[rai page Blank]


mg/Cubic Meter

FIGURE C6. JD-3.9-TH10 TEOM DATA

|
th l | | ive
Hl bal LY VA

0
0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200

Seconds



TABLE 14. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) NONROAD ENGINE SMOKE TEST RESULTS

Federal Smoke Test

Acceleration Lugging Peak

(A) (B) (C)

Test #1 27% 3.8 % 40%
Test #2 2.9% 3.9% 41%
Average 28% 3.9% 43%

CARB "Snap-Idie" Smoke Test@

Test #1 5.5%

Note: All results are percent opacity.
a - Peak opacity.

20


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL $1 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.2 HM HG (29.14 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.2 C (81.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
‘TIME SECONDS
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCMM (SCFH)
TOT. 9OHM RATE SCH (SCH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
‘TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
002 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HEPER/RANGE/PPH (W)
HOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

BC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

EC MASS GRAKS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 HASS GRAKS
WOX MASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW BR (BP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP HR) = 2.409

BSCO G/KW HR (G/HP ER) 2.529
BSNOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 9.195

.796) ( 1.80) (CONT)
886) ( 1.89)
857) ( 6.86) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
HOT-TRANS

TEST JD-4.6-THS ROK

DATE 5/25/92 TIME 12:09
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 77.0 F RH 56.0 PCT AB 80.1 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.6 G/KG ( 74.4 GR/LB)

1 2
NYNF LANP
296.1 300.0
32.49 (1147.4) 32.52 (1148.2)
+04 { 1.48) 04 ( 1.48)
00 ( .0) +00 (  .0)
+00 { .00) 00 ( .00)

160.6 ( 5670.) 162.8 ( 5748.)

22.4/ 42/ 22.44 30.5/ 42/ 30.5%

6.7/ 42/ 6.71 6.4/ 42/ 6.41
10.6/ 13/ 9.38 13.4/ 13/ 1,91
+9/ 13/ «79 2/13/17

56.4) 12/ .2243
13.8) 12/ .0472

64.5/ 12/ .2636
13.3/ 12/ .045¢

.9/ 43/.17.90 1,1) 43/ 22.26
LOY Ye 2? 5) YB
58.90 50.04
15.85 24.24
8.41 11.46
1780 2191
17.64 2.3
1.462 2.267
1.573 2.172
522.81 652.61
5.407 6.878
167 (37) .208 (46)
48 (65) 69 (92)

PART. G/KW HR (G/BP GR) 921 (687) (69)
BSFC KG/RW HR (LB/EP HR) © .290 ( .476)
WORK WHR (HP ER) 3.71 (4.98)
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 910. ( 678.)

90 MM PILTER NUMBERS
90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 4.138 = .267
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 3.419

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
ECR 1.80

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.5 C (58.1 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .998
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .980

3 4
LAF NYNP
305.2 306.1
32.47 (1146.5) 32.49 (1147.2)
«04 ( 1.48) 04 ( 1.48)
00{  .0) +00 (  .0)
00 ( .00) +00 ( .00)

165.4 ( 5840.) 166.0 ( 5860.)

41.8/ 42/ 41.85 25.3/ 42/ 25.29

6.5/ 42/ 6.51 6.2/ 42/ 6.2L
23.6/ 13/ 21.27 10.3/ 13/ 9.1L
A/B/ 09 +2/ 13/17

70.5/ 11/ .6148
8.7/ L1/ .0521

54.2/ 12/ .2240
15.2/ 12/ .0522

2.5) 43/ 52.03 .8/ 43/ 17.68
3 BL ff
21.58 61.63
35.64 19.18
20.55 8.74
«5651 1626
51.73 17.44
3.387 1.829
3.957 1.689
1709.65 493.80
16.334 5.527
543 (1.20) «158 (35)
2.07 (2.77) 48 (64)

P90-121. P90+122

E-3


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

HOT-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-4.5-THL ROW DIESEL = 2D FH-1392-F
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D DATE 5/21/92 TIME CR 1.80
ENGINE 4.5 1(275. CID) [-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 742.4 MM HG (29.23 IN HG) CELL: 75.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AB 78.1 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 16.1 C (61.0 FP)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 11.8 G/KG ( 82.4 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.020
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .980

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 4
DESCRIPTION WNP LANP LaF NYuP
TIME SECONDS 295.7 300.1 305.1 305.9
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH) 32.52 (1148.4) 32.52 (1148.2) 32.52 (1148.2) 32.55 (1149.3)
TOT. SOMM RATE SCH (SCFH) 04 ( 1.51) +04 ( 1.51) +04 ( 1.51) 04 ( 1.51)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCPH) 00 (  .0) -00(  .0) +00( 0) +00 (  .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH) 00 ( .00) +00 ( .00) +00 ( .00) 00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP) 160.5 ( 5667.) 162.9 ( 5751.) 165.6 ( 5846.) 166.2 ( 5867.)
HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 24.3/ 42/ 24,33 31.8/ 42/ 31.80 42.5/ 42/ 42.57 26.4/ 42/ 26.39
BC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 9.5/ 42/ 9,51 9.9/ 42/ 9.91 9.8/ 42/ 9.81 9.3/ 42/ 9.31
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 11.3/ 13/ 10.01 14.3/ 13/ 12.72 23.9/ 13/ 21.54 10.4/ 13/ 9.20
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 24/13/17 2/13/17 A/B/ .09 -1/ 13/  .09
(02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT 35.6/ 11/ .2513 40.7/ 11/ .2963 69.8/ 11/ .6060 33.0/ 11/ .2293
(02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 12.5/ 11/ .0767 10.7/ 11/ .0649 12.6/ 11/ .0773 11.2/ 11/ .0681
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W) +9/ 43/ 18.28 Lf 43/ 22.51 2.5/ 43/ 53.02 +9/ 43/ 18.14
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 5/2/52 2/2 oad Af 2/42 4/2/42
DILUTION PACTOR 52.60 44,56 21.88 57.54
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 15.00 22.11 33.21 17.24
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 9.61 12.24 20.81 8.90
02 CONCENTRATION PCT -1761 +2328 +5323 +1624
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 17.77 22.31 52.62 17.73
HC MASS GRAMS 1,383 2.069 3.159 1.646
CO MASS GRAHS 1.795 2.321 4.011 1.722
C02 HASS GRAHS 517.13 693.76 1612.16 493.65
NOX HASS GRAHS 5.561 7.083 16.987 5.745
FUEL KG (LB) 165 (— .36) 221 (— .49) 512 (1.13) +158 (— .35)
RW BR (HP ER). 348 (64) +69 (92) 2.08 (2.79) +48 (  .64)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/RW ER (G/HP BR) 2.219 ( 1.655) ( 1.65) (CONT) 90 MM PILTER NUMBERS P90-107 90-108
BSCO G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 2.647 ( 1.974) ( 1.97) 90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 3.128 —.300
BSKOX G/KW BR (G/EP ER) 9.507 ( 7.089) ( 7.09) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 2.618

PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR) +704 ( .525) ( .52)
BSPC XG/KW HR (LB/HP HR) 284 ( .466)
WORK RW BR (HP BR) 3.72 (4.99)
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/EP ER) 891. ( 665.)

E-2


SwAl 08-4855-150

DYNAMOMETER TESTING OF NONROAD DIESEL
ENGINES TO SUPPORT NONROAD REGULATIONS

Prepared by

Michael! J. Smith
Department of Emissions Research
Automotive Products and Emissions Research Division
Southwest Research Institute
San Antonio, Texas

FINAL REPORT

Prepared for

Sierra Research
1521 | Street
Sacramento, California 95814

June 1992
SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
R SAN ANTONIO HOUSTON
DETROIT WASHINGTON, DC



APPENDIX C
TRANSIENT TEOM FIGURES FOR JOHN DEERE 4039D NONROAD ENGINE


<s

The original proposal, requiring that vehicles with a Federal peak
smoke engine certification levels less than thirty-five (35) percent peak
opacity must meat a forty (40) percent standard and with a greater than
thirty-five (35) percent peak opacity must meet a fifty-five (55) percent
standard has been modified to provide exemptions from these standards for a
small number of engine families. Engine manufacturers provided data showing
that some vehicles in good operating condition could not meet either of
these standards due to engine design limitations. To prevent false
failures, the proposal has been modified so that these engine families must
comply with a technotogically appropriate higher opacity standard to be
determined by the Executive Offtcar.

8. Section 2182(f)

The original proposal, whitch did not deal with the effect of add-on
aftermarket turbocharger kits on heavy-duty diese] smoke opacity, has been
modified to provida exemptions for pre-1992 model-year heavy-duty diesel-
powered vehicles equipped with add-on turbocharger kits previously approved
by the ARB under Title 13, CCR section 2222(e). An exemption from the
applicable forty (40) or fifty-five (55) percent test procedure standard
will be granted provided that the turbocharger manufacturer submits snap-
idle test data showing that smoke emissions exceed the applicable standard
when the turbocharger is properly installed on an angina in goad operating
condition. According to manufacturers, the installation of these kits on
lighter heavy-duty diesel vehicles will result in high snap-idle smoke
levels because these vehicles lack smoke puff limiters that are normally
present on heavter heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with original
equipment manufacturer turbochargers. This modification to the proposal
will prevent false failures of lighter heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped
with ARB approved add-on aftermarkut turbocharger kits. These vehiclas must
comply with a technologically appropriate higher standard which will be
determined by the Executive Officer.

9. Section 21s2(i(wy(2}. (j(2)

The original proposal, requiring that the smoke opacity measurement
equipment comply with manufacturer's specifications, Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE) procedure Ji243, section 7, and certain reguiatory
specifications, has been modified to require that the equipment comply with
SAE procedure J1243 entitled “Diesel Emtssion Productton Audit Test
Procedure’, because it sets forth specifications generally accepted in the
automotive industry. The modified proposal incorporates provisions

regarding end-of-line smoke measuring and calibration techniques from this
report.

10. Section 2185 (b)

The original proposal, requiring that immediately upon the effective
date of the requiations heavy-duty diesel vehicles with a federal peak smoke

A-3?


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 9) JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.7 MH HG (29.16 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.1 C (79.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
‘TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20120 RATE SCHM (SCPE)
TOT. AOX. SAMPLE RATE SCHK (SCFM)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRESISCF)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKCRD HETER/RANGE /PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
(CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT
WOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

RC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PP

HC MASS GRAHS
CO HASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAHS
NOX HASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (1B)
KW ER (8P BR)

TOTAL RESOLTS

BSHC  G/KW ER (G/EP ER) 2.
BSCO G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 3.
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 9.805
PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 1
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/EP HR) 3
WORK «KW ER (EP ER) 3
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 953.

aE

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

COLD-TRANS PROJECT WO. 08-4855~150
TEST JD-4.5-TC4 RUN DIESEL 2D EM-1392-F
DATE 5/25/92 TIHE HCR 1.80
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1
CELL: 77.0 F RH 60.0 PCT AH 85.3 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 16.0 C (60.8 F)

ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.7 G/8G ( 82.0 GR/LB)

1
NYNP
295.3
32.46 (1146.3)
+04 ( 1.52)
-00( 0)
00 ( .00}
160.0 { 5649.)

12.7/ 43/ 25.66
3.9/ 43/ 7.84
20.5/ 13/ 18.39

.0/13/ .00
63.7) 12/ .2596
13,7/ 12/ .0468
1.0/ 43/ 20.27

.8/ JQ

50.76
17.97
17.95
2137
20.06

1.652
3.343
625.56
6.251
+200 (
49

Aa)
-66)

-795) ( 1.79) (CONT)
447) ( 2.45)

312) ( 7.31) (CONT)
81) ( .81)

499)

5.00)

71.)

2

LANP

300.0
32.47 (1146.3)
+04 ( 1.52)
-00( 0)
-00 (00)
162.5 ( 5739.)

16.1/ 43/ 32.53
3.9/ 43/ 7.84
18.9/ 13/ 16.92

-0/ 13/00
T1.5/ 12/ .2992
13.7/ 12/ .0468
1.L/ 43/ 23.82
1.0/ 1/27

44.07
24.88
16.50
2535
23.56

2.323
3.122
753.66
7.458
+241 (
+69 (

-53)
+92)

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS
90 MM PILTER WI. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.018

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .978
3 4
LP NYRP
304.9 305.9
32.48 (1146.7) 32.47 (1146.6)
+04 ( 1.52) +04 ( 1.52)
00{ .0) 00 (  .0)
+00 ( .00) 00 ( .00)
165.2 ( 5835.) 165.8 ( 5854.)
20.6/ 43/ 41.56 12.4/ 43/ 25.05
3,7/ 43/ 7.43 3.5/ 43/ 7.03
25.5/ 13/ 23.04 10.2/ 13/ 9.02
4/13/38 1.0/ 13/87

68.8/ 11/ .5937
7.8) 11) 0465
2.5/ 43/ 53.48

54.6/ 12/ .2159
13.7/ 12/ .0468
+9/ 43/ 18.09

Af af 42 9f Lf 24
22.33 61.1
34.46 18.13
22.01 797
5493 +1699
53.08 17.85
3.272 1.727
4,234 1,538
1660.57 $15.12
17.085 5.765

527 (1.16) +164 ( .36)

2.07 (2.77) 48 ( .65)

P9Q-117 P9Q-118
5.081 289
4.057


2182.

A-49

Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Smoke Opacity Test Procedure.

(a)

(b)

No 1974 through 1990 mode)-yvear heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicie
with a Federal peak smoke engine certification level of thirty-
five (35) percent peak opacity or less operating on the highways
within the state of California shall exceed forty (40) percent
peak smoke opacity when tested in accordance with this section

No ether 199) heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicla operating on the
highways within the state of California shall exceed f4f%y-five
¢§b} forty (40) percent peak smoke opacity when tested in
accordance with this section i


TABLE 4, JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #2

EMISSIONS RESULTS
Cycle
HC co NO, Part. Work
(g/np-hr) | (g/np-hr) | (gihp-hry_| _(a/hp-hr) (hp-hr)
Cold Start: Test Code JD-3.9-TC4
Bag #1 2.2 9.5 10.2 N/A 0.71 1
Bag #2 2.5 48 8.8 N/A 0.94
Bag #3 1.0 2.0 7A N/A 2.70
Bag #4 2.4 6.2 8.9 N/A 0.68
Total 1.6 42 8.1 1.02 5.03 1
Hot Start #1: Test Code JD-3.9-TH4
Bag #1 1.7 5.5 8.7 N/A 0.66 J
Bag #2 2.2 4.0 8.0 N/A 0.94 |
Bag #3 1.0 1.6 6.8 N/A 2.73
Bag #4 2.0 3.9 8.6 N/A 0.67
Total 1.4 2.9 75 0.57 5.00
Hot Start #2: Test Code JD-3.9-THS
Bag #1 1.8 3.5 8.8 N/A 0.66
Bag #2 2.3 3.4 8.5 N/A 0.94
Bag #3 1.0 1.7 7.2 N/A 2.73
Bag #4 2.2 3.4 9.0 N/A 0.66
Total 1.5 2.5 79 0.49 4.99
| Sequence Composite Results
| Composite 1.6 3.4 7.6 0.63 $.00
Notes: Test Date = 05-04-92
Sequence Composite = 1/1 (Cold) + 6/7 (Hot 1)

ti

10



APPENDIX D

EIGHT-MODE STEADY-STATE TEST RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4039D
NONROAD ENGINE


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

3.8, PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3,9-8H-6 RON DIESEL 2D EH-1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/ 6/92 TIME ACR 1.30
ENGINE 3.9 £(239. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DTESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 745.2 HH BG (29.34 IN BG) CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 CT AH 62.9 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 13.0 C (55.4 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.8 C (82.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 9.6 G/KG ( 66.9 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .979
DRY-TO-WET C.P. .980

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1
TIME SECONDS 600.1
TOR. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH) 32.54 (1149.1)
TOT. OHM RATE SCHH (SCFM) 06 { 2.01)
TOT. 20120 RATE SCH (SCFH) .00 (0)
TOT. AUK. SAMPLE RATE SCM (SCFH) 00 { .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES( SCF) 326.1 ( 11513.)
EC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 24.3/ 42/ 24.32
FC BCRCRD HETER/RANGE /PPH 6.1f 42/ 6.41
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 1L.0/ 13/ 9.74
CO BERCRD HETER/RANGE/PPK .0/ Bf 00
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT €9.5/ Lif .6023
CO2 BCRCRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 8.7/ Lf .0521
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (%) 1.8) 43/ 76.76
HOX BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH Aff 42
DILUTION PACTOR 22.12
EC CONCENTRATION PH 18.48
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 9.49
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 5526
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 16.36
EC HASS GRAMS 3.462
CO HASS GRAMS 3.60
C02 KASS GRAKS 3296.04
NOX MASS GRAMS 46.631
FUEL XG (LB) 1.081 (2.29)
fa HR (HP ER) 4.72 { 6.33)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC  G/KW HR (C/HP HR) 733. (547) ( .55) (CONT) 90 MM FILTER NUMBERS P9061 90-62
BSCO G/KW HR (G/B HR) 764 ( .569) (57) 90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 3.286.116
BSROX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 9.879 ( 7.367) ( 7.37) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 1.949

PART. G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 413 (308) (31)
BSFC KG/KW BR (LB/EP BR) = .221 (_.363)
WORK Kw BR (HP ER) 4,72 (6.33)
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP ER) 698. ( 52k.)

D-6


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROHETER 740.4 MM HG (29.15 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.1 C (79.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
‘TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCPH)
TOT. 9OKM RATE SCHM (SCPH)
OT. 20120 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
JOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCP) ~

BC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
BC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (¥)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

RC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAMS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 MASS GRAMS
ROX HASS GRAMS
FUEL RG (LB)
KW BR (HP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP ER) +470 (

BSCO G/RW HR (G/HP ER)
BSNOX G/KW ER (G/EP HR)

2.038 ( 1.520) ( 1.52)
7,122 ( 5.311) ( 5.32) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESOLTS
S.S.

TEST JD-4.5-8H-1-2 RON
DATE 5/26/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 57.0 PCT AH 83.6 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.8 G/KG { 82.9 GR/LB)

1
600.0
32.38 (1143.4)
+04 { 1.51)
00 (  .0}
00 { .00)
324.2 ( 11449.)

30.2/ 42/ 30.27
7.0/ 42/ 7.02
56.1/ 13/ 53.07
ayy .09
60.0/ 3/1.0441
3.0/ 3/ .047L
2.6/ 43/106.68
.2f 3/52

12.73
23.82
50.97
1.0007
106.20

4.436
19.239
5935.95
67.232
1.879 (4.14)
9.44 ( 12.66}

+380) (35) (CONT)

PART. G/KW ER (G/EP HR) +487 (363) { 36)
BSFC RG/KW BR (LB/HP BR) 199 ( .327)
WORK KW ER (HP BR) 9.44 ( 12.66)
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP ER) 629. ( 469.)

90 MH FILTER NUMBERS
90 MM PILTER WI. GAINS (HG) 5.924 141
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 4.596

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL = 2D
ECR 1.80

EN-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 16.2 C (61.1 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.021
DRY-TO-WET C.P. 971

PQ0-143. PIO~144

GI


Add Subchapter 3.5, Title 13, California Code of Regulations to read as
follows:

Subchapter 3.5. Heavy-Duty Diesel Smoke Emission Test Procedure, and Heavy-
Duty Vehicle Emission Control System Inspections

2180. Applicability.

(a) This subchapter applies to all diesel-powered and gasol ine-powered
heavy-duty vehicles, including pre-1974 model-year vehicles, wath
a 6y0G2 pounds manufactuPer+s maximum gress vehscte wesgnt (G¥WR}
and greater operating in the State of California.

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code.

2180.1 Definitions.

(a) The definitions of this section supplement and are governed by the
definitions set forth in Chapter 2 (commencing with Section
39010), Part 1, Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code. The

following definitions shall govern the provisions of this
subchapter.

(1) “Basic penalty" means the reduced civil penalty of five
hundred dollars ($500) for a test procedure or emission
control system inspection violation that is deposited in the
Vehicle Inspection and Repair Fund.

(2) “Certificatton level” means the opacity for each 1974 and
Subsequent model-vear heavy-duty diesel-powered engine same
as defined 4A title 40, Code of Fedarad Reguiations (GFRJ+
Part 86y Subpart A for 3974 and subsequent modes-year haavy-
duty diesed-pewered vehéaies when tested in accordance with
Litle 40, Code of Federal Requiations (CFR), Part 86,

te 40
GER Part S6y Subpart t+ for peak cmoke emtscsanse

{3) "Citation® means a legal notice issued to a heavy-duty
vehicle's owner, or owner and operator, by the Air Resources
Board requiring the owner to repair-the vehicle and to pay a
civil penalty.

(4) “Oefective” means an emission control system or an emission
control system component that is malfunctioning due to age,
wear, malmaintenance, or design defects.

A-43


CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Informational Package

Heavy-Duty Vehicle

Smoke and Tampering
Inspection Program

Date: May, 1991

i

a



ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 (239, CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 742.7 HM BG (29.24 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEHP. 26.7 C (80.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG HUMBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCH)
TOT. 9OHM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHH (SCH)
TOR. AUX. SAHPLE RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPM
CO. BCRGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
002 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPM (W)
NOX BCRGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PFH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPM

BC HASS GRAMS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 MASS GRAMS
WOX MASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW HR (EP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/RW ER (G/EP ER)
BSCO G/KW ER (G/EP ER)

CELL:

ENGINE EHISSION RESOLTS
HOT-TRANS

TEST JD-3.9-TH3

RUN

DATE 5/1/92 TIME 11:15
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C

CELL

1
AYNP
295.2

4

32.57 (1150.0)
06 ( 1.95}
+00 (

-00 (
160.5 ( 5668.)

+0)

-00)

18.0/ 42/ 17.97
7.0/ 42/ 7.01
18.0/ 13/ 16.09
23/ 13/
33.9/ 11/ .2369
9.6/ 11/ .0578
.9/ 43/ 18.88
.2f- 2/

55.77
11.09
15.46
+1801
18.68

1.023
2.889
528.83
5.748

+169 (

4!

9 (

+26

221

37)
66)

1.793 ( 1.337) ( 1.34) (CONT)
3,727 ( 2.779) ( 2.78)

BSHOX G/KW HR (G/EP &R)
PARP. G/RW ER (G/EP ER)
BSF KG/KW ER {LB/HP HR)
WORK = KW ER (HP RR)

BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/EP ER)

10.337 ( 7.708) ( 7.71) (CONT)
-679 ( .506) ( .51)
+292 ( .479)
3.71 (4.98)
916. ( 683.)

BAG CART 1

76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.5 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.9 G/KG ( 76.0 GR/LB)

27.6/ 42/ 27.63
8.3/ 42/ 8.31
20.1/ 13/ 18.02

Af B38
40.2/ 11/ .2918
9.5/ 11/ .0572
1.2/ 43/ 24.70

wy 10

45.23
19.51
17.24
+2358
24.60

1,828
3.275
703.81
7.694
+225 (
+70 (

+50)
+94)

90 HM FILTER RUHBERS

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL
ECR 1.80

aD EM-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.9 ¢ (58.8 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.003

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .979
3 4
LAP NYNF
305.1 306.0
32.55 (1149.2) 32.88 (1161.1)
-06 ( 1.95) +06 ( 1.95)
00(—.0) +00 (  .0)
+00 ( .00) 00 ( .00)

165.8 ( 5854.)

33.4/ 42/ 33.41
6.0/ 42/ 6.01
29.9/ 13/ 27.18
1.0/ 13/87
69.0/ 11/ .5961
9.9/ 11/ .0597

90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG)

PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

168.0 ( 5931.)

20.0/ 42/ 20.02
8.0/ 42/ 8.01
16.6/ 13/ 14.81

5 13/4
33.2/ Ly .2310
9.6/ 11/ .0578

2.8/ 43/ 60.19 .9/ 43/ 18.55
Yay ad 3/4 al
22.25 57.15
27.67 12.15
25.54 14.04
5391 1742
59.99 18.24
2.635 1.173
4,928 20047
1634.88 535.32
19.069 5.876
519 { 1.14) sA7L (38)
2.06 (2.73) 48 (65)
P90-19 90-20
3.991.261
2.520


* Repairs Funded by ARB/EMA
+ Average Cost of Repair: $600

+ Average Final Opacity: 23%

‘+ Common Repairs: Smoke Puff Limiter, Fuel Pump,
| Fuel Injectors

Pilot Program Vehicle
Repair Sub-Program *

« 58 Vehicles Repaired and Retested

* Average Opacity Reduction: 43.3%

+ Inciudes One-Half to One Oay in Repair Shop

Smoke Reduction After Repair

\ Peak Smoke Opacity(%)

ARB Pilot Repair Program

|
80

40

"

|
|
|
|
|

: Q :
: MAX MEAN MIN
i SEFORE REPAIR

Samole Sizer 68 Venicies

MAX MEAN MIN
AFTER REPAIR

A-8


y

mg/Cubic Meter

FIGURE F8. TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #2 TEOM

25

20

15

10

|
pata WA ole

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200

Seconds

—— JD-4.5-TC4 —— JD-4.5-TH4 —--~- JD-4.5-TH5



DIESEL SMOKE
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION

White Smoke

White Exhaust Smoiwe conmats ct a large numper ct
partcies ct tuel od larger than 1 C rmcron in cuamneter.
This incecaree tar the “Fuel ta not Burng.”

2 improper grace/delivery ot tual
4 incorrect engsne vase tine

SB ABBeeenes
i

Glue Smoxe conmers of & large number of tus of
paroces spout 0.5 micron dicmeer or ices. These
parncies are reconcensed cromets of unbumed tus! or
wneometeey cumed fuel. ‘This indians mar ne
angne SUMS exoesend Os: End/or an ndicaicn ct
“Wubneating OF being cummed,

engine crammpase cai level to faz

wrong grade/fype-ot fuel

oa level in air cleaner too nigh

tar Clmmner eu $00-tigitt in wecomry

WOM DISIDA NING, vaive Guxdes or Cytincers:
turboanarger bower cetecwve

BSeleyn=

check od in crankcase and sit ceaner
‘vy encthar oranx/grace of tuet

Suc

4) check rings and/or vaive ssa

Qlack or Gray Smoke

Black or Gray Smous conmaxs of parncies ct carbon
formed when fuel Neazed in cxygeniesn regions in
‘he compuspon cnamoer. Part ct the tvel in the
chamber 28 not pemg mgnited or cured.

POSSIELE CAUSS

faulty wyection pump tring

toe Nigh injecuon pressure or faulty injector
nexnes

logged or damaged am witaxe fitter
umeroper grace/delvery ct tus!
Incarrect engine vaive trneng

engine overneanng

high exhaust Sack pressure

(poor cylinder campresson

2Syaayte gs

|
j
i

SSrAga4segun
i
i
j
i

A-33


ENGINE EMISSION RESOLTS

COLD-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-4.5-1C2 ROW DIESEL 2D EM-1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D DATE 5/21/92 TIME HCR 1.80
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 742.7 MM HG (29.24 IN HG) CELL: 75.0 P RH 59.0 PCT AB 78.1 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 15.8 C (60.4 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.0 C (77.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 11.5 G/KG ( 80.6 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.015
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .980

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 4
DESCRIPTION NYWP LANP ur wr
TIME SECONDS 295.8 300.1 305.9 306.0
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH) 32.61 (1151.4) 32.62 (1151.6) 32.50 (1147.5) 32.61 (1351.5)
JOT. 90MM RATE SCH (SCFH) 04 (1.55) 204 ( 1.55) 04 (1.55) 204 (1.55)
TOR. 20420 RATE SCHM (SCPH) 00 ( .0) .00 (0) .00( .0) .00(  .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFH) .00 ( .00) .00 (  .00) .00 (00) 00 (  .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP) 161.0 ( 5684.) 163.3 ( 5768.) 165.9 ( 5858.) 166.5 ( 5881.)
HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 12.0/ 43/ 24.23 15.9/ 43/ 32.04 QL1/ 43/ 42.57 12.7 43/ 25.61
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 4.4/43/ 8.84 4.4/ 43/ 8.84 4.3/ 43/864 —4.0/ 43/ 8.08
CO. SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH 22.7/ 13/ 19.50 19.9/ 13/ 17.84 -25.5/ 13/ 23.08 11.0/ 13/ 9.74
CO. BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPK zal 3/ BY) .26 5/13/44 Af Bf 35
02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 39.7/ If .2873 —43.8/ 11/ 3248 = 71.7/ 11/ .6299—33.9/ 11/ .2369
002 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT 10.3/ 11/ .0623 10.8/ 11/ .0655 -11.6/ 11/ .0707 —10.0/ 11/ .0604
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W) Ll/ 43/ 21.94 —1.2/ 43/ 24.53 -2.5/ 43/ 53.89 9] 43/ 18.58
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH Mf YA 3/ YB 3/2 31 A] AD
DILUTION PACTOR 45.95 40.63 21.06 55.74
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 15.58 2341 34.34 17.72
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 18.86 17.4 21.92 9.18
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 2263 2609 5625 1716
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 21.53 24.23 53.59 18.17
HC MASS GRAMS 1.441 2.197 3.273 1.695
CO. MASS GRAMS 3.534 3.260 4.234 1.779
C02 HASS GRAMS 666.46 779.72 1707.38 541.06
OX MASS GRANS 6.726 7.679 17.254 5.873
FUEL KG (LB) .43 (47) 1249 (.55) 542 (1.19) 173 (38)
KW ER (HP ER) 148 (65) 69 (92) 2.06 (2.76) 49 (66)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP BR) 2.313 ( 1.725) ( 1.72) (CONT) 90 MM PILTER NOMBERS P90-105 P90-106
BSOO G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 3.442 ( 2.566) ( 2.57) 90 MH PILTER WE. GATHS (HG) 4.507.291
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 10.086 ( 7.521) ( 7.52) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 3.577

PART. G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 961 (| .717) (— .72)
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/HP HR) 316 (520)
WORK KW GR (HP BR) 3.72 (4.99)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 993. { 740.)

E-|


TO REDUCE HIGH DIESEL SMOKE LEVELS:

Maintain your vehicle in accordance with manufacturers recommended maintenance
schedules and repair procedures. Don’t tamper with fuel setungs. Use only repiace-
ment parts which meet manufacturers’ specifications. High quality repairs and parts
reduce fuel consumption, smoke problems, and downtime.

The following items are some of the more commen causes of high smoke levels:
* Maladjusted no-air pressure (Cummins)

* Maladjusted AFRC (Cat/Navistar)

* Maladjusted fuel rack (DDC and others)

* Defective or maladjusted puff limiter (Mack)

* Defective AFC plunger bellows (Cummins)

* Defecuve or maladjusted throtle delay (DDC)

* Restricted arr filter

* Clogged, worn or mismatched injectors or nozzies

* Fuel injection pump repam required

* Worn or correct fuel injector rocker arms and linkage parts
* Maladjusted vaive lash * Defecuve or Maladjusted governor
* Low aur box pressure

* Air mamfold leaks

* Malfunctioning turbos and aftercoalers


-2-

3. Section 2iai(c)(2)

The original proposal, requiring inspectors to obtain engine
identification information only from vehicles with test procedure smoke
opacity levels between forty (40) and fifty-five (55) percent, has been
modified to include all vehicles. When a vehicle's smoke emissions exceed
fifty-five (55) percent smoke opacity, the engine stil] needs to be
identified to determine whether the repaired vehicle must conform to a forty
(40) or fifty-five (55) percent standard.

4. Section 2182(a) and (b)

The original proposal, requiring heavy-duty diesel vehicles with
thirty-five (35) percent or less smoke opacity certification levels to meet
a forty (40) percent test procedure standard, has been modified to require
1974 through 1990 model-year heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet this
standard unless exempted under (e) for inherent engine design limitations or
under (f) for having an ARB approved aftermarket turbocharger. The original
proposal has also been modified to require all 1991 and later model-year
heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet the forty (40) percent test procedure
standard unless exempted under (f) for having an ARB approved aftermarket
turbocharger. Engine manufacturers provided information that beginning with
the 1991 model-year all heavy-duty diesel vehicles will meet a forty (40)
percent peak smoke opacity standard because the engines must meet more
stringent particulate matter certification standards, which will result in
very low visible smoke emissions.

5. Section 2182(¢)

The original proposal, requiring heavy-duty diese! vehicles with
thirty-five (35) percent or less smoke opacity certification levels to meet
a forty (40) percent test procedure standard, has been modified to require
all 1992 or subsequent model-year vehicles to meet this standard because of
the information provided by the engine manufacturers.

6. Section 21e2(d)

The original proposal required all heavy-duty diesel vehicles, other
than those with a Federal peak smoke engine certification level of thirty-
five (35) percent opacity or less, to meet a fifty-five (55) percent
standard. The proposal has been modified to require all heavy-duty diesel
vehicles other than 1974 through 1990 model-year vehicles within the thirty-
five (35) percent certification level to meet the fifty-five (55) percent
standard unless the engine is exempted under (e) or (f). The proposal has
also been modified to clarify that the fifty-five (55) percent standard
applies to pre-1974 model-year heavy-duty diesel vehicles.

7. Seetion 21820)

A-36


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
COMPOSITE

ENGINE NUMBER
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D

TEST JD-3.9-TH2 RUN
DATE 5/1/92 TIME 10:35

ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAH ADT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1
BAROMETER 742.4 HM HG (29.23 IN HG) CELL: 76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.5 GR/LB

ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.7 C (80.0) ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.8 G/RG ( 82.7 GR/LB)

COMPOSITE TEST RESULTS, COLD AND HOT CYCLES

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
BCR 1.80

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 16.2 C (61.1 F)
NOX BUHIDITY C.P. 1.020
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .979

BSHC G/KW ER (G/HP AR) 1.962 ( 1.463) ( 1.46) BSF G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 283 ( .466)
BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP BR) 4.000 ( 2.983) ( 2.98) | BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 889. ( 663.)
BSNOX G/KW ER (G/HP BR) 10.655 ( 7.946) (| 7.95)
PART. G/KW HR (G/EP ER) = 735 ( .548) (55)

B-4


DEPARTMENT OF EMISSIONS RESEARCH

ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS
hon #/ RAW DATA SHEET FOR HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL

Test No. —/ SwRI Project No. 08-4255-/5 0 _ Project Leader: 227, 7A
Test Operator: S/i2e%e4 Cell No. Engine LD. 42 45 Facear Fuel CodeSA7-/292-€

Engine Configuration:

Torque (ft-lb)

Speed (rpm) tooo lao et bier WWoe0 \Io0 1969

Power (bhp) QF (56.61398 18.9 lease [4s 1292
Curb Idle (rpm)

2
High Idle (rpm) —
Water Out (°F) 4S (92 1192 | 85 lige [ge lo 1139
Water In (°F) [go UR4 1,89 ler 11:38 [8 bigs [8%

BS
94
74

Oil °F) 48 220 lary 1/98 12/3 |Z07 ler
Inlet Air ("*F) Qe |D/ 162 147 194 19s 196
Fuel (*F) 105 1638 193 193 1469 |6¢ 196
Exhaust (*F) 1053 NSO 1669 | 295 lion 1999 |590 20

Intercooier Ia (°F) —
Intercooler Out (°F) _ —_ —_ —_ =_ —_ —_
Inlet Aur Dewpoint (°F) 60.1 \64.9|59.1 loo log 169.6 169.9 164.9
Chiller Water (°F) 54 ley |s4 |62? [52 |e2 |e2 162
Barometer (in. He) G19 FIG I2F1 92519 [25/9 aye GIP 129)9
Inlet Air Restrict. (in H20) [7,0 | 2 Le I/LE | OY 12.9 190 lho

g

BG

— | —

Exhaust Restnction (in. Hg) 2 |2.2 1138 | 14

Fuel Flow (Ibyy/br) 9.6 lA 58 19.8 1/9.

| 12.2 |lo.2|14

Oil Pressure (psig) £0 \¢60 |60 |to |\sF |\5e5 |5F loa
Boost Pressure B-4 IC (psig) | ~~ _ — — —_ | — |=
— —_— _ _ —_— _ — —

2449 VSIS.1 3969 1394133965 1399.2 113996 (292)
2RD.2



John Deere 3.9L Off Highway ISO 8178 8—Mode Test Data
08-4855-150 Test Date= 5-6-92

C.\123R3\DATA\D39SS
ISO 8—Mode Test Points ~—~—John Deere 3.9L Off—Highway—-
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load % Factor pm ft-lb BHP
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 75 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 15% 2,200 89 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 210 52
6 Int 75 10% 1,300 158 39
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 105 26
8 Idle 0 15% 850 0 0
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp ib/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr
1 75 24.6 14.22 86.08 637.45 24.10
2 56 19.2 27.79 30.80 356.67 9.90
3 38 15.4 27.07 49.64 198.43 8.67
4 7 6.8 59,88 91.48 53.87 7.34
5 52 19.9 9.38 898.78 383.47 125.90
6 38 13.7 20.77 21.62 279.74 11.69
7 26 9.6 21.50 20.65 153.90 7.14
8 0 1.3 12.71 14.25 20.83 1.99
Mode g/lb Fuel
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/Ib gilb g/lb gilb g/lb
1 75 NA 0.58 3.50 25.92 0.98
2 56 NA 1.45 1.60 18.58 0.52
3 38 NA 1.75 3.21 12.84 0.56
4 7 NA 8.76 13.38 7.88 1.07
5 52 NA 0.47 45.20 19.28 6.33
6 38 NA 1.51 1.57 20.36 0.85
7 26 NA 2.23 2.14 15.98 0.74
8 o) NA 9.42 10.56 15.43 1.48
Mode g/hp—hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp lb/np—hr_ —g/hp—hr —g/hp—hr so g/hp—hr_—_ag/hp—hr
1 75 0.329 0.19 1.15 8.55 0.32
2 56 0.345 0.50 0.55 6.41 0.18
3 38 0.406 0.71 1.31 5.22 0.23
4 7 0.954 8.35 12.76 7.51 1.02
5 52 0.383 0.18 17.36 7A1 2.43
6 38 0.363 0.55 0.57 7.37 0.31
7 26 0.370 0.83 0.79 5.92 0.27
8 0 NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Ib/np—hr g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr
8—Mode

Weighted 0.376 0.62 3.47 TAZ 0.584



.

