## A

ttachment B: Amendment of R .C.S.A

. Section 22a-174-18 B-1

. Notice of public hearing

. 

# B-2

. Certification ofpublic hearing

. B-3

. Hearing report

.EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004

Section 22a-174-18

. Control of particulate matter and visible emissions

. (a) Definitions

. For the purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply: (1) "Calendar quarter" means a consecutive three (3) month period (non-overlapping) beginning on January 1, April l, July 1 or October 1 ; (2) "Flue-fed incinerator" means an incinerator with a single flue that serves as both the charging chute and the flue to transport combustion products to the atmosphere; (3) "Incinerator" means, notwithstanding section 22a-174-1 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, any device, apparatus, equipment or structure used for destroying, reducing or salvaging by fire any material or substance, including but not limited to, refuse, rubbish, garbage, trade waste, debris or scrap, or facilities for cremating human or animal remains; (4) "One-minute block average" means, for measurements taken at a source using opacity CEM equipment, the average ofsix (6) or more data points equally spaced over one minute; and, for measurements takenusing 40CFR60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9, the average offour or more data points equally spaced over a one minute period; (5) "Shutdown" means the period of time beginning when the owner or operator of a stationary source initiates theprocess of ceasing the operation ofsuch source and ending when operation thereofhas completely ceased; (6) "Six-minute block average" means, for measurements taken at a source using opacity CEM equipment, the average of thirty-six (36) or more data points equally spaced over a six (6) minute period; and, for measurements taken using 40 CFR60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9, the average oftwenty-four or more data points equally spaced over a six (6) minute period; (7) "Stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine" means any spark ignited or compression ignited engine that is also a stationary source as defined in section 22a-174-1 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies; and (8) "Startup" means the time beginning when the owner or operator of a stationary source initiates the process ofsetting such source into operation

. (b) Visible emission standards

. (1) Stationary sources without opacity CEM equipment

. Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, an owner or operator ofany stationary source without opacity CEM equipment for which opacity is measured using visual observation shall not exceed the following visible emissions limits:EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 2

(A) Twenty percent (20%) opacity during any six-minute block average as measured by 40 CFR60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9 ; or (B) Forty percent (40%) opacity as measured by 40CFR60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9, reduced to a one-minute block average
. (2) Stationary sources with opacity CEM equipment

. Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, an owner or operator of a stationary source for which opacity is measured using opacity CEM

equipment shall not exceed the following visible emissions limits: (A) Twenty percent (20%) opacity during any six-minute block average; or (B) Forty percent (40%) opacity during any one-minute block average
. (3) Mobile sources

. Except as provided in subsection (j) ofthis section, no person shall cause or allow

: (A) Any visible emissions froma gasoline powered mobile source for longer than five (5) consecutive seconds; (B) Visible emissions froma diesel powered mobile source ofa shade or density equal to or darker than twenty percent (20%) opacity for more than ten (10) consecutive seconds, during which time the maximum shade or density shall be no darker than forty percent (40%) opacity ; or (C) Amobile source to operate for more than three (3) consecutive minutes when such mobile source is not in motion, except as follows: (i) When a mobile source is forced to remain motionless because oftraffic conditions or mechanical difficulties over which the operator has no control, (ii) When it is necessary to operate defrosting, heating or cooling equipment to ensure the safety or health ofthe driver or passengers, (iii) When it is necessary to operate auxiliary equipment that is located in or on the mobile source to accomplish the intended use ofthe mobile source, (iv) To bring the mobile source to the manufacturer's recommended operating temperature, (v) When the outdoor temperature is below twenty degrees Fahrenheit (20 degrees F), (vi) When the mobile source is undergoing maintenance that requires such mobile source be operated for more than three (3) consecutive minutes, orEFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 3
(vii) When a mobile source is in queue to be inspected by U .S

. military personnel prior to gaining access to a U .S

. military installation

. (c) Control of airborne particulate matter and fugitive particulate matter

. (1) No person shall cause or allowany materials to be handled, transported, or stored; or a building, its appurtenances, or a road to be used, constructed, altered, repaired or demolished without taking reasonable precautions to prevent particulate matter frombecoming airborne

