SMlTHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NUMBER 36 

Flora of Micronesia, 

3: Convolvulaceae 

F. Raymond Fosberg 

and Marie-Helenee Sachet 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1977 
.4 B S T R A C T 

Fosberg, F. Raymond, and Marie-Helene Sachet. Flora of Micronesia, 3: Convolvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 36, 34 pages, 1 figure, 

1977.-The third installment of the Flora of Micronesia includes a brief introduction with acknowledgments and references to the previously published parts 

of the flora. A floristic taxonomic account of the Convolvulaceae of Micronesia 

is given, with descriptions, keys, synonymy, ethnobotany (including vernacular 

names and uses), and citations of geographic records and herbarium specimens. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DFXCN: Leaf clearing from 

the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised) 

Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908- 

Flora of Micronesia. 

(Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20, 24, 36) 

Bibliography: V. 1, p. 14. 

Contents: 1. Gvmnospermae. 2. Casuarinaceae, Piperaceae, and My’icaceae. 3. Convolvulaceae. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:20 

1. Botany-Micronesia. 2. Ethnobotany-Micronesia. I. Sachet, Marie Helene, joint author. 

Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 20 

QKl.SZ747 no. 20, etc. [QK473.M5] 581’.08s [581.9’96’5] 74-1 1316 

11. Title. 

[etc.] 

111. Series: Smithsonian Institution. 
Contents 

Page 

1 Introduction .......................... """"""~"""'"" 

CONVOLVULACEAE ................................................. 4 

Aniseia Choisy ................................................. 5 

Argyreia Loureiro ............................................ 

CuscutaL. ....................................... 

Evolvulus L. .................................... 

Ipomoea L. ............................................... 

Merrernia Dennstedt ex Hallier f. 

Operculina Manso ............................................ 29 

Stictocardia Hallier f. ......................................... 30 

Synonyms and Excluded or Misapplied Names . . 31 

34 

5 

5 

6 

..................... 

.... 

Literature Cited ... ... .. 

iii 

Flora of Micronesia, 

3: Convolvulaceae 

F. Raymond Fosberg 

and Marie-Helene Sachet 

Introduction 

The third installment of the Flora of Micronesia 

treats the family Convolvulaceae, with five native 

and two introduced (plus one doubtful) genera, 

including twelve probably native species and fifteen 

clearly introduced ones or widespread tropical 

weeds, It follows essentially the format of the first 

and second installments (Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 20 and 24). 

Further and more complete bibliographic detail 

may be found in Sachet and Fosberg, Island Bibliopaphies (1955), and its Supplement (1971), with 

a complete list of serial abbreviations. 

For details of the history and circumstances of 

the present flora, as well as an explanation of its 

scope and arrangement, reference may be made to 

the introductory pages of the first installment. 

In citations of specimens, the collector’s name 

and number are italicized and the herbaria where 

they are deposited are indicated only if the specimen has been examined by the authors. Herbarium symbols are according to the 6th edition of 

Index Herbariorum, Part I, compiled by Holmgren 

and Keuken, 1974. In this edition the symbols 

“HAW” for the University of Hawaii and “GUAM” 

for the University of Guam are introduced, differing from those used for these two herbaria in 

installments 1 and 2. The symbol “Fo” is used for 

F. Raymond Fosbei-g and Marie-Helene Sachet, Department 

of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. 

specimens still in the possession of the authors. We 

wish to thank, again, the authorities of the various 

herbaria where we have studied or borrowed material, for the privilege of using their collections 

and for their hospitality. 

As mentioned in the first installment, we cannot 

list the many persons who helped us in the field, 

in the herbarium, and in the office. For the preparation of this chapter, however, we owe special 

gratitude to Miss Frances J. Corridon, who transcribed and arranged much of the geographical 

information and citations, and typed an earlier 

version of the manuscript; Mrs. Denise Ford typed 

the manuscript on the edityper, eliminating errors 

and incorporating changes and new material; Mr. 

Royce Oliver handled specimens, transcribed data 

from them, kept readily available the materials on 

which the treatment is based, and on occasion 

saved us from making or perpetuating errors; Miss 

Dulcie Powell, a specialist in the New World Convolvulaceae, critically checked various sections of 

the manuscript. 

In preparing this account we have drawn freely 

on the valuable works of S. J. van Ooststroom on 

the Llalaysian Convolvulaceae (1938, 1939, 1940, 

1943, 1945, and van Ooststroom and Hoogland, 

1953), without accepting fully all of the conclusions 

found there. We gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness and appreciation of the critical and 

meticulous work of these authors. Dr. Daniel F. 

Austin, contemporary authority on the family has 

generously made available his critical knowledge 

and has saved us from making a few mistakes. 

1 
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4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

We ale also indebted to hlrs. hI. J. van SteenisKruseman and Dr. I$’. T. Stearn for their critical 

work in establishing exact dates for a great many 

of the works cited. The dates cited with the refeiences are ordinarily those on the title pages, with 

corrected dates added in square brackets. AlOst of 

the latter are taken from Flora Malesiana I by the 

above authors (1954), and from additional articles 

supplementary to this, by Mrs. van Steenis, published in Flora Malesiana Bulletin. “Taxonomic 

Literature” (Stafleu, 1967) was also consulted foi 

problematic dates. 

In the text we have used unpublished information in the form of personal communications from 

Prof. Harold St. John of the B. P. Bishop Museum, 

Prof. Walter Lewis of Washington University, Prof. 

Daniel Austin of Florida Atlantic University, hlr. 

Carl Stensland, retired from the U.S. Geological 

Survey, Prof. Joe Marshall of the University of 

Arizona, Alrs. 11. V. C. Falanruw of the Yap Institute of Natural Science, and Mr. Donald Anderson 

of the H. L. Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu. iVe wish 

to express our thanks to these people for providing 

this information and permitting us to use it. 

In the paragraph headed “Uses” under the 

various species, we have, where the material was 

not too verbose, copied more or less verbatim from 

field labels, field notes, published articles and books, 

but have used quotation marks only where they 

9eem useful to clarify the source of the information. 

The sources are always provided, except in cases 

where the information is from our own personal 

knowledge. 

CONVOLVULACEAE 

Herbaceous or woody twiners or creepers, rarely 

erect herbs or shrubs (very rarely trees but not in 

hlicronesia), frequently lactiferous but not copiously 

so; leaves alternate, frequently cordate, hastate, or 

sagittate, simple but occasionally deeply divided 

or palniatifid so as to appear compound, rarely 

pinnately divided; stipules none; calyx of 5 free 

sepals; corolla sympetalous, not ordinarily deeply 

lobed or divided; stamens 5, attached to corolla 

near base, or part way up tube; ovary superior, 

2-, 5-, or 4-celled with 2 basal ovules in each cell, 

style usually single, filiform, rarely 2 and branched; 

Key to Micronesian Genera of Convolvulaceae 

1. Leafless, threadlike, orange oi dt least tiongreen plants Cuscuta 

1. Leafy plants with green coloi 2 

2. Leaves oiate, oblong, or elliptic to liiiear, not cordate oi otheinise lobed at base 3 

3. Leaves oiate, 1-1.4 cm long, seiiceous; corollas rotate or saucei-shaped: styles 2, these 

branched Evolvulus 

3. Leaies oblong to linear, 2.5 cm or more long, not seiiceous; corollas funnelfoim to 

4. Outer sepals decunent on pedicel Aniseia 

4. Outer sepals not decurrent lpomoea aquatica 

2. Leaies iarioudy shaped, usuall) coidate, in ail\ cient lobed OI subcordate at base, rarely 

5 

5. Leaies peltate Merremia peltata 

5. Leaies basally attached 6 

6 Pollen grains smooth, antheis coiled oi curietl; corolla broadly funnelform oi 

7 

7. Outer lajei of capsule ciicuiiiscissile: lea\es 10 cm oi mole across Operculina 

7. Capsule ultimately Splitting into o\ate or lanceolate ialies; lea\es usually 5 cm 

or less across; if laiger, geneially digitate Merremia 

6. Pollen grains spinulose, anthers straight, coiolla stioiigli nartoired to base 8 

8. Fruiting calyx gieatly acciescent, thick and spong), closed at tip and completely 

hiding capsule: capsule clehiscent h\ 4 dits 01 holes between the septa; calyx in 

flouer appearing rather truncate: leaies minutely gland-dotted beneath 

Stictocardia 

8. Fruiting calyx not 01 onl) moderately accrescent, not spongy, not completely 

hiding capsule; capsule clehiscent in ialles 01 irregularly; calyx, at least in 

flolcer, not appearing truncate, leaies (in Micronesian species) not gland-dotted 

beneath lpomoea 

campanulate; style 1, filiform 4 

truncate or obtuse, then lobed at apex 

campanulate, fairly bioad almost to base 
NUMBER 36 5 

stigmas 1-3, usually thickened; fruit a 2-, 3-, or 4- 

celled dehiscent or indehiscent capsule, rarely fleshy 

or corky, cells 1- or %seeded. 

An important tropical family with a few Temperate Zone members; includes many widespread 

pioneers and weedy species, as well as tropical 

forest lianas. 

Because of the variability, the superficial similarity between genera, and the lack of reliable 

vegetative characters, keys in the Convolvulaceae 

are not as satistactory as might be desired. We have 

attempted to use vegetative characters wherever 

possible, but found no apparent way to avoid, in 

places, using obscure characters or those requiring 

a particular stage in the life history of the plant. 

Aniseia Choisy 

Aniseia Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:481, 

1833. 

Herbaceous vines with adventitious roots; leaves 

naryowed to base, usually not cordate; flowers on 

axillary peduncles; sepals very unequal in width, 

ouier ones decurrent on pedicel; corolla very 

broadly funnelform, sericeous without; stamens 

much shorter than corolla, anthers straight; style 

single, stigmas globose to oblong; fruit a capsule 

dehiscent into 4 strong valves, white within. 

Aniseia martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy 

Aruseia martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. 

Convolvulus martinicensis Jacquin, Select. Am., 26, t. 17, 1763. 

Plant sparsely to densely appressed-pilose; leaves 

narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, apex 

rounded, mucronate; peduncle with two bracts, the 

upper one occasionally bearing an abortive flowerbud, flowers single, rarely several in an umbel or 

short raceme; outer sepals broadly ovate, acuminate, 

base rounded, strongly decurrent on pedicel; corolla 

white, 1.5-2 cm long; valves of fruit ovate; seeds 

dull, sooty-brown, surface pilosulous, angles pilose. 

Pan tropic, widespread in tropical America, occasional in Africa, Asia, and eastward in the Pacific 

as far as Tonga, Fiji, and Palau. 

Nat. Geneve, 8:66, 1838.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 

\‘ERNAWL \R NAME.-tehelel-aul (Palau: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

CAROLINE IsLAms.-Palau: Babeldaob: Ngarathmao, Ttiyama in 1939 (TI). 

Yap: 1 mi [1.6 km] E of Tegeren Canal, TomilGagil, 40 m, Fosberg & Cushing 46330 (US, BISH, 

Fo, K). 

Argyreiu Loureiro 

Argyreia Loureiro, F1. Cochinch., 134, 1790. 

Lettsomia Roxburgh, F1. Ind., ed. Carey & Wallich, 2:75, 

1824 [non Ruiz & Pavbn, 17941. 

Argyreia sp. 

A sterile plant seen growing in a pot in Kwajalein 

in 1958 probably belonged to this genus. Argyreia 

nei-oosu (Burman f.) Bojer is widely cultivated but 

not, so far, known from Micronesia unless the plant 

seen in Kwajalein is that species. 

Cuscuta L. 

Cziscuta L., Sp. Pl., 124, 1753; Gen. PI., ed. 5., 60, 1754 

[ = 17531. 

Threadlike or stringlike, parasitic, yellow or 

orange, rarely greenish, vines, twining, without 

roots except when very young, attached to host 

(or to themselves) by minute haustoria; leaves 

reduced to niinute inconspicuous scales; flowers in 

small, sometimes swollen, cymose clusters, small, 

white; calyx of 5 lobes, united at least to above 

base, equal, thin; corolla 5-lobed, urceolate or 

campanulate, frequently with scalelike appendages 

within at bases of stamens; ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 

in a cell, styles 1 or usually 2, stigmas capitate to 

linear; fruit a thin-walled capsule, indehiscent, 

breaking irregularly, or circumscissile; seeds usually 

4. 

A widespread genus of many species, one of which 

has recently been introduced into Yap. 

Cuscuta campestris Yuncker 

Cuscuta canipestris Yuncker, Mem. Tow. Club, 18: 138, 1932. 

Stems threadlike, with occasional concave scales 

at ramifications, haustoria irregularly distributed; 

inflorescences somewhat thickened, forked, cymules 

irregularly helicoid or subscorpioid, with obovate 

hyaline bracts up to 2 x 1 mm, obtuse, flattish; 

flowers pedicellate, about 3 mm wide, closely subtended by a tiny obtuse scale; calyx broadly cup 
G SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

shaped, lobed to ‘/s-Y2 its length, lobes semicircular, slightly overlapping at sinuses; corolla 

tube broad, included, lobes about equalling tube, 

exserted, ovate, obtusish but mucronulate, tending 

to be reflexed, about 1 mm long; scales with 

seveial blunt linear processes on each side of filament; stamens exserted, filaments inserted in 

sinuses, anthers broadly elliptic, curved, about 0.6 

mm long, filaments about as long; ovary with apex 

depressed, styles filiform, about 1 mm long, stigmas 

capitate; fruit depressed globose, about 2.5 mm 

across, with a large hole in top between persistent 

styles; walls hyaline translucent; seeds about 1 mm 

across, subglobose with concavities from crowding, 

dark dull brown with black spot (hilum?), surface 

dull, cellular-ieticulate. 

Recentl) adventive, native of North America, 

widespread but not too common in the south 

Pacific from Indonesia to Fiji, Tahiti, Tuamotus, 

and Christmas Island. Said to have been brought 

to Yap from Hawaii, but this seems unlikely, as 

another distinct species, C. sandwichiana is the one 

found there. Parasitic on Vigna marina and grasses 

along lagoon beach. 

USE.-Worn as garlands by young people, according to M. V. C. Falanruw. 

CAROLINE IsLANw.-Yap: Colonia, a~dng lagoon 

(Chamorro, or Benjo, Bay), 1972, FaZanruw 2732 

(US). 

Euoluulus L. 

Evolvu~us L., Gen. PI., ed. 6, 152,1764 [=1762]. 

Prostrate to ascending herbs; flowers 1-few on 

axillary peduncles, the peduncle, if 1 -flowered, with 

a pair of bracts part way up; corolla saucer shaped 

to very broadly campanulate, entire or almost so; 

stamens included, or at least shorter than corolla; 

anthers straight; styles 2, forked, stigmas elongate; 

fruit a dehiscent capsule, 2-celled, 4-seeded; seeds 

smooth, black. 

A pantropical genus, principally American, but 

with two wide-ranging species, one of which is 

known in Micronesia from the Marianas. 

Euoluuhu alsinoides (L.) L. 

Evolvulus alsiizoides (L.) L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 392, 1762.-Hosokana, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. Formosa, 25:35, 1935; ms., n.d. 

Convolvulus alsinoides L., Sp PI., 157, 1753. 

A wiry pubescent herb, many stems ascending to 

rpieading from a root crown, sparsely branched; 

leaves ovate, small, densely sericeous, acute, mucronate, sessile; flowers pale bluish, very delicate, less 

than 1 cm across; capsule globose, 8-4 mm across. 

A pantropical species known in Micronesia from 

Saipan and Tinian, where it grows on open pitted 

coral limestone on coastal terraces, uncommon. 

~ZARIANAS Isr.AsDs.-Saipan: “Saipan borealis,” 

Okabe in 1941 (TI); Raurau, 50 m, Hatusima 10679 

(FU), 10692 (FU). 

Tinian: Near Tyuro village, Hosokawa 7721 (A, 

BISH); “Palm Beach,” about 1 mi [1.6 km] S of 

Faibus (San Hilo) Point, W coast of N half of 

island, Fosberg 24865 (US, BISH, Fo). 

lpomoea L. 

Ipotnoea L., Sp. PI., 159, 1753: Gen. PI., ed. 5, 76, 1754 

Quamoclit Moench, Meth., 453, 1794. 

Batatas Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:484. 

Pharbitis Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:438, 

Calonyction Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:441, 

[= 17531. 

1833. 

1833. 

1833. 

‘Twining herbaceous to woody vines, creepers, or 

rarely erect herbs or shrubs; leaves simple, usually 

cordate, entire to deeply divided or dissected, 

petiolate; peduncles axillary, flowers solitary or 

cymose; corolla narrowly funnelform or campanulate, regular to somewhat zygomorphic, entire to 

somewhat 5-lobed, plicate in bud, median lines 

heavy, intervening areas membranous; anthers included or exserted, straight; pollen grains spinulose; 

style 1, filiform, elongate, stigmas globose, 1 or 

usually 2 or 3; fruit a capsule, dehiscing into 4 

valves or irregularly. 

A large pantropical and warm-temperate genus, 

found on almost all Pacific islands, including those 

in Micronesia; many of the species widespread 

and weedy, found on beaches and in disturbed 

places, a few found in lowland forests. “Morning 

glory” is the name in general English usage for 

several species. 
NUMBER 36 7 

Key to Micronesian Species of Zpomoea L. 

1. Leaves pinnately divided into narrowly linear or filiform lobes 1. qwmoclit 

2. Leaves bilobed at apex I. ps-caprae 

2. Leaves not bilobed 3 

1. Leaves not pinnately divided 2 

3. Leaves digitately cut or divided 4 

4. Leaves divided not quite to base 5 

5. Herbaceous creeper; calyx 8 mm or less long; corolla thin, 3-4 cm long 

1. batatas 

5. Robust twining climber; caljx 1 cm long; corolla firm, 6 cm long 1. mauritiana 

4. Leaves divided to base I. horsfalliae 

3. Leaves not digitately divided 6 

6. Sepals with longitudinal keels 01 ribs, these deeply dentate toward base; leaves 

hastate or sagittate 1. setifera var. fimbrioseeala 

7. Leaves appreciably longer than wide; plants not twining 8 

8. Leaves hastate, truncate, sagittate, or cordate at base, ordinarily less than 6 

cm long; petioles fleshy; creeper; corolla 3-5 cm long 1. aquatica 

8. Leaves strongly cordate, well over 6 cm long; petioles not conspicuously 

fleshy; an erect or ascending herb; corolla 7-9 cm long 1. fistulosa 

7. Leaves nearly, or at least 5/4, as wide as long, orbicular or frequently more or 

9 

9. Sepals lanceolate, over 1 cm long, conspicuously acuminate I. indica 

9. 10 

11. Sepals conspicuously mucronate; corolla narrowly funnelformsalverform, usually red I. hederifolia 

11. Sepals not or only slightly mucronate; corolla broadly funnelformcampanulate, purple I. littoralis 

10. Sepals oblong to ovate or orbicular, not conspicuously broadened api12. Leaves more or less triangular in general outline, entire or \ariously lobed; a creeper 1. batatas 

12. Leaves orbicular, strongly cordate; twiners I3 

13. Slender vine: sepals elliptic oblong, 4-6 mm long; corolla 

14. Sepals glabrous, neither fimbriate nor ciliate; corolla 

20-25 mm long 15 

15. Peduncles bearing 1 or several very slender pedicels, 

not notably umbelloid; leaves orbicular cordate 

1. obscura 

Peduncles bearing several stout stiff pedicels in an 

umbelloid or compactly cymose arrangement: leaves 

tending to be triangular hastate or triangular cordate 1. sepiaria 

14. Sepals with at least some hairs, especially on margins; 

I. triloba 

13. Coarse vines; sepals broadly ovate or orbicular, usually well 

over 6 mm long; corolla with tube well exserted, white, usually 10 cm or more long 16 

16. Sepals strongly mucronate; stem usually with fleshy 

I. alba 

16. Sepals rounded at apex, at most very slightly mucronate; 

I. macrantha 

6. Sepals without longitudinal keels or ribs 7 

less triangular, hastate, or trilobate; plants twiners 

Sepals oblong, elliptic, ovate, or orbicular, not longacuminate 

10. Inner sepals broad towaid apex, subtruncate 11 

cally 12 

2-3 cm long 14 

15 

corolla 15-20 mm long 

spinelike processes; seeds glabrous 

stem smooth: seeds pubescent 
8 S%IITHSONIAN CONTRIBU HONS TO BOTANY 

Ipomoea alba L. 

