40882 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy

10 CFR Parts 434 and 435

[Docket No. EE-RM–79–112–C]

RIN 1904–AA69

Energy Code for New Federal

Commercial and Multi-Family High

Rise Residential Buildings

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, DOE.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking

and public hearing and request for

public comment.

SUMMARY: The Department of Energy

today proposes a rule that would

establish building energy efficiency

standards for new Federal commercial

and multi-family high rise residential

buildings pursuant to the requirements

of the Energy Conservation and

Production Act. The proposed rule

would revise the current interim Federal

standards to conform generally with the

format of the current voluntary building

energy codes. The proposed rule would

incorporate changes from the interim

rule in the areas of lighting, mechanical

ventilation, motors, building envelopes,

and fenestration rating procedures, and

test procedures for heating and cooling

equipment.

DATES: Written comments on the

proposed rule (10 copies) must be

received by the Department by 4 p.m. on

or before November 4, 1996. A public

hearing will be held on September 4,

1996, beginning at 9 a.m. at the address

listed below. Requests to speak must be

received by the Department by 4 p.m. on

or before August 28, 1996. Ten copies of

the statement to be given at the public

hearing must be received by the

Department by 4 p.m. August 29, 1996.

ADDRESSES: Address written comments,

requests for copies of the technical

support documents and oral statements,

requests to speak at the hearing, and

requests for speaker lists to: Energy

Code for Federal Commercial Buildings,

Docket No. EE-RM–79–112–C, Buildings

Division, EE–431, Office of Codes and

Standards, U.S. Department of Energy,

Room 1J–018, 1000 Independence

Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585–

0121, (202) 586–7574. FAX comments

will not be accepted. The public hearing

will be held at the U.S. Department of

Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 1E–

245, 1000 Independence Avenue SW.,

Washington, DC 20585–0121. Copies of

the transcript of the public hearing and

public comments received may be read

at the DOE Freedom of Information

Reading Room, U.S. Department of

Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 1E–

190, 1000 Independence Avenue SW.,

Washington, DC 20585–0121, (202) 586–

6020, between the hours of 9 a.m. and

4 p.m., except Federal holidays.

For more information concerning

public participation see Section VIII,

Public Comment Procedures.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Ronald B. Majette, Buildings Division,

EE–432, Office of Codes and

Standards, U.S. Department of Energy,

Room 1J–018, 1000 Independence

Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585–

0121, Tel: 202–586–0517

Francine B. Pinto, Esq., Office of

General Counsel, GC–72, U.S.

Department of Energy, Room 6E–042,

1000 Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585–0103, Tel:

202–586–7432

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction

A. Authority

B. Background

II. Description of the Proposed Rule

A. General

B. Format and Structure of the Proposed

Rule

C. Comparison of the Proposed Rule with

the Interim Standard

D. Comparison of Codified Version of

Standard 90.1–1989 to the Proposed Rule

and Comparison Between Standard 90.1–

1989 Addenda and the Proposed Rule

E. Explanation of Differences between the

Proposed Rule and the Statutory

Baseline

III. Consultation

IV. Energy Impacts

V. Technological Feasibility and Economic

Justification

VI. Measures Concerning Radon and Other

Indoor Air Pollutants

VII. Findings and Certification

A. Federalism Review

B. Review Under Executive Order on

Promulgating Regulations 12988

C. Regulatory Planning and Review

D. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility

Act

E. Review Under the National

Environmental Policy Act

F. Environmental Protection Agency

Review

G. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Review

I. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal

Energy Administration Authorization

Act

VIII. Public Comment Procedures

A. Participation in Rulemaking

B. Written Comment Procedures

C. Public Hearing Procedures

I. Introduction

A. Authority

Section 305(a) of the Energy

Conservation and Production Act

(ECPA), as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6834(a),

requires DOE to establish by rule

Federal building energy standards for

new Federal buildings. In developing

this proposed rule, DOE is directed to

consult with other federal agencies as

well as private and state associations

and other appropriate persons.

The proposed rule must contain

energy saving and renewable energy

specifications that meet or exceed the

energy saving and renewable energy

specifications of the American Society

of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE)/

Illuminating Engineering Society of

North America (IES) Standard 90.1–

1989 (Standard 90.1–1989) for

commercial buildings and of the Model

Energy Code (MEC), 1992, for

residential buildings. MEC 1992

exempts multi-family high-rise

residential buildings (over three stories

in height above ground) which comply

with Standard 90.1–1989. As a result,

Standard 90.1–1989 is the applicable

standard under Section 305 of ECPA for

high-rise residential buildings.

Section 305(a) requires that the

standards contain energy efficiency

measures that are technologically

feasible and economically justified.

Since ECPA, as amended, establishes

that the new standards meet, at a

minimum, the requirements of Standard

90.1–1989, technological feasibility and

economic justification need not be

established for these minimum

requirements. DOE is interpreting this

minimum requirement to include those

addenda to Standard 90.1–1989 which

were in effect at the time the Energy

Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), which

amended ECPA, was enacted. Since

these addenda were part of Standard

90.1–1989 at the time EPACT was

enacted, they are part of the baseline

against which the proposed rule is

compared for purposes of assessing its

energy and economic impacts.

Section 305(a)(2)(B) requires that to

the extent practicable, the new federal

building energy standards use the same

format as the appropriate voluntary

building energy code. The proposed rule

would revise the current interim federal

standards to conform generally with the

format and language of the codified

version of Standard 90.1–1989. The

addenda to Standard 90.1–1989

included in the proposed rule are also

generally incorporated in their codified

form.

Section 305(a)(2)(c) further requires

that the proposed rule be established in

consultation with the Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) and other

Federal agencies and, where

appropriate, contain measures with
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40883

regard to radon and other indoor air

pollutants.

Section 305(c) states that the

standards proposed in today’s rule be

reviewed and, if appropriate, updated at

not less than five year intervals.

The standards proposed today are

required to become effective no later

than one year after the rule is issued.

(See section 305(a)(1)). Section 305(d)

continues in effect the interim energy

performance standards (otherwise

known as ‘‘interim rule’’ or ‘‘interim

standards’’) for new Federal buildings as

they existed before the date of the

enactment in 1992 of EPACT until the

standards established under subsection

(a) become effective.

Section 306 addresses Federal

compliance. Section 306(a) provides

that each Federal agency and the

Architect of the Capitol must adopt

procedures to assure that new Federal

buildings will meet or exceed the

Federal building energy standards

proposed here. Section 306(b) bars the

head of a Federal agency from

expending Federal funds for the

construction of a new Federal Building

unless the building meets or exceeds the

appropriate Federal building energy

standards established under section 305.

B. Background

On January 30, 1989, the Department

issued an interim rule (10 CFR part 435,

subpart A) establishing energy

conservation voluntary performance

standards for the design of new

commercial and multi-family high rise

residential buildings; these standards

are mandatory for Federal buildings.

The Department’s interim standards

and Standard 90.1–1989 were

developed in conjunction with one

another and contain similar energy

efficiency provisions. ASHRAE and IES

are professional engineering societies

which have undertaken the

responsibility of sponsoring a voluntary

industry consensus standard for the

design of energy efficient commercial

and multi-family high rise buildings.

The Department’s interim rule and

Standard 90.1–1989 followed a parallel

development track. ASHRAE/IES

provided technical expertise that

ensured the practicality of the interim

standards and Standard 90.1–1989. DOE

contributed technical expertise and

research results in the development of

these two standards.

Because Standard 90.1–1989 is

written as a standard of professional

practice, it cannot be directly adopted as

a building code. The Department in

1993 requested ASHRAE to assist DOE

in producing a version of Standard

90.1–1989 and its addenda in code

format. This joint effort was undertaken

to assist States in responding to Section

304(b) of ECPA and to assist DOE in

establishing Federal building energy

efficiency standards. The resulting code,

published by ASHRAE/IES in November

1993 is entitled ‘‘Energy Code for

Commercial and High-Rise Residential

Buildings.’’ This code has been

approved by the Council of American

Building Officials (CABO) as the basis

for its MEC and some of the regional

model codes.

Basing the proposed rule on the

codified version of Standard 90.1–1989

ensures that the provisions of today’s

proposed rule would be similar to those

being adopted by state and local

jurisdictions and widely used in the

private sector.

Moreover, ASHRAE/IES periodically

modifies their current edition of their

standard through an addenda process.

Standard 90.1–1989 is the current

edition of their standard. ASHRAE/IES

has adopted six addenda to Standard

90.1–1989 since it was published in

1989. They are: Addenda b, c, d, e, g,

and i. The proposed rule would include

these addenda. These addenda are

described below in II.D, Table 3. The

proposed rule would also include

provisions that are substantively the

same as those in Addendum f, which

has not been adopted by ASHRAE/IES.

DOE has chosen to publish the

proposed rule in its entirety so that it is

assembled in a unified form for easy

access. DOE did not choose to merely

publish changes from the codified

version of Standard 90.1–1989 because

of the integrated nature of the changes

(small and large) from that codified

version. The Department invites

comments on whether Standard 90.1–

1989, including appropriate addenda,

should be incorporated Standard 90.1

by reference instead of publishing the

rule in its entirety as DOE proposes

today. If DOE were to incorporate

Standard 90.1–1989 by reference, other

proposed changes would need to be

published as well.

II. Description of the Proposed Rule

A. General

The standards proposed today specify

a minimum level of energy efficiency for

new Federal commercial and high-rise

residential buildings. The proposed rule

would revise the current interim Federal

standards to conform generally with the

format and language of the codified

version of Standard 90.1–1989. They do

not address the design of residential

single family or multi-family low rise

buildings, currently addressed by

Subpart C of 10 Part 435. Such buildings

will be addressed in a separate

rulemaking.

The current interim standards for

Federal commercial and multi-family

high-rise residential buildings are found

in Subpart A of 10 CFR Part 435. For

clarity and ease of use, the Department

is proposing to remove Subparts A and

B of Part 435 and add a new Part 434,

to contain the building energy efficiency

standards for new Federal commercial

and multi-family high-rise residential

buildings.

Today’s proposal contains substantive

changes from the interim standard in

the areas of lighting, mechanical

ventilation, motors, building envelopes,

fenestration rating procedures, and

heating and cooling test procedures. It

includes those addenda which were in

effect at the time EPACT was enacted

(Addendum 90.1b revising service water

heating criteria and updating

miscellaneous references to other

standards, Addendum 90.1d addressing

lighting controls, and Addendum 90.1e

updating ventilation requirements).

The proposed rule also includes

several addenda adopted by ASHRAE

and IES after EPACT was enacted. These

include Addenda g, i, and c, addressing

building envelopes, heating and cooling

equipment test procedures, and motor

efficiency, respectively. DOE would also

include provisions concerning

procedures for calculating fenestration

ratings. As previously mentioned, these

provisions are substantively the same as

Addendum f, now pending

consideration by ASHRAE and IES.

The lighting standards in today’s

proposed rule would differ from both

the interim standards and Standard

90.1–1989. The updated lighting

provisions are more stringent than

Standard 90.1–1989 and reflect new

information concerning energy

requirements needed to achieve

adequate lighting levels.

The proposed rule would provide

minimum standards of energy efficiency

levels to be required in each new federal

commercial and high-rise residential

building. The individual specifications

for lighting, HVAC, envelope, and other

aspects of buildings found in subpart D

of the proposed rule determine the

minimum level of energy efficiency

required for a particular building. This

‘‘prescriptive path’’ provides a simple

means of ensuring design specifications

that meet the proposed code.

Flexibility is a key feature of the

proposed code. While some of the

specific design requirements of subpart

D apply in all cases, this proposed rule

provides for flexibility in many other

areas if building designers can show

that the overall building energy use or
40884 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

energy cost compares favorably to the

baseline energy use or energy cost based

on subpart D of the proposed rule.

Tradeoffs among systems and among

building shell components can be made

using the DOE version of the Lighting

Standard (LTGSTD) and Envelope

Standard software (ENVSTD),

respectively. Building-wide trade-offs

among energy efficiency features or the

inclusion of entirely new efficiency

features, including passive and active

renewable features, can be made as well.

Subpart E allows building-wide

flexibility as long as the net result

equals or reduces energy costs. Subpart

F allows these trades to be made if

predicted total building energy use is

below that expected using the

‘‘prescriptive path.’’ These alternative

paths are especially valuable as a means

for building designers to take full

advantage of the energy savings

potential of new technologies. The

computer software referenced above

will be included as part of the Technical

Support Document.

B. Format and Structure of the Proposed

Rule

ASHRAE and IES have published

Standard 90.1–1989 in a code format

that does not differ in any significant

technical or substantive respect from the

standard itself. DOE has based the

proposed rule on this codified version

of Standard 90.1–1989, published by

ASHRAE and IES in 1993, by adopting

verbatim significant portions of it.

Section II(E) of this notice discusses the

substantive differences between the

proposed rule and the statutory

baseline.

The codified version is expected to be

widely used by state and local code

making bodies as they update their

codes. The designers and builders of

Federal buildings, who also design and

construct State and private sector

buildings, will be familiar with the

requirements of the codified version,

their importance, and how to meet

them. Therefore, the consistency of the

proposed rule with industry-wide

practices would facilitate

implementation by federal agencies of

the final rule.

Copies of the ASHRAE Energy Code

and ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1–1989

may be purchased from ASHRAE, 1791

Tullie Circle, NE., Atlanta, GA 30329

(1–800–5–ASHRAE).

C. Comparison of the Proposed Rule

With the Interim Standard

The design and construction of new

commercial and multi-family high-rise

residential federal buildings is currently

governed by interim energy efficiency

standards issued in 1989. Table 1

provides a ‘‘cross-walk’’ from the

elements of the current interim federal

commercial and multi-family high-rise

residential building standard to the

proposed rule to facilitate a comparison

between the two standards. Column 1 of

the table lists all of the sections of the

interim standard and column 2 lists the

location of sections within the proposed

rule which include or refer to the same

topic.

TABLE 1.—SUBJECT CROSS-WALK BETWEEN THE CURRENT INTERIM FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTI-FAMILY HIGH

RISE STANDARD AND THE PROPOSED FEDERAL RULE

Interim standards Proposed rule

435.97 Purpose and 435.98 Scope ....................................................... 434.100 Administration and Enforcement.

435.99 General Definitions and Acronyms ............................................ 434.200 Definitions.

435.100 Explanation of numbering systems for standards ................... 434.99 Explanation of numbering systems for standards.

435.101 Implementation and compliance procedures for Federal

agencies.

434.100 Administration and Enforcement—

435.102 Principles of effective energy building design ......................... 434.102 Compliance.

Not included—Moved to Federal Users Manual, Performance standards for New Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Residential

Buildings. U.S. Department of Energy. March 1994.

435.103 Lighting ..................................................................................... 434.401.3 Lighting Systems and Equipment.

435.104 Auxiliary Systems and Equipment. .......................................... 434.401.3 Lighting Systems & Equipment.

434.400 Building Design Requirements ................................................. 434.403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

434.404 Building Service Systems and Equipment.

435.105 Building Envelope .................................................................... 434.402 Building Envelope Assembles & Materials.

434.300 Design Conditions ................................................................ 434.300 Design Conditions.

434.400 Building Design Requirements; 402 Building Envelope Assemblies & Materials.434.402 Building Envelope Assembles & Materials.

435.106 Electric Power and Distribution ................................................ 434.401 Electric Systems and Equipment.

435.107 Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems .... 434.403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

434.400 Building Design Requirements; 403 Building Mechanical

Systems and Equipment.

434.403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

435.108 Heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment ... 434.403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

435.109 Service water heating systems ................................................ 434.404 Building Service Systems & Equipment.

434.400 Building Design Requirements ................................................. 434.403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

435.110 Energy management ................................................................ 434.403 Building Service Systems and Equipment.

435.111 Building energy cost compliance alternative ........................... 434.102 Compliance.

434.500 Building energy cost compliance alternative.

435.112 Building energy compliance alternative ................................... 434.102 Compliance.

434.600 Building energy Compliance Alternative.

434.700 Reference Standard.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40885

D. Comparison of Codified Version of

Standard 90.1–1989 to the Proposed

Rule and Comparison Between

Standard 90.1–1989 Addenda and the

Proposed Rule

This section provides a ‘‘cross-walk’’

between the proposed rule and the

codified version of Standard 90.1–1989

as well as a ‘‘cross-walk’’ between the

proposed rule and Standard 90.1–1989

Addenda. The codified version

published November 1993, includes all

of the addenda adopted by ASHRAE to

date in their codified form. Addendum

f, dealing with fenestration, is pending

consideration by ASHRAE. As a result,

it is not included in the codified version

of Standard 90.1–1989.

Table 2.—SUBJECT CROSS WALK BETWEEN CODIFIED VERSION OF STANDARD 90.1–1989 AND THE PROPOSED FEDERAL

RULE

Codified 90.1–1989 Proposed rule

434.99 Explanation of Numbering System.

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT ..................... Subpart A—Administration and Enforcement—General

100 General

100.1 Title

100.2 Purpose ................................................................................. 434.100 Purpose.

101 Scope .............................................................................................. 434.101 Scope.

102 Compliance ..................................................................................... 434.102 Compliance.

103 Referenced Standards .................................................................... 434.103 Reference Standards.

104 Validity ............................................................................................. 434.104 Validity.

105 Materials .......................................................................................... 434.105 Materials and Equipment.

106 Plans and Specifications ................................................................. 434.106 Plans and Specifications.

107 Inspections ...................................................................................... 434.107 Inspections.

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................... Subpart B—Definitions

201 Definitions ........................................................................................ 434.201 Definitions.

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN CONDITIONS .................................................... Subpart C—Design Conditions

301 Design Criteria ................................................................................ 434.301 Design Criteria.

301.1 Exterior Design Conditions ................................................... 301.1 Exterior Design Conditions.

301.2 Indoor Design Conditions ..................................................... 301.2 Indoor Design Conditions.

CHAPTER 4 BUILDING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................ Subpart D—Building Design Requirements

ELECTRIC SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

401 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems .......................................... 434.401 Electrical Power and Lighting Systems.

401.1 Electrical Distribution Systems ............................................. 401.1 Electrical Distribution Systems.

401.1.1 Check Metering ........................................................... 401.1.1 Check Metering.

401.1.2 Electrical Schematic ................................................... 401.1.2 Electrical Schematic.

401.2 Electric Motors ...................................................................... 401.2 Electric Motors.

401.2.1 Efficiency ..................................................................... 401.2.1 Efficiency.

LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

401.3 Lighting Power Allowance ..................................................... 401.3 Lighting Power Allowance.

401.3.1 Building Exteriors ........................................................ 401.3.1 Building Exteriors.

401.3.2 Building Interiors ......................................................... 401.3.2 Building Interiors.

401.3.3 Lighting Power Control Credits ................................... 401.3.3 Lighting Power Control Credits.

401.3.4 Lighting Controls ......................................................... 401.3.4 Lighting Controls.

401.3.5 Ballasts ....................................................................... 401.3.5 Ballasts.

BUILDING ENVELOPES

402 Building Envelope Assemblies and Materials ................................. 434.402 Building Envelope Assemblies and Materials.

402.1 Calculations and Supporting Information .............................. 402.1 Calculation and Supporting Information.

402.1.1 Materials Properties .................................................... 402.1.1 Materials Properties.

402.1.2 Thermal Performance Calculations ............................ 402.1.2 Thermal Performance Calculations.

402.1.3 Gross Areas of Envelope Components ...................... 402.1.3 Gross Areas of Envelope Components.

402.2 Air Leakage and Moisture Migration ..................................... 402.2 Air Leakage and Moisture Migration.

402.2.1 Air Leakage ................................................................. 402.2.1 Air Barrier System.

402.2.2 Exterior Envelope Joints and Penetrations ................ 402.2.2 Building Envelope.

402.2.3 Moisture Migration ...................................................... 402.2.3 Moisture Mitigation.

402.3 Thermal Performance Criteria .............................................. 402.3 Thermal Performance Criteria.

402.3.1 Roofs; Floors and Walls Adjacent to Unconditioned

Spaces.

402.3.1 Roofs; Floors and Walls Adjacent to Unconditioned

Spaces.

402.3.2 Below-Grade Walls and Slabs-on-Grade ................... 402.3.2 Below-Grade Walls and Slabs-on-Grade.

402.4 Exterior Walls ........................................................................ 402.4 Exterior Walls.

402.4.1 Prescriptive Criteria .................................................... 402.4.1 Prescriptive Criteria.

402.4.2 System Performance Criteria ..................................... 402.4.2 System Performance Criteria.

BUILDING MECHANICAL SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT

403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment ................................ 434.403 Building Mechanical Systems and Equipment.

403.1 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency ......................................... 403.1 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency.

403.2 HVAC Systems ..................................................................... 403.2 HVAC Systems.

403.2.1 Load Calculations ....................................................... 403.2.1 Load Calculations.

403.2.2 Equipment and System Sizing ................................... 403.2.2 Equipment and System Sizing.

403.2.3 Separate Air Distribution System ............................... 403.2.3 Separate Air Distribution System.

403.2.4 Ventilation and Fan System Design ........................... 403.2.4 Ventilation and Fan System Design.

403.2.5 Pumping System Design ............................................ 403.2.5 Pumping System Design.

403.2.6 Temperature and Humidity Controls .......................... 403.2.6 Temperature and Humidity Controls.

403.2.7 Off-Hour Controls ........................................................ 403.2.7 Off-Hour Controls.

403.2.8 Economizer Controls .................................................. 403.2.8 Economizer Controls.
40886 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

Table 2.—SUBJECT CROSS WALK BETWEEN CODIFIED VERSION OF STANDARD 90.1–1989 AND THE PROPOSED FEDERAL

RULE—Continued

Codified 90.1–1989 Proposed rule

403.2.9 Distribution System Construction and Insulation ........ 403.2.9 Distribution System Construction and Insulation.

403.2.10 Completion ................................................................ 403.2.10 Completion.

BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

404 Building Service Systems and Equipment ...................................... 434.404 Building Service Systems and Equipment.

404.1 Service Water Heating Equipment ....................................... 404.1 Service Water Heating Equipment Efficiency.

404.1.1 Testing Electric and Oil Storage Water Heaters for

Standby Loss.

404.1.1 Testing Electric and Oil Storage Water Heaters for

Standby Loss

404.1.2 Unfired Storage Tanks ................................................ 404.1.2 Unfired Storage Tanks.

404.1.3 Storage Volume Symbols in Table ............................. 404.1.3 Storage Volume Symbols in Table.

404.2 Service Hot Water Piping Insulation ..................................... 404.2 Service Hot Water Piping Insulation.