. Such reasonable precautions shall be in accordance with good industrial practice as determined by the commissioner and shall include, but not be limited to: (A) The use ofwater or other appropriate material to prevent airborne particulate matter generated by the demolition ofbuildings or other structures; construction operations; the clearing or grading of land; or the grading, construction or improvement of roads; (B) The application ofasphalt, water, suitable materials or covers to material stockpiles and other surfaces that can give rise to airborne particulate matter; (C) The use ofhoods, fans, fabric filters or other devices to enclose and vent the handling of materials that can give rise to airborne particulate matter; (D) The covering, while in motion, ofopen-bodied trucks, open-bodied trailers and railroad cars transporting materials capable of giving rise to airborne particulate matter ; (E) The prompt removal ofearth or other material deposited onto paved streets by trucking, earth moving equipment, erosion or other means; and (F) The use ofcontainment methods for sandblasting or similar operations

. (2) No person shall cause or allow the emission ofvisible particulate matter beyond the legal boundary ofthe property on which suchemission occurs that either: (A) Remains near ground level beyond such property boundary; or (B) Diminishes the health, safety or enjoymentofpeople using a building or structure located beyond the property boundary

. (3) Noperson shall emit particulate matter into the ambient air in such a manner as to cause a nuisance

.EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004

(d) Emission standards for incinerators and prohibitions on flue-fed incinerators

. (1) No owner or operator shall cause or allow the construction, installation or operation of a flue-fed incinerator

. (2) Particulate matter emission standards for incinerators

. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation of any incinerator that will result in particulate matter emissions in excess of the particulate matter emission standards set forth in subparagraph (A) or (B) ofthis subdivision: (A) For incinerators for which construction or modification commenced on or after July 1, 1979, 0

.08grains per standard cubic foot corrected to twelve percent (12%) carbon dioxide (COZ) over a two (2) hour average or 0.18grams per cubic meter corrected to twelve percent (12%) carbon dioxide (COZ) over a two (2) hour period; and (B) For incinerators for which construction or modification commenced priorto July 1, 1979, 0

.4 pounds ofparticulate per thousand pounds offlue gases adjusted to fifty percent (50%) excess air

. (3) Visible and fugitive emission standards for incinerators

. No owner or operator of any incinerator shall cause or allow unburned waste or ash particulate emissions that are individually discernible by the human eye measured using 40 CFR60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9 and 40CFR60, Appendix A, Reference Method 22

. (e) Particulate matter emission standards for fuel-burning equipment

. (1) The owner or operator offuel-burning equipment subject to section 22a-174-3a or former section 22a-174-3 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies shall emit no more than 0 .10 pounds ofparticulate matter per million BTU of heat input or the particulate matter standard ofa permit applicable to such equipment, whichever is more stringent

. (2) The owner or operator offuel-burning equipment subject to former section 22a-174-2 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies shall emit no more than the following particulate matter levels: (A) 0 .14 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input ifthe fuel burned is residual oil (No

. 4 or No

. 6oil) ; (B) 0 .12 pounds of particulate matter per million BTUof heat input ifthe fuel burned is distillate oil (No

. 2 oil) ; (C) 0 .10pounds of particulate matter per million BTUofheat input if the fuel burned is natural gas; orEFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 5 (D) 0 .20pounds ofparticulate matter per million BTUofheat input for any other fuel burned

. (3) Notwithstanding subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection and except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, the owner or operator ofa stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine with a maximum continuous brake horsepower output rating, as specified by the manufacturer, greater than or equal to 175 brake horsepower (bhp), shall emit no more than: (A) 0 .10pounds ofparticulate matter per million BTU of heat input or combust only fuel with a sulfur content less than or equal to 0 .05%by weight, if the stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine was manufactured prior to or in model year 1996; or

(f) (B) 0

.10pounds of particulate matter per million BTUof heat input if the stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine was manufactured after model year 1996

. Process industries -- general

. (1) For the purposes ofthis subsection, the provisions ofsubparagraphs (A) through (D) shall apply: (A) "Process weight" means the total weight, in pounds, ofall materials introduced

into any specific process that may cause the emission ofparticulate matter, including solid fuels used in such process for purposes otherthan combustion and excluding combustion air, and liquid fuels, solid fuels and gaseous fuels burned; (B) "Process weight rate" means the process weight for any specific process measured over a one (1) hour time period; (C) The process weight rate of a cyclical or batch operation is derived by dividing the process weight by the number ofhours in one complete operation ofthe process, excluding any time during which the equipment is idle; and (D) The process weight rate ofa continuous operation is derived by dividing the process weight for a time period of operation by the length of that period oftime

