate except at base, sparsely puberulent or 

hispidulous, more so on veins on both surfaces, leaves of sterile 

shoots variously pinnately laciniately lobed or deeply cut, up to 

6.5 x 4.5 cm; flowers axillary, subsessile 1-2 in an axil or 

pedunculate 2-3 flowered bracteate cymules, the peduncle 

rarely as much as 1 cm long, glandular-pilose, bracts narrowly 

oblong or obovate, with several teeth, pilose, flowers on 

pedicels up to 1 mm long, a small bracteole at summit of each, 

calyx 1 cm long, cut half or more into 5 linear-subulate stiffish 

lobes, the whole glandular pilose, base abruptly contracted; 

corolla about 12 mm long, deeply bilabiate, the tube cylindric, 
NUMBER 81 33 

3 mm long, the throat 3 mm long, dilated and almost gibbous, 

upper lip concave erect, tapering to a blunt emarginate apex, the 

lower lip reflexed, oblong, shortly 3-lobed, the palate with a 

few stiff hairs, its under side with 2 rows of 4-5 deeply 

rectangular transversely oriented pockets; fertile stamens 4, in 

2 unequal pairs curved into the hollow of the upper lip, one 

sterile filament, anthers bluntly ovate-sagittate; style about 15 

mm long, filiform or subulate, hispidulous, apex hooked, 

stigma minute; fruit not seen. 

Native of India. 

Well established locally and very abundant in wet ground 

and edges of water around Agana Spring, probably an escaped 

aquarium plant. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS~U~~; Agaiia Spring, Moore 762 

(US, BISH, POM), 811 (US), 1096 (US), 1098 (US), 1118 

(US), 1119 (US), 1120 (US), 1143 (US); Fosberg & Moore, 

58335 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Justicia L. 

Jusficiu L., Sp. Pl., 15, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 10, 1754 [= 17531. 

Beloperone Nees in Wallich, PI. As. Rar., 3:76, 102, 1832. 

Jacobiniu Nees in Moncand, PI. Nouv. Amer., 156, 1847. 

Herbs or rarely weak shrubs, leaves entire; flowers variously 

arranged, often spicate, spikes often with imbricate bracts, 

flowers bracteolate; calyx deeply 5-(rarely 4)-parted, lobes 

linear, subequal; corolla bilabiate, with usually short, straight 

or curved tube, upper lip entire or bidentate, lower 3-lobed, 

often reflexed; stamens 2, inserted in throat of corolla, anthers 

2-celled, cells separated and more or less superposed, often 

appendiculate; disk cup-like, entire or lobed; pistil with capitate 

or bidentate stigma, filiform style, ovary with 2 ovules per 

locule; capsule short-stipitate, seeds 2 or 1 in a cell, flat, 

suborbicular. 

A large pantropical genus with a few cultivated and some 

rather weedy species, three cultivated in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Justicia 

1. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, bracts small, scale-like 

1. Inflorescences terminal, spicate, bracts large, foliaceous, 

imbricate ....................... 2 

Spikes thick, not notably 4-sided, erect, flowers pink to 

purple, about 6 cm long .......... J. carnea 

Spikes slender, 4-sided, tending to droop, flowers white, 

about 3-4 cm long ......... J. brandegeana 

....................... J. spicigera 

2. 

2. 

Justicia brandegeana Wasshausen & Smith 

Jusficiu brandegeanu Wasshausen & Smith in Reitz, FI. Illustr., Catar. 1, 

Acanth., 102, 1969. 

Beloperone gutfafa Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot., 4278, 1912.-Fosberg 

and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:34, 1%2.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 46, 

1972.-Randall et al., Univ. Guam Mar. Lab. Rch. Rept., 1255, 1974 [non 

Jusficiu gurfafu Wallich, PI. As. Rar., 1:24,t. 28, 18301. 

Jusriciu fulvicomu sensu auct.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15257, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 40, 1980 [non Schlechtendal and Chamisso, Linnaea, 6:369, 18311. 

Slender shrub or herb to 1 m, stems tending to be geniculate, 

antrorsely subappressed pilose, internodes swollen, fleshy just 

above nodes; leaves ovate, to 7 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apex 

bluntly acute to somewhat acuminate, base acute to obtuse, 

thin, softly appressed pilose especially along nerves, on slender 

petioles up to 2 rarely 3 or even 4 cm long; flowers in spikes, 

these 1-3 at terminal node and on ends of short lateral 

branches, up to 15 cm long, nodding to drooping, with 4 ranks 

of thin broadly ovate subacute, subcordate overlapping bronze 

to roseate bracts, softly pilose above and on nerves beneath, 

bracteoles similar but much smaller and narrower, pale, a pair 

enclosing the base of each flower; calyx lobes broadly 

lanceolate, acuminate aristate, pilose, pale green; corolla 

tubular, white, softly pilose without, glabrous within, almost 

straight, base of tube swollen or ventricose, distal third divided 

into 2 narrow lips, the upper erect, shortly bifid, sub-galeate or 

hooked, lower cuneate, straight, divergent at a small angle from 

tube, shortly trilobed, lobes ovate, rounded at apex, palate 

elongate, deeply plicate, broadly cross-banded with purple, 

swollen base filled with gummy clear nectar, stamens with 

stout, stiff white filiments attached about half-way up tube, 

straight, with deep purple anthers, the 2 cells strongly offset, 

basely exserted; ovary subglobose, style capillary, with 

beard-like globules of nectar, stigma minute, punctiform, one 

lobe scarcely developed; capsule squarish-ovoid, pilosulose, 

thin walled, on a broad stipe, apex acute, retinacula spoonshaped. 

This species, usually placed in the segregate genus Beloperone, when put in Justicia has been called Justicia fulvicoma, a 

principally Mexican species, with short erect spikes and narrow 

bracts. The two seem to be sufficiently different to be 

maintained. We have not seen seeds on the cultivated 

specimens studied. Though known from Guam, Kwajalein, 

Jaluit, and Nauru, we have only seen specimens from Nauru, 

one of which has pale canary yellow bracts (Fosberg 58721) 

and may be the cultivar “yellow queen,” though the bracts of 

that are said to be chartreuse-green. This plant is known in 

Nauru as “yellow shrimp-plant.” 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

NAURU ISLAND.-Denigomodu, W side of island, planted in 

pot, Fosberg 58720 (US), 58721 (US). 

Justicia carnea Lindley 

Justiciu cornea Lindley, Bot. Reg., 17. t. 1397, 1831.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Jucobiniu carnea (Lindley) Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard., 2:206, 1885.-Souder, 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15257, 1979. 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974. 

Jacobinia obrusior (Nees) Bailey, Gentes Herb., 4: 136, 1923. 

Shrub 1-2 m tall, stems squarish and tending to be grooved, 

thinly to moderately tomentose, young growth tomentose; 

leaves large, to 30 x 10 cm or even larger, ovate, strongly but 

gradually acuminate, base obtuse, then abruptly decurrent for 

some distance on petiole, under surface thinly puberulent, 

especially on nerves, much less so on upper surface, petioles 

3- 10 cm long, usually wide-spreading; spikes terminal, very 

showy, up to 12 (-15) cm long, to 9 cm wide, in very luxuriant 

specimens tending to be inconspicuously paniculate, bracts 

overlapping, foliaceous, to 3 x 1.5 cm, smaller upward, lower 

ones tending to be acuminate, upper rounded at apex, 

tomentulose on nerves, bracteoles linear, ciliate, 1-2 cm long; 

calyx divided almost to base, lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, 

somewhat unequal, up to 9 mm long, ciliate towards the acute 

apex; corolla pink to rose-purple, about 6 cm long, straight or 

slightly curved, strongly curved at apex, tube 3 cm long, 

slender, slightly ampliate upward, upper lip erect, curved over 

the anthers at tip, apex only minutely notched or not at all, 

lower lip reflexed to almost a right-angle, clawed, claw about 

6-7 mm, limb expanded, oblong-obovate and deeply trilobed, 

and recurved, the whole corolla thinly glandular-pilose; 

stamens not quite equalling corolla, filiments strongly curved at 

summit, anthers broadly oblong, somewwhat curved, about 

2-5 mm long, dark purple, cells slightly offset, style tip 

slightly exerted from upper lobe, stigma only very slightly 

enlarged; capsule not seen. 

Native of Brazil and neighboring areas usually placed in the 

genus Jacobinia, often as Jacobinia rnagnifca (Nees) Bentham 

or J. obfusior (Nees) Bailey. It is frquently cultivated in warm 

countries and in greenhouses in temperate areas. Said to have 

been introduced into Guam by Mayo Nursery, called, in error, 

Jacobinia obtusifolia. Now sparingly planted. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-Pink jacobinia (Souder, 1974). 

No specimens available from Micronesia. 

Justicia spicigera Schlechtendal 

Justicia spicigera Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 7:395-396, 1832.-Fosberg, SaJacobinia spicigera (Schlechtendal) Bailey, Standard Cycl. Hort., 1715, 1915. 

Shrubby or somewhat scandent, stems woolly-pilose, somewhat geniculate and nodose; leaves ovate to elliptic, acute to 

acuminate at apex rounded to acute and somewhat decurrent at 

base into a short petiole, blade up to (rarely) 15 x 6 cm or even 

larger, lower surface sparsely pilosulous, more so on veins, less 

on upper surface; flowers in sparsely woolly-pilose axillary 

(rarely terminal?) compound, or thyrsoid, scorpioid cymes, 

these to 10 cm long, rarely more, with 1-2 (-3) internodes 

above peduncle, branched simple or dichotomous, flowers 

sessile, conspicuously secund, bracts much-reduced, scale-like, 

triangular; calyx glabrous divided to 3/4 to base into 5 

chet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:257, 1979. 

lanceolate somewhat acuminate lobes about 2 mm long; corolla 

orange to scarlet, glabrous, about 3-4 cm long, straight to 

slightly curved, tube 2-2.5 cm, gradually dilated upward, limb 

in bud tapering to a blunt apex, upper lip erect, lanceolate, 

entire, minutely cucullate, lower wider, oblong, with 3 short 

rounded lobes, becoming strongly revolute and even coiled or 

rolled; stamens almost equalling upper corolla lobe, filament 

strong, glabrous, anthers 2 mm long, sagittate, to broadly 

elliptic, black or rarely brown when dry; style capillary slightly 

exceeding corolla, glabrous or very sparsely long-pilose; 

stigma very shortly unequally bilobed; capsule about 2 cm 

long, stipe about 1 cm, enlarged part oblong, slightly beaked; 

seed not seen. 

A common Mexican species, occasionally cultivated as an 

ornamental, collected once in Micronesia. It seems to be rarely 

collected in fruit. 

It is unusual in the genus Justicia in its axillary cymose 

inflorescences and in the very reduced bracts. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Agana Heights, planted in 

garden, 50 m, Fosberg 43471 (US, BISH, POM). 

Odontonemu Nees 

Odontonerna Nees in Endlicher, Gen. PI. Suppl., 2:63, 1842 [Mar-Junl; 

Linnaea, 16:300, 1842 [Jun 11. 

Shrubs and herbs, leaves entire, opposite; flowers in terminal 

raceme-like thyrses, or these branched and paniculate; bracts 

and bracteoles small; calyx short, deeply divided; corolla 

tubular, more-or-less bilabiate, (4-) 5 lobed, stamens 2, 

attached near middle of corolla tube, staminodia 2, united with 

bases of fertile stamens, or 0; small style with stigma mostly 

shortly 2-lobed; capsule stipitate. 

A small tropical American genus with 2 or 3 species 

occasionally cultivated as ornamentals, one rarely in Micronesia. 

Odontonema callistachyum (Schlechtendal & 

Chamisso) 0. Kuntze 

Odontonema callistachyurn (Schlechtendal & Chamisso) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 

Justicia callistachya Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Linnaea, 6:370, 1831. 

Thyrsacanthus callisrachyus (Schlechtendal & Chamisso) Nees in de Candolle, 

Prodr.. 11:326, 1847. 

Odontoenema stricturn at least sensu auct. Pacific,Stone, Micronesia, 6535, 

1971.4ouder. In Guam Gardens, 57, 1971.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:258, 1979 [prob. non (Nees) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 

2:494, 18911. 

Shrub or suffrutescent herb, up to 2 m tall, glabrous to 

puberulent; leaves elliptic, up to 25 x 10 cm, occasionally much 

larger on fast-growing shoots, acuminate at apex, base 

decurrent to a short petiole, puberulent beneath along midrib; 

inflorescence up to 15 (-30) cm long, narrow, rarely branched 

PI., 2:494, 1891. 
NUMBER 81 35 

at base, peduncle up to 15-20 cm, with or without 2 reduced 

leaves part way up, rhachis and cymules puberulent, cymules 

very short, fasciculiform, peduncle 1-3 (-5) mm long, flowers 

3 or more, congested, subtended by tiny triangular mucronulate 

bracts and similar but smaller bracteoles, calyx campanulate, 

2-2.5 mm long, divided about half way into 5 subequal 

narrowly ovate acuminate lobes; corolla 25-26 mm long, red, 

tubular, tube slightly ampliate upward, scarcely bilabiate, 5 

more or less similiar short lobes spreading, ovate, rounded at 

apex; fertile stamens 2, anthers 2.5 mm long, included; style 

capillary, 13 mm long, glabrous, stigma minutely capitate; 

capsule stipitate, ellipsoid (none seen on cultivated specimens). 

A variable species, native from Mexico to Panama and 

widely cultivated, usually under the name Odontonema 

strictum. The two seem almost indistinguishable, but Justicia 

stricta was described as having acute corolla lobes. The genus 

needs revision. Known in Micronesia only from Guam. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-fire spike (Souder, 1974). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.--GUam: Mangilao, cultivated, 65 m, 

Fosberg 35624 (US). 

Pseuderanthemum Radlkofer 

Pseuderanthemum Radlkofer, Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. CI. Akad. Wiss. Munch., 

13:285, 1883. 

Shrubs, rarely reaching small tree size, vegetative parts 

usually glabrous; leaves entire or toothed; flowers in spike-like 

or branched thyrsoid inflorescences or in axillary cymules, or 

solitary, 1-3 in axils of bracts; calyx divided essentially to 

base; corolla hypocrateriform, tube slender not or scarcely 

enlarged upward, lobes patent, imbricate in bud, equal or two 

slightly smaller; fertile stamens 2, staminodia 2 or none, 

anthers 2-loculed; ovary with 2 ovules in a cell; capsule 

stipitate, retinacula sharp or blunt; seeds flat, round or angled, 

pitted or smooth. 

A medium sized pan-tropical genus, with several commonly 

planted ornamental species. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Pseuderanthemum 

1. Inflorescences axillary, cymose ...... €? laxiflorum 

1. Inflorescences terminal .................. 2 

Inflorescence raceme-like, flowers single or in 2s or 3s 

on rhachis ..................... 3 

Rhachis 4-6 cm long, slightly pilosulous, flowers 

opposite or subopposite on rhachis ........ 

3. Rhachis elongate, to 24 cm, densely hirtellous, 

flowers 1-3 at a node, not opposite ........ .................... P. inclusum 

Inflorescence thyrsoid, flowers in reduced cymules on 

rhachis ....................... .4 

2. 

3. 

.................... €? palauense 

2. 

4. Leaves strongly acuminate, corolla tube slender, 

4. Leaves obtuse to slightly acuminate, corolla tube 

10-12 mm long .......... P. carruthersii 

about 4 cm long ...... R acuminatissimum 

Pseuderanthemun acuminatissimum (Miquel) Benoist 

Pseuderanthemum acuminatissimum (Miquel) Benoist in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. 

Indo-chine, 4:721,1935.4lassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:102, 1952 [as P. 

sp.1.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15258, 1979.-Fosberg 

and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:26, 1980. 

Eranthemum acuminatissimum Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bot., 2:835, 1856 [1858]. 

Shrub to 2.5 m tall, stems squarish, younger parts and 

inflorescence puberulent with curved hairs (this not very 

evident in the one over-mature Micronesian specimen); leaves 

elliptic said to be purple, up to 20 x 7 cm, apex notably 

acuminate, base acute, slightly decurrent, blade thin, main 

veins 10-11 on a side, anastornosing into a network before 

reaching margin, glabrous, cystoliths minute, short-linear, 

petiole 1.5-4.5 cm long; inflorescence very narrowly thyrsoid, 

up to 21 x 1-1.5 cm (not counting spreading corollas), on a 

long (to 10 cm) or short (to 3 cm) peduncle, cymules densely 

flowered; bracts and calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, 

margins glabrous or densely ciliate; corolla tube slender, 

4.0-4.3 cm long, lobes 10-12 x 5-6 mm, obovate to elliptic, 

white, one slightly larger and notably punctate, strongly 

spreading to somewhat reflexed; anthers exserted, 2 mm long, 

oblong, somewhat lobed and bluntly pointed at base, slightly 

curved; style filiform, glabrous, stigma minute, blunt, exserted; 

capsule 4-6 mm long, stipitate, fertile part bluntly ovoid. 

(Description, except fruit, mostly from Thailand and Indochina 

specimens). 

A species otherwise known from the Indochinese Peninsula, 

probably accidentally, or deliberately, introduced in Ponape. 

The Ponape specimen has glabrous flowers while the 2 Asiatic 

specimens seen have more or less puberulent or pilose flowers 

and bracts. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: “u” District, Glassman 2572 

(US). 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seemann) Guillaumin 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seernann) Guillaumin, Ann. Mus. col. Marseille, VI, 5-6:48, 1948.-Fosberg, Phytologia, 5:290, 1955.--Stone, 

Micronesica 6535, 1971. 

Eranthemum carruthersii Seernann, Fl. Vit., 185, 1866. 

Eranthemurn eldorado Hort., Williams, Cat., 21, 1877. 

Pseuderanthemum eldorado (Hort.) Radlkofer, Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. C1. 

Akad. Wiss. Munch., 13:286, 1883. 

Glabrous shrub or small tree, young internodes squarish; 

leaves broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, acute to obtuse, often 

very slightly and abruptly acuminate or mucronate, base obtuse 
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

to rounded, often slightly decurrent, veins visible but not 

prominent, petiole short, to 1.5 or 2 cm; thyrses narrow, with 

basal branches usually somewhat more developed than above, 

thyrses frequently paniculately arranged at the ends of 

branches, glabrous or obscurely puberulent, bracts reduced to 

ovate or oblong strongly ciliolate green scales, 2-5 mm long; 

calyx divided almost to base into (4)-5 broadly lanceolate acute 

segments, about 3.5-4 mm long, thinly puberulent, margins 

strongly ciliolate; corolla white, pink, or crimson, tube about 12 

mm long, 1.5 mm wide, slightly dilated upward, lobes 5, patent, 

oval or broadly ovate, rounded at apex; anthers curved, oblong, 

about 1.5 mm long, exserted, summit of filaments curved; style 

filiform, very minutely and sparsely pilosulous (or glabrous?, 

stigma exserted, very shortly bifid; fruit not seen, probably 

does not set in cultivated clones. 

Plant described originally from Erromanga, New Hebrides 

(type McGillivray s.n. (K)), not known with certainty in wild 

state, possibly native in Melanesia; somewhat similar plants are 

known wild in the New Hebrides. A number of varieties are 

widely planted as ornamentals in many tropical countries and 

islands. These are usually treated as species, but the differences 

between them are slight, mostly in color patterns in leaves and 

flowers. At least three distinguishable ones are known in 

Micronesia. They are here treated as varieties, because nothing 

is known of their origins. They could equally well be called 

cultivars. 

1. 

1. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Pseuderanthemum 

carruthersii 

Leaves clear green, corolla white with crimson-purple dots 

around throat . . , . . . . . . . . . . var. carruthersii 

Leaves yellow veined or purple beneath. . . . . . . . . 2 

2. Leaves green or purple-patched above, dark purple 

beneath, corolla mostly crimson or maroon, with 

white markings above . . . . . . var. atropurureum 

2. Leaves green with bright yellow veins, corolla lobes 

white with crimson or purple dots . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . , . , . . . var. reticulatum 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seernann) Guillaurnin 

var. carruthersii 

Pseuderunthemum curruthersii (Seemann) Guillaumin var. currufhersii.- 

Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:105, 1957.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. 

Bull., 92:35, 1962.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:258, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Pseuderunthemum rericulutum sensu Taylor, Plants of Bikini, 198, 1950 [non 

(Hort.) Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 413, 19351. 

Erunthemum eldorado (Hort.) Williams ex Just. Bot. Jahresb., 135, 1877 

[1879].4kabe, Joum. Jap. For. SOC., 23:270, 1941. 

Pseuderunthemum utropurpureum sensu St. John, Pac. Sci., 2:112, 1948 [non 

(Bull) Radlkofer, Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. C1. &ad. Wiss. Munch., 13:286, 

18831. 

Leaves green above and beneath, acute to obtuse, or 

mucronate, stems green when young, corolla lobes white with 

crimson or purple dots near throat. 

Widely planted throughout Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Kagman Peninsula, hedge 

along abandoned building Courage 35 (US). 

Rota: Necker R8 (US); wood along N shore from Songsong 

village, 5-10 m, Sachet 1753 (US); Cheatham 179 (US); trail 

up to Sabana region Evans 2078 (US). 

Guam: s. l., G.E.S. 309 (US, BISH); Andersen Field, 

Fosberg 35394 (US, BISH); Guerrero 721 (BISH); Camp 

Quezon, Mangilao, Stone 4077 (GUAM); Orote Pt., Swezey in 

1936 (BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Ngiwal, Emmons 

83 (US). Koror: Ngerebe’ed, Fosberg 32500 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY). 

Sonsorol: Village area and cemetery, Berry 40 (US, BISH). 

Yap: s. l., Wong 509 (US, BISH); road across from Catholic 

Ulithi: Fassarai I., in village, planted, 2 m, Fosberg & Evans 

Woleai: Falalop I., Falalop village, Evans 472 (POM). 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., in outskirts of village, 2 m, Fosberg & 

Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2137 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

Nukuoro: Nukuoro (Matakena) I., Fosberg 26216 (US, 

Ponape: Kolonia, planted, Fosberg 60482 (US). 

Pingelap: Pingelap I., village, St. John 21489 (BISH). 

Kusaie: Me Island, planted, 1-5 m, Fosberg 26554 (US, 

WAKE ISLAND.-seen in 1961 (Sachet) but not in 1963 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Rongelap: Rongelap I., Taylor 46- 

Utirik: Utirik I., 1-3 m, Fosberg 33690 (US, BISH, NY, 

Ujae: Ujae I., 1-3 m Fosberg 34295 (US). 

Wotho: Wotho I., Fosberg 34236 (US, BISH, NY, POM, L). 

Lae: Lae I., 1-3 m Fosberg 34098 (US, BISH). 

Kwajalein: Seen by Fosberg, growing in pot, 1956, 1958. 

Ebeye I., Fosberg 31206 (US). Ennylabegan: Herbst 8915 

Ailuk: Ailuk I., 1-3 m, Fosberg 33973 (US, BISH); St. John 

Likiep: Likiep I., Fosberg 27030 (US). 

Wotje: Armed I., St. John & Cowan 22654 (BISH). 

Ailinglapalap: Bikajle (Bigatyelang) I., Fosberg 26868 (US, 

Majuro: W end of Majuro I., 1-5 m, Fosberg 26950 (US, 

mission, Blackburn 235 (US). 

47398 (?). 

Evans 47346 (US), 47352 (US). 

L). 

BISH, POM). 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

(Sachet, Fosberg); Metais area, Ward 218 (US). 

1389 (BISH, US). 

POM, L). 

(US). 

& Cowan 21820 (BISH). 

BISH, POM). 

BISH). 
NUMBER 81 37 

Amo: Ine I., Stone 1008 (POM); Anderson 3660 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L). 

Jaluit: Medijado (Mejat’to) I., planted, Fosberg 26782 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L); Fosberg 39423 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Marakei: Rawannawi, Raulerson 3839 

(US). 

Tarawa: Bairiki, Adair 145 (K, BISH); Abaokoro, Adair 107 

(BISH); Betio, Adair 92 (K, US); Bikenibeu, Raulerson 3653 

(US). 

Abemama: Catala 47 (P). 

Onotoa: Buariki, North Island, Moul 8301 (US). 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum 

(Bull) Fosberg 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum (Bull) Fosberg, Phytologia, 

5:290, 1955.-Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:105, 1957.-Fosberg and Sachet, 

Atoll Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962; Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:26, 1980.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:258, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 40, 1980. 

Eranthemum atropurpureum Bull, Gard. Chon. n. s., 3:619, 1875.-Okabe, 

Journ. Jap. For. SOC., 23:270, 1941. 

Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Bull) Radlkofer, Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. 

CI. Akad. Wiss. Munch., 13:286, 1883.-Taylor, Plants of Bikini, 197, 1950. 

Odonronema nitidum sensu Memll, Philip. Journ, Sci. Boc., 9:142, 1914 [non 

(Jacquin) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen., 494, 18911. 

Pseuderanthemum jaluitense Lindau, Repert. Sp. Nov., 13:553, 1915. 

Pseuderanthemum reticulatum sensu Kanehira, Enum., 413, 1935 [non (Bull) 

Radlkofer, Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. CI. &ad. Wiss. Munch., 13:286, 18831. 

Shrub with deep purple young stems often marked with 

white lenticels, leaves variously variegated dark purple and 

green or green above and purple beneath, often variously 

malformed; flowers with corolla lobes pink dotted or blotched 

generally with crimson. 

Very variable, a number of clones included, including one 

with crumpled leaves. Widely planted, the most commonly 

seen form of the species. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-saipan: Kanehira 1077 (NY). 

Tinian: Plateau 1 mi [1.6 km] N of Tinian, cult. in garden, 

250 ft [76 m], Fosberg 24724 (US, BISH, POM); s. l., Okatani 

26 (FU). 

Rota: Road between Songsong village and Mackay Bay, 5 

m, Evans 2159 (US); Songsong village and vicinity, 5-10 m, 

Evans 2023 (US). 

Guam: Memll, 1914:142; Nelson 164, 165 (NY); Andersen 

Field, cult., Fosberg 35395 (US, BISH); Agana, Seale in 1900 

(BISH); G.E.S. 308 (BISH, US), 54 (US, NY); Harmon village, 

Stone 3938 (GUAM); near Agriculture Dept., Mangilao, cult., 

Stone 4370-A (GUAM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Malekiok [= Melekiok], Salsedo 128 (US). Peleliu: Emmons 92 (US, BISH). 

Sonsorol: Salsedo 371 (US), 399 (US). 

Yap: Malaya village, sea level, Cushing 528 (US); Wong 51 7 

(US); Colonia, Fosberg 60013 (US). 

Ulithi: Fassaral I., in village, 2 m, Fosberg & Evans 47399 

(US); Asor I., in garden around dwellings in village, 1-2 m, 

planted, Fosberg 46473 (POM); Falalap I., 1-3 m, under 

coconut trees in and around village, planted, Fosberg 46622 

(POM). 

Eauripik: Eauripik I., in open village, planted, 1-2 m, 

Fosberg & Evans 47119 (US). 

Woleai: Falalop, occasional in Faralop village, Evans 441 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., in outskirts of village, 1-2 m, planted, 

Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., in village around dwellings and in 

Satawal: Fassarai I., in village, 2 m, Fosberg & Evans 47399 

Truk: Moen (Harushima): Takamatsu 200 (BISH). 

Nama: Village and vicinity, 0-3 m, Evans 1296 (US). 

Lukunor: Anderson (seen but not collected). 

Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 1121 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

WAKE ISLAND.-seen in 1961 (Sachet), not in 1963 (Sachet, 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Rongelap: Taylor 46-1485 (Us), 

Utirik: Utirik I., Fosberg 36721 (US, BISH POM). 

Ujae: Ujae I., Fosberg 34421 (US, BISH, NY, POM), 34290 

Lae: Lae I., Fosberg 34063 (US, BISH). 

Kwajalein: Ebeye I., Fosberg 31206 (US); Burle (= Murle), 

near village, Bryan in 1944 (BISH); growing in pot, 1956, 

1958, Fosberg. 

(US). 

Fosberg & Evans 47305 (US). 

gardens, Fosberg & Evans 46764 (US). 

(US). 

L); Ta I. Anderson 1022 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Fosberg). 

46-1388 (US). 

(US, BISH). 

Ailuk: Ailuk I., Fosberg 33973 (US). 

Jemo: Fosberg 33866 (US, BISH, POM). 

Likiep: Likiep I., Fosberg 27025 (US, BISH). 

Ailinglapalap: Bikajle (Bigatyetlang) I., Fosberg 26858 

(US). 

Majuro: W end of Majuro I. (Laura), abundantly planted 

along trail, 1-7 m, Fosberg 26977 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

NE side, Bryan in 1944 (BISH). 

Amo: Ine I., Anderson 3661 (US, BISH, POM, L). 

Jaluit: Imruj (Imrodj) I., near house, 1-3 m, Fosberg 26858 

NAURU ISLAND.-Buada Lagoon, Fosberg 58792 (US). 

Tarawa: Betio, Adair 24 ( US); Abaoro, Adair l03A (US); 

Nonouti: Buariki, Koch 26 (US). 

Onotoa: Moul 8301,8038 (US, POM). 

(US); 26729 (US); Mejatto I, Fosberg 39424 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Marakei: Catah 73 (P). 

Bikenibeu, Raulerson 3692 (US). 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum 

(Bull) Fosberg 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticularum (Bull) Fosberg, Smith. Conlr. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Bot., 45:26-27, 1980.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:259, 

1979. 

Eranthemum reticulatum Bull, Gard. Chon., n. s., 3:619. 1875. 

Leaves broadly ovate obtusish, with conspicuous bright 

yellow vein-network (a narrow yellow zone along veins), 

corolla-lobes white with crimson or purple dots. 

Very rarely planted in Micronesia, common in Samoa. No 

Micronesian specimens but plant seen by Fosberg growing in 

pot on Kwajalein in 1956. 

Pseuderanthemum inclusum Hosokawa 

Pseuderanthemum inclusum Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 

28:157. 1938.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:259, 1979.- 

Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Slender shrub or suffrutescent herb, up to at least 70 cm tall, 

glabrous or young parts somewhat hirtellous, stems minutely 

white-punctate; leaves broadly lanceolate to elliptic, apex 

acuminate, base acute somewhat decurrent on petiole, blade 

stiff-chartaceous, flat or margin tightly revolute, 10-14 x 

2.5-3 cm, reticulate venulose beneath, veins 7-9 on a side, 

glabrate, petiole 1-2 cm long, hirtellous; inflorescence a very 

slender, elongate, spike-like pseudo-raceme, 1-3 very shortpedicelled flowers at a node, tending to have one branch at first 

node, the whole densely hirtellous, up to 24 cm long, bracts 

pubescent, linear to linear-lanceolate, straight to falcate, 

acuminate, to 4 mm long, bractoles similar, smaller; calyx 

divided almost to base into 5 linear subulate to almost filiform 

puberulent lobes 4-5 mm long; corolla 10-13 mm long, tube 

ampliate upward to about 2 mm wide, pubescent outside, lobes 

5, ovate-oblong, white, up to 6 x 2-3 mm, pilose outside, 

stamens with filaments 1.5-2 mm long, anthers oblong, 1 mm 

long, included, staminodia 2; pistil 4-5 mm long, style slender, 

1.5 mm, stigma capitate or minutely bilobed, included; capsule 

15-20 mm long, pilose, stipitate, stipe 1 cm long, fertile part 

very shortly beaked, ovoid, 4-seeded; seed disk-shaped, 

irregular in outline, notched on one edge, sides rugose. 

Closely related to P. fapathifolium (Vahl) 0. Kuntze and P. 

polyanthum (C.B. Clarke) Memll, of India and Assam, 

differing principally in the narrower stiff chartaceous, strongly 

reticulate leaves and much shorter flowers. 

Endemic, so far as known, to Babeldaob Island, Palau, at low 

elevations. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Ledermann 14441 (B). Babeldaob: Ngarumiscang, Hosokawa 9128 (FU, type, 2 sheets, 

BISH, A, isotypes); Garamiscan, Kanehira 561 (FU), 516 

(sphalm ?) (NY); Ngardok, near seashore, Takamarsu 1209 

(BISH); Aimiriik, Okuya s.n. (FU). 

Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (Gray) Hubbard 

Pseuderanthemum laxiforum (Gray) Hubbard in Bailey, Rhodora, 18: 159, 

1916.-Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:77, 105, 1957.-Fosberg and Sachet, 

Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:27, 198O.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica 

15:259, 1979. 

Eranthemum laxiforum Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci., 5:349, 1861-1862. 

Pseuderanrhemum bicolor sensu Stone, Micronesica, 6535, 1971 [non 

(Schrank) Radlkofer, Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. C1. Mad. Wiss. Munchen, 

13(2):286, 18831. 

Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall, in cultivation usually a shrub 

to 1 m, glabrous, much branched; leaves bronze-purple, small, 

up to 10 x 2.5 cm, rarely, but perhaps abnormally, larger, 

usually smaller, narrowly elliptic, bluntly acuminate at apex, 

base acute, veins 5-6 on a side, distinct beneath, network 

obscure except near margins, margins tightly and irregularly 

revolute, appearing somewhat undulate, cystoliths very numerous, very short-linear to punctiform, petiole very short, 2-10 

mm; flowers in short axillary congested cymules, these 

sometimes reduced to a short peduncle with bract and a single 

pedicellate flower (specimens of wild plants of this species 

from Fiji show a great range of variation in the amplitude and 

complexity of the axillary cymes compared with the cultivated 

clone described here), bracts small, 2-3 mm long, green, 

pedicels up to about 4 mm; calyx divided almost to base into 5 

narrowly lanceolate somewhat acuminate lobes, these glabrous 

except for minutely ciliolate margins, lobes about 4 mm long; 

corolla slightly purplish or white with red dots on lobes, tube 

about 20-22 mm long (longer in some wild plants), about 2 

mm thick, only very slightly ampliate upward, lobes 10-15 

mm long, obovate to broadly elliptic, patent to slightly 

reflexed; glabrous; anthers about 2 mm long, narrowly oblong, 

shortly exserted on curved glabrous filaments; style filiform, 

glabrous, about 25 mm long, stigma subcapitate, bilobed, 

exserted; capsule not seen on cultivated specimens, on wild 

Fijian specimens 2-3 cm long, fertile part oblong lanceolate, 

acute, retinacula curved, sharply subulate; seed discoid, light 

brown, relatively smooth on sides, margin entire. 

Native of Fiji; uncommon in cultivation, where usually 

called Pseuderanthemum bicolor. In Micronesia cultivated in 

gardens on Guam and Tarawa (where it is used for leis). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.--GU~ITI: Tamuning, Fosberg 35351 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bairilei, Catah 110 (P). 

(US). 

Pseuderanthemum palauense Fosberg & Sachet 

Pseuderanthemum palauense Fosberg & Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 4527, 

1980.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:259, 1979.-Fosberg et 

al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Herb a few dm tall, young parts and grooves on 2 sides of 

stem pilosulous, nodes rather prominent; leaves thin, ovate, 

strongly acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, up to 7 x 3 cm, 

petiole slender, about 1 cm long, blade with up to 7 veins on a 

side, these appressed puberulent above, much less so on under 

sides; pseudoracemes slender, slightly pilosulous, terminal and 
NUMBER 81 39 

on small side branchlets, rhachis 4-6 cm long, occasionally 

branched, bracts small, ovate, about 1 mm long, subtending 

pedicels 2-3 mm long, dilated upward, occurring opposite or 

subopposite moderately spaced along rachis; sepals narrowly 

lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, free almost to base, almost glabrous, 

sharply pointed; corolla about 2 cm long, curved, glabrous 

without, limb in bud 3-4 mm long (buds only seen), style and 

stigma about 3 cm long (only detached ones seen intact); fruit 

glabrous, about 2 cm long, stipitate basal portion 1 cm, beak 

short; seed disk-like, margin scalloped, lobe at one end of scar 

more prominent, faces conspicuously warty, gray-brown, 3-4 

mm across. 

This is quite distinct from Pseuderanthemum inclusum in its 

leaf shape, more slender and lax inflorescences, much longer 

corollas, styles and stamens, and in its scalloped warty seeds. It 

seems closest to Philippine plants commonly referred to 

Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlkofer, which has 

predominantly axillary cymes, linear subulate bracts and 

sepals, and entire-margined seeds. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Peleliu: In forest, Takumatsu 

1768 (BISH, holotype). Babeldaob: Arakalong [= Arekalong], 

in field, Takamatsu 1681 (BISH). 

Ruellia L. 

Ruellia L., Sp. PI., 634, 1753; Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 283, 1754 [= 17531. 

Herbs or shrubs with opposite or pseudo-verticillate simple 

entire or undulate leaves; flowers solitary in leaf mils or in 

terminal or axillary cymes; calyx deeply divided into 5 equal or 

rarely unequal segments; corolla tubular, campanulate, funnelform or salverform, if tubular usually somewhat swollen or 

ventricose, often showy, lobes 5 usually spreading, obtuse, 

contorted in bud; stamens 4, anther-cells 2, muticous at base; 

style filiform, stigma with 2 unequal lobes; fruit elongate, 

elastically dehiscent, with usually 3-12 (-16) seeds in each 

cell, these somewhat upwardly imbricate, with mucilaginous 

hairs, retinacula long, sharp. 

A large pantropical and warm-temperate genus, some 

species weedy, several planted and one (I?. repens) locally 

naturalized in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Ruellia 

1. Flowers solitary between bracts . . . . . . . . R. repens 

1. Flowers in cymes or spikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

2. Inflorescences cymose . . . . . . . . . . R. brittoniana 

2. Inflorescences spicate . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . R. sp. 

Ruellia brittoniuna Leonard ex Fernald 

Ruellia hrittonianu Leonard ex Fernaid, Rhodora, 47:7, fig. 1, 1945. 

Ruellia longifolia sensu Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:259, 

1979 [non (Stocks) Stocks ex T Anderson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 9:460, 

18671. 

Herb or small shrub with lance-linear leaves about 10-15 cm 

long or smaller; flowers in few flowered open cymes in upper 

axils, calyx lobes linear, about 10 mm, corolla purple, 3-4 cm 

long, curved, campanulate distally, lobes large, round, flaring; 

capsule about 2.5 cm long, very shortly stipitate. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Seen once in 1956 in 

potted nursery stock brought from Honolulu. Probably has not 

become established. 

Ruellia repens L. 

Ruellia repens L., Mant. PI., 1:89, 1767.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 

209:102, 1952.--Stemmermann, Inv. Wetland Veg. Caroline Is., 2:194, 

1978.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:259. 1979. 

Slender herb with square somewhat geniculate stems, sparse 

branching, internodes several cm long, young parts sparsely 

puberulent, usually glabrate, linear cystoliths abundant; leaves 

lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, shape varying even on same 

plant, up to 5 x 2 cm, usually smaller and narrower, apex obtuse 

to usually bluntly acute or acuminate, base usually acute or 

obtusish, veins not prominent, margins scabrous-ciliolate, 

petiole slender, 2-12 mm long; flowers solitary, axillary, each 

between 2 oval leaf-like bracts about 1 cm long; calyx 

segments narrowly lanceolate, about 4 mm long; corolla very 

prone to fall, pink to purple, curved, about 5 mm, throat 

narrowly campanulate, curved, lobes round, somewhat spreading; stamens and pistil included, style pilose, especially below, 

one stigma lobe long, narrowly ovate, flat; capsule slightly to 

noticeably pilosulose, 1-2 cm long, stipitate, slightly beaked; 

seeds about 16, discoid, with a conspicuous entire white 

margin. 

A weedy species naturalized in Ponape and Kusaie, probably 

of southeast Asian or Malesian origin. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: Saputik I., Glassman 2785 

(US, BISH); Kolonia, Takamutsu 804 (BISH); in coastal forest 

between Owa and Kolonia Hatusima 10948 (FU). 

Ruellia sp. 

Ruellia repens sensu Kanehira [non L., Mant, Pl., 1:89, 17671. 

Herb rooting at nodes, stems tomentulose in lines, leaves 

broadly elliptic, acuminate, thin, sparsely puberulent with 

large-based hairs, midrib sparsely strigose, petiole very slender 

1-2 cm long, spike axillary, very shortly pedunculate, about 10 

nodes, rachis strigose; flowers and fruit not available. 

A plant collected on Saipan by Kanehira (940, FU, NY) and 
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

determined by him as R. repens differs in having longer 

petioles, pustulate hairs on leaf midribs, broader, more 

acuminate leaf blades, and shortly pedunculate axillary spikes 

to 10 nodes long, without flowers or fruit. It is obviously 

something else but has not been recollected. The record of 

Ruellia repens, in Kanehira’s Enumeration (1935413-414), is 

based entirely on this collection, so the species should be 

deleted from the recorded flora of Saipan, as was done in our 

Geographic Checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonue 

(1979:259). 

Other unidentified Ruellias have been recorded from 

Micronesia as follows: Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. 

Contr. Bot., 22:40, 1975. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Anatahan: W coast, Falanruw 1702 

(US); Jaluit Atoll, Volkens, 1903:91; Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll 

Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962. 

Thunbergia Retzius 

Thunbergia Retzius, Physiogr. Salsk. Handl., 1(3):163, 1780 [1776] [nom. 

cons.]. 

Herbs or shrubs, frequently climbing; leaves opposite, ovate 

to subreniform or oblong, frequently hastate or cordate, 

ordinarily petiolate; flowers showy, axillary or in terminal 

racemes, each subtended by an involucre of 2 large bracteoles; 

calyx small, ring-like or cup-like, truncate to toothed or lobed; 

corolla large, salverform or funnelform, usually zygomorphic, 

tube variously shaped, limb 5-lobed, abruptly spreading; 

stamens 4, attached low in tube, anthers 2-celled, often 

variously hairy; disk present; ovary with 2 ovules in a locule 

style filiform, stigma dilated and variously bilobed; capsule 

globose or depressed-globose, with a conspicuous erect 

flattened beak; seed 2 in a locule, “semiglobose” excavate on 

axial surface. 

A large genus of the Old World Tropics, with a number of 

widespread cultivated and weedy species, several in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species and Varieties of Thunbergia 

1. 

1. 

Erect shrub, corolla much longer than width of limb ... ......................... T. erecta 

Climbing or twining vines, corolla limb broader than 

length of tube and throat ............... 2 

Herbaceous vine, petiole narrowly winged, bracteoles 

1.5-2 cm long, corolla tube plus throat about 2 cm 

long. .................... T. aluta 

2. Woody vine, petioles not winged, bracteoles 3-4 cm 

long, corolla tube plus throat 4-5 cm long (T 

grandiflora) .................... 3 

2. 

3. Leaves 8-15 cm wide, broadly ovate to orbiculatecordate, usually lobed, lobes angular ....... .......... T. grandiflora var. grandijlora 

3. Leaves 3-7 cm wide, ovate to oblong, acuminate, not 

cordate ....... T. grandijlora var. laurifolia 

Thunbergia aluta Bojer 

Thunbergia data Bojer in Hooker, Exot. FI., 3, t. 177, 1923-7 [Sep 18251; 

Bojer in Sims, Curtis Bot. Mag., 52, pl., 2591, 1825.-Menill, Philip. Joum. 

Sci. Bot., 9:142, 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 414, 1935.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:536, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 53, 1974.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:259, 1979. 

Extensively creeping and twining herbaceous vine, pilose, 

strigose to spreading hairs, internodes tending to be elongate; 

leaves 3-7 x 2-6 cm, broadly ovate or oblong hastate or 

cordate, sometimes slightly angular, apex obtuse, often 

apiculate, upper surface sparsely strigose, lower surface 

densely pilose, spreading to substrigose, sometimes almost 

equally pilose on both surfaces, main veins 5, palmately 

arranged, basal sinus deep, V-shaped, petiole almost or quite as 

long as blade, straight, narrowly but conspicuously alate, 

strap-shaped, almost to curved exalate base; flowers on axillary 

pedicels, 1 or 2 to a node, as long or longer than petioles, 

notably somewhat retrorse pilose; bracteoles 1.5-2 cm long, 

obtuse to acute, apiculate at apex, cordate at base, with parallel 

nerves enwrapping the flower in a cylindric fashion; calyx 

rotate (at least in age) divided almost to base into 10-11 

narrowly triangular somewhat subulate, unequal lobes; corolla 

tube plus throat about 2 m long, throat dilated upward, the limb 

abruptly spreading, to 30-40 mm wide, lobes broadly ovate, 

varying in color from white through cream to orange, rarely 

deep brownish red, orifice of throat in some forms almost 

black; anthers and stigma included; capsule pilose, globose, 

about 1 cm wide, beak stiff, woody, about 1 cm long, valves 

broadly lanceolate, bluntly acute, somewhat spreading. 

A weedy twiner with many color forms (some of which have 

received varietal names), pantropical, said to be of tropical 

African origin, naturalized in Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Memll, 1914: 142; G.E.S. 281 

(US). 

Thunbergia ere& (Bentham) T. Anderson 

Thunbergia erecta (Bentham) T Anderson, Joum. Linn. Soc. Lond., 7:18, 

1864.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:536-537, 1971.-Randall and Tsuda et al., 

Univ. Guam Mar. Lab. Wh. Rept., 12:24, 1974.4ouder. In Guam 

Gardens, 57, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:259, 

1979. 

Meyenia erecta Bentham, Fl. Nigrit., 476, 1849. 

Shrub 1-2 (-2.5) m tall, branched, young internodes 

strongly angled, glabrous, nodes slightly to prominently 
NUMBER 81 41 

woolly; leaves up to 6 (-7) x 2.5 cm, usually much smaller, 

ovate to elliptic or sub-rhombic, apex acuminate, base obtuse to 

rounded or subcordate, puberulent on nerves, glabrate, nerves 

pinnately arranged, 2-4 on each side, network rather obscure 

except when young, petiole about 5 mm long, slightly 

margined; flowers on slender pedicels up to 2.5 cm, somewhat 

dilated distally, axillary on small branchlets; bracteoles broadly 

oblong, obtuse, 2-2.5 cm long, rather early caducous; calyx a 

very low collar with about 10 unequal teeth 0.4-1.5 mm long, 

corolla about 6 cm or less long, tube about 1 cm, slender, throat 

pale without, yellow within elongate campanulate about 4 cm, 

slightly dorsiventrally compressed, slightly ventricose, lobes 

round or broadly ovate, 1.5-2 cm long, spreading deep purple; 

stamens well included, about half the length of the tube and 

throat; fruit not seen probably not set in cultivated clones. 

A West-African species, planted pantropically as an omamental; in Micronesia known from Guam, Ponape, and Nauru. 

Not setting seeds, it does not become naturalized. Its small 

pinnately veined leaves and narrow corolla are distinctive. A 

white-flowered form is known. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: s. l., Nelson 168 (BISH); 

Agana Heights, planted, 50 m, Fosberg 43491 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); Agana, 5 m, Evans 1520 (US, BISH, POM, B); 

Agaiia, cult., Stone 4681 (GUAM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POnape: Agriculture station, planted, 

Fosberg 60436 (US, BISH, POM). 

NAURU ISLAND.-Denigomodu: W side of island, Fosberg 

58700 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bairiki, Raulerson 3763 (US). 

Thunbergia grandijlora (Roxburgh ex Rottler) Roxburgh 

Thunbergia grandi’ora (Roxburgh ex Rottler) Roxburgh in Loddiges, Bot. 

Cab., t. 324, 1819.-Bremekamp, Verh. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., 11, 

50(4):45-47, 1955.-Stone, Micronesica, 6537, 1971.-Souder, In Guam 

Gardens, 53, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:260, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Flemingia grandi’ora Roxburgh ex Rottler, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur., 4:202, 1803. 

Extensive much branched liana, young stems strongly 

angled, glabrous to strongly pilose; leaves opposite, the pairs 

tending to be somewhat unequal, ovate to orbicular cordate, or 

even sub-reniform, usually somewhat hastately or doubly 

hastately lobed, lobes sometimes almost obsolete, to 15 or 

more cm across, slightly hispidulous to glabrate beneath, 

scabrous-hispidulous above, apex and lobes acute to slightly 

acuminate, or obtuse, nerves 5, palmate, petiole straight, up to 

7 cm, glabrous to pilose, thick and curved at base; flowers on 

solitary or paired pedicels in upper axils and in long, pendent 

terminal and axillary racemes or pseudo-racemes, pedicels 3-5 

cm long, usually 2-several at a node in the racemes; bracteoles 

broadly oblong, 3-4 cm long, obtuse, sharply mucronate, 

puberulent and dark glandular-punctate, strongly nerved; calyx 

reduced to a narrow hispidulous collar with an irregular margin, 

lobes obsolete; corolla large, tube narrow, contracted in middle, 

about 8 mm long, throat campanulate, about 4 cm long, 2.5 cm 

wide at top, limb about 7 cm wide, mauve or white, lobes 2.5-3 

cm long, broadly obovate; stamens and pistil included, 

reaching about half or two thirds the length of throat, anther 

7-8 mm long, pilose along margins, spurred at base; stigma 

lobes equal in length but differently shaped; fruit subglobose, 

14 x 13 mm, beak 35 x 6.5 mm, apparently not formed in 

cultivated clones, said to be self-sterile. 

A pan-tropical cultivated ornamental, sometimes persisting 

after cultivation; both color forms, mauve and white, are 

present in Guam. The plant seems to be of Indian origin and in 

Micronesia is known from Guam and Palau. Two varieties, 

often distinguished as species, are found in Micronesia. 

Thunbergia grandijlora (Roxburgh ex Rottler) 

Roxburgh var. grandiflora 

The typical variety, with broad leaves, is known from both 

Guam and Palau. On Guam, at least in the Barrigada area, it 

presents the appearance of being spontaneous in roadside 

thickets, but is doubtless merely persisting from former 

plantings. This colony is of the white-flowered form, and is 

quite conspicuous, climbing over small trees. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Talofofo Village, cult., 90 m, 

Fosberg 35535 (US, BISH); Barrigada Junction, cult., Stone 

4270 (BISH, US, GUAM); Barrigada, 60 m, Evans 1452 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY); Barrigada, Fosberg & Null 59934 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Ngerebe’ed, Fosberg 

50614 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P); road leading to Trust 

Territory entomology lab, 25 m, Evans 602 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L); s. l., Cheatham 134 (US); s. l., Blackburn & Bechesrak 

E 99 (US, BISH). 

Thunbergia grandiflora var. luurifolia (Lindley) Benoist 

Thunbergia grandiflora var. laurifolia (Lindley) Benoist in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. 

Indo-Chine, 4:618, 1935. 

Thunbergia laurifolia Lindley, Gard. Chon., 1856:260, 1856.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6537, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 53, 1974.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:260, 1979. 

Differs from var. grandiflora principally in the narrower, 

3-7 cm wide, ovate to oblong, rarely lobed but frequently very 

coarsely repand-serrate leaves, acuminate at apex, usually 

shorter petioles and more slender, often shorter pedicels, often 

more congested racemes. 

The narrower leaves give a somewhat different aspect to the 

plant, but there is scarcely a break between the two varieties, 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

either in width or margin. The flowers seem practically 

identical. The spurs or horn-like processes on the bases of the 

anthers seem longer in var. laurifolia, but we have not been 

able to confirm the presence of the small spinules at the bases 

of these processes mentioned in some accounts. Because we 

have not seen capsules on either variety we can say nothing of 

the presence or absence of puberulence. 

Var. laurifolia is known in Micronesia only from Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.auam: Mangilao, old nursery site, 65 

m, Fosberg 35643 (US, BISH). 

SYNONYMS AND MISAPPLIED NAMES OF ACANTHACEAE 

Asystasia coromandeliana Nees; see Asystasia gangetica (L.) 

Beloperone Nees; see Justicia L. 

Beloperone guttata Brandegee; see Justicia brandegeana 

Blechum pyramidatum (Lamarck) Urban; see Blechum brownei 

Eranthemum acuminatissimum Miquel; see Pseuderanthemum 

Eranthemum carruthersii Seemann; see Pseuderanthemum 

Eranthemum eldorado (Hort.); see Pseuderanthemum carruthEranthemum laxiflorum Gray; see Pseuderanthemum laxifoEranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R. Brown; see Eranthemum 

Eranthemum reticulatum Bull; see Pseuderanthemum carFlemingia grandiflora Roxburgh ex Rottler; see Thunbergia 

Graptophyllum hortense Nees; see Graptophyllum pictum (L.) 

Gymnostachyum verschaffeltii Lemaire; see Fittonia verschafHemigraphis angustifolia Hallier f. sensu auct.; see HemigraHemigraphis colorata (Blume) Hallier f.; see Hemigraphis 

Hemigraphis pacifica Hosokawa; see Hemigraphis reptans 

Jacobinia Nees ex Moricand; see Justicia L. 

Jacobinia carnea (Lindley) Nicholson; see Justicia carnea 

Jaconinia obtusior (Nees) L.H. Bailey; see Justicia carnea 

Jacobinia spicigeru (Schlechtendal) Bailey; see Justicia spicigT Anderson 

Wasshausen & Smith 

f. puberulum Leonard Jussieu 

acuminatissimum (Miquel) Benoist 

carruthersii (Seemann) Guillaumin 

ersii (Seemann) Guillaumin 

rum (Gray) Hubbard 

pulchellum Andrews 

ruthersii var. reticulatum (Bull) Fosberg 

grandiflora (Roxburgh ex Rottler) Roxburgh 

Griffith 

feltii (Lemaire) E. Coemans 

phis palauana Hosokawa. 

alternata (Burman f.) T Anderson 

(Forster) T Anderson 

Lindley 

Lindley 

era Schlechtendal 

Justicia callistachya Schlechtendal & Chamisso; see Odontonema callistachyum (Schlechtendal & Chamisso) 0. 

Kuntze 

Justicia fulvicoma Schlechtendal & Chamisso sensu auct.; see 

Justicia brandegeana Wasshausen & Smith 

Justicia gangetica L.; see Asystasia gangetica (L.) T Anderson 

Justicia infundibuliformis L.; see Crossandra infundibuliJusticia paniculata Burmann f.; see Andrographis paniculata 

Justicia picta L.; see Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Grifith 

Justicia tetragona Vahl; see Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees 

Odontonema nitidum (Jacquin) 0. Kuntze; see Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum (Bull) Fosberg for 

Guam record 

Odonetema strictum (Nees) 0. Kuntze; see Odontonema 

callistachyum (Schlechtendal & Chamisso) 0. Kuntze 

Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Bull) Radlkofer; see 

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum (Bull) 

Fosberg 

Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlkofer; see Pseuderanthemum laxiforum (Gray) Hubbard 

Pseuderanthemum eldorado (Hort.) Radlkofer; see Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seemann) Guillaumin 

Pseuderanthemum jaluitense Lindau; see Pseuderanthemum 

carruthersii var. atropurpureum (Bull) Fosberg 

Pseuderanthemum reticulatum (Hort.) Kanehira sensu Taylor; 

see Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seemann) Guillaumin 

Ruellia alternata Burmann f.; see Hemigraphis alternata 

(Burmann f.) T Anderson 

Ruelliafragrans Forster f. 

formis (L.) R. Brown 

(Burman f.) Wallich ex Nees 

MYOPORACE AE 

Small trees and shrubs, leaves alternate, exstipulate; flowers 

axillary, solitary or fasciculate, bisexual, calyx deeply cut into 

4-6 sepals, corolla 4-6 lobed, somewhat zygomorphic to 

nearly actinomorphic, stamens fewer than corolla lobes, 

attached in corolla tube, ovary 2-4 locular, ovules 1-4 in a 

locule, style 1, fruit a drupe. 

A small tropical family, mainly Australian, with one West 

Indian and one widespread Pacific island genus, Myoporum, 

with one species in the Marianas. 

Myoporum Solander ex Forster f. 

Myoporum Solander ex Forster f., F’rodr., 44, 1786. 

Leaves elliptic to obovate, lanceolate or spatulate, glanddotted, calyx 4-5 parted, corolla 4-5 lobed; stamens 4; style 1, 

ovary 2 or 6-loculed, ovules 1-2 in a cell, fruit a drupe, 

endocarp with 2-6 cells. 

An Indo-Pacific genus, centered in Australia, with one 

Micronesian species. 
NUMBER 81 43 

Myoporum boninense Koidzumi 

Myoporum boninense Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 32:53-54, 1918.- 

Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 22:40, 1975.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:260, 1979. 

Myoporum tenuifolium sensu auct. Micr. [non Forster f., Prodr., 44, 

1786].-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 352, 1933; Enum. Micr. Pl., 414, 1935; Bot. 

Mag. Tokyo, 50:607, 1936.-Tuyama, Journ. Jap. Bot., 14812, 1938. 

Myoporwn latronum Tuyama in sched. ex Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 33:214, 1943. 

Myoporum papuanum sensu Bloemberg, Fl. Males., I, 4:265, 1951 [pro min. 

parte; non Kraenzlin in Fedde, Repert., 22:238, 19261. 

Glabrous shrub, to 1.5 m tall, usually lower, prostrate in 

exposed places, branchlets finely punctate, leaves scattered, 

fleshy, narrowly obovate, at most 5 x 1.5 cm, apex rounded to 

acutish or slightly short acuminate, base attenuate-cuneate into 

a short petiole, obscurely serrate toward apex, obsurely 

punctate glandular on both sides, rugulose when dry; flowers 

on axillary pedicels about 1 cm long, 1-3 in an axil, sepals 

ovate, acute, to only slightly acuminate, not ciliolate, tending to 

be somewhat concave or inrolled, somewhat puncticulate, 1.5 

mm long, corolla campanulate, 3 mm long, 6 mm wide when 

fully mature, when lobes are not reflexed the whole corolla may 

be 4-5 mm long, lobes 5, ovate-rounded, throat glabrous at 

base, white, somewhat punctate, stamens 4, inserted near base 

of corolla, included, anthers orbicular-horseshoe shaped; style 

about 2 mm long, stigma sub-trilobate; fruit globose about 4 

mm across, dark purplish red when ripe, stone depressed 

globose, about 3 mm wide, acuminate at top, at base, with 4 

keels from center of base about 2/3 the way to the summit, 

intervals between keels convex. 

This has been referred to the New Caledonian M. tenuifolium 

Forster f. by some earlier writers. It is indeed closely allied to 

that species. It differs in leaves being obovate, tending to be 

obtuse and fleshy, with venation not obvious when dry, rather 

than elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, and in the acute inrolled 

glabrous sepals rather than acuminate flat ciliolate ones. These 

differences are not very impressive, but in a genus as difficult 

as Myoporum these species seem about as well separated as 

most. Together with the great geographic separation the 

differences seem to justify recognition of the Bonin-Marianas 

plant as a distinct species. 

In the Marianas it is found on Pagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, 

and Guam, on low cliff tops above the ocean, at least usually on 

limestone. The Moore 477 collection is the first record from 

Guam. The species was originally described from Chichi Jima, 

in the Bonin Islands. In the Mananas it is not common, but may 

be found especially on terraces and cliff tops facing the sea at 

rather low elevations. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Pagan: Cliff above shore, 4 m, 

Anderson 600 (US, BISH, POM). 

Saipan: Hatusima 10686 (FU); Stephens 57 (POM); S side of 

Kagman Peninsula, W of Kagman Pt., 30 m, Fosberg 31295 

(US, BISH); Marpi Pt., 30 m, Fosberg 31330 (US, BISH). 

Tinian: Kanehira 1071 (FU); Okatani 27 (FU); Hosokawa 

7736 (US, BISH, A, UC); terrace on SE coast of island NE of 

Carolinas Pt., 60-80 m, Fosberg 24841 (US, BISH); W coast, 

50 ft [I5 m], Hosaka 2872 (US, BISH). 

Rota: Kanehira 1819 (FU, US), 3605 (FU), 3604 (A); West 

Dock, 5-25 m, Evans 2142 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Dugi 

District, 10 m, Herbst cft Falanruw 6764 (US); road inland 

from Matmos, Raulerson 11280 (US). 

Guam: Pati Pt., outer edge of middle terrace, Moore 477 

(US). 

PLANTAGINACEAE 

Herbs or rarely shrubs; leaves simple, usually in basal 

rosettes or rarely, in caulescent species, in rosettes at tip of 

branches, leaf-bases frequently broad and tending to be 

sheathing, main veins longitudinal; flowers in scape-like 

bracteate spikes or subcapitate; sepals 4, united at least below; 

corolla united, scarious or membranous, usually 4-lobed; 

stamens usually 4, often exserted; style 1, bifid, ovary superior, 

1-4-loculed, placentation mile or basal, ovules l-several in a 

locule; fruit a circumscissile capsule or rarely nut-like, seeds 

few. 

A small family of three genera, cosmopolitan, predominantly 

temperate, largest genus Plantago. 

Pliantago L. 

Planlago L., Sp. PI., 112, 1753: Gen. PI., ed 5, 52, 1754 [I7531 

Characters of the family, fruit a usually 2-celled, dehiscent 

capsule, circumscissile, few (to 20) seeded, seeds often 

mucilaginous. 

Perhaps 200 species, temperate and subtropical, in tropics, 

mostly in mountains. One species found in Micronesia. 

Plantago mjor L. 

Planlago major L., Sp. Pl., 112, 1753.-Foskrg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:260, 1979. 

Acaulescent herb, leaves roughish puberulent, petiolate, 

blade elliptic to ovate or somewhat cordate, with a few strong 

ribs, margin subentire to irregularly dentate, broad petiole; 

spike pedunculate, slender, 4-10 (-15) cm long, tip bluntish, 

capsules ovoid, circumscissile near middle, cells severalseeded. 

A practically cosmopolitan weed, collected twice in Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Playing field (baseball) at 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: 0-4 m, Fosberg 48060 

NCS, NW Guam, Raulerson 1894 (US). 

(US, BISH). 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

RUBIACEAE 

Habit various; leaves simple, almost always entire, opposite 

or rarely whorled, with interpetiolar (very rarely intra-petiolar) 

stipules; flowers usually cymose or thyrsoid, less often solitary 

or racemose, rarely spicate; calyx and corolla epigynous, 

corolla gamopetalous, rotate to tubular, usually actinomorphic, 

very rarely zygomorphic, limb usually 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6 or 

more parted, stamens alternate with corolla lobes, usually 

inserted on the corolla tube below the sinuses, anthers sessile or 

on short filaments (rarely long), dehiscing by longitudinal slits, 

flowers perfect or variously polygamous or more rarely 

dioecious, often heterostylous; ovary usually inferior, 2, or 

rarely more, celled, ovules one to many in a cell, on axile 

placentae, style with 2 or rarely more stigmatic branches or 

lobes, or entire; fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule, rarely 

indehiscent and nut-like or a schizocarp; seed with endosperm, 

a thin testa or none. 

A practically cosmopolitan family of many thousand 

species, mostly tropical, and an important element of the flora 

and vegetation of Micronesia. 28 genera, 21 of them native, are 

found in these islands. They may be separated by the following 

key. 

Key to Micronesian Genera of Rubiaceae 

1. Epiphytic herbs or subshrubs with stems emanating from a tuber-like mass, permeated with galleries 

inhabited by ants ..................................... Hydnophytum 

1. Usually not epiphytic, mostly shrubs or small trees, without tubers or symbiotic ants .......... 2 

2. Scrambling shrubs with globose heads of flowers and conspicuous strongly recurved stipular spines 

................................................. Uncaria 

2. Not as above, if flowers capitate or glomerate, spines lacking ..................... 3 

3. Plants with rhaphid bundles showing as short white marks on the surface of at least some organs, 

corolla aestivation valvate .................................... .4 

4. Plants clearly woody, erect or diffuse shrubs or trees, rarely climbing .............. 5 

5. Ovary with several to many ovules or seeds in a cell ..................... 6 

6. Flowers with corolla tetramerous, fruit capsular. .................. Hedyotis 

6. Flowers with corolla pentamerous, involucrate with white bracts, fruit fleshy or leathery 

5. Ovary with a single ovule or seed in a cell ........................... 7 

7. Flowers and fruits aggregated into fused syncarps ................. Monnda 

7. Flowers free, paniculate, cymose, fasciculate or rarely solitary, fruit drupaceous with 2 

pyrenes ..................................... Psychotria 

4. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, woody only toward base. .................. 8 

Stems prostrate, running and rooting at nodes or underground. ................ 9 

9. Prostrate stems subterranean, with swellings (Micronesian planted species only), branches 

erect, stipules pectinate, flowers and fruits in a terminal involucrate head ... Cephaelis 

9. Prostrate stems lying on ground, stipules not pectinate .................. 10 

Delicate mat-like plant, leaves not at all cordate, flowers solitary, axillary, sessile, corolla 

Coarser elongate plant, leaves strongly cordate, flowers on erect peduncles or branches, one 

or more involucrate, glomerate, fruit a red drupe with 2 stones, one seed in a stone . . 

........................................... Mycetia 

8. 

10. 

10. 

lobes dentate, fruit a very thin-walled indehiscent capsule, seeds many .... Dentella 

......................................... Geophila 

8. Stems erect or diffuse, if prostrate not conspicuously rooting at nodes ............ 11 

11. 

11. 

Flowers and fruits in dichotomous, secund, strongly flattened cymes, bracts filiform or 

subulate, corollas slender, tubular or tubular-funnelform ........... Ophwrrhiza 

Inflorescences and flowers otherwise ............................ 12 

12. Flowers pentamerous, in corymbiform cymose clusters ................. 13 

13. Erect suffruticose herbs .............................. Pentas 

13. Vigorous, ill-scented climbers ......................... Paederia 
NUMBER 81 45 

12. Flowers quadrimerous, variously disposed ........................ 14 

Ovules and seeds several to many in an ovary locule ............. Hedyotis 

Ovule and seed one in an ovary locule ........................ 15 

Capsule circumscissile, seed with ventral groove cruciform ...... Mitracurpus 

Capsule septicidal and loculicidal, seed with linear or elliptic ventral groove .... ..................................... Spermacoce 

Plants lacking rhaphid bundles, corolla aestivation generally imbricate (or induplicate, rarely valvate) 

.................................................. 16 

Lianas or elongate scramblers .................................. 17 

Flowers in many-flowered globose heads, stipular spines present ........... Uncariu 

Flowers separated or in very few flowered heads or in syncarps ........ Gynochthodes 

18. Flowers separate or fused as a syncarp, few flowered ............. Gynochthodes 

18. Flowers in globose, many-flowered heads ...................... Morinda 

16. Shrubs or trees. ......................................... 19 

19. Flowers in heads with ovaries fused, fruit a fleshy syncarp .............. Morinda 

19. Flowers separate or solitary .................................. 20 

Flowers solitary, or peduncles 3-flowered, or few-flowered dichasia ........... 21 

21. Corolla lobes linear, less than 1 cm long, tube sericeous, calyx with small lobes or 

subtruncate, without vertical appendages ................... Timonius 

21. Corolla lobes expanded, narrowly oblong, obovate or lanceolate, and then pointed, tube 

glabrous ........................................ 22 

22. Calyx lobes with conspicuous vertical, laterally flattened, green appendages (in 

Micronesian species) ............................ Gardenia 

22. Calyx truncate or margin very obscurely dentate, not appendaged ....... Trukia 

20. Flowers fasciculate to usually cymose or paniculate .................... 23 

23. Inflorescences terminal .................................. 24 

24. Flowers usually tetramerous ............................ Ixoru 

24. Flowers pentamerous ................................. -25 

14. 

14. 

15. 

15. 

3. 

16. 

17. 

17. 

20. 

25. Stipules bifid at tips, calyx in at least 1 or a few flowers with at least one large 

expanded leaf-like showy lobe, fruit baccate ............. Mussaenda 

25. Stipules entire, calyx lobes equal .......................... 26 

26. Flowers and hits many, paniculate-thyrsoid, corolla lobes notably ciliate, fruit 

26. Flowers either in loose or congested, few-flowered cymes, or many-flowered 

corymbifonn cymose panicles, fruit baccate or drupaceous ......... 27 

27. Inflorescences few- flowered, irregularly several times branched ...... 28 

28. Cyme once or twice dichotomous or reduced and fasciculate, buds with limb 

tapering to a fine point ....................... Trukia 

28. Cyme loose, few-flowered, buds moderately pointed .......... Aidia 

Inflorescences many- flowered, flat or low-round topped, corolla clavate in bud, 

at least slightly puberulent externally, pilose within, hit drupaceous, stones 

Inflorescences axillary or pseudoaxillary ........................ .29 

29. Flowers in pedunculate heads, their ovaries fused, fruits fleshy syncarps ... Morinda 

29. Flowers in cymes, these often much reduced ..................... 30 

Cymes thyrsoid, long- pedunculate, flower in bud to 3 cm long, fruit a fusiform 

Cymes open branched, dichasioid, but flowers not crowded. ........... 31 

3 1. Cyme dichotomous or dichasioid ........................ .32 

32. 

32. Stipules triangular or ovate, or sheathing at base and acuminate ....... 33 

capsular ................................ Cinchona 

27. 

2, multi-spermous .......................... Tarenna 

23. 

30. 

30. 

capsule ................................... Badusa 

Stipules sheathing, subtruncate ................... Scyphiphora 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

33. Stipules ovate or triangular, corolla tube shorter than lobes, drupes 2-loculed, 

1 seed in a locule ........................ Canthium 

33. Stipules sheathing, corolla tube longer than, or at least equal to lobes, flowers 

dioeceous, fruit with many pyrenes, one seed in each . , . . , . Timonius 

31. Cymes contracted, pedunculate or peduncles very short or suppressed, flowers 

crowded. .................................... .34 

34. Cymes dichasioid, pedunculate, flowers crowded, secund, open one at a time, 

corolla hypocrateriform, 2 or more cm long, lobes oblong with crispate thin 

margins ................................ Guettarda 

34. Cymes much contracted, peduncle short or obsolete, flowers not secund, few 

......................................... 35 

35. Peduncles short, stiff, pedicels 1-several, calyx lobes stiff, laterally compressed, 

corolla several or more cm long, corolla lobes valvate, capsule stiff, 

several cm long, valves diverging, bifid at apex, seeds many, horizontal 

..................................... Bikkia 

35. Cymes reduced, peduncles slender to 1 cm or less, or suppressed, flowers with 

short corolla tube .............................. 36 

36 Corolla lobes 5-6, showy, 1 cm or more long, longer than tube, calyx much 

36. Corolla lobes oblong, spreading, 5 mm or less long, not showy, drupe obovate 

reduced, drupe cylindric, bright red, endocarp thin ......... Coffea 

to somewhat obcordate, endocarp hard ............. Canthium 

Aidia Loureiro Marshalls and northern Gilberts, but not recorded from the 

Caroline atolls. 

Aidia Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch., 143, 1790. 

Randia [Houst] L., Gen. Pl., 74, 1754 [1753]; Sp. PI., 1192, 1753 [pro parte 

excl. type].--Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:301, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. PI. 

Micr., 424, 1935. 

Erect shrubs or small trees, branches sterile and fertile; 

leaves subcoriaceous; stipules small, triangular-acuminate, 

caducous; cymes congested to loose, once to several times 

branched, terminal but becoming pseudo-axillary or pseudoleaf-opposed by appearance of a branch at terminal node, 

usually occumng at alternate nodes or every third node on 

fertile branches, bracts small and scale-like; calyx a collar or 

cup with 5 dentiform lobes; corolla hypocrateriform, lobes 5, 

imbricate and somewhat sinistrorsely contorted; anthers exserted from sinuses of corolla and deflexed, linear; stigma 

tardily exserted, ovary cells 2, placentas attached to septum, 

enlarging in fruit, ovules few to many; fruit baccate, globose, 

5-10 mm dim, with thin flesh; seed angular rather few in a 

cell, embedded in fleshy placentae. 

A genus of a few (to many ?) species, extending from Africa 

to the Pacific Islands, often considered a part of Randia sensu 

lato. One species native in Micronesia. 

A common lowland tree from southeast Asia and Malesia 

eastward throughout most of the western Pacific Islands and at 

least as far east as the Society Islands. In Micronesia on 

practically all high islands and the atolls of the southern 

Aidia cochinchinensis Loureiro 

Aidia cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch., 143, 1790.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:260, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 

40, 1980.-Fosberg et al., Micronesia, 16:213, 1980 [1981]. 

Randia densflora (Wallich) Bentham, Fl. Hongkongensis, 155-156, 1861.- 

Guillaumin, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 99:40, 1952. 

Randia racemosa (Cavanilles) F. Villars, Navis., App., 108, 1880.-Memll, 

Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9:149, 1914.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:330, 

1930.4e la Corte, Guam Recorder, 159, 1926.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 375, 

1933; Enum. Micr. Pl., 424, 1935.4kabe. Journ. Jap. For. Soc., 23:270, 

1941; Nankyo, 2:21, 1943.4e la Corte, Guam Recorder, 11,2(4):15,1972. 

Aidia racemosa (Cavanilles) Tirvengadum, Nordic Journ. Bot., 3:455, 1983. 

Randia graeffei Reinecke, Bot. Jahrb., 24683, 1897.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 

31:475, 1901.-Prowazek, Deutschen Marianen, 120, 1913. 

Randia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Memll, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans., 24:265, 

1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15216, 1940.-Glassman, Bish. 

Mus. Bull., 209:96, 1952.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:36, 

1962.Stone. Micronesica, 6558-559, 1971.--Souder, In Guam Gardens, 

61, 1974.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot, 22:41, 

1975.-Moore and McMakin, Plants of Guam, 43, 1979. 

Tree, glabrous; leaves elliptic to somewhat oblong or ovate, 

up to 16 x 7 cm, stiff chartaceous to subcoriaceous, apex 

acuminate, base acute, slightly attenuate, 6-7 main veins on a 

side, some smaller ones, network obscure, petiole 10-15 mm 

long; stipules broadly triangular, sharply and abruptly subulateacuminate, early caducous; cymes axillary, one at a node, 
NUMBER 81 47 

possibly sometimes terminal and becoming axillary, irregular 

(2-) 3-5 times branched, branches and pedicels subtended by 

scale-like bracts, ultimate branches either ending in a triad of 

pedicellate flowers or proliferating and elongating, leaving 

naked pseudo-rhachises with scale-like bracts and occasional 

fruits, flowers pedicellate, hypanthum glabrous, narrow to 

cup-shaped, crowned by a spreading to funnelform calyx collar, 

minutely denticulate, corolla white with a short tube, 3-5 mm 

long, lobes 5, narrowly oblong, reflexed, apex rounded, 

mucronate or not, throat stiffly bearded; anthers completely 

exserted, linear, 9-10 mm long, tending to twist distally; 

stigma and part of glabrous style exserted, stigma about 1 cm 

long, tending to be curved, somewhat thickened, not bifid, apex 

bluntish-pointed; fruit red to black, pea-like, crowned with 

persistent calyx collar. Seeds not very numerous, embedded in 

pulp, irregularly angular, angles tending to be thin and 

w ing-1 ike. 