404.3 Service Water Heating System Controls .............................. 404.3 Service Water Heating System Controls.

404.4 Water Conservation .............................................................. 404.4 Water Conservation.

404.5 Swimming Pools ................................................................... 404.5 Swimming Pools.

404.6 Combined Service Water Heating and Space Heating

Equipment.

404.6 Combined Service Water Heating and Space Heating

Equipment.

The codified version of Standard 90.1–1989, Section 102, Compliance,

incorporates by reference the Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative.

Subpart E—Building Energy Cost Compliance Alternative

434.501 General.

434.502 Determination of the Annual Energy Cost Budget.

434.503 Prototype Building Procedure.

434.504 Use of the Prototype Building to Determine the Energy Cost

Budget.

434.505 Reference Building Method.

434.506 Use of the Reference Building to Determine the Energy Cost

Budget.

434.507 Calculation Procedure and Simulation Tool.

434.508 Determination of the Design Energy Consumption and Design Energy Cost.

434.509 Compliance.

434.510 Standard Calculation Procedure.

434.511 Orientation and Shape.

434.512 Internal Loads.

434.513 Occupancy.

434.514 Lighting.

434.515 Receptacles.

434.516 Building Exterior Envelope.

434.517 HVAC Systems and Equipment.

434.518 Service Water Heating.

434.519 Controls.

434.520 Speculative Buildings.

434.521 The Simulation Tool.

The Building Energy Compliance Alternative is not in the codified version.Subpart F—Building Energy Compliance Alternative

434.601 General.

434.602 Determination of the Annual Energy Budget.

434.603 Determination of the Design Energy Use.

434.604 Compliance.

434.605 Standards Calculation Procedures.

434.606 Simulation Tool.

434.607 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Criteria.

CHAPTER 5 REFERENCE STANDARDS ............................................ Subpart G—Reference Standards

501 General ............................................................................................ 434.701 General.

As stated earlier, this proposed rule is being published in a unified and easy access form in lieu of publishing

changes from the codified version of Standard 90.1 due to the integrated nature of the changes (small and large)

from the codified version. In addition, this unified approach will facilitate the updating of this rule to reflect new

energy efficiency provisions.

DOE worked with the ASHRAE’s Standing Standards Project Committee 90.1 and the IES’s Energy Management

Committee in their development of addenda to Standard 90.1–1989. Today, the DOE is proposing to include some

of these addenda in its proposed rule. Table 3 provides a subject cross walk between addenda to Standard 90.1–

1989 and the proposed rule.

TABLE 3.—SUBJECT CROSS WALK BETWEEN STANDARD 90.1–1989 ADDENDA AND THE PROPOSED FEDERAL RULE

Standard 90.1–1989 Addenda Proposed rule

Add. a Not promulgated .........................................................................
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40887

TABLE 3.—SUBJECT CROSS WALK BETWEEN STANDARD 90.1–1989 ADDENDA AND THE PROPOSED FEDERAL RULE—

Continued

Standard 90.1–1989 Addenda Proposed rule

Add. b Revises service water heating criteria and updates miscellaneous references to other standards in Section 11 of ASHRAE Standard 90.1–1989.Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

404 Includes reference changes and addenda to service water

hearing criteria.

Add. c Motors. Makes the motor efficiency requirements more stringent and updates and adds references to NEMA Standards.Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

401.2 Electric Motors.

Add. d Clarifies the Exception under 6.4.2.5, Lighting controls in

spaces used as a whole.

Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

401.3.3 Lighting Power Control Credits.

Add. e Clarifies wording of 9.4.7, Ventilation. Section 9.4.7.2 permits

outside air intake to exceed minimum levels provided the system is

capable of operating at the minimum levels specified by 6.1.3 of

ASHRAE Standard 62.

Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

403.2.4 Ventilation and Fan System Design.

Add. f Fenestration. Not adopted but pending consideration by

ASHRAE.

Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

402.4.1.2 Fenestration

DOE is proposing substantive provisions that are the same as

in proposed Addendum F. DOE’s version is written in codified form. Contains corrections in the fenestration thermal

performance calculation procedure to meet industry standards. Includes changes to the alternative Component (ACP)

Tables to reflect this change.

Add. g Expansion of Table 8C–2, Wall Sections with Metal Studs,

Parallel Path Correction Factors. Addresses thicker wall members

and new technology for higher performance insulation products.

Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

402.1.2.1 Envelope Assemblies Containing Metal Framing

Add. h Not promulgated

Add. i Modifications to tables of HVAC equipment performance criteria

in Section 10. (These were first included in Addenda a.) Incorporates

updated test-procedure reference to the HVAC equipment performance criteria.

Subpart D Building Design Requirements—

403.1 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency.

E. Explanation of Differences Between

the Proposed Rule and the Statutory

Baseline

This section explains the differences

between the proposed rule and the

statutory baseline. As noted above, this

baseline includes Addenda b, d, and e,

since they were in effect at the time

EPACT was enacted. The discussion

below corresponds to the sections in the

proposed rule. Unless otherwise

indicated, the proposed rule

incorporates the language of the

codified version of both Standard 90.1

and its addenda. Minor language

changes and citation changes will not be

noted.

Subpart A: Administration and

Enforcement

Sections 434.100 and 434.101,

Purpose and Scope. In these proposed

sections, the title, purpose and scope

would be changed from the codified

version and the statutory baseline to

reflect the application to federal sector

buildings. These sections would adopt

language from the interim rule, with

some modifications, which define the

purpose of the proposed rule and the

categories of buildings covered by this

rulemaking. Specifically, the purpose

section would use the term ‘‘energy

efficiency’’ instead of the term ‘‘energy

conservation’’ which is used in the

codified version. Proposed § 434.101,

Scope, would delete exception (1),

which appears in both the statutory

baseline and the codified version.

Unlike the statutory baseline, the

proposed rule specifically lists all the

exceptions within the ‘‘Scope’’ section.

Sections 434.104, 106, and 107

Reserved

The proposed rule does not include

the sections entitled ‘‘Validity,’’ ‘‘Plans

and Specifications,’’ and ‘‘Inspections’’

from the codified version. The statutory

baseline does not contain any of these

sections either.

Subpart B: Definitions

The proposed rule would change the

definition of ‘‘commercial building’’

from the codified version by using the

definition of ‘‘commercial building’’

from the interim rule, which is identical

to the definition in ECPA, as amended,

42 U.S.C. 6832(4). The proposed rule

would also add several other definitions

from the interim rule that are not in the

codified version. They are: building

code, Federal agency, Federal building

and multi-family high-rise residential

buildings. All of these definitions,

except for multi-family high rise

residential buildings, are identical to the

definitions in ECPA, as amended, 42

U.S.C. 6832(3), (5), and (6), respectively.

Subpart D: Building Design

Requirements

Section 401.2, Electric Motors. This

proposed section would include

Addendum c regarding motor efficiency.

This is not part of the statutory baseline.

These revised minimum efficiencies for

electric motors are identical to those set

forth in section 342(b) of the Energy

Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) as

amended by section 122(d) of EPACT.

The codified version of Addendum c is

used with the exception of Table 401.2.1

of the proposed rule, which is from

Table 5.1 of the non-codified version of

the addendum. The codified version of

Table 401.2.1 is condensed from the

non-codified version and does not

include as broad a range of motor types.

The effect of including Addendum c is

to make section 401.2 of the proposed

rule more energy efficient than the

statutory baseline. See, Technical

Support Document (TSD), pages 2–3.

Section 401.3.2, Building Interiors.

This proposed section would adopt

most of the lighting requirements of the

interim rule. Those lighting

requirements incorporated from the

interim rule are more energy efficient

than the statutory baseline; the

remaining requirements are identical to

the statutory baseline. See, Technical

Support Document, pages 3–7.

The interim federal rule specifies two

sets of maximum unit power density
40888 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

values (UPD). UPD is measured as

lighting watts per square foot of floor

area. The initial (1989) values are the

same as those in the codified version of

Standard 90.1–1989. It also contains

more energy efficient UPD values that

took effect in 1993. The values proposed

today have been updated to reflect the

results of the detailed assessment of the

1993 interim values made during a

demonstration phase of the applicability

of the interim rule. These values reflect

a goal of progressive energy-conserving

practice without prohibiting the design

of quality lighting in interior

environments.

The proposed rule would include

UPD values in Tables 401.3.2b and

401.3.2c that in most cases are more

stringent than the statutory baseline for

various area/space categories. The

proposed rule would adopt 79 of the

106 space types listed at the more

stringent 1993 UPD values and 27 of the

106 space types listed at the 1989 UPD

values from the interim rule. In no case

is more lighting energy allowed than

provided for under Standard 90.1–1989.

See, Technical Support Document, page

4.

In the proposed rule, offices have a

high number of recommended UPD

values from the 1993 values of the

interim rule because the substantial

amount of case study and simulation

evidence points overwhelmingly to a

current capability for further reducing

office lighting energy use without

sacrificing lighting quality. The large

amount of office space in the United

States means that even this small

improvement in energy efficiency

specifications will result in significant

additional energy savings. In only one

case is a 1993 office value retained at

the 1989 UPD value.

Sections 402.1.1.1, Shading

Coefficient, and 402.1.2.2, Envelope

Assemblies Containing Nonmetal

Framing. The reference in the last

sentence of Section 402.1.1.1 is Table

41, Chapter 27, of the ASHRAE,

Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals Volume

rather than the reference found in the

codified version to Table 41 of the older

1985 Handbook. The 1985 Handbook is

also referenced in the statutory baseline.

There is no difference in the content of

these tables, simply a different table

number in the two versions of the

Handbook.

The reference in the last sentence of

Section 402.1.2.2 is changed from page

23.2 of Chapter 23 of the ASHRAE,

Handbook, 1985 Fundamentals Volume

found in the codified version and the

statutory baseline, to page 23.2 of

Chapter 23 of ASHRAE, Handbook,

1989 Fundamentals Volume. This

updated reference is not substantive in

nature.

Section 402.1.2.1, Envelope

Assemblies Containing Metal Framing.

The proposed rule would adopt

Addendum 90.1g, which is not part of

the statutory baseline. Addendum 90.1g

expands proposed Table 402.1.2.1b,

Parallel Path Correction Factors, Metal

Framed Walls with Studs 16 Gauge or

Lighter, to include metal studs and a

larger variety of insulation products in

exterior wall framing. These

technologies are not required. The table

is expanded to make it easier for

builders to use these technologies. See,

Technical Support Document, page 9.

Section 402.1.2.4, Fenestration

Assemblies. The proposed rule would

change the rating method for

fenestration (windows and skylights)

from that used in the statutory baseline.

The proposed Section 402.1.2.4, which

mirrors proposed ASHRAE Addendum

f, differs from the statutory baseline in

two respects. First, the proposed rule

would adopt the test procedure of the

National Fenestration Rating Council

(NFRC), NFRC 100–91, Procedure for

Determining Fenestration Product

Thermal Properties (currently limited to

thermal transmittance value). This test

procedure modifies the method of

calculating the thermal transmittance of

fenestration assemblies (e.g., framing

and glazing). Second, the thermal

transmittance values in Equation

402.1.2.3, referenced in the proposed

section, would be updated to reflect the

new rating procedure so that the

minimum required window assemblies

would be essentially the same as those

required under Standard 90.1–1989

using the old rating method. See,

Technical Support Document, pages 10–

11.

The new testing procedure was

developed by a consensus process

supported by the Department under

section 121 of EPACT. The Department

is proposing to adopt the NFRC Test

Procedure because this method provides

a more accurate measure of energy

efficiency. In addition to being the basis

for proposed Addendum 90.1f to

Standard 90.1–1989 now under

consideration by the ASHRAE Standing

Standards Project Committee, it is

already referred to in Chapter 27 of the

1993 ASHRAE Handbook of

Fundamentals. As noted previously in

Section II.D. above, proposed

Addendum f is not included in the

codified version.

Section 402.4.1.2, Fenestration. The

revised tables 402.4.1.1 on maximum

wall thermal transmittance overall and

402.4.1.2 on maximum window wall

ratio (WWR) were created using the new

method of calculating the thermal

transmittance of fenestration described

above. These revised tables incorporate

the changes in fenestration test

procedures and required thermal

transmittance overall values specified in

Section 402.1.2.4.

Section 403.1, Mechanical Equipment

Efficiency. The proposed rule adopts the

changes set forth in Addendum 90.1i,

which are not part of the statutory

baseline. These changes update the Test

Procedure column in the HVAC Tables

403.1a through 403.1f, to reflect the

latest references in mechanical

equipment efficiency test procedures to

ensure consistency with industry

practice. Addendum 90.1i also changes

the required minimum cubic feet per

minute (cfm) for variable-air-volume

(VAV) systems to 300 cfm in order to

provide consistency with the minimum

requirements of Section 403.2.4,

Ventilation and Fan System Design

(Addendum 90.1e) See, Technical

Support Document, pages 12–14 .

Addendum 90.1e, which is part of the

statutory baseline, permits outside air

intake to exceed the minimum levels

established by Standard 90.1–1989, to

increase indoor air quality and tenant

comfort.

Subpart E, Building Energy Cost

Compliance Alternative

This provision is part of the statutory

baseline. It is incorporated in the

codified version of Standard 90.1–1989

by reference only (see Section 102,

Compliance). The language of this

subpart has been adopted in its entirety

from the interim rule, with the

exception of paragraphs 11.2.3, 11.2.4

and 11.3.1 found in § 435.111. The

language in paragraph 11.2.3, which is

contained in Section 502.3 of the

proposed rule would be modified to

make it more clear. The language in

paragraph 11.2.4 would be deleted

because it is merely explanatory in

nature and does not include any

regulatory requirements. The language

in paragraph 11.3.1, which is contained

in Section 508.1 of the proposed rule,

has been modified to avoid confusion

regarding which energy supply sources

the section applies to.

This subpart sets forth the

requirements for using one of two

alternative methods of whole building

performance compliance. This

alternative method is based on a

comparison of expected local monthly

energy costs for the proposed building

design (referred to as the ‘‘design energy

cost’’) to the expected energy costs of a

similar building designed to just meet

the specific requirements of subpart D

(referred to as the ‘‘energy cost budget’’).
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40889

Compliance is achieved when the

estimated design energy cost is less than

or equal to the energy cost budget.

Subpart E provides instructions for

determining the budget and for

calculating energy analysis of prototype

or reference building designs configured

to meet the prescriptive or systems

requirements of the standards.

The prototype or reference building

design for the energy cost budget (1)

incorporates the minimum technical

specifications in proposed subpart D

and (2) is based on the least expensive

energy source(s) (e.g. electricity, natural

gas, or oil) for space and water heating.

The reference energy source(s) is not a

requirement or recommendation.

This approach allows a designer

maximum flexibility in the design

process, while ensuring that the

building is designed to have energy cost

no higher than costs under the other

compliance paths. This path provides

an opportunity for the energy

conservation benefits of innovative

designs, materials, and equipment to be

used when they cannot be evaluated

adequately under either the prescriptive

or system performance procedures.

Subpart F, Building Energy Compliance

Alternative

This subpart is not found in the

statutory baseline or the codified

version of Standard 90.1–1989. The

Building Energy Compliance Alternative

has been adopted in its entirety from the

current interim rule (See 10 CFR

435.112), with the exception of a

portion of paragraph 12.1.7 from

§ 435.112, which would be deleted to

conform to 10 CFR part 436. (See

Proposed Section 601.7 ). The proposed

rule would also modify the language of

paragraphs 12.3.2.1 and 12.7.1 from

§ 435.112, now contained in proposed

Sections 603.2.1 and 607.1, respectively.

In the first instance, the modification

would clarify the language of the

proposed section; in the latter instance,

the modification would conform the

proposed section to part 436 and

simplify it. Finally, a portion of

paragraph 12.7.1.4 from § 435.112

would be deleted in order to make

proposed Section 607.1.4 accurate.

This subpart provides an additional

alternative path for compliance with the

proposed rule which is based on a

comparison of total energy use rather

than energy costs as in subpart E.

Compliance under this subpart is

demonstrated by showing that the

calculated annual energy usage for the

proposed building design is equal to or

less than a calculated design energy use

target based on just meeting the

requirements of subpart D.

A life-cycle cost economic analysis is

required to evaluate both the choice of

energy source(s) and energy reduction

strategies. Unlike subpart E, this subpart

requires the use of the energy source(s)

determined to have the lowest life-cycle

cost. Fuel sources selected for the

proposed design and prototype or

reference buildings are determined by

considering the energy costs and other

costs and benefits that occur during the

expected economic life of the

alternative. The procedures set forth in

subpart A of 10 CFR part 436 are used

to make the determination.

When the proposed design is

compared to the prototype or reference

building, the same subsystems and fuel

sources are used so that the subsystems

of each correspond. Life-cycle cost

analysis is then used to determine

whether proposed features would be

cost-effective to the federal government.

(Section IV of this preamble discusses

federal policies which promote the

purchase of cost-effective energy

efficiency investments.)

Subpart G, Reference Standards

The proposed rule would adopt the

reference section from the codified

version of Standard 90.1–1989 with

several additions. Several of these

changes are described above. In

addition, several references to other

building industry standards are being

updated to be consistent with the

current version of those standards.

These changed references are: RS–4,

ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals,

1985 which was updated to version

1989 and RS–48 which was updated to

version 1993. Specifically, added

reference standards include: RS–43,

NEMA MG 10–1983 (R 1988), Energy

Management Guide for Selection and

Use of Polyphase Motors, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association,

Washington, D.C. 20037; RS–44, NEMA

MG 11–1977 (R 1982, 1987), Energy

Management Guide for Selection and

Use of Single-Phase Motors, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association,

Washington, D.C. 20037; RS–45, ARI

Standard 330–93, Ground-Source

Closed Loop Heat Pumps, AirConditioning and Refrigeration Institute,

Arlington, Va. 22209; RS–46, ARI

Standard 560–92, Absorption Water

Chilling and Water Heating Packages,

Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration

Institute, Arlington, Va. 22209; RS–47,

ASHRAE, Handbook, 1991 Applications

Volume, American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329; RS–48,

ASHRAE, Handbook, 1993

Fundamentals Volume, American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and

Air- Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta,

GA 30329; and RS–49, Codified Version

of ASHRAE, Standard 90.1–1989,

Energy Code For Commercial And HighRise Residential Buildings, including

Addenda b, c, d, e, g, and i.

III. Consultation

In developing today’s proposal, DOE

has consulted with outside parties,

including state and local code officials,

private sector representatives, and other

federal agencies, as required by sections

305(a)(1) of ECPA, as amended.

IV. Energy Impacts

Section 305(a)(2)(A) of ECPA, as

amended, requires that the proposed

rule meet or exceed Standard 90.1–

1989. As stated above, DOE is

interpreting the statutory reference to

Standard 90.1–1989 to include addenda

in effect when EPACT was enacted. The

proposed rule includes all of the energy

efficiency provisions in the statutory

baseline including the addenda in effect

as of October 24, 1992. It also includes

the three addenda adopted since

October 24, 1992 (Addenda c, g and i),

and lighting specifications that are not

included in either Standard 90.1–1989

or any of its addenda. Further, DOE

proposes requirements based upon

proposed Addendum f.

Overall, the proposed rule, if adopted,

for new federal buildings, would reduce

energy use by about 5 percent more than

adoption of a rule that meets the

statutory baseline. The Department has

determined that Addenda g and i,

addressing metal stud walls and HVAC

performance testing, respectively, as

well as proposed Addendum f have no

impact on energy use. The Department

estimates that Addendum c provides a

0.24 percent reduction in building

energy use. This same reduction will be

realized nationwide as the electric

motor standards of section 342 (b) of the

EPCA, as amended, take effect. The

Department has also determined that the

proposed lighting standards will result

in total building energy use which is 4.7

percent less than that allowed by the

statutory baseline.

Even though today’s proposed rule is

more stringent than the statutory

baseline, two components of the

proposed rule are likely to result in an

increase in allowed energy use as

compared to the interim rule. First, the

interim rule does not include the new

ventilation standard found in the

statutory baseline, Addendum e of

Standard 90.1–1989. Addendum 90.1e

requires inclusion of capacity to provide

more fresh air to be brought into

commercial buildings in order to

improve indoor air quality and occupant
40890 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

comfort. The Department estimates that

the additional energy needed to heat,

cool, dehumidify and move this

additional outdoor air will increase

energy use under the proposed rule by

10 to 15 percent from the energy

requirements in the interim standard.

Second, for 27 of the 106 space types,

the lighting requirements in the

proposed rule are less stringent than the

1993 lighting values in the interim rule.

The changes are unlikely, however, to

have much impact on energy use since

the 1993 UPD values proved difficult to

implement for these 27 space types.

The energy estimates reported here

are based on the minimum

specifications found in Subsection D of

the proposed rule. Additional costeffective energy efficiency

improvements in new federal

commercial buildings are facilitated by

this rule through subparts E and F, the

alternative paths which provide a means

of documenting the energy savings and

cost-effectiveness of more energy

efficient building designs. Pursuant to

section 306 of ECPA, as amended,

federal agencies must adopt building

standards which meet or exceed the

standards of the proposed rule.

Utilization of the voluntary code format

for this rule would facilitate DOE’s

consideration and incorporation of new

code specifications. The Department is

actively involved in the development

and analysis of a next-generation

voluntary code for commercial

buildings.

Several existing programs and

policies are also designed to reduce

energy use in new federal buildings

beyond minimum specifications. The

proposed rule is specifically designed to

work in conjunction with existing

efforts. The life cycle cost analysis

provisions found in 10 CFR part 436

allow agencies to determine when

additional or alternative efficiency

measures would provide net benefits in

the form of energy cost savings to ensure

that measures selected under the

alternative paths are cost-effective to the

Federal government. Section 306(a) of

Executive Order No. 12902 (59 FR

11463, March 8, 1994), ‘‘Executive

Order on Energy Efficiency and Water

Conservation at Federal Facilities,’’

specifically requires for new Federal

facilities that, ‘‘Each agency involved in

the construction of a new facility * * *

shall: (1) Design and construct such

facility to minimize the life cycle cost of

the facility by utilizing energy

efficiency, water conservation, or solar

or other renewable energy

technologies.’’ It also requires agencies

to ‘‘ensure that the design and

construction of facilities meet or exceed

the energy performance standards

applicable to Federal residential or

commercial buildings as set forth in 10

CFR part 435, local building standards,

or a Btu-per-gross square-foot ceiling

. . . whichever will result in a lower

life cycle cost over the life of the

facility.’’ Section 306(a)(2). Finally, this

Executive Order directs agencies to

purchase equipment for buildings that

are in the upper 25 percent of energy

efficiency for all similar products or at

least 10 percent more efficient than the

minimum level that meets Federal

standards if they are cost-effective and

to the extent practicable. Section

507(a)(2). Programs within the

Department’s Office of Codes and

Standards and the Federal Energy

Management Program provide agencies

with assistance in utilizing life-cycle

cost analysis and in identifying and

procuring energy efficient shell and

equipment options for Federal

buildings.

