DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

WATER-SUPPLY 

AND 

IRRIGATION PAPERS 

OF Till£ 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

No. 44 

PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES,-GANNETT 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1901 
• 

IRRIGATION REPORTS. 

The following list contains titles and brief descriptions of the principal reports 

relating to water supply and irrigation prepared by the United ~tates Geological 

Survey since 1890: 

1890. 

First Annual Report of the United States Irrigation Survey, 1890; octavo, 123 pp. 

Printed sa Part II, Irrigation, of the Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89. Contains a statement of the origin of the Irrigation Survey, a preliminary reJ?ort on the organization and prosecution of the survey of the arid lands for purposes of irrigatiOn, and a report of work done during 1890. 

1891. 

Second Annual Report of the United States Irrigation Survey, 1891; octavo, 395 pp. 

Published as Part II, Irrigation, of the Eleventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1889-90. Contains a description of the hydrography of the arid region and of the engi- neering operations carried on by the Irrigation Survey during 1890, the statement of the 

Director of the Survey to the House Committee on Irrigation, and other papers, including a bibliography of irrigatiOn literature. Illustrated by 29 plates and 4 figures. 

Third Annual Report of the United States Irrigation Survey, 1891; octavo, 576 pp. 

Printed as Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890--91. Contains "Re,Port upon the location and survey of reservoir site~ during the fiscal year ended 

June 30, 1891,' by A. H. Thompson; "Hydrography of the arid regions," by F. H. Newell; "Irrigation In India," by Herbert M. Wilson. Illustrated by 93 plates and 190 figures. 

Bulletins of the Eleventh Census of the United States upon irrigation, prepared by 

F. H. Newell; quarto. 

No. 35, Irrigation in Arizona; No. 60, Irrigation in New Mexico; No. 85, Irrigation in Utah; No. 107, Irrigation in Wyoming; No. 153, Irrigation in Montana; 

No. 157, Irrigation in Idaho; No. 163, Irri~~:ation in Nevada; No. 178, Irrigation in 

Oregon; No. 193, Artesian wells for irrigation; No. 198, Irrigation in Washington. 

1892. 

Irrigation of western United States, by F. H. Newell; extra census bulletin No. 23, 

September 9, 1892; quarto, 22 pp. 

Contains tabulations showing the total number, average size, etc., of Irrigated holding•, the 

total area and average size of irrigated farms in the sub humid regions, the percentage of num- ber of farms irrigated, character of crops, value of irrigated lands, the average cost of irrigation, the investment and profits, together w1th a resume of the water •upply and a description of Irriga- tion by artesian wells. Illustrated by colored maps, showing the location and relative extent of 

the irrigated areM. 

1893. 

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 18Vl-92, Part III, 

Irrigation, 1893; octavo, 486 pp. 

Consists of three papers: "Water supply for irrigation," by F. H. Newell; "American irrigation engineering" and "Engineering results of the Irrigation Survey," by Herbert M. Wilson; "Construction of topographic maps nnd selection and survey of reservoir sites," by A. H. Thompson. Illustrated by 77 plates and 119 figures. 

A geological reconnoissance in central Washington, by Israel Cook Russell, 1893; 

octavo, 108 pp., 15 plates. Bulletin No.108 of the United States Geological 

Survey; price, 15 cents. 

Contains a description of the examination of the geologic structure in and adjacent to the 

drainage basin of Yakima River and the great plains of the Columbia to the cast of this area, with special tefer"nce to the occurrence of artesian waters. 

1894. 

Report on agriculture by irrigation in the western part of the United States at the 

Eleventh Census, 1890, by F. H. Newell, 1894; quarto, 283 pp. 

Consists of a general degcription of the condition of lrris:ation iu the United States, the area irrigated cost of works, their value and profits; also descnbes the water supply, the value of 

water, of artesian wells, reservoirs, and other details; then takes up each State and Territory in 

order. giving a general description of the condition of agriculture by irrigation, and discusses 

the physical conditions and local peculiarities in each county. 

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, in two 

parts; Part II, Accompanying papers, 1894; octavo, 597 pp. 

Contains papers on "Potable waters of the eastern United States," by W J McGee; "Natural 

mineral waters of the United States," by A. C. Peale; "Results of stream measurements," by F. H. Newell. Illustrafud by maps and diagrams. 

IRR44 (Continued on third page of cover.) 
DHPARTMEN1~ OF THE INTERIOR 

WATER-SUPPLY -

AND 

IRRIGATION PAPERS 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

No. 44 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1901 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 

PROFILES OF RIVERS 

IN THE 

UNITED. STATES 

BY 

HENRY GANNETT 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1901 

CONTENTS. 

Page. 

General discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

St. Croix River ... ___ . _ . _ . _____ . _ 8 

Penobscot River_ .. __________ ... _ 9 

Kennebec River. ___ . ____ ~ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 

Androscoggin River ____ ~ ... __ . _ _ 10 

Saco River ........ __ ...... ~ .... _ 10 

Merrimac River ... _____ . ____ .. _ _ 11 

Contoocook River __ . _ . ______ ... _ 11 

Connecticut River _____ . _ . _. _ _ _ _ _ 12 

Housatonic River ______ . _ .. _ .... _ 13 

Hudson River. _ .... _ . _ ... ___ .... 14 

Mohawk River. ___ ._ .. : ........ _ 15 

Passaic River_ ... _____ . ___ .. _ ... _ 15 

Delaware River ___ ... ____ .. ______ 15 

Lehigh River __ ...... _______ ._ .. _ 16 

Schuylkill River---------------- 17 

Susquehanna River. _ .. ____ .. _ _ _ _ 17 

West Branch of Susquehanna River 19 

Juniata River .•......... _ ... _. _ _ 19 

Potomac River ........ __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 

South Branch of Potomac River . _ 21 

Shenandoah River-------------- 21 

North Fork of Shenandoah River. 22 

James River ___ ....... _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 

Appomattox River. ___ .. _ . _ .. ___ . 23 

Roanoke River. _____ .. _ ... _____ . 23 

Dan River ... _____ ..... _____ .. _ _ 24 

Cape Fear River. ____ ... _ ... ___ . . 25 

Great Pedee River ______ .. _ .. _ _ _ _ 25 

Santee River .... __ ... _____ . _ . _ _ _ 26 

Congaree River ___ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

Saluda River .. __ . _ ..... _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

Broad River.._ .. __ ._. ___ ._. ____ . 27 

Savannah River_________________ 27 

Oconee River .... __ ._. __ . __ .. __ . _ 29 

Apalachicola and Chattahoochee._ 30 

Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers __ .. _ _ 30 

Etowah River._ ....... _ .... _. _. _ 31 

Oostanaula and Coosa wattee rivers. 32 

Black Warrior River ....... ____ ~ _ 32 

Tallapoosa River_ .... _ ..... ______ 32 

Trinity River __ . _____ ...... ___ ... 33 

Brazos River and Clear Fork._ . _ . 33 

Colorado River ............. ____ _ Llano River._ ... ______________ ._ 

San Saba River._ .. ____ . ___ . ____ _ 

Concho River _____ . ____________ _ 

Nueces River. __________________ _ 

Rio Grande ____________________ _ 

Pecos River .. ____________ . _____ . 

Mississippi River. __ ~ __________ ._ 

Ohio River ...... ________ • ______ _ 

Allegheny River _______ . ________ _ 

Clarion River ... _____ . ______ .... 

Rough River ... c ________ • __ •• _ • _ 

Big Sandy River __ . ______ . ______ • 

Louisa Fork .... _______________ ._ 

Tug Fork ....... __________ .. _ .. . 

Guyandot River .. ______ .... _ ... _ 

Kana.wha and New rivers. ______ _ 

Gauley River ........... ___ . ____ _ 

Greenbrier River .... · .. ____ . ____ _ 

Little Kanawha River ________ . __ 

Tennessee River ...... _________ .. 

Sequatchie River ... __ . _________ _ 

Hiwassee River ___ .... ________ . __ 

Little Tennessee River_._ ... __ .. _ 

Nantahala River .. _ ... _ . ___ .. ___ _ 

Tuckaseegee River ______ . _____ . __ 

French Broad River ________ . ___ _ 

Big Pigeon River __________ . ____ _ 

Nolichucky River. ___ . __________ _ 

Holston River_ ...... _ . _ . _ ... ___ _ 

South Fork of Holston River ____ _ 

North Fork of Holston River_._ .. 

Middle Fork of Holston River._. _ Powell River __ . _____ . __________ _ 

Clinch River ________ .. _ .. __ .... _ 

Cumberland River __ . __ ._._ ... _ .. 

Kentucky River_ .......... ___ .. . 

Middle Fork of Kentucky River_. 

North Fork of Kentucky River .. . 

South Fork of Kentucky River .. . 

Wabash River ..••••••.•......... Eel River . __ . _ ..... ____________ _ 

Muskingum River •.... __ ... ____ . 

5 

Page. 

34 

35 

35 

35 

35 

36 

37 

38 

41 

44 

44 

45 

45 

45 

46 

46 

46 

48 

48 

49 

49 

51 

51 

51 

52 

52 

52 

53 

53 

54 

54 

54 

55 

55 

55 

55 

57 

58 

58 

58 

58 

59 

59 
6 

Miami River •........••......... Illinois River •... __ ... __________ _ 

Rock River ______ . _____________ _ 

Red River __ .. __________________ _ 

Ouachita River. ________________ _ 

Arkansas River_. _______________ _ 

Canadian River _________________ _ 

Neosho River __________________ _ 

Verdigris River _________________ _ 

White River . _ .. _______________ _ 

St. Francis River ________________ _ 

Meramec River _________________ _ 

Missouri River __ . _____________ _ 

Jefferson River ___________ . ___ . __ 

Bighole River . _________ . _______ _ 

Beaverhead River ______ . ____ . __ _ 

Madison River _________ .. ______ _ 

Gallatin River _____ . ___________ . _ 

Osage River _________ . ____ . __ .. __ 

Kansas River ___________________ _ 

Republican River _. _________ .. _ . 

Platte River _______ .. ________ .. __ 

NorthPlatteRiver -------------- South Platte River _____________ _ 

Yellowstone River ______________ _ 

Mjlk River __ . _ . _ . - _____ .. ______ . 

James River _______________ . ____ _ 

Des Moines River _____ .. _______ . _ 

Iowa River_ . ___________________ _ 

Skunk River ______ . _______ . ____ _ 

Minnesota River ________________ _ 

Red River ____ . _______ . _- __ . ____ _ 

CONTENTS. 

Page. 

60 

60 

61 

61 

62 

63 

65 

66 

67 

67 

68 

68 

68 

70 

70 

71 

71 

71 

72 

Colorado River ... ___ . __ . _______ _ 

Little Colorado River ________ . __ _ 

San Juan River _________________ _ 

Rio Mancos _ .. __ . _ . ____________ _ 

La Plata River _________________ _ 

Animas River __________________ _ 

Los Pinos River ___ . _. __ ... ______ _ 

Grand River ______________ . ____ _ 

Rio Dolores ___ .. __ . ____________ _ 

Gunnison River ________________ _ 

Uncompahgre River ____________ _ 

Lake Fork of Gunnison River ___ _ Roaring Fork . _________________ _ 

Eagle River ___ . _____ . __________ _ 

Sevier River __ . _. ______________ _ 

Bear River _______ . _____________ _ 

Humboldt River _______________ _ 

Sacramento River---------------

Pit River : _. ___________________ _ 

72 Feather River. ________ .. _______ . 

73 Yuba River _____ --. __ ._- _______ _ 

74 American River ________________ _ 

75 Cosumnes River _____ . __________ _ 

75 Mokelumne River - _____________ _ 

76 Calaveras River _____ .. _ . _______ . 

77 Stanislaus River _____________ . __ _ 

78 1 Tuolumne River ________________ _ 

78 Klamath River ___ . ___ . _________ _ 

79 Columbia River __ . _. ___________ _ 

79 Willamette River _______________ _ 

79 Flathead River _________ - _______ _ 

80 1 Snake River _____ -- ____ - - ____ -- _. 

ILL US T R A T·I 0 N S. 

Page. 

81 

83 

83 

84 

85 

85 

85 

86 

86 

87 

87 

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99 

Page. 

PLATE I. Map of the United States __________ - - - --- -- - --- ••• ------ --.-- --- 7 

II-XL Profiles of rivers •.• __________ - -. - --.. -- --. --- • -- ---• -• -•. --- --- 100 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. WATER -S UPPLY PAPER N~ 44 PL. I 
PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

By HENRY GANNETT. 

GENERAL DISCUSSION. 

The profiles here represented are derived from various sources and 

differ from one another greatly in accuracy. Many of them are drawn 

from the annual reports of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., under 

which are included the reports of the Mississippi and J¥lissouri Riv~r 

commissions. The heights thus obtained are those of the :revel of 

water in the rivers at certain stages, and may be regarded as of 

great accuracy. Others have been obtained from railroad profiles, 

being the level of the rivers at points where the railroads touch or 

cross them. Still others have been taken from the atlas sheets of the 

United States Geological Survey and from other maps. In most 

such cases the points at which the contours cross the rivers upon the 

maps have been taken. These again differ in point of accuracy with 

the means adopted for the location of the contours. Where the spirit 

level was u'3ed in locating contours it may be assumed that the determinations are fairly good, but where the barometer was used the 

probable error may be of considerable magnitude. Such elevations 

are, however, mainly in the mountainous parts of the country, where 

the fall of the streams is great, and where, therefore, errors of considerable magnitude may be tolerated, as affecting but little the form 

of the profile. 

The rivers whose profiles are presented in the following pages t=tre 

indicated upon the map which forms Pl. I. The profiles are given in 

figures, showing the distance between points, the height at each point, 

and the average fall per mile between points. They are also represented graphically upon Pis. II to XI, inclusive. All these profiles 

are represented upon the same horizontal and vertical scales, the former being 100 miles to an inch and the latter 2,000 feet to an inch. 

This relation between the scales, which scarcely suffices to show any 

slope in the Lower Mississippi, gives the appearance to many other 

streams of exceeding steepness, as in the case of those flowing out of 

the Sierra Nevada. Still it was judged best, after much consideration, 

to use uniform scales throughout, in order that comparisons between 

different rivers might be made directly. 

7 
8 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITEU STATES. [No. 44. 

ST. CROIX RIVER. 

The drainage basin of this river is in eastern Maine, a portion of it 

projecting over into New Brunswick. Its area is 1,674 square miles. 

Its surface is undulating and hilly, but not mountainous, and is, in the 

main, densely forested. 

At a distance of 20 miles from its mouth the river forks, the main 

branch, known as the Kennebasis, coming down from the north. It 

is of this branch that the profile is given. The other branch, known 

as the Chiputneticook, comes from the west. 

To illustrate the lacustrine character of this stream it may be stated . 

that there are within its drainage basin, and tributary to it, no fewer 

than 27lakes, ranging in size from three-quarters of a square mile up 

to 27 square miles, and with a total area of 134 square miles. 

Upon the river and its northern tributary there are many falls and 

rapids, only a few of which have been utilized. 

The profile shows great and recent disturbances, changing it materially from the normal profile which it must have presented at the 

opening of the Glacial epoch. 

The fi~ures are from Wells's Water Power of Maine.· 

~- I 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Upper bridge, Milltown, mouth ........ ____ 0 0 ................ Baring bridge __________________ . _______ .. _ 51- 86 .. -- ........... 

Foot of Sprague falls .... -.... ----- . -- ........ -.. --- .. lOt 93 9 

Head of Sprague falls . _____ ......... _ .. _ . __ 10! 118 50 

Hel'!-d of Enoch rips--------········· ______ 11!- 128 ........ ---- Pitch of Lower Grand falls. __ .. __ ._ ... __ . __ 19!- 145 3 

Head of Upper Grand falls .. __ .. _____ ... _ .. 19! 165 40 

Foot of Grand Chiputneticook falls .... ____ . 22 169 2 

Head of Grand Chiputneticook falls . ____ . _. 22! 190 28 

Foot of Canoose rips .. ____ .. __ . _ .. _. ______ . 30 200 1 

Head of Canoose rips __ ... -- ...... -- ............. --- 30! 211 22 

Foot of Haycock rips_. __ .. _._. __ . ___ .. __ .. 33!- 212 - .. -..... -..... 

Head of Haycock rips . _. _ .. _ . _ ........ __ . _ 33! 218 12 

Foot of Meeting-house rips. ____ . __ . ___ . ___ . 34! 218 -......... ---- Head of Meeting-house rips. ____ . _______ ._. 35! 226 8 

Foot of Rocky rips ___________ . ____________ 36! 227 ..... ------ Head of Rocky rips _________________ . ____ . 39! 252 8 

Foot of Mile rips _____ . ___ . ____________ . __ . 50 353 -----........ 

Head of Mile rips ___ . ____ ... _ .. __ ... _ . __ .. 51 358 5 

Foot of Kill-me-quick rips . ____ ... _. ______ . 54 372 5 

Head of Kill-me-quick rips ___ .. _ .......... 54! 382 20 

Head of Chiputneticook Lake __ ....... __ . _. 74! 382 -------- Stream into Mud Lake_._. __ . __ ......... _ .. 76!- 426 22 

Head of Mud Lake ________________________ 80! 426 --------
GANNETT.) PENOBSCOT AND KENNEBEC RIVERS. 9 

PENOBSCOT RIVER. 

This, the largest river in the ·State, has a drainage area of 8, 934 

square miles, its greatest length being 160 miles, and its greatest 

breadth 115 miles. Its surface is hilly or ,undulating, in the main 

forest-clad and full of lakes; indeed, within its basin 185 lakes and 

ponds have been counted, having a total area o-f 395 square miles. 

The course o-f the river is crooked; indeed, in its upper part it has 

apparently no definite direction, flowing through lakes and swamps. 

It meets tide at Vinal Mills, 39 miles above its mouth. Its profile is 

equally irregular, consisting o-f level reaches, rapids, and :falls. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ..................................... -----·-----------·---- 0 0 -------- Bangor ...............................•.... 27 0 -------- Head of falls, Vinal Mills .................. 39 92 7. 7 

Mouth of Mattawamkeag River ............ 84 190 2.2 

~cook Lake ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 120 900 19.7 

I 

bscot Lake ........••.........•....... 200 1,509 7.6 

KENNEBEC RIVER. 

This river has its source in Moosehead Lake, from which it flows hi 

a generally southward direction to its mouth below Bath. It m-eets 

tide at Augusta, 26 miles above Merrymeeting Bay, and about 40 miles 

above its mouth. Its drainage area, excluding Androscoggin River, is 

6,400 square miles, most o-f which, and especially the northern part, 

is densely forested. It is in a lacustrine region containing hundreds 

o-f lakes and ponds, most o-f which are small in area. The profile is 

from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

~-- Distance Height from Fall per Locality. Merrymeet- above mile. 

ing Bay. sea. 

I 

---

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Merrymeeting Bay ..... _ ... ______________ . 0 0 -------- Augusta, head of tide _______ - - _ -- - - - - - - - - - 26 0 -------- Head of Kendall Mills rip ________________ . 48 91 4.1 

Norridgewock .. ----..... --- ... - -... -- ...... --- ------ ... 66 138 2.6 

Dam at Madison bridge ____________________ 79 236 7.5 

~of Caratunk falls .•..•...•.••.. _ ..... 90 316 7.3 

ehead Lake ___ . _______ . ____________ ._ 138 1,023 14.7 
10 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER. 

This river heads in the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, and 

flows in a generally eastward and southeastward direction, joining the 

Kennebec in Merrymeeting Bay. Its drainage basin presents the same 

characteristics as those of the Penobscot and Kennebec, varied by the 

fact that its sources are in a mountain region and at a considerable 

elevation. It has the same forest-clad, lacustrine character. The river 

contains numerous falls, many of which, especially at Lewiston, have 

been greatly utilized. The total area drained measures 3,698 square 

miles, of which three-fourths lie in Maine and the remainder in New 

Hampshire. The profile is from the census report on W ate:.; Power, 

1880. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth, Merrymeeting Bay_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 

Head of Rumford falls ___________________ • 75 

Bethel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 

State line_________________________________ 114 

Head of Berlin falls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 

Head of river proper______________________ 160 

j =~rrn~cheneLake_________________________ 186 

~loway Lake------------------------- 199 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

600 

620 

690 

1,048 

1,256 

1,600 

2,225 

SACO RIVER, MAINE AND NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

8.0 

0.8 

5.0 

25.6 

6.5 

13.2 

48. 1 

This stream heads in eastern New Hampshire and flows east and 

southeast to its mouth, near Saco and Biddeford. Its drainage basin, 

having an area of 1, 750 square miles, half of which is in Maine and 

half in New Hampshire, is quite similar in its characteristics to the 

basins of the other rivers of these States. Its head is in the southern 

part of the White Mountains, and it flows thence through the low 

country in Maine. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

Distance Height I · Locality. from above F~h~~r mouth. sea. 

j----------------------------------ll--------l--------l------ 1 

Mouth __________________________________ _ 

Mouth of Ossipee River ___________________ _ 

Foot of Great falls. _______________________ . 

Head of Great falls _______________________ _ 

Conway Center __________________________ • 

I 

Mouth Ellis River_ . _. _. __ . _______________ . 

West boundary of Bartlett ________ . _______ _ 

/ Head_ . _. ______ .. __ . _ .. __ . ___ ...• ____ . ___ _ 

Miles. 

0 

40 

45 

45 

73 

83 

92 

104 

Feet. Feet. 

0 

266 6. 7 

271 1.0 

343 

412 2.5 

511 9.9 

745 26.0 

1,880 94.6 
GANNETT.) MERRIMAC AND CONTOOCOOK RIVERS. 11 

MERRIMAC RIVER. 

This little stream, which probably turns more spindles than any 

other stream of the United States, heads in the central part of New 

Hampshire, and flows in a direction a little east of south into northeastern Massachusetts, which it traverses in a northeast course to 

its mouth, at Newburyport. Its drainage basin is 4,864 square miles. 

The upper portion id a forest-clad, lacustrine region, but it soon ent(/rs 

a country which is densely settled and has been largely cleared of 

forests. Everywhere, however, it abounds in lakes and ponds. Its 

profile shows the irregularities which are so characteristic of the 

streams of New England, consisting of a succession of still reaches 

alternating with falls and rapids. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ___________ . . _ . _ :: __ . ___ .. ___ .... _ . _ 0 0 ....... -.. --- Mitchell falls ----------------------------- 22 0 ----·--- Foot of locks at Lawrence. _________________ 27 10 2.0 

Top of Lawrence dam .. -- .• __ --- ___ . ___ ._ .. 28 39 29.0 

Foot of Hunt falls --.. ----- ........... -- .. -- ...... -...... -. 37 42 0.3 

Head of Hunt falls ..••...... _. __ . ____ .... _ 38 53 11.0 

Top of Pawtucket dam, Lowell. ____ .. _ .. ___ 40 87 17.0 

State line ___ . _ . ____ . ___ . __________________ 49 90 0.3 

Mouth of Nashua River ___________ ._. ______ 53 93 0.8 

Foot of Cromwell falls ............................................. 57 93 0.0 

Foot of Goff falls ..................................................... 64 112 2. 7 

Head of Goff falls. __ . _____________________ 65 117 5.0 

Manchester, below falls. _________________ ._ 68 126 3.0 

Top of Manchester dam. ___________________ 69 178 52.0 

Hooksett, below falls __________ . ___________ 78 181 0.3 

Hooksett, top of dam .. ____________________ 79 197 16.0 

Foot of Garvin falls .................................................. 83 199 0.5 

Head of Garvin falls -............... -... -- ............... -.. -...... -- 83 227 28.0 

Foot of Sewell falls ..................................................... 93 ' 229 0.2 

Head of Sewall falls ............................................. 95 248 9.5 

~ of Contoocook River .........•.•.... 96 249 2J klin, head of river. ___________ . _______ 110 269 4 

CONTOOCOOK RIVER. 

This is a branch of Merrimac River in New Hampshire. It heads 

in the southwestern part of the State, near the Massachusetts line, and 

flows northeastward to its connection with the parent stream. It has 

a rapid fall, supplying many water powers. 

I 
12 PROFILES Ol!' RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

The profile is :from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

I 

Miles. I Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ________ ... ________________________ 0 249 -------- Just above Contoocook ______ ...... ________ 11 365 10.5 

Just below Henniker _____ . __ ............. _ 21 389 2.4 

Foot of Long fall . ___ . ___ . ___ ..... __ .... ___ 22 433 44.0 

Head of Long fall ________ ........ _ ........ _ 24 546 56.5 

Foot of falls at Hillsboro bridge ..... _ .... _- 27 564 6.0 

Head of falls at Hillsboro bridge ___ ...... __ 27 591 -------- Foot of falls at Bennington ... --- ................ -......... -- 36 606 1.7 

Head of falls at Bennington ___ .... _____ .. __ 37 676 70.0 

Foot of falls at North Peterboro ... _ .. __ . ___ 44 714 5.4 

Head of falls at North Peterboro _____ . _____ 44 724 

} 1. 5 Foot of falls at Peterboro _____ . ______ .... _ . 46 727 

Head of falls at Peterboro --------------·-- 46 734 

Hillsboro }35.25 county line. ____ . ______ . _________ 50 875 

Three Ponds, in Rindge . __________________ 55 1,114 47.8 

CONNECTICUT ·RIVER. 

Connecticut River heads near the boundary line between the State 

of Vermont and Canada in a series of small lakes at an altitude exceeding 2, 000 feet, flows thence in a southerly course, forming the boundary 

between Vermont and New Hampshire, and thence across Massachusetts and Connecticut to its mouth in Long Island Sound. Its total 

length is nearly 400 miles, and its fall in that distance somewhat more 

than 3,000 :feet, being an average of about 5 feet per. mile. It is tidal to 

Hartford, 50milesaboveitsmouth. The area of its basinincludes11,269 

square miles. The upper part of this is forest clad, but lower down, and 

especially throughout Massachusetts and Connecticut, the :forests have 

been largely cleared away for settlement. Throughout it is in a lacustrine region. From its head as far as central Massachusetts it has a 

narrow valley, but in southern Massachusetts and northern Connecticut the valley expands broadly, owing to the fact that it is here composed of Triassic sandstones, which are much softer than the Archean 

rocks in which its course lay above. Below Holyoke its course is 

crossed by a dike of trap which has retarded its work of eroding its 

bed, forming a partial dam, behind which the river becomes very gentle, 

sluggish, and winding, developing a broad course in its bottom land. 
GANNETT.) CONNECTICUT AND HOUSATONIC RIVERS. 13 

One of its curves is known as the Oxbow, which has been cut off, and 

has become a crescent-shaped lake, similar to those so common in the 

valley of the Lower Mississippi. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

Locality. 

Mouth ...... __ .. __ .. ________ . ___________ _ 

Hartford _________ ... __ . _ ~ __ . _____ .. ___ . __ 

Foot of Enfield rapids . ___ . __________ .. ___ _ 

Top of Enfield dam ___ .. _ .. __ .... __ .... __ . 

Top of Holyoke dam .. __ . _ . __________ . _ . __ 

Fitchburg R. R. crossing . ___ . _________ . __ _ 

Top of Turners Falls dam ... ___ .. ______ .. __ 

Mouth of Ashuelot River _________________ _ 

Westmoreland ......... _ . _ .. __ .. ______ . __ . 

Foot of Bellows falls . _ ... __ .. ___ . _ .. ___ ... 

Head of Bellows falls .. __ •.. _ . _ ... _______ . _ 

Beaver Meadows, Charlestown ____ . _ .... _ .. 