*

Appeals Process

Enacted by SB 1874
Administrative Hearing
Conducted by Hearing Officer

Judgements May go to Superior Court
after Final Order

Diesel Emissions

A-14


A-56


TABLE 1. TEST ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS

[ Manutacturer

John Deere Engine Works

Model 4039D 4045D
Use Nonroad Nonroad
Engine Serial Number 4039DF001359939 4045DF001358031
Model Year 1991 1991
Rated Power (bhp) 72 73
Rated Speed (rpm) 2,200 2,200
Peak Torque (ft-lb) 200 212
Peak Torque Speed (rpm) 1,300 1,300
Injection Timing (°BTDC) 15 8
Cylinder Configuration 1-4 4
Bore x Stroke (in) 4.19 x 4.33 4.19 x 5.00
Displacement (in3 -d 239 (3.9) 276 (4.5)
Aspiration Natural Natural
Aftercooting none none



TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD 2.0... eee cece eee een n tenn neta e tenes ii
LIST OF FIGURES 2.0.0... ccc cece eee cee ete n eee teen nee et eeeeeens iv
LIST OF TABLES «2.0.2... ccc cece ete eee tent e eee eneeene v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......... 00s cece e cece eee teen eee ee enne vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 0.0... cece e ccc c eect e een n nee n eee nnes vii
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 6c ccc cece eect eee eet eee e nee teens 1
2. TECHNICAL APPROACH ......... 00.220 cece cee eee cnet eens 2
2.1 Selection of Nonroad Engines for Testing ............-.....000 eee 2
2.2 Transient Tests ..........- ccc eeee + 2
2.3 8-Mode Steady State Test 0.0.2... ee eee eee eee 5
2.4 Federal Smoke Test ......... 0.000 e eee c eee eee 5
2.5 CARB "Snap-Idle" Smoke Test ... 2.2... 0... eee eee eee 5
3. TEST RESULTS ... 0.0... occ ete eee eee tee ee 8

3.1 John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine . .

3.2 John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine 8
4, SUMMARY .. 2.20.6. eee et teen neeeenee 24
APPENDICES

A- CARB “SNAP-IDLE” SMOKE TEST INFORMATION
B- TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4039D NONROAD

ENGINE

C- TRANSIENT TEOM FIGURES FOR JOHN DEERE 4039D NONROAD
ENGINE

D- EIGHT-MODE STEADY-STATE TEST RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4039D
NONROAD ENGINE

E- TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4045D NONROAD
ENGINE

F- TRANSIENT TEOM FIGURES FOR JOHN DEERE 4045) NONROAD
ENGINE

G-  EIGHT-MODE STEADY-STATE RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4045D
NONROAD ENGINE

iii


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

HOT-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-4.5-TH2 RON DIESEL 2D EH-1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D DATE 5/24/92 TIME 11:01 HCR 1.80
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) [-4 COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROHETER 742.4 MH HG (29.23 IN BG) CELL: 75.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 78.1 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 15.6 C (60.1 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.1 C (79.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 11.4 G/KG ( 79.7 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.012
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .980

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 4
DESCRIPTION NYNP LANF LP NWF
TIME SECONDS 295.9 300.0 305.1 306.0
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCPH) 32.59 (1150.9) 32.60 (1151.3) 32.60 (1151.1) 32,60 (1151.1)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFH) 04 ( 1.51) 04 ( 1.51) +04 ( 1.51) +04 ( 1,51)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCFH) 00 (  .0) +00 (  .0) +00(  .0) +00 (— .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCPH) +00 ( .00) +00 ( .00) +00 (00) +00 (00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF) 161.0 ( 5683.) 163.2 ( 5764.) 166.0 ( 5861.) 166.5 ( 5878.)
HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH 24.8) 42/ 24.85 32.2) 42/ 32.24 42.5/ 42/ 42.57 26.8/ 42/ 26.85
BC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 9.2/ 42/ 9.21 $.2/ 42/ 9.21 9.1/ 42/ 9.11 91/ 42/9.
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 11.5/ 13/ 10.19 14,2/ 13/ 12.63 23.6/ 13/ 21.27 9.6/ 13/ 8.49
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPM Af 13/35 1/3/09 3/13/26 2 Bf 17
002 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 3.1 L1/ .2386 40.8/ 11/ .2972 70.8/ LL/ .6185 32.8/ W/ .2277
002 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 10.5/ 11/ .0636 1.7/ U/ .0714 13.7] 1L/ .0846 12.7/ 11/ .0780
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W) -9/ 43/ 18.00 L.l/ 43/ 22.42 2.5/ 43/ 52.30 .8/ 43/ 17.73
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH Af Qf 42 oy 3. Af af a2 Sf af 52
DILUTION PACTOR 55.36 44.42 21.44 57.96
EC CONCENTRATION PPH 15.80 23.24 33.89 17.90
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 9.62 12.24 20.37 8.12
002 CONCENTRATION PCT 1761 2274 -5378 1510
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 17.59 22.12 51.90 17.22
HC HASS GRAMS 1.461 2.180 3,232 1.712
CO MASS GRAMS 1,802 2.325 3.936 1,574
(C02 MASS GRAHS 518.58 679.07 1633.29 460.02
NOX HASS GRAMS 5.482 6.990 16.682 5.551
FUEL KG (LB) +165 (— .36) +217 (— .48) 518 (1.14) «147 (£32)
KW HR (HP HR) 4B (64) +68 ( .91) 2.07 { 2.77) 47 (63)
‘TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 2.326 { 1.734) ( 1.73) (CONT) 90 MH FILTER NUMBERS P90-109 P90-110
BSCO G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 2.611 { 1.947) ( 1.95) 90 MM FILTER WI. GAINS (HG) 3.158 = .287
BSNOX G/KW ER (G/HP BR) 9.402 ( 7.011) ( 7.01) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 2.633

PARP. G/KW ER (G/BP ER) 713 ( .532) (_ .53)
BSPC KG/KW ER (LB/EP HR) 284 (.467)
WORK WER (HP ER) 3.69 (4.95)
BSCO2 G/KW ER {G/HP HR) 892. ( 665.)


I

}

Second & Subsequent Year
Proposed Smoke Standards*

(Peak Opacity)

(C) 1974 and Newer Model-Year Engine Families ©

40 %

(D) 1973 and Older Model- Year Engine Families |

55 %

| * Exemptions May Se Warranted Per Manufacturer

Diese! Vehicles
« Governor

* Trap
+ Other

Emission Controls Inspection

Gasoline Vehicles
* Catalyst

+ EGR

+ Air Injection
* Evap System
* Other

A-if


mg/Cubic Meter

25

20

15-

10

FIGURE F5. JD-4.5-TC4 TEOM DATA

,_|

\

| |
Waal

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100011001200

Seconds


A~42

[rhs Page Blaok |


2183. Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Control System Inspection.

(a) The heavy-duty diesal-powered vehicle emission control components
subject to inspection for tampered or defective conditions
include, but are not limited to, the following:

(b)

QQ)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)

(8)
(3)

The engine governor.

Any seals and/or covers protecting the air-fue} ratio
adjustments.

Any fuel injection pump seals and covers.
The air claaner and flow restriction indicator.
The exhaust gas recirculation valve.

The particulate matter trap system or catalytic converter
System, including pipes and valves.

Related hoses, connectors, brackets, and hardware for thesa
components.

Engine computer controls, related sensors, and actuators.

Emission contro} label.

(10) Any other emissions-relatad components for a particular

vehicle/angine as datermined from the manufacturer's
specifications, emission control label, certification data,
or published vehicle parts manuais.

The heavy-duty gasoline-powered vehicle emission control
components subject to inspection for tampered or defective
conditions, include, but are not limited to, the following:

Q)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(6)

The air injection system.

The positive crankcase ventilation system.

The exhaust gas recirculation system.

The catalytic converter, including pipes and valves..
The evaporative emission contro] system.

Related hoses, connectors, brackets, and hardware for these
components.

A-st


SwRI 08-4855-150

DYNAMOMETER TESTING OF NONROAD DIESEL
ENGINES TO SUPPORT NONROAD REGULATIONS

Prepared by

Michael J. Smith
Department of Emissions Research
Automotive Products and Emissions Research Division
Southwest Research Institute
San Antonio, Texas

FINAL REPORT

Prepared for

Sierra Research
1521 | Street
Sacramento, California 95814

dune 1992

RESEARCH INSTITUT
HOUSTO
WASHINGTON, D

ozm



ENGINE EHISSION RESULTS

COMPOSITE PROJECT 30. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3.9-THa RUN DIESEL 2) EH-1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/ 4/92 TIHE HR 1.80
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 742.4 HH HG (29.23 IN HG) CELL: 74.0 F RH 54.0 PCT AH 69.9 GR/LB © ENGINE DEW PT. 15.4 C (59.7 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 11.2 G/RG ( 78.6 GR/LB) NOX HUHIDITY C.F. 1.009

BSNOX
PART.

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .982

COMPOSITE TEST RESULTS,COLD AND HOT CYCLES

G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 1.965 ( 1.466) ( 1.47) BSEC_ G/KW BR (G/HP HR) .297 (488)
G/KW BR (G/HP BR) 4.123 ( 3.075) ( 3.07) BSOO2G/KW HR (G/EP HR) 932. ( 695.)
G/KW BR (G/HP BR) 10.148 ( 7.567) (7.57)
G/KW AR (G/HP HR) 847 (632) (.63)


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) [-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 739.6 HM BG (29.12 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.8 C (82.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUKBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCH)
TOT. SOMM RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP) ~

EC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
BC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
CO2 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAHS
CO MASS GRAKS
02 MASS GRAHS
NOX MASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW GR (BP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSEC G/KW ER (G/HP BR) -600 (
BSCO G/KW HR (G/HP ER) 846 (
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/BP BR)
PART. G/RW HR (G/HP BR) +686 (
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/EP BR) =. 203 (
WORK Kw BR (BP GR) 2.39 (
BSCO2 G/RW HR (G/HP ER} 643. (

9,599 ( 7.158) ( 7.16) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-4.5-8H-5-2 ROW
DATE 5/26/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 57.0 PCT AB 83.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HOM. 10.8 G/KG { 75.5 GR/LB)

1
210.0
32.35 (1142.3)
204 (1.44)
00 { — .0)
200 { .00)
113.4 ( 4003.)

B.3/ 42/ 28.28
6.7/ 42/ 6.71
17.8/ 13/ 15.91

Af 3/09
83.3/ Lf .7876
8.5/ 1L/ .0509
7.3) 43/105.76

wl 3/26

16.92
21.97
15.30
+7398
105.52

1.431
2.019
1534.24
22.906
485 (1.07)
2.39 (3.20)

447) (45) (CONT)
631) (63)

511) (51)
334)
3.20)
479.)

90 MH PILTER NUMBERS
90 MH FILTER WI. GAINS (MG) 1.966 .091
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
HCR 1.80

EH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.7 € (58.5 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.001
DRY-TO-WET C.P. 974

PQQ-151 P90-152

1.636

G-i


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 745.7 HM HG (29.36 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.1 C (79,0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCMM (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCFH)

TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)

TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF}

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
BC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE NETER/RANGE /PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

$.S. PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
TEST JD-3.9-8H-3 ROW DIESEL 2D EN~1392-F
DATE 5/ 6/92 TIME HCR 1.80

COMPUTER PROGRAM DT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 PCT 28 62.8 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 13.6 C (56.4 F)
ENGINE ABS. HUN. 9.9 G/KG ( 69.3 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .985
DRY-TO-WET C.F, 980

1
1200.1
32.67 (1153.5)
+04 ( 1.53)
+00 (0)
00 { .00)
654.3 { 23103.)

29.2/ 42/ 29.24
5.5/ 42/ 5.51
25.0/ 13/ 22.57

3/ Bf 26
T4Af LL) .6647
8.5/ 11/ .0509

.6/ 43/ 54,04

NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH a4f 2/42
DILUTION FACTOR 20.00
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 24.01
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 21.73
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 6164
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 53.65
EC MASS GRAMS 9.024
CO MASS GRAMS 16.549
(C02 HASS GRAHS 7378.26
NOX MASS GRAHS 66.148
FUEL KG (LB) 2.336 ( 5.15}
KW BR (HP BR) 9.45 ( 12.67)
TOTAL RESDLTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 955 (712) ( .71) (CONT) 90 MM PILTER NUMBERS P90-55 — P90-56
BSCO G/KW HR (G/HP HR) =—1.752 ( 1.306) ( 1.31) 90 MH PILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 3.566 © .265
BSROX G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 7,001 ( 5.221) ( 5.22) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 2.889
PART. G/RW ER (G/HP ER) +306 (228) ( .23)
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/HP BR) 247 (406)

WORK «KW ER (HP mR) 9.45 ( 12.67)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/BP HR) 781. ( 582.)


mg/Cubic Meter

FIGURE F3. JD-4.5-TH2 TEOM DATA

25

20

15

10

rabahy Wawel,

Wh
0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100011001200
Seconds


FOREWORD

This project was performed for Sierra Research by the Department of Emissions
Research, Automotive Products and Emissions Research Division, Southwest Research
Institute. The statement of work, Work Assignment 05, Contract 68-C1-0079, was issued
by EPA on December 19, 1991. It was titled, "Dynamometer Testing of Nonroad Diesel
Engines to Support Nonroad Regulations." SwRI’s revised response to the Work
Assignment was submitted to Sierra Research on February 7, 1992. Test work began in
April 1992 and was completed in May 1992.

The work assignment project officer was Mr. Tom Snyder of the U.S. EPA Motor
Vehicle and Fuels Emissions Laboratory, Certification Division. Project funding was
provided to SwRI by Sierra Research. The Principal Investigator for SwRI was Michael J.
Smith, Engineer, Department of Emissions Research. Project Manager for SwRI Project No.
08-4855 was Mr. Jeff J. White, Manager of Certification, Audit, and Compliance.

ii


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.2 MH BG (29.14 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEHP. 25.6 C (78.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUKBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOT. SOM RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHM (SCPH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPM
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPM
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGR/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PCT
NOX SAMPLE MEPER/RANGE/PPM (W)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPA

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
CO2 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

BC MASS GRAMS
CO ASS GRAHS
02 HASS GRAMS
NOX MASS GRAMS
FUEL XG (LB)
RW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSC G/KW BR (G/HP HR) = —-1.905 (
5

BSCO. G/KW ER (G/HP HR) = 5.599
BSNOX G/KW BR (G/EP BR) 10.183

421) ( 1.42) (CORT)
176) ( 4.18)

ENGINE EXISSION RESULTS
COLD-TRANS

TEST JD-3.9-1C6 RON
DATE 5/12/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAM ADT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 60.0 PCT AH 89.0 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.4 G/KG ( 72.7 GR/LB)

1 2
AYNF LANF
295.6 300.0
32.45 (1145.7) 32.43 (1145.1)
+05 ( 1.93) 05 ( 1.93)
00 (  .0) 200 (  .0)
00 ( .00) +00 ( .00)

160.1 ( 5654.) 162.4 ( 5735.)

10.3/ 43/ 20.80 13.9/ 43/ 28.07

2.6/ 43/ 5.22 2.8/ 43/ 5.62
44.3/ 13/ 41.14 26.5/ 13/ 23.98
1.0/ 13/87 “Bf 79

39.3/ 11) .2837
10.6/ 11/ .0642
L.I/ 43/ 21.92

42.6/ 11/ .3137
10.7/ 11/ .0649
1.2/ 43/ 25.53

4] 2) AR “lf 2.10
46.24 42.03
15.70 22.58
39.28 22.61
2208 2503
2.51 5.43
1.444 2.107
7.322 4.276
646.89 743.84
6.549 7.853

.208 (46) 1238 (52)

53( 71) .70( .94)

594) ( 7.59) (CONT)
PART. G/KW BR (G/EP BR) 1.106 ( .825) ( .83)
BSFC KG/KW BR (LB/HP HR) ©—.298 ( .490)
WORK RW BR (BP BR) 3.80 ( 5.10)
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP ER) 933. ( 696.)

90 HH FILTER NUMBERS
90 WM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 6.785 297
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 4,208

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
BCR 1.80

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.2 C (57.5 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .994
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .977

3 4
uF NYP
305.0 305.8
32.41 (1144.3) 32.45 (1145.8)
05 (1.93) 05 ( 1.93)
.00( .0) .00( 0)
.00 (00) .00 (  .00)
165.0 ( 5827.) 165.7 ( 5850.)

16.0/ 43/ 32.19 8.8/ 43/ 17.63

2.8/ 43/ 5.62 2.8/ 43/ 5.62
31.2/ 13/ 28.42 27.7/ 13/ 25.10
1.0/ 13/87 Lf 13/8?

69.9/ 11/ .6073
10.3/ 11/ .0623
2.8/ 43/ 59.35

33.5/ 1/2335
1L.3/ L1/ .0688
.9/ 43/ 18.82

2/2/21 Sf 2/52
21.85 56.36
26.83 12.11
26.72 23.66
5478 +1660
59.15 18.31
2.543 1.153
5.133 4.564

1653.82 502.97
18.558 5.767
+525 (1.16) «161 ( .36)
2.04 (| 2.74) 53 (.71)

P90-89 — P90-90

B-4


TABLE 18. JOHN DEERE 4045D TRANSIENT/8—MODE COMPARISON

TEST TEST MAPPED EMISSIONS (G/HP -HR) BSFC

DATE NO. HP BSHC | BSCO | BSNOx PM peIHP-HR
TRANSIENT TESTS
§/21/92 | JD—4.5-CH1 77 1,66 2.06 7.15| 0,552 0.474
5/25/92 | JD-—4.5-—CH4 77 1.70 2.13 6.99} 0.625 0.479
TRANSIENT AVERAGE 77 1.68 2.10 7.07{ 0.589 0.477
8—MODE TESTS

5/26/92 | 8—-MODE #1 0.91 1.63 6.05} 0.397 0.382
8-MODE #2 0.86 1.44 6.11} 0.359 0.373
8—MODE AVERAGE 0.89 1.54 6.08] 0.378 0.378
PERCENT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN -47 -27 -14 -36 21

TRANSIENT & 8—-MODE AVERAGES

25


5.2 Intake air (emoerature should be controlled between 20 and
19°C (68 and 86°F) Higher air cemperatures may be used if desired.
sut no allowance shail be mage for posivie increavea smoke emisnons
vecause of such conditions. (See Appendix A.)

5.8 Fuel Specifications

$4.1 The dresei fuels emploved shall be ciean and bright with pour
nd cloud point adequate for operability. The fuels may contain non
yetalbe additives 35 follows cetane tmprovers, metal deacivators. ante.
udants, dehaze-, arurux. pour depressant, die. and dispersant.

53.2 Fuel meeting the following specifications or subsanually equis-
‘emt shall de used im quainy aude testing for exhaust emustions from
level engines. The grade of fuel recommended by the engine manufac-
arer for the specific mace shall be used for tesuing, commernaliv der
mated as ASTM D 975 Trpe / or Trpe 2 Following ts the ASTM D
75 speesfication for Type 2 fuel. This fuel shail be satisfactory for most
udit testing.

—_ ASTI Toot

Mathed Me, Type 20
Come he. oor om
Seatinten temge ot 340-840
90% pom
Gromay "AA om -
Tones Sather, % 0 129 0 2072 05 as
Panis Pea“? on 123 ae
Vecuasy, commemtoe 0 aes, 2043

5.3.3 In cases where the manufacturer bdeheves the emnsyun rate of
ae engine famuiv 1s sigmificantty influenced by fuel characternucs, the
oHowing typical Type 2-D fuel blending guidelines’ can be used to
2eedy fuel for exhaust emruion testing.

= ASTA Tow
neta a, Type 1.0
Comme Me, oes ase
Cntfiones tonpe
oy 30.390
10% pom. “t 47. 400
50% pom.“ 372
We com. “7 dag - 000
° 810 « os
y) O17 Mem
Tenet Sather bees Dt29 er © 2622 or 0 4204 02-06
Armes VM otae meas
Rach Paint.“ oe 100 oe
Vecmmy @ 40°C. Se | 0 44S 23.37
Camg Pome. + hem 0 2800 -

54 An exhaust back presmure of 6.75 234 kPa (2 = {in He)
.nould be marnuined at full ioad rated speed. A higher back pressure
nav be matmained. however, no ailowances far any increase yn ems
uons shall be applred to the data.

3.3 With the engine operating at full laad power, rated speed. the
‘make restriction 1 (0 be adjusted to the required value per the fallow-
ng formula to provide compensation for barametnc and vapor pres
are changer:

IR = $38 (B. - 2900 + Re

TE eT) 17 kPa af water

t
Ih = 13.6 (Ba — 2900 + EEE oy aches of water?

Nore: Should IR catculate to be a negative number, then the follow
\ng Options are available.

55.1 Presunze the intake (eombusnen) air system

5.5.2 Delay testing unul sufficientiv high barometne pressure pre

5.5.9 Proceed with tes, but recogmze that the effect will normally
be to read higher or lower vaiues than would be the case where full
comphance with this section 13 posible

3.6 Span smokemeter circunt to establish rero and 100% opacity
values. (Allow for the meter circuit to statnhve per manufacturer s in-
ureetons.)

5.7 Operate the engine in the manner required by the Smoke
tmauan Test Cvele (Section 6)

“EPA inmually evadinhed these olemdine quidelmes in 1977 revned them in

A-58

SL

5. Smoke Emmunen Test Crele—Conduct eacn «mone emnuon test
specified in Section 5 according to the following wequence Ser Apren-
dix B for tpreal «moke test evcle trace)

6.1 Lu Mode=When tet condinent (Seciinn 51 are ful
filled, and wih the engine operating at full Inad oexer and rateo
speed, enermze the data processing equipment and graquaily chance
the dynamometer load to reduce engine speed (rom ratea «peg to in
termediate ipeed sithin 20-40 5 Deceieratinn auring this lugaonn
mode to be linear within = 100 rpm.

6.2 Transitional Mode—if deured. deenereve data processing
equipment after engine reaches intermediate «

6 2.1 Remove the load from the engine and close the fuei contrai le-

ver.

6.2.2 Set preload on drnamamerer a required tn perinem the accel
eration called for in paragraph 6.5.3.

6.2.3 Time mterval between cloung of fuel control lever after iue-
down mode and opening of fuel control lever (paracraph 6 8) for
start of accelerauen made 1s 50-90 s.

6S Acceleration Mode

6.3.1 Enerpre the data processing equipment. if needed However
data from the first evcle «sil not be used for data anaes or correia-
ton,

6.3.2 Open the fuel control lever graduaily to cause the engine to ac-
celerate smoothly from idle speed to 200 + 50 rpm acne the manufac-
turer s recommended sdie speed in 3-5 5. then snap the fuel control le-
ver full open to cause she enmme to acceierate agzinu the
dynamometer inertia and joad (a1 required)

6.3.3 The acceteration rate must be coniroiied bv inad and. or iner-
ua adjustment to ensure that the engine accelerates from 200 = 50
rpm above the manufacturer s recommended low idle speed througn
85% (see note} of raved speed in 3 $-6.5 «, with this aceelerauon being
linear within & 100 rpm.

Nore: For reasons of simpheny and ease of operation it 1s allowable
that 85% of rated speed be rounded off to the nearest 100 rpm: exam-
ples. for 2100 rpm rated speed. use 1800 rpm: far 18N0 rpm rated
speed, use 1500 rpm. and s0 forth.

6.4 Transitional Mode—After the acceteraimm mone hav been
completed and the engine reaches ns maximum speed [ihe macumum
speed obtained will be greater than 85°F of rateo speed. with exact sal-
ue a funevon of appied and engine powers

6.4.1 Start cloung the fuel control lever between 95 and 0% af rat-
ed rpeed. The fuel contro! lever must reach the ale speen posinion
wthin toa.

6.4.2 Remove the drnamnmeter toad. if anv
4.3 Appty the preset load or inads to perinrm the acceleranion ¢3i-
led for in paragraph 6 5. Allow the eneme sneed ca dron tn the mer:
mediate speed = 100 rpm.

6.5 Acceterence Mode—Rapdiy move the fuei enntrni lever in
the fuil open posiien and accelerate the eninne againu a dvnamnmerer
load whedule such that engine speed reaches 95-109 of rated «peed
in B12 3,

6.8 Repest paragraphs 6.1-65 to mba dara for anaives Addi.
tional cyetes mav be performed at the option af the manufacturer if
there fs any questeon as to erie to evcte variation Sections af ahme a.
cle may be omiited if they are not needed for correiation under Secrinn
10.
7. Smoke Mearering Equipment end Intrementaron—The fnllawine
equipment and unarumentation ms required tn enniduct the emake emie
son test”

2.1 An engme dmamometer sath adequate characteries to per.
form che tevs required br the test method

2.2 An mrake sritem of proper diameter and surtable lengrh for
the engme being tested. with provisions for adjusting restricting tn en:
able compliance with parsgraph 5 5

7.3 An exhaust svetem of the proper diameter and «uitable tength
for the engine bemg tested with proerinn far mounting the «make oes:
cameter. (See Appendices C.D. and F.) The svstem mua be sdeauste
to impose a back pressure within the limite soeeified uncer paragrapn
54

A muffier or coltector system may be used if it does not rane the
back re tmits bevond those epecified in paragraph 44

7.4 A full Mow, light extinction ocacimeter meeting the eeram-
mended af garagraph 7401 iste be monmted in the et
haust system SAF JS5 (Ref I). contains methods for running engine
tests and guidelines for the correiation oi reaaings hetwern enact:
meters



(2) The owner of a vehicie that is cited for the first time and
for which demonstration of correction is not provided within
forty-five (45) calendar days from personal mail or certified
mail receipt of the citation shall provide demonstration of
correction and pay the minimum penalty of three hundred
dollars ($300) and the basic penalty of five huncred dollars
(3800) for a total of eight hundred dollars ($800).
Scheolbuses are exempt from the three hundred dollar ($300)
minimum penalty for the first violation only.

(3) The owner of a vehicle that is cited within one year from the
issuance of a pravious citation for that vehicle shall within
forty-five (45) calendar days from personal or certified mai!
receipt of the current citation provide demonstration of
correction and pay the penalty of one thousand five hundred
dollars ($1,500) and the minimum penalty of three hundred
dollars ($300) for a total of one thousand eight hundred
dollars ($2,800).

¢b}(c) If a vehicle fails the test procedure or an emission contro!
System inspection one year or more after the date of its previous
failure, the owner of that vehicle shall be subject to the penalty
schedule in (&} (1) and (2) above.

{ej{d) If a bona fide change of vahicle ownership occurs between
non-related persons or entities and the vehicle is subsequently
cited within one year of the previcus citation, the new owner
shall be subjact to the penalty schedule in (a) (1) and (2) above.

¢4}{2) An owner who has been cited twice or more for tampered
emission controls on the same vehicle shall be subject te the
penalty in (a) (3) above.

--M-

A-53


model year engine families. For 1990 model year and older engine families, the limit is 55
percent. There are provisions for exemptions if manufacturers demonstrate that their
engine cannot meet these standards when operating properly. After 1991, the proposed
smoke standards limit the average peak opacity to 40 percent for 1974 and newer model-
year engine families, and 55 percent for 1973 and older model-year engine families.

For this program, Snap-Idle tests were performed after the Federal Smoke tests
were complete. When the engine had been fully warmed using the test cell dynamometer,
the drive coupling between the engine flywheel and the dynamometer was removed. This
de-coupling procedure was followed because of concern that the inertia of the large electric
dynamometer would be much greater than for actual roadside test conditions. However,
inertial and parasitic loads not simulated in this laboratory setting include rotating masses
of the power steering pump, air compressor, air conditioning compressor, fan horsepower,
etc. Once the engine-to-dynamometer drive coupling was removed, the electric starter
motor mounted on the engine was used to start the engine, and the Snap-Idle tests were
performed.


threats. The ARB is deveiaping air toxic control
measures on an on-going basis under the provisions of
AB 1807 of 1983.

CONTROLS FOR DIESEL EXHAUST ENISSIONS

The primary means for cantrotling diesel exhaust
emissions ara:

lL.

Adoption of technology forcing emission
standards. S8eginning with the 1991 model year
for transit bus engines and 1994 model year for
heavy-duty truck engines, heavy-duty engine
manufacturers must design engines whtch meet a
-l grams per brake horsepower hour (g/bhp-hr)
standard for particulates and 5.0 g/bhp-nr
standard for NOx emissions. These standards
lead to anginsering augmentations to engine
designs. Common areas of augmentation include:
cylinder redesign and other internal engine
modifications, turbocharger/supercharger
redesign, intercooler applications, improved
fuel injactton systems featuring electronic
controls, exhaust gas recirculation, catalytic
trap axtdtzer and particulate trap oxidizer
development.

Fuel regulations. The A&B has adopted
regulations which regulate the maximum allowable
sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of
diesel fuel to 0.05 percent and 10 percent by
weight raspectively. Reductions in sulfur and
aromatic hydrecarbon levels are expected to
result in reductions of NOx, SOx and PM
emissions. Additionally, under the provisions
of A8 1107 of 1989, further research will be
conducted aimed at identifying additional means
of reducing harmful emissions from diese! fuel
combustion. Finally, heavy-duty engine
manufacturers are dasigning and tasting
protatype engines which operate with alternative
fuels such as methanol.

Inspection programs. California's HOVIP ts one
of many heavy-duty vehicle emissions tnspection
programs operated in the nation. Other states,
including Nevada, Colorado, Oregon, Arizona and
New Jersay, currently operate heavy-duty vehicle
emissions inspectton programs. In the South
Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD)

A-a3


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 730.9 HM HG (29.17 IW HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 20.0 C (68.0)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

5.5.

TEST JD-4.5-8H4
DATE 5/26/92

COMPUTER PROGRAM
CELL 4

CELL:

RON

‘TIME

DT 1.0-C

BAG CART 1

76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.7 GR/LB

ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.5 G/KG ( 80.2 GR/LB)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUHBER 1
TIME SECONDS 1200.1
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFM) 32,52 (1148.2)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFM) +04 ( 1.53)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHM (SCFH) 00 (  .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM {SCFH) 00 (  .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF) 651.3 ( 22997.)

BC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH

62.9/ 42/ 62.95

HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH Tp ay 7.71
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 43.7/ 13/ 40.54
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH .9f 13/79
CO2 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 45.5/ 11) .3409
C02 BCKGRD KETER/RANGE/PCT B.1/ L1/ .0483
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH () 13/ 43/ 25.93
NOX BCKGRD KETER/RANGE /PPH 6/2/62
DILUTION FACTOR 38.16

HC CONCENTRATION PPH 55.44

CO CONCENTRATION PP 38.76

(002 CONCENTRATION PCT +2939

NOK CONCENTRATION PPH 25.32

HC MASS GRAKS 20.743

CO MASS GRAKS 29.384
02 HASS GRAMS 3501.14
NOK HASS GRAKS 32.971
FUEL XG (1B) 1.135 (2,50)
KW ER (BP OR) 1.93 (2.59)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW ER (G/HP HR)

BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR)
BSPC XG/KW ER (LB/HP HR}
WORK KW BR (EP ER)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP BR)

10.740 ( 8.009) { 8.01) (CONT)
15.214 (11.345) (11.35)
16.554 (12.344) (12.34) (CONT)
1.884 ( 1.405) ( 1.40)
588 (  .966)
1.93 (2,59)
1813, ( 1352.)

90 HM FILTER NUMBERS

90 MH FILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

OIESEL = 2D
ACR 1.80

HH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.7 C (60.2 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.014
DRY-TO-WET C.F, .978

P90-133 P90-134
4.527.310
3.638


Stata of California
AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Resalutian 90-64
November 8, 1990

Agenda Item No.: 90-18-2

WHEREAS, Sections 39600 and 39601 of the Heaith and Safety Code authorize
the Air Resources Board (the “Board") to adopt standards, rules and
regulations necessary for the proper execution of the powers and duties
granted to and imposed upon the Board by law;

WHEREAS, in Section 43000 of the Health and Safety Code, the Legislature has
declared that the emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles is the
primary cause of air pollution tn many parts of the state and, in Sections
38002 and 39003 of the Heatth and Safety Code, has charged the Board with

the responsibility of systematically attacking the serious air potlution
problem caused by motor vehicles;

WHEREAS, in Section 43000.5, the Legislature has declared that the burden
for achieving needed reductions in vehicle emissions should be distributed
equitably among various classes of vehicles, including heavy-duty vehicles,

to accomplish improvements in both the emissions level and in-use
performance;

WHEREAS, Section 43013 of the Health and Safety Code authorizes the Board to
adopt in-use performance standards and regulations to control air pollutton
from motor vehicles, which the Board has found to be necessary, cost-
effective, and technologically feasible;

WHEREAS, Section 43018 of the Health and Safety Code directs the Board to
endeavor to achieve the maximum degree of emtssion reduction from vehicular
sources to accomplish the attainment of State ambient air quality standaras
by the earliest practicable data through achteving the maximum feasible
reductions in mobile source emissions, including particulates;

WHEREAS, Section 44011.6 of tha Health and Safety Code directs the Board to
develop, as expeditiously as possible, a test procedure for the detection of
excessive smoke emissions frem heavy-duty diesel motor vehicles and visual
or functional inspection procedures to determine the presence of tampering
or defective emissions control systems in Neavy-duty diesel- or gasoline-
powered motor vehicles and to prohibit the use of these vehicles until such
time as the owner corrects every specified deficiency;

WHEREAS, Section 44011.6 of the Health and Safety Code directs the Board to
prohibit by regulation the use in California of heavy-duty motor vehicles

which are determined to have excessive spoke emissions or other emission-
Tealated defects;

AGS


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE = 4.5 £(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 738.9 HM HG (29.09 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.9 C (84.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOP. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHN (SCPH}
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SOM {SCFM}
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES SCP)

BC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
EC BCRGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
00 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH

DILOTICN PACTOR

EC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPM
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION FP

3C MASS GRAKS
CO HASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAMS
NOX MASS GRAMS
FUEL G (LB)
RW GR (BP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSC G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
3SCO  G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW GR (G/HP BR)
PART. G/RW BR (G/HP BR)
BSFC KG/KW GR (LB/EP BR}
WORK KW BR (HP BR)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/EP BR)

G-20

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
5.8.

TEST JD-4,5-8H-8-2 RON
DATE $/26/92 TINE
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 FP RH 57.0 PCT 2H 83.8 GR/EB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.3 G/RG { 79.2 GR/LB)

1
1200.1
32.38 (1143.5)
04 (1.44)
00 (0)
00 { .00)
648.5 { 22900.)

26.1/ 42/ 26.18
5.0/ 42/ 5.01
9.0/ 13/ 7.95
1.2f 137 1.05
49.8/ 13/ .1128
24.1/ 13/ .0516

«lf 3/ 5.98
1.0/ 1.27

(CONT) 90 MH FILTER NUMBERS

90 MM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

(COT)

PROJECT 10. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
HCR 1.30

EH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.4 C (59.8 P)
WOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.011
DRY*T0-WET C.F. .980

P90-157  P90-158
1.805 LL
1.519


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD~4045D
ENGINE §=4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.9 MM HG (29.17 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 20.0 C (68.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECOHDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 90HM RATE SCH (SCPH)
TOP. 20X20 RATE SCH (SCFH)
TOP. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCH (SCFH)
TOTAL PLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPM
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
O2 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT
BOX SAMPLE METER/RAHGE/PPH (#)
WOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPM
CO2 COBCENTRATION PCT
OX CONCENTRATION PPH

3C MASS GRAHS
CO MASS GRAHS
02 MASS GRAMS
‘WOX MASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
Kw ER (HP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP HR)
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/HP ER)

WORK RW BR (HP BR}
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/EP ER}

1.611 ( 1.201) ( 1.20) (CONT)
BSCO  G/KW BR (G/HP BR) = 2.959 ( 2.206) ( 2.21)

7,300 ( 5.443) ( 5.44) (CONT)
PART. G/KW BR (G/HP ER) 512 (
BSPC KG/RW BR (LB/HP BR) = .258 (

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-4.5-8H3 ROW
DATE 5/26/92 TIME 9:55
COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.2 G/KG ( 71.6 GR/LB)

l
1200.1
32.41 (1144.5)
204 (1.48)
00 (  .0)
.00 ( .00)
649.1 ( 22921.)

48.3/ 42/ 48.37
7.8) 42/ 7.82
41.5/ 13/ 38.38
.0/ 13/00
76.6/ 11) .6939
8.2/ Uy .0490
17] 43] 56.76
o5/ 2f 52

19.08
40.98
37.4
6475
56.27

15.281
28.064
7689.49
69.240
2.445 (5.39)
9.49 ( 12.72)

-382) (38)
424)

9.49 ( 12.72)
811. ( 605.)

90 HM FILTER NUMBERS
90 HM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 5.875 284
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 4,857

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL = 2D
ECR 1.80

EX-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 13.9 C (57.1 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F, .991
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .975

P80-131 P9O-132


A-44

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)
(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

"Demonstration of correction” means a repair receipt froma
repair facility, a completed work order from a fleet repair
or fleet maintenance facility, or successful completion of a
post-repair test or inspection.

"Driver has the same meaning as defined in California
Vehicle Code section 305.

“Emission control label” means the label required by the
“California Motor Vehicle Emission Control Label
Specifications*, incorporated by reference in 13 CCR,
Ssection 1965, or Title 40, Code of Federal Requiations (40
CFR), Ssection 85.874-35 or 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart A.

“Emission contro! system® means the pollution control
components on an engine at the time of its engine family
certification, including, but not limited to, the emission
control label.

“Executive Officer’ means the Executive Officer of the Air
Resources Board or his or her designee.

"Fleet" means three (3) or more heavy-duty vehicles.

“Full power position® means the throttle position at which
the engine fuel delivery is at maximum flow.

“Heavy-duty vehicle" means a vehicle having with 67003
peunds 2 manufacturer's maximum gross vehicle weight rating
(GVWR) of 6,00) or more pounds and greatery

"Inspection procedure* means the test procedure specified in
section 2182 and the emission controlssystem inspection
specified in section 2183.

“Inspection site" means an area including a random roadside
location, a weigh station, or a fleet facility selected used
for the purpose of conducting the heavy-duty vehicle test
procedure and ep,emission control system inspection, or

“Inspector” means an Air Resources Board employee whose
primary duty ts enforcing Health and Safety Code section
44011.6 and Title 13, CCR section 2180 et seq.

“Issuance” means the date the citation is mailed to. or
personally handed by an inspector to, the owner.