Ipomoea albn L., Sp. PI., 161, 1753.-Stone, Miaonesica, 

Convoluulus aculealus L., Sp. PI., 155, 1753 [non Ipomoea 

Ipomoea bona-nox L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 228, 1762. 

Culoii).ction bonn-no& (L.) Bojer, Hort. Maur., 227, 1837. 

Calonyction aculeatn (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 

Caloiryction album (I,.) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31:590, 

6:490, 1971. 

uculeata Blunie, Bijdr., 715, 18261. 

31:590, 1904. 

1904.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 398, 1935. 

Extensive, usually glabrous liana, lower stems 

thick but scarcely woody, frequently more or less 

beset with fleshy spinelike processes; leaves cordate, 

entire to somewhat lobed; peduncles I-severalflowered, pedicels often thickened; flowers slightly 

rygomorphic, sepals strongly mucronate, 5-1 5 mm 

long; corolla white, open at night, closing as the 

day warms up, up to 15 cm long, funnelform but 

almost salverform, tube well exserted; stamens and 

style> somewhat exserted; stigmas 2; capsule ovoid; 

seeds glabrous. 

Pantropical, said to be of American origin (van 

Ooststroom, 1940:550), widely cultivated as the 

“moon-flower,” frequently established; in hficronesia known from Guam, where it has been found 

climbing in roadside vegetation and in scrub 

around openings at tops of cliffs on the east side 

of the island; may be planted elsewhere as an 

ornamental. 

I‘FRNACULAR N Ab!E.-moon-flower (English) 

~IARIANA~ I%~~h’~s.-Guam: just S of Talofofo 

Bay, 30 m, Fosberg 31260 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 

Ylig Point, Stone 4686 (BISH). 

Zpomoea aquatica Forskil 

Ipomorn aqiia/ica Forskal, Descr. PI. FI. Aeg.-Arab., 44, 

1775.-Otobed, ms., 1967; Guide List Plants Palau Is., 1971. 

--Stone, Micronesica, 6:491, 1971.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and 

Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22:37, 1974. 

Ipomoea reptans sensu Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, 

1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 400, 1935.-Pelzer, ms., 

1946. [Non (L.) Poiret, Encycl. Meth. Suppl., 3:460, 1813 

(1 8 14).] 

Creeping or floating, glabrous, stem rather fleshy, 

with adventitious roots; leaves with base truncate, 

cordate, sagittate, or hastate, lobes from broad to 

narrow, petioles fleshy; peduncles I-few-flowered, 

outer sepals glabrous, ovate-oblong, obtuse; corolla 

funnelform, 3-5 cm long, white or lilac, purple in 

center; stamens and styles included, stigmas 2; 

capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm long; seeds pubescent. 

Throughout the Old World tropics, spontaneous 

and planted as a potherb, especially in China and 

Thailand. In Micronesia, planted or spontaneous 

in marshy places or in open water; found in the 

Xlarianas-Pagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Guam; 

in the Carolines-Palau, Yap, Ulithi, Truk, Satawan; and in the Gilberts-Tarawa, 

Usm-Leaves cooked as greens especially to serve 

with fish (Guam: Whiting C29). Eaten as potherb 

(Koror: Fosberg C!T Evans 47432). Eaten fried with 

meat (Ulithi: Fosberg 46965). Young tips eaten 

(Truk: Fo.dwg 24417). Introduced by Japanese. 

Makes an excellent vegetable very much like our 

spinach (Truk: Pelzer, 1946). 

~‘ERN:ACUL.AH NAMES.- 

akankong (Guam: Cosleizoble in 1906) 

cancon (Guam: Merrill, 1914; Whiting C29) 

kangkung (Guam: Whiting C29) 

kangkung (Guam: Costenoble in 1906) 

kankan (Guam: G.E.S. 236) 

kangum (Palau: Blackburn 143) 

kangkum (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) 

swamp cabbage (Paiau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) 

kangking (Yap: Wong 310) 

kongkong (Yap: Wong 310) 

kangkong (Ulithi: Fosberg 46965) 

aseri (Truk: Pelzer, 1946) 

seeri (Truk: Wong 210) 

seri (Truk: A?zderson 754) 

horenso Uapanese] (Satawan: Anderson 1103) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

AIARIANAS Is~~~~s-Pagan: Fresh Water Lake, 

Fosberg 32393 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Saipan: Cameron in 1944 (BISH); Momose in 

1930 (TI); Kagman Peninsula, Courage 20 (US); S 

of Mt. Tapotchau, in swamp, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka 

2912 (US, BISH); marshes and ponds about 1 km 

S ot Lake Susupe, SE ot Chalankanoa, Fosberg 

25275 (US, BISH). 

Tinian: Okatani 66 (FU), 67 (FU). 

Rota: Slopes above As hlalote, S side of island, 

250 m, Fosberg 31884 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Guam: G.E.S. 236 (BISH, P), 48 (US, BISH, 

NSIY); Costenoble in 1906 (US); Xlerrill, 1914: 132; 

XIanilao, Whiting C29; Asan Pt., 1 m, Anderson 39 
NUMBER 36 9 

(US, BlSH, Fo, NY, L); Agana Swamp, near Agania, 

Fosberg 31244 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Agaiia 

Spring, 10 m, Evans 1714 (US, HAW); Umatac, Fosberg 35652 (US); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Piti, Glassman 

290 (Fo); 2 mi S of Agat village, Moore 277 (US). 

CAROLINE IsLAr;Ds.-Palau: Koror: Ngerebe’ed, 

Fosberg Q Evans 47432 (US); Ngerbeched, Blackburn 143 (US). Peliliu: 3-4 m, Fosberg 25872 (US, 

BISH, Fo). Angaur: central part, 4 m, Fosberg 

-75891 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Yap: Wong 310 (BISH). 

Ulithi: Falalap 1. 0 m, Fosberg 46965 (US, Fo, 

BISH, K, NY, NO). 

Truk: Wong 210 (US, BISH, Fo). Moen: Moen 

village, Anderson 754 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 

Mechetiu (Metitiu) village, Bou Bay, Fosberg 24417 

(US, BISH, Fo). 

Satawan: Anderson 1103 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Tarawa: Bikenibeu, Adair 191 

(BISH, US). 

Zpomoea butatus (L.) Lamarck 

Zpomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:465, 1791 

[1793].-Chamisso, Rem. Op., 184, 1821.-Engler, Notizbl., 

1:226, 1897.-Christian, Caroline Islands, 334, 1899.- 

Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901.-Fritz, Mitt. deutsch. 

Schutzgeb., 15:102, 1902.--Safford, Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:247, 1905.--\on Prowazek, Deutsch. Marianen, 119, 1913.- 

Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:131, 1914.-Kraaer in 

Thilenius, Erg. Suds. Exp., IIB, 10(1):182, 389, 1937.- 

Burkill, Adv. Sci., 7:446, 1951.-St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 

1951.-Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:99, 1952.-Luomala, Bishop Mus. Bull., 213:89, 1953.-Fosberg, Atoll 

Res. Bull., 39:17, 1955.-Massal and Barrau, So. Pac. 

Cornrn. Techn. Pap., 94:24, 1956.-Catala, Atoll Res. Bull., 

59:97, I957.-Murai et al., Trop. So. Pac. Is. Foods, 134, 

1958.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:103, 1959.-Fosberg and Sachet, 

Atoll Res. Bull., 9231, 1962.-Alkire, Illinois St. Anthro.. 

.5:77, 1965.-Whiting, ms., 1965.-Otobed, ms., 1967; Guide 

List Plants Palau Is., 1971.-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll. Res. 

Bull.. 123:13, 1969.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:491, 1971.- 

Yen, Bishop Mus. Bull., 236:270-271, 342, 347, 1974.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22:37, 

1975. 

Convolvulus batatas L., Sp. PI., 154, 1753.-Gaudichaud, Bot. 

Voy. Uranie, 76, 84, 1826.-Safford. Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 

9:247, 1905. 

Glabrous creeper with enlarged fusiform edible 

roots, thick stems, not twining; leaves with long 

petioles, blades more or less triangular, acuminate, 

more or less cordate to sub-truncate at base, sides 

entire or variously cut or lobed; seldom seen 

flowering; peduncles umbellately or irregularly 

branched at summit into 1-4 short pedicels, bracts 

very small; sepals glabrous, oblong to oblong-ovate, 

LIP to 8 mm long, obtuse to acute, mucronate; 

corolla light purple, campanulate, 3.5-4 cm long; 

stamens and style less than half length of corolla. 

Pantropical in cultivation, of American origin. 

In Micronesia known from the Marianas-Agrigan, 

Pagan, Alamagan, Sarigan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, 

Guam; Carolines-Palau, Yap, Ulithi, Fais, Eauripik, Woleai, Faraulap, Ifaluk, Lamotrek, Satawal, 

Murilo, h’omwin, Truk, Namoluk, Satawan, 

Ponape, Kusaie; Wake; Marshalls-Kwajalein, 

Likiep, Ailinglapalap, hlajuro, Arno, Jaluit; Gilberts-Butaritari (Makin), Tarawa. 

The species is cultivated on all inhabited high 

islands, and with some difficulty on many of the 

low coral islands. In areas where soil is thin, it is 

planted in hills that have been raked together 

(Rota); in taro pits, it is planted on hills of soil 

extending above water table (Ifaluk); in abandoned 

gardens and fields, it occasionally persists for a 

time after cultivation. There are a great many 

horticultural varieties with different leaf outlines 

and tuberous roots of different colors, shapes, and 

edible qualities. It is commonly known in English 

as “sweet potato.” Most of the compound name5 

listed below are varietal names introduced to Micronesia by the Spanish, who brought with them 

the name carnote, a derivative of the ALtec camotl, 

which has given rise to most of the Micronesian 

names. Yen (1974) has made an extensive study of 

the occurrence and differentiation of the sweet 

potato in Oceania. 

USES.-Toward the end of World War I1 when 

the Japanese, isolated on Truk, were short of food, 

coconut and breadfruit plantings were cleared 

and sweet potatoes were planted in great quantities, 

as the authorities felt this to be the way to produce 

the largest amount of food in the shortest time. 

After the war the Trukese, not caring much for 

sweet potatoes, traded them to the people of the 

surrounding atolls for coconuts which were in short 

supply on Truk. 

Tuber used as a starch staple, tender leaves 

(“punkan kamote”) cooked as greens (Guam: 

Whiting C30). Roots used as a food. “Natives seldom grew them for their own use but . . . exchanged the sweet potatoes for . . . other things 

brought by ships” (Guam: Safford, 1905). “Formerly 
S\l1 I flSOXI4N CON rRIBUrIONS TO BOTAXY 

an important crop" (Pagan: Fosberg 3135;). Cultivated but of little importance (Lamotrek: Alkire, 

1965). 

VEKSACUIAK SAMLS,- 

sweet potato [English] 

kamute (Saipan: Salforcl, 1905; yon Prowazek, 1913) 

hatatas (Guam: Whititig C30) 

camote agrigan (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826; variety said by 

Don Luis de Torres to hate been found on Agrigan I. at 

the spot where a ship had foundered) 

camote amarillo (Guam: Costetioble 1159, 1191) 

tamote chatda (Guam: Coctenoble 1161) 

camote hispani (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

camote manila (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

camote patas-ngaanga (Guam: Coslrrroble 1160) 

caniote patas nganga (Guam: Selson 411) 

camoten dago (Guam: CoJtenoble 1162) 

camo te- 11 -) ap (Guam : Cos t e ir o ble I 163) 

coinote (Guam: lvritten in I'SDA copy of Merrill, 1914:131 

kainote (Guam: Safford, 1905; Whifing C30) 

kamote amarinya (Guam: A'ekon 429) 

kamoten ainariya, kamoten chada, kamoten dago, kamoten 

mamaka, kamoten peru, kamoten sap (Guam: Whiting, 

ms.. 3065) 

agaiiist G.E.S. 222) 

kamute, kamuti, kumote (Guam: Yen, 1974) 

patas nana, patas sapanese (Guam: Whiting, ms., 1965) 

kumal (Carolines: Yen, 1974) 

emutii (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) 

komuti (Palau: Yen, 1974) 

theb-el-harath (Palau: Yen, 1074) 

tulngiit-al-baratli (Palau: Christian, 1899) 

caniotes (Yap: Chamisso, 1821) 

kamot gagil (Yap: Wofrg 478) 

kamot gala ficefic (Yap: Wong 480) 

kamot ni henikalva (Yap: Wong 389) 

kamoc ni heykngo (Yap: bVojtg 398) 

Lainot pao (Yap: Wong 479) 

kanior pur (Yap: Wo~g 430) 

kamott (Tap: Yolkens, 1901) 

camote (Ulithi: Fosberg 5 IYong 25522) 

kamote (Ulithi: Fosberg 6 Erians 46365) 

komoti henikaiva (Ulithi: Lessa 71) 

komoti bwech mechakhchokh (Ulithi: Lessa 75) 

komoti btvech ramasou (Ulithi: Le.\sa 76) 

komoti chaicijl (Ulithi: Lessa 74) 

komoti matarang (Ulithi: Ixssa 77) 

komoti ramasou (Ulithi: Lessa 79) 

komoti iangrang (Ulithi: Lessn 78) 

komotiel okinawa (Ulithi: Lessa 72) 

kotiel meriken (Ulithi: Lessa 73) 

gamuti (Fais: Kraimer, 1937) 

homote (Eauripik: F0sbei.g i- Evarrs 47126) 

komote (W'oleai: Evans 494,488) 

yamotaa (tVoleai: Wotig 19) 

gamuti (Ifaluk: Abbott and Bates 100) 

hamole (Ifaluk: Fosberg 47225) 

gamoti (Lamotrek: Kriimer, 1937) 

kamate (Lamotrek: Fosberg 46734) 

komote (Satarval: Fosberg 46866) 

potato (Nomwin: Eua~s 1122, local informant Ruda) 

kanial (Truk: Yen, 1974) 

kamuti (Truk: Murai et a]., 1958) 

komuz (Truk: Worrg 209) 

kumote (Satatvan: d4nderson 1042) 

Kap-en-tornara (Ponape: Tell, 1974) 

juweet potato (Majuro: St. John 21414) 

biteto (Arno: A7idersort 3684) 

kumara (Gilherts: Luomala, 1953) 

koumara (Butaritari: Yen, 1974) 

uara (Butaritari (Makin): Yen, 1974) 

ce kumara (Tara5S.a: Catala 155) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMISED 

\lrc~o~~s~~.--AIassal and Barrau, 1956:24. 

AIARIANAS Isr.~is~s.-,4grigan: Gaudichaud, 1826: 

76, quoting Don Luis de Torres. 

Pagan: Near Salt Water Lake, W side of island, 

Fosberg '31357 (US); 30 m from shore, Anderson 

595, 596 (US, HISH, Vo). 

Alamagan: Fritz, 1902: 102. 

Sarigan: N of village, Euan.~ 2422 (US, BISH, Fo, 

Saipan: von Prowazek, 1913: 119. 

Tinian: Gaudichaud, 1826:84; W coast, 100 ft 

[30 m], Hosaka 2869 (US, BISH, Fo): Mt, Lasso, E 

ridge, 300 ft [90 nil, Hosaka 2890 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Rota: Track from near Poniya Pt. to water caves 

350-500 m, Evans 2186 (US, Fo, HAW, MO). 

Guam: G.E.S. 222 (US, BISH, NSW); Nelson 

429 (BISH), 411 (BISH); Costenoble 1159, 1160, 

1/61, 1162, 1163, 1191 (all US): Merrill, 1914:131; 

Burkill, 1951:446 (said to have been in Guam in 

1564); LIanilao, Whiting C30 (US); Inarajan, 100 

m, Evtins 1493 (US). 

CAROLINE ISLAh'DS.-PahU: Babeldaob: Garamiscan Colony, Garamiscan River, 0-20 m, Fosberg 

25762 (US, BISH, Fo). Garikiai: Takamatsii 1735 

(BISH). Angaur: depression in hill on NW corner 

of island, 25 m, F0sbei.g 25907 (US, BISH). 

Yap: Wong 430 (US, BISH, Fo, NY), 398 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY), 389 (US, BISH, Fo), 478 (US, RISH, 

Fo), 480 (US, BISH, Fo), 479 (US, BISH, Fo); 

Koidzzrmi in 1915 (TI): Chamisso, 1821:184 

(brought from Philippines according to Cantova); 

trail to Inuf, SE Yap, Cushing 426 (US). 

Ulithi: Xlogmog I., Lessa 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 

77, 78, 79 (all BISH); FosbeTg and Wong 25522 

NY). 
&UMBER 511 11 

(US, BISH); Fosberg Q Evans 46365 (Fo); Fassarai 

I., Hosaka 3206 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 

Fais: Inland from S end of island, 15 m, Fosberg 

46662 (US). 

Eauripik: Eauripik I., Fosherg 6 Evans 47126 

Woleai: Utagal I., 1-2 m, Wong 19 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L); Falalap I., Evans 494 (US, BISH, Fo), 

488 (Fo). 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., Fosberg ~3 Evans 473iI 

Ifaluk: Ifaluk I., Fosberg 47225 US, HAW); Falalap I., Abbott Q Bates 100 (US), Fosberg 47249 (US, 

Fo, HAW). 

Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., Fosberg Q Evans 46734 

Nomwin: Fananu I., Evans 1122 (US, HAW). 

Murilo: Ruo Islet, Stone 1959: 103. 

Satawal: N side, Fosberg 46866 (US). 

Truk: Wong 209 (US, BISH, Fo); Koidzumi in 

1915 (TI, mounted with 1. mauritiana). Moen: 

Hosaka 2698 (US, BISH, Fo). Fefan: 50 ft [15 m], 

Hosaka 2744 (US, BISH, Fo, NY), 2743 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L); E side, Mesa village, 75 m, Fosberg 

24516 (US, BISH). 

Namoluk: Introduced from Guam, von Prowazek, 

1913: 119. 

Satawan: Ta I., Anderson 2042 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L). 

Ponape: Nanipiru, 150 ft [45 m], Hosaka 3530 

(US, BISH, Fo). 

Kusaie: Valley S of Lela (Lele) Harbor, 1-5 m, 

Fosberg 26646 (US, BISH). 

WAKE IsLAND.-Fosberg 34449 (us, BISH); Gaston in 1953 (BISH). 

MARSHALL IsLANDs.-Radak [Chain] : s.1. Eschscholtz, s.n. (LE); s. coll. [Eschscholtz], Herb. Fischer 

Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., seaward side of airfield, 

Likiep: Likiep I., Fosberg 27038 (US, BISH). 

Ailinglapalap: Bikajle (Bigatyelang) I., Fosberg 

26871 (US, BISH). 

Majuro: Majuro I., St. John 21,414 (BISH); 

Laura (W end of island), Fosberg 26940 (US, BISH). 