Tirvengadum (pers. comm., 1988) considers the Pacific 

Islands Aidia populations to be distinct from those of Vietnam, 

and proposes to use the name Aidia racemosa (Cavanillas) 

Tirvengadum for the Pacific plant. Comparison of a series of 

Pacific and especially Micronesian specimens with a series of 

Asian ones, including some from Indo-China reveals a wide 

variability in both series, but much overlap and no consistent 

differences. Until a more convincing contrast is made, we 

continue to use Aidia cochinchinensis in the present very broad 

sense. 

Occasional or locally common in low to mid-elevation forest 

on high islands and wet atolls in Micronesia. 

USES.-Used for framework of roofs of native houses (de la 

Corte, Guam Recorder, 1972). Used against fever (Marianas, 

Fritz cited by Prowazek, 1913). Syphilis: Decoction of young 

leaves of “kelmusu” is taken like tea (Palau: Okabe, 1941). 

Beverage: Decoction of leaves is taken like tea (Palau: Okabe, 

1941, 1943). Tuberculosis: Bark of “gasmatz,” “kureuebuh” 

(skin of betelnut) and young sprouts of “buh” (Areca or 

Schizostachym lima ?) are crushed together, and taken with 

coconut milk (Yap: Okabe, 1943). “Used for namot tinino” a 

kind of sickness.” (Source unknown.) 

chumag (Marianas: Prowazek, 1913) 

smak (Saipan: Rota: Kanehira, 1933) 

snak (Saipan: Kanehira, 1935) 

suma (Agiguan: Kondo s. n. in 1952) 

sumac (Guam: de la Corte, 1926; Memll, 1914; Guam 

sumak amor (Guam: Evans 1806; Whiting S6) 

gulmus (Palau: Kanehira, 1933) 

kelmusu (Palau: Okabe, 1941) 

kerms (Palau: Okabe, 1943) 

kerumes (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

Recorder, 1972; Marche 145; Guam, Evans 1762) 

kerums (Palau: Owen 26) 

krumes (Palau: Owen 9; Otobed, ms., 1967) 

gasmatz (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

gathomatsch (Yap: Prowazek, 1913) 

kahmant (Ponape: Kanehira, 1935) 

katchwel (Ponape: Kanehira, 1933) 

kent’mant or ken mant (Ponape: Riesenberg 66) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Pagan: Isthmus, Anderson 539 (US), 

Anderson 506 (US, BISH, POM, L, P, TI, NY). 

Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31673 (US, 

BISH, POM); Anderson 422 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Saipan: Kagman Peninsula, 120 m, Fosberg 50540 (US, 

BISH, POM); Hosokawa 6668 (US); N of Mt. Marpi, N end of 

island, Fosberg 25222 (US, BISH, POM, L, NY, P); Marche 10 

(P, POM); Hosokawa 6625 (BISH, US); Fritz s. n. in 1903 

(BISH); Kanehira 43 (BISH). 

Tinian: Kanehira 1047 (P); Kanehira 2260 (US); Kanehira 

61 (BISH); dry cliff, Cowan s. n. in 1945 (BISH); Marpo Valley 

E of Tinian (former town) SE part of island, 60 m, Fosberg 

2481 1 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Tinian (former town), SW coast 

of island, 3-30 m, Fosberg 24760 (US, BISH, POM, NY); N 

end, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka 2841 (US, BISH); above Carolinas 

(Lolo) Pt., S end of island, 80 m, Fosberg 24718 (US, BISH, 

POM). 

Agiguan: Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH, 2 sheets); W Pt., 200 ft 

[60 m] Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); N side, Kondo & Owen s. 

n. in 1952 (BISH). 

Rota: Taipinkoto, Hosokawa 7662 (BISH, US), 7882 (US); 

beach road, 10 ft [3 m] Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); airstrip N 

of Shinapaaru, 180 m, Fosberg 25160 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); between airstrip and northernmost part of island, 150-250 

m, Evans 21 73 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P, TI); S of Shinapari 

(airstrip), 180 m, Fosberg 31829 (US, BISH, POM, NY); road 

along N coast, NE of Songsong village, 5-10 m, Sachet 1780 

(US); road along N shore, well inland from Puntan Batco, 10 m, 

Sachet 1765 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P, TI); NW coast road, 

near Tatachog Pt., 3-4 m, Fosberg with Moore 58290 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L); S of Dugi, Stone 5193 s. l., P.H. Moore 

154 (GUAM); between As Matmos upper cliffline and Dugi, 

Raulerson 19145 (US). 

Guam: Memll, 1914:149; G.E.S. 6 (K, BISH, US); Uruno 

Pt., Moore 1002 (GUAM), Moran 4505 (US, BISH, POM, 

US); s. l., Marche 145 (P, POM); Guerrero 746 (BISH), 735 

(BISH); Yigo, Whitinq S6 (US); Ritidian Pt., Anderson 207 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); plateau NE of Mt. Santa Rosa, 

Fosberg 35524 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P); Tumon Bay. 

Hosaka 3051 (US, BISH, POM); Nelson 358 (US); road in to 

Two Lovers’ Pt., Rinehart LR 14108 (US); Ritidian Pt., Necker 

370 (US); 1 mi [ 1.6 km] E of Banigada, 400-600 ft [ 120-180 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ml, Moore 52 (US); Harmon Field near Harmon village, Stone 

4275 (GUAM); Asdonlucas, near Yigo, Stone 4256 (GUAM); 

plateau above Anao, Moore 1249 (US); W side of Bamgada 

Hill, Stone 4506 (GUAM); falls of the N branch of the Inarajan 

River, Stone 5054 (GUAM); Haputo Pt., Moore 466 (GUAM); 

Paget upper terrace, Moore 58 (GUAM); Paget Plateau, near 

edge of cliff, Moore 537 (GUAM, 2 sheets); Inhuna, 180 m, 

Evans 1762 (US, BISH); Taguac, 110 m, Evans 1806 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Limestone island, Durton 99 

(US, BISH, POM); 70 Islands # 6, Rinehart (Raulerson’s) 

16961 (US); Ngaruangl: Owen 9 (US). Babeldaob: Arukodorokkuru, Takamatsu 1152,1139, 1132 (BISH). Koror: Gatulelto, Ailai-son, Hosokawa 7336 (BISH); north section, 10 ft 13 

m], Hosaka 3377 (US, BISH, POM, NY). Owen 26 (US); 

Kanehira 1913 (US); limestone rock island, Iwayama Bay, 

Salsedo 430 (US, GUAM); Ledermann 14067 (B), 14310 (B), 

14158 (B);. Negenneyaus I., S Koror Munic., S end of island, 

2 m, Canjield 653 (US). Olopshacal [= Aulupse’el], Takamatsu 

1471 (US, BISH); Oropusyakaru-to (S of Koror) Hosokawa 

7445 (BISH, US); 1483 (BISH). Ngarakabesan: Takamatsu 

1253 (BISH). Malakal: 100 m, Fosberg 47514 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L, TI). Aulupse’el: Risong, Metuker Bay, S side of 

island, Fosberg 47534 (US, BISH, POM, NY, P, TI); 

Ngerebe’ed Beach, 2-10 m, Evans 591 (US, BISH, POM); 

Fosberg 47472 (US, BISH). Urukthapel: SW peninsula, on N 

coast, 1-10 m, Fosberg 32192 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P); 50 

m, Canjield 465 (US); S side of SW peninsula, 10 m, Fosberg 

32238 (US, BISH, POM); Todaisan, Hosokawa 7507 (BISH). 

Aulong (rock island): Salsedo 19 (US). Ngeanges: 1 m, 

Fosberg 25822 (US); 2-25 m, Fosberg 25853 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); Ng’edobel I., N of Eil Malk I., Fosberg 50569 

(US, BISH, POM), 50572 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Aumasuku I., Hobdy 1484 (BISH). Peleliu: E side of island, 

“Purple Beach,” 0-2 m, Fosberg 25988 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L). 70 Islands: Bkulomekerall (13) Island, 10 m, Rinehart LR 

16626 (US); 5 m, Raulerson 16567 (US); west beach, 3 m, 

Raulerson 16602 (US). Angaur: NW comer of island, 40 m, 

Fosberg 25946 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); midway between 

Lakes A and D, 10 m, Canjield 206 (US); S part of W side of 

island, 3-5 m, Fosberg 32003 (US, BISH, POM, MO); just W 

of airstrip, 4 m, Canfield 251 (US); Ngerenail Island, Owen 9 

(US); Ngerchong Island, along path running E across N half of 

island, 5 m, Canjield 548 (US). 

Yap: Volkens 502 (BISH); channel NW Gagil Distr., 

Stemmermann 3202 (BISH); N end of Gagil Dist., Maki, 2-5 

m, Fosberg 25591 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Fanif, Weloy, 

Falanruw 3455 (US); near Makiy, N end of Gagil Mun., 

Fosberg 60146~ (US, BISH); Gorror I., central plateau, 100 ft 

[30 m] Hosaka 3305 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Fais: Inland from S side of island, 15 m, Fosberg 46699 (US, 

BISH, POM, L, NY). 

Ponape: Riesenberg 66 (BISH); Ledermann 13492 (B); 

Taman, Takamatsu 877 (BISH). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.--~O: Am0 I., interior, Stone 1055 

(POM, US); Ine I., Anderson 3714 (US, POM, BISH); Am0 I., 

Anderson 3762 (US, POM, BISH); Am0 I., Hatheway 800 (US, 

BISH, POM). 

Jaluit: Okabe, 194 1 :270. 

NAURU ISLAND.-Nibok, Burges K9 (K, 2 sheets). 

BANABA ISLAND.-Rhone 9 (NSW); Carala Ib (P). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.~UillaUmin, 1952:40. Catala 1 (P). 

Badusa A. Gray 

Badusa A. Gray, Roc. Amer. Acad., 9:308, 1860.-Danvin, Allertonia, 2:21, 

1979.-Ridsdale, Blumea, 28:145-150.1982. 

Shrubs and small trees, essentially glabrous; leaves opposite, 

generally elliptic or nearly so; stipules forming a low 

fimbriate-ciliate collar, adnate at base to petiole bases; flowers 

borne in corymbifom pedunculate thyrses in upper leaf axils, 

a pair of reduced leaves at first node, small scale-like bracts 

with minutely fimbriate margins, subtending thyrse-branches 

and pedicels, hypanthium fusiform, calyx cup-like with 5 teeth 

or lobes; corolla in bud very narrowly clavate or almost 

cylindric, limb slightly broader than tube, blunt, lobes 5, in 

aestivation imbricate, almost imperceptibly or not at all 

contorted (though originally described as “contortoimbricatis”), one lobe outside, lobes linear-oblong, more or less 

equalling tube, spreading, white; stamens prominently exserted; stigma small, appearing subcapitate but composed of 2 

coherent lobes; capsule fusiform, crowned by the persistent 

calyx, septicidally dehiscent, fruiting pedicels tending to be 

recurved; seeds many, irregularly angular in outline, strongly 

compressed, slightly and irregularly winged, surface bullatecellular. 

A genus of 3 or 4 species native to Tonga, Fiji, Melanesia, 

the Philippines, and Palau. Related to, or at least resembling 

Exosrema of the Caribbean area. 

Badusa palauensis Valeton 

Badusa palauensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 633299-300, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. 

Micr., 354, 1933.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:213, 1940.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:261, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 40, 1980.-Ridsdale, Blumea, 28:147, 1982. 

Glabrous shrub or small tree, internodes mostly short, leaves 

broadly elliptic to oblong or oval, up to 16.5 x 8.5 cm, usually 

much smaller, apex rounded to obtuse, often shortly pointed, 

base acute or very slightly decurrent on petiole, principal veins 

usually 10 or 11 on a side, network rather obscure, petioles 1-3 

mm thick; stipular collar up to 5 mm or more high, with a 

triangular lobe or a small tooth on each side, or almost truncate; 

thyrses in upper axils or on short branches in upper axils, these 

branches with reduced leaves, peduncles up to 7 cm long, stiff, 
NUMBER 81 49 

thyrse with 2 principal internodes and a pedicellate terminal 

flower, each branch with 2 internodes and a pedicellate 

terminal flower, branching slightly irregular, reduced bracts 

and their stipules at nodes, bracts triangular subulate, both 

bracts and stipules strongly and stiffly fimbriate-ciliate, 

hypanthium about 5 mm long, contracted slightly above, calyx 

abruptly larger, about 1 mm high, with 5 subulate teeth about 

2.3 mm long, margins scabrous-ciliate, inner surface tomentulose; corolla white, magenta at base, in bud up to 3 cm long, 

tube 10-12 mm, limb narrowly cylindric-clavate, lobes longer, 

at anthesis spreading, strap-shaped, recurved-curling in age; 

anthers linear exserted, style subequal with filaments; capsule 

narrowly ellipsoid to clavate, 10-12 mm long, valves slightly 

spreading distally after dehiscence; seeds about 2 mm long, 

compressed narrowly and irregularly cuneate light brown, with 

a pale irregularly bidentate wing at apex. 

Found in forest and scrub on limestone, apparently endemic 

to Palau. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.-ralm? (Fosberg et al., 1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Kanehira 2478 (P, K); Ledermann 14099~ (B); Kanehira 1856 (US). Babeldaob: Gatulel-to, 

Ailai-son, Hosokawa 7340 (BISH, A, US). 70 Islands, Island 

15, Raulerson 1676 (US); Ngerukeued I., 70 Islands, Raulerson 

16962. Koror: 10-100 m, Ledermann 14150 (B, syntype); 

limestone islands “east of town,” Hobdy 1519 (Bish); Coral I., 

Kanehira 216 (BISH), 2406 (US); Oropsyakal-tio, Hosokawa 

7457 (BISH, A); Olopshacal [= Aulupse’el], Takamatsu 1490 

(US, BISH); Mecherechan I., Orobed P-10123 (US); limestone 

islet, Dutton 109 (US, BISH, POM); Ngelobel I., S. Koror 

Munic., NW side of island, 1 m, Canfield 668 (US); 

Arukodorokkuru, Takamatsu 1155 (BISH); Kaiguru, Takamarsu 1601 (BISH); in insulis in Sinu Iwayama, Tuyama 9359 

(K). 

Bikkia Reinwardt 

Bikkia Reinwardt in Hornschuch, Sylloge P1. Nov., 2:8, 1825 [nom. 

cons.].-Darwin, Allertonia, 2:23, 1979. 

Cormigonus Rafinesque, Ann. Gen. Sc. Phys., 6:83, 1820. 

Porrlandia sensu auct. Pacific, non P. Brown. 

Shrubs, leaves leathery, obovate, stipules connate and adnate 

to petioles; flowers 1-several on stout axillary peduncles, 

tetramerous, calyx short, cup-like with 4 strong pointed lobes; 

corolla large, funnelform the limb in bud strongly 4-angled; 

stamens free to base, anthers linear, exserted; style elongate, 

upper part stigmatic in two long lines, ovary cylindric, 

placentae axile, attached lengthwise from top to bottom, ovules 

numerous; fruit a heavy capsule, subcylindric with 8 strong 

costae, dehiscing septicidally, then the apices of valves 

splitting somewhat loculicidally, the valves remaining surrounded by the loose heavy costae; seeds many horizontally 

arranged, porrect from placentae. 

New Caledonia, with 2 Micronesian species. 

A small Indo-Pacific or Western Pacific genus centering in 

Key to Micronesian Species of Bikkia 

Leaves with about 4 or 5 principal veins on a side, peduncles 

5-20 mm long, calyx lobes incurved, 3-8 mm long, corolla 

tube about 5-8 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . B. telrandra 

Leaves with about 9-10 principal veins on a side, peduncles 

about 3 mm long, calyx lobes erect, about 1-2 cm long, 

corolla tube 10-14 cm long . . . . . . . . . B. palauensis 

Bikkio palauensis Valeton 

Bikkia palauensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:288, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 

354, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 415, 1936.-Hosokawa in Yamamoto et al., 

Mat. for Study of Fl. Form. and Micr. Pl., 38, 1936.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. 

Bish. Mus., 19214, 1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 

15:262, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Bikkia grandifora var. tenuiflora sensu Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:262, 1979 [non Valeton in Gibbs, Con&. Arfak. Mus., 220, 

19171. 

Shrub, often pendent, to 5 m, glabrous, branchlets subquadrangular, with internodes short and congested in the distal 

flowering portions; leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptic to 15 x 8 

cm, apices rounded, base acute to broadly acute, venation 

obscure, main veins about 9- 10 on a side, petiole rather broad, 

1.5-2.0 cm long; peduncles only about 3 mm long, pedicels 

5- 10 mm long; hypanthium quadrangular, about 1.0-1.5 cm 

long somewhat sulcate, calyx abruptly spreading about 2.5 mm 

long, lobes linear, stiff, erect, about 2 cm long, acute, somewhat 

flattened; corolla tube 10-14 cm long, upper part gradually 

dilated, lobes triangular, 3 cm long somewhat twisted at top, 

becoming hirsute below, anthers linear, 37 mm long; pistil 

12.5-14.5 cm long, distal 1 cm stigmatic and twisted, 2 

apparently stigmatic lines or grooves below but these not 

puberulent; capsule ellipsoid, 2.5 x 1.0 cm, valves obovate, 

notched at apex; seeds cuneate, flattened, faces brown, 

longitudinally striate-cellular-reticulate, marginal cells, especially at top and base, large, almost bulbous, light amber 

colored, transparent. 

Found on wet limestone cliffs and steep slopes. 

VERNACULAR NAMES,- 

kalau (Palau: Salsedo 48) 

rur (Palau: Hardy 36; Fosberg et al., 1980) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-S. l., Ledermann 14373~ (B, syntype); 

Palau: Rock isles, P.H. Moore 184 (GUAM). Babeldaob: Rock 

island near “Ulong” Island, Cheatham 112 (US, BISH, POM, 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

NY, L); rock island, Cheatham 50 (US). Koror: Tuyama 

101 13P (K); limestone rock island in Iwayama Bay, Salsedo 48 

(US, GUAM); Ngrtmeduch Rock, Hardy 36 (US, BISH); 

Madmosuk Island, just W of Koror, Stone 1287 (US); NE 

comer of island, Fosberg 50623 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Kanehira 1892 (US, 2 sheets); Iwayane, Takamatsu 1448 (US, 

BISH); Ledermann 14073a (B, syntype); near causeway to 

Babeldaob ferry, Falanruw et al. 1072 (GUAM); Ngemelis 

group, Aremasuku I., Hobdy 1464 (Bish); Gatulel-to, Ailai-son, 

Hosokawa 7302 (A). Urukthapel: One of small islands N of SW 

peninsula of Urukthapel, 1-2 m, Fosberg 32196 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); middle of NW coast of Magaiald (N arm of 

Urukthapel) SW shore of Malakal Harbor, 1 m, Fosberg 25860 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L). Ngeanges: Just W of S point of 

Urukthapel, 2-25 m, Fosberg 25833 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L). Eil Malk: Oroukuizu or “Seventy Islands” Nature Reserve, 

eastem-most large island, 30 m, Fosberg 47652 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY), 2 m, 47650 (US, BISH, NY, POM, L); limestone 

islet, Dutton 110 (US, BISH, POM); island 12, 5 m, Kerr LR 

16688 (US). Peleliu: Kanehira 2450. Angaur: Takamatsu 1812 

(BISH, K). 

Bikkia telrandra (L. f.) A. Richard 

Bikkia fefrandra (L. f.) A. Richard, Mem. SOC. Hist. Nat. Paris, 5:231, 

1834.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:539, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 65, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:262, 1979. 

Porrlandio fefrandra L. f., Suppl. PI., 143, 1781. 

Bikkja muriannensis Brongniart, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 13:42, 1866.-Memll, 

Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9:142, 1914.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:289, 

1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 355, 1933; Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 47562, 1933; 

Enum. Micr. PI., 113, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:539-40, 1971.- 

Falanmw and Payne, Life on Guam, 66,1976.-Moore and McMakin, Plants 

of Guam, 121, 1979. 

Cormigonus muriannensis (Brongniart) Wight ex Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. 

Herb., 249, 1905. 

Bikkia longicarpa Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:289-290, 1930. 

Bikkia muriannensis var. longicarpa (Valeton) Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

15:213, 1940. 

Stiff shrub, glabrous, stems weakly quadrangular; leaves to 

10 x 6 cm, obovate, glossy, thick, apex rounded to obtuse, base 

gradually attenuate, venation rather obscure, main veins 4-5, 

with weaker ones between them, petioles 5-10 (-12) mm, 

slightly winged; stipules low-triangular, acuminate; peduncles 

5-20 mm long, with 2 scale-like triangular-acuminate stipular 

bracteoles at summit, flowers usually one to a peduncle, rarely 

several on a branching condensed inflorescence, pedicels stout, 

about 1 cm long; hypanthium about 1 cm long, sulcate (when 

dry), calyx with free part abruptly larger than ovary, shallowly 

cup-like, lobes stiff, hom-like, carinate, curved upward, sharp, 

to about 4 mm; corolla tube gradually, then more strongly 

dilated upward, about 5.5 cm long, lobes spreading, triangular; 

filaments 4.0-4.3 cm long, glabrous above, becoming more 

and more hirsute in lower 2/3, anthers linear, about 2.4 cm long, 

basally attached with short appendages; pistil about 8 cm long, 

distally curved, distal 1 cm or so with glandular surface, the 

next 3 cm with two pubemlent lines, the lower 4 cm glabrous; 

capsule sub-quadrangular prism-shaped, or slightly dilated 

upward, obovate, notched at summit; seeds irregularly broadly 

cuneate, 1.2- 1.4 mm long, flattened, irregularly longitudinally 

cellular reticulate on faces, margins of large, thick-walled 

translucent cells. 

Common and conspicuous on sea-cliffs, usually of limestone. Found also, in the south Pacific, apparently in similar 

situations. 

USES.-The wood ignites easily and is used for torches 

(Guam. Safford, 1905). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

gau sali (Rota: Fosberg 25005) 

gausuli (Guam: Anderson 230; Safford, 1905; G.E.S. 40; 

Marche 129; Safford & Seale 1107; Falanruw & Payne 

1676) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Lunge 6 (BISH); Stephens 

58, 69 (POM); Kagman Peninsula, Courage 16 (US); Bahia 

Fanchuluyan, Holt 29-2 (US); Hosokawa 8015 (BISH); S side 

of Kagman Peninsula, W of Kagman Pt., 30 m, Fosberg 31291 

(US); sea cliffs on Tsukimi Bay, E of Mt. Petosukara, E side of 

island, 75 m, Fosberg 25201 (US, BISH, POM, NY); 

Charan-Tarhoho, 500 ft [150 m], Hosaka 2992 (US, BISH); 

Bird Island Beach, 0-10 m, Evans 2331 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); “Old Man by the Sea” Beach, E side of island, Ogaru 

1837 (US); Hosokawa 8015 (A), 9319 (A). 

Tinian: Hosokawa 7781 (BISH, A, US); Long Beach, Smith 

1292 (US); N end, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka 2840 (US, BISH); 

Masalog ridge, 400 ft [120 m], Hosaka 2837 (US, BISH, 

POM); S end of Masalog Ridge, E side of island, 100 m, 

Fosberg 24752 (US, BISH), 24751 (US), 24750 (US) terrace 

on SE coast of island, NE of Carolinas Pt., 60-80 m, Fosberg 

24835 (US, BISH, POM), 24838 (US, BISH). 

Agiguan: 100 ft [30 m], Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); SW 

part, Kondo VZZ in 1949 (BISH); West Pt., Kondo in 1952 

(BISH). 

Rota: Ledermann 14026 (B, isotype of B. longicarpa 

Valeton); Kanehira 1822 (US); Necker R 29 (US); Sabana, 

1500 ft [460 m], Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); E of Songsong 

village, 30 m, Sachet 1642 (US, BISH, POM, NY); S coast of 

island, from Songsong village to a point above Aratsu Bay, 

150-250 m, Evans 1930 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Cheathum 

177 (US, BISH, POM, NY); NW coast of W end of main part 

of island between Rota and Tataacho Pt., 1-70 m, Fosberg 

25005 (US, BISH, POM, NY), 25121 (US, BISH, POM, NY); 

Kanehira 1774 (P, NY); savanna, Hosokawa 7591 (A); ESE 

side of island, Quinata LR 19221 (US). 

Guam: s. 1.. McGregor 634 (K); s. l., Le Guillou 31 (P); 

Gaudichaud s. n. (P, type of Bikkia muriannensis acc. 
NUMBER 81 51 

Bakhuizen annotation); Pati Pt., 160 m, Necker 376 (US, 

BISH); Ritidian Pt., Bryan 1141 (BISH, 2 sheets, K); G.E.S. 

407 (US, BISH); Marche 187 (P, POM); Ile de Cabra, Marche 

129 (P, POM); Ypan Pt., Stone 4296 (GUAM); Asanite Pt., 

Stone 4896 (GUAM); Marine Beach, Pedrus 1 (GUAM); 

McGregor 634 (US, E); Pago Pt., Moran 4596 (E); sea level, 

Agaiia, Safford & Seale 1107 (US), Knox 848 (US); E coast, 

Talofofo, Ypon Pt., Moore 365 (US); near Yona, Rodin 579 

(US); Pati Pt., 160 m, Necker 367 (US); Ypao Pt., Necker 137 

(US); Pago Pt., Moran 4596 (US, POM, US); Ritidian Pt., top 

of cliff, N end of island, 170 m, Fosberg 25321 (US, BISH), 

25304 (US, BISH, POM), 25310 (US), 25316 (US); Asanite 

Bay, 5-10 m, Evans 1516 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Tarague 

Beach, W end near caves, 5-6 m, Anderson 230 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); Ritidian Pt., near light, 150 m, Anderson 214 

(US, BISH, POM); S of Tarague Bay, Moran 4570 (UC, POM, 

US); Pagat, P.H. Moore 92 (GUAM); Tagachan Bay, Stone 

4022 (GUAM); between Pugua and Haputu Pt.s, Fosberg & 

Aguon 59775 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Asanite Bay, N of 

Talofofo Bay, Fosberg & Moore 59947 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L). 

Canthium Lamarck 

Canthiurn Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. Bot., 1:602, 1785. 

Plectronia sensu de Candolle et auct. plur. [non L., Mant. PI., 6, 17671. 

Psydrax Gaenner, Fruct. et Sem. PI., 1:125, 1788. 

Cyclophyllurn Hooker f. in Bentham and Hooker f., Gen. PI., 2: pari prima 

Addend. 535, 1873. 

Shrubs or trees; stipules ovate, cuspidate or acuminate; 

inflorescences axillary cymes, often much reduced, even to 

small fascicles; flowers 4-5 merous; corolla with short 

cylindrical tube, usually pilose within, especially at throat, 

lobes valvate, spreading; stamens inserted in throat, filaments 

short; ovary usually 2-loculed, with one pendulous ovule in 

each locule, style 1, stigma cylindric, 2-4 lobed, included or 

exserted; fruit a drupe with one 2-loculed or two 1-loculed 

stones. 

Key to Micronesian Species and Varieties of Canthium 

1. 

1. 

Cymes open, usually several cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . C. odoratum var. tinianense 

Cymes contracted, relatively few flowered, usually 2 cm or 

less long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 

Cymes subsessile, subcapitately congested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . C. barbatum var. korrorense 

Cymes shortly pedunculate, branched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . C. barbatum var. rupestre 

2. 

2. 

Canthium barbatum (Forster f.) Seemann (sensu lato) 

Canthiurn barbarurn (Forster f.) Seemann, Fl. Vit., 132, 1866. 

Chiococca barbata Forster f., Prodr., 16, 1786. 

Cyclophyllurn barbaturn (Forster f.) A.C. Smith and S. Darwin, Fl. Vit. Nov., 

4:234, 1988. 

Shrubs or small trees, vegtative parts glabrous or nearly so; 

branchlets tending to be rather long, leafy over a considerable 

length, leaves so oriented as to appear distichously arranged 

although in origin normally decussate, varying in size, shape 

and texture in different varieties, stipules triangular-acuminate; 

cymes very much reduced, 1 or 2 in an axil, peduncle very short 

to at most 1 cm long, branched portion condensed, fewflowered (even as few as 1, as in original description), pedicels 

from several mm to as much as a cm long, calyx teeth short, 

corolla salverform, 4 lobes ovate, horizontally spreading from 

a short cylindric tube, throat usually bearded; fruit obovoid 

plump to more or less compressed, tending to be slightly 

obcordate at least when dry. 

Canthiurn barbatum (Forster f.) Seemann var. barbarum, not 

known from Micronesia. 

Canthium barbatum var. korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg 

Canthiurn barbaturn var. korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

145218, 1940.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:92, 1952.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:262, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 40, 1980. 

Plecrronia korrorensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:311-312, 1930. 

Canthiurn korrense (Valeton) Kanehira [Sphalm.], Bot Mag. Tokyo, 46:671, 

1932; Enum. Micr. Pl., 416, 1935. 

Canthiurn oblongurn (Valeton) Kanehira sensu Kanehira, Bot Mag. Tokyo, 

46:671, 1932; Enum. Micr. PI., 416, 1935 [non Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:310, 

19301. 

Geniostoma niinoanense Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45:341, 1931. 

Young stems squarish but not sharply so, internodes 1-7 cm 

long; leaves broadly elliptic to slightly obovate, up to 12 x 7.5 

cm, mostly 5 veins on a side, apex abruptly shortly acuminate, 

tip blunt, base acute to obtusely narrowed and slightly 

decurrent to a short (3-8 mm) petiole; stipules triangular, 

strongly acuminate, 3-6 mm long; cymes subsessile (peduncle 

to 1-1.5 mm), 8-lO-many-flowered, strongly condensed 

(capitate or subcapitate) pedicels about 2 mm long at anthesis, 

elongating to 5-6 mm in fruit, subtended by erose broad 

scale-like bracts; calyx sharply dentate, with hypanthium 1-1.5 

mm long, corolla tube about 3.5 mm long, lobes ovate, about 2 

mm long, throat barbate; fruit “rosarot,” obovoid, about 13 x 9 

x 5 mm, not or scarcely sulcate nor emarginate. 

All records of this variety are from Ponape, in spite of the 

epithet korrorense, which clearly refers to Koror, Palau. 

Valeton does not explain his choice of epithets. 

Other varieties of this species are found in the South Pacific 

on many islands from New Guinea and Australia on the west to 

the Marquesas and Henderson Island in Eastern Polynesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDs.-Ponape: s. l., Kanehira 1523 (P); Mt. 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Nanalaut, 1600 ft [488 m], Glassman 2363 (BISH, US); Mt. 

Beirut, 2100 ft [640 m], Glassman 2542 (BISH, US), 2547 

(BISH, US); Mt. Poaipoai, 1900 ft [580 m], Glassman 2486 

(BISH, US); Kanehira 798 (BISH); Kanehira 1635 (BISH, 

US); Nipit-one, Hosokawa 5823 (BISH, A); Ronkity-oviekan, 

Hosokawa 9590 (BISH, US, A); Hosokawa 8230 (US, A); 

Awak Valley, 250-300 m, Stemmermann & Haun 6525 (Bish); 

Toletik, Takamatsu 941 (P, BISH); Paran, Takamatsu 621 (K, 

US, BISH); Tean-Parkil Sinrin-titai oyobi sogen, Hosokawa 

5849 (A); Mt. Kankauzan, Hosokawa 5484 (A); Kanehira 1489 

(US), 1497 (US), 1699 (US); Tolon, Palikir, Fosberg 60409 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Toleailuka, Takamatsu 815 (BISH); 

Mt. Tolotom, Takamatsu 1060 (BISH); Mt. Tean, Takamatsu 

i 761 (BISH); Kolonia, Kanehira 1482 (US, NY), 1489 (NY); 

Parkier, Kanehira 1520 (NY), 1699 (US, NY), 1479 (NY); 

Matalanim, Stone 5436 (US). 

Canthium barbatum var. rupestre (Hosokawa) Fosberg 

Canihium barbaturn var. rupestre (Hosokawa) Fosberg comb. nov. 

Canrhium rupestre Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 32:18, 

1942.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:263, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 40, 1980. 

Shrub, branchlets nodose; leaves ovate to 15 x 7 cm, apex 

acute or shortly acuminate, base acute, abruptly decurrent into 

a short petiole, main veins 5-6 on a side, blade chartaceocoriaceous; cymes 3-6-flowered, short, axillary, very shortly 

pedunculate, branched 1-2 times; calyx somewhat flaring, very 

short, subtruncate or weakly denticulate; corolla tube 5 mm 

long, densely pilose in throat, lobes ovate-oblong, 3 mm long; 

stamens exserted, anthers 3 mm long, style glabrous, 8.5 mm 

long, stigma mitriform, 2 mm wide and high, bilobed, lobes 

thick, acute; fruit “globosus, paullo adpressus,” 1.3 wide, 9 mm 

thick. 

Apparently very rare, only collected once; material examined is very inadequate and might almost as well belong to the 

genus Gynochrhodes. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Oropsyakal [= Aulupse’el], 

Hosokawa 9779 (A, BISH, isotypes). 

Canthium odoratum (Forster f.) Seemann (sensu lato) 

Canihium odoraium (Forster f.) Seemann, Fl. Vit., 132, 1866. 

Coffea odoraia Forster f., Prodr., 16, 1786. 

Psydrar odoraia (Forster f.) A.C. Smith and S. Darwin, Fl. Vit. Nov., 4:230, 

1988. 

Shrub or small tree, with whitish or light gray trunk and 

branches, branchlets slender, these not elongate; leaves small 

variously shaped from elliptic to ovate or oblong, acute or 

bluntly acuminate to obtuse or rounded at apex, very glossy 

dark green; stipules triangular, tending to be mucronate; cymes 

open, corymbiform, dichotomous with a sometimes abortive 

central flower, branches several times to repeatedly rather 

irregularly branched, flowers pedicellate, calyx obtusely 5- 

dentate, corolla salverform with short tube, throat very woolly 

(or glabrate), lobes oblong exceeding tube, spreading; stamens 

exserted, anthers erect, sagittate; style and stigma exserted to 

twice length of stamens, stigma cylindric; fruit a rather leathery 

black drupe, somewhat orbicular, somewhat compressed and 

grooved on sides, stone seperable into two. 

Occasional in exposed or rather dry places, mostly on 

limestone in the Marianas. Variety odoratum is very widespread from Hawaii to Australia. 

A widely distributed species, ranging from Hawaii and 

eastern Polynesia to the Marianas and Australia and highly 

variable. In Micronesia it is represented by var. tinianense. 

Canthium odoratum (Forster f.) Seemann var. odoratum not 

known from Micronesia. 

Canthium odoratum var. tinianense (Kanehira) Fosberg 

Canihium odoraium var. tinianense (Kanehira) Fosberg, Phytologia, 5:289- 

291, 1955.-Stone, Micronesica, 6540-541. 1971.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:263, 1979. 

Randia rinianensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:494, 1932. 

Canihium tinianense (Kanehira) Kanehira Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:354, 1935; 

Canthiurn odoraium sensu Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:218-219, 1940 

Enum. Micr. PI., 416, 1935. 

[non (Forster f.) Seemann]. 

Shrub, vegetative parts glabrous, internodes terete, mostly 

1-5 cm; leaves broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, 5-7 x 2.5-4.5 

cm, apex acute to obtuse but actual tip rounded, base acute, 

blade coriaceous, stiff, 3-4 main veins on a side, minor veins 

and network rather obscure, petiole 2-6 mm; stipules low 

adnate with petioles and forming a very short sheath, apices 

cuspidate or mucronate; cymes axillary, pedunculate, rather 

irregular 3-5 (-6) times dichotomously branched, open when 

in fruit, flowers shortly pedicellate, calyx very short, 4-toothed, 

corolla tube short, lobes longer, oblong, spreading; fruit 

obcordate, somewhat compressed, about 3 mm long, 3.5 mm 

wide 2 mm thick, with thin leathery flesh, pyrenes 2. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-saipan: Kagman Pt., 150 m, Fosberg 

31935 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Mt. Raeda, 300 m, Stone 

5252 (GUAM). 

Tinian: s. l., Kanehira 1059 (US, BISH, P, NY); Kanehira 50 

(BISH, NY); Kanehira 2275 (P, NY), 1069 (NY); Kunehira s. 

n. (P) s. l., Hosokawa 7706 (A, BISH); S end Masalog Ridge, 

100 m, Fosberg 24754 (US, BISH), 24756 (US, BISH); Mt. 

Lasso near beach, 25 ft [8 m], Hosaka 2815 (US, BISH); 0.5 

km SE of Liyang Makiang, 160 m, Fosberg 64513 (US, BISH, 

POM); ridge above Lasu Shrine, Fosberg 64487 (US, BISH). 

Rota: N coast of W end of main part of island, 3 m, Fosberg 

25131 (US, BISH); s. I., Kanehira 1745.B (NY); between 
NUMBER 81 53 

Matmas and Michong, Raulerson 19136 (US). 

Guam: Ritidian Pt., Hosaka 3106 (US, BISH); Anao Mati 

Conservation Reserve, 160 m, Fosberg 39237 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); Pagat Plateau, P.H. Moore 620 (GUAM); “near 

quadrat #2,” P.H. Moore 171 (GUAM). 

Cephaelis Swartz 

Cephuelis Swartz, Prodr., 3.45, 1788. 

Shrubs or small trees, rarely dwarf shrubs or herbs; leaves 

opposite, entire; stipules usually persistent; inflorescence an 

involucrate head, terminal or axillary, rarely a thyrse of small 

involucrate heads, involucre of at least 4 free bracts; calyx cup 

4-7-dentate, persistent; corolla salverform or funnelform, 

lobes 4-5, valvate, spreading; stamens inserted in throat; ovary 

2-celled with erect ovules; fruit a fleshy drupe, often bright 

blue, pyrenes 2, usually longitudinally sulcate. 

A large tropical American and African genus, often united 

with Psychorria. One species has been planted in Micronesia. 

Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brotero) A. Richard 

Cephuelis ipecacuanhu (Brotero) A. Richard, Bull. Fec. Med., 4:92, 1818.- 

Callicocca ipecacuanha Brotero, Trans. Linn. SOC. London, 6:137, t.11, 1802. 

Uragoga ipecacuunhn (Brotero) Baillon, Hist. Nat. PI., 7:28 1, 1880.-Okabe, 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:263, 1979. 

Bull. Trop. Indust. Inst. Palau, 5:14,17, 1940. 

Slender dwarf shrub or suffrutescent herb, not or scarcely 

branching above ground, stems pubescent, underground stems 

creeping, sending up stems several dm tall, elongate horizontal 

roots with irregular swollen indurate cortex in crowded rings, 

small rootlets emerging from these; leaves elliptic, 5-7 x 

2.5-4.5 cm, apex acute to shortly acuminate, base acute, 

decurrent into a very short petiole; stipules broadly oblong, 

long-pectinate, with a row of erect elongate glands (colleters) in 

axils; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, much shorter than 

leaves, involucre of 4 broadly ovate subcordate acute hirsute 

bracts; flowers 15-24 in a head, greenish (?), subtended by 

ovate “bracteoles”; calyx very short, with 5 obtuse teeth; 

corolla tube 3 mm long, woolly in throat, lobes 5, ovate, acute, 

recurved, shorter than tube; stamens included; styles included, 

bifid; drupe about 1 cm long, pyrenes 2, about 5 mm, somewhat 

twisted. 

This important medicinal plant is said to have been tried out 

in cultivation in Palau and Ponape. We have seen no 

Micronesian material and have only the Okabe record of it from 

the area. 

Cinchona L. 

Cinchona L., Sp. Pl., 172, 1753; Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 79, 1754. 

Trees, rarely shrubs or subscandent, bark bitter, rhaphid 

bundles none; leaves lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or broadly 

oblong, rarely somewhat obovate, chartaceous to subconaceous, veins few to rather numerous, petiolate, usually turning 

red when old; stipules interpetiolar, subfoliaceous, caducous; 

inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, terminal, small to ample, 

leaf-like bracts at lower nodes, rapidly diminishing to scales 

distally; calyx small, cup-shaped, 5-dentate; corolla hypocrateriform, 5-lobed, lobes patent, thin, notably ciliate, valvate 

in bud; anthers attached at or near top of corolla tube, 

subsessile; ovary 2-loculate, placentae axile, peltate, attached 

to middle of septum, with many ovules; style filiform, bifid, 

branches spreading, stigmatic, exserted; fruit a capsule, elliptic 

to ovoid, septicidally dehiscent, often starting to split from 

base, apices of valves held together at first by persistent calyx; 

seed small conspicuously winged, especially at both ends, 

imbricate. 

A tropical American, principally Andean genus of perhaps 

12-15 species, widely planted in the wet tropics for its bark, 

which is the source of quinine and other medicinal alkaloids. 

The species are mostly very variable and are interfertile, readily 

hybridizing. Many of the planted and naturalized forms are of 

hybrid origin. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Cinchona 

Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, tending to be acute but 

blunt or rounded at tip, subcoriaceous or thick chartaceous, 

veins not prominent, glabrous or almost so beneath; fruit 

ovoid, about 1 cm long, rather thin-walled ......... ...................... Cinchona calisaya 

Leaves broadly elleptic to broadly oblong, apex broadly 

rounded, often with a slight tip, chartaceous, somewhat 

pubescent beneath, main veins 7-11 or more, prominent; 

fruit narrowly ovoid or fusiform, well over 2 cm long, 

firm-walled ............. Cinchona succirubra 

Cinchona calisaya Weddell 

Cinchona calisaya Weddell, AM. Sci. Nat., 111, 10:6, 1848.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

Cinchona officinalis sensu auct. non L., Sp. Pl., 172, 1753. 

Cinchona ledgerianu Moens ex Trimen, Joum. Bot., 19:323, 1881.4kabe. 

Bull. Trop. Ind. Inst. Palau, 5:13, 16, 1940.-Mayo survey, m.s. 28, 1954. 

Small tree, bark gray; leaves lanceolate to elliptic or 

somewhat ovate, firm chartaceous, glabrous to sparsely 

strigulose beneath, apex bluntly acute or rounded at tip, rather 

few veins on a side; panicle small to rather ample, rhachis of 

4-7 internodes, leaf-like bracts at lower nodes, densely 

minutely appressed pubescent or tomentulose; calyx as broad 

as high; corolla rose-pink externally, “shell-pink” on inner 

surfaces of lobes; fruit ovoid, about 1 cm long or less, rarely 

more. 

Native of Bolivia and southern Peru, and one of the most 

important quinine-yielding species. Said to have been planted 

experimentally in Palau in 1938. We have seen no Micronesian 

specimens. 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:263, 1979. 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Cinchona succirubru Pavon ex Klotsch 

Cinchom succirubru Pavon ex Klotsch. Abh. Mad. Berl., 1857:60, 1858,- 

Mayo survey, m.s. 28, 1954. 

Small to rather large tree, bark tending to tum reddish when 

cut; leaves from broadly elliptic or oval to broadly oblong, 

rather thin, conspicuously veined, somewhat pubescent beneath; flowers in large panicles, pink, fragrant; capsules ovoid 

fusiform, 2-3 cm long, walls firm. 

This species is doubtfully distinct from C. pubescens Vahl, 

and by most modem authors merged with that species. That is 

probably where it belongs, but until the varieties and synonyma 

in that protean species, are properly sorted out, it seems more 

convenient to maintain it as an admittedly weak species. It was 

formerly widely planted for quinine production, but was not the 

best species for that purpose. It is said to have been introduced 

experimentally into Palau by the Japanese, but we have not 

seen any Micronesian specimens. 

Coffea arabica L. 

Coffeu arubica L., Sp. PI., 172, 1753.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:476, 

1901.-Safford, Conk U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:244, 1905.-Memll, Philip. 

Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:143, 1914.-Kanehira Enum. Micr. PI., 417, 1935.- 

Okabe, Bull. Trop. Indust. Inst., 5:13, 17, 1940.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. 

Bull., 209:92, 1952.-Mayo, m.s. 30, 1954.-Stone, Micronesica,6:542, 

1971.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:263, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Coffeu L. 

Coffeu L., Sp. PI., 172, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 1754. 

Shrubs and small trees with (at least in our species) 

dimorphic branching, with robust ascending shoots sending out 

slender horizontal flowering branches with leaves pseudodistichously arranged; leaves opposite (or rarely ternate), 

pinnately net-veined; stipules persistent, entire, sheathing near 

base, with axillary glandular trichomes (colleters); flowers 

bisexual, borne in axillary cymes that may be variously 

condensed, even to triads or solitary flowers, subtended by very 

reduced foliar and stipular bractlets, these often subulate or 

scale-like; calyx lobed, toothed or truncate; corolla salverform 

or funnelform, 4-7-lobed, lobes patent, stamens the same 

number as corolla lobes, attached in corolla-throat, included or 

(in ours) well exserted; ovary 2-loculed, ovules 1 in a locule, 

attached to the septum, style elongating during anthesis, stigma 

bifid, exserted; fruit dry or (in ours) fleshy, 2 endocarps thin, 

parchment-like with 2 large seeds, seed with a longitudinal 

groove on inner face. 

A genus of about 70 species of the Old-world Tropics, 

mainly African. Several species are commercially important, 3 

of these introduced in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Coffea 

1. Cymules compact but much branched, flowers and fruits 

usually 6-8 in a cymule, bracts conspicuous, foliaceous, much exceeding the hypanthia and calyx-ring, 

acuminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. canephora 

Cymules few-flowered, flowers and fruits usually less than 

six, bracts small, subulate or scale-like . . . . . . . . 2 

2. Corolla 5-lobed, leaves thin , . . . . . . , . C. arubica 

2. Corolla 6-7 lobed, leaves subcoriaceous, strongly 

nerved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. liberica 

1. 

Shrub or small tree, glabrous, to 10-12 m tall, with 

dimorphic branches, vegetative strongly ascending, flowering 

slender and spreading horizontally; leaves thin oblong to 

elliptic, to 16 x 7 cm, apex bluntly acuminate, base usually 

acute, main veins 8-10 pairs, opposite or subopposite, margins 

tending to be noticeably undulate when fresh, petiole 1-1.5 

cm; stipules scarious or membranous ovate, abruptly strongly 

mucronate or acuminate, basal parts connate and sheathing, 

margins often sharply denticulate, teeth slender, tending to be 

caducous; inflorescences condensed bracteate cymes, usually 

with 3 flowers, usually 2 in an axil, the flowers pedicellate; 

calyx reduced to a narrow denticulate flange; corolla white, 

salverform, tube short, lobes 5, spreading, to reflexed, 

contorted in bud, somewhat longer than tube; anthers exserted; 

style exserted, stigma well exserted, bilobed; fruit a drupe, 

subglobose to subcylindric, about 10 x 8 mm, or slightly larger, 

red, flesh rather thin, sweetish, pyrenes 2, hemi-ellipsoid or 

hemi-cydindric with rounded ends, longitudinal grove or infold 

on the flat side, endocarp thin, firm, parchment-like, seed with 

a very thin membranous testa about 1 layer of cells thick, 

endosperm hard. 

Native of Ethiopia; persisting occasionally after cultivation, 

possibly still planted in gardens on some islands. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

kohi (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

coffee (English) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Saipan: Stephens 15, 12 (POM); 3 

km E of Susupe Pt., abandoned plantation, 100 m, Fosberg 

25169 (US, BISH); S slope Mt. Tapotchau, planted in forest, 

800 ft [244 m], Hosaka 2919 (US, BISH), 2918 (US, BISH). 

Rota: Plateau above Tataacho Pt., 150-250 m, Evans 2061 

(US, BISH, POM, CHR, GUAM, A, L, MO); 2055 (US, BISH, 

K, UC). 

Guam: Memll, 1914, 143; G.E.S. 400 (BISH, US); McGregor 515 (BISH); abandoned farm near base of Mt. Santa Rosa, 

Rodin 560 (BISH); Talofofo, Stone 4402 (GUAM, US); Mt. 

Almagosa, 300 m, Pedrus 54 (GUAM); Mataguac, Moran 

4440 (US, POM); Finaguayac, Moran 4577 (US); W of Mt. 

Santa Rosa, Anderson 153 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Volkens, 1901 :476. 

Ponape: Anapeng-pa, Takamatsu 770 (BISH). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein (Fosberg, growing in 

pots, 1956.) 
NUMBER 81 55 

Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner 

Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner. Notizbl. Berlin, 1:237, 1897. 

Coflea robusta Linden, Cat. PI. Econ., 64,1900.-Mayo, survey, m.s. 30,1954. 

Small glabrous tree with strong flowering branches with 

internodes 2.5-6 cm long, leaves elliptic, up to 23 x 10 m, 

somewhat bluntly acuminate, firm, with 9 to 12 (-13) strong 

somewhat arching nerves, domatia slightly puberulent, petiole 

10- 12 mm; stipules triangular-acuminate, slightly sheathing at 

base; flowers in tight many-flowered conspicuously bracteate 

cymules, the bracts lanceolate, acuminate, often equalling or 

exceeding the flowers; calyx subtruncate, reduced to a narrow 

subtruncate to slightlly dentate collar; corolla 4-5-lobed, lobes 

and tube sub-equal, to 9-14 mm long, lobes becoming 

reflexed, anthers linear, exserted, twisting on drying, style 

exserted, bifid; fruit subglobose, slightly compressed, sides 

slightly channelled at least when dry, about 12 nun long, both 

ends subtruncate, up to 8 in each cluster, 16 at a node. 

Native of tropical Africa, persisting from experminental 

planting. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-robusta coffee (English). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Mt. Tapotchau, s slope, 800 

Guam: Leyang Barrigada, 150 ft [46 m], Scully 101 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: Ngerebe’ed, 5- 10 m, 

ft [244 m], Hosaka 2918 (US). 

Fosberg 32265 (US). 

Coffeu libericu Bull ex Hiern 

Coffea liberica Bull ex Hiern, Trans. Linn. SOC., ser. 11, 1:171, t. 24, 

1876.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:245, 1905.-Memll, Philip. 

Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:143, 1914.-Mayo, survey, m.s. 30, 1954.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:542, 197 1 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:264, 1979. 

Plecrronia oblongo Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:310, 1930. 

Small tree, to 8 m tall, branchlets strong, slightly 4-angled, 

internodes to 6 or rarely 10 cm long, nodes prominent; leaves 

subcoriaceous, to 21 x 10 cm, broadly elliptic to somewhat 

oblong or slightly obovate, slightly bluntly acuminate, 9-10 

strong nerves on a side, domatia slightly puberulent, petiole 

thick, 1-2 cm long; stipules triangular-obtuse, very slightly 

united at base: cymules several to few (rarely “many”) 

flowered, very condensed; corolla 6-7-lobed; fruit broadly 

ellipsoid to subglobose, to 2 x 1.5 cm. 

Introduced to Guam before 1905 fide Safford. 

Native of west Africa, persisting from former cultivation, 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

perhaps still planted occasionally. 

kafe (Guam: Whiting R12) 

Liberian coffee (English) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Menill, 1914,143; G.E.S 243 

(BISH, US); Nelson 58 (BISH); Oakley 19 (US, BISH, POM); 

Mt. Santa Rosa, planted along edge of forest, 700 ft (214 m], 

Hosaka 3150 (US, BISH); abandoned farm near base of Mt. 

Santa Rosa, Rodin 560 (US); Santa Rosa, Whiting R12 (US); 

Yigo, cult., 120 m, Fosberg 35401 (US, BISH, POM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Pdau: Babeldaob: Garamiscan Colony, 10 m, Fosberg 25695 (US, BISH). Koror: Ngerebe’ed, 

5-10 m, Fosberg 32285 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Cheatham 

133 (US). 

Ponape: Kolonia, Fosberg 60434 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Ledermann 13528 (B, type of Plectronia oblonga Valeton). 

Dentella J.R. & G. Forster 

Dentella J.R. & G. Forster, Char. Gen. PI., 25, 1776. 

Slender prostrate creeping herbs; leaves opposite, venation 

obscure except midrib, a few rhaphid bundles but these not 

conspicuous; stipules membranous, interpetiolar, adnate at base 

to petioles; flowers solitary, terminal or in one axil of a pair at 

alternate nodes and in forks of branches; 5-merous, calyx 

tubular deeply divided; corolla funnelform or salverform, lobes 

induplicate-valvate, often 2-3 lobed or toothed; stamens 5, 

anthers linear, dorsifixed; ovary 2-celled, with fleshy axile 

placentae and numerous ovules, style short, bifid, stigmatic on 

all sides; capsule indehiscent, thin-walled; seeds numerous, 

A small genus, native from Australia and New Caledonia to 

angular. 

southeast Asia, introduced into Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Dentelk 

Hypanthium and capsule conspicuously white-hirsute . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dentella repens 

Hypanthium and capsule glabrous . . . Dentella serpyllifolk 

Dentella repens J.R. & G. Forster 

Dentella repens J.R. & G. Forster, Char. Gen. PI.. 26, pl. 13, 1775.-Fosberg, 

Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:215, 1940.-Walker and Rodin, Contr. US. Nat. 

Herb., 30:465, 1949.-Memll, Journ. Am. Arb., 35:155, 1954.-Fosberg 

and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:542-543, 

1971 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:264, 1979. 

Plant prostrate, much branched, forming a thin mat, 

vetetative parts glabrous, rooting at nodes; leaves oblanceolate, 

sub-fleshy, about 5 x 1.5 mm, or larger or smaller, shortly 

broad-petiolate; stipules very thin, hyaline, triangular, entire; 

flowers solitary, sessile, mostly terminal, subtended by two 

branches, ovary densely pilose, calyx prismatic, about 2 mm 

long, erect, lobed about ‘/3 of length, lobes lanceolate, acute, 

very slightly pilose or not, parts below sinuses membranous 
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

alternating with thick parts below lobes, tube very slightly 

widening upward; corolla white, funnelform, about 6 mm long, 

sparsely pilosulous within, 5-lobed, lobes ovate, acute, clearly 

to obscurely tridentate distally, throat with some long straight 

slender hairs; stamens inserted near base of tube, anthers pale 

yellow, lanceolate, 0.5 mm long, on slender filaments about 0.5 

mm long; pistil not quite equalling stamens, style slender, 

stigma oblong, thickened, bifid but coherent, fruit globose, an 

indehiscent membranous capsule covered sparsely to densely, 

at least in upper part, with rather stiff, rather thick straight white 

hairs; seeds many, angular, dull blackish. 

First described from New Caledonia, now widespread in 

disturbed places throughout the Old World Tropics; found on 

bare mineral soils, spreading rapidly in recent years in 

Micronesia, especially around places where there is much 

human activity. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-borduegas (Guam: Seale in 1900). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Puerto Rico, Herbst & 

Falanruw 6914 (US). 

Rota: Mua District, 50 m, Herbst & Falanruw 6696 (US); 

Beach Road, Raulerson 19152 (US). 

Guam: Fosberg 43432 (US, BISH); Dededo, cult. 100 m, 

Fosberg 35306 (US); Agana Spring, 1-2 m, Fosberg 31235 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Agana, Seale in 1900 (BISH); 

Agaiia, G.E. Moore 265 (US); Agana, G.E. Moore 266 (US, 

UC); about 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Potts Junction, 140 m, Fosberg 

39272 (US, BISH, POM) (fruits very sparsely to not pilose); 

Harmon village, Stone 4091 (GUAM, BISH); Mangilao, 65 m, 

Fosberg 46218 (US, BISH); Agana Heights, Fosberg 50558 

(US, BISH); Tamuning, Falanruw 1276 in part (US); Mangilao, University of Guam campus, Fosberg 59621 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Peleliu: Around N landing, 

Fosberg 31957 (US, BISH, POM). Anguar: E side, 3-5 m, 

Fosberg 31991 (US, BISH, POM). 

Ulithi: Asor islet, Fosberg 4801 7. 

Truk: Moen: Moen village, agriculture station nursery, 

MARSHALL IsLANDs.-Kwajalein: Ennylabegan: Herbst 

Majuro: Dalap I., Fosberg 39486 (US). 

Jaluit: Fosberg 39458 (US), 41397 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bonriki, Raulerson 3683 (US), 

Fosberg & Sared 60315 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

8885 (US). 

3690 (US), 3752 (US); Tanaea; Raulerson 3878 (US). 

Dentella serpyllifolia Wallich ex Airy-Shaw 

Dentella serpyllifolia Wallich ex Airy-Shaw, Kew Bull., 1932:289, 1932.- 

Craig, Fl. Siam. Enum., 2:27, 1932 [nomen nudum].-Memll, Joum. Am. 

Arb., 35: 155, 1954.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15264, 

1979. 

Differing from D. repens especially in the glabrous 

hypanthium and calyx; vegetative parts glabrous or sparsely 

puberulent. 

It is questionable whether this is to be treated as a species or 

as a form of D. repens. In many places, including Guam, they 

grow together. Until experimental evidence is available it 

seems convenient to admit them as separate species. First 

described from India. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.--&am: Asan Pt., 1 m, Anderson 40 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Agana, 2 m, Fosberg & Evans 

46203 (US, BISH, POM, NY); G.E. Moore 265 (UC), 266 

(UC); Mangilao; University of Guam campus, Fosberg 59622 

(US, BISH); Tamuning, Falanruw 1276 (US, part); Pugua Pt., 

10 m, Herbst 8748 (BISH); above Haputu Beach, Herbst 8732 

(BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POnape: Kolonia, Fosberg 60468 

(US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein I., Fosberg 41420 (US, 

BISH, POM), 48017 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Omelek I., 

Herbst 901 7 (US); Roi-Namur I., Herbst 8942 (US); Illiginni I., 

Herbst 8979a (US). 

Gardenia Ellis 

Gardenia Ellis, Philos. Trans. R.S., 51:935, t. 23, 1761 [nom. cons.]. 

Small trees or shrubs, branchlets subterete; leaves opposite 

or rarely whorled, entire, usually firm chartaceous, veins often 

with domatia in axils below, petiolate to subsessile; stipules 

sheathing, at least at base, where they are joined to the petioles, 

in some species secreting a gum around terminal bud, unlobed 

to deeply bilobed, or a single lobe, separating from attachment 

by circumscissile dehiscence; flowers solitary, terminal, becoming pseudo-axillary by development of an axillary bud at 

the terminal node; hypanthium turbinate or prismatic, at or 

below the apex externally in some species developing 3-5 

lobe-like “spurs” or appendages, flattened radially, alternating 

with the placentae, persisting on the fruit; corolla hypocrateriform (at least in our species), tube usually at least slightly 

dilated upward, bearing 6-9 lobes, imbricate and contorted 

sinistrorsely in bud, spreading, very fragrant at anthesis; 

anthers attached dorsally by very short filaments in corolla 

throat, linear, tips exserted at anthesis; style slender-cylindric to 

filifonn, stigma fleshy, connate, tips slightly exserted, ovary 

unilocular with 3 to 5 parietal placentae with many ovules in 

vertical rows; fruit a large subglobose or prismatically angled 

or alate “drupe” with a fleshy to fibrous-coriaceous mesocarp 

and bony endocarp, the numerous seeds embedded in a pulpy 

mass developed from the fleshy placentae; seed with testa 

fleshy-papillate drying to a “scrobiculate” surface. 

This description is partially adapted from the very ample one 

by A.C. Smith (Am. Journ. Bot., 61:109-111, 1974), treating 

the species of the Fiji area. Hence it may not be completely 

applicable to all species in other tropical regions. 
NUMBER 81 57 

The genus is a large one, 250 species, according to Airy 

Shaw (Willis, Dict. ed. 7, 1966), widely distributed in the Old 

World Tropics. Two species are cultivated as ornamentals in 

Micronesia, G. augusra (L.) Memll, and G. raitensis de 

Candolle. 

Key to Cultivated Micronesian Species of Gardenia 

Leaves elliptic to oblong or narrowly obovate, apex acuminate, 

calyx appendages 15-30 mm long, linear to linear lanceolate, acuminate, corolla lobes elliptic-obovate ....... .......................... G. augusta 

Leaves broadly obovate, apex rounded, calyx appendages 

10-12 (-30) mm long, ovate or oblong, acute to rounded at 

apex, corolla lobes narrowly ovate to oblong or slightly 

obovate ..................... G. taitensis 

Gardenia augusta (L.) Merrill 

Gardenia augusta (L.) Memll, Int. Herb. Amb., 485, 1917.-Okabe, Bull. 

Trop. Indust. Inst., 5:13, 1940.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 417, 1935.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:264, 1979.-Fosberg et al., 

Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Varneria augusta L., Amoen. Acad., 4:136, 1759. 

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Roy. SOC. Philos. Trans., 51(2):935, 1761.- 

Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:303, 1930.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:226, 

1940.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:92, 1952.4tobed. Guide List 

Plants Palau Islands, 1971.Stone, Micronesica, 6:543-544, 1971.- 

Souder, In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974 [sensu auct., at least in part]. 

Erect shrub, branchlets subterete or weakly 4-angled, dark 

grayish brown to almost black; leaves opposite, elliptic to 

oblong or obovate, sharply acuminate, base contracted to 

cuneate, to about 10-14 cm long; stipular sheath to 15 mm 

long, spathiform, split down one side; hypanthium and calyx 

narrowly 5-7-winged, with as many linear or linear-lanceolate, 

acuminate appendages 15-30 mm long; corolla white, fading 

yellowish, deliciously fragrant, lobes 5-7 to, usually, many, 

broadly elliptic-obovate, obtuse, usually concave, ventrally; 

anthers partly exserted; style termination and stigmatic mass 

clavate and somewhat exserted; fruit narrowly obovate, 

5-7-angled or costate. 

Commonly planted in gardens, cultivated for its fragrant 

flowers in most or all inhabited high islands in Micronesia. 

Probably of East Asian origin. 

USES.-A decoction of dry fruit, is good for jaundice, 

gonorrhea, colic, cold, hemoptysis, and consumptive fever. 

Besides, it is used as a hematic (Okabe, 1940). 

gardenia (Japanese name, Palau: Fosberg 32085) 

kadenia (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

iosep (Ponape: Saloman & George 6) 

yosef sarauri (Ponape: Fosberg 26332) 

Gardeniaflorida L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 305, 1762. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.aUam: Mangilao, near Dept. of 

Agriculture, cult., Stone 4368 (GUAM, US); Barrigada, cult., 

Shmull89 (GUAM); Inarajan, 5 m, Fosberg 46284 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Nekkeng, Emmons 

132 (US); Medekgnei School, Ibibang, 8 m, Raulerson 6064 

(US). Koror: 5-10 m, Fosberg 32085 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Truk: Moen: Track from Nob Hill to main island, 150-250 

m, Evans 1404 (US). 

Ponape: N coast, cult., Fosberg 26332 (US); Kolonia village, 

Saloman & George 6 (US); NE coast, Roi, Fosberg 58491 (US, 

BISH). 

Kusaie: Planted, Kanehira, Enum. Micr., P1. 417. 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein, growing in pot, Fosberg, 

1956 and 1958. 

Gardenia taitensis de Candolle 

Gardenia taitensis de Candolle, Prod., 4:380, 1830.-Luomala, Bish. Mus. 

Bull., 213:49, 1953.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:264, 1979. 

Shrub or rarely small tree, branchlets dark grayish brown, 

weakly 4-angled, terminal buds gummy; leaves to 20 x 10 cm, 

opposite, glossy green, obovate, rounded at apex or with a short 

blunt umbo, contracted to somewhat cuneate at base, on 

short-thickish petioles; stipules ovate, connate at base into a 

very short sheath; pedicels 1-2 cm long, angled above, 

hypanthium turbinate (3-) 4-5 angled, calyx short, broadly 

campanulate, to 10 mm high with (3) 4 or 5 ovate to oblong, 

acute to rounded appendages; corolla white, fading yellowish, 

very fragrant, tube 3-4 cm long, somewhat ampliate to throat, 

limb 4-6 or more cm wide, lobes 6-8, narrowly elliptic or 

slightly obovate, spreading; anthers linear, partly exserted; 

narrowly fusiform stigmatic mass partly exserted, acute; fruit 

obovoid to ellipsoid, costate or angled, cultivated plants usually 

not fruiting. 

An attractive cultivated ornamental, native in Melanesia and 

western Polynesia, highly prized and much cultivated in the 

Society Islands, there called “Tiare Tahiti”; said to have been 

introduced into Guam by Harold Mayo in late 1950, or early 

1960s. In eastern Polynesia, Hawaii, and probably Micronesia 

it seems never to set fruit. This may indicate that only a single 

self-sterile clone is present, or that a suitable pollinator is 

lacking. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-tiare (Gilbert: Luomala, 1953). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^: Agana, 65 m, Fosberg 46297 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Agana, cult., Fosberg 59786 (US, 

BISH). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-LUOmala, 1953~49. 

Geophila D. Don 

Geophila D. Don, FI. Nepal, 136,1825 [nom. cons.]. 

Carinto Wight in Safford, Conb’. US. Nat. Herb., 9216, 1905.-Stone, 
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Micronesica, 1 : 124, 1964. 

Geocardia Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 17:445, 1914. 

Herbs with white rhaphid bundles, prostrate to somewhat 

ascending stems, branches at first may be ascending, later 

prostrate; leaves petiolate, cordate; stipules broad, membranous, becoming firm, sub-persistent; peduncles terminal, often 

on short branches; flowers solitary or in subcapitate clusters at 

ends of peduncles, subtended by bracts, these sometimes trifid 

or incised, 5-merous; calyx united at base; corolla tube 

cylindric with 5 spreading or recurving lobes; anthers included; 

style with bilobed stigma; fruit a soft drupe with 2 pyrenes, 

each with a single seed, dorsally rounded, ventrally flattened; 

seed with endosperm entire. 

A pan-tropical genus, most species in tropical America and 

Africa, a few in Asia and Malesia. One species extends 

eastward to the Society Islands and northward to Guam and 

Saipan. 

Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnston 

Geophila repens (L.) 1.M. Johnston, Sargentia, 8:28 1, 1949.-Stone, MicroneRondeletia repens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 928, 1759. 

Psychorria herbacea Jacquin, Enum. PI. Carib., 16, 1760.-L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 

254, 1762. 

Geophila reniformis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Napal., 136, 1825.4hamisso and 

Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 4: 137, 1829.-Endlicher, Ann. Wien. Naturges., 

1:176, 1835.-K. Schumann and Lauterbach, Fl. Deut. Schutzgeb. Suds., 

594, 1901. 

Carinfa herbaceaa (Jacquin) W.F. Wight in Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:216, 1905.-Stone, Micronesica, 1:124, 1964. 

Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnston var. repens does not 

sic& 6543, 1971. 

occur in Micronesia. 

Geophila repens var. asiatica (Chamisso & 

Schlechtendal) Fosberg 

Geophila repens var. asiafica (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fosberg, Smith. 

Contr. Bot., 45:27, 1980.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:265, 1979. 

Geophila reniformis var. asiafica Rheede ex Chamisso and Schlechtendal, 

Linnaea, 4:137, 1829 [type: Ex insula Guahan e Marianis; Charnissso (G)]. 

Carinria herbacea W.F. Wight in Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 9216, 1905. 

Stems slender, very prostrate, glabrous to puberulent, 

especially near nodes, rooting at nodes, with short branches 

tending to produce a peduncle at first node; leaves orbicular 

cordate to narrowly reniform, apex rounded, basal lobes 

rounded, veins 7-9 (-1 l), palmate, upper surface glabrous, 

under surface puberulent, especially toward base, petiole 

fleshy, variable in length, with one conspicuous vascular 

strand, pilose in two lines, or more generally toward summit; 

stipules broad, low-rounded to renifom, adnate to petiole 

bases, or free if leaves absent at node, with conspicuous 

abundant rhaphid bundles; peduncle fleshy, with one vascular 

strand, puberulent, with narrowly lanceolate to linear attenuate 

bracts at summit subtending flowers, lowest occasionally trifid, 

pedicels very short, flowers 1-several; calyx lobes lanceolate, 

acuminate-attenuate or filiform at apex, united in lower '/5 to 

l/3; corolla salverform, tube to about 5 mm long, lobes ovate, 

spreading; stamens almost sessile, inserted well below mouth 

of tube, narrowly sagittate; style glabrous, subequal with 

corolla, stigma capitate, slightly bilobed; fruit globose, red, 

soft-fleshy, pyrenes hemi-ovoid, somewhat pointed, tending to 

be more or less rugose on convex side, and rarely somewhat so 

or slightly carinate on flat side, pyrene not at all warped or 

twisted. 

This small inconspicuous herb is seldom seen on Guam and 

has only been found once in Saipan. In the Carolines it is more 

frequent, but still scarcely common. It occurs in shade on forest 

floor, especially where there has been moderate distubrance. 

groundbeny (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

tamanes-hating (Guam: Stone, 1971) 

kapen (Ponape: Stone 5476) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-saipan: s. l., Hosokawa 6660 (US). 

Guam: Endlicher, 1835176; Chamisso s. n. (G, isotype); 

Haputo, Moran 4719; s. l., Saflord & Seale 1002 (US); 

McGregor 397 (US); SW slope Alifan, Anderson 337 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Arakabesan: Hardy 109 (US). 

Truk: Tol: Mt. Tumuital (Uiniboet), 200-460 m, Fosberg 

24465 (US). Moen: Ridge E of Moen Village, 100 m, Anderson 

Ponape: Mt. Nanalaut and Mt. Nginani, 2200 ft [670 m], 

Stone 5476 (BISH, US, GUAM); Anapeng-pa, Takamatsu 739 

(BISH, K); Kiti Dist., One, Nakao in 1941 (KYO); Matalanim 

Dist., Le Tan, Nakao in 1941 (KYO); Hallier s. n. 17. VIII.03 

(HBG); Nipit-one, Hosokawa 9587 (US); NW ridge Mt. 

Tamatamansakir, above Palikir and Nanpil, 150-250 m, 

Fosberg 26294 (US); Mt. Poaipoai, 700 ft [213 m] Glassman 

2476 (US); 750 ft [229 m], Glassman 2695 (US). 

Kusaie: Mt. Tafayet, S of Me Harbor, Fosberg 26660 (US); 

Mt. Wakapp, Takamatsu 408a (BISH, K); Kepla Plateau, near 

Palestik River, Falanruw 3546 (US). 

790 (US). 

Guettarda L. 

Gueffarda L., Sp. PI., 991-992, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5,428, 1754 [1753]. 

Trees and shrubs, sometimes spiny, leaves simple, opposite 

or rarely temate; stipules obovate or ovate or lanceolate, apex 

obtuse, often recurved; cymes axillary, dichotomous or rarely 

flowers reduced to 2 or 3, or 1, often secund; flowers bisexual, 

rarely polygamo-dioecious (4-) 5-8 (-10)-merous; calyx 

tubular, truncate to dentate; corolla salverform, lobes imbricate 

or their membranous margins infolded, undulate or crenulate; 

anthers sessile or subsessile, inserted in corolla throat, included 

or slightly exserted; ovary 2-9 celled, with 1 pendulous ovule 
NUMBER 81 59 

in each cell, style filiform with a cylindro-capitate stigma; fruit 

a drupe with 2 to 9 pyrenes united into a woody or bony stone, 

or corky and floating. 

Originally described in Genera Plantarum and species 

Plantarum as monoecious. 

Guettarda specwsa L. 

Guerrarda speciosa L., Sp. PI., 991, 1753.4hamiss0, Rern. Op., 145, 154, 

1821.-Endlicher, Ann. Wien, Mus. Naturgesch., 1:176, 1835.-Dana, 

Coral and Coral Islands, 1-398, 1872.-F. Mueller, Deser. Nat. Pap. PI., 59, 

1876.-Schumann, Bot. Jahrb., 9:221, 1881.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:475, 

1901; Notizbl., 4:90, 1903.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:288, 

1905.-Menill, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9:143, 1914.-Koidzurni, Bot. 

Mag. Tokyo, 29:255, 1915.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:304, 1929.- 

Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 358, 1933; Enurn. Micr. PI., 418, 1935.-Sabatier, Iles 

Gilbert, 1-298, 1939.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:216, 1940.- 

Okabe, Joum. Jap. For. SOC., 23:270, 1941; Nanyo no Sangyo, 3,1943.43. 

John, Pac. Sci., 2:112, 1948; 5:285. 1951.-Taylor, Plants of Bikini, 

199-200, 1950.-Anderson, Atoll Res. Bull., 7:111, 1951.-Glassrnan, 

Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:92-93, 1952; Pac. Sci., 7:295-296, 1953.- 

Guillaurnin, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 99:21-22, 1952.-Luornala, Bish. Mus. 

Bull., 213:23, 27, 1953.-Niering, Atoll Res. Bull., 49:22a, 1956; 76:l-15, 

1961.-Hatheway, Atoll Res. Bull., 55:2, 1957.-Moul, Atoll Res. Bull., 

57:21, 1957.4atala. Atoll Res. Bull., 59:95, 1957.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 

13:104, 1959. -Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962.-Kiste, 

Kili Island, 5 1, 74, 1968.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:544-545, 197 1.-Alkire, 

Micronesica, Atoll Res. Bull., 104, 1974.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 66, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15265, 1979.-Moore 

and McMakin, Plants of Guam, 40, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 41, 1980. 