State of California
Air Resources Board

Heavy-Duty Vehicle
Smoke and Tampering
Inspection Program

& )
f
rE

Key Highlights

Heavy-Duty
Vehicle Inspection Program

: Purpose of the Program
* To Improve Air Quality

+ Address Public Concern Over Smoking Vehicies
"+ To Fulfill Mandates of Senate Bill 1997

| Goal of the Program

‘« Reduce Excessive Smoke Emissions and Tampering
from Heavy-Duty Diesei & Gas Powered Vehicles

* Out-of-State Vehicles included

A-S


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL $1 JD-4045D
ENGINE §=4.5 L(275. CID) [-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROKETER 739.9 HM RG (29.13 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 24.4 C (76.0)

BAG RESOLTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCPH)
‘TOT. 9OHH RATE SCHH (SCFM)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCKH (SCFM)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCH {SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

BC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/ PP
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
002 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAMS
CO HASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAS
NOX MASS GRAHS
PUEL XG (LB)
RW BR (BP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

ENGINE EXISSION RESULTS
$.5.

TEST JD-4.5-8H-4-2 ROW
DATE 5/26/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART |

CELL: 78.0 F RH 57.0 PCT AK 83.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.4 G/KG ( 79.7 GR/LB)

1
1200.1
32.42 (1144.6)
+04 ( 1.47)
00 (  .0)
+00 ( .00)
649.2 ( 22923.)

55.9/ 42/ 55.97
6.9/ 42/ 6.91
39.1/ 13/ 36.03
413/38
45.7/ 1p 3428
8.3/ 11/ .0496
13/ @B/ 26.42
15/2/52

38.07
49.24
34.80
+2945
25.91

18.365
26.301
3498.17
32.573
1.131 (2.49)
1.77 (2.38)

BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP RR)
BSCO G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
BSHOK G/KW ER (G/EP BR)
PART. G/KW ER (G/HP ER)
BSFC KG/KW ER (LB/EP BR)
WORK WAR (BP ER)
BSCO2 G/RW ER (G/HP ER)

G-l6

10.348 ( 7.716) ( 7.72) (CONT)
14,819 (11.051) (11.05)
18.353 (13.686) (13.69) (CONT)
1.844 ( 1.375) ( 1.38)

637 ( 1.047)

1.77 (| 2.38)

1971. ( 1470.)

90 HM FILTER HUMBERS

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
BCR 1.80

EM-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.6 C (60.0 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.012
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .978

P90-149 P90-150

90 WH FILTER WI. GAINS (HG) 3.580 627
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 3,273


Recommendations

+ Conduct Proper Maintenance i
(Per Manufacturer's Recommendation) :

« Prevent Engine Tampering !
(Tampering Constitutes Failure) |

« Test Smoke Levels At Regular intervals

i
* Have Engine Properly Identified «+ '
(Correctly Label Engine) i

|

+> Same Engine Families May Ge Exemoted From The
Mors Stringent Standards Upon Proper identification

Smoke Test Equipment

Smoke Meter Strip Chart Recorder

A-17


t/-@

mg/Cubic Meter

25

20

15

10

FIGURE C1. JD-3.9-TC6 TEOM DATA

|

|

J

|

Mi

\s

I
wil

a

a

0
0)

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200

Seconds



A-do

Hydrocarbons (HC) and NOx are gases which combine with
sunlight in the atmosphere to form photochemical
oxidants (SMOG). Smog 1s associated with increased
aggravation of the cardiovascular and respiratory
systems and has been found to increase the incidence
of bronchitis, emphysema and cancer in varrous
epidemiological (public health) studies. Over 50% of
California's population is adversely effected by smog.
Joint ARB and University of California studies show
that smog exposure contributes to 80,000 deaths per
year in California. Also, due to high smog
concentrations in the Los Angeles region, outdoor
exercise 1s cancelled over 100 times per year for
school childran. Smog is also harmful to plants (ana
trees) because it effects respiration and
photosynthesis, damages leaves, reduces crop yreids,
reduces quality and size of crops, and in some
instances causes plant death. Jotnt ARB and
University of California studies have shown that smog
causes agricultural losses totaling over $300 million
annually in California. These studies have also found
that California's major crops grown in the San Joaquin
valley (cotton, grapes, citrus, alfalfa, tomatoes) are
experiencing yield losses of 15-25% due to smog
exposure. There are eleven (11) California cities
which exceed the national health based smog standard
of .12 parts per million (ppm). The majority of
California exceeds the more restrictive state health
standard for photochemical smog (ozone) of .09 ppm.

Particulate emissions are respirable (i.e. readily
inhaled and embedded into the respiratory systam),
contain mutagenic and carcinogenic substances and
contribute to visibility degradation. Particulates
pose a serious threat ta public health because of
their tendency to deposit in the respiratory tract
resulting in respiratory impairment. Particulates are
carriers of numerous toxic compounds which are known
to cause numerous adverse public health impacts.
Particulates alsa adhere to the leaf surfaces of
plants and impair a plant's ability to respire and
photosynthesize. There are five (5) areas in
California that exceed the federal particulate
standard.

Toxic air contaminants pose a serious risk to public
health. The evaluatian and control of toxte air
contaminants is a relatively new area of research.
Specific texic air contaminants, such as benzene, have
bean found to contain numerous carcinogenic and
mutaganic substances which pose serious public health

whe


DEPARTMENT OF EMISSIONS RESEARCH

4 ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS
pate RAW DATA SHEET FOR HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL

Test No. 2 SwRI Project No. C22AZ4S-/£O Project Leader: Sinslh dl
ig A
Test Operator. [Ze adecay No. 4 Engine 1.D. Daze 25 Fuel Codedv7? J S77 ~ f

Engine Configuration:

Measurement Mode | Mode | Mode | Mode | Mode | Mode | Mode | Mode
#l 2 B #4 #5 #6 "1 #8
Torque (ft-1b) £98 1127 189 1/9 lgro Leg los | 2A
Speed (rpm) dvo poe Vva00 Vee |i3pelive [Rou
Power (bhp) 04 SS 39 192 Ine 139 46 1p
Curb Idle (rpm) — —_ — —_ ~~ —_
High Idle (rpm) — — | — — | |
Water Out ("F) W146 170 1/89 1192 |I84 |/3r |ig3 1194
Water In (°F) Wo2_ |129 1/34 92 1/92 1/68 lige 1193
Ou CF) ze lah a6 Nee |220 |eo8 lige 1129
Inlet Aur (°F) 92 194 | 9) 1902 |e 199 [98 199
Fuel (°F) 1o3 |100 19% |ie0 |Ip2 |98 |9% [el
Exhaust (°F) UGE \BbS 1692 14 wot |g/e | é26 1229
Intercooler In (°F) —_ -_ — — | = —_ —
Intercooler Out (°F) _ en a — | —_ _—
Inlet Aur Dewpoint (°F) 54.4 |6y.3 |e09 1595 156.6 Io 8 |o6c 1694
Challer Water (°F) 4 ley |o4 iy 1ey ley sy |54
Barometer (in. Hg) St 105.66 199.46 25.43 199.4) be dt 2940 [3GAf
Inlet Aw Restnet. (in. H20) [745 [4G |/62 Vor 1nd 19.2 183 13.9
Exhaust Restnoton (He) | 769 [7,9 1/5 [17 g@1\1,¢ |,¢ |.l
Fuel Flow (lbpy/hr) 25 |to,¢ |i5.2 16,59 a9 13.5 |G690 LS
Ou Pressure (p51g) 6e \6e |4f I40 |ee iss lye 149
Boost Pressure B-4 IC (psig) | —— — — — |= | |
Boost Press. After IC (psig) | — | — | “7 ee ee ee ee
Engine Hours 1920 172923 1/2329 29003 26.6 [9 0E ya%be
| Date

D-i0


Pld


QQ)

(2)

(3)

{4)

Advise the driver that refusal to submit to the inspection
procedure 18 a violation of these regulations.

Gbtain engine identification information from a vehicle that
has a smoke opasity jeve+ between forty {49} percent and
fitty-five (55) pepaenty when tested pursuant to section
218264315) + to determine which opacity standard specified
in section 2182(a) ap through 2182 ¢b3{d) would apply.

Issue a copy of the citation to the driver of a vehicle that
fails the test procedure or the emission contral system
inspect fon.

Issua a warning to tha owner of a heavy-duty diesel-powered
vehicle missing its emission control label that the engine
seria] or identification number must be provided to the ARB
within thirty (30) calendar days or it will be conclusively
presumed that the vehicle has a certification level equal to
or less than thirty-five (36) percent peak smoke opacity.

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code. Section 305 Vehicle Code.

A-44


“

75:30

DIESEL EMISSION PRODUCTION AUDIT TEST
PROCEDURE—SAE J1243 AUG79

SAE Recommended Practice

“ nner 1918 (emer anes OM

Purgese— Thu SAE Recommended Practice 1 mienaed as a quide far the
‘reaurement and ausessment of transient wmoke and steady wate easevur
emisiNS Imm Neacy GUS sehieulay Gime) enenes an using a shorened,
enmne aynamommer cvtie snich may Oe appieable to proguctiun fine nr
Production auauty aude conditions Kes elements of the procedure cicsels
revempble kes etements of the Federai Test Procedure! used for requiatorn.
approva bs the Laited Sates Guvemnment

Seopem The recommenced practice applies to a production avnamnmerer
tent procedure which can be used 10 messure the smoke and qaseuus emission
characteristics of venicutay cresei enennes This procedure desembes the umake
emesian tet method. sminke tev! cvele, gaseous emrmiun ‘ert methad. tuseous
Fmision teu cvcle equipment insirumentation, caiibranon. data anal
and corrermiwa of rewitt for compan of production engine emussons
Peformance to the requirements of the Fecerai reguiaiions

Vinabont in mnaines. metrumentaioA. and test equipment may require
Tiochfieations to thest procecures or dais teduttion methoes The aceeprabib
tv of (nn procecure 3 dependent upon documented Rateuncel daca appropr-
ate (0 corretare ati teva. data recoruon sechmques, and specu inarrumentas
tion to the required Federal reses.

‘When using the audet test procedure 12 atsexs the emissions performance of
production enmnes connderattons thuvid be gwen tw eapected emmuons
eternration factor and quaidy counted Kens thould be adjusted accord.
ine

Seenensa- The procedure divided inte the tolluwine secituns:

1 Defiattion of Terms and Abbreviations
‘Smoue Emumen Terr Method
Smose Emuaun Tess Cree
Smoke Measunne Equipment snd insirumentatun
Smote Messunng System Cal:branon
Smobe Fmomon Data Anaiven.
Corrrtation of Senoke Measurernents
Gaseous Emrsston Tert Method.
Gascon Emissinn Ter Cveles.
Gaseous Erin Measunne Equipment and Inurumentainin
Gaseous Emrmiun Measuring Syttem Calibratsun
Gaseous Ememon Daia Anaivas.
‘Seteenon of N-Mode Shon Cree
14 Corretanon of Gaseous Emanon Measurements
IS Appencea.

1 Defines of Terms and Abbreccaneet
UT Terms Lied

114 S goucs toe Diese. Exciva—Aav cumpremon vmimos mniemat com.
Dutton eninne Used [0 Propel nndiand. AUNraIL mnbele equipment

112 Diesat swost—Parntes, inctuding arroants, wspended in ihe en:
(Nes gaseous ennaust stream which woscuUre. refect andor retract ight.

113 Gassoes Esusos—subsiance emitted tu the atmasphere froze anv
OpenINE downateram irom ine exhaust puft oh any enenne which « eaezone in
NALUFE when bene emitted.

114 Ravep Baace Powen—The mastmum brake power quiput of as
engine in aslowatts |horepower! as ated DY Ihe manulariurers (SAE Rerom.
mended Practice J816R.1 (Ref. 14

119 Rareo speep—The speed at whch the manutacturer iperiies the
rated brake cower of an enene

116 Prax Toague Spren— The speed st whieh the engine deveings mah
mum vurave as ated by ine manufaciarer

\17 WwreamapiaTs SPEto— The peak torque speed ur FYI of rated speed.
whichever 1 nigher

118 org Serre—The eneine s low ile peed at aperrfied bv the manu
facturer

119 Putt Luao Powta— The power produced, at the speed being conn
efed when the fuel control {evel is placed in the maximum {fuel powtion,

1110 Peacaxt Luso—The fraction of the massmum available torque at
that eneine speed

VER Qracrry— That fracton of light transmitted from a source which 1s
prevented from reachine the obwerver of instrument recewer exprened in
percent (opacity = (U0% (1 = rranumitances!

1112 Suuse Ovacswerts—An opnieal instrument desqned to measure the
Opseity of dieset exhaust guacs. The full flow of exhaust eases pames inrough

WOwHEeL

"
n

12,
a

‘Cade of Federat Revelations, Title 40 Chapter! Part 83—Comires of Aur Polhwnen
(eam New Motor Semews an New Motor Vente Barnes

ihe netieal un One suen smoke ooncimeter si desenbed in nAE lnformation
Repon ja sRef 21 Other of the imine type. are avasiable commercially
I 11d Rasu=The dutance between tero and full-scale detieetsan ol the
TeaQOul device used ith the smoke opacimerer
14 Spax—The distance between rero and 3 tnown upseaie set goin!
1 11S Resa cnioy— The marmum aatmeusshable reading increment tor a
oven recorded trace or scale combinatinn. exprened as a percent af the
recording sytem 9 full scale
1116 13 Mong—A qasenus emraons cvele deseribed in Cade of Federal
Reeulatums Title 40 Chanter 4. Par 5 —Cantros of Air Pallunon from New
Moter Vehscies ana New \owor Vehicle Engines
1,2 Abbrevianons Lied
API —Amencan Petreieyin Instiewe
—Amencan sonery fo Testing and Materia
Boake Horerpewer tulowatcs |
—Urnke Spenne Hvdrecarcons
rake Specie Nuroeen Oxedes
—Brate Speethe Carbon Moncaide
—Drv Garomerne Pretture, Pa iin He}
—Dearers Celsus
—Chematuminescent
—Carbun Monomee
—Concenirsuon
—Humudie Correenua Factur
—Deerbets
Dre Bulb Temperature
—Dupenne infra Red
—Duspersive Ulies ¥ wlet
End Pow
Esha
~! Fahrenhen
—Flame tomzanon Detector
—Federal Rewser

—Feet
—Cam
Humaine cerains of ater per paund of dre air
—Hydrocarons
—Mercury
~Honepoeer
—Hour
—Hent
HO Water
(ep —Ininad Bertine Pont
wn <inehies
IR —imake Renncuon. Pa tin HO
TRanwe =SManufscturer 1s maximum eecummended Intake
Resinctn kPa in HO}
APe aK
kWihp) — —Kelowaits thorepower?
man —Manmam
mn Minimum
mi Meter tieet
mma) enidlemerer ranch)
N lb Newton «pound!
NDIR —Non-Duperuve infea Red
NDvY —Non-Daperuve Ultra biulet
xO —Nune Oude
NO, Onder of Nutowen
ubs Observed
Pa —Pascal
ppm —Pans per milton iwnlumes
pm —=Revoluons per minute
1 —seonds
T Nem tb) — Torque
we —Wet Bulb Temperarure
wr —Werghuing Factors
% — Percent

= —Summainon

2, Smate Emme Test Method
21 Before commenmne the teu eveie the engine a to have met the
manulecturer 1 proguction test specification and is to be operated at full insd

ASF


Penalty Structure

* First Violation
* Second & Subsequent Violations

* Qut-of-Service

First Violation

|
; + $800: If Not Corrected Within 45 Days
|» $300: If Corrected Within 45 Days

5 . Acti
* Monetary Penalty Payment;
+ Repair Receipts or

* Post-Repair Test



ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 1 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROHETER 746.0 HM BG (29.37 IK HG}
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.7 C (80.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 9OMH RATE SCHK (SCF)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCMH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF}

EC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
BC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (¥)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

BC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPM

HC MASS GRAMS
CO ASS GRAMS
C02 MASS GRAMS
NOX MASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
RW BR (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC  G/KW HR (G/HP 8R) -256 (

BSCO  G/KW HR (G/HP HR)

wORK «=—s«XW BR (HP ER)
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP ER)

1.548 ( 1.154) ( 1.15)

BSNOX G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 11.464 ( 8.549) ( 8.55) (CONT)
PART. G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 434 (
BSEC XG/KW BR (LB/EP BR) = —.200 (

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
8.8.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-1 RON
DATE 5/ 6/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAH EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 PCT AH 62.8 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HOH. 11.1 G/RG ( 77.6 GR/LB)

1
600.1
32.59 (1150.6)
+04 (1.57)
00 ( .0)
00 ( .00)
326.4 ( 11524.)

17.5/ 42/ 17.54
5.3/ 42) 5.31
42.3/ 13/ 39.16
1/13/09
59.5/ 3/1.0344
3.4) 3/ .0534
4.1/ 43/170.05
y3/ 1.04

12.88
12.64
37,77
+9851
169.09

2.370
14.349
5881.64
106.259
1.858 { 4.10)
9.27 ( 12.43)

191) (— .19) (CONT)

+323) (32)
329)

9.27 ( 12.43)
635. ( 473.)

90 HH FILTER NUMBERS
90 MH PILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 5.390 =. 103
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 4.018

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
ACR 1.80

FH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.3 C (59.5 F)
NOX HOHIDITY C.F. 1.007
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .976

P90-51 — P90-52


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) 1-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.7 HM HG (29.16 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.7 C (80.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. SOMM RATE SCHH (SCFM)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF)

HC. SANPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
EC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPR
CO. SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
002 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
002 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE KETER/RANGE/PPH (i!)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
COLD-TRANS

TEST

JD-3.9-1C7 RON
DATE 5/13/92

TIME

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C

CELL 4

CELL: 74.0 F RH 58.0 PCT AH 75.0 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 16.5 G/RG (115.3 GR/LB)

1
AYN
295.4
32.62 (1151.6)
06 ( 1.98)
.00( .0)
00 ( .00)
160.9 ( 5680.)

11.0/ 43/ 22.20
3.0/ 43/ 6.02
46.3/ 13/ 43.13

£7) 13/61
38.2/ 11/2739
8.6/ 11/ .0515
LY 43/ 21.64

NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH “laf 10

DILUTION PACTOR 47.79

BC CONCENTRATION PPH 16.30

CO CONCENTRATION PPH 41.51

CO2 CONCENTRATION PCT +2235

NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 21.54

HC MASS GRAHS 1.506

CO HASS GRAHS 7.772

002 MASS GRAHS 657.77

NOK MASS GRAMS 7,401

FUEL XG (LB) 2 (47)

KW ER (HP BR) +52 ( .70)
TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 2.035 517) ( 1.52) (CONT)

BScO. G/KW OR (G/HP BR) 5.621 192) ( 4.19)

BSNOX G/KW BR (G/HP ER) 11.617 663) ( 8.66) (CONT)

PART. G/KW HR (G/BP ER) 1.050 ( .783) ( .78)

BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/HP HR) 302 ( .497)

WORK KW BR (HP ER) 3.79 (5.08)

BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP HR)

947. ( 706.)

BAG CART 1

2

LANF

300.0
32.63 (2152.1)
+06 ( 1.98)
00 (  .0)
+00 ( .00)
163.4 ( 5771.)

14.3/ 43/ 28.75
2.9/ 43/ 5.82
27.9) 13/ 25.29

66/13/52
41.6/ 11/3085
8.7/ 11) .0521
1.2/ 43/ 25.42

ay af 10

43.25
23.06
24.17
«2536
25.32

2.165
4.598
758.12
8.840
243 (— .53)
«M( 95)

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D

EN-1392-F

ACR 1.30

ENGINE DEW PT. 21.3 C (70.4 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.117

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .980
3 4
Lar WYaP
304.9 305.9
32.51 (1148.0) 32.63 (1152.0)
06 ( 1.981 +06 ( 1.98)
-00( 0) 00 (  .0)
00 ( .00) +00 ( .00)
165.5 ( 5844.) 166.6 ( 5884.)

16.5/ 43/ 33.35
2.9/ 43/ 5.82
30.4/ 13/ 27.66

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS

90 HM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG)

9.9/ 43/ 19.91
2.7/ 43) 5.42
23.5/ 13/ 21.17

18/13/70 8/13/70
69.4/ WL) 601. 32.6/ 11) «2178
8.8/ 11/ 0527 —8.9/ 11/ .0534
2.8) 43) 59.56 19) 43) 19.35

2) 3f YM

22.07 60.41
27.79 14.58
26.17 20.01
5507 +1653
59.36 19.04
2.642 1.396
5.042 3.882
1667.50 503.80
20.989 6.779
529 (1.17) 162 (36)
2.08 (2.73) 652 (70)
P90-97  P90-98
6.576.259
3.977

PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST

B-/3


€-2

mg/Cubic Meter

25

20

15

10

FIGURE C5. JD-3.9-TC7 TEOM DATA

|

|

a

Wl

V

0
At

a

0
0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200
Seconds



DEPARTMENT OF EMISSIONS RESEARCH

ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS
RAW DATA SHEET FOR HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL

Test No. Smeal SwRI Project No. ck wire d£o Project Leader: Say Te

Test Operator: Cup -adgcet No. Engine I.D. ____ Fuel Code

Run * |

Engine Configuration:

Measurement Mode
Torque (ft-b) Lg 1323 192 98 Wie Yee lips | 4
Speed (rpm) WA? lneo WI00 goo 1279 [dor oo |25)
Power (obp) Yoslorsl3g 199 Isnvlze [ze | 2
Curb Idle (rpm) —_ — — _ — _ —_ —_
High Idle (rpm) Ice —_— | —_— _ — — __
Water Out (°F) 149 W145 1/8) BS 1197 eu lap | 19S
Water In (°F) 129 lige |e lel | oz tie 1/97 1793
ou CF) 222 1224 12)9 [£04 1407 |a1e |fol | 92
Inlet Air °F) 90_|8oe |9o 198 123 142 ley ler
Fuel (°F) D2 \/e2 |io6 102 |/e3 |/e4 a2 |/ee
Exhaust (°F) (092 |29F | 697| 407 41 8B I LIF [224 |22P7
Intercooler In (°F) _ — —_ —_ —_ — ~~ —_—
Intercooler Out (°F) - — |oamiamie in a
Inlet Aur Dewpomt (°F) 59.8 199.0 154.5 5% Io | sey |59. 4 159.7
Chiller Water (°F) S4  |e4 sy |s4 |e" 154 154 owl
Barometer (in. He) 39 129,28 145.79 14736 129.35 125 34 179.3 4 | 19, 25)
Inlet Aur Restnet. (mn. H20)_ 179.8 | /2, 2113.32 13,6 19,2195 19.6 12.2
Exhaust Restncon(in. Hg) [2.7 |) 8iyc 172 1,8 |.¢ 5 .l
Fuel Flow (Ibyy/tt) 6.9 140 2114.9 16.9 [4-6 113.4 | FI | 14
|| Oil Pressure (psig) 60.0 |£0.0|f0.9| COy\|55 |Fe |F 48
Boost Pressure B-4 IC (psig) - a
Boost Press. After IC (psig) _ _ —_—
| Engine Hours
Date

CB


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

COMPOSITE PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-4.5-THL RON DIESEL 2D EH-1392-F
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D DATE 5/21/92 TIME ECR 1.30
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 742.4 MM HG (29.23 IN HG) CELL: 75.0 P RH 59.0 PCT AH 78.1 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 16.1 C (61.0 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 11.8 G/KG ( 82.4 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.020
DRY-TO-WET C.P.  .980

COMPOSITE TEST RESULTS,COLD AND HOT CYCLES

BSHC —G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 2.232 ( 1.665) ( 1.66) BSFC  G/KW HR (G/HP BR) = .288 (_-.474)
BSCO = G/Kid HR (G/HP HR) 2.760 ( 2.058) ( 2.06) BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP ER) 906. ( 675.)
BSHOY G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 9.590 ( 7.151) ( 7.15)
PART. G/KW HR (G/HP BR) = .740 (552) (—.55)


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D
4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE = DIESEL

ENGINE

BAROMETER 739.9 MH HG (29.13 IN HG)

ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.2 C (81.0)

E-8

BSEC

PART.

G/RW HR (G/EP HR)
G/RW HR (G/EP BR)
G/RW HR (G/EP ER)
G/RW HR (G/EP BR)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

COMPOSITE PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
TEST JD-4.5-TH4 ROW DIESEL 2D FH-1392-P
DATE 5/25/92 TIME HCR 1.80

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 77.0 P RH 60.0 PCT AH 85.4 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.3 C (57.8 P)
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.5 G/KG ( 73.6 GR/LB) NOX EUMIDITY C.F. .996
DRY-TO-WET C.P. 979

COMPOSITE TEST RESULTS,COLD AND HOT CYCLES

2.275 ( 1.697) (1.70) BSFC  G/KW BR (G/HP BR) = .291 (_-.479)
2.861 ( 2.133) (2.13) BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 915. ( 682.)
9.371 ( 6.988) ( 6.99)
-838 (625) (—— .62)


a.“ UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
3

2
(SZ; ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN 48105

OFFICE OF
AIR AND RADIATION

March 31, 1993
MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Southwest Research Institute Report "Dynamometer Testing of Nonroad Diese) Engines to
Support Nonroad Regulations: SwAl 08-4855-150", June, 1992.

TO: R. Maxwell, Director
Certification Division

—
FROM: M. Sabourin, Chief Aabanaiss

Engg. & Technical Resougces Brat

Attached is the Final Report for a test program funded by EPA under contract number 68-C1-0079. This
report presents only factual emission data and noncontroversial conclusions. This report will be placed in
Docket No, A-91-24 as a draft report for public review and comment. For these reasons your concurrence
is requested to waive administrative review according to the policy outlined in the directive of April 22, 1982

Concurrence
Maxwell, Director
Certiticafion Division

Attachment


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 1(239. CID) [-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

5.8. PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
TEST JD-3.9-8H-7 RON 2 DIESEL 2D EN-1392-F
DATE 5/7/92 TIHE HCR 1.80

COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BARCHETER 746.8 WH HG (29.40 IN EG) CELL: 75.0 F RH 38.0 PCT AH 49.4 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 13.7 C (56.6 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.0 G/RG ( 69.7 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .987
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .985

BAG RESULTS

BAG NUMBER 1

TIME SECONDS 1200.0

TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFM) 32.71 (1154.9)

‘TOT. 9OMH RATZ SCH (SCFM) +04 ( 1.53)

TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCF) 00 (0)

TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCF) 00 ( 00)

TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRESISCP) ~ 655.0 ( 23129.)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 22.1/ 42/ 22.10

HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 3.6/ 42/ 3.60

CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH 11.6/ 13/ 10.28

CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 2/13/17

02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT 55.6/ 1t/ .4427

(O02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 8.8/ 11/ .0527

WOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W) «5/ 43f 42.28

HOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PFH 3f 4 BL

DILUTION FACTOR 30.05

HC CONCENTRATION PPH 18.62

(CO CONCENTRATION PPH 9.90

C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 3917

HOX CONCENTRATION PP 41.98

HC MASS GRAHS 7.007

CO MASS GRAHS 7.552

C02 MASS GRAMS 4694.08

WOX HASS GRAMS 51.878

FUEL KG (LB) 2.486 (3.28)

KW BR (HP GR) 6.48 (8.69)
TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 1.081 (| .806) ( .81) (CONT) 90 MM FILTER NUMBERS P9Q-79 — P90-80

BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP BR} 1.165 (  .869) ( .87) 90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (NG) 3.285 = .705

BSNOX G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 8.006 ( 5.970) ( 5.97) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 3.012

PART. G/RW BR (G/HP HR) 465 (| .347) ( .35)

BSFC RG/KW HR (LB/EP BR) = .229 (_.377),

WORK RW BR (HP ER) 6.48 ( 8.69)

BSCO2 G/RW BR (G/HP BR) 724, { 540.)


ENGINE EMISSION RESOLTS

HOT-TRANS PROJECT $0. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3.9-TH4 ROW DIESEL 2D EH-1392-P
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/ 4/92 TIME RCR 1.30
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) 1-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 742.4 MH HG (29.23 IN HG) CELL: 74.0 F RH 54.0 PCT AH 69.9 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 15.4 ¢ (59.7 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 11.2 G/RG { 78.6 GR/LB) NOX HUHIDITY C.F. 1.009
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .982

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 4
DESCRIPTION WYNF LANF Lap WYP
TIME SECONDS 295.8 300.0 305.0 305.9
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH) 32.52 (1148.2) 32.51 (1148.1) 32.46 (1146.2) 32,52 (1148.4)
‘TOT. 90M RATE SCHH {SCPH) +05 ( 1.93) +05 ( 1.93) +05 ( 1,93) -05 ( 1.93)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHM (SCFH) 00 ( — .0) 00 (  .0) 00( 0} 00 ( — .0)
TOP. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH) +00 ( .00) 00 ( .00) 00 { 00) +00 (00)
TOTAL PLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF) 160.6 { 5670.) 162.8 ( 5750.) 165.3 ( 5836.) 166.1 ( 5865.)
BC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 18.2/ 42/ 18.23 28.2/ 42/ 28.26 34.4/ 42/ 34.46 20.1/ 42/ 20.12
BC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 6.1/ 42/ 6.11 6.3/ 42/ 6.31 6.5/ 42/ 6.51 6.3/ 42/ 6.31
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 22.3/ 13/ 20.06 22.8/ 13/ 20.52 27.1/ 13/ 24.54 15.9/ 13/ 14.18
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 4/ Bf 35 5/13/44 66/13/52 3/B/ £26
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT 33.7/ Wf .2352 40.0/ 11/ .2900 68.6/ 11/ .5912 32.8/ M/ .2277
C02 BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 8.3/ 11/ .0496 8.5/ 11/ .0509 8.5/ I1/ .0509 8.2/ 11/ .0490
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W) 9/ 43/ 18.94 1.2/ 43/ 24.08 2.7/ 43/ 57.90 +9/ 43/ 18.21
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH «5/2/52 12/ 2fah lf 2/10 sf yo ow
DILUTION FACTOR 56.07 45.45 22.44 57.99
BC CONCENTRATION PPH 12.23 22.09 28.24 13.93
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 19.28 19.63 23.34 13.61
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT +1865 +2402 +5426 +1796
NOY CONCENTRATION PPH 18.43 23.88 57.80 17.90
BC MASS GRAMS 1,128 2.066 2.682 1.329
CO HASS GRAMS 3.608 3.721 4.491 2.632
C02 HASS GRAMS 547.84 715.69 1640.82 545.58
WOK MASS GRAMS 5.713 7.506 18.442 5.740
FUEL KG (LB) 175 { 239) +229 (.50) 521 (1.15) «174 (38)
RW BR (HP GR) 49( 66) +70 ( .94) 2.06 (2.73) +50 ( .67)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW AR (G/BP HR) = —-1.932 ( 1.441) ( 1.44) (CONT) 90 MH PILTER NUMBERS P90-23  P90-24
BSCO G/KW HR (G/HP ER) 3.875 ( 2.890) ( 2.89) 90 MM PILTER WI. GAINS (HG) 4.514 = .254
BSNOX G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 10.031 ( 7.480) ( 7.48) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 2.833

PART. G/KW HR (G/EP HR) 760 ( .567) (57)
BSFC RG/KW ER (LB/EP BR) = .295 (484)
WORK KW BR (HP BR) 3.73 ( 5.00)
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP ER) 925. ( 690.)

B-6


State of California
AIR RESOURCES BOARD

NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF MODIFIED TEXT

PUBLIC HEARING TO CONSIDER THE ADOPTION OF NEW REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING A
ROADSIDE SMOKE AND EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM INSPECTION PROGRAM FOR IN-USE
HEAVY-DUTY OIESEL AND GASOLINE-POWERED VEHICLES.

Public Hearing Date: November 8, 1990
Public Availability Sate: April 10, 1991
Deadline for Public Comment: April 25, 1991

On November 8, 1990, the Air Resources Board (the “Board") considered
the adoption of regulations astablishing a roadside smoke and emission
contro] system inspection program for in-use heavy-duty diesel and gasoline
powered vehicles. The Board approved, with some modifications, the
regulations as originally proposed by staff. The proposa! provides for the
addition to Title 13, California Code of Regulations (CCR) of sections 2180
through 2187. Section 2182 will incorporate by reference Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE) publication J1243, “Diesel Emtssion Production

Audit Test Procedure", (May 1988) sections 7.4, 7.5 (subsections 1-4), 8.1,
and 8.2.

As approved, the regulatory additions include the following
modifications to the noticed proposal:

1. Seption 2180fa)

The ortginal proposal has bean modifted to clarify that the regulations

appty to pre-1974 model-yaar diesel-powered and gascline-powared heavy-duty
vehicles.

2. Section 2180. 1a (7 M2VL47ayc3t)

The original proposal's definitions for "Certification level” [(a)(2)]
and “Inspection site” ((a)(14)] have been clarified; the definition for
“Heavy-duty vehicle” [(a)(12)] has been modified to conform with the
definitional language in Health and Safety Code section 39033. The
cross-references in the definition of *tast opacity” have been changed
because section 2182 has been modified to deal specifically with 1992
model-year and 1992 and subsequent modet-year heavy-duty diesel vehicles and
to provide for inherent design limitation and approved aftermarket
turbocharger exemptions. A definition of "Uncieared citation” [(a)(31)] has
been added ta explain the meaning of that term as used 1n Section 2187(a}.

A-35


the primary causes of excessive diesel emissions.
Examples of specific components or systems which are
tamoerad with or malmaintained are: the fuel injection
pump and seals, fuel injection timing, fuel injectors,
smoke/puff limtter, air filter, intercooler,
turbocharger, exhaust gas recirculation valve and the
internal engine itself. Other causes of axcessive
emissions are pressure jeaks in the injection system
or manifolds, excessive backpressure in the exhaust
system and fuel problems such as water contamination,
wrong grade being used, atc.

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE
EMISSIONS

As discussed abave, diaseal engines emit numerous
species of axhaust emissions. The emissions of mast
concern, in terms of their deleterious effects on
public health, the environment and agriculture, are:
carbon monoxide and carton dioxide, sulfur and
nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, toxtes and
particulatas.

Carbon monoxide (CO) has numerous -adverse public
health effects. The mast pravalent is its effect on
displacing hemaglabin protains in the bloodstream
causing oxygen deprivation ta vital organs such as the
brain. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon
monoxide can causa headaches, savere physialogical
distrass and even death under certain circumstances.
Currently there are nine (9) California cities which
violate the federal CO public health based standard.

Carbon dioxide (02) has been identified as a
“greenhouse” gas which is balfeved to contribute to
qlobal warming ({.@. the “greenhouse effect").

Sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides. (NOx) are
gases which, combine with moisture in the atmosphere
to, produce sulfuric and nitric acids which are
depasited into the environment via fog and rain. Acid
deposition (rain and fog) are harmful to so1l and
water systams in that it effects the pH balance (1.2.
causes axcassive acidity) af these systems. This
rasults in loss or damage to agriculture, forests and
aquatic life (ftsh and plants). These emissions are
also responsible for nitrate and sulfa formation
which causes reduced visibility and impairs
raspiration. Many regions in California suffer from
acid deposition exposure including the Lake Tahoe
region and Yasemite National Park.

=3-

A-al


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 741.2 HM HG (29.18 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 23.9 C (75.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCMH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHR (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF) ~

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-4.5-8N6 RUN
DATE 5/26/92 TIE
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.4 G/KG ( 72.6 GR/LB)

1
600.0
32.43 (1145.0)
05 { 1.79)
00 (0)
.00 { .00)
(

324.8 ( 11468.)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT

NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (WW)

NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILOTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PFH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
HOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC HASS GRAKS
CO HASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAKS
OX MASS GRAKS
FUEL XG (LB)
KW HR (BP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW HR (¢/HP ER)
BSCO  G/KW HR (6/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/EP ER)
PART. G/RW HR (G/HP ER)
BSFC XG/KW HR (LB/HP HR)
WORK «KW ER (HP AR)

BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/EP ER)

G-8

28.5/ 42/ 28.50
7.0/ 42/ 7.01
10.3/ 13/ 9.11
1273?
69.6/ 11/ .6036
B.4/ 11/ .0502
1.9/ 43/ 77.13
16/2) .62

22.07
21.81

8.67
«5556
76.54

4.069
3.279
3301.25
47.287

1.043 (2.30)

5.07 (6.80)

.802 (598) ( .60) (CONT)
1647 (482) (48)

9.318 ( 6.948) ( 6.95) (CONT)
1219 (163) (16)

206 ( .338)

5.07 (6.80)

651. ( 485.)

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS

90 MM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
ECR 1.30

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.2 C (57.5 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .994
DRY-TO-WET C.P. 976

P90-137 90-138
1.565.167
1.11.


ENGINE EHISSION RESULTS

COLD-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3.9-TC3 RON DIESEL 2D EM-1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/ 1/92 TIME 9:15 HR 1.80

ENGINE 3.9 L(239, CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART L

BAROMETER 742.2 HM HG (29.22 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0)

CELL: 77.0 F RH 60.0 PCT AH 85.1 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.1 G/KG ( 77.5 GR/LB)

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.2 C (59.3 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.006

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .978

BAG RESOLTS
BAG NUMBER L 2 3 4
DESCRIPTLON Litig CANP LAF NYMR
TIME SECONDS 295.1 300.0 304.9 305.9
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCMM (SCPH) 32.51 (1148.1) 32.51 (1148.0) 32.44 (1145.4) 32.53 (1148.7)
‘TOT. SOHM RATE SCHH (SCF) +06 ( 1.99) +06 ( 1.99) 06 { 1.99) 06 ( 1.99)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCH (SCFM) 00 (  .0) 00 (— .0) -00( 0) 00 (  .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH) 00 {  .00) +00 ( 00) +00 { .00) 00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCP) 160.2 { 5656.) 162.8 ( 5750.) 165.1 ( 5832.) 166.1 ( 5866.)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGR/PPH

10,7/ 43/ 21.53 14.9/ 43/ 30.01

16.8/ 43/ 33.92

9.8/ 43/ 19.72

HC BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 2.1/ 43/ 4.22 2.7) 43/ 5.42 2.8/ 43/ 5.62 2.8/ 43/ 5.62
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 43.7/ 13/ 40.54 3L.3/ 13/ 28.51 32.3/ 13/ 29.47 24.9/ 13/ 22.48
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 33/13/26 33/13/26 .2f13/ 7 Ay yf .09

C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PCT

4L.1/ 1l/ .2999
U1 11/ .0675

46.0/ 11) .3267
1.4/ U/ 0694

71.7f 1/ .6299
21.5/ 1/ .0701

36.5/ 11/ .2591
12.4/ 11/ .0760

NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH ({) Ly 43/ 23.37 1.37 43/ 26.30 2.9/ 43/ 60.81 -9/ 43/ 19.56

OX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH Woy a. af Yt 3f 3d 6} 2/62

DILUTION FACTOR 43.79 40.30 21.06 50.90

HC CONCENTRATION PPH Wal 4.2 28.57 M21

CO CONCENTRATION PPM 39.28 27.54 28.38 21.85

C02 CONCENTRATION PC? +2340 2590 5631 +1866

NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 23.07 26.00 60.51 18.95

HC MASS GRAHS 1.602 2.313 2.70 1.356

CO ASS GRAS 7.335 5.220 5.456 4.226

02 HASS GRAKS 685.67 771.63 1701.24 561.00

NOX MASS GRAKS 7M2 8.148 19.233 6.060

FUEL KG (LB) 22. (49) 1247 (55) 540 (1.19) 1180 (40)

KW ER (HP mR) 53 { 71) .70( .94) 2.04 (2.73) 150 (.67)
TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 2.129 ( 1.580) ( 1.58) (CONT) 90 HM FILTER NUMBERS P90-13 P9014

BSCO G/KW HR (G/HP ER) 5.903 { 4.402) ( 4.40) 90 MM FILTER WE. GAINS (NG) 6.478.285

BSWOX G/KH HR (G/EP BR} 10.769 ( 8.030) ( 8.03} (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS /TEST 3.906

PART. G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 1.037 ( .773) (_ .77)

BSPC RG/RW BR (LB/HP BR) 315 (519)

WORK KW ER (EP ER) 3.77 (5.05)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 988. ( 737.)