Arno: Ine I., Anderson 3684 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Jaluit: Engler 1897:226; Imruj I., Fosberg 26748 

GILBERT IsLAws.-Luomala 1953:89. 

(Fo). 

(US). 

(Fo). 

(LE). 

0-4 m, Fosberg 48055 (US, BISH). 

(US, BISH). 

Tarawa: Catala I55 (P); Betio PWD, Adair 136 

(US). 

Zponioea fistulosa Martius ex Choisy 

Zpotnoea fistulosa Martius ex Choisy in de Candolle, Prodr., 

9:34B. Jan 1845.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:491, 1971. 

Baiatas? crassicaulis Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulph., 134, Apr 

1845. 

Ipomoea crassicaulis (Bentham) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad., 

51:530. 1916. 

Erect, thick-stemmed sufhtescent herb or shrub, 

to 2 m or more tall, subglabrous or minutely puberulent; leaves ovate-cordate, much longer than 

wide, acuminate, petioles tending to be shorter 

than leaves; peduncles heavy, shorter than, to as 

long as, leaves, dichotomously cymosely branched 

above, many-flowered; bracts scale-like to obsolete, 

caducous; sepals orbicular, inner ones very minutely 

sericeous, about 5 mm long; corolla narrowly 

campanulate, limb strongly flaring, very minutely 

sericeous without, lilac; stamens unequal, less than 

half as long as corolla; capsule ovoid, about 8 mm 

long, seeds copiously pubescent (we have not seen 

seeds in Micronesian specimens as yet). 

This species is considered a subspecies of Zpomoen 

carnea Jacquin by Dr. D. F. Austin (ms., pers. 

comm.), as intermediate individuals are occasionally 

found. Ipomoea carnea is an Andean species (Colombia to Peru) with suborbicular-cordate-acuminate 

soft pubescent leaves, woody but twining in habit, 

with corollas 7.5-10 cm long. Ipomoea fistulosa is 

shrubby, ascending to erect, with thick stems that 

do not twine, leaves with basal part very broadly 

oblong cordate, distal part elongate triangular long 

acuminate, subglabrous to minutely puberulent, 

corollas usually somewhat less than 7.5 cm long. It 

is a very uniform species, at least as far as can be 

seen from herbarium material and as a widely introduced tropical ornamental and escape. For the 

present we prefer to maintain it as a distinct species. 

Tropical American in origin, widely cultivated 

and naturalized in the Old World Tropics; in Micronesia: Marianas-Tinian, Guam; CarolinesPalau, known from Koror at least since 1932. 

Cultivated and sparingly naturalized near dwellings, 

not spreading rapidly, probably because it rarely 

sets seeds, 
12 SXlI I‘HSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

GEOGKAPHIC RE:COKDS ASD SPECIMESS EXAMISEI) 

MARIANAS Isr.,\Nus.-Tinian: Okatnni 2 (FU); 

1Iarpo valley E of Tinian (former town), SE part 

of island, 60 m, Fosberg 24816 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, 

Guam: “Rase 18” (Apra Heights), 90 m, Fosberg 

35225 (US, RISH, Fo, SY, L); llanguuao, 65 m, 

FosDci,g 35605 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Barrigada 

village, Stone 4987 (BISH); ~Iangilao-Barrigacla 

road, cultivated, Stone 4002 (RISH); road Barrigada to Mangilao, 60 m, Evans 1453 (US, Fo, HAW, 

K, 110, SY). 

CAKOIJNE lsi.Ahms,-Palau: Koror: Tiiyurna in 

1939 (TI); Kanehzia 2070 (FU, NY); Koror village, 

5 m, Fosbevg ?2458 (US, BISH, Fo); road from h05- 

pita1 to Ngerebe’ed, Ulackbz~?~ 159 (US); ’/s mi [0.2 

km] from Sansaro intersection, Salsedo 59 (US). 

L). 

Zpomoea hederifolia L. 

Z~O~KJ~U hedetifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 925, 1759.- 

Iporiioen coccinea sensu auct. plur. [non L., Sp. P1. 160, 17531. 

Ipovroea angulata Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:464, 1791 [17931. 

Quarnoclit corciriea sensu auct. plur. [non (L.) Bojer, Hort. 

O’L)otiell, Lilloa, 29:22-59, 1959. 

Maur., 224, 18371. 

Herbaceous glabrous twiner; leaves ovate-cordate, 

entire or more or less lobed or angled; peduncles 

much exceeding leaves, forked in upper part, 

forming a dichasium; bracts minute, scalelike; 

Howers several to many; sepals unequal, outer 

shortly oblong, inner obovate, apex broadly 

rounded or truncate, all with very prominent 

mucros, up to as long as body of sepal; corolla 

narrowly red with yellowish 

tube, 2.5-3 cin long; stamens and style exsertetl; 

stigma 1, globose; capsule globose, dissepiments 

persistent, hyaline; seeds black, pubescent. 

XIicronesian material would, at least in part, go 

to I. angulata, but the supposed distinctions between this and I. hederifolia, especially length of 

peduncle and development of a dichasium, are 

matters of degree that seem more individual variations than specific differences. 

The nomenclature antl differences between this 

species and Ipomoetl coccinca L. are clarified by 

O’Donell(1959:22-59). 

’Tropical American in origin, cultivated and 

naturaliLed throughout the warmer parts of the 

world; in Micronesia sparingly naturalized in Saipan antl Tinian. Found around dwellings, disttirbetl places, and old fields. 

;\lAru.o‘.u Isi.hsDs.-saipan: hfarpi, Couiage 66 

Tinian: Art, Lasso, Ho.l-aka 2828 (US, BISH, Fo). 

(US). 

Zpomoea horsfalEiae Hooker 

Iporiiorn hovsfalliae Hooker, Bot. Mag., 61:pl. 3315, 1834.- 

Stone. JMicronesica. 6:492, 1971. 

Glabrous, rather coarse, extensively climbing 

twiner, somewhat woody; leaves pedately 5-7-parted 

to base; peduncles openly and irregularly cymosely 

branched, many-flowered; sepals ovate, obtuse; 

corolla bright purple, firm, waxy, narrowly campanulate, 3-4 cm long; stamens slightly exserted, style 

more so; stigma 1 (?), depressed-globose. 

Kative to the West Indies, at least Puerto Rico 

and Jamaica; planted elsewhere in the tropics as 

an ornamental; in LIicronesia seen on Guam only; 

wre, planted, probably not fruiting. 

.\IARIASAS laI.AsI~s.--Guam: IJmatac, Fosberg 

75656 (US). 

Zpomoea indica (Burman) Merrill 

Zponioea iizdica (Burman) Merrill, Int. Rumph. Herb. Amb., 

445, 1917.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 399, 1935.-Okabe, 

Jour. Anthrop. SOC. Nippon, 56:425, 1941; Nankyo, 2:22, 

1943.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:492, 1971.-Fosberg, Falanruw, 

and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22:37, 1975.-Fosberg, 

Bot. Notiser, 129335, 1976.-Hosoka~c.a, ins.. n.d, 

Coriuoluulus indirus Burman, Ind. Univ. Herb. Amb., 7:6, 

1755. 

Ipornoen coiigesta K. Brown, Prodr., 485, 1810.-Safford, 

Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:298, 1905.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. 

Sci. Bot., 9:131, 1914.-Okabe, Jour. Anthrop. SOC. Nippon, 

56:425, 1941. 

Cor7uoluulus coiigestits (R. Brown) Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 1:601, 

1825. 

Pharbitis insularis Choisy, Wm. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genere, 

6:438, 1833.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:350, 1905. 

Zpomoea irisularis (Choisy) Steudel, Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1:817, 

1840. 

Conzmluulur hederaceiis sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:247, 349, 1905 [non L., Sp. Pl., 154, 17531. 

Conuoluulus coerulezrs sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9247, 1905 [non (Koxburgh) Sprengel, Syst. Veg., 1:593, 

18251. 

Iporrioea hederacea sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:349, 1905.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:192, 1914.- 
NUhiBER 36 

Kanehira, Enum. Micr. Pl., 399, 1935.-Stone, Micronesica, 

6:492, 1971. [Non (L.) Jacquin, Collect. Am., 1:124, 1786.1 

Convolvulus nil sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:248, 

350, 1905 [non L., Sp. PI., ed. 2,219, 17621. 

Pharbitis hederacea sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:349, 1905 [non (L.) Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. 

Geneve, 6:440, 18331. 

Pharbitis nil sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:350, 

1905 [non (L.) Choisy, M6m. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 

6:439, 18331. 

Pharbitis congesta (R. Brown) Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap., 

1:166, 1948 [combination probably first made in synonymy 

by Wight in Saffold, 1905:349, but first validly published 

by Hara]. 

‘lwiner with appressed-pilose stems and leaves, 

leaf blades strongly cordate, acuminate, entire to 

somewhat trilobate; peduncles exceeding leaves, 

retrorse pilose, with a small dichasial cluster of 

subsessile to pedicellate flowers at summit, rarely 

many flowered; bracts linear to lanceolate; sepals 

lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, caudate acuminate, 

to 2.5 cm long, glabrous or appressed pubescent; 

corolla narrowly campanulate, flaring, blue, fading 

pink, about 8 cm long; stamens unequal, less than 

half length of corolla; stigmas 2, globular; capsule 

depressed globose, about 1 cm wide; seed black, 

glabrous. 

15 

Zpomoea indicu (Burman) Merrill var. indica 

The widespread form, as described above, tlistinguislied by being notably appressed pilose on 

most parts. 

Pantropical, widespread in the Pacific Islands, in 

hlicronesia known from the Marianas-Agrigan, 

Alamagan, Guguan, Sarigan, Saipan, Tinian, 

Agiguan, Rota, Guam; Carolines-Palau, Satawal, 

Truk, Kusaie. Common at low elevations back of 

the beach, especially in open and disturbed places, 

climbing on bushes and in thickets, forming dense 

mats on bare limestone soil even at fair elevations. 

UsEs.-“The seeds are strongly purgative” 

(Guam: SaRord, 1905, under Pharbitis hederacea). 

“The root is a powerful cathartic” (Guam: Safford, 

1905, under Zpomoea congesta). The leaf is chewed 

with betel (“pupulo”), the plant is used as a forage 

for animals, the leaf is used externally for bruises, 

the leaf is used in a medicinal beverage for “bloody 

flux” (“amot manuda hagaa”); some informants say 

the plant is not used in Guam (Guam: Whiting, 

ms., 1965). Leaves are fed to young pigs; young 

tips are mashed and applied to bruises (Guam: 

Fosberg 25347). It is used against sore throat 

(AIarianas: son Prowazek, 1913; “fopgo,” probably 

this species). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

fofgu (Saipan: Hosaka 3003) 

f6fgo (Rota: Fosberg 24943) 

abubu (Guam: Nelson 167) 

fofga (Guam: Fosberg 35531) 

fofgo (Guam: Fosberg 25347; Whiting C28; Nelson 33) 

fofgu (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

oleamad (Palau: Fosberg 32057) 

ori-yemad (Palau: Okabe, 1941) 

oriemad (Palau: Okabe, 1943) 

afanafan (Truk, Moen I.: Anderson 758) 

ferukeruk (Truk, Moen I.: Anderson 758) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

AIARIANAb I\LAND5.-choisy, 1833:438; Gaudichaud 32 or 20 (G). 

Agrigan: Hosokawa, n.d. 

Alamagan: Asongsong village, 3-15 m, Fosberg 

Guguan: 175 ft [55 m], Falanritw I8842 (US). 

Sarigan: Hosokawa, n.d. 

Saipan: Kanehira 95? (NY, FU), 1000 (FU); 

Momose in 1930 (TI); Stephens 5 (Fo); Army Hill, 

Cowage 9 (US); Charan-Tarhoho, 200 ft [60 m], 

Hosaka 3003 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Tinian: hlasalog Ridge, 350 ft [lo5 m], Hosaka 

2830 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Agiguan: Kondo in 1952 (BISH). 

Rota: Middle level plateau above Tataacho Pt., 

150-250 m, Evans 2057 (US, HAW, Fo, MO); Sabana, 900 ft [275 m], Hosaka 3032 (US, BISH, Fo); 

airstrip, N of Shimaru, 180 m, Fosberg 24943 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L); Sonson, 1-10 m, Fosberg 25078 

(US, BISH); road to Haofna, S side of island, 200- 

250 m, Sachet 1748 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Guam: McGregor 501 (US, BISH, BM); Marche 

51 (P, Fo), 232 (P, Fo); G.E.S. 717 (BISH); Merrill, 

1914: 131-152; Manilao, Whiting C28 (Fo); Yigo, 

Liming s.n. (US), Nelson 33 (NY, BISH); Yigo, 120 

m, Fosbeig 35531 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Talofofo, 

Mt. Almagosa, 600 ft [180 m], Hosaka 3180 (US, 

BISH, Fo); Talofofo village, 105 m, Necker 211 

(US); 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Barrigada, Glassman 304 

(Fo); 1 km S of Barrigada, 65 m, Fosberg 35280 

(US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Barrigada Hill, 150 m, 

Stone 4495 (GUAM); Asan Point, 2 m, Anderson 34 

31731 (US, BISH, Fo). 
1 -1 Sh1 I-I-HSONI.4N CONTRIBUTIOSS TO BOTAXY 

(US, HISH); Just S of Ylig Bay, E coast of island, 

50-65 m, Fosbeig 25347 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 

Northwest Field, 185 m, Fosberg 35387 (US, BISH), 

35388 (US); 2 mi [3.2 km] W of Agat, Moore 276 

(US); Hapuio Pt., Xecker 21 (US); hlanchano Dist., 

150 ni, Biyan 1180 (BISH); Piti, Swezey in 1936 

(BISH), SelJon 167 (NY, BISH); Mt, Santa Kosa, 

240 111, Eutlns I755 (US). 

CAROLINE Isi.mos.-Palau: s. l., Nisida 46 (FU); 

Ricliurdson 72 (US). ,\Iadmosuk Islet (W of Koror): 

50 ft [15 1111, Stone 1302 (BISH). Koror: h’gerabe’ed, 

3-10 in, Fosbeig 32057 (US, BISH, Fo, KY, L). 

Sgarakabesang: old seaplane laiiding, Hardy 65 

Satawal: 2 ni, Fosberg il- Evans 46917 (US, HAW, 

I’ruk: Noen: slope E of village, 35 m, Andpi.son 

Kusaie: Tomasakku, Tnkamatsii 570 (BISH). 

(US). 

Fo) . 

758 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Zpomoea indica f. albiflora Stone 

Ipomoea indira f. albif7ora Stone, Micronesica, 2(2):139, 1967; 

6:493, 1971. 

A whi te-flowered lorm, sepals somewhat ciliate. 

hhKIANAs h.ANus.--Guam: Harmon Village 

Slone 4729 (GUAM, type). Also known from the 

Kyukyu Islands. 

Zpomoea indica var. hosakae Fosberg 

Iponiortr indica tat, hosakur k’osberg. Micronesica, 2(2): 151, 

1q67. 

.4 population with glabrou5 strongly ha$tatetrilobate leaves. 

CAROLINE I~LANDS.---TTU~: Noen: Mt. Takeum, 

700 ft [215 m], Hosaka 2713 (US, type; BISH, Fo, 

NY). Fefan: \It. Tuktyap, Hosokazuu 8387 (’4). 

Zpomoea littoralis Blume 

Iporiroea Iitforalis Blume, Bijdr., 713, 1825 [1826].-Volken% 

Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901.-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:299, 1905.-KrBaer in Thilenius, Erg. Siids. Exp., IIB, 

10(1):389, 1937.-Glassman, Bishop Mns. Bull., 209: 100, 

1952.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 39: 17, 1955.-Fosberg and 

Sachet, .Atoll Res. Bull., 92:32, 1962.-Stone, Micronesica, 

1:126, 1964.-Fosberg, Microllesica, 2(2): 151, I96i.-Otobed, 

nis., 1967; Guide List Plants Palau Is., 1971.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:493, 19il.--Alkire, Micronesica, 10:24, 1974. 

Coiiuolvulus denticidatus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 

Meth., 3:540, 1769 [1792].-Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 

70, 1826. 

Zpoinoea denticulata (Desrousseaux) Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. 

Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:467, 1633.-Engler, Notizbl., 1:225, 

1897.-Schumann & Lauterbach, F1. Suds., 516, 1901.- 

Saffortl, Contr. U.S. Sat. Herb., 9:298, 1905.-Okabe, Jour. 

.Anthrop. SOC. Sippon, 56:425, 1941. [Non R. BroIvn, Prodr., 

485, 1810.1 

Ipoinora thoisiana Wight ex Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:298, 1905.-House, Torreya, 7:37, 1907.--Merrill, Phil. 

JOUI.. Sci. Bot., 9:131, 1914 [as 1. choisyana]. [Non Wight 

and Arnott ex Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18:130, 1894.1 

Ipomora gracilis sensu Metrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:131, 

1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 399, I935.-Hosokawa, 

Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Japan, 7:139, 1937.- Okabe, Nankyo, 223, 1943.-St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 1951.-Glassman, 

Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:100, 1952.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:103, 

IMI).--Hosokaiva. mq., n.d. [Non R. Bro1c.13, Prodr., 464, 

1810.1 

Slender glabrous twiner, leaves broadly cordate, 

usually less than 5 cm across, sometimes trilobed, 

venation netlike, conspicuous; peduncles short, 1- 

several-flowered, bracts minute, caducous; sepals 

unequal in width, outer ones oblong-elliptic, inner 

;I> broad as long, broadest at summit, slightly 

niucroiiate; corolla funnelform to campanulate, 

Iwight rose purple, darker in throat, 4.5 cm or less 

long; stamens and style included, stigmas 2, globose: 

capsule glabrous, globose, ahout 9 mm in diameter; 

seeds Iilack, glabrous. 

Pantropical, on most islands of the Pacific, in 

Alicronesia known from the Lfarianas: Anatahan, 

Saipaii, Tiniaii, Rota, Guam; from the Carolines: 

Palau, Sonsorol, Yap Ulithi, Fais, IVoleai, Ifaluk, 

I,amotrek, Satawal, h’amonuito, Xlurilo, Somwin, 

‘Iruk, Samoluk. Lukunor, Satawan, Kapingamarangi, Ponape, Kusaie; from tlie lrarshalls: Ujelang, 

Lac, Ailinglapalap, lIajuro, Arno, Jaluit; from tlie 

Gilberts: Butari tari. Coninion in lo.cl.lands, especially in clistnrbed or open places and along seacoasts, less common at middle elevations. In 

Caroline atolls found on edges of taro pits, around 

villages, and generally in interior in openings and 

thin places in woods and coconut groves. Probably 

impossible to determine where this plant was native 

and where accidentally introduced by man. 

USES.-The leaves are used in relieving pains 

after childbirth and as an ingredient in soups, and 

the flowers are employed as a hemostatic in menstruation (Ponape: Glassman, 1952.) This vine is 

used for I)otli people and animals (pigs) a5 a remedy 
NUMBER 36 15 

for loss oE appelite. It is boiled to make a medicinal 

tea for human consumption. The leaves of this vine 

are also pounded, mixed with coconut oil, and applied to boils to relieve pain (Sonsorol: Berry 3). 

Leaves are eaten after being cooked in water but 

only when typhoons have made other food scarce 

(Ifaluk: Abbott i~ Bates 61, 80). Leaves are eaten 

mixed with sweet toddy as a starvation food; also 

they are pounded and placed in coconut water, and 

the-mixture drunk for fright illness (Woleai: Alkire 

23). 