. (2) Except as provided in subsection (g) ofthis section, no owner or operator ofa process industry source shall cause or allowthe emission ofparticulate matter to the ambient air in any one hour fromsuch source in excess of the emission rate calculated as required by subdivisions (3) and (4) of this subsection

. (3) To mathematically interpolate from Table 18-1 process weight rates up to and including sixty thousand pounds perhour (60,000lbslhr), the following equation shall be used:EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 6
Log E = Log 3.59 +0

.62x Log p

2000)
where: P = Process weight rate in pounds per hour E = Maximum

allowable emission rate in pounds per hour Log = The natural logarithmofthe indicated value (4) To mathematically interpolate and extrapolate from Table 18-1 process weight rates in excess ofsixty thousand pounds per hour (60,000lbs/hr), the following equation shall be used:

LogE = Log 17.31 +0

.16x Log p

2000) where: P = Process weight rate in pounds per hour E = Maximum

allowable emission rate in pounds per hour Log = The natural logarithmof the indicated value (5) To determine compliance with therequirements ofthis subsection, an interpretation resulting in the lowest allowable emissionrate shall apply ifthe nature of any process or operation, or the design of any process unit, allows multiple interpretations

. (6) To determine the maximum allowable emission rate in accordance with this subsection for emissions that pass through a stack or stacks at a premises containing several similar process units, the total process weight shall include all such similar process units

. (7) To determine the maximum allowable emission in accordance with this subsection for a premises utilizing a series ofoperations that employ combinations of machines or other devices to process material, either continuously or in batches, the total process weight for such premises shall be the weight ofall materials that may cause particulate matter emissions and are introduced into the series ofoperations, excluding all material that is the desired end product of any such series of operations

. Table 18-1

. Interpolation/extrapolation table for determining particulate matter emission

Process weight rate (pounds per hour) Emission rate (pounds per hour) 50 0 .36 100 0 .55 500 1 .53 1,000 2.25 5,000 6 .34 10,000 9.73 rates and p

rocess wei ght rates for p rocess industries -- g

eneral

.EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 7

20,000 14.99 60,000 29.60 80,000 31 .19 120,000 33.28 160,000 34.85 200,000 36.11 400,000 40.35 1,000,000 46.72 (g) Process industries -- specific

. (1) Iron foundry cupola

. For the purposes ofthis subdivision, "iron foundry cupola" means a furnace used in the iron foundry industry that uses coke, a derivative ofcoal, as fuel

. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation of any iron foundry cupola unless : (A) Particulate matter control measures and/or control equipment remove at least ninety percent (90%) by weight ofall particulate matter in the cupola discharge gases, or particulate matter emissions are less than or equal to 1 .7 pounds of particulate matter per ton of iron produced, whichever practice or combination of practices results in the lowest particulate matter emissions; and (B) Gases, vapors and gas-entrained effluents from such cupolas are incinerated at a minimum

temperature of one thousand three hundred (1300) degrees Fahrenheit for a period of not less than three-tenths (0.3) of a second

. (2) Hot mix asphalt plant

. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation of any hot mix asphalt plant unless: (A) Particulate matter emissions are less than 0 .10pounds of particulate matter per ton ofasphalt produced; and (B) The operation conforms to the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this section

. (3) Foundry sand process
. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation ofa foundry sand process unless : (A) Particulate matter control measures and/or control equipment remove at least ninety percent (90%) ofall airborne particulate matter from such process, or particulate matter emissions are less than 0 .75 pounds ofparticulate matter per tonEFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 $
of material cast, whichever practice or combination of practices results in the lowest particulate matter emissions; and (B) The operation conforms to the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this section

. (4) Concrete batching process
. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation ofa concrete batching process unless : (A) Particulate matter control measures and/or control equipment remove at least ninety percent (90%) ofall airborne particulate matter or 0 .02 pounds of particulate matter per cubic yard of concrete, whichever practice or combination ofpractices results in the lowest particulate matter emissions; and (B) The operation conforms to the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this section

. (h) Control technology determinations

. To implement a control technology determination made by the commissioner, the commissioner may modify or revise a permit or issue an order to the owneror operator of a stationary source for which construction or majormodification commenced afterJune 1, 1972 that requires more stringentemissions limitations than those set forth in subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section ifsuch control technology determination does not result in a violation of the applicable provisions of 40 CFR52, 60, 61, 62 or 63