Windsor ..... ___ . _______ .... __________ .. __ 

White River Junction ... ___ . _____________ . 

Ledyard bridge, Hanover __ . _ . ___ . _______ . _ 

Oxford _. __ ... _ .. __ . _ ... __ . __ . _____ . ____ . _ 

Wells River ... ___ ..• _ ••... _. ___________ .. 

Foot of Mclndoes falls • _ ... _____ .........• 

Lower Waterford __ ..•.•. ___ ... _ ........ __ . 

Head of Fifteen-mile falls .. __ . _. _ ... _ .... __ 

North Stratford ••• _ . _ . __ .. _ .... _______ ... . 

West Stewartstown. _____ . ___ .... ____ . ___ .. 

Connecticut Lake ...... _ ....... __ ...... _ . __ 

Second Lake ..... _ . _ ... ____ .. _ . _ ... ___ . _ . _ 

Third Lake ..... __ .. _ . _ ...... __ ... _ ...... _ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

50 

60 

66 

84 

115 

120 

136 

159 

170 

170 

181 

196 

209 

·. 213 

230 

255 

262 

273 

285 

312 

344 

361 

369 

375 

HOUSATONIC RIVER. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

0 

6 

38 

98 

109 

173 

206 

219 

234 

283 

289 

304 

339 

375 

380 

407 

432 

643 

830 

885 

1,035 

1~Gl8 

1,882 

2,038 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.6 

5.3 

3.3 

0.35 

12.8 

2.1 

0.6 

1.4 

0.5 

1.0 

2. 7 

9.0 

0.3 

1.1 

3.6 

19.2 

15.6 

2.0 

4.7 

34.3 

15.5 

26.0 

This important stream heads in western Massachusetts, flows southerly down into· Connecticut, and then turns to the southeast, emptying 

into Long Island Sound near Bridgeport. It has a drainage basin of 

1,933 square miles. In its upper course itflows through a hilly country, partially cleared,· the hills gradually becoming smaller and the 

proportion of woodland less as the stream is traced southward .. 
14 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO 44. 

The profiie is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 1- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth --------------·-----------""-- ... ----- 0 0 -------· Mouth of Shepaug River ________ .......................... 30 105 3.5 

Two miles above Cornwall bridge • ________ . 64 457 10.2 

~""'alls village _______ ..... _ ..• __________ - __ - 73 622 19.4 

Ashley Falls, Mass _______________________ . 82 705 9.2 

Pittsfield _ . ___ . ___________________________ 123 983 4.3 

HUDSON RIVER. 

This river heads in Lake Tear of the Clouds, in the heart of the 

Adirondacks, at a great altitude, and comes down the south slope of 

that mountain group with a steep descent, :flowing through many ponds 

and over _many cataracts and waterfalls in its course. The profile 

rapidly :flattens as the river leaves the mountains, but in the neighborhood of- Glens Falls, near its junction with the Mohawk, it makes a 

series of abrupt drops, due to passing over hard rock beds, which furnish valuable water power. It reaches tide at Troy, 150 miles from 

its mouth. 

Its drainage area, including· Mohawk River, is 13,366 square miles. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

~--- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Mile~;. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth-------·---·----------------------- 0 0 -------- TroY------------------------------------- 150 5 0.03 

Crest of Saratoga dam .. ___ ••• ____ ••. ___ .. __ 180 102 3.2 

Fort Edward R. R. bridge •• _________ ----- __ 190 118 1.6 

Crest of Glens Falls feeder dam ____ . ___ .. __ 197 284 23. 7 

Mouth of Secondaga River---- -- - --------. -

1 

216 536 13.3 

Mouth of Stony Creek._ .. _________ ~ _______ 1 222 571 5.8 

Mouth of Schroon River. __________ . _____ . _ 228 594 3.8 

The Glen._----_ .. _______ . ____ . _____ ._ ... _ 236 720 15.7 

Mouth of Mill Creek.--------------------- 1 

240 817 24.2 

Mouth of North Creek ____________________ 248 981 20.5 

North of River village _____________________ 253 1,041 12.0 

Mouth of Boreas River ______________ . _____ 257 1,134 23.3 

Mouth of Indian River __________________ . _ 265 1,403 33.6 L;:' of Cedar River .. ____________ ------- 266 1,454 51.0 

Tear of the Glouds _________________ - - 300 4,322 84.4 
GANNETT.) MOH.A WK .AND P .ASSAIC RIVERS. 15 

MOHA. WK RIVER. 

This, the main western branch of Hudson River, flows eastward 

through a broad depression between the Adirondacks and the Helderberg Plateau. The irregularities of its profile are due mainly to its 

flowing over the edges of hard rock beds. Its principal fall is that at 

Cohoes, near its mouth. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

1- Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth ------------------~---------------- 0 

Lower aqueduct (fall nearly all at Cohoes) __ 4 

Schenectady ____________________ . ___ . __ -- - 19 

Mouth of Schoharie Creek ______ . __ . ____ .. __ 42 

Three miles east of Utica ____ . ______________ 95 

~les east of Rome _____________ ------ 112 

, above feeder darn ___________________ 115 

P A.SSA.IC RIVER. 

[From the census report on Water Power, 1880.] 

Locality. 

Mouth ________________________________ - --

Passaic _______________ . __________________ _ 

Dundee darn, crest ________________________ _ 

Paterson, below falls. _____________________ _ 

Paterson darn, crest _______________________ _ 

Little falls, darn __________________________ _ 

I Lower Chatham bridge ________ -------- ___ _ 

Near Madisomrille ________________________ _ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

29 

30 

41 

42 

47 

69 

86 

DELA. WARE RIVER. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

12 

162 

214 

270 

393 

418 

431 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

0 

22 

39 

115 

162 

168 

240 

Fall per mile. 

---

Feet. 

--------

37.5 

3.5 

2.4 

2.3 

~ 3 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

22.0 

1.5 

76.0 

9.4 

0.3 

4.2 

This river heads in the western slopes of the Catskill Mountains and 

in the plateaus north of them, flows in a course alternating between 

southwest and southeast, but generally southeast, to its mouth, in Delaware Bay, reaching tide at Trenton. Throughout most of its course 

it forms the bo~ndary line between Pennsylvania, on the west, and 

New York or New Jersey, on the east. The length of the stream, 
16 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

following its windings from its source to Trenton, is about 280 miles, 

and its average fall about 6. 7 feet per mile. Its drainage area, including all its branches, is 12,012 square miles. 

The first part of its course is down the declivities of the Catskill 

Mountains. Shortly thereafter it enters the faulted and folded region 

of the Appalachian Valley, flowing alternately with the ridges and 

across them. At Delaware Water Gap it passes the Kittatinny Range. 

At Trenton, where it crosses the Fall Line and meets tide, there is a 

fall of nearly 8 feet, which furnishes a valuable water power. 

The profile is mainly from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

Locality. 

Trenton, below falls ................. ------

Yardley .................................. 

Bull Island ...... ___ . _ .. _ . ________ ........ 

Easton _ . _ ................................ 

Belvidere. ____ . _____ . ____ . ____ ............ 

Delaware Water Gap. __________ ........... 

Four miles above Port Jervis .. ___ .......... 

Lackawaxen. _________________ . ___________ 

Deposit ................................... 

Head_ ........ _ ... _ . _ ......... __ ... ___ .. __ 

LEHIGH RIVER. 

Distance 

from 

Trenton. 

Miles. 

0 

3 

26 

54 

68 

81 

127 

146 

212 

280 

[From the census report on Water Power, 1880.] 

Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth -------------------------------··-- 0 

Bethlehem .. ~ .. ___ . ___ . _ . _ ... __ .. _ ....... 12 

Slatington ......... _ . _____ . ___ .. _ ..... _ . __ 33 

Lehighton. ___ . __ .. _._ .. __ . __ ............. 42 

Mauch Chunk, below dam _________________ 46 

54 

Near White Haven. ______________ . ___ ._. __ 70 

Stoddartsville .... ______ . ____ .... __ ....... _ R3 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

8 

74 

159 

235 

301 

450 

600 

984 

1,886 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

159 

205 

350 

450 

504 

690 

1,105 

1,457 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

2. 7 

2.9 

3.0 

5.4 

5. 1 

3.2 

7.9 

5.8 

13.3 

Fall mile. pe< I 

Feet. 

3.8 

6.9 

11.1 

13.5 

23.2 

£U 1 
GANNETT.] SCHUYLKILL .AND SUSQUEHA NN .A RIVERS. 17 

SCHUYLKILL RIVER. 

This river heads in Schuylkill County, in eastern Pennsylvania, and 

flows southeast to its junction with the Delaware at Philadelphia. In 

its course through Schuylkill and Berks counties it traverses numer:_ous 

water gaps through the ridges of the Appalachian Valley. Its length 

is 112 miles, and its drainage basin about 1,800 square miles. The 

average fall of the river is about 5 feet per mile. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

~outh ----------------------------------- 0 

Fairmount ____________________________ ---- 8 

Pawlings dam---------------------------- 30 

Reading-------- _____________ --_---------- 70 

Port Clinton __________________________ ---- 92 

Landingville ___________________ ----------- 100 

J ~ch~:lkill Haven----------.--------------- 105 

~arbon------------------------------ 112 

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. Feet. 

0 

0 

67 3.0 

205 3. 45 

390 8. 4 

472 10.25 

509 7. 4 

619 15.7 

Susquehanna River rises in two large branches known as the North 

and West branches, the former rising in southern New York and the 

latter in central Pennsylvania, both branches heading in the Allegheny 

plateau. The drainage basin of the entire river is 27,655 square miles, 

three-fourths of it being within the State of Pennsylvania. The length 

of the river, following up the North Branch, is 422 miles. The North 

Branch pursues an extremely crooked course, flowing in a generally 

southwesterly course in the State of New York, changing in northeastern Pennsylvania to a southeast course, until it flows out of the 

plateau and into the great Appalachian Valley. Then it flows southwestward to its junction with the West Branch at Sunbury. Most of 

this part of its course lies in limestone valleys, but in several cases it 

breaks through .ridges from valley to valley, forming water gaps. 

The West Branch heads in Cambria County and flows, at first, northward and northeastward and then southeastward until it leaves the 

plateau and enters the valley. Then it flows eastward in a limestone 

valley, at the south foot of the Allegheny Front, until it reaches a point 

north of Sunbury, whence it flowi southward to its junction at that 

pla·ce with the North Branch, cutting several water gaps through opp?sing ridges on its way. 

IRR 44--01--2 
18 PRO}j'ILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [No. 44. 

From Sunbury to Harrisburg the main Susquehanna flows nearly 

south across the trend of the ridges and valleys. In this part o£ its 

course the river cuts five fine water gaps. Through each of these the 

stream runs with accelerated velocity, while in the intervening limestone valleys it has a leisurely flow. From Harrisburg the river flows 

southeast to the head of Chesapeake Bay, most of the way through a 

rolling, highly cultivated country. 

Between Sunbury and- Harrisburg the profile is slightly convex, 

showing the effect in retarding the progress of the river's erosion of 

the hard ridges which it crosses. 

The profile is £rom the census report on Water Power, 1880. 

1- Distance Height Locality. from above Fall mile. P" I 

mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth -------------------------·-----·--- 0 0 

State line .. ____ .. ___ . ________ . ____________ 12 69 5.8 

Mouth of Fishing Creek ___________________ 20 100 3.9 

Foot of Columbia dam ____________________ 43 224 5.4 

Crest of Columbia dam ____________ ._. ____ . 43 231 

Foot Conewago falls_ . ________________ . ____ 57 254 1.6 

Above Conewago falls _________ . ___ . ______ -~ 59 273 9.5 

Harrisburg ___ . ___ . ________________ . _____ . 69 298 2.5 

Rockville _____ . _ . _ .... ______________ ... _ .. 75 305 1. 16 

Clark ferry dam, foot. _____ .. _ ... __ .~ __ . __ . 84 336 3.4 

Clark ferry dam, crest _ ... ___ .. ___ .. ___ . _. _ 84 343 

LiverpooL ..... __________________ . __ ...... , 99 378 2.3 

Selinsgrove . _ ..... _______________ . _ .. _____ 116 421 2.5 

Sunbury dam, foot ________________________ 122 422 0.2 

Sunbury dam, crest _______________________ 122 429 

Nanticoke dam, foot. ______________________ 174 509 1.5 

Nanticoke dam, crest. . _______ . ____________ 174. 515 

Wilkes barre . _____ . _ .. _ ... ___________ . ____ 183 521 0.66 

Mouth of Lackawanna River -- .. ------- -- .. - 190 536 2. 14 

Mouth of Tunkhannock Creek _____________ 211 581 2.14 

Mouth of Meehoopany Creek. ____ . ________ 223 604 1.9 

Mouth of Wyalusing Creek. ________ . ______ 244 646 2.0 

Mouth of Wysox Creek . _____________ . ____ 258 687 2.9 

Towanda .• ____ . _________ . _ ... ________ . _ . _ 262 700 3.2 

Athens _ ... ____ . __________________________ 278 744 

Otsego I.ake ___ . _______ . ____________ . ___ . _ 422 1,193 _::~ 1 
GANNETT.] SUSQUEHANNA AND JUNIATA RIVERS. 

WEST BRANCH OF SUSQUEHANNA RIVER. 

Locality. 