\’ERSACUL m K.4 ~1~s.- 

lagoun (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

lagun (Guam: G.E.S. 96,254; Nelson 31) 

lagun tase (Guam: McGregor 449) 

tohruh (Palau: Okabe, 1943) 

torch (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) 

tor0 (Palau: Fosberg 25775) 

toroog (Palau: Hosokawa, nd.) 

sauworu (Sonsorol: Berry 3, 7) 

dili (Yap: Fosberg 46559) 

geli (Yap: Wong 330) 

gelie (Yap: Volkens, 1901) 

gilij (Yap: Fosberg 25549) 

cha\c.el (Ulithi: Lessa 55; Hosaka 3218) 

cho’wel (Ulithi: Fosberg 46615) 

djauel (Fais: Kramer, 1937) 

chaiwel (Woleai: Evan.$ 462: Alkire, 1974) 

ririo (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) 

shaiwel (Woleai: Alkire 23) 

chaiwol (Ifaluk: Fosberg 47236) 

schaiuwell (Ifaluk: Abbott LT Bates 80) 

shaiuwel (Ifaluk: .4bbott k Bates 61, 80) 

zharuwel (Ifaluk: Abbott iY Bates 61) 

raiwal (Satawal: Fosberg G Evans 46919) 

ferukernk (Truk: Anderson 739) 

frugrug (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

maranof (Truk: Hosaka 2745) 

rnge (Truk: Fosberg 24636) 

ruk (Truk: Fosberg 26041) 

r ukar u k (Truk : Fos berg 2604 I) 

ruke (Truk: Fosbe1.g 24636) 

ruuke (Truk: Wong 163) 

rorurok (Satawan: Andersorr 970) 

wan ut (Satawan: Anderson 1209) 

chehuive (Kapinganiarangi: Hosaka 3433) 

huivhe (Kapinganiarangi: Niering 562,633,669,687) 

emp (Ponape: Fosberg 26247) 

onip (Ponape: Fosberg 26247, 26239; Reisenberg 53) 

oomp (Ponape: Glassnian 2748) 

sul oomp (Ponape: Glassman, 19.52) 

unpu (Ponape: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

ooh (Kusaie: Glassmati 2673) 

bele (Ujelang: Fosberg 34202) 

bele (Lae: Fosberg 34053) 

lawjiningen kujikerit (Ailinglapalap: Fosberg 26887) 

marginejojo (Majuro: S1. John 22411) 

marlab (Majuro: Fosberg 26981) 

waliktik (Arno: Anderson 3625) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Gaudichaud 169 (or 18bis) 

(G). The specimen is scarcely determinable with 

certainty but seems to belong here rather than in 

“I. triloba? var.,” where Gaudichaud put it. 

Anatahan: Near W coast, below 200 m, Falanruw 

1708 (US). 

Saipan: Marche 18 (P, Fo); Momose in 1930 

(TI); Tuyama in 1937 (TI); Kanehira dr Hatusima 

4315 (FU); Lake Susupe, 1 km SE of Susupe Point, 

just E of Charankanoa, 0 m, Fosberg 25269 (US, 

BISH). 

Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826:70; Merrill 1914: 131; 

Safford, 1905:298; Marche 181 (P, Fo); Nelson 31 

(BISH), 32 (BISH), 399 (BISH); McGregor 449 

(BISH); G.E.S. 96 (US, BISH, BM, NSW), 254 (US); 

Anderson 342 (US); W of Mt. Santa Rosa, Anderson 161 (US, BISH, Fo); W foot of hit. Santa Rosa, 

Moor? 380 (US); Mt. Tenjo, 800 ft [245 m], Moore 

83 (US); Cotal Conservation Area, Cross Island 

Road, 150 m, Fosberg 39245 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 

S to SE of Umatac, 80-200 m, Fosberg 35440 (US); 

plateau NW of Talofofo, 400 ft [120 m], Hosaka 

3130 (US); v2 mi C0.8 km] NE of &It. Tenjo, 1000 

ft [305 m], Moore 294 (BISH); hlachanao Distr., 

150 m, Bryan 1180a (BISH); Manengon dry savannas, Stone 4837 (GUAM); Manengon, volcanic hills 

near “Tarzan River” falls, Stone 4532 (GUAM); 

Piti, Swerey in 1936 (BISH). 

CAROLINE IsLAxos.-Palau: Kayangl: Tuyama in 

1939 (TI). Babeldaob: Kamusetu, Almonogui, 

Hatuszma 4990 (FU); hlarikyoku, Kanehira 422 

(FU); Melekiok, Tuyama in 1939 (TI); Arekalong, 

Takamatsu 1655 (BISH); Ngarsul, Tuyama in 1937 

(TI); Aimiriik, Kanehira dr Okuya in 1934 (FU). 

Ngeanges: in Yo0 (Sar) Passage, Fosberg 25775 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Sonsorol: Hady 131 (US); Berry 7 (US), 3 (US). 

Yap: Kanehira dr Hatusima 4328 (FU); Kamiya 

199 (TI); 25 ft [8 m], Wong 330 (US, BISH, Fo); 

near Ngalog village, E central Yap, Cushing 495 

(US); low E ridge of Mt. Matade, 20-40 m, Fosberg 25574 (US); Mt. Matade, 160 m, Fosberg 25549 

(US), 150 m, Czishing 454 (US); Dogol, Tziyama in 

1939 (TI); Tarang I., Tornil Bay, Tziyama in 1939 
16 SSII’I‘HSOh’IAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

(TI); Numagil, S Yap, 3 m, Cushing 666A (US): N 

Cagil, near Tagaren Channel, 3 m, Cushing 602 

(US); Tomil I., 50 ft [15 m], Hosaka 3267 (US); 

Dalipebinaw Distr., near Yap High School, 30 in, 

Fosberg 46559 (US, HAW, Fo); Colonia, Beacon 

Hill, 170 m, Evans 298 (US, BISH). 

Ulithi: Fassarai I., Hosaka 3218 (US); hlogmog I., 

Ixssa 55 (BISH); Falalap I., 1-3 m, Fo.yberg 46615 

(Fo). 

Fais: On plateau, 15 m, Fosbesg 46692 (US). 

Woleai: Utagal I., 1-2 in, Wong 27 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L); Falalis I., interior of islet, AZkire 23 

(US); Slioliap (Saliap) I., 1-2 m, Fosbesg 47035 

(US); Falalap I., Evans 482 (US, Fo). 

Ifaluk: Falarik I.: Abbott & Bates 61 (US, BISH); 

on Fanniwa trail, Abbott 6 Bates 80 (US, BISH). 

Falalap I.: 1-2 m, Fosbesg 47244 (US, HAW). Ifaluk 

I: 1-2 m, Fosbesg 47236 (US). 

Lamotrek: Lamotrek I., 1 m, Fosbesg L- Evans 

46773 (US). 

Satawal: lnterior breadfruit and coconut forest, 

2 m, Fosberg ?- Evans 46919 (US). 

Namonuito: Alagur I., Stone 2120 (BISH); P’ iseras 

I., 3-5 in, Evans 887 (US); Ono I., 0-3 m, Evans 

Murilo: Ruo I., 0-3 m, Evans 1163 (US); ltiirilo 

I., 3-5 m, Evnns 1246 (US). 

Nomwin: Komwin I., 0-3 m, Evans 1046 (US); 

Fananu I., 0-5 m, Evans 1100 (US). 

Truk: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); Wong 163 (US, 

HISH, Fo); Uoala, Moore 136 (US). Moen I.: S of 

.\loen village, Andeuon 739 (US); flats near “Baker 

Dock,” 3 m, Fosbesg 24692 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 

N Side of Nomenuk Bay, Fosberg 26041 (US, 

BISH); Nob Hill, 100-150 m, Evans 1375 (US, 

HAIY). Dublon and most islets: Hosokawa, 1937: 

199. Dublon: Natsushinia, Takamatsu 103 (BISH). 

Tol: Suiyoto, Takamatsu 30 (BISH). Fefan: 25 ft 

[8 nil, Hosaka 2745 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). Pis: 

Fosbesg 24636 (US, BISH). 

Namoluk: Namoluk I., 0.9 m, Marshall 81 (US). 

Lukunor: Lukunor I., Anderson 2157 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L); Oneap I., Andesmn 1083 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L). 

Satawan: Aloch I., Anderson 970 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L); Ta I., Anderson 1037 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, 

L); Kutu I., Anderson 1209 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Kapingamarangi: Hare I.: Hosaka 3433 (US, 

BISH, Fo); Xiel-ing 562 (US); 1 m, Fosberg 26089 

1035 (US). 

(US, BISH); Werua I.: Niesing 669 (US, Fo); 687 

(US), 633 (US). 

Ponape: Riexnbesg 53 (BISH); Kusuno in 1915 

(TI); Colonia, Not District, Fosbesg 26247 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L), Fosbesg 26239 (US, BISH, Fo); 

vicinity of Colonia, Glassman 2447 (US, BISH); U 

District, GlasJman 2573 (US, BISH); hlt. Seletereh, 

2000 ft [610 m], Glassman 2748 (US); Ronkiti, 

Glassman 2797 (US, BISH); hft. Tolotom, Takaintrtsu 1052 (BISH, Bhl). 

Kusaie: Xlt. Tefeyaht, 100 ft [30 m], Glassman 

2673 (US); Lele, Hosakawa 6457 (A); Mt. Buache, 

Hosakauw 6,756 (A), 6292? (A); summit of hit. 

Alatanta (Buache), 550-600 m, Fosberg 26634 (US); 

S of Lela (L,ele) Harbor 50-150 m, Fosbesg 26655 

(US, HISH, Fo). 

MARSHALL Isr2Ams.-Ujelang: Ujelang I., Fosbesg 34202 (US). 

he: Loj I., Fosbesg 34053 (US). 

Ailinglapalap: -4irik I,, Fosberg 26887 (US). 

AIajuro: Alajuro I., St. John 21411 (BISH); Laura 

(W end of island), Fosberg 26981 (US). 

Arno: liie I., Hafheumy 879 (US, BISH), Andersoil 3625 (US, BISH). 

Jaluit: Schuniann and Lauterbach, 1901:516 (citing Schwabe); Engler, 1897:225; Schnee in 1902 

(NSW); Schiiee 8 (XSW); Imruj (Imrodj) I., 1-3 m, 

wid to be introduced from Ponape, Fosberg 26765 

(US, HISH, Fo, NY, L). 

GILBERT Isr.ANDs.-Butaritari: Butaritari I., Butaritari village, Hwb.it (?- Alleston 2766 (US). 

Zpomoea macrantha Koemer & Schultes 

Ipomoea niurmnthu Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg., 4:251, 

1819. 

Iponio~n longi//orrc K. Brown, Prodr., 485, 1810 [non Humholdt & Bonplantl ex ~2’illdenow, Enum. Hort. Berol., 207, 

18091. 

Convolvidus tuba Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 6:735, 1831. 

Ipomoeu glaberrima Bojer ex Bouton, Hook. Jour. Bot., 1:357, 

1834.-Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901. 

Calonyction comospermum Bojer, Hort. Maur., 228, 1837 

[nom. illegit., equibalent to Ipomoen glaberrima Bojer ex 

Routon, 18341. 

Ipomo~a tuba (Schlechtendal) G. Don, Gen. Syst., 4:271, 1838. 

-St. John, Pac. Sci., 5:285, 1951.-St. John & Mason, Pac. 

Sci., 7:166, 1953.-Luomala, Bishop Mus. Bull., 213:47, 110, 

I953.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 39:18, I955.-Catala, Atoll 

Res. Bull., 59:97, 1957.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 67:4, 17, 

1959; 68:6, 1959.-Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 76:6, 1961.- 

Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:32, 1962; 123:13, 
NUMBER 36 17 

1969.-Stone, Micronesicd, 6:494, 1971 .-Alkire, Micronesica, 10(1):3, 1974. 

Calonyction tuba (Schlechtendal) Colla, Mem. c. una nuova 

specie di Calonyction . . . 15, 1841 [1840?]. 

Calonyction speciosum sensu Engler, Notizbl., 1:225, 1897 

[non Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genhve, 6:441, 

18331. 

Calonyction bona-nox sensu Schumann & Lauterbach, F1. 

Suds., 515, 1901 [non (L.) Bojer, Hort. Maur., 227, 18371. 

Calonyction album sensu Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:131, 

1914.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. ”on (L.) House, Bull. Torr. 

Bot. Club, 31:591, 1904.1 

Ipomoea grandifiora sensu Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 

29:253, 1915.-Kanehira, Enum. Micr. PI., 399, 1935.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. [Non Lamarck, Tabl. Encycl., 1:467, 1791 

Zpomoea alba sensu Taylor, PI. Bikini, 193, 1950 [non L.. 

Ipomoea bona-nox sensu Guillaumin, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 

[ 1793?].] 

Sp. Pl., 161, 17531. 

99:22, 1952 [non L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, 228, 17621. 

Extensive coarse glabrous twining liana, lower 

parts thickened but not very woody, in very dry 

situations forming a short very thick trunk which 

annually produces herbaceous elongate stems which 

die back during the dry seasons; leaves somewhat 

fleshy or not, cordate orbicular, somewhat acuminate, to 15 cm across; peduncles l-few-flowered, 

cymose, pedicels thickened, or even somewhat turbinate; sepals orbicular, apex rounded, 15-25 mm 

long, accrescent and very thick in fruit; corolla 

white, to 10 cm long, with very long tube and flaring limb, opening at night; stamens and style included, stigmas 2; capsules globose or subglobose, 

to 2.5 cm long, enclosed by accrescent sepals which 

later become reflexed; seeds with black tomentum, 

long hairs on edges. 

Pantropical, on almost all Pacific Islands, known 

in Micronesia from the Marianas-Saipan, Tinian, 

Rota, Guam; Carolines-Palau, Sonsorol, Yap, 

Ulithi, Eauripik, Woleai, Faraulap, Ifaluk, Gaferut, 

Namonuito, Murilo, Truk, Lukunor, Satawan, 

Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Mokil, Pingelap; Wake 

I.; Marshalls-most of the islands; GilbertsTarawa, Nonouti, Tabiteuea, Onotoa. A strand 

species, found both in open and in forests, occasionally, as in Guam, reaching middle elevations, 

especially at tops of cliffs facing sea. 

USES.-The marble-sized tubers were used long 

ago for food (Kili, Bikini people: St. John and 

Mason, 1953.) Stems and leaves are crushed in water 

and used as a shampoo. To kill lice, the shampoo 

is used in concentrated form (Gilberts, Tarawa: 

Cutulu 57). The vine is regarded as harmful since 

it kills any tree on which it grows (Kili: St. John 

and Mason, 1953). Young leaves and roots are used 

in medicine; withes are used for skipping rope 

(Rota: Evans 2030). A preparation of young leaves, 

pounded and mixed with coconut oil, is applied to 

boils, toothaches, and bruises; rubbed into painful 

areas, it relieves throbbing and swelling (Sonsorol: 

Berry 61). 

alaihaitasi (Guam: G.E.S. 166) 

sauwonilaewau (Sonsorol: Berry 61) 

walfichfich (Ulithi: Lessa 59) 

gufamach (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) 

hufamash (Woleai: Alkire 86) 

ava’mas (Faraulap: Fosberg 6 Evans 47397) 

garenap (Ifaluk: Abbott and Bates 85) 

walima (Ifaluk: Fosberg 47204) 

afamach (Truk: Fosberg 24634) 

ooropon (Truk: Wong 179) 

arupuel (Lukunor: Anderson 2110) 

afamas (Satawan: Anderson 1073) 

hue (Nukuoro: Fosberg 26235, Carroll 43) 

huwhe maitai (Kapingamarangi: Niering 554) 

tehuwe (Kapingamarangi: Hosaha 3438) 

tihu (Kapingamarangi: Fosberg 26079) 

tileiu (Kapingamarangi: Niering 704) 

ahfahmus (Ant: Glassman, 1953) 

ohlop (Mokil: Glassman 2606) 

wahlap (Pingelap: Glassman 2648) 

bele (Eniwetok: Fosberg 24349) 

maralap (Utirik: Fosberg 33700) 

bele (Ujelang: Fosberg 34178) 

marbele (Ujelang: Fosberg 34178) 

marbele (Lae: Fosberg 34083) 

marabele (Aur: St. John 21385) 

marabele (Majuro: St. John, 1951, observed) 

marbele (Arno: Anderson 3622,3758) 

mar bole (Kili, Bikini people: St. John and Mason, 1959, 

te ruku (Tarawa: Catala 57) 

ruku (Nonouti: Koch 32) 

te ruku (Tabiteuea: Luornala 38) 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

citing Mason 14) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLAms.-Saipan: Lunge 12 (BISH); 

Momose in 1930 (TI); Tsukimi Bay, 75 m, Fosberg 

25206 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 

Tinian: “Yellow Beach” E of Mt. Lasso, 1-10 m, 

Fosberg 24905 (US, BISH). 

Rota: Necker R 64 (US); between Rota village 

and Tataacho Pt., Fosberg 25008 (US); Songsong 

village, 5-10 m, Evans 2030 (US). 
18 S\IITHSONI w CONTRIBUTIONS ‘ro BOTANY 

Guam: Merrill 1914:131; Fadian Pt., 115 m, Fosberg 31219 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); above Tarague 

Beach, 140 m, Fosbesg 35672 (US, BISH); Oca Pt., 

Andes.\orr 181 (US, BISH); S of Asan Pt. and Piti, 

15 ni, Anderson 95 (US); E coast, between Togcha 

and Talofofo Bay, Moo~e 369 (US); E of Apra 

Heights, hlanengon, Stonc 4662 (BISH, GUAM); 

Atantano Koad, Selson 405 (NY), 566 (NY); Iates 

Pt. Con5ervatioii .Area 60-90 m, Evans I832 (US); 

Cabras I., G.E.S. 166 (US, BISH, BM, NY). 

CAROLINE Isi.Asus.-Palau: Koror: Momose in 

1930 (TI). Ngesnges: in Yo0 (Sar) Passage, just IV 

of southern point of Urukthapel I., Fosberg 25511 

(US, BISH, Fo, XY, L). Peliliu: N end of “Purple 

Beach,” E side of island, Fosbesg 26008 (US, BISH, 

Fo); strand, Hatrrsima 4723 (FU), 4807 (FU). 

Sonsorol: Rewy 61 (IJS, HAW); Salsedo 397 

Yap: Volkens 1901:4i3 (citing Volkeris 189); 

Garini I. (off SE Yap), Citshing 542 (US). 

Ulithi: Alogmog, Lass 59 (BISH); Asor I., 1-2 

m, FoJber.g 46455 (Fo); Sorlen I., 0-5 m, Evans 426 

(Fo); Falalap I., 1-3 m, F0sbej.g 46632 (US, Fo, 

RISH.) 

Eauripik: Eauripik I., in village, 1-2 m, Fosberg 

h‘ Evans 47150 (us, Fo). 

[Voleai: Falalis I., interior of islet, Alkise 86 

(US); Sholiap I., 1 m, Fosbe7.g 47044 (US), 2 m, Fmbesg 47048 (US). 

Faraulap: Faraulap I., 3 m, Fosberg CL- Evans 

lfaluk: Falarik I., Abbott & Bates 85 (US, BISH), 

Evnris 538 (Fo); lfaluk I., 2 m, Fosbe1.g 47204 (US, 

BISH, K, NO). 

(H.IW), 

17397 (US). 

Gaferut: Niesing 773 (US). 

Namonuito: Stone 2118 (BISH); Piseras I., 0-3 

Alurilo: RUO I., 3-5 m, Lvans 1208 (US). 

Truk: Wortg 179 (US, BISH). RIoen (Harushima): 

Takumatsu 172 (BISH). Pis: Fosberg 24634 (US, 

BISH). 