Large shrub to small or medium-sized tree, very bushy, 

much branched in habit, twigs about 1 cm thick, subterete, 

pubescent with short incurved hairs that turn golden on about 

the 2nd or 3rd internode; leaves broadly oblong to somewhat 

ovate or obovate, on short thick petioles about 1-2 cm long, 5 

mm thick, terete, blades heavy chartaceous, nerves pinnate, 

10-11 pairs spreading widely, curving gradually into the 

margin, connected by irregularly ladder-like cross-nerves the 

spaces filled with several orders of close network, main nerves 

slightly puberulent above, densely short-pilose beneath, 

smaller nerves less so, apex obtuse with slight acumen, base 

cordate; stipules large, strongly acuminate, shortly sheathing, 

carinate where united at sides, sparsely strigose, caducous from 

all but first 1-3 nodes, leaving a row of small hairs (colleters) 

in axils; leaf scars orbicular slightly flattened distally, with a 

narrow horseshoe of bundle scars; cymes axillary from second 

node from apex, prominently pedunculate, peduncles strongly 

ascending, about 10 cm long, branching crowded, twice 

dichotomous, a sessile flower in each fork, with an oblong 

acute bract subtending it externally, each branch with about 5 

alternately disposed flowers in 2 rows, each subtended by a 

lanceolate bract; whole inflorescence appressed puberulent; 

calyx deeply cup-shaped, longer than wide, very shallowly 

3-lobed, with purplish rudiment very poorly developed in each 

sinus; corolla salverform, tube much longer than the obovate 

lobes, very slightly dilated gradually upward, 3-5 cm long, 

about 1.5 mm in diameter below, to 4 mm at top, pilose within, 

lobes 7-8, even on the same plant, lobes and tube puberulent 

without, lobes papillate within, tube pilose within except basal 

few mm; anthers same number as corolla lobes, linear, attached 

several mm below sinuses, dorsally but almost basally; style 

single, filiform, of 2 lengths, on brevistylous plants about l/z to 

2/3 length of corolla, on longistylous plants stigma slightly 

exerted, stigma short cylindric, truncate on top, exuding a drop 

of liquid; corolla opening in evening, strongly fragrant, 

dropping before noon next day, leaving the style, which usually 

falls somewhat later; both longistylous and brevistylous plants 

fruit abundantly; young fruit globose, mature ones depressed 

globose, drupaceous, flesh white, containing stiff fibers that 

persist after flesh rots or is eaten by hermit crabs; stone corky, 

floating, with 5 or 6 cells. 

USES.-Wood used as building material (Rota: Fosberg 

24947). Cold: Leaves of “tifif” (Alpinia carolinensis), of 

“alphos” (Eugenia javanica), of “warao,” of “job” (Phymatodes scolopendria or Angiopteris evecta?), of “teribuk” 

(Cheilanthes tenuifolia), and of “wararg” (Decaspermum 

fruticosum) are mixed, with which the whole body, starting 

with the head, is rubbed. Monthly troubles: Fruit, young leaves, 

and bark of “warao” are crushed together and the sap is taken 

(Yap: Okabe, 1943). Used as medicine: Branches have a 

magical significance in treatment of swelling. Wood used in 

paddles and construction. Used in garlands (Woleai: Alkire 39). 

Useful for house frames, house posts, outrigger booms, and the 

diagonal braces between the outrigger and the canoe hull. 

When large, it is also used for canoe hulls. The leaves are 

medicinal (Kili: Bikini people, St. John and Mason, 1953). 

Provides wood for house frames, house posts, and the 

construction of outrigger booms, and braces. The leaves were 

valued for medicinal qualities and were part of the native 

practitioners’ standard stock of remedies (Kili: Bikini people, 

Kiste, 1968). The wood is used in houses for rafters and wall 

frames, in canoes for hull and ribs. Formerly used in 

fire-making by friction. Flowers are commonly used in making 

garlands. Leaves are used as a fertilizer for babai and other 

plants (Tarawa: Catala, 1957). Timber tree (Micronesia: Okabe, 

1941). Wood for construction and implements. Root for shark 

hooks. Flowers for leis. (Kapingamarangi: Niering, 1956). 

Used for leis; leaves are spread on ground on which to dry 

Pandanus pulp; skin of fruit and Scaevola were said to cure 

venereal disease. (Onotoa: Moul, 1957). 

Usually regarded as a strand species, and very common 

along Old World tropical shores, but also in places at 

considerable elevations. In Micronesia upland Occurrences are 

frequent in the Marianas. 

panau (Rota: Kanehira, 1933) 

pano (Rota: Fosberg 24947) 

panao (Guam: Nelson, 14; Rodin 719; Dutton 132; Marche 25; 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

Menill, 1914) 
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

belau (Palau, Melekiok: Emmons 87) 

bellau (Palau, Koror: Raymondus in Valeton, 1929) 

blau (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

pelau (Palau, Babeldaob: Fosberg 32398) 

balow (Yap, Rul I.: Wong 401) 

bolow (Yap, Ruming I.: Wong 401) 

warao (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

uth (Ulithi: Mueller, 1876; Lessa 3) 

yuth (Ulithi: Fosberg 25465) 

outh (Fais: Evans 353) 

wut (Eauripik: Fosberg & Evans 47093) 

ood (Woleai: Wong 24) 

ut (Woleai: Alkire, 1974; Alkire 39) 

wut or wutu (Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 96; 4; Mueller, 1876; 

oot (Lamotrek: Fosberg & Evans 46770) 

muesor (Satawal: Fosberg 46945) 

moser (Namonuito: Stone, 1959) 

mosor (Nomwin: Fosberg 24559,24579; Evans 1086) 

moosor (Truk: Wong 228) 

mosor (Truk, Moen: Pelzer 72; Pis: Fosberg 24648) 

mosor (Satawan: Anderson 942) 

bua (Nukuoro: Carroll 55,34, 12) 

pua (Nukuoro: Fosberg 261 78) 

pau (Kapingamarangi: Niering 503, 619) 

ti pua (Kapingamarangi: Fosberg 26065) 

ti raupua (leaves) (Kapingamarangi: Fosberg 26065) 

mohsor (Ant: Glassman 2807) 

eet (Ponape: Glassman, 1953) 

ith (Ponape: Fosberg 26394) 

eet (Mokil: Glassman 2598) 

eles (Pingelap: St. John 21492) 

kienglak (Kusaie: Ward 215) 

Wutilomar (southern Marshalls: Hatheway, 1952) 

wut (Eniwetok: Fosberg 24364) 

wut (Utirik: Fosberg 33667) 

wut (Ujelang: Fosberg 34196) 

wut (Lae: Fosberg 34106) 

wut (Kwajalein: Cameron 2) 

wut i lomar (Likiep: Fosberg 27002) 

wudilonaro (Aur: St. John, 1951) 

wudi-lo-maro (Aur: St. John 21387) 

wut (Ailinglapalap: Fosberg 26800) 

wut (Majuro: St. John, 1951) 

wut (Amo, Ine I.: Anderson 3641) 

wut kolaema (Amo, Bikarej I.: Anderson 3752) 

wut (Kili: Bikini people; St. John and Mason, 1953; Kiste, 

wot (wuott) (utt) (Jaluit: Okabe, 1941) 

wut (Jaluit: Fosberg 26692) 

uri (Gilbert Is.: Luomala, 1953) 

ti uri (Abaiang: Catala 25) 

te uri (Tarawa: Catala, 1957) 

uri (Nonouti: Koch 14) 

Burrows s. n. in 1948) 

1968) 

ti uri (Tabiteuea: Luomala 19) 

ti uri (Onotoa: Moul 8280) 

kenrak (Kanehira, 1935) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.4audichaud (P). Saipan: Stephens 42 

(US), 70 (US); Mt. Tapotchau, N slope, in lower forest, 700 ft 

[214 m], Hosaka 2945 (US, BISH). 

Tinian: Kanehira, 1933:358; 1935:418. 

Agiguan: W Pt., edge of cliff, 200 ft [60 m], Kondo s. n. in 

1952 (BISH); s. l., Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH). 

Rota: Sabana, Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); Taipinkoto, 

Hosokawa 7661 (BISH, POM); Hosokawa 7547 (BISH, US); 

Sonson, ruined town-site, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24947 (US, BISH, 

POM); Sabana, Necker RS14 (US); from Songsong village to 

point above Aratsu Bay, 5-100 m, Evans 1947 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L, P); Songsong and vicinity, 5-10 m, Evans 2007 

(US); between airstrip and northmost part of island, 150-250 

m, Evans 2167 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P); vicinity of Rota 

airfield, Cheatham 173 (US); 0.5 km S of Songsong village, 

Fosberg with H. Moore 58293 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Guam: Memll, 1914:143; Guerrero 730 (BISH); s. l., G.E.S. 

119 (US, BISH); McGregor 550 (US, BISH); Cabras I., rocky 

cliffs near sea, Nelson 525 (BISH); forest between Yigo and 

Upe, Nelson 14 (BISH); N of Northwest Field, 500 ft [152 m], 

Steere 5 (US); E coast, N of Inarajan, edge of woods, P.H. 

Moore 366 (US); Tumon Bay area, P.H. Moore 387 (US); near 

Ritidian Pt., on N plateau, Rodin 719 (US); Ritidian Pt., Moran 

4452 (UC, POM); Ritidian Pt., near light, Anderson 209 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L); S of Tarague Bay, Muran 4574 (US, 

POM, UC); s. l., Marche 25 (POM, P); W of Barrigada Hill, 

near N.C.G. towers, Stone 3806 (GUAM); Hilaan Pt., P.H. 

Moore 500 (US); behind University of Guam, Falanruw 1416 

(US); Tarague Beach, 8 m, Anderson 243 (US); Harmon, 

Moore 56.3 (GUAM); Pagat (base of escarpment), Moore 56.2 

(GUAM); Pagat (near edge of escarpment), Moore 56.1 

(GUAM); Hilaan Pt., back of sandy beach, Moore 500 

(GUAM) (leaves not at all pointed); Ritidian Pt., behind beach, 

Cushing & Falanruw 715 (GUAM) (leaves sub-glabrous, 

narrow pointed). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PdaU: s. l., Ledermann 14069 (B): 

Kanehira 2477 (K, P); Richardson in 1967 (US); Hosokawa 

7310 (POM). Babeldaob: W coast of island, Ngerengel Pt., 

Aimeliik, top of beach, 2 m, Fosberg 32398 (US, BISH, POM); 

Ogiwaru, seashore, Takamatsu 1423 (BISH); Melekeok [= 

Melekiok], Emmons 87 (US). Koror: Ngemelis Group, Arimasuku Islet, Hobdy 1454 (BISH); islet in Iwayama Bay, 

Tuyama 9365 (GUAM). Aulupse’el: Takamatsu 1461 (K); 

Risong, Matuker Bay, Fosberg 47538 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L). Urukthapel: Dutton 87 (US, BISH, POM). Ngeanges: Rare 

in forest on sandy flat, 1 m, Fosberg 25786 (US, BISH). 

Angaur: s. l., Kanehira 2477 (US); northwest coast, on 

dissected coral limestone above sea, Fosberg 25935 (US, 
NUMBER 81 61 

BISH). 

(US, BISH). 

Sonsorol: From village to southern tip of island, Hardy 155 

Merir: Salsedo 374 (US). 

Mapia: Vink 12074 (L) acc. van Balgooy, letter, 8 Oct 1975. 

Sorol: Sorol I., King 25 (US). 

Yap: Volkens, 1901:475, sandy clay soil, 3 ft [l m], Wong 

401 (US, BISH, POM); Mer Peninsula, sea level, Cushing 638 

(US, GUAM). 

Ulithi: Mogmog I., common on broken coral and coral 

gravel, 3-4 m, Fosherg & Wong 25470 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); Lessa 3 (BISH); E Mogmog I., Knox 830 (US); Fasserai I., 

on outer beach, 2-4 m, Fosberg 25465 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); Portangeras I., in forest, 5 ft [1.2 m] Hosaka 3233 (US, 

BISH); Asor I., beach ridge, Fosberg 46461 (POM). 

Fais: Yldow, W coast near S end of island, 15 m, Fosberg 

46718 (US); Lochochoy, in village, 5 m, Evans 353 (US). 

Eauripik: Siding I., scrub around coconut grove, 1-5 m, 

Fosherg & Evans 47093 (US, BISH, POM). 

Woleai: Utagal I., grove on coral soil, 1-2 m, Wong 24 (US, 

BISH); Falalop I., in village, Evans 480 (POM); Wottagai I., 

village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 47073 (US); Falalis I., Alkire 39 (US). 

Faraulap: Pis I., village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 47287 (US). 

Ifaluk: Burrows s. n. in 1948 (BISH); N tip of Falarik, Abbott 

& Bates 96 (US, BISH); Ifaluk I., village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 

47190 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Ifaluk I., outer boulder ridge, 3 

m, Fosberg 47206a (US); Abbott & Bates 4 (US). 

Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., boulder ridge at east end of lagoon 

beach, Fosberg & Evans 46770 (US). 

Satawal: Satawal I., S side of island, 2 m, Fosberg 46945 

(US). 

Paluwat: Puluwat I., Niering, 1961:76 (seen in 1954). 

Namonuito: Piserras I., beach and rampart, 0-3, Evans 902 

(US); Magur I., beach and rampart, 0-3 m, Evans 931 (US). 

Nomwin: Nomwin I., near beach, 1-2 m, Fosberg 24559 

(US, BISH); in forest, 1-2 m, Fosberg 24579 (US, BISH); 

Fananu I., beach and rampart, 0-3 m, Evans 1086 (US); Ruo I., 

lagoon shore, 0-3 m, Evans 1156 (US). 

Truk: Moen: Pelzer 72 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). Kuli I. 

(near Romonum), 2 ft [0.6 m], Wong 228 (US, BISH, POM). 

Pueles I.. on reef, Anderson 798 (US, BISH, POM). Pis: Along 

beaches on coral sand and rock, 1-2 m, Fosberg 24648 (US, 

BISH); beach and rampart, 0-3 m, Evans 848 (US). Param 

(Kaedeshima): seashore, Takamarsu 325 (BISH). 

Nama: Anderson, seen but not collected. 

Losap: Losap I., lagoon shore, 0-5 m, Evans 1363 (US). 

Namoluk: Namoluk I., 1-2 m, Marshall 52 (US). 

Etal: Small islet northwest of island, Anderson 221 7 (US, 

Lukunor: Anderson, seen but not collected. 

Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 942 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Lalung I., Anderson 959 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Ta I., 

Anderson 1074 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Nukuoro: Kaujema I., along shore, 4 ft [ 1.2 m] (US, BISH); 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Hosaka 3461 (US, BISH); Sinukutai I., along outer beach, 1-2 

m, Fosberg 26178 (US, BISH); Hauosiga, Carroll 55 (US); 

Deahu, Carroll 34 (US); Dagamanga, Carroll 12 (US). 

Kapingamarangi: Seetaw I., along edge of islets and in open 

spaces in forests, 5 ft [1.5 m], Hosaka 3450 (US, BISH); Hare 

I., common along outer beach, less common in forest, 1 m, 

Fosberg 26065 (US, BISH); Taringa I., Niering 503 (US, 

BISH, POM); Werua I., Niering 619 (US, BISH, POM). 

Ant: Nikalap I., along beach, Glassman 2807 (US, BISH). 

Ponape: Na I., seashore, Takamatsu 847 (BISH); Narlap I., 

Hosaka 3572 (US, BISH); Nanmatol I., Matalanim Distr., in 

mangrove swamp on coral sand flats covered by tide, 0 m, 

Fosberg 26394 (US, BISH), Taman, Takamatsu 874 (BISH); 

Metalanim, low elev., Stone 5442 (GUAM). 

Mokil: Manton I., along strand, Glassman 2598 (US, BISH). 

Pingelap: St. John, 1948:112 (citing St. John 21492). 

Kusaie: Mt. Matante, at coast, Takamatsu 568 (BISH); 

Mwot, seashore, Takamatsu 457 (US, BISH); Ielu I., Metais 

area, Ward 215). 

MARSHALL IsLANDs.-Chamisso, 182 1 : 145, 154; Radak, 

Endlicher, 1835:176; Radak, Bryan s. n. in 1944 (BISH); 

Eschscholtz in Dec 1816 (LE); Eniwetok: Aomon I., 1-3 m, 

Fosberg 24364 (US, BISH); Eniwetok I., 1-4 m, Fosberg 

24294 (US); Igurin I., sandy flat, 5 ft, [2 m], Hosaka 2687 (US, 

BISH); Japtan I., 1-4 m, Fosberg 24318 (US, BISH); Engebe 

I., on coral flats, 1-5 m, Fosberg 24398 (US, BISH); Rigili I., 

Rainey s. n. (POM); Rigili I., St John 23745 (US, BISH); Runit 

I., St. John 23843 (BISH); Runit I., Taylor 46-1254 (US); 

Aitsu I., St. John 23793 (US, BISH); Bogon I., St. John 23773 

(BISH); Biijini I., St. John 23815 (US, BISH); Engebi I., Bryan 

s. n. in 1944 (BISH); Aniyaanii I., Taylor 46-1278 (US, 

BISH); Igurin I., 1-3 m, Fosberg 24312 (US, BISH); 

Bogombojo I., Taylor 46-1310 (US); Rujoru I., Tayfor 

46-1328 (US); Jieroru I., Taylor 46-1244 (US); Boken I., 

Lamberson Feb 1975 (MI). 

Bikini: Airukiraru I., Taylor 46-1161 (US); Enilrikku I., 

Taylor 46-1037 (US, BISH); Ourukaen I., Tayfor 46-1448 

(US); Namu I., Taylor 46-1122 (US); 46-1132 (US, BM); 

Rochikarai I., Taylor 46-1064 (US, BM); Bokonofuaaku I., 

Taylor 46-1057 (US); Lonchebi I., Taylor 46-1106 (US, 

BISH); Enyu I., Taylor 46-1011 (US, BISH); Bikini I., 

Fosberg 65199 (US, BISH). 

Ailinginae: Sifo I., Fosberg 36681 (US, BISH, POM). 

Rongelap: Eniwetok I., Taylor 46-1363 (US); Rongelap I., 

Rongerik: Bock I., Taylor 46-1407 (US); Latoback I., 

Taka: Taka I., Fosberg 33740 (US). 

Utirik: Utirik I., Fosberg 33667 (US). 

Ujelang: Ujelang I., Fosberg 34196 (US). 

Ujae: Bock I., Fosberg 34316 (US). 

Wotho: Wotho I., Fosberg 34276 (US). 

Lae: Lae I,, Fosberg 341 06 (US). 

Kwajalein: Ennylabegan: Bryan s. n. in 1944 (BISH); Herbsf 

Fosberg 36651 (US, BJSH, POM). 

Taylor 46-1418 (US). 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

8894 (US); Gugegwe I., Bryan s. n. in 1944 (BISH); Bennet 

(Bigej) I., Fosberg 26494 (US, BISH); Kwajalein I., Cameron 

2 (BISH); Roi-Namur I., Herbst 8965 (US); Gagan I., Herbst 

8996 (US); Legan I., Herbst 8937 (US). 

Ailuk: Ailuk I., Fosberg 33934 (US). 

Jemo: Fosberg 33897 (US). 

Likiep: Likiep I., near outer beach, 1-2 m, Fosberg 27002 

Mejit: Sea level, Stone 1079 (US). 

Wotje: Chamisso in 18 16 (LE). 

Aur: Tabal I., St. John 21387 (US, BISH). 

Ailinglaplap: Bikajle I., on flat coral sand and rubble, 1-3 m, 

Fosberg 26800 (US, BISH). 

Majuro: Islet W of Dalap, E end of atoll, 1-2 m, Fosberg 

26924 (US, BISH). 

Amo: Ine I., Anderson 3641 (US); Bikarej I., Anderson 3752 

(US, BISH, POM); Langar I., Hatheway 871 (US, BISH, 

POM). 

(US, BISH). 

Kili: Kiste, 1968:74 

Jaluit: Schumann, 1881:221; Jaluit I., S of Jabor, in thickets 

NAURU ISLAND.-Anetan, Burges K. 30 (K, NSW); Meneng, 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Woodford s. n. (BM); Jensen (K). 

Butaritari: Butaritari I., Herbst & Allerton 2763 (US). 

Marakei: Between Bainona village and walking bridge, 

Abaiang: Luomala, 1953: 14 (citing Sabatier, 1939). 

Tarawa: Volkens, 1903:90; Schumann, 1881:221; Bikenibeu, Catala 25 (P); Guillaumin, 1952:22; Bikenibeu I., 

Herbst & Allerton 2669 (US). 

Aranuka: Luomala, 1953:9 (from Sabatier, 1939:30); Nonouti: Tetua, Koch 14 (US). 

Tabiteuea: Luomala, 1953:36 (from Dana, 1872), 38 (from 

Woodford, 1895), 42 (from Mueller, 1876); Eita, Luomala 19 

(BISH). 

Onotoa: North I., Mod 8280 (BISH, US), 8079 (US), 8041 

(POM). 

on elevated coral rock, 1-2 m, Fosberg 26692 (US, BISH). 

S coast, Fosberg 58759 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Raulerson 381 1 (US). 

Guetturda specwsa L. var.? 

Leaves glabrate to slightly puberulent, firm, pointed at apex, 

varying in size but ranging to considerably smaller than is usual 

for the species. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Mt. Alifan, 260-265 m, 

Fosberg & Scully 59722 (US), 59731 (US), 59733 (US); 

Asanite Bay, Fosberg & P.H. Moore 59947 (US); Yigo, Dutton 

132 (US, BISH, GUAM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Ngetmedush, 12-13 m, 

Sherard & Spence 77 (US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Bikini Atoll: Enyu I., Taylor 46- 

1011 (S). 

material should be studied. 

These may represent a distinct variety but large amounts of 

Gynochthodes Blume 

Gynochrhodes Blume, Bijdr., 993, 1827. 

Woody climbers, nodes prominent; leaves coriaceous, 

opposite or whorled; flowers axillary or terminal, variously 

arranged, solitary, in racemes or racemoid thyrses, triads, or 

heads, bisexual or unisexual, 4-5 merous; stamens exserted 

from corolla tube; pistil with ovary 4-5 celled, 1 ovule in a cell 

axile attachment, inferior ovaries sometimes fused several into 

a syncarp, style bifid or stylode in staminate flowers simple; 

fruit a 2 or 5 celled drupe with 2 to 4 stones or a syncarpous 

drupe with 2 or 5 or more stones, one seed in each or some 

aborted. 

As many as 14 species ranging from the Andamans to Samoa 

(fide Airy Shaw, 1966), with one in Micronesia. 

Gynochthodes ovalifolia (Valeton) Kanehira 

Gynochthodes ovalifolia (Valeton) Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:351, 1931; 

Fl. Micr., 359, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 418, 1935.-Hosokawa, Journ. Jap. 

Bot., 13:615, 616, 1937.-Christophersen, Bish. Mus. Bull., 154:25-26, 

1938.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:219,1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:265, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 

1980. 

Plectronia ovalifolia Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:310, 1930. 

Gynochthodes truknsis Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. His. SOC. Formosa, 32: 18-19, 

1942. 

Gynochthodes verticillata (Valeton) Hosokawa,, Journ. Jap. Bot., 13:616, 

1937.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:266, 1979. 

Plectronia verticillata Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 61:60, 1927; 63:312, 1930. 

Canthiurn verticillaturn (Valeton) Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:672, 1932; 

Enum. Micr. PI., 416-417, 1935. 

Glabrous slender woody climbing liana, tending to be 

extensive, no strong odor noted; leaves opposite (no whorls 

noted in Micronesian specimens), from elliptic to oblong or 

almost orbicular, somewhat acuminate at apex, acutish at base, 

up to 10 or more cm long, apparently glossy above, veins 4-8 

on a side, petiole slender, 1-2 cm long; stipules sheathing, 

forming a very low truncate collar, persistent; flowers mostly in 

axillary loose clusters, rarely subcymose, or reduced to 

fascicles or one or two flowers, rarely in terminal triads, rachis 

with one or two nodes, the lower with usually 2 flowers or 

branches that may bear one or several flowers, the upper 

bearing a pseudo whorl, an umbel, or a pair of pedicels, these to 

1 cm or more long, hypanthium urceolate; calyx very short, 

subtruncate or slightly denticulate; corolla with (4 or) 5 lobes, 

these valvate, much exceeding tube, tube to 4 mm, lobes to 7 

mm, narrowly lanceolate, densely woolly within, bluntly 

pointed; anthers 4-4.5 mm long, linear, slightly swollen at tips, 

strongly exserted on glabrous filaments attached about 1 mm 
NUMBER 81 63 

from base of anther; style glabrous, exserted 3-4 mm, stigma 

lobes blunt, about 4 mm long, stigmatic on inner sides, margins 

slightly revolute; fruit a drupe up to 16 x 11 mm, ovoid to 

subglobose, with 4 or 5 thin-walled stones, one or more usually 

undeveloped, without a seed. 

Plants from other parts of range, e.g., Samoa, are larger, have 

fruits much larger than those in Micronesia, with all four stones 

with developed seeds. Not enough fruiting Micronesian 

specimens are available to tell if a different taxon is involved. 

Gynochthodes trukensis and Micronesian plants, at least, of G. 

verticillata, seem to fall within the range of variation of this 

plastic species. Uncommon in volcanic and limestone areas in 

open forest; not well known. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

daenot (Palau: Otobed list) 

megikkal (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: s. l., Kanehira 235 (BISH). 

Babeldaob: Richardson 33 (US); Aimeliik, Hosokawa 7252 

(US, A); Garikiai, Takamatsu 1741 (BISH, US); Kamsetsu, 

Takamatsu I I18 (BISH); Garudokku [Ngardok], Takamatsu 

1270 (BISH); Mecherechan I., Otobed P-10124 (US); Arumizu, Takamatsu 1728 (BISH, US). Koror: Hosokawa 9091 

(A); Ngebkuu, Emmons 67 (US, BISH). Oropusyakaru-naisoku 

[Aulupse’el]: Hosokawa 9785 (BISH, A). 

Truk: Moen: Takamarsu 237 (BISH). Dublon: Kanehira, 

1936; 201. Fefan: Hosokawa, 1937, 201. Tol: Hosokawa 8328 

(BISH, US, isotypes of G. trukensis); Mt. Tumuital (Uiniboet), 

200-400 m, Fosherg 24470a (US). 

Ponape: Kanehira I722 (US). 

Hedyotis L. 

Hedyotis L., Sp. Pl., 101, 1753; Gen. Pl., 44, 1754 [= 17531. 

Oldenlandia L., Sp. Pl., 119, 1753; Gen. PI., 55, 1754 [= 17531. 

Leptopetalum Hooker and Amon, Bot. Beechey Voy., 295, t. 61, 1841 [1838]. 

Habit various; leaves opposite (rarely whorled), entire; 

stipules interpetiolar, low triangular to somewhat sheathing, 

entire or pectinate; inflorescence axillary or terminal, cymose 

or thyrsoid or flowers in close axillary verticels, pedunculate 

heads, or glomerules, or solitary, flowers sessile or pedicellate, 

usually 4-merous; corolla salverform to funnelform, rarely 

almost rotate, tube short to somewhat elongate, cylindric, 

dilated upward, or somewhat globose; stamens usually attached 

below sinuses, rarely basal; style with 2 branches, stigmatic on 

inner faces; fruit a capsule, globose, cup-shaped or somewhat 

compressed, crowned by persistent calyx, disk flat or elevated, 

dehiscence loculicidal, septicidal, or both, rarely indehiscent; 

locules 2 with axile, more or less fleshy placentae covered by 

seeds, these various, usually peltate or angular by compression, 

rarely angles winged, hilum superficial, on a prominence, or in 

a pit. 

A very large pantropical and temperate genus, if accepted in 

a broad sense as treated here, adapted to many and diverse 

habitats. Many of the species are found in open, weedy or 

savanna situations but some are plants of forests, especially 

montane ones. The genus is well represented on islands, 

especially in the tropics. Twenty seven species, some with 

several varieties, are found in Micronesia, of which five or 

possibly six may be introduced. Of the native ones, all but four 

are endemic. Only one, Hedyotis biflora, possibly an aboriginal 

introduction, is found on low coral islands (as well as on high 

islands). 

Key to Micronesian Species of Hedyotis 

1. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal open few-flowered (usually 7 or less) cyme or 

Flowers solitary, axillary ............................ 3 

Pedicels short, leaves ovate, pointed. ............... H. pumila 

Pedicels 1 cm or more long, capillary, leaves narrow ...... H. lancifolia 

Flowers 3 or several in cymes .......................... 4 

Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate .............. H. corymbosa 

Leaves ovate, elliptic or obovate ....................... 5 

Leaves thin ovate, cymes with capillary pedicels, capsules thin-walled, 

globose ............................. H. biflora 

Leaves thick or firm, cymes with stout pedicels, flowers in triads, capsules 

firm, thick-walled ...................... H. stngulosa 

1. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, many-flowered, or if few flowered, densely so 

.......................................... 6 

Plant a wiry herb, probably annual ................ H. cyanantha 

Plant with strong stems ............................. 7 

7. Terminal panicles on main stems, no axillary cymes except rarely in 

uppermost axils .............................. .8 

flowers solitary in leaf axils ........................... 2 

2. 

3. 

3. 

4. 

4. 

2. 

5. 

5. 

6. 

6. 
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

8. Stems sharply 4-angled, flowers 1 cm or more long .... H. megalantha 

8. Stems not sharply 4-angled, flowers less than 1 cm long ......... 9 

9. Corolla tubular, fruits globose, 2 mm diam. .......... H. foe& 

9. Corolla subrotate, fruits ovoid, 3 mm long ........ H. kunehirae 

7. Inflorescence axillary or both axillary and terminal ............. 10 

10. Inflorescences verticillate, axillary or axillary with terminal or pedunculate 

heads .................................. 11 

11. Plants densely hairy .................... H. tomentosa 

11. Plants glabrous or inconspicuously hairy, or at least leaves nearly or quite 

glabrous, or openly hirsute ..................... 12 

12. Leaves large, usually well over 9 cm, long- petiolate ......... ............................. H. cornifolia 

12. Leaves less than 9 cm, shortly petiolate to subsessile ....... 13 

13. Stems stiff, erect, verticels and heads or glomerules usually densely 

flowered ............................ 14 

14. Shrubs, stems not sharply angled, terminal heads usually not 

present. ..................... H, sachetiana 

14. Herbs or suffrutescent, stems 4-angled, terminal heads present 

........................ H. uncinelloides 

13. Stems weak, tending to be decumbent or prostrate, often rooting at 

nodes, verticels small, usually few- flowered or if many flowered 

15. Veins very obscure on under side of leaves, terminal heads 

15. Veins evident terminal head-like cymules present, or if not, plants 

16. Stems glabrous, stipules with 7-1 1 setae, axillary pedunculate 

16. Stems pilose, stipules with 4 pilose setae, pedunculate heads 

absent .................... H. auricularia 

10. Inflorescence not verticillate, usually cymose or with peduncled heads or 

glomerules ............................... 17 

18. Plant notably hairy. ..................... H. vestitu 

18. Plant glabrous or nearly so ............... H. ponupensis 

Flowers or fruits in axillary, axillary and terminal or terminal cymes, 

thyrses, or panicles .......................... 19 

19. Thyrses small, strictly axillary, peduncles slender to 1 mm thick, 

terminal heads usually present. ................ 15 

lacking. ..................... H. verticillata 

hairy, ............................ 16 

heads present ................. H. ponapensis 

17. Flowers or fruits in heads or glomerules on axillary peduncles .... 18 

17. 

rhachis 2-4 internodes long ................... 20 

20. Plant generally hirtellous ................ H. tuyamae 

20. Plant glabrous except rarely some puberulence on smaller inflorescence branches ......................... 21 

21. Inflorescences open, flowers not glomerate . . , . H. divuricatn 

2 1. 

19. Thyrses branch-like, with heavy peduncles, in upper axils or, 

22. Plant corymbosely branched at top, branches may be interpreted as 

separate thyrses, or the whole as a compound terminal inflorescence.. ............................ 23 

23. Branching of panicles ending in trichotomously branched 

23. Branching of smaller panicle branches forking with a pedicillate 

......................... H. korrorensis 

Inflorescences condensed, glomerate ....... H. cushingiae 

occasionally terminal ....................... 22 

cymules, stipules pectinate ............ H. laciniata 

flower in each fork, stipules entire or somewhat lobed .... 
NUMBER 81 65 

22. Inflorescences elongate open thyrses in upper axils, the whole giving 

a paniculate appearance but not appearing corymbose .... 24 

24. Distal branching of thyrses ascending, racemiform ........ ......................... H. scabrid~olia 

24. Distal branching of thyrses divaricate ............. 25 

Inflorescence branchlets ending in small tight heads. ..... 

Inflorescence branchlets ending in few-flowered glomerules, 

flowers pedicellate .................... 26 

Stipules pectinate. .............. H. fruticulosa 

Stipules entire to irregularly lobed .... H. aimiriikensis 

25. 

25. 

...................... .H.suborthogona 

26. 

26. 

Hedyotis aimiriikensis Kanehira 

Hedyofis aimiriikensis Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:4, 

1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 26:225, 1936. 

Shrub, stem unbranched to slightly branched, subglabrous, 

about 1 m or more tall, when branched decussately so, 

internodes 4-6 cm long; leaves petiolate, chartaceous, olivegreen, concolorous when dry, ovate-oblong to oblong, to 9 x 4 

cm, apex obtuse to very shortly acuminate at apex, obtuse to 

subtruncate at base abruptly attenuate to a flattened petiole 7-9 

mm long; stipules broadly ovate, entire to irregularly lobed, 

lobes linear; panicles terminal and axillary, up to 12 cm long, 

decussately branched, leaves grading smaller into bracts and to 

linear bractlets 4-5 mm long; calyx tube (hypanthium) 

obconic, glabrous, lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 mm 

long scarcely 0.5 mm wide; “capitulis” (= capsules)] stipitate, 

oblong about 3 mm long, thickly coriaceous, septicidally 

bilocular; seeds 2 in each locule, angulate (roughly translated 

from Kanehira). 

Kanehira says apparently allied to Hedyotis korrorensis, but 

it differs by its petioled leaves with subtruncate base and nearly 

horizontally divaricating branched panicles and somewhat 

longer pedicels. 

Hatusima reduces this outright to H. korrorensis, but the 

photo shows a plant with quite different inflorescence, and 

Kanehira’s description mentions this difference. We have not 

seen the type, Kanehira’s #2369, from Aimiriik, and no other 

material has, to our knowledge, been referred to this species. 

Thus it is, if maintained, a local endemic to Aimiriik, in 

southwestern Babeldaob. 

For the time being, until more material becomes available, 

we will maintain it as a member of the H. fruticulosa group. 

Hedyotis auricularia L. 

Hedyotis auricularia L., Sp. PI., 101-102, 1753.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:266, 1979.-Fosberg et. al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 

1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:215, 1991. 

Oldenlandia auricularia (L.) F. v. Mueller, Syst. Census Austr. PI., 1:74, 

1882.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:475, 1901.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 

422, 1935.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:297, 1930. 

Hedyofis auriculata L. ex Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 26:221, 

1936 [an error for auricularia]. 

Variety auricularia is not known from 

nally described from Ceylon. 

Micronesia, origiHedyotis auricularia var. dispersa Fosberg 

Hedyotis auricularia var. dispersa Fosberg, Allertonia 6:208, 1991. 

Young growth and usually under-sides of leaves spreading 

pilose or villous, leaves usually elliptic, about 5 x 2 cm, slightly 

or not acuminate, abruptly mucronate, petioles 5 mm or less; 

stipules low, triangular, pectinate with 5 (-7) very unequal 

pilose setae, the central one longer; cymes dense, axillary, 

rather few flowered; calyx lobes pilose, linear-lanceolate, 

persistent; corolla campanulate, lobes and tube subequal, lobes 

oblong-ovate; capsule indehiscent, nut-like, globose, 1.5 mm 

long, rugose, hard, crowned by calyx lobes; seed blackish, 

peltate-tetrahedral. 

Ecology and geographical distribution: Growing in forest, or 

in semi-cultivated forest around dwellings, at 10-15 m 

elevation, in Yap and Palau. Similar forms, with smaller, less 

acuminate leaves and more abundant pubescence, are found 

from southeast Asia to India and Ceylon. First reported from 

Yap by Volkens. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Ngelwa, Hosokawa 9181 

(BISH); Ngerur I., NW Koror Mun., 15 m, Canfield 675 (US). 

Yap: Luej village, SE of Airstrip, 10-15 m, 27 July 1965, 

Fosberg 46603 (US, holotype, BISH, POM, BM, isotypes); 

“Mabo” [Map], Hosokawa 8812 (US, A); s. l., Hallier s. n. 

(HW. 

Hedyotis bifrora (L.) Lamarck 

Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:272, 1791 [1792].-Fosberg, 

Occ. Pap. Bishop Mus., 15:214, 1940.4~ John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 

1951.-Anderson, Atoll Res. Bull., 7:iii, 195l.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. 

Bull., 209:93, 1952; Pac. Sci., 7:296, 301, 1953.4atala. Atoll Res. Bull., 

59:96, 1957.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:104, 1959.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll 

Res. Bull., 92:35, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, 6546, 1971.-Fosberg, 

Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 22:40, 1975.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:266, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 

41, 198O.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:216, 1991. 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Oldenlandia biflora L., Sp. PI., 119, 1753.-Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci., Bot, 

9:146, 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 422, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. 

Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:220, 1936. 

Oldenlandia paniculala L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2:1667, 1763.-Endlicher, Ann. 

Wien. Mus. Naturgesch., 1:175, 1835.-Schumann and Lauterbach, R. D. 

Schutzg., 55, 1901.-Volkens; Bot. Jahrb., 31:475, 1901; Notizbl., 491, 

1903.--Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 9:337-38, 1905.-Valeton, Bot. 

Jahrb., 63:297, 1930. 

Erect to spreading or almost prostrate herb, glabrous or 

nearly so, branched, sometimes diffusely much branched, to 

3-4 dm tall or long, internodes quadrangular; leaves thin, up to 

3 x 1.5 cm, ovate or elliptic, shortly acuminate or acute, 

few-veined; stipules triangular-acuminate, sometimes with one 

or more subordinate pairs of teeth, rarely bifid, adnate to 

petioles at base; cymes loosely few flowered, terminal, and 

axillary, or reduced to triads or to several, or even single, 

axillary pedicels, pedicels filiform, up to 1 cm or even 1.5 cm 

in fruit, lowest bracts foliaceous, reduced upward to scales or 

subulate vestiges; calyx-lobes triangular, acute, not much 

accrescent in fruit; corolla white, broadly tubular, about 2-3 

mm long, lobes ovate, about 1 mm long, slightly spreading, 

tube sometimes swollen, the whole thin and readily caducous, 

usually lacking from specimens, throat in some with tufts of 

hair; anthers subsessile in throat; style subequal with tube, 

bifid, glabrous; fruit subglobose, slightly compressed, about 

2.5-3 mm high; seeds subglobose, dull brownish to black, 

rugose. 

Widely distributed from south Asia to Micronesia and 

western Polynesia in disturbed or weedy habitats, its prehuman range uncertain; obviously spread by human activities. 

An extremely variable species, but clear geographic or 

ecological varieties difficult to establish. Further field study 

would be desirable. 

USES.-The leaves may be chewed, then the juice spit into 

the mouth of a baby to keep the baby strong. The chewed leaves 

are then spread on the joints and the lower back to make the 

baby strong (Sonsorol, Berry 109). Ingredient in medicine 

(Woleai, Alkire 57). 

sechal kelelamalk (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

warumaho (Sonsorol: Berry 109) 

waleuionger (Ulithi: Lessa 87) 

gobwusal (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) 

hobwusal (Woleai: Alkire 57) 

opusal (Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 79,58) 

aloe mach (Namoluk: Marshall 23) 

iupuonalo (Satawan: Moch I.; Anderson 965) 

malite (Satawan: Satawan I., Anderson 1087) 

kinoj (Amo: Anderson, 1951) 

teu teute (Butaritari: Catala, 1957) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-Agrigan: Midwest coast, 150 ft [45 

ml, Falanruw 2343 (US); trail around S side of island, 10-20 

m, Fosberg 31580 (US, BISH, POM, L, NSW, NY). 

Alamagan: SSW coast, 350 ft [ 106 m], Fulunruw 1888 (US); 

s. l., Anderson 414 (US, BISH, POM, K, MO, CHR). 

Anatahan: Hosokawa 78367 (BISH, A); W end of N coast, 

below 250 ft [76 m], Falanruw 1689 (US); NW comer of 

island, 200-300 ft [60-90 m], Falunruw 1612 (US); NW tip of 

island, 0-10 m, Evans 2454 (US); trail up from W anchorage, 

15 m, Raulerson 1073 (US). 

Saipan: Chalan-Kanoa, Hosaka 2983 (US, BISH, POM). 

Guam: Voy. Astrolabe, s. l., s. coll. (P, 2 sheets); Astrolabe 

“Le Cg,” 1828 (P); G.E.S. 114 (BISH, US, NSW, K, BM), 62 

(BISH, NSW, US); Agana, Saford & Seale 1064 (US); Piti 

village, 4-50 ft [l-15 m], G.C. Moore 145 (US); college 

campus, Mangilao, Stone 4665 (GUAM, US); Kotod, S of cross 

island road, 100 m, Fosberg 39194 (US); Pipeline Road in 

Chaot River ravine, Fosberg 59667 (US); SE of Anao Pt., 200 

m, Fosberg 31941 (US, BISH, POM, K, BRI); valley just back 

of Pago Bay, Fosberg 25356 (US, BISH, MO, A, L); Dan Dan, 

110 m, Fosberg 35555 (US, BISH); plateau between Ylig and 

Talofofo Rivers, 100 m, Fosberg 25324 (US, BISH, UC, P); S 

bank Talofofo River, 300 m above mouth, Fosberg 35450 (US, 

BISH, P). E end of Bile Bay, Marizo, Raulerson 4836 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: s. I., Ledermann 13141 (B). 

Babeldaob: Border of NE Aimeliik and Ngetpang Munics., 10 

m, Canfield 683 (US). Koror: Blackburn E 35 (US). Ngerebe’ed: Fosberg 32486 (US). Aulupse’el [Oropsyakaru]: 

Hosokawa 7443 (US), 7442 (US). Todai-san, Hosokawu 7528 

(US). 70 Islands, Bkulomekerall I. (13), West Beach, 3 m, 

Raulerson 16603 (US). 

Sonsorol: Berry 109 (US, BISH); Salsedo 364 (US). 

Yap: Hallier 30 X .03 (HBG); Colonia, Fosberg 59976 (US); 

Ma’alai village, Mun. Kanifay, 3 m, Fosberg 46345 (US). 

Ulithi: Mogmog, Fosberg & Wong 25529 (US, BISH, POM, 

MO, L, BRI, GUAM); Lessa 87 (BISH); Fassarai, Hosaka 

321 7 (US, BISH); Potangeras, 2 m, Hosaka 3238 (US, BISH, 

POM). 

Sorol: Bigeliwol, King 35 (US). 

Woleai: Falelis I., Fosberg 46997 (US); Alkire 57 (US); 

Falalop I., Evans 455 (US, BISH); Sholiap I., Fosberg 47029 

(US); Utagal I., Wong 35 (US, BISH, POM, K, A, MO). 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., Fosberg & Evans 47313 (US, BISH, 

US, CHR). 

Ifaluk: Falarik I., Abbott & Bates 79 (BISH, US), 58 (BISH, 

US); Ifaluk I., Fosberg 47223 (US, BISH, POM, GUAM), 

47228 (US). 

Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., Fosberg & Evans 40750 (US). 

Satawal Island: Fosberg 46873 (US). 

Puluwat: Puluwat I., Niering 763 (BISH), 762 (US). 

Namonuito: Piseras I., Evans 858 (US, BISH, POM); Ono I., 

Evans 1030 (US, BISH); Onara I., Evans 983 (US); Magur I., 

Evans 956 (US, BISH, MO, NSW). 

Murilo: Murilo I., Evans 1244 (US); Ruo I., Evans 1168 

(US). 
NUMBER 81 67 

Nomwin: Fananu I., Evans 1113 (US, BISH); Nomwin I., 

Fosberg 24574 (US, BISH). 

Truk: Wong 183 (BISH, US); “Ile Shix-archipel Hogoleu ou 

de rouge” Hombron in 1841 (P); petite ile de Rongi, groupe des 

Iles Hogoleu, Hombron in 1868 (G). Moen: Takamatsu 197 

(BISH); Mechetiu village, NE of Bou Bay, Fosberg 24422 (US, 

BISH, BRI, B); near Moen village, Anderson 731 (US, BISH, 

CHR, P, NY). Udot: Folomo (or Faloma) village, Fosberg 

24479 (US, BISH, POM). Pis: Fosberg 24658 (US, BISH, 

POM, MO, BM, TI); Evans 810 (US, BISH), 826 (US). 

Nama: Anderson 904 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), Evans 1309 

(US). 

Namoluk: Namoluk I., Marshall 23 (BISH, US). 

Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2126 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); Oneop I., Anderson 2064 (US). 

Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 965 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Satawan I., Anderson 1087 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Ta I., 

Anderson 1044 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Ponape: Langar, Hallier 6 x .03 (HBG); “weg nach dem 

Scheuasstand,” Hallier s. n. 30. IX .03 (HBG). 

Mokil: Hallier s. n. 16. IX .03 (HBG); Tarabus, Kalap I., 

Glassman 2622 (US, BISH). 

Pingelap: Pingelap I., Glassman 2655 (US, BISH); Hallier s. 

n. 5.IX .03 (HBG); Hallier 8. IV. 03 (HBG). 

Kusaie: Ualan, D’urville in 1827 (P); Lelehafen, Hallier s. n. 

3.IX.03 (HBG); Lele I., sea level, Glassman 2713 (US, BISH); 

Malemu, Hosokawa 6338 (BISH, A), 6342 (BISH, A), 6352 

(US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Likiep: Lado I., Fosberg 33792 

(US); Likiep I., Fosberg 27041 (US, BISH, POM, L); Aikini I., 

Fosberg 27049 (US, BISH, MO, BM, CHR); Likiep I., Fosberg 

36722 (US, BISH, POM). 

Ailinglapalap: Enubing, Fosberg 26893 (US, BISH, A, K, 

NSW). 

Majuro: Uliga I., St. John 21370 (US, BISH, NSW); islet at 

E end, Fosberg 26933 (US, BISH, B, GUAM, MO); Wend of 

Majuro I., Fosberg 26968 (US, BISH, POM); Dalap I., Fosberg 

31191 (US, BISH, G, BM). 

Arno: Ine I., Anderson 3686 (US, BISH, POM); Langar I., 

Hatheway 862 (US, BISH, POM). 

Jaluit: Fosberg and Sachet, 1962:35 (citing St. John 21660); 

Imruj I., Fosberg 26768 (US, BISH, BRI, NY, CHR, TI); 

Mejatto I., Fosberg 26784 (US, BISH, UC, P). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Butaritari: Butaritari I., Herbst & 

Allerton 271 1 (US); Carala 67 (P). 

Hedyotis cornifolia Kanehira 

Hedyotis cornifolia Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 255, f. 6, 1935; 

Enum. Micr. PI., 418, 1935.-Fosberg. Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:266, 1979.-Fosberg. Allertonia, 6:219, 1991. 

Hedyotis macrophyllu sensu Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:224, 

1936 [non Wallich in Wight and Arnott, Prodr., 408, 18341. 

Hedyotis corniphyllu Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 418, 1935 [error for 

cornifolia]. 

Shrub or robust herb to 15 m tall, stem to 8 mm thick, 

slightly 4-sided, glabrous, youngest part fistulose, internodes to 

6 cm long; leaves large, blades thin, broadly elliptic, to 13 x 9 

cm, apex acuminate, base acutely narrowed to a long petiole, to 

5 cm, young leaves sparsely but prominently pilose, glabrate 

when older, lateral nerves about 7 or 8 on a side; stipules large, 

thin, united, funnelform, 8-10 mm long, margins densely 

pectinate with strong, bristle-covered setae about 4 mm long, 

persistent (in Takamatsu 1277 neither persistent nor bristly), 

stipules becoming distended by developing axillary heads of 

flowers and fruits, finally splitting and shrivelling; axillary 

heads densely many-flowered, hirsute (except in Takamatsu 

1277); calyx and hypanthium shortly hirsute, calyx lobes 

linear-lanceolate acuminate; corolla funnel-form, 4-5 mm 

long, glabrous without, villous within, lobes 1.5 mm long, 

oblong-ovate; anthers linear-oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm long, dorsifixed on short filaments, conspicuously exserted, erect; 

capsules obovoid, hirsute, about 3 mm long, deeply septicidally 

dehicent, then shallowly loculicidal; seeds dull blackish, 

suborbicular, peltate, basally substipitate, about 0.6 mm 

diameter. 

This species is closely related to H. macrophylla Wallich of 

south and southeast Asia and H. plafjphylla Merrill of Borneo. 

It is, so far as known, endemic to the volcanic parts of 

Babeldoab, Palau, where it grows in dense forests. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Arumonogui, Kanehira, 1.c. (1935) (his no. 2088, type; not seen); Ngatpang, 

Takamatsu 1277 (US); ESE of Alomongui Pt., 80 m, Canfield 

614 (US), 616 (US); “Kyu-gasupin, Toki-hukin-sinrin” Hosokawa 7007 (A). 

Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamarck 

Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:272, 1791 [1792].- 

Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:93, 1952.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. 

Bull., 92:35, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:546-47, 1971.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:266, 1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:219, 

1991. 

Oldenlandia corymbosu L., Sp. PI., 119, 1853.-Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. 

Bot., 9:146, 1914.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:297, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. PI., 422, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:220, 

1936. 

Small slender herbaceous plant with wiry branching stems, 

glabrous to slightly scabridulous, prostrate to ascending, 

internodes usually 1-2 cm long; leaves lanceolate, often 

revolute so as to appear linear, about 1-1.5 cm long, apex 

acutish, sharply mucronulate, subsessile, base narrowed, 

slightly winged, margins glabrous or slightly ciliolate; stipules 

triangular, adnate to leaf-bases, margins with 3 to 5 unequal 

capillary setae; flowers in axillary irregularly branched often 

triflorous or several flowered filiform cymes, or these reduced 

to 1 to 3 axillary pedicels, flowering pedicels 1-4 mm, 
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

elongating slightly but seldom over 5 mm, subtended by 

minute subulate bractlets; calyx of 4 separate but contiguous 

narrowly triangular-acuminate slightly aristate lobes, bases 

separating widely on fruit; corolla white to pinkish, slightly 

funnelform, lobes exceeding tube, throat inconspicuously 

hairy; anthers minute, visible in sinuses of corolla; capsules 

depressed globose, 2 mm wide, 1.2 mm high, slightly 

compressed, thin-walled, disk slightly elevated, loculicidal; 

seeds minute, elliptic-tetrahedral or sub-peltate, about 0.3 mm 

long, dull olive-brown, surface sub-papillate or sub-reticulate. 

A pantropical weed, probably of Old World origin, known 

from Micronesia for many years but has become much more 

widespread and abundant in the last few years; found in open to 

somewhat shaded places on bare soil, in cultivated, disturbed or 

ruderal situations. 

Hedyotis corymbosa var. corymbosa, as described above. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Rota: Songsong village, 20 m, 

Herbst & Falanruw 6774 (US); 1.3 mi [2.1 km] N of S curve, 

Raulerson 19100 (US). 

Guam: Merrill, 1914:146; Naval Air Station, Agana, 85 m, 

Fosberg 35511 (US); Agana, 2 m, Fosberg & Evans 46205 

(US); 1 m, Fosberg 35235 (US); 5 m, Fosberg 31248 (US); 

College of Guam, 50 m, Evans 244 (US); Northwest Field, 185 

m, Fosberg 35383 (US); Tamuning, 15 m, Fosberg 35192 

(US); beach below Bijia Pt., 5 m, Evans 1646 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); Mt. Tenjo-Mt. Reconnaissance, 800 ft [244 m], 

Moore 81 (US); Pati Pt., Necker 329 (US); Andersen AFB, 

Moran 4411 (US, UC, POM); s. I., G.E.S. 89 (US, NSW, 

BISH); Ritidian Pt., 165 m, Fosberg 39265 (US, BISH); mouth 

of Laguas River, Fosberg 59708 (US); Dan Dan Radio 

Tracking Station, 3 mi [4.8 km] NW of Inarajan, Fosberg & 

Raulerson 59738 (US, BISH, POM, NY); university campus, 

Mangilao, Fosberg 59745 (US, BISH, POM); Mangilao, near 

university, Fosberg 59665 (US); agriculture station, Scully 194 

(US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Above falls in 

Ngerdong River, Ngeremlengiu, Raulerson 5828 (US); Modekngei School, Ibbang, 3 m, Raulerson 6073 (US). Koror: 

Entomology lab, Blackburn 275 (US, BISH). Ngerebe’ed: 10 

m, Fosberg & Evans 47434 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 10 m, 

Fosberg 32488 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Otobed PW-10029 

(US). Peleliu: Fish pond 0.3 mi [0.5 km] SSE of Mt. Amiagal, 

2 m, Canjield 424 (US); Ngalkol village, 2 m, Fosberg 47630 

(US, BISH). Angaur: N end of island, 3-4 m, Fosberg 25967 

(US, BISH); E side of island, 3-5 m, Fosberg 31990 (US, 

BISH); 0.6 mi [0.9 km] due E of Pkulangelul, Canfield 233 

(US). 

Fais: Inland from S end of island, 15 m, Fosberg 46685 (US, 

BISH). 

Truk: Moen: Moen village, Fosberg 60171 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L). 

Ponape: Kolonia, agriculture experiment station, Fosberg 

58435 (US); Kolonia, Glassman 2871 (US, BISH); agric. 

exper. station, Glassman 2423 (US, BISH); vicinity of Kolonia, 

Glassman 2753 (US); s. f., Ledermann 13923 (B); near 

Kolonia, Stone 1967 (GUAM); Kolonia, Fosberg 60420 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY), 58560 (US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., Fosberg 

41376 (US, BISH, POM), 48020, (US), 48018 (IJS, BISH, 

POM, NY, L). Ennylabegan: Herbst 8902 (US; Illiginni I., 

Herbst 8979 (US), 9033 (US); Omelek, Herbst 9020 (US). 

Jaluit: Fosberg 41398 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bairiki, Raulerson 3659 (US). 

Hedyotis corymbosa var. ampla Fosberg 

Hedyotis corymbosa var. amploa Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:220, 1991. 

Erect to diffuse, sparsely branching delicate herb, to 30 cm 

tall, stems subglabrous, slightly minutely puberulent near 

nodes, weakly quadrangular, angles smooth to minutely 

scaberulous; leaves broadly lanceolate, 20-26 x 4-5 mm, 

becoming revolute and narrower on drying, bluntly acute, 

slightly mucronulate, sessile or subsessile, venation very 

obscure except midrib; stipules pectinate with very fine delicate 

setae, 2 usually much longer than the l-several smaller ones at 

each side, capillary-caudate; flowers solitary in axils or in 

capillary 2 or 3 flowered cymes, pedicels capillary, 5-8 mm, 

turbinate, slightly campanulate, 0.6-0.7 mm long; calyx lobes 

ovate-acuminate, minutely scabrous on margin and midribs; 

corolla white, fading lavender, corolla tube 1 mm long and 

wide, lobes ovate-elliptic, bluntly acute, 1 mm long, margins 

minutely papillate-ciliate, throat closed by a beard of straight 

hairs; anther suborbicular, bluish, inserted about half-way 

down the tube; style about l/2 as long as tube, stigma capitate, 

obscurely lobed; fruit hemispheric, about 1 x 2 mm, slightly 

compressed transversely to septum, disk only slightly elevated, 

very slightly carinate transversely to septum; placentae 

globose, attached to middle of septum; seeds many, about 0.3 

x 0.2 mm, cuneoid, outer side convex, inner wedge-shaped, 

surface dark sooty brown, minutely foveolate-reticulate, scar 

not at all sunken in a pit. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Tinian: Airport, Fosberg 59861 

(US); Marpo Well, Fosberg 59869 (US); House of Taga, San 

Jose village, Fosberg 59892 (US). 

Guam: Chaot River Ravine, along pipe-line road, Fosberg 

59668 (US, BISH, POM), 59839 (US, holotype, BISH, POM, 

isotypes); University of Guam, Mangilao, Fosberg 59736 

(BISH, POM, US), 59941 (US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Roi-Namur I., Herbst 

8956 (US). 

Hedyotis cushingiae Fosberg 

Hedyotis cushingiae Fosberg, Allertonia 6:221, 1991. 
NUMBER 81 69 

Erect shrub, stems, leaves and stipules glabrous, stem 

somewhat squarish, internodes to 4 cm long; leaves elliptic, to 

10 x 4 cm, firm chartaceous, apex slightly acuminate, base 

narrowed to a very short petiole, veins not prominent, 5 or 6 on 

a side; stipules broadly low triangular, pectinate with 5 to 7 

linear gland-tipped processes, the middle one twice the length 

of the others; inflorescences axillary thyroid 3-5.5 cm long, 

subtended by reduced leaves or bracts to 6 cm long, peduncle 

moderately strong, stiff, spreading slightly ascending, upper 

part closely divaricately ramified, 2 internodes above peduncle, 

branches ending in globose glomerules, small ovate bractlets at 

bark of branches; inflorescence branches and glomerules 

sparsely hirtellous, calyx lobes oblong acute 1.5-2 mm long, 

recurved, persistent; “flowers violet”; capsules depressed 

globose, 2 x 2.5 mm, sparsely hirtellous, septicidally dehiscent; 

seeds peltate, orbicular to somewhat pentagonal, 0.7-0.9 mm 

across, black, reticulate, attachment on a low prominence. 

This species known only from the type, seems to be rather 

intermediate between H. tuyamae and H. divaricata, also close 

to H. fruticulosa, from which it differs in its small, strictly 

axillary inflorescences. 

It is named for Mrs. Marjorie Vemita Cushing Falanruw, 

eminent naturalist and self-taught ecologist, of Yap Island, 

collector of the type and many other important plant specimens 

in Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: In savanna, Dinay, S Yap, 

Cushing 319 (US, holotype). 

Hedyotis cyanantha Kurz 

Hedyotis cyanantha Kurz, Journ. As. SOC. Beng., 45(2): 136, 1876.-Fosberg 

and Canfield, Micronesica, 16, 199, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:222, 

1991. 

Hedyotis coerulea Wight and Amott, Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or., 412, 1834 [non 

Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hooker, Fl. Bor. Am., 1:286, 18331. 

Slender wiry-stemmed herb 10-20 cm tall, branched, 

especially near base, stems square, the angles puberulent or 

scabrous, rarely so on sides, internodes 1-3 (-3.5) cm long; 

leaves broadly linear but margins revolute so leaves appear 

very narrow, 1-2 (-3.5) cm long, sessile, apex slenderly 

cuspidate, or even somewhat aristate or spinescent, puberulent 

stipules low-triangular, sheathing, with 3 to 5 aristate setae with 

narrowly dilated bases on each side; flowers sessile, usually 1 

or more (to 12 or 13) at summit of an ascending to somewhat 

spreading or curved filiform branch or peduncle, 1-2 (-3) cm 

long, closely subtended by 2 (if flower solitary) or more (if 

capitate) foliose bracts, hypanthium notably hirsutulous; calyx 

lobes 4, narrowly lanceolate-aristate, margins ciliate, a few 

hairs dorsally; corolla glabrous, 2-3 mm long, tubular to 

slightly funnelform, lobes 1-1.5 mm long, ovate to oblong, 

obtuse to acutish, pink (in Asia said to be blue); stamens 

exserted, anthers ovate, cleft at base, white, 0.5-0.6 mm long; 

style glabrous, bifid stigmas spreading, well-exserted, linear, 

minutely puberulent; capsule globose, about 2-2.5 mm long, 3 

mm when valves are open and erect, sparsely hirsute, crowned 

with calyx tube and lobes until dehiscence of capsule, then 

these caducous, capsule opening loculicidally; seeds dull 

brown, 0.3 mm in greatest diameter, roughly tetrahedral or 

wedge-shaped with outer side curved, hilum at point. 

A South Asian and Ceylonese species apparently recently 

introduced in Palau; found there only twice. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Peleliu 0.5 mi [0.8 km] SW 

Mt. Amiangal, 2 m, Canfield 426 (US) (the flowers of this 

collection were pink, according to the collector, rather than 

“blue” or “lilac” as in the Asiatic specimens.); roadside near 

small cemetery, Rinehart LR 17038 (US). 

Hedyotis divaricata (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyoris divaricata (Valeton) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 

24:204, 1934.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 418, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. 

Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:226, 1936.-Fosbe.rg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:267, 1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:223, 1991. 

Oldenlandio divaricara Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:292, 1930. 

Hedyoris plurifurcata Hosokawa, Trans. Nat Hist. SOC. Formosa, 24:203, 

1934.-Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:3, 1935; Enum. Micr. 

PI., 419, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26225, 1936. 

Hedyotis laciniato var. takurnatsui Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:215, 

1940. 

Slender erect shrub (or scandent?), glabrous, branched 

above, branchlets somewhat squarish but not angled, internodes 2-5 (-9) cm long; leaves, ovate to elliptic 3-10 cm 

long, 2-4.5 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate, base obtuse to 

rounded, nerves 4 to 6 on a side, rather prominent beneath, 

petiole slender 8-20 mm long; stipules rounded to triangular, 

adnate to bases of petioles, pectinate, setiform processes at least 

somewhat unequal, 5 to 7; cymes axillary, open, slender, up to 

6-8 times divaricately branching, in each forking a sessile to 

distinctly pedicellate flower or fruit, 1-2-5 flowers at 

terminations; calyx united and cup-like at base, lobes ovate to 

triangular, firm, ciliate or glabrous, persisting; corolla 3.25 mm 

long, funnelform, lobes oblong to ovate, equalling tube, throat 

bearded; anthers sessile, included or slightly protruding; style 

equalling anthers, stigma capitate; capsule subglobose or 

globose, 2.5 mm long, septicidally completely separating, 

valves slightly loculicidally splitting; seeds dark brown to 

black, 0.6-0.8 mm across, subangularly peltate, slightly 

convex above, with a wedge-shaped base, surface prominently 

cellular-reticulate. 

This is a rare species that has not shown up in recent Palau 

collections. It is undoubtedly close to H. schlechferi (Valeton) 

Merrill & Perry, as noted by Valeton. Two varieties are 

apparent, both probably confined to old volcanic soils. 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Hedyotis divaricata 

Inflorescence branches elongate, zig-zag . . . var. divaricata 

Inflorescence branches forking twice, ending in triads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. capillothyrsa 

Hedyotis divaricata (Valeton) Hosokawa var. divaricata 

This is the Palauan variety as described above, with elongate 

VERNACULAR NAME.-amudelach (Palau: Fosberg et al., 

zigzag cyme branches. 

1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: s. l., Hosokawa 6834 (A). 

Babeldaob: Mt. Luis Almonugui, Hosokawa 6915 (BISH); 

Kattelwe, Hosokawa 9151 (BISH, US); Kamsetsu, Takamatsu 

1115 (BISH, isotype of var. takamatmi). Koror: Narogulusang, 

50-100 m, Ledermann 14279 (B, isotypeflectotype of Oldenlandia divaricata Valeton). 

Hedyotis divaricata var. capillothyrsa Fosberg 

Hedyotis divaricata var. capillofhyrsa Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:224, 1991. 

Plant slender, glabrous, possibly shrubby? or sub-scandent, 

internodes to 6.5 m long, slightly squarish; leaves elliptic, to 

6.5 x 2 cm, those subtending inflorescences much smaller, 

somewhat acuminate, base narrowed to a slender petiole less 

than 1 cm long; stipules low triangular, with a long central 

tooth and 2 much smaller ones on each side; inflorescences 

axillary, very slender, thyrsoid with slender peduncle about half 

total length of thyrse, rhachis with 2 or 3 internodes, each 

branch with a shortly pedicellate flower, and 2 lateral branches 

that again branch, branchlets ending in a triad with central 

pedicel short, at base of each peduncle is a tiny dwarfed branch, 

ending in a triad or cymule; calyx lobes lanceolate, more or less 

recurved, persistent; capsules globose, 2 mm diameter, septicidal, valves splitting somewhat loculicidally. 

This plant, represented only by a slender branchlet, seems to 

belong with H. divaricata but lacks the elongate zigzag 

inflorescence branches and has narrower, elliptic leaves, and 

rhachises with 2 or 3 internodes. Its leaves more resemble those 

of H. cushingiae, to which one might assign it as a variety with 

an open inflorescence. Indications of affinities in this group are 

not to be taken very seriously. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Moloai, 5 Aug 1937, Hosokawa 

8985 (A, holotype). 

Hedyotis foerida (Forster f.) J.E. Smith 

Hedyotis foetida (Forster f.) J.E. Smith in Rees, Cyclop., 17(2): Sub H., 

1811.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus. 13:247, 1937; Bish. Mus. Bull., 

174:21, 1943; Allertonia, 6:224:1991. 

Oldenlandia foefida Forster f., Prob., 10, 1786. 

Hedyotis foetida var. foetida not known from Micronesia. 

Hedyotis foetida var. mariannensis (Merrill) Fosberg 

Hedyotis foerida var. mariannensis (Merrill) Fosberg, Phytologia, 5(7):291, 

1955; Allertonia, 6:225, 1991.-Stone, Micronesica, 6547-48, 1971.- 

Fosberg, Falmw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 22:40, 1975.-Falaruuw 

and Payne, Life on Guam, 67, 1976.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:267, 1979. 

Hedyotis mariannensis Memll, Philip. Jom. Sci. Bot., 9: 144-45, 1914.- 

Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:296, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 419, 1935; 

Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:3, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. 

Soc. Formosa, 26:222, 1936. 

Oldenlandia foetida Sensu Prowazek, D. Marianen, 120, 1913 [non Forster]. 

Hedyotis foetida sensu Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:214, 1940 [non 

Oldenlandia marianrtensis (Memll) Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:296, 1930. 

(Forster) J.E. Smith]. 

Slender, glabrous shrub, up to 1 m tall, often not at all foetid, 

much branched near base, branches gray, terete, internodes to 3 

cm long; leaves ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblong, 

up to 7 x 3 cm usually narrower, acute to slightly acuminate at 

both ends, at base slightly decurrent on petiole almost to its 

base, veins obscure, 4 or 5 pairs, strongly ascending, lower 

surface slightly paler than upper, petiole to 0.5 cm long, 

thickened at base; stipules very low, adnate to petiole bases, 

with a strong central beak and two subsidiary teeth at base, all 

three teeth black; inflorescence a trichotomous or pentachotomous corymbiform cyme on a peduncle up to 14 cm long, with 

two reduced leaves or bracts near the middle, these sometimes 

with reduced cymules in their axils, each branch of the main 

cyme 3-4 times trichotomously or pentachotomously 

branched, a pair of much reduced leaf-like bracts at main 

ramification, scale-like bractlets at each subsequent branching, 

all flowers shortly pedicellate; hypanthium turbinate, calyx 

lobes triangular acute, bases scarcely separated; corolla white, 

about 8 mm long, campanulate, lobes ovate, 3-3.5 mm long, 

bluntly acute, slightly cucullate; stamens inserted in or just 

below sinuses, filaments short, white, anthers black, sagittate, 

1.5 mm long, erect; style white, glabrous, filiform, subequal 

with corolla, curved or hooked at summit, stigma subcapitate, 

slightly yellowish, glabrous, not at all bifid; immature fruit 

turbinate to obovoid-subglobose, minutely pale punctate, disk 

somewhat convex, calyx teeth somewhat incurved around it; 

capsule subglobose or slightly turbinate, about 2.5-3 mm high, 

2-2.5 mm wide, with ring of persistent calyx around the 

somewhat elevated disk, endocarp rather hard, dehiscing 

loculicidally across disk, valves tardily showing slight dehiscence or not, curving out, leaving a roundish hole for escape of 

seeds, dried placenta deeply foveolate; seeds dull brown, 

slightly compressed into irregular polyhedrons with rounded 

angles and comers, surface prominently reticulate. 

Found in open or partly open habitats at all elevations on all 
NUMBER 81 71 

of the Marianas except Uracas and tolerant of both limestone 

and volcanic substrata. 

USES.-Used for “maipi” a disease believed to be contracted 

in the jungle and caused by anger of the spirits of the ancient 

Chamorrans, characterized by pain, fever, swelling, and 

delirium at night (Rota, Fosberg 25002). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

pa0 dedo (Rota: Fosberg 25002) 

paudedo (Rota: Sachet 1740) 

paode’do (Guam: Falanruw and Payne, 1976) 

podedo, pau-dedo (Guam: Seale in 1900) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDS.-&udichaud s. n. (P). 

Maug: Top of West Island, N of middle, 300 ft [92 m], P.H. 

Asuncion: S slope of summit, 830 m, Falanruw 3067 (US). 

Agrigan: Trail around S side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 

31597 (US, BISH, POM). 

Pagan: Mt. Pagan, Moore 366 (US); 12 m, Anderson 502 

(US); isthmus, 4 m, Anderson 550 (US); E coast, SSW of Mt. 

Pagan, below 20 m, Falanruw 3003 (US), 3004 (US); S of 

Bandeera Peninsula, 100 ft [30 m], Lamoureux 4869 (US); 

Liyan, W coast just S of Chalan Talu, 5 m, Raulerson 1027 

(US); Salafi, N of Puntan Diablo on W coast, 15 m, Raulerson 

1062 (US). 

Alamagan: Hosokawa 7898 (BISH); SSW coast, landing and 

village area, 0-200 ft [0-60 m], Falanruw 1960 (US); around 

Partido village, Fosberg 31682 (US); vicinity of Songsong 

village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 31707 (US, BISH); Anderson 414 

Moore 795 (US). 

(US). 

Guguan: 320 fi [98 m], Falanruw 1833 (US). 

Anatahan: S of extreme NW tip of island, 0-10 m, Evans 

2445 (US, BISH, POM, NY); boulder-strewn beach area, sea 

level, Falanruw 1668 (US). 

Saipan: Kagman Pt., E coast of island, 150 m, Fosberg 

31793 (US, BISH); Mt. Tapotchau, S slope, 900 ft [275 m], 

Hosaka 291 7 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Bird Island Beach, 0-10 

m, Evans 2329 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Lunge 38 (BISH); 

Hofer 72 (BISH); Kagman Peninsula just back of Kagman Pt., 

120 m, Fosberg 50537 (US, BISH); s. l., Kanehira 1030 (KYO, 

US); 420 m, Marche 17 (P, POM). 

Tinian: Hosokawa 7783 (BISH, US); Mt. Lasso, 500 ft [ 152 

m], Hosaka 2813 (US, BISH, POM, NY); former town, SW 

coast, 3-30 m, Fosberg 24773 (US, BISH, F, NY); N end, 20 

ft [6 m], Hosaka 2848 (US, BISH); about 1 mi [1.6 km] S of 

Faibus Pt., Fosberg 24714 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Agiguan: WNW side, lower terrace, Raulerson 7902 (US). 

Rota: 1.5 mi [2.4 km] E of Songsong village, 10-20 m, 

Sachet 1796 (US, BISH, POM); NW coast of W end of main 

part of island, Fosherg 25002 (US); SW side of island, 0-5 m, 

Evans 1895 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); NW coast of W end of 

main part of island, 1-70 m, Fosherg 25118 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Necker R18 (US, BISH), R119 (US); Sabana, 1500 ft [460 

m], Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); E of Songsong village, 30 m, 

Sachet 1740 (US, BISH, POM, NY); 0.5 km S of Songsong 

village, Fosberg with Moore 58296 (US, BISH, POM); site of 

“old Japanese cannon,” 1-1.5 km SE of Songsong, Fosberg 

with Moore 58326 (US, BISH, POM); Beach Road 2 mi [3.2 

km] N of swimming hole, 5 m, Quinata LR 19105 (US); beach 

road, 2 mi N of swimming hole, 5 m, Quinatu LR 19105 (US). 

Guam: On rocks at Asan, G.E.S. 239 (US, BISH); Ritidian 

Pt. near lighthouse, 185 m, Bryan 1175 (BISH); Orote 

Peninsula, 30 m, Bryan 1262 (US, BISH, 2 sheets); Seale in 

1900 (BISH, 2 sheets); Cabras Island, McGregor 572 (US, 

BISH, isotypes); Hilaan Pt., near beach, Moore 502 (US); 

Andersen AFB, side of Pati Pt., 120 m, Sachet & Moore 1824 

(US, BISH); Fadian Pt., 115 m, Fosberg 31218 (US); high 

ridge N of Talafofo Bay, 130 m, Fosberg & Evans 46240 (US, 

BISH, POM); Ritidian Pt., Anderson 197 (US, BISH, F, NY); 

Ritidian Pt., top of cliffs, 170 m, Fosberg 24307 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY), 25308 (US, BISH, POM, NY), 25309 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); Dos Amantes Pt., Stone 3941 (GUAM), 3942 

(GUAM); Fosberg 43440 (US, BISH, POM, NY); s. 1. 

Thompson 239 (BISH); S of Tarague Bay, Moran 4552 (US, 

UC, POM); Tailalo, Moran 4586 (UC); Lujuna, 10-150 m, 

Evans 1621 (US, BISH, POM); Iates Pt. Conservation Area, 

60-90 m, Evana 1825 (US, BISH); Ritidian Pt., 400 fi [122 m], 

Hosaka 3102 (US); Whiting R1 (US, POM); cliff above 

Tarague Beach, 140 m, Fosberg 35669 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); Ritidian Pt. Light, 185 m, Anderson 99 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L); 110 de Cabra, Marche 132 (P, POM); Pati Pt., 160 m, 

Necker 356 (US), 361 (US); Tvenjera, Safhord in 1906 (US, 2 

sheets), Two Lovers Pt., Pedrus 33 (US); Mangilao, N of Pago 

Bay, ridge back of University, Fosberg 59615 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L). 

Hedyotis fruticulosa (Volkens) Merrill 

Hedyoris fruriculosa (Volkens) Memll, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot, 15544, 

1919.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 418, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. 

Sw. Formosa, 26:226, 1936.4kabe, Jom. Anthr. Soc. Nippon, 56:413- 

426, 1941.4tobed. m.s. list, 1967.-Stone, Micronesica, 6548, 1970 

(1971).-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15267, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 41, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6227, 1991. 