4, SUMMARY

Comparative emissions testing of the two Deere 80 hp nonroad engines under EPA
Work Assignment 05, Contract 68-C1-0079, SwRI subcontract 92-09, has been completed.
Project activity included duplicate EPA on-road transient testing and ISO 8178 8-mode,
steady-state testing as well as Federal and CARB “Snap-Idle" smoke tests. A complete
summary of the individual test results for each of the engines including transient 8-mode,
and smoke test activity is included in Tables 15 and 16.

The average weighted 8-mode results and differences relative to the average
transient composite results for the 4039D engine are listed in Table 17. In viewing the
table, it is apparent that with the exception of HC emissions (which displayed a difference
of -53 percent), the remaining regulated emissions of CO, NOx, and PM were relatively
consistent displaying differences of 4, -3, and -5 percent, respectively. A similar analysis of
the 4045D engine’s transient and 8-mode data is displayed in Table 18. Again, a large
difference in HC emissions is noted between the two procedures. However, with differences
of -27, -14, and -36 percent for the remaining regulated emissions of CO, NOx, and PM,
respectively, the 4045D engine did not display the correlation between the two test
procedures that was present with its 4039D counterpart.

Finally, emissions improvements of the modified 4045D engine relative to the 4039D
production engine are displayed in the 8-mode results as a 36 and 16 percent reduction in
PM and NOx, respectively. However, while the modified 4045D engine is effective in
reducing emissions, the magnitude of the improvement is highly dependent on the test
procedure, as displayed in the less sensitive heavy-duty transient cycle results which show
only a 5 percent reduction in both PM and NO,

21


TABLE 11. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) NONROAD ENGINE TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #2

EMISSIONS RESULTS
—
HC co NOx Part.
(g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/np-hr)
| cold Start: Test Code JD-4.5-TC4
Bag #1 25 51 95 1.83 0.86
Bag #2 25 34 84 147 0.92
Bag #3 12 15 62 0.45 277__|
Bag #4 27 2.4 89 0.83 0.65
Total 1.8 25 73 0.81 5.00
Hot Start #1: Test Code JD-4.5-TH4
Bag #1 24 3.0 a5 1.07 0.64
Bag #2 23 27 78 0.70 0.91
Bag #3 12 15 59 0.38 2.78
Bag #4 27 27 87 0.87 0.85
Total 17 24 69 0.59 4.98
Hot Start #2: Test Code JD-4.5-THS
Bag #1 22 24 83 1.15 0.85
Bag #2 25 24 75 0.75 092 |
Bag #3 12 14 59 0.45 277 |
Bag #4 29 28 86 1.45 0.64
Total 1.8 19 69 0.69 4.98
Sequence Composite Results
| _ Composite iG “7 241 7.0 0.62 aoe |
[Notes Test Date = 05-25-92
Sequence Composite = 1/7 (Cold) + 6/7 (Hot 1)

17


ENGINE NOHBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) 1-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 742.4 HM HG (29.23 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 24.4 C (76.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECOHDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. QOHM RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCFM)
TOT. AGX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RAHGE/PPH (W)
HOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPM
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
02 CONCENTRATION PCT
HOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAKS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 HASS GRAHS
OX HASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
Kw ER (BP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP BR)
BSCO  G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
BSNOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR}
PART. G/KW ER (G/EP HR)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

COLD-TRANS
TEST JD-3.9-1C4 RON DIESEL
DATE 5/ 4/92 TIME 9:15 BCR 1.80

COKPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C

CELL 4

CELL: 73.0 F RH 58.0 PCT AH 71.6 GR/LB

ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11

1
AYN
295.8
32.56 (1149.6)
06 ( 1.99)
00 {  .0)
.00 (00)
160.8 { 5677.)

11,5/ 43/ 23.25
3.1 3/ 6.23
41.3/ 13/ 38.18
1.6/ 13/ 1.40
38.7/ IL) 2788
9.7) 11) .0585
Ly 43/ 23.44

YoY 10

47.12
17.16
35.92
221
23.34

1,585
6.724
650.45
7.238

209 (

+53 (

+46)
7)

2.162 ( 1.612) ( 1.61) (CONT)
5.601 ( 4.177) { 4.18)
10.846 ( 8.088) ( 8.09) (CONT)
1.367 ( 1.019) ( 1.02)

BSFC XG/RW HR (LB/HP BR} = 311 ( .522)
WORK KW BR (HP ER) 3.75 (5.03)
BSCO2 G/RW ER (G/HP BR) 975. ( 727.)

BAG CART 1

2 G/KG ( 78.3 GR/LB)

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

HH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.3 C (59.6 F)
ROX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.009

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .981
2 3 4
LAN? uP RYWP
300.0 305.0 305.9
32.59 (1150.7) 32.50 (1147.7) 32.60 (1150.9)
«06 ( 1.99) 06 { 1.99) .06 { 1.99)
00 (0) 00.0) .00{  .0)
.00 ( .00) .00 ( 00) 00 { 00)

163.2 ( 5763.) 165.5 ( 5844.)
15.4/ 43/ 31.08
2.9/ 43/ 5.82
28.2/ 13/ 25.58
13/1/14
42.0/ 11/ .3081
8.5/ 11/ .0509
1.3/ 43/ 26.43

16.9/ 43/ 34.10
2.9/ 43/ 5.82
33.3/ 13/ 30.42
La 13/96
10.2/ 12/ .6110
8.2/ 11/ .0490
2.8/ 43/ 59.92

166.5 ( 5878.)

10.1/ 43/ 20.29
2.7) 43/ 5.42
26.1/ 13/ 23.60
Lay 13/ 1.22
32.0/ Uf 2211
8.3/ 11/ .0896

.9f 43/ 19.27

ayy 10 2.10 Mf a) 42
42.71 21.70 59.45
B39 28.55 14.96
23.86 28.60 21.88
2585 5643 1723
26.33 59.82 18.86
2.381 2.714 1.01

4.534 5.511 4,241
771.84 1708.63 524.72
8.289 19.097 6.057

27 (54) 542 (1.20) 168 (37)

170 (94) 2.01 (2.70) 51 (68)
90 MH PILTER NUMBERS P90-21  P90-22
90 HM FILTER WT. GAINS (MG) 8.556 290
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 5.126


|

mg/Cubic Meter

25

FIGURE F6. JD-4.5-TH4 TEOM DATA

20

15

10

aah A Agel

wh
0

400 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100011001200
Seconds


APPENDIX G

EIGHT-MODE STEADY-STATE RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4045D
NONROAD ENGINE


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

$.S. PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-4.5-8H2 RON DIESEL = 2D EH-1392-P
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D DATE 5/26/92 TIME 9:25 ECR 1.30
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4 COMPOTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 740.9 MM BG (29.17 IN HG) CELL: 76.0 F RH 59.0 RCT AB 81.7 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.9 C (58.9 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 21.1 € (70.0) ERGINE ABS. HUH. 10.9 G/RG ( 76.5 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.004
DRY-TO-WET C.F, 973

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1
TIME SECONDS 600.0
JOP. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFM) 32.43 (1145.1)
TOP. 90HH RATE SCHM (SCFH) 04 ( 1.50)
TOT. 20120 RATE SCM (SCFH) 00 (0)
JOT. AUK. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCRH) .00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CO. HETRES(SCP) 324.7 ( 11466.)
HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 46.2/ 42/ 46.23
RC BCKGRD METER /RANGE/PPH 8.9) 42) 8.91
CO. SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH 33,3/ 13/ 30.42
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH YB) 35
02 SAMPLE METER/RANCE/PCT 89.1/ 11/ .8751
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 8.2/ 11/ .0490
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPK (¥) 1.9/ 43/ 77.53
NOI BCKGRD KETER/RANCE/PPH 5/2/52
DILUTION FACTOR 15.18
HC CONCENTRATION PPM 37.90
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 29.02
(C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 8294
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 77.05
HC MASS GRAMS 2.071
CO MASS GRAMS 10.968
C02 HASS GRAMS 4926.88
NOX HASS GRAMS 48.028
FUEL XG (LB) 1.561 (3.44)
KW BR (EP ER) 6.91 (9.26)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 1.024 ( .764) ( .76) (CONT) 90 HM PILTER NUMBERS P90129 90-130
BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP BR) 1.588 ( 1.184) ( 1.18) 90 MM FILTER WE. GAINS (NG) 3.001 242
BSHOX G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 6.955 ( 5.187) ( 5.19) (CORP) PARTICULATE GRAMS /TEST 2.481

PART. G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 359 ( .268) ( .27)
BSFC XG/KW ER (LB/HP BR) = .226 (_ .372)
WORK KW ER (HP ER) 6.91 ( 9.26)
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 7M. ( 532.)

G4


California Air Resources Board

Heavy-Duty Vehicle
Smoke and Tampering
Inspection Program

Informanonal Fact Sheet

The Califorma Air Resources Board (ARB) will be working cooperanvely with the
California Highway Patrol (CHP) to enforce California’s new Heavy-Duty Vehucie In-
specnon Program. This program applies to both inrrastate and interstate heavy-auty
vemcies and allows the ARB to issue cations to vehicles failing smoke or tampenng
inspections. Penaities up to $1500 per day may be assessed agamst the venicie owner.
Penaines may be waived if the engine 1s repaired promptly. Vehicles can be piacea "out-
of-service’ if repairs are not compietec or if penalties are not paid. A mmmum $300
pemaity will be assessed with each citanon issued. This $300 mininmm penaity is for
funding research programs on developing cleaner burnmg diesel fuels and cannot ve
waived (school buses are exempt from the $300 penalty). ARB will not issue citanons
until later this summer. Until then, all heavy-duty vesicles will be inspected under a
"Pre- Enforcement Program”. Vehicies which fail these inspections, will be issued a
letter of Non-Compliance’ asking thar the vehicle be repaired voiuntariiy.

TQ. AVOID POSSIBLE CITATIONS DO THE FOLLOWING: .
* FOLLOW MANUFACTURER'S MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
* DON’T TAMPER WITH ENGINE AND EMISSION CONTROLS
“Diry Au Filters ‘Injector Pump Probiems *Fouled Injectors

"Throttle Delay Problems “Governor Problems “Fuel Problems

For more mformation contact Mr. Ramon Cabrera at (818) 450-6177 or Ms. Horten-
cia Marnmez at (818) 450-6161 in Southern Califorma; or Mr. Don Chermiech at (916)
322-7620 or Ms. Sharon Johnson at (916) 322-8275 in Northern Califorma: or wnte to:
Mr. John Kowalski, Branch Chief, Heavy-Duty Diesel Roadside Branch, Califorma Aur

Resources Board, 9528 Telstar Avenue, El Monte, Califorma 91731.
——
—
A-3


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE = 4.5 L275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIBSEL

BAROMETER 740.9 MH HG (29.17 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.1 C (79.01

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOP. 20420 RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

3C SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
GC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
0 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RAHGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

$8. PROJECT NO. 08~4855-150
TEST JD-4.5-SH8 ROK DIESEL 2D EH-1392-7
DATE 5/26/92 TIHE HCR 1.30

CCHPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 P RH 59.0 PCT 4H 81.7 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 15.4 C (59.8 F)
ENGINE ABS. GUM. 11.3 G/KG ( 79.0 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.011
DRY-TO-WET C.F. 980

1
1200.0
32.56 (1149.5)
04 ( 1.46)
1004.0)
00 (00)
651.9 ( 23020.)

25.8/ 42/ 25.83
6.7/ 42/ 6.71
7.21 3 6.34
VY 3s 16

47,9) 13/ .1081

23.6/ 13/ .0505

WOK SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W) olf 43/5417
WOK BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH “oY 2d
DILUTION PACTOR 120.43
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 19.18
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 5.95
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 0580
NOX COKCENTRATION PPH 4.93
HC MASS GRAHS 7.183
CO HASS GRAKS 4.520
C02 HASS GRAHS 692.00
NOX HASS GRAKS 6.214
FURL KG (LB) 2271.50)
kW RU RR) ( )
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP ER) #etene (tteeee) (atees) (CONT) 90 KM FILTER HUMBERS PH-141 90-142
BSCO G/FW HR (G/HP ER) etsee (these) (atten) 90 WH PILTER WE. GAINS (HG) 1.816.257
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP ER) ##tte (sheene) (seeee) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 1,632

PART. G/RW BR (G/HP ER) ###ea8
BSFC KG/KW OR (LB/EP ER)

WORK KW ER (HP GR)

BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP BR)

G-l0


ENGINE NOHBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 (239. CID) [-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.7 HH HG (29.16 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEP. 28.3 C (83.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. SOMM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20%20 RATE SCHH (SCFM)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCH;
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE /PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PCT
002 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PCT
NOX SAMPLE HEFER/RANGE/PPM (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO COKCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PcT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPM

HC MASS GRAMS
CO MASS GRAMS
02 MASS GRANS
NOL MASS GRAMS
FUEL XG (LB)
Kw BR (EP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP BR)

BSCO G/KW BR (G/HP BR)
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR)

1.836 ( 1.369) ( 1.37) (CONT)
3.707 ( 2.764) ( 2.76)
9.831 ( 7.331) ( 7.33) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
HOT-TRANS

TEST JD-3.9-THLL RON

DATE 5/13/92 TIME 12:20
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 64.0 P RH 95.0 PCT AH 87.0 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.3 G/KG ( 79.0 GR/LB)

1 2

NYNF LANF

295.5 300.1
32.40 (1144.2) 32.43 (1145.1)
+05 ( 1.92) +05 ( 1.92)
00 (0) 00 (0)
00 ( .00) 00 ( .00)
159.9 ( 5645.) 162.5 ( 5737.)

17.7) 42f 17.71 27.0/ 42/ 27.05

6.1/ 42/ 6.11 6.1/ 42/ 6.11
21.4/ 13/ 19.22 23.0/ 13/ 20.71
-8/ 13/  .70 -8/ 13/ .70

32.5/ 11) .2252
8.6/ 11/ .0515
.9/ 43/ 18.12

38.1) LY .2731
8.7/ 11/ 0521
Lf 43/ 23.87

Bf ft Af 2/10
58.56 18.24
171 21.07
1789 19.36
1746 2220
17.81 2.71
1.075 1.966
3.329 3.651
510.57 659.91
5 504 7.464

163 (36) ut .47)

5h (68) .70 (94)

PART. G/KW BR (G/HP BR) +710 (— .530) (53)
BSFC XG/KW BR (LB/HP BR) = .271 (446)
WORK KW BR (HP ER} 3.76 ( 5.04)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 852. ( 636.)

90 HM PILTER HUMBERS
90 HH PILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL
CR 1.80

DRY-T0-W!

3
UF
305.0
32.28 (1139.9)
05 ( 1.92)
.00( 0)
00 { .00)
164.4 ( 5804.)

32.7/ 42/ 32.76
6.1/ 42/ 6.11
28.5/ 13/ 25.86
1.2/ 13/ 1.05
66.9/ 11/ .5706

2 ¥H-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.4 C (59.8 P)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.011

ET C.P.  .978
4
nr
305.9
32.44 (1145.4)
«05 ( 1.92)
100 ( .0)
00 ( .00)
165.7 ( 5849.)

19.7/ 42/ 19.75
6.0/ 42/ 6.01
15.4/ 13/ 13.72
1.0/ 13/87
30.3/ 1/2072

9.0/ 11/ .0540 © 8.7/ 11/ .0521
2.7) 43/ 57.86 8] 3/ 17.79
WY 2.10 2% ad
23.25 63.67
26.91 13.83
23.81 12.41
5189 1559
57.76 17.59
2.541 1.307
4,557 2.394
1560.39 472.40
18.351 5.630
495 { 1.09) 51 (33)
2.04 (2.74) “St (68)
P90-101 90-102
4.265.239
2.670

BIS


ENGINE EHISSION RESULTS

5.8. PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3.9-8H-8 RUN DIESEL 2D EN-1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/ 6/92 TITHE HCR 1.80
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 745.0 HH HG (29.33 IN HG) CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 PCT AH 62.9 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.9 C (58.9 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 29.4 C (85.0) ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.9 G/KG ( 76.1 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.003
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .985

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1
TIME SECONDS 1200.2
JOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH) 32.58 (1150.5)
JOT. SOM RATE SCHH (SCFH) 104 (1,52)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFM) .00 ( .0)
JOT. ADX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFH) 200 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF) 652.6 ( 23044.)
HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM 16.8/ 42/ 16.86
EC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 5.6/ 42/ 5.61
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM 1.6/ 13/ 6.70
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE//PPH 14/13/35
CO2 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT 44.4/ 13/ .0994
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT 21.9/ 13/ .0466
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM (W) l/ 43/ 5.84
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH Ly oY .29
DILUTION PACTOR 131.69
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 11.30
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 6.25
CO2 CONCENTRATION PCT 0531
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 5.55
HC HASS GRAS 4.237
CO MASS GRAMS 4.750
02 MASS GRAKS 634.17
NOX HASS GRAMS 6.944
FUEL KG (1B) 206 (45)
KW BR (EP ER) 00 ( .00)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/RW HR (G/HP HR) *kaete (44teee) (48804) (CONT) 90 HM PILTER NUMBERS P90-65  P90-66
BSCO G/EW HR (G/EP AR) #kaate (ttteen) (seeet) 90 MM PILTER WE. GAINS (KG) 677.200
BSHOX G/FW HR (G/HP HR) stttte (tteeet) (katte) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 664

PART. G/KW HR (G/EP BR) #kbtte (thtttt) (ttt)
BSFC KG/KW BR (LB/HP HR) ##kete (t4etee)
WORK RW ER (HP ER) 00 ( .00)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR) tkkReR ( tkikER)

D-8


DEPARTMENT OF EMISSIONS RESEARCH

fun #2. ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS
v4 RAW DATA SHEET FOR HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL

Test No. al SwRI Project No. O2-48,55-7F0
cy -
Test Operator:<L:-220¢eCell No. Y Engine LD. 4248 (deere Fuel Coden 2S2-F

Project Leader: Sa(th

Engine Configuration:
—
#8
Torque (ft-Ib) (3)
Speed (rpm) 12
Power (bhp) 96 \5¢.6 |392(94 las lal j2@ 2
Curb Idle (rpm) - |j~f{r- —
High Idle (rpm) — —|— _——
“Water Out (°F) 193 (146 |140 1784 1194 lI84 1/93 |i14
Water In (°F) 198 S84 lize 1191 1199 |yoeg lke 192
ou CF) AC 14/4 |a/o |Zo9 lary |205 |aoz [92
Inlet Air (°F) 97 198 194 19% 182 |¥2 137 |
Fuel (*F) Jo4 \to2 |93 192% |lo2 l0e2 Iyo0e |F¢
Exhaust (°F) 1eG1 1842 |C£2 1292 ood (980 1592 1239
Intercooler In (°F) —_ — —_ —
Intercooler Out (°F) — ia | er fF ef] — |— | —
Inlet Air Dewpoint (*F) C/I 16441599 |p olS9.5 159, 2 159.4 159.9
Chiller Water (°F) 5? 62 Cal Pal

Barometer (in. Hg) LZAZEIY 125,13 189.13
Inlet Air Restrict. (in H20) 1/7/2116 Y Wes
Exhaust Restriction (in. Hg) 19.7 12/7 1/,.9 173

Fuel Flow (Ib,)/hr)
Oil Pressure (psig)

Boost Pressure B-4 IC (psig)

Boost Press. After IC (psig)



within sixty days of the mailing of the administrative
hearing decision.

Following two years of program operation, ARB, along with
the CHP, will submit a report to the State Legislature on
the effectiveness of tha program. This report will provide
recommendattonms to improve the program.

If you have any questions regarding this program, or any
other ARB program, please contact the staff of the Heavy-
Duty Diesel Branch, Mobile Source Oiviston at 916/322-7061

in Northern California of 818/450-6158 in Southern
California.

-9-

A-at


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
3,9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

ENGINE

BAROMETER 740.2 HH HG (29.14 IN BG)

ENGINE AIR TENP. 27.2 C (81.0)

B-ld

BSHC

PART.

G/KW BR (G/HP §R)
G/RW ER (G/BP ER)
/KW ER (G/HP ER)
G/KW BR (G/BP HR)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

COMPOSITE PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150
TEST JD-3.9-THB ROW DIESEL 2D H-1392-P
DATE 5/12/92 TIME 11:23 ECR 1.80

COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-€
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 34.0 PCT AB 49.6 GR/LB © ENGINE DEW PT. 15.6 C (60.0 F)
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.4 G/KG ( 79.7 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F, 1.012
DRY-TO-WET C.P.  .986

COMPOSITE TEST RESULTS ,COLD AND HOT CYCLES

1.765 ( 1.316) ( 1.32) BSFC G/KW BR (G/HP HR) = .286 (_ .471)
4.488 ( 3.347) (3.35) BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 899. ( 670.)
9.865 ( 7.356) ( 7.36)
+826 ( .616) (62)


(17) “Minimum penalty" means the three hundred dollar ($300.00)
penalty that is to be deposited in the Diesel Emission
Reduction Fund for State Energy Resources Conservation and
Development Commission (CEC) programs pursuant to Health and
Safety Code saction 44011.6(h).

(18) “Officer* maans a uniformed member of the Department of the
California Highway Patrol.

(19) "Opacity" means the percentage of light obstructed from
passage through an exhaust smoke plume.

(20) “Owner® means the person registered by the California
Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), or its equivalent in
another state, as the owner of the vehicle.

{22) “Post-repair inspection” means a repeat emission contro!
system inspection procedure for the purpose of determining
compliance of a cited vehicle.

(22) "Post-repair test" means a repeat test procedure for the
purpose of determining compliance of a cited vehicle.

(23) ‘Remove from service” means the towing and storage of a

vehicle under the auspices of the Department of the
California Highway Patrol.

(24) “Repair facility" means any place where heavy-duty vehicles
are repaired, rebuilt, reconditioned, or in any way

maintained for the public at a charge, and fleet maintenance
facilities.

(25) "Schoolbus" means the sams as defined in California Vehicle
Code section §45.

(26) "Smokemeter" maans a detection device used to measure the
opacity of smoke in percent opacity.

(27) "Snap-idle cycle" means rapidly depressing the accelerator
pedal from normal idie to the full power position, holding yy
the pedal in this position for no longer than ten seconds or
until the engine reaches maximum speed, and fully releasing
the pedal so that the engine deceleratas to normal idle.

(28) *Tampered" means missing, modiffed, or disconnected.
(29) “Test opacity® means the smokemeter measurement of opacity

for the purpose of determining compliance with section
2182(a) aad ¢b} through 2182(f).

A-4S


€%

TABLE 16. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) NONROAD ENGINE TEST RESULTS

Test vest MAX EMISSIONS: | esFc (GAR) ‘SMOKE TEST % SNAP-IDLE SMOKE TEST %.
DATE NO. HP HC | BSCO | BSNOx | PM - HR] SHC BSNOx | __PM e ao * al co SULT | REMARKS:
5/2192 | JD-45-TC2 7 172 257 752) O717 0520)

5/21/92 | JD-45-TH1 7 165 197 709} 0525) 0 466:

srevs2 | JD-45-TH2 | 77 173] 195] 701] 0532] 0467

sreijs2_| JD-4 5~CHt 7 166] 208] 715] 0552) 0474

srasjs2 | JO-45-To4 | 77 17s} 245] 7351] os] 0494)

sresie2 | JD-45-THS | 77 168] 2038] 693] 0593] 0475)

sf2s/s2_| JO-45~THS | 77 160] 169] 686) 0687] 0476

5/2s/s2_| JO-45-CH4]} 77, 17o| 213] 699] 0625] 0479)

5/26/92 | JD-45~eM1 75 o42| 162] 518] oss] oss} 3116] 13674] 38851| 2931

s/26/s2_| JD-45~eM2| 56 076] 118] 519} 0268} o972| 4243] esei| 28817] 1489

s/e6/92 | JD-45-eM3| 38 120] 221] S44] 0362) 0424] 4564) 6418] 20770] 1457

s/26/92 | JD—4 $-8Ms 8 gor] 1195] 1294] 1405] o966| 6222) 6814] 9591] 1091

sfe6/s2 | JO-45~8MS| 4 oas| 074] 797] os93| 0343/2422] 4017] 39933] 3200;

5/2692 | JO-45~eme| 41 060] 048] 695] o163] 0338] 2441] 1967] 28948 667

sreeje2 | JD-45-8M7| 27 101] 100] 677] 0254] 0366] 2742] 2740] 18453 6a

5/26/92 | JD-4 5~8Ma o NA | NA | NA | NA NA 2185| 1356] 18.64 490)

5/26/92 | WTD RESULT os} 163] 605} 0397] 0382

26/92 | JD-45-eM21| 76 o3s| 152] S31| 0363] 0327] 2662| 11543] 40339} 2758

5/26/92 | JD-45-8M22| 56 o7i| 107| S10] 0242) o368| 3985| 6018] 28785] 1366

5/26/92 _| JO-4 5~8M23 38 113) 192 56S] On7 O45 4278 7276| 21460) 12.04

5f26/92_| JO-4 5-8M24 7 772) 1105] 1369] 1375) 1047 55 09 78 90} 77 9 82)

5f26/92_| JO-4 5-8M25 55 045) 063 716] O5S11 0334 24 53) 3461] 39267 28 05,

sr2ej92 | JD-4S-eM26] 41 oes] 043] 707] 0174 0335| 2584] 1768] 29229 718)

s/2692_| JD-45-eM27|__ 27, yoi| 102] 683] 0252) o363| 2771| 2808] 18739) 693)

sreis2 | JD-45-eM2e| Oo NA [| NA | NA | NA NA 237) 1532] 2150 456

s/26/92_| WTD RESULT oes] 144] 611] 0359] 0373)

sree/s2 | JO-45-S1 27 38 40
5/28/92 | _JD-45-S2 29) 39) Chl
sr2eje2 | JO-45-Sit 55) $5) 55 55)



25.36

14 Check tne linearty of the wisirument wit calbrated neutral
censuty filters having approximately 10, 20, ana 40% opacuy, the nomy
nai filter opacity to be contirmed by a source traceable to the National
Bureau of Stanaards. Filters shail be calibrated annualiv,

15 Deviations of recoraer and/or meter response in excess of 12,
of the nominal filter(s) opacuy shall be corrected.

APPENDIX G

1, Calsbrenee Procedure—ialane Smoke Opecmeter—The smoke
opacumeter calbrauon should be checked with the following proce
dure:

11 Clean the opucal susiaces to remove the foreign material and
finger prints.

1.2 Adjust the instrument controls for ure and 100% epenn.!

US Insert calibrates neutrai density filterys)’ in the opscumeter
light path halfway between the emuter and recewer with the filter cen-
tered ang lar to the axis of the beam.

14 Cheek the lneanty of the insirument with calibrated neutral
denuty titers tnat have appromunately 10, 20, and 40% opscuy. The
nominal filter opacuy to be confirmed by a source traceable co the Na-
tonal Bureau of Stanaards. Filters shall be calibrated anous'ty.

14 Deviations of recorder and/or meter response in ex 2648 of 1%
of the nominal filteris) opacity shall be corrected.

16 An alternate method to verify and/or adjust for isve smoke
wih the engine operaung 1s to monitor and adjust during an engine de

‘The final enece of 100% o full scale should be made by biocioy the igh:
beam [rom ine ematey wun non transparent materia

"Slides should be caibraied uncirvecmally ot che center as che same wave tenguh
aa the gat source

OIESEL ENGINE SMOKE MEASUREMENT—SAE J255a

—

celerauon with governor control lever in the fuel off posuoa. It should
be veruied that the engine has no comousucn during Geceieration.

17 A calbranon fixture may siso be used to check the calibrauce
of the inbne opscimerer. The fixture shail locate the tensor mounts 0
the same relationship to one another as they are on the meter boay.
‘The holder for the caibration filterts) shall be centered becween tne
mounts and perpendicular to the axis of the light beam. The caubr-
ca procedure outhne in steps |.1-1 6 shall be used.

APPENDIX H

Corveianen—Opacimeters commerciaily avaiable are
vaned and no one type of meter 13 best for all manuiacwrers. Opsc
meters currentiy avaiable for both seaav-suae and tranuent smote
tesung are:

1.1 Public Health Service Meter (PHS), end of line, hght exuinc-
toa type.

TF Celesco full flow, in tune, light exuncuan type.

1.3 Wager full Now, in ine, light exuncuan type.

Ail teat reais from opatimercra other than PHS type must be coo
verted mio pererat opscny equiva to whe PHS meter wu the 3
propriate exhaust siack diameter. The correiauon of the vanous types
of opecimevers cut cake mio consuderauon the effect of spectral re
sponse, light pach length, exhaus temperatures and accuracy of meten.
SAE J35 (Ref. 1) Secon 9, should be followed in order to provide cor-
teiauion for full-flow opacumeters with umuiar spectra response.

SAE information Report

—_
Nreae a meee ary .

Parry

Intredertme NMeanuiement oa chevel aueke on an a curate anal coosascent
Manner fay been a crumes peien toe enque 400 sehale menulaturen
AAEtS ang agen sOareru wah enturine sume lamin deverai intruments,
Daseed sas auilerent yatiin aie sind unang dulerem ain are cuttimaanis urd bi

fuses viners steer sid judeunend ate atten used tu relate

eee 8

Ve yruspane of thes rps
dievel vibe tum cau be 1
funbuals can Le correlated Fv ept ter detinane they
fey deals wieh with the weads.state measurement of
emuted frum diesei eranes

Foe the beneni of lame a tuy mish ter studs carmen aoprens of the subsery in

prin vite an understanding 4 the nature of

A-63


FIGURE 1. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) DIESEL ENGINE
BEFORE INSTALLATION IN SWRI TRANSIENT TEST CELL 4

FIGURE 2. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) DIESEL ENGINE
BEFORE INSTALLATION IN SWRI TRANSIENT TEST CELL 4

4


(30) “Test procedure” means the preconditioning sequence and smoke
opacity measurement processes for determining compliance with
section 2182.

(21) ‘Uncleared citation" means a citation for which demonstration
of correction and, if required, payment of any civil penalty,
has not been made,

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code. Section 505 Vehicle
Code.

2181. Responsibilities Ouring Inspection Procedure.

(a) The driver of a heavy-duty diesel vehicle selected to undergo the
inspection procedure shall do all of the following:

(1) Orive the vehicle to the inspection site upon direction of an
officer.

(2) Perform the test procedure upon request by an inspector.

(3) Open the vehicle door so that the inspsctor can observe the
driver depress the accelerator pedal.

(4) Permit an emission control system inspection upon the request
of the inspector.

(5) Sign the citation to acknowledge its receipt and the smoke
test strip chart to acknowledge performance of the test
procedure.

(b) The driver of a heavy-duty gasoline vehicle selected to undergo
the inspection shall:

(1) Orive the vehicle to the inspection site upon direction of
an officer.

(2) Permit an emission control system inspection upon request
of the inspector.

(3) Sign the citation to acknowledge its receipt.

(c¢) The inspector in performing the inspection procedure shall do all
of the following:

A-46


(7) Engine computer controls, related sensors, and actuators.

(8) On-Board Diagnostic (0BD) systems for 1994 and subsequent
model year vehicles, if so equipped.

(9) Emission control label.

(10) Any other emissions-related component for a particular
vehicle/engine as determined from the manufacturer's
specifications, emission control label, certification data,
or published vehicle parts manuals.

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code.

2184. Refusal to Submit to Inspection Procedure

(a) The refusal by an owner or driver of a vehicle to submit to the
test procedure in section 2182 or to the emission control system
inspection in section 2183 constitutes a failure of the test
procedure or inspection, unless the driver is cited by the
California Highway Patrol for a violation of California Vehicle
Code Ssection 2813.

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code. Sections 305, 505, and
2813 Vehicle Code.

2185. Civil Penalty Schedule.

(a) The owner of a heavy-duty vehicle that fails the test procedure or
the emission controls system inspection, including by refusal to
submit, is subject to the following penalty schedule:

(1) The owner of a vehicle other than a schoolbus that is cited
for the first time and for which demonstration of correction
is provided and payment is made within forty-five (45)
calendar days from personal or certified mail receipt of the
citation shall pay the minimum penalty of three hundred
dollars ($300). Seheedouses are exempt from the mininum
penaity for the firct vielation ontyr

- 10 -

A-Sa


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report contains emission test results from two 1991 model year nonroad diesel
engines. Two 80 hp John Deere engines were tested, where one was a 4039D (3.9L)
production unit and the other was a similar 4045D (4.5L) engine modified to meet proposed
CARB standards for nonroad engines. Emission testing included EPA transient emission

tests, 8-mode steady-state tests, Federal smoke tests, and a CARB “Snap-Idle" smoke test.
Each engine was tested for regulated emissions of HC, CO, NOx, particulate, and smoke.
Repeat tests were performed for all engine emission tests, with the exception of the "Snap-
Idle" smoke test, which was performed once per engine. A summary of the average test
results is given below in Table ES-1.

TABLE ES-1. EMISSIONS SUMMARY FOR JOHN DEERE ENGINES

John Deere 4039D Nonroad Engine

HC co NOx Particulate
(g/fhp-hr) | (g/hp-hr) | (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr)
FTP Transient 14 3.4 TA 0.62
8-Mode Steady-State 0.6 3.5 12 0.59
Acceleration Lug Peak
Federal Smoke: 12% 23% 24%

CARB “Snap-Idle" Peak Smoke = 17%

John Deere 4045D Nonroad Engine

FTP Transient 17 2.1 71 0.59

8-Mode Steady-State 0.9 15 6.1 0.38 |
Acceleration Lug Peak
Federal Smoke: 3% 4% 4%

CARB "Snap-Idle" Peak Smoke = 6%


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 739.6 HH HG (29.12 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.3 C (83.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
‘TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20%20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
002 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
(002 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT
HOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD MEPER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPR
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC HAS GRAMS
CO HAS GRAKS
C02 MASS GRAHS
NOX HASS GRAKS
FUEL XG (LB)
KW ER (HP HR)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW BR (G/EP ER)

BSCO  G/KW HR (G/EP ER)
BSNOX G/KW BR (G/HP HR}

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

HOT-TRANS

TEST JD-3.9-THOR RON
DATE 5/12/92 TIME 12:44

HCR 1.30

COMPUTER PROGRAH EDT 1.0-C

CELL 4

CELL: 78.0 F RH 60.0 PCT AH 89.1 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HOM. 11.3 G/KG ( 79.4 GR/LB)

1
NYP
295.5
32.37 (1143.2)
05 ( 1.92)
100 { .0)
.00 ( .00)
159.7 ( 5639.)

17.0/ 42/ 17.03
5.5/ 42/ 5.52
15.2/ 13/ 13.54
3B) .26
33.0/ 11/ .2293
9.6/ 11/ .0578
9) 43/ 18.44
Al AR

57.67
11.62
12.96
«1725
18.03

1.066
2.410
504.08
5.572
+161 (35)
50 ( .67)

1.830 ( 1.365) ( 1.36) (CONT)
3.569 ( 2.661) ( 2.66)
9.932 (7.405) ( 7.41) (CONT)

PART. G/KW HR (G/EP ER) +632 (472) (447)
BSPC XG/KW BR (LB/EP HR) 282 (_.463)
WORK Kw BR (HP HR) 3.76 ( 5.04)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/EP BR)

886. { 660.)

BAG CART 1

DIESEL 2D

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

EM-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.5 C (59.9 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.012

DRY-TO-WET C.P, 978

2 3
LAP uF
299.8 308.9
32.37 (1143.0) 32.32 (1141.1)
.05 ( 1.92) 05 ( 1.92)
.00( .0) .00( 0)
00 (  .00) .00 ( .00)

162.0 ( 5721.) 164.5 ( 5808.)

26.2/ 42/ 26.21 -32.8/ 42/ 32.81
5.

4
NYNP
305.9
32.37 (1142.8)
+05 ( 1.92)
00 ( — .0)
+00 ( .00)
165.3 ( 5836.)

19,3/ 42/ 19.37

6/ 42/ 5.61 —6.0/ 42/ 6.01 —-5.5/ 42/ 5.51
24/13/2108 30.5/ 13/ 27.75 12.9 13/ 11.27
23/13/26 3/3/26 3/13/26
39.8/ 11/ .2882 68.8/ 11/ 5937 33.0/ 11/ .2293
9.7/ 11) .0585 —9.7/ 11/ 0585 = 9.6/ 11/ .0578
2.2/ 43/ 24.33 2.8/ 43/ 58.49 .9/ 43/ 18.13
J 2. 3/2 “Af af a2
45.76 22.35 57.66
20.72 27.08 13.96
20.30 26.65 10.75
2310 5378 1725
24.13 58.19 1.72
1.929 2.559 1.325
3.830 5.104 2.069
684.64 1618.52 521.68
7.563 18.520 5.667
1219 (48) 5M (113) 166 (37)
TL (95) 2.04 (2.74) SL (68)
90 MH PILTER NUMBERS P90-95  P90-96
90 MM PILTER WP. GAINS (HG) 3.719.262
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 2.377

B-il


NOTE:

(3)

(4)

(5)

successive measured smoke levels are within ten (10) opacity
percent of each other. The smoke meter shall be rechecked
prior to the preconditioning sequence to determine that its
zero and span setting are adjusted te manufacturer+s
specifications i i

In the test procedure phase, the vehicle shall be put
through the snap-idle cycle three times.