V. Technological Feasibility and

Economic Justification

The standards proposed today are

technologically feasible and cost

effective to the federal government as

required by section 305(a)(1) of ECPA,

as amended. Those provisions included

in the statutory baseline have been part

of recommended professional practice

since at least October 1992. Addenda

adopted or proposed by ASHRAE and

IES since EPACT was enacted (Addenda

90.1c, f, g, and i addressing motors,

fenestration, metal framing in the

building envelope, and heating and

cooling equipment test procedures,

respectively) will be addressed

specifically to explain their

technological feasibility and cost

effectiveness.

Addendum 90.1c, regarding motors

was developed in cooperation with the

National Electrical Manufacturers

Association and is based on its

standards. Motors covered by this

criteria are currently being actively

marketed by manufacturers and

regularly incorporated as cost effective

retrofit measures in utility demand side

management programs. See, Technical

Support Document, page 3. Section

342(b) of EPCA, as amended, governs

the efficiency of motors manufactured

after October 1997. Discussions with

manufacturers lead DOE to believe that

these products will be cost effective for

all new federal buildings at the time this

rule would become effective.

Proposed Addendum 90.1f modifies

the method of calculating the thermal

transmittance of fenestration assemblies

based on the National Fenestration

Rating Council’s procedures for

determining fenestration thermal

performance. Over 12,000 products have

been certified using this procedure.

Hence, the Department believes that

these procedures are technologically

feasible. Furthermore, DOE believes that

the U-values specified in the proposed

rule based on Addendum f would not

change the types of windows from those

required by Standard 90.1–1989. A

review of the National Fenestration

Products Rating Council Certified

Product Directory leads DOE to

conclude that the proposed changes will

not require a change in fenestration

from the statutory baseline. See,

Technical Support Document, pages 10–

11.

Addendum 90.1g, expands proposed

Table 402.1.2.1b, Parallel Path

Correction Factors, Metal Framed Walls

with Studs 16 Gauge or Lighter, to

include a larger variety of available

types of metal studs, spacing of framing

members and cavity insulation values

which are being used for exterior walls.

This was done in light of recent

increased interest in metal shed

construction. The proposed rule only

permits the use of metal studs if the

exterior wall is properly insulated; it

does not require the use of this

technology. The Department believes

this technology will be used only in

cases where the builder finds it is cost

effective to do so. See, Technical

Support Document, pages 8–9.

Addendum 90.1i updates the test

procedures for heating and cooling

equipment. Their adoption by

equipment manufacturers demonstrates

their technological feasibility.

Furthermore, since these are established

testing procedures used by industry,

DOE believes their inclusion in the

proposed rule will have no impact on

cost. In addition, Addendum 90.1i

specifies minimum air changes per hour

under various circumstances. DOE

believes this will not increase energy

use beyond the statutory baseline since

Addendum e, adopted prior to October

24, 1992 already allowed this practice.

See, Technical Support Document,

pages 12–14.

The proposed rule adopts those 1993

lighting specifications that proved to be

both technologically feasible and costeffective. (See Appendix of the TSD).

For each of the 79 space/area types for

which the Department is proposing to

use the 1993 UPD values from the

interim rule, these values proved to be

both technologically feasible and costeffective to the federal government. For

each of the 27 space/area types for

which the Department is proposing to

use the 1989 values from the interim

rule (identical to the statutory baseline),
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40891

the Department’s analysis indicated

potential technical difficulties in using

the 1993 UPD values while retaining

adequate lighting levels for the relevant

tasks. In determining the costeffectiveness of the lighting provisions,

the original analysis was adjusted to

reflect the estimated lower cost of

electricity to the federal government.

See, Technical Support Document,

pages 3–7.

VI. Measures Concerning Radon and

Other Indoor Air Pollutants

Section 305(a)(2)(C) of ECPA, as

amended, requires the Department to

consider, where appropriate, measures

with regard to radon and other indoor

air pollutants. The Department has

consulted with the Environmental

Protection Agency and determined that

there are no radon standards applicable

to the types of buildings covered by the

proposed rule.

Ventilation is the only proposed

change that has an effect on indoor air

quality and thus, on habitability. The

proposed rule, through its inclusion of

Addendum 90.1e, would adopt the

minimum ventilation rates specified by

ASHRAE Standard 62–1989, entitled

‘‘Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality,’’ effectively increasing

ventilation in new federal buildings.

Improving building ventilation

conditions by adjustments to

mechanical systems is widely used as a

generic mitigation practice for indoor air

quality problems. It is widely assumed

that such adjustments increase

ventilation rates and as a consequence

decrease contaminant concentrations,

reduce dissatisfaction with air quality

and reduce symptom prevalence. A

range of experimental and

epidemiological studies have been

carried out to evaluate these

relationships. However, these study

results are in dispute.

VII. Findings and Certification

A. Federalism Review

Executive Order 12612, 52 FR 41685

(October 30, 1987), requires that

regulations, rules, legislation, and any

other policy actions be reviewed for any

substantial direct effects on states, on

the relationship between the Federal

government and the States, or in the

distribution of power and

responsibilities among various levels of

government. If there are substantial

effects, then the Executive Order

requires preparation of a federalism

assessment to be used in all decisions

involved in promulgating and

implementing policy action.

This proposed rule would establish

standards for new federal commercial

and multi-family high rise residential

buildings. It does not impose any

requirements on State governments.

Therefore, the Department finds that

today’s proposed rule, if finalized, will

not have a substantial direct effect on

State governments and, therefore, a

federalism assessment has not been

prepared.

B. Review Under Executive Order on

Promulgating Regulations 12988

Section 3 of Executive Order 12988,

61 FR 4729 (February 7, 1996), instructs

each agency to adhere to certain

requirements in promulgating new

regulations. These requirements, set

forth in section 3 (a) and (b), include

eliminating drafting errors and needless

ambiguity, drafting the regulations to

minimize litigation, providing clear and

certain legal standards for affected legal

conduct, and promoting simplification

and burden reduction. Agencies are also

instructed to make every reasonable

effort to ensure that the regulation

describes any administrative proceeding

to be available prior to judicial review

and any provisions for the exhaustion of

administrative remedies. The

Department certifies that the proposed

rule meets the requirements of section

3(a) and (b) of Executive Order 12988.

C. Regulatory Planning and Review

This regulatory action has been

determined to be a significant regulatory

action under Executive Order No.

12866, 58 FR 51735 (October 4, 1993),

but not economically significant.

Accordingly, today’s action was subject

to review under the Executive Order by

the Office of Information and Regulatory

Affairs (OIRA) and OIRA has completed

its review.

D. Review Under the Regulatory

Flexibility Act

The Regulatory Flexibility Act of

1980, 5 U.S.C. 601–612, requires that an

agency prepare an initial regulatory

flexibility analysis and that it be

published at the time of publication of

general notice of proposed rulemaking

for the rule. This requirement does not

apply if the agency ‘‘certifies that the

rule will not, if promulgated, have a

significant economic impact on a

substantial number of small entities.’’ (5

U.S.C. 605).

The proposed rule only imposes

requirements on the Federal government

for the construction of new Federal

commercial and multi-family high rise

residential buildings. Therefore, the

Department certifies that this rule, if

promulgated, would not have a

significant economic impact on a

substantial number of small entities.

E. Review Under the National

Environmental Policy Act

In issuing the interim rule, the

Department prepared an Environmental

Assessment (EA) of the interim

standards for Federal commercial and

multi-family high rise residential

buildings. The EA concluded that the

effect of the proposed standards on a

building’s habitability as well as on the

outdoor environment, the economy and

Federal institutions, would be very

small. Thus, environmental effects from

standards proposed for a minimum level

of energy efficiency for new Federal and

commercial multi-family high rise

residential buildings were determined

not to be a major Federal action

significantly affecting the quality of the

human environment, under the meaning

of the National Environmental Policy

Act. A Finding of No Significant Impact

(FONSI) was issued by DOE on

November 3, 1986. The FONSI was then

published along with the proposed rule

in 52 FR 17052, 17064 (May 6, 1987)

and referenced in the interim rule in 54

FR 4551 (January 30, 1989).

The 1989 interim rule that established

building energy efficiency standards

was mandatory for federal buildings and

voluntary for all others. This proposed

rule addresses solely federal

construction, which represents only 2

percent of total new construction

nationwide, and does not include

voluntary standards for non-federal

construction.

The proposed rule would change

energy consumption as compared to the

interim rule in the areas of lighting,

motors, and HVAC. In conducting the

environmental analysis for this

proposed rule, the Department found

that the proposed changes would

produce a 4.7 percent reduction in

building energy consumption compared

to the 1989 lighting criteria in the

interim rule. The proposed rule would

also produce a 0.24 percent reduction in

building energy consumption due to the

proposed efficiency requirements of

motors as compared to the interim rule.

The proposed rule, however, could

increase energy use by 10–15 percent,

because of the additional HVAC

requirements of Addendum 90.1e, as

compared to the interim rule. The net

result would be an approximate 5–10

percent increase in total building energy

use as compared to the interim rule with

the 1989 lighting levels. Since federal

construction represents only 2 percent

of the total new commercial and multifamily high-rise construction nationally,
40892 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

the increase in energy consumption

nationally would be negligible.

The Department believes that a

minimum environmental impact would

result from this proposed rule. Further,

such effects would fall within the range

of impacts that are analyzed in the

interim rule’s EA. These effects are

determined not to be significant in the

FONSI published in 1987. Accordingly,

DOE determines that after all the

environmental effects of the proposed

rule are considered, this proposed rule

is bounded by the analysis in the EA.

Therefore, the preparation of a new EA

or an environmental impact statement is

not required.

F. Environmental Protection Agency

Review

As required by the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974, 15 U.S.C.

766 (a)(1), a copy of this proposed rule

was submitted to the Administrator of

the Environmental Protection Agency

for comments on the impact of the

proposed rule on the quality of the

environment.

G. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

This proposed rule was examined

with respect to the Paperwork

Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.,

which directs agencies to minimize

Federal information collection and

reporting burdens imposed on

individuals, small businesses, and State

and local governments.

This proposed rule would establish

requirements for the design of new

Federal commercial and multi-family

high rise buildings. It does not impose

requirements for the collection or

reporting of information to the Federal

Government. Accordingly, clearance

under the Paperwork Reduction Act of

1980 is not required by the Office of

Information and Regulatory Affairs of

the Office of Management and Budget.

H. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

Review

Title II of the Unfunded Mandates

Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), enacted as

Pub. L. 104-4 on March 22, 1995,

requires each Federal agency, to the

extent permitted by law, to prepare a

written assessment of the effects of any

Federal mandate in a proposed or final

agency rule that may result in the

expenditure by State, local, and tribal

governments, in the aggregate, or by the

private sector, of $100 million or more

(adjusted annually for inflation) in any

one year. The requirements do not apply

if the rule incorporates regulatory

requirements that are specifically set

forth in law. See 2 U.S.C. 1531, 1532.

Furthermore, section 204(a) of the

Act, 2 U.S.C. 1534(a), requires the

Federal agency to develop an effective

process to permit timely input by

elected officers (or their designees) of

State, local, and tribal governments on

a proposed ‘‘significant

intergovernmental mandate.’’ A

‘‘significant intergovernmental

mandate’’ under the Act is any

provision in a Federal agency regulation

that: (1) Would impose an enforceable

duty upon State, local, or tribal

governments (except as a condition of

Federal assistance); and (2) may result

in the expenditure by State, local, and

tribal governments, in the aggregate, of

$100 million (adjusted annually for

inflation) in any one year. Section 203

of the Act, which supplements section

204(a), provides that before establishing

any regulatory requirements that might

significantly or uniquely affect small

governments, the agency shall have

developed a plan that, among other

things, provides for notice to potentially

affected small governments, if any, and

for a meaningful and timely opportunity

to provide input in the development of

regulatory proposals. 2 U.S.C. 1533.

The rule proposed today would

establish building energy efficiency

standards for new Federal commercial

and multi-family high rise residential

buildings pursuant to section 305(a) of

the Energy Conservation and Production

Act, as amended. 42 U.S.C. 6834(a). It

does not include any Federal

requirements that would result in the

expenditure of money by State, local,

and tribal governments. Therefore, the

requirements of the Unfunded Mandates

Reform Act of 1995 do not apply to this

rulemaking.

I. Review under Section 32 of the

Federal Energy Administration

Authorization Act

Pursuant to section 301 of the

Department of Energy Organization Act

(Pub. L. 95–91), the Department of

Energy is required to comply with

section 32 of the Federal Energy

Administration Act of 1974, as amended

by section 9 of the Federal Energy

Administration Authorization Act of

1977. The findings required of the

Department of Energy by section 32

serve to notify the public regarding the

use of commercial standards in a

proposal and through the rulemaking

process. It allows interested persons to

make known their views regarding the

appropriateness of the use of any

particular commercial standard in a

notice of proposed rulemaking. Section

32 also requires that the Department of

Energy consult with the Attorney

General and the Chairman of the Federal

Trade Commission concerning the

impacts of such standards on

competition.

Today’s proposed rule adopts, in

significant part, the codified version of

Standard 90.1–1989, including six

addenda adopted by ASHRAE/IES. They

are: Addenda b, c, d, e, g, and i. In

addition, the proposed rule contains

other industry reference standards and

sources. They are: ASHRAE, Handbook,

1989, 1993, Fundamentals Volumes,

American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Atlanta, GA. 30329; National

Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)

100–91, Procedure for Determining

Fenestration Product Thermal

Properties, Silver Spring, MD, 20910;

NEMA MG 10–1983 (R 1988), Energy

Management Guide for Selection and

Use of Polyphase Motors, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association,

Washington, DC 20037; NEMA MG 11–

1977 (R 1982, 1987), Energy

Management Guide for Selection and

Use of Single-Phase Motors, National

Electrical Manufacturers Association,

Washington,DC, 20037; ARI Standard

330–93, Ground-Source Closed Loop

Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and

Refrigeration Institute, Arlington,Va.

22209; ARI Standard 560–92,

Absorption Water Chilling and Water

Heating Packages, Air-Conditioning and

Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, Va.

22209; and ASHRAE Handbook, 1991

Applications Volume, American Society

of Heating, Refrigerating, and AirConditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA

30329.

The Department of Energy has

evaluated the promulgation of the above

standards with regard to compliance

with section 32(b). The Department is

unable to conclude whether these

standards fully comply with the

requirements of section 32(b), i.e., that

they were developed in a manner which

fully provided for public participation,

comment, and review. Therefore, DOE

now invites public comment on the

appropriateness of incorporating these

industry standards in its final rule. As

required by section 32(c), DOE will

consult with the Attorney General and

the Chairman of the Federal Trade

Commission concerning the impact of

these standards on competition, prior to

issuing a notice of Final Rulemaking.

VIII. Public Comment Procedures

A. Participation in Rulemaking

The Department encourages the

maximum level of public participation

in this rulemaking. Individuals, Federal

agencies, architects, engineers, utilities,

States and local governments, building
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40893

code organizations, builders, builder

associations, building owners, building

owner association, consumers, and

others are urged to submit written data,

views, or comments on the proposal.

Whenever applicable, full supporting

rationale, data and detailed analyses

should also be submitted. The

Department also encourages interested

persons to participate in the public

hearing to be held in Washington, DC,

at the time and place indicated in this

Notice.

The Department has established a

comment period of 90 days following

publication of this notice during which

interested persons may comment on this

proposal. All comments will be

available for review in the Department’s

Freedom of Information Reading Room.

B. Written Comment Procedures

Written comments (ten copies) should

be submitted to the address indicated in

the ADDRESSES section of this notice

and must be received by the time and

date indicated in the DATES section of

this notice. Comments should be

identified on both the outside of the

envelope and on the documents

themselves with the designation,

‘‘Energy Code for New Federal

Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise

Residential Buildings (Docket No. EE–

RM–79–112–C).’’ In the event any

person wishing to provide written

comments cannot provide ten copies,

alternative arrangements can be made in

advance with DOE by calling.

All comments received on or before

the date specified at the beginning of

this notice and other relevant

information will be considered by DOE

before final action is taken on the

proposed rule. All written comments

will be available for examination in the

Rule Docket File in the Department’s

Freedom of Information Office Reading

Room at the address provided at the

beginning of this notice both before and

after the closing date for comments. In

addition, a transcript of the proceedings

of the public hearings will be filed in

the docket.

Pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR

1004.11, any person submitting

information or data that is believed to be

confidential, and which may be exempt

by law from public disclosure, should

submit one complete copy, and two

copies from which the information

claimed to be confidential has been

deleted. The Department will make its

own determination of any such claim

and treat it according to its

determination.

C. Public Hearing Procedures

1. Procedure for Submitting Requests to

Speak

In order to have the benefit of a broad

range of public viewpoints in this

rulemaking, the Department will hold a

public hearing at the time and place

indicated in the DATES and ADDRESSES

sections of this notice. Any person who

has an interest in the proposed rule or

who is a representative of a group or

class of persons that has an interest in

the proposed rule may request an

opportunity to make an oral

presentation. Requests to speak should

be sent to the address or phone number

indicated in the ADDRESSES section of

this notice and received by the time

specified in the DATES section of this

notice.

The persons making the request

should briefly describe his or her

interest in the proceedings and, if

appropriate, state why that person is a

proper representative of the group or

class of persons that has such an

interest. The person also should provide

a telephone number where they may be

contacted during the day. Each person

selected to speak at a public hearing

will be notified by the DOE as to the

approximate time that they will be

speaking. They should bring ten copies

of their statement to the hearing. In the

event any person wishing to testify

cannot meet this requirement,

alternative arrangements can be made in

advance with DOE.

2. Conduct of Hearing

The DOE reserves the right to select

persons to be heard at the hearings, to

schedule their presentations, and to

establish procedures governing the

conduct of the hearing. The length of

each presentation is limited to ten

minutes, or based on the number of

persons requesting to speak.

A Department official will preside at

the hearing. The hearing will not be a

judicial or evidentiary-type hearing, but

will be conducted in accordance with 5

U.S.C. 553 and section 501 of the

Department of Energy Organization Act,

42 U.S.C. 7191. At the conclusion of all

initial oral statements, each person will

be given the opportunity to make a

rebuttal statement. The rebuttal

statements will be given in the order in

which the initial statements were made.

Questions may be asked only by those

conducting the hearing. Any interested

person may submit to the presiding

official written questions to be asked of

any person making a statement at the

hearing. The presiding official will

determine whether the question is

relevant or whether time limitations

permit it to be presented for a response.

Any further procedural rules needed

for the proper conduct of the hearing

will be announced by the Presiding

Officer at the hearing.

If DOE must cancel the public

hearing, DOE will make every effort to

publish an advance notice of such

cancellation in the Federal Register.

Actual notice of cancellation will also

be given to all persons scheduled to

speak. The hearing date may be

cancelled in the event no member of the

public requests the opportunity to make

an oral presentation.

List of subjects in 10 CFR Parts 434 and

435

Buildings, Energy conservation,

Engineers, Federal buildings and

facilities.

Issued in Washington, DC, on July, 1996.

Christine A. Ervin,

Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy.

For the reasons set forth in the

preamble, Chapter II of Title 10 of the

Code of Federal Regulations is proposed

to be amended as set forth below:

PART 435—ENERGY CONSERVATION

VOLUNTARY PERFORMANCE

STANDARDS FOR NEW BUILDINGS;

MANDATORY FOR FEDERAL

BUILDINGS

1. The authority citation for part 435

is revised to read as follows:

Authority: 42 USC 6831–6832; 6834–6836;

42 USC 8253–54; 42 USC 7101 et seq.

§§ 435.97 through 435.112 (Subpart A)

[Removed and reserved]

2. Subpart A (§§ 435.97 through

435.112) to part 435 is removed and

reserved.

3. A new part 434 is added to Chapter

II of Title 10 to read as set forth below:

PART 434—ENERGY CODE FOR NEW

FEDERAL COMMERCIAL AND MULTIFAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS

Sec.

434.99 Explanation of numbering system

for codes.

Subpart A—Administration and

Enforcement—General

434.100 Purpose.

434.101 Scope.

434.102 Compliance.

434.103 Referenced standards (RS).

434.105 Materials and equipment.

Subpart B—Definitions

434.201 Definitions.
40894 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

Subpart C—Design Conditions

434.301 Design Criteria.

Subpart D—Building Design

Requirements—Electric Systems and

Equipment

434.401 Electrical power and lighting

systems.

434.402 Building envelope assemblies and

materials.

434.403 Building mechanical systems and

equipment.

434.404 Building service systems and

equipment.

Subpart E—Building Energy Cost

Compliance Alternative.

434.501 General.

434.502 Determination of the annual energy

cost budget.

434.503 Prototype building procedure.

434.504 Use of the prototype building to

determine the energy cost budget.

434.505 Reference building method.

434.506 Use of the reference building to

determine the energy cost budget.

434.507 Calculation procedure and

simulation tool.

434.508 Determination of the design energy

consumption and design energy cost.

434.509 Compliance.

434.510 Standard calculation procedure.

434.511 Orientation and shape.

434.512 Internal loads.

434.513 Occupancy.

434.514 Lighting.

434.515 Receptacles.

434.516 Building exterior envelope.

434.517 HVAC systems and equipment.

434.518 Service water heating.

434.519 Controls.

434.520 Speculative buildings.

434.521 The simulation tool.

Subpart F—Building Energy Compliance

Alternative

434.601 General.

434.602 Determination of the annual energy

budget.

434.603 Determination of the design energy

use.

434.604 Compliance.

434.605 Standard calculation procedure.

434.606 Simulation tool.

434.607 Life cycle cost analysis criteria.

Subpart G—Reference Standards

434.701 General.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6831–6832, 6834–

6836; 42 U.S.C. 8253–54; 42 U.S.C. 7101, et

seq.

§ 434.99 Explanation of numbering system

for codes.

(a) For purposes of this part, a

derivative of two different numbering

systems will be used.