Mouth ________ . ___ . _____ . _______________ _ 

Lewisburg dam, foot _____________________ _ 

Lewisburg dam, crest. ____________________ _ 

Muncy dam, foot. ________________________ _ 

Muncy d~m, crest ________________________ _ 

Williamsport dam, foot. __________________ _ 

Williamsport dam, crest __________________ -I 

Lockhaven dam, foot. ___ • ___ . _____________ I 

Lockhaven dam, crest ____________________ _ 

Queens Run dam, foot. ___________ . _______ _ 

Queens Run dam, crest ___________________ _ 

~~~;~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

JUNIATA RIVER. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

.Miles. 

0 

7 

7 

23 

23 

39 

39 

65 

65 

69 

_69 

105 

160 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

429 

431 

434 

462 

469 

498 

508 

539 

550 

551 

557 

695 

1,117 

Fall per mile. 

Feet . 

1. 75 

1.8 

1.2 

0.25 

3.8 

7.7 

19 

This is a large western branch of Susquehanna River, which heads 

in the Appalachian Valley, under the Allegheny Front, and flows with 

a generally eastward, but an extremely crooked, course to its mouth, a 

few miles above Harrisburg. Its course is throughout an alternation 

of gentle stretches in limestone valleys and of rapid courses through 

water gaps. Its drainage basin comprises 3,223 square miles. 

The profile is from the census report on Water Power. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth _ •• _ .. __ . __________________________ 0 336 -------- Millerstown dam, foot ... ___ ... ____________ 16 380 2. 7 

Millerstown dam, crest ____________________ 16 388 -------- Lewistown dam, foot ______________________ 44 442 1.9 

Lewistown dam, crest ______________ . ______ 44 450 -------- Newton Hamilton dam, foot _______________ 68 512 2.6 

Newton Hamilton dam, crest _________ . ____ 68 520 .. ----....... 

~~ndarn, foot.-------------------- 90 610 4.1 

mgton dam, crest _________________ . _ . 90 622 --------
20 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

POTOMAC RIVER. 

This river heads in several long branches in the Appalachian Valley, 

in Virginia, and in the edge of the Allegheny Plateau. The North 

and South branches of the Potomac and the Shenandoah River flow iri 

lines that are parallel to one another, with a course somewhat east of 

north, for long stretches through limestone valleys. The North 

Branch, which is the uppermost of the he~d streams, turns eastward at 

Cumberland and, thence known as the Potomac, flows in a generally 

southeasterly course as far as Washington, where it reaches tide level, 

being joined on the way by the South Branch of the Pqtomac at Piedmont and by the Shenandoah River at Harper~ Ferry. In the upper 

part of its course it crosses a number of ridges in water gaps, and at 

Harpers Ferry crosses the Blue Ridge, cutting a gap nearly 1,000 feet 

in depth. 

The obstruction produced by the rocks of the Blue Ridge at Harpers 

Ferry ha~ retarded the_ stream to such an extent that above this point 

both the main river and its branch,. the Shenandoah, have been locally 

graded for a long distance upstream, giving them gentle and very 

crooked courses. The drainage basin of the Potomac River is 14,4 79 

square miles, including the Shenandoah, which has an area of 2,850 

square miles. 

The following profiles of the Potomac, its South Branch, and the 

Shenandoah with its North Fork, are from the atlas sheets of the 

United States Geological Survey: 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Point Lookout. ____________________ 0 0 ................. -- Chain bridge, above Georgetown, D. C ______ 115 20 0.2 

Head of Little falls ________________________ 116 40 20.0 

Foot of Great falls. ________________________ 121 60 4.0 

Head of Great falls ________________________ 125 150 22.5 

141 200 3.1 

Harpers Ferry ____________________________ 172 250 1.6 

179 300 7.1 

Hancock ________ • _ ~ ______________________ 220 400 2.4 

244 500 4.2 

Cumberland ______________________________ 290 600 2.2 

310 700 5.0 

316 800 16.7 

320 900 25.0 

I 

324 1,000 25.0 

330 1,200 33.3 
GANNETT.) POTOMAC AND SHENANDOAH RIVERS. 21 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Cumb erland ----··-···············------·· 334 1,400 50.0 

338 1,600 50.0 

342 1,800 50.0 

346 2,000 50.0 

----------------------------------- 358 2,500 41.7 

SOUTH BRANCH OF POTOMAC. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, near Green Spring ......... _ .....•. 0 545 -------· 15 600 3. 7 

Romney ...•.............................. 27 700 8.3 

Moorefield. ___ ............................ 52 800 4.0 

South Fork of South Branch ............... 65 1,000 15.4 

I 76 1,200 18.2 

87 1,500 27.3 L 

____ 

103 2,000 ~ 31.3 

SHENANDOAH RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Harpers Ferry ... _ .. ______ ....... _ . 0 250 -------- 10 300 5.0 

39 400 3.4 

Riverton_ ... _ ............................. 58 465 3.4 

68 500 3.5 

Overall ........... _ .••...•••.... _________ . 82 600 7.1 

94 700 8.3 

I 

115 800 4.8 

133 900 5.5 

147 1,000 7. 1 

L 170 1,200 iiJ 200 1,500 0 
22 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

NORTH FORK OF SHENANDOAH RIVER. 

Distance 

from Height Fall per Locality. mouth of above 

Shenandoah sea. mile. 

River. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Etiverton --------------------------------- 58 465 -------- 63 500 7.0 

73 600 10.0 

83 700 10.0 

98 800 6.7 

124 900 3.8 

135 1,000 9.1 

I 147 1,200 16.7 

JAMES RIVER. 

,.This tributary to Chesapeake Bay heads in the Allegheny Front, in 

West Virginia, and flows in a generally eastward course across the 

Appalachian Valley, cutting across its ridges and finally the Blue Ridge. 

In its course across the valley and through the Piedmont region it has 

many rapids. At Richmond it crosses the Fall Line with an abrupt 

descent o:f 84 :feet and just below that city reaches tide and the head 

o:f navigation. From this point to its mouth, 111 miles, it is a tidal 

estuary. Its drainage basin, including that o:f its main branch, Appomattox River, comprises 9,684 square miles. 

Appomattox River heads in the Piedmont region, flows eastward 

and joins James River just below Petersburg, at which point it crosses 

the :fall line. 

The profile o:f James River is :from the levels o:f the Engineer Corps, 

U. S. A., and that o:f the Appomattox :from the atlas sheets o:f the 

United States Geological Survey. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

Mouth ______ .... _ .. _________________ . _ _ _ _ 0 0 

Etichmond _ .. _ .. _____ .. ______________ . _ . _ _ 111 0 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

Grant dam ___ .... _ . _ . _____ .... _ . ___ .. ___ . _ 114 84 28. 0 

Bosher dam. ______ .. ______________________ 122 124 5. 0 

Maiden's Adventure dam _____ .. ____ ... ____ 140 143 1. 1 

Tye River dam _____________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 375 :· : I 

~J-o-sh_ua ___ F_ru_ls_d_a_m __ ._--_-_-_··_-_-_--_-_-_··_·_-_-·_-_--_-_-~-----2-4-6~----4-63--~.~ 
GANNETT.) JAMES, APPOMATTOX, AND ROANOKE RIVERS. 23 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Lynchburg waterworks dam ............... 260 513 3.6 

Judith dam ............................... 263 540 9.0 

Bald Eagle dam .......... ___ .. _ . __ .. ____ . _ 268 558 3.6 

Pedlar dam ................ ___ ... _ . ............. 271 572 4. 7 

Coleman Falls dam ........ _ . _ . ____________ 274 588 5.3 

Big Island dam ______________ .. _ . _____ . ___ 278 606 4.5 

Cushaw dam .......... ___ ...... _ . __ . __ .... 282 649 10.8 

Blue Ridge dam ....... __ .. ______ . __ . _____ . 287 706 11.4 

Quarry Falls dam ..... ______ . _ ..... __ .. _ ... 290 720 4. 7 

Varney Falls dam ...•.. _________ ... _ . ___ .. 297 759 5.6 

Indian Rock dam ....• __ .... _____________ . 301 786 6.8 

I :":~~-:::n-~~~- ~~~~;,;,~~: -~~~~:::: 305 812 iU 325 1,014 1 

APPOMATTOX RIVER. 

Locality. 

Distance Height I 

i Fall per from above 

mouth. I mile. sea. 

---1 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth _ . __ . __ ... ~ .................... -... - 0 0 

17 100 5.8 

Giles milL _____ . ~ ___ .................... _ . 59 200 2.4 

Near Farmville ________ . __ .. _ ......... ___ ._ 98 300 2.6 I 

110 400 8.3 I 

Head near Appomattox. _____ .. ___ ... ____ ._ 130 800 

~ ROANOKE RIVER. 

The source of this river is in the Appalachian Valley, in southwest 

Virginia; thence it flows southeastward to the head of Albemarle 

Sound. It is navigable to Weldon, above which place it crosses the 

Fall Line. Its principal branch, Dan River, which heads in the 

mountains of western North Carolina, exhibits similar peculiarities. 

The drainage basin of Roanoke River, including that of the Dan, is 

9,237 square miles. 

The profile of the Roanoke as far up as Brookneal and that of the 

Dan are from levels by the Engineer Corps, U. S. A. The upper 

portion of the Roanoke is from the atlas sheets of the United States 

Geological Survey. 
24 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

Locality. 

Mouth .. _ ........... _ . _ .... __ . _ ..... _ ... . 

Weldon .............................. ---. 

GastOn .. __ . _ .. ___ . _ . _ ............ _ .. _ ... . 

Stone House Creek ... _ . ___ . _ .............. . 

Great Creek ...............•. _ . ____ .. _ ... . 

Allen Creek ........ __ .. _ . _ .............. . 

East Lynne Creek .. ___ ._ ... _._ ... _ ....... . 

Clarksville, V a ...... _ .. _ .. _ ... _ .. _ .. __ ... . 

Roanoke landing_ .... _ .. ____ . _ ... __ . __ ... . 

Wallace Creek ... _____ .... ____ ...... __ ... . 

0 ld landing ____ . _____ . _______ . _____ . __ ... . 

Edmunds landing _____ .... ____ . _____ . _ ... . 

Coles ferry landing ____________ . _ . _ .. ; .... . 

Brookneal .. __ ..... __ .................. _ .. 

Head Long Island ..... _ ........ c •••••••••• 

Wards road ferry ............ _ ....... _ . _ .. 

Folers ferry, mouth of Pig River ... ___ .... -r 

Radford ford ...•... _ ........ _ . __ .. _ ..... . 

Lynville ford ........ _ ....... _ ...• ___ . _ .. . 

Salem .. _ •... __ ..... _ .............. _ ..... . 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

129 

132 

148 

160 

172 

182 

196 

217 

223 

229 

233 

239 

249 

261 

276 

302 

317 

330 

341 

360 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

39 0.3 

143 34.6 

181 2.4 

194 1. 1 

212 1. 5 

233 2.1 

289 4. 0 

319 1. 4 

328 1. 5 

337 1. 5 

341 1. 0 

350 1. 5 

368 1. 8 

400 2. 7 

50() 6. 7 

600 I 3. 8 

700 6. 7 

800 7. 7 

900 9.1 

1, 000 5. 3 

365 1,100 20.0 

20.0 

11. 1 

370 1, 200 

379 1, 300 

1

- 386 1,400 £U 

388 1,500 0 

-~--'-----'------

DAN RIVER • 

Locality. Dif;~~ce ~~~v~t Fall per . ,-------~ mouth. sea. mile. 

Mouth .... _ .. __ . _ .. __ .... _ . ___ .......... . 

Danville canal . __ . __ . __ . _ .. _____ ... ____ . _. 

Wilson upper ferry_ .... ___ . ________ . _. ___ _ 

Daniels ferry ....... ___ . __ .. ____ ...... ___ .. 

Leaks ville ... _ ... ___ . ___ .. __ . _ ........ __ .. 

Eagle falls ____ . ____________ . ____ .. ______ . _ 

Madison bridge .... _ ...... __ ..... _. _ .. _ .. _ 

Ladds ford ____ . _ .... __ .. __ .. ______ .. _ . _ . _ 

Danbury .••••.••••••.•.•..••............. 

Miles. 

0 

60 

67 

78 

91 

99 

110 

119 

128 

138 

Feet. 

289 

397 

431 

462 

492 

510 

538 

568 

618 

688 

Feet. 

1.8 

4.9 

2.8 

2.3 

2.3 

2.5 

3.3 

5.6 

7.0 
GANNETT.] CAPE FEAR AND GREAT PEDEE RIVERS. 25 

CAPE FEAR RIVER. 

This river heads in the upper part of the Piedmont region and flows 

southeast to its mouth at Wilmington. It crosses the Fall Line above 

Fayetteville. 

Its drainage basin comprises 8,310 square miles. 

The profile is from the report on Water Power of the Tenth Census. 

I~ Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Wilmington ------------------------------ 0 0 -------- Fayetteville -- ............................ -.................... -........ -..... -...... 112 7 .06 

Smiley falls, foot .......................... 139 42 1.3 

~falls, head ......................... 143 69 JiJ tion Haw and Deep rivers ............. 172 130 1 

GREAT PEDEE RIVER. 

This river, following up the Yadkin, heads in the Blue Ridge, in the 

northern part of North Carolina, and flows southeastwardly to its 

mouth, near Georgetown, South Carolina, its course being throughout 

in the Piedmont region and the Atlantic Coastal Plain. It exhibits 

many irregularities, due to recent tilting of the region through which 

it flows. It crosses the Fall Line above Cheraw. 

Its drainage basin is 17,098 square miles. 

The profile is from the levels of the Engineer Corps, U. S. A., as far 

as Wilkesboro; above that point it has been derive~ from the atlas 

sheets of the United States Geological Survey. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

MUes. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ---·-------------------------·----- 0 0 

Cheraw ________ ., ________ ., ________________ 149 65 0.4 

Foot of Bluitt fall!'! ........ ____ . ______ . _ . __ 170 145 3.8 

Allentown ferry ____ ... ________ . _____ . _ . __ . 199 201 1.9 

Christian ferry ____ . __ . _ .. _ . __ . _______ . ____ 208 209 0.9 

Mouth Uwharrie River ... ___ . ________ . ___ . 212 239 7.5 

Head of Narrows. ____ .. _. ____________ ._ .. _ 214 259 10.0 

Stokes ferry_._ ......... _____ ......... _ ... _ 227 505 18.9 

Bringle ferry. ___ .......... __ . _ . _ .... _ .... _ 237 557 5.2 

Crossing Southern R. R .. _. ...... _ . _ . _ ..... _ 259 661 4. 7 

Mouth of South Yadkin River. _________ . ___ 263 627 1.5 

[__;;hman Island .............. _._._. ___ .. 272 680 1.4 

ferry ••••• __ • ___________ . _____ ...... 281 694 1.6 
26 PROI!'ILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. Locality. 

MUes. Feet. Feet. 

Bailey ferry ______________________________ _ 291 711 1.7 

Hall ferry _______________________________ _ 297 726 2.5 

Jones mill ______ . ________________________ _ 309 752 2.2 

Sycamore ford ___________________________ _ 325 790 2.4 

Rockford ________________________________ _ 341 866 4.8 

Hurt ledge. ______________________________ _ 351 9Q8 4.2 

Sayles ford ______________________________ _ 362 931 2. 1 

Mouth of Roaring River __________________ _ 371 958 3.0 

Wilkesboro ______________________________ _ 382 992 3.1 

385 1,000 2.7 

391 1,100 16. 7 

403 1,200 8.3 I Patterson __ 410 1,250 7.1 .. __ .. __ . ____ ....... __ . __ . __ ... 

SANTEE RIVER. 

This river heads in the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge in several 

branches, converging in the Catawba, Saluda, and Broad rivers, which 

flow south westward across the Piedmont region and the Atlantic 

Coastal Plain to its mouth, near Cape Romain. Its drainage basin is 

14,696 square miles. 

The profiles of this river and its branches are from the levels of the 

Engineer Corps, U. S. A. 

Locality. 

Mouth ........................................................................... 

Junction of Wateree and Congaree rivers._~_ 

Head of Wateree River ____________________ 

Foot of Ga ydon falls _______________________ ' 

Crossing C. C. and A. R. R. ________________ 

State Line ________________________________ 

Crossing A. and C. R. R. ___________________ 

Crossing C. C. R. R __________________ - _____ 

Crossing W. N.C. R. R. ____________________ 

Crossing Chester and Lenoir R. R __________ 

Moore shoal ______________________________ 

Morganton ... -........ --- ........ - -... ---- ............. -- ...... -.. - Old Fort. _________________________________ 

Crossing of ~outhern R. R _________________ 

Head, in Swannanoa gap.------ ____________ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

lrliles. 

0 

208 

268 

275 

308 

323 

328 

333 

370 

398 

403 

413 

463 

473 

479 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

80 

160 

226 

461 

485 

508 

522 

730 

884 

908 

1,010 

1,274 

2,050 

2,658 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.4 

1.3 

9.4 

7.1 

1.6 

4.6 

2.8 

5.6 

5.5 

4.8 

10.2 

5.3 

~ 3 
GANNETT.] CONC+AREE, SALUDA, AND BROAD RIVERS. 

CONGAREE RIVER. 

Locality. 

Junction with WatereeRiver .............. 

Head, Columbia _ •••..... __ . _________ . _. __ 

SALUDA RIVER. 

I Locality. 

Mouth . _____________ . ___________ . _ . ____ . _ 

Crossing of G. & C. R. R __ . _________ .... ___ 

I Crossing of Southern R. R .................. 

BROAD RlVER. 

Locality. 

Mouth -·----------------------------·---- Ninety-nine Islands ____ . __ .. _ .. _ . _ ......... 

Summers shoal, foot ... _. _____ . __________ .. 

Lyle shoal, foot. ________________ .. _ .. _____ 

Neal shoal, foot. _____ . __ .. __ . ____ . ________ 

Foot of the gravel .. __________ .. __ ......... 

Foot of Ninety-nine Islands ... _____________ 

Head of Cherokee shoal __ . _________ .... ___ 

Crossing Southern R. R. ___________________ 

Green River _________ , ______________ .. ____ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

60 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

60 

125 

135 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

12 

26 

41 

59 

68 

94 

101 

105 

141 

SAVANNAH RIVER. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

80 

136 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

136 

383 

749 

809 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

136 

176 

229 

270 

322 

340 

426 

530 

542 

759 

27 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. I 

---~~~--I 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

------- ... 

4.1 

5.6 

6.0 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

3.3 

3. 7 

2. 7 

2.9 

2.0 

3.3 

14.8 

I 

~ 0 

This river heads in the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge and flows 

southeast to its mouth at Savannah. It crosses the Fall Line just above 

Augusta, where is afforded a fine water power, which is utilized to a 

large extent, making Augusta the chief cotton-manufacturing point in 

the South. . 

The drainage basin of the river is 11,402 square miles. 
28 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

The profile is from levels by the Engineer Corps, U.S. A. 

Locality. 

Savannah _______________________________ _ 

Crossing of C. & S. R. R. _________________ _ 

Purysburg _______ ---- _________ ---- ______ --

Ebenezer landing ________________________ _ 

Sisters ferry _____________________________ _ 

Parachuchla _____________________________ _ 

Monkey point. ________________________ : __ _ 

HagaSlaga point ___________________ , _____ _ 

Co hens bluff _____________________________ _ 

Burton ferry landing _____________________ _ 

Brown landing ___________________________ _ 

Rattlesnake camp ____________________ ~ ____ _ 

Blue bluff _________________________________ _ 

Demerief ferry ___________________________ _ 

Eagle point ______________________________ _ 

Hill landing _____________________________ _ 

Mason landing ___________________________ _ 

Augusta _________________________________ _ 

Little River shoals _______________________ _ 

Point Lookout shoals _____________________ _ 

Petersburg, Ga _______ . ___________________ _ 

Head Hell sluices ________________________ _ 

Moseley ferry • ___________________________ _ 

Harper ferry _____________________________ _ 

Dooley ferry _____________________________ _ 

Andersonville ______________ . _____________ _ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

14 

23 

34 

47 

55 

70 

91 

101 

116 

130 

141 

150 

161 

170 

180 

191 

203 

225 

235 

259 

265 

272 

278 

284 

306 

314 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

4 

6 

14 

20 

24 

31 

44 

51 

60 

69 

77 

80 

87 

92 

98 

103 

110 

203 

256 

289 

306 

380 

405 

422 

541 

577 

[NO. 44. 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.3 

0.25 

0.7 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.6 

0. 7 

0.6 

0.6 

0.7 

0.3 

0.6 

0.6 

0.6 

0.5 

0.~ 

4.2 

5.3 

1.4 

2.8 

10.6 

4.2 

2.8 

5.4 

4.5 
GANNETT.) SOUTHERN STREAMS. 29 

OCONEE RIVER. 

This is one o:f the main branches o:f the Altamaha River in Georgia. 

It heads on the eastern slope o:f the Blue Ridge and flows nearly southeast to its junction with the Altamaha. Its profile is remarkably 

smooth, with little variation :from a normal one. It is :from levels by 

the Corps o:f Engineers, U. S. A. 

Locality. 

Mouth ----------------------···----··--·- Chaney ferry _____________________________ 

McArthur landing -- ----- ... -......... --------- ..... 

Adams landing ____________________________ 

Savannah, Americus and Montgomery R. R. 

crossing ________________________________ 

Adams landing ____________________________ 

Odam landing -- .. ---- .. ---- -.. ---------- ----

Dixon landing ------------·--------------- Walton landing ___________________________ 

Davis landing _____________________________ 

Branch landing ___________________________ 

Cooper landing -....... ------ ........ -------------- Walton landing ___________________________ 

Pritchett landing __________________________ 

Clark landing _____________________________ 

Dublin ____________ . _ .. ________________ · ___ 

Blackshears ferry ___ . _____________________ 

Kittrell landing ___________________________ 

Thompson ferry ___________________________ 

Ball ferry _________________________________ 

Central R. R. bridge _______________________ 

Spring Lake. ______________________________ 

Whitaker Island __________________________ 

Tucker ferry ______________________________ 

Milledgeville ---------------------------- ... 

Georgia R. R. bridge _______________________ 

Crossing Georgia R. R - ---- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - --I 

Cr0f!3ing N. E. R. R. near Athens .......... ·1 

Crossing N. E. R. R. near Lula ______________ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

6 

15 

25 

30 

37 

39 

45 

50 

55 

58 

62 

67 

70 

72 

79 

85 

93 

98 

102 

108 

114 

127 

137 

147 

149 

209 

249 

294 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

83 

88 

99 

l09 

114 

121 

123 

129 

134 

138 

141 

145 

151 

154 

156 

161 

167 

175 

179 

185 

193 

202 

221 

231 

242 

248 

335 

604 

1,232 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.8 

1.2 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

0.8 

1.0 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

1.0 

0.7 

1.0 

1.0 

0.8 

1.5 

1.3 

1.5 

1.5 

1.0 

1.1 

3.0 

1.5 

6.7 J 

13.9 
30 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO, 44; 

APALACHICOLA AND CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVERS. 

The Chattahoochee, the main branch of the Apalachicola River, 

heads in the Blue Ridge, in northeast Georgia, flows southwest to the 

boundary between this State and Alabama, following that boundary 

to the south line of the State, near which it joins Flint River to form 

the Apalachicola. The river leaves the metamorphic region and 

. crosses the Fall Line at Columbus, the head of navigation. Just 

above this place is a succession of rapids and falls, giving the river a 

descent of 120 feet within 5 miles of Columbus. 

The profile is taken mainly from the atlas sheets of the United 

States Geological Survey. 

Locality. 

Mouth of Apalachicola River _____________ _ 

Columbus ____________________ " __________ _ 

West Point ______________________________ _ 

Morns ferry _____________________________ _ 

Lizzie ___________________________________ -

Terry ferry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

Stringer ford _____________________________ _ 

Crowder ford ____________________________ _ 

COOSA AND TALLAPOOSA RIVERS. 

Alabama River, one of the two main branches of Mobile River, 

divides just below Montgomery, Alabama, into two large branches, 

Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. The former heads in northern Georgia, 

in the broken hills which form the southern end of the Appalachian 

Mountains in two branches, the Etowah and the Oostanaula rivers. 

The Tallapoosa River heads in northwest Georgia. 

The entire drainage basin of the Alabama is 23,820 square miles. 

The profile is from levels of the Engineer Corps, U. S. A. 
GANNETT.] COOSA AND ETOWAH RIVERS. 

COOSA RIVER. 

Locality. 

Wetumka bridge ______________ ........... . 

Thompson ferry __ . _______ .... ___ . _ . _ .... . 

Ziinmerman ferry ________ .. , ............. . 

Narrows ___ - - ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - - --I 

Foot of Steamboat Island __ .... ___ . _ .. __ . __ 

Bullock Island _________ . _ ... _______ . _____ _ 

Tallasseehatchie Creek _ .... __ ..... _______ _ 

Glover ferry ______ .......... _ . _______ . ___ _ 

Griffith ferry ____ ..... _ . _ . _ . ____ ...... _ .. _ 

Truss ferry _____ . __ . _ ......... ___ .. ___ . ___ _ 

Embry ferry ___ . _ . _ ... __ . ________________ _ 

Greensport __ ............... ___ . ___ . _____ _ 

Garrett ferry __ .... _ ....... ____ ... _ . ______ _ 

Cedar bluff _ ........ _ ....... ____ . ________ _ 

Rome __________________ .... __ .... _ . ___ - __ 

Distance 

from 

Wetumka 

bridge. 

. Miles. 

0 

19 

31 

46 

58 

64 

76 

85 

96 

108 

115 

141 

160 

207 

223 

271 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

148 

Fall per mile. 

Feet . 

244 5.1 

276 2. 7 

383 7.1 

406 1. 9 

413 1. 2 

415 0. 2 

423 0. 9 

453 2. 7 

469 1. 3 

471 0. 3 

500 1.1 

521 1. 1· 

571 1. 1 

652 623 ~J ~----------------------------------~--------~------~· 

ETOWAH RIVER. 

31 

[This profile is made up mainly from the atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey.] 

Locality. 

Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Rome ______________________ . _____ _ 0 652 

Cartersville . _____________________________ _ 43 696 1.0 

Mouth of Little River ____________________ _ 63 798 5.1 

Chamlee ferry ______________ .. ___________ _ 83 900 5. 1 

Ledbetter bridge ________ . __________ ... ___ _ 104 1,000 4.8 

Dougherty ____________________ . ____ . _____ _ 119 1,100 6. 7 

122 1,200 33.3 

131 1,300 11. 1 

Head __________ ----- • ----- . -- - -- - - - - . ----- 144 3,500 169.2 
32 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

OOSTAN.AUL.A RIVER AND COOSA W ATTEE RIVER. 

[This profile is made up from atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey.] 

~- ~ Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Rome. ______ .. _ ... _____ ... _ ... ____ 0 652 -------- Foot of mountains. ____________ ..... _ .. ____ 67 700 0. 7 

73 1,000 

83 1,200 

~ 0 

BLACK WARRIOR RIVER. 

This is a large eastern branch of Tombigbee River, one of the two 

forks of Mobile River. It heads in northern Alabama and flows southwest to its junction with the Tombigbee. 

~~- Distance Height Locality. from above Fall mile. P" I 

mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Tuscaloosa. ____________________ . _ . _ ... _ .. _ 0 0 ...... -... ---- Langston .... __ . ___ .. _________ . _ . _ ..... _ .. 13 45 3.5 

Patton ferry ... ___________________________ 32 107 3.3 

Mouth of Locust Fork _____________________ 47 120 0.9 

Tuggle landing ....... _ ... ___ . _ .. __ . _______ 70 144 

Junction Sipsey and Mulberry forks. __ .. __ . 90 163 

~ 5 

TALLAPOOSA RIVER. 

[This profile is made from atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey.] 

r- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth .. --- .. -- ---- .. ----- -.. ----- ----- ------ 0 160 -------- Bosworth._. ____ ... _________ . _____________ 90 500 3.8 

Malone ferry. _ .... __ ..... __ . ___ . ______ . _ . _ 106 582 5.1 

Mouth of Little Tallapoosa River . ________ . 122 660 4.9 

148 800 5.4 

Muscadine_ .. __ ... ___ .. _. ______ .. __ . __ . __ . 181 900 3.0 

I Allgood milL -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- --- -- ---

200 1,000 £J 215 1,154 3 
~ 

GANNETT.] SOUTHERN STREAMS. 33 

TEXAS RIVERS. 

The rivers of Texas, the Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, and Nueces, and 

their branches, drain a territory whose physiographic features affect 

all its streams in a similar manner. The region slopes with much 

uniformity toward the southeast and the streams flow down this slope. 

It is formed of a succession of rock beds, dipping gently southeast, 

but more steeply than the slope of the land, so that on following down 

one of these streams we cross successively more recent strata. These 

beds are not of uniform hardness, and the streams, cutting more 

rapidly in the softer beds and being retarded by the harder ones, 