. (i) Hazardous air pollutants

. Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve an owner or operator fromcomplying with all emissions limitations for hazardous air pollutants, hazardous materials or other hazardous substances

. (j) Excepted activities

. (1) The owneror operator ofa stationary source shall notbe subject to the visible emissions standards ofsubdivision (b)(2) ofthis section for measurements ofopacity using opacity CEM equipment during a period ofstartup, shutdown or malfunction; commissioner-approved stack testing; or intentional sootblowing, fuel switching or sudden load changing done in accordance with good engineering practices provided that: (A) The owner or operator is required by permit, order or regulation to install, operate and maintain opacity CEM equipment at such stationary source, and the owner or operator is in compliance with such permit, order or regulation with regard to such opacity CEM

equipment

. If a stationary source is not subject to a permit, order or regulation requiring operation and maintenance of opacity CEMEFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 9 equipment, an owner or operator may certify on a formacceptable to the commissioner that: (i) The owner or operator ofsuch stationary source has installed opacity CEM equipment that meets the applicable criteria of40 CFR60, Appendices Band F, and (ii) The owner or operator operates and maintains such installed opacity CEM equipment in compliance with therequirements of 40CFR60, Appendices Band F; (B) The period ofexception fromthe visible emissions standards ofsubdivision (b)(2) ofthis section does not exceed one-half of one percent (0.5°l0) of the total operating hours ofsuch stationary source during any calendar quarter; and (C) The owner or operator of the stationary source does not cause or allow visible emissions in excess ofsixtypercent (60%) opacity during any six-minute block average ofthe period ofexception fromthe visible emissions standards of subsection (b)(2) ofthis section

. (2) The owner or operator ofan emissions unit that is subjectto avisible emissions standard pursuant to a new

source performance standard set forth in 40 CFR60shall not be subject to the visible emissions standards of subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section

. (3) Except for the use ofopen-bodied trucks and trailers subject to the requirements of subsection (c)(1)(D) ofthis section, a person engaged in agricultural operations shall be exempt fromthe requirements ofsubsection (c)(1) ofthis section provided such operations follow generally accepted agricultural practices and are in compliance with section 19a-341 ofthe Connecticut General Statutes

. (4) The owner or operator of any of the following sources shall be exempt fromthe requirements ofsubsection (b)(3) ofthis section: (A) An antique mobile source over thirty years old ; (B) Amobile source used exclusively for racing; (C) Amobile source while it is undergoing amechanical repair or testing that affects the emission ofvisible air pollutants fromsuch source; (D) An aircraft; (E) A locomotive operating on rails; (F) Avessel operating on water; and (G) Commonly used residential lawn, garden and snow removal equipment

.EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 10

(5) The operation ofequipment to generate smoke or fogby anybranch of the United States military or any other federal or state agency shall be exempt fromthe requirements of subsections (b) and (e) of this section provided such operation is limited to training exercises or the preparation thereof

. (6) The owner or operator of any stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine that is an emergency engine, as defined in subsection (a)(2) of section 22a-174-22 ofthe Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies and has a maximumcontinuous brake horsepower output rating, as specified by the manufacturer, greater than or equal to 175 bhp shall not be subject to the particulate matter emissions standards of subsection (e) of this section

. (7) The owner or operator ofa stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine with a maximum

continuous brake horsepower output rating, as specified by the manufacturer, ofless than 175bhpshall notbe subject to the requirements ofsubsection (e) of this section

. (8) The requirements ofsubsections (e), (f) and (g) of this section shall not apply to the owner or operator of a source subject to more stringent BACT requirements, provided that the source is operated in compliance with a BACT determination

. (9) A person conducting open burning pursuant to section 22a-174(f) of the Connecticut General Statutes or regulations adopted thereunder shall not be subject to the requirements of this section

. (10) Ifthe owner or operator of a source possesses documentation demonstrating that the presence of uncombined water, such as water vapor, is the only reason forthe failure ofan emission to complywith the requirements ofthis section, then the provisions ofthis section shall not apply to that emission

. (11) The owner or operator of a municipal waste combustor as defined in section 22a-174-38 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies shall be exempt fromthe requirements ofthis section

.

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