The smeke opacity shall be measured during the
preconditioning and test phases with a smokemeter and shall
be recorded continuously on the chart recorder during each
snap-idie cycle. The maximum instantaneous value recorded
by the chart recorder shall be the smoke opacity reading.

The test opacity to determine comp)iance with (a) and {b>}

above shall be the.average of the two meter
readings with the least difference in opacity values. If
all three readings have successive equivalent differences
between them, the test opacity shail be the average of the
three reacings.

Authority Cites: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health

and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Hecith and Safety Code.


ENGINE HUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 2.2 (239. CED) 1-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 742.4 MH HC (29.23 IN HG)
ENGINE ALR TEMP. 26.7 C (80.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NOHBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCF)
TOP. AUX. SAHPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH}
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF}

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPM
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PCT
02 BCKGRD METER /RANGE/PCT
OX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPM (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
ROX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAMS
0 MASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAMS
WOX HASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW HR (BP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 2.001 ( 1.492) ( 1.49) (CONT)

CELL:

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
HOT-TRANS

TEST JD-3.9-THS ROW

DATE 5/ 4/92

TIME

COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C

CELL

1
NYNP
295.9

4

32.59 (1150.7)
+05 ( 1.93)
+00 (

00 (
161.0 ( 5684.)

-0)

+00}

17,9/ 42/ 17.93
5.4/ 42/ 5.41
14.7/ 13/ 13.08
5/ 13/
31.2/ M1) .2145
8.4) V1) 0502
-9/ 43/ 19.20
Sf dy

61.59
12.61
12.38
+1651
18.69

1.166
2.320
486.19
5.825

«155 (

4

9

BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP BR) = 3.361 ( 2.507) ( 2.51)

BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 10.546 ( 7.864} ( 7.86) (CONT)

PART. G/KW HR (G/EP ER) 662 { 494) [
BSFC XG/KW HR (LB/HP BR) = .284. (_ .467)
WORK KW ER (HP BR) 3.72 (4.99)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 893. ( 666.)

+49)

Ad

52

34)
-66)

BAG CART 1

2

LANF

300.0
32.60 (1251.1)
05 { 1.93)
+00 (  .0)
+00 { .00)
163.3 ( 5765.)

27.8) 42) 27.87
5.3/ 42/ 5.31
19.8/ 13/ 17.75

15/13/44
39.2/ 11/ .2828
8.6) 11) .0515
1.2/ 43/ 25.46

Bf Yl

46.64
22.68
16.92
2324
25.16

2.127
3.216
694.21
7.952
+222 (49)
.TM( .94)

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT WO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL
BCR 1.80

2D EH-1392-F

74.0 F RH 54.0 PCT AH 69.9 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 15.6 C (60.1 F)

ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.4 G/KG { 79.7 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.P, 1.012

DRY-TO-WET C.F, 982

3
UF
305.0
32.42 (144.7)
05 (1.93)
.00( 0)
.00 ( .00
165.1 ( 5829.)

33.7/ 42/ 33.70
5.3/ 42/ 5.31
28.3/ 13/ 25.67

Sf 33)
68.4) 11/ .5888
8.2) 11) .0490
2.9/ 43/ 61.36

90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

4
AYNP
305.9
32.59 (1150.6)
05 ( 1.93)
00 (  .0)
00 ( 00)
166.4 ( 5876.)

20.1/ 42/ 20.17
5.2/ 42) 5.21
13.8/ 13/ 12.27

Af Bf 35
31.5/ L1/ .2169
8.6/ 11) .0515

9 43/ 18.77

a a Af af 42
22.53 60.86
28.63 15.05
24.52 11.66
15420 +1663
61.16 18.36
2.715 1.439
472 2.260
136.72 506.30
19.548 5.916

519 (1.14) 2162 (—.36)

2.08 (2.73) 49 (66)

P90-25  P90-26
3.875.255
2.463


uM

lo $25 Reveat the adore catculations except cambine the bea
gie moae preaictor witn each of ine remaining modes to furm X +
missions. Calculate the bex coubie mode predictor for each consi
it Repeat lor three ana four modes, but iuttle amprovement 1s usual

\ seen bevona four.

16.326 Select and teu the N-Mode Short Cycle that mou accu-

ely precicts tne 15-\oae resus for ail constuuents.

16.4 The resuits of the 15-Mode anaiyns should be used to guide
eveiopment of the N-Mode Short Cycle. To test us accuracy, fun a se
~~ of 1$-Mode ana N-Moge Short Cycle rests back-to-back. It may be

nd that che scaling factor calculated by dividing the 13-Mode test by

N-Mode test may be slightly different from that calculated by the
a-Mode anal.

12, Corvelanen of Gaseous Emunes Measurements
17.1 Back-to-pack Federal and Short Cycle resuits on the same en-
t should agree suhin:
= 025 g/bhph for HC
= 075 gybhp-h for NO
= 08 g/bhp-h for HC + NO,
£03 g/bhph for CO
arrecuion factor between the two types of teus may be applied to
ve gata prior to ihe back-to-back caiculauons.
172 Accepubie shart cycie schedules will have corretauios coeff-
u (Ref. 8) of 09 of beuer. If the average emuson level of the pop-
on with 90% confidence tes $ stanaard devanons below the appk-
 wanaara, a correiauon coeifinent of 0.75 or better 13 acceptabic.
The correuuon coefficient (1) us equal ta:
ntEav) — (£xxZv)
ire otal
re k= (SMode cycte result in g/Dhpb

) TM preated |$-Mode result from N-Mode shor cycie

in g/bhp-h

n @ sample suze of 16 (15 tess, plus 0, 0 to direct

linear regression thru ongin)

16

re

(hy P}

f

£

mr
.

Pp
’

‘Me "Ma 1M
7

ATS Accepiable short cycle schedules wil idennfy deviant engine:
as well as nominal engines.

18, References

1 SAE J35, Diese) Smoke Measurement Proceaure (January,

1973)
2. SAE J177 APR&2. Measurement of Carbon Dioasae, Carbon

Monoxide, ana Oxides of Nitrogen in Diese! Exhaux.
3. SAE [215 NOV80, Coonnuous Hydrocaroon Anaivsa of Diese

4. SAE J244 JUN8S. Measurement of Intake Air or Exhaust Gas
Flow of Diesei Engines.

5. SAE J255a, Diesel Engine Smoke Measurement (August. 19781.

6. SAE J1008 FEBS4. Diesel Engine Emusion Measurement Proce
dure.
7 SAE J1949 JUNSS. Engine Power Test Code — Spark Igninon
Devel.

8. Freund. John £, Modern Elementary Stausucs. Prenuce-Hall,
Inc., Engiewood Cliffs, NJ 1973.
APPENDIX A

Retesting—Upon compleucn of the prescribed test(s), the test resules
thould provide data for accept or reyect dectmon. Under ceruun cond
ons, a reves of a reyected sample may be permuted. These condmons
ue

1. Inlet aur temperature higher than specified.
2. Fuel does not meet specificauons.



ENGINE NUMBER

EXGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 739.9 MM HG (29.13 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 24.4 C (76.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIHE SECONDS

‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)

TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFM)

TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFM)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU, HETRES(SCF)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPM
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT

NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W)

NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

fC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

BC MASS GRAHS
CO MASS GRAHS
C02 MASS GRAKS
NOX HASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (BP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW BR (C/HP HR)
BSCO G/KW ER (G/EP ER)
BSNOX G/KW BR (G/BP HR)
PART. G/KW BR (/EP HR)
BSFC KG/KW BR (LB/BP BR)
WORK «WEAR (HP MRI

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/BP BR)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

S.S.

TEST JD-4.5-8M-3-2 RON
TIME

DATE 5/26/92

PROJECT WO. 08-4855-150

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C

CELL 4

CELL:

1
1200.0
32.38 (1143.4)
+04 ( 1.43)
00 (  .0)
00 (00)
648.4 ( 22896.)

44.6/ 42/ 44.64
6.7) 42/ 6.71
36.5/ 13/ 33.50
yy 35
75.1/ 11/ .6819
8.7/ Uf .0521
17] 43/ $8.53
16/2/62

19.43
38.28
32.13
6325
57.94

14.260
24.254
7502.49
71.532
2,384 (5.26)
9.43 ( 12.65)

1.512 { 1.127) ( 1.13) (CONT)
2.571 { 1.917) ( 1.92)

7,583 ( 5.655) ( 5.65) (CONT)
425 (0317) (32)
.253 ( .415)

4.43 ( 12.65)

795. ( 593.)

78.0 F RH 57.0 PCT 2H 83.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.5 C/KG ( 73.3 GR/LB)

BAG CART 1

DIESEL 2)
ECR 1.80

DRY-TO-WET C.F.

90 HM PILTER NUMBERS
90 MM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.3 C (57.7 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F.

996
975

P90-147  P90-148

4.793
4.013

+227


ENGINE NUMBER
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE = 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-4.5-8H-6-2 RON
DATE 5/26/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
ECR 1.80

EH-1392-F

ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1
BAROMETER 739.4 MM BG (29.11 IN HG) CELL: 78.0 F RH 57.0 PCT AH 83.8 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.1 C (57.3 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.8 C (82.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.3 G/KG ( 72.3 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 993
DRY-TO-WET C.P.  .975
BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1
TIME SECONDS 600.0
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCPH) 32.42 (1144.6)
TOT. 90M RATE SCH (SCFH) +04 ( 1.49)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCH (SCFH) 00 ( — .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCH) -00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES( SCP) 324.6 ( 11461.)
BC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM 28.7/ 42/ 28.74
BC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH §.9/ 42/ 5.91
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 9.1/ 13/ 8.04
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 0/13/00
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 69.8/ 11/ .6060
02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCT 8.5/ 11/ .0509
WOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM (W) 1.9/ 43/ 79.53
OX BCRGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 5/2/52
DILUTION PACTOR 21.98
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 23.10
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 7.80
C02 CONCENTRAPION PCT +5575
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 79.03,
BC HASS GRAHS 4.307
CO HASS GRAMS 2.947
C02 HASS GRAMS 3310.39
OX HASS GRAHS 48.715
PUEL RG (LB) 1.046 (2.31)
&W HR (HP BR) 5.14 (6.89)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSEC  G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 838 (625) ( .63) (CONT) 90 HH PILTER NUMBERS P90-153 P90-154
BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP ER) «574 (428) (43) 90 MM FILTER WP. GAINS (HG) 1.423.129
BSHOX G/KW ER (G/HP ER) 9,481 ( 7.070) ( 7.07) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 1.197
PART. G/KW HR (G/EP HR) +233 (174) ( .17)
BSFC XG/KW HR (LB/AP HR) = .204 (_ .335)
WORK KW BR (HP §&) 5.14 (6.89)
BSCO2 G/RW BR (G/HP ER) 644, ( 480.)

G-I8


G&EEBESBBNSRRESBREB

Health & Safety Code
Section 44011.6

SEC. 16. Section 44011.6 of the Health and Safety
Code is amended to read:

44011.6. (a) As expeditiously as possible, the state
board shall develop a test procedure for the detection of
excessive smoke emissions from heavy-duty diesel motor
vehicles that is feasible for use in an intermittent Toadside
inspection program. During the development of the test
procedure, the state board shall cooperate with the
Department of the California Highway Patrol in
conducting roadside inspections. The state board may
also specify visual or functional inspection procedures to
determine the presence of tampering or defective
emissions control systems in heavy-duty diesel or
heavy-duty gasoline motor vehicles. The chairperson of
the state board shall appoint an ad hoe advisory
committee which shall include, but not be limited to,
Tepresentatives of heavy-duty engine manufacturers,
carriers of property for compensation using heavy-duty
gasoline or diesel motor vehicles, and the Department of
the California Highway Patrol. The advisory committee
shall cooperate with the state board to develop a test
procedure pursuant to this subdivision and shall advise
the state board in developing regulations to implement
test procedures and inspection of heavy-duty commercial
motor vehicles.

(b) The state beard shall, by regulation, prohibit the
use of heavy-duty motor vehicles which are determined
to have excessive smoke emissions or other
emissions-related defects, using the test procedure
established pursuant to subdivision (a). However, visual
or functional inspection procedures for heavy-duty
gasoline vehicles shall not be more stringent than those
Prescribed by the department for heavy-duty gasoline
vehicles subject to biennial inspection pursuant to
Section 44013. The state board may issue a citation to the

A-29


YW.

Approximately 600 trucks were randomly sslectead and tested
in this pilot study. The test conststed of acceleration and
smap idle opacity evaluations, conducted both electronically
and visually, and an underhaod tampering inspection. A 35%
smoke opacity cutpotnt was used for these tests.

Approximately 240 (422) of the tasted vehicles failed the
tast pracedure. ARB offered to pay up to $1000 and EMA
offered to pay an additional $500 for repairs for trucks
which failed the test. Sixty (60) trucks were recruited
into this voluntary repair program. This repair program was
conducted in order to gather information on the
effectiveness of repairs in reducing opacity levels. This
data was analyzad, by ARB and an ARB angineering contractor,
in order to davelop test procadures, opacity cutpoints and a
civil penalty schedule for the permanent enforcement
program. Analysis af this data found that there are three
primary causes of excessive saoke emissions: improper
transtant air fuel ratio contro! settings, fuel injection
timing problems, and inadequate intake (restricted air
filters, etc.). These probiems are generally correctad with
repatrs casting less than $500 per vehicle.

A supplemental pilot program was conducted at the San Onofre
CHP inspection facility during February through early April
1990. An additional 310 trucks were randomly selected and
testad under this supplemental pilot program. This program
employed enhanced tast procedures. Emissions and tampering
data were gathsred and analyzed for tha validation of the
proposed tast procedures, apacity cutpoints, and
citatton/civil penalty assessment schedules.

PROPOSED ENFORCEWENT PROGRAM DESIGN AND IMPLEWENTATICN

ARB, 1m conjunction with the CHP and tha Ad Hoe Advisory
Committea, has designed a proposed heavy-duty vehicle
emissions inspection and enforcement program. This proposed
program includes the following: vehicle selection
procedures, a peak opacity cutpaint of 40% and 582, test
procedures for measuring opacity on dtesel powerad heavy-
duty vehicles and detecting tampering on gasoline and diesel
powered heavy-duty vehicles, retests, citation issuance,
crvil panalty schadules and assassment, and placing vahicies
out of servica.

A "non-penalty pre-enforcement” program was implemented in
June of 1990 at salected CHP inspection and scale facil:ties
Statewide. Addttionally, inspections will take place at
randomly salectad roadside sites and fieets statewide.
California and out-of-state registered vehicles wtl! be

“76

A-ae


TABLE 7. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE 8-MODE STEADY-STATE #1
EMISSION RESULTS

|SO 8-Mode Test Points -—-—John Deere 3 9L Off—Highway-
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load % Factor tpm ft-lb BHP
1 Rated 100 18% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 75 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 18% 2,200 89 7
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 210 52
6 Int 7 10% 1,300, 158 39
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 105 26
8 Idle ) 18% 850 0 ie}
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ibfar g/hr g/nr g/hr g/hr
1 7 24.6 1422 86.08 637 45 24,10
2 56 19.2 27.79 30.80 356 67 9,90
3 338 184 2707 49.64 198.43 867
4 7 68 59.88 91.48 53 87 7.34
5 s2 199 938 898.78 383.47 125.90
6 3 13.7 20.77 21.62 27974 1169
7 26 2.6 2150 20.65 153.90 714
8 Q 13 12.71 1425 20.83 199
Mode g/Ib Fuel
Fuel AC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/lo gio g/lb gfib g/lb
1 75 NA ose 3.50 25.92 098
2 56 NA 145 160 18.58 052
3 38 NA 175 321 12.84 O56
4 7 NA 876 13.38 788 107
$ 52 NA 047 45.20 19.28 6.33
6 38 NA 151 157 20.36 0.85
7 26 NA 2.23 2.44 15.98 0.74
8 ie} NA 942 10.56 15.43 148
Mode grhp—hr
BSFC qe co NOx Part
Mode Hp lb/np—nr_g/hp~hr —g/hp—hr —g/hp—hr —_g/hp—hr
1 7 0329 0.19 118 8.55 0.32
2 56 0345 0.50 05s 64 018
3 38 0 406 O71 131 5.22 023
4 7 0954 8.35 12.76 751 102
5 52 0,383 0.18 1736 74 243
6 38 0363 0.55 0.57 737 O31
7 26 0370 083 0.79 5.92 027
8 Q NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC HC co NOx Pat
lofap—ne = gihp—he = g/hp—he = gihp-hr — g/hip—te |
8-Mode |
Weighted 0376 062 347 TAZ 0 584!

13


Health and Environmental Effects

Constituent Detrimental Effect
- Particulates - Carcinogenic
- Mutagenic
| - Visibility Impairment
- HC and NOx - Ozone Precursors
- SOx and NOx —- Acid Rain
I - Other Toxic Air - Carcinogenic
Contaminants - Mutagenic

Estimated Benefits (1996)

Pollutant Reduction Tons/Day ©
| PM 39% 32 |
| He 27% 22
| NOx 4% 19
|
| Reduction of Smoking Trucks - 57 %

1
A
'
l
!

A-(6


Ir.

the vehicle from service until such time corrective action
is taken and/or the civil panalties are paid.

To compliment SB 1997, 1n 1990 the Legislature enacted SB
1874 ta pravide a vahicle owner with recourse to a

Judicial hearing for a citation through an administrative
hearing pracess prior to the enforcement of a citation. The
ARB 1s required to develop appropriate regulations to gavern
the conduct of the administrative hearing.

The provisions of SB 1997 and AB 1107, pertaining to this
program, may be found in section 44011.6 et saq. of the
California Health and Safaty Cade. (A copy of section
44011.6 of the Health and Safety Code is attached hereto.)

IHE BASIS FOR A HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE INSPECTION PROGRAM

HEAVY-DUTY YEHICLE EMISSIONS: TYPES, CAUSES, EFFECTS,
CONTROLS AND BENEFITS OF CONTROLS

A significant number of in-use heavy-duty vehicles are
diesel fueted. The following 18 a brief discussion of the:
inventory and types of emissions that are emitted from
heavy-duty diesel engines; their causes; adverse effects;
control strategies used to reduce these emissions; and the
benefits of controlling these emissions.

A. INVENTORY AND TYPES OF HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE
ENISSIONS

There are approximately 200,000 heavy-duty diesel

vehicles in service in California. These vehicles
traval approximataly 27 million miles par day (125
miles/day/vehicla on average) and use 1.5 billion

gallons of fuel each year.

These vehicles emit on average each day: 30 tans of
sulfur oxides (SOx), 543 tans of nitrogen oxides
(NOx), 123 tons of parttculate matter (PM), and 107
tons of hydrocarbons (HC). These vehicles also emit
carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02), and
miscatlaneous toxic compounds such as benzene,
aldehydes, 1,3 butadiene, and xylene. These vahiclas
account far 30% af the NOx and 75% of the PM emissions
from on-road vehicles.

B. CAUSES QF EXCESSIVE HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE EMISSIONS

Tampering with and malmainteanance of specific engine
components and malmaintenance of the engine itself are

-2-


te}{g) In the event that a 1974 or later model-year heavy-duty
diesel-powered vehicle's engine identification cannot be
determened chtained by the inspector 1n order to determine the
Federal smoke certification level, the owner, within thirty (30)
calendar days of the inspection, shall provide the ARB with the
engine identification information. If the owner fatts to comply
with this requirement, it is conclusively presumed for the purpose
of subsaquentiy performing the test orecedure smeke oméscien
inspectionsé that the vehicle has a Federal peak smoke
certiftcation level equal to or less than thirty-five (35) percent

peak smoke opacity and that the test peak smoke onscity standard
4a 2382¢a} woutd appty is forty (40) percent.

¢d}{b) Manufacturers of heavy-duty diesel-powered engines shal!
within sixty (60) calendar days of the effective-date of this
sectiony provide to the ARB the certification levels by model-year
for each engine family that it has certified to levels above
thirty-five (35) percent peak opacity and a complete list of engine
identification numbers for each of these engine families.

¢e}(i) The smoke opacity measurement equipment shall consist of a
light extinction type smokemeter which includes an optical

detection unit, a controt/indicator unit, and a strip chart
recorder.

{1) The smokematear shall previde fer fu3i flowy end of Jiney and
Gontdaveus measurescnt % epasityy an Gasibrated
according te manufacturer-¢ pee. Ficationse comoly with the

(2) The smekemates aad strip chart recorder shali comply te
with specifications in Seesety of Autemetive Engineers
€SAE} procedure J1243, saction ? 2.5. subsections 1 - 45.
antééied “Smoke Measurtng Equipment and Lastrumentatiene

¢#}£i). The test procedure shall consist of preparation,
preconditioning, and test phases:

(1) In the preparation phase, the vehicle shal] be placed at
rest, the transmission shall be placed in neutral, and the
vehicle wheels shall be properly restrained ta prevent any
rolling motion.

(2) In the precondittoning phase, the vehicle shall be put
through a snap-idle cycle two or more times until two

“7 A-44


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 747.5 HM HG (29.43 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 21.1 C (70.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
‘TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
‘TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM {SCPH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCPH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO. SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PCP
NOX SAMPLE MEPER/RANGE/PPH (i)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAMS
CO MASS GRAHS
O02 HASS GRAMS
NOX MASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW BR (HP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
$.8.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-4 RON 2
DATE 5/7/92 TIME 2:48
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 70.0 F RH 68.0 PCT 4H 76.1 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.3 G/KG ( 72.0 GR/LB)

1
1200.0
32.74 (1156.2)
+05 ( 1.61)
-00( .0)
00 ( .00)
655.8 ( 23156.)

62.4/ 42/ 62.49
3,7/ 42/ 3.70
47.8/ 13/ 44.63

3/13/26
75.7/ 12/ .3214
16.4/ 12/ .0566

+2/ 43/ 14.54
1.0/ Lf .27

40.36
58.88
43.12
2662
14.28

22.184
32.923
3193.42
17.771
1.042 (2.30)
1.86 ( 2.49)

BSEC G/KW BR (G/HP HR)
BSCO G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW ER (G/HP ER)
PART. G/KW ER (G/EP HR}
BSFC XG/KW BR (LB/HP HR)
WORK KW ER (EP ER)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/EP ER)

D4

11.947 ( 8.909) ( 8.91) (CONT)
17.731 (13.222) (13.22)

9.571 ( 7.137) ( 7.14) (CONT)
1.545 ( 1.152) ( 1.15)

+561 ( .923)

1.86 (2.49)

1720. ( 1282.)

90 HM PILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
HCR 1.80

EN-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.2 C (57.5 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .992
DRY-TO-WET C.P. 980

P90-73  P90-74

90 HM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

3,327
2.868

657


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 745.2 MM HG (29.34 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.3 C (83.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH {SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCMM (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCMH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFM).
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE KETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPH
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

S.S. PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150
TEST JD-3.9-8H-7 RON DIESEL 2D EN-1392-F
DATE 5/ 6/92 TIME HCR 1.80

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 PCT AH 62.9 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.1 C (57.4 F)
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.3 G/KG ( 72.0 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .992
DRY-TO-WET C.F, 982

1
1200.2
32.48 (1146.7)
04 ( 1.53)
00 (0)
409 ( .00)
650.5 ( 22969.)

24.3/ 42/ 24.31
5.3/ 42) 5.31
10.6/ 13/ 9.38
“Bs .09
94.9/ 12/ .4330
14.1/ 12/ .0482

NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W) 15/ 43/ 42.17
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 16/2/62
DILUTION FACTOR 30.71
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 19.18
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 9.09
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 3864
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 41.57
HC MASS GRAKS 7.167
CO MASS GRAMS 6.885,
02 HASS GRAMS 4598.07
NOX MASS GRAMS 51.307
FUEL KG (LB) 1.455 (3.21)
KW ER (EP ER) 6.47 (8.67)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 1.109 ( .827) (_ .83) (CONT) 90 HM PILTER NUMBERS P90-63 P90-64
BSCO G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 1.065 (794) ( .79) 90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 2.979 190
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 7.936 ( 5.918) ( 5.92) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS /TEST 2.380
PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 368 (274) (27)
BSFC XG/KW BR (LB/HP HR) © 225 ( .370)

WORK KW BR (HP HR) 6.47 (8.67)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP BR) Tu. (

530.)


3. TEST RESULTS

The results of the emission tests performed are summarized in Tables 3 through 14.
Attachments B through G contain emission data sheets for each of the individual tests
performed, figures displaying TEOM data collected during the transient tests, and engine
performance sheets recorded during the 8-mode steady-state tests. Original charts for
continuous HC and NO, and other detailed documentation will be kept on file by SwRI for
three years.

3.1 John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine

As the result of a file storage error, TEOM data could not be retrieved following the
first pair of 3.9L transient test sequences. Therefore, a second set of transient test
sequences was performed complete with TEOM continuous particulate matter measurement
data. Transient test results for the John Deere 4039D engine are given in Tables 3 through
6. The 8-mode steady-state test results are given in Tables 6 and 7. These tables are
broken down into four groups, with the first grouping of data identifying the actual test
modes and mode weighting factors used in computing the mode-weighted composite brake
specific emissions at the bottom of each table. Other groupings of data include a mass
emission rate in grams/hour for each mode, a fuel specific emission result at each mode in
grams/pound of fuel consumed, and finally the brake specific emission rate at each mode in
grams/horsepower-hour.

3.2 John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine
Transient test results for the John Deere 4045D engine are given in Tables 7 and 8.

The 8-mode steady-state results are displayed in Tables 9 and 10, presented in a manner
consistent with the previous 4039D steady-state data.


John Deere 3.9L Off Highway ISO 8178 8—Mode Test (#2) Data
08-4855-150 Test Date= 5~7-92

C:\123R3\DATA\WD39SS2
\SO 8—Mode Test Points ~~-~John Deere 3.9L Off—Highway—
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load % Factor tpm ft-lb BHP
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 75 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 15% 2,200 89 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 210 52
6 {nt 7 10% 1,300 158 39
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 105 26
8 Idle 0 15% 850 0 te)
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp {b/hr g/hr __g/hr g/hr g/hr
1 74 25.2 16.38 117.77 633.16 25.22
2 57 20.9 25.93 39.67 380.03 11.43
3 36 14.9 29.00 52.45 197.11 6.99
4 7 69 66.55 98.77 53.31 8.60
5 52 19.7 9.51 851.67 394.99 121.73
6 38 13.9 20.18 20.77 282.99 14.41
7 26 9.8 21.02 22.66 155.63 9.04
8 (¢) 1.4 13.18 13.69 23.11 1.96
Mode g/Ib Fuel
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/lb g/lb g/lb g/lb g/lb
1 74 NA 0.65 4.67 25.13 1.00
2 57 NA 1.24 1.89 18.15 0.55
3 36 NA 1.94 3.52 13.22 0.47
4 7 NA 9.65 14.31 7.73 1.25
5 52 NA 0.48 43.20 20.04 6.17
6 38 NA 1.46 1.50 20.42 1.04
7 26 NA 2.14 2.30 15.82 0.92
8 i?) NA 9.15 9.51 16.05 1.36
Mode g/hp—hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp lb/hp—hr_ —g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr_ so g/hp—hr_ —_g/hp—hr
1 74 0.339 0.22 1.58 8.51 0.34
2 S7 0.368 0.46 0.70 6.67 0.20
3 36 0.410 0.80 1.44 5.41 0.19
4 7 0.923 8.91 13.22 7.14 1.15
5 52 0.383 0.18 16.51 7.65 2.36
6 38 0.362 0.53 0.54 7.39 0.38
7 26 0.377 0.81 0.87 5.97 0.35
8 te) NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC HC co NOx Part

Ib/hp—hr g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr
8—Mode
Weighted 0.384 0.65 3.54 7.30 0.592



region (greater Los Angeles region), the SCAQMD,
in conjunction with the CHP, operates a smoking
vyanhticla inspection program. Vehicles found to
be emitting excessive smoke emissions are issued
California Vehicle Code section 27153.5
cttations by the CHP. The 27153.5 inspection
process differs from the HOVIP inspection
process in that the 27153.5 process features a
transient Ringlemann smoke emissions evaluation
for pass/fail datarmination and the HDVIP test
peacedure features a stationary snap idie test
procedure for pass/fail determination. A
detailed discussion of the HOVIP test procedure
fs provided in secttan ILI belaw.

ANTICIPATED BENEFITS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM

Basad on ARB and ARB sponsored studies, it is
anticipated that the implementation of a heavy-duty
vehicle smoke and tampering inspection program wil!
provide for 19 tons per day of nitrogen oxide (NOx)
Paduction (4% of NOx amitted from these vehicles), 22
tons per day of hydrocarbon (HC) reduction (27% of HC
emitted from these vehicles), and 32 tans per day of
particulate reduction (392 of particulates emitted
from these vehicles). In addition, it is estimated
that the HOVIP will reduce the number of on-road
excessively smoking heavy-duty vehicles by §7 percent.

The cest-effactiveness of these reductions is very low
when compared to casts of raductions from staticnary
Sources of thase amtsstons (1.@. power plants,
refineries, etc). The anticrpated cost-effactiveness
for this program is $0.44 per pound ($880 per ton)
reduced for HC and NOx combined and $0.47 per pound
{$940 per ton) reduced for particulates. 8y
comparison, the Califarnia [/M (Smog Check) program is
estimated to have a cost-effactiveness of $2.30 per
pound ($4600 per ton) reduced for HC and NOx combined.

TIT. HEAYYOUTY VEHICLE TMSPECTION PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
PILOT INSPECTION PROGRAM

A-a4

Ouring the spring of 1989, the ARB conducted a voluntary

"“pilet® heavy-duty vehicle inspection program in orcer to
gather data to design tha permanent program. The pilot
program was conducted at the Rainbow and San QGnofre CHP
inspection sites located in Northern San Oiego County and at

randam raadside locations in the South Coast Air Basin.

whe


LIST OF FIGURES

Page
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Diesel Engine Before Installation
in SwRI Transient Test Cell 4.0.0... 0... cece eee eee 4
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Diesel Engine Before Installation
in SwRI Transient Test Cell 4 ........0. 0.0... 0c eee eee eee 4

iv


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL $1 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 741.2 HM HG (29.18 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 24.4 C (76.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECOHDS
‘TOT. BLOWER RATZ SCHM (SCFH)
‘TOT. SOMM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

S.S. PROJECT NO. 08~4855-150
TEST JD-4.5-8H7 RON DIESEL 2D EH-1392-F
DATE 5/26/92  TIKE BCR 1.80

COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.7 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 15.4 C (59.7 F)
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.2 G/KG ( 78.7 GR/LB) NOX EUHIDITY C.F, 1.010
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .977

1
1200.1
32.54 (1149.1)
+04 ( 1.46)
-00{  .0)
+00 ( .00)
651.8 ( 23014.)

30.6/ 42/ 30.61

HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 6.4/ 42/ 6.41
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH 14.3/ 13/ 12.72
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH 4/13/35
02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 55.9/ 11/ .4459
02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PCT 8.2/ 11 .0490
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (1) 6/ 43) 49.38
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 5/2/52
DILUTION FACTOR 29.76
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 24.42
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 12.04
02 CONCENTRATION PCT 3986
HOX CONCENTRATION PPH 48.88
HC KASS GRAHS 9.142
CO HASS GRAMS 9.135
C02 KASS GRAMS 4752.45
NOX KASS GRAMS 61.516
FUEL KG (LB) 1.507 (3.32)
KW BR (EP HR) 6.78 (9.09)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP BR) 1.349 ( 1.006) ( 1.01) (CONT) 90 HM FILTER NUMBERS 790-139 P90-140
BOSCO G/RW ER (G/EP HR) 1.348 ( 1.005) ( 1.09) 90 HM FILTER WP. GAINS (HG) 2.662.263
BSNOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 9.075 ( 6.767) ( 6.77) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS /TEST 2.305
PART. G/KW AR (G/EP ER) 340. (.254) { .25)
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/HP HR) © .222 (366)
WORK KW ER (HP &R) 6.78 (9.09)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP BR) 701. ( 523.)


mg/Cubic Meter

t-J

25

20

15

10

FIGURE F7. JD-4.5-TH5 TEOM DATA

tot hl Ta pele

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200
Seconds


PROPOSED HEW REGULATIONS REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A
ROADSIDE SMOKE AND EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM INSPECTION FOR

ALL IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL- AND GASOLINE-POWERED VEHICLES
TITLE 13, CALIFORNIA CODE CF REGULATIONS, SECTIONS AFFECTED

Section 2180
Section 2180.1
Section 2181
Section 2182

Applicability

Definitions

Rasponsibilities Ouring Inspection Procedure
Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Smoke Gpacity Test

Procedure

Section 2183 - Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Control System
Inspection

Section 2184 > Refusal to Submit to Inspection Procedure

Section 2185 - Civil Penaity Schedule

Section 2186 + Demonstration of Correction and Post-Repair Test
Inspection

Section 2187 - Vehicles Removed From Service

Note: The entire text of Subchapter 3.5 set forth in this rulemaking 1s
new language to be added to the California Code of Regulations. Proposed
additions to the text of the originally-noticad proposal are shown in
underline, and deletions are shown in strakeout.

A-Al


ee

TABLE 15. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE TEST RESULTS

Test Test MAK EMISSIONS (GMP — BsFc 8-MOOE (GMA) SMOKE TEST% SNAP —IDLE SMOKE TEST %

DATE NO +P ESCO] BSNOx | PT haxP-HR[BSHC 7 BSCO | BSNox ooo - bol 7 S a TRE FEMARKS
s/s _| JD-39-To3 | 75 158] 440] 803] 0773] 0519} NO TEOM
s/is2 | JD-39-TH2| 75 14a{ 274] 793] o510] 0457] NO TEOM
syuis2_| JD-39-THS | 75 i3al 278] 771| 0506] 0479] NO TEOM
s/use_| JD-39-CH2| 75 146] 298] 795] 0548] 0 466] NO TEOM
s/ars2_| JD-39-TC4| 75 161} 418] Baa] 1019] 0512) NO TEOM
s/arse | JD-39~TH4| 75. 144} 289] 748! 0567] 0484) NO TEOM
s/afs2_| JD-39-THS| 75 149] 251] 786) 0494] 0467] NO TEOM
syafse_| JD-39-CH4] 75 147] 307] 757} _o6s2| 0488) NO TEOM
syefs2_| JD-39-eM1| 75 ors] 115| 855} oa20] o3zs| 1422| s608| 63745| 24 10)

Syers2_| JD-39-8M2| 56 050] 055] 641] 0180] 0345| _2779| 3080] 35667] 990]

syefs2_| JD-39-8M3| 38 o7i| 131] 522] o230] 0406] 2707| 4964] 19843] 8 67|
syefs2_| JD-39-8M4| 7 835| 1276] 751| 1020] o9s4|_ S988] 9148] 5387! 734)
syefs2_| JD-39-8MS| 52 018] 1736| 741| 1020] 03a3| 938! _s987a| 38347] 125 90]
s/6fs2_| JD-39-eMG| 38 055] 057] 737| o310| 0363| 2077] 2162] 27974] 1169)
syefs2_| JD-39-8M7} 26 083] 079] 592] 0270} o370| 2150] 2065] 15990) 7 14]
syeps2_| JD~39-ems| 0 NA | NA | NA | NA NA 1273] 1425] 2083] 199)
s/6fs2_|_ WTD RESULT os2| 347] 717) 0584] 0376
s/7s2_| JD-39-8M21| 74 oz] 158] 851} 0340} 0339] 1638] 11777] 63316} 2522)
s/7s2_| JD-39-8M22| 57 046] 070] 667] 0200} 0368] 2593| 3967] 38003| 1143)
sj7s2 | JD-39-8M23| 36 oso] 144] 541] o190] o4to| 2900] 5245] 19711] 6.99)
s/7fs2_| 3D-39~-eM24) 7 Bos} 1322) 714] 1150) 0923] 6655] 9877] 5331] B60)
sis _| JD-39-eM25| 52 018] 1651] 765] 2360] 0383] 951| 85167} 39499] 12173)
s/7f2_| JD-39-8M26} 38 os3| 054] 739] 0380] 0362] 2016] 2077| 26299] 1441
s(7fs2_| JD-39-8M27} 26 081] 087| 597| 0350] o377| 2102] 2266) 15563] 904]
simf2_| JD-39-8M28} 0 NA | NA | NA | NA NA 1318] 1369} 2311 196|
/7fs2_| WTD RESULT 065] 354) 730) 0592] 0384)

§/1282 | JD-39-Tos| 75 142] 418] 759] 0825) 0490)

s/12e2 | JD-39-THe | 75 130] 321| 732] 0581] 0468)

5/12/82 | JD-39-THSA] 75 136] _266| 741] 0472| 0463)

g/1282 | JD-39-CH8 | __75 132] 335/736 o6t6| 0471

8/1382 | JD-39-Tc7 | __ 75 152] 419| 866] 0783] 0497]

5/13/92 | JD-39-THI0| 75 136| 325] 732| os89| 0 459)

5/1382 | JD-39-TH11] 75 137] 276! 733| 0530] 0446)

8/13/92 | JD-39-CH11] 75 138} 339} 751] o617| 0.464)

5/1492 | _JD-39-St 119] _231| 236
i142 | JO0-39-S2 wol 232] 264
si1492 | JO-39-SI1 61} 168} 165] 167]



5.

Audit Test Procedure” (May 1988). A copy of this document 1s included as an
attachment to this notice.

Appended hereto is a copy of Board Resolution 90-64, which approves the
proposed regulations setting forth the test procedure, smoke opacity
standards, emission contro] system inspections, and civil penalty structure
applicable ta heavy-duty diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles. Attached to
the resolution 1s the approved language of the regulations with additions to
the originally proposed text shown 1n single underline and deletions shown
by strike out\.

In accordance with Government Code section 11346.8, the Board directed
the Executive Officer to adept the amendments, as approved, after making
them available to the public for comment for a period of at least fifteen
(15) days, to consider written comments submitted during this period, to
make modifications to the regulations as may be appropriate in light of the
comments received, and to present the regulations to the Board for further
consideration 1f he determines that this action 1s warranted.

Written comments must be submitted to the Board Secretary, Air
Resources Board, P.0. Box 2615, Sacraments, California 96812, no later
than April 25, 1991, for consideration by the Executive Officer. Only
comments relating to the modifications described in this notice will be
considered by the Executive Officer.