exhibit a succession of gentle and rapid courses. This is excellently 

shown in the Brazos and Colorado rivers. 

These profiles were n1ade up from atlas sheets of the United States 

Geological Survey. 

TRINITY RIVER. 

I I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

lffiles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ..•.. _ ...•..... ___ .. ___ ..... _ .. _____ 0 0 --- .. -- .... 

Crossing of H. E. & W. T. R. R ________ . ____ 72 .50 0. 7 

Sixteen miles below Dallas _____ .. _______ .. _ 314 3.50 I 

1.2 

Twelve miles above Dallas _________________ 342 400 1.8 

Six miles below Fort Worth ____ . ____ .. ___ . 361 500 5.3 

I 

Weatherford .... __ . _ • _____________________ 404 1,000 11.6 

I 

BRAZOS RIVER AND CLEAR FORK. 

I I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth----------------------------------- 0 0 -------- Bolivar landing ....•. _ . _ .. __ . _ .. __ ... _____ 51 2 -------- Mouth of Cow Creek ______________________ 60 9 0.8 

Crossing G. C. & S. F. R. R. __ . ___ . __ .. _____ 66 22 2.2 

Richmond .. __ . ________ .... _____ . _________ 89 47 1.1 

Eighteen miles above Waco ________________ 291 400 1.7 

318 450 1. 85 

341 500 2.2 

L 374 600 3.0 

I 407 700 3.0 

IRR 44-01--3 
34 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN TfiE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

BRAZOS RIVER AND CLEAR FORK--continued. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Near Palo Pinto. ____ . ____ . _____ ........... 462 800 1.8 

521 900 1.7 

545 1,000 4.2 

572 1, 100 3.7 

Near Fort Griffin ......••..••••............ 592 1,200 5.0 

I 

621 1,400 6.2 

I 642 1,500 4.8 1 L;'m .................................. 675 1,650 4.5 

..................................................................................................... 710 1,900 7.1 

COLORADO RIVER. 

I \ 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth .•.. _ . _ ....... ___ . __ . ____ . __ .. _____ 0 0 -------- 145 300 2. 1 

Above Bastrop ... _____ . _ . __ . __ . _ . _ . __ ... _ 

I 

175 350 1.7 

Below Austin _____ . __________ ._ .. ___ . __ .. _ 205 400 1.7 

Dam above Austin ___ ....... _ . _. _ ..... __ .. 217 450 4.2 

229 500 4.2 

261 600 3.1 

Marble Falls ....•• _ •.• _ .. _ . _ ••... _ .....••. 297 700 2.8 

Mouth of Llano River • _ .. _ ...... __ ..••• _ •. 315 800 8.6 

329 900 7.1 

341 1,000 8.3 

371 1,100 3.3 

424 1,200 1.9 

468 1,300 2.3 

4~8 1,400 3.3 

,c~24 ;1, 500 ;3.8 : 

I .i>'l8 :[.,000 ;4 •. ft ~ I 

L @69 1, 700 

.~ 591 1,800 4.-5 ' 
GANNETT.) TEXAS RIVERS. 35 

LLANO RIVER. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea . . Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ----------------------------------- 0 800 -------- Llano .......................•....•.....•. 27 1,000 7.4 

L 48 1,200 9.5 

84 1,500 8.3 

SAN SABA RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

I Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth .......... _ .. _ ....•..•.. _ ... _ ..... _ 0 1,120 -------- ~boveSanSaba ...........•••...••........ 14 1,200 5.7 

37 1,400 8. 7 

I Fort McKavett ... ______ .. __ ...... _ .. _ .. _ .. , 

61 1,600 iU 111 2,100 0 

CONCHO RIVER. 

rI 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth . _ .••..... ___ . _ .. ________ .... ____ .. 0 1,500 -------- ~hove Paint Rock .. ___ . __ ..... _. ____ .. _. __ 22 1,600 4.5 

30 1, 700 12.5 

San ~ngelo ...•................ _ .. __ ... _ . _ 43 1,800 7. 7 

55 1,900 8.3 

L 66 2,000 

83 2,200 ~ 7 

NUECES RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh --·--·--················---·--····· 0 0 -------- Northern part of Zavalla County . ___ ....... 230 700 3. 1 

256 1,000 11.5 

Northwestern part of Uvalde County . _ .... _ 275 1,250 13.2 

1. Barkr<lale ---- __ ---------------- .......... 292 1,500 14. 7 

310 1, 750 13.8 
36 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITlllD STATES. (NO, 44. 

RIO GRANDE. 

The Rio Grande rises in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado and 

has a steep descent in a mountain canyon to San Luis Valley. In this 

broad valley its slope is greatly reduced, but increases again in the 

canyon in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, which it has 

cut in a volcanic mesa. Flowing out of this it runs southward for 

several hundred miles in a valley, in which its slope is fairly uniform. 

It increases again in the canyon above the mouth of the Pecos, diminishing again below that point toward its mouth, where it becomes very 

slight. 

The river is subject to wide variations in volume at different times 

of the year. From southern New Mexico to the mouth of the Pecos 

it is often dry in late summer, while in the springtime it is a powerful 

torrent. 

The Pecos, its main branch, heads in the mountains above Las Vegas 

and :flows southeastward over the plains and through a broad valley to 

its mouth. Its profile, although evidently controlled largely by the 

slopes of the surface, is nearly normal, but shows a decided irregularity in the increased slope near its mouth. 

The profile of the Rio Grande has been made up mainly from the 

atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey, that of the Pecos 

in part from railroad levels and in part from these atlas sheets. 

I 

Distance Height Locality. from above Fall ... 1 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ----------------------------------- 0 0 -------- 250 440 1.8 

420 960 3.1 

722 2,500 5.1 

765 2,600 2.3 

783 2,700 5.6 

798 2,800 6.7 

816 2,900 5.6 

829 3,000 7.7 

843 3,100 7.1 

878 3,200 2.8 

902 3,300 4.1 

916 3,400 7.1 

956 3,500 2.5 

992 3,600 JiJ 0 ---------------------------------- I E!Pas 1,030 3,700 6 
GANNETT.] RIO GRANDE AND PECOS RIVER. 

Locality. 

Earlham •••••.....••..•••••••••.••••.•.•• 1 

! 

I 

I 

Alamocita .••••••••••••.•••••.•••••.••••.. 

San Marcial .....•.••....•...•.•••••••..... 

Albuquerque ......•.•••.....•.....•...•... 

Bernalillo ............•....••.•••••••.•... 

Cochiti .....• _ •...••....•.......•• ____ ••• _ 

San Ildefonso .•..•.•............•.....•... 

Rinconada •...•••••..•....•...•.••..•.•••. 

Colonas ferry •••••••••....•.•..........••. 

Del Norte -------------------------------- Wagon Wheel gap .•••••.................•. 

San Juan .•.•.•••. .' ••.•.........•........• 

Mouth of Lost Trail Creek ...........•••... 

L;h of Pole Creek--------- ____ ---------

------------------------------------

PECOS RIVER. 

Locality. 

Mouth •••.............................. ~. 

Pecos •.•••...................•........... 

Eddy ....••.••••......................... 

, Hagel'Illan ..•••.•.••...................... 

' Crossing P. V. R. R .. --.------------------

Latitude 35° ••..••••...................... 

Las Colonias ••••••..........•...•......... 

La Junta ••••••....•.....•....•........... 

Anton Chico •••...•••••.•••••••••••••••.•. 

La Cuesta .••••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

San Miguel ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Head .•.•.................. -----.-.. ------

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Hiles. 

1,069 

1,099 

1,153 

1,197 

1,233 

1,374 

1,396 

1,420 

1,450 

1,480 

1,508 

1,552 

1,626 

1,656 

1,681 I 

1,756 

I 1, 765 

1,770 i 

Distance 

from • mouth. 

jJfiles. 

0 

215 

300 

375 

405 

530 

548 

556 

567 

577 

597 

607 

622 

637 

657 

663 

37 

Height Fall per above mile. sea. 

Feet. Feet. 

3,800 2.6 

3,900 3.3 

4,120 4.1 

4,250 2.9 

4,400 4.2 

4,900 3.5 

5,000 4.5 

5,200 8.3 

5,500 10.0 

5,829 10.9 

6,357 18.9 

7,443 24. 7 

7, 742 4.0 

8,450 23.6 

9,000 22.0 

9,500 6. 7 

10,790 143.3 

12,000 242.0 

Height Fall per above 

sea. mile. 

Feet. Feet. 

1,000 

2,550 7.2 

3,107 6.6 

3,400 3.9 

3,500 3.3 

4,600 8.8 

4,850 13.9 

4,950 12.5 

5,100 13.6 

5,250 15.0 

5,800 27.5 

6,000 20.0 

6,500 33.3 

7,000 33.3 

8,000 50.0 

12,000 666.7 
38 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 

The Mississippi River heads in Lake Itasca, or rather in the indefinite divide a few miles farther south. For several hundred mile~ its 

course is throu~h a region over which the great northern glacier scattered its deposits, producing great irregularity in the disposition of 

the drainage. In this part of its course the river is very irregular, 

both in direction and in slope, flowing through numerous lakes of considerable size~ and between them having rapids and falls. The most· 

notable of the falls in the upper part of its course is that of St. 

Anthony, at Minneapolis, where the river flows off a bed of St. Peter 

sandstone. Below this fall its course becomes much more regular. 

It flows through Lake Pepin, where it has no appreciable descent, 

and there are no rapids of importance until those of Rock Island, 

Illinois, are reached, and these, with the rapids at Keokuk, are the 

only serious obstructions to navigation below Minneapolis. In each 

of these cases the rapids were produced by a recent shift in the river 

channel, caused by the Laurentian glacier. 

The slope of the river as far as Cairo does not vary greatly, ranging fron1 two feet to eight-tenths of a foot per mile. Most of the way 

the river flows in a bottom land of considerable breadth, generally 

widening downward, and the river becomes more and more crooked 

and winding. 

Below Cairo, where it is joined by the Ohio, its character is that of 

a graded stream. Although its slope is not materially diminished, its 

bottom lands become broader, and within them it meanders widely 

from bluff to bluff. In southern LouisiaJ?.a it changes again; its course 

becomes straighter, it deposits more detritus than it receives, and in consequence it has built up its bank by overflow, forming a broad, gently 

sloping ridge of dry land which accon1panies it through the swamp in 

which its course lies. Below the mouth of Red River it forms distributaries which aid in carrying off its surplus water in times of 

flood. In this part of its course its slope is scarcely appreciable, and 

yet it flows with a strong current. 

It discharges into the gulf through a delta composed of several arms 

or passes-South Pass, Southwest Pass, Pass a l'Outre, etc. Its entire 

drainage basin comprises 1,240,039 square miles. 

The profile is from the levels of the Mississippi River Commission; 

the heights are those of ordinary low water. 
GANNETT.] MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 

Locality. 

Mouth ..... _ ............................ . 

Carrollton, La ...... _ ..... _ ........ _._ .. _ .. 

College Point, La ... _ ...... _ .......• _ •.. __ _ 

Plaquemine, La ........... _ .... _____ ..... . 

Baton Rouge, La ...... _ ..... _ ..... __ . _ ... . 

Port Hickory, La ..... __ .... _ .. _ ...... ____ . 

Mouth of Red River, Ark _ ..... _ ......... . 

Natchez, Miss ............................ . 

St. Joseph, La ...•............ _ . _ . _ ... _ .. _ 

Vicksburg, Miss ................... _ ...... . 

Lake Providence, La ............. _ .... _ .. . 

Greenville, Miss ............. _ ... _ ........ . 

Arkansas City, Ark ....... _ ....... _._ ..... . 

Mouth of White River, Ark ....... _ ..... _. 

Helena, Ark ....................... _ ....•. 

Mahoons landing, Miss ................... . 

Memphis, Tenn ..... _ ............. _ .. _ ... . 

Fulton, Tenn ............................ . 

Cottonwood Point, Mo ....... _. _ ...... _. _ .. 

New Madrid, Mo ..•. __ . _ ... ___________ . _. _ 

Columbus, Ky ...... _ .......... _. _ . _. __ .. . 

Cairo, Ill ..•.................. _ . _ . _ .. _ ... . 

Thebes, Ill ........ _ . _ . _ . _ .. _ . _ ... _ . ___ .. _ 

Fountain Bluff, Ill _ ... _ . _ ....... _ . _ .. _ . _ .. 

St. Louis, Mo ..•.. _ ................... _ •. _ 

Mouth of Missouri River, Mo .... _ . _ . _ .... _ 

Grafton, Ill ....... • ...•............. _ .. _ .. . 

Clarksville, Mo ....... _ .. _ ..... _ .... _. _ .. . 

Louisiana, Mo ....... _ ............. _ . __ .. . 

Hannibal, Mo ... _ ........... __ ........ _ .. . 

Quincy, IlL ................. __ ._._._ .. _ .. . 

Canton, Mo ....•........................•. 

Gregory landing, Mo .............. _ .. _ .... . 

Alexandria, Mo ....•...................... 

Keokuk, Iowa ............•.....•......... 

Montrose, Iowa (rapids)_._._ ............. . 

Fort Madison, Iowa ........ _ ....•.......•. 

Burlington, Iowa ..•......... _ ...•......... 

Oquawka, IlL .................. _._ .. :_._._ 

Keithsburg, IlL .......... ___ .. _ ........ _ ... . 

New Boston, Ill ............. _ .... _ . _ .. _ .. . 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

140 

194 

222 

245 

287 

316 

378 

449 

487 

555 

618 

658 

700 

791 

821 

862 

922 

974 

1,028 

1,076 

1,097 

1,137 

1, 177 

1,270 

1,288 

1,308 

1,361 

1,371 

1,397 

1,413 

1,428 

1,439 

1,445 

1,450 

1,462 

1,470 

1,492 

1,505 

1,516 

1,522 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

7 

21 

36 

48 

73 

93 

100 

114 

147 

163 

185 

212 

230 

256 

271 

274 

291 

313 

380 

395 

405 

433 

437 

450 

458 

466 

472 

475 

477 

500 

502 

511 

516 

523 

524 

39 

i 

Fall per I mile. 

Feet. 

0.0 

0.2 

0.2 

0.3 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.3 

0.4 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.3 

0.5 

0.3 

0.1 

0.4 

0.5 

0. 7 

0.8 

0.5 

. 0.5 

0.4 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.4 

1.9 

0.3 

0.4 

0.4 

0.6 

0.2 
40 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [N0,44. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Port Louisa, Iowa ________ ... ___ .•......... 1,530 526 0.3 

Muscatine, Iowa ___ . ___ . ___ . ___ . ____ ... __ . 1,544 530 0.3 

Rock Island, IlL ___ . ________ . ____ . ________ 1,571 542 0.4 

LeClaire, Iowa (rapids)------------------- 1,587 562 1.2 

Clinton, Iowa. ___ . ________ ... ____ ........ _ 1,608 566 0.2 

Savanna, Ill _ . __ . ______ .. _____ .. __ . _______ 1,629 572 0.3 

Bellevue, Iowa._ .. _______ ... ________ ...... 1,649 578 0.3 

Dubuque, Iowa . __ . ____ . ___ . __ . _. __ .. _ .... 1,672 585 0.3 

Cassville, Wis ... __ ........ _ .... _ . ___ . _____ 1,699 599 0.5 

Prairie du Chien, Wis .. _. ___ . _ .... _ .... ___ 1,727 604 0.2 

Lansing, Iowa ___ .. _ .. ______ . _. _____ . ____ . 1, 756 612 0.3 

Brownsville, Minn _____ . ________ .. _ . _ ..... 1, 782 622 0.4 

La Crosse, Wis •........................... 1, 791 628 0.7 

Winona, Minn _____ ... ___ . _ ... _ ... __ .. ____ 1,821 637 0.3 

Fountain, Wis . __ •... __ ................... 1,829 644 0.9 

Minneiska, Minn. ___ ....•... __ ....• _ .. ____ 1,839 650 0.6 

Alma, Wis _ .........•...•.•.............• - 1,849 656 0.6 

Wabasha, Minn _ ........ ___ ........... _ •.. 1,857 662 0.8 

Red Wing, Minn., Lake Pepin ............. 1,888 665 0.1 

Hastings, Minn __ .. __ .... __ ....... _____ .. _ 1, 911 671 0.3 

St. Paul, Minn . _ .... __ ....... _ ......... _ . _ 1,937 683 0.5 

Mouth of Minnesota River, Minn _ .. _. _____ 1,943 688 0.8 

Minneapolis, Minn. (St. Anthony falls) _. _. _ 1,952 794 11.8 

Anoka, Minn _____ . _____ . _______ .. ______ . _ 1,970 825 1.7 

Mouth of Elk River, Minn. __ . ___ .. ________ 1,985 851 1.7 

Monticello, Minn ... ___ ._. __ .... ___________ 1,997 891 3.3 

Clearwater, Minn •.• _______ .. _ ..•...... _. _ 2,015 936 2.5 

St. Cloud, Minn .•••.... _ ........•..•. _ .... 2,025 965 2.9 

W a tab, Minn ..... _ ...... _ ..•.•.... _ ..... _ 2,033 1,001 4.5 

Mouth of Platte River, Minn .. __ ........... 2,045 1,026 2.1 

Little Falls, Minn .... _____________ . _ ...... 2,060 1,090 4.3 

Mouth of Crow Wing River, Minn ..•....••. 2,085 1,145 2.2 

Brainerd, Minn ..••..........••••..•••..•. 2,095 1,150 0.5 

Aitkin ....•....•..•. _ ..•• ___ •• _ ••••••..•. 2,128 1,190 1.2 

Foot Grand Rapids ----------------------- 2, 182 1,248 1.1 

Mouth of Leech Lake River ..•....••....•.. 2,210 1,281 1.2 

Lake Winnebagoshish ..••••••.......••.••. 2,222 1,290 0.8 lEPemidgi .. --------------------------- 2,263 1,355 1.6 

Itasca •••..••..•..••.••. : ...•.••...•. 2,296 1,462 3.2 
GANNETT.] PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 41 

OHIO RIVER. 

Ohio River drains nearly all of the Allegheny Plateau from New 

York to Alabama. Its two head branches, the Allegheny and Monongahela, head respectively in southern New York and in West Virginia, 

and both these streams have a rapid descent to their point of junction 

at Pittsburg. From that point to Cairo, the mouth of the Ohio, the 

slope of the river is gentle, being, on an average, much less than that of 

the Mississippi between Minneapolis and Cairo. Its long course of over 

963 miles is broken by only one fall of importance, that at Louisville. 

Its drainage basin, including all its branches, is 201,720 square miles. 

Its branches upon the left come out of the Allegheny Plateau. 

Of these streams one, however, Kanawha River, heads far to the 

southeast of the plateau among the high mountains of western North 

Carolina, and after a tortuous and irregular course in these mountains 

and among the valley ridges under the name of New River, it crosses 

the Allegheny Front and cuts a tremendous gorge through the plateau. 

Just below its junction with the Gauley, its principal tributary, 

it flows over Kanawha Falls, caused by the presence of a bed of 

hard sandstone, lying nearly horizontal. From the foot of these falls 

its slope is greatly reduced, so that it is navigable to this point. The 

Greenbrier and Gauley, which are its main tributaries, have steep 

and irregular profiles. The Guyandot, Big Sandy, and Little Kanawha rivers, all of which are tributaries of the Ohio on the left, bead 

in the Allegheny Plateau and flow down canyons which they have 

cut in it. 

The profiles of the Ohio, Allegheny, and Clarion are from levels by 

the Corps of Engineers, U.S. A. That of the Ohio refers to ordinary 

low water. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Cairo, Ill --------------------------------- 0 277 

Hillerman, Ill---------------------------- 27 281 0.1 

Paducah, Ky _______ .•. __ . _. ______________ . 47 284 0.2 

Smithland, Ky __________ ..... _____ .. ______ 60 286 

Bay City, Ill .. ____ ._._ .•••... _ .. _ .•.... ___ 70 287 0.1 

Golconda, Ill ____ .. _ .• _ •. _____ . __ . ________ 80 290 

Rosiclare, IlL _______ . __ ....... _. __ ..•••. __ 91 290 0.1 

Weston, Ky .. _._ .. __ .. ___ .• _. _ . _. ___ ... ____ 107 295 

Caseyville, Ky . _ .. _. __ . _ ••.. _ .•• ___ . ______ 111 297 

Shawneetown, Ill -------·---------·---·--- 123 301 0.3 

Raleigh, Ind • ____ ........ -------------------- 130 302 =J Uniontown, Ky _. __ . __ .. __ -............... 140 306 --------
42 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

r- Locality. 

Mount Vern on, Ind ________ • _____________ _ 

West Franklin, Ind ______________________ _ 

Henderson, Ky __________________________ _ 

Evansville, Ind ______ . ___________________ _ 

Newburg, Ind. ___________________________ _ 

Enterprise, Ind _____________________ • ____ _ 

Owensboro, Ky ••.. ______________________ _ 

Rockport, Ind _____ • _______ . _ • _________ . __ _ 

Grandview, Ind . ___________ . _______ . ____ _ 

Lewisport, Ky _______________________ . ___ _ 

Troy, Ind. ___ • ______ . ___ . ________________ . 

Tell City, Ind • _ . _ . ______ . __ . ______ . ______ _ 

Hawsville, Ky .. __ . _ ..... ________ .. _. ____ _ 

Cloversport, Ky ___ .. ___ . ____ . ___ . _______ . _ 

Stevensport, Ind .•. _ . _ . __________ . __ .. ___ _ 

Derby, Ind .. ____________ . __________ . ____ _ 

Concordia, Ky _ ....• __ .. _____ . ______ .. _ .. _ 

Reno, Ind ___________________ . ______ . ____ . 

Alton, Ind . ___ . ______ . ___ ... _ . ______ .. ___ _ 

Leavenworth, Ky _. ___ .. __________ . _ . ____ _ 

New Amsterdam, Ind . ________ . ___ . __ . ___ _ 

Mauckport, Ind. ____________ . ____ . ______ .. 

Brandenburg, Ky ________________________ _ 

New Albany, Ind ________________________ _ 

Louisville, Ky __________ . ________________ _ 

Utica, Ind _______________________________ _ 

Herculaneum ___ . _____________________ . __ _ 

Bethlehem, Ind. _________________________ _ 

Madison; Ind __________________ . _________ . 

Carrollton, Ky ___________________________ _ 

Vevay, Ind ______________________________ _ 

Florence, Ind . ______________________ ..... . 

Warsaw, Ky _____________________________ _ 

Patriot, Ind ______________________________ _ 

Rising Sun, Ind _____________________ ..... . 

Aurora, Ind __________ . _________ . _________ • 

Lawrenceburg, Ind. ____________ . ____ . ____ _ 

Taylorsville, Ky _______________________ . __ • 

Anderson Ferry,KY-----------------------

Cincinnati, Ohio ________________________ .. 

New Palestine, Ohio _____________________ _ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

MileB. 

153 

165 

178 

190 

204 

219 

226 

235 

240 

244 

252· 

356 

260 

272 

283 

292 

297 

301 

305 

319 

327 

336 

338 

374 

378 

386 

396 

405 

423 

435 

443 

452 

454 

462 

474 

482 

486 

498 

504 

511 

528 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Fall per I 

mile. 

I 

Feet .. 

308 

312 

316 

318 

320 

326 

328 

330 

331 

333 

335 

337 

348 

340 

340 

343 

346 

346 

347 

349 

353 

354 

356 

367 

394 

395 

399 

399 

401 

404 

408 

411 

411 

413 

420 

425 

Feet. 

0.2 

0.3 

0.2 

0.4 

0.3 

0.3 

0.2 

0.2 

0.3 

6. 7 

0.2 

0.2 

0.3 

425 0. 5 

429 1--------

429 

431 0. 2 

437 
GANNETT.l OHIO RIVER. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Miles" Feet. 

New Richmond, Ohio--------------------- 532 438 

Point Plea.sant, Ohio . __ ... _ ..•.•... _ .... _. 537 439 

Moscow, Ohio---------------------------- 540 439 

Neville, Ohio .. ___ . _________ ._---·-. ____ .__ 544 440 

Chilo, Ohio . ___ .. ___ . __ ..•••. _ . ___ ... __ .. _ 549 441 

Utopia, Ohio •. _ ... ___ ... __ .•.•• ___ •• ______ 553 442 

Augusta, Ky ___ .... ___ . __ ... _ ... ___ ..• __ . _ 556 444 

Higginsport, Ohio .••.•....••....... _...... 558 445 

Dover,Ohio_______________________________ 564 446 

Ripley, Ohio __ •.. __ .. ___ .. _ ... __ .... _..... 566 447 

Maysville, Ky ___ .... _ .. ___ . __ . _. __ •. ___ . _ _ 576 448 

Manchester, Ohio ___ . _______ .. __ . _____ . _.. 587 451 

Wrightsville, Ohio ..••...••.•... _ ••...•. _. 593 454 

Rome, Ohio. ___ ... ___ .. _._ .. _. __ ._. __ .. _.. 600 457 

Buena Vista, Ohio_________________________ 611 460 

Rockport, Ky .... ___ ..... _. __ . __ .•••.. __ •. 614 461 

Quincy, Ky ____ ... __ . ______ .•• __ •..•..• _.. 618 464 

Portsmouth, Ohio .... _ ... _. _ ... __ .... __ . _ _ '630 468 

Sciotoville, Ohio ..............•.... _...... 638 4'72 

Greenup, Ky ..... __ . ______ • __ .. ___________ 651 478 

Ironton, Ohio----- __ . _______ . _______ ------ 660 483 

Ashland, Ky .•... _ . ______ •••• ___ .•• _ . . • • • . 665 486 

Ceredo, W. Va ---------------------------- 672 490 

Haskelville, Ohio._. ___ ... ___ ------ ____ •. __ -690 501 

Miller, Ohio ... _ ........ _. . . . . • • • • . . . • . . • . 692 501 

Gallipolis, Ohio. ___ .... __ .. _------. ___ .___ 717 511 

Ravenswood, W. V a .. _ ....•••.•••.. ____ . _ _ 7 44 544 

Portland, Ohio •.. __ .. ____ .• _ •.• ~ ~ ___ .. __ .. 7 49 546 

Parkersburg, W. Va ----------------------- 780 564 

Marietta, Ohio ....... _ .. _ •••.•• __ .. _ •... _. 792 57d 

Newport, Ohio·--------------------------- 807 579 

New Matamoras, Ohio. ___ . ___ . _______ .____ 822 588 

Sistersville, W. Va_________________________ 826 590 

Moundsville, W. Va ----------------------- 861 614 

Wheeling, W.Va.·------------------------ 871 622 

Burlington, Ohio • _. _ •. _ ... _. ____ . _. ___ .. _ _ 875 628 

Warrenton, 0 hio . ___ •• ___ ..... __ ... _ .. _ . _ _ 882 632 

Wellsburg, W. Va ••••.... __ ......... _ _ _ _ _ _ 889 635 

Steubenville, Ohio .••••• _. __ ... _ .. _. ____ .. _ 8\')6 641 

Wellsville, Ohio __ • ___ . _. _ .•. _. __ ... __ . _.. 915 656 

East Liverpool, Ohio . _ .. _ .••• _____ • _. __ .• _ 920 657 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.3 

0.2 

0.4 

0.4 

0.5 

0.6 

0.4 

1.1 

0.6 

0.5 

0.6 

0.7 

0.8 

0.7 

43 

Van port, Pa __ ••.. _ .. _ .. _ . _ .... ___ ..... __ . 935 669 _ •••• _ • _ 

'---B_ad _ Pittsburg, __ e_n_,P_a __ Pa ._--_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-- .• __ •.. _ .... __ .... _ ... ______ __ -_-~-----99-4~2~----67:73~~ . 01 .. 47 I 
44 PROFILES 0~' RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

ALLEGHENY RIVER. 

I Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth, Pittsburg .........• _ •...•••....... 0 

Sharpsburg .....•••.••.......•••..•••..... 5 

Pittsburg waterworks ............•••...•... 7 

I 

Springdale .....•••••...........•.......... 17 

Tarentum ...••.••....... _ .....•...••..•... 22 

Freeport---------------------------------- 30 

Mouth of Mahoning River .......•.••...... 55 

Mouth of Red Bank River . _ ...........•••• 64 

I Mouth of Clarion River .. _ ........•.....•. 85 lE of Eaot Sandy Creek .... ------------ 118 

h of French Creek ......•............. 123 

CLARION RIVER. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth .•••••......... __ .. _ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . 0 

Big falls ..•••••.. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

Turnip Hole...... . ..........••... _...... 12 

Callens burg .................. __ .......... _ 18 

Clarion ....••. _ • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Mill Creek ••..•.•. _ ....... _ ...... _ . . . . . . . . 38 

State road ......•• __ ......... __ ........ _ . . 42 

Hemlock ••••..••........ __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Cooksburg_. ___ . _ .................. _ . . . . . . 48 

Clarington ...... _ .......... ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Millstone . __ .... __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

Spring Creek .• _._ .......... _.............. 69 

Peach Bottom • __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 

Portland shoals ........ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

696 

704 

710 

721 

728 

744 

797 

821 

862 

953 

969 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

862 

882 

932 

992 

1,042 

1,062 

1,080 

1,095 

1,114 

1,156 

1,181 

1,255 

1,328 

1,378 

[NO, 44. 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

------ 1.6 

3.0 

1.1 

1.4 

2.0 

2. 1 

2. 7 

2.0 

2.8 

I 

3.2 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

6. 7 

5.6 

10.0 

3.6 

3.3 

4.5 

3.8 

9.5 

8.4 

5.0 

6. 7 

iU 3 
GANNETT.] KENTUCKY STREAMS. 

ROUGH RIVER. 

[From levels of the Corps of Engineers, U.S.. A.] 

Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth, Livermore ..•......... ________ ..... 0 

Hartford--------------------------------- 28 

Hedge River __ . _____ . ____________________ _ 45 

Comb of Hines dam_. ___ . ________________ _ 55 

Comb of Landrum dam._ .. __ . ____________ _ 72 

Comb of Greens dam ____ . _. _____ . _ .. _____ _ 81 

105 

114 

I :rank milL .. _ .. _________________________ _ 

Lton mill _______ ----------------------

BIG SANDY RIVER. 

[From levels by the Corps of Engineers, U.S. A.l 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Catlettsburg . _____________ .. ______ . _. _. _ _ _ 0 

White Creek landing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 

I :u~m ferry .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 

~a·----------------------------------- 26 

LOUISA FORK. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

17 

31 

44 

57 

79 

89 

101 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

488 

502 

504 

515 

Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. 

45 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.6 

0.8 

1.3 

0.8 

2.4 

_Ej 3 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

1.8 

~ 9 

Fall per mile. I 

Distance Height 

----1-1-1-~ 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Louisa.___________________________________ 0 515 

Peach Orchard_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 539 1.4 

Red House shoal . ___ . ___ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 563 2.4 

Paintville. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 576 1.4 

Preston burg _________ . ____ . ________ , _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 596 1.3 

-~ Lanesville __ . _____ --- ____ .. -- ________ .. ___ 72 

Piketon---------------------------------- 87 

627 1.6 

649 1.5 
46 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

TUG FORK. 

Locality. 

Louisa. _________________________________ •• 

Falls, head ____________________________ . _ . _ 

