Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 161 / Friday, August 19, 2011 / Notices 52053 

30FTA guidance on the Eligibility of Joint 

Development Improvements under Federal Transit 

Law, 72 FR 5790 (Feb. 7, 2007). 

31 Kevin J. Krizek, Ann Forsyth and Laura Baum, 

Walking and Cycling International Literature 

Review, Victoria Department of Transport, 2009, at 

29. 

32Schlossberg, M. et al. How Far, By Which 

Route, and Why? A Spatial Analysis of Pedestrian 

Reference, Mineta Transportation Institute, June 

2007. 

33L.M. Besser and A.L. Dannenberg, Walking to 

Public Transit: Steps to Help Meet Physical Activity 

Recommendations, Am. J. Prev. Med., November 

2005, at 273. 

34 Kevin J. Krizek, Ann Forsyth and Laura Baum, 

Walking and Cycling International Literature 

Review, Victoria Department of Transport, 2009, at 

18. 

35League of American Bicyclists. Retrieved From: 

http://www.bikeleague.org/resources/better/ 

commuters.php. 

‘‘complementary’’ in the Preamble of 

this Final Policy Statement. 

One commenter suggested that FTA 

should require recipients of Federal 

funds for pedestrian and bicycle 

improvements to certify that the projects 

will increase public transportation 

ridership as a result of the Federal 

investments. 

FTA Response: The purpose of this 

Policy Statement is to improve access to 

public transportation stops and stations 

by simplifying the process for 

determining whether the improvements 

have a physical or functional 

relationship to public transportation. 

FTA grantees will not need to certify 

ridership figures for projects within the 

one-half mile walk shed and three mile 

bike shed set forth in this Policy 

Statement. Research indicates that 

improved access to a stop or station 

typically results in higher ridership. For 

improvements beyond these distances, a 

study indicating the likelihood of 

increased ridership would be a valid 

justification for the improvement. 

VII. Statement of Policy 

A. Background 

In accordance with the goals, 

principles, and legal authority outlined 

in this notice, FTA encourages the use 

of its funds for pedestrian and bicycle 

amenities that expand the catchment 

area and utility of public transportation 

stops and stations. Therefore, FTA 

hereby establishes threshold catchment 

areas of one-half mile for pedestrian 

improvements and three miles for 

bicycle improvements near public 

transportation stops and stations. 

A key requirement for determining 

the eligibility of a pedestrian or bicycle 

improvement is whether it has a 

functional relationship to a public 

transportation facility. FTA grantees can 

benefit from FTA determining the 

typical distances pedestrians and 

bicyclists can be expected to travel to 

access a public transportation stop or 

station. The purpose of this Policy 

Statement is to propose a radius around 

a public transportation stop or station 

within which FTA will consider 

pedestrian and bicycle improvements to 

have a de facto functional relationship 

to public transportation. 

FTA’s existing guidance on the 

eligibility of joint development 

improvements serves as the foundation 

for this proposed policy. According to 

that guidance, ‘‘the functional 

relationship test of activity and use 

permits the use of FTA funds for joint 

development improvements [including 

pedestrian and bicycle improvements] 

located outside the structural envelope 

of a public transportation project, and 

may extend across an intervening street, 

major thoroughfare or unrelated 

property, [but] should not extend 

beyond the distance most people can be 

expected to safely and conveniently 

walk to use the transit service.’’ 30

Relying on this guidance, in most 

circumstances FTA has considered 

pedestrian improvements within 

approximately 1,500 feet of a public 

transportation stop or station to be 

functionally related. Improvements 

beyond a 1,500 foot radius were 

considered functionally related to 

public transportation only if they 

satisfied a test of activity and use. 

The distance stated in FTA’s existing 

guidance is too short. ‘‘While distance is 

very important for pedestrians, on 

average they will walk further than the 

anecdotal rule of thumb of 400 meters 

used in many planning applications.’’ 31

Research indicates that pedestrians are 

willing to walk at least one-half mile to 

train stations or other forms of reliable 

public transportation when the 

environment surrounding the station is 

safe and well-designed.32 A pedestrian 

may travel a distance of one-half mile 

during fifteen minutes at a pace of two 

miles per hour. A one-half mile 

catchment area is a conservative 

estimate of the distance a pedestrian is 

willing to travel to a public 

transportation stop or station. FTA has 

reason to believe that pedestrians are 

willing to spend more than fifteen 

minutes walking to public 

transportation stops and stations: A 

study published in the American 

Journal of Preventative Medicine 

concluded that Americans who use 

public transportation spend a median of 

nineteen minutes daily walking to and 

from public transportation; and people 

in high-density urban areas were more 

likely to spend approximately thirty 

minutes walking to and from public 

transportation daily.33

Applying the same timeframes to 

bicyclists yields at least a three mile 

catchment area. Bicycle paths may 

extend further than pedestrian 

walkways and still be functionally 

related to public transportation because 

‘‘bicyclists are willing to travel much 

longer distances than pedestrians, 

largely due to higher average speeds 

attainable by bicycle.’’ 34 Inasmuch as 

the average bicycle commuter travels at 

ten miles per hour,35 FTA proposes a 

bicycle catchment area of three miles 

from public transportation stops and 

stations. The three mile catchment area 

equals the distance the average bicyclist 

could travel in fifteen minutes time. 

B. Final Policy 

For purposes of determining whether 

a pedestrian or bicycle improvement has 

a physical or functional relationship to 

public transportation, regardless of 

whether it is funded as a capital project 

or public transportation enhancement, 

all pedestrian improvements located 

within one-half mile and all bicycle 

improvements located within three 

miles of a public transportation stop or 

station shall have a de facto physical 

and functional relationship to public 

transportation. Pedestrian and bicycle 

improvements beyond these threshold 

distances may be eligible for FTA 

funding if the improvement is within 

the distance that people could be 

expected to safely and conveniently 

walk or bicycle to use that particular 

transit stop or station. 