(1) For the purpose of designating a

section, the system employed in the

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) will

be employed. The number ‘‘434’’ which

signifies Part 434 in Chapter II of Title

10, Code of Federal Regulations, is used

as a prefix for all section headings. The

suffix is a two or three digit section

number. For example the lighting

section of the standards is designated

§ 434.401.

(2) Within each section, a numbering

system common to many national

voluntary consensus standards is used.

A decimal system is used to denote

paragraphs and subparagraphs within a

section. For example, in § 434.401,

‘‘401.2.1’’ refers to subsection 401,

paragraph 2, subparagraph 1.

(b) The hybrid numbering system is

used for two purposes:

(1) The use of the Code of Federal

Regulation’s numbering system allows

the researcher using the CFR easy access

to the standards.

(2) The use of the second system

allows the builder, designer, architect or

engineer easy access because they are

familiar to this system numbering. This

system was chosen because of its

commonality among the building

industry.

Subpart A—Administration and

Enforcement—General

§ 434.100 Purpose.

The provisions of this part provide

minimum standards for energy

efficiency for the design of new Federal

commercial and multi-family high rise

residential buildings. The performance

standards are designed to achieve the

maximum practicable improvements in

energy efficiency and increases in the

use of non-depletable sources of energy.

§ 434.101 Scope.

101.1 This part provides design

requirements for the building envelope,

electrical distribution systems and

equipment for electric power, lighting,

heating, ventilating, air conditioning,

service water heating and energy

management. It applies to new Federal

multi-family high rise residential

buildings and new Federal commercial

buildings. The following are not

covered:

101.1.1 Buildings, or portions

thereof separated from the remainder of

the building, that have a peak energy

usage for space conditioning, service

water heating, and lighting of less than

3.5 Btu/(h•ft2) of gross floor area.

101.1.2 Buildings of less than 100

square feet of gross floor area.

101.1.3 Heating, cooling, ventilating,

or service hot water requirements for

those spaces where processes occur for

purposes other than occupant comfort

and sanitation, and which impose

thermal loads in excess of 5% of the

loads that would otherwise be required

for occupant comfort and sanitation

without the process;

101.1.4 Envelope requirements for

those spaces where heating or cooling

requirements are excepted in subsection

101.1.3 of this section.

101.1.5 Lighting for tasks not listed

or encompassed by areas or activities

listed in Table 514.1.1.

101.1.6 Buildings that are composed

entirely of spaces listed in subsections

101.1.1 and 101.1.3.

101.2 A Federal agency may use this

section to include any additions,

renovations, repairs, replacements, and/

or remodeling in the scope of the code

and reference existing procedures in

their building or administrative code to

cover this application.

§ 434.102 Compliance.

102.1 A covered building must be

designed and constructed consistent

with the provisions of this part.

102.2 Buildings designed and

constructed to meet the alternative

requirements of subparts E or F shall be

deemed to satisfy the requirements of

this part. Such designs shall be certified

by a registered architect or engineer

stating that the estimated energy cost or

energy use for the building as designed

is no greater than the energy cost or

energy use of a prototype building or

reference building as determined

pursuant to subparts E or F of this part.

§ 434.103 Referenced standards (RS).

103.1 The standards, technical

handbooks, papers and regulations

listed in § 434.701, shall be considered

part of this part to the prescribed extent

of such reference. Where differences

occur between the provisions of this

part and referenced standards, the

provisions of this part shall apply.

Whenever a reference is made in this

part to an RS standard it refers to the

standards listed in § 434.701.

§ 434.105 Materials and equipment.

105.1 Building materials and

equipment shall be identified in designs

in a manner that will allow for a

determination of their compliance with

the applicable provisions of this part.

Subpart B—Definitions

§ 434.201 Definitions.

For the purposes of this part, the

following terms, phrases, and words

shall be defined as provided:

Accessible (as applied to equipment):

Admitting close approach; not guarded

by locked doors, elevations, or other

effective means. (See also ‘‘readily

accessible’’)

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency

(AFUE): The ratio of annual output

energy to annual input energy that

includes any non-heating season pilot

input loss.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40895

Area of the space (A): The horizontal

lighted area of a given space measured

from the inside of the perimeter walls or

partitions, at the height of the working

surface.

Automatic: Self-acting, operating by

its own mechanism when actuated by

some impersonal influence, such as a

change in current strength, pressure,

temperature, or mechanical

configuration. (See also ‘‘manual’’)

Automatic flue damper device: An

electrically operated device, in the flue

outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of

the draft hood of an individual

automatically operated gas-fired

appliance, which is designed to

automatically open the flue outlet

during appliance operation and to

automatically close off the flue outlet

when the appliance is in a standby

condition.

Automatic vent damper device: A

device intended for installation in the

venting system, in the outlet of or

downstream of the appliance draft hood,

of an individual automatically operated

gas-fired appliance, which is designed

to automatically open the venting

system when the appliance is in

operation and to automatically close off

the venting system when the appliance

is in a standby or shutdown condition.

(1) Electrically operated: an automatic

vent damper device that employs

electrical energy to control the device.

(2) Thermally actuated: an automatic

vent damper device dependent for

operation exclusively upon the direct

conversion of the thermal energy of the

vent gases into mechanical energy.

Boiler capacity: The rated heat output

of the boiler, in Btu/h, at the design

inlet and outlet conditions and rated

fuel ro energy input.

Building Code: means a legal

instrument which is in effect in a state

or unit of general purpose local

government, the provisions of which

must be adhered to if a building is to be

considered to be in conformance with

law and suitable for occupancy and use.

Building envelope: The elements of a

building that enclose conditioned

spaces through which thermal energy

may be transferred to or from the

exterior or to or from unconditioned

spaces.

Check metering: Measurement

instrumentation for the supplementary

monitoring of energy consumption

(electric, gas, oil, etc) to isolate the

various categories of energy use to

permit conservation and control, in

addition to the revenue metering

furnished by the utility.

Coefficient of performance (COP)—

Cooling: The ratio of the rate of heat

removal to the rate of energy input, in

consistent units, for a complete cooling

system or factory assembled equipment,

as tested under a nationally recognized

standard or designated operating

conditions.

Coefficient of performance (COP),

heat pump—Heating: The ratio of the

rate of heat delivered to the rate of

energy input, in consistent units, for a

complete heat pump system under

designated operating conditions.

Commercial building: A building

other than a residential building,

including any building developed for

industrial or public purposes. Including

but not limited to occupancies for

assembly, business, education,

institutions, food sales and service,

merchants, and storage.

Conditioned floor area: The area of

the conditioned space measured at floor

level from the interior surfaces of the

walls.

Conditioned space: A cooled space,

heated space, or indirectly conditioned

space.

Cooled space: An enclosed space

within a building that is cooled by a

cooling system whose sensible capacity:

(1) Exceeds 5 Btu/(h•ft 2); or

(2) Is capable of maintaining a space

dry bulb temperature of 90°F or less at

design cooling conditions.

Daylight sensing control (DS): A

device that automatically regulates the

power input to electric lighting near the

fenestration to maintain the desired

workplace illumination, thus taking

advantage of direct or indirect sunlight.

Daylighted space: The space bounded

by vertical planes rising from the

boundaries of the daylighted area on the

floor to the floor or roof above.

Daylighted zone:

(1) Under skylights: the area under

each skylight whose horizontal

dimension in each direction is equal to

the skylight dimension in that direction

plus either the floor-to- ceiling height or

the dimension to an opaque partition, or

one-half the distance to an adjacent

skylight or vertical glazing, whichever is

least.

(2) At vertical glazing: the area

adjacent to vertical glazing that receives

daylighting from the glazing. For

purposes of this definition and unless

more detailed daylighting analysis is

provided, the daylighting zone depth is

assumed to extend into the space a

distance of 15 ft or to the nearest opaque

partition, whichever is less. The

daylighting zone width is assumed to be

the width of the window plus either 2

ft on each side, the distance to an

opaque partition, or one half the

distance to an adjacent skylight or

vertical glazing, whichever is least.

Dead band (dead zone): The range of

values within which an input variable

that can be varied without initiating any

noticeable change in the output

variable.

Degree-day, cooling: A unit, based

upon temperature difference and time,

used in estimating cooling energy

consumption. For any one day, when

the mean temperature is more than a

reference temperature, typically 65°F,

there are as many degree-days as

degrees Fahrenheit temperature

difference between the mean

temperature for the day and the

reference temperature. Annual cooling

degree-days (CDD) are the sum of the

degree-days over a calendar year.

Degree-day, heating: A unit, based

upon temperature difference and time,

used in estimating heating energy

consumption. For any one day, when

the mean temperature is less than a

reference temperature, typically 65°F,

there are as many degree-days as

degrees Fahrenheit temperature

difference between the mean

temperature for the day and the

reference temperature. Annual heating

degree days (HDD) are the sum of the

degree-days over a calendar year.

Dwelling unit: A single housekeeping

unit comprised of one or more rooms

providing complete independent living

facilities for one or more persons,

including permanent provisions for

living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and

sanitation.

Economizer, air: A ducting

arrangement and automatic control

system that allows a cooling supply fan

system to supply outdoor (outside) air to

reduce or eliminate the need for

mechanical refrigeration during mild or

cold weather.

Economizer, water: A system by

which the supply air of a cooling system

is cooled directly or indirectly or both

by evaporation of water or by other

appropriate fluid in order to reduce or

eliminate the need for mechanical

refrigeration.

Efficiency, HVAC system: The ratio of

the useful energy output, at the point of

use to the energy input in consistent

units, for a designated time period,

expressed in percent.

Emergency system (back-up system):

A system that exists for the purpose of

operating in the event of failure of a

primary system. Emergency use:

Electrical and lighting systems required

to supply power automatically for

illumination and equipment in the

event of a failure of the normal power

supply.

Energy efficiency ratio (EER): The

ratio of net equipment cooling capacity

in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in
40896 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

watts under designated operating

conditions. When consistent units are

used, this ratio becomes equal to COP.

(See also ‘‘coefficient of performance’’.)

Fan system energy demand: The sum

of the demand of all fans that are

required to operate at design conditions

to supply air from the heating or cooling

source to the conditioned space(s) and

return it back to the source or exhaust

it to the outdoors.

Federal Agency: Means any

department, agency, corporation, or

other entity or instrumentality of the

executive branch of the Federal

government, including the United States

Postal Service, the Federal National

Mortgage Association, and the Federal

Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.

Federal Building: Means any building

to be constructed by, or for the use of,

any Federal Agency which is not legally

subject to State or local building codes

or similar requirements.

Fenestration: Any light-transmitting

section in a building wall or roof. The

fenestration includes glazing material

(which may be glass or plastic), framing

(mullions, muntins, and dividers),

external shading devices, internal

shading devices, and integral (between

glass) shading devices.

Fenestration area: The total area of

fenestration measured using the rough

opening and including the glass or

plastic, sash, and frame.

Flue damper: A device, in the flue

outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of

the draft hood of an individual

automatically operated gas-fired

appliance, which is designed to

automatically open the flue outlet

during appliance operation and to

automatically close off the flue outlet

when the appliance is in a standby

condition.

Gross floor area: The sum of the floor

areas of the conditioned spaces within

the building, including basements,

mezzanine and intermediate-floor tiers,

and penthouses of headroom height 7.5

ft or greater. It is measured from the

exterior faces of exterior walls or from

the centerline of walls separating

buildings (excluding covered walkways,

open roofed-over areas, porches and

similar spaces, pipe trenches, exterior

terraces or steps, chimneys, roof

overhangs, and similar features).

Gross lighted area (GLA): The sum of

the total lighted areas of a building

measured from the inside of the

perimeter walls for each floor of the

building.

Heat capacity (HC): The amount of

heat necessary to raise the temperature

of a given mass 1°F. Numerically, the

mass expressed per unit of wall surface

multiplied by the specific heat Btu/

(ft2•°F).

Heat trap: Device or piping

arrangement that effectively restricts the

natural tendency of hot water to rise in

vertical pipes during standby periods.

Examples are the U-shaped arrangement

of elbows or a 360-degree loop of tubing.

Heated space: An enclosed space

within a building that is heated by a

heating system whose output capacity

(1) Exceeds 10 Btu/(h•ft2), or

(2) Is capable of maintaining a space

dry-bulb temperature of 50°F or more at

design heating conditions.

Heating seasonal performance factor

(HSPF): The total heating output of a

heat pump during its normal annual

usage period for heating, in Btu, divided

by the total electric energy input during

the same period, in watt-hours.

High rise residential building: Hotels,

motels, apartments, condominiums,

dormitories, barracks, and other

residential-type facilities that provide

complete housekeeping or transient

living quarters and are over three stories

in height above grade.

Humidistat: An automatic control

device responsive to changes in

humidity.

HVAC system: The equipment,

distribution network, and terminals that

provide either collectively or

individually the processes of heating,

ventilating, or air conditioning to a

building.

Indirectly conditioned space: An

enclosed space within the building that

is not a heated or cooled space, whose

area-weighted heat transfer coefficient

to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that

to the outdoors or to unconditioned

spaces; or through which air from

heated or cooled spaces is transferred at

a rate exceeding three air changes per

hour. (See also ‘‘heated space’’, ‘‘cooled

space’’, and ‘‘unconditioned space’’.)

Infiltration: The uncontrolled inward

air leakage through cracks and crevices

in any building element and around

windows and doors of a building.

Integrated part-load value (IPLV): A

single-number figure of merit based on

part-load EER or COP expressing partload efficiency for air-conditioning and

heat pump equipment on the basis of

weighted operation at various load

capacities for the equipment.

Lumen maintenance control: A device

that senses the illumination level and

causes an increase or decrease of

illuminance to maintain a preset

illumination level.

Manual: Action requiring personal

intervention for its control. As applied

to an electric controller, manual control

does not necessarily imply a manual

controller but only that personal

intervention is necessary. (See

automatic.)

Marked rating: The design load

operating conditions of a device as

shown by the manufacturer on the

nameplate or otherwise marked on the

device.

Multi-family high rise residential: A

residential building containing three or

more dwelling units and is designed to

be 3 or more stories above grade.

Occupancy sensor: A device that

detects the presence or absence of

people within an area and causes any

combination of lighting, equipment, or

appliances to be adjusted accordingly.

Opaque areas: All exposed areas of a

building envelope that enclose

conditioned space except fenestration

areas and building service openings

such as vents and grilles.

Orientation: The directional

placement of a building on a building

site with reference to the building’s

longest horizontal axis or, if there is no

longest horizontal axis, then with

reference to the designated main

entrance.

Outdoor air: Air taken from the

exterior of the building that has not

been previously circulated through the

building. (See ‘‘ventilation air’’)

Ozone depletion factor: A relative

measure of the potency of chemicals in

depleting stratospheric ozone. The

ozone depletion factor potential

depends upon the chlorine and the

bromine content and atmospheric

lifetime of the chemical. The depletion

factor potential is normalized such that

the factor for CFC–11 is set equal to

unity and the factors for the other

chemicals indicate their potential

relative to CFC–11.

Packaged terminal air conditioner

(PTAC): A factory-selected wall sleeve

and separate unencased combination of

heating and cooling components,

assemblies, or sections (intended for

mounting through the wall to serve a

single room or zone). It includes heating

capability by hot water, steam, or

electricity.

Packaged terminal heat pump: A

PTAC capable of using the refrigeration

system in a reverse cycle or heat pump

mode to provide heat.

Plenum: An enclosure that is part of

the air-handling system and is

distinguished by having a very low air

velocity. A plenum often is formed in

part or in total by portions of the

building.

Private driveways, walkways, and

parking lots: Exterior transit areas that

are associated with a commercial or

residential building and intended for

use solely by the employees or tenants

and not by the general public.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40897

Process energy: Energy consumed in

support of a manufacturing, industrial,

or commercial process other than the

maintenance of comfort and amenities

for the occupants of a building.

Process load: The calculated or

measured time-integrated load on a

building resulting from the

consumption or release of process

energy.

Programmable: Capable of being

preset to certain conditions and having

self-initiation to change to those

conditions.

Projection factor: The exterior

horizontal shading projection depth

divided by the sum of the height of the

fenestration and the distance from the

top of the fenestration to the bottom of

the external shading projection in units

consistent with the projection depth.

Prototype building: A generic building

design of the same size and occupancy

type as the proposed design that

complies with the prescriptive

requirements of Subpart D and has

prescribed assumptions used to generate

the energy budget concerning shape,

orientation, and HVAC and other system

designs.

Public driveways, walkways, and

parking lots: Exterior transit areas that

are intended for use by the general

public.

Public facility restroom: A restroom

used by the transient public.

Readily accessible: Capable of being

reached quickly for operation, renewal,

or inspections without requiring those

to whom ready access is requisite to

climb over or remove obstacles or to

resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc.

(See also accessible.)

Recooling: Lowering the temperature

of air that has been previously heated by

a heating system.

Reference building: A specific

building design that has the same form,

orientation, and basic systems as the

prospective design that is to be

evaluated for compliance and meets all

the criteria listed in subsection 501.2 or

subsection 601.2.

Reheating: Raising the temperature of

air that has been previously cooled

either by refrigeration or an economizer

system.

Reset: Adjustment of the controller

setpoint to a higher or lower value

automatically or manually.

Roof: Those portions of the building

envelope, including all opaque surfaces,

fenestration, doors, and hatches, that are

above conditioned space and are

horizontal or tilted at less than 60° from

horizontal. (See also ‘‘walls’’)

Room air conditioner: An encased

assembly designed as a unit to be

mounted in a window or through a wall

or as a console. It is designed primarily

to provide free delivery of conditioned

air to an enclosed space, room, or zone.

It includes a prime source of

refrigeration for cooling and

dehumidification and means for

circulating and cleaning air and may

also include means for ventilating and

heating.

Seasonal energy efficiency ratio

(SEER): The total cooling output of an

air conditioner during its normal annual

usage period for cooling, in Btu, divided

by the total electric energy input during

the same period, in watt-hours.

Service systems: All energy-using or

energy-distributing components in a

building that are operated to support the

occupant or process functions housed

therein (including HVAC, service water

heating, illumination, transportation,

cooking or food preparation, laundering,

or similar functions).

Service water heating: The supply of

hot water for purposes other than

comfort heating and process

requirements.

Shading coefficient (SC): The ratio of

solar heat gain through fenestration,

with or without integral shading

devices, to that occurring through

unshaded 1⁄8-in-thick clear doublestrength glass.

Shell Building: A building for which

the envelope is designed, constructed,

or both prior to knowing the occupancy

type. (See also ‘‘speculative building’’)

Single-Line Diagram: A simplified

schematic drawing that shows the

connection between two or more items.

Common multiple connections are

shown as one line.

Skylight: Glazing that is horizontal or

tilted less than 60° from horizontal.

Solar energy source: Natural

daylighting or thermal, chemical, or

electrical energy derived from direct

conversion of incident solar radiation at

the building site.

Speculative building: A building for

which the envelope is designed,

constructed, or both prior to the design

of the lighting, HVAC systems, or both.

A speculative building differs from a

shell building in that the intended

occupancy is known for the speculative

building. (See also ‘‘shell building’’)

System: A combination of equipment

and/or controls, accessories,

interconnecting means, and terminal

elements by which energy is

transformed so as to perform a specific

function, such as HVAC, service water

heating, or illumination.

Tandem wiring: Pairs of luminaries

operating with lamps in each luminaire

powered from a single ballast contained

in one of the luminaires.

Task lighting: Lighting that provides

illumination for specific functions and

is directed to a specific surface or area.

Task location: An area of the space

where significant visual functions are

performed and where lighting is

required above and beyond that

required for general ambient use.

Terminal element: A device by which

the transformed energy from a system is

finally delivered. Examples include

registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, and

faucets.

Terminal conductance (C): The

constant time rate of heat flow through

the unit area of a body induced by a unit

temperature difference between the

surfaces, expressed in Btu/(h•ft2•°F). It

is the reciprocal of thermal resistance.

(See ‘‘thermal resistance’’)

Thermal mass: Materials with mass

heat capacity and surface area capable

of affecting building loads by storing

and releasing heat as the interior or

exterior temperature and radiant

conditions fluctuate. (See also ‘‘heat

capacity’’ and ‘‘wall heat capacity’’)

Thermal mass wall insulation

position:

(1) Exterior insulation position: a wall

having all or nearly all of its mass

exposed to the room air with the

insulation on the exterior of that mass.

(2) Integral insulation position: a wall

having mass exposed to both room and

outside (outside) air with substantially

equal amounts of mass on the inside

and outside of the insulation layer.

(3) Interior insulation position: a wall

not meeting either of the above

definitions, particularly a wall having

most of its mass external to an

insulation layer.

Thermal resistance (R): The reciprocal

of thermal conductance 1/C, 1/H, 1/U;

expressed in (h•ft 2•°F)/Btu.

Thermal transmittance (U): The

overall coefficient of heat transfer from

air to air. It is the time rate of heat flow

per unit area under steady conditions

from the fluid on the warm side of the

barrier to the fluid on the cold side, per

unit temperature difference between the

two fluids, expressed in Btu/(h•ft 2•°F).

Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo):

The gross overall (area weighted

average) coefficient of heat transfer from

air to air for a gross area of the building

envelope, Btu/(h•ft 2•°F). The Uo value

applies to the combined effect of the

time rate of heat flows through the

various parallel paths, such as windows,

doors, and opaque construction areas,

composing the gross area of one or more

building envelope components, such as

walls, floors, and roof or ceiling.

Thermostat: An automatic control

device responsive to temperature.
40898 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

Unconditioned space: Space within a

building that is not a conditioned space.

(See ‘‘conditioned space’’)

Unitary cooling equipment: One or

more factory-made assemblies that

normally include an evaporator or

cooling coil, a compressor, and a

condenser combination (and may also

include a heating function).

Unitary heat pump: One or more

factory-made assemblies that normally

include an indoor conditioning coil,

compressor(s), and outdoor coil or

refrigerant-to-water heater exchanger,

including means to provide both heating

and cooling functions.

Variable-air-volume (VAV) HVAC

system: HVAC systems that control the

dry-bulb temperature within a space by

varying the volume of heated or cooled

supply air to the space.

Vent damper: A device intended for

installation in the venting system, in the

outlet of or downstream of the appliance

draft hood, of an individual

automatically operating gas-fired

appliance, which is designed to

automatically open the venting system

when the appliance is in operation and

to automatically close off the venting

system when the appliance is in a

standby or shutdown condition.

Ventilation: The process of supplying

or removing air by natural or

mechanical means to or from any space.