le shoal. ____________________________ _ 

eld _________________________________ _ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

11 

20 

35 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

515 

538 

551 

577 

[NO, 44. 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

2. 1 

1.4 

1.7 

--~------~--------~----~ 

GUYANDOT RIVER. 

[From levels by the Corps of Engineers, U. 8. A.] 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

Mouth ____ • ______ .• _ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 497 

Fall per I mile. 

Feet. 

Rogers milL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 523 2. 0 

Salt Rock dam _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 539 1. 3 

Falls • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31· 549 1. 7 

Laurel shoals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 562 1. 2 

Lambert mill ___________ . _______________ .• 54 584 1. 8 

Big Creek shoaL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 599 1. 5 

I ::eck mill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 627 :· ~ I 

~----_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-~-------8-2~----64--5--~ 

KANAWHA AND NEW RIVERS. 

[From levels by the Corps of Engineers, U. 8. A.] 

Locality. 

Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth at Point Pleasant __________________ _ 0 510 

Eighteen-mile ripple _______ .•.. __________ _ 18 517 0.4 

25 524 1.0 

36 532 0.7 

Near St. Albans. __________ •.•. __________ .. 44 540 1.0 

Tyler shoal ______________________________ _ 55 549 0.8 

Charleston. _________________________ • ____ _ 58 555 2.0 

Brownstown _____________________________ .

1 68 557 0.2 
GANNETT.] WEST VIRGINIA AND VIRG INI.A RIVERS. 47 

KANAWHA AND NEW RIVERS-continued. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. month. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Cabin Creek ___________________ • ____ .• _ •.. 74 565 1.3 

Paint Creek _______________________________ 80 572 1.2 

Cannelton ___ . _ .. __ .•. _____________ ... ____ 85 585 2.6 

Foot of Kanawha falls _. _____ ..... ___ ..... 95 617 3.2 

Mouth of Gauley River ___ • _____ ... _ .. ____ 98 650 11.0 

117 1,000 18.4 

129 1,100 8.3 

143 1,200 7.1 

155 1,300 8.3 

172 1,400 5.9 

Mouth of East River __ • ____ •• _______ •• ___ . 193 . 1,500 I 

4.8 

Ripplemead .......• ___ •........... _. __ ... 211 1,600 5.6 

Church wood .. ________ . __ .•....... _ .. __ ... 229 1,700 5.6 

' I 

253 1,800 4.2 I Mouth of Reed Creek ___________ • ___ . _ . __ . I 280 1,900 3. 7 

293 2,000 7. 7 

299 2,100 16.6 

306 2,200 14.3 

Daughten ford _____________ •• _ .••• _. _ .• __ . 330 2,300 4.2 

Bridle Creek .. ___ •.....• __ . _ ......••. _ .... 348 2,400 5.6 

W eaversford, forks ... _ ........•.•••...•... 356 2,500 . 12.5 

I 

376 2,600 5.0 

392 2, 700 6.3 I 

-
48 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [N0.44. 

GAULEY RIVER. 

[From the atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey.] 

I I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. I 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ___________________________________ 0 650 ·------- 10 700 5.0 

15 800 20.0 

19 900 25.0 

23 1,000 25.0 

26 1,100 33.3 

30 1,200 25.0 

33 1,300 33.3 

I 

37 1,400 25.0 

40 1,500 33.3 

45 1,600 20.0 

49 1,700 25.0 

56 1,800 14.3 

60 1,900 25.0 

65 2,000 20.0 I 

74 2,100 11.1 

83 2,200 11.1 

93 2,300 10.0 

95 2,400 50.0 

. 

99 2,500 25.0 

I Head ------------------------------------ 109 4,000 150 

I 

GREENBRIER RIVER. 

[From the atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey.] 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. I mouth. sea. 

I Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Hinton. ___________________________ 0 1,350 -------- 5 1,400 10.0 

17 1,500 8.3 

31 1,600 7.1 

Near Caldwell ______ ••••• __________ --- - - -- 48 1, 700 5.9 

51 1,800 33.3 

69 1,900 5.6 

I 86 2,000 5.9 

97 2,100 9.1 
GANNETT.) LITTLE KANAWHA AND TENNESSEE RIVERS. 

LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER. 

[From levels by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.] 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Parkersburg __ ••• _____ • ______ . ______ . _ _ _ _ _ 0 

Leach town ___ • _______________ ..... __ .. _ _ _ 14 

Elizabeth •••••• _ .. _ ..... _____ ... _ .. _ .. __ . 26 

Buffington shoals ... · _______ . __ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 

Nailor bend ... __ . _. _ ...... ________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 

Mouth of Anna Maria Creek _ ... _______ .. _ _ 64 

Mouth of Pine Creek ....... _. ___ . ________ . 76 

Grantsville . _ .•..• _. _ .. __ ..... ____ . ______ . 78 

Acre Island_ .... _____ . ____________ .. ____ . _ 86 

Cedar Creek ... _ . _ . __ ... _ . ____ . _____ ..... _ 96 

Glenville ...•...•. _____ . _. __________ .. _ .. _ 103 

Stout mill . _ .. ____ . ________ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

564 

579 

601 

613 

628 

640 

655 

661 

672 

688 

696 

724 

742 

Fall per 

mile. 

Feet. 

1.1 

1.8 

0.7 

1.5 

1.2 

1.3 

3.0 

1.4 

1.6 

1.1 

2.5 

2.3 J ~u~berport _________ ..... ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 

Lwn---------------------------,------ --1-30_c__ ___ , __ _ 761 2.4 

TENNESSEE RIVER. 

49 

Tennessee River heads in many branches, under a variety o:f topographic conditions, in the Appalachian Valley and in the mountains 

of western North Carolina. Certain of the heads o:f the Tennesseethe Hiwassee, the Little Tennessee with its branches, the Nantahala, 

Tuckaseegee, Big Pigeon, French Broad, and Nolichucky-rise in 

this region. Among the mountains their courses are steep, and they 

emerge into the Appalachian Valley through gorges cut in the Great 

Smoky range. Below these gorges their slopes are comparatively 

gentle. 

Other o:f its head streams, including the Holston, with its branches, 

and the Clinch and Powell rivers, head in southwest Virginia in the 

Appalachian Valley, and their courses, for the most part, :follow down 

~~eondary valleys on limestone :formations, in which they have established gentle slopes .. Here and there, however, these streams cut their 

way across valley ridges :from one of these secondary valleys to its 

neighbor, and in these water gaps the uniformity o:f their slopes is 

interrupted and rapids and falls result. 

Tennessee River is formed by the union o:f the Holston and French 

Broad rivers, a :few miles above Knoxville. From the point o:f junction it flows southwest down the Appalachian Valley to Chattanooga. 

Here it turns abruptly westward. cutting through the Cumberland 

IRR44-01-4 
50 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

Plateau. A few miles below, it receives the waters of Sequatchie 

River. This stream flows in a southwest course throughout, draining 

a portion of the plateau. 

The Tennessee River below Knoxville has a gentle slope, averaging 

not more than a foot to a mile as far as Mussel shoals. Here the river 

:flows over a succession o.f beds of hard limestone, which have retarded 

its work of erosion and given rise to rapids known as Big and Little 

Mussel and Colbert shoals. Below the latter the river has a very 

slight fall, averaging only about three-tenths of a foot to a mile. 

The drainage basin of Tennessee River, including all its branches, is 

43,897 square miles. 

The profile of Tennessee River is from levels by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. Those of its branches, the Sequatchie, Hiwassee, 

Little Tennessee, Nantahala, Tuckaseegee, French Broad, Big Pigeon, 

Nolichucky, Holston, Powell, and Clinch rivers, have been made up 

from the atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey. 

Locality. 

Paducah .. _._. ____ ._ ...... _. __ ............ _ 

Johnsonville ..... _ ... _____ ............... -

Riverton . _ ..... __ .. _________ . __ . ____ .... . 

Colbert shoals _ .. _ ... ___ .. _ ... _. ___ .. _ .. __ 

Florence ..... _ ...... _ ... _ . _ .. _ .......... -

Little Mussel shoals _ . _ .... ___ ... _ .. _ . _ ... . 

Lock No. 1 _ .......... _. ____ .. _ ... _ ...... . 

Lock B _ ....... __ . _____ .. _ .. _ .. _ . _ .... __ . 

Milton bluff ... _ .. ______ . __ ... _ .. _ .. ___ ... 

Decatur .... _ ... __ .. _ . _ . _ . ___ .. _ ... _ ... __ 

Guntersville _ . _ . ____ .... _ ................ . 

Bridgeport. ___ ........ _ . _ ... _ ... -... ---.. . 

Shellmound .. ___ .... _________ . _ . _______ . _ 

The Skillet _______ . ______ . _____ . ___ . _ .... _ 

The Suck __ . _ . _____________ . _ .. ______ . ___ . 

Chattanooga Creek _________ . _ . ___ .. _ .. _ • _. 

Chattanooga . __ .. ___ . _ . _____ .... __ .... _ .. . 

Charleston_ . ________ . ____ . ______ . ____ . _ .. . 

Rockwood . ___ . ____________ . ___ .. _ . __ .... . 

Kingston . _____ _. __________________________ i 

Loudon .. _ . ____ . _________ . ______________ _ 

Knoxville _ .... ______________ . _ ....... -.. . 

Head, junction Holston and French Broad 

rivers . ___ .. __ •• _ ... _ ...... _ .... __ .•• __ • 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

95 

225 

233 

255 

259 

275 

283 

285 

303 

347 

402 

412 

436 

440 

448 

452 

508 

541 

556 

579 

635 

639 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

286 

315 

358 

384 

396 

418 

503 

509 

523 

529 

531 

593 

598 

606 

613 

626 

631 

684 

699 

712 

736 

806 

810 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.3 

0.3 

3.3 

0.6 

5.5 

5.3 

0.8 

7.0 

0.3 

0.1 

1.1 

0.5 

0.3 

1.8 

1.6 

1.3 

0.9 

0.5 

0.9 

1.0 

1.3 

1.0 
GANNETT.] TENN.I£SSEE RIVERS. 

SEQUATCHIE RIVER. 

I Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Mouth _______________________ ..• ___________ 

Near Dtmla p, Tenn. __ •.• _ ••.•••. __ • _ . _____ 

HIWASSEE RIVER. 

Locality. 

Miles. 

0 

32 

45 

61 

71 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth----------~------------------------- 0 

Bean Mountain Canyon _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 

Narrows •.•.. _ .. __ • _ .••••• __ •...•••. _ .... _ 50 

54 

Murphy ••••..• _____ • _ .• _ •• ___ . __ • __ . _. _ _ _ 84 

Hayesville •.••• _______ . _. __ ••••. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 

Above Hiwassee _. ______ . _ .. _. __ . __ _ __ _ _ _ _ 116 

Head_____________________________________ 126 

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER. 

I Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth at Lenoir, Term __ •.. __ . ___ . _. ______ 0 

Morgantown •••••••••.••••• _ .••. ___ .. ____ . 12 

35 

40 

43 

47 

55 

65 

Mouth of Tuckaseegee River .. _ ..•.• ______ . 71 

Mouth of Nantahala River ... ____ .. ___ ._ ... 77 

82 

I 

Above Franklin ••••••• ____________________ , 104 

Rabun Gap, head ••.... _________ . ____ . ___ .I 118 

i I 

51 

Height Fall per above mile. sea. 

---

Feet. Feet. 

595 -------- 700 3.3 

800 7. 7 

900 6.25 

1,000 10.0 

Height 

above Fall P" I mile. sea. I 

Feet. Feet. 

662 

700 0.9 

1,000 21.4 

1,200 50.0 

1,500 10.0 

1,800 14.3 

2,000 18.2 

3,800 180.0 

Height Fall per above. mile. sea. 

Feet. Feet. 

750 -------- 800 4.2 

900 4.3 

1,000 20.0 

1,100 33.3 

1,200 25.0 

1,300 12.5 

1,400 10.0 

1,500 16.6 

1,550 8.3 

1,700 30.0 

2,000 i£U 2,200 3 
52 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [No. 44. 

NANTAHALA RIVER. 

Distance I Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ··--------------------------------- 0 1,550 ·------- 6 1,700 25.0 

11 2,000 60.0 

17 2,500 83.3 

25 

I 

3,000 40.0 

Ilead •••••••..••.••••••••••••.••.••••••••• 40 4,200 80.0 

TUCKASEEGEE RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ••....... __ . _ .. __ ........ _ . _ .... ___ 0 1,500 -------- Bryson _ ...... ____ .. _ .... _ ....... _____ .. __ 10 1, 753 15.3 

Dillsboro _ ....... _ ••.... _ ....... _ ...... _ .. 27 2,000 14.5 

I Tuckaeeegee •• ---......... ---••• ---• ---... 39 2,184 15.3 

J 48 2,700 57.3 

FRENCH BROAD RIVER. 

I Locality. 

, ___ _ Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet 

~outh, Knoxville ••••••................... 0 810 

38 1,000 5.0 

Delrio .. _ • . . . . __ .. _ . _ .. __ . _ .. __ .. _ .. __ .. __ 49 1,100 9.1 

Paint Rock __ ..... _ ·- ..... __ ........ _ . _ .. __ 56 1,200 14.3 

Barnard • __ ..... ___ . __ .. ___ .. _ ....... ____ _ 76 1,500 15.0 

Alexander .... ____ .... __ ... ____ . __ ... __ .. _ 92 1,800 18.7 

Above Asheville __ .. __ . _ .... __ ....... _ ... _ 111 2,000 10.5 

Ilorseshoe ••... ___ ... _ . __ . _ •. _ •. _ . __ ..... _ 128 2,100 5.8 

160 2,200 3.1 

Sassafras gap, head •... __ .• __ ._ •••••••••... 169 2,800 66.6 
'1ANNETT.] NORTH CAROLINA AND TENNESSEE RIVERS. 53 

BIG PIGEON RIVER. 

I I Distance Height Fall per Locality. I from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

! 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

}Iouth ----------------------------------- 0 980 --------

I 

6 1,000 3.3 

16 1,100 6.2 

State line, Tennessee and North ~arolina ___ 24 1,200 12.5 

26 1,300 50.0 

30 1,400 25.0 

34 1,500 25.0 

38 1,600 25.0 

43 I, 700 20.0 

49 1,800 16.6 

50 1,900 100.0 

51 2,000 100.0 

54 2, 100 33.3 

55 2,200 100.0 

56 2,300 100.0 

58 2,400 50.0 

69 2,500 9.1 

74 2,600 gj 80 2, 700 6 Ilead _____________________________________ 91 5,500 5 

NOLICHUCKY RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

}Iouth . _ . _ .. ___ .•••.... _ .•.•. _____ ... __ . _ 0 975 -------- 30 1,100 4.2 

Bird bridge ........••••..•••..•........... 45 1,200 6.6 

Ilenshaw ..........•.. ------ .••..... ·.- .... 53 1,300 12.5 

63 1,400 10.0 

Near Conkling __ .•••••••...• _ •••. _. _ •... __ 75 1,500 8.3 

85 1,600 10.0 

90 1, 700 20.0 

94 1,800 25.0 

96 1,900 50.0 

99 2,000 33.3 

101 2,100 50.0 

102 I 2,200 100.0 

104 2,300 50.0 

Junction North and South Toe rivers •• _. _ .. 118 2,400 7.1 

I 

123 2,500 

~ 140 3,000 4 

Ilead South Toe River ............ _ .... _ ... 143 5,000 I 
54 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED S'l'ATES. [No, 44. 

HOLSTON RIVER. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, near Knoxville. ___ .. _ .•.•. _ ... __ , ... 0 810 -------- Near Morristown. ______________ . __________ . 78 900 1.2 

Spears. _____________ . _______ . ___ .. _. _ .... _ 105 1,000 3. 7 

I Rotherwood ______________________________ 117 1,100 8.3 

I 

143 1,156 2.2 

SOUTH FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth----------------~------------------ 0 1,156 -------- 11 1,200 4.0 

Mouth of Watauga River---- •• ----•.•••••. 16 1,300 20.0 

Bluff ___ ... __ ...•••.... _ ..••.•.••••.•.• -•. 28 1,400 8.3 

41 1,500 7. 7 

Mouth of Fifteen-mile Creek ..••••••••••••. 54 1, 700 15.4 

Mouth of Middle Fork •••••••••••••••••••. 62 1,900 25.0 

I 

74 2,100 

86 2,500 

~ 3 

NORTH FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Rotherwood . _ .•••....••••••••••.•. 0 1,156 -------- 11 1,200 4.0 

21 1,300 10.0 

37 1,400 6.25 

50 1,500 7. 7 

64 1,700 14.3 l Head.----------------------------------- "I 

82 2,000 

92 3,000 

~ 0 
GANNETT.] VIRGINIA AND TENNESSEE RIVERS. 55 

MIDDLE FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

I 

Miles. Feet. 

Mouth 

Seven-mile ----------------------------------- ford _________ .................. 24 

0 1,900. 

2,000 --~--1 

i£J Head ........ _ .. _ .......... _ ......... _ . _ .. 44 2,500 0 

POWELL RIVER. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth---···----------------------------- 0 900 -------- 33 1,000 3.03 

61 1,100 3.6 

Near Jonesville, V a __ . __ . __ ..... _ .. _ ...... 91 1,200 3.3 

103 1,300 8.3 

~ne Gap ---------------------------- 117 1,500 EJ Norton .. _ .. _ ....... _ .. __ .. _ ...... _ .. 129 2,000 6 

CLINCH RIVER. 

I Distance Height I 

I Fall per Locality. from above I mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Kingston ..... _ ..... _._ ....... _ .... 0 712 -------- Clinton ..... _ .. __ ..... _ ... _ ... ____ .. _. ____ 52 800 1.7 

Near Mouth of Powell River-------------- 88 900 2.8 

116 1,000 3.6 

Sneed ville ....... ___ •.... _ .•.....•••.•.... 128 1,100 8.3 

155 1,200 3.7 

Dungannon .... _ ..... _ ......••.•.•••...... 177 1,300 4.5 

Near St. Paul ..... ___ ...... _ .....•.••.. ___ . 187 1,400 10.0 

Artrip ..........•. _ .............•......... 207 1,500 5.0 

I Near Tazewell ____________________________ 

234 2,000 

249 2,500 

~I 3 

CUMBERLAND RIVER. 

Cumberland River heads in the Cumberh1nd Plateau in southeastern 

Kentucky and :flows southwestward in a broad curve down into Ten-
51' I) PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [~o. 4-L 

nessee, and thence northwestward to its junction with the Ohio. The 

steep slope near its head is quickly reduced, and over much the greater 

part of its course its average descent is scarcely 1 foot to a mile, 

although it is interrupted in several places by slight rapids. 

Its drainage basin comprises 18,573 square miles. 

The profile is mainly from levels of the Engineer Corps, U.S. A. 

Distance Height Locality. Fall pe': from above 

mouth. sea. mile: 

.iJfiles. Feet . Feet. 

Mouth ----------·---------------------·-- 0 286 

C.O.& S. W. R. R. bridge .... __________ ._._ 30 293 0.2 

Glenwood landing -- .............. -... ---- ........... ---...... 34 294 0.3 

Eddyville -------- ...... ------- ....... -.. -- ......... -...... 42 296 0.3 

Commerce landing ________________________ 49 299 0.4 

Empire landing . __________________________ 54 302 0.6 

Blight landing __ . _______________ . _____ ... _ 58 304 0.5 

Canton _ .... ______ ... __ . __________________ 61 306 0. 7 

Linton --------- ···----------------------- 72 309 0.3 

Brandon landing _. _____ ................... 81 312 0.3 

Carney landing .... _ . _ .................... 91 319 0. 7 

Cumberland City ----·-------------------- 104 325 0.5 

Yell ow Creek tow head .. ____ .....•........ 109 327 0.4 

Palmyra •.••.............................. 115 328 0.2 

Clarksville ................................ 126 331 0.3 

Seven-mile Island •.. _____ .. _ ............. _ 132 334 0.5 

Harrison landing_ •....... _ .... _ ... __ ..... _ 143 341 0.6 

Harpeth shoals ----------------------·---- 156 352 0.8 

Hickman ferry ............................ 166 363 1.1 

Robertson Island. _________ . __ . ____ ..... _._ 177 364 0.1 

Nashville_ ........ ________ . ____ ......... _ . 189 366 0.2 

Donelson ford .................................................................. 206 374 0.5 

Lindsey Island .... _ .. __ . _ ... _____ ...... __ - 223 387 0.8 

Gallatin ___ .... ____ ... _ .... _ .... __ . _ ...... 236 392 0.4 

Cunningham Island ............. _ ......... ~47 399 0.6 

Buzzard Island -.. - .... -........................ -- .... -... -- .. -- 257 404 0.5 

Whitley Island .......... _ .. _ ............. 265 410 0.8 

Hartsville ---------- ...... ------------------..... 276 415 0.5 

Bradley Island_ . __ ..... _ . _ ..............•. 284 423 1.0 

Lovell Island _ . __ .... __ ......... __ ... __ ... 294 432 0.9 

Carthage ••.••••.......... _ .. _ . _ .........• 305 440 0.7 

Beasley bar ....... _ ...............•....... 318 448 0.6 

Sullivan Island --------------------------- 323 450 0.4 

Salt Lick Island ..•......................•. 339 461 0. 7 
GANNETT.] CU:MBERL.A.ND .AND KENTUCKY RIVERS. 57 

~-~- I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. I mouth. sea. 

I 

I Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Tackett Island ____________________________ 345 466 0.8 

Simpson Island ____________ ..... ____ .. ____ 353 475 1.1 

Rose bar---------------------------------- 364 478 0.3 

Butler landing ______________ . _____________ 373 489 1.2 

Kentucky and Tennessee boundary _________ 386 497 0.6 

Sulphur Lick shoaL ______ . ______ .. ________ 393 502 0. 7 

Stalcup Island . ___ .. ______________________ 407 508 0.4 

Cloyd Island .. _____________ . _____ .. _______ 410 513 1.7 

ctreen Island----------------------------- 432 527 0.6 

Spearman Island·------------------------- 439 529 0.3 

Wells Island- _ -- - - - --.. - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - --I 450 535 0.5 

Blankenship Island ___ . _________ . _____ . ___ 457 542 1.0 

Long Bottom Island. _______________ . ______ 461 546 1.0 

Belks Island _ . ________ . ______ . ______ . _ .. __ 472 554 0. 7 

ctauns Island __ . _____ . ____ . _ . ______ . __ .... 487 570 i. 1 

Ford Island __ ... ______ .. ______ . _ . ____ . ____ 507 580 0.5 

513 585 0.8 

Point Burnside •. ___ . __ •••• _ .••• __ •... ___ ._ 516 586 0.3 

548 700 3.6 

558 800 10.0 

Williamsburg. __ .. _ .. ___ ..•. _. _ •..... -.-- - 587 900 3.4 

Prineville ____ . ___________ - -. _ - - - __ . - _ -- - -- 645 1,000 

Forks, Mount Pleasant . ____ . ____ . _. __ . ___ . 678 1,100 

~ 0 

KENTUCKY RIVER. 

Kentucky River, like the Big Sandy, Guyandot, and Little Kanawha, 

heads in the Allegheny Plateau. Its h~ad branches have steep slopes 

in the plateau, becoming more gentle in the Blue Grass country. 

The profile is from levels by the Engineer Corps, U. S. A. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Mues. 

Mouth . _. ___ . __ . _______ . _______________ . _ 0 

Frankfort. ________________ . _______ ._______ 65 

Beattyville . ________ . _______________ . _ _ _ _ _ 254 

Mouth, Middle Fork. ___ ._._. _____ .. _____ ._ 258 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

410 

452 

636 

638 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.6 

_Ej 5 
58 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [No, 44. 

MIDDLE FORK OF KENTUCKY RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. 

Mouth ------·------------------·--------- 0 

Mouth of War Creek ___________ . __________ 24 

Troublesome Creek _____________________ --- 54 

Brashear's salt works ______________________ 120 

NORTH FORK OF KENTUCKY RIVER. 

I Distance 

Locality. from Leatherwood. 

Miles. 

Mouth of Leatherwood Creek ______________ 0 

Mouth of Rockhouse Creek ________________ 9 

Gum Spring ______________________________ 21 

Whitesburg_------ _____________ -----_----- 27 

~h of Boone Fork ..••••.....•••••••.•• 38 

d Gap _______________________________ 45 

SOUTH FORK OF KENTUCKY RIVER. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from Leatherwood. 

Miles. 

Feet. 

638 

681 

731 

935 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

935 

994 

1,088 

1,141 

1,252 

2,427 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

Beattyville _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 636 

Booneville____________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 661 

Feet. 

-------- 1.8 

£J 1 

Fall per mile. 

I 

Feet. 

-------- 6.6 

7.8 

8.8 

~ 9 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

2. 1 I ~e~. Bird __ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 767 ~· ~ I 

~s-_F_o_rk __ -_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_·~------6-9--~---8-42~~ 

WABASH RIVER. 

This branch of Ohio River, having a drainage basin of 33,725 square 

miles, heads in northwestern Ohio and flows west and south to its 

mouth, after a course of 517 miles. 

The profiles of Wabash and Eel rivers were compiled by Mr. Frank 

Leverett. 
GANNETT.) W ABASll, EEL, AND :MUSKINGUM RIVERS. 

I 

I 

Locality. 

Mouth ___ •• _ . _____ .• _____ . ___________ • _ •. 

Mouth of Little Wabash. _______ . ____ ... _ .. 

Grayville ______________ . _________ . _______ _ 

Mouth of White River._. ________ . __ . _____ _ 

Vincennes _____ . _______ . ____ ·_ . _____ . __ . _, .. 

Hutsonville _________ . ___________ .• _. _ .. __ . 

State line ___ . ____________ . _______________ _ 

Terre Haute ____ • ___ •. _ . ________ • ___ .. -.. -

Covington ________ •.. ___ . _______ • ______ ... 

Attica __ .... __ . ____ .••. _ . ___ . _ ..... _ - - - - - . 

Lafayette _ . ____ . __ .•• _ .• __ • _______ • _ • ____ . 

Logansport ________ •..• _________ • __ • _____ . 

Mouth of Mississinewa River ___ .••• __ .. _ .. 

Mouth of Salamonie River ________________ . 

Huntington. _______ . ___ . ____ • ____________ _ 

Source_ ...... -. - _ - - -. - --.- - - -- - - - - ----- -- - -

EEL RIVER. 

Locality. 

Mouth at Logansport •••• _. _ .•• _________ •• _ 

Railroad bridge in Miami County ----... ---- North Manchester ___ . __ . ___ . __ . _ . _____ • ___ 

Liberty mills ------·---------------------- Collamer ____ . ______ •. __________ • _______ .. 

Columbia. ________ ••. _____________ ._. _____ 

Source ________ . __ .•• ___ . __ .... _ .• __ .... _ .. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

16 

62 

90 

122 

168 

197 

212 

267 

287 

312 

362 

382 

402 

417 

517 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

30 

45 

50 

58 

70 

85 

MUSKINGUM RIVER. 

Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth •• ___ . ___ . _ . ___ . __ . ________ . __ .. - _ .. 0 

Foot of Zanesville dam _____ .• __ • _____ . _ .. _ 75 

Dresden ____________________ .. __ . ____ .. _ .. 91 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

311 

323 

365 

377 

399 

425 

441 

448 

470 

487 

506 

583 

636 

667 

699 

1,000 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

583 

688 

721 

750 

768 

816 

850 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

570 

674 

700 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.8 

0.9 

0.4 

0. 7 

0.6 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.9 

0.8 

1.5 

2. 7 

1.6 

2.1 

3.0 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

3.5 

2.2 

5.8 

2.3 

4.0 

2.3 

Fall per mile. 

59 

--~~:__~ 1.4 

I 

1.6 
60 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

MIAMI RIVER. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

~outh------------------------------------ 0 ~iddleton . ___ •••• ___ •• _ • _______ • __ • ___ ••• 55 

I>ayton ---------------·--·---------------- 77 

Piqua------------------------------------ 108 

Source ..• --------------------------------- 158 

ILLINOIS RIVER. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

427 

656 

. 725 

840 

972 

(NO. 44. 

Fall per 

mile. 

Feet. 

4.2 

3.1 

3. 7 

2.6 

lllinois River rises near the head of Lake Michigan and :flows nearly 

southwest to its mouth, just above Alton. The slope of this river is 

very slight, being much less than that of the Mississippi above the 

mouth of the Illinois, its fall being only 110 feet in 324 miles, or about 

three-tenths of a foot per mile. 

The profile is from levels by the Engineer Corps, U.S. A. 

Locality. 

~outh ----------------------------------- Peru, Ill ________________ . _ . _____ • _. _ • _ . ___ 

Little ~ock ferry ________ . _______ . __ . _____ . 

Utica, Ill --------------------------------- Starved Rock __ ..... ___ . _ .. __________ . ___ . 

Buffalo Rock._ .. ___ . ___ . _________ . __ • ____ . 

Ottawa, Ill _____ .... ___ .. _____ . ____ . _____ . __ 

~arseilles, Ill .•......... __ .. ____ . _ .. _ • __ .. 

Ballards Island. _ ......... __ ... _ ... _______ . 

Seneca, Ill _. ____ ....... _ ..... _. ___ . __ .... __ 

S. & K. R. R. bridge._ .............. _ .•... -. 

~orris, Ill . ____ .. ___ .......... __ ... ___ . __ •. 

Aux Sable township ...... _ .. ___ ... ___ . _ ... 

Kankakee feeder .• _ ...... __ ... __ • _ • _ •• _ . _ . 

Adams dam. ____ •. _ ...•.....•... ___ ••• ___ . 

Upper dam, Joliet. _. ___ .• _ ... __ . _. _ ....... 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

261 

.265 

266 

268 

271 

277 

284 

285 

289 

293 

300 

305 

310 

324 

325 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

405 

440 

446 

448 

454 

459 

463 

475 

477 

484 

486 

492 

496 

501 

515 

531 

Fall per 

mile. 

Feet. 

0.1 

1.5 

2.0 

3.0 

1.7 

0.7 

1.7 

2.0 

1.8 

0.5 

0.9 

0.8 

1.0 

1.0 

16.0 
GA.NNETT.) ILLINOIS AND TEXAS RIVERS. 61 

ROCK RIVER. 

This stream heads in southern Wisconsin and flows south and southwest to its junction with the Mississippi at Rock Island. Although 

its profile is gentle throughout, it affords a number of fine water powers, several of which have been improved. 

Its drainage basin is 9, 792 square miles. 

The profile is from the report on Water Power of the Tenth Census. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet . . Feet. 

Mouth at Rock Island, IlL _________________ 0 541 I -------- Mouth of Green River _____ . _______________ 12 556 1.3 

Mouth of Rock Creek _____________________ 36 574 0.8 

Mouth of Elkhorn Creek __________________ 65 601 0.9 

Mouth of Leaf River ___________ . ___________ 113 669 1.4 

Mouth of Kishwaukee Creek. ______________ 126 692 1.8 

Mouth of Pecatonica River ________________ 151 716 1.0 