Issued this 15th day of August, 2011. 

Peter M. Rogoff, 

Administrator, Federal Transit 

Administration. 

[FR Doc. 2011–21273 Filed 8–18–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–57–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 

Safety Administration 

Notice of Applications for Modification 

of Special Permit 

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous 

Materials Safety Administration 

(PHMSA), DOT. 

ACTION: List of Applications for 

Modification of Special Permits. 

SUMMARY: In accordance with the 

procedures governing the application 

for, and the processing of, special 

permits from the Department of 

Transportation’s Hazardous Material 

Regulations (49 CFR part 107, subpart 


jlentini on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
52054 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 161 / Friday, August 19, 2011 / Notices 

B), notice is hereby given that the Office 

of Hazardous Materials Safety has 

received the applications described 

herein. This notice is abbreviated to 

expedite docketing and public notice. 

Because the sections affected, modes of 

transportation, and the nature of 

application have been shown in earlier 

Federal Register publications, they are 

not repeated here. Requests for 

modification of special permits (e.g. to 

provide for additional hazardous 

materials, packaging design changes, 

additional mode of transportation, etc.) 

are described in footnotes to the 

application number. Application 

numbers with the suffix ‘‘M’’ denote a 

modification request. These 

applications have been separated from 

the new application for special permits 

to facilitate processing. 

DATES: Comments must be received on 

or before September 6, 2011. 

Address Comments To: Record 

Center, Pipeline and Hazardous 

Materials Safety Administration, U.S. 

Department of Transportation, 

Washington, DC 20590. 

Comments should refer to the 

application number and be submitted in 

triplicate. If confirmation of receipt of 

comments is desired, include a selfaddressed stamped postcard showing 

the special permit number. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Copies of the applications are available 

for inspection in the Records Center, 

East Building, PHH–30, 1200 New 

Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC or 

at http://www.regulations.gov. 

This notice of receipt of applications 

for modification of special permit is 

published in accordance with Part 107 

of the Federal hazardous materials 

transportation law (49 U.S.C. 5117(b); 

49 CFR 1.53(b)). 

Issued in Washington, DC, on August 08, 

2011. 

Donald Burger, 

Chief, General Approvals and Permits. 

MODIFICATION SPECIAL PERMITS

Application No. Docket No. Applicant Regulation(s) affected Nature of special permit thereof 

10597–M ............................ Thermo King Corporation Minneapolis, 

MN.

49 CFR 177.834(1)(2)(i) .... To modify the special permit to authorize a 

new series of heaters containing Class 3 

liquids and/or Division 2.1 gases. 

13601–M ............................ DS Containers, Inc. 

Batavia, IL.

49 CFR 173.306(b)(1) ....... To modify the special permit to authorize an 

alternative pressure relief device. 

[FR Doc. 2011–20616 Filed 8–18–11; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4909–60–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 

Safety Administration 

Notice of Application for Special 

Permits 

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous 

Materials Safety Administration 

(PHMSA), DOT. 

ACTION: List of Applications for Special 

Permits. 

SUMMARY: In accordance with the 

procedures governing the application 

for, and the processing of, special 

permits from the Department of 

Transportation’s Hazardous Material 

Regulations (49 CFR part 107, subpart 

B), notice is hereby given that the Office 

of Hazardous Materials Safety has 

received the application described 

herein. Each mode of transportation for 

which a particular special permit is 

requested is indicated by a number in 

the ‘‘Nature of Application’’ portion of 

the table below as follows: 1—Motor 

vehicle, 2—Rail freight, 3—Cargo vessel, 

4—Cargo aircraft only, 5—Passengercarrying aircraft. 

DATES: Comments must be received on 

or before September 19, 2011. 

Address Comments To: Record 

Center, Pipeline and Hazardous 

Materials Safety Administration, U.S. 

Department of Transportation, 

Washington, DC 20590. 

Comments should refer to the 

application number and be submitted in 

triplicate. If confirmation of receipt of 

comments is desired, include a selfaddressed stamped postcard showing 

the special permit number. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Copies of the applications are available 

for inspection in the Records Center, 

East Building, PHH–30, 1200 New 

Jersey Avenue, Southeast, Washington, 

DC or at http://regulations.gov. 

This notice of receipt of applications 

for special permit is published in 

accordance with Part 107 of the Federal 

hazardous materials transportation law 

(49 U.S.C. 5117(b); 49 CFR 1.53(b)). 

Issued in Washington, DC, on August 08, 

2011. 

Donald Burger, 

Chief, General Approvals and Permits. 

NEW SPECIAL PERMITS

Application 

No. Docket No. Applicant Regulation(s) affected Nature of special permits thereof 

15388–N ....... ............................ Alpine Air Alaska, Inc., 

Girdwood, AK.

49 CFR 172.101 Column 

(9B), 172.204(c)(3), 

173.27(b)(2), 

175.30(a)(1), 172.200, 

172.300 and 172.400.

To authorize the transportation in commerce of certain hazardous materials by cargo aircraft in remote areas of the U.S. without being subject to 

hazard communication requirements and quantity 

limitations where no other means of transportation is available. (mode 4) 

15392–N ....... ............................ Brim Equipment Leasing, 

Inc. dba Brim Aviation, 

Ashland, OR.

49 CFR, 49 CFR Parts 

106, 107, and 171–180.

To authorize the transportation in of certain hazardous materials by cargo aircraft including by 

external load in remote areas of the U.S. without 

being subject to hazard communication requirements and quantity limitations where no other 

means of transportation is available. (mode 4) 


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