Such air may or may not have been

conditioned.

Ventilation air: That portion of supply

air which comes from the outside, plus

any recirculated air, to maintain the

desired quality of air within a

designated space. (See also ‘‘outdoor

air’’)

Visible light transmittance (VLT): The

fraction of solar radiation in the visible

light spectrum that passes through the

fenestration (window, clerestory, or

skylight).

Walls: Those portions of the building

envelope enclosing conditioned space,

including all opaque surfaces,

fenestration, and doors, which are

vertical or tilted at an angle of 60° from

horizontal or greater. (See also ‘‘roof’’)

Wall heat capacity: The sum of the

products of the mass of each individual

material in the wall per unit area of wall

surface times its individual specific

heat, expressed in Btu/(ft2•°F). (See’’

thermal mass’’)

Window to wall ratio (WWR): The

ratio of the wall fenestration area to the

gross exterior wall area.

Zone: A space or group of spaces

within a building with any combination

of heating, cooling, or lighting

requirements sufficiently similar so that

desired conditions can be maintained

throughout by a single controlling

device.

Subpart C—Design Conditions

§ 434.301 Design criteria.

301.1 The following design

parameters shall be used for

calculations required under subpart D of

this part.

301.1.1 Exterior Design Conditions.

Exterior Design Conditions shall be

expressed in accordance with Table

301.1.

TABLE 301.1.—Exterior Design Conditions

Winter Design Dry-Bulb (99%) ......................................................................................................................... .................... Degrees F.

Summer Design Dry-Bulb (2.5%) ..................................................................................................................... .................... Degrees F.

Mean Coincident Wet-Bulb (2.5%) ................................................................................................................... .................... Degrees F.

Degree-Days, Heating (Base 65) ..................................................................................................................... .................... HDD Base 65 °F.

Degree-Days, Cooling (Base 65) ..................................................................................................................... .................... CDD Base 65 °F.

Annual Operating Hours, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. when 55° f≤T≤69°F ...................................................................... .................... Hours.

[The exterior design conditions shall be added to Table 301.1 from the city-specific Shading Coefficient table from the Example Alternate Component Package Table. Copies of specific tables contained in Appendix A can be obtained from the Energy Code for Federal Commercial Buildings, Docket No. EE–RM–79–112–C, Buildings Division, EE–432, Office of Codes and Standards, U.S. Department of Energy, Room 1J–018,

1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585, (202) 586–0517. Adjustments may be made to reflect local climates which differ

from the tabulated temperatures or local weather experience as determined by the building official. Where local building site climatic data are

not available, climate data from a nearby location included in RS–1, Appendix C, and RS–4 Chapter 24, Table 1, shall be used as determined

by the building official.]

301.2 Indoor Design Conditions.

Indoor design temperature and

humidity conditions shall be in

accordance with the comfort criteria in

RS–2, except that humidification and

dehumidification are not required.

Subpart D—Building Design

Requirements—Electric Systems and

Equipment

§ 434.401 Electrical power and lighting

systems.

Electrical power and lighting systems,

other than those systems or portions

thereof required for emergency use only,

shall meet these requirements.

401.1 Electrical Distribution

Systems.

401.1.1 Check Metering. Singletenant buildings with a service over 250

kVA and tenant spaces with a connected

load over 100 kVA in multiple-tenant

buildings shall have provisions for

check metering of electrical

consumption. The electrical power

feeders for which provision for check

metering is required shall be subdivided

as follows:

401.1.1.1 Lighting and receptacle

outlets

401.1.1.2 HVAC systems and

equipment

401.1.1.3 Service water heating

(SWH), elevators, and special occupant

equipment or systems of more than 20

kW.

401.1.1.4 Exception to 401.1.1.1

through 401.1.1.3: 10 percent or less of

the loads on a feeder may be from

another usage or category.

401.1.2 Tenant-shared HVAC and

service hot water systems in multiple

tenant buildings shall have provision to

be separately check metered.

401.1.3 Subdivided feeders shall

contain provisions for portable or

permanent check metering. The

minimum acceptable arrangement for

compliance shall provide a safe method

for access by qualified persons to the

enclosures through which feeder

conductors pass and provide sufficient

space to attach clamp-on or split core

current transformers. These enclosures

may be separate compartments or

combined spaces with electrical

cabinets serving another function.

Dedicated enclosures so furnished shall

be identified as to measuring function

available.

401.1.4 Electrical Schematic. The

person responsible for installing the

electrical distribution system shall

provide the Federal building manager a

single-line diagram of the record

drawing for the electrical distribution

system, which includes the location of

check metering access, schematic

diagrams of non-HVAC electrical

control systems, and electrical

equipment manufacturer’s operating

and maintenance literature.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40899

401.2 Electric Motors. All

permanently wired polyphase motors of

1 hp or more shall meet these

requirements:

401.2.1 Efficiency. National

Electrical Manufacturers Association

(NEMA) design A & B squirrel-cage,

foot-mounted, T-frame induction motors

having synchronous speeds of 3600,

1800, 1200, and 900 rpm, expected to

operate more than 1000 hours per year

shall have a nominal full-load efficiency

no less than that shown in Table 401.2.1

or shall be classified as an ‘‘energy

efficient motor’’ in accordance with RS–

3. The following are not covered:

(a) Multispeed motors used in systems

designed to use more than one speed.

(b) Motors used as a component of the

equipment meeting the minimum

equipment efficiency requirements of

subsection 403, provided that the motor

input is included when determining the

equipment efficiency.

Table 401.2.1.—MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE NOMINAL FULL-LOAD EFFICIENCY FOR SINGLE-SPEED POLYPHASE SQUIRRELCAGE INDUCTION MOTORS HAVING SYNCHRONOUS SPEEDS OF 3600, 1800, 1200 AND 900 RPM 1

HP

2–Pole 4–Pole 6–Pole 8–Pole

Nominal efficiencyMinimum efficiencyNominal efficiencyMinimum efficiencyNominal efficiencyMinimum efficiencyNominal efficiencyMinimum efficiency

Full-Load Efficiencies—Open Motors

1.0 .................................. .................... .................... 82.5 81.5 80.0 78.5 74.0 72.0

1.5 .................................. 82.5 81.5 84.0 82.5 84.0 82.5 75.5 74.0

2.0 .................................. 84.0 82.5 84.0 82.5 85.5 84.0 85.5 84.0

3.0 .................................. 84.0 82.5 86.5 85.5 86.5 85.5 86.5 85.5

5.0 .................................. 85.5 84.0 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.0

7.5 .................................. 87.5 86.5 88.5 87.5 88.5 87.5 88.5 87.5

10.0 .................................. 88.5 87.5 89.5 88.5 90.2 89.5 89.5 88.5

15.0 .................................. 89.5 88.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5 89.5 88.5

20.0 .................................. 90.2 89.5 91.0 90.2 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5

25.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 91.7 91.0 91.7 91.0 90.2 89.5

30.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 92.4 91.7 92.4 91.7 91.7 90.2

40.0 .................................. 91.7 91.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.0 90.2

50.0 .................................. 92.4 91.7 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.7 91.0

60.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.0 92.4 91.7

75.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.0

100.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 94.1 93.6 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0

125.0 .................................. 93.6 93.0 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0

150.0 .................................. 93.6 93.0 95.0 94.5 94.5 94.1 93.6 93.0

200.0 .................................. 94.5 94.1 95.0 94.5 94.5 94.1 93.6 93.0

Full-Load Efficiencies—Enclosed Motors

1.0 .................................. 75.5 74.5 82.5 81.5 80.0 78.5 74.0 72.0

1.5 .................................. 82.5 81.5 84.0 82.5 85.5 84.0 77.0 75.5

2.0 .................................. 84.0 82.5 84.5 82.5 86.5 85.5 82.5 81.5

3.0 .................................. 85.5 84.0 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 84.0 82.5

5.0 .................................. 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 87.5 86.5 85.5 84.0

7.5 .................................. 88.5 87.5 89.5 88.5 89.5 88.5 85.5 84.0

10.0 .................................. 89.5 88.5 89.5 88.5 89.5 88.5 88.5 87.5

15.0 .................................. 90.2 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5 88.5 87.5

20.0 .................................. 90.2 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 89.5 89.5 88.5

25.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 92.4 91.7 91.7 91.0 89.5 88.5

30.0 .................................. 91.0 90.2 92.4 91.7 91.7 91.0 91.0 90.2

40.0 .................................. 91.7 91.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.0 90.2

50.0 .................................. 92.4 91.7 93.0 92.4 93.0 92.4 91.7 91.0

60.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 93.6 93.0 93.6 93.0 91.7 91.0

75.0 .................................. 93.0 92.4 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0 93.0 92.4

100.0 .................................. 93.6 93.0 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.6 93.0 92.4

125.0 .................................. 94.5 94.1 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.6 93.6 93.0

150.0 .................................. 94.5 94.1 95.0 94.5 94.5 94.1 94.1 93.0

200.0 .................................. 95.0 94.5 95.0 94.5 95.0 94.5 94.1 93.6

1For many applications, efficiencies greater than those listed are likely to be cost-effective. Guidance for evaluating the cost effectiveness of

energy efficient motor applications is given in RS–43 and RS–44.

401.3 Lighting Power Allowance. The lighting system shall meet the provisions of subsections 401.3.1 through

401.3.5. As an alternative to subsections 401.3.1 and 401.3.2, the Lighting Compliance Calculation Computer Program

(LTGSTD21) found in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1–1989 for the building or facility may be used to determine the lighting

power for the building or facility.

401.3.1 Building Exteriors. The total connected exterior lighting power for the building, or a facility containing

multiple buildings, shall not exceed the total exterior lighting power allowance, which is the sum of the individual

allowances determined from Table 401.3.1. The individual allowances are determined by multiplying the specific area

or length of each area description times the allowance for that area. Exceptions are as follows: Lighting for outdoor

manufacturing or processing facilities, commercial greenhouses, outdoor athletic facilities, public monuments, designated

high-risk security areas, signs, retail storefronts, exterior enclosed display windows, and lighting specifically required

by local ordinances and regulations.
40900 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 401.3.1—Exterior Lighting Power Allowance

Area Description Allowance

Exit (with or without canopy) ................................................................................................................................. 25 W/lin ft of door opening.

Entrance (without canopy) ..................................................................................................................................... 30 W/lin ft of door opening.

Entrance (with canopy):

High Traffic (retail, hotel, airport, theater, etc.) .............................................................................................. 10 W/ft 2 of canopied area.

Light Traffic (hospital, office, school, etc.) ...................................................................................................... 4 W/ft 2 of canopied area.

Loading area .......................................................................................................................................................... 0.40 W/ft 2.

Loading door .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 W/lin ft 2 of door opening.

Building exterior surfaces/facades ......................................................................................................................... 0.25 W/ft 2 of surface area to be

illuminated.

Storage and non-manufacturing work areas ......................................................................................................... 0.20 W/ft 2.

Other activity areas for casual use such as picnic grounds, gardens, parks, and other landscaped areas ........ 0.10 W/ft 2.

Private driveways/walkways .................................................................................................................................. 0.10 W/ft 2.

Public driveways/walkways .................................................................................................................................... 0.15 W/ft 2

Private parking lots ................................................................................................................................................ 0.12 W/ft 2.

Public parking lots .................................................................................................................................................. 0.18 W/ft 2

401.3.1.1 Trade-offs of exterior

lighting budgets among exterior areas

shall be allowed provided the total

connected lighting power of the exterior

area does not exceed the exterior

lighting power allowance. Trade-offs

between interior lighting power

allowances and exterior lighting power

allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2 Building interiors. The total

connected interior lighting power for a

building, including adjustments in

accordance with subsection 401.3.3,

shall not exceed the total interior

lighting power allowance explained in

this paragraph. Using Table 401.3.2a,

multiply the interior lighting power

allowance value by the gross lighted

area of the most appropriate building or

space activity. For multi-use buildings,

using Table 401.3.2a, select the interior

power allowance value for each activity

using the column for the gross lighted

area of the whole building and multiply

it by the associated gross area for that

activity. The interior lighting power

allowance is the sum of all the wattages

for each area/activity. Using Table

401.3.2b, c, or d, multiply the interior

lighting power allowance values of each

individual area/activity by the area of

the space and by the area factor from

Figure 401.3.2e, based on the most

appropriate area/activity provided. The

interior lighting power allowance is the

sum of the wattages for each individual

space. Use the Lighting Compliance

Calculation Computer Program

(LTGSTD21) of RS–1. When over 20%

of the building’s tasks or interior areas

are undefined, the most appropriate

value for that building from Table

401.3.2a shall be used for the undefined

spaces. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Lighting power that is an essential

technical element for the function

performed in theatrical, stage,

broadcasting, and similar uses.

(b) Specialized medical, dental, and

research lighting.

(c) Display lighting for exhibits in

galleries, museums, and monuments.

(d) Lighting solely for indoor plant

growth (between the hours of 10:00pm

and 6:00am).

(e) Emergency lighting that is

automatically off during normal

building operation.

(f) High-risk security areas.

(g) Spaces specifically designed for

the primary use by the physically

impaired or aged.

(h) Lighting in dwelling units.

401.3.2.1 Trade-offs of the interior

lighting power budgets among interior

spaces shall be allowed provided the

total connected lighting power within

the building does not exceed the interior

lighting power allowance. Trade-offs

between interior lighting power

allowances and exterior lighting power

allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2.2 Building/Space Activities.

Definitions of buildings/space activity

as they apply to Table 401.3.2a are as

follows. These definitions are necessary

to characterize the activities for which

lighting is provided. They are applicable

only to Table 401.3.2a. They are not

intended to be used elsewhere in place

of building use group definitions

provided in the Building Code. They are

not included in § 434.200,

‘‘Definitions,’’ to avoid confusion with

‘‘Occupancy Type Categories.’’

Food service, fast food, and cafeteria:

This group includes cafeterias,

hamburger and sandwich stores,

bakeries, ice cream parlors, cookie

stores, and all other kinds of retail food

service establishments in which

customers are generally served at a

counter and their direct selections are

paid for and taken to a table or carried

out.

Garages: This category includes all

types of parking garages, except for

service or repair areas.

Leisure dining and bar: This group

includes cafes, diners, bars, lounges,

and similar establishments where orders

are placed with a wait person.

Mall concourse, multi-store service:

This group includes the interior of

multifunctional public spaces, such as

shopping center malls, airports, resort

concourses and malls, entertainment

facilities, and related types of buildings

or spaces.

Offices: This group includes all kinds

of offices, including corporate and

professional offices, office/laboratories,

governmental offices, libraries, and

similar facilities, where paperwork

occurs.

Retail: A retail store, including

departments for the sale of accessories,

clothing, dry goods, electronics, and

toys, and other types of establishments

that display objects for direct selection

and purchase by consumers. Direct

selection means literally removing an

item from display and carrying it to the

checkout or pick-up at a customer

service facility.

Schools: This category, subdivided by

pre-school/elementary, junior high/high

school, and technical/vocational,

includes public and private educational

institutions, for children or adults, and

may also include community centers,

college and university buildings, and

business educational centers.

Service establishment: A retail-like

facility, such as watch repair, real estate

offices, auto and tire service facilities,

parts departments, travel agencies and

similar facilities, in which the customer

obtains services rather than the direct

selection of goods.

Warehouse and storage: This includes

all types of support facilities, such as

warehouses, barns, storage buildings,
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40901

shipping/receiving buildings, boiler or

mechanical buildings, electric power

buildings, and similar buildings where

the primary visual task is large items.

401.3.2.—TABLES AND FIGURES, TABLE 401.3.2a, INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE W/FT2

Building Space Activity1, 2

Gross lighted area of total building

0 to

2,000 ft2

2,001 to

10,000 ft2

10,001 to

25,000 ft2

25,001 to

50,000 ft2

50,001 to

250,000 ft2 >250,000 ft2

Food Service:

Fast Food/Cafeteria ................................................... 1.50 1.38 1.34 1.32 1.31 1.30

Leisure Dining/Bar ..................................................... 2.20 1.91 1.71 1.56 1.46 1.40

Offices ............................................................................... 1.90 1.81 1.72 1.65 1.57 1.50

Retail 3 ............................................................................... 3.30 3.08 2.83 2.50 2.28 2.10

Mall Concourse Multi-store Service .................................. 1.60 1.58 1.52 1.46 1.43 1.40

Service Establishment ...................................................... 2.70 2.37 2.08 1.92 1.80 1.70

Garages ............................................................................ 0.30 0.28 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.20

Schools:

Preschool/Elementary ................................................ 1.80 1.80 1.72 1.65 1.57 1.50

Jr. High/High School .................................................. 1.90 1.90 1.88 1.83 1.76 1.70

Technical/Vocational .................................................. 2.40 2.33 2.17 2.01 1.84 1.70

Warehouse/Storage .......................................................... 0.80 0.66 0.56 0.48 0.43 0.40

1 If at least 10% of the building area is intended for multiple space activities, such as parking, retail, and storage in an office building, then calculate for each separate building type/space activity. 2The values in the categories are building wide allowances which include the listed activity and directly related facilities such as conference

rooms, lobbies, corridors, restrooms, etc. 3 Includes general, merchandising, and display lighting.

TABLE 401.3.2b.—Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Common area/activity UPD W/ft 2

Auditorium 2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.4

Corridor 3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.8

Classroom/Lecture Hall ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2.0

Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room:

General 3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.7

Control Rooms 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1.5

Food Service:

Fast Food/Cafeteria ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Leisure Dining 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1.4

Bar/Lounge 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.5

Kitchen .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.4

Recreation/Lounge ............................................................................................................................................................................... 0.7

Stair:

Active Traffic ................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.6

Emergency Exit ............................................................................................................................................................................. 0.4

Toilet and Washroom ........................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Garage:

Auto & Pedestrian Circulation Area .............................................................................................................................................. 0.3

Parking Area ................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.2

Laboratory ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.2

Library:

Audio Visual .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.1

Stack Area .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1

Card File & Cataloging ................................................................................................................................................................. 0.8

Reading Area ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Lobby (General):

Reception & Waiting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Elevator Lobbies ........................................................................................................................................................................... 0.4

Atrium (Multi-Story):

First 3 Floors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.7

Each Additional Floor ................................................................................................................................................................... 0.2

Locker Room and Shower ................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Office Category 1

Enclosed offices, all open plan offices w/o partitions or w/partitions 6 lower than 4.5 ft below the ceiling:5

Reading, Typing and Filing ........................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Drafting ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.9

Accounting .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6

Office Category 2

Open plan offices 900 ft2 or larger w/partitions 6 3.5 to 4.5 ft below the ceiling. Offices less than 900 ft 2 shall use category 1:3

Reading, Typing and Filing ........................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Drafting ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.0

Accounting .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8
40902 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 401.3.2b.—Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance—Continued

Common area/activity UPD W/ft 2

Office Category 3

Open plan offices 900 ft 2 or larger w/partitions* higher than 3.5 ft below the ceiling. Offices less than 900 ft 2 shall use category

1:3

Reading, Typing and Filing ........................................................................................................................................................... 1.7

Drafting ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.3

Accounting .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.9

Common Activity Areas:

Conference/Meeting Room 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Computer/Office Equipment ................................................................................................................................................................. 1.1

Filing, Inactive ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Mail Room ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.8

Shop (Non-Industrial):

Machinery ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5

Electrical/Electronic ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5

Painting ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6

Carpentry ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.3

Welding ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2

Storage & Warehouse:

Inactive Storage ............................................................................................................................................................................ 0.2

Active Storage, Bulky ................................................................................................................................................................... 0.3

Active Storage, Fine ..................................................................................................................................................................... 0.9

Material Handling .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Unlisted Space ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.2

1 Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

2A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed

that has installed power ≤33% of the adjusted lighting power for that space. 3Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaced.

4 UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purposes.

5Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

TABLE 401.3.2c.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE

Specific building area/activity 1 UPD W/ft 2

Airport, Bus and Rail Station:

Baggage Area ............................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Concourse/Main Thruway ............................................................................................................................................................. 0.9

Ticket Counter .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.0

Waiting & Lounge Area ................................................................................................................................................................ 0.8

Bank:

Customer Area .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1.0

Banking Activity Area .................................................................................................................................................................... 2.2

Barber & Beauty Parlor ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1.6

Church, Synagogue, Chapel:

Worship/Congregational ............................................................................................................................................................... 1.7

Preaching & Sermon/Choir ........................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Dormitory:

Bedroom ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Bedroom w/Study ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Study Hall ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2

Fire & Police Department:

Fire Engine Room ......................................................................................................................................................................... 0.7

Jail Cell ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Hospital/Nursing Home:

Corridor 5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Dental Suite/Examination/Treatment ............................................................................................................................................ 1.6

Emergency .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.0

Laboratory ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.7

Lounge/Waiting Room .................................................................................................................................................................. 0.9

Medical Supplies ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2.4

Nursery ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6

Nurse Station ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.8

Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy ...................................................................................................................................... 1.4

Patient Room ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.2

Pharmacy ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Radiology ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Surgical & OB Suites .................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

General Area ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6.0

Operating Room ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2.0

Recovery ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.0

Hotel/Conference Center:

Banquet Room/Multipurpose 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 1.7
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40903

TABLE 401.3.2c.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE—Continued

Specific building area/activity 1 UPD W/ft 2

Bathroom/Powder Room .............................................................................................................................................................. 1.2

Guest Room .................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.9

Public Area ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Exhibition Hall ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1.8

Conference/Meeting 3 ................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Lobby ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.5

Reception Desk ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2.4

Laundry:

Washing ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 0.9

Ironing & Sorting ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Museum & Gallery:

General Exhibition ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1.9

Inspection/Restoration .................................................................................................................................................................. 3.0

Storage (Artifacts):

Inactive .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.6

Active ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 0.7

Post Office:

Lobby ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Sorting and Mailing ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.1

Service Station/Auto Repair ................................................................................................................................................................. 0.8

Theater:

Performance Arts .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Motion Picture ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Lobby ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.3

Retail Establishments—Merchandising and Circulation Area (Applicable to all lighting, including accent and display

lighting, installed in merchandising and circulation areas)

Type 1: Jewelry merchandising, where minute examination of displayed merchandise is critical ..................................................... 5.6

Type 2: Fine merchandising, such as fine apparel and accessories, china, crystal, and silver art galleries and where the detailed

display and examination of merchandising is important .................................................................................................................. 2.9

Type 3: Mass merchandising, such as general apparel, variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a warehouse type of building, where focused display and detailed examination of merchandise is important ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.7

Type 4: General merchandising, such as general apparel, variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby materials,

cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a department store type of building, where general display and examination of merchandise is adequate ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2.3

Type 5: Food and miscellaneous such as bakeries, hardware and housewares, grocery stores, appliance and furniture stores,

where pleasant appearance is important .........................................................................................................................................