Attachments


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 747.0 HH HG (29.41 IN 8G)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 26.1 ¢ (79.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TINE SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHK (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCP)

BC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
BC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPN
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPM
CO2 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER /RANGE/PCT
NOX SAHPLE MEFER/RANGE/PPM (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RARGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

EC CONCENTRATION PPM
CO CONCENTRATION PPM
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
HOX CONCENTRATION PPM

EC MASS GRAMS
CO MASS GRAHS
002 HASS GRAKS
NOX MASS GRAHS
PUEL &G (LB)
RW BR (EP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-8 RUN 2
DATE 5/7/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 73.0 F RH 43.0 PCT AH 52.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.3 G/KG ( 71.8 GR/LB)

1
1200.0
32.68 (1154.1)
04 ( 1.57)
00 (0)
00 ( .00)
654.6 ( 23113.)

14.9/ 42/ 14.96
3.3/ 42/ 3.30
7.2/ 13/ 6.34
3/13/26
46.4/ 13/ .1043
22.8/ 13/ .0487
af B/ 6.39
YoY ay

125.87
11.68
5.99
+0561
6.20

BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP HR)
BSCO G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/HP BR}
PART. G/KW BR (G/EP BR)
BSPC XG/KW BR (LB/HP BR)
WORK «RW BR (HP §R)

BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP BR)

D-18

itthth (tttett) (tttet) (CONT)
teenth (tittet) (tttie)
tktttt (atkeehy (deter) (CORT)
dekkth (ttteat) (tttee)
dette (thttth)

00 ( — .00)
aaentt (teeta)

90 HH PILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
HCR 1.30

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.1 C (57.4 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 992
DRY-TO-HET C.F. .987

P90-81 90-82

90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) .719 == .167
PARTICULATE GRAMS /TEST +654


a report on the smoke emissions enforcement program
conducted under this section, including, but not limited
to, its assessment of the effectiveness of the program, the
impact of the program on the: operations of the
Department of the California Highway Patrol, and its
recoronmendations for changes in, alternatives to, or
termination of, the program.

(h) In addition to the corrective action required by
subdivision (b), and in addition to the civil penalty
imposed by subdivision (d), the owner of a motor vehicle
cited by the state beard pursuant to subdivision (b) shall
pay a penalty of three hundred dollars ($300) per
Citation; except that this penalty shall not apply to the
first citation for any schoelbus. All civil penalties imposed
pursuant to this subdivision shall be collected by the state
beard and deposited in the Diesel Emission Reduction
Fund, which find is hereby created. Funds in the Diesel
Emission Reduction Fund shall, when appropriated by
the Legislature, be available to the State Energy
Resources Conservation and Development Commission
for research, development, and demonstration programs
undertaken pursuant to Section 24617 of the Public
Thi board shall jopt reguisi

(i) The state adopt regulations that afford
an owner cited under subdivision (b) an opportunity for
an administrative hearing. Any owner cited under
subdivision (b) may request an administrative hearing
within 15 working days following either personal receipt
or certified mail receipt of the citation. If the owner fails
to request an administrative hearing within 15 working
days, the citation shall be deemed a final order and not
subject to review by any court or agency. The 15-day
Period may be extended by the administrative hearing
officer for good cause.

Gj} Following exhaustion of the review procedures
provided for in subdivision (i), the state board may apply
to the Superior Court of Sacramento County for 2
judgment in the amount of the civil penalty. The
application, which shall include a certified copy of the
&nal order of the administrative bearing officer, shail
constitute a sufficient showing to warrant the issuance of
the judgment

A-32

BBL SBBS REL BREBSETSTS OBIS canausoo SBBEBREER


TABLE 9. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE SMOKE TEST RESULTS

Federal Smoke Test
Acceleration Lugging Peak
(A) (B} (C)
~ ]

Test #1 11.8 % 23.1 % 23.6 %
Test #2 12.0% 22.2 % 24.1 %
Average 11.9% 11.7% 23.8 %

CARB "Snap-idie" Smoke Test?
Test #1 16.7 % |

Note: All results are percent opacity.
a - Peak opacity.

15


Health and Safety Code
Section 44011.6 (Mandated by SB 1997)

| Mandated fequirements:

+ Set-up Ad-Hoc Advisory Committee
(Industry - Government)

* Develop Test Procedure to Detect Excessive Smoke
* Develop Inspection Procedures for Emission Controis

ve Required Penalty Structure

Possible Penaities up to $1500 Per Day

$300 Additional Penalty Per Citation

CHP Authority to Place Vehicles Out-of-Service
Deveiop Hearing Procedure

Ad-Hoc Advisory Committee

. Air Resources Board (ARB)

! * California Trucking Association (CTA)
Le Engine Manufacturer’s Association (EMA)

i+ South Coast Air Quality

Management District (SCAQMD)

:* Department of California Highway Patrol (CHP)



I-d

mg/Cubic Meter

FIGURE F1. JD-4.5-TC2 TEOM DATA

25

20

15

10

POA a ok

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200
Seconds


tested under this program. Diesel fueled vehicles will be
inspected for excessive smoke emissions. and gasoline fueled
vehicles will be inspected for tampering with emission
control systems. The ARB, at its discretion, may inspect
diesel fueled vehicles for tampering with their emission
controls and emission related controls. All inspections
will be entered into an ARB field computer system. This
will enable ARB to track citations and evaluate the
program's effectiveness. Citations will be issued once
regulations are promulgated for this program, which 1s
anticipated ta occur in early 1991. ARB has proposed that a
graduated civil penalty schedule be employed; which 1s
consistent with vehicle repair costs. Proposed penalties
range from $800 for first level citations to $1800 for
second and subsequent lavel citations. First level citation
penalttes will be reduced to $300 if the cited vehicie 1s
repaired with a 45 day periad and if repair documentation is
provided. A vehicle which fails to clear its citation 13
subject to removal from service by the CHP. The vehicle
will not be released until all outstanding penalties are
paid, Oncaea the outstanding penaities are paid, the venicle
will then de released for repairs. In order to clear the
citation, the hicle owner must repair and submit the
venicls to a retest within 15 days from the date of its
ratease.

Under the proposed rules for the administrative hearing
process, a hearing will be cgnducted upon the request of the
owner of the cited vehicles. These “administrative
hearings” will be conducted by a hearing officer: an
independent, in-house administrative law judge appointed by
the Board, who will have broad authority to take those
actions necessary for a full and fair adjudication of a
contested citation. The vehicle owner will have a
opportunity to present his or her response to the citation
amd to confront and cross-examine witnesses.

Pursuant to section 44011.6(1) of the Health and Safety
code, if an owner does mot raquest a hearing within thirty
days, the citation issued by ARB staff is final and not
subject to review by any court or agency. If the owner
requests @ hearing, the decision rendered pursuant to the
proposed rules is final and not subject to review by any
court or agency unless the owner seeks judicial review

—_—_——

1. As of May 1991, the rules governing the administrative hearing
process were still being developed.

A-ae


TABLE 12. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) NONROAD ENGINE 8-MODE STEADY-STATE #1
EMISSION RESULTS

ISO 8—Mode Test Points ---—John Deere 4 SL Off—Highway—
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load% Factor rpm ft=Ib BHP
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 7 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 15% 2,200 89 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 220 54
6 Int 75 10% 1,300 165 4a
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 110 27
8 Idle fe) 15% 770 0 fe)
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp lb/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr
1 75 26.2 31.16 136.74 388.51 29.31
2 56 20.6 42.43 65.81 288.17 1489
3 38 162 45.84 8418 207 70 1457
4 8 75 62.22 88.14 95.91 1091
5 S4 18.5 2422 40.17 399 33 32.09
6 4 13.8 2441 19.67 283.48 6.67
7 27 10.0 27.42 27 40 18453 691
8 i) 15 21.55 13.56 18.64 490
Mode g/lb Fuel
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Io/lb g/ib gilb g/ib _gflo
1 75 NA 1.19 5.23 1485 112
2 56 NA 2.06 319 13.96 072
3 38 NA 2.84 6.21 12.85 0390
4 8 NA 830 11:75 12.79 146
5 54 NA 131 217 2157 173
6 4 NA 177 1.43 20.54 048
7 27 NA 2.75 2.75 18.53 069
8 Q NA 1437 9.04 12.43 326
Mode g/hp—hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp —lb/fmp—hr —g/hp—hr_—sg/hp—hr_—sog/hp—hr_—_g/hp—hr
1 75 0.349 0.42 1.82 518 039
2 56 0372 076 118 5.19 0.27
3 38 0.424 120 221 5.44 038
4 8 0 966 801 11.35 12.34 140
5 54 0343 0.45, 074 737 059
6 4 0338 0.60 0.48 6.95 016
7 27 0 366 101 100 6.77 0.25
a i} NA NA NA NA NA
| BSFC HC co NOx Part
| Ib/np—hr g/hp—nr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr_ |
'8—Mode |
‘Weighted 9 382 oot 163 605 03971

18


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE KODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L (239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 747.0 HM HG (29.41 IN HG}
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.0 C (77.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCH (SCH)
‘TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFM)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF)

AC SAMPLE NETER/RANGE /PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM
CO BORGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02. BORGRD METER/RANGE /PCT
NOX SAMPLE NETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
KOE BCKGRD NETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

BC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPM
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

BC MASS GRAMS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 HASS GRAMS
NOX HASS GRAHS
PUEL XG (LB)
KW BR (HP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-3.9-8N-6 RON 2
DATE 5/ 7/92 TIME 3:23
COMPUTER PROGRAH ADT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 70.0 F RH 68.0 PCT AH 76.1 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 9.3 G/KG | 65.2 GR/LB)

1
1200.2
32.64 (1152.7)
+04 ( 1.54)
00 ( 0}
00 ( .00)
653.9 ( 23088.)

21.2/ 42/ 21.26
3.5/ 42/ 3.50
U.1/ 13/ 9.83
5/3} 4d
69.4/ 11/ .6011
8.1/ 11/ .0483
9/ 43/ 77.76
A} Qf A

22.18
17.91

9.10
5549
77.36

6.729
6.924
6638.01
94.347
2.096 { 4.62)
9.52 ( 12.76)

BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP BR)
BSCO  G/KW ER (G/EP ER)
BSHOX G/KW AR (G/HP BR)
PART. G/KW ER (G/HP ER)
BSFC XG/KW ER (LB/HP HR)
WORK XW ER (EP BR)

BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP BR)

D-t6

.707 (527) (53) (CONT)
2728 (543) (54)

9.915 ( 7.394) ( 7.39) (CONT)
«505 (377) (38)

220 (362)

9.52 ( 12.76)

698. ( 520.)

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2)
ECR 1.0

EN-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 12.7 C (54.8 P)
NOX HUHIDITY C.F. .975
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .977

P90-77  P90-78.

90 MM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 6.188 = .208
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 4.804


asst

741 The smoke upscimeter must be of the continuous reading full
flow wpe wun the following minimum recommended pertormance
characternucs. (See Appenais H )

744.1 Calbranon accuracy = 1%

741.2 Linearity = 1 (from zero to $0% opacity)

744.5 Drift = 1& wuhin the temperature range specified by the
manuraciurer

74.1.4 Response ume 0.140 s maz for a change from 0% to 95% of
full scaie.

74.1.5 Range 0-100% opacny

2.5 Smone opacuy and engine speed are to be monuered contunu-
ally using esther a snp chart recoraer or other data collecuon/
processing equipment that ws calibrated to provide the following mun
mum pertormance requirements.

75.1 Mimmum speea range of 13-508 mm/min (0.5-20.0 in/
munute).

7.S.2 Maximum fuilscaie respume ume for smoke opacuy of 05 +.

73.8 An auiomat marker indicating | 0s intervais to vernfy chart
aperd ts dewrable.

73.4 The vanous compunents, opacimeter, eiectrome filters, and re
corder snould compre a system capable of data ourpur within the fol
fowang mis.

73.4.1 The smose ouscity trace tw be linear when calibrated or
corrected tw read from 0-50% upacuy. The trace should have 2 resolu
ton wiunin 1% of fulkscale running.

75.42 The engine sveed trace 1 1 be finest when calibrated to
teag from ine iow idle :perd to rated engine speed. The trace should
have a resoiuion wunin $0 rpm af rated engine

754.3 The chart speed wed to record smoke upacuy during the
lugdown ana acceteration modes mus: pronde a time resoiunon of 0.50
.

75.5 The use of yenerai instrumentation for measuring engine
speed, power, utlet air restriction, exhaust back preiu-e, inlet sur ten
perature and humidity, birometnc prewure, preuure, and temprraure
meawurements while performing teus required in this subpart should be
of suffinent accuracy tu ensure that the smuke vest results are not af-
fecued by these cumpunenis (SAE J1$49) (Ref. 7), defines inurument

curacy
7.3.6 A separate low-pass clsctrume filter with the fullow:ng per-
ormance charecterniics may be installed beiween the smoke opace
meter and the recorder (o achieve high frequency attenuauons.
75.61 Three decibel puini—id He.
756.2 Insertwn luw—O = 0.5 dB.
7563 Selectiwur—12 dB per uctave abuse 10 He.
7564 Attenuatwn—27 dB down at 40 Hz min. -
8 Smoke Measunieg Sytem Calibrenen
8&1 The zero and 100% settings uf the outpus from the data pro-
ening cyespment snouid be verified at the beginning and cunsiuson
4 each cumpiete cycle. A span or zero shift of the smokemeter wutput
0 0 2% opens between reading) 1s acceptable, but greater shifts sn
vurpur than this require currectiun and re-running of the test. {If the
UIE an output oF les (han 2% iy knwwa tw be linear wih time, the out
at mas be currecred.)
B3 Perucc or as required chechs lor linearty between zero and
\0U% opacus should be conducted using cabbrated neurral denamty fil-
Jena at specified upacus levels, Any devutin in excess of 1% opacuy
tould be corrected in the raniye from 0-50% opacny. (See Appendix
and G tur Calbratwn Procedures.) .
2.8 If an alernatne data procesung »yem per paragraph 73 3
vulued. penodse checks tor curreiaion wih 2 conventional snp chart

‘<order shoula be made 4s expenence seems neceuary to ensure and

‘cord the accuracy of the enure s)sem.

9. Smebe Emusnen Date Analyui— The fullowing procedure s (or
use with data recurced by 2 strip chart recorder or equivalent, [tu per-
mMuuble to uuuee an LEyrating recorder uF data procmang eyuipment

at can be demonurated to vield equivalent results.

9.1 Locate the start of the lugduwa mude (paragraph 6 1) on the
eed trace The luyduen mode starts when the engine speed 50 rpm
beluw rated weed and ends when the engine speed nat the intermedi:
we speed Divide the lugduen mode into 0.5 5 intervals and determine
© average smone reading during each 0.5 5 intervais,

911 Locate and record the five highest 05 5 intervals during the
-sdomn mage ‘The aseraye of thee five readings 1s the luydown
omube value

9.2 Linate tne start ut the vecand accelerauon cvcle (paragraph

Sion the speed trace [he lira acceleration mode wars when the en+

We Speed 16 Faned adure the ile speed (parayraph 6 3.2). Divide the

accelerauon modes (paragraphs 6.3 and 6.5) into 0.5 s intervals and de-
termine the average smoke reading during each 0.5 1 imerval.

9.2.1 Locate and record the fifteen highess 0.5 + intervals during the
acceierauon moaes. The average of these fifteen readings 1s the acer
eranon smoke value. (An alternate number of intervais may be used for
correiation wuh the Federal Procedure, see Securon 10.)

9.2.2 If a third acceterauon cycie (paragraph 6 5) was run. repeat
paragraphs 9.2 and 9.2.1 far the third acceteration mode. The average
of the acceierauon smoke vaiues for une two cycies is the acceierauca
smoke value.

9.$ Re-examine the 0.5 5 intervals of paragraphs 9.1 and 9.2. The
average of the tnree highest 0.5 6 wuervals represents the peak smoae
value.

10, Correlation of Smoke Measerements—The successful appicauoa
of dus procedure umpies confidence thax values obtained will corretaue
well with results obtained from the Federal Tex Procedure using the

smotemeter. in order to achseve such 3 confidence ievel. ¢

manufacturer conduct such texs as may be re

with freeaom to apply correcuon factors as needed to obuuo

good corretauion. Specific recommendanens in this regard are as fob
lows:

10.1 The oumber of 0.5 s intervals analyzed under paragraph 6.2
of this procedure may be modified to ass in acceptable corretsuca
manufacturer’

upon
10.2 Carrecuon for stack ste difference and spectral response dif-

purposes
must be determined by the manufacurers. SAE J$5 (Ref. 1). comuuns
methods under Secuon 9 for corretauon tests.

16.3 The use of regremon analysss, based upon test data, recom
mended for ewabishing correianon between the mamufac-
turee’s smoke emuuon test procedure and the Federal Smoke Test Pro-
cedure.

10.4 Corretatios of Smoke Cycie Opacity Measurements

10.4.1 Back-to-back short cycle and Federal test resulis (on the same
engine) should agree within:

2.0% opacity « smoke (acceleration)

21.5% opeeny 6 smote (lug)

5.0% opscuy ¢ smoke (peak)
A correcuon factor between the two types of tests may be applied 10
the daia pnor to correlauon caiculauons.

10.4.2 short cycle schedules will have corretaticn coeff
cients of 0.9 or better. If the average emuuon level of the populauoa
wih 90% confidence bes 3 sandard devmauons below ihe appucabie
wandard, 2 corretauon coefficient of 0.75 or greater 1 accepuable. -

10.4.3 Acceptable short cycie schedules will denuiy denant engune:
as well as nosunal engines.

11, Gaseous Emssnen Test Method

11.1 Before commencing the test cycle. the engine to have met
the maoufacwurer’s production vew specifications. All tett instruments
shail be warmed up and readied (per manufacturer's recommendsuens)
including, but nor limited to.

1. Zero checks.

2. Span checks on all ranges scheduled.

S. Flow chechs/pressure checks for zero, span, and sample gasen.

11.2 Intake air temperature between 20 and S0°C (68 and 86°F)
ts recommended. Higher sir temperatures may be used. (Refer to pare

155)
ALS The fuel specificatiuns of paragraph 5 3 apply.
11-4 The exnaum bach-premure reqerovens of taragraph 8.4 ap

ply.
113 The intake aur reuncuon requirements of paragraph 5 $ ap

ply.

11.6 Span the insruments With the engine warmed up and all the
tex equipment readied and at the proper operating temperatures, zero.
and span the inuruments, The span ganes) should be selected in accor-
dance with the manufsciurer’s recommendations and the full scale val
ue of the instrument range(s) to be uiubzed. Full scale vatues shall be 1e-
lected bd bo the expened emenuon values shall fall in the {S.to08
range of the imuruments The “s be less than
150. of full scale a analyzer's response may
(a) The full scale vaiue 120 ppm or ew.

(>) The full scale value ss 5500 ppm or less for CO analysis

(c) The emrssons from the are erratic and the average chan-
deflection value © greater than 15% of full scale.

{d) The contribunes 0} all modes read below the 15% level lew
than 10% by mass of the final teu resus. Tin no case shall expected

| AS


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROHETER 740.9 MM HG (29.17 IH HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 23.9 C (75.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
‘TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE NETER/RANGE/PPH
EC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO. SAMPLE NETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
ROX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (1)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAHS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 HASS GRAKS
NOX HASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW ER (G/HP ER) 600 (
BSCO G/KW ER (G/EP BR) —.994 (

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
5.8.

TEST JD-4.5-8H5 RON
DATE 5/26/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 P RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.7 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.9 G/RG ( 76.5 GR/LB)

1
210.0
32.41 (1144.4)
04 ( 1.48)
.00( 0)
.00 ( .00)
113.6 ( 4011.)
28.9/ 42/ 28.90
71/42) 7.71
20.9/ 13/ 18.76
5/ 13/ «Ad
83,8/ 11/ .7949
8.2/ LL .0490
TAY 43/107.56
3/3/78

16.76
21.65
17,72
+7489
106.83

1.413
2.343
1556.06
23.294
+492 (1.08)
2.36 (3.16)

+447) (45) (CONT)
+741) (— 74)

BSHOX G/KW ER (G/HP HR) 9.886 ( 7.372) ( 7.37) (CORT)
PART, G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 795 ( .593) (59)

BSFC XG/KW ER (LB/HP HR) © .209 ( .343)

WORK KW ER (HP &R) 2.36 (3.16)

BSOO2 G/KW ER (G/EP HR) 660. ( 492.)

90 HM PILTER NUMBERS
90 MM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 2.313 .099
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 1.872

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
HCR 1.30

EN-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.9 C (58.9 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.004
DRY-TO-WET C.F, 974

P90-135 P90-136

G7


Second/Subsequent Violations

» $1,800; 45 Days to Repair
(No Penalty Reduction)
> . .
« Payment of ail Past Monetary Penalties
+ Payment of $1,800 Penalty
* Mandatory Post-Repair Test

Out of Service

* Optional at Any Time
* Vehicle Towed and Stored
3 ve_Acti

+ Payment of all Past Penaities
and Accrued Costs

* 15 Days to Repair Vehicle
Upon Release

- Mandatory Post-Repair Test

A-13


NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and $4011.6 Health and Safety Code. Sections 305, 505, and
545 Vehicie Code.

2186. Demonstration of Correction and Post-Repair Test or Inspection.

(a) The owner may demonstrate correction of the vehicle by submitting
to the Air Resources Board a repair receipt from a repair facility
or a completed work order from a fleet repair or maintenance
facility which contains the following information:

(1) Name, address, and phone number of the facility.
(2) Name of mechanic.
(3) Date of the repair.

{4} Description of component replacement(s}, repair{s), and/or
adjustment(s).

(5) Itemized list of replaced component(s), including description
of part, part number, and cost.

(b) In lieu of submitting a repair receipt or @ completed work order,
the owner may demonstrate correction of the vehicle by submitting
it to a post-repair tast or a post-repair inspection.

(¢) Ihe Air Resources Board shall require Aa post-repair test or
inspection shat? be requsred whenever:

(1) a submitted repair receipt or work order does not comply with
(a) abovey, or

(2) a.cepair receipt or work order appears to be falsifiedeior

(2) A pest-repaip test op inspection chai} be required fer second
and subsequent failures of the test procedure or an emission
control system inspection by on a the vehicle occur within a
one year period.

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033. 43000.
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code. Section 505 Vehicle Code.

2187. Vehicles Removed from Service.

-12-

A-54


John Deere 4.5L Off Highway ISO 8178 8—Mode Test (#2) Data

08-4855-150 Test Date= 5-26-92

C:\123A3\DATA\JD45SS2
ISO 8-Mode Test Points ———John Deere 4.5L Off-Highway
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load % Factor tpm ft-lb BHP.
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 75 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 15% 2,200 89 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 {nt 100 10% 1,300 220 54
6 Int 76 10% 1,300 165 4
7 int 50 10% 1,300 110 27
8 (dle ie) 15% 770 ie) 0
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp lb/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr
76 24.8 26.62 115.43 403.39 27.58
2 56 20.8 39.85 60.18 287.85 13.66
3 38 15.8 42.78 72.76 214.60 12.04
4 7 75 55.09 78.90 97.71 9.82
5 55 18.3 24.53 34.61 392.67 28.05
6 41 13.9 25.84 17.68 292.29 7.18
7 27 10.0 27.71 28.08 187.39 6.93
8 le) 1.6 23.71 15.32 21.50 4.56
Mode gj/lb Fuel
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/ib g/ib gi/lb g/lb g/lb
1 76 NA 1.07 4.65 16.24 1.11
2 56 NA 1.92 2.90 13.87 0.68
3 38 NA 2.71 4.61 13.60 0.76
4 7 NA 7.38 10.56 13.08 1.31
5 55 NA 1.34 1.89 21.41 1.53
6 41 NA 1.86 1.28 21.08 0.52
7 27 NA 2.78 2.82 18.82 0.70
8 0 NA 14.91 9.64 13.52 2.87
Mode g/np—hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/hp—hr_ —g/hp—hr_—g/hp—hr —g/hp—hr_ —_g/hp—hr
76 0.327 0.35 1.52 5.31 0.36
2 56 0.368 0.71 1.07 5.10 0.24
3 38 0.415 1.13 1.92 5.65 0.32
4 7 1.047 7.72 11.05 13.69 1.38
5 55 0.334 0.45, 0.63 7.16 0.51
6 41 0.335 0.63 0.43 7.07 0.17
7 27 0.363 1.01 1.02 6.83 0.25
8 te) NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC HC. co NOx Part
lbfp-hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/np—hr
8—Mode
Weighted 0.373 0.86 1.44 6.11 0.359

Gril


wcoraunoan SBRIRREB

“<SBRNEREBBES

(e) Following the adoption of regulations pursuant to
subdivision (b), the state board and the Department of
the California Highway Patrol shall commence
inspecting heavy-duty motor vehicles. With the
concurrence of the Department of the California
Highway Patrol. these inspections may be conducted in
conjunction with the safety and weight enforcement
activities of the Department of the California Highway
Patrol or at other locations selected by the state board or
the Department of the California Highway Patrol.
Inspection locations may include private facilities where
fleet vehicles are serviced or maintained. The state board
and the Department of the California Highway Patrol
may conduct these inspections either cooperatively or
i ntly, and the state board may contract for
assistance in the conduct of these inspections.

(f) The state board shall inform the Department of the
California Highway Patrol whenever a vehicle owner
cited pursuant to subdivision (b) fails to take a required
corrective action or to pay the 2 civil penalties penalty
levied pursuant to subdivisions subdivision (d) and-t} in
a timely manner ; end the Department ef the Galifernia
Highway Petre} may upem reecipt ef that information.
the eivil penalty is paid and the eorrective aetiem taken.
Following notice and opportunity for an administrative
hearing pursuant to subdivision (i), the state board may
request the Department of the California Highway Patrol
to order the vehicle stored. Upon notification from the
state board of payment of any civil penalties imposed
under subdivision (d) and storage and related charges,
the vehicle shall be released to the owner or designee.
Upon release of the vehicle, the owner or designee shall
correct every deficiency specified in any citation to that
owner with respect to the vehicle.

(g) The state board, in consultation with the
Department ofthe California Highway Patroi, shall,
within two years of the adoption of regulations pursuant
to subdivision (b), prepare and submit to the Legisiarure

A-3l


(a) Vehicles are subject to removal from service by the Department of
the California Highway Patrol if requested by the Air Resources
Board inspector, and if one or more uncleared v+edations
Gitations exist at the time of inspection.

(b) Upon paymant by cashier's check or money order of al] unpaid
penalties for a vehicle that has been removed from service, the
Air Resources Board shall provide the owner, or designee, a

release form for presentation to the Department of the California
Highway Patrol.

(c) The release of the vehicle shall be subject to the condition that

it be repaired and post-repair tested or inspected within fifteen
(15) calendar days.

NOTE: Authority Cited: Sections 39600, 39601. 43013. and 44011.6 Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39033, 43000,
43013, 43018, and 44011.6 Health and Safety Code. Section 505 Vehicle Code.

-13-

A-5S


mg/Cubic Meter

20

15

10

0+
0

GURE C4. TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #3 TEOM

aN

i

=

\

Lak

|

alk.

i

WY VA

\ Abbe?

\

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200

Seconds

—— JD-3.9-TC6 —— JD-3.9-TH8 -—-~ JD-3.9-TH9OR



S-2

mg/Cubic Meter

25

20

15

10

FIGURE C7. JD-3.9-TH11 TEOM DATA

|

it

J
mill!

ra al

\

0
0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100011001200

Seconds



APPENDIX A
CARB "SNAP-IDLE" SMOKE TEST INFORMATION


APPENDIX F
TRANSIENT TEOM FIGURES FOR JOHN DEERE 4045D NONROAD ENGINE


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.2 MM HG (29.14 IN 8G)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 25.6 C (78.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
JOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCH (SCFM)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCF)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

BC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

EC MASS GRAKS
CO MASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAMS
NOX MASS GRAHS
PUEL KG (LB)
KW BR (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSEC G/KW BR (G/HP HR) 947 (

BSCO G/KW BR (G/HP BR)
BSHOX G/KW ER (G/HP HR)

1.429 ( 1.066) ( 1.07)
6.837 ( 5.098) ( 5.10) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
SS.

TEST JD-4.5-8H-2-2 ROW
DATE 5/26/92 TIME 2:00
COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL $ BAS CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RE 53.0 PCT AH 78.4 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HOH. 11.1 G/KG ( 77.4 GR/LB)

1
600.0
32.40 (1144.0)
205 ( 1.94)
+00 {  .0}
+00 ( .00)
324.5 ( 11459.)

§3.1/ 42/ 43.10
8.0/ 42/ 8.01
30.3/ 13/ 27.56

13/09
89.6/ 11/ .8830
8.4/ L1/ .0502
1.9/ 43/ 77.40

6/2/62

15.06
35.63
26.55
8361
16.82

6.642
10.030
4963.90
47.975
1.571 (| 3.46)
7,02 ( 9.41)

+706) ( .71) (CONT)

PART. G/KW HR (G/EP BR) 325 (| .242) (_ .24)
BSFC RG/KW HR (LB/EP HR) © .224 | .368)
WORK KW ER (BP RR) 7.02 { 9.41)
BSCO2 G/KW ER (G/HP BR) 707. 528.)

G-

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS
90 MH PILTER WP. GAINS (HG) 3.645 = .205
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 2.277

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL = 2D
ECR 1.80

EH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.1 C (59.2 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.006
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .974

P90-145 P90-146


2. TECHNICAL APPROACH

2.1 Selection of Nonroad Engines for Testing

EPA selected two nonroad 80 hp diesel engines. One is a production 1991 model
year nonroad engine and the other is a similar engine modified to meet the proposed CARB
standards for nonroad engines. EPA’s technical advisor for this work assignment had final
approval of the engines to be tested. SwRI arranged with the manufacturer to take delivery
of the approved engines.

Table 1 summarizes test engine specifications that were selected by EPA for this
study. The 1991 model year John Deere 4039D nonroad diesel engine used in this program
was a naturally aspirated, in-line, 4-cylinder configuration with 3.9 L displacement. Rated
speed for the engine was 2,200 rpm. The engine had a rated power output of 72 bhp, as
well as a peak torque and peak torque speed of 200 ft-lb and 1300 rpm, respectively. The
fuel injection timing for the engine was 15°BTDC. Note that the fuel injection timing data
was supplied by John Deere and was not confirmed by SwRI.

The second of the two engines used in this test program was a John Deere 4045D
nonroad diesel. This 4.5L engine was based on the production 3.9L unit, and included
modifications made by Deere in an attempt to satisfy proposed CARB nonroad standards.
The engine was also a naturally-aspirated, in-line, 4-cylinder, with a power output of 73
bhp at 2200 rpm. The peak torque and peak torque speeds for the 4.5L engine were 212 ft-
lbs and 1300 rpm, respectively, and the fuel injection timing was 8°BTDC. Again, the fuel
injection timing data was supplied by John Deere and was not confirmed by SwRI.

22 Transient Tests

Two EPA on-highway transient test sequences per engine were conducted. A test
sequence consisted of one cold-start transient test plus two consecutive hot-start transient
tests (sequence = 1 cold + 2 hot). SwRI collected all gaseous emissions (HC, CO, and NOx)
on a “segment by segment" basis for the 4-bag test. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were
collected using a single filter set for each transient test. The first hot-start transient test
was used in determining composite results, but not the second one. Transient emissions
tests were performed following procedures given 40 CFR 86, Subpart N for heavy-duty
diesel emissions measurement. All emissions instrumentation was maintained, calibrated,
and operated as specified in 40 CFR.

Continuous particulate matter measurement using a tapered element oscillating
microbalance (TEOM) was used to compute a “4-bag" particulate breakdown. Because
TEOM data does not equate exactly to particulate matter collected on a single filter set, the
"bag" or "modal" TEOM data was used to proportion the transient test PM emission among
the individual "bags” or "modes" of transient operation.

The John Deere 4039D and 4045D engines were installed and tested in Department

of Emissions Research Test Cell 4, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Test Cell 4 is equipped
and calibrated to perform EPA transient cycle emissions testing. The test fuel used for

2


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 748.5 MM HG (29.47 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 23.9 C (75.0)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
5.8.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-1 RON 2
DATE 5/7/92 TIME 1:24
COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 F RH 38.0 PCT AH 52.0 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 9.2 G/KG { 64.2 GR/LB)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUHBER 1
‘TIME SECONDS 600.1
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH) 32.74 (1155.9)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCMM (SCPH) +05 ( 1.62)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCKH (SCFH) 00 (  .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCPN) 00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCP) 327.9 ( 11577.)

EC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
©O SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SIMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPM (i!)

17.2/ 42/ 17.18
2.9/ 42/ 2.90
56.4/ 13/ 53.38
3f Bf 26
59.6/  3/1.0364
2.2) 3/0345
4.2/ 43/174.03

‘NOX BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH -4/ 3/ 1.08
DILUTION FACTOR 12.84
BC CONCENTRATION PPH 14.50
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 51.43
(02 CONCENTRATION PCT 1.0046
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 173.07
HC HASS GRANS 2.731
CO MASS GRAS 19.631
002 HASS GRAHS 6025.38
NOX MASS GRAMS 205.544
FUEL XG (LB) 1.906 (4.20)
KW BR (P §R) 9.25 ( 12.40)
TOTAL RESULTS

BSC G/RW HR (G/HP HR)
BSCO  G/RW BR (G/BP HR)
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/EP HR)
PART. G/KW ER (G/HP BR}
BSFC KG/KW BR (LB/HP BR)
WORK KW BR (HP GR)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR)

1295 (6220) ( .22) (CORT)
2.123 ( 1.583) ( 1.58)
11.414 ( 8.512) ( 8.51) (CONT)

1455 (339) (34)

.206 (339)

9.25 { 12.40)

652. ( 486.)

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT 30. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 20
ECR 1.30

EN-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 12.4 C (54.4 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .973
DRY-TO-WET C.F. 979

90-67 P90-68

90 MM FILTER WI. GAINS (HG) 5.800 .073
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 4.204

D-II


APPENDKX E
TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4045D NONROAD ENGINE


ENGINE EHISSION RESULTS

HOT-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-4.5-TH4 RUN DIESEL 2) EH-1392-P
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4045D DATE 5/25/92 TIME BCR 1,80
ENGINE § 4.5 L(275. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 739.9 HM HG (29.13 IN HG) CELL: 77.0 F RH 60.0 PCT AH 85.4 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.3 C (57.8 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.2 € (81.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.5 G/RG ( 73.6 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.P. .996
DRY-TO-WET C.P. .979

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 4
DESCRIPTION KP IANP uP HYP
‘TIME SECOXDS 295.3 300.0 305.0 305.9
‘TOR. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH) 32.51 (1148.0) 32.50 (1147.7) 32.81 (1148.0) 32.51 (1147.9)
TOT. 9OHM RATE SCHM (SCFH) 04 (1.49) 204 (1.49) 04 ( 1.49) 04 ( 1,49)
OT. 20420 RATE SCM (SCFR) CO 0) 200 (0) .00( 0) 00 ( .0)
JOT. ADK, SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCPH) .00 ( .00) 00 ( .00) .00 ( .00) .00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF) 160.2 { 5657.) 162.7 ( 5746.) 165.5 ( 5843.) 166.0 ( 5860.)
HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH QQA/ 42/ 22.41 29.9/ 42/ 29.89 42.3/ 42/ 41.31 25.2/ 42/ 25.26
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 7.9/ 42/ 7.91 7.9/ 4a/ 7.91 7.9/ 42/ 7.92071 aap TLL
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH 11.9/ 13/ 10.55 14.9/ 13/ 13.27 25.2) 13/ 22.76 10.8/ 13/ 9.56
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 20/13/00 YB 09 20/13/00 13/13/.26
C02 SAKPLE HETER/RANGE/PCP 55.5/ 12/ .2201 6643/ 12/ .2726 ~—-70.0/ 11/ .6085 52.5/ 12/ .2061
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 13.9/ 12/ .0475 —-13.1/ 12/ .0446 = 8.5/ 11/ 0509 13,3/ 12/ 0454
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W) 19/43/1810 LLY 43/ 22.51 -2.5/ 43/ 52.75 .9/ 43/ 18.10
NOK BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH Lay af 32 9) Yd fo 23h 8) Ya
DILUTION PACTOR 59.99 48.40 21.79 63.93
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 44.63 22.44 33.76 18.26
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 10.30 12.86 22.06 9.09
(02 CONCENTRATION PCT WM +2289 +5600 1615
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 17.79 22.27 52.45 17.89
HC HASS GRAMS 1.347 2.070 3.210 1.741
CO HASS GRAKS 1.922 2.436 4.249 1.756
C02 KASS GRAMS 508.16 681.28 1695.31 490.29
NOX HASS GRAMS 5.429 6.906 16.538 5.657
FUEL KG (LB) 1162 (36) 1217 (48) +538 (1.19) 1157 (_.35)
RW ER (HP ER) 48 (64) +68( 91) 2.07 (2.78) 48 (65)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/RW HR (G/HP HR) 2.253 ( 1.680) ( 1.68) (CONT) 90 HH PILTER NUMBERS P90-119 90-120
BSCO G/KW ER (G/HP ER) 2.790 ( 2.081) ( 2.08) 90 MH FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 3.554 266
BSHOX G/KW ER (G/EP BR) 9.298 ( 6.934) ( 6.93) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 2.956
PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR) —-.796 ( .593) ( .59)
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/EP BR) © .289 (_.475)
WORK «WER (HP HR) 3.7L (4.98)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/EP HR) 909. ( 678.)

E-6


Healy
outy
OIESELS

100;

Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions
(NOx & PM) «

% of Total Emssions inventory |

Causes of Excessive

Diese! Smoke Emissions

Mal-Maintenance
| Injector Wear/Failure

Injection Timing
| Clogged Air Filter
Turborcharger/Aftercooler

Internal Engine Wear

Tampering
Smoke Puff Limiter

Maximum Fuel Setting
Fuel injectors

Injection Timing



1, INTRODUCTION

As directed by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, EPA is studying the
contribution of nonroad sources to the emissions inventory in non-attainment areas.
Preliminary studies indicate that, at a minimum, NO, emissions from nonroad diesel
engines may warrant controls. EPA is exploring the viability of adopting existing steady-
state emission test procedures as an interim step toward controls for nonroad diesel
engines.

This work assignment focused on performing on-road transient and 8-mode steady-
state tests on two different 1991 model year 80 hp nonroad diesel engines. Results from
this work will be used by EPA to aid in determining what levels of interim emission
standards are feasible using a test procedure based on the ISO 8178 8-mode steady-state
test cycle.