O/denlandia fruriculosa Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 3 1 :475, 1902.-Valeton. Bot. 

Jahrb., 63:293, 1930. 

Shrub to 1 (rarely 2) m tall, glabrous, stems square but angles 

not very sharp, sparingly branched; leaves ovate to elliptic, up 

to 13 x 4 cm, apex acuminate, base narrowly acute to slightly 

decurrent, blade chartaceous, nerves 4 or 5 on a side, petioles 

mostly 1-2 cm long; stipules very low triangular or very 

broadly ovate, pectinate with usually 5 to 7 very unequal 

setiform processes, glabrous; inflorescences axillary, thyrsoid 

with a stout peduncle and rhachis of usually 3 to 6 (9) 

internodes, the branches spreading to divaricate, rather short 

giving an outline several times as long as wide, often curved 
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

upward, 10-25 or even 45 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, branches 

subtended by foliaceous bracts on rhachis, ramified 2-3 times, 

a shortly pedicellate or subsessile flower frequently found in 

forkings, ultimate branchlets ending in a triad or small 

glomerule or even (Fosberg 46310) in dense heads, rarely 

(Falanruw 3202) the branchlets puberulent, or with only traces 

of puberulence; flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicellate, 

hypanthium turbinate, calyx lobes ovate to oblong, 1.5-2 mm 

long, bluntly acute, persistent and elongating slightly and 

becoming recurved in fruit; corolla 3.5-5 mm long, lilac or 

purplish, funnelform, glabrous without, lobes ovate, 1.5 mm 

long, densely woolly within; anthers included or slightly 

exserted (Valeton); capsule globose or slightly depressedglobose, dehiscing septicidally into 2 coccus-like valves, these 

dehiscing slightly loculicidally; seeds black, peltate, 0.5-0.7 

mm across, roughly orbicular or oblong, reticulate, attachment 

on a ventral wedge-shaped prominence. 

This species is probably endemic on Yap, though it has been 

reported to occur on Guam (Memll, 1919; Stone, 1971) and on 

Palau (Okabe, 1941; Kanehira, 1935; Otobed, 1967; Fosberg et 

al., 1980). We doubt its occurrence in either place. Marianas 

specimens thus determined have turned out to be H. laciniata 

Kanehira. Palau specimens seem to be either H. tuyamae 

Hosokawa or H. korrorensis (Valeton) Kanehira. Its principal 

habitat seems to be in savanna and disturbed areas. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Hedyotis fruticulosa 

Branches of cymules ending in open clusters, flowers 

notably pedicellate . . . . . . . . . . . . var. yapensis 

Branches of cymules ending in dense clusters, pedicels 

very short, or flowers subsessile, in triads or glomerules 

............................. 2 

2. Flowers in dense globose glomerules or heads, thyrses 

strongly ascending, narrow . . . var. atroglomerata 

2. Flowers solitary, in triads, or very small few-flowered 

clusters, almost sessile . . . . . . . var. fruticulosa 

1. 

1. 

Hedyotis fruticulosa Volkens var. fruticulosa 

The main populations of the species, as described above, 

have inflorescence glabrous, thyrse large, with strong peduncle, 

this generally curving somewhat upward, ultimate ramifications usually triads or very small, few flowered glomerules, 

these neither spherical nor head-like. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

athetieleu (Yap: Alvis 101) 

azkiloi (Yap: Fosberg 25560) 

gumoynuteth (Yap: Wong 355) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Yabor, Kanid, 90 ft [27 m], 

Wong 355 (US, A, BISH); Tora, 5 m, Alvis 101 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); near agriculture station, Blackburn 263 (US); 

30. IX 03, Hallier (HBG, US); s. l., Hallier 99 (US, HBG); near 

reservoir on road Colonia to airport, Stemrnermann 3131 

(BISH); near airport, Stemmermann 3612 (BISH); Maki, N end 

of Gagil Distr., 2-5 m, Fosberg 25595 (US, BISH, POM, L, 

MO); SW of Maki, 30-50 m, Fosberg 25602 (US, BISH, L) 

(dwarfed, stiff, 20-30 cm tall); Gorror, central plateau, 20 m, 

Hosaka 3311 (US, BISH, POM, MO); near Gaapan village, 

Dalipepinban Mun., Fosberg 60093 (US, BISH, K, L); Dinay, 

20 m, Cushing 329 (US); 319 (US); Mt. Matade, E ridge, 

20-40 m, Fosberg 25560 (US, BISH, POM, G, CHR); Mt. 

Matade, S slope, 70 m, Cushing 70 (US); Mt. Matade, 160 m, 

Fosberg 25540 (US); between Muro and Mabu villages, E 

central Yap, 30-50 m, Cushing 560a and 560b (US); hill SW 

of Gitam, S of Yap High School, 40 m, Fosberg 46562 (US, 

BISH, BRI, POM, T), 46564 (US, BISH, NSW, MO, BM); 

Tabswol, near Bulochang, Fanif Mun., Fosberg 60044 (US, 

BISH, L); Moloai, Hosokawa 8985 (A); S slope Mt. Matada, 

Cushing 469 (US). 

Hedyotis fruticulosa var. atroglomerata Fosberg 

Hedyoris fruticulosa var. afroglomerafa Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:228, 1991 

Shrub, unbranched or scarcely branched, thyrses narrow, 

strongly ascending, cymules often black, strongly condensed, 

globose-glomerate. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: S of Derikan, 15 rn, Fosberg 

46310 (US, holotype, BISH, POM, MO, L, BM, isotypes); s. l., 

Hallier 98 (HBG). The latter collection probably goes here 

according to notes made some years ago in Hamburg. 

Hedyotis fruticulosa var. yapensis (Kanehira) Fosberg 

Hedyorisfruficulosa var. yapensis (Kanehira) Fosberg, Allertonia, 6228,1991. 

Hedyofisyupensis Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist SOC. Formosa, 255,1935; Enum. 

Micr. Pl., 420, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:226, 

1936.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:269, 1979. 

Robust erect herb, to 1 m tall, stem squarish, sulcate when 

dry, internodes of main stem to 6.5 cm long, glabrous; leaves 

elliptic to oblong, blades to about 16 x 7.5 cm, firmchartaceous, glabrous, bluntly acuminate, base narrowing and 

sub-decurrent into a petiole to 4 cm long; thyrses to about 35 x 

8 cm, peduncle to 14 cm, branching subdivaricately, branches 

to 5 cm long, branching divaricately with additional dwarfed 

branches at the main ramifications, secondary branches 

hirtellous, flowers in loose glomerules, pedicels 1-4 mm, 

hirtellous, hypanthium, calyx, and corolla-buds hirtellous, 

calyx lobes narrowly oblong; capsule depressed globose or 

globose, 2-2.5 mm long and wide, septicidal. The original 

description is here supplemented by observations on Falanruw 

3202, the only collection known to us, except the type, 
NUMBER 81 13 

Kanehira 1230, which we have not seen. The Falanruw 

collection matches fairly well, but the glomerules are not as 

open as described for the type. 

The few characters in which it differs from var. fruticulosa 

do not seem sufficient for more than varietal status. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: N of of airport, Falanruw 3202 

(US). 

Hedyofis kunehirue (Hatusima) Fosberg 

Hedyoris kanehirae (Hatusima) Fosberg, Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:28, 1980; 

Allertonia, 6:228, 1991.-Fosberg, Falaruuw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. 

Bot., 22:40. 1975.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:267,1979. 

Leproperulum kanehirae Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:218, 

1936. 

Hedyotis rnariannensis sensu Kanehira, 1935 [pro parte; non Memll, Philip. 

Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:144-145, 19141. 

Dwarf shrub, 40-50 m tall, stems somewhat 4-angled, 

glabrous; leaves lanceolate, to 7 x 1.7 cm, apices somewhat 

acuminate, base attenuate, subsessile, or decurrent on a short 

petiole, blade thin, glabrous, veins obscure, 3 or 4 very strongly 

ascending on a side; stipules very short triangular acurninate, 

adnate to petiole bases, near apex obscurely glandular 

denticulate, with a slight submarginal flange; cymes 3 at 

terminal node, umbelloid, branches 4 or 5, each branch ending 

in a triad or again umbelloid; flowers shortly pedicellate, bracts 

and bracteoles much reduced, triangular subulate: calyx with 4 

triangular teeth, 1.5 mm long; corolla white, broadly funnelform or funnelform-rotate, 4 mm long and wide, tube 2 mm, 

throat glabrous, lobes ovate-oblong, apex acuminate, spreading; stamens inserted at base of corolla, anthers included, 1.5 

mm long, dorsi-fixed; style “subclavatus” 5-6 mm long; 

capsule broadly ovoid, sides slightly sulcate along septum, 

walls firm, disk somewhat elevated and compressed, dehiscence loculididal across disk, valves slightly emarginate; seeds 

“minuta angulata, testa reticulato-punctata”; not seen. 

This species superficially resembles H. foetida but may not 

be really very close. Its capsules are larger, thicker-walled, and 

differently shaped, and the inflorescence is smaller and much 

less complicated. We have not seen the type, Kanehira 2181, 

from the Marianas Islands, Alamagan Island, where it is 

apparently endemic. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Alamagan: Hosokawa 7798 (A, 

BISH). 

Hedyotis korrorensis (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyoris korrorensis (Valeton) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 

24:204, 1934.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 418, 1935; Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 25:2-3, 1935 [as H. korrensis sphalm.1.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. 

Hist. Soc. Formosa, 26:225, 1936.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15215, 

1940; Allertonia, 6:229, 1991 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:267, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Oldenlandia korrorensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:294, 1930. 

Hedyoris fruriculosa sensu Okabe, Joum. Anthrop. Soc. Nippon, 56:413-426, 

1941; Nankyo, 2:20, 1943 [non (Volkens) Memll]. 

Erect stiff shrub to 2 m tall, stems green, squarish, often with 

prominent nodes, scarcely branched except a corymbiform 

cluster of small branches at summit; leaves ovate to more rarely 

oblong or broadly elliptic, to 11 x 3.5 cm, mostly smaller, apex 

acute to somewhat acuminate, base narrowed to and decurrent 

on a short thick petiole less than 1 cm long, blade stiff, 

yellowish or light green, subcoriaceous, veins 6 to rarely 10 on 

a side; stipules large, broadly ovate to rounded, net-veined, not 

or little united with petioles, with or without one or two 

processes at base, margins otherwise entire or somewhat 

irregular, up to 1 cm long and wide; panicles purple or bluish, 

drying black, corymbiform to dome-shaped, terminal, and on 

small branches, extremely reduced ones occasional in upper 

axils, thyrsoid, up to 5 internodes in main rhachis, subcordate 

foliaceous bracts and reduced stipules at main nodes, reduced 

ones distally, branches sometimes thyrsoid, smaller branches 

forking 1-3 times with a pedicellate flower or fruit in each 

fork, branchlets terminating in a small umbel1 of flowers or a 

single flower, pedicels tending to be curved upwar& hypanthium narrow, calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, margins revolute, 

making lobes look subulate, to about 3 mm, at first erect, soon 

curving outward and becoming recurved; corollas whitish to 

usually purple or bluish, tube somewhat dilated, lobes ovate, 

spreading to recurved or reflexed, woolly on inner surface, 

wool becoming shed or rubbed off in age; anthers oblong, 

exserted; style shortly exserted, stigma bifid; capsule about 

2.5-3 mm long, subglobose to slightly obovoid or globose, not 

at all striate, dehiscing completely septicidally, valves splitting 

somewhat loculicidally; seeds peltate, 3-5 angled, 0.6-1 .O mm 

in greatest diameter, brownish black, strongly reticulate, 

attachment on a wedge-shaped projection beneath. 

USE.-Juice of crushed leaves said to be used to relieve 

lacquer poisoning (Palau: Okabe, 1943). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

Emderaw (Palau: Okabe, 1943, as H. fiuticulosa) 

Emudelauh (Palau: Okabe, 194 1, as H. fiuriculosa) 

Emudlach (Palau: Otobed list, 1967) 

Omudlach (Palau: Fosberg 47697) 

Two varieties were distinguished by Valeton, one glabrous, 

the other softly puberulent or hirtellous. To these may be added 

one that is glabrous but has the flowers in conspicuous 

subumbelloid glomerules, and another that has even more 

contracted, almost subcapitate hirtellous glomerules. We have 

not seen the type of var. mollis, but as described it seems 

distinguishable. 

The entire species seems confined to the volcanic parts of 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

northern Palau. Further collecting may either strengthen or 

weaken these varieties, but they seem worth calling attention 

to. They may be separated by the following key. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Hedyotis korrorensis 

Plant entirely glabrous except interior of corolla .... 2 

Plant puberulent, at least the ultimate glomerules of the 

inflorescences ..................... 3 

2. Terminal branchlets of inflorescence ending in single 

flowers or more usually small umbels ........ ................... var. korrorensis 

2. Terminal branchlets ending in subumbellate glomerules 

Whole plant minutely hairy ....... var. mollis 

Stipules and ultimate parts of the inflorescence and 

calyx hispidulous ........ var. hosokawana 

1. 

1. 

.................. var. subglomerata 

3. 

3. 

Hedyotis korrorensis (Valeton) Hosokawa var. korrorensis 

The species as described above, but this variety includes 

only the completely glabrous form with umbelloid ultimate 

inflorescence components. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Nekken, Salsedo 

106 (US); Fosberg 50592 (US, BISH, POM, L, BRI, MO, 

CHR); Ngatpang [Gaspan], Stone 4654 (US, GUAM, US); 

Ibobang, Raulerson 5656 (US); Arumonogui-Sogen, near 

Arumaten, Hosokawa 6783 (A, US, BISH); Garamiscan 

Colony, upper Ngarumiskang [Garamiscan; Almiokan] River, 

Fosberg 25705 (US, BISH, POM, MO, BM, L, P); west coast, 

Ngeremtengel, Fosberg 32455 (US, BISH, NY, K, MO); east 

coast, hills above Melekiok, Fosberg 32523 (US); Lake 

Ngardok, 25 m, Fosberg 32563 (US, BISH, GUAM, A, UC, T, 

B); hills between Melekiok and Lake Ngardok, 30-60 m, 

Fosberg 32602 (US); Mizuko, S Aimeliik, 100 ft [30 m], Hill 

2 (US); Airai, Hardy 119 (US, BISH, MO, L); Cheatham 34 

(BISH, UC, US); Airai (as Irrai) airfield region, Woodrich 10.3 

(US); Fosberg 47697 (US, BISH, POM, S, NSW, AAU); Airai, 

just WSW of airport, Raulerson 17113 (US); s. l., Richardson 

26 (US); Mt. Elsum, Hosokawa 9250 (A); Ngarsul, Hosokawa 

9040 (A); Ngerikiil, Airai, Fisher 153 (US). Koror: 20-30 m, 

Ledermann 14038 (B, lectotype); as “Gorror,” Herre 16 

(BISH). 

Hedyotis korrorensis var. hosokawana Fosberg 

Hedyotis korrorensis var. hosokawana Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:230, 1991. 

Dwarf shrub to 50 cm tall, unusually densely branching in 

habit, short internodes, lacerate hispidulous stipules, domeshaped inflorescence, and hispidulous glomerules. 

Tentatively placed here in spite of the lacerate stipules and 

hispidulous glomerules because it agrees in most other respects 

with H. korrorensis. It was at first thought to be var. mollis. 

Known only from the type. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: East coast, hills 

between Melekiok and Lake Ngardok, on volcanic soil, 30-60 

m, 9 Apr 1950, Fosberg 32601 (US, holotype). 

Hedyotis korrorensis var. mollis (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyotis korrorensis var. mollis (Valeton) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 24:204, 1934.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pi., 418-419, 1935.- 

Hatusirna, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:255, 1936.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:267, 1979.-Fosberg et al. Vascular. PI. Palau, 

41, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:230, 1991. 

Oldenlandia korrorensis var. mollis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:295, 1930. 

Differs from var. korrorensis in being softly puberulent. 

The type of this is from Palau, Koror, Raymundus 208, which 

we have not seen; probably lost in the bombing of Berlin. 

This cannot be very common, as we have not found anything 

corresponding to it in the rather abundant material of this 

species that we have examined excepting the Hosokawa 

specimen cited below. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Valeton, 1930. Babeldaob: Arumonogui-sogen, near Arumaten, Hosokawa 6785 

(BISH). 

Hedyotis korrorensis var. subglomerata Fosberg 

Hedyotis korrorensis var. subglomerata Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:23 1, 199 1. 

Differs from var. korrorensis in having the cymules on the 

panicle-branches condensed into globose subglomerate umbels. 

This plant, though not geographically separated, stands out 

as so distinct in appearance that it is described as a variety. The 

collector says it is common, but he may have been referring to 

the common var. korrorensis. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Airai, 500 ft, [ 150 

m] Hosaka 3419 (US, holotype, BISH, POM, L, isotypes). 

Hedyotis laciniata Kanehira 

Hedyotis laciniata [as lacinata] Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:6, 

f.7, 1935; Enurn. Micr. PI., 419, 1935.-Hatusirna, Trans. Nat Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 26:225, 1936.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:215, 1940; 

Allertonia, 6:231, 1991 .-Walker and Rodin, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 30466, 

1949.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:548-49, 1971 .-Fosberg, Falanruw, and 
NUMBER 81 75 

Sachet, Smith. Cont. Bot., 2240, 1975.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:268, 1979. 

Hedyoris alamaganensis Hosokawa, Joum. SOC. Trop. Agr., 6:669, 1934 

[nomen nudum]; Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:37, 1935. 

Hedyotis sarigunensis Hosokawa, Joum. SOC. Trap. Agr., 6669, 1934 [nomen 

nudum]; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:36, 1935.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. PI., 419, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:226, 

1936.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Conk Bot., 22:40-41, 

1975.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:268, 1979. 

Hedyoris scobrifolia sensu Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

22:41, 1975 [non Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:7, f. 8, 19351. 

Dwarf shrub or suffrutescent herb, to 40 cm tall, often 

somewhat decumbent at base and rooting at nodes, glabrous 

except slightly pilosulous at nodes, on stipules and smaller 

branchlets of cymes and hypanthium,stems slightly squarish, 

angles cord-like; leaves ovate, up to 6.5 x 3 cm, acute or very 

slightly acuminate, contracted to a narrow base or very short 

petiole, firm chartaceous, lateral nerves 3 or 4 on a side, 

impressed above, prominent below; stipules triangular, margins with l or 2 low flanges, and pectinate with 5 to 9 unequal 

setiform glandular processes; plant corymbosely branched 

above with each branch ending in a trichotomously branched 

few-flowered cyme, each branch of cyme once or twice more 

ramified, the central branchlet reduced to a pedicellate flower 

or fruit, the lateral to a triad or once more branched; 

hypanthium glabrous to pilosulous, obovoid to turbinate, calyx 

lobes 2.5-3 mm long, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblonglanceolate erect, coriaceous, persistent on fruit; corolla pilosulous externally in bud, at anthesis 4-5 mm long, lobes ovate 

sparsely hairy without, densely woolly within; anthers exserted 

from sinuses; style with bifid stigma exserted just beyond 

corolla lobes; capsule globose or subglobose, about 3 mm long, 

crowned by the persistent erect calyx-lobes; seeds black, 

peltate, pentagonal, reticulate. 

This species seems to be confined to the northern Marianas 

volcanoes. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Pagan: Mt. Pagan, crater floor, P.H. 

Alamagan: s. l., Hosokawa 7924 (A, US, isotypes of H. 

Sarigan: s. l., Hosokawa 7888 (US, isotype of H. sariganenMoore 383 (US). 

alamaganensis). 

sis). 

Hedyotis lancifoliu Schumacher 

Hedyotis lancifoliu Schurnacher in Schumacher and Thonning, Beskr. Guin. 

PI., 73, 1827.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980.-Fosberg, 

Allertonia, 6:232. 1991. 

Oldenlundiu herhacea sensu Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:475, 1901.-Valeton, 

Bot. Jahrb., 63:297, 1930.-Kanehira. Enum. Micr. PI., 422, 1935.- 

Hatusirna, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:220, 1936 [non (L.) Roxburgh, 

FI. Ind., 145, 1820]. 

Hedyoris hertmcea sensu Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15267, 

1979 [non L., Sp., PI., 102, 17531. 

A slender, prostrate or reclining to somewhat ascending 

glabrous herb, stems squarish or, when dry, somewhat sulcate, 

internodes 1-3 (-5) cm; leaves linear to linear lanceolate, 

sessile, 1.5-3 cm long, apices acutish, scaberulous; stipules 

membranous, triangular to rounded, with 3 to 5 short setifonn 

teeth; pedicels axillary, one, occasionally two, or even 3 per 

node, in flower 5-6 mm long, elongating to 10 or 12 (-15) mm 

in fruit, capillary, often arcuate; flowers small, calyx lobes 

triangular, about 1 mm long, acute, corolla to 2-3 mm, tubular 

or funnelform, lobed about half-way, lobes ovate; anthers 

exserted in the sinuses, 0.6-0.8 mm long, sagittate; pistil about 

equalling corolla lobes, bifid, stigmas puberulent; capsule 

globose, about 3 mm diameter, very thin-walled, dehiscing 

loculicidally, then breaking irregularly or somewhat circumscissile, seeds minute, angular, yellowish brown, irregularly 

wedge-shaped, cellular-reticulate. 

Native of Africa, widely introduced in warm countries. 

Known in Micronesia from Palau, Yap, and Truk; weedy, in 

disturbed places, infrequent. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-redil kelelemalk (Palau: Fosberg et 

al., 1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Ngerelong Munic., 

taro patch 0.8 mi [1.3 km] NE of Ngerelong, 5 m, Canfield 399 

(US). Koror: Weed in taro patches, Otobed PW-10133 (US). 

Yap: Volkens, 1901:475; Hallier s. n., 30.X.03 (HBG). 

Truk: Moen: Stemmermann 3110 (BISH). 

Hedyotis megalantha Merrill 

Hedyoris megalontho Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot, 9:143-144, 1914.- 

Kanehira, Enurn. Micr. Pl., 419, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist SOC, 

Formosa, 26:225, 1936.-Stone, Micronesica, 6549. 1971.-Falmw and 

Payne, Life on Guam, 44, 1976.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica 

15:268, 1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:233, 1991. 

Oldenlandia megalantha (Memll) Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:298, 1930. 

Suffrutescent herb or shrub, to 1 m tall, with stiff sharply 

square stems, corymbosely or paniculately branched above, 

glabrous; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, to somewhat elliptic, 

acute to acuminate, 4-8 (-11) x 2-3.5 (-4.5) cm, rounded to 

subcordate at base, appearing subsessile, petioles mostly less 

than 5 mm, rarely to 1 cm; stipules triangular, strongly and 

stiffly pectinate, tending to be reflexed; inflorescences stiff 

divaricate thyrsoid panicles, rhachis 2-5 internodes long, 

branches forking at wide angles 1-3 times, each forking with a 

pair of reduced leaves or foliaceous cordate bracts, in each fork 

a pedicellate flower, ultimate forkings tending to be slightly 

woolly-hirtellous, flowers tending to be crowded distally on 

branches of cymes, these thyrses terminal and/or on a series of 

spreading branches arranged corymbosely near summit of main 

stem; flowers with hypanthium turbinate, slightly hirtellous or 

glabrous, with 4 strong and often 4 weak costae; calyx lobes 
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

prominent, up to 7 x 2 mm, ovate, acute, foliaceous, persistent, 

erect; corolla tubular, 12-24 mm long, to 10 mm wide, lobes 

ovate, to 6 mm long, spreading or tips reflexed, the whole white 

or with bluish veins and tips of lobes; stamens attached at 

sinuses, anthers exserted to over half the length of corolla lobes, 

linear, 1.5-2 mm long, attached at about middle, becoming 

twisted when dry; style to 2.5 cm long, stigmas bifid, lobes 1 

mm or less long, divergent or recurved; capsule globose, about 

3 mm diam, walls hard, septicidal, then valves splitting about 

‘h, the valves weathering out; seeds irregularly peltate, angular, 

sooty-brown, scar on a wedge-like projection beneath, surfaces 

reticulate, 0.6- 1 .O mm across. 

A striking species, its close relationships are not obvious, 

probably belonging to section Diplophragma, its flowers 

among the largest in the genus. 

Apparently endemic to Guam, areas of weathered volcanic 

soil, savanna vegetation. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-paode’do (Falanruw and Payne, 

1976). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.qUam: Hombron in 1841 (P); near 

top of Mt. Tenjo, Rodin 751 (US); Facpi R., 100 m, Necker 396 

(US); Manengon, Tarzan River area, Stone 5137 (US, GUAM); 

Manengon-Apra Heights Road, Stone & Fletcher 5025 

(GUAM); hills back of Piti, 100 m, McGregor 458 (US, BISH, 

isotypes); S of Asan Pt. and Piti, 100 m, Anderson 67 (US, 

BISH, POM, L, MO); Com-Marianas fuel storage area, El Patio 

Road entrance, 100 m, Fosberg 35210 (US); above Tenjo 

Vista, 150 m, Fosberg 35216 (US); near top of Mt. Tenjo, 

Rodin 751 (US); hills near Sagua River, W of Mt. Lamlam, 100 

m, Stone 4391-1 (GUAM, US), 4391-2 (US), 4391-3 (US); 

Chalandaog Mt., 1 km SE of Jumulong Manglo Mt., 320 m, 

Fosberg 35373 (US, BISH, A, K); Chalondaog, 300-375 m, 

Evans 1795 (US, BISH, POM, K, MO); SE of Dan Dan Basin, 

Raulerson 10988 (US); s. l., N. J. Andersson in 1852 (US); s. l., 

Anderson 348 (US, BISH, NY). 

Hedyotis ponapensis (Valeton) Kanehira 

Hedyotis ponapensis (Valeton) Kanehira, R. Micr., 463, 1933; Enum. Micr. 

PI., 419, 1935; Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:3, 1935.-Hatusima, 

Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 26:225, 1936.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. 

Mus., 15:215, 1940; Allertonia, 6:234, 1991.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 

209:93, 1952.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:268, 1979. 

Elongate, tangled, somewhat suffrutescent, glabrous herb, 

rooting at lower nodes, stems somewhat 4-angled, internodes 

tending to exceed leaves; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 

acuminate, narrowed at base to a short somewhat winged 

petiole, blade flat, with (1) 3 or 4 strongly ascending, not 

prominent, nerves on a side; stipules elongate triangular with 7 

to I1 strong gland-tipped setae on margin, the middle one 

longest; flowers in condensed capitulate or glomerulate cymes 

sessile and/or on slender peduncles in axils, capitulae subOidenlandia ponapensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:296, 1930. 

tended by reduced bracts forming an involucre, flowers 

subtended by filiform bracteoles; calyx prominent, of 4 

ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate lobes united at base, 

spreading, strongly recurved, base forming a neck, or scarcely 

so, crowned with curved lobes; corolla funnelformcampanulate, tube subequal with calyx, throat somewhat or not 

exserted, lobes ovate, recurved; anthers sessile in throat, style 

and stigma about equalling anthers, or longer; fruit globose, 

thin-walled, strongly septicidal, the two halves separating, 

hemispherical, almost closed by the split halves of the septum; 

seed peltate suborbicular, blackish, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, with a 

prominent ridge on the attachment side. 

Apparently belonging to sect. Diplophragrna, even though 

herbaceous. 

Apparently endemic to the mountains of Ponape (with a 

variety on Truk), growing in the undergrowth in montane 

rainforest and on exposed mossy peaks and crests. 

Hedyotis ponapensis (Valeton) Hosokawa var. ponapensis 

This species, sensu stricto, as described above. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: Montesanto, 800 m, Ledermann 13783 (B, isotype); Mt. Niunioanii, Hosokawa 561 7 (US, 

A, BISH), 9523 (A); Mt. Nanaraut, Hosokawa 5960 (US); s. l., 

Kanehira 1611 (KYO, NY, BISH), 1640 (NY, US); Matalanim, Nakao in 1941 (KYO, 4 sheets); top of Mt. Ninani, 2550 

ft [780 m], Glassman 2886 (US, BISH); Mt. Nanalaut, 220 ft 

[670 m], Glassman 2360 (US, BISH); Stone 5475 (US); Mt. 

Poaipoai, 1500 ft [460 m], Glassman 2481 (US, BISH); Mt. 

Trunaushapoi (Nanaraut-san), Hosokawa 5980 (A, BISH); 

Nipit-one, Hosokawa 5820 (A, BISH); Mt. Nanaraut-Nampil, 

Hosokawa 6027 (A, BISH); Mt. Troton (Tolotom), Hosokawa 

5792 (BISH, BM, A); Mt. Beirut, 2100 ft [640 m], Glassman 

2549 (US); Nan-a-laut, Takamatsu 1088 (BISH); Mt. Selentereh, NW face, Stone 5432 (US); s. l., Nakao in 1941 (KYO); 

below reservoir, above Nanpil Valley, Stemmermann 2909 

(BISH); trail from Awak to Mt. Tolonshappu, 350 m, 

Stemmermann & Haun 6559 (BISH). 

Hedyotis ponapensis var. robusta Hosokawa 

Hedyotis ponupensis var. robusta Hosokawa, Jour. Jap. Bot., 13:616, 1937; 

Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 7:210, 1937.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:235, 1991. 

Differs from var. ponapensis in more robust erect habit and 

entire or irregularly dentate stipules, corolla more densely 

pubescent within. 

Endemic to Truk, growing in open grassland on a mountain 

top. Known only from type collection from “Truk, islet Wara 

(Moen), on an open grassland on Mt. Witipen.” T Hosokawa 

8438. (US, A, BISH). 
NUMBER 81 77 

Hedyotis pumila L. f. 

Hedyoris pumila L. f., Suppl., 119, 1781.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:235, 1991. 

Prostrate herb, forming small mats a few cm across, stems 

square, minutely puberulent, especially near nodes; leaves 

ovate, subsessile, 5-6 x 3.5 mm, acute, very slightly cuspidate, 

margins and midrib scabrous, blade very sparsely so or 

subglabrous, veins obscure, even the midrib, which is visible 

because slightly carinate beneath; stipules with 2 prominent 

subulate-setiform teeth, with or without several lateral much 

reduced ones; peduncles and pedicels axillary, 1.5-4 mm long, 

1 at a node except 2 to 4 sometimes terminally, or rarely 2 in 

same axil, occasionally a peduncle with 2 pedicellate flowers, 

but more usually a single pedicellate flower; hypanthium 

campanulate-turbinate somewhat compressed, calyx lobes 1.5 

mm long, ovate to triangular acuminate, margins scabrous 

midrib slightly so; corolla tube cylindric, 1-1.2 mm long, 

greenish white, lobes ovate, 1 mm long, spreading, pink or pale 

lavender with 2 purple spots at base, throat with a few hairs; 

anthers scarcely exserted, white, ovate; stigmas 2, white, 

fleshy, oblong, slightly more exserted than anthers; capsule 

broadly ellipsoidal, about 2 x 1.3 mm, with 4 strong costae and 

4 weak or incomplete ones, disk in fruit elevated, compressed 

transversally to septum, dehiscing loculicidally across disk, 

fruit walls firm-chartaceous; seeds brownish black, rounded on 

outer side, sub-angular inward, about 0.3 mm greatest diameter, 

surface shallowly foveolate reticulate, scar minute, not at all 

sunken in a pit. 

This tiny prostrate herb, collected on the University of Guam 

campus, growing on bare or somewhat grassy soil, seems to be 

new to Guam as well as to Micronesia and probably to the 

Pacific Islands. It is said to be native to south and southeast 

Asia, and seems to be rather weedy in its occurrence. It must 

have arrived in Guam rather recently. The Guam plants differ 

from the descriptions of the Asiatic ones in having pink or 

lavender rather than white flowers. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPEClMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-GUam: Mangilao, University of 

Guam campus, pioneer on bare scraped limestone soil in full 

sun, 19 Jun 1984, Fosberg 59624 (US, BISH, GUAM, 

POM, L). 

Hedyotis sachetiana Fosberg 

Hedyotis sachetiana Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:235, 1991. 

Shrub with thickish subglabrous, somewhat fistulous main 

stems, much more slender branches, branching at above 45" 

angles, at least near summit, smallest branches tending to be 

slightly hirtellous; leaves broadly elliptic, blades to 8.5 x 4.5 

cm, abruptly sharply short acuminate, base acutely contracted 

slightly decurrent, both surfaces appressed-hirsute especially 

the lower, rather densely so when young, more sparsely when 

older, main veins 4-6 on a side, network rather coarse, petiole 

rather slender, hirsute, to 2 cm long; stipules about 5-8 mm 

long, almost truncate except for pectinate margin with setiform 

processes unequal, about 11 on a side, 1-3 mm long, entire 

stipule and setiform processes strongly hirsute, becoming less 

so in age, stipules connate into a funnelform cup, adnate to 

petiole bases; inflorescences appearing verticillate but clearly 

condensed branched cymes forming glomerules about 1 cm 

wide, these axillary, from almost sessile to strongly pedunculate, peduncles to 2 cm long, or proliferating to a second 

peduncle, the whole prominently hirsute, flowers almost sessile 

to very shortly pedicellate; hypanthium hirsute, calyx-lobes 

broadly linear, to 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, prominently 

hirsute, tending to become recurved, persisting on fruit until 

after dehiscence; capsule obovoid-subglobose,about 2.5 mm 

long, hirsute, dehiscing completely septicidally, then about 

half-way loculicidally; seeds conspicuously peltate, circular, 

cellular-margined, reticulate, dark brown, base widely cuneatecompressed, prominent. 

This species is known only from the fairly complete type 

specimen (which, unfortunately, lacks corollas). It seems 

clearly related to H. fornentosa, with which it grows, but differs 

in being much less densely, but more coarsely hirsute, not at all 

white sericeous, in its broader, thinner, much less venulose, 

much longer-petiolate leaves, in its strongly united almost 

truncate (in general outline), rather than triangular scarcely 

united, stipules, these not white sericeous, in its looser 

glomerules, and in being a much larger plant, more leafy 

distally. It could have been described as a variety of H. 

fornentosa, but does not look like that species, which is quite 

coherent and not particularly variable. 

It is named for Dr. Marie-Helene Sachet, our late colleague 

in Pacific island botany. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeidaob: Arumonoguisogen, Arumaten IX. 15, 1933, Hosokawa 6785 (US, holotype). 

Hedyotis scabridifolia Kanehira 

Hedyoris scabridifolia Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 257, f. 8, 

1935; Enum. Micr. PI., 419, 1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 26:224, 1936.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. 

Bot., 22:41, 1975.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:268, 

1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:236, 1991. 

Hedyoris saipanensis Hosokawa, Joum. Soc. Trop. Agr.. 6569, 1934 [nomen 

nudum]; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:38, 1935. 

Shrub or suffutescent herb, stems sharply quadrangular, 

sulcate when dry, branched near base, fertile branches or 

inflorescences near summit; leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic, 4-7 

x 1.3-2 cm, veins 3 or 4 on a side, somewhat impressed above, 

prominent below, apex acute to acuminate, base subsessile to 
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

shortly petiolate; stipules triangular, with a heavy intermarginal 

flange, margin strongly pectinate with many stiff setiform 

gland-tipped processes; upper branches, rarely the terminal 

shoot, prolonged into racemiform panicles, the bracteate 

branches of these panicles divergent ascending, ending in a 

small glomerule, or branching, branches ending in such small 

glomerules, main ramifications with cordate foliaceous bracts; 

hypanthium puberulent, calyx lobes. erect, triangular, becoming 

involute, persistent; corolla white or pale lavender, about 6 mm 

long, tubular funnelform, lobes ovate, 3 mm, inside margins 

woolly; anthers 1.5 mm long, well-exserted from sinuses; style 

elongate, exserted about 5 mm, stigma lobes divergent 

recurved; capsule depressed globose, 1.5 mm x 2 mm, crowned 

by persistent calyx, septicidal; seed dark-brown or black, 

peltate, somewhat pentagonal or rectangular, reticulate. 

Close to H. laciniara but with inflorescence pattern more like 

that of H. fruticulosa. Notable for its long-exserted style. Has 

been confused in herbaria with both of these species. Two 

varieties may be distinguished. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Hedyotis scabridvolia 

Whole plant puberulent or hispidulosus . . . var. scabridvolia 

Vegetative parts glabrous . . , . . . . . , . . , . . var. stonei 

Hedyotis scabridvolia Kanehira var. scabridvolia 

Whole plant puberulent or hispidulous, ultimate infloresKnown only from Saipan. 

cence branchlets and hypanthia pilosulous. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Kanehira 45 (FLJK, type, not 

seen); Marche 19 (P, US), 20 (P, US); Raishingan, Hosokawa 

8025 (BISH, A, isotypes of H. saipanensis). 

Hedyotis scabridvolia var. stonei Fosberg 

Hedyofis scabridif’olia var. stonei Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:237, 1991. 

As in var. scabridifofia but stems and leaves glabrous. 

The material from Rota and Guam is glabrous except the 

ultimate inflorescence branches and flowers. Found in savannas and disturbed places. 

It is named for Prof. B.C. Stone, one of the collectors. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-RO~~: s. l., Necker R518 (US); trail up 

to Sabana, near highest point of island, 500 m, Evans 2107 

Guam: Approach to Mt. Lamlam, 100 m, Gregory and 

Necker 394 (US); near Sagua River, due W of Mt. Lamlam, 

Stone 4192 (US); just W of NASA Station, Dan Dan, 80 m, 

(US). 

Fosberg 59747 (US, BISH, POM, L); ridge SE of Umatac, 

60-70 m, Anderson 283 (US, BISH, MO); S to SE of Umatac, 

80-100 m, Fosberg 35439 (US holotype, BISH, POM, K, A, 

isotypes). 

Hedyotis strigulosa (Bartling ex de Candolle) Fosberg 

Hedyotis srrigulosa (Bartling ex de Candolle) Fosberg, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

45:28, 1980; Allertonia, 6:237, 1991.-Fosberg et al, Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 

1980.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:268, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Micronesica, 16:213, 1980. 

Oldenlandia strigulosa Bartling ex de Candolle, Prod., 4427, 1830. 

Oldenlandia albido-punctata Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:297, 1930.- 

VaIeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:297, 1930.-Kanehira Enum. Micr. PI., 422, 

1935.-Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:219, 1936. 

Hedyotis albido-puncrata (Memll) Fosberg, Lloydia, 3: 123, 1940.4t. John, 

Pac. Sci., 2:273, 1948.-Walker and Rodin, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 30:465, 

1949.-Stone, Micronesica, 6546, 1971 .-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, 

Smith. Contr. Bot., 22:40, 1975. 

Branched glabrous herb, stems to 3 dm long, prostrate to 

decumbent or ascending, in all parts tending to be subfleshy 

and marked by tiny white linear rhaphid bundles (probably 

giving rise to the epithet “strigulosa” and perhaps also to the 

epithet “albido-punctata”), leaves spatulate to oblong, obovate 

or elliptic, 1-3 (-4) cm long, apex obtuse but slightly 

mucronate, sub-fleshy or sub-coriaceous, base gradually 

narrowed to a broad attachment or a short slightly winged 

petiole, veins except midrib obscure; stipules linear with an 

abruptly broadened base that is adnate to the petiole-base, 

frequently one (or even 2) pairs of subordinate lateral linear 

teeth; flowers borne in open few-flowered (3 to lo), somewhat 

irregular cymes, terminally and in upper mils, the plant in 

extreme cases appearing paniculate, lowest bracts reduced 

leaves, upper ones thick scale-like ovate to linear or subulate, 

carinate, distal “pedicels” sometimes bracteolate, pedicels 

usually thick, scarcely filiform; hypanthium fleshy, calyx-lobes 

narrowly to broadly ovate, obtuse to acute or cuspidate, erect, 

persistent, 1-1.5 mm long, united at base, scarcely enlarging in 

fruit; corolla tube shorter than calyx, swollen, throat contracted, 

lobes ovate to oblong ovate, somewhat exceeding calyx, 

bearded at base in throat; capsules broadly obovoid, about 3 X 

3.5 mm, loculididal, slightly compressed; seeds minute, about 

0.3 mm high and wide, somewhat obpyramidal, top convex, 

angles not sharp, surface dull blackish brown, papillate. 

This species is related to H. bijl’ora, being sometimes hard to 

distinguish from it when dry, but when fresh notable for its firm 

fleshy leaves and stiffish stems and cymes, and larger fruits. 

Found on limestone shores and sea-cliffs throughout the 

western Pacific. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-ngesil (Palau: Angaur; St. John 

21503). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Haenke (G, type). Sarigan: NW 
NUMBER 81 79 

coast, sea level to 75 ft [22 m], Falanruw 1779 (US); 1797; 300 

ft [90 m], 1763 (US); coastal bluffs about anchorage, on NW 

coast sea level to 75 ft [22 m], Falanruw 1794 (US). 

Anatahan: s. l., Kanehira 2152 (US); NW tip of island, 0-10 

m, Evans 2450 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Saipan: Stephens 39, 52 (POM); Agingan Pt., S end of 

island, Townes in 1946 (US, BISH); Marpi Pt., 30 m, Fosberg 

31332 (US, BISH, POM); S side of Kagman Peninsula, W of 

Kagman Pt., 30 m, Fosberg 31302 (US, BISH, POM, NY); sea 

cliffs on Tsukiki Bay, E of Mt. Petosukara, E side of northern 

end of island, 75 m, Fosberg 2521 1 (US, BISH); Laulau Katan 

Pt., 30-50 m, Fosberg 31924 (US); Bird (Sukimi) Island 

Beach, 0-10 m, Evans 2322 (US). 

Tinian: Hosokawa 7727 (BISH), 7767 (A, BISH), 7741, (A, 

BISH); Taga Beach, Fosberg 59886 (US, BISH, POM); Tinian 

(former town), SW coast of island, 3-30 m, Fosberg 24771 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); north end, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka 2846 

(US, BISH, POM); “Palm Beach,” about 1 mi [1.6 km] S of 

Faibus Pt., Fosherg 24863 (US); terrace on SE coast of island 

NE of Carolina Pt., 60-80 m, Fosberg 24844 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); E of North Air Field, Fosberg 24919 (US, BISH); 

Lake Hagoya, N end of island, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24788 (US, 

BISH, POM); “Yellow Beach,” E of Mt. Lasso, E coast of 

island 1-10 m, Fosherg 24908 (US, BISH); Liyang area, 

Herbst & Falanruw 6814 (US); N of Unai Chigget, Fosberg 

64531 (US, BISH). 

Agiguan: Kondo in 1952 (BISH). 

Rota: 1 mi [ 1.6 km] NE of Sonson, NW coast of W end of 

island, Fosherg 25134 (US, BISH, POM); Necker R34 (US); 

Peace Memorial Park, Raulerson 17063 (US); SW side of 

island, 0-5 m, Evans 1910 (US, BISH, POM, NY); beach at 

Swimming Hole, N tip of island, 1 m, Sachet 1787 (US); NW 

coast of W end of main part of island, between Rota and 

Tataacho Pt., 1-70 m, Fosherg 25134 (US, BISH); N coast 

near Teteto Beach, 2 m, Fosberg with Moore 58223 (US, 

BISH, POM); Coconut Village resort, 5 m, Raulerson 19002 

(US). 

Guam: s. l., Marche 90 (P, POM); Le Guillou 34 (P); 

Fosherg 43504 (US, BISH, POM); s. l., McGregor 375 (BISH, 

BM, isotypes) Gaudichaud s.n. (P); beach E of Barrigada 

village, Steere 143 (US), 130a (US); N of Agena Bay, Rodin 

709 (US); sandspit at Apra Harbor, Stone 3848 (GUAM); 

Cocos Island, Stone 4241 (GUAM); E coast, Talofofo Bay, 

Ypan Pt., P.H. Moore 343 (US); Agfayan Pt., Necker 375 (US); 

Pati Pt., 160 m, Necker 362 (US); Anao Pt., Moran 4547 (UC, 

POM, US); Guae, Moran 4618 (UC, POM, US); SW coast, 

Moran 4623 (UC, POM, US); Agat, Nelson 205 (BISH); Pati 

Pt., 160 m, Necker 362 (BISH); between Pugua and Haputu 

Pts., Fosherg & Aguon 59777 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Tarague Beach, Fosherg 59818 (US); between Agfayan Bay 

and Inarajan, Fosherg 59821 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Oca 

Pt., Glassman 55 (US); Tumon Bay, S end of beach, 0-5 m, 

Evans 218 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Tumon bay, Ypao Beach, 

1 m, Sachet 1723 (US, BISH, POM); Inarajan SE coast, 

Fosberg 25368 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Tarague Beach, Wend, 

near caves, 3-4 m, Anderson 232 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Umatac, 1 m, Fosberg 35415 (US); just N of Campanaya Pt., 

10 m, Fosberg 35466 (US, BISH, POM); Ritidian Pt., 

Anderson 202 (US); Campanaya Pt., 0-5 m, Evans 258 (US); 

Ylig Bay, 1 m, Fosberg 43445 (US). 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Kanehira 2016 (US, P). Babeldaob: Gatulel-to, Ailai-son, Hosokawa 7313 (A, BISH, US). 

Aulupse’el: Ngerenchol, Lee Marvin Beach, 1 m, Canfield 451 

(US); Oropusyakaru-to, Hosokawa 7442 (BISH). Urukthapel: 

Middle of NE coast of Magaiald, 1 m, Fosberg 25865 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L); S side of SW peninsula, 1-2 m, Fosberg 

32227 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Todai-san, Hosokawa 7528 

(BISH, US); Risong, Matuker Bay, 2 m, Fosberg 47568 (US). 

Ngeanges: 2-25 m, Fosberg 25835 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Peleliu: N end of strip of land on E side of island called ‘‘Purple 

Beach,” 0-2 m, Fosberg 26003 (US, BISH, POM). Aulong 

(rock island): Salsedo 10 (US). Mecherchar: Otobed P-10122 

(US). Angaur: St. John 21503 (BISH, US); WNW coast rd., 7 

m, Canfield 174 (US). NW coast, 30 m, Fosberg 25921 (US, 

BISH, NY, POM, L). 

Ulithi: Falalop, Lessa s.n. (BISH); Falalap Islet, 1-3 m, 

Fosberg 46633 (US, BISH, POM); Asor Islet, 1-2 m, Fosberg 

46458 (US, BISH). 

Fais: Fatadol, S end of island, 10 m, Fosberg 46731 (US, 

BISH); Yldow, W coast near S end of island, 1 m, Fosberg 

46728 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Hedyotis suborthogona Hosokawa 

Hedyotis suborthogono Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 2856, 

1938.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:268, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia 6:239, 1991. 

“Herbaceous,” to 1 m tall, stem slender, sharply 4-angled and 

sulcate when dry, glabrous; leaves narrowly elliptic to 

ovate-elliptic, to 10 x 3 cm, apex bluntly acuminate, base 

cuneate-attenuate, main veins 5 to 7 on a side, somewhat 

impressed above, prominent beneath, glabrous, petiole slender, 

to 1 cm long; stipules triangular, with 2 dorsal flanges, margins 

adnate to petioles at base, pectinate with linear gland-tipped 

hirtellous processes; inflorescences terminal and in upper axils, 

3 at terminal node, 15-18 cm long, racemiform-thyrsoid, 

hirtellous, especially distally, branching divaricate to slightly 

ascending, rhachis of 3-7 internodes, branches subtended by 

elliptic foliaceous, petiolate to subpetiolate bracts connected by 

diminutive stipules, becoming smaller at distal nodes, flowers 

and fruits sessile in small tight heads, these sessile or 

pedunculate, flowers 1 to 10 in a head; calyx lobes linear, 

persistent, becoming conspicuously recurved, strongly hirtellous, about 2 mm long; corolla funnelform, 4-5 mm long, 

pilose or villous within, lobes ovate, involute, 2 mm long; 

stamens included, filaments very short, anthers linear, about 1 

mm long; style exserted, about 4 mm long; “clavate”; capsule 
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

subglobose to globose, to 2 mm long and wide, hirsutulous, 

dehiscing completely septicidally, then slightly loculicidally; 

seeds peltate, 0.6-0.8 mm across, rounded to quadrangular or 

hexagonal, dull brownish black, attachment on a sharp 

wedge-like ridge or projection, testa obscurely reticulate. 

Related to H. fruticulosa, differing in leaf shape, more 

slender and divaricately branched inflorescence, which is much 

more strongly hirsutulous, calyx lobes linear, flowers and fruits 

much more tightly capitulate. Perhaps even more closely 

related to H. scabridifolia, as suggested by Hosokawa, 

differing in narrower bracts, shorter petioles, narrower leaves, 

more strongly hirsutulous inflorescence, tighter capitulae, 

linear strongly recurved calyx lobes, included stamens, and less 

reticulate seeds. These three, perhaps with H. laciniata, form a 

closely related group, and are more remotely related to the H. 

divaricata group. 

Known only from Palau, and only definitely from the type 

collection and one other. Possibly some of the plants from 

Palau earlier referred to H. fruticulosa belong here. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Ngarsul, 22 Aug 

1937, Hosokawa 9024 (A, isotype, holotype not seen); near 

Airai Airfield along “Nakken Road,” Cheatham 87 (US, POM, 

BISH). 

Hedyotis tomentosa (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyofis fomenfosa (Valeton) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 

24204, 1934.-Kanehira, Enurn. Micr. PI., 419, 1935; Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 25:3, 1935.-Hatusirna, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 26:224, 

1936.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:215, 1940; Allertonia, 6:240, 

1991.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15268, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Oldenlandia tomentosa Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:292, 1930. 

Shrub or dwarf-shrub to 0.8 m tall, more or less yellowish 

velvety-pilose in all parts, stems nodose, shortly soft pubescent 

to tomentose, somewhat 4-angled, sparsely branched, many 

small fertile branches above, tending to give a paniculate 

appearance; leaves ovate to elliptic, to 8 cm long, apex acute or 

tending to be acuminate, base acute, strongly nerved, especially 

beneath, 4 to 6 nerves on a side, petiole short; stipules 

white-sericeous, triangular, with 5 to 11 densely appressed 

pilose setae; flowers in dense globose heads, about 1 cm in 

diameter, these sessile at nodes of main stems and of slender 

axillary branchlets near top of plant, and on stiff strong 

spreading to ascending peduncles from some upper axils, 

sessile heads tending to be subtended by leaves, these full-sized 

or variously reduced, heads blackish purple; calyx deeply 

lobed, lobes triangular lanceolate, mucronate, inner faces less 

pilose than outer; corolla purple, funnelform, about 4-5 mm 

long, tube included in calyx, throat exserted, lobes ovate, acute 

tips very slightly cucullate, exterior of corolla only slightly 

pilose, interior of lobes densely so, lobes recurved; anthers 

broadly linear, almost completely exserted; capsules broadly 

obovoid, septicidal into two coccus-like valves, these splitting 

somewhat loculididally at apex; seeds brown to black, 

polygonally peltate, base obpyramidal, outer surface notably 

reticulate, greatest diameter as much as 1 mm. 

Endemic to Caroline Islands: Palau: Babeldaob, Koror, and 

Ngarakabesang islands, growing in savannas on deeply 

weathered volcanic areas. 

lebleb (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

leblebul (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

leblebuul (Palau: Otobed, ms, 1967) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: s. l., Ledermann 141 71 (B, 

isotype); s. 1. Richardson 80 (US). Babeldaob: Arumonoguisogen, near Arumaten, Hosokawa 6786 (A); Ngeremtengel, Fosberg 32462 (US, BISH, POM, MO, BRI, NSW, 

CHR, T, L, K); Ngerumongui, Fosberg 50573 (US, BISH, NY, 

P, GB); road to Ibobang, Rinehart (Raulerson’s) 17140 (US); 

Ngardok Lake, Melekeok [Melekiok] Mun., 25 m, Canfield 

and Bright 289 (US); hills between Melekeok [= Melekiok] and 

Lake Ngardok, 30-60 m, Fosberg 32600 (US), 32598 (US, 

matsu 1349 (BISH); Airai, airport, Salsedo 162 168 (US); 

Cheatham 187 (US, BISH, UC, S); hills between Melekeok [= 

Melekiok] and Lake Ngardok, 30-60 m, Fosberg 32598 (US, 

BISH, POM, MO, BM, BRI). Koror: s. l., Blackburn and 

Bechesnak E59 (US); Savannah Ngessol, Salsedo 94 (US). 

Arakabesan (Ngarakabesang): Blackburn 21 6 (US); western 

peninsula, 10-20 m, Fosberg 32469 (US, BISH, POM, A, L, 

AAU, T). 

BISH, POM, MO, BM, BRI); Gantdokku (Ngardok), TakaHedyotis tuyamae Hosokawa 

Hedyofis tuyamae Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 28:67, 

1938.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:268, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 41, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:240, 1991. 

Shrub, to 2 m tall, erect or tangled, hirtellous, to densely so, 

branched especially near top, stems squarish but not angled, 

slightly sulcate when dry, internodes to 5 cm long; leaves 

elliptic to somewhat ovate, 6-10 (-1 1) x 2-4 cm, nerves 4 to 

6 on a side, chartaceous to stiffly so, hirtellous or hispidulous, 

especially on nerves on lower surface, acuminate, acute to 

contracted at base to a petiole about 1 cm or less, rarely to 2 cm; 

stipules triangular to low triangular, margined, pectinate with 7 

unequal strongly hirtellous setiform processes, center one 

longest; inflorescences axillary slender open thysoid cymes, 

shorter to much longer than leaves, main axis 2 to 4 internodes, 

pairs of reduced leaves or bracts at nodes of well-developed 

thyrses, bracts of small thyrses and ramifications of larger ones 
NUMBER 81 81 

much reduced to obsolete, main branches divaricate from nodes 

of thyrse axis, next 2 or 3 ramifications with 2 somewhat 

ascending branches and a sessile or subsessile flower in the 

middle, subsequent branches either ending in a triad or 

glomerule of sessile or subsessile flowers, or elongating in a 

zig-zag fashion with 1 or rarely 2 flowers or fruits at a node, 

ending in a small glomerule, the whole strongly hirtellous, 

internodes square in section; flowers with hypanthium turbinate, hirtellous, calyx lobes ovate, hirtellous, erect to reflexed, 

persistent; corolla externally sparsely hirtellous, funnelform, 

3-4 mm long, lobes ovate, about ‘/3 the corolla length, woolly 

within, becoming spreading to recurved; anthers well included, 

at about the middle of the corolla tube, protruding very slightly 

when corolla lobes are fully reflexed; style at anthesis just 

exceeding corolla lobes, but elongating so that the irregularly 

capitate stigma becomes well-exserted: capsule globose, 1.5-2 

mm diameter, hirtellous, splitting septicidally, valves finally 

separating, dividing slightly loculididally; seeds dull brown, 

peltate, about 0.6-0.8 mm across, reticulate, attachment on a 

wedge-shaped projection. 

Apparently endemic in the volcanic soil areas of Palau, 

where it is quite common. It was even found on a tiny volcanic 

exposure in a sink-hole bay on the south coast of Aulupse’el 

Island surrounded by high limestone slopes. 

lebleb (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

leblebul (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: W coast, Itau, first 

estuary S of Me’ebe’ubul, 1 m, Fosberg 32404 (US, BISH, 

POM, L). Ngarakabesang [= Arakabesan]: W side near old 

Japanese seaplane base, 1-20 m, Fosberg 25619 (US, BISH, 

POM, MO, K), 25670 (US, BISH, A, BM, CHR, T, NSW); S 

side of W peninsula, 10-30 m, Fosberg 32119 (US, BISH, 

POM, MO, NY, CHR, BRI, G, P, L). Aulupse’el: Landlocked 

bay at SE comer of island, 0-4 m, Fosberg 32357 (US, BISH, 

L, MO). 

Hedyotis uncinelloides (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyotis uncinelloides (Valeton) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 

24204, 1934.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 419, 1935 [as Hedyoris 

uniselloides]; Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:3-4, 1935.-Hatusima, 

Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:224-225, 1936.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. 

Bull., 209:93, 1952.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:269, 

1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6241 -242, 1991. 

Oldenlandia uncinelloides Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:295-296, 1930. 

Oldenlandia uniceloides (Valeton) Kanehira, 1935:419 [sphalm.]. 

Hedyotis unicelloides (Valeton) Hosokawa ex Kanehira, 1935:419 [sphalm.]. 

Low herb or suffrutescent, to 25 cm tall, stems glabrous, 

4-angled, internodes short, at most 2.5 cm long: leaves 

narrowly ovate or elliptic, up to 4.5 x 1.2 cm long, apices acute, 

slightly cuspidate, base attenuate to very short petiole or 

subsessile, margins revolute, veins 4 on a side, very weak 

below; stipules triangular, obscurely toothed or with 3 to 5 

linear teeth, to sharply pectinate, glabrous; inflorescences 

axillary and terminal, densely verticillate or capitate, terminal 

heads to 1.7 mm across, glabrous, flowers very crowded; calyx 

lobes ovate to lanceolate, acute, 1.5-2 mm, becoming 

recurved, from a united tubular base slightly exceeding capsule 

in fruit; corolla, white, glabrous, funnelform, 3-4 mm long, 

tube included in calyx, throat exserted, lobes ovate erect to 

recurved, twice length of tube: anthers included, sessile in 

throat, style short, glabrous: fruit very firm, globose, about 2 

mm long, septicidal, separating into 2 cocci, septum splitting, 

enclosing seeds, opening tardily by a ventral slits; seeds peltate, 

about 0.6 mm diam., rounded to obscurely pentagonal, testa 

brown, reticulate, attachment on a prominent wedge-shaped 

projection, seeds several in a cell, rather than 2 as stated by 

Valeton. 

Found on wet mountain ridges at moderate elevations, 

uncommon. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POnape: s. l., Ledermann 13538b (B); 

hill between Nanpil and Palikir, NW ridge of Mt. Tamatamansakir, 100-150 m, 9 Aug 1946, Fosberg 26268 (US). (Type 

Ledermann 13537 not seen, probably lost in Berlin bombing.) 

Hedyotis verticilluta (L.) Lamarck 

Hedyoris verticillafa (L.) Lamarck, Tab. Encycl., 1:271, 1791 [1792].-Memll, 

Int. Rumph. Herb. Amb., 479, 1917.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:242, 1991. 

Oldenlandia verticilluta L., Mant., 1 :40, 1767. 

Hedyoris hispidu Retzius, Obs., 4:23, 1786. 

Herbaceous, diffuse, depressed to ascending, stems 4-angled 

or at least with 4 costae, usually hispid-pilose; leaves ovate to 

elliptic (or linear-lanceolate), acute or slightly acuminate, 

sessile or subsessile, veins so obscure as to be not easily 

noticed; stipules low, divided into 5, 7, or more stiff slender 

setae; flowers in small, condensed verticels in usually middle to 

lower mils; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, about 2 mm long, 

hispid-ciliate, apex somewhat produced and very sharp, 

persistent on fruit, erect: corolla funnelform campanulate, 

about 3 mm long, bearded within, anthers included; fruit 

globose or sub-globose, tardily dehiscent, loculicidal: seeds 

minute, angulate, wedge-shaped. 

This species is widespread in south and east Asia and 

Malesia. It is variable and can be separated into several 

varieties. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Hedyotis verticillata 

Stems hirsute or hirsutulous . . . . . . . . . . var. verticillarcl 

Stems scabrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. scabem‘mu 
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Hedyotis verticillata (L.) Lamarck var. verticillata 

The plant as described above, with stems hirsutulous or 

hirsute-pilose, leaves ovate or elliptic, tending to be scabrous. 

Known from China to India and Assam, Thailand, the 

Philippines, Sumatra, Java, the Moluccas, and Palau. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Canfield 675 (US), 

Hedyotis verticillata var. scabemha Hatusima 

Hedyotis verficillata var. scaberrima Hatusima, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC., 

Formosa, 26:224, 1936.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:269, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 

6:243, 1991. 

Hedyofis verficillafa sensu Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 420, 1935; Trans. Nat. 

Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:4. 1935 [non (L.) Lamarck]. 

Plant scabrous. 

Recorded only from Palau, but scabrous plants are known 

from Sumatra. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Marikyoku (Malekiok) [= Melekiok], Kanehira 489 (BISH, isotype). 

Hedyotis vestita R. Brown ex G. Don 

Hedyofis vesfifa R. Brown ex G. Don, Gen. Syst., 3527, 1834.-Hatusima, 

Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:222, 1936.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:243, 

1991. 

Oldenlandia vestita (R. Brown ex G. Don) Drake, Jour. de Bot., Morot, 9:216, 

1895. 

Hedyotis costala (Roxburgh) Kurz, Jour. Asiatic SOC. Bengal, 45(2): 135, 

1876.-Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 50:607, 1936.-Fosberg and Sachet, 

Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:27. 1980 [non R. Br. ex G. Don, 18341. 

Diffusely branched villous herb with square sulcate stems, 

more prominently villous in the sulci; leaves thin, ovate to 

ovate-lanceolate, strongly acuminate, about 5-9 x 2-2.5 cm, 4 

or 5 nerves on a side, prominent beneath, impressed above, 

blade sparsely appressed hirsute on both surfaces, spreading 

hirsute on nerves beneath, petiole about 5 mm, densely pilose; 

stipules low triangular, with 3, rarely more, long very slender 

pilose setae; inflorescences pedunculate, several in an axil, 

usually also on a dwarf axillary branchlet, peduncles rarely 

unbranched, usually once or twice umbellately branched, each 

ultimate branch ending in a small globose glomerule or head of 

flowers, subtended by filiform bractlets; calyx lobes linear, 

persisting on fruit; corolla tubular to slightly campanulate, tube 

about 1 mm long, lobes subequal with it, oblong-ovate, pilose 

externally, especially toward apex, glabrous within; stamens in 

sinuses, anthers oval, slightly exserted; fruit a small globose 

nut, rugose externally, with a hard bony indehiscent endocarp, 

8 or 10 seeds irregularly angular, notably reticulate. 

Related to Hedyotis auricularia, but differing notably in the 

pedunculate inflorescences several in an axil, the peduncles 

branched. Several varieties are apparent, based on pubescence 

and leaf-shape; var. vestita not known from Micronesia, but 

one variety described (as a species) from Palau. 

Hedyotis vestita var. lutescens (Kanehira) Fosberg 

Hedyotis vestita var. lutescens (Kanehira) Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:244, 1991. 

Hedyotis costafa var. lufescens (Kanehira) Fosberg, Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:28, 

198O.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15267, 1979. 

Hedyotis lufescens Kanehira, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:4, 1935; 

Enum. Micr. PI., 419, 1935. 

Oldenlandia vestita (G. Don) Drake, Joum. Bot., 9:24, 1895.-Valeton, Bot. 

Jahrb., 63:297, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 422, 1935. 

Hedyofis cosfata sensu Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 50:607, 1936 [non 

(Roxburgh) Kurz, Jour. As. Soc. Beng., 45(2):135, 18761. 

Hedyotis vestita sensu Hatusima, Trans. Nat Hist, Soc. Formosa, 26222, 

1936.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15215, 1940 [non R. Br. ex G. Don, 

Gen. Syst., 3527, 18341. 

Differs from var. vestita principally in the much denser 

pubescence, shorter, and simpler inflorescences. 

Reduced outright by both Kanehira and Hatusima to H. 

vestita, but the characters given above seem to justify retaining 

it as a variety. 

In Micronesia known from savannas on Babeldaob Island, 

Palau; similar specimens seen from Hainan and Indo-China. 

The type is from Aimiriik, Kanehira 1980, not seen. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Ngatkip, Ledermann 14488 (B); Takamatsu 1512 (BISH); Ngatsul (Ngarsul?), 

Ledermann 14352 (B); savanna at edge of playing field, 

Modekngei School of Iboband, Raulerson 5550 (US). 

Hydnophytum Jack 

Hydnophytum Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14:124, 1823. 

Epiphytic glabrous subshrub with unarmed tuber at base of 

stem, containing galleries inhabited by ants; leaves simple, 

opposite, usually subcoriaceous to fleshy; stipules triangular 

herbaceous or coriaceous, persistent or caducous; inflorescence 

axillary dichotomously branched or glomerate or contracted, 

with or without crowded scaly bracts; flowers tetramerous; 

calyx truncate to 4-dentate; corolla tubular, funnelform or 

salverform, 4-lobed, lobes recurved or reflexed, throat usually 

bearded; stamens attached in throat; ovary 2-(rarely 4)celled, 

style usually 2-lobed at apex; fruit a 2-(rarely 4)stoned drupe 

with juicy sticky flesh, seed 1 in a locule, basally attached. 

A Malayo-Pacific genus, reaching Fiji and Palau. Noted for 

its symbiosis with ants. One species reported from Palau. 

Hydnophytum horneanum Beccari 

Hydnophytum horneanum Beccari, Malesia, 2(3):168, t. 43, f.15-25, 1885.- 

Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:321, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 420, 
NUMBER 81 83 

1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:269, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980.-Smith and Darwin in Smith, Fl. Vit. 

Nova, 5244, 1988. 

Stems articulate-nodose, 4-sided when very young; leaves to 

7 x 2 cm, oblong, rounded at both ends, very shortly petioled, 

chartaceous, lateral veins 4 or 5 on a side, visible on both sides, 

inflorescence tuberculiform, very small; flowers crowded, 

sessile, clavate in bud, calyx truncate, ciliolate; corolla tubular, 

about 7 mm long, throat glabrous, lobes ovate, slightly 

cucullate, anthers broadly elliptic, subsessile, fertile in brevistylous flowers, smaller in longystylous flowers, possibly 

sterile; disk elongate exceeding calyx, style filiform, stigma 

slightly 4-lobed; fruit about 7 mm long, obovoid; pyrenes 

obovate, plano-convex. 

Distribution Fiji to Palau. Apparently very rare in Palau, 

found only by Kraemer in 1910. We have not seen the 

specimen, probably destroyed in Berlin in World War 11. 

Smith and Darwin (1988:244) reduced this species to 

Hydrophytrum 1ongiJlorum A. Gray, which they regard as a 

Fijian endemic, though mentioning with doubt the Caroline 

Island report. Because we have seen no Palau specimen and 

because the Kraemer collection on which Valeton based the 

report was probably destroyed, we hesitate to follow the 

inclusion of H. horneanum in H. longiflorum, and to report the 

latter from Micronesia. We are, therefore with strong reservations simply including the plant, as originally reported by 

Valeton. We have little doubt that a tuberous myrmicophilous 

Rubiaceae was found by Kraemer, and hope that, by including 

and discussing it, we may interest collectors in searching for it. 

If found again, it would be one of the most interesting of 

Palauan plants. 

Ixora L. 

lxora L., Sp. PI., 110, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 48, 1754 [= 17531 

Shrubs and small trees; leaves simple, entire, sessile or, 

usually, shortly petiolate; stipules usually ovate-triangular and 

aristate-mucronate, or ovate-lanceolate, stiff, tardily caducous 

or persistent; inflorescence thyrsoid, decussately branched, or 

trichotomous, sometimes congested or much reduced, terminal 

or rarely pseudo-axillary (on reduced branchlets); calyx 

cup-shaped often very short, 4-dentate or lobed; corolla 

salverform, tube slender, lobes 4 (rarely 5), contorted; stamens 

attached at or below sinuses, exserted and reflexed, anthers 

pointing downward outside the sinuses; style elongating tardily 

and becoming well exserted, bifid, branches flattened, stigmatic within, becoming recurved after style elongates; ovary 

2-(very rarely 4) loculed, one ovule in each locule, attached to 

septum; fruit a drupe with 2, rarely 4, stones, endocarp indurate, 

thin, plano-convex, with a narrow ventral groove, seed 

plano-convex. 

A large pan-tropical genus, often with showy flowers. A 

number of species widely cultivated as ornamentals; two 

species native, at least three cultivated in Micronesia, including 

one the natives. Of the five valid species previously recorded 

for Micronesia one, I. amplexifolia, can definately be excluded 

from the flora as a misidentification; another I. chinensis, is 

considered doubtfully present in cultivation, as no specimens of 

this species from the area have been seen by us. A number of 

species and varieties, described from Micronesia, are here 

regarded as belonging to I. casei Hance. Valeton’s record of 

Ixora amplexifolia Lauterbach & Schumann seems to be based 

on a very fragmentary specimen of Eugenia stelechantha 

(Diels) Kanehira. Hosokawa (1937:202) was the first to suggest 

this. The Kramer specimen on which this record of a New 

Guinea species was based was very fragmentary, only a pair of 

leaves and an incomplete fruit, which, from Valeton’s 

description, could better be a Eugenia. It was probably 

destroyed in the Berlin herbarium. We have no hesitation in 

excluding I amplexicaulis from the Micronesian flora. 

Key to Micronesian Taxa of Ixora 

1. 

1. 

Inflorescence of 3 sessile flowers enclosed between 2 cordate or broadly ovate bracts 

...................................... Z.triantha 

Inflorescence a thyrse or cyme ........................... 2 

Leaves mostly cordate at base .......................... 3 

3. Leaves shortly acuminate ............. I. coccinea var. intermedia 

3. Leaves obtuse or rounded, or somewhat mucronate at apex .......... 4 

4. Corolla lobes acute ................ I. coccinea var. coccinea 

4. Corolla lobes blunt or obtuse ........... I. coccinea var. bandhuca 

2. Leaves cuneate or acute at base .......................... 5 

5. Inflorescence small (without corollas usually 2 cm or less wide), compact, 

corolla lobes 5-6.5 mm long, rounded at apex ......... I. chinensis 

5. Inflorescence open or if dense, over 2 cm wide, much branched, thyrsoid, 

corolla lobes usually acute, occasionally obtuse (if obtuse white or pink) 

2. 

........................................ 6 
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6. Thyrse dense or compact, main axis of 2-3, rarely 4, internodes, flowers 

white or pink. ............................. .7 

Calyx lobes several mm long, flowers white ....... Z.finlaysoniana 

Calyx lobes at most 1.5 mm long, flowers pink or old rose ........ ............................... I. siamensis 

Thyrse much branched, open to somewhat condensed, main axis of 4-6 

internodes (Zxora casei) .......................... 8 

8. Corolla lobes 9-1 1(-15) mm long ........... I. casei var. casei 

8. Corolla lobes less than 9 mm long. ................... 9 

9. Corolla lobes 5-6 mm long, leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong ... ........................ I. casei var. hnceolclta 

9. Corolla lobes 7-8 mm long, leaves elliptic to oblong .......... ........................ I. casei var. mediuloba 

7. 

7. 

6. 

Zxora casei Hance 

Ixora casei Hance in Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst., 2:754, 1852.-Volkens, 

Notizbl., 4:91, 1903 [as Ixora sp.].--Okabe, Joursea n. Jap. For. SOC., 

23:270, 1941 [as Ixora sp.].-Glassman, Pac. Sci., 7:296, 301, 1952.- 

Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:36, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, 

65.50, 1971 .-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974.-Niering, Atoll Res. 

Bull., 76: 1976 [as Ixora sp.1.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15269, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980.-Fosberg and 

Sachet, Baileya, 23:82-85, 1989. 

Ixora duffii Baine, Garden, 13:312, 1 pl., 1879.-T. Moore, Flor. et Pomol., 

9076, 2 f., 1878.-Bremekamp, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 111, 14:278, 

355, 1937. [Based on cultivated plants from stock brought by Duff to the 

Sydney Botanic Garden.] 

Ixora carolinensis Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:268, 1935; 

Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 7:201, 1937.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 420, 

1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15220, 1940.-Riesenberg, Journ. 

Anthrop., 4:427, 1948. 

Ixora carolinensis var. chartacea Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 12222,1940. 

Ixora carolinensis var. typica Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15221, 

1940.St. John, Pac. Sci., 2:112, 1948. 

Ixora carolinensis var. volkensii (Hosokawa) Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

15:222, 1940. 

Ixora macrorhyrsa sensu auct. p1ur.-Master, Gard. Chon., n. s. 22:267, 

1884.-Hooker, Bot. Mag., t. 6853, 1886 [non (Teysmann and Binnendijk) 

Moore, Flor. et Pomol., 76:1878]. 

Ixora pulcherrima Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:476. 1901.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 

360-361,1933.--0kabe, Nankyo, 2:45, 1943. 

lxora confertiflora Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:313, 1930.-Kanehira, Bot. Mag. 

Tokyo, 45:349, 1931; Fl. Micr., 362, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 420, 1935.4t. 

John, Pac. Sci., 2:112, 1948; 5:285, 1951 [non Menill, Phil. Journ. Sci. 

17:321, 19211. 

Ixora volkensii Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:269, 1935.- 

Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 420, 1935.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. 

lap., 7:201, 1937. 

Ixora longifolia sensu A.C. Smith and S. Darwin in A.C. Smith, Fl. Vit. Nova 

[not J.E. Smith in Rees, Cyclopedia, 19:1811]. 

Shrub, becoming almost tree-like and up to 6 m tall, 

glabrous, sparsely branched; leaves oblong to elliptic or 

broadly lanceolate, up to 30 x 12 cm, usually smaller, often 

much smaller, firm chartaceous, 12 to 18 veins on a side, 

arching slightly forward, usually weaker veins alternating with 

them, anastomosing toward margin, apex somewhat acuminate, 

base acute to attenuate, petiole 0.5-2 cm; stipules sheathing, 

free portion broadly ovate, acuminate or mucronate; cymes red, 

ample, terminal, quite varied in size, from flattish or 

hemispheric to almost globose-thyrsoid, main axis with 4 to 6 

internodes, trichotomously branched at each node, branches 

3-5 times trichotomous, a pair of scale-like tracts connected by 

stipules at each ramification; flowers very many, brilliant 

scarlet to orange red, calyx short, margin undulate to broadly 

and very obtusely 4-toothed; corolla tube slender, 2.5-3.5 cm 

long or often shorter, lobes 4, ovate, about 1 cm long, slightly 

acuminate or acute, sometimes considerably smaller; anthers 

linear, exserted from sinuses on fairly long filaments, style later 

strongly exserted, stigma bifid, the lobes becoming recurved; 

fruit subglobose 6-7 mm long, red turning dark, few setting in 

an inflorescence. 