Type 6: Service establishments, where functional performance is important ..................................................................................... 2.4

Mall Concourse

Retail Support Areas

Tailoring

Dressing/Fitting Rooms

2.6

1.4

2.1

1.1

1 Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

2A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed

that has installed power 33% of the adjusted lighting power for that space. 3Area factor or 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.

4 UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purpose.

5Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

6 Not less than 90 percent of all work stations shall be individually enclosed with partitions of at least the height described.

TABLE 401.3.2d.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE

Indoor athletic area/activity 3, 6 UPD W/ft 2

Seating Area, All Sports ...................................................................................................................................................................... 0.4

Badminton:

Club ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.5

Tournament ................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

Basketball/Volleyball:

Intramural ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.8

College .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Professional .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1.9

Bowling:

Approach Area .............................................................................................................................................................................. 0.5

Lanes ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.1

Boxing or Wrestling (platform):

Amateur ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.4
40904 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 401.3.2d.—UNIT INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCE—Continued

Indoor athletic area/activity 3, 6 UPD W/ft 2

Professional .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4.8

Gymnasium:

General Exercising and Recreation Only ..................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Handball/Racquetball/Squash:

Club ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.3

Tournament ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.6

Hockey, Ice:

Amateur ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.3

College or Professional ................................................................................................................................................................ 2.6

Skating Rink:

Recreational .................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.6

Exhibition/Professional .................................................................................................................................................................. 2.6

Swimming:

Recreational .................................................................................................................................................................................. 0.9

Exhibition ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5

Underwater ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Tennis:

Recreational (Class III) ................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3

Club/College (Class II) .................................................................................................................................................................. 1.9

Professional (Class I) ................................................................................................................................................................... 2.6

Tennis, Table:

Club ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.0

Tournament ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6

1 Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

2A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed

that has installed power ≤33% of the adjusted lighting power for that space. 3Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.

4 UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purpose.

5Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

6 Consider as 10 ft. beyond playing boundaries but less than or equal to the total floor area of the sports space minus spectator seating area.

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40905

Billing Code 6450–01–C

401.3.3 Lighting Power Control

Credits. The interior connected lighting

power determined in accordance with

§ 434.401.3.2 can be decreased for

luminaries that are automatically

controlled for occupancy, daylight,

lumen maintenance, or programmable

timing. The adjusted interior connected

lighting power shall be determined by

subtracting the sum of all lighting power

control credits from the interior

connected lighting power. Using Table

401.3.3, the lighting power control

credit equals the power adjustment

factor times the connected lighting

power of the controlled lighting. The

lighting power adjustment shall be

applied with the following limitations:

(a) It is limited to the specific area

controlled by the automatic control

device.

(b) Only one lighting power

adjustment may be used for each

building space or luminaire, and 50

percent or more of the controlled

luminaire shall be within the applicable

space.

(c) Controls shall be installed in series

with the lights and in series with all

manual switching devices.

(d) When sufficient daylight is

available, daylight sensing controls shall

be capable of reducing electrical power

consumption for lighting (continuously

or in steps) to 50 percent or less of

maximum power consumption.

(e) Daylight sensing controls shall

control all luminaires to which the

adjustment is applied and that direct a

minimum of 50 percent of their light

output into the daylight zone.

(f) Programmable timing controls shall

be able to program different schedules

for occupied and unoccupied days, be

readily accessible for temporary

override with automatic return to the

original schedule, and keep time during

power outages for at least four hours.

TABLE 401.3.3.—LIGHTING POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

Automatic control devices PAF

(1) Daylight Sensing controls (DS), continuous dimming .................................................................................................................... 0.30

(2) DS, multiple step dimming ............................................................................................................................................................. 0.20

(3) DS, ON/OFF ................................................................................................................................................................................... 0.10

(4) DS continuous dimming and programmable timing ....................................................................................................................... 0.35

(5) DS multiple step dimming and programmable timing .................................................................................................................... 0.25

(6) DS ON/OFF and programmable timing ......................................................................................................................................... 0.15

(7) DS continuous dimming, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance .................................................................................... 0.40

(8) DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance ................................................................................. 0.30

(9) DS ON/OFF, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance ....................................................................................................... 0.20

(10) Lumen maintenance control ......................................................................................................................................................... 0.10

(11) Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control .............................................................................................................. 0.15

(12) Programmable timing control ....................................................................................................................................................... 0.15
40906 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 401.3.3.—LIGHTING POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORS—Continued

Automatic control devices PAF

(13) Occupancy sensor (OS) ............................................................................................................................................................... 0.30

(14) OS and DS, continuous dimming ................................................................................................................................................. 0.40

(15) OS and DS, multiple-step dimming .............................................................................................................................................. 0.35

(16) OS and DS, ON/OFF ................................................................................................................................................................... 0.35

(17) OS, DS continuous dimming, and lumen maintenance ............................................................................................................... 0.45

(18) OS, DS multiple-step dimming and lumen maintenance ............................................................................................................. 0.40

(19) OS, DS ON/OFF, and lumen maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 0.35

(20) OS and lumen maintenance ........................................................................................................................................................ 0.35

(21) OS and programmable timing control .......................................................................................................................................... 0.35

401.3.4 Lighting Controls

401.3.4.1 Type of Lighting Controls.

All lighting systems shall have controls,

with the exception of emergency use or

exit lighting.

401.3.4.2 Number of Manual

Controls. Spaces enclosed by walls or

ceiling-high partitions shall have a

minimum of one manual control (on/off

switch) for lighting in that space.

Additional manual controls shall be

provided for each task location or for

each group of task locations within an

area of 450 ft2 or less. For spaces with

only one lighting fixture or with a single

ballast, one manual control is required.

Exceptions are as follows:

401.3.4.2.1 Continuous lighting for

security;

401.3.4.2.2 Systems in which

occupancy sensors, local programmable

timers, or three-level (including OFF)

step controls or preset dimming controls

are substituted for manual controls at

the rate of one for every two required

manual controls, providing at least one

control is installed for every 1500 watts

of power.

401.3.4.2.3 Systems in which fourlevel (including OFF) step controls or

preset dimming controls or automatic or

continuous dimming controls are

substituted for manual controls at a rate

of one for every three required manual

controls, providing at least one control

is installed for every 1500 watts of

power.

401.3.4.2.4 Spaces that must be used

as a whole, such as public lobbies, retail

stores, warehouses, and storerooms.

401.3.4.3 Multiple Location

Controls. Manual controls that operate

the same load from multiple locations

must be counted as one manual control.

401.3.4.4 Control Accessibility.

Lighting controls shall be readily

accessible from within the space

controlled. Exceptions are as follows:

Controls for spaces that are be used as

a whole, automatic controls,

programmable controls, controls

requiring trained operators, and controls

for safety hazards and security.

401.3.4.5 Hotel and Motel Guest

Room Control. Hotel and motel guest

rooms and suites shall have at least one

master switch at the main entry door

that controls all permanently wired

lighting fixtures and switched

receptacles excluding bathrooms. The

following exception applies: Where

switches are provided at the entry to

each room of a multiple-room suite.

401.3.4.6 Switching of Exterior

Lighting. Exterior lighting not intended

for 24-hour use shall be automatically

switched by either timer or photocell or

a combination of timer and photocell.

When used, timers shall be capable of

seven-day and seasonal daylight

schedule adjustment and have power

backup for at least four hours.

401.3.5 Ballasts.

401.3.5.1 Tandem Wiring. One-lamp

or three-lamp fluorescent luminaries

that are recess mounted within 10 ft

center-to-center of each other, or

pendant mounted, or surface mounted

within 1 ft of each other, and within the

same room, shall be tandem wired,

unless three-lamp ballasts are used.

401.3.5.2 Power Factor. All ballasts

shall have a power factor of at least

90%, with the exception of dimming

ballasts, and ballasts for circline and

compact fluorescent lamps and low

wattage HID lamps not over 100 W.

§ 434.402 Building envelope assemblies

and materials.

The building envelope and its

associated assemblies and materials

shall meet the provisions of this section.

402.1 Calculations and Supporting

Information.

402.1.1 Material Properties.

Information on thermal properties,

building envelope system performance,

and component heat transfer shall be

obtained from RS–4. When the

information is not available from RS–4,

the data shall be obtained from

manufacturer’s information or

laboratory or field test measurements

using RS–5, RS–6, RS–7, or RS–8.

402.1.1.1 The shading coefficient

(SC) for fenestration shall be obtained

from RS–4 or from manufacturer’s test

data. The shading coefficient of the

fenestration, including both internal and

external shading devices, is SCx and

excludes the effect of external shading

projections, which are calculated

separately. The shading coefficient used

for louvered shade screens shall be

determined using a profile angle of 30

degrees as found in Table 41, Chapter 27

of RS–4.

402.1.2 Thermal Performance

Calculations. The overall thermal

transmittance of the building envelope

shall be calculated in accordance with

Equation 402.1.2:

Uo = ΣUiAi/Ao = (U1A1 + U2A2 + . . . +

UNAN)/A0 (402.1.2)

where:

Uo = the area-weighted average thermal

transmittance of the gross area of

the building envelope; i.e., the

exterior wall assembly including

fenestration and doors, the roof and

ceiling assembly, and the floor

assembly, Btu/(h•ft2•°F)

Ao = the gross area of the building

envelope, ft2

Ui = the thermal transmittance of each

individual path of the building

envelope, i.e., the opaque portion or

the fenestration, Btu/(h•ft2•°F)

Ui = 1/Ri (where Ri is the total resistance

to heat flow of an individual path

through the building envelope)

Ai = the area of each individual element

of the building envelope, ft2

The thermal transmittance of each

component of the building envelope

shall be determined with due

consideration of all major series and

parallel heat flow paths through the

elements of the component and film

coefficients and shall account for any

compression of insulation. The thermal

transmittance of opaque elements of

assemblies shall be determined using a

series path procedure with corrections

for the presence of parallel paths within

an element of the envelope assembly

(such as wall cavities with parallel

paths through insulation and studs).

The thermal performance of adjacent
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40907

ground in below-grade applications

shall be excluded from all thermal

calculations.

402.1.2.1 Envelope Assemblies

Containing Metal Framing. The thermal

transmittance of the envelope assembly

containing metal framing shall be

determined from one of three methods:

(a) Laboratory or field test

measurements based on RS–5, RS–6,

RS–7, or RS–8.

(b) The zone method described in

Chapter 22 of RS–4 and the formulas on

page 22.10.

(c) For metal roof trusses or metal

studs covered by Tables 402.1.2.1a and

b, the total resistance of the series path

shall be calculated in accordance with

the following Equations:

Equation 402.1.2.1a

Ui = 1/Rt

Rt = Ri + Re

where:

Rt = the total resistance of the envelope

assembly

Ri = the resistance of the series elements

(for i = 1 to n) excluding the parallel

path element(s)

Re = the equivalent resistance of the

element containing the parallel path

(R-value of insulation x Fc). Values

for Fc and equivalent resistances

shall be taken from Tables

402.1.2.1a or b.

TABLE 402.1.2.1a.—PARALLEL PATH

CORRECTION FACTORS—METAL

ROOF TRUSSES SPACED 4 FT. O.C.

OR GREATER THAT PENETRATE THE

INSULATION

Effective framing/

cavity R-values

Correction factor

Fc

Equivalent

resistance

Re

1

R–0 ......................... 1.00 R–0

R–5 ......................... 0.96 R–4.8

R–10 ....................... 0.92 R–9.2

R–15 ....................... 0.88 R–13.2

R–20 ....................... 0.85 R–17.0

R–25 ....................... 0.81 R–20.3

R–30 ....................... 0.79 R–23.7

R–35 ....................... 0.76 R–26.6

R–40 ....................... 0.73 R–29.2

R–45 ....................... 0.71 R–32.0

R–50 ....................... 0.69 R–34.5

R–55 ....................... 0.67 R–36.0

1 Based on 0.66-inch-diameter cross members every one foot.

TABLE 402.1.2.1b.—PARALLEL PATH CORRECTION FACTORS—METAL FRAMED WALLS WITH STUDS 16 GA. OR LIGHTER

Size of members Spacing of

framing, in.

Cavity insulation R-valueCorrection factor FcEquivalent resistance Re

2×4 ....................................................................................................................... 16 O.C. R-11 0.50 R-5.0

R-13 0.46 R-6.0

R-15 0.43 R-6.4

2×4 ....................................................................................................................... 24 O.C. R-11 0.60 R-6.6

R-13 0.55 R-7.2

R-15 0.52 R-7.8

2×6 ....................................................................................................................... 16 O.C. R-19 0.37 R-7.1

R-21 0.43 R-9.0

2×6 ....................................................................................................................... 24 O.C. R-19 0.45 R-8.6

R-21 0.35 R-7.4

2×8 ....................................................................................................................... 16 O.C. R-25 0.31 R-7.8

2×8 ....................................................................................................................... 24 O.C. R-25 0.38 R-9.6

402.1.2.2 Envelope Assemblies

Containing Nonmetal Framing. The

thermal transmittance of the envelope

assembly shall be determined from

laboratory or field test measurements

based on RS–5, RS–6, RS–7, or RS–8 or

from the series-parallel (isothermal

planes) method provided in page 23.2 of

Chapter 23 of RS–4.

402.1.2.3 Metal Buildings. For

elements with internal metallic

structures bonded on one or both sides

to a metal skin or covering, the

calculation procedure specified in RS–

9 shall be used.

402.1.2.4 Fenestration Assemblies.

Calculation of the overall thermal

transmittance of fenestration assemblies

shall consider the center-of-glass, edgeof-glass, and frame components.

(a) The following equation 402.1.2.4a

shall be used.

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
40908 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40909

(1) Results from laboratory test of

center-of-glass, edge-of-glass, and frame

assemblies tested as a unit at winter

conditions. One of the procedures in

Section 8.3.2 of RS–1 shall be used.

(2) Overall generic product C

(commercial) in Table 13, Chapter 27, of

the RS–4. The generic product C in

Table 13, Chapter 27, is based on a

product of 24 ft2. Larger units will

produce lower U-values and thus it is

recommended to use the calculation

procedure detailed in Equation

402.1.2.4a.

(3) Calculations based on the actual

area for center-of-glass, edge-of-glass,

and frame assemblies and on the

thermal transmittance of components

derived from 402.1.2.4a, 402.1.2.4b or a

combination of the two.

402.1.3 Gross Areas of Envelope

Components.

402.1.3.1 Roof Assembly. The gross

area of a roof assembly shall consist of

the total surface of the roof assembly

exposed to outside air or unconditioned

spaces and is measured from the

exterior faces of exterior walls and

centerline of walls separating buildings.

The roof assembly includes all roof or

ceiling components through which heat

may flow between indoor and outdoor

environments, including skylight

surfaces but excluding service openings.

For thermal transmittance purposes

when return air ceiling plenums are

employed, the roof or ceiling assembly

shall not include the resistance of the

ceiling or the plenum space as part of

the total resistance of the assembly.

402.1.3.2 Floor Assembly. The gross

area of a floor assembly over outside or

unconditioned spaces shall consist of

the total surface of the floor assembly

exposed to outside air or unconditioned

space and is measured from the exterior

face of exterior walls and centerline of

walls separating buildings. The floor

assembly shall include all floor

components through which heat may

flow between indoor and outdoor or

unconditioned space environments.

402.1.3.3 Wall Assembly. The gross

area of exterior walls enclosing a heated

or cooled space is measured on the

exterior and consists of the opaque

walls, including between-floor

spandrels, peripheral edges of flooring,

window areas (including sash), and

door areas but excluding vents, grilles,

and pipes.

402.2 Air Leakage and Moisture

Mitigation. The requirements of this

section shall apply only to those

building components that separate

interior building conditioned space

from the outdoors or from

unconditioned space or crawl spaces.

Compliance with the criteria for air

leakage through building components

shall be determined by tests conducted

in accordance with RS–10.

402.2.1 Air Barrier System. A barrier

against leakage shall be installed to

prevent the leakage of air through the

building envelope according to the

following requirements:

(a) The air barrier shall be continuous

at all plumbing and heating penetrations

of the building opaque wall.

(b) The air barrier shall be sealed at

all penetrations of the opaque building

wall for electrical and

telecommunications equipment.

TABLE 402.2.1.—AIR LEAKAGE FOR FENESTRATION AND DOORS—MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INFILTRATION RATE

Component Reference standard cfm/lin ft sash crack

or cfm/ft2 of area

Fenestration

Aluminum:

Operable ................................................................................................................................... RS–11 ....................... 0.37 cfm/lin ft

Jalousie ..................................................................................................................................... RS–11 ....................... 1.50 cfm/ft 2

Fixed ......................................................................................................................................... RS–11 ....................... 0.15 cfm/ft2

PVC: Prime Windows ....................................................................................................................... RS–12 ....................... 0.06 cfm/ft2

Wood:

Residential ................................................................................................................................ RS–13 ....................... 0.37 cfm/ft2

Light Commercial ...................................................................................................................... RS–13 ....................... 0.25 cfm/ft2

Heavy Commercial .................................................................................................................... RS–13 ....................... 0.15 cfm/ft2

Sliding Glass Doors

Aluminum ......................................................................................................................................... RS–11 ....................... 0.37 cfm/ft2

PVC .................................................................................................................................................. RS–12 ....................... 0.37 cfm/lin ft

Doors—Wood:

Residential ................................................................................................................................ RS–14 ....................... 0.34 cfm/ft2

Light Commercial ...................................................................................................................... RS–14 ....................... 0.25 cfm/ft2

Heavy Commercial .................................................................................................................... RS–14 ....................... 0.10 cfm/ft2

Commercial Entrance Doors ............................................................................................................ RS–10 ....................... 1.25 cfm/ft2

Residential Swinging Doors ............................................................................................................. RS–10 ....................... 0.50 cfm/ft2

Wall Sections Aluminum .................................................................................................................. RS–10 ....................... 0.06 cfm/ft2

Note: [The ‘‘Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rates’’ are from current standards to allow the use of available products.]

402.2.2 Building Envelope. The

following areas of the building envelope

shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or

weatherstripped to limit air leakage:

(a) Intersections of the fenestration

and door frames with the opaque wall

sections.

(b) Openings between walls and

foundations, between walls and roof

and wall panels.

(c) Openings at penetrations of utility

service through, roofs, walls, and floors.

(d) Site built fenestration and doors.

(e) All other openings in the building

envelope.

Exceptions are as follows: Outside air

intakes, exhaust outlets, relief outlets,

stair shaft, elevator shaft smoke relief

openings, and other similar elements

shall comply with subsection 403.

402.2.2.1 Fenestration and Doors

Fenestration and doors shall meet the

requirements of Table 402.2.1.

402.2.2.2 Building Assemblies Used

as Ducts or Plenums. Building

assemblies used as ducts or plenums

shall be sealed, caulked, and gasketed to

limit air leakage.

402.2.2.3 Vestibules. A door that

separates conditioned space from the

exterior shall be equipped with an
40910 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

enclosed vestibule with all doors

opening into and out of the vestibule

equipped with self-closing devices.

Vestibules shall be designed so that in

passing through the vestibule, it is not

necessary for the interior and exterior

doors to open at the same time.

Exceptions are as follows: Exterior doors

need not be protected with a vestibule

where:

(a) The door is a revolving door.

(b) The door is used primarily to

facilitate vehicular movement or

material handling.

(c) The door is not intended to be

used as a general entrance door.

(d) The door opens directly from a

dwelling unit.

(e) The door opens directly from a

retail space less than 2,000 ft2 in area,

or from a space less than 1,500 ft2 for

other uses.

(f) In buildings less than three stories

in building height in regions that have

less than 6,300 heating degree days base

65°F.

402.2.2.4 Compliance Testing. All

buildings shall be tested after

completion using the methodology in

RS–11, or an equivalent approved

method to determine the envelope air

leakage. A standard blower door test is

an acceptable technique to pressurize

the building if the building is 5,000 ft2

or less in area. The building’s air

handling system can be used to

pressurize the building if the building is

larger than 5,000 ft2. The following test

conditions shall be:

(a) The measured envelope air leakage

shall not exceed 1.57 pounds per square

foot of wall area at a pressure difference

of 0.3 inches water.

(b) At the time of testing, all windows

and outside doors shall be installed and

closed, all interior doors shall be open,

and all air handlers and dampers shall

be operable. The building shall be

unoccupied.

(c) During the testing period, the

average wind speed during the test shall

be less than 6.6 feet per second, the

average outside temperature greater than

59°F, and the average inside-outside

temperature difference is less than 41°F.

402.2.2.5 Moisture Migration. The

building envelope shall be designed to

limit moisture migration that leads to

deterioration in insulation or equipment

performance as determined by the

following construction practices:

(a) A vapor retarder shall be installed

to retard, or slow down the rate of water

vapor diffusion through the building

envelope. The position of the vapor

retarder shall be determined taking into

account local climate and indoor

humidity levels. The methodologies

presented in Chapter 20 of RS–4 shall be

used to determine temperature and

water vapor profiles through the

envelope systems to assess the potential

for condensation within the envelope

and to determine the position of the

vapor retarder within the envelope

system.

(b) The vapor retarder shall be

installed over the entire building

envelope.

(c) The perm rating requirements of

the vapor retarder shall be determined

using the methodologies contained in

Chapter 20 of RS–4, and shall take into

account local climate and indoor

humidity level. The vapor retarder shall

have a performance rating of 1 perm or

less.

402.3 Thermal Performance Criteria.

402.3.1 Roofs; Floors and Walls

Adjacent to Unconditioned Spaces. The

area weighted average thermal

transmittance of roofs and also of floors

and walls adjacent to unconditioned

spaces shall not exceed the criteria in

Table 402.3.1a. Exceptions are as

follows: Skylights for which daylight

credit is taken may be excluded from

the calculations of the roof assembly Uor

if all of the following conditions are

met:

(a) The opaque roof thermal

transmittance is less than the criteria in

Table 402.3.1b.