Lukunor: Oneap I., Anderson 2110 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L). 

Satawan: Ta I., Andesson 1073 (US, BISH, Fo, 

Nukuoro: Nukuoro (,Matakena) I., Fosbesg 262?5 

(US, BISH); Modubodai, Carroll43 (US). 

Kapingamarangi: Tangawaka I., Niering 704 

(US); Hare I., Hosaka 3438 (US, BISH, Fo), Fosm, Evans 898 (US, HAW, NY, A). 

NY). 

berg 26079 (US, BISH); Nunakita I., A’iesing 554 

(US); Werua I., Niesing 585 (US). 

,Ant: Glassman, 1953:305. 

hIokil: Kalap I., Glassman 2606 (US). 

Pingelap: Pingelap I., Glassman 2648 (US). 

I\’AKE IsLlisu.-Fosberg 33614 (US); Johnson 

(Degenos’s) 20694 (NY); Bsanckamp in 1936 (BISH); 

Pollock 37 (RISH); Pollock G- Bryan 21 (BISH); 

XlcFarlane 10 (US): Johnson in 1935 (BISH); GaJ- 

(on in 1953 (BISH); Lyons 25 (BISH); Peale I., 

Ksauss in 1957 (BISH). 

MARSHALL IsI.ANDs.-Taylor, 1950: 193-194. Radak 

[Chain]: s.I., Eschscholtz (LE). 

Pokak: Sihylla I., Fosbesg 34526 (US). 

EniweLok: Eniwetok I.: Fosberg 24285 (US, BISH, 

Fo, KY, L). Igurin I.: Fosbesg 24305 (US, BISH). 

Biijiri I.: St. John 23825 (BISH). Engebi I.: Fosbesg 24406 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); St. John 23781 

(BISH). Japtan I.: Fosbesg 24342 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L); Tnylos 46-1290 (US). Aniyaanini I.: St. 

John 2?720 (US, BISH). Jieroru 1.: Taylos 46-1249 

(US). Aomon 1.: Taylor, 1950:194 (citing Taylor 

46-1346); 1-3 ni, Fosberg 24349 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Bikini: Bikini I., Taylos 46-1094 (BN, G), 46- 

1147 (US), 46-1054 (US); Eniirikku I., Taylor 1950: 

194 (citing Taylor 46-1027): Chieerete I., Taylor 46- 

116‘4 (US): Enyu I., Taylos 46-1176 (US), 46-1006 

Ailinginae: Sifo I., Fosbesg 36693 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Rongelap: Eniaetok I., Taylos 46-1366 (US, 

Rongerik: Latohack I., Taylor 46-1423 (US). 

Utirik: Utirik I.: Fosbesg 33661 (US, NY), 33677 

(US); Stone 2057 (BISH). Eluk I.: Fosbesg 33700 

U.jelang: Ujelang I,, Fosberg 34178 (US, NY): 

Daisu I., Doty 6 G2lmartiri 12764 (BISH). 

Ujae: Bock I., Fosberg34362 (US, NY). 

IVotho: IVotho I., Fosberg 34239 (US, NY). 

Lae: Loj I., Fosbesg 34056 (US); Enenbao I., Fosbesg 34083 (US). 

Kwajalein: Lojjairong I., Fosberg 34119 (US); 

Bigej (Bennett) I., Fosbesg 26519 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L); Kwajalein I., Fosbesg 26472 (US, BISH, Fo, 

(US). 

HISH). 

(US, NY). 

NY, L). 

Ailuk: Ailuk I., Fosbesg 33942 (US, NY). 

Jemo: Fosbesg 33890 (US). 

Likiep: Aikini (Agony) I., Fosbesg 27053 (US, 

hIe,iit: Stone 1081 (BISH). 

BISH). 
NUMBER 36 19 

Aur: Tabal I., St. John 21385 (BISH). 

Ailinglapalap: Bikajle (Bigatyelang) I., Fosbeig 

26795 (US). 

LIajuro: Laura (W end of Majuro I.), Fosberg 

,76967 (US, BISH); Uliga I., Stone 961 (BISH). 

Arno: he I., Anderson 3622 (US, BISH, NY); 

Eniairik I., Andemon 3758 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 

Bikarej I., Hatheway 821 (US, BJSH). 

Kili: St. John and llason, 1953:166, Mason 14 

(BISH). 

Jaluit: Koiclziimi in 1915 (TI); Engler 1897:225; 

Schuniann and Lauterbach, 1901 :515 (citing 

Schwabe); Jaluit I., Sydney Pier, just S of Jabor, 

Fo\be?g 26685 (US, BISH, Fo, A’Y, L). 

GILBERT lsr.AixDs.-Tarawa: Tearinibai, Catah 

57 (P); Bikenibeu I., Herbst & Allerton 2690 (US). 

Nonouti: S of Taiinrawa, 2 m, Koch 32 (US, Fo). 

’Iabiteuea: Luomala, 1953:47, 110; Luomala 38 

Onotoa: Moul 8338 (US), 8197 (US, BISH, NY). 

(BISH). 

Zpomoea mauritiana Jacquin 

Zpomoea ninirritiana Jacquin, Coll., 4216, 1790. 

CoiivoluiiIus paniculatus L., Sp. Pl., 156, 1753. 

Zpomoea panici~lata (L.) R. Brown, Prodr., 486, 1810.- 

Volkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901. “on Burman f., FI. 

Ind., 50, 1768.1 

Zpomoea digitata sensu Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 

7:199, 1937.--Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:99, 1952. 

[Noii l,., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 924, 1759.1 

Subglabrous liana; leaves large, cordate, usually 

deeply cut into 7 ovate- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate lobes; peduncles about as long as leaves, 

iimbelloitlly branched near summit into 14 pedicels, or corymbiform cymose-paniculate; sepals 

glabrous, orbicular, about 1 cm long, strongly concave; corolla campanulate, pink-purple, red or 

red-purple within in throat, about 6 cm long; 

stamen5 and style included, stigmas 2, globose; 

capsule globose, about 1 cm long; seeds black, 

covered with long coarse white hairs. 

Said to be pantropic; in Micronesia: Caroline Is. 

-Palau, Yap, Truk, Ponape, Kusaie. Growing in 

thickets and edges of forest, climbing on rocks and 

on other plants. 

USES.-Leaves of this species are used in relieving 

pains after childbirth (Ponape: Glassman 2564). 

VI-RXACLXAR Y.t~i<s.- 

dodai (Yap: Fosberg 25553) 

afanafan (Truk: Anderson 759) 

emechimech (Truk: Pelrer 44) 

eteniten (Truk: Wong 124) 

inechimech (Truk: Pelzer 65) 

metmet (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

likaam (Ponape: Fosberg 26352) 

likam (Ponape: Glassman 2564, Riesenberg 67, Christian, 

likatou (Ponape: Riesenberg 67) 

asingsing (Kusaie: Fosberg 26571) 

1899) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Melekiok, 

Tuyarna in 1939 (TI). Peliliu: Kanehira 6. Hatusima 4 792 (FU). 

Yap: Volkens 1901:473 (citing Volkens 209, 463); 

Dogol, Tuyama in 1939 (TI); Mt. Matade, 160 m, 

Fosbeyg 25553 (US), 150 m, Cushing 456 (US); 

Colonia vicinity, 150 m, Evans 296 (US, HAW). 

Truk: Koidzwni in 1915 (TI); Koidzumi in 1925 

(TI); 25 ft [8 m], Wong 124 (US, BISH, Fo); Kanehim 606 (NY, FU). Moen: Pelzer 65 (US); old site of 

Mechetiu (Metitiu) village, W side of Bou Bay, 0-1 

m, Fosbel-g 24418 (US, BISH); 1000 ft [305 m], 

Hosaka 2781 (US, BISH); summit of Mt. Tonaachau, Fosberg 26054 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); slope E 

of Moen (village), 30 m, Anderson 759 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L); track from Nob Hill to high school, 

100-120 m, Evans 1417 (US). Dublon: Hosokawa, 

1937:199. Tol: Pelzer 44 (US); Takarnatsu 29 

(BISH). Fefan, Uman, Tarik: Hosokawa, 1937: 199. 

Ponape: Ripsenberg 67 (BISH); Glassman 2564 

(US, BISH); Jokaj, 300 ft [90 m], Hosaka 3496 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L); Colonia, Stone 1974 (GUAM), 

Kanehim 688 (FU, NY); U District, N coast, between Ipuac and U, 1-5 m, Fosberg 26352 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY); Nanpil, Takamatsu 840 (BISH); 

Salapwuk (Salbuk), Takamatsu 612 (BISH); Net 

village, Salomon cir. George 50 (US). 

Kusaie: S side of Mt. Matanta (Buache), 50 ni, 

Fosbeig 26571 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); AIoto, Kanehira 1426 (FU, XY). 

Zpornoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawler 

Zpomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawler, Bot. Reg., 3:239, 1817. 

Conuolvulus obsciirus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2,220, 1762. 

Slender twiner, almost glabrous to notably pilose; 

leaves broadly cordate, acuminate, up to 5 cm in 

diameter, with broad rounded basal sinus, margins 
S\IITHSONI.-\N CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

subentire to finely crenulate, more or less ciliate, 

petioles slender, 2-6.5 cm long; flowers l-several 

in pedunculate cymes, in each cyme 1 flower open 

at a time, peduncles 2-5 (or even 10) cm long, 

petlicels 1-1.5 cm, somewhat dilated upward; sepals 

4-6 mm long, elliptic or elliptic ovate to oval or, 

in fruit, orbicular, the inner broader, mucronate; 

corolla camp;~nulate-funrielform, flaring, 1.5-2 cm 

long, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, white or cream to sulfuryellow, with dark purple center; stamens and pistil 

included; capsule subglobose, to 1 cm long, beaked, 

exserted from calyx, firm; seed 2.5 x 3.5 mni, 

plump, dark brown, sericeous tomentose. 

A pantropical species probably of Old World 

origin and more common there, recently atlventive 

in Guam. 

Af ARIASAS Isums.-Guam: Apra Harbor, area N 

of base of Orote Peninsula, entrance to Naval Station, AIay 25, 1953, 10 m, Sachet 1714 (US, HAW). 

Zpomoea pcs-caprae (L.) R. Brown 

Iponroea pes-caprae (L.) R. Bronn in Tuckel, Narr. Expetl. 

Convolvitlirs pes-caprae L., Sp. Pl., 159, 1753. 

7ai1e, 477, Maich 1818. 

The nominate rubspecies of this pantropical 

strand species occurs mostly in the Indian Ocean 

area, but not in Micronesia. 

Zpomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) 

van Ooststroom 

Ipornoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom, 

Blumea, 3:533, 1940.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 67:17, 1959. 

-Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull., 92:32, 1962: 123:13, 

1969.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:493, 1971.-Alkire, Micronesica, 

10:2, 1974.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian 

Contr. Bot., 22:37, 1975. 

Convolvulus brasiliensis L., Sp. Pl., 159, 1753. 

Convolvulus maritirnus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 

MCth., 3:550, 1789 [1792].-Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 

9:248, 1905. 

Ipomoea maritima (Desrousseaux) R. Brown, Prodr., 486, 

1810.-Endlicher, Ann. Wien. Mus. Saturgesch., 1:173, 1835. 

-Safford, Contr. U.S. Xat. Herb., 9:299, 1905. 

Zpomoea brasiliensis (L.) Sweet, Hort. Sub. London, 35, Ju1 

1818.--G.F.W. Meyer, Prim. F1. Esseq., 97, Sov 1818.-St. 

John, Bot. Jahrb., 89:575,578, 1970. 

Ipomoea pes-caprae sensu Engler, h’otizbl., 1 :225, 1897.- 

Christian, Caroline Is., 340, 1899.-Schumann & Lauterbach, F1. deutsche Schutzg. Suds., 517, 190l.-Safford, 

Contr. U.S. Xat. Herb., 9:299, 1905.--von Prowazek, 

Deutsch. Marianen, 106, 109, 119, 1913.-MerriIl, Phil. 

Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, 1914.-Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 

29:253, 1915.-Okabe. Nankyo, 2:21, 1943.-St. John, Pac. 

Sci., 5:285, 1951.--Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:100, 

1952.-Luomala, Bishop Mus. Bull., 213:25, 48, 110, 1953.- 

Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 39:18, 1955.-Catala, Atoll Res. 

Bull., 59:97, lV57.-Stone, Pac. Sci., 13:103, 1959.-Otobed, 

IIIS., 1967: Guide List Plants Palau Is., 1971.-Hosokawa, 

ms., n.d. [Non (L.) R. Brown in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. 

Zaire, 477, Mar 1818.1 

Zpornoea biloba sensu Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:298, 

1905.-Okabe, Nettai Sangyo Kenkyii-sho io6, 5:12, 1940; 

Jour. Anthrop. SOC. Nippon, 56:425, 1941. [Prob. non 

Forskal. FI. Aeg.-Arab., 44, 1775.1 

lpomoea purga setisti Okabe, Settai Sangy8 Kenkyfi-sho 

ihO, 5312, 1940 [non Hayne, Arzneigew., 12:tt. 33, 34, 18331. 

‘1 prostrate, coarse, glabrous creeper, capable of 

forming dense mats; leaves coriaceous, oblong or 

oval to ovate, rounded or somewhat cordate at base, 

normally bilobed or at least prominently emarginate at apex; peduncles erect, stout, with l-several 

pedicellate flowers in a cyme; sepals elliptic to 

orbicular, the outer ones narrower, obtuse, mucronulate, glabrous, up to about 1 cm long; corolla 

funnelforni to campanulate, rose purple, darker in 

center, 3-5 cm long; stamens and style included; 

stigmas 2, globose; capsule globose, 12-15 mm high; 

seeds densely brown-tomentose, dull yellowish when 

the tomentum is worn off. 

All Alicronesian records and specimens of 

Ipomoea pes-caprae belong to this subspecies. St. 

John (1970) regards it as a distinct species, but the 

characters seem rather slight, principally differences 

in leaf shape and flower-size. Plants from the 

Ryukyus, XIalaya, and Thailand seem rather intermediate. The taxon is here regarded as a subspecies, 

rather than a variety, of I. pes-caprae because it is 

extraordinarily variable, especially in habit, leaf 

shape, and degree of branching of the cyme. Possibly varieties may be distinguished within this 

vast population. 

Subspecies brasiliensis is pantropical (except in 

the Indian Ocean area, where it is replaced by 

subspecies pes-capme); in Micronesia it is known 

from the Marianas: Uracas, Asuncion, Agrigan, 

Pagan, Alamagan, Guguan, Sarigan, Anatahan, 

Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Guam; from the Carolines: 

Palau, Sonsorol, Tobi, Helen Reef, Yap, Ulithi, 

Eauripik, Woleai, Ifaluk, Lamotrek, Satawal, 

Namonuito, Truk, Ponape, Kusaie; from Wake; 

from the Xlarshalls: Eniwetok, Lae, Kwajalein, 

AIajuro, Jaluit; from Nauru; from Ocean (Banaba); 
NUMBER 38 21 

from the Gilberts: Butaritari, Tarawa. We have the 

impression that this plant may be introduced in the 

Marshalls and Gilberts, since it is known mostly 

from atolls where there has been much recent foreign human activity and disturbance. A seedling, 

probably of this species, was once found by us in 

beach drift on Likiep, where the plant is otherwise 

unknown, and on Arno, a seed of this species was 

found in the crop of a tern (Gygzs alba) by J. T. 

Marshall. Ipomoea pes-caprae is not known on 

Arno, which has been thoroughly searched for 

plants, but is known from ltajuro, a few miles 

away. If Ihe plant were of other than recent introduction in the Xlarshalls it might be expected to 

have reached all or most of these atolls and to be 

much more common than it is, since ideal habitats 

for it are abundant. It is typically a beach plant, 

hut in the Marianas it is also found in open places 

at all altitudes. 

USES.-Various parts are used as medicine (Ulithi, 

hlogmog I.: Lessa in 1949) or as an ingredient in 

some medicines (Woleai, Falalis I.: Alkire 70). The 

root contains starch and is used medicinally (Guam: 

Safford, 1905). The turniplike roots given off by 

the rhizome are prized as a purgative; leaves are 

boiled and used for external application for stomach ache and colic; the boiled juice is said to be 

good for rheumatism (Palau, Okabe, 1940). Leaves 

are crushed, wrapped in “ul” (Musa paradisiaca), 

squeezed in well water, and the resulting liquid is 

given to a newborn baby to drink (Ifaluk: Abbott 

6 Bates 73). The leaves are applied to bruises and 

to the head for headache, they are boiled and applied as a poultice to boils and cuts; an infusion 

made from the leaves is used as a tea for abscesses 

and boils and as a douche during pregnancy. Some 

say this plant should be used only externally; it 

has a large rose-purple flower; it is often mistaken 

for hailailai (plant unidentified) or abodu (Stictocada campanulata) (Guam: Whiting ms., 1965). 

On Sonsorol it is believed that if the flower is 

picked, it will rain within 24 hours (Berry 11). It is 

an important sand-binding plant (Guam: Safford, 

1905). 

\’ERNACULAR NAMES.- 

fofegau halae (Marianas: Gaudichaud sm.) 

alalag-tasi (Marianas: von Prowazek, 1913) 

alaiyai (Saipan: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

alaihai-tasi (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

alalag (Guam: Whiting CJ6) 

alalag-tasi (Guam: Safford, 1905; Whiting, ms., 1965) 

alalag-tassi (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

alalai sabana (Guam: Nelson 249) 

alalai-tasi (Guam: Safford, 1905; Whiting, ms., 1965) 

alalak (Guam: Whiting, ms., 1965) 

halihai (Guam: Nelson 180; Seale in 1900) 

kabeasaong (Palau: Fosberg 32391) 

kebeaschol (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971; Salsedo 138) 

kebeas choll (Palau: Hardy 40) 

kebeas el choll (Palau: Owen 11) 

kebeas-ol (Palau: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

kebias 01 (Palau: Okabe, 1943) 

kobeas 01 (Palau: Okabe, 1941) 

halabaru (Sonsorol: Berry 11) 

gunbairihirungao (Yap: St. John, 1970) 

rakodorip (Yap: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

wathol (Yap: Wong 309) 

parabwal (Ulithi: Lessa in 1949) 

harabwal (Eauripik: Fosberg C Evans 47229) 

garabrval (Woleai: Alkire 70) 

harawal (Woleai: Evans 440) 

kawadui (Woleai: Wong 14) 

gareb wal (Ifaluk: Abbott 6 Bates 148, 73) 

hualimi (Lamotrek: Fosberg Q Euanr 46767) 

orop\ton (Truk: Wong 247) 

arapual (Satarvan: Anderson 1102) 

arapwiil (Satarvan: Anderson 1123) 

tihuuhe (Kapingamarangi: Fosberg 26096) 

shonshol (Ponape: Glassman 2778) 

qonjol (Ponape: Bascom T83) 

sonsol (Ponape: Glassman 2778; Fosherg 26335 (Bascom T83)) 

uantal (Ponape: Christian, 1899) 

antal (Ponape: Christian, 1899) 

ooba (Kusaie: Hosokawa, nd.) 

marjinejojo (Majuro: St. John, 1951) 

ireegogo (Nauru: Burges, ms., ca. 1935; von Prowazek, 1913) 

ruku (Tarawa: Luomala, 1953) 

te ruku (Tarawa: Catala, 1957, citing Carala 152) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Schumann and Lauterbach, 

1901:517 (citing Lesson); Gaudichaud s.n. (G). 

Uracas: W side of S coast, below 400 ft [120 m], 

Falanruw 2209 (US). 