The leaves of this species vary remarkably in size, and 

somewhat in shape. The size of the thyrses varies also, 

sometimes reaching 15 or even 20 cm wide. 

The plant is native on at least all the high Carolines and 

introduced into cultivation in Australia long ago from Kusaie, 

distributed from Sydney or Melbourne and now cultivated 

under various names throughout the tropics. Frequently 

confused with Zxora coccinea. It is introduced at least into the 

Marianas and northern Marshalls in Micronesia. 

UsEs.-spear shafts were made of the stems, also punting 

poles and rafters. Medicinally for stomach ache: Leaves of 

“gachuw” are mixed with crumbs of copra, and taken with 

coconut milk; for nausea: Decoction of young leaves of 

“gachuw” is taken (Yap: Okabe, 1943). Wood.. .the men like to 

use it when they make copra husking stakes. Also used for 

braces for canoe outriggers. The small branches are often made 

into fish hooks (Sonsorol: Berry 10). Buds are used in medicine 

for illness caused by spirit of breadfruit. Used in garlands. Used 

as “ways” when beaching canoe (Woleai: Alkire 29). Roots are 

used as a hemostatic in menstruation. In former times spears 

were made from the wood (Ponape: Glassman, 1952). Branches 

used for rim of flying fish nets, flowers in leis occasionally, 

sticks used by children in a game called “apis”; sometimes used 

as a Christmas tree (Namoluk: Marshall 69). Flowers used for 

garlands, put around head when dancing, wood for scoop net 
NUMBER 81 85 

for fish (Yap: Fosberg 25539). Flowers used for leis (Ulithi: 

Fosberg & Evans 46370). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

kantan agaga (Guam: Evans 1600) 

atiya (Palau: Hosokawa, 1937) 

kerdeo (Palau, Koror: Fosberg 32069) 

kerdeu (Palau: Otobed, 1967; Canfield 303) 

kerdew (Palau, Koror: Hardy 15; Salsedo 83) 

terdeo (Palau, Urukthapel: Fosberg 321 76) 

hasiyou (Sonsorol: Berry 10) 

gachieu (Yap: Fosberg 25539) 

gachiou bachichig (Yap: Cushing 506) 

gachiou (Yap: Cushing et al., 375, Cushing 50) 

gachuw (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

gagciyon (Yap: Wong 1129,429) 

brachio (Ulithi: Fosberg & Evans 46370) 

hachio (Ulithi: Hosokawa, 1937; Lessa 1) 

hachio (Fais: Evans 354) 

hachiu (Fais: Fosberg 46658) 

gashio (Woleai: Alkire 29) 

gatrion (Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 52) 

hatio (Ifaluk: Fosberg 4721 7) 

achiue (Nomwin: Evans 1118) 

atiu (Truk, Pis: Fosberg 24624) 

ajiu (Satawan: Anderson 934) 

katio (Nukuoro: Fosberg 26204) 

karadiu (Ponape: Kanehira, 1933) 

Kartieu (Ponape: Glassman, 1952) 

Katiu (Ponape: Riesenberg 20,21,23; Fosberg 26295) 

kelesew (Ponape: Soloman & George 23) 

kalesu (Pingelap: St. John 21463) 

galsua (Kusaie: Wong 68) 

kajiru (Ailinglapalap: Fosberg 26876) 

gajiru (Majuro: St. John, 1951) 

kajdro (Amo: Stone 1099; Anderson 3704,3763) 

kajiru (Jaluit: St. John 21666) 

Kajiru (Ebon: St. John & Cowan 22105) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Tinian: San Jose Valley, village, 

Rota: Songsong village, 5-10 m, Evans 2286 (US). 

Guam: Lujuna, 10-50 m, Evans 1600 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldoab: Ngerelong, 0.2 mi 

[0.3 km] W of Pkulrengerelong, 10 m, Canfield 303 (US); 

Garamiscan colony, upper Garamiscan River, 0-75 m, Fosberg 25691 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Gatulel-to, Ailai-son, 

Hosokawa 7315 (BISH, K); cult. Cheatham 13 (US). Koror: 

Road to airport, near KB bridge, 8 m, Shearard and Spence 83 

(US). Angaur: Holt 60 (US). 

Sonsorol: Berry 10 (US). 

Yap: Trail from E coast of central Yap W to Mt. Matade, 35 

cult., Fosberg 59924 (US, BISH). 

m, Cushing 440 (US); Tomil Islet, 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka 3260 

(US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Ulithi: Fassarai I., 7 ft [2.2 m], Hosaka 3207 (US, BISH, 

POM). 

Fais: Lochochoy, village on plateau, S end of island, 15 rn, 

Fosberg 46658 (US); village area, 5 m, Evans 354 (US). 

Ifaluk: Falarik, Abbott & Bates 52 (BISH, US). 

Truk: s. l., Pelzer 1 (US, BISH). Moen: Rainey 41 (US). Pis: 

N side of Truk barrier reef, cult, 1-2 m, Fosberg 24624 (US, 

BISH). 

Namoluk: Namoluk Islet, Marshall 69 (US). 

Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 934 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Nukuoro: Nukuro Islet, planted in dooryard, 1-2 m, Fosberg 

26204 (US, BISH, POM). 

Ponape: Mt. Tamatamansakir, 600 ft [182 m], Glassman 

2334 (BISH); Parkil-Kolonia, Hosokawa 5886 (BISH); NW 

ridge of Mt. Tamatamansakir, 150-250 m, Fosberg 26295 

(US, BISH, POM); Kanehira 1469 (NY); upper branch of 

Nanpili River, Miller 6693 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Nanipiru, 200 ft [61 m], Hosaka 3534 (US, BISH, POM). 

Kusaie: Walpers, 1851-52:754; Hooker, 1886: t. 6853; S 

slopes and ridges of Mt. Tafeyet, S of Lela Harbor, Fosberg 

26680 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); N ridge of Mt. Matanta, 

above Tafanshak village, Fosberg 26598 (US, BISH); Lela I., 

Lela Harbor, 7 ft [2.2 m], Wong 68 (US, BISH); “Strong I.” s. 

l., Case (K, probable holotype of I. casei); cult. Hort. Kew, s. 

coll. (K, 2 sheets), Lele, Takamatsu 344 (BISH); Mt. Matante, 

Takamatsu 502a, 542, 580 (all BISH); Kepla Plateau forest, 

near Palestik River, Falanruw 3549 (US); s. l., Kanehira 1311 

(NY). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein: Fosberg, growing in pot, 

1956, 1958. 

Ailinglaplap: Airik (a part of Ailinglaplap islet), 0-2 m, 

Fosberg 26876 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Amo: Arno I., throughout breadfruit zone, Stone 1099 

(POM); Ine I., Anderson 3704 (US, BISH, POM); Am0 I., 

Anderson 3763 (US, BISH, POM); Amo I., Hathaway 790 

(US, BISH, POM). 

Zxora casei var. lanceolata Kanehira 

lxora casei var. lanceolaia Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 23:11, 1989. 

lxora pulcherrima var. lanceolaia Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 361, 1933. 

Ixora volkensii var. lanceolaia (Kanehira) Kanehira, Enum. Micr., PI. 421, 

1935. 

lxora carolinensis var. lanceolata (Kanehira) Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

15:223, 1940. 

lxora confertjflora var. parvifolia Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist SOC. Formosa, 

24204, 1934. 

lxora carolinensis var. parvifolia (Hosokawa) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat Hist. 

Soc. Formosa, 25:268, 1935.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 420, 1935,- 

Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus.. 15:222, 1940. 

lxora carolinensis var. parviflora Hosokawa ex Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 

420, 1935 [sphalm.]. 

lxora carolinensis var. ponapensis Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:223, 

1940. 
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Plants with small lanceolate leaves and small flowers, 

corolla lobes 3-6.5 mm long. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Kamiyangaru, 

Nekken, Hosokawa 9728 (A); Arekalong, Takamatsu 1657 

(US, UC); Armatin, Hosokawu 6972 (A, isotype of I. 

confert@ora var. parvifolia). Koror: Ngerkesoaol, Blackburn 

182 (US, BISH). 

Yap: Balebat, 10 m, Cushing, Ryart & children 375 (US); 

near Malai village, sea level, Cushing 506 (US); Colonia, 

Fosberg 60129 (US, BISH). 

Ponape: Mt. Nanaraut, 330 m, Hosokawa 9615 (A); Palang, 

west coast, Fosberg & Falanruw 58360 (US, BISH, POM); 

Wara, Takamatsu 1030 (UC); 1031 (UC). 

Kusaie: Lela (Lele) I., Lele Harbor, 15 m, Wong 68 (US, 

BISH). 

Zxora casei var. medialoba Fosberg & Sachet 

lxora casei var. medialoba Fosberg & Sachet, Baileya, 23:85, 1989. 

Leaves broad elliptic or oblong, corolla with lobes less than 

8 mm long. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Barrigada-Mangilao, Stone 

4049 (US, BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PahU: Baldeldaob: Richardson 10 

(US); Garudokku, Takamatsu 1350 (US, K, BISH); SW of Mt. 

Yekigaroto, 130 m, Fosberg 47686 (US); road to water plant, 

Ngesaol, Salsedo 83. Koror: (US); Blackburn 205 (US); 

Otobed 54 (US, BISH); Ngesaol, 0 m, Hardy 15 (US). 

Ngerakabesan, W side near old Japanese seaplane base, 1-20 

m, Fosberg 25621 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). Malakal: Above 

MMDC, Rhinehart LR 16931 (US). Aulupse’el: Du’ebachel 

beach, E end of island, 2 m, Fosberg 47450 (US, BISH), 47468 

(US, BISH, POM). 

Yap: Mt. Matade, 160 m, Fosberg 25539 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L); ridge above Nimar NNW of Colonia, 130 m, Fosberg 

46518 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); near Malai village, 5 m, 

Cushing 507 (US). 

Ulithi: Mogmog Islet, 1-2 m, Fosberg & Evans 46370 

(US?). 

Woleai: Sholiap islet, 1 m, Fosberg 47043 (US). 

Nomwin: Fananu Island, 3-5 m, Evans 1118 (US). 

Truk: Tol: Amatyan, Hosokawa 8309 (US). 

Zxora casei not determined to variety 

Micronesia.-s. coll. s. n. (BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Wallin & Resson in 1825 (P). 

Babeldaob: Arekalong, Takamarsu 1657 (K, BISH); Ngatpang, 

Takamatsu 1302 (BISH); Arumogui, Hosokawa 6952 (BISH); 

Arumonogui, near Arumatan, Hosokawa 6750 (BISH). Koror: 

Ngerebe’ed, 5-10 m, Fosberg 32069 (US, BISH, POM); 

Ngerkesoaol, Blackburn 182 (US); road to K-B Bridge, 

Shearard & Spence 83. Malakal: Volcanic slopes, Stone 4574 

(GUAM). Aulupse’el [as Aurapushekaru]: 321 ft [95 m], Stone 

4544 (GUAM); landlocked bay at SE comer of island, 0-5 m, 

Fosberg 32356 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Yap: Kanif, Takamatsu 1946 (BISH, 2 sheets); 25 ft [7 m], 

Wong 429 (US, BISH, K); Urum-Tarago, Hosokawa 8740 (K, 

2 sheets); near Gaanpan village, Dalipepinau Mun., Fosberg 

60101 (US). 

Ulithi: Mogmog, Lessa 1 (BISH). 

Woleai: Falalis islet, Alkire 29 (US). 

Puluwat: Puluwat I., Niering, 1961:76 (seen in 1954). 

Namonuito: Ono Island, 0-3 m, Evans 1003 (US, BISH, 

Murilo: Ruo Island, 3-5 m, Evans 1192 (US, BISH, POM). 

Truk: Ile Shix, Hombron in 1841 (P); Harushima, Takamatsu 

235 (BISH, 2 sheets, K); bottom of trail to Mt. Winifouere, 

Spence 442 (BISH). Archipel d’Hogoleu ou de Roug (Truk), Le 

Guillou 8 (P). 

POM). 

Etal: Anderson, seen but not collected. 

Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2186 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L). 

Ponape: Riesenberg 21, 22 (BISH); Wone, Takamatsu 1031 

(BISH, 2 sheets, K); Toleailuka, Takamatsu 809 (BISH); 

Anapeng-pa, Takamatsu 746 (US, BISH); Nanalaut, 330 m 

Hosokawa 9615 (BISH); Nanuwe, Takamum 1008 (BISH); 

Kolonia, Kanehira 636 (BISH, NY); Net village, Soloman & 

George 23 (US); Tean-Parkil Sinrin-titai, Hosokawa 5847 (K); 

“Nach d Schiepstand zu,” Hallier s. n. 5. X. 03 (HBG), Bechte 

in 1881 (NSW); Palang, W coast, Fosberg with Falanruw 

58360 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); road to Nan Pohn Mahl, ‘/2 

mi [0.8 km], past radio tower, Spence 446 (BISH). 

Pingelap: St. John 21463 (BISH). 

Likiep: Likiep I., Fosberg 27032 (US, BISH). 

Majuro: NE side, Bryan in 1944 (BISH). 

Jaluit: Volkens, 1903:91; Schnee in 1902 (NSW); Imrodg, 

Ebon: Ebon I., St. John & Cowan 22105 (BISH). 

St. John 21666 (BISH). 

Zxora chinensis Lamarck 

Ixora chinensis Lamarck, Encycl., 3:344, 1789.-Stone, Micronesica, 6350, 

1971 [pro partel.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:270, 1979.-Fosberg and Sachet, Baileya, 

23:77. 1989. 

This species is probably not in cultivation in Micronesia, but 

if a plant with orange, salmon, yellow or white flowers with 

corolla lobes round at apex and not more than 6-7 mm long 

should be found there, it might probably be this species. Plants 

that have been referred here are lxora coccinea color forms 

with unusually wide, obtuse corolla lobes. 
NUMBER 81 87 

Zxora coccinea L. 

lxora coccinea L., Sp. Pl., 110, 1753.4hamiss0, Remarks and Opinions, 

3:154, 1821.-Schumann, Bot. Jahrb., 9:221, 1888.-Schumann and 

Lauterbach, Fl. Suds., 570, 1901.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:94, 

1952.--Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:97, 1957.--0tobed, Guide List Plants 

Palau Islands, 1967.--Stone, Micronesica, 6550, 1971 .-Souder, In Guam 

Gardens, 54, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:270, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 198O.-Fosberg and Sachet, 

Baileya, 23:79-82,1989; Taxon, 336486-489, 1989. 

lxora fraseri Hort. ex Gentil, P1. Cult. Jord. Bot. Brux., 103, 1907.-Fosberg 

and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:36, 1962. 

Stiff shrub 2 m tall, branching at about 45 degree angle from 

stem, stems cylindric, decussate; leaves broadly ellipticoblong, firm, practically sessile, cordate, slightly acuminate at 

apex, stipular collar very low, lobes low-triangular with a 

strong awn-like mucro; cyme condensed, subtended by usually 

two pairs of cordate leaf-like bracts, upper pair much smaller 

than lower, if two pairs these separated by an internode 1 cm or 

less long, if one pair, then cyme usually on a very short 

peduncle, decussately branched twice, each branchlet ending in 

a triad of sessile or very shortly pedicellate flowers, the triads 

and the flowers subtended each by a pair of stipular triangular 

acuminate bracteoles; flowers 4-merous, calyx lobes dark red, 

blunt triangular, each with a transverse row of tiny stiffish hairs 

or glands inside at base, corolla scarlet, tube slender, about 3-4 

cm long, falcate, lobes in bud sinistrorsely overlapping, 

scarcely contorted, at anthesis patent to slightly reflexed, ovate, 

acute; center buds of triads opening first; anthers lanceolate, 

mucronate, on contorted filaments in sinuses, early caducous, 

leaving the curved filaments; style filiform dilated at summit 

and fusiform the upper */3 separating tardily into 2 flattened 

stigmatic lobes, the whole enlarged part exserted from corolla 

throat, dark red, lobes becoming recurved. 

Native of India and Ceylon, pantropical in cultivation, 

several varieties distinguished, three of them cultivated in 

Micronesia as ornamentals. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties and Forms 

of Zxora coccinea 

1. 

1. 

Corolla lobes acute ........ I. coccinea f. coccinea 

Corolla lobes obtuse ................... 2 

2. Leaves acuminate at apex ................ ............. Z. coccinea var. intermedia 

2. Leaves obtuse at apex ................. 3 

Corollas scarlet ..... Z. coccinea var. bandhuca 

Corolla yellow or yellowish ............. ......... Z. coccinea var. coccinea f. lutea 

3. 

3. 

Zxora coccinea L. var. coccinea f. coccinea 

The species as described above. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

kerdeu ra (Palau: Fosberg et a]., 1980) 

Ngebard (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-GU~~: Nelson 122 (BISH); Fonte 

Hill, N of upper Fonte River, 150 m, Fosberg 35584 (US, 

BISH, POM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Colonia, cult., Fosberg 60129 

(US). 

Ponape: Kolonia, top of cliff opposite Sokehs (Sokaj), 

planted, Fosberg 58451 (US, BISH). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bairiki, Catala 106 (P). 

Zxora coccinea var. coccinea f. lutea (Hutchinson) 

Fosberg & Sachet 

Ixora coccinea f. lutea (Hutchinson) Fosberg & Sachet, Baileya, 23:79, 1989. 

lxora lutea Hutchinson in Curtis, Bot. Mag., 138, t. 8439, 1912. 

Leaves obovoid or oblong, apex obtuse, mucronate, base 

subcordate, sessile, corolla lobes rhombic, said to be 1.3-1.7 

cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, ochroleucous. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POnape: Agriculture station, cult., 

Stone 1752 (GUAM). 

Zxora coccinea var. bandhuca (Roxburgh) Corner 

lxora coccinea var. bandhuca (Roxburgh) Comer, Gardn. Bull. Str. Sett., 

lxora bandhuca Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., 1:386, 1820. 

11:185, 1941. 

Leaves stiff oblong, cordate at base, obtuse at apex; 

inflorescence subtended by 2 cordate bracts, many flowered; 

corolla tube 3.5 cm long, lobes broad, 9 x 7 mm, obtusely 

rhombic; anthers linear, 2.4 mm, reflexed-exserted style 

exserted, branches soon recurved, broadened, stigmatic within. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Cheatham 64 (US). 

Ponape: Kolonia, Fosberg 58353 (US, BISH, POM, K). 

Zxora coccinea var. intermedia Fosberg & Sachet 

lxora coccinea vill. intermedia Fosberg & Sachet, Bailey& 23:80, 1989. 

Leaves definetely, but shortly, acuminate. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-ROU: Songsong village, Fosberg 

with Moore 58311 (US). 

Zxora Jinliaysoniana Wallich ex G. Don 

Ixora finlaysoniana Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Syst., 3572, 1834.-Fosberg, 
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 19270, 1979. 

Lamarck, Encycl., 3:344, 17891. 

Large shrub or small tree, glabrous; leaves narrowly elliptic 

to oblong, or slightly obovate, apex obtuse or slightly bluntly 

acuminate, base narrowed to a short petiole; stipules shortly 

sheathing, lobes slightly developed, with a double carina that 

runs into a short strong mucro that sometimes appears double, 

rarely suggestive of additional double canna and subsidiary 

teeth or mucros; inflorescence a dense terminal trichotomous 

thyrsoid cyme with a short peduncle subtended by a pair of 

reduced leaves or foliaceous bracts or these immediately 

subtending the 3 branches of the cyme, main rhachis of 2 or 3 

(-4) short internodes, ramifications subtended by narrowly 

linear bracts, one on each side; calyx lobes large, to 5 x 1.5 mm, 

somewhat united at base, pale greenish white with 3-5 parallel 

green nerves, erect; corolla white, tube slender, less than 1 mm 

thick, 2.5-3.5 cm long, lobes about 5 x 3 mm, tending to be 

revolute, apices rounded; anthers linear, about 3.5 mm long, 

tapering to a point; style well exserted, stigma deeply bifid, 

lobes strongly recurved; fruit not seen. Cultivated plant 

probably a self-sterile clone. 

Native of Indo-China Peninsula, widely cultivated pantropically. Not common in Micronesia. 

Ixoru chinensis sensu Stone, pro parte, Micronesica, 6550, 1971 [non 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.auam: Yona, cult., Stone 4291 

(GUAM, US, BISH); Merizo, 1-5 m, Fosberg 25371 (US); 

Lujuno, 10-50 m, Evans 1599 (US, BISH, POM, A, MO, K). 

Ixora siamensis Wallich ex G. Don 

Ixoru siumensis Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Syst., 3575, 1834.-Bremekamp, 

Ixoru incurnatu (Blume) de Candolle, Prodr., 4:486, 1830 [non Roxburgh ex 

Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg., 111, 1421 1, 1937. 

Smith in Rees, Cycl., 19, no. 4, 18111. 

Shrub, glabrous except inflorescence, youngest branchlets 

somewhat compressed, at least when dry; leaves elliptic, to 10 

x4 cm at least, apex acutish, base rounded, veins 6-8 on a side, 

not prominent, petiole thickish, about 5 mm long; stipules 

triangular, slightly united at base, carinate, gradually or 

abruptly acuminate into a long subulate apex; inflorescence a 

terminal condensed thyrsoid cyme, peduncle short, bearing a 

pair of small ovate foliaceous bracts half-way up, these 

sometimes with much reduced cymes in their axils, cymes 

spreading puberulent, trichotomous, main axis of 2-3 short 

internodes, a tapering subulate bract on each side of main 

ramifications, this with or without 1 or 2 teeth at base; flowers 

crowded, sessile, bracteolate, pink or old-rose; hypanthium and 

calyx puberulent, calyx lobes triangular to slightly acuminate 

almost as long as hypanthium, erect; corolla tube slender, about 

2 cm long, lobes ovate, 5-6 mm long, acutish, throat glabrous; 

anthers lanceolate with sagittate bases, about 3.5 mm long; 

style exserted about 2.5 mm, stigma about 1.5 mm long, the 

narrowly lanceolate lobes tardily spreading; fruit not seen. 

A cultivated pink-flowered shrub, native of south Asia seen 

only in and around Agaiia, Guam. At first thought to be I. 

chinensis or I. finlaysoniana but differing in many small 

details, especially from I. chinensis in the acute corolla lobes, 

and from I. finlaysoniana in the much smaller calyx. 

We have no authentic material, or even any specimens 

purporting to be I. siamensis or I. incarnata (Blume) de 

Candolle, but from available descriptions and the fact that 

Bremekamp (1937:211) considered it a commonly cultivated 

species, we feel that this is probably the correct disposition. The 

name I. siamensis is not widely known horticulturally, but is 

the correct name, because I. incarnata is unavailable. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.--GUam: Agana, cult., Stone 4382 

(GUAM, US); Agana Vista, 50 m, Fosberg 31943 (US, BISH, 

NY, POM). 

Ixora hiantha Volkens 

Ixoru triunthu Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:476, 1901.-Kanehira, Enum. PI., 420, 

1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:220, 1940.-Stone, Micronesica, 

630-551, 1971.4ouder. In Guam Gardens, 54, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15270, 1979. 

Slender erect shrub to 3.5 m tall, internodes dull grayish 

brown, terete, glabrous; leaves broadly elliptic to broadly 

ovate, up to 10 x 5 or 11 x 4 cm, glabrous, slightly acuminate, 

rounded at base, tending to have a pale patch at base, petiole 

4-6 mm long, some upper leaves transitional to the pair of 

cordate leaf-like bracts subtending the terminal inflorescence; 

stipules ovate, sharply beaked, beak laterally compressed, 

bases somewhat connate and sheathing; inflorescence reduced 

to 3 sessile flowers enclosed between a pair of cordate bracts, 

these pale or whitish at base, 2 stipular scale-like bractlets 

alternating with and inside the bracts; hypanthium and whitish 

cup-like calyx about 2 mm long, glabrous, 5-toothed; corolla 

white, salverform, tube about 8 mm long, lobes oblong, 

revolute, 7-9 mm long, slightly mucronate; anthers exserted 

from sinuses on short curved filaments, hanging pointdownward, sagittate-lanceolate, dark brown; stigma of two 

ovate fleshy papillate somewhat flattened divergent lobes, 

exserted from the corolla throat, top of filiform style just 

exserted; fruit globose with a depression in the top, glossy 

black, white fleshy-spongy within, pyrenes bony, hemispherical, 3.5-4 mm across, slightly unequal, the scar very short 

sculpturing none. 

Description from Fosberg 59638, Potts Junction, Guam. 

Other specimens increase leaf dimensions to 15 x 7 cm. 

This is an outlying represenative of the South Pacific Zxora 

sec. Phylleilema, which is characterized by extremely reduced 

inflorescence enclosed between two large bracts. This species 
NUMBER 81 89 

is known only from the Marianas and Yap. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

gaaguahot (Guam: Fosberg 35527) 

guaguat (Guam: Evans 1809) 

gauguaut, gauauaot (Guam: Costenoble 11 84) 

gethemuc (Yap: Wong 511) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDL-Agrigan: Hosokawa 801 0 (BISH). 

Saipan: Lange 24 (BISH), sterile det.? 

Rota: S of Shinapari (airstrip), 180 m, Fosberg 31826 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L), 31827 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); s. l., 

Marche 276 (P, POM). 

Guam: SW of hospital, Anderson 179 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); Ritidian Pt., near light, Anderson 213 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Oca Pt., opposite Alupat I., Anderson 185 (US); S ridge 

of Mt. Alifan, 280 m, Fosberg 35493 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L); plateau NE of Mt. Santa Rosa, W of Anao, 160 m, Fosberg 

35527 (US, BISH, POM); N end of Agana Bay, Rodin 706 (US, 

UC); N of North West Field, 500 ft [ 150 m], Steere 79 (US); E 

edge of Barrigada, 400-600 ft [120-180 m], Moore 9 (US, 

UC); Hilaan, Costenoble 1184 (US); GES 99 (US, BISH, K), 33 

(US, BISH, K), Tumon Bay, 50 ft [15 m], Hosaka 3052 (US, 

BISH, POM); cliff above Uruno Pt., Moran 4504 (BISH, UC, 

POM, US); McGregor 387 (US, BISH), 549 (US, K, BISH); 

summit of Mt. Alifan, 270 m, Bryan 1204 (BISH, K, NY, UC); 

Fosberg 43437 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L): Dededo Well Field, 

110 m, Evans 1688 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, UC); terrace 

below Memorial Hospital, 20 m, Sachet 1816 (US), 1817A 

(US); Haputo Pt., Sachet & Moore 1838 (US, BISH, POM), 

P.H. Moore 420 (US) (sterile, det.?); Asdonlucas, near Yigo, 

Stone 4738 (GUAM); just W of Barrigada Hill, 100 m, Stone 

3851 (US, GUAM), 3776 (GUAM): back road to Andersen 

AFB, Mangilao, Rinehart LR 17424 (US). Taguac, 110 m, 

Evans 1808 (US, BISH, MO, POM); Machanao, 160 m, Evans 

1768 (US, BISH, NY, A, MO, POM), 1768 (US, BISH); S of 

Ritidian Pt., Moran 4687 (UC, POM); 1 km N of Yigo, 155 m. 

Fosberg 39264 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Mt. Alifan, Swezey in 

1936 (BISH); Ritidian Pt., 250 ft [45 m], Cushing-Falanruw 

929 (US): Yigo, Dutton 129 (US, A); SW of Bamgada Hill, '/5 

mi [0.3 km], from Bamgada, Stone 4011 (GUAM): N.C.S. 

Beach, Moore 501 (GUAM); Potts Junction, NW part of island, 

Fosberg 59638 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Mt. Alifan, Fosberg 

& Scully 59724 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Thompson 33, 99 

(NY). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: 20 ft [6 m], Wong 511 (US, 

BISH); Volkens 544 (US, isotype): Kanehira 1167 (US, NY); 

Kanif, Takamatsu 1959 (BISH); Mabo, Hosokawa 8830 

(BISH); Tagale, Hosokawa 8980 (US); Garror I. central 

plateau, 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka 3306 (US, BISH, POM, NY); N 

of Nimar NNW of Colonia, 150 m, Fosberg 46531 (US, BISH, 

POM, A, MO); Atelieu, Tuyama 7214 (GUAM); Mt. Tabiol, 

Tuyama in 1939 (TI); Mt. Tabiwol, Fanif Mun., Falanruw 3390 

(US); near Gaanpan village, Dalipepinau Mun., Fosberg 60102 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); near Makiy, N end of Gagil Mun., 

Fosberg 60138 (US, BISH); s. l., Kanehira 1200 (NY); E end 

of proposed new airport site, SW Colonia, Stemmermann 3541 

(BISH). 

Mitracarpus Zuccarini 

Mitracarpus Zuccarini in Schultes, Mantissa, 3:210, in obs. 1827. 

Mitracarpurn auct. [sphalm.]. 

Mostly slender herbs with squarish or 4-ribbed stems: leaves 

simple, linear to ovate, sessile or short-petioled, somewhat 

sheathing interpetiolar stipules with several to many stiff awns 

or setae pectinate on margins; dense heads or verticels of small 

flowers, calyx with unequal white-margined lobes: corolla 

salverform, 4-lobed; fruit a thin-walled circumscessile capsule: 

seeds 2, with a cross-shaped ventral groove. 

A principally tropical American genus of quite a few 

ill-distinguished species, one of which is weedy and has 

become pantropical; common on Guam, recently found in 

Palau. 

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) de Candolle 

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) de Candolle, Prod., 4:572, 1830 [as M. hirrum1.- 

Schumann and Lauterbach, R. D. Schutzgeb. Suds., 589, 1901 .-Safford, 

Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:325, 1905.-Memll, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 

9: 145, 1914.-Stone, Micronesica, 6551, 1971.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:271, 1979. 

Spermacoce hirta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1:148, 1762. 

Mitracarpus torresianus Chamisso and Schlechtendal, Linnaea. 3:360, T.3. f.2, 

Borreria hispida sensu Walker and Rodin, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 30465, 1949 

1828.-Endlicher, AM. Wien. Mus. Naturgesch., 1:176, 1835. 

[non Schumann in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf., 4:144, 18911. 

Erect herb, to 40 cm tall, stems nearly square, hirsute; leaves 

lanceolate to ovate to somewhat obovate, obtuse to acute at 

apex, sessile to slightly petiolate, rounded at base, scabrous to 

hirtellous, especially on nerves beneath, nerves 2 or 3 pairs, 

strongly ascending; stipules very low-sheathing, hirsute, 

margins pectinate with hirtellous awn-like processes; flowers 

in crowded head-like verticels in axils of pairs of leaves and 

terminal, hirsute, calyx lobes unequal, 4, 1 pair much longer 

than the alternate one, ovate-acuminate, hirsute, other pair 

much smaller, varied in size, ending in a hair-like tip; corolla 

salverform, white, scarcely equalling or exceeded by the calyx, 

lobes 4, ovate, blunt; anthers elliptic or oval, slightly exserted; 

capsule obovoid, circumscissile, cap crowned by erect persistent calyx lobes: seeds broadly oblong, rather flattish, dull 

yellowish, with a "hammered" appearing surface, an x-shaped 

ventral groove. 

A very common weed, especially on volcanic soil, probably 

annual, of tropical American origin, long present in Guam, 

found in 1818 by Chamisso, who thought it native, and 

described it as M. torresianus. It is easily mistaken for a 
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Spermacoce, from which it differs in the circumscissile 

dehiscence and in the very different seed. Known from Guam 

and Palau, Babeldaob, in Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.aaudichaud s. n. (P). 

Guam: Astrolabe 54 in 1828 (P); Astrolabe s. n. Herb. 

Richard (P); Mertens s. n. (P, 2 sheets); W slope of Mt. Santa 

Rosa, Nelson 27 (NY); Yigo, Nelson 37 (NY, US); McGregor 

485 (K, BISH); 4 km E of Agat, Necker 123 (BISH); summit of 

Mt. Santa Rosa, 270 m, Bryan in 1936 (BISH); hills N of 

Merizo, Bryan 1234 (BISH); near Mt. Tenjo, Swezey in 1936 

(BISH, US); Mt. Tenjo, Rodin 527 (US, UC); Agana Bay area, 

300 ft [90 m], Moore 127 (US); 1 mi [ 1.6 km] W of Santa Rosa, 

Baker in 1945 (US); Mt. Tenjo and Mt. Reconnaisance area, 

loo0 ft [300 m], Moore 87 (US); Tenjo, Johnson, Markley, & 

Necker 78 (US); Marche 76 (P, POM); Hombron in 1841 (P, 

POM); S to SE of Umatac, Fosberg 35438 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Mt. Lamlam, Anderson 141 (US, BISH); Mt. Alutom, E 

of Sumay, Fosberg 25278 (US); Mt. Alutom, 700 ft [213 m], 

Hosaka 3086 (US, BISH, POM); plateau between Ylig and 

Talofofo Rivers, Fosberg 25335 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Agana, 5 m, Fosberg 31249 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Mangilao, agriculture station, 60 m, Evans 1773 (US; BISH, 

POM, NY, L); above Yona, 100-150 m, Evans 709 (US, BISH, 

FO, NY, L); Mangilao, around buildings, Fosberg 59601 (US, 

BISH); Dan Dan Radio Tracking Station, 3 mi [4.8 km] SW of 

Inarajan, Fosberg & Raulerson 59764 (US, BISH, POM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: Nekken Forest 

station, Aimeliik, Timberlake 3047 (US); Ibobang, 10 m, 

Raulerson 5878 (US), 5693 (US). 

Morinda L. 

Morinda L., Sp. PI., 176, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 81, 1754 [= 17531. 

Cuelospermurn Blume, Bijdragen, 994, 1827. 

Trees, shrubs and lianes with rhaphid bundles; leaves entire, 

pinnately veined; stipules entire, tardily caducous; flowers 

capitate, heads pedunculate, terminal, axillary or leaf-opposed; 

hypanthia connate, flowers 4-7 merus, calyx united at base and 

to various lengths, one lobe enlarged and showy in some 

species, not constantly so; corolla hypocraterform, lobes 

valvate; style 1, bifid; ovaries and fruits connate, ovary cells 

with one ovule sub-basally attached to septum; fruit a fleshy 

compound drupe or syncarp, drupaceous, rarely separate 

drupes, cells 1-seeded. 

A pantropical genus of about 80 species, well represented in 

Micronesia and sparingly in Polynesia. One species, M. 

citrifolia, is pantropical, of ethnobotanic interest, and probably 

owes its wide distribution to human agency. 

Key to Micronesian Taxa of Morinda 

1. Vine-like plants, heads born in umbels or racemes ... 2 

Slender semi-twining vines, heads in terminal umbels, 

rarely solitary, flowers 5-6 mm long, corolla tube 

about 2 mm ..... M. umbellata var. glclndulosa 

Stout vines, not at all twining, heads in racemes on 

smaller branches, peduncles opposite or somewhat 

congested into loose pseudo-whorls on rhachis, 

flowers about 1 cm long, corolla tube about 6 (4-6) 

mm long ............. M. salomoniensis 

1. Shrubs or small trees, heads on peduncles at upper nodes 

............................. 3 

3. Stipules foliaceous, rounded, peduncles born leafopposed at terminal node, branch continues to 

grow leaving peduncle lateral on stem, syncarp of 

2. 

2. 

many hits, becoming 5-10 cm long ..... .4 

A few calyx-lobes enlarged and bract-like. .... ........... M. citnfolia var. bracteata: 

Calyx lobes not enlarged. ............. ........... M. citnfolia var. citrifolia 

4. 

4. 

3. Stipules ovate to triangular not foliaceous, heads on 

peduncles in upper leaf axils syncarps less than 5 

crn long. .................... 5 

.................. M. latibractea 

5. 

5. 

Some calyx lobes enlarged showy ......... 

Calyx lobes not at all enlarged. .......... .................. M. pedunculata 

Morinda citnfolia L. 

Morindn citrifolia L., Sp. PI., 1:176, 1753.-Chamisso in Kotzebue, Rem. Op., 

3:145-156, 1821.--Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 76, 77, 1826.- 

Chamisso and Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 4: 149, 1829.-Endlicher, Ann. Wien. 

Mus. Naturgesch., 1 : 176, 1835.-Engler, Notizbl., 1 :226, 1897.-Hercouef 

Bull. SOC. Geogr. Est., 19:267, 1897.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:477, 

1901.Schumann and Lauterbach, Fl. D. Suds., 589, 1901.-Yabe, Bot. 

Mag. Tokyo, 16:258, 1902.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:326, 

1905.-Prowazek, Die Deutschen Marianen, ihre Natur und Geschichte, 125 

pages, 1913.-MemIl, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9:145, 1914.--Koidzumi, 

Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 29:155, 1915.4e la Cork, Guam Recorder, 160, 1926; 

Guam Recorder, 11, 2(4), 15, 1972.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:322, 

1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 365, 1933; Emum, Micr. PI., 421, 1935; Sanrin, 

661:77, 1937.-Kraemer in Thilenius, Engeb. Exp. Suuuds, IIB, 11:l-304, 

1937 Tuyama, Journ. Jap. Bot., 14:425, 1938.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. 

Mus., 15:219-220, 1940.--0kabe, Bull. Trop. Indust. Inst., 5:14, 1940; 

Nankyo, 2:l-49, 1943; St. John, Pac. Sci., 2:112, 1948; Pac. Sci., 5286, 

1951 .-Taylor, Plants of Bikini, 200-201, 1950.-Anderson, Atoll Res. 

Bull., 7:IV, 1951.4lassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 2G9:94-95, 1952;Pac. Sci., 

7:308, 1953.-Luomala, Bish. Mus. Bull., 213:20, 26, 38, 43, 47, 49, 

103-104, 1953.St. John and Mason, Pac. Sci., 7:167, 1953.-Niering, 

Atoll Res. Bull., 49:229, 1956.-Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:99, 1957.- 

Moul, Atoll Res. Bull., 57:22, 1957.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:104, 1959; 

Micronesica 631-552, 1971.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 

92:36, 1962.-Kisfe, Kili Island, 39, 51, 1968.-Randall, Tsudaet al., Univ. 

Guam Marine Lab. Tech. Rep., 12:(25, 27) 57, 1974.-Kani et al., Univ. 

Guam Marine Lab. Tech. Rep., 16:12, 1974.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 58, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:271, 1979.-Moore 
NUMBER 81 91 

and McMakin, Plants of Guam, 41, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 41, 1980. 

Morinda indica L. ex Merrill, Phil. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9:149, 1914 [nomen 

nudum, probably an inadvertance, as the reference given is that for Morinda 

cifrifolio L.]. 

Glabrous tree to 5-7 m tall, with dense crown; dull reddish 

brown squarish twigs, “terminalioid” or “double terminalioid” 

branching from 2nd to 4th node back from tip, first internode of 

twig 10 or more cm long, second 1-2 cm, peduncle 

leaf-opposed at terminal node, but branch then continues; 

leaves elliptic to ovate or oval, up to 25 cm long, 20 cm wide, 

usually narrower, apex obtuse, sharply mucronate, base cuneate 

to a thick petiole 1-2 cm long, 6 to 8 main veins on a side, 

alternate to opposite, anastomosing near margin, nerves 

connected by ladder-like, but not quite straight cross-veins, 

finer network obsure; stipules prominent, leaf-like in texture, 

obtuse to rounded, somewhat narrowed to base, barely 

sheathing or not, caducous below 3 to 6 nodes; peduncle 

strongly recurved, about 1-1.5 cm long, borne on 1 to 3 

terminal nodes of small lateral branches, many ovaries fused 

into a syncarp, flowering from base toward apex, buds of all 

sizes present apically; calyx reduced to an almost imperceptible 

collar; corolla in bud clavate, valvate, rounded apically, white, 

tube 12- 13 mm long, pilose within, scarcely dilated apically, 

lobes 5, ovate-oblong, about 7 mm x 3 mm, acutish to obtusish 

with a slight incurved appendage, lobes recurved; anthers 5, 

attached just below sinuses dorsally at about middle, on short 

filaments; style bifid into 2 thickened recurved stigmas that are 

exserted about 2 mm; fruit an irregularly formed white fleshy 

syncarp up to 10 x 5 cm usually narrower, varying to globose 

when small (most Gardner specimens seen no more than 4.5 x 

6 cm), with prominent spirally arranged disks 5-6 mm across, 

each in a polygon faintly marked on surface, beneath each of 

these 4-5 tangentially arranged, cuneate, compressed pyrenes. 

USES.-Wood used as building material, root for tan dye; 

fruit and root used medicinally as an ingredient in backache 

remedy (Rota: Fosberg 24952). Bark of root used in dyeing 

Guam: Guadichaud, 1826). Root used for dyeing magenta 

(Guam: Safford & Seale 1082). Wood used for construction of 

huts (Guam: Safford & Seale 1006). Leaves applied to forehead 

to cure headache (Guam: Fosberg 25402). Fruit eaten in times 

of famine (Hall I., Nomwin: Fosberg 24578). Root used for 

blue dye, leaves used medicinally (Jaluit: Fosberg 26687). 

Leaves and fruit used medicinally (Likiep: Fosberg 27056). 

Fruit eaten when ripe and soft (Truk, Udot: Fosberg 24497). 

Fruit eaten when other food short; dye obtained from root 

(Nauru: Burges ms., ca. 1935). Root used in making red dye; 

terminal leaves in treatment of sprains; fruit eaten but not 

well-liked (Yap: Wong 324). The fruit is reported edible but is 

hardly attractive (Northern Marshall I.: Taylor, 1950). A tree, 

the wood of which is used for the framework of a house. The 

leaf, root, and fruit are strongly medicinal. The seeds are 

pulverized and the pulp applied to any tooth that is causing 

pain. The root is scraped, then the scrapings, together with 

young coconut husk, are boiled to make a light brown dye for 

handicraft fibers, such as Triumfetta, Hibiscus, and young 

coconut leaf, but not for Pandanus (Bikini: St. John and 

Mason, 1953). The leaves of this species are used in 

conjunction with other plants as a cure for rheumatism; the 

stipules are employed in the treatment of wounds caused by 

scorpion fish; the terminal buds, on abscesses; the inner bark 

and root, as a hemostatic in menstruation; the young flowers, to 

relieve pain after childbirth; and young fruit, to alleviate pain in 

heart attacks. (Ponape: Glassman, 1952). Fruit eaten as a male 

contraceptive (Mortlock I., local informant in Guam). 

Two varieties are distinguished, one widespread, one 

sporadic, commoner further west. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

lada (Marianas: Prowazek, 1913. Saipan: Kanehira, 1935. Rota: 

Kanehira, 1935; Moore and McMakin, 1979. Guam: Steere 

162; Safford & Seale 1082, 1006; Merrill, 1914; Fosberg 

46257,25402; Evans 729,1615) 

lata (Rota: Fosberg 24952) 

gada (Guam: Marche 253) 

ladda (Guam: Bryan 1129; de la Corte, 1926; Stone 4254; 

Safford and Seale 1082; Anderson 933; Moore and 

McMakin, 1979) 

ladda, lada (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

lahda (Guam: Whiting 302, R2) 

lodda (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

ageru (Palau: Okabe, 1943) 

ngel (Palau: Okabe, 1941; Fosberg et al., 1980. Koror: Hardy 

11 ; Blackburn E47; Salsedo 79a; Emmons 22. Peleliu: 

Fosberg 47644) 

noar (Tobi: Black 6) 

maalueg (Yap: Alvis 88) 

magariwek (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

maluegg (Yap: Volkens 70; Prowazek, 1913) 

maluezg (Yap: Hosokawa 8996) 

mangalueg, manaliue, maaluwag (Yap: Cushing & Fanoway 

mangaluwak (Yap: Wong 324) 

naalueg (Yap: Alvis 88) 

101 (Ulithi: Lessa 10) 

101 (Fais: Evans 358) 

loll (Fais: Kraemer, 1937) 

lel (Eauripik: Fosberg & Evans 47090. Woleai: Alkire 3; Evans 

nen (Woleai: Kraemer, 1937) 

dadi (Faraulap: Wong 37) 

lel (Faraulap: Fosberg & Evans 47310. Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 

11, Burrows s. n.; Fosberg 471 72) 

ler (Lamotrek: Fosberg & Evans 46783) 

leen, lan (Satawal: Fosberg 46855) 

nen (Namonuito: Stone, 1959) 

nen (Nomwin: Fosberg 24578; Evans 1062,1135) 

alin (Truk: Kanehira, 1935) 

398) 

443) 
92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

arin (Truk, Tol: Pelzer 79) 

lopur (Truk, Moen: Evans 793) 

napur (Truk, Udot: Fosberg 24497) 

nobur (Truk, Pis: Fosberg 24663) 

nobul (Truk, Dublon: Hosokawa 1957) 

noppur (Truk: Wong 191,91) 

nupur (Truk, Moen: Pelzer 79) 

nen, nen mefo (Satawan: Anderson 1125) 

nen mefo (Satawan, Ta I.: Anderson 1019) 

nen, len (Satawan, Afaran I.: Anderson 933) 

bugalia (Nukuoro: Carroll 3,33,59) 

pukaria (Nukuoro: Fosberg 261 73) 

ti nonu (Kapingamarangi: Fosberg 26080; Hosuka 3440,3 

nonu (Kapingamarangi: Niering 509,626, 635, 686, 636) 

nen (Ant: Glassman, 1953) 

kirikei (Ponape: Christian, 1899) 

pugen malk (Ponape: Falanruw 3222) 

weipul (Ponape: Riesenberg 30) 

weipwul (Ponape: Fosberg 26244) 

wumpul (Ponape: Riesenberg in Glassman, 1952) 

wehmpul (Mokil: Glassman, 1953) 

obul (Pingelap: St. John, 1948) 

e (Kusaie: Kanehira, 1935) 

hi (Kusaie: Fosberg 26528) 

kamim (ninu) (Marshall: Prowazek, 1913) 

nin (Eniwetok: Fosberg 24350) 

nen (Utirik: Fosberg 33684) 

nin (Ujelang: Fosberg 341 77) 

nin (Ujae: Fosberg 34315) 

nin (Lae: Fosberg 34008) 

nen, nin, noni (Kwajalein: Cameron 1) 

nin (Likiep: Fosberg 27056) 

nin (Aur: St. John 21394) 

nin (Ailinglapalap: Fosberg 26792) 

nen (Amo: Stone 1125; Anderson 3670; Hatheway, 1952) 

nen (Kili, Bikini: St. John and Mason, 1953; Kiste, 1968) 

nin, nen (Jaluit: Okabe, 1941) 

nen (Jaluit: Schnee in 1901) 

nin (Jaluit: Fosberg 26687) 

donenn (Nauru: Burges, ms.) 

te nono (Nauru: Prowazek, 1913) 

danini (Gilbert: Prowazek, 19 13) 

te non (Tarawa: Catala 6) 

non (Nonouti: Koch 8) 

te non (Tabiteuea: Lomala 33; Catala 6) 

te non (Onotoa: Moul 8227; Cloud 8104) 

Morinda citrifolia L. var. citrifolia 

The common form of the species as treated above. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Maug: N end of island, below 4( 

445) 

33 ft 

[122 m], Falanruw 221 7 (US). 

Asuncion: Lower SW slope, -150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2263 

(US). 

Agrigan: Trail around S side of island, 10-20 m, Fosberg 

31591 (US); SW coast, below 300 ft [90 m], Falanruw 2194 

(US). 

Pagan: In open field near center of isthmus, Anderson 575 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); scattered in SUMY situations, 150 ft 

[45 m], Bonham 13 (US, POM); E coast, Moore 420 (US); 

village, Moore 41 7 (US); ranch between airport and escarpment, 10 m, Raulerson 999 (US). 

Alamagan: Around Partido village, Fosberg 31661 (US); 

SSW coast, 250 ft 175 m], Falanruw 1880 (US). 

Guguan: Slope leading up from W anchorage, 15 m, 

Raulerson 981 (US). 

Sarigan: Shallow gully above village, 150-250 m, Evans 

2394 (US, BISH, POM, NY); near anchorage NW coast, 325 ft 

[98 m], Falanruw 1747 (US). 

Anatahan: Vicinity of beach, NW tip of island, 0-10 ft [3 m], 

Evans 2461 (US, BISH, POM, NY); behind village, NW comer 

of island, below 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 1604 (US); trail from 

W anchorage, 15-40 m, Raulerson 1113 (US). 

Saipan: Stephens 14 (POM); Hosokawa 6666 (BISH, US); 

Kagman, roadside, Courage 40 (US). 

Tinian: Moran 4632 (UC, POM); dry cliff, Cowan s. n. 

(BISH); Mt. Lasso, 175 m, Fosberg 24777 (US, BISH). 

Agiguan: West Pt., Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); broad ravine 

on W coast, below 50 ft [15 m], Falanruw 1815 (US). 

Rota: Kondo s.n. in 1952 (BISH); s. l., Necker R28 (US); 

Sonson, on open weedy ground of ruined town-site, 1-10 m, 

Fosberg 24952 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); SW side of island, 

0-5 m, Evans 1888 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Guam: s. I., Marche 253 (P, POM); Marche 114 (P, POM); 

Glassman 227 (POM), 50 (POM); s. l., G.E.S. 453 (US); 

Inarajan, Whiting R2 (POM); Mogfog, 400 ft [122 m], Gressirt 

& Hurlbut 2010 (US); Oca Pt., Carver in 1945 (US); W of Mt. 

Santa Rosa, Anderson 156 (US, BISH, POM); Inarajan, 

Whiting R 2 (US); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Mt. Tenjo, 160 m, 

Fosberg 35227 (US, BISH); Pago Pt., Moran 4606 (UC); 

Haputo Pt., Johnson & Necker 23 (US); Ypao Pt., Necker 112 

(US); E shore, E of Bamgada Valley, Steere 124 (US); N 

central Guam, Steere 162 (US); Agaiia, Safford & Seale 1082 

(US); Merizo, on moist coastal plain, 1-5 m, Fosberg 25402 

(US, BISH, POM); between Yigo and Mt. Santa Rosa, 200 m, 

Bryan 1129 (BISH); Guerrero 702 (BISH, P); Talofofo area, 

Pedrus 15 (GUAM, BISH); near entrance to Andersen AFB, 

Stone 4254 (GUAM); Mangilao, Shmull99 (GUAM); Tarague 

Beach, Andersen AFB, 0-25 m, Evans 729 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Lujuna, just off route 15, 0-10 m, Evans 1615 (US); 

Whiting 302 (US); between Campanaya Pt. and Guae, 5-20 m, 

Evans 268 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L, P); Mt. Lamlam, 360 m, 

Fosberg 46257 (US, BISH, POM, W, L, P, TI); Atantano 

River, Moore 855 (US); Piti Hills, Swezey in 1936 (BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Richardson 17 (US). Ba- 
NUMBER 81 93 

beldaob: s. I., Raulerson 16417 (US); Medorme village, 

Aimeliik, Timherlake & Johannes 5035 (US); Arumoguihukin-sinrin, Hosokawa 6967 (A). Koror: Ngerebe’ed, 1-2 m, 

Fosberg 32508 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Pacific War 

Memorial Grounds, 10 m, Fosherg 32044 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Ngesaol, Salsedo 79a (US, GUAM); Blackburn E47 (US, 

BISH); Renrak, Emmons 22 (US); Ngesaol, Hardy 11 (US); 

Ngelobel I., inlet on NW side of island, 1 m, Canfield 667 (US). 

Ngeanges: Yo0 Passage, 2-25 m, Fosberg 25849 (US, BISH). 

70 Islands: Island 16, Raulerson 16652 (US). Peleliu: 2-4 m, 

Fosberg 47644 (US, BISH, POM, NY). Angaur: Inside 

depression on hill on NW comer, 25 ft [8 m], Fosberg 25896 

(US, BISH); W side of Lake D, 2 m, Canfield 159 (US); 

Kluding 5 (US). Tobi: N of causeway half way across island, 

Black 6 (US); causeway through center of island, Hardy 141 

(US). Pulu Anna: Koch 1207 (US). 

Sorol Atoll: Sorol I., King 3 (US), 13 (US), 20 (US). 

Yap: Rumung, near old Chief‘s Pabey, 5 m, Cushing & 

Giliganganin 5774 (US); Wora, Rul, Wong 324 (US, BISH, 

POM); saddle just N of Mt. Matude, 75 m, Alvis 88 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); low E ridge of Mt. Matade, above Yap Town, 

20-40 m, Fosberg 25567 (US, BISH); Moloai, Hosokawa 

8996 (US); Garim Islet, E of Ngari village, Cushing 533 (US, 

GUAM); near Tafagif village, 25 m, Cushing & Fanoway 398 

(US, GUAM); Kanif, Takamatsu 1912, 1956 (BISH); Tabiwol, 

near Bulochang abandoned village, Fosberg 60060 (US). 

Ulithi: Mogmog I., on coral soil, 2-4 m, Fosberg & Wong 

25483 (US, BISH); Lessa 10 (BISH); Asor I., high lagoon 

beach ridge, Fosherg 46447 (BISH, POM); Sorlen Island, 5 m, 

Evans 393 (POM, BISH). 

Fais: Lochochoy village, rampart and top of beach, 1-3 m, 

Evans 358 (US); coconut plantation on plateau, 15 m, Fosberg 

46706 (US). 

Eauripik: Siding I., scrub around coconut grove, 1-5 m, 

Fosberg & Evans 47090 (US); Eauripik I., village, 1-2 m, 

Fosherg & Evans 47115 (US). 

Woleai: Utagal I., along beach, 1-2 rn, Wong 37 (US, 

BISH); Falalis I., near beach, Alkire 3 (US); Falalis I., in 

village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 46987 (US); Falalop I., Falalop 

village, Evans 443 (US). 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., outskirts of village, 1-2 m, Fosberg & 

Evans 47310 (US). 

Ifaluk: Burrows s.n. (BISH); back of camp, Abborr & Bares 

11 (BISH); Ifaluk I., in village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 47172 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., interior coconut-breadfruit forest, 1 

m, Fosberg & Evans 46783 (US). 

Satawal: N side of island, 2 m, Fosberg 46855 (POM). 

Puluwat: Puluwat I., Niering, 1961 (sight record). 

Murilo: Murilo I., interior of island, 3-5 m, Evans 1243 

(US). 

Namonuito: Piseras I., beach and rampart, 0-3 m, Evans 894 

(POM); Magur I., in center of island, 3-5 m, Evans 938 

(POM); Onari I., village and vicinity, 0-3 m, Evans 978 

(POM); Ono I., village and vicinity, 0-3 m, Evans 1025 (US). 

Nomwin: Nomwin I., on coral sand and rock, 1-2 m, 

Fosberg 24578 (US, BISH); Nomwin I., common among trees, 

Evans 1062 (US); Fananu I., village and vicinity, Evans 1135 

(US); Ruo I., interior of island, 3-5 m, Evans 1186 (US). 

Truk: Pelzer 79 (US, BISH); 25 ft [8 m] Wong 91 (BISH), 

191 (US, POM). Moen: Pelzer 78 (US, BISH); old site of 

Mechetin village, W side of Bou Bay, 1 m, Fosberg 24414 (US, 

BISH); Gov. Hill area, 20 m, Grimm 46 (US); Nob Hill, 

150-250 m, Evans 1408 (US); road leading from Xavier High 

School, 100-200 m, Evans 793 (US). Dublon: Natsushima, 

Takamatsu 270 (BISH). Udot: Fosberg 24497 (US, BISH). Pis: 

On flat coral sand and rock, 1-2 m, Fosberg 24663 (US, 

BISH); center of island, 3-5 m, Evans 831 (US). 

Nama: Center of island, 3-5 m, Evans 1302 (US). 

Losap: Anderson (seen but not collected). 

Namoluk: Namoluk I., 1-7 m, Marshall 96 (US), 9 (US). 

Etal: Anderson (seen but not collected). 

Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2161 (UA, BISH, POM, 

NY); Oneap I., Anderson 2105 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 1125 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 

1130 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Ta I., Anderson 1019 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L); Afaran I., Anderson 933 (US, BISH, 

POM). 

Nukuoro: Sinukutae I., 1-2 m, Fosberg 261 73 (US, BISH); 

Kaujema I., in forest, 7 ft [2.1 m] Hosaka 3458 (US, BISH); 

Sungalohu, Carroll 3 (US); Sabinimadogo, Carroll 33 (US); 

Deungaagelegele, Carroll 59 (US). 

Kapingamarangi: Hare I., on flat coral sand, coconut 

plantation, 1 m, Fosberg 26080 (US, BISH); in open sand 

under coconut trees, 7 ft [2.1 m], Hosaka 3440 (US, BISH); 

Seetan I., in open sand under coconut trees, 7 ft [2.1 m], Hosaka 

3445 (US, BISH); Taringa I., Niering 509 (US, POM, BISH); 

Herekoro I., Niering 635 (US); Werau I., Niering 686 (US, 

POM, BISH), 636 (US), 626 (US, POM, BISH, NY). 

Ant: Glassman, 1953:304 (citing “observed along beach”); 

Wolauna I., Marshall in May 1956 (seen but not collected; was 

in fruit). 

Ngatik: Kanehira, Sanrin, 661 :77, 1937. 

Ponape: Kolonia, Not Distr., beside road on denuded area of 

mixed volcanic soil and (coral) sand, 10 m, Wong 55 (US, 

BISH); Kolonia, Hosokawa 6045 (A, US); rd. to Auwak from 

Kolonia, Stemmermann 3440 (BISH); Narlap I., coral soil, 4 ft 

[1.2 m], Hosaka 3555 (US, BISH); Kolonia, Not Distr., 

cultivated land with thickets, 1-50 m, Fosberg 26244 (US, 

BISH); agricultural experiment station, Glassman 2566 (US, 

BISH); Riesenberg 30 (BISH); Sabtic-to, Hosokawa 6135; Na 

Islet (BISH); 0.5 mi [0.8 km] S of agricultural experiment 

station, along stream, Glassman 2566 (US); “Pugen Malk” tall 

volcanic plug in Palikir, Falanruw 3222 (US); Nanpil River, 

below reservoir, Fosberg with Falanruw 58407 (US); Parma, 

Takamatsu 630 (BISH). 

Mokil: Glassman, 1953:296 (“Observed as a tree along 

strand”). 
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Pingelap: St. John, 1948:112 (“observed”). 

Kusaie: Lela Island, Lela Harbor, in village, 1-5 m, Fosberg 

MARCUS ISLAND.-Yabe, 1902:258; Tuyama, 1938:425. 

MARSHALL IsLANDs.-chamisso, 1821 : 145. Radak: Endlicher, 1835:176 (citing Chamisso); Eschsholtz s. n. (LE). 

Eniwetok: Japtan I., on coral flat in brushy forest, 1-4 m, 

Fosberg 24335 (US, BISH); Aoman I., Qn broken coral, toward 

outer beach, 1-3 m, Fosberg 24350 (US, BISH); Igurin I., local 

on coral flats, 1-3 m, Fosberg 24302 (US, BISH); Engebi I., 

top of beach, 2 m, St. John 23780 (BISH); Engebi I., on coral 

flats, 1-5 m, Fosberg 24381 (US, BISH); Biijiri I., St. John 

23822 (BISH); Eniwetok I., on coral flat, 5 m, St. John 23705 

(US, BISH); Aniiyaanii I., St. John 23723 (US, BISH); Aoman 

I., Fosberg 24305 (US). 

Bikini: Chieerete I., Taylor 46-1167 (US); Namu I., along 

shore and in the coconut grove clearing, Taylor 46-1116 (US, 

BM; Bikini I., in village area, Taylor 46-1086 (US, BISH); 

Enyu I., along edges of woodland, Taylor 46-1009 (US, 

BISH); Mason 4 (BISH). 

Ailinginae: Sifo I., Fosberg 36687 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Rongelap: Eniwetok I., Taylor 46-1365 (US, BISH). 

Rongerik: Latoback I., Taylor 46-1421 (US). 

Taka: Take I., Fosberg 33734 (US), Fosberg 33745 (US). 

Utirik: Utirik I., Fosberg 33684 (US); St. John & Cowan 

Ujelang: Ujelang I., Fosberg 34177 (US). 

Ujae: Bock I., Fosberg 34315 (US). 

Wotho: Wotho I., Fosberg 34231 (US). 

Lae: Lae I., Fosberg 34008 (US). 

Kwajalein: Fosberg (seen growing in pot, 1956); Bigej I., 

one small bush seen on disturbed coral sand and gravel, 1-3 m, 

Fosberg 26507 (US, BISH); Kwajalein I., near shore, 2 m, 

Cameron 1 (BISH); Legan I., Herbst 8938 (US). 

Ailuk: Ailuk I., Fosberg 33955 (US), St. John & Cowan 

21853 (BISH). 

Jemo: Fosberg 33878 (US). 

Likiep: Aikini (Aekone) I., Fosberg 27056 (US, BISH); 

Likiep I., St. John & Cowan 21 746 (BISH). 

Mejit: St. John & Cowan 21953 (BISH). 

Wotje: Ormed I., St. John & Cowan 22050 (BISH). 

Aur: Tabal I., St. John 21394 (BISH). 

Namu: Leuen I., St. John 21630 (BISH). 

Ailinglapalap: Bikajle I., generally on flat coral sand and 

rubble, 1-3 m, Fosberg 26792 (US, BISH). 

Majuro: St. John, 1948:112 (citing “Majuro Islet: observed”); islet west of Dalap I., on rather dry flat broken coral, 

1-2 m, Fosberg 26914 (US, BISH); Uliga I., Stone 972 

(BISH). 

Amo: Ine I., Anderson 3670 (US, BISH POM); he. I., Stone 

1125 (POM); Langar I., Hatheway 859 (US). 

Jaluit: Engler, 1897:226; Schumann and Lauterbach, 

1901589; Koidzumi, 1915:155; Schnee in 1902 (NSW), in 

1901 (NSW); Jaluit I., south of Jabor, 1-2 m, Fosberg 26687 

(US, BISH); Imrodj I., St. John & Cowan 21690 (BISH). 

26528 (US, BISH). 

21953 (BISH). 

Ebon: St. John & Cowan 22192 (BISH). 

NAURU IsLAND.-bowazek, Deut. Marian., 120, 1913; 

Rhone 27 (NSW); Nikob, NW coast, Fosberg 58754 (US, 

BISH). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Butaritari: Hercouet, 1897:267; Butaritari I., Herbst & Allerton 2705 (US, BISH). 

Tarawa: Bikenibeu, Catala 6 (P); Bikenibeu I., Herbst & 

Allerton 2637 (US, BISH); Abaokoro, Adair 104 (US, BISH); 

Tanaea, Raulerson 3641 (US). 

Nonouti: Tetua, Koch 8 (US). 

Tabiteuea: Eita village, Luomala 33 (BISH). 

Onotoa: Moul 8140 (POM); 8104,8227 (US); Tabuasosae I., 

west of sand flats, Mod8227 (BISH); Abanekeneke I., Cloud 

8104 (BISH). 

Morinda citnfoliu var. bracteata (Roxburgh) Hooker f. 

Morinda cifrifolia var. bracteata (Roxburgh) Hooker f., Fl. Br. Ind., 3:156, 

Morinda bracteata Roxburgh, Hon. Beng., 15, 1814. 

188O.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:271, 1979. 

Differs from var. citrifolia in having one calyx lobe of some 

of the flowers in a syncarp enlarged and conspicuous, white, 

obovate, to as much as 1 cm long. 

This form is common farther west, as in India, rare in 

Micronesia. This character, of an enlarged calyx lobe, is found 

widely in the Rubiaceae, frequent or constant in some genera, 

rare in others, seldom found in all flowers in an inflorescence. 

Infrequent in Morinda citrifolia, seemingly constant in some of 

the other species, e.g., M. latibracteata. The enlarged calyx 

lobes are sometimes incorrectly referred to as “bracts.” 

MEDICAL USES.-The following information was recorded 

on Sonsorol Island, by Paul Berry, 5 Apr 1968. It is not clear 

from Berry’s account whether or not he distinguished the two 

varieties of Morinda citrifolia, but it seems likely that both 

were present and that the name “roru” applies to both, though 

his specimen, no. 32 is var. bracteata. The following are the 

botanical identities of the other plants mentioned as components of the remedies he describes that involve Morinda 

citrifolia L. 

fitoa (Berry 25) = Calophyllum inophyllum L. 

glamahi (Berry 112) = Scaevola taccado (Gaertner) Roxburgh 

glawira (Berry 69) = Allophylus timoriensis (de Candolle) 

gleiwaru (Berry 103) = Pangium edule Reinwardt 

halifato (Berry 45) = Eugenia javanica Lamarck ? 

malat (Berry 78) = Soulamea amara Lamarck(?) 

rifouth (Berry 74) = Mammea odorata (Rafinesque) Kostermann 

The inner skin of the trunk can be scraped, pounded and put 

in an uru, and the juices can then be squeezed on a cut. For 3 or 

4 days only the juices will be used, after the fourth day when a 

scab has formed, the shavings may be applied directly to the 

cut. 

When someone has a pain in the side and cannot breathe 

Blume 
NUMBER 81 95 

well, three young leaves can be mixed with the small nuts and 

the shavings from the inner skin of the roots; these are pounded 

and put in an uru and squeezed into a young coconut and drunk 

3 times a day, for 3 days only. This medicine will help relieve 

the pain. 

Four young leaves of roru can be mixed 

with five young leaves of glawira (69) these are then pounded 

and squeezed into the injured eye. 

Only two drops of this for very serious injury, one drop for 

less serious. Water cannot be put in the eye before or after the 

medicine is used or the medicine will be of no value. 

Another recommended use: Six drops the first day, 3 or 4 

drops the next day, applying 2 drops to the eye not injured. No 

water can be put in the eye before or after use of the medicine; 

the medicine can spoil and even blind the patient. If there is no 

bleeding in or around the eye then the medicine is used only 

rwo days; however, if there is bleeding then the medicine is 

used longer. 

By facing the tree and scraping a 

surface root on the right side, the scrapings can be used as 

medicine, they are wrapped in the leaves, heated and applied to 

the swollen area. 

Stomach pain: The young leaves can be pounded, then 

squeezed into a container and drunk for relief of stomach pain. 

When someone is suffering from a backache, the leaves can 

be spread on the sleeping mat to help relieve the pain. For joint 

pain, the leaves may be tied directly to the ailing joint. 

The people speak of a hard lump that may appear on parts of 

the body, such as the wrist, so to get rid of this they use the 

following medicine. 

The leaves of malat (78), the young leaves of roru, the young 

leaves of gleiwaru (103), the young leave of glamahi (1 12), the 

young leaves of Fitou (25), are mixed, pounded and squeezed 

on the hard lump. The area will then open like a cut and drain. 

While it is healing, the opening will be washed in salt water, 

then rifouth (74), and halifito (45) leaves are pounded and 

squeezed on the cut, to complete the medicine and close the 

opening. 

Eye medicine: 

For swelling to the body: 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS,duam: G.E.S. 453 (BISH). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-sonsoroi: Western side of island, 

Ponape: Metalanim, near Farm Inst., Stone 5440 (GUAM). 

OCEAN ISLAND (Banaba).-Rhone 27 (NSW). 

Berry 32 (US, BISH). 

Morinda lalibractea Valeton 

Morinda latihroctea Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:321, 1930. 

Morinda latihracteata Valeton ex Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 366, 1933; Enum. Micr. 

PI., 421, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:272, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. [Valeton’s epithet has 

been consistently incorrectly read as latihracteata.] 

Tall shrub or small tree, glabrous except for small tufts of 

hairs in domatia in axils of leaf veins; leaves broadly, rarely 

narrowly, elliptic to somewhat obovate, 8-15 x 3-5 mm, 

apices shortly acuminate, bases contracted, slightly decurrent, 

blades with 7 sub-opposite pairs of secondary veins, arching, 

forming an undulate submarginal vein; stipules shorttriangular, blunt to mucronate, slightly connate at base; heads 

on axillary peduncles in upper axils, peduncles about 2.5-3.5 

cm long, heads about 5 mm across, excluding “bracts,” flowers 

4-12, lower parts of hypanthia connate, calyces subtruncate 

with one enlarged lobe of which the base is broad, comprising 

one third or more of the calyx rim, oblanceolate to spatulate or 

broadly obovate, apex acute to bifid or irregularly shallowly 

lobed or toothed or subtruncate, base cuneately contracted, 

about 8 strong veins from base spreading and somewhat 

anastomosing distally, color white, deciduous from fruit; fruit 

globose, irregular, about 1 cm across, fleshy. 

The “bracts” are really enlarged calyx lobes, as are found in 

many Rubiaceae. 

A very distinct species, apparently endemic to the Palau 

Islands. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-kesengelengel (Palau: Fosberg et al., 

1980). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Kanehira 1866 (us, P); on 

islet cliff, Herre 46 (BISH). Koror: Arumidu-sangosekkaiganzan, Hosokawa 7412 (A, BISH); Kanehira 214 (BISH); 

‘/2 mi [0.8 km] from Sansaro intersection, Salsedo 148 (US). 

Aulupse’el: Ngerengchol, Lee Marvin Beach, 2 m, Canfeld 

459 (US, BISH); Hosokawa 9103 (A); Dii’ebachel Beach, 2 m, 

Evans 579 (US, BISH, POM, NY). Urukthapel: E end, road to 

lighthouse, 1-5 m, Fosberg 32038 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

Todai-san: Hosokawa 7496 (BISH, A). 

Morinda pedunculata Valeton 

Morinda pedunculata Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:322, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. 

Micr., 368, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 421, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. 

Mus., 15:220, 1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:272, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Shrub or small glabrous tree, to 7 m tall, nodes prominent, 

internodes squarish, greatly varible in length; leaves mostly 

crowded at ends of branches, elliptic to broadly so, or oblong or 

slightly obovate, somewhat falcate, 9-13 (-18.5) x 5-10 cm, 

apices slightly acuminate, bases-acute, firm-chartaceous, veins 

6-8 (-10) on a side, petiole 1-4 (-5) cm; stipules ovate to 

triangular, apex obtuse to blunt or usually somewhat acuminate; peduncles axillary, up to 5.5 cm long, heads at anthesis 

globose, up to 1 cm diameter; calyx truncate or with very 

minute well-separated teeth, becoming fleshy after corollas 

have fallen, corolla tube 11-13 mm long, white to purplish or 

blue-violet, slightly dilated upward, lobes 5, linear-oblong, 5 

mm long, reflexed, bearded at base, style well-exserted, bifid, 
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

fruit becoming enlarged, irregular, up to 2-4 x 2-2.5 cm. 

anruw & Fosberg 1032). 

VERNACULAR NAME.-kasengel (Palau: Babeldaob: FalGEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Kanehira 1927 (P, US). Babeldaob: Garamiscan Colony, 75 m, Fosberg 25693 (US, 

BISH); Airai, 500 ft [150 m], Hosaka 3417 (US, BISH); 

Gakilo, 200 ft [60 m], Hosaka 3363 (US); Nekken, Cheatham 

11 (US, BISH); Ibobang, 10 m, Raulerson 5696, 6053 (US); 

Airae, Hardy 124 (US, BISH); Aimeliik, 500 ft [150 m], Stone 

1330 (US); SW of Mt. Yekigaroto, 130 m, Fosberg 47691 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY); Dutton 66 (US); Lake Ngardok, 25-50 m, 

Fosberg 32533 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Airai, road to 

Nekken, Hardy 124 (US, BISH); Airai, dam site, Fisher 126 

(US); Ngardmau Munic., along Ailong River, l/2 mi [0.8 km] S 

of Ngardmau dock, 30 m, Canfield 384 (US); Aimeliik Munic., 

along Bakkak River, 5 m, Canfield 332 (US); Ngiwal Munic., 

1.2 mi [1.9 km] SW of Ngiwal village, 20 m, Canfield 502 

(US); Mt. Megiron, Garasumao, Hosokawa 7106 (BISH); 

Garasumao, Takamatsu 1547 (BISH); Garudokku, Takamatsu 

1323, 1417 (BISH); Marukiyoku, Takamatsu 1719 (BISH); 

Kaiguru, Takamatsu 1595 (BISH); Eimelijk, Tuyama 9357 

(GUAM); Nekken, Falanruw & Fosberg 1032 (GUAM); “near 

the Dam,” 500 ft [ 150 m], Shearard and Spence 400 (US). 

Koror: Intersection of road to water plant, Ngesaol, Salsedo 

79b (US). Ngarakabesang: Western peninsula, 10-20 m, 

Fosberg 32473 (US, BISH). 

Morinda salomoniensis Engler 

Morinda salornoniensis Engler, Bot. Jahrb., 7:478, 1887.-Johanson, Blumea, 

33:281. 1988. 

Morinda volubilis sensu auct. non (Blanco) Memll, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 

Suppl., 1:137, 1906.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:95, 1952.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 5:272, 1979. 

Woody liana, not twining, to 15 m, glabrous, stems terete or 

very slightly squarish, internodes to 5 (10-12) cm long; leaves 

elliptic to broadly so, opposite, to 12-13 x 6-7.5 cm, abruptly 

sharply acuminate, veins 6-8 on a side, not prominent, with 

small domatia in axils beneath, petioles 2-3 cm long, flattish; 

stipules low, 2-4.5 mm high, sheathing, scarcely lobed, obtuse, 

scarcely cuspidate; inflorescence panicles or corymiform 

compound cymes, peduncles stout, lower panicle branches 

opposite, upper ones alternate, branchlets terminating in small 

heads or capitula, hypanthia partially fused, (2-) 8-20- 

flowered, calyx shallow cup-shaped, exserted, about 3 mm 

wide, limb almost truncate, colletors inside at base; corolla tube 

slender, 4-6 mm long, lobes 5-6 (-9), broadly linear, rather 

fleshy, 5.6-7.4 mm long, recurved, white; anthers linear, 5.5 

mm long, attached about ‘/3 from base, base minutely 

bi-apiculate; heterostylous, style filiform, glabrous bifid at 

apex into 2 linear recurved stigmas; fleshy fruiting syncarp up 

to 2.5 cm across; each ovary “spuriously” 4-loculed, each 

locule with 1 seed when all are developed (description 

supplemented from Philippine specimens). 