(b) Skylight areas, including framing,

as a percentage of the roof area do not

exceed the values specified in Table

402.3.1b. The maximum skylight area

from Table 402.3.1b may be increased

by 50% if a shading device is used that

blocks over 50% of the solar gain during

the peak cooling design condition. For

shell buildings, the permitted skylight

area shall be based on a light level of 30-

foot candles and a lighting power

density (LPD) of less than 1.0 w/ft2. For

speculative buildings, the permitted

skylight area shall be based on the unit

lighting power allowance from Table

401.3.2a and an illuminance level as

follows: for LPD < 1.0, use 30

footcandles; for 1.0 < LPD < 2.5, use 50

footcandles; and for LPD ≥ 2.5, use 70

footcandles.

(c) All electric lighting fixtures within

daylighted zones under skylights are

controlled by automatic daylighting

controls.

(d) The Uo of the skylight assembly

including framing does not exceed

lll Btu/(h•ft2•°F). [Use 0.70 for ≥

8000 HDD65 and 0.45 for >8000 HDD65

or both if the jurisdiction includes cities

that are both below and above 8000

HDD65.]

(e) Skylight curb U-value does not

exceed 0.21 Btu/(h•ft2•°F).

(f) The infiltration coefficient of the

skylights does not exceed 0.05 cfm/ft2.

402.3.2 Below-Grade Walls and

Slabs-on-Grade. The thermal resistance

(R-value) of insulation for slabs-ongrade, or the overall thermal resistances

of walls in contact with the earth, shall

be equal to or greater than the values in

Table 403.3.2.

402.4 Exterior Walls. Exterior walls

shall comply with either 402.4.1 or

402.4.2.

402.4.1 Prescriptive Criteria. (a) The

exterior wall shall be designed in

accordance with subsections 402.4.1.1

and 402.4.1.2. When the internal load

density range is not known, the 0–1.50

W/ft2 range shall be used for residential,

hotel/motel guest rooms, or warehouse

occupancies; the 3.01–3.50 W/ft2 range

shall be used for retail stores smaller

than 2,000 ft2 and technical and

vocational schools smaller than 10,000

ft2; and the 1.51–3.00 W/ft2 range shall

be used for all other occupancies and

building sizes. When the building

envelope is designed or constructed

prior to knowing the building

occupancy type, an internal load

density of lll W/ft2 shall be used.

[Use 3.0 W/ft2 for HDD65 <3000, 2.25

W/ft2 for 3000 < HDD65 < 6000, and 1.5

W/ft2 for HDD65 > 6000.]

(b) When more than one condition

exists, area weighted averages shall be

used. This requirement shall apply to all

thermal transmittances, shading

coefficients, projection factors, and

internal load densities rounded to the

same number of decimal places as

shown in the respective table.

402.4.1.1 Opaque Walls. The

weighted average thermal transmittance

(U-value) of opaque wall elements shall

be less than the values in Table

402.4.1.1. For mass walls (HC≥5),

criteria are presented for low and high

window/wall ratios and the criteria

shall be determined by interpolating

between these values for the window/

wall ratio of the building.

402.4.1.2 Fenestration. The design of

the fenestration shall meet the criteria of

Table 402.4.1.2. When the fenestration

columns labeled ‘‘Perimeter

Daylighting’’ are used, automatic

daylighting controls shall be installed in

the perimeter daylighted zones of the

building. These daylighting controls

shall be capable of reducing electric

lighting power to at least 50% of full

power. Only those shading or lighting

controls for perimeter daylighting that

are shown on the plans shall be

considered. The column labeled ‘‘VLT >

= SC’’ shall be used only when the

shading coefficient of the glass is less

than its visible light transmittance.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40911

Example Alternate Component Package

Table

The example Alternate Component

Package tables illustrate the

requirements of subsections 301.1,

402.3.1, 402.3.2, 402.4.1.1 and 402.4.1.2.

Copies of specific tables contained in

this example can be obtained from the

Energy Code for Federal Commercial

Buildings, Docket No. EE–RM–79–112–

C, Buildings Division, EE–432, Office of

Codes and Standards, U.S. Department

of Energy, Room 1J–018, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586–0517.

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
40912 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40913

402.4.2 System Performance

Criteria. The cumulative annual energy

flux attributable to thermal

transmittance and solar gains shall be

less than the criteria determined using

the ENVSTD21 computer program in

Standard 90.1–1989, or the equations in

RS–1, Attachment 8–B. The cumulative

annual energy flux shall be calculated

using the ENVSTD21 computer program

or the equations in RS–1, Attachment 8–

B.

TABLE 402.4.2.—EQUIP DEFAULT

VALUES FOR ENVSTD21

Occupancy

Default

equipment

power

density 1

Default

occupant

load

adjustment 1

Default

adjusted

equipment

power

density

Assembly ........... 0.25 0.75 1.00

Health/Institutional .............. 1.00 ¥0.26 0.74

Hotel/Motel ........ 0.25 ¥0.33 0.00

Warehouse/Storage ................. 0.10 ¥0.60 0.00

Multi-Family High

Rise ................ 0.75 N/A 0.00

Office ................. 0.75 ¥0.35 0.40

Restaurant ......... 0.10 0.07 0.17

TABLE 402.4.2.—EQUIP DEFAULT

VALUES FOR ENVSTD21—Continued

Occupancy

Default

equipment

power

density 1

Default

occupant

load

adjustment 1

Default

adjusted

equipment

power

density

Retail ................. 0.25 ¥0.38 0.00

School ............... 0.50 0.30 0.80

1 Defaults as defined in Section 8.6.10.5,

Table 8–4, and Sections 8.6.10.6 and

13.7.2.1, Table 13–2 from RS–1.

402.4.2.1 Equipment Power Density

(EQUIP). The equipment power density

used in the ENVSTD21 computer

program shall use the actual equipment

power density from the building plans

and specifications or be taken from

Table 402.4.2 using the column titled

‘‘Default Adjusted Equipment Power

Density’’ or calculated for the building

using the procedures of RS–1. The

program limits consideration of the

equipment power density to a maximum

of 1 W/ft 2.

402.4.2.2 Lighting Power Density

(LIGHTS). The lighting power density

used in the ENVSTD21 computer

program shall use the actual lighting

power density from the building plans

and specifications or the appropriate

value from Tables 401.3.2a, b, c, or d.

402.4.2.3 Daylighting Control Credit

Fraction (DLCF). When the daylighting

control credit fraction is other than zero,

automatic daylighting controls shall be

installed in the appropriate perimeter

zone(s) of the building to justify the

credit.

§ 434.403 Building Mechanical Systems

and Equipment.

Mechanical systems and equipment

used to provide heating, ventilating, and

air conditioning functions as well as

additional functions not related to space

conditioning, such as, but not limited

to, freeze protection in fire projection

systems and water heating, shall meet

the requirements of this section.

403.1 Mechanical Equipment

Efficiency. When equipment shown in

Tables 403.1a through 403.1f is used, it

shall have a minimum performance at

the specified rating conditions when

tested in accordance with the specified

reference standard. Omission of

minimum performance requirements for

equipment not listed in Tables 403.1a

through 403.1f does not preclude use of

such equipment.

TABLE 403.1a—UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY

REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum Efficiency b Test Procedure a

Air Conditioners, Air Cooled .................. <65,000 Btu/h ................ Split System ....................... 10.0 SEER ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

Single Package .................. 9.7 SEER.

≥65,000 Btu/h and

<135,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

8.9 EERc

8.3 IPLVc

ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

≥135,000 Btu/h and

<240,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

8.5 EERc

7.5 IPLVc

≥240,000 Btu/h and

<760,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

8.5 EERc

7.5 IPLVc

ARI–360

(RS–16).

≥760,000 Btu/h .............. Split System and Single

Package.

8.2 EERc

7.5 IPLVc

ARI–360

(RS–16).

Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled.<65,000 Btu/h ................ Split System and Single

Package.

9.3 EERc

8.4 IPLVc

ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

≥65,000 Btu/h and

<135,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

10.5 EERc

9.7 IPLVc

ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

≥135,000 Btu/h and

<240,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

9.6 EERc

9.0 IPLVc

ARI–360

(RS–16).

≥240,000 Btu/h .............. Split System and Single

Package.

9.6 EERc

9.0 IPLVc

ARI–360

(RS–16).

Condensing Units, Air Cooled ............... ≥135,000 Btu/h .............. ............................................ 9.9 EER

11.0 IPLV

ARI 365

(RS–29).

Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled.≥135,000 Btu/h .............. ............................................ 12.9 EER

12.9 IPLV

ARI 365

(RS–29).

aSee § 434.500 for detailed references. b Deduct 0.2 from the required EER’s and IPLV’s for units that have a heating section.

c IPLV’s are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
40914 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 403.1b.—UNITARY AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS, ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency b Test procedure a

Air Cooled (Cooling Mode) .................... < 65,000 Btu/h ............... Split System ....................... 10.0 SEER ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

Single Package .................. 9.7 SEER

≥ 65,000 Btu/h and <

135,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

8.9 EERc

8.3 IPLVc

ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

≥ 135,000 Btu/h and <

240,000 Btu/h.

Split System and Single

Package.

8.5 EERc

7.5 IPLVc

ARI–340

(RS–17).

≥ 240,000 Btu/h ............. Split System and Single

Package.

8.5 EERc

7.5 IPLVc

ARI–340

(RS–17).

Water Source (Cooling Mode) .............. < 65,000 Btu/h ............... 85 °F Entering Water ......... 9.3 EER ARI–320

(RS–27).

75 °F Entering Water ......... 10.2 EER

≥ 65,000 Btu/h and <

135,000 Btu/h.

85 °F Entering Water ......... 10.5 EER ARI–320

(RS–27).

75 °F Entering Water ......... 11.0 EER

Groundwater-Source (Cooling Mode) ... < 135,000 Btu/h ............. 70 °F Entering Water ......... 11.0 EER ARI 325

(RS–28).

50 °F Entering Water ......... 11.5 EER

Ground Source (Cooling Mode) ............ < 135,000 Btu/h ............. 77 °F Entering Water ......... 10.0 EER ARI 325

(RS–28).

70 °F Entering Water ......... 10.4 EER

Air Cooled (Heating Mode) ................... < 65,000 Btu/h (Cooling

Capacity).

Split System ....................... 6.8 HSPF ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

Single Package .................. 6.6 HSPF

≥ 65,000 Btu/h and <

135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity).

47 °F db/43 °F wb Outdoor

Air.

3.00 COP ARI 210/240

(RS–15).

17 °F db/15 °F wb Outdoor

Air.

2.00 COP

≥ 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling

Capacity).

47 °F db/43 °F wb Outdoor

Air.

2.90 COP ARI–340

(RS–17).

17 °F db/15 °F wb Outdoor 2.00 COP

Water-Source (Heating Mode) .............. < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling

Capacity).

70 °F Entering Water ......... 3.80 COP ARI–320

(RS–27).

75 °F Entering Water ......... 3.90 COP

Groundwater-Source (Heating Mode) ... < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling

Capacity).

70 °F Entering Water ......... 3.40 COP ARI 325

(RS–28).

50 °F Entering Water ......... 3.00 COP

Ground Source (Heating Mode) ............ < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling

Capacity).

32 °F Entering Water ......... 2.50 EER ARI–330

(RS–45).

41 °F Entering Water ......... 2.70 EER

aSee § 434.500 for detailed references b Deduct 0.2 from the required EER’s and IPLV’s for units that have a heating section.

c IPLV’s are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.

TABLE 403.1c.—WATER CHILLING PACKAGES, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency b Test procedure a

Air-Cooled, With Condenser, Electrically Operated.< 150 Tons .................... ............................................ 2.70 COP

2.80 IPLV

ARI 550 Centrifugal/

Rotary Screw (RS–

30) or ARI 590 Reciprocating (RS–

31).

≥ 150 Tons .................... ............................................ 2.50 COP

2.50 IPLV

Air-Cooled, Without Condenser, Electrically Operated.All Capacities ................. ............................................ 3.10 COP

3.20 IPLV

Water Cooled, Electrically Operated,

Positive Displacement (Reciprocating).

All Capacities ................. ............................................ 3.80 COP

3.90 IPLV

Water Cooled, Electrically Operated,

Positive Displacement (Rotary Screw

and Scroll).

< 150 Tons .................... ............................................ 3.80 COP

3.90 IPLV

≥ 150 Tons and < 300

Tons.

............................................ 4.20 COP

4.50 IPLV

≥ 300 Tons .................... ............................................ 5.20 COP

5.30 IPLV
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40915

TABLE 403.1c.—WATER CHILLING PACKAGES, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS—Continued

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency b Test procedure a

Water-Cooled, Electrically Operated

Centrifugal.

<150 Tons ..................... ............................................ 380 COP

3.90 IPLV

ARI 550

(RS–30).

≥ 150 Tons and < 300

Tons.

............................................ 4.20 COP

4.50 IPLV

≥ 300 Tons .................... ............................................ 5.20 COP

5.30 IPLV

Absorption Single Effect ........................ All Capacities ................. ............................................ 0.48 COP ARI 560

(RS–46).

Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-Fired All Capacities ................. ............................................ 0.95 COP

1.00 IPLV

Absorption Double-Effect, Direct-Fired All Capacities ................. ............................................ 0.95 COP

1.00 IPLV

aSee § 434.500 for detailed references. bEquipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated.

TABLE 403.1d.—PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONERS, PACKAGED TERMINAL HEAT PUMPS, ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS, AND ROOM AIR-CONDITIONER HEAT PUMPS ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency Test procedure a

PTAC (Cooling Mode) ........................... All Capacities ................. 95°F db Outdoor Air ........... 10.0¥(0.16×

Cap/1,000) b EER

ARI 310

(RS–18).

82°F db Outdoor Air ........... 12.2¥(0.20×

Cap/1,000) b EER

ARI 380

(RS–19).

PTHP (Cooling Mode) ........................... All Capacities ................. 95°F db Outdoor Air ........... 10.0¥(0.16×

Cap/1,000) b EER

82°F db Outdoor Air ........... 12.2¥(0.20×

Cap/1,000) b EER

PTHP (Heating Mode) ........................... All Capacities ................. ............................................ 2.90¥(0.26×

CAP/1,000) b COP

Room Air Conditioners, With Louvered

Sides.

<6,000 Btu/h .................. ............................................ 8.0 EER ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40).

≥6,000 Btu/h and <8,000

Btu/h.

............................................ 8.5 EER

≥8,000 Btu/h and

<14,000 Btu/h.

............................................ 9.0 EER

≥14,000 Btu/h and

<20,000 Btu/h.

............................................ 8.8 EER

≥20,000 Btu/h ................ ............................................ 8.2 EER

Room Air Conditioners, Without

Louvered Sides.

<6,000 Btu/h .................. ............................................ 8.0 EER ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40).

≥6,000 Btu/h and

<20,000 Btu/h.

............................................ 8.5 EER

≥20,000 Btu/h ................ ............................................ 8.2 EER

Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps With

Louvered Sides.

All Capacities ................. ............................................ 8.5 EER ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40).

Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps

Without Louvered Sides.

All Capacities ................. ............................................ 8.0 EER ANSI/AHAM RAC–1

(RS–40).

aSee § 434.500 for detailed references. bEquipment must comply with all efficiencies when multiple efficiencies are indicated. (Note products covered by the 1992 Energy Policy Act

have no efficiency requirement for operation at other than standard rating conditions for products manufactured after 1/1/94). c Cap means the rated capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit’s capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the

unit’s capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation.

TABLE 403.1e.—WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR CONDITIONING UNITS, WARM AIR

DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency d Test procedure a

Warm Air-Furnace, Gas-Fired ............... <225,000 Btu/h .............. ............................................ 78% AGUE or

80% Et

c

DOE 10 CFR 430

(RS–20).

≥225,000 Btu/h .............. Maximum Capacity c Minimum Capacity c.80% Et

78% Et

ANSI Z21.47

(RS–21).

Warm Air-Furnace, Oil-Fired ................. <225,000 Btu/h .............. ............................................ 78% AGUE or

80% Et

c

DOE 10 CFR 430

(RS–20).
40916 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 403.1e.—WARM AIR FURNACES AND COMBINATION WARM AIR FURNACES/AIR CONDITIONING UNITS, WARM AIR

DUCT FURNACES AND UNIT HEATERS, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS—Continued

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency d Test procedure a

≥225,000 But/h .............. Maximum Capacity b Minimum Capacity b.81% Et

81% Et

U.L. 727

(RS–22).

Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired .... All Capacities ................. Maximum Capacity b Minimum Capacity b.78% Et

74% Et

ANSI Z83.9

(RS–23).

Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas Fired ........ All Capacities ................. Maximum Capacity b Minimum Capacity b.78% Et

74% Et

ANSI Z83.8

(RS–24).

Oil-Fired ................................................. All Capacities ................. Maximum Capacity b Minimum Capacity b.81% Et

81% Et

U.L. 731

(RS–25).

aSee § 434.500 for detailed references. b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.

c Combination units not covered by NAECA (Three-phase power or cooling capacity ≥65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating. dEt=thermal efficiency. See referenced document for detailed discussion. eEc=combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID and either power venting or a flue damper. For those furnaces where combustion air

is drawn from the conditioned space, a vent damper may be substituted for a flue damper.

TABLE 403.1f.—BOILERS, GAS- AND OIL-FIRED, MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

Equipment type Size category Subcategory or rating condition Minimum efficiency c Test procedure a

Boilers, Gas-Fired ................................. <300,000 Btu/h .............. Hot Water ........................... 80% AGUE DOE 10 CFR 430

(RS–20).

Steam ................................. 75% AGUE DOE 10 CFR 430

(RS–20).

≥300,000 Btu/h .............. Maximum Capacity b ........... 80% Ec ANSI Z21.13

(RS–32).

Minimum Capacity b ............ 80% Ec

Boilers, Oil-Fired .................................... <300,000 Btu/h .............. ............................................ 80% AGUE DOE 10 CFR 430

(RS–20).

Maximum Capacity b ........... 83% Ec

≥300,000 Btu/h .............. Minumum Capacity b .......... 83% Ec U.L. 726

(RS–33).

Oil-Fired (Residual) ............................... ≥300,000 Btu/h .............. Maximum Capacity b ........... 83% Ec

Minimum Capacity b ............ 83% Ec

aSee § 434.500 for detailed references. b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.

cEc=combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information.

403.1.1 Where multiple rating

conditions and/or performance

requirements are provided, the

equipment shall satisfy all stated

requirements.

403.1.2 Equipment used to provide

water heating functions as part of a

combination integrated system shall

satisfy all stated requirements for the

appropriate space heating or cooling

category.

403.1.3 The equipment efficiency

shall be supported by data furnished by

the manufacturer or shall be certified

under a nationally recognized

certification program or rating

procedure.

403.1.4 Where components, such as

indoor or outdoor coils, from different

manufacturers are used, the system

designer shall specify component

efficiencies whose combined efficiency

meets the standards herein.

403.2 HVAC Systems.

403.2.1 Load Calculations. Heating

and cooling system design loads for the

purpose of sizing systems and

equipment shall be determined in

accordance with the procedures

described in RS–1 using the design

parameters specified in subpart C of this

part.

403.2.2 Equipment and System

Sizing. Heating and cooling equipment

and systems shall be sized to provide no

more than the loads calculated in

accordance with subsection 403.2.1. A

single piece of equipment providing

both heating and cooling must satisfy

this provision for one function with the

other function sized as small as possible

to meet the load, within available

equipment options. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) When the equipment selected is

the smallest size needed to meet the

load within available options of the

desired equipment line.

(b) Standby equipment provided with

controls and devices that allow such

equipment to operate automatically only

when the primary equipment is not

operating.

(c) Multiple units of the same

equipment type with combined

capacities exceeding the design load

and provided with controls that

sequence or otherwise optimally control

the operation of each unit based on

load.

403.2.3 Separate Air Distribution

System. Zones with special process

temperature and/or humidity

requirements shall be served by air

distribution systems separate from those

serving zones requiring only comfort

conditions or shall include

supplementary provisions so that the

primary systems may be specifically

controlled for comfort purposes only.

Exceptions: Zones requiring only

comfort heating or comfort cooling that

are served by a system primarily used

for process temperature and humidity

control need not be served by a separate

system if the total supply air to these

comfort zones is no more than 25% of

the total system supply air or the total

conditioned floor area of the zones is

less than 1000 ft 2.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40917

403.2.4 Ventilation and Fan System

Design. Ventilation systems shall be

designed to be capable of reducing the

supply of outdoor air to the minimum

ventilation rates required by Section

6.1.3 of RS–41 through the use of return

ducts, manually or automatically

operated control dampers, fan volume

controls, or other devices. Exceptions

are as follows: Minimum outdoor air

rates may be greater if:

(a) Required to make up air exhausted

for source control of contaminants such

as in a fume hood.

(b) Required by process systems.

(c) Required to maintain a slightly

positive building pressure. For this

purpose, minimum outside air intake

may be increased up to no greater than

0.30 air changes per hour in excess of

exhaust quantities.

403.2.4.1 Ventilation controls for

variable or high occupancy areas.

Systems with design outside air

capacities greater than 3,000 cfm serving

areas having an average design

occupancy density exceeding 100

people per 1,000 ft 2 shall include

means to automatically reduce outside

air intake to the minimum values

required by RS–41 during unoccupied

or low-occupancy periods. Outside air

shall not be reduced below 0.14 cfm/ft 2.

Outside air intake shall be controlled by

one or more of the following:

(a) A clearly labeled, readily

accessible bypass timer that may be

used by occupants or operating

personnel to temporarily increase

minimum outside air flow up to design

levels.

(b) A carbon dioxide (CO2) control

system having sensors located in the

spaces served, or in the return air from

the spaces served, capable of

maintaining space CO2 concentrations

below levels recommended by the

manufacturer, but no fewer than one

sensor per 25,000 ft 2 of occupied space

shall be provided.

(c) An automatic timeclock that can

be programmed to maintain minimum

outside air intake levels commensurate

with scheduled occupancy levels.

(d) Spaces equipped with occupancy

sensors.

403.2.4.2 Ventilation Controls for

enclosed parking garages: Garage

ventilation fan systems with a total

design capacity greater than 30,000 cfm

shall have automatic controls that stage

fans or modulate fan volume as required

to maintain carbon monoxide (CO)

below levels recommended in RS–41.

403.2.4.3 Ventilation and Fan

Power. The fan system energy demand

of each HVAC system at design

conditions shall not exceed 0.8 W/cfm

of supply air for constant air volume

systems and 1.25 W/cfm of supply air

for variable-air-volume (VAV) systems.

Fan system energy demand shall not

include the additional power required

by air treatment or filtering systems

with pressure drops over 1 in. w.c.