Key Program Elements

Begins Summer 1991 \
Snap-idle Smoke Test (Diesel Vehicles Only)
Electronic Smoke Measurement (Smoke Meter) ;
Emission Contro! System Tampering Check (Gas & Diesel) ,
Computerized Prior-Violation Check

inspections conducted at Weigh Stations/Fleet/Roadside
locations : ‘

California and Out-of-State Trucks i
Appeai Process !

Snap-idle Test
Merits
Easy to Perform
Safe & Quick
Facilitates Meter Usage
Performed Anywhere
Very Effective
CTA & EMA Approved

A-4


I-2

mg/Cubic Meter

25

20

15

10

FIGURE C3. JD-3.9-TH9R TEOM DATA

we

J
wih

i Wad

Seconds

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100011001200



TABLE 8. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE 8-MODE STEADY-STATE #2
EMISSION RESULTS

ISO 8—Mode Test Points ---—John Deere 3 9L Off—Highway—
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load % Factor (pm ft-Ib BHP
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 75 18% 2,200 134 sé
3 Rated 50 18% 2,200 89 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 210 52
6 Int 75 10% 1,300 158 39
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 105 26
8 Idle 0 15% 850 te) 0
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Pan
Mode Hp lb/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr
1 74 25.2 16.38 VW17 77 633 16 25 22
2 57 209 2593 39 67 380.03 1143
3 36 149 2900 52 45 19711 699
4 7 69 66.55 9877 53.31 860
5 52 197 951 851 67 394 99 12173
6 38 139 2018 2077 282 99 1441
7 26 98 21 02 22.66 155 63 904
8 Ly) 14 1318 13.69 23.11 196
Mode g/lb Fuel
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Io/Ib g/l gilb gfltp gio
1 74 NA 065 467 25.13 100
2 ST NA 124 189 1815 oss
3 36 NA 194 352 13 22 047
4 7 NA 965 1431 773 125
5 52 NA 048 43 20 20.04 617
6 38 NA 146 150 20.42 104
7 26 NA 214 230 15 82 092
8 Qo NA 915 951 1605 136
Mode g/hp~hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/hp—hrg/hp—hr_—g/hp—hr_—g/hp—hr_g/hp—hr.
1 74 0339 022 158 8.51 034
2 S7 0368 046 070 667 020
3 36 0410 080 144 541 019
4 7 0923 891 1322 714 115
S 52 0383 018 1651 765 236
6 38 0 362 053 054 739 038
7 26 0377 0.81 087 597 035
8 te) NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC KC co NOx Part
Ib/np—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr !
8-Mode '
Weighted 0384 O65 354 730 0921

4


TABLE 3. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.91) NONROAD ENGINE TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #1

EMISSIONS RESULTS
=
Cycle
HC co NO, Part. Work
(gfhp-hr) | (g/hp-hr) | (g/hp-hr)_ | (g/hp-hr) {hp-hr)
Cold Start: Test Code JD-3.9-TC3
Bag #1 2.3 10.3 10.0 N/A 0.71
Bag #2 25 5.6 8.7 N/A 0.94
Bag #3 1.0 2.0 7.0 N/A 2.73
Bag #4 2.0 6.3 9.0 N/A 0.67
Total 16 44 8.0 0.77 5.05
Hot Start #1: Test Code JD-3.9-TH2
Bag #1 1.6 5.0 9.3 N/A 0.65
Bag #2 2.2 3.6 8.4 N/A 0.93
Bag #3 1.0 1.6 7.2 N/A 2.72
Bag #4 2.0 3.9 8.9 N/A 0.66
Total 1.4 27 79 0.51 4.96
Hot Start #2: Test Code JD-3.9-TH3
Bag #1 1.6 44 8.7 N/A 0.66
Bag #2 1.9 45 8.2 N/A 0.94
Bag #3 1.0 18 7.0 N/A 2.73
Bag #4 1.8 42 9.0 N/A 0.65
Total 13 2.8 77 0.51 4.98
Sequence Composite Results
Composite 18 3.0 ao | (88 497

Notes. Test Date = 05-01-92
Sequence Composite = 1/7 (Cold) + 6/7 (Hot 1)



Table

10

11

12

13

14
15
16
17

18

LIST OF TABLES

Page
Test Engine Specifications .......... 00... ccc cece 3
Diesel Fuel Analysis and CFR Specifications ...........-... 00s eae 6
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine Transient Sequence #1
Emissions Results 0... 0.0... ccc sec e eee eee ect e eee e eee 9
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine Transient Sequence #2
Emissions Results ........ 0... cece cece cece ee enna 10
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine Transient Sequence #3
Emissions Results ........ 0.0... ccc cece cee eee eee eee 11
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine Transient Sequence #4
Emissions Results ......... 0... 00. c cece eee ete eee teens 12
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine 8-Mode Steady-State #1
Emissions Results ... 2... 0.0... c cece cee eee eee eee 13
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine 8-Mode Steady-State #2
Emissions Results ....... 6... cc cece cece ee tenet tenets 14
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine Smoke Test Results ....... 15
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine Transient Sequence #1
Emissions Results .......... 00.0 e cece cece eee ee eens 16
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine Transient Sequence #2
Emissions Results ....... 6.6... ccc cece cece enee 17
Jobn Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine 8-Mode Steady-State #1
Emissions Results ........ 0... cece cece cece eee e ene 18
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine 8-Mode Steady-State #2
Emissions Results ........ 00... e eee eee cece eee eee 19
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine Smoke Test Results ....... 20
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Nonroad Engine Results Summary ......... 22
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Nonroad Engine Results Summary ......... 23
John Deere 4039D (3.9L) Transient/8-Mode Comparison ............ 24
John Deere 4045D (4.5L) Transient/8-Mode Comparison ............ 25


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 745.7 HH HG (29.36 IN BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP, 25.6 C (78.0)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
S.S.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-4 RON
DATE 5/ 6/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 PCT AH 62.8 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.1 G/KG ( 77.4 GR/LB)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1
TIME SECONDS 1200.1
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH) 32.62 (1151.9)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFH) +04 ( 1.55)
TOT. 20%20 RATE SCHH (SCPH) 00 ( 0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCPH) 00 (  .00)

TOTAL FLOW STD. CO. HETRES(SCF)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO. SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT

653.4 ( 23071.)

58.8/ 42/ 58.85
5.8/ 42/ 5.81
44.5/ 13/ 41.34

5/13/44
74.8/ 12/ 3166
15.1/ 12/ .0519

NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W) +2/ 43/ 14.57
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH Ll lf 29
DILUTION FACTOR 41.04
HC CONCENTRATION PPM 53.18
CO CONCENTRATION PH 40.09
(02 CONCENTRATION PCT +2660
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 14.28
FC MASS GRAHS 19.963
CO MASS GRAHS 30.496
C02 HASS GRAMS 3179.22
NOX HASS GRAHS 17,958
FUEL KG (LB) 1.034 (2.28)
KW BR (HP ER) 1.78 (| 2.39)
TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP ER)
BSCO G/KW HR (G/EP HR)
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/EP ER)
PART. G/XW BR (C/HP ER)
BSFC RG/KW HR (LB/HP &R)
WORK KW -HR (HP R)

BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/EP ER)

p-4

11.201 ( 8.353) ( 8.35) (CONT)
17,141 (12.760) (12.76)
10.076 ( 7.514) ( 7.51) (CONT)
1,372 ( 1.023) ( 1.02)

+580 (  .954)

1.78 ( 2.39)

1784. ( 1330.)

90 HM PILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT NO, 08-4855-250

DIESEL 2D
ECR 1.20

EH-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.2 C (59.4 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.006
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .983

90-57 —P90-58

90 MH PILTER WI. GAINS (HG) 2.733 563
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 2.446


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE KODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE § 3.9 1(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.2 HH HG (29.14 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 27.2 C (81.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
TIME SECONDS
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. SOMM RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOTAL PLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

EC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
C02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
WOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCERTRATION PPM
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
O02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAKS
CO HASS GRAMS
C02 HASS GRANS
NOX MASS GRAKS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/EP HR)

BSCO  G/KW HR (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
HOT~TRANS

TEST JD-3.9-TH8 RON

DATE 5/12/92 TIME 11:23
COMPUTER PROGRAH HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 34.0 PCT AB 49.6 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.4 G/RG ( 79.7 GR/LB)

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
CR 1.80

£M-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.6 C (60.0 P)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.012

DRY-TO-WET C.F. .986
1 2 3 4

NYNP LANP LaF AYNF

296.0 300.0 305.0 305.9
32.43 (1145.1) 32.43 (1145.1) 32.27 (1139.5) 32.44 (1145.4)
+05 ( 1.92) +05 ( 1.92) +05 ( 1.92) 05 ( 1.92)

+00 ( — .0) 00 (  .0) 00( 0) +00 (  .0)

+00 ( .00) -00{ . +00 ( .00) 00 ( .00)
160.3 ( 5659.) 162.4 ( 5735.) 164.3 ( 5802.) 165.7 ( 5849.)

1.A/ 42/ 17.09

25.5/ 42/ 25.56

32.3/ 42/ 32.38

6.1/ 42/ 6.11 6.2/ 42/ 6.21 6.4/ 42/ 6.41
29.1/ 13/ 26.43 22.1/ 13/ 19.87 27.9) 13/ 25.29
8/ 13/ .70 6/13/52 33/13/26

3B.1/ 1.2471
ALA 11/ .0675

4.302 ( 3.208) ( 3.21)
9.812 ( 7.317) ( 7.32) (CONT)

PART. G/RW HR (G/HP BR) © 779.581) (_ .58)
BSPC RG/KW BR (LB/EP BR) 285 ( .468)
WORK «RW ER (HP &R) 3.79 ( 5.08}
BSCO2 G/RW HR (G/HP HR) 893. ( 666.)

B-lo

40.7/ 11/ .2963
10.9/ 11/ .0662

69.6/ 11/ .6036
10.5/ 11/ .0636

19.3/ 42/ 19.32
6.0/ 42/ 6.01
19.9/ 13/ 17.84

6/13/52
34.0/ 11/ .2377
10.4/ 11/ .0630

9f 43/ 18.43 1.2/ 43/ 24.14 2.7/ 43/ 57.82 «9/ 43/ 18.24
2/ 2/ 2d fof BL 33/2 BL Af Qf a2
53.31 44.55 21.99 55.51
11.10 19.50 26.26 13.42
25.33 19.04 24.48 17.06
+1808 2316 +5428 «1759
18.23 23.84 57.52 17.83
1.022 1.819 2.479 1.278
4.727 3.600 4,683 3,289
530.14 688.13 1631.93 533.09
5.655 7,495 18.300 5.719
+170 (— .37) 1220 (48) «518 (1.14) 170 (38)
+52 ( .70) TL (95) 2.04 (2.74) SSL ( .69)
1.742 ( 1.299) ( 1.30) (CONT) 90 MM FILTER NUMBERS P90-91  P90-92
90 MM FILTER WI. GAINS (MG) 4.718 = .224
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 2.952


-4-

engine certification level less than thirty-five (35) percent peak opacity
must meet a forty (40) percent test procedure standard, has been modified to
allow a one-year or longer phase-1n period for these pre-1991 model-year
vehicles with less than a fifty-five (55) percent test procedure opacity
result. The original proposal atso has been modified to provide for a
warning rather than issuance of a citation for these vehicles with smoke
levels between forty (40) and fifty-five (55) percent. The modifications
are based on the engine manufacturers’ concerns about the need for
exemptions for some engine families from the forty (40) percent opacity
standard because of dasign limitations, and about whether al] repair
facilities by the effective date of the regulations would be capable of
repairing heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet a forty (40) percent standard.

The phase-in of the forty (40) percent standard will allow time for
granting of exemptions and improvement of repair capability. When an
eligible vehicle's smoke emissions exceed forty (40) percent and are less
than fifty-five (55) percent, the owner will be advised of the forty (40)
percent standard phase-in period, but will not be required to pay a civil
penalty. All pre-1991 model-year heavy-duty diesal-powored vehicles will be
requirad to meet the fifty-five (55) percent standard except for vehicles
with aftermarket turbochargers exemptions pursuant to section 2182(f) and
vehicles with engine design limitations pursuant to section 2182(e). Ouring
the phase-in period, ARB staff will evaluate the heavy-duty diesel vehicle
repair industry's effectiveness in reducing smoke emission levels. Field
staff will record smoke levels before and after repairs of vehictes that
received warnings. This data and information provided by engine
manufacturers and developed at public workshops will be used by the
Executive Officer to determine if the phase-in period should be extended
beyond one year and also to determine if a test procedure standard other
than forty (40) or fifty-five (55) percent is technologically appropriate
for some engine families.

11. Section 2186(c)

The original proposal has been modified to conform with the format of
the other sections.

Some reference changes have been necessitated by the modifications of
the noticed proposal. Section 2182 has been relettered because the original
proposed peak opacity standards in subsections (a) and (b) have been
modified to deal specifically with 1991 model-year and 1992 and subsequent
model-year heavy-duty diesel vehicles and to provide for inherent engine
design limitation and approved aftermarket turbocharger exemptions. Section
2185 has been modified to provide for the phase-in period and portions of
the section have been relettered. Changes in other sections have been made
for cross-references to these modified sactions.

In addition, the staff has added to the rulemaking record the Society
of Automotive Engineers (SAE) procedure J1243, “Diesel Emission Production

A-38


TABLE 13. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) NONROAD ENGINE &-MODE STEADY-STATE #2
EMISSION RESULTS

|SO 8—-Mode Test Points ———John Deere 4 5L Off-Highway
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed Load % Factor _tpm ft-lb HP
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 78
2 Rated 75 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 15% 2,200 83 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 220 54
6 int 75 10% 1,300 165 41
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 110 27
8 Idle te) 15% 770 0 le)
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp lb/hr g/hr q/hr g/hr g/hr
1 76 24.8 26.62 115.43 403.39 27.58
2 56 20.8 39,85 60.18 287.85 13.66
3 38 15.8 42.78 72.76 21460 12.04
4 7 75 55.09 78.90 97.71 9.82
s 5S 18.3 24.53 34.61 392.67 28.05
6 4 139 25.84 17.68 292.29 7.18
7 27 100 27.71 28.08 187 39 693
8 to) 16 23.71 15.32 21.50 456
Mede g/lb Fuei
Fuet HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ibflb gilb g/ib g/ib gilb
1 76 NA 1,07 465 16.24 Vt
2 56 NA 192 2.90 13.87 066
3 38 NA 2.71 461 13.60 0.76
4 7 NA 738 10.56 13.08 131
5 55 NA 1a¢ 189 2t.4at 1.53
6 4 NA 1,86 128 21.09 0.52
7 27 NA 278 2.82 18.82 070
8 i) NA 1491 9.64 13.52 2.87
Mode g/hp—hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp ib/np—hr_og/hp—hr_ so g/hp—hr_—g/hp—hr_—_ag/hp—hr
1 76 0.327 0.35 1.82 5.31 036
2 56 0.368 0.71 1.07 510 024
3 38 0415 113 1,92 5.65 032
4 7 1047 7.72 11.05 13.69 138
5 55 0.334 0.45 0&3 716 O51
6 4 0.335 0.63 0.43 7.07 O17
7 27 0363 1.01 1.02 6.83 025
8 i NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC HC co NOx Part
lbfnp—he g/hp—hr_g/hp—hr_ = g/hp—hr_-—g/hp—hr |
|8-Mode |
(Weighted 9373 086 144 611 03591

19


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) 1-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 747.3 WM HG (29.42 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 24.4 C (76.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NOHBER
TIME SECONDS
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE METER/RAHGE /PPH
BC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE /PCT
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RAHGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPM

HC HASS GRAMS
CO MASS GRAHS
C02 HASS GRAHS
NOX HASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (BP ER)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC § G/KW BR (G/EP HR)
BSCO  G/KW HR (G/HP BR)
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/BP BR)
PART. G/KW BR (G/EP HR)

+247 (
22.134 (16.505) (16.51)
10.265 { 7.655) ( 7.65) (CONT)
3.164 ( 2.359) ( 2.36)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

$.5.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-5
DATE 5/ 7/92

TIME 3:23

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

RON 2

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C

CELL 4

CELL: 70.0 F RH 68.0 PCT AH 76.1 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUM. 10.0 G/KG ( 69.7 GR/LB)

1
210.0
32.73 (1155.7)
+04 ( 1.52)
00 (0)
00 ( .00)
114.7 ( 4050.)

12.1) 42/ 12.08
3.9/ 42/ 3.90
84.0/ 11/386.95

2) 53
84.4/ 11/ 8037
8.7/ 11/ .0521
7.3) 43/106.73

Alf 3/26

15.91
8.42
372.04
«7549
106.49

555
49.681
1584.06
23.041

523 (1.15)

2.24 (3.01)

+184) (— .18) (CONT)

BSPC RG/KW HR (LB/EP BR} = .233 (_-.383)
WORK KW HR (HP BR) 2.24 (3.01)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/EP BR) 706. ( 526.)

BAG CART 1

DIESEL
BCR 1.30

2D

DRY-TO-WET C.F.

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS
90 MM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST

90-75
9.251
7.101

EM-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 13.7 C (56.6 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P.

+986
975

P90-76

071

D-IS


this test program, referred to as SwRI fuel code EM-1392-F, was a Phillips Petroleum
ASTM 2-D emissions grade fuel with the sulfur level doped to 0.25 percent to approximate
typical off-road fuel. Pertinent fuel properties of fuel EM-1392-F are given in Table 2.

2.3 8-Mode Steady State Test

SwRI performed two (2) 8-mode steady state emissions tests per engine. The
particular 8-mode test cycle used in this work was similar to the ISO 8178 8-mode cycle,
with the exception of mode sampling times. Following preliminary steady-state testing of
the 4039D (3.9L) engine in which several of the individual modes were previewed, it was
noted that the engine produced a wide range of 90 mm filter loadings. After conversations
with Mr. Tom Synder, explaining the engine’s behavior, a plan was approved which called
for establishing a 90 mm flowrate to optimize filter loading for Mode No. 1 (rated speed, full
load) using 10 minutes of sampling time. This flowrate was then used for the remaining
steady-state modes, with the options of extending the 10-minute sampling interval to 20
minutes in the event of light filter loadings, or abbreviating the interval in the case of
heavy filter loadings. This test procedure was then utilized for both of the engines.
Gaseous emissions (HC, CO, and NO,) and particulate matter were measured for each
mode singly, then a composite brake-specific emission rate was computed using assigned
weighting factors. All emissions measurements used dilute, full-flow, CVS sampling
techniques.

24 Federal Smoke Test

Two Federal smoke tests were performed on each engine. Smoke emissions were
measured by using a PHS end-of-stack smokemeter as specified in 40 CFR Subpart I -
“Emission Regulations for New Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test
Procedure.”

2.5 CARB "Snap-Idle" Smoke Test

In addition to the Federal Smoke tests, an additional "Snap-Idle" smoke test also
was performed on each of the engines. The "Snap-Idle" smoke test is part of CARB’s heavy-
duty vehicle smoke and tampering inspection program. This test is a roadside inspection
that uses electronic instruments to measure smoke in order to detect excessive smoke
emissions from both intrastate and interstate heavy-duty vehicles. Details of the test
procedure are included in Attachment A.

The roadside Snap-Idle test consists of rapid and repeated engine accelerations
(snaps), from curb-idle speed to maximum governor speed, on an unloaded, fully-warmed
engine. In the field, the transmission is unloaded and the drive wheels chocked for safety.
Three "clean-out” snaps are performed, then three more snaps are run for record. The test
monitors smoke opacity, and the average of the two peak readings with the least difference
in opacity values is used to determine compliance. In the event that all three readings have
euivalent differences between them, the result is the average of the three readings. CARB
smoke standards for 1991 limit this average peak opacity to 40 percent for 1991 and newer


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3,9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROHETER 748.3 MM HG (29.46 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 21.7 C (71.0)

BAG RESOLTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. 9OHH RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCMM (SCFM)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFM)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

EC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HEFER/RANGE/PC?
02 BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PCT
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BRGRD METER/RANGE /PPM

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

EC ASS GRAMS
CO HASS GRAHS
C02 MASS GRAKS
NOX HASS GRAHS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW ER (G/HP BR)

BSCO  G/KW ER (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/BP ER)

1.068 (

1.931 ( 1.440) ( 1.44)
7.258 ( 5.412) ( 5.41) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

S.S.
TEST JD-3.9-8H-3 RON 2
DATE 5/ 7/92 TIME 2:11

COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 70.0 F RH 68.0 PCT AH 76.0 GR/LB
9.7 G/KG ( 67.8 GR/LB)

ENGINE ABS. HUH.

1
1200.0
32.75 (1156.2)
04 ( 1.55)
00 (0)
+00 (00)
655.8 ( 23155.)

29.0/ 42/ 28.99
3.5/ 42/. 3.50
26.4/ 13/ 23.88
Bf.
73.3/ LI) .6504
9.9/ 11/ .0597
.6/ 43/ 53.86
5] U2

20.44
25.66
22.90
5936
53.37

9.666
17.482
7121.29
65.703
2.256 (4.97)
9.05 ( 12.14)

+796) {  .80) (CONT)

PARP. G/KW HR (G/EP HR) © .257 (192) (19)
BSFC XG/KW BR (LB/EP BR) © .249 ( .420)
WORK KW ER (HP RR) 9.05 ( 12.14)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 787. ( 587.)

90 MH FILTER NUMBERS
90 MH PILTER WE. GAINS (HG) 2.885
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIZSEL 2D
HCR 1.20

ENGINE DEW PT. 13.

NOX BUMIDITY C.F.
DRY-TO-WET C.P.

P90-71

2.331

EM-1392-P

3C (55.9 F)
+982
77

90-72

+226


ENGIKE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE §=4.5 L{275. CID) [-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 739.1 HM HG (29.10 IH BG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.3 C (83.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOP. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
‘TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHM (SCP)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES{SCF)

BC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
BC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
002 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT
002 BCKGRD HBTER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH

DILUTION PACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

BC MASS GRAS
CO MASS GRAHS
(02 HASS GRAMS
HOX HASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP HR)

BSC G/KW BR (G/EP HR)
BSHOK G/KW BR (G/HP HR)

1.354 ( 1.010) ( 1.01) (CONT)
1.372 ( 1.023) ( 1.02)
9.156 ( 6.827) ( 6.83) (CONT)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
5.8.

TEST JD-4.5-8H-7-2 ROW
DATE 5/26/92 TIME
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 78.0 F RH 57.0 PCT AH 83.8 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.4 G/KG ( 72.6 GR/LB)

1
1200.1
32.40 (1144.1)
04 ( 1.44)
+00 (  .0)
00 (00)
643.9 ( 22912.)

30.5/ 42/ 30.58
6.0/ 42/ 6.01
44.5! 13/ 12.90
yy a7
56.0/ 11/ .4470
B.1f L1/ .0483
.6/ 43/ 51.16
5] af 52

29.69
24.78
12.39
4003
50.66

9.237
9.361
4751.41
62.470
1.507 (| 3.32)
6.82 ( 9.15)

PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR) «338 ( .252) (25)
BSPC KG/KW HR (LB/EP ER) 221 ( .363)
WORK KW BR (HP BR) 6.82 ( 9.15)
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP SR) 696. ( 519.)

90 MH FILTER NUMBERS
90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 2.640 260
PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST

PROJECT NO. 08-4855~150

DIESEL 2D
BCR 1.30

EH-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.1 C (57.4 F)
NOX HUHIDITY C.F. .994
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .977

P90-155 90-156

2.309

G-I1


TABLE 17. JOHN DEERE 4039D TRANSIENT/8—~MODE COMPARISON

TEST TEST MAPPED EMISSIONS (G/HP -HR) BSFC
DATE NO HP BSHC BSCO | BSNOx PM = {LB/HP-HR
TRANSIENT TESTS
5/12/92 | JD-3.9-CH8 75 1.32 3.35 7.36| 0.616 0.471
5/13/92 | JO-3.9-CH11 75 1.38 3.39 7.51} 0.617 0.464
TRANSIENT AVERAGE 75 1,35 3.37 7.44} 0.617 0.468
8—MODE TESTS
5/6/92 8-MODE #1 0.62 3.47 7.17| 0.584 0.376
5/7/92 8—MODE #2 0.65 3.54 7.30} 0.592 0.384
8—MODE AVERAGE 0.64 3.51 7.24; 0.588 0.380,
PERCENT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 53 4 -3 -5 ~19

TRANSIENT & 8-MODE AVERAGES

24


John Deere 4.5L Off Highway ISO 8178 8—Mode Test (#1) Data
08-4855-150 Test Date= 5-26-92

C:\123R3\DATA\JD45SS1
1SO 8-Mode Test Points -——John Deere 4.5L Off—Highway—-
Weighting Speed Torque
Mode Speed _Load% Factor tpm ft-lb BHP
1 Rated 100 15% 2,200 178 75
2 Rated 75 15% 2,200 134 56
3 Rated 50 15% 2,200 89 37
4 Rated 10 10% 2,200 18 7
5 Int 100 10% 1,300 220 54
6 Int 75 10% 1,300 165 41
7 Int 50 10% 1,300 110 27
8 Idle 0 15% 770 0 i?)
Mode g/hr Results
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr g/hr
7 26.2 31.16 136.74 388.51 29.31
2 56 20.6 42.43 65.81 288.17 14.89
3 38 16.2 45.84 84.18 207.70 14.57
4 8 7.5 62.22 88.14 95.91 10.91
5 54 18.5 24.22 40.17 399.33 32.09
6 41 13.8 24.41 19.67 283.48 6.67
7 27 10.0 27.42 27.40 184.53 6.91
8 te) 15 21.55 13,56 18.64 4.90
Mode g/lb Fuel
Fuel HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp Ib/lb gilb gilb g/lb g/ib
1 75 NA 1.19 5.23 14.85 1.12
2 56 NA 2.06 3.19 13.96 0.72
3 38 NA 2.84 5.21 12.85 0.90
4 8 NA 8.30 11.75 12.79 1.46
5 54 NA 1.31 2.17 21.57 1.73
6 41 NA 1.77 1.43 20.54 0.48
7 27 NA 2.75 2.75 18.53 0.69
8 ie) NA 14.37 9.04 12.43 3.26
Mode g/hp—hr
BSFC HC co NOx Part
Mode Hp tb/hp—hr —g/hp—hr_—sg/hp—hr_ so g/hp—hr_ —_g/hp—hr
75 0.349 0.42 1.82 5.18 0.39
2 56 0.372 0.76 1.18 5.19 0.27
3 38 0.424 1.20 2.21 5.44 0.38
4 8 0.966 8.01 11.35 12.34 1.40
5 54 0,343 0.45 0.74 7.37 0.59
6 41 0.338 0.60 0.48 6.95 0.16
7 27 0.366 1.01 1.00 6.77 0.25
8 0 NA NA NA NA NA
BSFC HC co NOx Part

\b/fnp—hr g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr = =g/hp—hr = g/hp—hr
8—Mode
Weighted 0.382 0.91 1.63 6.05 0.397



Resolution 30-64 -a-

A tast procedure for detection of excessive smoke
emisstons from heavy-duty diesel motor vehicles and air
emtssion control system inspection for dissel- and
gasoline-powered heavy-duty vehicles can contribute te a
significant reduction in air pollution in thts state;

Smoke emissions of forty percent (40%) or higher from
heavy-duty diesel vehicles certified at a level of
thirty-five (35) percent peak opacity or less and

operating on the highways within the State of California
are excessive;

Smoke emissions of fifty-five percent (55%) or higher
from other heavy-duty diese] vehicle operating on the
highways within the State of California are excessive;

It is necessary to require heavy-duty diese! engines
manufacturers to submit engine identification and smoke
cartification data for engines certified to tevels above
thirty-five (352) percent peak opacity;

It ts further necessary for the effective enforcement of
the proposed programs to require that refusal by a driver
or owner to submit to the test or inspection procedures
constitutes a violation of the tast or inspection
procedure;

The reduced penalty schedule should encourage correction
of violations in an expeditious manner;

A phase-in of the penalty schedule for those found to be
in violation of the regulations but who make every
effort ta expeditiously repair their vehicte during the
initial year of the program's operatton permits an
equitable period of adjustmeat to the program's
requirements and achievement of air quality benefits;
and

It is necessary and appropriate to adopt the proposed
regulations in order to fulfill the mandates of Health
and Safety Code Section 44011.6.

WHEREAS, The Board further finds that adoption of the regulations set forth
in Attachment A will not have a significant adverse environmantal impact and

may have a significant beneficial impact.

NOW, THEREFORE, SE IT RESOLVED that the Board hereby approves Sections 2180

through 2187, Title 13, California Code of Reguiations, as set forth in
Attachment A hereto.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to adept
Sections 2180 through 2197, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, as set

forth in Attachment A, after making them available to the public for a
pertod of 15 days. provided that the Executive Officer shall consider such

A-6F


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE HODEL 9) JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 748.3 HM HG (29.46 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 23.3 C (74.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCFH)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHH (SCPH)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHH (SCH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCPH)
TOTAL FLOW STD, CU. ETRES(SCP)

GC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
AC BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PPM
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
002 BCKGRD KETER/RANGE/PCP
NOK SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W}
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGB/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAHS
CO HASS GRAKS
C02 HASS GRAKS
HOE HASS GRAMS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

ENGINE EHISSION RESULTS
$.S.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-2 RON 2
DATE 5/7/92 TIME 1:46
COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 73,0 F RH 46.0 PCT AH 57.0 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. BUH. 9.5 G/KG { 66.3 GR/LB)

1
600.0
32.77 (1157.2)
+04 ( 1.56)
200 ( .0)
-00 ( .00)
328.2 { 11588.)

26.2/ 42/ 26.19
3.5/ 42/ 3.50
20,3/ 13/ 18.21

413/35
89.7/ 11/ .8846
8.8/ 11/ .0527
2.5/ 43/103.92

3/ 4.78

15.07
22.92
17.31
8353
103.19

4.321
6.612
5014.79
63.338
1,583 (3.49)
7.08 ( 9.49)

BSHC  G/KW ER (G/HP ER)
BSCO  G/KW ER (6/EP ER)
BSHOX G/RW ER (G/HP ER)
PART. G/KW ER (G/EP ER)
BSFC XG/KW HR (LB/EP BR)
WORK «KW ER (HP R)
BSCO2 G/RW BR (G/HP ER)

D-Q

611 ( .455) (46) (CONT)
934 (697) ( .70)

8.950 ( 6.674) ( 6.67) (CONT)
269 ( .201) ( .20)

224 (368)

7.08 ( 9.49)

709. ( 528.)

90 MM PILTER NUMBERS

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
ACR 1.30

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 12.9 C (55.3 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .978
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .979

P90-69 — P90-70

90 MM PILTER WT. GAIHS (HG)
PARTICULATE GRAMS /TEST

244
1,905

145,


11.7 Operate the engine m accordance with esther the |3 mode
emussom crete (Secon 12) and/or the manufaciurers short cycie
emnmons scnedule (Sectron 12).

12, Gareeus Emumnens Test Cycles

12Z1 The gaseous emsnons Test Cycle shail consis: of 1-13 steady

sate moaes of ent run at vanous revolutions per minute

percents of full lord torque
ana ul a
12.2 The 13 Mode cycie shall be run to the following schedule:

Mate Namber | Lagu ieved = 50 om Porcom Loos = 7%
' kde Seved © Rouieal Lead Ont
2 eermececte Soeed 20
3 iaarmasion Sneed 280
‘ ermesiers Speed 0
s ‘woarmenese Seced 739
6 ineurmadiate Seed 1000
? ‘cio Seved 0 Comteat Losd Onivt
a lated Sneed 100.9
a teed Sood 759
10 teres Soved 29
u aed Sees me

2 Reset Soved 20
n ide Seees 0 Cheeta! Load Ont

123 The N-Mede, Short Cycle tex shail const of those modes (se
lected from the 13-Mode schedule) that enables an estrmation of 13-
Mode test vaives in accordance with the hmuts specified in Section 17.

12.4 Time of Test

12.4.1 The sabizaven ame shall be 2-10 mm. The gaseous emss-
som shail be sampied for 3 30-1 penod.

124.2 Made |, Mode 7, and Mode @ (if preceded by Mode 7) shall
have a mmimum durapen of 5 min.

13. Gaseous Emismons Mearerng £, end Instrumente.
tHea—The following equrpment and instrumentation is required to
conduct the gaseous emnsion test:

18.1 An engine dynamometer with adequate charscterstcs to per-
form che tests required by the test method.

18.2 An an intake synem of proper diameter and suntable length
for the engine bemg tered. with provmons for adjusting restriction to
enable compiance with para 55.

18.9 An exhaust system of the proper diemeter and turtable length
for the engme berng tesed. The system must be adequate to impose a
back-pressure within the hmrts specified under paragraph 5.4.

13.4 An mstrament for the contrnvous measurement of the hydro-
arbon concentravon in diesel exhaust.

1341 The (3) should meet those speerficauons pres
ented m SAE J215 (Ref. 3). -

134.2 Alternate instruments mav be used if corretation 1 available
me those mstruments aiready recognized as meetng the proper specr
ficauons.

18.5 Instrementis) for the contimyous messurement of carbon
monoatde (CO) and oxxies of nrogen (NO, ) in dhesei exhaust.

13.5.1 The mstrumentis) should meet those specifications prey
ented im SAE J177 APR 82 (Ref. 2).

18.5.2 Alternate instruments may be used if correianion 1s available
Fah those instruments already recognteed a3 Meeting the Proper spec
ficauons.

13.6 HC, CO, and NO ermmor vaiues are to be monttored dunng
each mode of an emuon test, using ether 8 simp chart recorder oF
other data collecnon/ processing equipment that 1 calibrated to pro
ve coumaiere rerulus.

oll are minmmum performance for a st
chan sail) requirements tad
aay Minnmum speed range of 13-508 mm/minate (0 $-20 in/
mrmate).
13.6.2 Mazimum fullecale respome time of 0.5 1.
18.8.8 Accuracy of + 0.25%.

temperature

texts required mm thes part thould be of
sufficient accuracy to ensure that the emrnmon tex results are
ta feed br these component (SAE J1S09 defines erumen er
racy.) (Ref. 7.)

14, Casoun Emismon Meararng Syrtem Calibration

141 Check each day for leaks in the sample tine connections.

142 A rero and span cheek of the HC, CO.and NO ansivrers
spose be done a2 often as necessary to ensure that drift ns fess than.
21%.

A-6O

iss

14.3 Check the sampi> gav flow rate during each mode to ensure
proper flow

14.4 Monthiv check of anaiszers as outiined in SAE J (Ref a
and J215 (Ref 3), to ensure tnat the equipment 1s meeting «pe
uns.

14.5 Monthly check of all equipment related to Section 13 to en-
sure that the emssions text 1s not adverseny affected by these compo
nents,

15, Gesewus Emisnon Date Ansivens

15.1 Locate or record the last $0 s of each mode and determine
the average reading for HC. CO. and NO.

15.2 Determine the concentration of HC. CO. and NO, dunng
each mode from the average reading and corresponding calibration
data.

13.3 Determine the exhaust gas maseflow rate for each mode ac-
cording to the SAE J244 (Ref. 4)

15.4 Convert the measured CO and NO, concentrations to a set
basm according to Secon 4 and paragraph 54 of SAE Ji77a (Ref 2)

15.5 Multrph the wet NO, values bv the fnilnwine humidity cor-
fection factor:

1
1+ ACH = 75) + B(T = 85)
where: A = 0.044 (F/A) — 00038
B= 0.116 (F/A) + 0.0088
H = Humudity (grains of water per pound of dev air)
Tet ture of arin *F (temperature range of 68-115°F)
F/A @ FuebArr Raw (dry sir bass)
15.6 Calculate the mass emnsions and brake specific emrtions ac-
cording to Section 4 of SAE J1003 (Ref. 6)
16, Selection of N-Mede Shert Cycle
16.2 The N-Mode Short Cicle shavid be mode(s) selected from {S-
Mode test data for mmrmum error of prediction of 13-Mode Circle re-
sults. Analysss of 13-Mode test data will produce several N-Mode com-
binavons with sremiae standard dewatron of error of prediction values.
therefore. the lowen standard deviation critena should be suppice~
mented with test experrence and yud| to enable the final combina
uon to be the best predictor of 13-\tade remuits in accordance with ~
tion 17. Each engme model in a manufacturers line should
evaluated individually. As the emmuon characterntics van sith engine
model, it may be found that the best N-Mode crcie for one model mav
not be the best predictor for another.
16.2 Definitions of N-Mode Short Cycie

16.2.1 The Preduted 13-Mode Crete Resuit ts defined as the \-Mode
Cycle Result multrotied bv an average saline factor -

‘3.2.2 The Error of Predicnon 1s defined as the 1$-Mode Cicie Result
munas the Predicted 13-Mode Crete Result.

16.2.8 The Best N-Mode Short Crete 1s defined ae the combination of
modes with the smallest standard devation of the error of prediction
that when multiphed by an average scaling factor procuces the most a¢-
curate Predicted 13-Mode Result.

16S Analysis of 1$-Mode Date

16.3.1 This analvin of 15-Mode data ss recommended as a means to.
which combmation of N-Modes m the 13-Mode Cycle con-
tains the least vartavion, and therefore. offers the best baus from which
to predict. The modal data should be reduced to a form such that a
number or a pair of numbers represents the contribution of that mode
to the 1$-Mode ermanons sum. A singte number shouid be used rf HC
+ NO, 1s to be treated 23 2 sum and two numbers if treated separateiy
In the case of separate analvsss. 1 1s understood that calculations are to
be run m parallel, This number will be referred to as Mode X Emunons,

where X the mode under comideranon

16.3.2 [ts recommended that analvsrs be done on at leawt fifteen
(15) 1S-Mode tests an the same engine model. and should proceed as
follows:

16.3.2.1 For each test. divide the 1$-Mode Brake Specific emis
sions by the Mode X eminons. The resultant 1 defined as the scaling
factor. Calculate the Average Sealeng Factor for each mode for each

consrruent.

16.$.2.2 Mutuply each Mode X emnuons by the average scaling
factor. The resuham es the Predwted Mode X Emunons.

16.$.2.3 For each 1$-Made test, wbtract the predicted Mode
emamons from the 13-Mode emrmons requit. The resultant 1s defin.
as the Erver of Predicnon.

