SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

713 

KA 11-01385 

PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., FAHEY, CARNI, VALENTINO, AND WHALEN, JJ. 

 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT, 

V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

TYROME ELDER, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

 

DAVID J. FARRUGIA, PUBLIC DEFENDER, LOCKPORT (JOSEPH G. FRAZIER OF

COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. 

MICHAEL J. VIOLANTE, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, LOCKPORT (LAURA T. BITTNER OF

COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT. 

 

Appeal from a judgment of the Niagara County Court (Matthew J.

Murphy, III, J.), rendered June 21, 2011. The judgment convicted

defendant, upon a jury verdict, of murder in the second degree,

attempted robbery in the first degree (two counts), criminal

possession of a weapon in the second degree and criminal use of a

firearm in the second degree. 

It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is

unanimously affirmed. 

Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him

upon a jury verdict of murder in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.25

[3]), criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (§ 265.03

[3]), criminal use of a firearm in the second degree (§ 265.08 [2]),

and two counts of attempted robbery in the first degree (§§ 110.00,

160.15 [3], [4]). Defendant failed to preserve for our review his

contention that County Court erred in failing to charge the jury that

a prosecution witness was an accomplice to certain of the crimes as a

matter of law and that his testimony therefore required corroboration

(see People v Taylor, 57 AD3d 1518, 1518, lv denied 12 NY3d 822;

People v Smith-Merced, 50 AD3d 259, 259, lv denied 10 NY3d 939). In

any event, even assuming, arguendo, that the prosecution witness was

an accomplice as a matter of law, we conclude that his testimony was

sufficiently corroborated by, inter alia, defendant’s admissions to

another individual who was not involved in the crimes (see People v

Taylor, 87 AD3d 1330, 1331, lv denied 17 NY3d 956). We likewise

reject defendant’s further contention that he was denied effective

assistance of counsel based on his attorney’s failure to request that

charge, inasmuch as it is well settled that an attorney’s “failure to

‘make a motion or argument that has little or no chance of success’ ”

does not amount to ineffective assistance (People v Caban, 5 NY3d 143,

152).
-2- 713 

KA 11-01385 

We also reject defendant’s contention that the court erred in

admitting as a dying declaration exception to the hearsay rule the

testimony of a prosecution witness that, after being shot in the inner

thigh, the victim stated, “I got robbed” and “I got shot.” The People

presented evidence establishing that, when the witness arrived at the

scene, the victim was bleeding heavily from a femoral artery wound,

his clothes were soaked in blood from the waist down, and he was

inhaling and exhaling very hard. The victim stated to the witness,

“I’m gonna die, I’m gonna die”; he then became totally unresponsive

and, shortly thereafter, he died. Thus, we conclude that the court

properly determined that the victim’s statements were made with “a

sense of impending death, with no hope of recovery” (People v Nieves,

67 NY2d 125, 132; see also People v Walsh, 222 AD2d 735, 737, lv

denied 88 NY2d 855). 

We reject the further contention of defendant that his admissions

to other individuals were not sufficiently corroborated (see CPL

60.50; People v Smielecki, 77 AD3d 1420, 1421-1422, lv denied 15 NY3d

956). The testimony of the Medical Examiner that the victim died from

a gunshot wound and the victim’s statements that he was “shot” and

“robbed” satisfy the minimal corroboration requirement of CPL 60.50

that some “additional proof that the offense[s] charged [have] been

committed” be presented (see People v Lipsky, 57 NY2d 560, 571, rearg

denied 58 NY2d 824; Smielecki, 77 AD3d at 1422).

Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that

the evidence is legally insufficient to support the conviction of

criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree inasmuch as his

motion for a trial order of dismissal was not “ ‘specifically

directed’ at the alleged error[s]” asserted on appeal (People v Gray,

86 NY2d 10, 19). We reject defendant’s contention that the evidence

is legally insufficient to support the conviction of the remaining

crimes inasmuch as there is a “valid line of reasoning and permissible

inferences” to lead reasonable persons to the conclusion reached by

the jury based on the evidence presented at trial (People v Bleakley,

69 NY2d 490, 495). Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of

the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342,

349), and giving the appropriate deference to the jury’s credibility

determinations (see People v Hill, 74 AD3d 1782, 1782-1783, lv denied

15 NY3d 805), we reject defendant’s further contention that the

verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see generally Bleakley,

69 NY2d at 495). 

Finally, we have examined defendant’s remaining contention and

conclude that it lacks merit.

Entered: July 5, 2013 Frances E. Cafarell

Clerk of the Court