Asuncion: SW coast, 100 ft [30 m], Falanruw 

2280 (US). 

Agrigan: Marche 298 (P, Fo); SW coast below 300 

ft [90 m], Fulanrziw 2184 (US, BISH); mid-west 

coast, 15 ft [5 m], Falanruw 2348 (US); village, 

Fosberg 31429 (US). 

Pagan: Mnrche 149 (P, Fo); Bonham 21 (US, Fo); 

Isthmus, Anderson 565 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 

Fresh Water Lake, Fosberg 31396 (US); Laguna, 

Villagomez JV-05 (US); airstrip, Moore 308 (US); 

AIt. Pagan, 300 ft [90 m], Moore 368 (US). 
22 

Alamagan: Partido village, Fosberg 31645 (US, 

RISH); SSW coast, Falanruw 1956 (US). 

Guguan: W coast below 50 ft [15 m], Falanixri~ 

1800 (US). 

Sarigan: 0-20 m, Evans 2429 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 

0-75 ft [O-20 1111, Falan.t-uw I775 (US). 

Anatahan: Sea level, Falunruw 1665 (US); S of 

SW tip of island, 0-10 ni, Evans 2460 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY). 

\Ietlinilla: Swedberg, nu., 19i.i. 

Saipan: Stephens 60 (Fo); seashore, Kanehira 1021 

(FU); Cliaran-Kanoa, 10 ft [3 m], Hosaka 3023 (US, 

BISH); just N of Agingan Pt,, SXV corner of island, 

Fosbevg 25251 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Tinian: Okatani 65 (FU); Kondo in 1952 

(BISH), 28 (BISH); beach, E side of Mt. Lasso, E 

side of island, Fosberg 24909 (US, BISH, Fo); Lake 

Hagoya, N end of island, Fosberg 24789 (US, BISH, 

Fo). 

Rota: Hosokawa, n.tl. 

Guam: Endlicher, 1835: 173 (citing Lesson): 

Hombron in 1841 (P); McGregor 545 (US, BISH); 

G.E.S. 71 (US, BISH, NSW); hlerrill, 1914:132; near 

mouth of Ylig River, Rodin 775 (US); beach $" mi 

[0.8 kni] IY of Agana, itloore 135 (US); Agana,

Sealr in 1900 (BISH), Whiting C16 (Fo); beach E of 

Harrigada, Strew 135 (US); near Talisay, 150 m, 

Fosbcrg 35262 (US, BISH, Fo); Oca Pt., Glassma?/ 

134 (Fo); \It. Terijo, 320 m, B~yan 1111 (BISH); 

hlarine Beach, Pedru, 7 (GUAhI); Pago, along river 

bank, .Yrlson 249 (BISH); Pity, Selson 180 (US, 

KISH); Tagachan Bay, Stone 4019 (BISH, GUAhI); 

'I'ogclia Ha!,, Jones Beach, Stone 4463 [4462?] 

(G1JAhI). 

CAROLISE Isr.~x~s.-Palau: Koror: Owen I1 (US, 

BISH); Ngetmecluch rock, Hardy 73 (US). Babeltlaob: E coast, Ngatkip, Airai, 0-5 m, Fosberg 32391 

(US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Marikyoku, Kanehira 381 

(FU). Afalakal: Dechel, Hardy 40 (US, BISH). Peliliu: Snlsedo 138 (US); N end of island, Fo.rbcrg 

26011 (US, BISH). 

Sonsorol: Sonsorol I., Bewy 11 (US); beach from 

village to S tip of island, Hardy I49 (US, BISH). 

Tobi: causeway through center of island, Hardy 

142 (US, BISH). 

Helen Reef: Salsedo 387 (US). 

Yap: Kamiya 131 (TI); Wong 309 (US, Fo); Gillman Colony road, 15 in, Ciishing 386 (US). 

Ulithi: Asor I., Fosberg 46438 (US, BISH, Fo, 

SY, I,, P, TI, A): hlogmog I., Fo.sbei.g 6 Wong 

SMI THSONIIN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

25493 (US, BISH), Lessa in 1949 (BISH); Falalap 

I., 3 m, Fosbeig 46974 (US, Fo, HAW, 120); Sorlen 

I., 5 in, Evans 408 (US, Fo, BISH, L, A, NY). 

Eauripik: Eauripik I., 1-2 m, Fosberg C Evans 

47129 (US). 

Woleai: Utagal I., Wong 14 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 

Falalis I., Alkire 70 (US); Falalap I., Euans 440 (Fo, 

BISH, US). 

Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 148 (US): S shore of Ella 

I., Abbott L+ Bates 73 (US). 

Larnotrek: Larnotrek I., 3 m, Fosberg 5 Evans 

Satawal: Satawal I., S side, Fosberg 46949 (seedling) (US). 

Namonuito: Ulul I., observed, common on most 

islets, Stone, 1959: 103. 

Truk: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); Wong 247 (US, 

Fo). Dublon: Natsushima, Takamatsu 63 (BISH). 

To1 (Suizoto): Takamatsu 26 (BISH). 

46767 (US). 

Etal: Seen by Anderson, but not collected. 

Lukunor: Seen by Anderson, but not collected. 

Satawan: Moch I., Anderson 1123 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, Id); Satawan l., Anrleno)? 1102 (US, BISH, 

Fo, SY, L). 

Kapingamarangi: Hare I.: Fosberg 26096 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY); ,\'iering 7-37 (US, Fo), 691 (US, Fo, 

BISH). Werua I.: Sierzng 586 (US). 

Ponape: Kamiya 218 (TI), 277 (TI); Bascom T83 

(US); U District, h' coast between Ipuak and U, 1-5 

m, Fosberg 26335 (US, BISH); Saputik I., GIassman 

2778 (US, BISH); Tarnon, Takamatsu 881 (BISH). 

Kusaie: Kanchirn 1367 (NY, FU); valley S of Lele 

Harbor, Fosberg 26642 (US, BISH); XIot, Tnkarnatsu 443 (BISH). 

II'AKE Isr2Axu.-Fosberg 34473 (US). Peale I.: 

Pollock & Bryan 22a (BISH); Lyons 24 (BISH). 

Area D: Gaston in 1953 (BISH). 

MARSHAL.I. IsI.Ams.-Eniwetok: Eniwetok I., Fosberg 24287 (US, BISH); Igurin I., St. John 23733 

(BISH); Engebi I., Fosberg 24404 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L), St. John 23778 (US., BISH); Aomon I., St. 

John 2?831 (BISH). 

Lae: Lae I., Fosberg 33999 (US); Loj I., Fosberg 

Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., Fosberg 26480 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L); Bennett (Bikej) I., Fosberg 

26506 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

XIajuro: Dalap (Salome) I., Fosberg 26910 (US, 

RISH, Fo, NY, L); Afajuro I., St. John 1951:285. 

Jaluit: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI): Schumann and 

34044 (US). 
NUMBER 36 23 

Lauterbach 1901:517 (citing Schwabe); Engler 1897: 

225; Jaluit I., Sydney Pier area, Fosberg 26709 (US, 

RISH, Fo, NY, L). 

NAUR~J ISI.AND.--BIlTgeS 130 (NSW), 140 (NSkV'). 

HANABA (OCEAN I.).-Rhone 45 (NSW). 

GILBERT ISLANDS.-Butaritari: Butaritari I., 

Herbst 6 Allerton 2699 (US). 

Tarawa: Uncommon, seen only in some abundance in Betio and near the landing place at 

Bairiki, Catala 1957:97 (citing Catala 152): seen 

in 1967 by Sachet; Betio, lagoon side, Adair 98 (US), 

Luomala 1953:25. 

Zpomoea quamoclit L. 

lpomoea quamoclit L., Sp. Pl., 159, 1753.-Safford, Contr. 

U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:299, 1905.-Otobed, ms., 1967; Guide List 

Plants Palau Is., 1971.--Stone, Micronesica, 6:494, 1971. 

Convolvulus pennatus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 

Mbth., 3:567, 1791 [l792]. 

Quamodit vulgaris Choisy, Mbm. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. 

Geneve, 6:434, 1633. 

Quamoclit pennatn (Desrousseaux) Bojer, Hort. Maurit., 224, 

1837 [as Q. pinnata].-Mernll, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:133, 

1914. 

Quamoclrt qiramoclit (L.) Britton in Britton & Brown, 111. 

F1. N. U.S., 3:22, 1698.-Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 

9:363. 1905. 

Slender glabrous twiner; leaves pinnately divided 

into linear or filiform lobes: inflorescences axillary 

with peduncles much longer than leaves, I-severalflowered: bracts nearly obsolete: pedicels 1-3 cm 

long, tending to be thickened toward apex; sepals 

oblong, obtuse to rounded, mucronate; corolla 

bright red (rarely white), about 3 cm long, very 

narrowly funnel form, limb short but deeply lobed: 

capsule ovoid at apex, glabrous, tending to split 

rather irregularly, valves thin, seeds glabrous, mottled brownish or black. 

Pantropical, a cultivated ornamental, said to be 

of tropical American origin, freely naturalized in 

warm countries: in Micronesia known thus far from 

Tinian, Guam, Palau, Yap, and Ponape; recent 

collections from cultivated plants; in Yap said to be 

a Japanese introduction. 

UsEs.-Planted by the natives as a garden plant 

(Guam: Safford, 1905). 

~'FRNACL'LAR NAMES,- 

asangao (Palau: Otobed, 1967, 1971) 

cabello del angel (Guam: G.E.S. 172; Safford, 1905) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS ISLANDS- Tinian: Lake Hagoya, N 

end of island, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24791 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L). 

Guam: Marche 207 (US); Nelson 407 (Bish): 

G.E.S. 1i2 (NSW, BISH); illerrill, 1914: 133 (citing 

G.E.S. 172); Manguuao, 65 m, Fosberg 35618 (US). 

CAROLINE Isr2ANDs.-Palau: Koror I.: Otobed 44 

(US); Tngeronger, Blackburn 193 (US); Cheatham 

36 (US). 

Yap: Wong 335 (US, Fo, NY, BISH). 

Ponape: Parakiet, Salomon 6. George 38 (US). 

Zpomoea sepiaria Koenig ex Roxburgh 

lpomoea sepiaria Koenig ex Roxburgh, F1. Ind., ed. Carey & 

Wallich, 2:90, 1824.-Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. SOC. 

Formosa, 28:156, 1936.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 

Convolvulu~ maximus sensu auct. [non L.f., Suppl., 137, 17811. 

~poirloea maxima sensu auct. plur. [non (L.f.) Sweet, Hort. 

Brit., ed. 2, 372, 18301.-van Ooststroom, Blumea, 3:526, 

1940. 

Herbaceous twiner or creeper, glabrous to hirsute: leaves glabrous extremely variable, broadly 

ovate to orbicular or reniform, acuminate, cordate 

at base, entire, minutely ciliate: peduncle thick, 

bearing an umbellate cyme of 5 to 10 flowers; 

sepals glabrous, elliptic-oblong, 4-6 mm long, 

obtuse, mucronulate; corolla tubular funnelform, 

2-2.5 cm long, white to pale lilac, purple in center; 

stamens unequal, included; style included, stigmas 

2, glabrous: capsule glabrous, depressed-globose, 

6-7 mm high; seeds densely tomentose with longer 

hairs on margin. (We have not seen this species: 

description is condensed from van Ooststroom, 

1940, 526). 

India and Ceylon to Malay Archipelago, Hainan 

and Formosa: in Micronesia found once in 1957 

in Yap. 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: "on a waste place," 

Hosokawa, 1938: 156 (citing Hosokawa 8926). 

Zpomoea setifera Poiret 

Ipomoea setifera Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Mbth., 6:17, 

1804. 

A fairly common tropical American species, a 

small-flowered variety of which has a pantropical 

scattered distribution including a number of locali- 
24 SLII~I'IISONlhN CONTRIBU rIONS TO BOTANY 

ties in the Pacific islands. The large-flowered plant 

has not been found in the Indo-Pacific area. 

The small flowered plant has hitherto been regarded as a separate species, I. fimbriosepaln, but 

since the only difference that we have found is in 

the size of the corolla, we prefer to combine it with 

I. setifon. \Ye are not aware of any available name 

in varietal rank, so we are proposing the following 

com bi na t i on. 

Zpomoea setifera var. fimbriosepala (Choisy) 

Fosberg, new combination 

lpomoea fimbriosepala Choisy in de Candolle, Prodr., 9:359, 

1845.-Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18:143, 1893.-van Ooststroom, F1. Males., I, 5:561-562, 1958. 

Aniseia hastata Meissner in Martius, FI. Bras., 7:319, 1869. 

Twiner, glabrous to somewhat pubescent; leaves 

quite variable, generally longer than wide, acuminate to acutish, extreme apex obtuse or emarginate, 

base hastate or sagittate, basal lobes pointed or 

rounded, petiole shorter than blade; peduncles 

solitary in axils, to 3-4 cm, bearing single pedicellate flowers, or simple or once compound dichasia, 

these becoming very loose, nodes bearing foliaceous 

broadly ovate mucronate bracts 5-15 mm long, 

perlicels becoming thick and elongating to 2-3 cm 

in fruit-entire inflorescence reaching 10 or more 

cm in fruit; sepals unequal, broadly ovate, outer 

ones largest, to '2 cm long or even 2.5 cm in fruit, 

with three strong keels or wings longitudinally on 

the back, thehe usually dentate toward base; corolla 

funnelform, flaring distally, 2.5-4 cm long, purple, 

darker in center; fruit ovoid to globose, 1-1.5 cm 

long, splitting into 4 hard woody ovate valves, 

spreading at tips; seeds black, puberulent. 

With a Guam specimen of Ipomoea triloba L. 

collected by the Astrolabe expedition in 1828 there 

is a specimen with strongly and narrowly sagittate 

leaves and heavy woody fruits resembling those of 

Aniseia, within which it would clearly go to A. 

hastata hleissner. The latter was first described as 

Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy and has been retained in Ipomoea by most modern authors. We 

are informed by Prof. Walter Lewis that the pollen 

of this species (preparation from Mncedo 1675 (US)) 

is notably spinulose, while that of the several other 

species of Aniseia, including A. martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy, is smooth. Hence we regard this 

species as an Ipomoea in spite of the Aniseia-like 

fruit. There is an excellent illustration of this plant 

as Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy in van Ooststroom 

(1'358, fig. 5). 

Pantropical, commonest from Brazil to Argentina, 

but scattered in Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius 

(syntype locali tie>), and several Pacific islands. In 

Slicronesia it has not been found ske the original 

collection on Guam, but should be looked for. It is 

impossible tor us to determine if it is native or 

introduced in the Pacific islands. 

~IARIANA~ ISLANDS.-Guam: s.I., in 1828, Astrolabe [lesson?] 58 in part (P). 

Zpomoea triloba L. 

Iponioea trilOb4 L., Sp. Pl., 161, 1753.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. 

Sci. Bot., 7:145-208, 1912; 9:132, 1914.-Hosokawa, Bull. 

Biogeogr. SOC. Jap., 7:199, 1937.-Tuyama, Jour. Jap. Bot., 

20:226-229, 1944.-Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209: 100, 

1952.-Fosberg, Atoll Res. Bull., 68:6, I959.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:494, 1971.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 

Conuoluulus trilobatus Gaudichaud, Bot. I'oy. Uranie, 68, 

1826 [nom. nud., probably error for C. trilobus (L.) Desrousseaux].-Safford, Contr. U.S. Kat. Herb., 9:248. 1905. 

lpomoea mariannensis Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. 

Geneve, 6:468, 1833; in de Candolle, Prodr., 9:383, 1845.- 

Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:299, 1905. 

Convolvulus mariannensis Gaudichaud ex Safford, Contr. 

U.S. h'at. Herb., 9:247, 1905 [in synonymy; apparently 

ascribed to Gaudichaud by eiror, as the latter did not publish this name]. 

Subglabrous twiner with cordate leaves varying 

from entire to remotely repand-dentate to trilobate, 

usiially less than 6 cm across; peduncles thick, 

bearing irregularly umbelloid fastigiate cymes of 

1 to 7 flowers at summits; calyx 6-8 mm long, 

sepals narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, long-villous especially on margins; corolla 

funnelform, dull pinkish or pinkish purple, up to 

2 cm long; stamens and style included; capsule 

globose, 5-7 mm high, sparsely long pilose, strongly 

beaked by dried style base; seeds smooth, dark 

brown. 

Pantropical, said to be ot tropical American 

origin: in hlicronesia known from hfarianasSaipan, Tinian, Guam; Carolines-Palau, Yap, 

Truk, Ponape; Xlarshalls-Kwajalein. Found 

mainly in disturbed or more or less open places, 

along roadsides, and in brush or thickets. 

I'ERNACULAR NAME$.- 

nedgut (Saipan: Hosaka 3004) 
NUhlBER 56 25 

fofegou (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

fofgu (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

netkort (Guam: Nelson 107) 

galli "go bocd roro (Yap: Wong 468) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

R~ARIANAS IsLANDs.-Saipan: Kanehira CL- Hatusima 4314 (FU); Tanapag, Fosberg 25261 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L); Charan-Tarhoho, 100 ft [30 m], 

Hosaha 3004 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Tinian: Lake Hagoya, 1-10 m, Fosberg 24797 

(US, BISH, Fo). 

Guam: Nelson I07 (BISH); McGregor 450 (US, 

BISH); Fosberg 43414 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 

Astrolabe [l,esson?] 58 in part (P); Merrill 1914:132 

(citing McGregor 450); Agaxia, 2 m, Fosbel-g 31936 

(US, BISH, Fo); Inarajan, Mal-che 237 (P, Fo); road 

between Merizo and Inarajan, 5 m, Fosberg 35447 

(US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); 2-3 km W of Yona, 100- 

130 m, Fosberg 35295 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); Asan 

Pt., Anderson 6 (US, BISH, Fo); Comarianas 

(Fonte) hills above Asan, 175 m, Fosberg 25427 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L); 2 mi [3.2 km] W of Agat, Moore 

275 (US); Talofofo village, Necker 214 (US); Pati 

Pt., A'ecker 334 (US); Andersen Air Force Base, 

Moran 4432 (BISH, Fo); hlenengon savannas, 

Pedl-us 69 (BISH, GUAM); Stone 4838 (GUARI); 

Piti, Swezey in 1936 (BISH); Ritidian Pt., Stone 

4712 (GUAM); OSIR Rd, Apra Harbor, Stone 

4721 (GUAM). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-PalaU: Koror: hospital, 

Bluckbum 202 (US). Rlalakal 1.: causeway from 

Koror, Evans 549 (US, Fo, HAW, K, MO). 

Yap: s.L, Kanehira CL. Hatusima 4339 (FU), 70 ft 

[20 m], Wong 468 (US, BISH, Fo); Fujikawa in 

1939 (TI); across from Catholic mission, Blackbum 

247 (US); Tomil I., 50 ft [I5 m], Hosaka 3268 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY); Dogol, Tuyama in 1939 (TI); 

Takiol, Takamatsu 1853 (BISH). 

Truk: Fefan: on XIt. Tuktyap, Hosokawa, 1937: 

199 (citing Hosokawa 8387). 

Ponape: Colonia, Glassman 2773 (US, BISH); 

1 m, Hatzisima in 1939 (FU). 

l\/IARSHALL IsLAws-Kwajalein: Kwajalein I., 

Fosberg 39487 (US, BISH, Fo). 

A number of the above cited specimens that are 

slightly coarser, slightly larger flowered than the 

others have been indicated by Dr. Daniel Austin 

(pers. comm.) as probably representing a putative 

hybrid between Ipomoea lacunosa and Ipomoea 

tiichocarpa, which has become widespread and 

which extraordinarly resembles Ipomoea triloba. 