16.3.2.4 Caleuiate the standard devranon of the error of predic.
tron for all 13 modes for each emruon conmuuent (CO, HC, NO. HC
+ NO.) The mode with the smaitest standard deviawon for ail constt-
uents ts defined a2 the best singie mode predictor


TABLE 2. DIESEL FUEL ANALYSIS AND CFR SPECIFICATIONS

FUEL TYPE 1-D_ 2D_ xX SUPPLIER __ PHILLIPS _
LOT NO. _R-382 SwRI CODE __EM-1392-F
CFR Specification?
Supplier SwAl
Item ASTM Type 1-D Type 2-D Analysis Analyses

Cetane Number 0613 48-54 42-50 45.0 43.8
Distillation Range:

IBP°F Deé 330-390 340-400 382 383

10% Point, °F D86é 370-430 400-460 456 451

50% Point, °F D86 410-480 470-540 521 516

90% Point, °F D86 460-520 550-610 591 592

EP, °F Ds6 500-560 580-660 630 628
Gravity, API D287 40-44 33-37 35.0 350 |
Total Suttur, % D129 or D2622 0.05-0.20 0.20-0.50 .090 0.25
Hydrocarbon Composition:

Aromatics, % D1319 ap 27d 417 423

Paraffins, Naphthenes, D1319 ¢ ¢ 58.3 57.7

Oletins

Flashpoint, °F (min.) D93 120 130 166 168
Viscosity, Centistokes D445 1.6-2.0 2.0-3.2 3.30 2.84
Diesel fuel specification as in CFR 86.113-90(b)(2) for light-duty diesel vehicles and CFR 86.1313-
90(b)(2) for heavy-duty diesel engines.

Minimum
CRemainder

Suppher Analyses SwRI Analyses
Date: _10/21/91 by: _M. Gillespie

Date: _ 12/6/91 _



Resolution 90-64 -2-

WHEREAS, Section 44011.6 of the Health and Safety Code authorizes the Boara
to cite owners of motor vehicles who violate regulations adopted pursuant to
that Section;

WHEREAS, owners of motor vehicles who are cited may be liable for a civil
penalty of not more than fifteen hundred dollars ($1500) per day for each
day that the vehicle 1s in violation or a lesser amount for expeditious
correction of violations;

WHEREAS, Section 44011.6 of the Health and Safety Code further requires an
additional three hundred dollar ($300) penalty to ba deposited in the Otesei
Emissions Reduction Fund for each citation that is issued with the exception
of school buses cited for the first time;

WHEREAS, the staff has proposed the addition of Sections 2180 through 2187
to Title 13, California Code of Reguiations to implement the excessive smoke
emisstons test procedure and emission contro! systems inspections of heavy-
duty commercial motor vehicles;

WHEREAS, the regulations proposed by the staff set forth the
responsibilities of the driver and inspector, the heavy-duty diesel vehicle
smoke opacity test procedure, the opacity standards for the smoke opacity
test, emission control system inspection procedures for heavy-duty diesel
and gasoline-powered vehicles, refusal to submit to the test procedure
inspection constitutes a violation of the regulations, procedures for
clearing citations through demonstration of correction or. post-repair test
inspections, and procedures for the release of vehicles removed from
service;

WHEREAS, the California Environmental Quality Act and Board requiations
require that no project which may have significant adverse environmental
impacts be adopted as originally proposed {f feasible alternative or
mitigation measures are available to reduce or eliminate such impacts;

WHEREAS, a public hearing and other administrative proceedings have been
held in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 3.5 (commencing with
Section 11340), Part 1, Division 3, Title 2 of the Government Code;

WHEREAS, the Board finds that:

Excessive smoke emissions from heavy-duty diesel powered
motor vehicles contribute significantly to the serious
air pollution problem in this state;

Particulates from excessive heavy-duty diesel powered
motor vehicles are a significant source of air
contaminants;

Attainment of the State ambient air quality standards
cannot be accomplished by the earliest practicavle date
without reduction of excessive heavy-duty diesel
vehicles smoke emissions;

Effective in-use inspection and maintenance programs
presently do not exist in the State for heavy-duty
diesel-powered vehicles;

A-66


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

HOT-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150
ENGINE NUHBER TEST JD-3.9-TH2 RON DIESEL 2D EH-1392-F
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/1/92 TIME 10:35 HR 1.80
ENGINE 3.9 L239. CID) I-4 COMPOTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 742.4 MH HG (29.23 IN BG) CELL: 76.0 F RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.5 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 16.2 C (61.1 F)
ENGINE AIR TEP. 26.7 C (80.0) ENGINE ABS. HUM. 11.8 G/KG ( 82.7 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.020
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .979

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 ‘
DESCRIPTION ir LAP up AYHP
‘TIAE SECONDS 295.5 300.0 305.0 305.9
OT. BLOWER RATE SCH (SCH) 32.57 (1149.9) 32.03 (1130.9) 32.60 (1151.2) 32.61 (1251.5)
JOT. SOM RATE SCHM (SCFH) 06 ( 1,96) 106 ( 1.96) 06 ( 1.96) .06 ( 1.96)
TOP. 20420 RATE SCHM (SCFH) 00 (  .0) 200 ( .0) .00(.0) 200 (0)
OT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH (SCFH) .00 (00) .00 (00) 00 {00} 200 (00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. KETRES(SCP) 160.7 ( 5673.) 160.4 ( 5665.) 166.0 ( 5862.) 166.5 ( 5881.)
HC SAMPLE HETER/RAHCE/PPH 19.9/ 42/ 19.95 28.5/ 42/ 28.54 -34.0/ 42/ 34.08 19.9/ 42/ 19.93
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 8.5/ 42/ 8.51 6.6/ 42/ 6.61 60/42 6.01 —5,9/ 42/ 5.91
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 2.1/ 13/ 18.02 20.5/ 13/ 18.39 26.1/ 13/ 23.60 © 15.2/ 13/ 13.54
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH Ya 09 WY) 09 .0/ 13/ .00 .0/ 13/00
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 32.9/ Lf .2285 —40.8/ 11/ .2972 —-65.8/ 11/ 5574 33.6/ 11/2344
C02 BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT 10.6/ 11/ .0642 —10.2/ 11/ .0617 -10.0/ 11/ .0608 —10.2/ 11/ .0617
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (i!) 1.0/ 43/ 19.59 1.2/ 43/ 25.19 -2.9/ 43/ 60.49 19/ 43/ 18.49
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH oY 2d 2 Yan 12) 2f 2h yoy 3
DILUTION FACTOR 57.69 44.39 23.80 56.38
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 11.59 22.09 28.32 M13
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 17.52 17.85 22.90 13.22
(02 CONCENTRATION PC? 1654 +2369 £4996 11738
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 19.39 24.99 60.29 18.18
HC HASS GRAMS 1.070 2,035 2.701 1.352
© MASS GRAKS 3.276 3.334 4,426 2.563
C02 MASS GRAMS 486.09 695.29 1517.22 529.50
NOX HASS GRAHS 6.077 7.822 19.530 5.909
FUEL KG (LB) 1155 (34) 222 (49) .482 (1.06) 1169 (37)
KW ER (HP BR) 48 (.65) 169 (93) 2.03 (2.72) 9 (66)
TOTAL RESOLTS
BSEC G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 1.936 ( 1.443) ( 1.48) (CONT) 90 XH FILTER NUMBERS PO017 — P90-18
BSCO G/RW ER (G/HP ER) 3.677 ( 2.742) ( 2.74) 90 HM PILTER WE. GAINS (HG) 4.100  .210
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 10.636 ( 7.931) ( 7.93) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAMS/TES? 2.530

PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 684. (510) (51)
BSPC XG/KW HR (LB/HP HR) © .278 { .457)
WORK «KW ER (EP mR) 3.70 (4.96)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 873. ( 651.)

B-2


8/-

mg/Cubic Meter

25

20

15

10

FIGURE C2. JD-3.9-TH8 TEOM DATA

|

Lh

i

Me

nt

! WJ Lae

0
0)

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200

Seconds



GASOLINE SMOKE
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION

Black or Gray Smoke

Black or Gray Smoke consrsts of a lage numcer of
carbon carbcies that 1s formed when me fuel ¢ Nested
if axygerean regons in the combusson chamoer
Tha i an indicanon that pant of the fue in ine
compusson chamner has nat Deen wgruted and/or an
Incieznon of incomptete bustung.

POSSIBLE CAUSES

) clogged of damaged ar intaice fiter

a choke urdoacer of controls maituncson

a Carburetor and/or choke maituncson

4) tual imection sysrem/etectome-conmot/ECU

5 faulty syecton nozies:

a faulty gration timsg.

n sgration system matfuncton

8) cooling system maxtunctian, enguie t00 cold
3) intake marstoid exnaus: passage plugged

10) low cylinder compression

1) turbocharger conots mattuncton and/or
Sogged ar filter

1Q errcsmon system matfunction

m high exhaust Back pressure

check turbo Granger contots anc /or ai filter
check emesmon sysiem
pertorm compremsscan tect

i
i

GASGUINE SNGINE EXHAUST SMOKE
Witte Sexe conssts ct a lange number of paricies of

COCKATI/WaeF ertering ine combusnon cnamper and
beang vaponzed.

POSSIBLE CAUSES

y head gascet euang
a cylinder head or biock cracxea

” ‘chece comoreszon
a Gresaure test enennn ere

A-34

Blue Smoke

Blue Smoke conest cf reconcensea crociets ot
unoumed/inesmoietety umes engine ot wnicn
causes Olus agmt to Oe scattered. This is an incicazon
ot qxoesaive juoncascn cil being oumned.

POSSIBLE CAUSES

u level too high of wrong viscosity

wom prston nga, valve qwces of Cynder
leahang amaxe mancfold gaskets

PCV Systern cogged

poor cylinder compresnan
turbocharger seais eaiang

|uaomaic TEensmsn0n vacuum maculatcy
Cefective

asge2eu

POSSIBLE REMEDY

correct od lever/change ou

perform comarssmon test, recax engine
check /clean PCV system

check /repaur turbocharger

Check /repiace sutomabe Tans/mspon vacuum
‘modutator

B9FtS3us

EXTERNAL ENGINE. SLUE/GRAY SMOKE:
OO leaiang onto ne exhaust manroid or exnaust

TySEM wil produce & ight Biuesgray sMoxe ana vnil
have gn odor of burning od.

POSSISUS CAUSES

engone seate or gasxers eatang
Power steenng seas or noses tsaxng
‘Varairesmon sama, Gaakets oF cOCter ines eainng
PCV system cogged

POSSIBLE FEVEDY

2¢9n8

1) Cheew aif hyerewic systems
checx/etean PCV system

EXTERNAL ENGINE WHITE SMOKE
POSSIBLE CAUSES
1) engine overneating (bailing)
a

cootant legiang on Rot engine er ona sxnaust
syeam

POSSIELE REMEDY

1) chee cooung system


A-40


TABLE 5. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #3
EMISSIONS RESULTS

[ Cycle
HC co NO, Part. Work
(g/hp-hr) | (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr)_|_(g/hp-hr) (hp-hr)
Cold Start: Test Code JD-3.9-TC6
Bag #1 2.0 10.3 9.2 1.44 0.71
Bag #2 22 45 8.4 1.14 0.94
Bag #3 0.9 1.9 6.8 0.49 2.74
Bag #4 1.6 6.4 8.1 1.08 0.71 |
Total 14 4.2 7.6 0.83 5.10
Hot Start #1: Test Code JD-3.9-TH8
Bag #1 15 6.8 8.1 0.95 0.70
Bag #2 19 3.8 79 0.71 0.95
Bag #3 09 17 67 0.39 2.74
Bag #4 19 48 8.3 0.78 0.69
Total 1.3 3.2 73 0.58 5.08
Hot Start #2: Test Code JD-3.9-TH9
Bag #1 16 36 a3 0.58 0.67
Bag #2 2.0 40 8.0 0.57 0.95
Bag #3 0.9 1.9 6.8 0.39 2.74
Bag #4 1.9 3.0 8.3 0.55 0.68
Total 14 27 74 0.47 5.04 |
Sequence Composite Results
Composite. | 4.8 a4 | 74 062° | 5.08

Nows: — Test Date = 05-12-92

—

Sequence Composite = 1/7 (Cold) + 6/7 (Hot 1)

11


mg/Cubic Meter

20

15

10

GURE F4. TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #1 TEOM

/\ fy

Schack aves

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Seconds

—— JD-4.5-TC2 —— JD-4.5-TH1 ~~ JD-4.5-TH2



Resolution 90-64 -4-

written comments as may be submitted during this period, shall make
modifications as may be appropriate in light of the comments received, and
shall present the regulation to the Board for further consideration if he
determines that this 1s warranted.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board hereby determines that the regulations
approved herein will not cause the California emission standards, in the
aggregate, to be less protective of public health and welfare than
applicable federal standards, will not causa the California requirements to
be inconsistent with Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act, and raise no new
issues affecting previous waiver determinations of the Administrator of the

Environmental Protection Agency pursuant te Section 209(b) of the Clean Air
Act.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Executive Officer shall, if necessary,
forward the adopted regulations to the Environmental Protection Agency with
a request for confirmation that the proposed regulations are within the
scope of an existing waiver of preemption pursuant to Section 209(b) of the
Clean Air Act, as appropriate.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Executive Officer shall, at the end of the
initial year of the program's operation, provide a report to the Board on
the status of the program's enforcement effectiveness.

T hereby certify that the above
is a true and correct copy of

Resolution 90-64, as adopted by
the Air Rescurces Board.

Judifh M. ae: Boa

a

A-68


TABLE 10. JOHN DEERE 4045D (4.5L) NONROAD ENGINE TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #1
EMISSIONS RESULTS

HC

co

(g/hp-hr)_ | (g/hp-hr)

Cold Start: Test Code JD-4.5-TC2

Notes. Test Date = 05-21-92

Sequence Composite = 1/7 (Cold) + 6/7 (Het 1)

Bag #1 22 54 103 147 0.65
Bag #2 24 35 8.3 1.05 0.92
Bag #3 12 15 83 0.43 2.76
Bag #4 26 22 8.9 0.73 0.86
Total 17 26 75 072 4.99
Hot Start #1: Test Code JD-4.5-TH1
Bag #1 23 28 8.6 081 0.64
Bag #2 24 26 77 0.69 0.91 7
Bag #3 12 14 6.0 0.38 277
Bag #4 27 25 88 071 0.63
Total 17 2.0 7A 0.52 4.99
Hot Start #2: Test Code JD-4.5-TH2
Bag #1 23 28 8.6 081 0.64 |
Bag #2 24 26 77 0.69 0.91 a
Bag #3 12 14 6.0 0.38 277
Bag #4 27 25 88 071 0.63
| Total 17 2.0 7.0 0.53 495 |
Sequence Composite Resuits |
[ composte | 17 21 72 | 08s 4.99

16



California Air Resources Board

Heavy-Duty Vehicle
Smoke and Tampering
Inspection Program

Program Background

HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE THSPECTION PROGRAM BACKGROUND

In 1988, the California Legislature enacted Senate 3i11 (SB)
1997 authored by Senator Robert Presley of Riverside. This
bill was dasignad ta enhance California's Smog Check Program
an¢ to provide for the adoption of a Heavy-Duty Vehicle
Smoke and Tampering Inspection Program (*HOWIP"} far
gasoline and diesel fueled interstate and intrastate
vehicles operating in California. The bill requires the Air
Resources Soard (ARB) ta design and jointly administer tnis
program in conjunction with the California Highway Patrol
(CHP). Inspections will be conducted at CHP inspection and

weigh statians, at candom roadside locations, and fleets
statewide.

$B 1997 also provided for the creation of an Ad Hoc Advisory
Committee, comprised of representatives from the ARB, CHP,
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), heavy-
duty vehicle engine manufacturers ([represantad by the Engine
Manufacturer's Association (EMA)), and heavy-duty vehicle
aperators/carriars (raprasantad by the California Trucking
Assaciation (CTA)). This Ad Hoc Advisory Committee 1s
mandated to work caoperatively with the ARB and CHP to
devalop inspection and enfarcament procedures for this
program. The Ad Hoc Advisory Committee has bean maeting on
an on-going basis since early 1989.

$8 1997 authorizes the ARB to issue citations to vehicles
failing the prescribed tast procedures and requires cited
vehicles to immadiataly correct deficrancias saecified in
the citation. If the required corrective action +s not
taken, violators are subject to the assessment of civil
penmattias up to $1500 per day for each day the vehicle is ta
violation. An additttomal $300 civil panalty will be
assessed with each citation issued pursuant to the
provisions of Assambly Bill (AB) L107 of 1989. These
addittonal civil penalties will be depasttad ints the
“Olesel Emission Reduction Fund*® which will support diesel
fuel research undertaken by the California Energy Commission
(CEC). If a cited vehicle owner fails to take corrective
action or pay the civil penalties levied, the CHP may remove

A-14


[rw Page Blank (

A-64


I.

Il.
Il.
IV.

V.

Contents

Informational Fact Sheet
Key Highlights

Background Information

Health & Safety Code,
Section 44011.6

Smoke Diagnostic Information



ENGINE NOMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4045D
ENGINE = 4.5 (275. CID) [-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.9 HM HG (29.17 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 21.1 C (70.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUHBER
TIE SECONDS
‘TOT. BLOWER RATE SCH (SCPH)
TOT. OHM RATE SCHK (SCPH)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHH {SCFH)
‘TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCP)

HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH
002 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCKGRD METER/RANGB/PCT
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (W)
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE /PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPM

HC HASS GRAHS
CO MASS GRAMS
002 HASS GRAMS
NOX HASS GRAHS
FUEL XG (LB)
Rw ER (HP HR)

‘TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW BR (G/HP BR) -557 (

BSCO  G/KW BR (G/HP ER)
BSHOX G/KW GR (G/HP ER)

WORK KW ER (HP ER)

2.443 ( 1.822) ( 1.82)

6.942 ( 5.177) ( 5.18) (CONT)
PART. G/KW GR (G/HP ER) +524 (
BSFC KG/RW HR (LB/HP HR) =. 212 (
9.33 ( 12.51)
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP ER) 670. (

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
SS.

TEST JD-4.5-8H) RON
DATE 5/26/92 TIME 9:02
COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 76.0 P RH 59.0 PCT AH 81.7 GR/LB
ENGIWE ABS. HUH. 11.5 G/KG ( 80.5 GR/LB)

1
600.1
32.42 (1144.9)
204 (1.54)
200 ( .0)
+00 ( .00)
324.7 ( 11466.)

34.7/ 42/ 34.74
7.5/ 42 7.51
65.6/ 13/ 63.05
3/1/26
62.6/ 3/1.0950
3.0/ 3/ .0471
2.5) 43/103.52
3f 3.78

12.13
27.85
60.30
1.0517
102.81

5,195
22.794
6247.20
64.763

1.980 (4.36)

9.33 ( 12.51)

415) (— .42) (CONT)

+391) (39)
1349)

499.)

90 MM FILTER NUMBERS
90 WM PILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 6.430 =. 149
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 4.886

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL =D
ECR 1.20

HM-1392-P

ENGINE DEW PT. 15.7 C {60.3 F)
NOX HUMIDITY C.P. 1.014
DRY-TO-WET C.F. 971

P90-127 90-128


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 £(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 745.7 WM HG (29.36 IN HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.3 C (83.0)

BAG RESULTS
BAG NOHBER
TIME SECONDS
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCKM (SCFH)
TOT. SOHM RATE SCH (SCFM)
TOT. 20X20 RATE SCHH (SCFH)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCFH}
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES{ SCF)

HC SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
HC BCKGRD METER/RANGE /PPH
CO SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH
CO BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT
02 BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PCT
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (1)
NOX BCKGRD METER/RANGE/PPH

DILUTION FACTOR

HC CONCENTRATION PPH
CO CONCENTRATION PPH
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH

HC MASS GRAKS
CO MASS GRAS
02 HASS GRAKS
NOX MASS GRAKS
FUEL KG (LB)
KW ER (HP BR)

TOTAL RESULTS

BSHC G/KW HR (C/HP BR) +243 (
BSCO G/RW BR (G/HP BR) 23.281 (17.361) (17.36)
9.933 ( 7.407) ( 7.41) (CONT)
3.261 ( 2.432) ( 2.43)

BSNOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR)
PART. G/KW HR (G/HP BR)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
$.S.

TEST JD-3.9-8H-5 RON
DATE 5/ 6/92 TIHE
COHPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-¢
CELL 4 BAG CaRT 1

CELL: 78.0 F RB 43.0 PCT AH 62.8 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.1 G/KG ( 70.9 GR/LB)

1
210.0
32.62 (1151.9)
04 ( 1.30)
00 (  .0)
+00 ( .00)
114.3 ( 4036.)

16.9/ 42/ 16.96
9.2/ 42/ 9.21
86.2/ 11/406.08

Uy .26
84.47 LL] .8037
8.2/ 11/ .0490
TAL 43/103.67

WU 26

15.86
8.33
393.99
+7578
103.43

547
52.429
1584.76
22.369
+524 (1.16)
2.25 (3.02)

+181) (— .18) (CONT)

BSFC RG/KW BR (LB/HP BR) = 233. { .383),
WORK KW BR (HP BR} 2.25 (3.02)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 704. ( 525.)

90 MM PILTER NUMBERS
90 MM FILTER WT. GAINS (MG) 8.246 063
PARTICULATE GRAMS/TEST 7.344

PROJECT NO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
HCR 1.30

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 13,9 ¢ (57.0 F)
WOX HOMIDITY C.F. .989
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .978

P90-59 + P90-60.

D-5


TABLE 6. JOHN DEERE 4039D (3.9L) NONROAD ENGINE TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #4

EMISSIONS RESULTS
Cycle
HC co NO, Part. Work
(g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (hp-hr)
Cold Start: Test Code JD-3.9-TC7
Bag #1 2.2 W4 10.6 1.47 0.70
Bag #2 23 48 9.3 0.94 0.94
Bag #3 1.0 18 77 0.52 2.73
Bag #4 2.0 55 9.7 0.90 0.70
Total 15 4.2 8.7 0.78 5.08
Hot Start #1: Test Code JD-3.9-TH10
Bag #1 1.6 6.7 8.0 0.85 0.69
Bag #2 2.0 4.0 79 0.72 0.95
Bag #3 0.9 17 6.7 0.42 2.73
Bag #4 1.9 49 8.3 0.81 0.69
Total 1.4 3.3 7.3 0.59 5.06
Hot Start #2: Test Code JD-3.9-TH11
Bag #1 1.6 49 8.1 0.75 0.68
Bag #2 24 3.9 7.9 0.63 0.94
Bag #3 0.9 1.7 6.7 0.41 2.74
Bag #4 1.9 3.5 8.3 0.64 0.68
Total 1.4 2.8 7.3 0.53 5.04
Sequence Composite Results
Composite 1A 3.4 78 062 $.06
Notes: Test Date = 05-13-92
Sequence Composite = 1/7 (Cold) + 6/7 (Hot 1)

12


Oe

OWBARAWIA ON SBE

30
31
$2

owner or operator for any vehicle in violation of
reguiations adopted under this subdivision. These
regulations may require the operator of a vehicle to
submit to a test procedure adopted pursuant to
subdivision (a), may specify that refusal to so submit is a
violation of the regulations, and shall require that, when
a citation has been issued, the owner of a vehicle in
violation of the regulations shall immediately correct
every deficiency specified in the citation.

(c) The department may develop criteria for one or
more classes of smog check stations capable of
determining compliance with regulations adopted
pursuant to subdivision (b) and may authorize those
stations to issue certificates of compliance to vehicles in
compliance with the regulations. The department may
contract for the operation of smog check. stations for
heavy-duty vehicles pursuant to this subdivision, and only
heavy-duty vehicles may be inspected at these stations.

(d) In addition to the corrective action required by
subdivision (b), the owner of a motor vehicle in violation
of the regulations adopted pursuant to subdivision (b) is
subject to a civil penalty of not more than one thousand
five hundred dollars ($1,500) per day for each day that
the vehicle is in violation. The state board may adopt a
schedule of reduced civil penalties to be applied in cases
where violations are corrected in an expeditious manner.
The schedule of reduced civil penalties shall not,
however, apply where there have been repeated
incidents of emissions control system tampering. All civil
penalties imposed pursuant to this subdivision shall be
collected by the state board and deposited in the Vehicle
Inspection and Repair Fund Funds in the Vehicle
Inspection and Repair Fund shall, when appropriated by
the Legislature, be available to the state board and the
Department of the California Highway Patrol for the
conduct of intermittent roadside inspections of
heavy-duty vehicles pursuant to this section.

A-a%


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

S.S. PROJECT 10. 08-4855~150
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3.9-8H-2 RUN DIESEL 2) EH~1392-F
ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/ 6/92 TIME ACR 1.80
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 1

BAROMETER 746.3 MH HG (29.38 IN HG) CELL: 78.0 F RH 43.0 PCT AH 62.8 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.1 € (57.4 F)
ENGINE AIR TEHP. 26.7 C (80.0) ENGINE ABS. BUM. 10.3 G/KG ( 71.9 GR/LB) NOX HUMIDITY C.F. .992
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .978

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1
TIME SECONDS 600.1
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCHM (SCF) 32.60 (1151.0)
TOT. 90MM RATE SCHM (SCFH) +04 ( 1.57)
TOT. 20420 RATE SCHH (SCFM) 00 (  .0)
TOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCHM (SCH) 00 {  .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. METRES(SCF) 326.5 { 11528.)
BC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 29.4) 42) 29.40
HC BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 5,0/ 42/ 5.01
CO SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 15.8/ 13/ 14.08
CO BCRGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH Qf U3f AT
C02 SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PCT 47.4) 3) .8051
02 BCKGRD KETER/RANGE/PCT 2.4/3 .0377
NOX SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH (W) 2.3/ 43/ 96.49
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/PPH 2/3/52
DILUTION FACTOR 16.56
HC CONCENTRATION PPH 24.70
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 13.51
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT +7687
NOX CONCENTRATION PPH 96.00
HC MASS GRAMS 4.633
CO MASS GRAMS 5.135
C02 MASS GRAMS 4597.23
NOX MASS GRAMS 59.455
FUEL XG (LB) 1.452 (3.20)
KW ER (BP ER) 6.91 ( 9.27)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSEC G/KW ER (G/HP ER) 670 (500) ( .50) (CONT) 90 HM PILTER NUHBERS P90-53  P90-54
BSCO G/RW BR (G/HP BR) +743 (554) ( .55) 90 WA FILTER WT. GAINS (HG) 1.948 305
BSHOX G/KW BR (G/HP BR) 8.601 ( 6.414) ( 6.41) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAHS/TEST 1.650

PART. G/RW BR (G/BP HR) +239 (178) ( .18)
BSEC KG/KW AR (LB/HP BR) = .210 {-.345)
WORK kW BR (HP BR) 6.91 (9.27)
BSCO2 G/RW BR (G/HP ER) 665. ( 496.)

DR


ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS

HOT-TRANS PROJECT NO. 08-4855-15¢0
ENGINE NUMBER TEST JD-3.9-TH10 ROW DIESEL 2D EH-1392-F
ENGINE HODEL 91 JD-4039D DATE 5/13/92 TIME 11:40 BCR 1.80
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4 COMPUTER PROGRAM HDT 1.0-C
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL CELL 4 BAG CART 2

BAROMETER 740.7 HM HG (29.16 IN BG) CELL: 74.0 F RH 54.0 PCT AH 70.2 GR/LB ENGINE DEW PT. 14.7 C (58.4 F)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.9 C (84.0) ENGINE ABS. HUH. 10.7 G/KG ( 75.1 GR/LB} NOX HUHEDITY C.F. 1.000
DRY-TO-WET C.F. .982

BAG RESULTS
BAG NUMBER 1 2 3 ‘
DESCRIPTION WWF LNP LP AYER
TIME SECONDS 295.2 300.0 305.0 305.9
TOT. BLOWER RATE SCH (SCFH) 32.42 (1144.7) 32.46 (1145.5) 32.23 (1138.0) 32.48 (1245.4)
TOP. SOHN RATE SCHH (SCFH) 05 ( 1.92) 05 ( 1.92) 05 ( 1.92) 05 ( 1.92)
OT. 20120 RATE SCHM (SCFK) 00 {  .0) 00 (0) 00.0) 200 ( .0)
JOT. AUX. SAMPLE RATE SCH (SCFH) .00 { .00) .00 ( .00) 200 (.00) .00 ( .00)
TOTAL FLOW STD. CU. HETRES(SCF) 159.8 ( 5641.) 162.5 ( 5737.) 164.2 ( 5795.) 165.7 ( 5849.)
HC SAMPLE HETER/RANGE/PPH 17.5/ 42/ 17.53 26.0/ 42/ 26.05 32.4/ 42/ 32.47 -19,4/ 42/ 19.46
HC BCRGRD NETER/RANGE/PPH 5.6/ 42/ 5.61 5.7/ 42/ 5.71 549/427 5.91 5.6/ 42/ 5.61
CO. SAMPLE METER/RANGE /PPH 28.8/ 13/ 26.14 -23.6/ 13/ 21.27 28.2/ 13/ 25.58 20.5/ 13/ 18,39
CO BCRGRD METER/RANGE/PPH .8/13/.70 1 3/ .6L 6/3/52 Bf 6
C02 SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PCT 33.7/ 11) .2352 38.9/ 11/ .2801—-67.5/ 1/ .5778=—31.9/ AL/ .2202
002 BCKGRD MEFER/RANCE/PCT B.7/ WA) 0521 8.8/ 11) 0527 9.0/ 1/0580 9.0 11.0540
NOX SAMPLE METER/RANGE/PPH (¥) 19/43/1843 12/43/2432 2.8/ 43/ 58.27 .9/ 43/ 18.30
NOX BCKGRD HETER/RANGE/FPH 3/ Yl 2.10 fa ak 2) fa
DILUTION PACTOR 55.95 47.05 22.96 59.83
HC CONCENTRATION PPM 12.03 20.46 26.82 13.95
CO CONCENTRATION PPH 24.89 20.19 24.35 17.40
C02 CONCENTRATION PCT 1840 2285 5262 1671
NOX CONCENTRATION PPM 18.12 24.21 58.07 18.10
HC MASS GRAKS 1.104 1.910 2.529 1.328
CO MASS GRIMS 4.630 3.819 4.653 3.356
C02 KASS GRANS 537.86 679.22 1579.70 506.48
NOX KASS GRAS 5.539 7.524 18,231 5.735
FUEL XG (LB) 172 (38) 127 (48) -50L (1.11) 1162 (36)
KW BR (HP HR) SL (69) TL {—.95) 2.04 (2.73) SL { 69)
TOTAL RESULTS
BSHC G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 1.821 ( 1.358) ( 1.36) (CONT) 90 HM FILTER NUMBERS 90-99 90-100
BSCO G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 4.362 ( 3.252) ( 3.25) 90 MH FILTER WP. GAINS (MG) 4.770.220
BSHOX G/KW HR (G/HP HR) 9.814 ( 7.318) ( 7.32) (CONT) PARTICULATE GRAHS/TES? 2.981

PART. G/KW ER (G/EP BR) © .790 (589) (59)
BSFC KG/KW HR (LB/EP BR) .279 (.459)
WORK KW ER (EP ER) 3.77 (5.06)
BSCO2 G/KW HR (G/HP ER) 875. ( 653.)

B-I¢


ENGINE NUMBER

ENGINE MODEL 91 JD-4039D
ENGINE 3.9 L(239. CID) I-4
ENGINE CYCLE DIESEL

BAROMETER 740.7 HH HG (29.16 IH HG)
ENGINE AIR TEMP. 28.9 C (84.0)

BSHC —G/KW HR (G/HP ER)
BSCO —G/KW ER (G/EP HR)

1.852 ( 1.381) (1.38)
4,542 ( 3.387) (3.39)

ENGINE EMISSION RESULTS
COMPOSITE

TEST JD-3.9-THIO ROW

DATE 5/13/92 TIME 11:40
COMPUTER PROGRAM EDT 1.0-C
CELL 4 BAG CART 1

CELL: 74.0 F RH 54.0 PCT AH 70.2 GR/LB
ENGINE ABS, HUM. 10.7 G/KG ( 75.1 GR/LB}

COMPOSITE TEST RESULTS,COLD AND HOT CYCLES

BSHOX G/KW HR (G/BP BR) 10.072 ( 7.511) { 7.51)

PART. G/KW HR (G/HP HR)

B-l6

+827 (| 617) (— .62)

PROJECT HO. 08-4855-150

DIESEL 2D
BCR 1.20

EM-1392-F

ENGINE DEW PT. 14.7 C (58.4 P)
NOX HUMIDITY C.F. 1.000
DRY-TO-WET C.P.  .982

BSFC G/KW HR (G/BP ER) = .282 (464)
BSCO2 G/KW BR (G/HP ER)

886. ( 660.)


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

degrees before top-dead-center

California Air Resources Board

Code of Federal Regulations

carbon monoxide

carbon dioxide

constant volume sampler

Environmental Protection Agency
°F degrees Fahrenheit
HC hydrocarbons
hp horsepower
hr hour
in3 | cubic inches
L liter
NO, | oxides of nitrogen
SwRI | Southwest Research Institute



34

APPENDIN &

FIG, Bel — Smoke Tew Crcie

oe
Clow Tome
= PE =
|
= L'
coms 1 TTT re
1
l {
= -j---\4-- -----
\ | |
|
“3 pan h = -4--
I
hom ithe _—— ee Ss el L _—_- - F- Oerere
om 1 l r ws Jae | | !
bee 124° of haicciies = y | oe? =
\ 14 | !
| —— RECORD aon
APPENDIX C

1, Smahe Opecumeter installetion—End ef Line—The smoke opacr
teter imserilavan should be as follows:

11 The enenne exhaust system shall be of circular crow section
ad be free of elbows and bends in the terminal 610 mm (2 fi) The
nd of the exhaust prpe shall be cut off square and have a diameter in
ccordance with the engine being tested. a3 specified below:

Maxime tame {Bower te! | txhecer Pipe Sime
\eea han 75 (10H) Sh et?
7$-149 1101-208 onal
1300726 (201-3008 102 ae wet
725 G01 we ere 17a Sel

1.2 The oosermeter ootcal unt mav be mounted on 2 fixed or
vovable frame The normai unrestncted shape of the exhaust plume
wall nor be modified by the adapter, the meter, of any ventiation sve
"TM wed to remove the exhaust from the test site.

1S The optical un of the opacimeter shail be mounted radralir
>the exhaust oipe so that the measurement will be made at nght an-
ves to the axis of the exhaust plume

1.4 The opacimeter should be located at the termmation of the ex-
‘am stack with the light beam of the opzcimeter 127 + 25 mm (5 + !
1) from the stack termmation port.

5 The full flow of the exhaust stream shati be centered between
te source and detector apertures and on the axis of the light heam

APPENDIX D

1, Smabe Opertmerer instalianen—inline Type—The imnke opact-
.eter may be mstalied 21 follows:
11 The sensor mar be intatied mm any poution in the exhaust sv3-
om and should be located 45 23 m (1S = 10 ft} from the engine
12 Eahsus: gas temperatures and ambent temperatures should

A-62

13 Temperature of cooling water (if user) for wabiiration of the
efectromes should be as per manufacturer 5 recommendations

14 Opacimeter to be installed with a mimmum of ren 12) pipe die
ameters sirsight section upstream from the meter

15 Inlet pipe to opacimeter to be «ame inuide diameter as opace
meter for a minimum length of two (2) pipe diameters

1.6 Promde a source of clean drv izboratarn air at the opacimerer
whieh 1s free of dust and oil and ai the preeure nf flow rate scheduled
by the manufacturer of the opacmerer

1.7 The exhaust system must be capable af being adjusted to meet
the exhaust back pressure required for the wnote tee A butterfly
vaive or other means of increasing the exhaust «stem back prewure
may be piaced on the exhaust pipe but at iran inree 18) chamerers fram
the opacimerer

APPENDIX E£

4. Dead Exhoust Syrtems—I( dual echauy wweme are used for pro
duction tesung of Vee engines
11 Exhaust stack diameter shail be determinen a¢ in Anpendre C
with total engine power divided equallt between both echaue astems
1.2 Both exhaust ssstems should be equipped with wmote apaci-
meter measurng instruments

APPENDIX F

1. Colibranen Procedure—End of Line Smoke Opacimeter—The
smeke opacrmeter calibration should he checked sith the following
re
2.2 Clean the eprieal earfaces tre eemrise fnrergn material and fin.
Ret prints
12 Adyust the instrament enmirals uneter ennaitius nf an emnte rn
mrve 2 reenraer trace of zern
V3 Invert caitbrarer neutrai dente filter in che epacrmerer
ht path perpendirusar ie the aie nf the hem and adirent in ihe


Development Efforts

Pilot Programs - March ‘89 thru Fall ‘90

!
|
| * Data Collection for Program Development

i = en - Ongoing

|

| Familarize Trucking Industry with Inspection
: Program

* No Citations will be Issued Unti! Summer
! 1991

: Highlights of Pilot Programs
and Analysis of Test Data

* 912 Vehicles Tested
i+ Average Test Duration: 10-20 min.
'* Feasible to Conduct Roadside Test

‘© Snap-idle Test Preferable to
Standing or Rolling Acceleration Test

* 40%-55% Peak Opacity Proposed as
Standards for Snap-idle Test

* Electronic Smoke Measurement Preferred
over Visual

A-?


t-4

mg/Cubic Meter

FIGURE F2. JD-4.5-TH1 TEOM DATA

25

20

15

10

mel WN yA ol

0
0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Seconds


N

9-

mg/Cubic Meter

FIGURE C8. TRANSIENT SEQUENCE #4 TEOM

25

20

15

10;

>

LW

Nha) WAV VY WI"

\
\

0 7 ! T T T T T T t T
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10001100 1200

Seconds

—— JD-3.9-TC7 —— JD-3.9-TH10 —--— JD-3.9-TH11



APPENDIX B
TRANSIENT TEST RESULTS FOR JOHN DEERE 4039D NONROAD ENGINE


Snap-idle Test

Description

« Rapid Engine Accelerations
(To Maximum Governor Speed}

* Performed on Fully Warmed Engines

* Transmission Disengaged, Wheels Chocked
* 3 “Clean-Out” Snaps

* 3 Test Snaps

- Closest Peak Smoke Readings Averaged

First Year

Smoke Standards*
(Peak Opacity)

40 %

; (B) 1990 and Older Model-Year Engine Families
55 %

, += Exemptions May Be Warranted Per Manufacturer

_(A) 1991 and Newer Model-Year Engine Families

A-(O