Mouth of Catfish River ___________ . ________ 181 773 1.9 

~tkinson------ ---------------------- 199 784 

t Lake Horicon _ . _ . _ . _____ . ___ . _ .. _ .. 261 861 

~ 2 

RED RIVER. 

The Red River of Texas has its source in the northern part of the 

Staked Plains. Its course for several hundred miles is a little south 

of east, along the northern boundary of Texas. At Fulton, Arkansas, 

it turns southeast and retains that general course to its mouth. 

Throughout most of its course this river is graded, with ·a slope of 

only a few tenths of a foot to the mile, and along the south boundary 

of Indian Territory its slope is less than 2 feet per mile. 

The drainage basin of Red River is 89,970 square miles, and its length 

considerably exceeds 1,000 miles. 

. The profile is derived in part from the levels of the Engineer Corps, 

U. S. A., and in part from levels by the United States Geological 

Survey. 
62 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

,- Locality. 

Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

• lfiles. Feet. Feet . 

Mouth __________________________________ _ 0 4 

Barbre landing _____________________ .... ___ . 7 4 0.0 

Black River _______________________ . _____ _ 35 6. 0.1 

Ware landing ____________________ " _____ . __ 67 24 0.6 

Cassandria __________ . ______ . ___________ . __ 81 34 0. 7 

Casa landing _____________________________ _ 97 36 0.1 

.Alexandria ______________________________ _ liS 42 0.3 

Colfax_.- ___ • . . . • . . _____________________ • _ 152 52 0.3 

Bell landing __ • __ . ________ • __________ . __ . _ 165 58 0.5 

St. Maurice ___ •• __________ . __ •. ____ • _____ _ 181 69 0. 7 

Tessier landing. _________ . _ . _____ . _ • __ . ___ _ 188 72 0.4 

Le Compte bluffs. ___ ._. ___________ ._. ____ _ 211 86 0.6 

Coushatta __ • __ . ____ . _______________ •.• ___ _ 237 96 0.4 

Nicock bayou _____ . ______________________ _ 273 125 0.8 

Locust landing ___________________________ _ 305 131 0.2 

Shreveport ___ • __________________________ _ 327 138 0.3 

Pandora bend. _____ .. _________ . __________ _ 339 148 0.8 

Cottonwood bayou _. __ . __________________ _ 357 168 1.1 

Elmer slough ___ •• __ . ________ • ___________ _ 375 179 0.6 

Kouns canal ••• _ ••••••• __ • ____ • __________ _ 386 182 0.3 

Blanton bluff _______ . __________ . ________ • _ 398 186 0.3 

Collins bluff __ . ___ . _______________ • ______ _ 407 188 0.2 

Dukes bend landing ______________________ _ 420 192 0.3 

Booker landing _______ . ______________ . ___ _ 448 197 0.2 

Garland ____ • _ . ___ . ______________________ _ 457 204 0.8 

1 Person landing _____________________ • _____ _ 468 208 0.4 

Dobson landing_._ .. _____ .. ______________ _ 474 212 0. 7 

Dooley ferry __ .. ___ . ______________ .. ______ _ 490 216 0.3 

Kye Smith landing _______________________ _ 504 221 0.4 

Fulton, Ark ___ • _________ •.. __________ •• __ 515 227 0.5 

705 500 1.4 

840 750 1.8 

955 1,000 2.2 

I Western boundary of 0 klahoma .. ________ __ 

995 1,250 iU 1,045 1,500 0 

OUACHITA RIVER. 

The Ouachita River heads in the Ozark Hills of western Arkansas. 

In that part of its course which lies within the hills it flows in limestone 
GANNETT.) ARKANSAS RIVERS. 63 

valleys between quartzite ridges, and has a considerable slope. Upon 

emerging into the level country near Arkadelphia, Arkansas, its slope 

greatly diminishes, and in its long course thence to its junction with 

Black River the fall per mile is very slight. 

The profile is derived in part from levels by the Corps of Engineers, 

U. S. A., and in part from the atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth .......... -~ .......... _ .... _ ... ___ . 0 60 

Harrisonburg ... __ .. ___ .. ___ ....•. _ ... _. _. 16 67 0.4 

Monroe ---------------------------------- 122 88 0.2 

Mouth Bartholomew bayou ................ 148 93 0.2 

Camden ........ -------------------------- 304 114 0. 1 

Arkadelphia. __ .... ___ . __ ._._ ..• ___ ._ .. _ .. 380 188 1.0 

417 300 3.0 

457 500 5.0 

476 600 5.3 

500 700 4.2 

514 800 7.1 

534 1,000 10.0 

Head._ ..... _ ... ____ -------... -.-........ - 545 1,750 68.2 

ARKANSAS RIVER. 

Thi~ large branch of the Mississippi heads in central Colorado, in 

the Rocky Mountains, at an altitude of 10,000 feet. It flows first 

south and then east, getting clear of the mountains at Canyon City, 

Colorado. Within the mountains its slope is extremely steep, averaging 40 feet to the mile~ upon entering the plains its slope rapidly 

diminishes, and from Pueblo as far as the south boundary of Kansas, 

a distance of 500 miles, it remains almost constant, with an average 

slope of 7 feet per mile. In this part of its course it resembles the 

Platte. Although having a steep slope, it is so heavily loaded with 

detritus that it deposits rather than erodes. It is in effect a graded 

stream. From Wichita downward to its mouth its slope constantly 

diminishes, although not uniformly, and near its mouth it has no 

greater fall than the Mississippi in this neighborhood. 

The drainage basin of the Arkansas is 185,671 square miles; the 

tot&llength of the river is 1,497 miles. 
64 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [No. 44. 

The profile is derived as far as Argenta from levels of the Corps of 

Engineers, U. S. A.; thence to it::; head from atlas sheets of the United 

States Geological Survey. 

I - Locality. 

Distance Height -- from above Fall P" I 

mouth. sea. mile. 

"lfiles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth _____ .. ____________________ . - -. -. -. 0 117 

Cut-off _ -. __ . _ . ___ .. ____ . _____ . ___ - _ --- -.. 15 118 0.1 

Hopedale._._ ... _. ______ .. __ .. __ . ________ . 22 119 0. 1 

Red Fork ... __ .. ___ .. _. ______________ . ___ _ 27 121 0.4 

Arkans~ Post _ . _________________________ _ 38 130 0.8 , Auburn ___ . _ ... _____ . __ . ______ . __ -.. _ .... 64 137 0.3 

Little Bayou Meto_. _____________________ . 71 141 0.6 

Sarassa _ .. ___ . ____ .... _ ..... ___ - - - -. ----- - 78 149 1.1 

Bankhead ____________ . __ .. _________ .. ___ _ 88 158 0.9 

Rob Roy bridge ___ ...... _____ . ____ . _ .... _. 101 161 0.2 

Pine Bluff. ____________ . __ . ______ . ___ . ___ _ 110 164 0.3 

McAlister ________ .. __ . _____________ . ____ _ 121 170 0.5 

Mokes landing __ .. _ ... _ ..... _ . __ ... _ .. _ ... 133 176 0.5 

Red Bluff __ . __ ... _. __ . _____ . _____ ...... __ _ 142 188 1.3 

Troy Landing ........ _____ . ______________ _ 158 202 0.9 

Argenta ... _ . _ .... ___ . __________ - _ - . _ . -. __ 176 216 0.8 

199 250 1.5 

249 300 1.0 

307 350 0.9 

Fort Smith __________________________ . _ . _ . 403 400 0.5 

Mouth of Grand River ___________ ._. __ .. _. 497 500 1.1 

Mouth of Cimarron River ____________ . ___ . 584 652 1.7 

Mouth of Black Bear Creek--------------- 646 764 1.8 

Mouth of Salt Creek __________ . ____ . __ . _ .. 661 797 2.2 

Kaw Agency __________ . ___ . ______________ _ 723 933 2.2 

Arkansas City ____ . ___ . ____ . ______ . _____ . _ 767 1,043 2.5 

Oxford _ .... __ .. _________________ . _______ _ 792 1,108 2.6 

El Paso .. _____ ... ___ ... ___ .. ___ ...... --- .. 817 1,177 2. 8. 

Wichita _ . ____ . __ . ____ .. __ . ___ . ____ . _____ . 832 1,222 3.0 

Lyons ___ .. _ .... __ ... _ . _ .. ________ . _ . ____ _ 853 1,400 8.5 

Hutchinson. ____ . __ .. ____ . _______________ _ 871 1,500 5.6 

Nickerson ____ . ____ . _____ . _. _____ .. ______ _ 889 1,600 5.6 

Raymond . _ . _ . _________ .. _________ . _____ _ 906 1, 700 5.9 

926 1,800 

942 1,900 

~J 2 
GANNETT.) .ARK.ANS.AS .AND C.AN.ADI.AN RIVERS. 65 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Larned.---------------------------------- 958 2,000 6.2 

973 2, 100 6. 7 

989 2,200 6.2 

1,005 2,300 6.2 

1,020 2,400 6. 7 

1,036 2,500 6.2 

Cimarron. _________________________ -- ___ -- 1,051 2,600 6. 7 

1,066 2, 700 6. 7 

Garden ________________ --- __________ - _____ 1,081 2,800 6. 7 

1,159 3,400 7.7 

1,172 3,500 7.7 

Lamar ____________________________________ 1,187 3,600 6. 7 

1,200 3, 700 7.7 

1,214 3,800 7.1 

1,229 3,900 6. 7 

Robinson _____________ •••. __ .. _._ ••• _. __ ._ 1,240 4,000 9.1 

1,254 4, 100 7.1 

1,269 4,200 6. 7 

1, 283 4,300 7. 1 

1,296 4,400 7.7 

Mouth of Huerfano River _________________ 1,309 4,500 7.7 

Mouth of St. Charles River ________________ 1,322 4,600 7.7 

Pueblo ________________ --- ________________ 1,334 4, 700 8.3 

1,345 4,800 9. 1 

1,352 4,900 14.3 

1,359 5,000 14.3 

1,370 5,200 18.2 

Canyon __________________________ . __ . ____ 1,375 5,300 20.0 

Parkdale ______________________________ . _ . 1,385 5,700 40.0 

1,399 6,000 21.4 

Mouth of South Arkansas River ____________ 1,.428 6,500 17.2 

I 1,439 7, 000 45.5 i 

I 1,457 8,000 55.6 

Granite. __________________________________ j 1,475 9,000 

I 

Tennessee pass, head _____________________ -I 1,497 10,400 _:~ 6 

CANADIAN RIVER. 

This is a long branch o:f the Arkansas, heading in Raton pa~s, in 

northern New Mexico, and, flowing first south and then east down the 

slope o:f the plains, it joins the Arkansas in Indian Territory. 

IRR 4:4-01--5 
66 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

The profile is derived mainly from the atlas sheets of the United 

States Geological Survey. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. month. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ······················------------· 0 460 -------- 22 500 1.8 

82 600 1.7 

104 700 4.5 

134 800 3.3 

152 900 5.6 

Near Purcell ......... _ ... ___ .... _ . _ ..... __ 190 ·1,040 3.7 

C. R. I. & P. R. R. crossing_ ..... ___ .. _______ 240 1,200 3.2 

Canadian __ . _ ... _ ........ _ .. _ . __ . __ .. _____ 435 2,300 5.6 

Tascosa- __ ....... _ . - -.. --•. __ . - . -. -. -. -- - - 550 3,150 7.4 

727 5,972 15.9 

I Rato: pass, head: _________________________ 

745 6,292 

758 7,893 123.2 

~ NEOSHO RIVER. 

Neosho River heads in Kansas, not far east of the center of the 

State, and flows at first eastward and then southward to its junction 

with the Arkansas in Indian Territory. Its course of 346 miles is 

mainly through a prairie region, and its profile departs but little from 

a normal one. 

The profile is derived from the atlas sheets of the United States 

Geological Survey. 

~- Locality. 

~outh ............................................................................. 

~arkham ferry, Ind. T _ .... ____ .. ________ . 

Above Oswego, Kans _. _. ______ .. ____ ... _. __ 

Humboldt ...... -------------------------- Leroy ____ . _ ...... _ .... _ ....... _ . __ ... _ ... 

Ottumwa ............... _ .... _ ............ 

Emporia -... -..... -... --- .............. -- ......... ---- ........ - ... ---

Council Grove .. __ . _ . ~ ... _ . __ ..... _ ....... 

Head._ ..... --..... -... -------------------

Distance 

from • mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

12 

42 

69 

177 

206 

228 

255 

274 

296 

310 

326 

346 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

470 

500 

550 

600 

800 

850 

900 

950 

1,000 

1,050 

1,100 

1,200 

1,500 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

2.5 

1.7 

1.8 

1.8 

1.7 

2.3 

1.8 

2.6 

2.3 

3.6 

6.25 

15.0 I 
GANNETT.) VERDIGRIS AND WHITE RIVERS. 67 

VERDIGRIS RIVER. 

This river heads in southeastern Kansas and flows nearly south to 

its junction with the Neosho, in the northern part of Indian Territory. 

It drains a region mainly composed of prairie land. . The river has 

slight fall except· near its head, and with the exception of one point 

in its course it has a symmetrical profile. 

The profile is derived from the atlas sheets of the United States 

Geological Survey. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ----------------------------------- 0 475 -------- 11 500 2.3 

60 550 1. 02 

105 600 1.1 

133 650 1.8 

154 700 2.4 

179 750 2.0 

185 800 8.3 

206 850 2.4 

231 900 2.0 

242 950 4.5 

248 1,000 8.~ 

258 1,100 10.0 

265 1,200 14.3 Ilead _____________________________________ 275 1,500 30.0 

WHITE RIVER. 

This stream heads in northwestern Arkansas, in the Ozark Plateau, 

and flows southeastwardly through it in a canyon, with a steep slope. 

Emerging from the plateau, it flows southward through the alluvial 

region of southeastern Arkansas to its junction with Mississippi River, 

at the mouth of the Arkansas. Its slope throughout the alluvial 

region is extremely gentle. Its drainage basin is 27,925 square miles. 

The profile is derived mainly from the atlas sheets of the United 

States Geological Survey. 

I Distance Height Locality. I Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ___________________ . ________________ 0 107 -------- Jacksonport ____________________ . _________ 330 193 0.3 

Grigsby ferry ______ : _________ . ____________ 380 250 1.1 

410 300 1.7 

439 350 1.7 

463 400 2.1 

L 487 450 _ill 509 500 3 

536 550 9 
68 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO, 44, 

ST. FRANCIS RIVER. 

This stream heads in southeast Missouri and flows nearly south to 

its junction with the Mississippi, in eastern Arkansas. Nearly all its 

course is in low bottom lands of the Mississippi River, and its slope is 

extremely gentle. 

The profile comes from levels by the Mississippi River Commission. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Ark _______________________________ 0 144 ...... --- ....... 

Wittsburg, Ark ............................................................ 135 161 0.1 

Ebdy, Butler County, Mo __________________ 308 314 2J Ironton,Mo ---·--·--------------·-------- 438 887 4 

MERAMEO RIVER. 

This is a small branch of the Mississippi, in eastern Missouri. It 

heads in the Ozark Plateau, and flows generally _northeastward to its 

mouth, just below St. Louis. 

The profile is derived from levels of the Engineer Corps, U.S. A. 

I Distance Height Locality. from above I Fall pc, mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ..................................................................................... 0 365 -------- Mouth of Big River ______________ . _________ 56 407 0.8 

Mouth of Bourbeuse Rive:r:. ________________ 84 458 1.8 I 

I ~=~h-o~~~~~is-~~ve~: :::::::::::::::::: 

134 615 3.1 i 

174 755 

I~ MISSOURI RIVER. 

Missouri River has its source in southwest Montana, in three large 

branches-the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin-which meet at the 

Three Forks. These three streams have steep descents, mainly thl'ough 

mountainous regions, but from its head, at the Three Forks, the Missouri has a long course down the incline of the Great Plains, with a 

gentle slope, which is broken at only one point-Great Falls-by a succession of falls and rapids, in the course of which it descends nearly 

200 feet. Below these falls it has the characteristics of a graded river, 

flowing through a broad bottom land, with wide curves and numerous 

shifts of its course. These characteristics become more and more 

marked in descending the river, accompanied by a gradually diminishing slope. 
GANNETT.] MISSOURI RIVER. 69 

Its drainage basin, including all its branches, is 527,155 square miles. 

The profile of Missouri River, from its mouth to the Three Forks, 

in Montana, is from levels of the Missouri River Commission. Those 

of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin rivers are from atlas sheets of 

the United States Geological Survey. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

~outh ----------------------------------- 0 395 

Jamestown landing, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 403 

St. Charles, Mo.___________________________ 28 416 

Fall mile. per I· 

Feet. 

0.9 

0. 7 

Cottleville Landing, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 437 1. 3 

Washington, Mo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 :1:58 0. 8 

Hermann,~O-----------------------------' 103 479 0.7 

Fishers landing, Mo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 502 1. 1 

Jefferson City,~o------------------------- 151 523 0.8 

Providence,~O--------------------------- 180 545 0.8 

Boonville, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 564 0. 7 

Glasgow, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 591 0. 9 

New Frankfort, ~o _ . ___ . _____ . _________ . _ _ 252 602 0. 8 

Dewitt, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 614 0. 8 

Waverly,~o ----------------------------- 299 645 1.0 

Lexington, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 664 0. 8 

Camden, ~o ~ __ .. _ .. ______ .. ________ . ____ . 337 678 0. 9 

~issouri City, Mo ________________________ . 363 695 0. 7 

Kansas City, ~o __________________ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 391 716 0. 8 

Leavenworth, Kans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 422 742 0. 8 

Atchison, Kans ___ . ___ . ____ . _____ . ___ . _ _ _ _ 448 765 0. 9 

St. Joseph, ~o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 79 790 0. 8 

White Cloud, Kans . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 525 829 0. 8 

Brownsville, Nebr __ . __ . _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 578 875 0. 9 

NebraskaCity,Nebr_______________________ 608 908 1.1 

Plattsmouth,Nebr ------------------------ 634 940 1.2 

Omaha,Nebr ----------------------------- 660 960 0.8-

Blair, Nebr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 695 986 0. 7 

Decatur,Nebr _____________________________ 745 1,033 0.9 

Sioux City, Iowa _____ :=___________________ 807 1, 077 0. 7 

Vermilion, S. Dak _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 855 1, 131 1. 1 

~outhofJamesRiver,S.Dak ______________ 888 1,150 0.6 

Yankton, S. Dak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 898 1, 161 1. 1 

Running Water, S. Dak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 929 1, 203 1. 4 

Randall, S. Dak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 969 1, 236 J!J 

berlain, 

__ 

S.Dak.______________________ 1, 058 1, 323 0 

_______:._.__ _ ____:... 
70 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [No. 44. 

I Distance i Height Locality. from 

I 

above Fall per 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth of Cheyenne River, S.Dak. ________ - 1,112 1,460 2.5 

Bismarck, N. Dak __________ . ------ _______ . 1,239 1,618 1.2 

I 

Mouth of Little Missouri River ____________ . 1,371 1, 740 0.9 

Williston, N. Dak ______________ . _________ . 1,509 1,825 0.6 

Mouth of Yellowstone River, N. Dak .. ____ . 1,549 1,855 0.8 

Mouth of Poplar River, Mont. ______ . _____ . 1,647 1,935 0.8 

Mouth of Milk River, Mont. ______________ . 1, 726 2,020 1.1 

Mouth of Marias River, Mont. ___ . __ . ______ 2,052 2,545 I 1.6 I 

Fort Benton, Mont ________________________ 2,074 2,565 0.9 

Mouth of Portage River, Mont _____________ 2,099 2,783 8. 7 

Great Falls, Mo ___________________________ 2,111 3,295 42.7 

Mouth of Sunrise River, Mo _. _. __________ . 2,123 3,299 I 0.3 

Townsend, Mo ________________ . ___________ 2,295 3, 793 

I~ Three Forks, Mo ___ . _____________________ - 2,340 4,000 4.6 

JEFFERSON RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Three Forks, mouth. ______ • _____________ •• 0 4,000 -------- 24 4,200 8.3 

56 4,400 

66 4,600 

~ 0 

BIGHOLE RIVER. 

---·- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

- Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ___________________________________ 0 4,600 -------- 16 4,800 12.5 

31 5,000 13.3 

43 5,200 16.7 

I 

54 5,400 

64 5,600 

~ 0 
GA~N~T'l'.] MONT AN A RIVERS. 71 

BEAVERHEAD RIVER. --

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

J\louth ___________________________________ 0 4,600 -------- 19 4,800 10.5 

31 5,000 16.7 

I 

51 5,200 10.0 

61 5,400 20.0 

MADISON RIVER. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Three Forks, mouth _______________________ 0 4,000 -------- 11 4,200 18.2 

21 4,400 20.0 

29 4,600 25.0 

40 4,800 18.2 

54 5,000 14.3 

63 5,200 22.2 

69 5,400 33.3 

79 5,600 20.0 

GALLATIN RIVER. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

I Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Three Forks, mouth. ___________ . _________ . 0 4,000 -------- 12 4,200 16. 7 

20 4,400 25.0 

24 4,600 50.0 

28 4,800 50.0 

34 5,000 33.3 

40 5,200 33.3 

44 5,400 50.0 

51 5,600 28.6 

59 5,800 25.0 

65 ·6,000 33.3 

69 6,200 50.0 

73 6,400 50.0 

77 6,600 50.0 

I 83 6,800 33.3 

88 7,000 40.0 I 
72 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

OSAGE RIVER. 

Osage River heads in eastern Kansas, under the name o:f Marais des 

Cygnes. Its slope throughout its course, o:f nearly 500 miles, is very 

gentle; indeed, :for three-fourths o:f it it is less than a :foot to a mile. 

This portion o:f Kansas is mainly through a prairie region, and here it 

is interrupted by marshes. In Missouri the river is extremely winding, in great curves, which are deeply incised. 

The profile i~ derived :from the atlas sheets o:f the United States 

Geological Survey. 

Locality. 

Mouth, Osage City ------------------------ Foot of Rice Island ___ . _______ · ____________ 

Mouth of Big Gravois Creek _______________ 

Near Crittenden. __________________________ 

Near Rockville. ________________ .. ____ ..... 

Near Pleasanton . _________________________ 

Ottawa ___ . __ ... ___ . _ . ____ . ___ . _ .. _____ .. _ 

Near Melvern. ____________________________ 

Near Olivet.._. __________ . ____ ... _._ .. __ .. 

KANSAS RIVER. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

12 

85 

148 

216 

280 

350 

402 

434 

486 

494 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

520 

524 

550 

600 

650 

700 

750 

800 

850 

950 

1,000 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.3 

0.4 

0.8 

0. 7 

0.8 

0. 7 

1.0 

1.6 

1.9 

6.3 

The Kansas River and its branches, Smoky Hill and Republican 

rivers, are streams o:f the plains, heading in eastern Colorado and 

flowing down the long eastern slope o:f the country. Their courses are 

throughout gentle, although a little steeper toward the head, and less 

so in their lower courseR. 

Their drainage basim~, comprising altogether 59,256 square miles, 

are treeless, except on the lower c0urse o:f the main river. 

These profiles are :from the atlas sheets o:f the United States Geological Survey. 
GANNETT.) KANSAS AND REPUBLICAN RIVERS. 73 

Locality. 

Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

---

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Kansas City, mouth ...•••.... _ ...... _ .... . 0 720 

Tiblow .. _________________ ..••. _ ...... -- -- 20 754 1.7 

Lawrence. ____ ......•...... __ .... _ •.•..... 50 796 1.4 

Topeka _______ • _____ . _____ . __________ ..... 87 864 1.8 

St. Mary ______ . _ .. ____________ . ______ . _ •.• 123 925 1.7 

Wamego. ____ ...... _ .... __ .. _ ..• _ ....... _ . 139 959 2.1 

St. George _______ •... ______ . _ ..••........ _ 150 977 1.6 

Manhattan. _ . _________ ...... _ . _ ..... _ . ___ _ 160 996 1.9 

Junction City __________ . __ .. _ .. _ ... ___ .. __ 191 1,080 2. 7 

Abilene ..... __ . _. ___ . _____ ..•••.. ____ .. __ 254 1,100 0.3 

Solomon_ . _ ... _ ..... ___ . _ ....• _ ... _______ _ 274 1,125 1.3 

Salina·----------------------------------- 310 1,200 2.1 

353 1,300 2.3 

378 1,400 4.0 

Ellsworth •••••••••. _ ..... _ ..... ____ ..... . 408 1,500 3.3 

436 1,600 3.6 

463 1,700 3. 7 

479 1,800 6.2 

496 1,900 5.9 

512 2,000 6.2 

528 2,100 6.2 

I Wallace __ .•.• ____ • __ -_-_-_-_--_-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-----"-1 ------'--------'-

544 2,200 

654 3,280 

~ 8 

REPUBLICAN RIVER. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth at Junction City_._._ •..... _____ ...• _ 0 1,080 -------- Near Clay Center ••. _. _______ . ____ . ___ .. _._ 38 1,200 3.2 

Lawrenceburg •• ___ .. ___ .. _ .. _. _______ .... 66 1,300 3.6 

86 1,400 5.0 

100 1,500 7.1 

Near Bostwick •• __ ... ___ ... _ ..... _ . _ .. _ - -.. 122 1. 600 4.5 

Near Red Cloud_ . _ ... _____ . __________ .. ___ 143 1, 700 4.8 

Nea.r Franklin . _. __ .. _____________ . __ .. _ •. 161 1,800 5.5 

Republican _______ .. _. ______ .. _______ ... _. 181 1,900 5.0 

199 2,000 5.5 I Edson __________ . ____ . __ ...... ______ ... __ . 215 2, 100 

227 2,200 

~ 3 
74 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO, 44. 

PLATTE RIVER. 

Platte River heads in Colorado in two branches, North and South 

Platte. The former has its source in North Park and the mountains 

adjacent and has a steep descent within the mountains, dropping to 

6 or 7 feet per mile when it enters the plains. The South Platte heads 

in the mountains at the north end of South Park and enters the plains 

just above Denver. Within the mountains its slope is extremely 

steep and irregular, but upon reaching the plains it suddenly diminishes greatly, falling to 8 or 9 feet to the mile. These two branches 

meet at North Platte, and below their junction the Platte has an 

average fall of about 6 feet per mile, maintaining that slope with 

remarkable uniformity. The river is a peculiar one in the fact that it 

has a relatively steep slope and an extremely straight course, while 

at the same time it is building up its bed. This peculiarity is due to 

the fact that it i:::~, taking the year as a whole, an overloaded stream. 

It is subject to great fluctuations in volume. In the springtime, when 

the mountain snows are melting, it is a river a mile in width, and 

although rather shallow carries a large body of water. while at other 

times of the year it is almost or quite dry. 

The drainage basin of Platte River comprises 90,011 square miles. 

The profiles of the Platte and its branches are from the atlas sheets 

of the United States Geological Survey. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Mile8. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ----------------------------------- 0 940 -------- 15 1,000 4.0 

38 1, 100 4.3 

63 1,200 4.0 

81 1,300 f) 5 

101 1,400 5.0 

118 1,500 5.9 

133 1,600 6. 7 

Central City . ________ .......••. __ .• ______ • 149 1, 700 6.3 

161 1,800 8.3 

176 1,900 6.7 

191 2,000 6. 7 

206 2,100 6. 7 

Kearney _________________ ... ____ ._ · _______ -. 221 2,200 6. 7 

237 2,300 6.3 

Lexington ___ . _________ .. _________________ 253 2,400 6.3 

270 2,500 5.9 

I North Platte ______________________________ 

282 2,600 8.3 

300 2, 700 5.6 

315 2,800 6.7 
GANNETT.] :NORTH PLATTE AND SOUTH PLATTE RIVERS. 

NORTH PLATTE RIVER. 

I Locality. 

I 

I 

Mouth, near North Platte. _________________ 

Camp Clark _______________________________ 

Fort Laramie _____________________________ 

Douglas _________________ ... ____ .. ___ .... -

Casper ____________________________________ 

Fort Steele ________ .. _______ . _______ ...... 

I 

~ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

15 

145 

161 

177 

193 

208 

226 

239 

251 

265 

275 

310 

370 

510 

SOUTH PLATTE RIVER. 

Locality. 

Mouth, near North Platte __________ . __ . _ .. _ 

Ogalalla _____________ .. _ .. ______ .. ____ . _ . _ 

Big Spring _____________________________ .. _ 

Denver Junction ..................................................... 

Sedgwick . ______ . ___________ . ______ ....... 

Crook ____________________________________ 

Iliff .. ------- ...... -- ........ ----- ...... ---- .... --------

Sterling ..................................................................... 

Merino ___________________________________ 

Snyder _______________________________ . ___ 

Orchard __________________ .. _ .. __ . ___ ... __ 

Hardin ________________________________ . __ 

Lasalle ______________________________ - - - - -

Nantes ------------ ---- .... --- - .. ---------- ..... 

Platteville ____ . ______________________ . - - - ~ 

Lupton ______________ ... __ . ___ . _ .... _ - - - - -

Brighton ..................................................................... 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

51 

70 

81 

96 

111 

127 

138 

151 

168 

199 

216 

232 

239 

244 

253 

260 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

2,800 

2,900 

3, 700 

3,800 

3,900 

4,000 

4,100 

4,200 

4,300 

4,400 

4,500 

4,600 

4,827 

5,100 

6,500 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

2,800 

3,209 

3,364 

3,456 

3,571 

3,695 

3,820 

3,920 

4,021 

4,160 

4,391 

4,513 

4,663 

4, 732 

4,807 

4,891 

4,968 

75 

Fall per mile. 

---

Feet. 

-------- 6.7 

6.2 

6.3 

6.3 

6.3 

6.7 

5.5 

7.7 

8.3 

7.1 

10.0 

6.5 

1 

~ 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

8.0 

8.2 

8.4 

7.7 

8.3 

7.8 

9.0 

7.8 

8. 2 

7.5 

7.2 

9.4 

9.9 

15.0 

9.3 

11.0 