While we admit the possibility of such a hybrid 

(although neither parent is found anywhere near 

Micronesia) we cannot confidently distinguish these 

plants from Ipomoea triloba. Hence we prefer to 

continue to consider them within our circumscription of I. tiiloba until more convincing characters 

are pointed out to separate them. 

The sheets in question are: from Saipan-Hosaka 

3004, Fosberg 25261; from Guam-Fosberg 43414, 

35447,31936, Necker 214,334, McGregor 450; from 

Yap-Hosaka 3268, Blackburn 274. The following 

two from Palau have not been examined by Austin, 

but may also belong with the above list, judging by 

flower size: Blackburn 202, Evans 549. 

Merremia Dennstedt ex Hallier f. 

Merremia Dennstedt ex Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:581, 1893. 

Twiners; peduncles axillary, bearing flowers in 

cymes; corolla broadly funnelform or campanulate; 

stamens and style included; anthers (at least in 

Micronesian species) curved or spirally coiled; pollen grains smooth; stigmas 2, globose; capsule splitting into 4-many ovate to lanceolate valves. 

This genus is difficult to distinguish convincingly 

from Ipomoea. Its chief, if not only, characters are 

smooth pollen grains and coiled anthers. The 

corolla is generally broader and has a rather different appearance; however the only good key 

characters are difficult to use without good specimens. It may be that the pollen grain surface has 

been given too much importance in this family, 

since there are so few correlated characters. 

Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban 

Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill., 4:505, 1910. 

Ipomoea aegyptia L., Sp. Pl., 162, 1753. 

Conspicuously pilose herbaceous twiner; leaves 

divided to base (or compound) into 5 narrowly 

obovate, acuminate leaflets; peduncles bearing loose 

dichasia with up to 9 flowers, small bracts: sepals 

ovate, conspicuously long-hirsute, except at tips; 

corolla white, about 2 cm long; capsule depressedglobose, about 12 mm high; seeds glabrous. 
26 SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTAISY 

Key to Micronesian Species of Merremia 

M. tridentata ssp. hastata I. Leaies lanceolate, ha5tate at base 

2. Leakes peltate iM. peltata 

I. Leabes cordate, entire to deepl\ lobed or Lut 2 

2. Leaves not peltate 3 

3. Leaies digitatel) diiitletl into elliptic acuminate lobes 4 

3. Leaies entire to trilobed or Ijiately lobed 5 

4. Plant iery hair) IM. aegyptia 

4. Plant essentiall) glabious M. tuberosa 

5. Leaies generally o\er 5 cin acros3; flolceis 2.6 cm long M. umbellata 

5. Leaies geneially less than 5 cm; fioicela at most 2 crn long 6 

6. Leaie\ with tuberculaie petioles; corolla at most I cm long; outer qepals with 

mucio t nrned outi\ art1 .M. hederacea 

6. Petioles nith felt or no tubercles; corolla 1.5-2 cm long; outer sepals Ttith mucro 

erect M. gemella 

Pantropical, known in Micronesia only from 

Guam where it was first found after World TVar 11. 

Grows generally in disturbed open places. 

;\IAKIANAs IsuxDs.-Guam: Ritidian Pt., 10 m 

back of beach, Anderson 227 (US, BISH, Fo, NY). 

Merremia gemeZZa (Burman f.) Hallier f. 

Mel-remia grinella (Burman f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 

1893.--Merrill, Phil, Jour. Sci. Bot., 9: 132, 1914.--Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:495, 1971.-Hosokaiva, ms., n.d. 

Convolvdus gemellus Burman f., FI. Ind., 46, t. 21, f.1, 1768. 

Slender sparsely pilose herbaceous twiner; leaves 

cordate, usually somewhat trilobate, acuminate, 

petiole longer than blade, generally without tubercles; peduncles usually longer than leaves to at least 

12 cm, bearing an open dichasium of 3-9 (-11) 

flowers; sepals slightly pubescent, concave, ciliate, 

broad at apex, emarginate, shortly mucronate, 

mucro erect; corolla yellow, 1-2 cm long, anthers 

curved, capsule depressed-globose, wrinkled when 

dry; seeds puberulent. 

Southeast Asia to Australia, in Micronesia known 

only from Guam where it is probably introduced; 

growing in disturbed places. 

I'ERNACUL \R Nh\rr.--Anyetcor (Guam: G.E.S. 18, Merrill, 

1914) 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Guam: G.E.S. 18 (US, BISH); 

Merrill, 1914:132; 1 mi [1.6 km] S of Piti Village, 

Moore 39 (US), 225 (US); Agana swamp, 1 m, Fosberg 312.?1 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Naval Station 

fuel depot, Simpson JS Z (US); Talofofo River valley, Stone k Fletcher. 5023 (GUAM). 

Merremia hederacea (Burman f.) Hallier f. 

Aferrevziu hedrmcea (Burman f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 

18:118, 1894.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, 1914.- 

Stone, Micronesica, 6:495, 1971.-Hosokaiva ms.. n.d. 

Evoluulus hederuceus Burman f., F1. Ind. 77, t. 30, f.2, 1768. 

Merrrmia cotwoluulacea Dennstedt, Schl. Hort. Malab., 39, 

1818 [nom. nud.1.-Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893.- 

Yolkens, Bot. Jahrb., 31:473, 1901. 

Conuoluiclus Ifederaceus, sensu Merrill, Phil. Joiir. Sci. Bot., 

9:132, 1911 [non I,., Sp. PI. 154, 17531. 

Slender subglabrous or very sparsely Dilose herbaceous twiner, tending to root at nodes; leaves 

small, cordate, entire to more or less trilobed, acute 

or slightly acuminate; peduncles somewhat exceeding leaves or shorter, bearing an open to rather 

crowded dichasium of 3-9 flowers; sepals glabrous, 

truncate to emarginate, with a short stout mucro 

that tends to turn outward; corolla yellow, less than 

1 cm long; anthers curved, style subequal with 

corolla or slightly exserted; capsule conic to depressed-globose, wrinkled when dry; seeds puhescen t. 

Old World Tropics; in Micronesia found in 

Guam and Yap. Growing in open grassy places, 

weedy roadsides and other disturbed places. 

YFRXAC~L~R S \nm.-galili ne sepan magacol (Yap: Wong 

170) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

&fARIANAS IsLANDs.-Guam: Marche 159 (P, FO); 

Merrill, 1914:132 (citing Thompson 20); 2-3 km W 

of Yona, 100-130 m, Fosbrrg 35294 (US, BISH); few 
NUMBER 36 27 

miles N of Sumai, Conover 512 (BISH); lower Fonte 

River, W of Agana, 4 m, Fosberg 31240 (US, BISH, 

Fo, NY, L); 4 mi [6.4 km] NE of Agaiia, Rodin 249 

(US); 2 mi [3.2 km] W of Agana, Moore 162 (US); 1 

mi [1.6 km] S of Piti, Moore 231 (US); Pity, Nelson 

105 (NY); OSIR Rd., Apra Harbor, Stone 4272 

(GUAM). 

Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); Volkens 1901:473 (citing 

Volkens 229). 

CAROLINE ISLANDS.-Yap: WOng 470 (us, FO); 

Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill 

Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill, Int. Rumph. Herb. Amb., 441, 

1917.-Glassman, Bishop Mus. Bull., 209:100, 1952.-Stone, 

Micronesica, 6:496, 1971.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 

Cowolvulw peltatw L., Sp. Pl., 194, 1753.-Gaudichaud, 

Bot. Voy. Uranie, 68, 1826.-Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 

9:248, 1905. 

Ipornoea peltata (L.) Choisy, Mbm. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. 

Genhve, 6:452, 1833.--Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:338, 

1905. 

Operculiria peltata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:549, 1893.- 

Safford, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 9:338, 1905.-von Prowazek, Deutsch. Marianen, 119, 1913.-Merrill, Phil. Jour. 

Sci. Bot., 9:133. 1914.-Hosokawa, Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Jap., 

7:199, 1937. 

Coarse glabrous twiner; leaves broadly cordate to 

orbicular, peltately attached, obtuse in general outline but very shortly and abruptly acuminate, 

strongly nerved; peduncles with a paniculate cyme 

of as many as 13 or more flowers; sepals glabrous, 

strongly concave or somewhat ventricose, to 2 cm 

long, obtuse, only slightly accrescent but becoming 

very firm and hard in fruit; corolla white or yellow, 

5-6 cm long, ribs slightly glandular-puberulent 

without, broadly campanulate funnelform; capsule 

about 15 mm long, splitting into many lanceolate 

valves; seeds dull brown, densely long-pilose. 

The distribution of the species is Indo-Pacific, 

from Africa to Tahiti; in Micronesia it is known 

from the Marianas-at least from Guam; Carolines-Palau, Yap, Truk, Ponape and Kusaie. It 

grows in forests and thickets. Both yellow- and 

white-flowered forms are known, the yellowflowered form supposedly from the western part of 

the range. However, both colors are found in Micronesia, even on Ponape. The presence of this 

species in the Marianas is, to the best of our knowledge, not supported by any collection, even from 

Guam. A record from “Saipan, Tinian and Rota” 

by von Prowazek is considered wholly doubtful. 

UsEs.-Christian says that the leaves and seeds 

are used as an abortifacient (Ponape: Glassman, 

1952: 100). 

VERNACULAR NAMES.- 

lagoun (Guam: Gaudichaud, 1826) 

lagun (Guam: Safford, 1905) 

kebeas (Palau: Emmons 112; Salsedo 151,416) 

fidau (Truk: Hosokawa, 1937) 

fitay (Truk: Wong 288) 

ceul (Ponape: Bascom 69) 

iol (Ponape: Hosaka 3521, Christian, 1899) 

\ol (Ponape: Christian, 1899; Glassman, 1952) 

yo01 (Ponape: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

pila (Kusaie: Fosberg 26572) 

para (Kusaie: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS hLANDS.--GUam: Gaudichaud, 1826: 

68; Safford, 1905:338; Merrill, 1914: 133. 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Babeldaob: Garamiscan colony, Garamiscan (Almiokan) River, 0-20 m, 

Fosberg 25765 (US, BISH, Fo); Aimeleek Exp. Station, Kanehira 297 (NY); Nekken, Emmons 112 (US 

BISH); Airraii, Salsedo 416 (US); Madmosuk I. (W 

of Koror): 50 ft [15 m], Stone 1303 (BISH). Koror: 

Otobed 45 (US, BISH, Fo); T-dock road, 2 m, Fosberg 32610 (US, BISH, Fo); Sansaro, Salsedo 151 

Yap: Tomil I., 75 ft [23 m], Hosaka 3301 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY). 

Truk: 600 ft [185 m], Wong 288 (US). Moen: 

edge of forest, 600 ft [185 m], Hosaka 3428 (US); 

Nob Hill, 100-150 m, Evans 1379 (US, HAW). 

Dublon and most other islets: Hosokawa, 1937: 199. 

Ponape: Bascom 69 (US); Glassman, 1952: 100 

(citing Takamatsu 828 from Toleailuka, Takamatsu 

92 1 from Oa, and Takamatsu 11 02 from Mt. Nanataut); Toleailuka, Mt. Seletereh, 650 ft [200 

m], Glassman 2726 (US); Net District, 200 ft [60 m], 

Glassman 2769 (US); Mt. Peipalap, 500 ft [I50 m], 

Glassman 2775 (US); Ipuak, 50 ft [15 m], open 

places in abandoned fields and coconut groves, 

Hosaka 3521 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Kusaie: Lowest slopes and foot of Mt. Matante 

(Buache), S side, N of head of Lele harbor, Fosberg 

26572 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); Mt. Matante, Hosokawa 9481 (A). 

(US). 
28 SMI THS0SI.W CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. 

Mefieinin fridenlata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893. 

Convolviilus tridevtatus L., Sp. PI., 157, 1753. 

The nominate subspecies is not found in Micronesia. 

Merrimia tridentata ssp. hastata van Ooststroom 

Mrrreinia tridenfata ssp. hastata van Ooststroom, Blumea, 3: 

Cowol?jttlus hastalus Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl., 3:542, 

Mwrrmia Imtafa Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893 [noni. 

317, 1939. 

1789 [I7921 [non For kala, F1. Aeg.-Arab., 203, 17751. 

illegit.].-Hosoka~ca, rns., n.d. 

Subglabrous herbaceous twiner with angled stenis; 

leaves lanceolate with a cordate or hastate base, the 

basal lobes tending to be dentate, subsessile, a 

slightly tomentose area at base of blade attachment; 

peduncles with a 3-flowered cyme; sepals glabrous, 

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla about 1.5 cm 

long, yellow or white, funnelform; capsule subglobose, about 5 mm high, dehiscing irregu1a:lp 

from base or apex; seeds dark brown, glabrous. 

Old M'orld Tropics; in Micronesia collected 

thrice in Palau. Found in open places. 

CAROLINE Isr.ArvDs.-Palau: Hosokawa, n.d. (citing 

Hosokawa 6946,9180); Ngelwa, Hosokawa 9180 (A); 

Babeldaob, Kamusetu, Almonogui, Hatmima 4867 

(FU). 

lllerremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle 

Merremia tu6erosa (L.) Rendle in Thiselton-Dyer, F1. Trop. 

fpomoea tuberosa L., Sp. PI., 160, 1553. 

Operculina tu6erosa (L.) Meissner in Martius, FI. Bras., 7: 

212, 1869.-MerrilI, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:132, 1914.- 

Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 

Coarse glabrous twiner; leaves digitately divided 

to about 1-1.5 cm from base, lobes elliptic strongly 

acuminate; peduncles about as long as leaves, bearing dichasia of about 7 flowers; sepals about 3 cm 

long, ovate to broadly elliptic, obtuse to rounded, 

glabrous, accrescent in fruit to as much as 7 cm long 

and becoming very hard and woody; corolla bright 

yellow, funnelform-campanulate, 5 cm long, stamens and styles included; anthers spirally twisted; 

capsule depressed globose, about 2 cm high; seeds 

dull black, hairy on angles. 

Afr., 4(2): 104, 1905.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:496, 1971. 

Pantropical, mostly in cultivation, probably of 

tropical American origin; in Micronesia known 

only from Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam, in all 

of which it is either in cultivation or around old 

house sites, and from Kwajalein, where it was seen 

growing in a pot. 

USES.-It is prized for its fruits surrounded by 

accrescent woody sepals, vaguely suggesting a rose 

and used in dried flower arrangements. 

\'FR\ACLLAR h'Al1k \.- 

hood rose, \\ootleri rose (English) 

alarrak (Saipan: Hosokawa, n.d.) 

MARIANAS 1sLAiws.-Saipan: Hosokawa, n.d. (citTinian: Carolinas Heights, seen by Stensland in 

Rota: Hosokawa, n.d. (citing Tuyama 339, 500). 

Guam: JfrGiegor 551 (US, NY, NSW, BISH); 

llerrill, 1914: 132 (citing hlcGregor 551); Nelson 

527 (NY, BISH); Agafia Bay area, Moore 288 (US). 

MARSHAI I. Isr.ANDs.-Kwajalein: seen growing in 

pot, 1956, by Fosberg. 

ing Tuyama 248, hfomose s.n.) 

1951, not collected. 

,l.lerremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f. 

hierrernin umbellata (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 1893. 

Convolvulus tiinbellatri~ L., Sp. PI., 155, 1753. 

Pantropical, M. urnbellata var. umbellata mostly 

.American, and not found in Micronesia; variety 

orientalis from East Africa to Thailand, Malaysia, 

Queensland, and Tahiti and probably from Ponape 

in Micronesia. 

Merremia umbellata var. orientalis Hallier f. 

hlerremia urnbellata var. orientalis Hallier f., Ver. 's Lands 

Plant., 1895:132, 1896. 

Plants collected in Ponape and determined by T. 

Tuyama as M. elmeii Merrill, a Bornean species, 

seem, from notes we made in 1953 on the specimens 

in the Tokyo University Herbarium, more likely 

to belong to ill. iimbellata var. orientalis, though 

the notes are not detailed enough to be certain. The 

brief description written in Tokyo from the Ponape 

specimens follows. "Large plant, leaves cordate, not 

peltate; inflorescence umbellate, longer than leaves; 

flowers about 2.5 cm long; fruit splitting into man) 

valves of unequal width; seeds densely long-pilose." 
NUMBER 36 29 

CAROLINE Isums.-Ponape: Koidzumi in 1915 

(TI); Matalanum, foot of Mt. Pagelkap, Okabe in 

1941 (TI). 

Operculina Manso 

Operculina Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz., 16, 1836. 

Coarse twining vines with large cordate leaves; 

cymes axillary, pedunculate, bracteate; sepals usually accrescent; corolla broadly funnelform to campanulate; stamens included, adnate to corolla tube, 

anthers becoming spirally twisted; style 1, included, 

stigmas 2, globose; ovary 2-celled, 2 ovules in a cell; 

fruit a capsule, the epicarp circumscissile, separat. 

ing from the transparent endocarp, this eventually 

breaking irregularly. 

A pantropical genus with two species in Micronesia, one probably native, the other introduced 

from America. 

Key to Micronesian Species of Operculina 

Stems strongly angled or alate; bracts 1.5-2 cm long 0. turpethum -. - 

Stems terete; bracts well over 2 cm long 

Operculina turpethum (L.) Manso 

Opercirlina turpethum (L.) Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz., 16, 

Co~woluulus turpethum L., Sp. Pl., 155, 1753. 

Zpomoea tttrpethum (L.) R. Brown, Prodr., 485, 1810.- 

Merrernia urnbellata sensu Kanehira, Enum. Mia. Pl., 400, 

1836.-Alkire, Micronesica, 103, 1974. 

Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 6:450, 1833. 

1935 [non (L.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 16:552, 18931. 

Coarse subglabrous twiner with strongly angular 

or winged stems; leaves orbicular, cordate with a 

broad sinus, obtuse to rounded at apex, puberulent; 

peduncles with 1-3 flowers, pedicels becoming very 

thick, 3-4 cm long, bracts early caducous, less than 

2 cm long; sepals orbicular, 2-3 cm long, sericeous, 

apex rounded, sharply mucronate, somewhat accrescent; corolla broadly campanulate, 5-6 cm long; 

capsule globose, about 1.5 cm long or somewhat 

larger; seeds black, glabrous. 

Old World Tropics, widespread in the Pacific 

islanda; in hlicronesia known from the CarolinesPalau, Fais, Woleai(?), Ifaluk, Truk, Namoluk, 

Ponape, and Kusaie, with an old record purporting 

to be this species from Tinian, no doubt based on 

the Gaudichaud specimen cited below (Choisy, 

1833:450). It is a vigorous liana growing in edges 

of forests, thickets and especially disturbed places. 

After World War I1 skeletons of dead trees in areas 

of heavy fighting on Peliliu, for example, were so 

covered by this vine as to appear to be living trees. 

I'ERNACULAR NAMES.- 

besbus (Palau: Fosberg 47471) 

chonguched arkung (Palau: Hardy 42) 

ligatchog (Woleai: Alkire, 1974) 

0. ventricosa 

lihatchog (Woleai: Alkire 74 (sterile)) 

afaamac (Truk: Wong 253) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECOKDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS II ANDs.-"Ile Tinian (Mariannes) C. 

Gaud."? (P) 

CAROLINE IsLANDs.-Palau: Ngarakabesang (Arakabesan I.): 2-5 m, Fosberg ?2377 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L). Malakal I.: Otobed in 1974 (US, BISH); 

near Fisheries Development Sta., Hardy 42 (US). 