A species known otherwise from Moluccas to Soloman 

Islands, collected in Ponape twice. The Kanehira collection was 

distributed to several herbaria under an unpublished manuscript 

name, but was then identified and reported as M. volubilis by 

Glassman in 1952, but is now placed in Morinda (as 

Caslospermum) salomoniensis by Johanson. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POtIape: Kanehira 1527 (US, BISH, 

P); trail from Awak Valley to Mt. Toloneshappu, 300-500 m, 

Stemmermann & Haun s.n. (BISH). 

Morinda umbellata L. 

Morinda urnbellata L., Sp. PI., 176, 1753. 

The south Asian typical variety is not known from 

Micronesia. 

Morinda umbelluta var. glandulosa (Merrill) Fosberg 

Morinda urnbellata var. glandulosa (Memll) Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

15:220, 1940.-Walker and Rodin, Conb. U.S. Nat. Herb., 30466, 

1949.--Stone, Micronesica, 6:552-553, 1971 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:272, 1979. 

Morinda glandulosa Memll, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot, 9:146, 1914.-Valeton, 

Bot. Jahrb., 63:321, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 366, 1933; Enum. Micr. Pl., 

421, 1935. 

Woody vine, stems glabrous, very soon becoming corky, 

sparingly branched; leaves elliptic, mostly 5-7 x 2-3 cm, acute 

to slightly acuminate at apex, acute at base, subcoriaceous, 

glabrous, main veins visible but not conspicuous, 6 or 7, 

uniting near margin to form a scalloped submarginal vein, 

petioles slender, 10-15 mm long, vein axils usually with 

domatia; peduncles slender, 2-more usually 4, terminal, rarely 

one in each uppermost axil, 7-16 (-23) mm long, flowering 

heads 12-22 mm diam., with usually 10-20 (-25) flowers; 

calyx a short crispate flange; corolla tube about 2 mm long, 

lobes 4-6, about 3 mm long, ovate oblong, apex hooked, a tuft 

of hairs within at base; anthers narrowly oblong-sagittate about 

2.5 mm long, apex blunt or subtruncate; style glabrous, 

subequal with corolla tube, stigmas 2, fleshy; fruit a globose 

syncarp about 12-15 mm diam., red or orange? when ripe. 

A rather common liana in forest on limestone, known only 

from Guam and Saipan, except for the one record from Kusaie, 

a rather unusual distribution. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Kanehira 10 (BISH); Kanehira 2223 (P); Tapotyo-santyohukin, Hosokawa 6689 (BISH, 
NUMBER 81 97 

A); Hosokawa 8022 (BISH, A, US); Mt. Tapotchau, N slope, 

lo00 ft [300 m], Hosaka 2940 (US, BISH). (Saipan?) 

Mikronesien, Hofer 45 (BISH); Mt. Tagpochau, 1000 ft [300 

m], Stone 1379 (BISH); Herbs? & Falanruw 6924 (US). 

Guam: G.E.S 37 (BISH, BM, US); E of Yigo, Moran 4397 

(BISH, POM, UC); G.E.S. 376 (US, lectotype, BISH, BM, 

isotypes); Barrigada and Pagat Pt. area, 400-600 ft [120-180 

m], Moore 42 (US); Pati Pt., 180 m, Bryan 1264 (US, BISH, P); 

Ritidian Pt., top of cliff, 170 m, Fosberg 25311 (US, BISH); 

Ritidian Pt., 400 ft [120 m], Hosaka 3097 (US, BISH); Fosberg 

43422 (US, BISH, POM); NW Field, Stone 5001 (GUAM); 

cliffs above Pago Bay, Stone 3780 (GUAM); N slope of Mt. 

Almagosa, 280 m, Fosberg 35497 (US, BISH); top of Mt. 

Lamlam, 400 m, Fosberg 35365 (US, BISH); Ritidian Pt., 

Anderson 203 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Mt. Lamlam, summit, 

400 m, Anderson 135 (US, BISH, POM); Dededo Well Field, 

110 m, Evans 1684 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Machanao, 150 

m, Evans 1766 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Sabana Pagat, 150 m, 

Fosberg 35271 (US); Ritidian Pt., 170 m, Sachet & Moore 

1818 (US, BISH); Navy Magazine, Moore 495 (US); S peak of 

Mt. Lamlam, 380 m, Fosberg & Evans 46245 (US, BISH); Mt. 

Lamlam, 300 m, Fosberg 46264 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); s. 

l., Costenobfe in 1906 (US); SW of Banigada Hill, 1.5 mi [2.4 

km] from Bamgada, Stone 4010 (GUAM, US); summit of 

Barrigada Hill, Stone 5155 (GUAM); Mt. Alifan, summit, 870 

ft [265 m] Fosberg & Scully 59723 (US, BISH); Mt. Alifan, E 

slope, 780 ft [237 m], Fosberg & Scuffy 59732 (US, BISH); NE 

of main gate to Andersen AFB, Raulerson & Rinehart 10582 

(US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Kusaie: Mount Matante, Takamatsu 

518 (BISH). 

Mussaenda L. 

Mussaenda L., Sp. Pl., 177, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5, 82, 1754 [= 1753].-Safford, 

Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:330, 1905. 

Shrubs, small trees or lianas; leaves opposite, thin; stipules 

tardily caducous; inflorescence a terminal cymose panicle with 

caducous scale-like bracts; calyx lobes separate nearly to base, 

in central flower of some cymules the outer calyx lobe much 

enlarged and showy, stipitate, calyx caducous from even young 

fruit; corolla salverform, tube and throat about equal, buds 

plicate; fruit fleshy, often with conspicuous white lenticels, 

locules 2, placentae fleshy, axile, shield shaped, longitudinally 

attached, the two sides recurved, all surfaces covered by 

numerous small seeds. 

An Old World tropical genus with few highly variable or 

many ill-defined species. 

Mussaenda frondosa L. has been reported a number of times 

from Micronesia, beginning with Safford (1905:330), who, 

without specifically saying so, presumably found it on Guam. 

Subsequent reports are all from the Western Carolines. A.C. 

Smith (1945) and Jayaweera (1964) referred the Caroline 

Islands plants to Mussaenda philippica, which seems a 

satisfactory disposition for them, for the present. The entire 

complex related to M. frondosa deems too closely related, and 

with further study may turn out to comprise a series of varieties 

of that species. 

The Guam reports remain doubtful, as Mussaenda has not 

been found on Guam by any modem collector, to our 

knowledge, and no Safford specimen is known. In the absence 

of a specimen we feel justified in excluding M. frondosa from 

the Guam flora, and from the flora of Micronesia. Mussaenda 

frondosa is regarded by both Smith and Jayaweera as confined 

to Ceylon and India. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Mussaenda 

Enlarged calyx lobe red, pubescence reddish, abundant, tips of 

corolla lobes in bud not separate . . . . . M. erythrophylla 

Enlarged calyx lobe white, pubescence not reddish, sparse, tips 

of corolla lobes in bud separate . . , . . . . M. philippica 

Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumacher 

Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. PI., 116, 1827.-Fosberg. 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:272, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 41, 1980. 

Tall shrub, most parts pubescent with reddish hairs; leaves 

broadly ovate somewhat acuminate, veins about 8 on a side; 

stipules very broadly ovate to cordate, patent to reflexed, tips 

bifid; panicle about 4 times dichotomous or trichotomous, 

bracts to 1 cm long, deeply trifid, lobes linear; calyx lobes 

uniformly 5, linear-lanceolate except for enlarged one that is 

broadly ovate-subcordate, up to 8 cm long, bright red above, 

pink with red veins below; corolla densely red hairy without, 

limb very broadly ovoid, almost globose in bud, tips not 

separate, lobes very broadly ovate, obtuse, red without, cream 

color within, center deep maroon-bearded, throat densely 

yellow hirsute within, tube sparsely pilose within; anthers 

linear-subulate, 4 mm long; style filiform glabrous, stigma 

narrowly oblong, bluntly bifid about half-way; young fruit 

clavate, red pubescent. 

Planted as an ornamental on Palau: Native of tropical Africa. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: Bfackburn E 95 (US, 

BISH); Ngerebe’ed, entomology station, 10 m, Fosberg 47418 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Cheatham 79 (US, BISH); Falanruw 1065 (GUAM, 2 sheets). 

Mussaenda philippica A. Richard 

Mussaenda philippica A. Richard, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 5:245, 

1834.-A.C. Smith, Journ. Am. Arb., 26:105, 1945.-Jayaweera, Journ. 

Am. Arb., 45:128-131, 1964.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

15:272, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Mussaenda frondosa sensu auct. Micr.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 3 1 :474, 

1901.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:330, 1905.-Memll, Philip. 

Journ. Sci. Bot.. 9:147, 1914.- Kraemer in Thilenius, Erg. Suds. Exp., IIB, 

10(1):1-43, 1937.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:215, 1940.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:553, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 58, 1974.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:272, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 41, 1980 [non L. Sp. 177, 17531. 

Mussaenda sericea sensu auct. Micr.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:300-301, 

1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 369, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 421-422, 

1935.--0kabe, Nankyo, 2:20,47, 1943 [non Blume, Bijdr., 986, 18261. 

Large shrub or small tree, glabrous to minutely appressed 

puberulent; leaves ovate-elliptic to elliptic, to 17 x 6 cm, 

strongly acuminate, base contracted to a slender petiole 1 - 1.5 

cm long, veins 9 to 12 on a side; stipules sericeous, triangular, 

with a deeply bifid acumen; panicle about 4 times trichotomous, densely sericeous to soft-pubescent, bracts linear, 

bracteoles irregularly and inequally trifid, segments linear to 

filifom, flowers apparently dioecious; calyx caducous even 

from rather young fruits, lobed almost to base, principal lobes 

5, outer one greatly enlarged and showy on a few flowers, 

unmodified lobes somewhat unequal, linear to narrowly 

lanceolate, tips subulate, much variation even on a single plant, 

usually somewhat striate or carinate on back (especially on Yap 

plants), calyx usually somewhat less sericeous than cyme and 

hypanthium, small extra subulate lobes accompanying the 

enlarged leaf-like lobe, which is up to 9 cm long, broadly ovate, 

acuminate, somewhat cordate or rounded or obtuse at base, 

stipitate (“petiolate”), white, membranous, thinly sericeous, 

veins prominent; corolla 2-3 cm long, densely but shortly 

pubescent without, limb ovoid in bud, acuminate, tips of lobes 

separate, lobes ovate acuminate, bright yellow and densely 

puberulent within, center of staminate flowers shortly bearded 

and throat densely yellow hirsute within, 7 mm long, tube 

glabrous within, 2 cm long, anthers 4-5 mm long, linear or 

subulate; pistillodes about 5-7 mm long, glabrous, with 2 

connivent lobes about 2 mm long; pistillate corollas with tube 

and throat subequal, about 1 cm long, throat somewhat yellow 

puberulent within, no beard, tube glabrous within, antherodes 

subulate, 4 mm long; pistil with glabrous filiform style and 

subexserted stigma about 7 mm long, linear, bifid almost to 

base into slender blunt lobes papillate on inner surfaces and 

margins; fruit (not quite mature) broadly ellipsoid, 2 cm long, 

13 mm wide at middle, thickly beset with white lenticels. 

Careful study of living specimens, during preparation of the 

above description, suggest that this species is really dioecious, 

rather than merely heterostylous, as considered by Jayaweera. 

The pistil in the staminate plant (Fosberg 47416) is reduced to 

a pistillode 5-7 mm long, with lobes connivent, about 2 mm 

long. The antherodes in the pistillate plant (Fosberg 4741 7) are 

subulate, about 4 mm long. 

These plants from the western Carolines are probably best 

referred here, though they are hard to distinguish from those 

from the South Pacific and westward in Malesia and even India 

and Ceylon. They have commonly been referred to M. 

frondosa, the original Ceyleonese species of the genus. 

Discussions by A.C. Smith (1945) and Jayaweera (1964) 

indicate that the Caroline Island plants are not separable from 

the widely spread M. philippica of the Philippines and Solomon 

Islands, which is a logical phytogeographic relationship. 

This species, interpreted broadly, extends from the Philippines to the Caroline and even the Solomon Islands. In 

Micronesia it is known from Palau, Yap, and Fais. On Palau the 

pubescence ranges from close and thinly sericeous to loosely 

appressed and almost shaggy. On Yap only the sericeous forms 

are represented (so far as BISH and US specimens go). The 

Palauan plants are said to tend to erect bushiness while Yap 

ones tend to be rather sprawling. 

USES.-Emetic: New green leaves are crushed together with 

a cup of water. Lumbago: Fruit and leaves are crushed together 

and taken with water (Palau: Okabe, 1943). Gonorrhea: Young 

fruit is pressed and taken with water (Yap: Okabe, 1943). For 

lungs when chest is hit in a fall. Sap is taken to prevent 

tuberculosis (Yap: Cushing 45). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

ercherio (Palau: Otobed, 1967; Blackburn & Bechesrrak E100) 

ereceroi (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

ereiroi (Palau: Okabe, 1943) 

ereroi (Palau: Kanehira, 1935) 

amerok or bech (Yap: Cushing 451) 

bach or wach (Yap: Fosberg 46315) 

batsch (Yap: Alvis 102) 

petch (Yap: Okabe, 1943) 

djienge (Fais: Kraemer, 1937) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.auam: Safford, 1905:330; Merrill, 

1914:147 (citing Safford). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Rocky hillside, Herre 12 

(BISH). Babeldaob: Old Ngatpang village, 25 m, BowdenKerby LR 5138 (US); Katellwell, Tuyama sen. in 1937 (BISH); 

Garudokku, Takamatsu 1348 (US); Ngiual, 50 ft [15 m], 

Hosaka 3404 (US, BISH, POM, NY); E coast, hills between 

Melekiok and Lake Ngardok, 30-60 m, Fosberg 32595 (US). 

Koror: Ledermann 54217 (B); Blackburn & Bechesrrak E I00 

(US, BISH); Cheatham 95 (US, BISH, POM); near entomology 

lab., Stone 4584 (US); Ngerebe’ed, entomology station, 10 m, 

Fosberg 47417 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 47416 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); St. John 21505 (BISH, US); Coral I., Kanehira 

90 (BISH), Falanruw 1064 (GUAM); Ngesod, water pumping 

station, Murin PV68-11 (GUAM); near entomology station, 

P.H. Moore 186 (GUAM); road to airport, 150 ft [45 m], 

Shearard & Spence 92 (BISH); Ngarabaket, Tuyama 7230 (K); 

Arukodosokkew, Takamatsu 1151 (K); cult., Hobdy 1430 

(BISH). Ngarakabesang: E slope, near causeway to Koror, 

Fosberg 25769 (US, BISH). Angaur: 25 m, Fosberg 25902 

(US, BISH), 25897 (US, BISH); E slope above village, 30 m, 

Fosherg 32133 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Yap: 3/4 mi [1.2 km] W of Gachipar, 20 m, Fosberg 46315 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); top slope and summit of Mt. 
NUMBER 81 99 

Matade, 150 m, Cushing 467 (US, GUAM); summit of Mt. 

Matade, Cushing 451 (US, GUAM); Mt. Matade, 160 m, 

Fosberg 25555 (US, BISH); Kanehira 1157 (BISH); Tarago, 

Hosokawa 8707 (BISH); Rumonto, Hosokawa 8945 (BISH); 

Worwor, 15 m, Alvis 102 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); trail to 

Inuf, S Yap, Cushing 434 (GUAM); Bahabat, Takamatsu 1872 

(K); s. l., Stemmermann 3567 (BISH); Tabiwol, near Bulochang abandoned village, Fosberg 60061 (US, BISH, POM); 

Tomil I., 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka 3298 (US, BISH, NY, L). 

Fais: S end of island, 15 m, Fosberg 46688 (US), 46690 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY). 

Mussaenda philippica var. aurorae Sulit 

Mussaenda philippica var. aurorae Sulit, Phil. Journ. Forestry, 2:39, pl. 3: fig. 

Mussaenda philippica cv. Dona Aurora, Hod. 

Mussaenda philippica f. aurorae (Sulit) Jayaweera, Journ. Arn. Arb., 45:131, 

1, 1939. 

1945. 

This differs from Mussaenda philippica var. philippica, as 

described above, in having some or all of the calyx lobes 

enlarged and white. 

This highly ornamental shrub was found in the forest in the 

Philippines by Hugo Curran, and propagated by cuttings, and is 

now widely planted in the tropics, including Guam. We treat it 

here as a botanical variety rather than as a cultivar because it 

did not originate in cultivation. Mr. Souder informs us (pers. 

comm., 1967) that two hybrid cultivars have been planted in 

Guam, C.V. Luz and C.V. Dona Trining. They are hybrids 

involving var. aurorae. 

Seen cultivated in Guam and Palau-Koror. 

Mycetia Reinwardt 

Myceria Reinwardt, Syll. PI. Nov., 2:1825.-K. Schumman in Engler and 

Prantl, Nat. Pfl., IV (4):66, 1891 .-Backer and Bakhuizen, Fl. Java, 2:305, 

1965. 

Erect shrubs, branchlets with a soft spongy-swollen corky 

bark; leaves opposite, penninerved, lacking domatia, membranous; stipules interpetiolar, ovate-triangular often, glandulardentate; inflorescence various, often corymbiform-paniculate, 

sometimes involucrate, terminal or axillary; calyx lobes 4-6, 

triangular, glandular-serrate or not, persistent; corolla tubular, 

hairy within, lobes valvate-induplicate in bud; stamens inserted 

below throat, rarely at or near base; ovary bilocular, placenta 

fleshy, on septum, ovules numerous; style filiform, bifid or 4-6 

branched, branches linear; fruit fleshy, or coriaceous, indehiscent or tardily loculicidal at apex; seeds many, cuneiform. 

A small genus of 4-5 species, distributed from the 

Himalayas to Malay Archipelago and Palau. One species found 

once in Palau. 

Mycetia laterifma (Blurne) Reinwardt ex Korthals 

Myceria luteriflora (Blume) Reinwardt ex Korth, Nederl. Kreidk. Arch., 11, 

2:118, 1851.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:301, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. 

Pl., 422, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesia, 15:272, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Bertiera lamiflora Blume, Bijdr., 987, 1826. 

Mycetia cauliflora Reinwardt, Syll. Ratisb., 2:9, 1828. 

Shrub; leaves opposite, lanceolate, veins prominent, arching 

to parallel with margins, strongly acuminate, long-narrowed to 

base; inflorescences axillary, racemose or somewhat paniculate, with 2 or more whorls of flowers on branchlets, loose, 

flowers and involucral bracts white; calyx lobes 5, hirtellous 

subulate; corolla long-subfunnelform, tube swollen at base, 

hairy within, 10-1 1 mm; disk elevated, style 11 mm long; fruit 

pendulous, cylindric to globose, white, on pedicels 1-3 cm 

long, seeds many. 

Description from Indonesian material and published descnption, as the plant has not been recollected in Micronesia 

because Ledermann’s 14360, from Palau, Babeldaob, in 1914, 

not seen by us, probably lost in Berlin bombing. 

Ophwnhiza L. 

Ophiorrhiza L., Sp. PI., 150, 1753.-Danvin, Lyonia, 1:47-102, 1976. 

Herbs, suffrutescent, or even slender shrubs, erect or 

decumbent, occasionally procumbent, rhaphids present but 

rare; leaves opposite, usually thin, usually petiolate, acute to 

acuminate; stipules interpetiolar, variously developed, entire to 

bifid or fimbriate; inflorescence a terminal corymbiform, 

dichotomously or irregularly branched cyme, branches scorpioid or helicoid, flowers secund, bracts subulate or setiform, 

usually present, flowers pentamerous, calyx lobes or teeth 

deltoid to rarely lanceolate; corolla narrowly (rarely broadly) 

funnelform to salverform, tube often elongate, lobes valvate, 

usually spreading, tube often variously hairy within; stamens 

with filaments variously fused to corolla tube, anthers included 

or rarely exserted; style filiform, stigma capitate to bifid, 

included or subequal with corolla tube or sometimes exserted; 

fruit capuslar, usually flattened, often obcordate, rarely 

subglobose, loculicidal, usually broader than long, crowned by 

peristent calyx teeth; seeds numerous, rhomboid, smooth. 

A large Indo-Pacific genus, of controversial affinities, but 

probably correctly placed in the tribe Hedyotidae; one species 

in Palau. 

Ophwrrhiza palauensis Valeton 

Ophiorrhiza palauensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:298, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. PI., 423, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:214. 1940.- 

Darwin, Lyonia, 1 :78-80, 1976.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver. Micronesica, 

15:273, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Ophiorrhiza palauensis var. biseta Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:214, 

1940.-Otobed, Guide List Plants Palau Islands, 1967. 

Herb or slightly woody at base, stem subglabrous or slightly 

puberulent; leaves oblong, 10-12 cm or more long, to 3.8 cm 

wide, thin, apex acuminate, base acute, slightly decurrent, main 

veins sparsely pilose above, somewhat more so beneath, about 
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

12 to 14 on a side, arching and anastomosing near margin into 

a submarginal vein, a weaker vein between each two, not 

reaching more than half-way to margin, fading into a coarse 

network, petioles slender, 1.5-3.7 cm long; stipules lanceolate, 

apex filiform caudate, or forked into two, 5-6 mm long; cyme 

terminal, peduncle 2.5 cm long, subtended by two foliaceous 

bracts, these ovate or elliptic, twice dichotomous, the inner 

sides of the forks densely puberulent, branches and flowers 

subtended by filiform bracts; hypanthium with 5 rounded 

glabrous keels running into the 5 subulate calyx lobes, the 

intervals densely puberulent, corolla sparsely pilosulose, tube 

1.5-2 cm long, slender, slightly dilated upward, white, lobes 5, 

ovate, about 5 mm long; stamens inserted well within corolla 

tube, filiments short, anthers oblong-linear, 2-2.5 x 0.5 mm, 

included; stigma fleshy, bifid, about 1.2 mm long, lobes 

divergent; fruit mitriform, 2.5-4.5 x 4.0-1 1.2 mm, puberulent, 

calyx lobes persistent. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

meldii (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980; Fosberg 47564) 

metsibech (Palau, Koror: Valeton, 1930; Raymundus 142) 

odoid (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

tielar bekai (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

This species, endemic to Palau, is widely distributed on both 

volcanic and limestone substrata. Plants from limestone areas 

differ slightly from those on volcanic soils. Their leaves tend to 

be broader and frequently somewhat obovate or broadly 

oblanceolate, and the plants to be slightly more slender. The 

cymes are usually somewhat more slender, and the corolla tube 

are usually more slender and sometimes shorter. The type from 

Koror, Raymundus 124, which was probably lost in the Berlin 

bombing, was described as having the leaves narrowly elliptic 

to lanceolate, suggesting that it may have come from the 

volcanic part of Koror. Mature fruiting specimens from the 

volcanic areas are lacking. Darwin, in his revision of the Pacific 

species (1976) rejects var. biseta as the stipule character does 

not hold up, and mentions the narrower leaf width. He cites 

material of this species from both volcanic and limestone 

substrata, but does not suggest any taxonomic separation. 

Further consideration of this possibaly should await collection 

of more ample flowering specimens from the limeastone and 

mature fruiting ones from the volcanic ones. Darwin, 1976:48, 

regards 0. palauensis as related to eastern Asiatic species, 

rather than to other Pacific species. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: 1.5 mi [2.4 km] 

due N of airfield, 10 m, Canfield 265 (US); Airai, old Japanese 

water reservoir, Hardy 115 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 50 m, 

Vann A-12 (US); near waterfall at Ngatpang, Cheatham 121 

(US); Itau, first estuary S of Me’ebe’ubul, 1 m, Fosberg 32406 

(US, BISH, POM, NY); Aimiliiki-son and Ailai Island, 

Hosokawa 7274 (A, BISH); Mt. Megilon, Hosokawa 7118 (A, 

US, BISH). Koror: Arumidu-sangoseikaiganzan, Hosokawa 

7405 (US); Ngermid, Cheatham 61 (US, BISH, POM); 

Ngarmid, 30 m, Fosberg 47492 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); on 

road to Rendrok, Salsedo 116 (US, BISH); Ngerbechedesau, 0 

m, Hardy 23 (US); Toirechuil, W of Koror, limestone I., on S 

side of causeway between Koror and Malakal, 14 m, Canfield 

294 (US); Aurapushokaru I., 321 ft [lo0 m], Stone 4550 (US). 

Aulupse’el: Western part of island, 1-5 m, Fosberg 31948 

(US, BISH, POM); Risong, Matuker Bay, 2 m, Fosberg 47564 

(US, BISH, POM), 30-50 m, 47536 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Oropsyakal-to: Hosokawa 7451 (A). Urukthapel: Ngchus, 

Ankosu Pt., 50 m, Canfield 464 (US); SW shore of Malakal 

Harbor, 1 m, Fosberg 25864 (US, BISH, POM, NY); SW 

peninsula of island, 1-10 m, Fosberg 32187 (US, BISH, 

POM); Todai-san: Hosokawa 7528 (A). 

Paederia L. 

Paederia L., Mant., I, I, 52, 1761. 

Lianas, unarmed, dextrously twining, often ill-scented when 

broken; rhaphides present; leaves simple, entire, opposite or in 

whorls of 3; stipules entire, triangular or ovate, persistent or 

tardily caducous; cymes axillary, open, paniculate; flowers 

pentamerous, bisexual; calyx shortly lobed, toothed, or 

truncate; corolla infundibuliform to campanulate, pilose within 

at least in lower part, lobes valvate, margins inrolled; stamens 

inserted in corolla-tube, anthers narrowly oblong; ovary 

2-locular, ovules one in each cell, erect, stigmas filiform, 

intertwined; fruit a thin-walled dryish drupe, 10-nerved, 

pyrenes 2. 

A pantropical genus, said to include 50 species. 

Paederia tomentosa Blume 

Paederia tomentosa Blume, Bijdr., 968, 1827. 

Vigorous climber, sparsely to densely soft-pubescent, hairs 

multicellular, erect to curved, or curled, pubescence densest on 

petioles and under sides of leaf nerves; stems somewhat 

fistulose, groved when dry, internodes to at least 10 cm long,, 

leaves purplish green, opposite, broadly oblong-ovate to 

suborbicular; apex obtuse, minutely apiculate, base subtruncate 

to subcordate or cordate, lamina thin, nerves 5-6 on a side, 

opposite to alternate, petioles slender 2-4 cm long, densely 

pilose-tomentose; stipules triangular to broadly ovate, acuminate, not or scarcely joined at base, dorsally subglabrous to 

appressed pilose, strongly and closely hispid-ciliate on margins; cymes 2 at a node very loosely paniculate, peduncles 

slender, 2-3.5 cm long, trichotomous at first ramification, 

branches once or twice, rarely three times dichotomous, a 

sessile or subsessile flower in each forking, branches then 

elongating with 3-5 secund flowers, 6-12 mm apart, “pinkpurple” according to collectors, bractlets small, scale-like, 

acuminate, strongly ciliate; hypanthium glabrous, calyx di- 
NUMBER 81 101 

vided almost to base, into 5 broadly triangular densely ciliate 

teeth; corolla about 6 mm long infundibuliform-campanulate, 

densely purplish tomentose externally, with 5 blunt ovate erect 

lobes; no fruit seen on Guam specimens. 

By some united with Paederia scandens, but differing in 

being soft-pubescent throughout, much broader leaves, different inflorescence branching, and smaller flowers. Native of 

Java and the Philippines; apparently only recently introduced 

on Guam. First found 30 Apr 1989, but then already covering 

a patch about 2 hectares in area. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAM~NED 

MARIANAS 1sLANDS.auam: Former Harmon Housing 

area, inland from Two Lovers Pt., alt. 100 m, Raulerson & 

Rinehart 18568 (GUAM, US), Raulerson 18691 (GUAM, US), 

Rinehart & Raulerson 19274 (GUAM). 

Pentas Bentham 

Pentas Bentham, Bot. Mag., 70: t. 4086, 1844. 

Herbs or shrubs, with rhaphide bundles in tissues, 1 or more 

stems from a rootstock, stems sparingly or much branched, 

plant usually hairy; leaves ovate to lanceolate, opposite, 

pseudo-verticellate or in whorls, usually strongly nerved, 

margins entire; stipules pectinate, rarely bifid, glandulartipped; inflorescence terminal or rarely also lateral, a corymbiform cyme, often subcapitate or even capitate, more open in 

fruit; calyx 5-lobed, with stipitate glands between lobes, lobes 

equal or 1-3 larger, one or more sometimes foliaceous; corolla 

tubular-funnelform or throat abruptly cylindric, lobes 5, 

spreading, ovate or oblong; stamens with filaments adnate to 

tube to near summit, anthers dorsifixed near base or middle, 

oblong or linear, opening by longitudinal slits; style filiform, 

with two branches, these stigmatic almost all around, ovary 

2-locular, fleshy placentae attached to middle of septum, ovules 

numerous; fruit a ribbed, usually turbinate or globose capsule, 

beaked, usually opening apically into 4 valves, sometimes 

tardily splitting into 2 cocci; seeds minute, irregularly globose 

or angular, testa minutely reticulate. 

A mostly African genus of between 30 and 40 species, a few 

of them with cultivated ornamental varieties, two of which are 

sometimes planted in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Pentas 

Corolla red, throat cylindric or at least abruptly dilated at base, 

pubescence notably velutinous . . . . . . . . Pentas bussei 

Corolla lilac or purplish, or white, throat funnelform, pubescence coarser than velutinous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pentas lanceolata var. carnea 

Pentas bussei Krause 

Pentas bussei Krause, Bot. Jahrb., 43:134, 1909.-Verdcourt, Bull. Jard. Bot. 

Pentas coccinea Stapf, Bot. Mag., t. 9005, 1924. 

Bruxelles, 23:297-303, 1953. 

Shrubs to 2 (or even 4) m, pubescence velvety, yellowish or 

reddish when dry; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, to 15 cm long, 

lateral nerves 5 or 6 on a side, finely hairy especially beneath, 

acute or acuminate shortly petiolate; stipules pectinate, setae 

3-9 on a side; cymes dense to lax, up to 8 cm wide, terminal 

and axillary, peduncles to 4 cm long; flowers scarlet or 

crimson, calyx with 1 to 3 larger lanceolate lobes, 2 to 4 shorter 

subulate to broadly linear ones; flowers heterostylous; longistylous ones with corollas 12 to 20 mm long; anthers included; 

style well exserted, to as much as 9 mm; brevistylous ones with 

corolla 10-16 mm long, anthers well exserted, style branches 

included to slightly exserted; throat in both forms cylindric; 

fruit oblong to obovoid, constricted at summit, to 6 mm long, 

10-ribbed, splitting into 2 cocci. 

An African species rarely cultivated in Micronesia. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED. 

NAURU ISLAND.-W side of island, Fosberg 58675 (US). 

Pentas lanceolata (Forsskal) DeFlers 

Penias lanceolata (Forsskal) DeFlers, Voyage au Yemen, 142, 1889 

[combination often attributed to Schumann. 1891 1.-Verdcourt, Bull. Jard. 

Bot. Bruxelles, 23:339-353, 1953.--Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 59:102, 

1957.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:273, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Ophiorrhiza lanceolata Forsskal, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., 42-43, 1775. 

Pentas lanceolata (Forsskal) DeFlers var. lanceolata not 

found in Micronesia. 

Pentas lanceolata var. carnea (Bentham) Verdcourt 

Pentas lanceolata var. carnea (Bentham) Verdcourt, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles, 

Pentas carnea Bentham, Bot. Mag., 70, t. 4086, 1844. 

23:345, 1953. 

Pubescent shrub to 1 m or more tall; leaves ovate, to 11 x 5 

cm, somewhat acuminate, base contracted and somewhat 

decurrent, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, densely so on 

nerves beneath, nerves (6) 8 to 12, rather long; stipules low 

sheathing densely pilose, with 3 to 5 unequally long pilose 

processes or setae on each side of the stem between petioles; 

inflorescence of 3 terminal cymes, often with a cyme in each 

axil at the next node down, leaves at terminal node reduced, 

often the entire assemblage condensed, or even subcapitate, 

individual cymes or their branches subcapitate, peduncles 

sparsely pilose to densely above, branched portion of cyme 

densely pilose, branching several times but condensed, flowers 

crowded; hypanthium turbinate, pilose, calyx lobes strongly 
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

unequal, two usually much longer, all of them flat, linearlanceolate or lanceolate, within sparsely strigulose, without 

long-pilose on mid-nerve; corollas tubular funnelform, lilac to 

pink, sparsely pilose without, tube plus throat 15-19 mm long 

in longistylous flowers, 20-23 mm in brevistylous, tube 

slender, throat funnelform-dilated, densely bearded within, 

lobes ovate, 5-5.5 mm long, acute and minutely mucronulate, 

pilose without, glabrous within; in longistylous flowers anthers 

attached at base of throat, narrowly linear, 2 mm long, possibly 

sterile, style filiform, exserted 2-5 mm, stigma bifid, segments 

at first connivent, then spreading and becoming recurved, 

linear; in brevistylous flowers, filaments glabrous, exserted 

about 3 mm, anthers linear, 2 mm long, erect, style 16 mm long, 

stigma 5 mm, bifid, lobes linear, included in throat; fruit 3 mm 

long, turbinate, slightly compressed, pilose, calyx lobes 

persistent. 

Native of Arabia and Africa, this variety only known in 

cultivation; sparingly planted in Micronesia. Several color 

variants are known, including a white and a rose-purple form. 

Some of these may possibly be of hybrid origin. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Tinian: San Jose village, planted, 

Rota: Songsong village, 5-10 m, Evans 2253 (US, BISH, 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Otobed, m.s. 1967:30. 

Ponape: Kolonia, planted, Fosberg 60530 (US); 58441 (US, 

MARSKALL IsLANDs.-Kwajalein: Fosberg (seen growing in 

Fosberg 5991 7 (US). 

POM, NY). 

BISH, POM) (flowers rose-purple). 

pot, 1956 and 1958). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa, Catah 116 (P). 

Psychotria L. 

Psychotria L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 929, 1759.-VaIeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:313, 

1930.-Stone, Micronesica, 633-557, 1971 .-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6: 

244-247, 1991. 

Amracarpus Blume, Bijdr., 954, 1826.-Valeton, Bot Jahrb., 63:317, 1930. 

Mostly shrubs, rarely small trees or climbers; raphid bundles 

present; leaves simple, entire, pinnately veined, sometimes 

with domatia in vein-axils; stipules interpetiolar variously 

shaped, deciduous or persistent, sometimes forming a calyptra 

over the terminal bud, this usually with 2 or 4 terminal 

appendages, a row of trichome-like glands or colletters in 

stipule axil; inflorescence a terminal or axillary cyme or thyrse, 

rarely reduced to a fascicle or single flower, variously bracteate 

or not, branches opposite or whorled; flowers bisexual or 

unisexual and dioecious; calyx cylindric or funnel-form, rarely 

saucer-shaped, usually short, 4 to 5 toothed or lobed or 

truncate; corolla with cylindric or dilated tube, often quite 

short, lobes 4 to 5, valvate, erect to variously spreading or 

recurved; stamens inserted below sinuses of corolla, anthers 

attached basally or dorsally; ovary 2-loculed, each cell with one 

erect ovule, style short to slightly exserted, stigma bifid; fruit a 

drupe with soft flesh and 2 pyrenes, these with plane inner 

faces, dorsal side often carinate, tricarinate, or with broken 

keels, or simply convex, sclerified endocarp rather thin; seed 

with endosperm simple, grooved or variously ruminate. 

An enormous pantropical genus, very difficult taxonomically. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Psychotria 

1. Plant a climber or pseudo-epiphytic ................ P. dwspyrifolia 

1. Plant a shrub or tree, not climbing or pseudo-epiphytic .............. 2 

Inflorescences clearly axillary or very early pseudoaxillary .......... 3 

3. Flowers in dense, axillary verticels; leaves lanceolate; stipules sheathing with 

lobes lacerate ........................ P. hianthoides 

3. Flowers either fasciculate or in cymes; leaves usually broader, stipules various 

........................................ 4 

Stipules sheathing toward base, apically bifid, with 2 vertical ribs or keels; 

flowers in filiform cymes, or pedicels fasciculate or solitary in leaf-axils 

.............................. P. hombroniana 

Stipules calyptrate with apical appendages or a low collar with a mucro or 

acumen on each side, very early caducous ............... 5 

5. Flowers in irregularly branched loose clusters, these usually terminal but 

occasionally axillary; stipules low sheathing, mucronate ....... 

Flowers in cymes, sessile or subsessile in triads ending cyme-branches; 

stipules calyptrate ........................... 6 

Cymes glabrous, once or twice trichotomous; corolla lobes subequal 

2. 

4. 

4. 

.............................. €? leptothyrsa 

5. 

6. 
NUMBER 81 103 

2. 

with tube ....................... P. maluspinae 

Cymes thinly pilose, three or four times trichotomous, corolla lobes 

much shorter than tube ................ P. andersonii 

Inflorescence terminal, sometimes becoming pseudoaxillary .......... 7 

Peduncles or pedicels 2 or more at terminal node .............. 8 

8. Stipules white, marcescant, subtending inflorescence; corolla funnelfom, 

9-15 mm. long, lobes 5 m. long, oblong acutely pointed ....... 

8. Stipules not white or marcescent, early caducous, not persistently 

subtending the inflorescences; corolla much shorter than 14 mm ... 9 

Inflorescence a terminal fascicle of long-pedicellate flowers or fruits 

............................... P. merrillii 

Inflorescences of 2 or more terminal cymes .............. 10 

Calyx broadly cup- or saucer-shaped, margins obsoletely dentate, not 

at all crispate, peduncles and pedicels loosely spreading ...... ........................... P. cheathamiana 

Calyx reduced to a narrow, thin, crispate ring at top of hypanthium, 

peduncles and pedicels strongly ascending, rather fastigiate .... ............................. P. hosokawae 

Peduncle one, at terminal node. ...................... 11 

11. Inflorescences usually 2 cm. or less long, terminal but becoming 

pseudoaxillary; corolla strongly funnelform, 5-lobed, about 7-9 mm. 

long; stipules calyptrate ................... P. arbuscula 

Inflorescence longer than 2 cm., stipules not calyptrate; corolla usually 

tubular or hypocrateriform, usually less than 9 mm long ....... 12 

Flower clusters irregularly branched or paniculate .... P. leptothyrsa 

Flower clusters clearly cymose or umbellate ............. 13 

Inflorescence twice umbellately branched; stipules ovate to deltoid, 

dried fruit broader than long, bi-sulcate ......... P. rotensis 

Inflorescence trichotomously cymose, thyrsoid or reduced even to one 

fruit; stipules tubular or flat, dried fruit as long as or longer than 

broad, if sulcate then sulci more than two, these between keels of 

Cymes trichotomous, stiff, repeatedly branched, corymbiform to 

hemispheric, stipules flat, ovate; calyx cup-shaped, truncate; dried 

fruit and pyrenes not at all sulcate or ribbed, endosperm notably 

ruminate. ....................... P. mariuna 

Cymes thyrsoid, tending to be elongate; stipules collar-like or 

tubular; fruit when dried tending to be at least somewhat sulcate 

pyrenes, ribbed; endosperm not ruminate ........... 15 

Main branches of thyrse whorled except when thyrse is strongly 

reduced; distal branching of thyrse tending to be irregular; 

stipules low, collar-like, lobes triangular early caducous, 

flowers pedicellate; fruit, not compressed when dry, lacking a 

strong median keel on each side when dry ... P. leptothyrsa 

Main branches of thyrse opposite, distal branching decussate; 

stipules tubular, flowers sessile or subsessile; fruit somewhat 

compressed at least when dry; pyrenes with a strong median 

keel on each side. ...................... 16 

Fruit broadly ovoid, to 10-13 mm. x 9-10 mm., pyrenes 

rhombic .................. P. rhombocarpa 

Fruit to 20 mm long x 15 mm. wide, pyrenes hastate, lateral 

6. 

7. 

............................... P. mycetoides 

9. 

9. 

10. 

10. 

7. 

1 1. 

12. 

12. 

13. 

13. 

pyrenes .............................. 14 

14. 

14. 

15. 

15. 

16. 

16. 

lobes prominent ............ P. rhombocarpoides 
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Psychotria andersonii Fosberg 

Psychotria andersonii Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:248, 1991. 

Branches tending to be gray to black, glabrous except pilose 

when very young, squarish; leaves broadly obovate, to 11 x 

5-6 cm, shortly but sharply acuminate, base cuneate, 10 to 12 

veins on a side, anastomosing close to margin, woolly along 

midrib beneath when young, petiole 5-10 mm long; stipules 

narrow calyptrate, to 8-9 mm long, glabrous, scarcely 

bicarinate, with 2 terminal appendages, these notably bifid; 

cymes axillary, very open, to 9 cm long, peduncles rather 

heavy, to 3.5 cm long, 3 or rarely 4 times trichotomous, distal 

forks with a sessile or subsessile flower, branches ending in 

small glomerules of sessile flowers; calyx deeply cup-shaped, 

tube 2 mm long, 4 ovate-oblong lobes subequal with tube or 

shorter, becoming recurved, inflorescence and hypanthium 

thinly pilose, calyx glabrous, corolla tubular, tube 8 mm long, 

lobes 2 mm, seen in bud only, glabrous externally; one 

immature fruit, only, seen, broadly ellipsoid, 5 mm long, 

scarcely ribbed, crowned by persistent calyx. 

A distinctive species characterized by its strong, elongate, 

very open cymes. 

Known only from the type collection. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS 1SLANDS.auam: West of Mt. Santa Rosa, 5 

Sep 1949, D. Anderson 158 (US, holotype; BISH, MO, BM, 

isotypes). 

Psychotria arbuscula Volkens 

Psychotria arbuscula Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:476, 1901.-VaJeton, Bot. 

Jahrb., 63:314, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 369, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 423, 

1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:274, 1979.-Fosberg, 

Allertonia, 6:249, 199 1. 

Shrub 1-3 m tall, branched, vegetatively glabrous, twigs 

tending to be blackish, distal internodes very short; leaves 

narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, to 15 cm long, usually 

much shorter, apex notably acuminate, base acute, blade thin, 

nerves 6-1 1 on a side, rather widely spaced, curving upward to 

near margins, lesser nerves variously developed between them 

usually straight, spaced irregularly, not reaching near margin, 

network faint, irregular, petiole 1 cm or less; stipules calyptrate, 

acuminate, minutely 2-lobed at tip, about 1 cm long, early 

caducous; inflorescences in upper axils, short, 3 cm or usually 

less long, rather irregularly 2 (-3) times branched, minute 

ovate-subulate bractlets at ramifications, flowers pedicellate, 

calyx patelliform, with 5 teeth, these triangular acute to slightly 

acuminate, a slight constriction between calyx and hypanthium, 

puberulent to glabrous or glabrate; corolla funnelform, tube 

4-5 mm, lobes ovate, 3-4 mm, blunt, throat bearded; style 

glabrous, stigma 2 lobed, lobes somewhat divergent, subexserted; drupe ellipsoid to somewhat ovoid, 5-6 x 5-4 mm, 

crowned by the short persistent calyx, pyrene 4-ribbed dorsally. 

Type: Yap I., Volkens 80, 175, 200, 537 (all B, syntypes, 

probably destroyed). 

degree of development of the inflorescence. 

A rather uniform species, varying in leaf size and in the 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Volkens, 1901 :476-477; Kanehira 1186 (K, P, NY BISH); Wong 413 (K); Rogool and Okao 

I., Hosokawa 8891 (BISH); Takiol, Takamatsu 1834 (BISH, 2 

sheets); Balabat, Takamatsu 1885 (BISH); Kanehira 1168 

(NY); Mt. Tabiwol, Fanif Mun., Fafanruw 3388 (US); Mabo 

(Map), Hosokawa 8822 (A); Mt. Dabiol, Hosokawa 8765 (A); 

Gaanpan village, Delipepinban, Fosberg 60100 (US, BISH, 

POM, MO, K, P, TI, BRI, B, A), stipules unusually long with 

4 appendages. 

Psychotria cheathamiuna Fosberg 

Psychotria cheathamiam Fosberg, Allertonia, 6~249, 1991. 

Shrub or small tree, entirely glabrous except leaf axils and 

corolla throat, branchlets pale gray, almost white, internodes 

1-3 cm long, nodes rather prominent, a fringe of stiff brown 

trichomes (or colleters?) in axils of leaves and stipules, scars 

prominent; leaves narrowly elliptic to slightly obovate, ranging 

greatly in size, from 10 x 2 to 23 x 8 cm on same plant, apices 

strongly acuminate, bases cuneately contracted, lamina thin 

chartaceous to almost membranous, primary nerves prominent, 

11-17 on a side, secondary ones weak, inconspicuous, few and 

irregularly somewhat ladder-like, network obscure, petioles 

1-3 cm long, stipules of calyptrate type but greatly elongate, to 

3 cm, lower 1.5 cm narrow, but enclosing bud, ear-like 

appendages greatly enlarged, leaf-like, apices bifid, early 

caducous so only one fully developed pair remains on 

specimen; cymes borne 2-5 at terminal node, but soon 

becoming pseudo-axillary by development of a leading branch 

from the same node, cyme twice branched, each branch ending 

in an umbelloid cluster of up to 5 or 6 pedicellate flowers; calyx 

broadly cup-shaped, about 1 mm long, margin scarcely 

toothed; corolla tube narrow, 4 mm long, lobes ovate 2 mm 

long, somewhat reflexed, throat bearded; anthers erect, partly 

exserted (only one good flower seen); fruits red, fleshy, 

rather crowded in a cluster made up of the several cymes at the 

terminal node, some clusters appearing axillary, drupes 

ovoid, 10-13 mm long, pyrenes with 3 sharp unequal keels 

dorsally. 

Possibly closest to P. rhombocarpa Kanehira, resembling 

that species vegetatively and in fruit, but with several small 

terminal inflorescences instead of a large paniculate thyrse. 

An understory or undergrowth species in the thick wet forest 

on the limestone islands in Palau. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Urukthapel: N coast of SW 

peninsula, around small lake, on upper slopes and ridges, 
NUMBER 81 105 

17-19 Mar 1950, Fosherg 32189 (US, holotype, BISH, MO, 

K, A, P, isotypes); 32194 (US, BISH). Makarakol (Eil Malk): 

Hosokawa 9230 (A, BISH). 

Psychotria diospyrifolia Kanehira 

Psychotria diospyrifolia Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:355, 1935; Enum. 

Micr. PI., 423, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:274, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 

6:250. 1991. 

Scandent shrub, pseudo-epiphytic, branchlets subterete, 4 

mm thick; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, 9-13 x 4-5.5 cm, 

apex cuspidate-caudate or very shortly acuminate, base obtuse 

to somewhat cuneate-decurrent, thick coriaceous, primary 

leaf-veins 9 on a side, spreading at about 60” from midrib, 

arcuate anastomosing near margin, network obsolete or nearly 

so, petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, flattened inflorescence terminal, 

to 12 cm long and wide, peduncle to 7 cm, trichotomously 

branched; fruit densely glomerate, stipitate, globose, 6 mm 

diam. longitudinally sulcate, pyrenes plano-convex dorsally 

3-carinate, endosperm entire. (Adapted from original description.) 

After the above description was adapted from the original, it 

became obvious that a specimen that had long ago been put 

aside unidentified is either the same or very close. We are 

regarding it as this species, but because of several discrepancies 

from the description we are not altering the description but 

choose to point out the respects in which this specimen, 

Cheatham 39, cited below, differs. If eventual comparison with 

the type shows that the two are really incompatible this 

specimen can be made the type of a new species. 

haves elliptic, to 8 x 4 cm, prominently acuminate, thinly 

but stiffly coriaceous, inflorescence hemispheric, 5-6 cm wide, 

on a peduncle 4 cm long, minutely bracteate, fruits somewhat 

crowded but not glomerate, seeds with a roughened black 

surface and a very hard deeply ruminate rather than entire 

endosperm. The leaves resemble closely those of P. sarmentosa 

Blume. 

Type: Palau, Babeldaob, Aimirik, Kanehira 2340 (FU?) not 

seen by us. Known until now only from the type specimen. We 

have not seen the type of this climbing species, but presume it 

is allied to the south Asian and Indonesian P. sarmentosa 

Blume, differing especially in leaf shape and texture. Additional specimen from Babeldaob, “road from Airai to Nekken,” 

Cheatham 39 (US). 

Psychotria hombroniana (Baillon) Fosberg 

Psychotria hombroniano (Baillon) Fosberg, Phytologia, 5(7):291, 1955; 

Allertonia, 251, 1991.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:554-555, 1971.-Souder, In 

Guam Gardens, 69, 1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:275, 1979. 

Uragoga hombroniana Baillon, Adansonia, 12:333, 1879. 

Shrubs to several m tall, branched, slender, glabrous to thinly 

woolly-pilose; leaves thin, up to 10 x 3-4 cm, mostly smaller, 

elliptic to ovate or somewhat obovate, obtuse to somewhat 

acuminate, base acute to obtuse, veins clearly visible beneath 

but not prominent; stipules narrow, to 1 cm long, usually much 

smaller, strongly bifid and only united a short distance to 

half-way above base, early caducous, glabrous to pilose, in one 

variety divided distally into many slender threads; inflorescences axillary, varying from a solitary flower to fascicles or 

almost sessile glomerules, to pedunculate and glomerate, to 

variously cymosely branched, always slender, often capillary, 

with small scale-like caducous bracts at ramifications, flowers 

from pedicellate to subsessile and then in few-flowered 

glomerules, calyx patelliform to cup-shaped, margin almost 

entire to denticulate or somewhat deltoid-lobed, persistent on 

fruit; corolla salverform to funnelform with 4 or 5 lobes, tube in 

some forms somewhat ampliate above, or sub-campanulate, 

throat at least usually strongly bearded; drupes red, when dry 

usually somewhat longitudinally plicate, ovoid to ellipsoid, 

pyrenes flat on inner face, more or less tricarinate dorsally, also 

frequently somewhat rugose; seed with endosperm entire. 

This species is found in a large number of varieties, on most 

high islands in Micronesia. It is perplexingly variable, and has 

been split into many species. These seem to intergrade so 

thoroughly that they merit at most no more than varietal rank. 

The stipules and the branching of the inflorescences, as well as 

the pubescence, provide the principal differences. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

demedemegur (Palau: Ledermann 14099) 

rtertil (Palau: Fosberg 25861) 

kampaniel (Ponape: Glassman 2873) 

ke mpenial (Mpen = nearby, ial = path) (Ponape: Riesenberg 

chemei (Truk: Pelzer 3736) 

35,36) 

The following key will separate most specimens into the 

varieties described below, but due to the variability of their 

characters, may not deal very adequately with some, especially 

if the specimens are imperfect. 

Key to Varieties of Psychotria hombroniana 

1. Stipules and cymes glabrous or almost so, leaves glabrous or only sparsely pilose 

along midribs beneath .............................. 2 

2. Inflorescences reduced to axillary fascicles of pedicellate flowers, or to single 

axillary flowers, or rarely to small glomerules on short peduncles 1 (-1.5) 

cm.long ........................... var. hombroniana 

2. Inflorescences branched cymes .......................... 3 
106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

3. Flowers pedicellate; corolla tube cylindric; calyx teeth obtuse or slightly 

pointed. ............................ var. ladronka 

3. Flowers sessile or subsessile; corolla tube funnelfonn or campanulate; calyx 

teeth acute. ................................ .4 

4. Corolla 3 mm. long, campanulate, lobes equalling tube, drupe 5 mm. long, 

sulcate when dry .................... var. mariunnensis 

4. Corolla 2 mm. long, funnelfonn, drupe 6 mm. long, scarcely sulcate, notably 

rugulose. .......................... var. squarrosa 

1. Stipules usually pubescent, rarely glabrous, cymes glabrous to pilose or hirsute; 

leaves pubescent, at least beneath ........................ 5 

5. Apices of stipules with long filaments, especially distally; cymes sparsely 

branched, 1-4 cm. long, glabrous to sparsely pilose ...... var. canfieldiue 

5. 

Leaves subcoriaceous, petiole and under side of midrib hirsute; stipules and 

inflorescence hirsute, cymes less than 1 cm. long, scarcely branched, 3-5 

flowered ........................... var. peliliuensis 

6. Leaves thin-chartaceous, indument pilose or almost none; stipules hirtellous to 

woolly-pilose, cymes lax, trichotomous, well over 2 cm. long, sparsely pilose 

........................................ 7 

Cymes glabrous somewhat thyrsoid; plants subglabrous; drupes strongly 

ribbed when dry and notably rugose. ........... var. kusaiensis 

Cymes pilose, filiform to capillary, once or twice cymosely branched; plant 

var. hirtella 

Apices of stipules not long filementose but usually hirtellous to hirsute .... 6 

6. 

7. 

7. 

generally hirtellous, drupes weakly or scarcely ribbed when dry ..... ................................. 

Psychotricr hombroniana var. canfildiae Fosberg 

Psychotria hombroniana var. canjieldiae Fosberg, AIlertonia 6:253, 1991. 

Shrub or small slender tree, branchlets glabrous, brown to 

blackish; leaves broadly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5-8, 

rarely 10 cm long, strongly acuminate, rarely acute or even 

obtusish, base gradually contracted, blade thin, glabrous or, 

when very young, pilose on under side along midrib, usually 

soon glabrate, petiole slender, to about 1 cm; stipules 

sheathing, strongly bifid into very slender points these more or 

less filamentose, especially distally (filaments often rubbed off; 

cymes filifonn to capillary, 1-4 cm long, sparsely branched 

once or twice, glabrous to sparsely pilosulous, flowers 

subsessile, 2 or 3 at ends of branches. 

The stipules of this variety are distinctive, in general 

resembling those of var. squarrosa, but clothed, distally by 

long filament-like hairs; this character seems quite constant, 

except that the hairs tend to be rubbed off on specimens subject 

to handling. 

Known only from the karstic limestone islands of the Palau 

Group, where common in undergrowth on steep slopes and 

ridges. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Aulupse’el: S side, Risong, 

Matuker Bay, 30-50 m, Fosberg 47537 (US, BISH, POM, P, 

MO, S); 47554 (US, BISH, POM, K, MO, NSW, A). 

Urukthapel (Ngerukthapel): Ngchus, Ankosu Pt., 50 m, 

Canfield 466 (US); N part of island, near entrance to Ascidian 

Marine Lake, Hobdy 1527 (BISH); middle of NE coast of 

Magaiald (N arm of Urukthapel Island), SW shore of Malakal 

Harbor, Fosberg 25861 (US, BISH, POM, NY, BM); W side N 

peninsula near old cultured pearl establishment, 2-10 m, 

Fosberg 32148 (US); E end Urukthapel, 200 m, Fosberg 32493 

(US, BISH); SW peninsula Urukthapel, around small lake at 

base of small peninsula on N coast, 1-10 m, Fosberg 32184 

(US, holotype, US, BISH, K, POM, isotypes), 32182 (US, 

BISH), 32183 (US, BISH, GUAM, B, MO, POM, TI). 

Orukuizu or “Seventy Islands Nature Reserve,” easternmost 

large island, 20-25 m, Fosberg 47662 (US, BISH, POM, MO, 

K, S, BM, A, CHR, GUAM) (leaves unusually short in 

proportion to their width, acute to obtusish not acuminate); 

Rinehart LR 16542 (US); Bhumekerall I. (no. 13), Rinehart LR 

16619 (US). Mecherchar (Eil Malk): just above marine lake at 

center of island, 25 m, Canfield 733 (US). Makarakol: 

Hosokawa 9227 (A). 

Psychotria hombroniana var. hirtella (Valeton) Fosberg 

P sychotria hombroniana var. hirtella (Valeton) Fosberg, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

4529, 198O.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15275, 1979. 

Amaracarpus hirtellus Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:320, 1930.-Kanehira, Bot. 

Mag. Tokyo, 49:275, 1935.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6253, 1991. 

Amaracarpus macrophyllus Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:317-318, 1930- 

Kanehira, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 49:276, 1935; Enum. Micr. Pl., 415, 

1935.-Hosokawa, Tr. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 26:38, 1935. 
NUMBER 81 107 

Psychotria pompensis Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:224, 1940.- 

Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:96, 1952. 

Shrub, generally more or less pilose, at least young growth, 

leaves ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, hairy beneath at 

least along mid-rib, often glabrate when mature; stipules more 

or less pilose to woolly-pilose, bifid, with 2 ridges in lower 

part, united, at least lowest part; cymes filiform to capillary, 

pedunculate, once or twice branched, shorter than to subequal 

with leaves, at least somewhat pilose, quite variable in density 

of pubescence and development of cymes, also in size of 

leaves. 

Known from Palau, Truk, Ponape, and Kusaie, including the 

generally, though often sparsely, pubescent plants with bifid 

hairy stipules. Amaracarpus macrophyllus and A. kraemeri 

Valeton (p. p.) probably belong here, judging by their 

descriptions, but their types are missing and we cannot be 

certain. 

Regarded by Fosberg, 1940, as a distinct species, but it 

seems to us now only a pilose variety of P. hombroniana sensu 

lato. Specimens from Kusaie have narrower leaves than most of 

those from Ponape and the two available from Truk. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Pelew (Palau) Island: Kanehira 2475 

(PI. 

Truk: Fefan: Mt. Ibal, Hosokawa 3372 (US, A). Uman: 

Hosokawa 8483 (A). 

Ponape: Patapat, 2-300 m, Ledermann 13413 (B, lectotype); 

without locality, Kanehira 1506 (US), 1619 (US), 1671 (P, 

BISH); V., am wegnach d. Wasserfall und Schiepstand, 

Ledermann 13708 (B); Hallier 100 (US); Kolonia-Palkier, 

kan Nanpomaru, Hosokawa 9548 (BISH, US); Mt. Nanaraut, 

330 m, Hosokawa 9614 (BISH); U Distr., Mt. Seltenreh, Stone 

5416 (Guam), 5404 (Guam), 5378 (Guam); Neti, in trail to 

Lududuhniap falls, Hobdy 1609 (BISH); Matalanim, Stemmermann 3001 (BISH); between Meitik and Dolokei, Ishikawa er 

al. 443 (US). 

Kusaie: s. I., Kanehira 1442 (US); Utuwa-kyahon, Hosokawa 9363 (US); Mt. Buache, Hosokawa 6247 (A); Mwot 

Wakapp, Hosokawa 9450 (A); N ridge of Mt. Matante 

(Buache), above Tafonshak village, Fosherg 26593 (US, 

BISH). 

Psychotria hombroniana (Baillon) Fosberg 

var. hombroniana 

Uragoga hornhronrona Baillon. Adansonia, 12:333, 1879. 

Psychorria hornbronrana (Baillon) Fosberg, Phytologia, 5:291, 1955. 

Amaracarpus rotensis Hosokawa. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:35, 1935 

[non Psycholria rotensis Kanehira]. 

Shrub to 4 m tall; leaves broadly lanceolate to narrowly 

elliptic or narrowly obovate, to 10 x 3 cm, apex acuminate, base 

acute to cuneate or slightly decurrent, glabrous except sparsely 

long-pilose along midrib beneath, hairs strongly appressed to 

blade, veins 5 to 8 pairs, anastomosing near margin, spreading 

at right angles from midrib; stipules glabrous, united at base 

and to middle in some specimens, bifid into two strong 

acuminate points, dorsally with two ridges or keels part way in 

from each margin; flowers axillary, solitary or in fascicles or 

glomerules, some usually in glomerules on short (to 1-1.5 cm) 

peduncles, these filifonn to capillary; corolla white and 

strongly bearded in throat (except in Stone 5134 said by 

collector to be yellowish green and throat glabrous); fruit 

ellipsoid, pyrenes weakly or scarcely carinate. 

The variation in shape, color, and pubescence of corolla 

suggest need for further field study. Known only from the 

Marianas Islands, Guam and Rota, and only from forests on 

elevated coral limestone. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ILANDS.-Rota: Savanna, Hosokuwu 7614 (A, 

type of Amaracarpus rotensis Hosokawa). 

Guam: Ritidian Pt., near lighthouse, 160 m, Fosberg & 

Evans 46231 (US, BISH, K); 46232 (US, BISH, MO, POM, 

BM, A, PAP); 46227 (US, BISH, NY, TI, NSW); Anderson 220 

(US, BISH, POM, P, L, MO, GUAM, BRI); Ritidian Pt., trail to 

Ritidian Beach, 90 m, Anderson 223 (US, BISH, B, GUAM); 

top of cliff above Tarague Beach, 70-80 m, Fosberg 35673 

(US, BISH, POM, MO, CHR, P, ST, L); Asdonlucas, E of 

Yigo, Stone 5264 4273 (GUAM); Ritidian Pt.-Mt. Machanao 

plateau, Stone 5134 (GUAM, peduncles rather long, corolla 

yellowish green, glabrous within); Anao Mati Conservation 

Reserve, 160 m, Fosberg 36234 (US, BISH, A, B, K, CHR, TI); 

Tailalo, Moran 4578 (US); S ridge of Mt. Alifan, 280 m, 

Fosberg 35494 (US, BISH, POM, BM); “Guham, Archipel des 

Mariannes, Voy. Astrolabe et Glee,” Hombron in 1841 (P, 2 

sheets, type of Uragoga hombroniunu Baillon). 

Psychotria hombroniana var. kusaiensis 

(Kanehira) Fosberg 

Psychorria hornbroniana var. kusaiensis (Valeton) Fosberg, Smith. Cone. BOL, 

45:29, 1980; Allenonia, 6:254, 1991 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica 275, 1979. 

Amaracarpus kusaiensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:276, f.26, 1935. 

Amaracarpus kanehirae Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:35, 

1935.-Hosokawa in Yamamoto et al., Mat. for Study of Fl. Form. and 

Micr., 38, 1936. 

Large shrub, leaves thin, elliptic, lateral nerves 8 to 13 on a 

side, glabrous, shortly petiolate; stipules “rufo-hirtis” cymes 

glabrous, lax, capillary, few-flowered, flowers shortly pedicellate, floral bracts subulate, caducous; corolla tube 3 mm long, 

barbate in throat; fruit ellipsoid, notably rugose when dry, 

pyrenes strongly rugose and tricarinate. 

Probably endemic to Kusaie, though a specimen from Truk, 

Hosokawa 8409 (A), with broader ovate leaves and stipules 

slightly hairy might belong here, though more probably with 

var. squarrosa. 
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Kusaie: s. l., Kanehira 1339 (P, TAI 

isotypes); Utuwa-kyabon, Hosokawa 9363 (A); Mt. Fenkol, 

lo00 ft [300 m], Hosokawa 6373 (A); N ridge of Mt. Matante, 

above Tafonshak village, Fosberg 26596 (US, BISH, POM, 

BM, MO, A, CHR, BRI); S slope of Mt. Tafeyet, S of Lele 

Harbor, Fosberg 26666 (US, BISH, NY, P). 

Psychotria hombroniuna var. ladronica 

(Hosokawa) Fosberg 

Psychotria hombroniana var. ladronica (Hosokawa) Fosberg, Allertonia, 

Psychotria ladronica Hosokawa, Journ. SOC. Trop. Agr., 6:669, 1934 [nomen 

Amaracarpus ladronicus (Hosokawa) Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

6:255, 1991. 

nudum]; Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:38, 1935. 

Formosa, 25:269, 1935. 

Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, gradually acuminate, 

base acute, glabrous or slightly pilose along midrib beneath; 

stipules quite long and narrow, bifid with two ridges; but 

separate almost to base; cymes slender, filiform, to 7 cm, once 

or twice trichotomous, flowers pedicellate, calyx 4-dentate, 

lobes obtuse to somewhat pointed; about 1 mm high; corolla 

with tube 2.5 mm long, 4 lobes slightly longer, reflexed, throat 

bearded; drupe ovoid-ellipsoid somewhat 3-ribbed and rugose 

when dry, 6 mm long. 

Apparently endemic to Rota, resembling P. malaspinae and 

at first placed there until close examination showed typical P. 

hombroniana stipules. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-ROta: Notyon, Hosokawa 7675 (A, 

US, 2 sheets, isotypes of P. ladronica); Rota, without locality, 

Hosokawa 7585 (A); Necker R 74 (US); S of Dugi, Stone 5188 

(GUAM, US). 

Psychotria hombroniuna var. mariunnensis 

(Kanehira) Fosberg 

Psychotria hombroniana var. mariannensis (Kanehira) Fosberg, Allertonia, 

6:255, 1991. 

Amaracarpus kraemeri Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:320, 1930.-Kanehira, Bot. 

Mag. Tokyo, 49:275, 1935.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 7:201, 

1937; 38, 1936. 

AmaracarpuF mariannensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48:925, 1934; Enum. 

Fl. Micr., 415, 1935. 

Psychorria mariannensis Kanehira ex Fosberg et al., Smith. Contr. Bot., 22:41, 

1975 [sphalm.] [= Amaracarpus mariannensis Kanehira]. 

Leaves elliptic to slightly obovate-cuneate, abruptly acuminate, chartaceous; peduncle filiform, 2-3 times trichotomous, 

flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx funnelform, lobes acute; 

corolla campanulate, 3 mm long, lobed half way; drupe 5 mm 

long, longitudinally sulcate. Insufficiently known. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Alamagan: Near crater, Kanehira 

2186 (P, NY, isotypes). 

Psychotria hombroniuna var. peliliuensis Fosberg 

Psychotria hombroniana var. peliliuensis Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:255, 1991 

Apparently a shrub, notably leafy, leaves elliptic, acute, 

subcoriaceous hirsute beneath along costa and on short petiole; 

stipules notably hirsute, connate in lower part, shortly bifid 

with broad sinus; cymes greatly reduced, pedunculate, less than 

1 cm long, hirsute, 3 to 5 flowered; flowers with hypanthium 

hirsute, calyx glabrous, broadly cup-shaped, 4-dentate, teeth 

acuminate; corolla glabrous, tube 2 mm long, lobes shorter, 

oblong-ovate, recurved; anthers partly exserted. 

Differs from other varieties in thicker leaves, hirsute 

indument, shortly bifid hirsute stipules with open sinuses; and 

reduced, scarcely branched hirsute cymes. 

Known only from the type, Hosokawa 9213 (A, holotype) 

from Peleliu, next to southernmost island of the Palau 

Archipelago, a somewhat elevated limestone platform. 

Psychotria hombroniuna var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg 

Psychotria hombroniana var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

45:29, 1980; Allertonia, 6:256, 1991 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:275, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 41, 1980. 

Amaracarpus carolinensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:318,1930.-Kanehira, Bot. 

Mag. Tokyo, 49:274, 1936.-Hosokawa in Yamamoto et al., Mat. for Study 

of Fl. Form. and Micr., 38, 1936. 

Amaracarpus carolinensis var. squarrosa Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:319, 

1930.-Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:275, 1935.-Hosokawa in Yamamoto et al., Mat. for Study of Fl. Form. and Micr., 38, 1936; Bull. Biogeogr. 

SOC. Jap., 7:201, 1937. 

Psychotria carolinensis (Valeton) Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:224, 

1940.-Riesenberg, Southw. Journ Anthro., 4:427, 1948.--Glassman, Bish. 

Mus. Bull., 209:95, 1952. 

Amaracarpus heteropoides Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:320, 1930. 

Shrub, glabrous or almost so, leaves elliptic, acuminate, thin 

to “subcoriaceous,” venation not conspicuous, glabrous or with 

rather long hairs along costa beneath, at right angle to costa and 

appressed to blade; stipules sheathing below, deeply bifid, 

glabrous or almost so, with 2 longitudinal ridges; cymes 

filiform or capillary, usually once or twice trichotomous, rarely 

with also sessile or compact glomerules at base in mils (A. 

heteropoides), flowers sessile or subsessile at tips of branchlets 

of cyme, solitary or in very few-flowered clusters; fruit 

ellipsoid, when dry weakly costate and rugulose, crowned by 

persistent dentate calyx cup. Plants answering this description are known from Palau, Truk, Ponape, and Kusaie, but 

showing some variation that may be significant. These have 

been ascribed to 3 species, but the types of all but one are lost. 

It seems impossible with material available to sort out 

populations, or to attach the available epithets to actual 
NUMBER 81 109 

specimens. So, tentatively all are grouped under the earliest 

varietal epithet available, var. squarrosa, which I earlier 

transferred to P. homhroniana. 

VERNACULAR NAMESkisikitumai (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

nide (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

ke mpenial (Ponape: Riesenherg 35, 36,427) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLlNE ISLANDS.-Palau: Koror: Ledermann 14099 (B, 

isotype, lectotype of Amaracarpus carolinensis Valeton). 

Peleliu: Hosokawa 9213 (BISH). Angaur: Takamatsu 1801 

(BISH). 

Truk: Moen (Wono, Harushima, Wara): s. l., Falanruw 3499 

(US); Takamatsu 192 (BISH); Pelzer 37 (US, BISH, K); 36 

(US, BISH); Mt. Trokken, Hosokawa 8409 (A, BISH); Melot, 

Hosokawa 8348 (US). Trowasi (Dublon): Hosokawa 851 1 (A, 

BISH). Tol: Mt. lhmutal (Winiboet, Uinibopoet, Uriribot), 

summit, 460 m, Fosherg 24460 (US, BISH, POM, P, MO, S); 

Hosokawa 246 (US, A); 8276 (A). 

Ponape: s. l., Ledermann 1356.5~ (B); Kanehira 1506 

(BISH); Riesenherg 35 (BISH), 36 (BISH); dem Weg nach der 

Wasserfall in Schiepstand, Hullier 100 (HBG, US); Matalanim, 

Sternmermann 3001 (BISH); East-facing wall of Awak Valley, 

Sternmermann & Haun 6502 (BISH); Mt. Sankakusan, Hosokawa 5506 ( (BISH); Filenkiup River, near Nanpil, Glassman 2873 (BISH); vicinity of Ronkiti, 200 ft [60 m], Glassman 

2468 (BISH); Arapeng-pa, Takamatsu 742 (BISH). Param: 

Takamatsu 638 (BISH). 

Kusaie: Utuwa-kyahon, Hosokawa 9363 (BISH); Mt. Faming, Takamatsu 500 (BISH); Kanehira 1339 (BISH, P); 

Mwot Wakapp, Hosokawa 9450 (BISH). 

Psychotria hosokawae Fosberg 

Psychotria hosokawae Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:257, 1991. 

Woody plant, glabrous, terete or slightly squarish when very 

young, 1-3 cm long, nodes not significantly enlarged; leaf 

blades oblanceolate, to 19 x 5 cm, sharply acuminate, base 

cuneate, main veins 12 to 14 on a side, visible but scarcely 

prominent, arching upward, anastomosing very close to 

margins, petiole slender 2-3.5 cm long; stipules caducous, a 

dense row of multicellular hairs in their axils, stipules not 

available except for an obscure and much reduced pair on a tiny 

branchlet at the terminal node, apparently calyptrate, 8 mm 

long, with two flat appendages at apex; inflorescence a cluster 

of 5 once- or twice-branched small cymes about 2 cm long at 

terminal node, in bud only, pedicels strongly ascending; calyx 

spreading, rotate, scarcely lobed but margin strongly crispateundulate; corolla buds about 1 mm long, 1.5 mm thick, limb 

broadly ovoid, to about 2 mm long and wide, apex obtuse to 

broadly rounded or subtruncate, lobes not yet started to open, 

ovate to oblong; fruit unavailable. 

This species known only from its type, from Kusaie, seems 

related, by the form of its inflorescence and stipules, to 

Psychotria cheathamii from Palau. Its habit, leaf-shape, and 

size of its parts set it off from that species. The type specimen 

lacks open flowers and fruits, so its characterization is 

incomplete. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Kusaie: Inrare, Hosokawa 8775 (A, 

holotype). 

Psychotria kanehirae Merrill 

Psychotria kanehirae Memll in Kanehira, Dainippon Sanrin Kaiho, 401:56,58, 

15 Apr 1916; Trans, Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 6:43,1916.-Fosberg, Sachef 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 

42, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:268, 1991. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Kanehira 37 (specimen not 

seen). Published in Japanese. Plant not identified. 

Psychotria lasianthoides Valeton 

Psychotria lasianrhoides Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:314-315, 1930.-Kanehira, 

Enum. Micr. PI., 423, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:225, 1940; 

Allertonia, 6:257, 199l.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:95, 1952.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979. 

Shrubby tree or shrub (originally described as “Herba”), 

generally, except upper leaf surface, dark brown woollyhirsute, internodes 1.5-5 cm; leaves lanceolate, to 16 x 3 cm, 

prominently acuminate, base acute, somewhat decurrent on 

petiole, nerves 10 to 14 on a side, strongly ascending, upper 

surface glabrous, lower hirsute especially on nerves, petiole 

10- 15 mm; stipules prominently sheathing-cylindric, 1-1.5 

cm long lacerate above into a number of lanceolate-caudate 

segments, these irregularly pectinately-bristly-ciliate, persistent but gradually weathering off; inflorescences axillary 

capitula or compound capitula, involucrate with complicated 

deeply lacerate bristly-woolly bracts; calyx prominent, deeply 

cut into lanceolate woolly lobes, corolla; and other flower parts 

not seen, corolla said to be red; fruit about 6 x 2.5 mm, 

subcylindric, strongly ribbed when dry, crowned with persistent calyx, described when fresh as red, fuzzy or with white 

hairs. 

A strikingly distinct species not close to any other 

Micronesian species. Endemic to Ponape, so far as known, 

mostly inhabiting high wet mountain ridges. Perhaps related to 

P. guifloveana Baillon of New Guinea. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Ponape: Paue, BOO m, Dec 1913, 
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Ledermann 13798 (B, lectotype, US, isotype); Mt. Asama-san, 

500-200 m, Hosokawa 9607 (A, BISH); Kanehira 1476 

(BISH, P), 1560 (US); U District, Mt. Seltenreh, Stone 5425 

(US, GUAM); Kuporujo, Takamatsu 672 (BM, BISH); s. l., 

Lederrnann 13414 (B); near summit of Mt. Nanalaut, 2300 ft 

[700 m], Stone 2006(GUAM). 

Psychotria leptothyrsa Miquel 

Psychofria leptofhyrsa Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd., 4:208, 1868.-Fosberg, 

Allertonia, 6:258, 1991. 