76 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

I Locality. 

Distance 

from Height 

above ~ Fall per I 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Jfiles. Feet. Feet. 

Henderson ----------- ........................................... 265 5,023 11.0 

Denver _ . ___ --------------------------- ~- 288 5,170 6.4 

Platte Canyon ____________________ . __ ... __ 308 5,492 16.1 

South Platte ______________________________ 317 6,085 65.9 

332 6,500 27.7 

347 7,000 33.3 

Mouth of Tarryall Creek _____ . _ .... ______ . 354 7,500 71.4 

Foot of upper canyon ___________ ... ___ . ___ 365 8,000 45.5 

Head of upper eanyon. ____________________ 375 8,165 16.5 

380 8,500 67.0 

Mouth of Little Platte River _______________ 386 8,683 30.5 

405 9,000 16.7 

' 

Above Fairplay ___________________________ 415 9,500 

427 10,000 

~ 7 

YELLOWSTONE RIVER. 

Yell ow stone River heads in the Inountains above Yellowstone Lake, 

flowing into the lake at the head of its southeastern arm. On emerging from the lake the river has a very gentle slope for a few miles, 

then plunges over two falls, the upper fall 90 feet and the lower 325 

feet. Thence follows a succession of canyons in volcanic rock~ in 

which the river has a rapid descent. At Livingston it turns from its 

northern course to the east and flows through a broad valley with a 

din1inishing slope to its mouth at Fort Buford. 

The profile is in large part from the levels of the Northern Pacific 

Railway. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth----------------------------------- 0 

Diamond Island ___________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 

Beef slough _____________________________ . _ 46 

Reno bend._______________________________ 60 

Monroe rapids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 

'Valker Island shoaL ____________________ . _ 108 

De Russy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 

"White sand_" .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 

McEwens rapids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

1,855 

1,916 

1,950 

1,988 

2, 100 

2,123 

2,133 

2,160 

2,182 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

2.0 

2. 1 

2.7 

2.8 

2.9 

2.0 

_Ej 4 
GANNETT.) YELLOWSTONE AND MILK RIVERS. 77 

I 

I 

- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth of Powder River ....••.•........••. 137 2,200 4.5 

Baker rapids .............. __ ............. _ 144 2,224 3.4 

Buffalo rapids ..........•••••.. __ ...... __ . _ 163 2,300 4.0 

Keogh, ferry at Tongue River ______ . ___ . __ . 176 2,355 4.2 

Ben teen Island _ .... ____ . __ . _ ...... _ .. __ .. 196 2,402 2.3 

Rosebud .... _ .... ___ ._ .... _. __ . _ .......... 215 2,465 3.3 

Big Porcupine Creek __ .... _ .••. _ ........ __ 234 2,522 3.0 

Head of Rosebud Island .. ___ . _ .. _ ..... __ . _ 252 2,583 3.4 

Mouth of Bighorn River ............. _ .. _. 274 2,668 3.9 

Junction City ........... __ .••••..... _._._. 279 2,696 5.6 

N. P.R. R. crossing, near Billings ........... 331 3,079 7.4 

Still water __ ...... __ .. _ ...... ___ .......... 373 3,560 11.5 

W. P.R. R., second crossing ..... _ ..•... ___ . 385 3,676 9.7 

Gray Cliff •.••. ___ .... _ ... __ ........ __ .... 400 3,847 11.4 

Big Timber ... _ .... __ . ___ ................ _ 413 4,072 17.3 

Springdale ....... _ .. ______ .... __ . _ ... _ .... 427 4,190 8.4 

Livingston. ___ ............... _ ............ 446 4,437 13. 1 

Head of lower canyon ___ ...... _ ....... __ .. 456 4,600 16.3 

Chicory ... _ . __ .. __ .........• _ .. _ .......... 468 4,800 16. 7 

Foot second canyon .... _ ... _ •......... __ . _ 486 5,000 11.1 

533 6,000 21.3 

Foot of lower falls _ . __ .. _ . __ . ______ ....... 552 7,300 68.4 

Top of upper falls. ____ ._._ ................ 553 7, 725 425.0 

Yellowstone Lake ... _ .... _ .. _ .... _ .. __ .... 569 7,741 1.0 

MILK RIVER. 

This is a long branch of Missouri River, in northern Montana. It 

heads in the plains near the international boundary, and flows in a 

course generally a little south of east, to its mouth. Its slope conforms 

to that of the plains, averaging about 2 feet per mile. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth ....... __ .. _ .. _ .. __ . _. _ ...... __ . _.. 0 

Glasgow, 2 miles above __ ... __ ....... _. _... 22 

Malta ................•.......... _ .. _ . . . . . 106 

Yantic ..... _ .. " .. _ ....... _ . __ ..... __ . ___ . , 184 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

2,020 

2,055 

2,220 

2,415 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

1.6 

2.0 

2.5 
78 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO, 44. 

JAMES RIVER. 

James River, of the Dakotas, is a stream of the plains, flowing 

through its entire course in a region recently occupied by the great 

northern glacier. It heads in North Dakota and flows nearly south 

433 miles, to its junction with Missouri River at Yankton. Its entire 

course is newly occupied and the river has made but little progress in 

erosion. It follows closely in its profile the slopes of the country, 

which are very gentle. 

The profile is derived from the atlas sheets of the United States 

Geological Survey. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

lfouth ----------------------------------- 0 1,150 -------- Olivet, 4 miles above .••••••••••. ------ ..•• 42 1,180 0.7 

64 1,200 0.9 

105 1,220 0.5 

172 1,240 0.3 

211 1,260 0.5 

265 1,280 0.4 

Grand Rapids .. _ .• ____ ..•.... _. __ .•. ______ 315 1,300 0.4 

Dickey, 2 miles above .•• _ •. ______ . ________ 326 1,320 1.8 

334 1,340 2.5 

348 1,360 1.4 

Jamestown, 3 miles below __ . __ .. ______ .••. _ 358 1,380 2.0 

Jim Lake ........ ___ .. _______ .......... __ . 382 1,435 2.3 

~head Lake ••••••••..••.•••••••.••••. 394 1,440 0.4 

Rockford ........ __ ........... _ ..•. _ . 433 1,502 1.6 

DES MOINES RIVER. 

This river heads in southwest Minnesota and flows in a southeast 

course across Iowa to its junction with the Mississippi at Keokuk. Its 

slope is gentle throughout its course and fairly uniform. 

Its drainage basin is 14,652'square miles. 

Distance Height Fall per 

I 

Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

lfouth, Keokuk, Iowa .. __ ..... _ ..... ___ ... 0 476 -------- Ottumwa, Iowa . _ ...... __ ..... _ ....... ____ 94 636 1.7 

Des lfoines, Iowa _ . _______________________ 205 786 1.4 

Moingona, Iowa .... _ .. ___ . ______ . __ . ______ 245 877 2.3 

Southeast part of Webster,County, Iowa._ .. 269 921 1.8 

I 

Fort Dodge, Iowa _ .. __ ... ________ . _ .. ___ . _ 300 964 1.4 

Windom, Minn ·---- -------- __ ------ --···· 411 1,329 3.3 
GANNETT.] lOW A AND MINNESOTA RIVERS. 

IOWA RIVER. 

This branch of the Mississippi heads in northern Iowa and flows 

southeast to its mouth. Its course is through a prairie region and its 

slope is gentle throughout. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth ____ .... _ . _ .. _____ . _________ .. ___ . . 0 

Iowa City ........... ___ . __________ .. ____ . 60 

I ~ontour·-·-·-·-···-·----·--. -------··--··- 150 L Falls. __ ...... _ ..... __ ... _ .. ____ . _ _ _ _ 215 

SKUNK RIVER. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

522 

607 

845 

1,007 

Fall per 

mile. 

Feet. 

1.4 

2.6 

2.5 

A branch of Mississippi River in eastern Iowa. This stream shows, 

so far as the data at hand indicates, a very regular profile . 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Fall per mile. 

. I :----------------------------------1--------I--------J------i 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth . ___ ..... ____ . ______ ... _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 505 

Rome .. __ .... _ . _ . . ____ . _____ . ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 550 1.2 

v owen ............ ----.... ---. -.. ----.. -. 146 750 1.9 

Ames ____ .. _ . _ .. _____ . __________ . __ .. _ . _ . 182 

Southeast part of Hamilton County .. __ .. _ _ 203 

907 4.4 J 

1,056 7.1 

MINNESOTA RIVER. 

This river heads in Bigstone Lake, on the boundary between Minnesota and South Dakota. After a long course to the southeast it turns 

sharply northward and joins the Mississippi near Minneapolis. . Its 

slope throughout is extremely gentle, ranging from one-tenth of a foot 

per mile to two and eight-tenths, and with an average slope for its 

entire length of 249 miles of only one and one-tenth feet per mile. 

Throughout its course the river flows in a bottom land of considerable 

breadth, entirely out of proportion to the size of the present stream, 

indicating that in former times a much larger river excavated its 

present valley. Its drainage basin is 16,000 square miles. 
80 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

The profile is from levels by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. 

Locality. 

Mouth ......... -- ......... -- .. -... ----- ...... --- ..... -- ...................... 

Shakopee ............................ - - - - -

Carver --------------------·-------------- Jordan ferry .............................. 

Belleplaine ............................... 

Blakeley --------------------·-----·------ Henderson ----------------------·-·------ Lesueur -----------·-----·------------·--- Ottawa •.............................. ---. \ St. Peter_ . _____ . ____ .. __ . _____ . _____ . __ . _ . 

Mankato ... -.................................. -- ........ -- ........................... -- Soutlr Bend .. _ . __ . ____ . ___ ... ___ .. ___ . ____ 

Fort Ridgely ____ ... ______ .. ________ . ______ 

Mouth of Red wood River _____ .... _ . ___ . _ . 

Mouth of Yellow Medicine River ___ .. ___ . _ 

Mouth of Chippewa River _ . _ .. _ .. _ ........ 

Lac qui Parle _. _ •.. ___ . ___ . _____ . ____ . ____ 

Mouth of Pomme de Terre Creek ...... -.... -----

Bigstone Lake ---------------------------· 

RED RIVER. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

26 

33 

41 

52 

60 

73 

82 

90 

97 

115 

119 

131 

146 

173 

197 

211 

227 

249 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

688 

689 

691 

693 

697 

701 

711 

716 

723 

731 

753 

758 

791 

815 

859 

923 

938 

946 

976 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.3 

0.3 

0.4 

0.5 

0.8 

0.6 

0.9 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

2.8 

1.7 

1.6 

2. 7 

1.1 

0.5 

1.4 

Red River, of Minnesota, heads in Lake Travet~se, and forms the 

boundary line between Minnesota on the east and the Dakotas on the 

west as far as the international boundary. Its course from its head 

to its mouth in Lake Winnipeg i'3 very nearly north. 

The profile is from levels by the Corps of Engineers, U.S. A. 

I Locality. 

Mouth, Lake Winnipeg.--------- ____ ...... 

Boundary line ........................................................................ 

Pelican ______ .. __ .. ____ .. __ ... ______ . _ . _ .. 

Turtle River_ .... ____ ... _ .. _. _______ ...... 

Grand Forks .... _. __ .. _._ .. ________ .. _ .... 

Frog Point .................................................................................... 

Goose Rapids ______ . _ .. __ . ____________ .... 

Moorhead ___ . ______ ..... ____ ... _ ..... ___ . 

Fort Abercrombie ...... _ .. _ ........ _ .. __ .. 

Breckenridge _ .... _ . _ .. _ .. _ .... _ . _ ..... _ .. 

Fergus Falls ____ .. _ .... _ . _ ................ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

lffiles. 

0 

120 

168 

238 

263 

298 

320 

418 

489 

515 

548 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

710 

753 

762 

783 

789 

811 

823 

874 

912 

948 

1,156 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.4 

0.2 

0.3 

0.2 

0.6 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

1.4 

6.3 
GANNETT.) WESTERN STREAMS. 81 

COLORADO RIVER. 

Colorado River drains a peculiar region. While most of its water 

comes from high mountain ranges, the greater part of its course, as 

well as the courses of its tributaries, lies in the plateau region, an area 

of horizontal or slightly inclined plateaus, bordered by cliffs, in which 

the streams flow in steep-walled canyons; an area sparsely covered 

with soil and containing little vegetation. It is a region of slight 

rainfall, and the streams lose rather than gain in volume of water in 

traversing it. Colorado River heads in two main branches-,-Green and 

Grand rivers. The sources of Green River are in the 'Vind River 

Mountains of western Wyoming. At the foot of this range the river 

traverses for a hundred miles a broad, desert plain, known as Green 

River Basin. At the foot of this plain it meets Uinta Range. Through 

this range it has cut its way in a series of heavy gorges, emerging from 

them at the south base of the mountains and entering Uinta Valley, in 

which it flows for a short distance; then flowing southward it enterE! a 

series of uplifts, consisting of slightly inclined plateaus, three in number, dipping to the north. In each of these it burrows its way, the 

depth of the canyon increasing mile by mile, both by the increasing 

height of the plateau and the descent of the river. At the cliff which 

limits each of these plateaus on the south the river comes out to daylight for a short distance. At the foot of the most southern of these 

plateaus is Gunnison Valley, in which the Rio Grande Western Railroad crosses the river. In the canyon which succeeds this valley, 

caused by an uplift of the plateau, the Green is joined by the Grand, 

and the Colorado begins. Then follows a succession of uplifts, through 

which the river has been forced to cut its way, producing a continuous 

canyon, whose walls rise higher and higher with each succeeding uplift 

until the Grand Canyon is reached, whose walls are 6,000 feet in height 

and magnificent in their complexity. Farther west the land descends 

by a series ·of steps, produced by faults and folds, which finally bring 

the river to daylight at the mouth of the Grand Wash. 

Grand River, which heads in the mountains in the eastern side of 

:Middle Park, Colorado, encounters throughout its course a succession 

of obstacles similar to those met and overcome by Green River. 

The branches of Grand River, Eagle River, Roaring Fork, Gunnison 

and Dolores rivers all head and have much of their courses in regions 

of high mountains, and. naturally their slopes are both steep and 

irregular. 

The entire area drained by Colorado River and its branches is 225,049 

square miles. 

IRR~Ol--6 
82 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

The profile was prepared by Maj. J. W. Powell. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. ~outh _______________ : ___________________ 0 - 0 -------- Mouth of Gila River .. _._._ ............... 150 125 0.8 

Mouth of Williams River ...... _ ... _ ....... 340 375 1.3 

Needles .......................... ___ . ____ 385 448 1.6 

Mouth of Virgin River .. __ . ___ ....... ____ . 555 935 2.9 

Mouth of Grand Wash (fault) ... _ .. _ .. ----. 600 1,000 1.4 

Mouth of Diamond Creek. ______ ...... ____ . 650 1,312 6.2 

Toroweap Valley(fault) .................................... 700 1,625 6.3 

Mouth of Kanab Creek. __________________ . 730 1,810 6.2 

790 2,300 8.2 

800 2,520 22.0 

Mouth of Little Colorado River_ .. _ .• _ .. __ •• 815 2,625 7.0 

Mouth of PariaRiver (fault-EchoCliffs) .•. 880 3,187 8.6 

Mouth of Navajo Creek_. ___ ..... ___ ... _ ... 905 3,220 1.3 

Crossing of the Fathers._ ............... __ . 920 3,250 2.0 

Mouth of San Juan River ....... ___ .... ___ . 957 3,310 1.6 

Mouth of Escalante River ___ ... _____ ... _._. 970 3,325 1. 2 

Mouth of Dirty Devil River •. _ ........ ____ . 1,030 3,434 1.8 

1,067 3,750 31.2 

Mouth of Grand River. ___ .•••• __ ••....• _ .. 1,080 3, 775 1.9 

Green River crossing.( Book Cliffs) .. __ ...... 1,200 4,075 2.5 

Mouth of Price River .•..... _ •• __ •• __ ...•.. 1,220 4,200 6.25 

1,305 4,575 4.4 

Mouth of White River ..... __ .. ---- .. __ ---- 1,390 4,625 0.6 

1,435 4, 750 2.8 

Mouth of Yampa River ....... ___ .. ___ ... _. 1,470 5, 100 10.0 

Brown park ........ __ ..... _ .... ___ ....... 1,490 5,375 13.8 

Mouth of Henry fork .. _._ ... ____ .... _ .... _ 1,560 5,813 6.3 

Mouth of Black fork ___ .... _ .... ___ -...... 1,590 5,940 4.2 

Green River city ....... ___ . ___ .. ___ ... _ ... 1,620 6,075 4.5 

Mouth of Big Sandy River_ ... _ .. _ ......... 1,652 6,240 5.2 

Mouth of Slate Creek. ___ . _ ...•.... ___ . _ . _. 1,672 6,500 13.0 

Mouth of Fontenelle Creek _____ .. ___ ...... 1,684 6,620 10.0 

Mouth of New Fork .... _ .... __ ........ _. _. 1,728 6,900 6.3 

Mouth of Horse Creek ...... _ .. ____ .. ___ ... 1,754 7,180 10.8 

Mouth of Lead Creek. _ ... __ ............... 1, 769 7,383 13.5 

1,789 7,622 11.95 

Bend, near head ...... ___ . _ . _ ... ___ ..... _ . 1,800 7,808 16.9 
GANNETT.] WESTERN STREAMS. 83 

LITTLE COLORADO RIVER. 

This stream heads in the southern edge of the Mogollon Plateau~ in 

eastern Arizona, and flows nearly northwest to its j.unction with the 

Colorado. Near the head its slope is steep, but through most of its 

course across the plateau, on the surface of which it flows, its slope is 

gentle. Toward its mouth it begins to burrow into the plateau, and 

its slope increases, finally, just before reaching the Colorado, becoming 

very steep, producing a curve near its mouth convex up~ard. 

The profile is derived from .the atlas sheets of the United States 

Geological Survey. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh -······•-·o•••••oa••••••••••••••••• 0 2,625 -------- .() - 2,750 20.8 

16 3,000 25.0 

24 3,250 31.3 

32 3,500 31.3 

40 3,750 31.3 # 

50 4,000 25.0 

66 4,250 15.6 

84 4,500 13.9 

126 4, 750 5.9 

158 5,000 7. 8 

188 5,200 6.7 

204 5,400 1.3 

Near St. Johns •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 221 5,600 11.8 

235 5,800 14.3 

244 6,000 22.2 

. 250 6,200 33.3 

252 6,400 100.0 

254 6,600 100.0 

256 6,800 100.0 

262 7,000 

Ilead -------··--·-····-···--------------- 277 8,000 

~ 7 

SAN JUAN RIVER. 

This branch of Colorado River heads in many streams flowing south 

from the San Juan Mountains-Mancos, La Plata, Los Pinos, and Animas rivers. At their south base it collects the waters of these several 

branches and thenceforward flows westward through a plateau region 

to its junction with the Colorado. In the mountains these streams 
84 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO, 44. 

have steep descents, which are suddenly checked on reaching the 

plateau. In its course down the plateau, however, the slope of San 

Juan River is by no means gentle or regular. A feature of the slope 

of this river is the increase in its grade toward its mouth, showing 

that the parent stream, the Colorado, has thus far been able to cut its 

grade down more rapidly than the smaller stream. 

The profiles of this river and its branches have been derived mainly 

from the rep~rts of the Hayden survey. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh -------------------·--------------- 0 3,310 -------- 16 3,500 11.8 

58 3, 750 5.9 

80 4,000 11.4 

Bluff City-------------------------------- 98 4,250 13.9 

Four miles below mouth of ~ontezuma Creek 107 4,390 15.6 

Mouth of ~cElmo Creek __________________ 118 4,510 10.9 

130 4,540 2.5 

~outh of Mancos River ___________________ 143 4,700 12.3 

164 4,880 8.6 

Pictured Rocks ________________________ - ___ 186 5,180 13.6 

Mouth of La Plata· River _________________ • 197 5,297 10.6 

Mouth of Animas River. __________________ 200 5,310 4.3 

~outh of Los Pinos River _________________ 240 5, 750 11.0 

Mouth of Piedra River _ . __________________ 265 6,000 10.0 

Pagosa Springs. ___________________________ 303 7,095 28.8 

RIO MANCOS, COLORADO. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

---

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth----------------------------------- 0 4,700 -------- 12 4,900 16.7 

22 5,270 37.0 

32 5, 730 46.0 

38 6,250 86.7 I Merritt =ch .. ___________ ------- _ -------- 52 7,360 

62 9, 770 

~ 0 
GANNETT.) COLORADO STREAMS. 85 

LA PLATA RIVER, COLORADO. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ----------------------------------- 0 5,297 ----- ... -- 10 5,500 30.3 

' 22 6,270 64.2 

I 

38 7,922 103.3 

Parrott City _________________ - - - - - - - -- - - -- 43 8,500 115.6 

ANIMAS RIVER. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh ------------------------------·---- 0 5,310 -------- ~outh of Florida River _____ . ________ . __ .. _ 38 6,106 20.9 

Foot of Animas. park ________ . ___________ . _ 56 6,600 27.4 

Head of Animas park. _____________________ 70 6,900 21.4 

lfouth of Cascade Creek ___________________ 80 7, 700 80.0 

Foot of Bakers park .. _____ .. __ . _ . ___ ~ . __ . _ 97 9,400 100.0 

~of Bakers -k ----------------------- 105 9,900 62.5 

eat head------------~~~~~---------- 113 12,500 325.0 

LOS PINOS RIVER, COLORADO. 

I I Distance Height Fall per Locality. I from above 

I mouth. sea. mile. 

1, 

-----------------------------------1 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

~outh 0 5,750 . -------- Trail crosses .... -- ---- . --- ... - ------ ---·--I 33 6,680 28.2 

Big bend _________________________________ i 42 7,288 67.6 

Mouth of Vallecito Creek------------------1 48 7,688 66. 7 

~outh of West Branch ____ . ______ . _____ . __ 60 8,688 83.3 

Trail leaves stream .. ____ .. ___ . ___ .. ___ ._ .. ! 69 9,888 

-~ Weeminuche pass ..... __ ... ___ . _____ .. ___ -I 75 10,670 3 
86 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

GRAND RIVER, COLORADO. 

[The profiles of this river and its branches are from the reports of the Hayden survey.] 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ----------------------------------- 0 3,775 -------- Mouth of Dolores River . ____________ . _. _ ~ _ 52 4,250 9. 1 

Horseshoe bend._ .. ___ . _______ .. __________ 70 4,300 2.8 

Head of low canyon. ________ .. _ .. _ •.... _._ 104 4,500 5.9 

Mouth of Gunnison River----------------- 120 4,523 1.4 

Mouth of Roan Creek. _ ... _____ ... ___ .. __ . 152 5,100 18.0 

Mouth of North Mam Creek __ . _ ..... _ . _. _. 188· 5,645 15.1 

Mouth of Roaring Fork ___ . _ .... _. _ ....... 209 5, 743 4.7 

Mouth of Eagle River._ .... _. ___ .. __ . __ ... 228 6,125 20.1 

Foot of canyon in Park Range-------------~ 295 7,000 13. i 

Mouth of Muddy Creek _. __ .. __ . ___ .... __ • 302 7,180 25.7 

Hot Springs ___ .•. ____ ~ _ . __ ....... _ ... _ ... 320 7, 715 29.7 

Forks ..... __ .................... ---. -- -.. 344 8,123 17.0 

Grand Lake, Middle Park -----·---·------- 348 8,153 7.5 

! 

RIO DOLOR~S, COLORADO. 

I 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth-----------------------·····-~----· 0 4,250 -------- Mouth of Unaweep Canyon ____ .. ___ ....... 21 4,600 16.7 

Mouth of ~an Miguel River ________________ 43 5,000 18.2 

In Paradox Valley . __ .... _ .. _ .....•..... _. 49 5,100 16.7 L;' of Disappointment Creek .....•••••• 83 6,500 41.2 

I 

h of Lost Canyon ..• ___ .. ____ .:_ ....•. 134 6,950 8.8 
GANNETT.) COLORADO STREAMS. 87 

GUNNISON RIVER. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth._. ___ .• _._ ...... __ ......... _ ....... 0 4,523 -...... -- ... --

Mouth of Roubideau Creek ........ ___ .. _. _ 40 4,925 10.1 

Mouth of Uncompahgre River_ ....... __ .... 45 5, 100 35.0 

Mouth of North Fork ..... _. _ ............. 62 5,405 I 17.9 

Mouth of Cebolla Creek. _ .................. 97 6,800 39.8 

Mouth of Lake Fork -------------------·-- 112 7,213 27.5 

Mouth of White Earth River. _____ ._._ .. _ .. 123 7,450 21.5 

Foot of open valley ........ _ ...... _ ..•....• 130 7,638 26.9 

Mouth of Tomichi Creek .. _. _ ... __ .. _ .. _ ... 141 7, 725 7.9 

Mouth of Slate River .. _ .... __ ..... ___ ._._. 157 8,176 28.2 

Head of upper canyon .... __ .. __ ... _ ....... 176 9,576 73.7 

I 

Mouth of Pass Creek . __ .. __ ..•.. _ ......... 185 9,865 

Head. __ ..• ___ .. __ .............. --...• -.-- 200 11,000 

~ 7 

UNCOMPAHGRE RIVER. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth .... ___ . _ ... _ .. __ . ___ . _ .. __ . _ .. _ . __ 0.0 5,100 --- .. ---- Ford of Salt Lake road ....... _ .. __ ........ 29.5 5,800 23.7 

Uncompahgre Agency _. __ .... _ . __ . __ ...... 40.0 6,400 57.1 

Mouth of Dallas Fork .. _. _____ ._ .. _. ___ ... _ 54.5 7,000 41.4 

Lower end of canyon ____ . __ .. ____ . _ ....... 68.5 8,000 71.4 

Lower end of small valley __ . __ .... _ . _ .. _ .. 72.5 9,500 375.0 

Head of small valley . ___ . _ . _ .. __ . __ ....... 74.5 9, 700 

Divide at head ........... _ ........... _._._ 78.5 11, 100 ;u 0 
8~ PROFILES OF RIVERA IN THE UNITED STATES. 

LAKE FORK OF GUNNISON. 

I i 

Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

I 

Mouth ..•••••••• : •••••...••••••••••••••. ! 

Miles. 

0.0 

Mouth of Indian _Creek ___________________ -r 15.0 

Mouth of Good wm Creek _____ . _ . __ .. __ .... 1 

36.0 

Mouth of South Branch .. --.-----·_--------- i 51.0 

Valley _________ . _________ .. __ . -.. --. ------! 56.5 

Head _______ .• ____________________________ i 59.0 

ROARING FORK. 

I Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Mouth .... ----.. ---.. -... -·----------.. -- .. -- .. -.. -- 0 

Mouth of Rock Creek ___ . __ . ______________ . 12 

Mouth of Frying-pan Creek ________________ 25 

Mouth of Castle Creek. _____ .. _____________ 43 

Mouth of Difficult Creek. _______ . _________ . 48 

I ::~-~~~~~~-~~:::::::::::::::: :::: 

55 

64 

EAGLE RIVER, COLORADO. 

Locality. 

-----------------------------------

of canyon _________ . _ . _______________ 

Mouth 

Head 

Mouth 

Mouth 

of Gore Creek ______________ • __ .. _ . _ 

of Roche Moutonnee Creek ___ ~ _____ 

of Homestake Creek _____ •..•• __ .... [ ~ou~h 

L in Tennessee pass .••.•. _._ .. _ ... _ ... -

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

29 

41 

45 

50 

62 

Height 

above 

sea. ~ 

Feet. 

7,213 

7,860 

8,660 

9,860 

11,060 

13,260 

I Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

5, 743 

6,000 

6,626 

7,942 

8,241 

9,400 

11,676 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

6,125 

7,065 

7, 700 

7,856 

8,693 

10,418 

(NO. 44-

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

.................. 

43.1 

38.1 

80.0 

218.2 

I 880.0 

I Fall per 

I mile. 

I 

Feet. 

--------

21.4 

48.2 

73.1 

59.8 

~ 9 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

--------

32.4 

52.9 

39.0 

167.4 

143.7 
GANNETT.] UTAH STREAMS. 89 

SEVIER RIVER. 

Sevier River heads in the plateaus in southern Utah, and flows for a 

long distance northward through valleys separating plateaus and 

mountain ranges, with a steep but gradually diminishing slope. In 

central Utah it turns sharply, flowing west in a canyon through the 

Canyon Range, where its descent is somewhat steeper, and out· into 

Sevier Desert, through which it· flows with a very gentle slope to 

Sevier Lake, into which it sinks. 

The profile is derived from the atlas sheets . of the United States · 

Geological Survey. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Sevier Lake, mouth. __ ••....•. ____ . ________ 0 4,600 -------- Near Deseret ....••.................... ---- 34 4,638 1.1 

In canyon __ •. _. ______________________ .... 88 4, 750 2.1 

Above Salina _____________________________ 152 5,000 3.9 

Joseph----------------------------------- 180 5,250 8.9 

189 5,500 27.8 

205 5, 750 15.6 

Circle Valley. _ .. ___ . ____ . _________________ 223 6,000 13.9 

243 6,250 12.5 

Near Panguitch . ___ . _ ..... _. ___ ....... ---- 255 6,500 20.8 

Near Hillsdale ____ . __________ . _ . _ . _ ... _ . __ 265 6,750 25.0 

I Head .••• : ........................... _____ 

271 7,000 

279 7,500 

~ 5 

BEA:R RIVER. 

Bear River heads in the northern slope of Uinta Mountains in 

northeastern Utah. The steep slope of the mountain side is succeeded 

by a comparatively gentle slope as it flows northward through a succession of broad valleys. At Soda Springs it turns sharply upon itself 

and flows nearly south, and immediately descends from the surface of 

a basalt flow to its base, producing a succession of falls and rapids. 

Through Cache Valley its slope is very gentle, but at The Gates, where 

it emerges from Cache Valley into the valley of Great Salt Lake, it 

has a steep descent in a series of rapids. 
90 PROFILES OF RIVERS. IN THE UNITED STATES. [No. 44. 

The profile is from the measurements of the Hayden survey. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

~~-~~ 

---

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth _______________________ . ___________ 0 4,218 -------- Hampton Bridge. ______ ----- ______________ 24 4,353 5.6 