Aulupse'el I.: Ngerebe'ed beach, 2 m, Fosberg 

47471 (US, BISH). Peliliu: S central part of island, 

2 m, Fosbetg ?2005 (US, BISH); flat W of Bloodynose Ridge, 6 m, Fosberg 32004 (US, BISH, Fo, NY); 

SW side of island 3-4 m, Fosberg 25982 (US, BISH, 

Fo); near airstrip, 2-4 m, Fosberg 47645 (US, Fo). 

Angaur: Koidzumi in 1915 (TI); central part of 

island, 4 m, Fosberg 25878 (US, BISH, Fo); E coast 

of island, 2-5 m, Fosberg 31977 (US, BISH, Fo, 

NY, L). 

Fais: Yldow, 15 m, Fosberg 46721 (Fo). 

Woleai: Falalis I., Alkire 74? (sterile). 

Ifaluk: Falalap I., 1-2 m, Fosberg 47242 (US, 

Truk: Wong 253 (US, BISH, Fo). 

Namoluk: Namoluk I., Marshall 92 (US). 

Ponape: Toletik, Takamatsu 991b (BISH). 

Kusaie: Mot, Takamatsu 445 (BISH). 

HAW, Fo, NY). 

Operculina ventricosa (Bertero) Peter 

Operctilina uentricosa (Bertero) Peter in Engler & Prantl, 

Nat. PR., iv(3a):32, 1891.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:496, 1971.- 
30 SMI'I'HSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Sniithsonian Contr. Bot. 

cOf2VO~?u~US ventricoAus Bertero in Colla, Hort. Ripul., 37, 

22~37-38, 197.3. 

1824 [non Silva Manso, Enum. Subst. Braz., 20, 18361. 

Very coarse, extensive, appressetl pubescent 

twiner, stems terete; leaves very large, to 30 cm or 

more across, orbicular cordate, very shortly acuminate, petioles 15-20 cm long; peduncles stout, to 

30 cm long, with compact cymes of up to 7 flowers; 

bracts conspicuous, orbicular to oval, membranoub, 

concave, pubescent, somewhat persistent, 2.5-4 cm 

long; sepals orbicular, obtuse, mucronulate, accrehcent; corolla white, campanulate or broadly funnelform, about 5 cm long; stamens strongly included, 

anthers tightly coiled; capsule globose, about 2.5 

cm long; seeds black, glabrous. 

'4 native of tropical America but has been present 

in AIicronesia, in the Llarianas, for a long time-it 

was collected by hlarche in 1887 or 1888 on Pagan; 

known from .I\suncion, Agrigan, Pagan, Alamagan, 

Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam. Common in disturlied places, climbing in thickets and 

covering the ground in great mats; it has only 

recently become common in Guam, where it has 

been collected repeatedly near Northwest Field, 

beginning in World War 11. It may have been 

introduced there from Saipan or Tinian on aircraft at that time. In recent years it has been 

collected here and there farther south on the island. 

M. V. C. Falanruw informs us that it had become 

quite common by 1967 and 1968. 

GEOCKAPHIC KECOKDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

~IAKIANAS lsI.h~Ds.-Asullcion: lower Sw slope, 

150 ft [45 m], Falanruw 2251 (US, BISH). 

Agrigan: Trail around S side of island, Fosberg 

31617 (US); mid-west coast, 200 ft [60 m], Falanrziw 

2329 (US). 

Pagan: Marche 148 (P, Fo); Bonham 2 (US, Fo); 

Fresh Water Lake, 2-50 m, Fosberg 31383 (US, 

BJSH); airstrip, Moore 306 (US). 

Alamagan: Vicinity of Asongsong village, Fosberg 

31722 (US, BISH); SSW coast, below 500 ft [150 m], 

Falanruw 1939, (US). 

BISH, Fo, NY). 

Sarigan: Near village 

Anatahan: Falani uw 

Saipan: Conmge 54 

Army Hill, Com.nge 30 

10-100 m, Evans 2337? (US, 

1988? (US). 

(US); Lange 10 (BISH); 

(US); Enarpi Point, Lange 

35 (BISH); just S of Garapan, Fosberg 25215 (US, 

BISH, Fo); Kannat Laulau, above 5fagicienne Bay, 

75 m, Fosbel-g 31273 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Tinian: N end of island, 100 ft [30 m], Hosaka 

2857 (US, BISH, Fo); S end of S plateau, Kondo 9 

(BISH); llarpo Valley, E of Tinian (former town), 

60 m, Fosbe9.g 24812 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L). 

Rota: Slopes above As Afalote, S side of island, 

250 m, Fosbe7.g 31876 (US): Sasan Haya Bay, 10-30 

m, Sachet 1766 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); track from 

Poniya Pt, 350-500 m, Evans 2191 (US, HL4TV, Fo, 

Guam: 1 mi [l.6 km], S of Ritidian Point, Moran 

1523 (UC, BISH, Fo); N of Northwest Field, 500 

ft [150 m], Steere 168 (US); Northwest Field, 185 m, 

Fosbeig 35384 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L); mile 

[0.8 km] E of Barrigada and Pagat Point Area, 400- 

600 ft [120-180 m], Moore 56 (US); hfelojloj, 50 m, 

Evans 1474 (US, HAW, Fo, MO, NY); Aleri7o and 

Agfayan Hay, Stone 4911 (GUAM). 

K). 

Stictocardia Hallier f. 

Stictocardia Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 18: 159, 1894.--Gunn, Brit. 

[onia, 24:169-170, 1972. 

Rivea, sensu Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 9:133, 1914 [non 

Choisy, Mem. SOC. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genhve, 6:407, 18331. 

Large twiners; leaves glandular beneath; peduncles axillary, bearing cymes; sepals elliptic to 

orbicular, greatly accrescent and thickened in fruit; 

corolla funnelform-campanulate; stamens and style 

included, pollen spinulose; stigmas 2, globose; 

capsule completely enclosed by accrescent calyx, 

globose, 4-celled, the septa with transverse wings, 

wall thin, irregularly dehiscent leaving the septa 

and their wings enclosing seeds; seeds pubescent. 

The genus differs from Ipomoea only in the 

glandular leaves, the thickened closed fruiting calyx, 

and the structure of the capsule. A few species of 

Ipomoea also have glandular leaves, but none of 

these species are Jlicronesian. 

Pantropical, with one species in Micronesia. 

Stictocardia campanulata (L.) Merrill 

Stictocardia campanulata (L.) Merrill, Phil. Jour. Sci. Bot., 

9:133, 1914.-Kanehira, Enum. Mia. PI., 401, 1935.-Whiting, ms., 1965.--Gunn, Brittonia, 24:170-172, 1972.-Fosberg, Falanruw, and Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot., 22: 

38, 1975.-Hosokawa, ms., n.d. 
NllMBER 36 

31 

Zpornoea carnpanulata L., Sp. Pl., 160, 1753. 

Convolvulus tiliaefolius Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 

Mcth., 3:544, 1789 [1792].-Gaudichaud, Bot. Voy. Uranie, 

70, 1826. 

Zpomoea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Roemer & Schultes, Syst. 

Veg., 4:229, 1819. 

Rivea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. 

Nat. Geneve, 6:407, 1833. 

Argyreia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Wight, Ic., 4:12, t. 1358, 

1850.-Safford, Contr. US. Nat. Herb., 9:188, 1905. 

Stictocardia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb., 

183139, 1894.-Stone, Micronesica, 6:497, 1971. 

Riven carnpanulata (L.) House, Muhlenbergia, 5:72, 1909. 

Extensive but rather slender, short-pubescent 

twiner; leaves broadly ovate cordate with open 

sinus, apex slightly blunt-acuminate; peduncles 1-, 

rarely 3-flowered, mostly shorter than leaves; sepals 

about 15 mm long, the inner exceeding outer, 

almost truncate, remotely ciliate, enormously accrescent antl becoming thick and spongy and completely enclosing the fruit; corolla delicate, lavender, 

narrowly campanulate but strongly flaring, 8-10 cm 

long, stamens antl style included; fruiting sepals 

4 cm long, closely investing capsule, capsule about 

2.5-3 cm long, globose: seeds brown, shortly and 

sparsely sericeous. 

Pantropical, widespread in the Pacific Islands; 

in XIicronesia known from the MarianasAlamagan, Sarigan, Anatahan, Saipan, and Guam; 

and tlie Carolines-Palau. Growing in thickets 

and eclges of forest, its large lilac flowers are very 

conspicuous. 

UsEs.-The children string the flowers on strings 

and sticks and are very fond of them as ornaments; 

the name “abubo” applies only to the flowers 

(Guam: Safford, 1905). 

VERNACULAR NAMESabubo (Guam: Safford, 1905; Merrill, 1914) 

abubu (Guam: Whiting C16a) 

abubu a las doce (Guam: Whiting, ms., 1965) 

abuto apaca (Guam: Nelson 368) 

alalag (Guam: Safford, 1905; Merrill, 1914) 

alalag abubu (Guam: Nelson 259) 

alalak (Guam: Nelson 48) 

GEOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAMINED 

MARIANAS IsLANDs.-Alamagan: around Partido 

village, Fosberg 31696 (US). 

Sarigan (Saligan): Kanehira 2170 (NY); ridge 

near anchorage, 300 ft [90 m], Fnlanmw 1761 (US). 

Anatahan: W coast, below 200 m, Fdanruw 

1706 (US). 

Saipan: Knnehirn 946 (NY, FU); 1080 (NY, FU), 

3823 (FU). 

Guam: Xlerrill, 1914: 133-134; Marche 158 (P, 

Fo); G.E.S. 93 (US, BISH, NSW); Nelson 405 

(BISH), 259 (BISH), 368 (BISH, NY); Whiting 

Cl6a (US); Gognga Beach, Tumon Bay, 2 m, Fosberg 43496 (US, BISH, Fo); Inarajan, Marche 238 

(P); E coast, 2 mi [3.2 km] E of Yigo, Moore 272 

(US); 1 km S of Barrigada, Fosberg 35287 (US, 

BISH, Fo, NY, L); Yigo, Nelson 48 (US); near Pago 

Bay, Stone 4313 (US, GUAM); La Cienaga, Stone 

1926 (GUAM); Mochom, Stone 4955 (GUAM). 

CAROLINE Is~~~~s.-Palau: Koror: Kanehira 

1935:401, citing Kanehira 2070, 2777. 

Synonyms and Excluded or Misapplied Names 

.4niseia hastata Meissner. See Ipomoea setifera var. firnbrioArgyreia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Wight. See Stictocardia 

Batatas Choisy. See Ipornoea L. 

Batatas? crassicadis Bentham. See Ipornoea fistulosa Martius 

Calonyction Choisy. See Ipomoea L. 

Calonyction aculeata (L.) House. See Ipomoea alba L. 

Calonyction album (L.) House. See Ipomoea alba L. 

Calonyction album sensu Merrill, Hosokawa. See Ipornoea 

Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer. See Ipornoea alba L. 

Calonyction bona-nox sensu Schumann & Lauterbach. See 

Calonyction comosperrnurn Bojer. See Ipomoea macrantha 

Calonyction speciosum sensu Engler. See Ipornoea rnacrantha 

Calonyction tuba (Schlechtendal) Colla. See Ipornoea macConvolvulus aculeatus L. See Ipomoea alba L, 

Convolvulus alsinoides L. See Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. 

Convolvulus batatas L. See Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck 

Convolvulus brasiliensis L. See Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasi. 

Convolvulus coeruleus sensu Safford. See Ipornoea indica 

Convolvulus congestus (R. Brown) Sprengel. See Ipornoea 

Convolr~rrlrts denticulatus Desrousseaux. See Ipornoca littorah 

Conriolvulus gemellus Burman f. See Merremia gemella 

Convolvulus hastatus Desrousseaux. See Merrernia tridentata 

sepala (Choisy) Fosberg 

carnpanulata (L.) Merrill 

ex Choisy 

rnacrantha Roemer & Schultes 

Ipomoea rnacrantha Roemer & Schultes 

Roemer & Schultes 

Roemer & Schultes 

rantha Roemer & Schultes 

liensis (L.) van Ooststroom 

(Burman) Merrill 

indica (Burman) Merrill 

Blume 

(Burman f.) Hallier f. 

ssp. hastata van Ooststroom 
32 SMI I'HSONIAN CONTRIBUlIONS TO BOTANY 

Convolurrlus hederacezrs sensu Merrill. See hferrernia hedeConuoluulus hederaceiis sensu Safford. See Ipomoea indica 

Conuoluulus indirus Burman. See Ipomora indica (Burman) 

Conuolvulus mariannensi.r Gaudichaud ex Safford. See IpoConuolvulus maritimus Desrousseaux. See Ipomoea pesConuoluulus marlinicensis Jacquin. See Aniseia martinicensis 

Convoluulus masirnus sensu auct. See lpomoea sepiaria 

Conuolvirlus nil sensit Safford. See Ipomoea indica (Burman) 

Conuolvulus obscrrrri.~ I.. See Iponioea obscrrra (L.) KerConvoluulris paniculatzrs L. See Ipomuea mauritiana Jacquin 

Convolriuiirs peltatns L. See Merreniia peltata (L.) Merrill 

Conuolurrlits peiinatzrs Desrousseaux. See lpomoea quamoclit 

Con~~oIzmlt~s pes-capme L. See Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. 

Convolvrdus tiliaefo/itts Desrousseaux. See Stictocardia camConuolvuius tridentatus L. See Merremia tridentata (L.) 

Conuolurtlics trilobatus Gaudichaud. See Ipomoea triloba L. 

Convoluulus tuba Schlechtendal. See lpomoea macrantha 

Conuolriulzts turpethzrin L. See Oprrculina turpethum (L.) 

Conriolvrrlits zrmbellatzrc L. See Merremia irmbrllata (L.) 

Conuoluulus ventricosus Bertero. See Operculiiia uentricosa 

Ericybe sp. The Kusaie record in Kanehira's Enumeration, 

Evolvulus hederaceus Burman f. See Merremia hederacra 

Iponzoea aegyptia L. See Alerremia aegyptia (L.) Urbaii 

Ipomovn alba sensu Ta\lor. See Ipomoen niacrantha Roemer 

Ipoinoea angiclata Lamarck. See Ipornoea hedcrifolia L. 

Ipomoecc biloba sensu Safford, Okabe. See Ipomoea pesIpotiroea Dona-7io.x L. See Ipomora alba L. 

Ipomoea bona-nox sensu Cuillaumin. See Ipomoea moeran/ha 

Roemer & Schultes 

lpomoea bmsi1iensi.c (L.) S\veet. See Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. 

brasiliemis (L.) 1 an Ooststroom 

lpomoea raiiipanzclnta L. See Stirtocardia campanulata (L.) 

Merrill 

Iponioea rhoisiana Wight ex Safford (1. rhoisFana Merrill, 

sphalm.). See Ipomoea littoralis Blume 

Ipomoea eoccinea sensu auct. plur. See lpomoea hederifolia 

L. 

racea (Burman f.) Hallier f. 

(Burnian) Merrill 

Merrill 

moea triloba L. 

caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom 

(Jacquin) Choisy 

Koenig ex Roxburgh 

Merrill 

Garvler 

L. 

Brown 

panulafa (L.) Merrill 

Hallier f. 

Roemer & Schultes 

Manso 

Hallier f. 

(Bertero) Peter 

19353398. is based on a specimen of Embelia sp. 

(Burman f.) Hallier f. 

& Schultes 

caprar ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom 

Ipomoea congesta R. Brown. See Ipomoea indica (Burman) 

Ipoinorn crassicaulis (Bentham) Robinson. See Ipomoea 

lpomoea dentictclata (Desrousseaux) Choisy. See Ipomoea 

Zpomoea digifata seiisu Hosokawa, Glassman. See Ipomoea 

lpomoea fimbriosepala Choisy. See Ipomoea setifera var. 

Ipomoea glaberrima Bojer ex Bouton. See Ipomoea macranIpoinoea gracilis sensu auct. plur. See Ipomoea littoralis 

lponiora gracilis sensu Glassman. See Ipomoea macrantha 

Ipomoea grandifha sensu auct. See Ipomoea macrantha 

Ipomoea hederarea sensu auct. See Ipomoea indica (Burman) 

Iponzoea insularis (Choisy) Steudel. See Ipomoea indica (BurIpornoea longipora R. Brown. See Ipomoea macrantha RoeIpomoea ninriannensis Choisy. See Ipomoea triloba L. 

Ipomoea maritima (Desrousseaux) R. Brown. See Ipomoea 

pes-mprar ssp. brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom 

Ipomoen maxima sensu auct. plur. See Ipomoea sepiaria 

Koenig ex Roxburgh 

Ipor~roen paniculata (L.) R. Brown. See Ipomoea niaiiritiana 

Jacquin 

Ipovzoea pellato (L.) Choisy. See Mrrremia peltata (L.) Merrill 

Ipomoea pes-caprae sensu auct. plur. [most Pacific authors]. 

See Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis (L.) Tzan Ooststroom 

Ipomoea purga sensu Okabe. See lpomoea pes-caprae ssp. 

brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststroom 

Ipomoen reptans sensu auct. See Ipomoea ciqirntica Forskil 

Ipomoea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Roemer & Schultes. See 

Ipomoea triloba? \ al-. [Gaitdichaud 169 (G)]. See lpomoea 

Ipomora tuba (Schlechtendal) G. Don. See Ipomoen macranIpomoea tirberosa L. See Merremia tiiberosa (L.) Rendle 

Ijbomoea turpethzrm (L.) R. Brown. See Operculina turpel.ettsomia Roxburgh. See At-gyreia Loureiro 

i\.lerremin eonuolvulacea Dennstetlt. See Merremia hederacea 

Merremia rlmeri Merrill. See Merrrmia uni bellata (L.) HalMerremia hastata Hallier f. See Merremia tridentata ssp. 

Merremia zrmbellata sensu Kanehira. See Operculina turpeOperculina peltata (L.) Hallier f. See Merremia peltata (L.) 

Merrill 

fistitloso Martius ex Choisy 

littoralis Blume 

mauritinna Jacquin 

fimbriosepala (Choisy) Fosberg 

tha Roemer & Schultes 

Blume 

Roemer & Schultes 

Roemer & Schultes 

Merrill 

man) Merrill 

mer & Schultes 

Stictora1,dia campan irlata (L.) Merrill 

lit/orali,i Blume 

tha Roemer 8: Schultes 

thrrm (L.) Manso 

(Buinian f.) Hallier f. 

lier f. 

hastata van Ooststroom 

thrcm (L.) Manso 

Merrill 
NUMBER 36 

Operculina tubeiosa (L.) Meissner. See Merremia tuberosa 

Pharbitis Choisy. See Ipomoea L. 

Pharbitis congesta (R. Brown) Hara. See Zpomoea indicu 

Pharbitis hederacea sensu Safford. See Ipomoea indica (BurPharbitis insiclaris Choisy. See Zpomoea indica (Burman) 

Pharbitis nil sensu Safford. See Zpomoea indica (Burman) 

Quamoclit Moench. See Ipomoea L. 

(L.) Rendle 

(Burman) Merrill 

man) Merrill 

Merrill 

Merrill 

Quamoclit coccinea sensu auct. plur. See Ipornoea hederifolia 

Quamoclit pennata (Desrousseaux) Bojer (Q. pinnata Bojer, 

Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton. See Zpomoea quamoclit L. 

Rivea sensu Merrill. See Stictocardia Hallier f. 

Rivea campanulata (L.) House. See Stictocardia campanulata 

Rivea tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Choisy. See Stictocardia camStictocardia tiliaefolia (Desrousseaux) Hallier f. See StictoL. 

sphalm.) See Zpomoea quamoclit L. 

(L.) Merrill 

panulata (L.) Merrill 

cardia campanulata (L.) Merrill 
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34