Shrub or small tree to 6 m tall, glabrous; leaves narrowly to, 

rarely, very broadly elliptic, 5-25 x 1-15 cm, acuminate to 

rarely acute or rounded at apex, base acute to decurrentcontracted, thin, usually drying light green, secondary veins (5) 

8 to 12 on a side, lesser veins and network inconspicuous to 

obscure, petiole 1.5 or less to 4.0 (-5.0) cm long; stipules 

forming a low scarious collar with a mucro on each side, very 

early caducous, scar tending to enlarge and become corky, a 

row of hairs or colleters in axil; inflorescence thyrsoid, terminal 

or axillary, from very long and lax to variously reduced, even 

to a single (surviving) flower or fruit, branches opposite or 

whorled, distally often irregularly branched, with minute 

subulate or triangular caducous bracts, flowers pedicellate; 

calyx broadly cup-shaped to flaring, subentire to obscurely 

lobed or denticulate, thin; apparently heterostylous but shortstyled greatly predominant at least in Micronesian specimens, 

corolla tubular, tube (2-) 4-8 mm long, not or slightly 

ampliate upward, visibly veined, pilose within especially in 

throat, lobes shorter about 2 mm long, ovate, apex of bud 

rounded to subtruncate; anthers broadly linear, usually exserted 

from tube, rarely included; style deeply bifid, shorter than 

corolla tube or, rarely, exceeding it, disk prominent, rounded; 

drupe ovoid to globose, or obovoid, sulcate when dry, obtuse or 

rounded to truncate; pyrenes sharply 3-carinate; seed with 

homogeneous endosperm, not at all ruminate. 

One of the most plastic of species, varying in practically 

every character, even within the varieties, extremes scarcely 

seeming to belong to the same species. Probably separable into 

many geographical varieties, but very few non-Micronesian 

specimens available to us. Three discernible varieties in the 

central and western Caroline Islands, one in Palau, one in Yap, 

one in Truk, these overlapping in most characters. The 

geographic range of the species is Indonesia and Philippines to 

New Guinea and Caroline Islands, and probably still wider; 

originally described from the Moluccas. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Psychotria leptothyrsa 

1. 

1. 

Fruits 6-7 mm long, slightly obovoid . . . var. yapensis 

Fruits mostly 10-13 mm long, slightly ovate or tapering 

distally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

2. Apex of fruit rounded when dry . . var. leptothyrsoides 

2. Apex of fruit nearly truncate and apical part slightly 

sulcate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . var. longicarpa 

Psychotria leptothyrsa Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., 

4-200, 1868 var. leptothyrsa not known from Micronesia. 

Psychotria leptothyrsa var. leptothyrsoides 

(Kanehira) Fosberg 

Psychotria lepfothyrsa var. leptothyrsoides (Kanehira) Fosberg, Allertonia, 

6:259,1991. 

Psychotria leprorhyrsoides Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:355, 1935; Enum. 

Micr. PI., 423, 1935.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Jap., 7:201, 

1937.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:225, 194O.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979. 

Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall; leaves elliptic or 

oblong-elliptic, 10-20 or up to 30 cm long, strongly acuminate, 

membranous, 8 to 14 veins on a side; stipules triangular, 

long-acuminate, acumen more or less bifid, inner surface 

pilose; inflorescence tending to be large, branches whorled, 

flowers more or less umbellate; fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, distal half 

tapering somewhat to a rounded or obtuse apex. 

Differing notably in its stipules, triangular, not low 

collar-like, but which as in other varieties, are very early 

caducous, and in the shape of its fruit, which is not notably 

truncate. Apparently endemic to To1 Island, Truk, found only 

on summit and upper slopes of its highest peak. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Truk: Tol: Mt. Tumuital (Uiniboet), 

top of mountain, 460 m, Fosberg 24458 (US), 24456, (US, 

BISH); Mt. Tumuital, upper slopes, 200-460 m, Fosberg 

24466 (US, BISH, MO, NY), 24446, (US, BISH); lower E 

slope of Mt. Tumuital above Fasan village, 0-250 m, Fosberg 

24471 (US, BISH, K, MO); Kanehira 1279 (BISH, syntype, 

lectotye); Ururibot, Hosokawa 8256 (BISH, A), 8272 (BISH, 

A, US); Suiyoto (Tol), Takamatsu 12 (BISH); volcanic soil, 

1400 ft [426 m], Wang 268 (BISH, US), 1340 ft [408 m], 275 

(BISH, US); summit, 1400 ft [426 m], Stone 5356 (US), 5348 

(US, GUAM). 

Psychotria leptothyrsa var. longicarpa Valeton 

Psychotria leptofhyrsa var. longicarpa Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:315, 1930.- 

Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 423, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

15:225, 1940; Allertonia, 6:259, 1991.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:276, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980. 

Psychofria fubifora Hosokawa Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 32:19, 

1942.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:277, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980. 

Shrub or small tree, entirely glabrous, leaves elliptic to 

oblong, to 20 x 8 cm, apex acuminate, base acute, 8-10 

principal veins on a side, domatia none, petiole rather slender, 

2-3 cm long, stipules low-triangular, united into a very low 
NUMBER 81 111 

collar, shortly mucronate; inflorescence a terminal, rarely 

axillary, very lax slender thyrse, branches in whorls of 2 to 4, 

each branch ramifying again or ending in a cluster of several 

flowers, entire thyrse up to 7 cm long in flower, to 10 cm in 

fruit, possibly dioecious, more likely heterostylous; fruit ovoid, 

fleshy, red when mature, 12-13 x 7-8 mm, scarcely, if at all 

compressed, distally somewhat sulcate and slightly tapering 

when dry, apex notably truncate; pyrenes with inner face flat, 

ovate, about 12 x 6.5 mm, convex face with 3 ridges, these 

rugose, apex obtuse to rounded, base broadly acute, slightly 

mucronate. 

Endemic to Palau western Carolines in edges and undergrowth of forest. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Kanehira 2313 (K, P); Garusamao (island not indicated), Takarnatsu 1568 (US). Babeldaob: 

s. I., Dutton 65 (US, BISH, NY); Lederrnann 14247 (B); s. I., 

50-300 m, Lederrnann 14357 (B, US); 14359 (B, US); 

Ngardok, Tuyama 9332 (GUAM); S central, E coast, S of Mt. 

Yekigaroto, 130 m, Fosherg 47685 (US, BISH, POM, MO, 

BM, P, CHR, GUAM); 4768% (US), 47685b (US), 47688 (US, 

BISH, MO, K, POM); E coast, hills above Melekiok, 30-60 m, 

Fosherg 32522 (US, BISH, POM, NSW, K, P, MO, A); 

Aimirik, Kanehira 2329 (US), 1959 (US); 500 m, Stone 1326-A 

(BISH); Arurukouku-Zanfomenshirriu (Mt.), Hosokawa 7489 

(BISH); Mt. Sul near Ngarsul, 100-150 m, Hosokawa 9809 

(BISH, US, 2 sheets, isotypes of P. tubifora Hosokawa). 

Koror: 10- 100 m, Lederrnann 14230 (B, syntypeflectotype); 

Kanehira 458 (NY). Aulupse’el (as Aurapushakaru): Stone & 

Sahine 4549 (US, GUAM). Ngerenchol: Lee Marvin Beach, 5 

m, Canfeld 460 (US). Urukthapel: SW peninsula of Urukthapel Island, around lake at base of small peninsula on N coast, 

Fosberg 32189A (US); 32206 (US, BISH, POM, MO, K, S, 

NY, NSW, CHR); Ngchus, Ankosu Pt., 100 m, Canfield 469 

(US). Mecherchar (Eil Malk): 25 m, Canfeld 732, 734,735 (all 

US). 

Psychotria leptothyrsa var. yapensis Fosberg 

Psychotria leprothyrsa var. yapensis Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:260, 1991. 

Shrub, leaves small to medium, not or seldom, more than 15 

x 5 cm, varying to elliptic lanceolate, 5 to 8 veins on a side, 

thyrses loose even when small, mostly about 4 or less rarely to 

10 cm; flowers with corollas 3-5 mm long; fruits small, 6-7 x 

5-6 mm, broadly obovoid+up-shaped, truncate distally. 

So far as known endemic to Yap, probably all Yap plants of 

P. leptothyrsa belong here. In fruit size (and shape) this variety 

seems closest to var. leptothyrsa, but the small flowers and 

small, few-flowered thyrses, as well as the smaller leaves with 

fewer veins, seem to justify separation. More collections with 

special attention to flower size and to whether flowers are 

heterostylous are very much needed. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Gaanpan village, Dalipepinbau, 

in understory in wooded ravine, 8 Aug 1980, Fosberg 60099 

(US, holotype, BISH, POM, MO, BM, P, BRI, TI, A, NSW, 

isotypes); Balabat, Takarnatsu 1862 (US, BISH); Takiol 

Takarnatsu 1848 (BISH), 1848a (BISH); near Garguei, 70 m, 

Cushing 404 (US) (flowers very short); Mt. Dabiol, Hosokawa 

877 (A) (flowers very short). 

Psychotria lineohaka Merrill 

Psychorria lineolata Merrill, Craib, Kew Bull, 480, 1932.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 

42, 1980. 

Misidentification on a sheet of Psychotria palauensis 

Hosokawa. 

Psychotria malaspinae Merrill 

Psychotria mulaspinae Merrill, Phil. J. Sci., Bot., 34B:149, 1914.-Kanehira, 

Amaracarpus malaspinae (Memll) Kanehira. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 50:607, 1936. 

Psychorria hombroniana var. mulaspinue (Memll) Fosberg, Smith. Cont. BoL 

45:29, 1980.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:275, 1979. 

Psychorria hombronianu sensu Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. 

Bot., 22:41, 1975 [non (Baillon) Fosberg]. 

Shrub or small tree, glabrous or almost so, branches cylindric 

dark gray or gray-brown to light gray, branchlets slender, 

lowest internode of branchlet to as much as 8 cm long, distally 

progressively much shorter; leaves tending to be crowded at 

ends of branchlets, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, obovate to 

elliptic, shortly acuminate, 6-10 (-12) x (2-) 3-4 (-5) cm, 

usually narrower, base cuneate or acutely contracted, nerves 6 

to 12 on a side, not prominent, petiole rather slender, 1-2.5 cm 

long, stipules connate, forming a fusiform calyptra enclosing 

terminal bud and primordia, opening down one side and 

caducous, apex with 2 or 4 short aristate appendages (lost from 

most specimens), not carinate or plicate, glabrous; cymes in 

upper axils, trichotomous or rarely twice trichotomous, slender 

or almost filiform, flowers subsessile, in triads ending 

cyme-branches; calyx rather turbinate minutely 4-denticulate; 

corolla with 4 lobes almost as long as or longer than tube, throat 

bearded; drupe red, to 6-8 mm long, pyrenes more or less 

tricarinate, rugose. 

A member of the widespread Pacific group of Psychotria, 

characterized by the terminal buds and inflorescence primordia 

enclosed by calyptrate caducous stipules. It seems indeed 

related to P. arhuscula Volkens of Yap, as stated by Memll, 

but not so close to P. viridiJlora, or P. insularis. However, it is 

closer to P. hornbroniana (Baillon) Fosberg, where we had 

placed it as a variety, until we had studied closely the stipular 

arrangement. The calyptrate stipules, as contrasted with the 

sheathing, strongly bifid ones of P. hombronianu, seem ample 

reason for maintaining P. rnalaspinae as a separate species. 

Enum. Micr. PI., 423, 1935.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:260, 1991. 
112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Known only from Guam. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: Lepi Road, McGregor 559, 

(US, isotype, designated lectotype, as holotype was destroyed 

in the burning of the Manila Herbarium); W of Mt. Santa Rosa, 

Anderson (US, BISH, POM, BM, MO); hills near Sagua River, 

due west of Mt. Lamlam, 100 m, Stone 4191 (US, BISH, 

GUAM), 4389 (GUAM, US); Upi, 175 m, Bryan 1266 (US, 

BISH, K); Asinan, Costenoble 1181 (US). 

Psychotria mariuna Bartling ex de Candolle 

Psychorria marianu Bartling ex de Candolle, Prod., 4:522, 1830.-Safford, 

Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 9:362, 1905.-Prowazek, Die deutschen Marianen, 

ihre Natur und Geschichte, 120, 1913.-Memll, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 

9:148, 1914.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:315, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 

371, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 423-424, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, 

635-557, 1971.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

22:41, 1975.-Moore and McMakin, Plants of Guam, 42, 1979.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:261, 

1991. 

Psychofria rotundifoh Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:3 16, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. PI., 424, 1935. 

Psychofria guudichuudii Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48:926, 1934: Enum. 

Micr. PI., 423, 1935. 

Shrub or small tree, glabrous, internodes on flowering 

branchlets very short; leaves 8-10 (-14) x 4-6 (-7) cm, thinly 

coriaceous, usually showing a rose or purplish tinge when 

dried, obovate to elliptic, obtuse to bluntly acute or broadly 

short acuminate, main veins 7 or 8 on a side, blade narrowed to 

a short petiole; stipules ovate, flat in middle of dorsal side, 

slightly carinate distally, connate in lower third or half, early 

caducous, axils stiffly hirsute; cymes terminal, pedunculate, 

trichotomous, subthyrsoid, widely branching about 5 times or 

less, stiff, hemispherical to corymbifonn when well developed, 

a pair of scale-like bracts at each articulation; hypanthium 

glabrous, calyx limb prominent funnelform or slightly campanulate, from essentially truncate to shallowly crenate or 

obtusely lobed, splitting tardily into irregularly ovate lobes, 

persistent on fruit; corolla hypocrateriform, tube cylindric, up 

to 6 mm long, lobes 5, oblong, reflexed, throat densely barbate; 

anthers exserted, at least partially, erect; style well exserted, 

glabrous, stigma fusiform, tip bifid; fruit subglobose, red, 

fleshy, crowned with prominent cup-like calyx, pyrenes 2, 

inner face flat, outer strongly convex, with no trace of ribs; seed 

with endosperm deeply ruminate. 

This species is perplexingly variable in a number of 

characters, e.g., leaf size, outline, and apex. length of petiole, 

size, shape and degree of branching of the inflorescence, lobing 

of calyx, etc., but there is no correlation between these 

variations or in their geographic localization. Until quantitative 

field studies are done there seems no basis for separation into 

infraspecific taxa. Psychotria gaudichaudii Kanehira was 

based on material from Sarigan and Rota. It does not seem to 

differ significantly, though there seems to be a tendency toward 

narrower, more acute leaves northward in the Marianas, but this 

is too vague to merit any nomenclatural recognition. Psychotria 

rotundifolia Valeton was likewise based on Sarigan material, 

but this is described as having leaves very broad, almost 

suborbicular. It seems to represent the opposite extreme in the 

variation in this species. If these were recognized as taxa, the 

results would be that in some cases two taxa would be found on 

the same plant. 

The form of the stipules, the nature of the inflorescences, and 

especially the notably ruminate endosperm place this species in 

the subgenus Grumilea, well developed farther west. 

USES.-The wood is durable and is used in construction of 

houses (Guam: Safford, 1905). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

aphliloghating (Marianas: Prowazek) 

aplikating (Alamagan: Anderson 403) 

aplikaking (Pagan: Anderson 505) 

aplocating (Rota: Stone 5192) 

ajagao (Guam: Whiting 325) 

ajgao (Guam: Marche 184) 

aploc-hating (Guam: Nelson 158) 

aploc-jatin, aploghatin (Guam: Safford and Seale 1023) 

aploghating, aplokhating (Guam: Whiting 32, Cosrenoble 

aplokhating (Guam: Whiting 325) 

sumac (Guam: Seale in 1900; this name applies to Aidia also?) 

11 78, Safford, 1905) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-+. l., Haenke (G, type); Gaudichaud 

s. n., Herb. Poiret (P). 

Agrigan: Marche 292 (P); canyon on E side of island, 

Fosberg 31632 (US, BISH, POM); trail around S side of island, 

10-20 m, Fosberg 31615 (US, 2 sheets, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

midwest coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanruw 2333 (US, BISH). 

Pagan: Kanehira 2205 (NY); Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, 

Fosberg 31370 (US, BISH, POM), 31377 (US); Anderson 505 

(US, BISH, POM, NY); 150 ft [45 m], Bonham 9 (US, BISH); 

Caldera Wall, Moore 327 (US, GUAM); Tulagi beach, Moore 

337 (US, GUAM); road to Inae Dikiki or Togari Rock area, 

below 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 1856 (US); trail to Talague 

beach, below 150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 1871a (US); base of old 

caldera wall, SW of village, below 100 m, Falanruw 3000 

(US), 3001 (US); W side of Fresh Water Lake, Falanruw 3254 

(US). 

Alamagan: Asongsong, 100 ft [30 m], Kondo llb (BISH); 

200 m, Anderson 403 (US, BISH, POM), 420 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY); SSW coast, 350 ft [110 m], Falanruw 1891 (US); 

250 ft [75 m], Falanruw 1875 (US); around Partido village, 

Fosberg 31664 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Kanehira 2194 

(NY). 

Sarigan: NW coast, near anchorage, 325 ft [lo0 m], 

Falanruw 1744 (US, BISH); above village, 150-250 m, Evans 
NUMBER 81 113 

2391 (US, 2 sheets, BISH, POM, NY); near village, 10-100 m, 

Evans 2340 (US, 2 sheets, BISH, POM, NY); Kanehira 2159 

(NY). 

Anatahan: Trail from W anchorage, toward cliff edge, 

Raulerson 1480 (US). 

Saipan: Mt. Tapotchau, 900 ft [275 m], Hosaka 2896 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L, P); Laderan i Agaga, 200 m, Stone 5222 

(GUAM); Kanehira 2226 (P); Lunge 3 (BISH), 26 (BISH); 

Kanehira 884 (BISH); Hosokawa 6592 (BISH), 9322 (BISH); 

around Partido village, Fosberg 31632 (US, BISH, POM); 

Kannat Laulau, above Magicienne Bay, 75 m, Fosberg 31269 

(US, BISH, POM, L, NY); base of cliff, N of Mt. Marpi, N end 

of island, Fosberg 25225 (US, BISH, POM); ridge just S of Mt. 

Tapotchau, 220 m, Fosberg 251 76 (US, BISH, POM, A, MO, 

BM, B). 

Tinian: Dry cliff, Cowan s. n. in 1945 (BISH); Hosokawa 

7698 (BISH, A); Kondo 56 (BISH); S end, S plateau, Kondo 47 

(BISH), Kondo 48a (BISH); Mt. Lasso, 500 ft [ 150 m], Hosaka 

2800 (US), 2826 (US, BISH, POM, NY); N end, 15 ft [3.5 m], 

Hosaka 2842 (US, BISH, POM); Kanehira 2271 (NY), 2270 

(US), 2263 (US); W of As Mahalang, 5 mi [8 km] N of San Jose 

village, Fosberg 59894 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); W part of 

Caroline area, 100 m, Herbst & Falanruw 6832 (US); edge of 

Hagoi, 10 m, Herbst & Falanruw 6848 (US); W coast of N half 

of island, “Palm Beach” 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Faibres (San Hilo) 

Pt., top of cliff, Fosberg 24871 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Tinian 

(former town), SW coast of I., 3-30 m, Fosberg 24757 (US, 

BISH, POM, MO, UC, L, BRI); S end of Masalog Ridge, E side 

of island, 100 m, Fosberg 24747 (US, BISH, POM, BM, P, 

PAP, MO, NSW); above Carolinas (Lalo) Pt., S end of island, 

80 m, Fosberg 24721 (US, BISH, POM, P, NY, CHR); W of As 

Malialong, 5 mi [8 km] N of San Jose village, Fosberg 59894 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Agiguan: SW part, 100 ft [30 m], Kondo VZIZ (BISH); Kondo 

in 1952 (BISH, 3 sheets); W Pt., 200 ft [60 m], Kondo s. n. in 

1952 (BISH). 

Rota: Hosokawa 7575 (A, BISH); Sabana, Hosokawa 7551 

(A, BISH); Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); Beach Rd., Kondo s. n. 

in 1952 (BISH, 2 sheets); Kanehira 1752 (P, NY, K); S of 

Dugi, Stone 5192 (GUAM, US); road to Haofna, S side of 

island, 50- 150 m, Sachet 1745 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); base 

of Taipingot, Isthmus, 20-30 m, Sachet 1789 (US, BISH); road 

SE of Songsong, around Sasan Bay, 10-30 m, Sachet 1767 

(US, BISH); Kanehira 1755 (US); Necker R107 (US), R79 

(US), R67 (US); Sabana, old Japanese phosphate washings, 400 

m, Evans 2230 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Rota (Sonson) and 

vicinity, ruined town site, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24661 (US, BISH); 

road along S side, between Songsong village and Atatsu Bay, 

5-100 m, Evans 1946 (US, BISH, POM, F, IC, MO, BM), 

1938 (US, BISH, POM, NY); track from Mackay Beach along 

shore to Mochom Beach, 5-10 m, Evans 2153 (US, POM, 

BISH, MO, K, CHR, STD, A, P); track between airstrip and N 

most part of I., Evans 21 70 (US, BISH, POM, BRI). 

Guam: Memll, 1914:148; Pagat Pt., E side of island, 

100-150 m, Sachet 1697 (US, BISH, POM); Alupat I., 

Anderson 189 (US, BISH, POM); Ritidian Pt., Anderson 198 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Lafac Pt., Anderson 105 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY, L); vicinity of Agana, Anderson 175 (US, BISH, 

POM); Asan Pt., 20 m, Anderson 31 (US, BISH, POM, L); 

Tarague Beach, 12 m, Anderson 241 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Ritidian Pt., 400 ft [120 m], Hosaka 3110 (US); Pago Bay, 50 

m, Fosberg 35646 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Uruno Pt., Moran 

4506 (US, UC, POM); S of Tarague Bay, Moran 4573 (UC, 

US, POM); s. l., Marche 184 (P, POM); s. l., Whiting 325 (US, 

BISH, POM); Orote Pt., 60 m, Bryan 1092 (US, BISH); 

Talofofo, 160 m, Bryan 1278 (US, BISH); s. l., s. coll. (BISH); 

s. l., Nelson 561 (BISH), Pega River, Nelson 254 (BISH, US, 

P); s. l., McGregor 526 (US, BISH); s. l., Nelson 158 (BISH), 

152 (BISH); s. l., G.E.S. 36 (US, BISH); Agana, Seale s. n. in 

1900 (BISH); Bamgada Hill, Stone 3809 (US, GUAM); 

Asdonlucas, near Yigo, Stone 4737 (BISH, GUAM); Inarajan 

Distr., falls of the N branch of the Inarajan River, Stone 5051 

(GUAM); Manengon, Cotal Conservation area, Tarzan River 

area, Stone 5136 (US, GUAM); Ritidian Pt., 160 m, Fosberg & 

Evans 46233 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Pati Pt., Andersen AFB, 

Fosberg 59954 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Andersen AFB, cliff 

edge, P.H. Moore 582 (GUAM); Oca Pt., Glassman 67 (US); 

Cabras I., N end, 15 m, Evans 1774 (US, BISH, POM, F, L); 

between Tarague Beach and Pajon Pt., 0-50 m, Evans 1628 

(US, BISH, POM, MO, K, N) W of Barrigada Hill, Stone 4039 

(GUAM); Pagat, Cushing 165 (GUAM); Cushing-Falanruw 

875 (US); P.H. Moore 57 (GUAM), 144 (GUAM); Haputo Pt., 

P.H. Moore 465 (GUAM, US); edge of savannah, near Sigua 

River, Rodin 670 (US); 5 mi [8 km] S of Yona, G.C. Moore 290 

(US); Asanite Bay, Talofofo, on cliff, 25 m, Evans 1875 (US, 

BISH, POM, MO, SYD, L, K, CHR, A); Lates Pt conservation 

area, 60-90 m, Evans 1826 (US, BISH, POM, F, B, MO, CHR, 

A, L, BRI, UC, TI); between Canpanaya Pt. and Guae, 5-20 m, 

Evans 271 (US, BISH, POM, BRI, CHR, NY, BM, P, MO); 

cliff N of Agaiia Bay, Rodin 712 (US); N end of Tumon Bay, 

G.C. Moore 386 (US); Pati Pt., near cliff, 160 m, Necker 355 

(US); Agaiia, Safford & Seale 1023 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Fais: Plateau, 15 m, Fosberg 46704 

(US), sterile, identification doubtful. 

Psychotria merrillii Kanehira 

Psychotria merrillii Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:674, 1932; Fl. Micr., 371, 

1933.4lassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:95-96, 1952.-Fosberg, Sachet, 

and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1976.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:262, 1991. 

Pkctronia obovata Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:311, 1930 [non Psychorria obovuru 

Ruiz and Pavon, Fl. Per., 258, 1799, nor Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 

2:50, 18811. 

Canthiurn valeronii Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:761.1932; Enum. Micr. PI., 

416, 1935. 

Shrubs 4-5 m tall, also suffruticose or herbaceous, glabrous 

or thinly appressed puberulent; leaves obovate, bluntly short 

acuminate, base cuneate, varying from 5 or less to 15 (17) cm 
114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

long, up to 7.5 cm wide, material with larger leaves seen, 

including that described as Plectronia polyneura, and at least 

part of syntype material of Pyschotria merrillii, glabrous or 

sparsely puberulent or hirtellous, especially along the nerves 

beneath, nerves prominent, 8 to 10 (16) on a side, petioles 

1-2.5 (-3.0) cm; stipules calyptrate, to at least 13 mm long, 

early caducous with expansion of inflorescence, with 2 free 

mucronate terminal appendages; flowers in 6- to 12-flowered 

fascicles terminal becoming pseudoaxillary, pedicels (very 

rarely branched ?) slender, glabrous or puberulent, up to 10 

(rarely 18) mm, long hypanthium glabrous or hirtellous, calyx 

widely spreading saucer-shaped, even in bud, with 5 very short 

subulate teeth; corolla white, in bud with rounded apex, at 

anthesis tube 1.5-3.5 mm long, bearded in throat, 5 lobes 

ovate, 2.5-4.5 mm, with a thick hook-like appendage inside 

apex; disk prominent, entire, flat-topped; style glabrous, 

apparently subequal with corolla-tube; drupe red when mature, 

narrowly ovoid, about 5-6 (-10) mm long, pyrenes apparently 

tricarinate dorsally, glabrous or pubescent. 

This is a typical member of the widespread Pacific group of 

Psychotria, characterized by calyptrate stipules usually appendaged at summit, and early caducous. Apparently endemic 

to Ponape. 

This species seems quite uniform in leaf shape, stipules, 

inflorescence, flowers and fruit, except for variation in leaf size. 

The distribution of puberulence, however, is variable. Some 

specimens (nos. 9521,5592, 8203,5973,13790,13274,2352, 

13790) are quite glabrous. Others (nos. 2010, 13829) have 

puberulence along the midrib on the under sides of leaves. Still 

others (nos. 13689, 1618, 2501, 26425) have the leaves 

puberulent beneath, especially along midrib, and the hypanthium, sometimes the pedicels, and the fruit notably hirtellous. 

These variations all seem to occur together on the mountain 

tops and ridges. The one designated here as lectotype of 

Plectronia obovata Valeton, Ledermann 13790 (B) is glabrous. 

The specimen described by Valeton as Plectronia polyneura, 

Ledermann 13814, we have not seen, but from a photo, appears 

to represent a separate taxon. It is maintained here as a variety 

and is discussed below. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-kampaniel (Ponape: Stone 2010). 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Psychotria mem'llii 

Leaf-veins 8 to 10 (12) on a side . . . . . . . . var. merrillii 

Leaf-veins about 16 on a side . . . . . . . . . var. polyneura 

Psychotria mem'llii Kanehira var. mem'llii 

Lateral nerves on leaves 8 to 10 (12) on a side. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: Tolun Nanket, mountain 

above Nanpil, drainage of Tawenjokola River, Not Distr. above 

power plant, 600 m, Fosberg 26425 (US, BISH, POM); Mt. 

Poaipoai, 2100 ft [640 m], Glassman 2501 (US, BISH); Mt. 

Niinioanii, 700 m, Hosokawa 9521 (BISH, A), 5592 (A); Mt. 

Nanaraut, Hosokawa 8203 (BISH, A, GUAM), 5943 (BISH); 

Mt. Nanaraut, Nampil, Hosokawa 601 7 (BISH), 5945 (BISH); 

Stone 2010 (GUAM, BISH); Kanehira 1618 (BISH, P, US, 

isosyntypes); Glassman 2352 (US); Patapat am To], 100-200 

m, Ledermann 13274 (B syntype of Plectronia obovata); 

Station Paue, 600-800 m, Ledermann 13790 (B, lectotype of 

Plectronia obovata Val.), 13689 (B), 13829 (B, syntypes of 

Plectronia obovata). 

Psychotria mem'llii var. polyneura (Valeton) 

Fosberg &i Sachet 

P sychotria merrillii var. polyneura (Valeton) Fosberg & Sachet, Allertonia, 

6:264, 1991. 

Plectronia polyneura Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:309, 1930 [non Psychofria 

polyneura Kurz, Journ. Bot., 8:327, 18751. 

Canthium polyneurum Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:672, 1932: 49:274-275, 

photo 3, 1935; Enurn, Micr. Pl., 416, 1935 [non Psychotria polyneurum 

Kurz, Journ. Bot., 8:327, 18751. 

Leaves elliptic to somewhat obovate, 15-17 x 7-7.5 cm, 

petioles 20-30 cm, pedicels many in fascicles in uppermost 

axils, rufo-villosulous, 5- 10 mm, hypanthia villosulous; calyx 

glabrous, teeth acute, corolla about 4 mm long, velutinous 

within at base. 

This has been considered synonymous with Psychotria 

merrillii by Kanehira and by Fosberg, neither of whom had 

seen the type, Ledermann 13814, which was probably 

destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium. However, a 

photo of this specimen was published by Kanehira in 1935 

(photo 3). This, while not too well reproduced, shows a plant 

that has larger leaves with more veins than the plant described 

as Plectronia obovata Valeton. Valeton gives k16 for 

Plectronia polyneura. Valeton's description of P. obovata 

gives the number of veins as 10 to 12 on a side, and Kanehira, 

for Psychotria merrillii, gives 8 to 10, to 11 in his fig. 197, 

1933. Material available to us has, with two exceptions, 8 to 10 

veins on a side. The exceptions are Stone 2010, with 8 to 12, 

and Kanehira I618 with 11 or 12 so far as can be seen without 

damaging the specimen. We choose to maintain Plectronia 

polyneura as a distinct taxon in Psychorria but at the rank of 

variety. This may direct attention to it and future collections 

may settle whether or not it represents a population, or if the 

variation is continuous. The two collections mentioned above, 

Stone 2010 and Kanehira 1618, we treat as intermediates closer 

to var. merrillii. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Ponape: Paue (or Pane?), Ledermann 

13814 (B, now probably represented only by a published 

photo); s. I., Ledermann 13790 (B, lectotype). 
NUMBER 81 115 

Psychotriu mycetoides Valeton 

Psychorria mycetoides Valeton, Bot, Jahrb., 63:315, 1930.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. Pl., 424, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15225, 1940; 

Allertonia, 6:264, 1991 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15276, 

1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980. 

Slender shrub, branches terete, thick, herbaceous, internodes 

short, marked by large oval scars, not at all thickened at nodes, 

1.5-4 cm long, separated by stipule scars; leaves 10-20 x 

3.5-6 cm, obovate-lanceolate acutely acuminate, base gradually attenuate, membranous, paler beneath, lateral nerves 10 to 

12 on a side, parallel, lightly curved, oblique, veins loosely 

delicate; stipules crowded at base of inflorescence, persistent 

acute, bifid; inflorescence terminal sessile cymoselybranching, moderately dense, foliaceous bracts subtending the 

inflorescence, to 20 x 7 mm, white; flowers long pedicellate, 

calyx broadly saucer-shaped, minutely dentate; corolla notably 

tubular-funnelform, lobes oblong-acute, suberect, much shorter 

than tube, corolla 14-20 mm long of which 5 mm are the 

pointed lobes, throat broad, densely bearded; anthers subsessile, exserted; style longer than corolla, minutely puberulent. 

(From Valeton’s description). 

Known with certainty only from the description based on 

two Ledermann collections nos. 14360 and 14152, which are 

now apparently lost. Specimens referred to this species by 

Kanehira (1935) and by Fosberg (1940) are probably P. 

leptothyrsa var. longicarpa Valeton. 

Endemic in Palau: Babeldaob and Koror. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Mt. Ngarsul, Hosokawa 9809 (BISH); Garasumao, Takarnatsu 1573 (BISH). 

Psychotria rhombocarpa Kanehira 

Psychotria rhombocarpa Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:493, 1932; Fl. Micr., 

373, 1933; Enum. Micr. Pl., 424, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 

15:225, 1940; Allertonia, 6:265, 1991.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:276, 1979. 

Shrub or small tree, to 10 m tall, vegetatively glabrous, 

young branches to 5 mm thick, internodes 2-6 cm long, nodes 

not conspicuously enlarged; leaves narrowly elliptic to broadly 

ovate-lanceolate, apex caudate-acuminate, base acute, blade 

thin, to 25 x 9 cm, main veins 12 to 18 on a side, spreading and 

arching upward, anastomosing near margin, prominent beneath, much less so above, petiole 1-3.5 cm long; stipules to 10 

mm long, sheathing, distal 2-5 mm free, ovate, very acute; 

inflorescence terminal, (rarely axillary probably on a reduced 

branch), a decussate thyrsoid panicle, long pedunculate, 

peduncle to 9 cm, branches repeatedly branched, ultimate 

branchlets ending in 1 -several sessile, subsessile or very shortly 

pedicellate flowers; panicle, hypanthium and calyx finely 

puberulent; calyx saucer-shaped to spreading funnelform, less 

than 1 mm long, obscurely lobed, margins ciliolate; corolla 

narrowly campanulate-funnelform, tube 2-2.5 mm, minutely 

puberulent without, lobes 3-4 mm, ovate to lanceolate, 

glabrous without, notably pubescent within, throat bearded, 

tube glabrous within; anthers broadly linear, inserted in throat, 

included; style glabrous, strongly bifid, stigma-lobes exserted; 

drupe red when ripe, broadly ovoid, 10-13 mm long, pyrenes 

broadly rhombic in outline, lobes thin, one keel in middle of 

each side. 

Kanehira’s drawing, F1. Micr., fig. 198, is a good representation, except for over-simplification of panicle and pubescence 

of corolla. 

This species is not close to others in Micronesia except P. 

rhornbocarpoides. Its stipules are very unusual in the genus. Its 

fruits closely resemble those of P. cheatharnii. 

Endemic to Kusaie, in primary to secondary forests from low 

to high elevations. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Kusaie: Without locality, Hosokawa 

6354 (A, BISH); Kanehira 1333 (US), 1321 (BISH); Mt. 

Iyawoe, Hosokawa 7440 (A); Mt. Tefayaht, 500 ft [150 m], 

Glassrnan 2689 (US); Mt. Matanta (Buache), Townes 3 (US); 

north ridge, Mt. Matanta, above Tafonshak village, Fosberg 

26597 (US, BISH); S side Mt. Matanta, 1-50 m, Fosberg 

26562 (US, BISH, MO, POM, BM); Mt. Wakapp, Takarnatsu 

405 (BISH); Mot, Takamarsu 466 (BISH); Mt. Matante, 

Takamarsu 511 (BISH); W of Innem River, near boundry of 

Tafunsak and Lelu, Falanruw 5441 (US). 

Psychotriu rhombocarpoides Hosokawa 

Psychotria rhombocarpoides Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. His. Soc. Formosa 

31:287-88, 194l,4lassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:96, 1952.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:277, 1979.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:266, 

1991. 

Shrub to 2 m, resembling P. rhombocarpa but branchlets 

slightly 4-angled, leaves more cuneate at base, petiole 

somewhat longer; fruit larger, 2 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, pyrenes 

with terminal lobe longer and narrower, lateral lobes much 

longer, general shape hastate. 

A poorly known species, collected only once, isotype studied 

sterile, possibly too close to P. rhombocarpa, but maintained 

tentatively on the basis of the much larger, differently shaped 

fruit as described. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: Mt. Nanaraut nototyu (“on 

the way to Mt. Nanaraut”), 330 m, Hosokawa 961 7 (A, BISH, 

isotypes). 

Psychotriu rotensis Kanehira 

Psychotria rotensis Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 373, f. 199, 1933; Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 

47:679, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 424, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, 6555, 
116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1971 .-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:277, 1979.-Fosberg 

et at., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:267, 1991 [non 

Amaracarpus rotensis Hosokawa]. 

Psychofria palauensis Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:38, 

1935.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 424, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 

1980. 

Shrub 1-2 m tall, glabrous, stems cylindric, rhaphid bundles 

short linear, abundant, internodes 1-3 cm long drying light 

green; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rarely slightly obovate, 

to 10 x 3.5 (-4) cm, apices obtusish to usually acute, or slightly 

acuminate, base acute, blade thin, nerves 6 to 8 on a side, not 

prominent, network obscure, petioles slender about 1 cm long; 

stipules triangular, obtuse to acute, not sheathing nor calyptrate, sub-persistent; cymes slender, terminal, 1 to 3 at 

terminal node, 2-3 times umbellately or subumbellately 

few-branched, with caducous minute ovate or lanceolate bracts 

at lower ramifications; calyx short, limb somewhat spreading, 

teeth 5, low triangular somewhat pointed; corolla small, tube 

1.5-2 mm long, lobes 5, oblong-ovate, 1.5-2 mm long, 

spreading or somewhat reflexed, hooked, densely woollybearded in throat, anthers lanceolate, basifixed in throat just 

below sinuses, somewhat exserted; style and stigma exserted, 

stigma bifid; fruit depressed globose, 2-3 mm high, 4 mm 

wide, subgeminate especially when dry (bisulcate), purplish 

red, flesh soft, pyrenes very convex only slightly 3-ribbed or 

carinate, calyx persistent on fruit but very inconspicuous. 

A very disinct species not much resembling any other, at 

least in Micronesia. Apparently endemic to Rota and Palau. 

Guam specimens reported or named as this were misidentified. 

We have seen an excellent sheet of Hosokawa 7476, reported as 

this from Palau, but he later described this as P. palauensis 

Hosokawa, which we have reduced to varietal rank under P. 

rotensis Kanehira. The above description refers to var. rotensis. 

Key to Varieties of Psychotria rotensis 

Leaf-bases acute, main nerves 6 to 8 on a side, petioles 1 cm 

long ...................... var. rotensis 

Leaf-bases cuneate-decurrent, main nerves 4 to 6, petioles 

2-2.5 cm long ............... var. palauensis 

Psychotriu rotensis Kanehira var. rotensis 

This variety is, so far as known, endemic to the island of 

Rota, where it grows in undergrowth in forests on elevated 

limestone. Records from Guam have proven, on study of the 

specimens on which they were based, to be misidentified 

members of the P. hombroniana relationship. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-Rota: Hosokawa 7569 (A, BISH, 

US); savanna, Hosokawa 7617 (BISH, US); Kanehira 1740 

(US, lectotype, P, K, isolectotypes); Titgua District, 70 m, 

Herbst & Falanruw 6688 (US); airstrip, N of Shemaparee, 180 

m, Fosberg 25162 (US, BISH, A, BM, P, GUAM). 

Psychotriu rotensis var. palauensis (Hosokawa) Fosberg 

Psychorria rotensis var. palauensis (Hosokawa) Fosberg, Allertonia, 6:267, 

1991. 

Psychofria palauensis Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 25:38-39, 

1935.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 424, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:276, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 

1980. 

Psychorria rotensis sensu Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 24:204, 

1934 [pro park; non Kanehira, 19331. 

Differs from var. rotensis in more obovate leaves, less acute, 

only 4 to 6 less prominent main veins on a side, base 

cuneate-decun-ent, petiole to 2-2.5 cm, slender. 

This is a weak variety, but usually recognizable, found in 

forests on limestone islands. The type Hosokawa 7476 (TAI 

holotype, BISH, isotype) is from Oropushakal (= Aulupse’el) 

Island S of Koror. Endemic on limestone islands in Palau 

Archipelago. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDS.-Palau: Rock islands near Koror, 

Hobdy 1524 (BISH); Ngermeyaus (Garameyaosu) I., S Koror 

Municipality, 7 m, Canfield 654 (US); W side of SW peninsula 

of Urukthapel I. near old cultural pearl establishment, 1-2 m, 

Fosberg 32160 (US, BISH, K, MO). Peleliu: North end of strip 

of land on E side of island, 2 m, Fosberg 25986 (US, BISH, 

NY, BM, BRI); s. l., Herre in 1933 (BISH). 

Scyphiphora Gaertner 

Scyphiphora Gaertner, Fruct. et Sem., 3:91, 1806. 

Shrubs, branching slightly to notably supra-axillary, 

branches widely spreading, then arching upward; leaves 

simple, opposite, coriaceous; stipules forming a subtruncate 

sheath secreting a transparent gum; flowers in compact short 

supra-axillary cymes, 4-merous, calyx thin, cup-like; corolla 

salverform; anthers and style exserted; ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 

in a cell, attached near middle of septum, one erect, the other 

pendent; fruit a drupe with thin flesh, pyrene corky, cylindric, 

2-celled, 2 seeds in a cell. 

A genus of one species, found on muddy shores and around 

mangrove swamps from Indo-Malaysia to Australia, Melanesia 

north to Palau and Yap. 

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertner f. 

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertner f., Fruct. et Sern., 3:91, L 196, 

1806.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31,475, 1901.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63,303, 

1930.-Kanehira, R. Micr., 378, 1933: Enum. Micr. PI., 425, 1935.- 

Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:214,1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 
NUMBER 81 117 

Micronesica, 15:277, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 42, 

1980.-Sternmemann, Wetland Plants, 99, 1981. 

Shrub about 1.5 m tall, glabrous, branchlets very slightly 

supra-axillary; leaves broadly obovate, coriaceous, to about 5 x 

3 cm, apices rounded, bases acute, veins about 8 on a side, 

obscure, petiole 1-1.5 cm long, thickish; stipules reduced to a 

low subtruncate collar, to 2 (-3) mm high, pectinate-ciliate; 

cymes axillary, small, dichotomous several times with a 

pedicellate flower in each fork, each untimate branch 3-5- 

flowered; calyx pink or whitish, very short tubular or 

cup-shaped, truncate, about 1 mm long and wide; corolla tube 

2.5-3mm long, 5 lobes narrowly ovate, pinkish white, firm, 

reflexed, throat bearded; 5 anthers narrowly sagittate, dorsifixed, about 2.5 mm long, well exserted on curved filaments, 

pointing outward and downward; style strongly exserted, 

dilated at top into a 4 ribbed stigma about 2 mm long, that 

collects pollen on its sides, apex with 2 slightly divergent lobes, 

at length separating all the way down and reflexed, apically; 

fruit cylindric-turbinate strongly 5-fluted, apex truncate with 

small, not at all accrescent calyx on top. 

Common in edge of mangrove swamps on Palau and Yap at 

about high tide level. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

gaut, quat (Palau: Kanehira, 1935) 

kaut (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

kuat (Palau, Babeldaob: Otobed P-10005) 

kaut (Palau, Koror: Emmons 24; Stone 4590) 

gause (Yap: Kanehira, 1935) 

gawath (Yap: Wong 497) 

gualt (Yap: Alvis 103) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDs.-Palau: Kanehira 2078 (P, US). Babeldaob: Otobed P-10005 (US, BISH, POM). Koror: In 

mangrove swamp, Hosaka 3383A (US, BISH); Kanehira 147 

(BISH); Stone 4590 (GUAM, US); Garikiae, Takamatsu 1738 

(US); Renrak, Emmons 24 (US); below hills of limestone rock 

just before causeway leading to ferry, Falanruw, Fosberg, & 

Woodrich 1073 (US); Rendrok, Salsedo 281 (US); Ngetmeduch, between town and KB bridge, Sheard & Spence 70 

(BISH). 

Yap: Koronia-Gofu, Hosokawa 8850 (BISH, POM); mangrove swamp, Wong 497 (BISH, US, POM); Balabat, 0 m, 

Alvis 103 (US); just N of Maa, Tomil Dist., 0 m, Fosberg 25616 

(US, BISH); near Rang, Falanruw 3377 (US); Kanday village, 

W coast, Fosberg 59965 (US, BISH); Ngagil, near Tagaren 

Channel, Cushing 600 (US); S of Loran Station, Tomil, 

Stemmermann 3151 (BISH). 

Spermacoce L. 

Spermucoce L., Sp. Pl., 102, 1753.-Stone, Micronesica, 6559, 1971.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:277, 1979.-Fosberg and 

Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:29, 1980. 

Jahrb., 31:477, 1902.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 31:631-632, 1930. 

Borreria G.F.W. Meyer, PI. Esseq., 79, t. 1, 1818 [nom. cons.].-Volkens, Bot. 

Herbs and small dwarf shrubs, stems tending to be square, 

often with cord-like angles, most parts of plants with few or 

many rhaphid-bundles showing through the epidermis, roots 

often wiry or somewhat woody, forming stiff root-crowns; 

leaves simple, entire, opposite, decussate, usually not more 

than 5-7 cm long, in some species appearing fasciculate 

because of reduced leafy branches in leaf axils; stipules 

interpetiolar, usually somewhat united below or adnate to leaf 

bases, margins often pectinate with linear or setiform processes, or dentate; inflorescences usually of strongly condensed 

axillary cymes forming few-flowered or usually manyflowered verticels, the terminal ones often larger and appearing 

older, capitate; flowers usually sessile or subsessile; hypanthium cylindric, prismatic or turbinate, crowned by a calyx with 

4 lobes or teeth, one pair often reduced or vestigial, united base 

of calyx usually very short; corolla white, lavender or bluish, 

tubular or campanulate, subequal with calyx to strongly 

exserted, 4-lobed; stamens 4, inserted below sinuses, anthers 

included or exserted; style filiform, bifid and stigmatic at apex, 

ovary bilocular with one ovule in a locule; fruit a capsule, 

dehiscing variously, basically septicidal, one cell may not open, 

or both cells open septicidally, leaving an erect hyaline septum 

(this in one species separating into 2 thin layers and loosening), 

or splitting first down one side and opening out to shed seed, or 

after separating into cocci the cells opening by splitting 

ventrally; seed one to a cell, cylindric to ovoid or ellipsoid, with 

a deep, wide or narrow ventral groove, this either open or 

closed at ends, testa smooth or variously reticulate, rugose or 

sulcate. 

In the sense accepted here, a pantropical and subtropical 

genus of many species, not well known, some of them very 

weedy and widespread, resembling in habit some species of 

Hedyotis. Six species are known from Micronesia, all of them 

introduced. The most reliable characters to separate them are in 

the seeds. The key presented here is based partly on vegetative 

features, used because seeds and flowers are not always 

present. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Spermacoce 

1. Corolla short, not or scarcely exceeding calyx, stamens and 

pistil included. .................... 2 

2. Plant prostrate or weakly ascending, branches not 

conspicuously more slender than the main stem, 

seeds oblong, transversely reticulate, ventral grove 

nearly closed ............. S. mauririana 

2. Plant erect, branches more slender than main stem, seeds 

elliptic, glossy, castaneous, weakly alveolateCorolla notably exceeding calyx lobes, stamens and pistil 

exserted ........................ 3 

reticulate, ventral groove open ...... S. ernstii 

1. 
118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

3. Veins of leaves conspicuous ............. 4 Borreria laevis. 

4. Leaves essentially glabrous, setae of stipules glabrous VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

Or so * * * * * ’ * * * * * * * s. assurgens 

4. Leaves notably appressed hirsute above, stems 

spreading-hirsute, setae of stipules pilose, especially toward apex ........ S. bartlingiana 

okulabeluu (Palau: Fosberg et al., 1980) 

opusal (Woleai: Emmons 427) 

&iumwit (satawan: Anderson 1093) 

3. Veins of leaves obscure ................ 5 

5. Leaves strongly revolute, appearing linear, S. pusilla 

5. Leaves flat, ovate to obovate, acute to mostly obtuse 

..................... S. hispida 

Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon 

Spermucoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per., 1:60-61 t. 92, 1798.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:277, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. 

Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg and Canfield, Micronesica, 16:199, 1980. 

Spermacoce sufiutescens Jacquin, PI. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr., 3:40, t. 322, 1798. 

Borreria laevis sensu auct. plur. [non (Lamarck) Grisebach, Goett. Abh., 7:231, 

18571. 

Erect to reclining herb, tending to branch at base, usually 

2-3 (-5) dm tall, internodes with 4 sharp keels and 2 deep 

groves, keels usually notably retrorsely appressed hispidulous 

or hirsutulous, stems and sometimes leaves tending to be 

reddish; leaves broadly lanceolate, lance-ovate, or lance-elliptic 

to broadly ovate or elliptic, up to 6 x 2 cm, apex acute to 

acuminate, base acute, shortly petiolate to subsessile, strongly 

nerved, 4 or 5 nerves on a side, essentially glabrous on both 

surfaces, becoming reflexed where subtending inflorescences; 

stipules forming a sheath, to 3 mm long, dialated upward, 

pectinate with 5 to 7 setiform appendages on a side, these well 

separated at base, this sheath densely or sparsely appressed 

pubescent, often in lines, greatly swollen and stretched by 

development of dense head-like inflorscences at nodes, these 

subtended by two leaves at a node and usually additionally by 

2 smaller bracteal leaves, all becoming reflexed; heads packed 

with setae, presumably stipular in nature, equalling hypanthia; 

flowers with hypanthium pubescent, calyx lobes 4, triangularacute to linear-oblong, subulate, blunt, or expanded and 

rounded and varying greatly in length and width; corolla white 

or pinkish, strongly exserted, with a very narrow tube, a very 

short campanulate or funnelform throat, and 4 oblong lobes, 

hispidulous without near tips, pilose within, the whole about 

4-6 mm long, buds oblong-ellipsoidal; anthers oblong to oval, 

strongly exserted on filiform filaments; filiform style and 

capitate stigma greatly exceeding corolla, to about 6 mm, fruit 

obovate or turbinate, 4-5 mm long, strongly pubescent above, 

septicidally, then slightly loculicidally, dehiscent, leaving an 

ovate, acute, stiff, white septum erect between valves; seed 

dark dull brown, plumply ellipsoid with usually blunt ends, 

deeply and conspicuously transversely sulcate, and minutely 

reticulate especially at ends. 

Pantropical species, probably of American origin, now on 

many Pacific Islands, including Marianas, western Carolines, 

and Gilberts; weedy, found in disturbed places, along paths and 

roadsides. Has traditionally, but incorrectly, been called 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: Puerto Rico, Herbst & 

Rota: Trail to Sabana region, 500 m, Evans 2111 (US). 

Guam: Tamuning, 35 m, Falanruw 1281 (US); Mt. Alutom, 

E of Sumay, 350 m, Fosberg 25278 (US); Agana, 2 m, Fosberg 

& Evans 46204 (US); NAS, Trust Territory Compound, 

Fosberg 46294 (US); road from Guam Memorial Hospital to 

Tumon Heights, 5-25 m, Evans 230 (US); Dan Dan Radio 

Tracking Station, 3 mi [4.8 km] SW of Inarajan, Fosberg & 

Raulerson 59761 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: s. I., Richardson 21 (Us). 

Babeldaob: Irrai Airfield, Woodrich 104 (US); Ngardmau 

village, Raulerson 5923 (US). Koror: Ngerebe’ed, 10 m, 

Fosberg 32490 (US), 47423 (US), 47576 (US); NE comer of 

island, along road to Airai dock, Fosberg 50628 (US). Malakal: 

Skilang’s garden, Blackburn 117 (US); Fisheries Wharf, 2 m, 

Fosberg 47612 (US). Ngerchong: NW end of island, 3 m, 

Canfield 539 (US). Peleliu: N landing, 1-2 m, Fosberg 31954 

(US); Ngalkol village, 2 m, Fosberg 47633 (US); ‘/z mi 10.8 

km] SW of Mt. Amiangal, 2 m, Canfield 425 (US); near small 

cemetery, Raulerson 17077 (US). Angaur: Just N of phosphate 

drying plant, 8 m, Canfield 181 (US); N end of island, 3-4 m, 

Fosberg 25971 (US); E side of island, 4 m, Fosberg 25979 

(US); S end of island, 2-5 m, Fosberg 31966 (US). 

Falanruw 6912 (US). 

Mapia: Eiland Pegun, Vink 12087 (L). 

Yap: Hill 0.5-0.7 mi [0.8-1.1 km] SW of Gitam, S of Yap 

High School, 40 m, Fosberg 46572 (US); along approach road 

to airfield, S Yap, 20 m, Cushing & Cushing 344 (US); 

Colonia, Fosberg 60005 (US, BISH, POM). 

Ulithi: Mogmog I., 1-2 m, Fosberg & Evans 46358 (US); 

Asor I., 2 m, Fosberg 46954 (US). 

Woleai: Falalop I., 0-5 m, Evans 427 (US). 

Truk: Moen: Moen village, Fosberg 601 74 (US). 

Satawan: Satawan I., Anderson 1093 (US). 

MARSHALL ISLANDS.-Kwajalein Atoll: Kwajalein I., 

Herbst 9049 (US). Ennylabegan: Herbst 8904 (US); Illinginni 

I., Herbst 8981 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-BUtaritari: Butaritari I., Herbst & 

Allerton 2697 (US). 

Tarawa: Bairiki, 1-2 m, Sachet 1417 (US); Betio, lagoon 

side, Adair 150 (US); in garden, Adair 52 (US); Bairiki, 

Raulerson 3664 (US); Betio, Raulerson 3800 (US). 

Spermacoce bartlingiana (de Candolle) Hemsley 

Spermacoce bartlingiam (de Candolle) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. Bot., 2:58, 

1881. 
NUMBER 81 119 

Eorreria bartlingiana de Candolle, Prodr., 4544, 1830. 

Borreriafockeana Miquel, Linnaea, 18:299, 1844. 

Spermcoce larifolia sensu auct.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:278, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg and 

Canfield, Micronesica, 16:199, 1980 [non Aublet, Hist. P1. Guiane Fr., 155, 

t. 19, 17751. 

Slender herb, sprawling, decumbent to erect, rooting at lower 

nodes, yellow-green in appearance, even when dried, stems 

sharply quadrangular to sub-alate, thinly to notably retorse-or 

spreading-hirsute; leaves to 5-6 x 3-3.5 cm, broadly elliptic to 

slightly ovate, thin, apex acute, base acute, somewhat decurrent 

on the short petiole, up to 1 cm, mostly shorter, blades sparsely 

to notably appressed hirsute on both sides, veins about 5 or 6, 

slightly arched forward; stipules membranous, Iow-sheathing, 

hirsute-pilose, pectinate with setifon processes, these sparsely 

long-hirsute-pilose, especially near apex; inflorescences very 

dense, crowded but usually rather few-flowered, crowded with 

linear or lanceolate bracts, and hypanthia, calyx lobes 

triangular ovate to oblong ovate, or almost lanceolate, 

persistent; corolla about 3-5 mm long, very thin, ephemeral, 

shed easily, tube very slender, about equalling or exceeding the 

campanulate throat and ovate lobes; stamens and style about 

subequal with corolla, or style slightly longer, glabrous; 

capsule broadly ovoid to subglobose, 2.5-3 x 2 mm, hirsute, 

crowned by persistent calyx lobes, thin-walled, dehiscing 

septicidally into 2 cocci that then split ventrally the length of 

the thin half of the septum, then somewhat loculicidally, 

opening widely to release the seeds, superficially resembling a 

circumscissile-dehisced capsule (frequently under pressure 

during drying the capsules may fracture transversely, again 

simulating a circumscissile dehiscence); seed somewhat ovoid 

broadly oblong-elliptic, ends rounded, 2.5-3 x 1.6-2 mm, 

light drab brown to black, dorsally convex, surface minutely 

reticulate-rugulose, ventrally flattened, groove wide, deeply 

excavate, the ends closed, margins appearing inrolled, a large 

elongate white scar in bottom of excavation, narrower than 

groove. 

This plant has generally been called Spermacoce or Borreria 

latijofia, which it resembles. The delicate, fugacious corolla 

with a slender tube seems wrong for that species, or for the 

similar S. alata Aublet. It is also more hirsute than either of 

these. 

Widespread in the Indo-Pacific, from India and Ceylon to 

Fiji, Palau, and Ponape, but probably introduced from tropical 

America. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-Ulechouch (Palau: Otobed PW10084). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDs.-Palau: Koror: Ngerebodel, Otobed 

PW-10084 (US). Babeldaob: Airai Mun. Ngerkiil, 40 m, 

Canfield 774 (US). 

Ponape: Kolonia: Sachet 1833 (US, BISH, POM); Fosberg 

26258 (US, BISH, MO, K, NY, L, GUAM); Fosberg 58437 

(US, BISH, POM); 2.5 mi [4 km] S of Kolonia, Fosberg 58541 

(US, BISH, MO, BM, CHR, NSW, G); Fafanruw 3239 (US); 

Metalanim, Sternrnerrnann 2945 (BISH). 

Sperrnacoce ernstii Fosberg & Powell 

Spermacoce ernstii Fosberg & Powell, Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:29. 1980.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica 15:278, 1979.-Fosberg et al., 

Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980. 

Spermcoce srricta auct. Micr. pro parte [non L. f., Suppl. PI., 120, 17811. 

Low, diffuse to erect, to 60 cm tall, freely branched, stems 

glabrous or slightly scaberulous or puberulent around nodes, 

4-angIed, with strong costae at angles, the branches tending to 

be much more slender than main stems; leaves elliptic or 

elliptic-lanceolate, rarely somewhat ovate, acute to usually 

acuminate, attenuate at base to a short petiole, subglabrous to 

sparsely scabrous or hispidulous, blades thin, up to 4 x 1.5 cm, 

usually much smaller, up to 5 main veins on a side, strongly 

ascending, petioles usually 5 mm or less, occasionally longer, 

usually one or more pairs of more or less reduced leaves 

subtending inflorescences in addition to main pair; stipular 

sheath very short, 1 mm or less, much exceeded by the setifom 

pectinately arranged segments, these scarcely puberulent, not 

or scarcely gland-tipped, 8 or more on a side, sheath 

puberulent; inflorescences capitate, axillary few to manyflowered, flowers subtended by filiform stipular bracts but 

these not conspicuous; hypanthium almost glabrous to hispidulous, calyx-lobes 4, linear or lance-linear, equal to somewhat 

unequal, hispidulous-ciliate near base, subacuminate; corolla 

shorter than or subequal to calyx, tube very short, lobes 

triangular-ovate, minutely puberulent without, subglabrous or 

puberulent within but base of lobes and throat pilose-bearded; 

anthers subsessile, attached in tube, broadly oval, bluish or 

blackish; style exceedingly short, stigma bilobed; fruit broadly 

obovoid to broadly cylindric, very slightly compressed, more 

or less hispidulous, about 1.5 mm long, dehiscing septicidally, 

one side more tardily than the other, so that capsule valves tend 

to spread from one side, septum membranous, ephemerally 

thin; seed broadly, to rarely narrowly, elliptic, about 1-1.5 

(-1.7) mm long, groove very wide, extending full length of 

seed, with a prominent row of raphide bundles along each side, 

dorsal surface, when mature, glossy, castaneous, shallowly 

alveolate-reticulate. 

A widespread tropical American species, introduced in the 

Pacific probably during or shortly after World War 11, which 

since then has become fairly widespread at least in the central 

and western archipelagoes; known in Micronesia from the 

Marianas (Saipan, Rota, and Guam), from the Carolines 

(Palau), and from the Gilberts (Tarawa). It has become 

common on roadsides and in disturbed places, frequently in 

semi-shade. It is usually known in tropical America as Borreria 

ocymoides, which it only resembles in its small corolla, not 

exceeding the calyx. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS.-saipan: E of Ogso Tapotchau, just N 
120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

of Kannat Tadung Laulau, 170- 190 m, Fosberg 50545 (US); 

Puerto Rico, Herbst & Falanruw 6911 (US). 

Rota: Road to Sabana area, 200-400 m, Sachet 1808 (US); 

150-250 m, Evans 2123 (US); Tatgua District, 70 m, Herbst & 

Falanruw 6687 (US). 

Guam: Dededo, 100 m, Fosberg 35309 (US); Campanaya 

Bay, 20 m, Fosberg 43413 (US); Trust Territory Compound, 

NAS, Agana, 70 m, Fosberg 46215 (US); Andersen AFB, 

Moran 4463 (US); Mangilao, University of Guam Campus, 

Fosberg 59627 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Chaot River Ravine, 

E of Afami, 10 m, Fosherg 59657 (US, BISH); Pipeline Road 

in Chaot River Ravine, Fosberg 59673 (US, BISH, POM); 

Pugua Pt., 40 m, Fosberg 59778 (US, BISH, POM, NY). 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Kayangel: Along trail in 

middle of main islet, Cheatham 86 (US); Kayangel I., 2 m, 

Canfield 720 (US). Koror: NE corner of island, along road to 

Airai Ferry dock, Fosberg 50629 (US). Ngerchong: NW end of 

island, 3 m, Canfield 540 (US). Peleliu: Around the N landing, 

1-2 m, Fosberg 31958 (US); N end, Akalokul at boat landing, 

2 m, Fosherg 47616 (US); 0.3 mi [OS km] SSE of Mt. 

Amiangal, 2 m, Canfield 422 (US). Angaur: West of Lake D, 

0.3 mi [OS km] NE of village, 2 rn, Canfield 150 (US). 

Truk: Moen; Gov. Hill area, Grimm 15 (US). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Betio, Raulerson 3801 (US). 

Spermacoce hispida L. 

Spermucoce hispida L., Sp. PI., 102, 1753.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, 

Micronesica, 15:278, 1979.-Fosberg and Sachet, Smith. Contr. Bot., 45:30, 

1980. 

Borreria hispida (L.) Schumann in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pfl., 4(4):144, 

1891.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 417, 1935. 

Borreria rotundifolia Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:323, 1930 [nom. illegit., 

superfl.1.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 417, 1935.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. 

Bull., 209:91, 1952 [non B. rotundifolia Anderson, Kongl. Svensk. 

Vet.-Akad. Handb., 18611. 

Wiry herb, branched, ascending to prostrate and matforming, stems square, almost glabrous to usually hirsute or 

hispid to pilose, especially on prominent angles; leaves 

ovate-lanceolate to elliptic; oblong or obovate, obtuse to acute, 

moderately to sparsely hirsute on both surfaces, narrowed to a 

subsessile or sessile base; stipules membranous, 2 mm high, 

hirsute, with ciliate margins pectinate with about 5 to 7 

filiform, glabrous or slightly hirsute, gland-tipped setae with 

triangular widening at base; verticels rather few-flowered, 

younger ones distal; hypanthium and calyx densely hirsute, 

hairs flattened, calyx lobes 4, linear-lanceolate, unequal, 2 

tending to be longer, hirsute, fruit densely hirsute, or almost 

glabrous toward base, dehiscing apically toward base, leaving 

a scarious septum; seed elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm 

long, minutely rugose, rather convex, ends rounded, groove 

ends open but sometimes appearing semi-closed. 

This species, common in south and central Asia, was 

collected twice in 1913 on Ponape, but has not been found there 

since. One of these collections was described as a separate 

species, Borreria rotundifolia Valeton, but seems, at best, 

vanetally distinct from Spermacoce hispida L. The Yap record 

of this species based on Volkens 215, is now referred with some 

doubt to Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon. That from Guam, by 

Walker and Rodin (1949), based on Rodin 527, is Mitracarpus 

hirtus (L.) de Candolle. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: Pailapalap, Ledermann 

13899 (B, holotype of Borreria rotundifolia Valeton); s. l., 

Ledermann 13962 (B). 

Spermacoce rnauriliana Gideon 

Spermacoce maurifiana Gideon in Verdcourt, Kew Bull., 37:547, 1983. 

Borreria repens de Candolle, Prodr., 4:542, 1830. 

Spermacoce repens (de Candolle) Fosberg and Powell, Smith. Contr. Bot., 

45:30, 1980.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:278, 1979.- 

Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980 [non Willdenow ex Charnisso 

and Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 3343, 18281. 

Borreria ocymoides sensu auct.-Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:323, 1930.- 

Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 417, 1935.--Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:91, 

1952 [non (Burman f.) de Candolle, Prodr., 4:544, 18301. 

Borreria hispida sensu auct.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:477, 1901.-Valeton, 

Bot. Jahrb., 63:323, 1930 [non (L.) K. Schumann in Engler and Prantl, Nat. 

Pfl., IV, 4: 144, 18911. 

Weak, slender, erect to usually reclining or prostrate herb, 

stems sharply quadrangular, the angles notably ciliate, the 

intervals glabrous; leaves broadly ovate, or elliptic, apex 

acutish or acute to obtuse, base gradually to usually abruptly 

contracted to a short petiole, blade 1-1.5 (-2) x 0.4-1.0 (-1.5) 

cm, glabrous to sparsely scabrous or puberulent, especially 

margins; stipules very low, 1 mm or less high, pectinate with 

usually about 6 to 8 setae about 1.0-1.5 mm long, these 

scarcely or rarely glandular at tip; inflorescences capitate, 

densely rather few-flowered, flowers subtended by setifonn 

bracts; hypanthium papillose-puberulent, together with calyx 

scarcely 1.5 mm long, calyx lobes 2, lance-subulate, scarcely 

ciliolate (rarely traces of another reduced pair), persistent in 

fruit; corolla white or rarely pinkish, urceolate, 0.6-0.8 mm 

long including the erect spreading ovate-triangular lobes, these 

about half the length of the corolla, pilosulous within; anthers 

minute, sessile; style and stigma included; fruit puberulent, 

slightly obovoid to globose, septicidal into two deeply concave 

valves; seeds oblong about 1 mm long, dull medium somewhat 

yellowish or reddish brown, transversely reticulate, cells or 

areolae notably broader than high. 

This pan-tropical weedy plant is probably of New World 

origin and an early introduction into the Asiatic tropics. The 

closest relative of S. mauritiana. seems to be S. prostrata 

Aublet, a widely distributed New World plant that has also 

usually been called Borreria ocymoides. The two are very 

similiar, but may be distinguished by the shape, color, and 
NUMBER 81 121 

sculpturing of the seeds, those of S. mauritiana being dull 

yellowish or reddish brown, often somewhat flatter and more 

oblong, and finely transversely reticulate, while those of S. 

prostrata are usually mahogany brown, somewhat glossy, more 

cylindric and prominently more coarsely alveolate-reticulate. 

The leaves of S. mauritiana are usually broadly ovate or 

broadly elliptic, and its corolla lobes are pilose, while S. 

prostrata usually, but not always, has narrower elliptic leaves, 

narrowed gradually to base, and its corolla lobes only papillose 

or minutely puberulent within. 

African specimens of this species, including the type, Sieber 

in 1835 (G-DC) from Mauritius, and possibly a few American 

ones, such as Buchtein 1414 (US), from Bolivia, Mapiri region, 

San Carlos, have the sharp angles of the internodes notably 

ciliate. They seem to be varietally distinct from the common 

American plant. Micronesian specimens agree with the type. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Central Ngeremlengui Munic., savanna above upper Ngaramiskan River, 55 m, 

Canjield 602 (US); Me’ebe’ubul village, Ngtapang, Fosberg 

32403 (US); Garamiscan Colony, Fosberg 2571 1 (US). 

Yap: Leuj (Leuis) village, 10-15 m, Fosberg 46604 (US, 

BISH); Abhange des Bennigsenberg, Volkens 215 [not seen]. 

Ponape: Vicinity Kolonia, 50 ft [ 15 m], Gfassman 2583 (US, 

BISH); Ronkiti, Fosberg 26400 (US); Matalanim, Hosaka 

3541 (US); Retau-nopilichi, Hosokawa 5572 (US, BISH). 

Kusaie: Falanruw 3571 (US). 

Spermacoce pusilla Wallich 

Spermacocepusilla Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. Cary, 1:379, 1820. 

Spermacoce stricta sensu auct. plur.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:278, 1979 [non L. f., Suppl. Pl.. 120, 17811. 

Slender, simple to branched herb, to 30 cm tall, stems 

sharply 4-angled, smooth to scabrous, hirsute at and below 

nodes; leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, but 

usually revolute so as to appear linear, scabrous on upper 

surface, usually very sparsely or more densely hirsute on 

midrib beneath, veins obscure, blade narrowed to base or 

subpetiolate, apex bluntly narrowly acute, whole leaf often 

reflexed, frequently several more or less reduced leaves in axils 

of principal leaves, making plant look very leafy; stipules 

sheathing but narrow, united with leaf bases, openly pectinate 

with 5 to 7 smooth setiform processes, these usually longer, 

often much longer, than united portion, sheathing part 

becoming distended by devolopment of inflorescences; flowers 

small, crowded in tight more or less globose verticils 

containing also numerous setifonn bracts equalling or shorter 

than flowers; hypanthium hairy above, calyx lobes somewhat 

unequal, linear-lanceolate, hispid; corolla with limb clavate in 

bud, slightly pointed, apex shortly hispid, open corolla 2-2.5 

mm long, white, tube slender, flaring to funnelform throat, 

lobes narrowly ovate-oblong, about as long as throat, glabrous, 

blunt; stamens with very slender filaments, longer than corolla 

lobes, anthers pale, broadly ovate or elliptic, twisted when 

mature; style filiform, glabrous below slightly puberulent 

above, stigma capitate, somewhat bilobed, puberulent, exserted; capsule ellipsoid, pale straw-colored, often pencilled 

with dark red, densely to sparsely pilose distally, glabrous 

toward base, dehiscing from apex septicidally and loculicidally 

part way, leaving 4 valves flaring, shedding seeds apically; 

seeds narrowly cylindric or ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm long, rounded 

to somewhat pointed at ends, surface light to medium dark 

brown, slightly irregular but very glossy, groove narrow, open 

at both ends. 

A widespread weedy species found in Asia and the Pacific; 

in Micronesia known from Ponape and doubtfully known from 

Guam, collected once on Ponape. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Ponape: Ledermann 13962 (B). 

Tarenna Gaertner 

Tarenna Gaertner, Fruct., 1: 139, 1788.-Fosberg and Sachet, Allertonia, 

6:269. 1991. 

Shrubs rarely trees; leaves simple, opposite, usually petiolate; stipules ovate, caducous; inflorescence terminal or 

becoming lateral, cymose; flowers usually 5-6-merous; calyx 

usually lobed; corolla hypocrateriform to somewhat funnelform with spreading lobes imbricate in bud; stamens inserted in 

corolla throat below sinuses, filaments short, anthers linear; 

style elongating, stigma becoming strongly exserted, clavate to 

linear, ovary 2-loculed, placentae fleshy, bearing 1-several or 

more ovules; fruit fleshy, with thin endocarp; seeds tending to 

be subglobose or peltate with a cavity on one side, often 

angular by compression. 

An Afro-Indo-Pacific genus of several hundred species, one 

widespread in the south and west Pacific. 

Tarenna sembucina (Forster f.) Durand ex Drake 

Tarenna sambucina (Forster f.) Durand ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pac., 6:190, 

1890.Stone. Micronesica, 6:559, 1971.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 70, 

1974.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:278, 1979.-Fosberg 

et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg and Sachet, Allertonia, 6:271, 

1991. 

Coflea sambucina Forster f., Prodr., 16, 1786. 

Stylocoryne sambucina (Forster f.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., 4:309, 1859. 

Tarenna glabra Memll, Philip. Joum. Sci. Bot., 9: 145-50, 1914.-Valeton, 

Bot. Jahrb., 63:303, 1930.-Kanehira, FI. Micr., 381,1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 

425. 1935. 

Shrub or tree, to 10-15 m tall, vegetative parts glabrous; 

leaves elliptic to oblong or broadly lanceolate, up to 20 x 10 

cm, apex acute to somewhat acuminate, veins about 7 or 8 on 

a side, petiole rather slender, 1-3 cm long; inflorescence 
122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

thyrsoid, puberulent to nearly glabrous, 1-3 at a terminal node, 

2-4 times ramified, flat to rounded on top, small linear bracts 

at main nodes, tiny ones at ramifications, flowers pedicellate, 

pedicel with 1 or more scale-like bractlets; calyx cup-shaped, 

shallowly Nobed, lobes ciliolate; corolla hypocrateriform, 

tube 5-8 mm long, densely to sparsely puberulent outside, or 

glabrous, pilose within, lobes 5, oblong, length of tube, 

apex rounded or obtuse, puberulent without, glabrous to 

pubescent within; anthers linear; style glabrous or rarely villous 

in middle part, strongly exserted, stigma lobes linearlanceolate, coherent; fruit pea-like, 2-celled, seeds many, 

angular. 

This species occurs throughout the tropical Pacific as far east 

as the Tuamotus, excepting Hawaii and the Marquesas. It is 

separated geographically into at least six varieties, mainly 

differing in minor characters. Two of these occur in Micronesia, but var. sambucina is not known to be in Micronesia. 

Key to Micronesian Varieties of Tarenna sambucina 

Corolla tube glabrous within except for slight pilosity in throat, 

style hairy in middle part , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘I: sambucina var. oweniana 

Corolla tube pilosulous within, style completely glabrous . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘I: sambucina var. glabra 

Tarenna sambucina var. glabra (Merrill) 

Fosberg & Sachet 

Tarenna sambucina var. glabra (Merrill) Fosberg & Sachet, Allertonia, 6:272, 

Tarenna glabra Memll, Phil. Joum. Sci. Bot., 9:149-150, 1914. 

1991. 

Corolla tube 4-4.5 mm long, somewhat ampliate upward, 

glabrous or minutely subappressed-puberulent externally, 

pilosulous within, lobes oblong, 3 x 1 mm, apex rounded, both 

surfaces glabrous or outer very sparsely hirtellous, style 

entirely glabrous. 