Head of Gates ____________________________ 30 4,450 16.2 

I Mouth of Battle Creek. ____________________ 66 4,499 1.4 

Foot of canyon below Gentile Valley _______ 73 4,609 15.7 

Head of canyon below Gentile Valley ______ 88 4,692 5.5 

Bend below Sheep Rock. __________________ 113 5, 737 41.8 

Soda Springs ______________________________ 125 5,855 9.8 

151 5;900 I 

1.7 

Foot of canyon above Bear l,a'ke Valley _____ 171 5,989 4.5 

Mouth of Smith Fork ______________________ 201 6,223 7.8 

216 6,254 2.1 

243 6,353 3.7 

Bend _____________ .... ______ • _ ...... - -- - - - 251 6,505 19.0 

Ev;anston _________________________________ 270 6,800 15.5 

Head ________________________________ . ____ 320 11,000 84.0 

HUMBOLDT RIVER. 

This river of Nevada heads in the northeastern part of the State and 

:flows southwestward, sinking in Humboldt Lake, in the western part 

of the State. In its course of more than 300 miles it flows almost 

directly across the series of uplifts forming the Basin ranges, but in 

most cases it passes through broad gaps in these ranges rather than in 

canyons. The drainage basin is 32,14:8 square miles. 

The profile is from the Fortieth Parallel Survey. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

Humboldt Lake, sink--------------------- 0 

Lovelock _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 

Oreana ______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 

Humboldt________________________________ 40 

Raspberry________________________________ 68 

Winnemucca _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 

Golconda ______________________________ . _ _ 108 

Stonehouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 

Battle Mountain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 

Shoshone ____________________________ . _ _ _ _ 178 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

3,900 

3,950 

4,150 

4,200 

4,300 

4,325 

4,350 

4,400 

4,500 

4,600 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

6.3 

16.7 

2.5 

3.6 

1.1 

1.4 

2.0 

_:2j 0 
GANNETT.j CALIFORNIA STREAMS. 91 

~ Wcrulty. 

Distance Height Fall per from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

I Palisade .. ______ ....... -... - - -. - --.. -. --- -

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

203 4,800 8.0 

Moleen __ . ____________ .. ___ . __ -. --... - - --- 223 4,975 8.8 

Osino ___ . _______________________________ _ 244 5, 100 5.9 

Halleck ___ .. ____________________________ . 258 5,200 7.1· 

Deeth __________________ . ________________ _ 272 5,300 7. 1 

j :r~mboldt Wells-. _______ . ________________ _ 

Lendence, head ... ______________ . ____ _ 

292 5,600 

308 6,000 

~ 0 

SACRAMENTO RIVER. 

Sacramento River heads in the mountains of northern California, 

principally in the easternmost of the coast ranges. Its head streams, 

upon reaching the great depression between the Sierra Nevada and the 

Coast Ranges, turns south and by a steep deseent in a deep canyon it 

flows off a volcanic plateau which surrounds Mount Shasta. Having 

reached the level of the great California Valley, its slope rapidly 

diminishes, and below Red Bluff becomes very slight. Indeed., from 

Sacramento to the bay the descent is trifling, the river meandering 

most of the way through great tule marshes. 

This river has been in times past overloaded with detritus from 

placer mines, which have caused it to deposit freely, building up its 

course above the adjacent country. Much of the city of Sacramento 

lies at present below the level of the river when in flood and is urotected from it by levees. 

The profile is from the levels of tl!e Engineer Corps, U. S. A. 

I Locality. 

New York landing. ______________________ ._ 

Collinsville ___________ ..... -... _ .. _-------

Rio Vista. ________________ .... -... _ ... ----

Head of Grand Island ____________________ _ 

Heacock shoals _ .. _ . ____ .. ___ . ___ . _ . _____ _ 

Sacramento. _. ______ .. _' ______ . ____ .. _. ___ _ 

Mouth of Feather River __ ... ______ -·- . ____ . 

Knight landing _. ~ .. ___ .. _ . __ . __________ . _ 

Winn landing. ___ .. _. ____________ . ___ .. _ .. 

Colusa. __ . ______ . _ .. _____ .. __ . _____ . __ . _ . 

Cal dins _________ . ________ . __ . _ .. _ .. ______ _ 

John Boggs landing _ . ________ . ___________ _ 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

3 

17 

37 

54 

64 

84 

99 

120 

155 

167 

171 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

0 

1 

5 

7 

9 

16 

20 

27 

43 

57 

62 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.1 

0. 1 

0.2 

0.35 

0.3 

0.3 

0.5 

1.2 

1.3 
92 PROFILES Oli' RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Locality. 

Princeton ______________________ • ____ . _ . _ .. 

Butte ______ . __ - ___ - _ - - _ . - - --- --- - - - - - - - - -

Jacinto __________________________________ _ 

·Parrott landing __________________________ _ 

Monroeville _____________________________ _ 

Chico landing ____ . _____________ .. ____ ..... . 

Bidwell landing_._ ... _ .. _ .... _ ........... . 

Gazelle chute ____________ . __ . ______ ... _. __ 

Squaw Hill .... _ ... _ .. _ ................ _ .. 

Tehama ..... __ . __ . _ .... _ . _ .. _ ... _ ... __ .. . 

Sacramento bar .. _ ....... __ ... __ .. _ ...... . 

Last Chance . _ .. _ . _ .. _ ......... __ .... _ . __ -1 

Red Bluff ....... _._._. ___ . _______ . _______ . 

Near Buckeye. _. ___ . _ . _ .. ___ .... _. _ ..... _ . 

Delta. ___ .. __ ....... _ .......... -- .. --.--- . 

Southern ..... __ . _ .... __ . __ . _______ . ____ . _ 

Upper Soda Spring. ____ . _________________ _ 

Head. _____ .. ____________ ._. __ . ___________ -I 

PIT RIVER. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

175 

180 

192 

195 

203 

209 

214 

230 

236 

247 

255 

261 

265 

306 

326 

344 

356 

364 

368 

379 

384 

399 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

67 

73 

93 

98 

110 

119 

128 

157 

168 

201 

225 

237 

245 

400 

600 

800 

1,000 

1,200 

1,600 

2,000 

3,000 

7,000 

[From the atlas sheets of the 'United States Geological Survey.] 

I Distance Height Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. 

Mouth ______ . _________________ • _________ . 0 687 

13 1,000 

17 1,200 

31 1,400 

40 1,600 

47 1,800 

51 2,000 

Near Fall River mills __ •• ____ . __ .. __ . __ ...• 75 3,000 

Above Pittville. _________________________ .. 86 3,400 

Foot of Big Valley ______ .. ________________ 107 4,000 

127 4,200 Canby. ___________________________________ 152 4,350 

Alturas Hill _____________________________ - 176 4,446 

Goose Lake _________ . _____________________ 196 4,800 

LNO. 44. 

Fall pe;r mile. 

Feet. 

1.3 

1.2 

1.7 

1.66 

1.5 

1.5 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8 

3.0 

3.0 

2.0 

2.0 

3.8 

10.0 

11.1 

16. 7 

25.0 

100.0 

36.4 

200.0 

266.7 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

--------

24. 1 

50.0 

14.3 

22.2 

28.6 

50.0 

41.7 

36.4 

28.6 

10.0 

6.0 

4.0 

17.7 I 
GANNETT.] FEATHER AND YUBA RIVERS. 93 

OTHER CALIFORNIA RIVERS. 

The Sierra streams, Feather, Ameriean, Yuba, Mokelumne, Calaveras, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Cosumnes rivers, are all characterized by extremely steep and irregular slopes. 

Pit River is one of the largest branches of the Sacramento. It heads 

in Goose Lake, in northeastern California. For some distance below 

~he lake it has a comparatively gentle course. It cuts i~s way through 

·~he Sierra Nevada in a deep gorge, in the upper part of which the 

·~lope is gentle, but after passing the divide of the range its course 

"'-:'ecomes extremely steep, and this slope is maintained with but little 

diminutio:o to its mouth. 

I 

FEATHER RIVER. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

~outh ----------------------------------- 0 Nicolaus_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 

Yuba River_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 

Burt ferry ____________________________ : _ _ _ 44 

Oroville _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 

~iddle Fork_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 

VVest Branch----------------------------- 73 

Upper end Big Bend---------------------- 85 

Buck Creek_______________________________ 104 

Chip Creek_______________________________ 112 

East Branch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 

Carriboo. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 

Bidwell bridge____________________________ 136 

YUBA RIVER. 

Distance 

Locality. from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

~outh,~arysville ------------------------ 0 

Long bar _________________________________ 15 

Forks, North and South ___________________ 28 

Forks of North Fork---------------------- 36 

Up North Fork, Slate Range bar ___________ 53 

Downieville ---------------·-----·---·---- 70 ~ville _______________________________ 78 

antepec Valley ______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ 90 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

9 

21 

56 

100 

198 

648 

1,080 

1,954 

2,370 

2,559 

2, 949· 

4,678 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

60 

100 

500 

1,000 

2,000 

3,000 

4,000 

6, 700 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

0.9 

1.2 

1.5 

3.4 

14.0 

50.0 

36.0 

46.0 

52.0 

63.0 

65.0 

115.3 

Fall per mile. 

---

Feet. 

-------- 2.6 

30.8 

62.5 

58.8 

58.8 

125.0 

225.0 
94 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [No. 44. 

AMERICAN RIVER. 

,- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth at Sacramento ______________________ 0 10 -------- 23 100 3.9 

Forks __ : _________________________________ 28 200 20.0 

Up North Fork ___________________________ 37 300 11.1 

41 400 25.0 . 44 500 33.3 

Mouth Middle Fork ______________________ 48 600 25.0 

56 700 12.5 

59 800 33.3 

Toll House. ____________________ - __ - __ - ___ - 66 1,000 28.6 

77 1,500 45.5 

Mouth of North Fork. _____________________ 83 2,000 83.3 

94 3,000 90.9 

100 4,000 166.7 

105 5,000 200.0 

L 112 6,000 142.8 

118 8,500 416.7 

COSUMNES RIVER. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth, Benson bridge. ____________________ 0 25 ........................ 

25 100 3.0 

34 200 11.1 

44 500 30.0 

Forks, North and South ___________________ 47 800 100.0 

Up North Fork ___________________________ 54 1,000 28.6 

Sweeney ------------------·-------------- 66 2,000 83.3 

Dyer mill. ________________________________ 72 3,000 166.7 

78 4,000 166. 7 

83 5,000 200.0 

I HeaL-.. ----- __________ ------ .. __ ------

89 6,000 166.7 

93 7,500 375.0 
CANNETT.] MOKELUMNE, CALAVERAS, AND STANISLAUS RIVERS. 95 

MOKELUMNE RIVER. 

Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Junction with Cosumnes River _____________ 0 25 -------- 28 100 2. 7 

39 200 9.1 

47 500 37.5 

58 1,000 45.5 

66 2,000 125.0 

I 78 3,000 83.3 

90 4,000 83.3 

98 5,000 125.0 

- 103 6,000 200.0 

Hermit Valley __________________________ .. 109 7,000 166.7 

Head. ________ .. __ • ____ ........ ----------- 116 8,000 142.9 

CALAVERAS RIVER. 

I Distance Height Locality. from above F~}fe~r mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ____________________________________ 0 5 -------- Bellota _ •••• _________ .. _ . ________ . ____ . _ .. _ 23 100 4.1 

44 200 .4.8 

L 51 500 42.9 

68 1,000 29.4 

STANISLAUS RIVER. 1- - Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ________________ . __________________ 0 30 -------- Oakdale ___ • _ . ____ . __________________ . ____ 26 200 6.5 

Parrott ferry _______ . . _______________ . __ . - - 65 1,000 20.5 

ForkB ------------------------------------ 75 1,300 30.0 

79 2,000 175.0 

83 3,000 250.0 . 89 4,000 166.7 

97 5,000 125.0 

102 6,000 

113 8,000 

~ 8 
96 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. (NO. 44. 

TUOLUMNE RIVER. 

r-- 1 Distance Height Fall per 

I 

Locality. I from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Jfiles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ______________________________ ----- o· 40 --------- Lagrange _________________________ ......•. 50 300 5.2 

59 500 22.2 

74 1,000 33.3 

Forks __ . _ .....................•.......... 79 1,200 40.0 

87 1,600 50.0 

98 2,000 36.4 

Canyon ---------------------------------- 109 3,000 90.9 

125 4,000 62.5 

133 5,000 125.0 

137 6,000 250.0 

138 

I 

7,000- 1,000.0 

Head of canyon ......... _ .......... _ .. _ .•. 141 8,000 333.0 

Meadows . ___ . __ ......... _ • _______ ...... __ 144 8,500 167.0 

I 

154 9,000 50.0 

155 10,000 1,ooo:o 

KLAMATH RIVER. 

Klamath River heads in Klamath Lake, in southern Oregon, and 

flows westward through the Coast Mountains by a somewhat sinuous 

course to the Pacific. It has a rapid and an extremely irregular fall, 

showing that its existence under the present topographic conditions 

has been brief. Its drainage basin is 14,660 square miles. 

The profile is from the atlas sheets of the United States Geological 

Survey. · 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above mile. mouth. sea. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth _ .. _ .. ___ ....... _____ ..... _ . ___ . __ . 0 0 -------- 127 1,800 14.2 

146 2,000 10.5 

158 2,200 16.7 

159 2,400 200.0 

161 2,600 -100.0 

177 2,800 12.5 

185 3,800 125.0 

194 4,000 22.2 

Linkville, outlet Klamath Lake .. _ .... _.--- 214 4,186 9.3 

-----~~-- ----- -- - - - ---- -~--~--
GANNETT.] COL UMBI.A RIVER. 97 

COLUMBIA RIVER. 

Columbia River, including Clark Fork, heads in the Rocky Mountains, west of Helena, Montana. Its 1::1lope is great from its head to 

the crossing of the Northern Pacific Railroad, below the mouth of Flathead River. In northern Idaho it flows through Lake Pend Oreilie, 

and below that, in its northward course to the international boundary, 

it has a steeper descent. In this part of its course it is in a deep 

canyon. Thenceforward for several hundred miles it has a gentle 

slope, interrupted by rapids of no great magnitude until Kettle falls 

are reached. Other rapids succeed; the most formidable being Rock 

Island rapids, which form a complete obstruction to navigation. In 

its lower course in passing the Cascade Range it encounters two notable 

rapids, the Cascades and the :Qalles, both of which interrupt navigation. 

The entire-drainage area of Columbia River is 216,537 square miles, 

about half of which belongs to Columbia River proper, and half to its 

main branch, Snake River. 

The profile of the Columbia is in part from the work of Lieutenant 

Symons, in part from the atlas sheets of the United States Geologi<ml 

Survey. 

Locality. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Fall per mile. 
98 PROFILES Oli' RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [:No. 44. 

WILLAMETTE RIVER. 

This river, one of the main southern branches of the Co1umbia in 

Oregon, heads in the Cascade Range. Flowing down its slopes to the 

center of the Willamette Valley, it turns northward and pursues this 

course to its junction with the Columbia, just below the city of Portland. The profile represents only a portion of its course in the 

Willamette Valley. It shows a fairly uniforn1 slope, gradually diminishing downward until the falls at Oregon City are reached, where 

there is an abrupt drop of 41 feet, with a second drop just below it, at 

Clackamas rapids, amounting to 5l feet. 

The drainage basin of the Willamette River is 11,700 square miles. 

The profile is from the levels of the ~ngineer Corps, U. S. A. 

Locality. 

Mouth __ •.•. __ . _ . ____ • _ .... _ . ____ .. _ • _ ••. 

Portland_ ••••.....•.• _ .. ___ . __ . _ . __ . __ . __ •. 

Foot of Clackamas rapids ______ .•..•.•.. __ . 

Head of Clackamas rapids .•. __ . _. __ .... - _. 

Oregon City, below falls _ .. _____ .• _ .. _ .. __ _ 

Oregon City, above falls _ .. ___ . __ . __ . ___ . __ 

Rogers landing .. __ .• ____ .. __ •. _ • ___ •... _ • _ 

Salem _ . -• -. __ •. -.. _ -.. _ - - ____ ... -... - -. -. 

Independence _ . __ . __ . _ • ________ . __ -• _ .. __ 

Albany. _ • __ .•. -. ___ -.•.• -••• -•.... --- --.-

Corvallis _ .•..•. _ ••••• ___ ••••.••..•••• _ .•. 

Peoria • __ .•• _ •. __ . _ •.•• _. _ ••..... _ . _ . _ .. _ •. 

Harrisburg _____ .. __ ••.. _ ••......... __ •••. 

1 

Eugene ••••••. _ ••.•.••••••••••••. _ •••.•••. 

Distance 

from 

mouth. 

Miles. 

0 

12 

23 

24 

26 

26 

49 

84 

95 

119 

131 

144 

164 

184 

Height 

above 

sea. 

Feet. 

0 

0 

0.5 

6 

6 

47 

50 

107 

129 

165 

184 

216 

286 

396 

Fall per mile. 

Feet. 

5.5 

0. 1 

1.6 

2.0 

1.5 

1.6 

2.5 

3.5 

5.5 
G.\NNETT.] FLATHEAD AND SNAKE RIVERS. 99 

• FLATHEAD RIVER. 

Flathead River heads in Canada and flows southward, first with a· 

steep and then with a .gentle slope, into Flathead Lake. Below this 

lake it turns to the west and joins the Columbia. 

Its profile is in part from the levels of the Northern Pacific Railway, 

in part from the atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey. 

~- Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. Feet. 

Mouth ... _ ............................. -- 0 2,410 -------- Crossing N. P. R. R .. _ ................. _ .. 15 2,464 3.6 

Flathead Lake, foot ....................... 81 2,874 6.2 

Flathead Lake, head ••........ _ ........... 101 2,874 ---·----- 151 3,000 2.5 

I 'Near north boundary ___ ... _ ... ____________ 

168 3,400 23.5 

I 186 3,800 22.2 

SNAKE RIVER. 

Snake River heads in Shoshone Lake in Yellowstone Park, thence it 

flows through Lewis Lake and, at the head of Jackson Hole, through 

Jackson Lake. Below the latter lake it has a steep descent, which is 

greatly increased in the canyon through which it passeR from Jackson 

Hole to Snake River plains. Here it flows on the surface of a basalt 

· field, and its course for some distance is extremely sluggish, through a 

broad extent of marshes. It soon, however, begins to cut into the 

basalt and to quicken its course to such an extent that it was in the 

early days called Mad River. 

In descending from bench to bench in this basalt field, produced by 

. successive flows of lava, it has falls, American falls near the mouth 

of Portneuf River, and Shoshone falls, lower down.. Below Shoshone 

falls its slope is quite gentle for a long distance, but increases greatly 

in the canyon by which it cuts through the Blue Mountains. Below 

this canyon the slope to its mouth is very gentle. It is navigable to 

Lewiston, Idaho. 

It is a large stream, having a total length of 939 miles and a. drainage area vf 103,835 square miles, or nearly half that of Columbia 

River. 
100 PROFILES OF RIVERS IN THE UNITED STATES. [NO. 44. 

The profile is almost entirely :from the atlas sheets o:f 1.he United 

States Geological Survey. 

I Distance Height Fall per Locality. from above 

mouth. sea. mile. 

Miles. Feet. F,;et. 

Mouth ...................................................................................... 0 145 -------- Weiser ____________________ ~ _______________ 306 2,123 6.5 

Mouth of Malheur and Payette rivers. ______ 324 2,152 1.6 

363 2,200 1.2 

391 2,230 1.1 

417 I 2,300 2.7 

430 I 2,350 3.8 

Glenns Ferry ______ ~ ______________________ 480 ::,500 3.0 

602 4,190 13.9 

620 4,205 0.8 

Mouth of Rock Creek _____________________ 644 4,242 1.5 ) 

Mouth of Portneuf River __________________ 669 4,335 3.7 

Anderson _________________________________ 682 4,362 2.1 

750 5,030 9.8 

Mouth of Salt River _______________________ 807 5,363 5.8 

In canyon ____ . ___________________________ 823 5,909 34. 1 

Mouth of Gros Ventre River __________ . ____ 855 6,227 9.9 

Mouth of Lake Creek. _____________________ 867 6,440 17.7 

I Foot of Jackson Lake. _____________________ 887 6,808 18.4 

Lewis Lake . - - -. ------ ------------ --- --- --I 931 7, 720 20.7 

Shoshone Lake. ___________________________ I 939 7, 746 2.5 

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Horizontal, 100 miles to linch 

Yert!cal, 2000 feet to 1 Inch J.MANZ ENGRAVING CO. , CHICAGO. PROFI LES OF RIVERS. 
1895. 

ixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95, Part II, 

Papers of an economic character, 1895; octavo, 598 pp. 

Contains a paper on the public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, illustrated by a large map showing the relative extent and location of the vacant public lands also; a report on the water resources of a portion of the Great Plains, by Robert Hay. 

geological reconnaissance of northwestern Wyoming, by George H. Eldridge, 1894; 

octavo, 72 pp. Bulletin No. 119 of the United States Geological Survey; price, 

10 cents. 

Contains a description of the geologic structure of portions of the Big Horn Range and Big Horn Basin, espemally with reference to the coal fields, and remarks upon the water-supply and agricultural possibilities. 

eport of progress of the division of hydrography for the calendar years 1893 and 

1894, by F. H. Newell, 1895; octavo, 176 pp. Bulletin No. 131 of the United 

States Geological Survey; price, 15 cents. 

Contains results of stream measurements at various points, mainly within the arid region, and 

records of wells in a number of counties in western ;Nebraska, western Kansas, and eastern Colorado. 

1896. 

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Part II, 

Economic geology and hydrography, 1896; octavo, 864 pp. 

Contains papers on" The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado," by G. K. Gilbert; "'fhe water resources of Illinois," by Frank Leverett, and "Preliminary report on the artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas," by N. H. Darton. 

Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton, 1896; 

octavo, 230 pp., 19 plates. Bulletin No. 138 of the Umted States Geological 

Survey; price, 20 cents. 

Gives a description of the geologic conditions of the coastal region from Long Island, New 

York, to Georgia, and contains data relating to many of the deep wells. 

Report of progress of the division of hydrography for the calendar year 1895, by 

F. H. Newell, hydrographer in charge, 1896; octavo, 356 pp. Bulletin No. 140 

of the United States Geological Survey; price, 25 cents. 

Contains a description of the instruments and methods employed in measuring streams and 

the results of hydrographic investigations in varioW! parts of tile United States. 

1897. 

Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, Part IV, 

Hydrography, 1897; octavo, 756 pp. 

Contains a" Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1896," by Arthur 

P. Davis; ''The water resources of Indiana and Ohio," by Frank Leverett; ''New developments in well boring and irrigation in South Dakota," by N.H. Darton, and "Reservoirs for Irriga- tion," by J.D. Schuyler. 

1899. 

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Part IV, 

Hydrography, 1899; octavo, 814 pp. 

Contains a "Report of progress of stream mensurements for the calendar year 1898," by F. H. 

Newell and others; "The rock waters of Ohio," by Edward Orton, and "A preliminary report on the geology and water resources of ,Nebraska west of the one hundred and third mendian," 

by N.H. Darton. 

1900. 

Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Part IV, 

Hydrography, 1900; octavo, 660 pp. 

Contains a "Report of progres.• of stream measurements for the calendar year 1898," by F. H. 

Newell, and "Hydrography of Nicaragua," by A. P. Davis. 

WATER-SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION PAPERS, 1896-1900. 

This series of papers is designed to present in pamphlet form the results of stream measure- ments and of special investigations. A list of these, with other information, is given on the 

outside (fourth) page of this cover. 

Survey bulletins can be obtained only by prepayment of cost, as noted above. 

Money should be transmitted by postal money order or express order, made payable 

to the Director of the United States Geological Survey. Postage stamps, checks, and 

drafts ean not be accepted. Correspondence relating to the publications of the 

Survey should be addressed to The Director, United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C. 

lRR 44 
WATER-SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION PAPERS. 

1. Pumping water for irrigation, by Herbert M. Wilson, 1896. 

2. Irrigation near Phrenix, Arizona, by Arthur P. Davis, 1897. 

3. Sewage irrigation, by George W. Rafter, 1897. 

4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by Israel C. Russell, 1897. 

5. Irrigation practice on the Great Plains, by E. B. Cowgill, 1897. 

6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth, 1897. 

7. Seepage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier, 1897. 

8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy, 1897. 

9. Irrigation near Greeley, Colorado, by David Boyd, 1897. 

10. Irrigation in Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, by F. C. Barker, 1898. 

11. River heights for 1896, by Arthur P. Davis, 1897. 

12. Water resources of southeastern Nebraska, by Nelson Horatio Darton, 1898. 

13. Irrigation systems in Texas, by William Ferguson Hutson, 1898. 

14. New tests of pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by 0. P. Hood, 1898. 

15. Operations at river stations, 1897, Part I, 1898. 

16. Operations at river stations, 1897, Part II, 1898. 

17. Irrigation near Bakersfield, California, by C. E. Grunsky, 1898. 

18. Irrigation near Fresno, California, by C. E. Grunsky, 1898. 

19. Irrigation near Merced, California, by C. E. Grunsky, 1899. 

20. Experiments with windmills, by Thomas 0. Perry, 1899. 

21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett, 1899. 

22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by George W. Rafter, 1899. 

23. Water-right problems of the Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead, 1899. 

24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by George W. Rafter, 1899. 

25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by George W. Rafter, 1899. 

26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett, 1899. 

27. Operations at river stations, 1898, Part I, 1899. 

28. Operations at river stations, 1898, Part II, 1899. 

29. Wells and windmills in Nebraska, by Erwin Hinckley Barbour, 1899. 

30. W atcr resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by Alfred C. Lane, 1899. 

31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by Alfred C. Lane, 1899. 

32. Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson, 1900. 

33. Storage of water on Gila River, Arizona, by J. B. Lippincott, 1900. 

34. Underground waters of a portion of southeastern S. Dakota, by J. E. odd, 1900. 

35. Operations at river stations, 1899, Part I, 1900. 

36. Operations at river stations, 1899, Part li, 1900. 

37. Operations at river stations, 1899, Part III, 1900. 

38. Operations at river stations, 1899, Part IV, 1900. 

39. Operations at river stations, 1899, Part V, 1900. 

40. The Austin dam, by Thomas U. Taylor, 1900. 

41. The windmill: its efficiency and economic use, by E. C. Murphy, Part I, 1901. 

42. The windmill: its efficiency and economic use, by E. C. Murphy, Part II, 1901. 

43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, etc., by Samuel Fortier. 

44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett, 1901. 

In addition to the above, there are in various stages of preparation other similar 

papers. Provision has been made for printing these by the following clause in the 

~:~undry civil act making appropriations for the year 1896-97: 

Provided, That hereafter the reports of the Geological Survey in relation to the 

gaging of streams and to the methods of utilizing the water resources may be printed 

in octavo form, not to exceed 100 pages in length and 5,000 copies in number; 1,000 

copies of which shall be for the official use of the Geological Survey, 1,500 copies 

shall be delivered to the Senate, and 2,500 copies shall be delivered to the House of 

Representatives, for distribution. [Approved June 11, 1896; Stat. L., vol. 29, p. 453.] 

The endeavor is made to send these pamphlets to persons who have rendered 

assistance in their preparation through replies to schedules or who have furnished 

data. Requests specifying a certain paper and stating a reason for asking for it are 

granted whenever practicable, but it is impossible to comply with general demands, 

such as to have all of the series sent. 

Application for these papers should t>e made either to Members of Congress or to 

IRR 44 THE DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. 0.