Endemic to Marianas, generally distibuted. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

lumaclada, sumaclada (Guam: Marche 139) 

smagdara (Saipan: Kanehira, 1935) 

sumak (Saipan: Hosaka 2948, Guam: Whiting S6a) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Saipan: Lange (US); Kanehira 889 

(BISH); Mt. Tapotchau, N slope, 1100 ft [300 m], Hosaka 2948 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L). 

Tinian: Hosokawa 7814 (BISH, A); W coast in forest near 

beach, 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka 2871 (US, BISH, POM, NY); 

“Palm Beach” 1 mi [ 1.6 km] S of Faibus Pt., W coast, Fosberg 

24858 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Baiiaderon Lemmai, 100 m, 

Fosberg 64507 (US, BISH). 

Rota: Hosokawa 7578st (BISH, POM, A); Sabana, 1500 ft 

[460 m], Kondo s. n. in 1952 (BISH); Kanehira 1786 (US); 

Kanehira 1801 (P, K); trail up to the Sabana region, 150-250 

m, Evans 2079 (US, BISH, POM, NY); top of cliff on W end of 

island above Songsong village, 200-300 m, Sachet 1776 (US, 

BISH, POM); track between airstrip and northernmost part of 

island, 150-250 m, Evans 2165 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Sabana, old Japanese phosphate workings, 400 m, Evans 2234 

(US, BISH, POM, NY); second main terrace from top, 320 m, 

Fosberg 31857 (US, BISH, NY, L). 

Guam: Mt. Lamlam, Moran 4711 (UC, BISH, POM); s. I., 

Marche 139 (P, POM); s. I., G.E.S. 26 (BISH, BM, K, 

isotypes); Mt. Santa Rosa, 500 ft [150 m], Hosaka 3147 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY); Guerrero 758 (P); Manengon, volcanic 

savanna, Stone 5150 (GUAM); Mt. Almagosa near Almagosa 

Springs, 900 ft [275 m], Pedrus (Stone’s) 4116-a (GUAM); Mt. 

Lamlam, 370 m, Fosberg 46254 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Yigo, Whiting s6a (US, POM); Mt. Lamlam, Anderson 329 

(US, BISH, POM, NY); Kotod, headwaters of Maemong River, 

100 m, Fosberg 39187 (US, BISH); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Taguae, 

on N plateau, 110 m, Fosberg 35477 (US); ridge S of Mt. 

Lamlam, Fosberg 35330 (US, BISH, POM, NY); Oca Pt. 

opposite Alupat I., Anderson 187 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Manchanao, Swezey in 1936 (BISH); Tarzan Falls, near Cross 

Island Road, near observation tower, Cotal, Fosberg 59790 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L); road down to Tweeds Cave area, 

NCS, Krizman in 1983 (US). 

Tarenna sambucina var. oweniuna Fosberg 

Tarenna sambucina var. oweniana Fosberg, Allertonia, 6272, 1991. 

Medium sized tree, 15 m tall, vegetative parts almost 

glabrous except domatia, wood hard, leaves elliptic, subacuminate, veins alternate to subopposite, domatia hairy, 

stipules sheathing, lobes oblong-ovate, obtusish, 5-7 mm long, 

thyrses 3-4 times trichotomous, low rounded distally, traces of 

sericeous pubescence near nodes, bracts at ramifications 

scale-like, ovate acuminate rather than linear, ciliate, several 

scattered tiny ovate scale-like, strongly ciliate bractlets on 

pedicels, calyx 1 mm or less long; corolla notably glabrous 

except at base of lobes within where the throat is more or less 

hirsute, tube glabrous within, style hairy near middle, stigma 

clavate-pointed, fruit pea-sized, globose, fleshy, drying wrinkled, endocarp hard, 2-locular; seeds blackish brown, irregular 

cuneate with convex top, surface notably ruminate-rugose, 

6-13 seeds, observed in several fruits, probably more or less, 

number presumably depending on number of ovules fertilized. 

Endemic to western Carolines, found on limestone islands in 

Palau, and on Rumung Island, Yap, Found in dense forest. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: s. I., Kanehira 2469 (P); “Mt. 

Kororu” (Koror), Hosokawa 9797 (A). Aulupse’el: Risong, 

Matuker Bay, 30-50 m, Fosberg 47533 (US, holotype, Bish, 
NUMBER 81 123 

K, POM, MO, NY, etc. isotypes). 

Kanehira 11 69 (BISH). 

Yap: Rumon-to (Rumung), Hosokawa 8954 (A, BISH, US); 

Timonius de Candolle 

Timonius de Candolle, Prodr.. 4:461, 1830.-Foskrg and Sachet, Micronesica, 

20:157-164,1987. 

Trees and shrubs, dioecious; leaves ovate to elliptic, often 

strongly veined, usually (or always?) petiolate; stipules thin to 

firm, usually acuminate, connate and sheathing at base; flowers 

axillary, the pistillate solitary or in few-flowered cymes, the 

staminate in several-to many-flowered cymes; cymes with 

central flower sessile or subsessile, lateral pedicellate; calyx 

cup-like, 2- to 6-lobed or subtruncate; corolla hypocrateriform, 

4-6 lobed, valvate, lobes patent to recurved; anthers or 

antherodes attached in summit of tube; style with (2) 4-many 

branches, ovary with few to many locules, one anatropous 

ovule in a locule; pistillode short, somewhat bifid; fruit 

globose, usually black at maturity, fleshy, pyrenes usually free, 

varied in number, few to many, tending to be in vertical rows, 

one seed in a pyrene. 

An Indo-Pacific genus with many species, a few in 

Micronesia. 

Some of the Micronesian species are difficult to distinguish, 

especially without material of both sexes collected at the same 

time and place. The morphology of the gynoecium of some 

species is very aberrant in the Rubiaceae and needs comparative study of many species, preferably with ample material for 

dissection. 

Key to Micronesian Taxa of Timonius 

1. Pistillate flowers usually solitary on axillary peduncles, bracteolate at summit 

.......................................... 2 

Plants vegetatively essentially glabrous or subglabrous at maturity (often slightly 

Flowers glabrous without, stipules elongate sheathing terminal bud, glabrous 

................................ T. ledermannii 

Flowers strigose or sericeous externally, stipules triangular, short, if elongate 

and sheathing, then sericeous ....................... .4 

Calyx lobes rounded, stipules sheathing, elongate ........ T. timon 

Calyx lobes pointed, stipules triangular. ................. 5 

2. 

strigose on very young parts and on stipules) ................ 3 

3. 

3. 

4. 

4. 

5. 

5. 

Calyx only slightly lobed, pistillate corolla lobes 5 ...... T. niridus 

Calyx normally sharply dentate, pistillate corolla lobes 6-7 ....... .............................. T. subauritus 

Plants vegetatively persistently hairy at maturity ................ 6 

Calyx lobes rounded at apex, stipules sheathing, reaching several cm .... .................................... T.timon 

Calyx lobes acute, lanceolate, ovate or dentiform, stipules triangular, acute or 

acuminate, to 1.2 cm ........................... .7 

Calyx lobes dentiform, triangular or ovate, leaf bases not cordate, at most 

slightly subcordate, pubescence appressed to subspreading ....... 8 

Leaves firm, peduncles strong, thinly strigose, pistillate calyx lobes 4-5, 

triangular, slightly acuminate, equal ... T. subauritus var. stngosus 

Leaves thin, peduncles slender, notably strigose, pistillate calyx lobes 

5-6, ovate, unequal ..................... T. salsedoi 

Calyx lobes lanceolate, leaf-bases mostly cordate, leaves usually thin, 

pubescence spreading to (in var. submollis) sub-spreading or appressed 

(T mollis). ............................... 9 

9. Leaves somewhat firm, base obtuse to subcordate, pubescence thin, 

tending to be appressed, pistillate peduncle 1.5-4 cm long ..... ........................ T. mollis var. submollis 

9. Leaves thin, base cordate, pubescence notably spreading, pistillate 

peduncle 1 cm or less. ...................... 10 

Leaves moderately hirsute beneath, but green, not conspicuously paler 

than upper surface, upper surface sparsely hirsute or pilose ..... ......................... T. mollis var. mollis 

2. 

6. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

8. 

7. 

10. 
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

10. Leaves prominently hirsute beneath, appearing paler because of 

pubescence, upper surface moderately hirsute ............ ...................... I: mollis var. villosissimus 

Pistillate flowers in cymes of three or more flowers (very rarely also in 3s in 1: 

nitidus and 1: timon) .............................. 11 

11. Young stems glabrous, calyx subtruncate or only slightly and obtusely toothed, 

leaves glabrous except for domatia in vein axils ........... I: albus 

11. Young stems and under-side of young leaves at least slightly appressed 

hirtellous, sericeous or strigose, calyces distinctly toothed, teeth acute or 

acutish .................................... 12 

Pistillate cymes once-branched, corolla tube 11-12 mm long, mature leaves 

subglabrous or slightly strigose beneath ............ T korrensis 

Pistillate cymes usually twice or more branched, corolla tube 10 mm or less 

long, leaves usually strigose or puberulent at least beneath ....... 13 

Staminate cymes 2-3 cm long, twice branched, staminate calyx 5 toothed, 

pistillate corolla 6-lobed .................. I: ponapensis 

Staminate cymes 5-11 cm long, usually 5-7 times branched, staminate 

calyx 4-toothed, pistillate corolla 4-5 lobed (1: corymbosus) ..... 14 

Petioles densely hairy, lower surface of leaves strigose, leaf apex 

1. 

f 2. 

12. 

13. 

13. 

14. 

acuminate, staminate cymes 9-1 1 cm long ............... .................... I: corymbosus var. corymbosus 

leaf-apex scarcely acuminate, staminate cymes 5-8 cm long ..... ..................... I: corymbosus var. takumatsui 

14. Petioles subglabrous, lower surface of leaves thinly appressed puberulent, 

Timonius albus Volkens 

Tirnonius albus Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:475-476, 1901 .-Valeton, Bot. 

Jahrb., 63:305-306, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr., 382, 1933.-Fosterg, Occ. 

Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:217, 1940.-Foskrg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:278, 1979.-Fosberg and Sachet, Micronesica, 20 157, 1987. 

Shrub or small tree, vegetative parts glabrous except domatia 

in axils of principal leaf-veins and inner surface of stipules; 

leaves chartaceous or rarely subcoriaceous, ovate to elliptic, 

usually broadly so up to 20 x 9.5 cm usually much smaller, 

acuminate at apex, acute or attenuate to obtuse at base, veins 5 

to 7, rarely 8, on a side, rather prominent; stipules ovateacuminate, usually less than 1 cm long, glabrous without, 

densely sericeous hirsute within; pistillate flowers rarely 

solitary on short peduncles, bracteolate at summit, usually in 

3-flowered, or 7-flowered short glabrous cymes, central flower 

sessile; hypanthium and calyx urceolate, the calyx sparingly 

puberulent, margin subtruncate to very shortly lobed, lobes 

broadly triangular-obtuse, corolla in bud tomentose, at anthesis 

thinly strigulose, tube about 5 mm long, lobes 4-5 about 2 mm 

long, reflexed; staminate cymes compact rounded, to 4 cm 

long, up to 6 times dichotomously ramified, variously reduced 

pairs of bracts united by stipules at ramifications, glabrous; 

calyx funnel form, slightly toothed, glabrous, ciliate and 

sericeous within; corolla in bud clavate, sericeous, about 7 mm 

long, stylode several mm long, slightly stigmatic distally; fruits 

globose, 1 cm or less in diam., pyrenes many. 

Endemic to Yap. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

gathomotsch (Yap: Alvis 104) 

mongaluwak nuteth (Yap: Wong 532) 

pelang (Yap: Evans 304) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Volkens, 1901:475-476. Hallier 101 (HBG, US); Kanif, Tukumutsu 1960 (P); Kunehiru 

1176 (P); Tora, 5 m, Alvis 104 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Ururu-son, Tarago, Hosokawa 8728 (BISH); Mt. Dabriol, 

Hosokawa 8758 (BISH); Kanehiru 1145 (BISH); 100 ft [30 m] 

Wong 532 (US, BISH); Koronia-Gofu, Hosokuwu 8852 

(BISH); Rull district, near Yap High School, 30 m, Evans 304 

(US, BISH, POM); Gorror I., central plateau, 100 ft [30 m], 

Hosaku 3318 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 3316 (US, BUSH, 

POM); near Garguei, N Yap, 70 m, Cushing 416 (US); near 

Dinay, Cushing 327 (US), 328-b (US); hill 0.5-0.7 mi [0.8-1.1 

km] SW of Gitam, 40 m, Fosberg 46561 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L), 46560 (US, BISH); plateau W of Gatschapar, and N of 

Maa, Tomil District, Fosberg 25615 (US, BISH); N end of 

Gagil District, high ground SW of Maki, 30-50 m, Fosberg 

25610 (US, BISH, POM, NY); N end of Gagil District, Maki, 

2-5 m, Fosberg 25590 (US, BISH, POM); Dinay, S Yap, 25 m, 

Cushing 325 (US, GUAM); S of Loran Sta., Gagil-Tomil, 

Stemmermann 3154 (BISH); near old Japanese airplane parking 

area, NW of airport, Falanruw 3314 (US), 3340 (US); savanna 

N of airport, Falunruw 3201 (US); Adebue, Fulanruw 3380 
NUMBER 81 125 

(US); Tabiwol, near Bulochang abandoned village, Fosberg 

60054 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); near Fanaalily, on road to 

airport, Fosberg 60070 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); W end of 

proposed new airport site, Sternrnerrnann 3512 (BISH), 3488 

(BISH). 

Timonius corymbosus Valeton 

Timonius rorymhnsus Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:307, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. 

Micr., 382, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 425, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. 

Mus.. 15:217, 1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 

1979.-Fosberg et al.. Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg and Sachet, 

Micronesica, 20:158, 1987. 

Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall, young growth thinly and very 

minutely sericeous-puberulent, internodes variably quite long, 

on flowering branchlets rarely as short as 1 cm.; leaves up to 14 

x 8 cm, usually smaller, broadly ovate to elliptic or oval or 

slightly obovate, apex obtuse to acutish, or acuminate, usually 

very slightly and shortly so, base obtuse to acute, sometimes 

slightly decurrent, appressed pubescent, or glabrous except 

when very young, main veins 5-7 (-8), petiole 1-1.5 cm long; 

stipules triangular acuminate, up to 7 mm long, sericeous, 

especially on midrib, ciliate, densely appressed villous within; 

cymes axillary, tending to be sericeous, slender, tending to be 

flat-topped, branches tending to be scorpioid, staminate usually 

4-7 times dichotomous, ultimate branchlets either somewhat 

scorpioid or with one or more scale-like bractlets part way up 

and a pair at the summit subtending the flower, pistillate 

inflorescence, flowers and fruit of only var. takarnatsui known, 

described under that variety. 

Apparently endemic to Palau, occurring in two varieties, one 

from Koror, substratum not recorded, the other mainly from the 

limestone islands. 

Timonius corymbosus Valeton var. corymbosus 

Leaves thin-chartaceous or membranous, elliptic to slightly 

obovate; acuminate, appressed pubescent beneath, midrib 

slightly so above, densely beneath, petiole densely appressedhirsute, cymes 9-11 cm long, 5-7 times branched; staminate 

flowers with calyx cup-shaped, 1 mm long, shortly 4-toothed, 

sparsely appressed-hirtellous and ciliolate; corolla 10 mm long, 

strongly sericeous without, tube 8 mm, lobes 5, ovate, 2 mm 

long. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: 20-30 m, Feb 1914, 

Lederrnann 14051 (B, lectotype). 

Timonius corymbosus var. takamatsui 

Fosberg & Sachet 

Timonius corymbosus var. iakamaisui Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica, 20: 159, 

1987. 

Differing from var. coryrnbosus especially in its broader 

much less hairy leaves, petiole glabrous, shorter, staminate 

cymes as in var. coryrnbosus, but 5-8 cm long; pistillate cymes 

slender, to 4 cm long, long-pedunculate, 1-2 (-3) times 

branched, very small bracts subtending branches, connected by 

a stipular line, central flowers sessile at each ramification, 

lateral flower closely subtended by 2 to 4 minute bractlets; 

pistillate flowers with hypanthium about 2 mm long, calyx 

urceolate, the 4 triangular teeth spreading somewhat, persisting 

on fruit; corolla tube 5-6 mm long, somewhat dilated upward 

or not, glabrous within, densely sericeous without, lobes also, 

these 4 (-5), ovate 2-2.5 mm long, spreading or reflexed, 2 

bands of papillae within, antherodes linear, sessile in throat; 

style with 2 or more flattened branches, these irregularly 

tridentate or slightly trifid, then again dentate, apical parts of 

branches somewhat exserted; hit globose, 5-7 mm diameter 

when dry, irregularly mammillate, pyrenes 16 or more, 

radiating-ascending in vertical rows, fusiform and slightly 

curved, free. 

Found on Olopshacal (= Aulupse’el) Island, northernmost of 

the large limestone islands of Palau, Arimasuku, Kaiguru, 

Peleliu, and Angaur. In leaf characters this variety resembles i? 

korrense, but the staminate inflorescences are much more 

slender, more times ramified, and the flowers much smaller; 

pistillate cymes more slender, more branched, placing it in i? 

coryrnbosus. 

GOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Aulupse’el (Olopshacal): 

Takarnatsu 1478 (P, isotype, BISH, holotype), 1458 (BISH, 

US), 1452 (BISH); Kaiguuru, Takamatsu 1580 (BISH); S side, 

Risong, Matuker Bay, 2 m, Fosberg 47569 (US, BISH, POM 

CHR, TI, BM, QLD, MO, A); 10 m, Canfield 254 (US). 

Ngemelis Group: Arimasuku, Hobdy 1445 (BISH). Peleliu: 

Blackburn 283 (US, BISH, POM); 15 ft [4.5 m], Hosaka 3423 

(US, BISH, POM). 

Timonius korrensis Kanehira 

Tirnonius korrensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45:351, 1931; R. Micr., 384, 

1933; Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:277-278, 1935; Enum. Micr. PI., 428, 

1935.-Fosberg and Sachet, Micronesica, 20159-160, 1987. 

Timonius corymbosus sensu Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 

1979 [pro parte; non Valeton, Bot. Jahrb. 63:307, 19301. 

Shrub or small tree, young parts very slightly to somewhat 

appressed-pubemlent; leaves, to 6 x 9 cm, usually smaller, 

chartaceous to subcoriaceous, broadly elliptic or oval to 

slightly ovate or obovate, shortly but sharply acuminate at 

apex, base acute to obtuse or subtruncate, glabrous to sparsely 

appressed hirtellous beneath, the 5-7 veins on a side with small 

domatia with tufts of hair in axils, petiole 5-15 mm long; 

stipules triangular acuminate, 10- 14 mm long, thinly sericeous 

on outside, densely so within; cymes axillary, less slender than 
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

in 1: corymbosus, rather open, branches scorpioid, flowers 

sessile, secund, one sessile in each dichotomy; staminate cymes 

once or twice dichotomous, or rarely sub-thyrsoid, peduncle 

1-3.5 cm long, branches elongate to as much as 10 cm, with 

6- 10 sessile flowers; pistillate cymes shorter, once dichotomous, peduncle 2-2.5 cm long, branches to 3.5 cm, with 5-6 

flowers on a branch; staminate flowers with hypanthium 

turbinate 1.5 mm high, subglabrous, calyx campanulate 1.5 mm 

long, sharply 5-toothed, corolla tube 12 mm long, densely 

sericeous outside, slightly dilated near top, lobes (4-) 5, oblong 

5 mm long, sericeous outside, slightly papillose within, 

spreading, anthers partly exserted; pistillate flowers with 

hypanthium and calyx urceolate, about 5 mm long, 5 toothed, 

sericeous inside and out, corolla tube 11 mm long, densely 

sericeous without, slightly ampliate upward, lobes 5, oblong, 

recurved, glabrous within; fruit globose, 5-6 mm in diam., 1-3 

maturing on a cyme. 

Koror and southern Babeldaob, and an uninhabited coral 

island near Koror. Syntypes, Kanehira 105, 460, from Koror. 

Only one mature flower present on each sheet studied, inner 

parts and fruit not seen. Neither type or other Kanehira material 

seen by us, except no. 2462. 

GOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: Arumizu (Ngarmid), 

Hosokawa 9090 (A); l/4 mi [0.4 km] from Rendrok dock, at 

base of limestone cliff, Salsedo 437 (US); s. l., Kanehira 2462 

(P, US); Ngelmeduch, l/8 mi [0.2 km] from KB bridge, 8 m, 

Shearard and Spence 75 (US). Malakal: s. l., Tuyarna 9329 (K). 

Timonius ledermannii Valeton 

Tirnonius [edermunnii Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:305, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. 

Micr., 386, 1933; Enurn. Micr. PI., 426, 1935.-Hosokawa, Journ. Jap. Bot., 

1356, 13:284, 1937; Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 7:201, 1937.-Fosberg, Occ. 

Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:217, 1940.-Glassrnan, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:96, 

1952.-Fosberg. Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 1979.-Fosberg 

and Sachet, Micronesica, 20:157, 1987. 

Tree to 20 m tall, glabrous, branchlets with short internodes 

distally, longer below; leaves subcoriaceous, rather broadly 

elliptic to slightly obovate or ovate, mostly 10-15, (-20) x4-7 

cm, base acutely contracted, apex shortly but sharply narrow 

acuminate, 8-12 rather inconspicuous nerves on a side, 

anastomosing into a faint scalloped submarginal nerve, 

network close and conspicuous beneath, much less so on upper 

surface, areolae mostly 2-3 times as long as wide, groups 

conspicuously at angle to each other, petiole stout, (1-) 2-3 

(-4) cm long; stipules thin, to 10 cm long rolled around 

terminal bud; inflorescences short, a little longer or shorter than 

petioles, staminate cymes stiff, tending to be recurved, 3-5 

flowered, peduncle compressed, dorsiventrally, flower sessile 

or subsessile, articulate to cyme branches subtended by a tiny 

point or bracteole, pistillate reduced to single-flowered peduncles 1-2 cm long, stout, compressed while in flower, notably 

articulate at summit but almost ebracteolate; flowers white or 

pinkish white; staminate flowers 4 merous, calyx cup-shaped, 

truncate, almost 2 mm long, on a rudimentary ovary, corolla 

tube about 6-8 (-10) mm long, lobes 4 (-3, acuminate, bud 

notably 4-sided, anthers linear, 7.5 mm long, 1 mm bifid at 

base, pistillode about 4 mm long, finely tapered and minutely 

bifid at apex; pistillate flowers with ovary globose, about 6 mm 

diam. at anthesis, calyx ring erect, truncate, larger in diameter 

than corolla tube, corolla in bud acuminate, at anthesis tube 

cylindric to funnelform, about 8 mm long, 2 mm thick, lobes 

8-13, lanceolate, acuminate with subulate tips, central zone 

thick, margins wide, membranous, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide at 

base, recurved; united portion of style columnar, 4.5 mm long, 

1 mm thick, branches (lo-) 14, fleshy, bluntly pointed, 4-5 mm 

long; fruit black, 9-11 mm high, 12-13 mm wide, depressed 

globose, apex subtruncate, crowned with 6 mm calyx ring, 

style-scar round, with a cavity within, pyrenes in 24-26 

vertical series of about 15-16, radiating from a cylindrichemispheric placenta or circle of placentae arranged around 2 

hollow cells, pyrenes 3 mm long, compressed, rounded on one 

edge, acute on other, about 1 x 0.5 mm transversally. 

Endemic to the wet forest of Ponape and Truk, above 400 m 

elevation. Very distinct from and not related to the other 

Micronesian species of the genus. 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

shouri (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

syauri (Truk, Tol: Hosokawa, 1937) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Truk: "01: 1400 ft [420 m], Stone 

5338 (US, GUAM); Uriribot, Hosokawa 8260 (BISH, A, US). 

Ponape: Niinioanil (Niinani), Hosokawa 5673 (BISH, A, 

US); Niinoani-zon, Kanehira 833 (BISH); Mt. Nanalaut, Top, 

700 m, Takarnarsu 1080 (BISH); Mt. Tromail, top, 600 m, 

Takarnatsu 977 (BISH); Mt. Poaipoai, 2100 ft [640 m], 

Glassrnan 2500 (BISH, US); Mt. Troton (Tolotom), Hosokawa 

5705 (A, BISH), 5769 (BISH); top of Mt. Sonkakayama 

(Toleailuka), Takarnatsu 817 (BISH); near summit of Mt. 

Nanalaut, 2000 ft [600 m], Stone 2003 (GUAM); Mt. Nanalaut 

and Mt. Nginani, near summit, 2550 ft [775 m], Stone 5472 

(US, GUAM); Tolun Nanket, mountain above Nanipil, Not 

District, 500 m, Fosherg 26460 (US, BISH, POM, CHR, L); s. 

I., Kanehira 1564 (P, US), 1565 (US); Kupsorujo, top of 

mountain, Takarnatsu 691 (BISH), 692 (BISH); Mt. Seletenreh, 

U Distr. NW face, Stone 5431 (GUAM); Paul, Hange des Tol, 

7-800 m, Lederrnann 1384 (B, lectotype), 13418 (B), 600 m, 

13690 (B); s. l., Lederrnann 13360 (B); trail from Awak Valley 

to Mt. Tolonashapper, 560 m, Stemrnerrnann 6570 (BISH). 

Timonius mollis Valeton 

Tirnonius moilis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:305, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. Micr. PI., 
NUMBER 81 127 

1935.-Foskrg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:217, 1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular P1. Palau, 42, 

1980.-Fosberg and Sachet, Micronesica. 20:160, 1987. 

Timonius tomentosus Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:305, 1930. 

Timonius villosissimus Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48:923, f. 9, 1934; Enum. 

Micr. Pl., 426, 1935. 

Small tree, generally sparsely to densely villous-hirsute, only 

sparsely so on upper leaf surfaces (more densely on principal 

veins), internodes mostly short; leaves broadly elliptic to 

usually broadly obovate, up to at least 27 x 15 cm, thin, apex 

acuminate, base cordate-auriculate, usually unequally so, 

nerves 9 to 11 on a side, prominent, anastomosing distally in a 

weak submarginal vein, network between nerves inconspicuous, petiole thick, 1 (-1.5) cm or usually less long, densely 

hirsute; stipules straight, ovate, strongly acuminate, up to 15 

mm long, soon caducous; staminate cymes dense, subcapitate, 

at most 2 cm long, shortly pedunculate, at least twice ramified, 

about 1 1 -flowered, densely short-hirsute, flowers in bud only, 

buds ellipiosidal, hirsute, calyx lobes lanceolate unequal; 

pistilate flowers on short peduncles (to 10 mm) or subsessile, 

hypanthium subglobose, calyx deeply parted into 6 linear lobes 

3-12 mm long, corolla up to 15 (-17) mm long, cut about ‘h 

into 6 lance-ovate lobes; fruit globose to depressed globose, up 

to 15-18 mm wide, 12 mm high, pubescent. 

The type of T mollis, Ledermann 14342, from Palau, 

Babeldaob, Ngarsul, consisting of 2 pieces mounted on the 

same sheet, adequately described by Valeton, was probably lost 

in the destruction of the Berlin Herbarium. A duplicate could 

conceivably exist in another herbarium. 

Timonius tomentosus was published by Valeton in his key to 

the Micronesian species, but in the text I: mollis was used. T 

tomentosus was probably a lapsus on Valeton’s part, but was 

published with descriptive material in the key. Since he did not 

accept it, apparently, it is invalidly published (Art. 34, ICBN). 

Apparently endemic to Palau, except that a sterile specimen 

collected by Otto Swezey on Guam may be a seedling of T 

mollis. 

Three varieties should be recognized, a small-leafed, 

small-flowered one corresponding to Valeton’s species, and a 

larger leafed, larger flowered one corresponding to Kanehira’s 

T villosissimus represented, at least, by Takamatsu 1623, and 

an intermediate one approaching I: subuuritis. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Malakal: Tuyama 9331 

(GUAM). Variety not determined. 

Timonius mollis Valeton var. mollis 

Timonius mollis Valeton var. mollis. 

Pubescence rather prominent, spreading, leaves thin, elliptic, 

acuminate, cordate at base, blade, especially the veins, 

somewhat hirsute, more so beneath, petioles densely hirsute, 

fruit densely strigose. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Garmiscan, Hosokawa 9138 (BISH, A); Arekalong, Takamatsu 1660 (BISH); 

Kaiguru, Takamarsu 1623 (BISH); Mt. Elsum, Hosokawa 9255 

(A). Aulupse’el: Matuker Bay, 30-50 m, Fosberg 47540 (US). 

(This is a seedling with similarly reflexed stipules to the Swezey 

Guam collection mentioned above, but with obtuse rather than 

subcordate leaf bases). 

Timonius mollis var. submollis Fosberg & Sachet 

Timonius mollis Val. var. submollis Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica, 20: 161, 

1987. 

Leaves tending to be firm, pubescence thin, subspreading to 

appressed, leaf bases obtuse to subcordate, calyx lobes, 

especially of staminate flowers, lanceolate, fruit minutely 

strigulose, fruiting peduncle 1.5-4 cm. 

This variety seems almost intermediate with T suhauritus 

but its lanceolate calyx lobes suggest that it belongs with T 

mollis. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Ngarakabesang: W side near 

old Japanese seaplane base, Fosberg 25630 (US, holotype, 

BISH, POM, CHR, L, A, isotypes); W peninsula, 10-20 m, 

Fosberg 32474 (US, BISH, POM). Babeldaob: Dam site, Airai, 

Fisher 118 (US). 

Timonius mollis var. villosissimus (Kanehira) 

Fosberg & Sachet 

Timonius mollis var. villosissimus (Kanehira) Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica, 

Timonius villosissimus Kanehira, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 48:923, 1934. 

20:161, 1987. 

Whole plant much more conspicuously hirsute than in var. 

mollis, hairs generally spreading, tending to be somewhat 

matted on stems, petioles and main veins, and to be appressed 

on flowers and fruits, fruit densely silky-strigose. 

The characters used by Kanehira to distinguish his species 

from I: mollis, larger leaves and fruits and longer pedicels, do 

not hold up with more specimens than were available to 

Kanehira. We do not find these characters at all reliable, but the 

much denser and more conspicuous pubescence seems to 

justify at least varietal separation, contrary to the opinion 

expressed earlier (Fosberg, 1940). A specimen of the lectotype 

collection at K bears an apparently unpublished name by 

Kanehira, based on the name of the type locality. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Babeldaob: Aimeliik, Kunehira 2305 (US, lectotype, K, NY, isolectotypes); Lake 

Ngardok, 50 m, Fosberg 32586 (US, BISH, POM); SW of Mt. 
128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Yekigaroto, 130 m, Fosberg 47690 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Kaiguru, Takamatsu 1623 (BISH). 

Timonius nitidus (Bartling ex de Candolle) F.-Villars 

Timonius nitidus (Bartlingex de Candolle) F.-Villars, Nov. App. Fl. Filip., 109, 

1880.-Merrill, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 15544, 1919.-Kanehira, Enum. 

Micr. PI.. 426, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:560, 1971.-Kani et al., Univ. 

Guam Mar. Lab. Tech. Rept., 16:12, 1974.-Souder, In Guam Gardens, 61, 

1974.-Falmw and Payne, Life on Guam, 18:44, 68, 1976.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 1979.-Moore and McMakin, 

Plants of Guam, 76, 1979.-Fosberg and Sachet, Micronesica, 20:157, 1987. 

Petesin nitidn Bartling ex de Candolle, Prod., 4:395, 1830. 

Timonius albus sensu Walker and Rodin, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 30:466, 1949 

[non Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:475, 19011. 

Shrub (or small tree?), internodes subterete to slightly 

sub-appressed hirsute when very young, 4-angled, glabrate, 

dark brown with fine white lines, nodes with a fringe of straight 

hairs in axils of stipules; leaves elliptic to slightly obovate, to 7 

x 3, or 9 x 4 (rarely to 1 1 x 5) cm, acute, veins 5 or 6 on a side, 

not prominent, with fine network, somewhat strigose beneath 

when very young, especially on midrib, soon glabrate, firm to 

subcoriaceous, petiole 0.5- 1.5 cm long; stipules triangular, 

somewhat acuminate, sparsely strigose dorsally, densely so 

within, caducous; staminate cymes 2-3 cm long, slender, 

dichotomous, 3-5 flowered glabrous or nearly so; staminate 

flowers with rudimentary inferior ovary, cup-shapedcampanulate slightly 5-dentate calyx: corolla white, tube, 

slender, thinly sericeous, about 8 mm long, slightly ampliate 

upward, lobes 5, linear-oblong, blunt, recurved sericeous 

without, glabrous within; anthers in sinuses, partly exserted, 

pistillode about 2 mm long; pistillate inflorescence oneflowered (rarely triflorous cymes, Stone 3858; Fosberg 43459), 

peduncles slender, 20-22 mm long, with a pair of acuminate 

scale-like bracts at summit; flower with hypanthium plus calyx 

urceolate, slightly 5-dentate, about 4 mm long; corolla tube 

thick, 4 mm long, densely sericeous, lobes 5, oblong, about 4 

mm long, blunt, sericeous without, glabrous within, reflexed; 

stigmatic branches about 6, exserted, tapering; fruit globose or 

somewhat depressed-globose, black, 7- 10 mm across, with 

many sub-angular narrowly turbinate pyrenes about 3 x 1.5 

mm. 

Marianas, apparently endemic to Guam, known only from 

savanna vegetation on volcanic soil (except for Moore 466, 

558). 

maholok layu, sumak ladda (Guam: Falanruw and Payne, 

sumac lada, maholoc layer (Guam: Merrill, 1919) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

1976) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IS LANDS.^^^^: s. l., Guerrero 762 (BISH); 

Nelson 16 (K): gulley near Mt. Chachao, Swezey in 1936 

(BISH, US); Manengon, dry savannas, Stone 4850 (GUAM): 

Manengon, volcanic savanna, hills near falls of the upper Ylig 

R., Stone 3857 (GUAM), 3828 (GUAM), 3812 (GUAM); 

Umatac Dist., hills between La Sua Fua R. and Cetti R., 80 m, 

Stone 3899 (GUAM); N of mouth of Laguas River, Sasa Bay, 

Ecology class LR 2910 (US): mouth of Sasa River, edge of 

mangrove swamp, Moore 558 (US, GUAM); S of Asan Pt. and 

Piti, 90 m, Anderson 74 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 72 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L), 61 (US, BISH, POM, NY), 69 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY), 71 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Manengon, 

150 m, Evans 1784 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Umatac, ridge 

crest SE of town, 60-70 m, Anderson 287 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY); Cotal conservation area on Cross Island Road, 100-300 

m, Sacher 1706 (US, BISH), 1707 (US, BISH, GUAM), 1708 

(US, BISH); Cotal conservation area, E of Apra Heights, 160 

m, Fosberg 43459 (US, BISH, POM, NY), 43465 (US, BISH, 

POM, NY), 43460 (US), 43461 (US), 43462 (US), 43463 (US, 

BISH), 43464 (US); Agat, Achugao, 500 ft [152 m], Hosaka 

3191 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 3191A (US); Umatac, 75 m, 

Fosberg 31261 (US, BISH), 31262 (US, BISH, POM, NY); 

Com-Marianas Fuel Storage, 100 m, Fosberg 35214 (US, 

BISH, POM); Cross Island Road, Moore 538 (GUAM); 

Umatac River Valley, Moore 481 (GUAM); Nav. Mag., Moore 

496 (GUAM); Tarzan Falls, near Cross Island Road, near 

observation tower, Cotal, Fosberg 59788 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L), 59789 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); N on trail to Tarzan 

Falls, Cotal, Fosberg 59796 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Haputo 

Pt., N.C.S., P.H. Moore 466 (US, BISH). 

Timonius ponapensis Valeton 

Timonius ponapensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:306-307, 1930.-Kanehira, Fl. 

Micr., 388, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 426, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. 

Mus., 15:217, 1940.-Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 33:121, 

1943.-Glassman, Bish. Mus. Bull., 209:97, 1952.-Fosberg, Sachet, and 

Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 1979.-Fosberg and Sachet, Micronesica, 

20157-158,1987. 

Tree or shrub to 15 m tall, young parts sparsely to densely 

appressed villous, branching tending to be "terminalioid": 

Lower internodes are elongate, becoming very short distally; 

leaves chartaceous, obovate to rather broadly elliptic, up to 14 

x 7 cm, rarely (Takamafsu 588, probably a young plant or 

sprout) much larger, apex abruptly narrowly acuminate, base 

rather cuneately contracted, veins 6 to 8 (rarely 10 on very large 

leaves) on a side, upper surface very sparsely strigose, midrib 

and veins appressed villous, lower surface more densely, but 

still thinly, appressed-hairy, petiole 1-2.5 cm long, subappressed pilose; stipules broadly triangular-acuminate, densely 

appressed hairy within and without, less so toward margins, 

6-8 mm long, erect becoming spreading, caducous rather 

tardily; cymes in upper axils; staminate cymes 2-3 cm long, 

somewhat appressed pilose, peduncle straight, divergent, 1- 1.5 

cm long, about twice dichotomous with a sessile flower in the 

fork, then 3-4 flowers sessile on a branch scorpioidly arranged, 

often crowded; calyx turbinate, hairy, 5-toothed: corolla bud 
NUMBER 81 129 

blunt at tip, tube densely sericeous, 8-10 mm long slightly 

dilated upward, lobes (4-) 5, spreading to reflexed, blunt; 

anthers 5, linear, 4 mm long, base bifid, apical 1 mm exserted, 

pistillode cylindric, bifid at tip; pistillate cymes appressed hairy 

to spreading pilose, about 3-4 cm long, twice dichotomous, a 

sessile flower in each fork, flowers 5-7 sessile, lateral ones 

subtended by 2 subulate bractlets; hypanthium plus calyx 

urceolate, hairy, corolla hypocrateriform, tube 5 mm long, 

densely sericeous, lobes 6, lanceolate-ovate, style unequally 

about 6-branched, apparently tubular, branches somewhat 

exserted, antherodes linear, 1.5 mm long, in throat; fruit 

globose, about 9-1 0 mm diameter crowned with perisistent 

calyx cup, pyrenes about 24, oblong, packed together in 

vertical rows about 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. 

Endemic to Ponape at rather low elevations; related to the 

complex of species in Palau and Yap. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-kehn (Ponape: Glassman 2874). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-POnape: s. l., Kanehira 1510 (BISH, 

US); Kanehira 1624 (P); Reitau genseirin, 100 m, Hosokawa 

9576 (BISH, A, US); vicinity of Kolonia, Glassman 2874 

(BISH, US); Sharabok (Salabrik), 100 m, Takamatsu 588 

(BISH); Kanehira 1521 (US); Tolealuka, Takamatsu 826 

(BISH); Pailapalap, 20-40 m, kdermann 13390~ (B), 13465~ 

(B), 13726~ (B), 13873 (B, lectotype), 13487 (B); Patapat, 

4-600 m, Ledermann 13361 (B); near Merlap, W coast 1-1.5 

mi [1.6-2.4 km] N of Palang, Fosberg and Falanruw 58371 

(US, BISH, POM, CHR, L), 58372 (US, BISH, POM, CHR, L, 

QLD, TI, MO, NY, BM, P, A). 

Timonius salsedoi Fosberg & Sachet 

Timonius salsedoi Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica, 20: 162, 1987. 

Notably hirsute-pilose small shrub, branchlets slender; 

leaves thin, elliptic to slightly obovate, up to 17 x 8-9 cm, apex 

acuminate, base cuneate, upper surface very sparsely appressed 

hirsute, more on midrib and veins, much more so beneath, 

veins 9 on a side, network rather obscure; petioles hirsute, 1-2 

cm long; stipules tardily caducous, ovate strongly acuminate, to 

10 mm long, sericeous without, more on midrib, strongly so 

within; staminate cymes not seen; pistillate reduced to a single 

flower on a slender straight peduncle 2 cm long, with 2 connate, 

densely sericeous ovate-acuminate bracts at summit subtending 

fruit, drupe (immature) subglobose, densely sericeous, crowned 

with calyx with 5 or 6 unequal ovate lobes, pistillate corolla 

densely sericeous without, glabrous within, tube 7 mm long, 

lobes 5, broadly oblong-ovate, spreading, glabrous internally, 

fleshy, 5 linear antherodes 1.8 mm long half-way up corolla 

tube, style 9 mm long, branches flattened, coherent, tridentate; 

mature fruit lacking. 

Perhaps close to i7 corymbosus, more resembling i7 mollis 

in solitary pistillate flowers, but more slender with different 

shaped leaves, longer pistillate peduncle, ovate calyx lobes, and 

5-lobed corolla. 

Known only from the type locality in Palau (Belau). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Malakal: 100 m, rare in undergrowth in forest on slopes of hill on volcanic soil, 25 Aug 1965, 

Fosberg 47508 (US, holotype). 

Timonius subauritus Valeton 

Timonius subaurirus Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:308, 1929-1930.-Kanehira, Fl. 

Micr., 389, 1933; Enum. Micr. PI., 426, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. 

Mus., 15:217-218, 1940.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 

15:279, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg and 

Sachet, Micronesica, 20:162-163, 1987. 

Shrub or small tree, branchlets tending to be somewhat 

fistulose, lower internodes of a flowering branchlet up to 15 cm 

long, distal ones much shorter, to as little as 5 or even 3 mm, 

glabrous, not or only obscurely quadrangular, becoming 

nodose from leaf scars; leaves broadly elliptic to somewhat 

obovate, up to 15 x 8 cm, apex acute or obtusely subacuminate, 

base from obtuse to somewhat cuneate, principal nerves 7 to 10 

(1 1) on a side, blade thick-chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 

glabrous, petiole strong, 8-15 mm long; stipules tnangularacuminate, firm, apex strongly involute, 10-12 mm long, 

externally slightly strigose when young, becoming glabrous, 

internally densely appressed pilose, persistent on 1-2 nodes, 

then caducous; staminate cymes 1-3 cm long, in uppermost 

leaf axils, strigose, glabrate, peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm, once 

dichotomous with a sessile terminal flower, branches short, 

subscorpioid, each with 3 to 5 subsessile secund flowers, 

usually rather crowded; hypanthiium and calyx strigose, 

glabrate, lobes 4-5, triangular to obscure; corolla densely 

white strigose, in bud 8-10 mm long, clavate, tube 11 mm 

long, 4-5 lobed, lobes ovate, recurved, 4 mm long, anthers 

subexserted; pistillate flowers on axillary peduncles 0.5-3 (-4) 

cm long, strigose, glabrate, with a pair of ovate-acuminate 

ciliate bracts at summit closely subtending flower; hypanthium 

plus calyx urceolate, strigose, glabrate, calyx lobes 4-5, 

triangular acute; corolla externally densely white strigose, tube 

cylindric, 6-7 mm long, about 4 mm thick, lobes 6-7, oblong 

ovate, acutish, 3-3.5 mm long, spreading, papillose within, 

stigmas 4-5 or more, exserted, lanceolate, fleshy; fruit globose 

or depressed-globose, about 1-1.5 cm long, fleshy, probably 

black when ripe. 

Endemic in volcanic parts of Palau, in savannas and scrubby 

forests, especially around edges, known from Babeldaob, 

Koror, Malakal Islands, and 70 Islands. 

This species is probably closest to i? mollis Valeton. It 

approaches Z mollis through its var. strigosus and through Z 

mollis var. submollis. 

Two varieties may be distinguished, the typical, vegetatively 
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

glabrous var. subauritus, and a vegetatively strigose var. 

strigosus. They seem to occur sympatrically, but no information is available as to whether or not they occur in different 

ecological situations. 

Timonius subauritus Valeton var. subauritus 

This is the common form, vegetatively glabrous or subglabrous, to which the above description applies. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Central Ngeremlengui Munic., savanna above upper Ngarmiskan R., 50 m, 

Canfield 601 (US); Ngetpang, Otobed P-10152 (US); Ngatpang, Hosokawa 9671 (BISH, A, US); Ibabang, 10 m, 

Raulerson 6051 (US); SW of Mt. Yekigaroto, 130 m, Fosberg 

47681 (US): Melekeok [= Melekiok] Munic., S of Lake 

Ngardok, 65 m, Canfield 355 (US); Garudokku [= Ngardok], 

Takamatsu 1418 (BISH); Lake Ngardok, 75-100 m, Fosberg 

32573 (US, BISH, POM, L); Mt. Unkesyu, Garasumao, 

Hosokawa 7125 (A); Gapip, 100 ft [30 m] Hosaka 3362 (US); 

Ngergiil Arraii, Salsedo 319 (US); Nekken, Fosberg 50593 

(US); dam site, Airai, Fisher 127a (US), 123 (US), 115 (US); 

Airai Munic. E of reservoir, 15 m, Canfield 594 B (US), 594 A 

(US), 772 (US, BISH); Airai Munic., E of reservoir, 15 m, 

Canfeld 588 (US); Airai, Hosaka 3416 (US); river upstream 

from Airae, Stemmermann 3285 (BISH); “Garikiai,” 18 Apr 

1936, Takamatsu 1733 (BISH, 2 sheets). Koror: 10-20 m, 

Ledermann 14196 (B, lectotype, B, isolectotype), 14196 

(cymes very congested, 1-2 cm long at most, buds only, calyx 

and hypanthium sparsely sericeous-canescent, pedicels less 

than 1 cm Malakal): Tuyama 9329 (GUAM); Makarukol, 

Hosokawa 9282 (A); “Peleiu” s. l., Kanehira 2344 (P), 2284 

(US), 1962 (US). 70 Islands: Island 24, Manner LR 16745 

(US); Bikulomekerall, 5 m, Raulerson 16550 (US). 

Timonius subaurirus var. strigosus Fosberg & Sachet 

Timonius subauritus var. strigosus Fosberg & Sachet, Micronesica 20: 163, 

1987. 

This differs in its notably strigose young growth, leaf veins 

and petioles. In its hairiness and thinner leaf texture it 

approaches T mollis, especially 7: mollis var. submollis. 

It is known only from Palau, Babeldaob Island, especially in 

A i rai Municipality . 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECI’MENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Babeldaob: “Aimiliiki-son and 

Ailai Island,” Hosokawa 7279 (A, holotype, US, isotype); Airai 

Municipality, 0.2 mi [0.3 km] E of reservoir, 15 ft [5 m], 

Canfeld 593 (US); Gakip, 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka 3362A (US, 

BISH) (leaves rather broader, thicker and less strigose than 

other specimens, toward var. subauritus). 

Timonius timon (Sprengel) Merrill 

Timonius timon (Sprengel) Merrill, Journ. Am. Arb., 18:131, 1937.-Fosberg, 

Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 1979.-Fosberg et al., Vascular PI. 

Palau, 42, 1980.-Fosberg and Canfield, Micronesica 16:200, 1980 

[1981].-Fosberg and Sachet, Micronesica, 20163-164, 1987. 

Erirhalis fimon Sprengel, PI. Min. Cog. Pug., 1:18, 1813. 

Polyphragmon sericeus Desfontaines, Mern. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 6:6, t. 2, 

Timonius sericeus (Desfontaines) K. Schurnann in Schurnann and Hollmng, R. 

Timonius rumphii de Candolle, Prodr., 4:461, 1830 [norn. illegit.]. 

1820. 

Kaiser Wilhelrnsland, 131, 1889. 

Shrub or small tree, to 8 m, stems spreading to subappressed 

or appressed villous, or even silky, internodes 0.5-10 cm long, 

terete or, when short, somewhat squarish, when young with 4 

slightly longitudinal ridges; leaves to 15 x 5 cm, somewhat 

obovate to elliptic, apex acuminate to prominently so, tip blunt, 

base contracted, acute or very slightly decurrent, thin, slightly 

appressed villous on upper side of midrib, slightly or more so 

beneath, sometimes with tufts of hair in vein mils, main veins 

5 to 8 on a side, petioles 1-1.5 cm long, slightly sericeous to 

villous: stipules linear-lanceolate attenuate, 1-4 cm long, 

sheathing terminal bud, caducous from about second node, 

silky-villous without, glabrous within; staminate cymes 1.5-3 

cm long, sericeous, pedunculate, few-flowered, compact, only 

buds seen, corolla in bud, calyx lobes 5, unequal, apices 

rounded, sericeous, narrowly clavate, limb somewhat tapering, 

blunt; pistillate flowers solitary or very rarely 2-3 on axillary 

peduncles, bracts at summit minute, caducous or absent, 

hypanthium and calyx not much swollen at anthesis, thinly 

sericeous, lobes slightly unequal, erect, ovate to oblong from an 

erect collar, corolla sericeous without, tube about 5 mm long, 

lobes 7, 2.5 mm long, erect to spreading, glabrous within; fruit 

globose, 15 mm diameter, crowned by remains of calyx, 

pyrenes in vertical rows, about 2 mm long, dorsiventrally 

somewhat compressed. 

Native from Timor and the Moluccas, Northern Australia, 

New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. Introduced to Palau 

during or since World War I1 and thoroughly naturalized in 

Peleliu and Angaur. 

VERNACULAR NAME.-hberal (Palau: Otobed P-10119). 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Palau: Peleliu: s. I., Otobed P-10119 

(US); between small cemetery and beach, Raulerson I7045A 

(US); S part, near NE end of airstrip, 2-4 m, Fosberg 47638 

(US, BISH, POM, MO, K, NY), 47640 (US, BISH, POM), 

47639 (US, BISH, POM, L, MO); between airport and Bloody 

Nose Ridge, Raulerson 17045 (US), Angaur: NE of former 

phosphate drying plant, 3 m, Canfield 408 (US); N of power 

plant, 3 m, Canfield 701 (US); NE of power plant, 4 m, 
NUMBER 81 131 

Canfield 695 (US); just N of phosphate drying plant, 8 m, 

Canfield I77 (US); NW interior, 10 m, Canfield 752 (US), 753 

(US). 

Timonius sp. 

Slender gray stems branching at 45” angle, internodes low on 

branch to at least 5.5 cm, becoming very short 3-5 mm distally, 

glabrous except stipule scars; leaves obovate to elliptic (scaly), 

to 9 x 3.5 cm, glabrous, veins inconspicuous, 4 or 5 on a side, 

base cuneate, apex slightly bluntly acuminate; stipules narrowly triangular acuminate, 3-5 mm long, thinly strigose 

without, densely so within, pistillate flowers on axillary slender 

stiff pedicels 2-3 cm long, or more, rarely in 3(-2) flowered 

cymes to 7 cm long, peduncle 1.5-5 cm, central flower sessile, 

hypanthium urceolate, 2 mm long, calyx 2 mm, lobes 4(-5 ?) 

low triangular, 1 mm long; corolla densely sericeous, tube 4 

mm long, lobes 4-5, narrowly oblong, spreading-recurved; 

stigma lobes exserted, 2(-4 ?), very acute. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMEN EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-“Ins. Carol.” “N. J. A.” (N.J. Andersson ?) (S). 

Trukia Kanehira 

Trukia Kanehira Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:278-279, 1935.-Fosberg, Phytologia, 

Randia pro rnin. park, non L., Gen. PI., 1753; Sp. PI., 1192, 1753. 

621171-176, 1987. 

Small trees or large shrubs, unarmed, diffusely branched; 

leaves opposite, petiolate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous or 

membranous (?), elliptic, oblong, or obovate; stipules ovate to 

lanceolate, subpersistent; inflorescence fasciculate to cymose, 

axillary or at terminal node and becoming axillary; flowers 

pedicellate, calyx cup-shaped; corolla salverform, tube short, 

enlarged upward, limb tapering and pointed in bud, lobes 5, 

spreading or reflexed; anthers oblong, dorsifixed near base of 

throat; style slender, stigma fusiform of 2 coherent lobes tardily 

separating; ovary bilocular, ovules many; fruit subglobose, 2-3 

cm or more diameter, becoming scurfy on drying, locules filled 

with fleshy placenta; seeds 8 to 10 or more in a locule, 

embedded in placenta, irregularly compressed. 

A small, poorly known genus, a segregate from Randia, 

perhaps closest to Rothmannia, extending from India to 

Thailand and Australia, eastward in the Pacific to Truk and 

Tahiti. 

Trukiu carolinensis (Valeton) Kanehira & Hatusima 

Trukia carolinensis (Valeton) Kanehira & Hatusirna, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 50:606, 

1936.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Japan, 7:20. 1937.-Fosberg. 

Phytologia, 62:173-174. 1987. 

Randia carolinensis Valeton, Bot. Jahrb., 63:302, 1930.-Kanehira, Enurn. 

Micr. PI., 424, 1935.-Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish. Mus., 15:216, 1940.- 

Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:277, 1979. 

Timonius megacarpus Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 46:494, 1932. 

Rhopalobrachium megacarpum (Kanehira) Kanehira Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 

46:674, 1932; Fl. Micr., 376, 1933. 

Trukia megacarpa (Kanehira) Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49:279, 1935; 

Enum. Micr. PI., 426, 1935.-Hosokawa in Yamamoto et al., Mat. for Study 

of Fl. Form. and Micr., 36, 1936. 

Shrub or small tree, to 10 m tall, vegetative parts glabrous or 

subglabrous, stems gray, squarish but not sharply angled; 

leaves obovate to elliptic, to 30 x 14 cm, usually much smaller, 

shortly and bluntly acuminate at apex, base cuneate, veins 9 or 

10 (12) on a side, network not prominent, petiole rather stout, 

1-2 cm long; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, 

dorsally carinate, shortly connate at base; inflorescence a once 

or twice dichotomous cyme, variously reduced to subfasciculate, axillary or more rarely at terminal node and 

becoming axillary, branches somewhat scorpioid or subhelicoid, flowers very few on a branch at any one time, 

pedicellate, pedicels 5 (-10) mm long, jointed to very short 

“branchlets” (actually short successive axes), subtended by 

ovate scale-like bracts in pairs, whole cyme glabrous; hypanthium and calyx turbinate-cup-shaped, truncate or margin 

obscurely obtusely dentate; corolla white with short swollen 

tube to 7 mm long, densely white sericeous-strigose, “tubus 

intus dense hirsutus pilis erectis,” lobes to 1 cm long, broadly 

lanceolate, slightly hastulate at base, glabrous, in bud tapering, 

very slightly contorted and overlapping to left; anthers 

narrowly oblong, apiculate, dorsifixed at base of throat; style 

glabrous, stigma fusiform, obtuse, of 2 coherent tardily 

separate halves; fruit globose, to about 4 cm diam, lepidote 

externally, and somewhat rugose when dry, mesocarp very 

thin, endocarp thin but hard, indurated, circular scar of calyx 10 

mm broad, surrounding disk 6 mm broad, septum very thin, 

breaking away from endocarp; seeds compressed, hard, 16-20 

embedded in the loosened placental mass. 

Very common in thickets and forests on the larger islands of 

Truk, one doubtful sterile collection from Yap. 

VERNACULAR NAMESmaluag (Yap: Fosberg 25533) 

aespot (Truk, Tol: Pelzer 30) 

asappuer (Truk, Tol: Wong 266) 

asepar (Truk, Moen: Pelzer 30) 

aspwen (Truk, Tol: Wong 266) 

chomis (Truk, Dublon: Pelzer 42) 

kisinom (Truk, Moen: Fosberg 24552,24540) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: Mt. Matude, 160 m, Fosberg 

25533 (US, BISH). 

Truk: Moen: Mt. Trokken, Hosokawa 8405 (BISH, A, US); 

slopes and main ridge of Mt. Teroken, Fosberg 24610 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L); Mt. Teroken, Stone 2059 (US); on slope 

back of Moen village, 5 m, Anderson 767 (US, BISH, POM, 

NY, L), 788 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); Mwan, 150-200 m, 
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Falanruw 3506 (US); above water tower and Japanese gun 

emplacement, Grimm 72 (US); Spence 443 (BISH); E ridge of 

Mt. Winipion, Fosberg 60249 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); 

Wichen River, Stemmermann 3053 (BISH). Dublon: Upper 

ridge and top of Mt. Tolomen, 200-360 m, Fosberg 24552 

(US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 24540 (US, BISH, POM); Toloas, 

Pelzer 42 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L); “Auf dem Rusken 11s. 

Tolowan” Hallier 22 X 03 (HBG, 2 sheets, US); Natsushima 

(Dublon), Takamatsu 155 (BISH); 158 (BISH), 83 (BISH) 69 

(BISH); 800 ft [245 m], Hosaka 2766 (US, BISH, POM, NY, 

L). Tol: Takamatsu 38 (BISH); 300-400 m, Kanehira 1275 

(BISH, US, NY, P); Uriribot, Hosokawa 8279 (BISH, A, US); 

s. I., Pelzer 30 (US, BISH); Mt. Winipwoot, 1400 ft [425 m], 

Wong 266 (A, US, BISH); Mt. Tumuital (Uiniboet), 200-460 

m, Fosberg 24470 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), 24469 (US, 

BISH, POM, NY, L). Udot: Monowe, hill back of village 

Fosberg 60242 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L). Fefan: Mt. Ibal, 

Hosokawa 8368 (BISH, A, US); Messa village, 100-200 m, 

Falanruw 3528 (US). 

Uncaria Schreber 

Uncaria Schreber, Gen. Pl., 1:125, 1789 “om. Cons.]. 

Lianas with a main stem and differentiated (plagiotropic) 

branches originating supra-axillarily from the main shoot, 

producing reduced leafless lateral branchlets that either become 

recurved forming hooks or act as peduncles that bear the 

“heads,” usually really many-flowered umbels, flowers sessile 

or usually pedicellate, sometimes conspicuously so, bracteolate 

or not, heads or umbels subtended by stipular bracts, leaves 

opposite, pinnately few veined, often with domatia in vein 

axils; stipules entire to bifid, those forming stipular bracts 

sometimes foliaceous, with glands (colleters) at base inside; 

flowers always borne in heads or umbels, 5-merous, calyx tube 

short, 5 lobes various, sometimes with diminutive secondary 

lobes (epicalyx) alternating with them; corolla funnelform to 

hypocrateriform, lobes valvate or sub-imbricate; stamens 

inserted in upper part of corolla tube, anthers well exserted, 

spreading; style longer than corolla tube, stigma exserted, 

globose to turbinate; ovary 2-locular, placentas axile, attached 

to septum in upper part, ovules many, imbricate upward; fruit 

a septicidal (later somewhat loculicidal) capsule; seeds with a 

wing on each end, the lower one bifid. 

A pan-tropical genus, with most species in the IndoMalaysian region, one in Micronesia, related to, sometimes 

regarded as a variety of a Malesian one. 

Uncaria korrensis Kanehira 

Uncaria korrensis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 48:924, 1934; Enurn. Micr. Pl., 

427, 1935.-Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver, Micronesica, 15:279, 1979.- 

Fosberg et al., Vasc. PI. Palau, 42, 1980. 

Uncaria glabrara sensu Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45:352, 1931; Fl. 

Micr.,466. 1933 [non (Blume) DC. (1830)l. 

Uncaria gambir sensu Okabe, Bull. Trop. Indust. Inst., Palau, 5:14, 1940 [as 

Uncaria lanosa var. korrensis (Kanehira) Ridsdale, Blurnea, 24:88, 1978. 

Gambier; non (Hunter) Roxb. (1814)l. 

Vine, stems square, glabrous except pilose in axils of 

stipules, branching very slightly supra-axillary, leaves broadly 

ovate to broadly elliptic, to 8 x 4 cm, acuminate, base obtuse to 

rounded, blade thin, glabrous except for a few hairs on upper 

side of midrib, veins 5-6 on a side, petiole slender 5-6 mm 

long; stipules early caducous, bracteal ones red, somewhat 

bifid; nodes either bearing axillary branchlets or these modified 

into recurved or even coiled spines, unmodified ones with a 

node about 314 the way up, the part below the node curved, 

glabrous, the part above slender, brown sericeous, bearing a 

globose receptacle with many short villous pedicels, these 

enlarging upward into fusifom ovaries, appressed villous 

below or to summit, crowned with 5 lanceolate-subulate 

filiform, pilosulous pink calyx lobes; corolla pinkish yellow, 

with filiform tube 6-8 (-10) mm long, lobes oblong to broadly 

oval about 2 mm long, apices rounded, outer surfaces minutely 

puberulent, margin tending to be revolute; anthers ovatelanceolate to oblong, apex blunt; style glabrous filiform, long 

exserted, stigma clavate; fruit narrowly fusiform, up to 1 cm 

long, dehiscing only septicidally, valves eventually opening 

out flat, not or scarcely split at apex; seeds including narrowly 

lanceolate white wing 4-5 mm long, body sub-orbicular, 

0.2-0.3 mm long, dull brown, muriculate. 

Ridsdale has made this one of many varieties of the Malesian 

U. lanosa Wallich, which he construes in a very broad sense, 

which may be justified. However, he discusses only the calyx 

and hypanthiurn characters. Since we have no material 

available of U. lanosa, sensu stricto, and have not seen a 

modem description of it, we will continue to treat U. korrensis 

as a separate species, endemic to Palau. We give a rather full 

description so that it can be compared in detail. Ridsdale has 

also reported U. lanosa f. appendiculata from Micronesia on a 

sterile specimen on which he gives no other data, locality or 

collector. 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORD AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Ledermann 14355 (B). Koror: 

Hobdy 1506 (BISH). 

SYNONYMS AND MISAPPLIED NAMES OF Rubiaceae 

Amaracarpus Blume; see Psychotria L. at least for Micronesian species 

Amaracarpus carolinensis Valeton; see Psychotria hombroniana var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg 

Amaracarpus carolinensis var. squarrosa Valeton; see Psychotria homhroniana var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg 

Amaracarpus heteropoides Valeton; see Psychotria hombroniana var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg 

Amaracarpus hirtellus Valeton; see Psychotria hombronianu 
NUMBER 81 133 

var. hirtella (Valeton) Fosberg 

hroniana var. kusaiensis (Kanehira) Fosberg 

var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg 

ana var. kusaiensis (Kanehira) Fosberg 

ana var. ladronica (Hosokawa) Fosberg 

hroniana var. hirtella (Valeton) Fosberg 

malaspinae Merrill 

nae Memll 

(Baillon) Fosberg var. hornbroniana 

sis Valeton for Micronesian records 

Richard 

Richard 

Bikkia tetrandra (L. f.) A. Richard 

Arnaracarpus kanehirae Hosokawa; see Psychotria hornArnaracarpus kraerneri Valeton; see Psychotria hornbroniana 

Arnaracarpus kusaiensis Kanehira; see Psychotria hornbroniArnaracarpus ladronicus Hosokawa; see Psychotria hornbroniArnaracarpus rnacrophyllus Valeton; see Psychotria hornArnaracarpus rnalaspinae (Merrill) Kanehira; see Psychotria 

Arnaracarpus rnariannensis Kanehira; see Psychotria malaspiArnaracarpus rotensis Hosokawa; see Psychotria hornbroniana 

Bikkia grandiflora var. tenuiflora Valeton; see Bikkia palauenBikkia longicarpa Valeton; see Bikkia tetrandra (L. f.) A. 

Bikkia rnariannensis Brongniart; see Bikkia tetrandra (L. f.) A. 

Bikkia rnariannensis var. longicarpa (Valeton) Fosberg; see 

Borreria G.F.W. Meyer; see Sperrnacoce L. 

Borreria hispida (L.) Schumann; see Sperrnacoce hispida L. 

Borreria laevis (Lamarck) Grisebach; see Sperrnacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon for Micronesian records 

Borreria ocyrnoides (Burmann f.) de Candolle; see Sperrnacoce 

rnauritiana Gideon in Verdcourt for Micronesian plants 

Borreria rotundifolia Valeton; see Sperrnacoce hispida L. 

Canthiurn korrense (Valeton) Kanehira (sphalm.); see Canthiurn barhaturn var. korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg 

Canthiurn korrorense (Valeton) Kanehira; see Canthiurn 

barbaturn var. korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg 

Canthiurn oblongurn (Valeton) Kanehira; see Canthiurn barbaturn var. korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg 

Canthiurn polyneurum (Valeton) Kanehira; see Psychotria 

rnerrillii Kanehira var. polyneururn (Valeton) Fosberg 

Canthiurn tinianense (Kanehira) Kanehira; see Canthiurn 

odoraturn var. tinianense (Kanehira) Fosberg 

Canthiurn verticillaturn (Valeton) Kanehira; see Gynochthodes 

ovalifolia (Valeton) Kanehira 

Carinta Wight; see Geophila D. Don 

Carinta herbacea (Jacquin) Wight; see Geophila repens var. 

asiatica (Rheede ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fosberg 

Cinchona ledgeriana Moens; see Cinchona calisaya Weddell 

Corrnigonus Rafinesque; see Bikkia Reinwardt 

Corrnigonus rnariannensis (Brongniart) Wight in Safford; see 

Gardenia jasrninoides Ellis; see Gardenia augusta (L.) Merrill 

Geocardia Standley; see Geophila D. Don 

Bikkia tetrandra (L. f.) A. Richard 

at least for Micronesian records 

Geophila reniforrnis var. asiatica Rheede ex Chamisso & 

Schlechtendal; see Geophila repens var. asiatica (Rheede ex 

Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Fosberg 

Gynochthodes trukensis Hosokawa; see Gynochthodes ovalifolia (Valeton) Kanehira 

Hedyotis alarnaganensis Hosokawa; see Hedyotis laciniata 

Kanehira 

Hedyotis albido-punctata (Merrill) Fosberg; see Hedyotis 

strigulosa (Bartling ex de Candolle) Fosberg 

Hedyotis auriculata L. ex Hatusima; see Hedyotis auricularia L. 

Hedyotis corniphylla Kanehira spelling error for Hedyotis 

cornifolia Kanehira 

Hedyotis costata var. lutescens (Kanehira) Fosberg; see 

Hedyotis vestita var. lutescens (Kanehira) Fosberg 

Hedyotis laciniata var. takarnatsui Fosberg; see Hedyotis 

divaricata (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyotis lutescens Kanehira; see Hedyotis vestita var. lutescens (Kanehira) Fosberg 

Hedyotis rnariannensis Memll; see Hedyotis foetida var. 

rnariannensis (Merrill) Fosberg 

Hedyotis plurifurcata Hosokawa; see Hedyotis divaricata 

(Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyotis saipanensis Hosokawa; see Hedyotis scabridifolia 

Kanehira 

Hedyotis unicelloides (Valeton) Hosokawa error for Hedyotis 

uncinelloides (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Hedyotis vestita R. Brown ex G. Don; see Hedyotis vestita var. 

lutescens (Kanehira) Fosberg for Micronesian plants 

Ixora arnplifolia (sensu Micronesian authors; see Eugenia 

stelechantha (Diels) Kanehira 

Ixora carolinensis Hosokawa (including varieties); see Ixora 

casei Hance 

Ixora conferti’ora Valeton; see Zxora casei Hance 

Ixora confertiflora var. parvifolia Hosokawa; see Ixora casei 

Ixora dufl Baine; see Ixora casei Hance 

Ixorafraseri Hort. ex Gentil; see Ixora coccinea L. 

Ixora rnacrothyrsa sensu auct. plur. esp. hort. [non (Teysmann 

& Binnendijk) T Moore]; see Ixora casei Hance 

Ixora pulcherrirna Volkens; see Ixora casei Hance 

Ixora pulcherrirna var. lanceolata Kanehira; see Ixora casei 

Ixora volkensii Kanehira; see Ixora casei Hance 

Ixora volkensii var. lanceolata (Kanehira) Kanehira; see Ixora 

casei Hance var. lanceolata (Kanehira) Fosberg & Sachet 

Leptopetalurn Hooker & Amott; see Hedyotis L. 

Leptopetalurn kanehirae Hatusima; see Hedyotis kanehirae 

Mitracarpus Zuccarini; see Mitracarpus Zuccarini 

Mitracarpus torresianurn Chamisso & Schlechtendal; see 

Morinda glandulosa Memll; see Morinda umbellata var 

Hance 

Hance var. lanceolata (Kanehira) Fosberg & Sachet 

(Hatusima) Fosberg 

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) de Candolle 

glandulosa (Memll) Fosberg 
1.34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Morinda indica L.; see Morinda citrifolia L. 

Morinda longipetala Kanehira; unpublished name for Morinda 

Morinda volubilis (Blanco) Memll; see Morinda salomonienMussaenda sericea Blume; see Mussaenda philippica A. 

Oldenlandia L.; see Hedyotis L. 

Oldenlandia alhido-punctata Memll; see Hedyotis strigulosa 

Oldenlandia auricularia (L.) F. Mueller; see Hedyotis auricuOldenlandia biJora L.; see Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lamarck 

Oldenlandia corymbosa L.; see Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) 

Lamarck 

Oldenlandia divaricata Valeton; see Hedyotis divaricata 

(Valeton) Hosokawa 

Oldenlandia foetida Forster f.; see Hedyotis foetida var. 

mariannensis (Merrill) Fosberg for Micronesian records 

Oldenlandia fruticulosa Volkens; see Hedyotis fruticulosa 

(Volkens) Memll 

Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxburg; see Hedyotis lancifolia 

Schumacher for Micronesian records 

Oldenlandia korrorensis Valeton; see Hedyotis korrorensis 

(Valeton) Hosokawa 

Oldenlandia korrorensis var. mollis Valeton; see Hedyotis 

korrorensis var. mollis (Valeton) Hosokawa 

Oldenlandia mariannensis (Merrill) Valeton; see Hedyotis 

foetida var. mariannensis (Memll) Fosberg 

Oldenlandia megalantha (Memll) Valeton; see Hedyotis 

megalantha Memll 

Oldenlandia paniculata L.; see Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lamarck 

Oldenlandia ponapensis Valeton; see Hedyotis ponapensis 

Oldenlandia strigulosa Bartling ex de Candolle; see Hedyotis 

Oldenlandia tomentosa Valeton; see Hedyotis tomentosa 

Oldenlandia uncinelloides Valeton; see Hedyotis uncinelloides 

Oldenlandia verticillata L.; see Hedyotis verticillata (L.) 

Oldenlandia vestita (R. Brownex G. Don) Drake; see Hedyotis 

Ophiorrhiza palauensis var. biseta Fosberg; see Ophiorrhiza 

Pentas carnea Bentham; see Pentas lanceolata (ForsskAl) 

Petesia P. Brown; see Timonius de Candolle for Micronesian 

Petesia nitida Bartling ex de Candolle; see Timonius nitidus 

Plectronia L.; see Canthium Lamarck for most Pacific species 

Plectronia korrorensis Valeton; see Canthium barbatum var. 

salomoniensis Engler 

sis Engler for Micromesian records 

Richard for Micronesian records 

(Bartling ex de Candolle) Fosberg 

laria L. 

(Valeton) Kanehira 

strigulosa (Bartling ex de Candolle) Fosberg 

(Valeton) Hosokawa 

(Valeton) Hosokawa 

Lamarck 

vestita var. lutescens Kanehira 

palauensis Valeton 

DeFlers var. carnea (Bentham) Verdcourt 

species 

(Bartling ex de Candolle) F.-Villars 

korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg 

Plectronia oblonga Valeton; see Coffea liberica for type, but 

Canthium barbatum var. korrorense (Valeton) Fosberg for 

Kanehira records of Canthium oblongum (Valeton) Kanehira 

Plectronia obovata Valeton; see Psychotria merrillii Kanehira 

Plectronia ovalifolia Valeton; see Gynochthodes ovalifolia 

Plectronia verticillata Valeton; see Gynochthodes ovalifolia 

Portlandia L.; see Bikkia Reinwardt for Micronesian records 

Portlandia tetrandra Forster; see Bikkia tetrandra (L. f.) A. 

Psychotria carolinensis (Valeton) Fosberg; see Psychotria 

Psychorria gaudichaudii Kanehira; see Psychotria mariana 

Psychotria herbacea Jacquin; see Geophila repens 

Psychotria ipecacuanha Stokes; see Cephaelis ipecacuanha 

Psychotria ponapensis Fosberg; see Psychotria hombroniana 

Randia carolinensis Valeton; see Trukia carolinensis (Valeton) 

Randia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Memll; see A idia cochinchRandia densiflora (Wallich) Bentham; see Aidia cochinchinenRandia graeffei Reinecke; see Aidia cochinchinensis Loureiro 

Randia tinianensis Kanehira; see Canthium odoratum var. 

Rhopalobrachium Schlechter & Krause; see Trukia Kanehira 

Rhopalobrachium megacarpum (Kanehira) Kanehira; see 

Spermacoce ocymoides Burmann f.; see Spermacoce mauriSpermacoce suffrutescens Jacquin; see Spermacoce assurgens 

Tarenna glabra Merrill; see Tarenna sambucina (Forster) 

Timonius korrensis Kanehira [pro parte]; see Timonius corymTimonius megacarpus Kanehira; see Trukia carolinensis 

Timonius villosissimus Kanehira; see Timonius mollis Valeton 

Trukia megacarpa (Kanehira) Kanehira; see Trukia carolinenUncaria gambir L.; see Uncaria korrensis Kanehira for 

Uncaria glabrata de Candolle; see Uncaria korrensis Kanehira 

Uncaria lanosa var. korrorensis (Kanehira) Ridsdale; see 

(Valeton) Kanehira 

(Valeton) Hosokawa 

Richard 

hombroniana var. squarrosa (Valeton) Fosberg 

Bartling ex de Candolle 

(Stokes) A. Richard 

var. hirtella (Valeton) Fosberg 

Kanehira & Hatusima 

inensis Loureiro 

sis Loureiro 

tinianense (Kanehira) Fosberg 

for Micronesian species 

Trukia carolinensis (Valeton) Kanehira & Hatusima 

tiana Gideon in Verdcourt for Micronesian records 

Ruiz & Pavon 

Durand ex Drake 

bosus Valeton 

(Valeton) Kanehira & Hatusima 

sis (Valeton) Kanehira & Hatusima 

Micronesian species 

for Micronesian species 

Uncaria korrorensis Kanehira 
NUMBER 81 135 

Uragoga L.; see Psychotria L. and Cephaelis Swartz for 

Uragoga homhroniana Baillon; see Psychotria hombroniana 

(Baillon) Fosberg 

cacuanha (Stokes) A. Richard 

Micronesian records Uragoga ipecacuanha (Stokes) Baillon; see Cephaelis ipe-