Individual VAV fans with motors 75 hp

and larger shall include controls and

devices necessary for the fan motor to

demand no more than 50 percent of

design wattage at 50 percent of design

air volume, based on manufacturer’s test

data. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems with total fan system

motor horsepower of 10 hp or less.

(b) Unitary equipment for which the

energy used by the fan is considered in

the efficiency ratings of subsection

403.1.

403.2.5 Pumping System Design.

HVAC pumping systems used for

comfort heating and/or comfort air

conditioning that serve control valves

designed to modulate or step open and

closed as a function of load shall be

designed for variable fluid flow and

capable of reducing system flow to 50

percent of design flow or less.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems where a minimum flow

greater than 50% of the design flow is

required for the proper operation of

equipment served by the system, such

as chillers.

(b) Systems that serve no more than

one control valve.

(c) Systems with a total pump system

horse power ≤10 hp.

(d) Systems that comply with

subsection 403.2.6.8 without exception.

403.2.6 Temperature and Humidity

Controls.

403.2.6.1 System Controls. Each

heating and cooling system shall

include at least one temperature control

device.

403.2.6.2 Zone Controls. The supply

of heating and cooling energy to each

zone shall be controlled by individual

thermostatic controls responding to

temperature within the zone. For the

purposes of this section, a dwelling unit

is considered a zone. Exception:

Independent perimeter systems that are

designed to offset building envelope

heat losses or gains or both may serve

one or more zones also served by an

interior system when the perimeter

system includes at least one

thermostatic control zone for each

building exposure having exterior walls

facing only one orientation for at least

50 contiguous ft and the perimeter

system heating and cooling supply is

controlled by thermostat(s) located

within the zone(s) served by the system.

403.2.6.3 Zone Thermostatic Control

Capabilities. Where used to control

comfort heating, zone thermostatic

controls shall be capable of being set

locally or remotely by adjustment or

selection of sensors down to 55 °F or

lower. Where used to control comfort

cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall

be capable of being set locally or

remotely by adjustment or selection of

sensors up to 85 °F or higher. Where

used to control both comfort heating

and cooling, zone thermostatic controls

shall be capable of providing a

temperature range or deadband of at

least 5 °F within which the supply of

heating and cooling energy to the zone

is shut off or reduced to a minimum.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Special occupancy or special usage

conditions approved by the building

official or

(b) Thermostats that require manual

changeover between heating and cooling

modes.

403.2.6.4 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat.

Heat pumps having supplementary

electric resistance heaters shall have

controls that prevent heater operation

when the heating load can be met by the

heat pump. Supplemental heater

operation is permitted during outdoor

coil defrost cycles not exceeding 15

minutes.

403.2.6.5 Humidistats. Humidistats

used for comfort purposes shall be

capable of being set to prevent the use

of fossil fuel or electricity to reduce

relative humidity below 60% or

increase relative humidity above 30%.

403.2.6.6 Simultaneous Heating and

Cooling. Zone thermostatic and

humidistatic controls shall be capable of

operating in sequence the supply of

heating and cooling energy to the zone.

Such controls shall prevent: reheating;

recooling; mixing or simultaneous

supply of air that has been previously

mechanically heated and air that has

been previously cooled, either by

mechanical refrigeration or by

economizer systems; and other

simultaneous operation of heating and

cooling systems to the same zone.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Variable-air-volume systems that,

during periods of occupancy, are

designed to reduce the air supply to

each zone to a minimum before heating,

recooling, or mixing takes place. This

minimum volume shall be no greater

than the larger of 30% of the peak

supply volume, the minimum required

to meet minimum ventilation

requirements of the Federal agency. (0.4

cfm/ft2 of zone conditioned floor area,

and 300 cfm).

(b) Zones where special

pressurization relationships or crosscontamination requirements are such

that variable-air-volume systems are

impractical, such as isolation rooms,
40918 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

operating areas of hospitals and clean

rooms.

(c) At least 75% of the energy for

reheating or for providing warm air in

mixing systems is provided from a siterecovered or site-solar energy source.

(d) Zones where specified humidity

levels are required to satisfy process

needs, such as computer rooms and

museums.

(e) Zones with a peak supply air

quantity of 300 cfm or less.

403.2.6.7 Temperature Reset for Air

Systems. Air systems supplying heated

or cooled air to multiple zones shall

include controls that automatically reset

supply air temperatures by

representative building loads or by

outside air temperature. Temperature

shall be reset by at least 25% of the

design supply air to room air

temperature difference. Zones that are

expected to experience relatively

constant loads, such as interior zones,

shall be designed for the fully reset

supply temperature. Exception are as

follows: Systems that comply with

subsection 403.2.6.6 without using

exceptions (a) or (b).

403.2.6.8 Temperature Reset for

Hydronic Systems. Hydronic systems of

at least 600,000 Btu/hr design capacity

supplying heated and/or chilled water

to comfort conditioning systems shall

include controls that automatically reset

supply water temperatures by

representative building loads (including

return water temperature) or by outside

air temperature. Temperature shall be

reset by at least 25% of the design

supply-to-return water temperature

difference. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems that comply with

subsection 403.2.5 without exception or

(b) where the design engineer certifies

to the building official that supply

temperature reset controls cannot be

implemented without causing improper

operation of heating, cooling,

humidification, or dehumidification

systems.

403.2.7 Off Hour Controls.

403.2.7.1 Automatic Setback or

Shutdown Controls. HVAC systems

shall be equipped with automatic

controls capable of accomplishing a

reduction of energy use through control

setback or equipment shutdown.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Systems serving areas expected to

operate continuously or

(b) equipment with full load demands

not exceeding 2 kW controlled by

readily accessible, manual off-hour

controls.

403.2.7.2 Shutoff Dampers. Outdoor

air supply and exhaust systems shall be

provided with motorized or gravity

dampers or other means of automatic

volume shutoff or reduction. Exceptions

are as follows:

(a) Systems serving areas expected to

operate continuously.

(b) Individual systems which have a

design airflow rate or 3000 cfm or less.

(c) Gravity and other non-electrical

ventilation systems controlled by

readily accessible, manual damper

controls.

(d) Where restricted by health and life

safety codes.

403.2.7.3 Zone Isolation systems

that serve zones that can be expected to

operate nonsimultaneously for more

than 750 hours per year shall include

isolation devices and controls to shut off

or set back the supply of heating and

cooling to each zone independently.

Isolation is not required for zones

expected to operate continuously or

expected to be inoperative only when

all other zones are inoperative. For

buildings where occupancy patterns are

not known at the time of system design,

such as speculative buildings, the

designer may predesignate isolation

areas. The grouping of zones on one

floor into a single isolation area shall be

permitted when the total conditioned

floor area does not exceed 25,000 ft 2 per

group.

403.2.8 Economizer Controls.

403.2.8.1 Each fan system shall be

designed and capable of being

controlled to take advantage of favorable

weather conditions to reduce

mechanical cooling requirements. The

system shall include either: a

temperature or enthalpy air economizer

system that is capable of automatically

modulating outside air and return air

dampers to provide up to 85% of the

design supply air quantity as outside

air, or a water economizer system that

is capable of cooling supply air by direct

and/or indirect evaporation and is

capable of providing 100% of the

expected system cooling load at outside

air temperatures of 50°F dry-bulb/45°F

wet-bulb and below. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Individual fan-cooling units with a

supply capacity of less than 3000 cfm or

a total cooling capacity less than 90,000

Btu/h.

(b) Systems with air-cooled or

evaporatively cooled condensers that

include extensive filtering equipment

provided in order to meet the

requirements of RS–41.

(c) Systems with air-cooled or

evaporatively cooled condensers where

the design engineer certifies to the

building official that use of outdoor air

cooling affects the operation of other

systems, such as humidification,

dehumidification, and supermarket

refrigeration systems, so as to increase

overall energy usage.

(d) Systems that serve envelopedominated spaces whose sensible

cooling load at design conditions,

excluding transmission and infiltration

loads, is less than or equal to

transmission and infiltration losses at an

outdoor temperature of 60°F.

(e) Systems serving residential spaces

and hotel or motel rooms.

(f) Systems for which at least 75% of

the annual energy used for mechanical

cooling is provided from a siterecovered or site-solar energy source.

(g) The zone(s) served by the system

each have operable openings (windows,

doors, etc.) with an openable area

greater than 5% of the conditioned floor

area. This applies only to spaces open

to and within 20 ft of the operable

openings. Automatic controls shall be

provided that lock out system

mechanical cooling to these zones when

outdoor air temperatures are less than

60°F.

403.2.8.2 Economizer systems shall

be capable of providing partial cooling

even when additional mechanical

cooling is required to meet the

remainder of the cooling load.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Direct-expansion systems may

include controls to reduce the quantity

of outdoor air as required to prevent coil

frosting at the lowest step of compressor

unloading. Individual direct-expansion

units that have a cooling capacity of

180,000 Btu/h or less may use

economizer controls that preclude

economizer operation whenever

mechanical cooling is required

simultaneously.

(b) Systems in climates with less than

750 average operating hours per year

between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the

ambient dry-bulb temperatures are

between 55 °F and 69 °F inclusive.

403.2.8.3 System design and

economizer controls shall be such that

economizer operation does not increase

the building heating energy use during

normal operation.

403.2.9 Distribution System

Construction and Insulation.

403.2.9.1 Piping Insulation. All

HVAC system piping shall be thermally

insulated in accordance with Table

403.2.9.1. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Factory-installed piping within

HVAC equipment tested and rated in

accordance with subsection 403.1.

(b) Piping that conveys fluids that

have a design operating temperature

range between 55°F and 105°F.

(c) Piping that conveys fluids that

have not been heated or cooled through

the use of fossil fuels or electricity.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40919

TABLE 403.2.9.1.—MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION (IN.) 5a

Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range (°F)

Insulation conductivity a Nominal Pipe Diameter (in.)

Conductivity

Range

Btu.in./

(h·ft 2·°F)

Mean Rating Temp.

°F

<1.0 1.0 to 1.25 1.5 to 3.0 4.0 to 6.0

Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water) b, c

>350 .............................................................................. 0.32–0.34 ..... 250 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.5

251–350 ........................................................................ 0.29–0.32 ..... 200 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0

201–250 ........................................................................ 0.27–0.30 ..... 150 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5

141–200 ........................................................................ 0.25–0.29 ..... 125 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5

105–140 ........................................................................ 0.22–0.28 ..... 100 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0

Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems

105 and Greater ........................................................... 0.22–0.28 ..... 100 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0

Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant) d

40–55 ............................................................................ 0.22–0.28 ..... 100 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Below 40 ....................................................................... 0.22–0.28 ..... 100 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

aFor insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined as follows:

T = r{1 + t/r) K/k ¥1}

Where T = minimum insulation thickness (in), r = actual outside radius of pipe (in), t = insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid

temperature and pipe size, K= conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu.in/

h·ft 2·°F); and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature. bThese thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Safety issues, such as insulation surface temperatures, have not been

considered. cPiping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run-outs when the control valve is located within four feet of the coil

and the pipe diameter is 1 inch or less. d Note that the required minimum thickness does not take water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation into account.

TABLE 403.2.9.2.—Minimum Duct Insulation R-value a

Duct location

Cooling supply ducts Heating supply ducts

Return

CDD65 ducts

≤500

500<

CDD65

≤1,000

1,000<

CDD65

≤2,000

CDD65

≥2,000

HDD65

≤1,500

1,500<

HDD65

≤4,500

4,500<

HDD65

≤7,500

HDD65

≥7,500

Exterior of Building ...... R–3.3 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–6.5 ....... R–8.0 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–6.5 ....... R–8.0 ....... R–5.0

Ventilated Attic ............. R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–3.3

Unvented Attic ............. R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–3.3

Other Conditioned

Spaces b.

R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3

Indirectly Conditioned

Spaces c.

none ........ R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... R–3.3 ....... none

Buried ........................... none ........ none ........ none ........ none ........ R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–5.0 ....... R–3.3

a Insulation R-values, measured in (h•ft 2•°F)/Btu, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum

thickness do not consider water vapor transmission and possible surface condensation. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water

vapor transmission and condensation. For ducts that are designed to convey both heated and cooled air, duct insulation shall be as required by

the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition

of this section or subsection 402. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with RS–6 at a mean temperature of 75

°F.

b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated.

c Includes return air plenums, with and without exposed roofs above.

403.2.9.2 Duct and Plenum

Insulation. All supply and return air

ducts and plenums installed as part of

an HVAC air distribution system shall

be thermally insulated in accordance

with Table 403.2.9.1. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Factory-installed plenums, casings,

or ductwork furnished as a part of the

HVAC equipment tested and rated in

accordance with subsection 403.1

(b) Ducts within the conditioned

space that they serve.

403.2.9.3 Duct and Plenum

Construction. All air-handling ductwork

and plenums shall be constructed and

erected in accordance with RS–34, RS–

35, and RS–36. Where supply ductwork

and plenums designed to operate at

static pressures from 0.25 in. wc to 2 in.

wc, inclusive, are located outside of the

conditioned space or in return plenums,

joints shall be sealed in accordance with

Seal Class C as defined in RS–34.

Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used

as the primary sealant where such ducts

are designed to operate at static

pressures of 1 in. wc, or greater.

403.2.9.3.1 Ductwork designed to

operate at static pressures in excess of

3 in. wc shall be leak-tested in

accordance with Section 5 of RS–35, or

equivalent. Test reports shall be

provided in accordance with Section 6

of RS–35, or equivalent. The tested duct

leakage class at a test pressure equal to

the design duct pressure class rating

shall be equal to or less than leakage

Class 6 as defined in Section 4.1 of RS–
40920 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

35. Representative sections totaling at

least 25% of the total installed duct area

for the designated pressure class shall

be tested.

403.2.10 Completion.

403.2.10.1 Manuals. Construction

documents shall require an operating

and maintenance manual provided to

the Federal Agency. The manual shall

include, at a minimum, the following:

(a) Submittal data stating equipment

size and selected options for each piece

of equipment requiring maintenance,

including assumptions used in outdoor

design calculations.

(b) Operating and maintenance

manuals for each piece of equipment

requiring maintenance. Required

maintenance activity shall be specified.

(c) Names and addresses of at least

one qualified service agency to perform

the required periodic maintenance shall

be provided.

(d) HVAC controls systems

maintenance and calibration

information, including wiring diagrams,

schematics, and control sequence

descriptions. Desired or field

determined setpoints shall be

permanently recorded on control

drawings, at control devices, or, for

digital control systems, in programming

comments.

(e) A complete narrative, prepared by

the designer, of how each system is

intended to operate shall be included

with the construction documents.

403.2.10.2 Drawings. Construction

documents shall require that within 30

days after the date of system acceptance,

record drawings of the actual

installation be provided to the Federal

agency. The drawings shall include

details of the air barrier installation in

every envelope component,

demonstrating continuity of the air

barrier at all joints and penetrations.

403.2.10.3 Air System Balancing.

Construction documents shall require

that all HVAC systems be balanced in

accordance with the industry accepted

procedures (such as National

Environmental Balancing Bureau

(NEBB) Procedural Standards,

Associated Air Balance Council (AABC)

National Standards, or ANSI/ASHRAE

Standard 111). Air and water flow rates

shall be measured and adjusted to

deliver final flow rates within 10% of

design rates, except variable flow

distribution systems need not be

balanced upstream of the controlling

device (VAV box or control valve).

403.2.10.3.1 Construction

documents shall require a written

balance report be provided to the

Federal agency for HVAC systems

serving zones with a total conditioned

area exceeding 5,000 ft2.

403.2.10.3.2 Air systems shall be

balanced in a manner to first minimize

throttling losses, then fan speed shall be

adjusted to meet design flow conditions

or equivalent procedures. Exception:

Damper throttling may be used for air

system balancing;

(a) With fan motors of 1 hp (0.746 kW)

or less, or

(b) Of throttling results in no greater

than 1⁄3 hp (0.248 kW) fan horsepower

draw above that required if the fan

speed were adjusted.

403.2.10.4 Hydronic System

Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be

balanced in a manner to first minimize

throttling losses; then the pump

impeller shall be trimmed or pump

speed shall be adjusted to meet design

flow conditions. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp

(7.46 kW) or less.

(b) If throttling results in no greater

than 3 hp (2.23 kW) pump horsepower

draw above that required if the impeller

were trimmed.

(c) To reserve additional pump

pressure capability in open circuit

piping systems subject to fouling. Valve

throttling pressure drop shall not exceed

that expected for future fouling.

403.2.10.5 Control System Testing.

HVAC control systems shall be tested to

assure that control elements are

calibrated, adjusted, and in proper

working condition. For projects larger

than 50,000 ft2 conditioned area,

detailed instructions for commissioning

HVAC systems shall be provided by the

designer in plans and specifications.

§ 434.404 Building service systems and

equipment.

404.1 Service Water Heating

Equipment Efficiency. Equipment must

satisfy the minimum performance

efficiency specified in Table 404.1when

tested in accordance with RS–37, RS–

38, or RS–39. Omission of equipment

from Table 404.1 shall not preclude the

use of such equipment. Service water

heating equipment used to provide

additional function of space heating as

part of a combination (integrated)

system shall satisfy all stated

requirements for the service water

heating equipment. All gas-fired storage

water heaters that are not equipped with

a flue damper and use indoor air for

combustion or draft hood dilution and

that are installed in a conditioned space,

shall be equipped with a vent damper

listed in accordance with RS–42. Unless

the water heater has an available

electrical supply, the installation of

such a vent damper shall not require an

electrical connection.

TABLE 404.1.—MINIMUM PERFORMANCE OF WATER HEATING EQUIPMENT

Category Type Fuel Input Rating VT

Input to

VT ratio

Btuh/gal

Test method a Energy factor

Thermal

efficiency

Et%

Standby loss

%/HR

NAECA covered

water heating

equipment b

All

Storage

Instantaneous

Storage

Instantaneous

Electric

Gas

Gas

Oil

Oil

≤12 kW

≤75,000 Btuh

≤200,000 Btuh c

≤105,000 Btuh

≤210,000 Btuh

All c

All c

All

All

All

DOE Test Procedure 10 CFR,

Part 430 (RS–

37)

≥0.93–0.00132V

≥0.62–0.0019V

≥0.62–0.0019V

≥0.59–0.0019V

≥0.59–0.0019V

Pool heater Gas/oil All All ANSI Z21.56 (RS–

38)

≥78

Other water heating Equipment dStorage

Storage/instantaneous

Electric

Gas/oil

All

≤155,000 Btuh

>155,000 Btuh

All

All

All

<10

≥10

<4,000

<4,000

≥4,000

≥4,000

ANSI Z21.10.3

(RS–39) ≥78

≥78

≥80

≥77

≤0.30+27/VT

≤1.3+114/VT

≤1.3+95VT

≤2.3+67/VT

Unfired storage

tanks

All ≤6.5 Btuh/ft2

aFor detailed references see § 434.500. b Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987.

c DOE Test Procedures apply to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes ≥20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters with input ratings of

50,000 to 200,000 Btuh. dAll except those water heaters covered by NAECA.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40921

404.1.1 Testing Electric and Oil

Storage Water Heaters for Standby Loss.

(a) When testing an electric storage

water heater, the procedures of

Z21.10.3–1990 (RS–39), Section 2.9,

shall be used. The electrical supply

voltage shall be maintained with ±1% of

the center of the voltage range specified

on the water heater nameplate. Also,

when needed for calculations, the

thermal efficiency (Et) shall be 98%.

When testing an oil-fired water heater,

the procedures of Z21.10.3–1990 (RS–

39), Sections 2.8 and 2.9, shall be used.

(b) The following modifications shall

be made: A vertical length of flue pipe

shall be connected to the flue gas outlet

of sufficient height to establish the

minimum draft specified in the

manufacturer’s installation instructions.

All measurements of oil consumption

shall be taken by instruments with an

accuracy of ±1% or better. The burner

rate shall be adjusted to achieve an

hourly Btu input rate within ±2% of the

manufacturer’s specified input rate with

the CO2 reading as specified by the

manufacturer with smoke no greater

than 1 and the fuel pump pressure

within ±1% of the manufacturer’s

specification.

404.1.2 Unfired Storage Tanks. The

heat loss of the tank surface area Btu/

(h•ft2) shall be based on an 80°F waterair temperature difference.

404.1.3 Storage Volume Symbols in

Table 404.1. The symbol ‘‘V’’ is the

rated storage volume in gallons as

specified by the manufacturer. The

symbol ‘‘VT’’ is the storage volume in

gallons as measured during the test to

determine the standby loss. VT may

differ from V, but it is within tolerances

allowed by the applicable Z21 and

Underwriters Laboratories standards.

Accordingly, for the purpose of

estimating the standby loss requirement

using the rated volume shown on the

rating plate, VT should be considered as

no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water

heaters and no less than 0.90V for

electric water heaters.

404.2 Service Hot Water Piping

Insulation. Circulating system piping

and noncirculating systems without

heat traps, the first eight feet of outlet

piping from a constant-temperature

noncirculating storage system, and the

inlet pipe between the storage tank and

a heat trap in a noncirculating storage

system shall meet the provisions of

subsection 403.2.9.

404.2.1 Vertical risers serving

storage water heaters not having an

integral heat trap and serving a

noncirculating system shall have heat

traps on both the inlet and outlet piping

as close as practical to the water heater.

404.3 Service Water Heating System

Controls. Temperature controls that

allow for storage temperature

adjustment from 110°F to a temperature

compatible with the intended use shall

be provided in systems serving

residential dwelling units and from 90°F

for other systems. When designed to

maintain usage temperatures in hot

water pipes, such as circulating hot

water systems or heat trace, the system

shall be equipped with automatic time

switches or other controls that can be

set to turn off the system.

404.3.1 The outlet temperature of

lavatories in public facility restrooms

shall be limited to 110°F.

404.4 Water Conservation. Shower

heads and lavatories labeled as meeting

the requirements of the Energy Policy

Act (Pub. L 102–486) shall be used.

404.4.1 Lavatories in public facility

restrooms shall be equipped with a foot

switch, occupancy sensor, or similar

device or, in other than lavatories for

physically handicapped persons, limit

hot water delivery to 0.25 gal/cycle for

circulating systems and 0.50 gal/cycle

for noncirculating systems.

404.5 Swimming Pools. All pool

heaters shall be equipped with a readily

accessible on-off switch.

404.5.1 Time switches shall be

installed on electric heaters and pumps.

Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Pumps required to operate solar or

heat recovery pool heating systems.

(b) Where public health requirements

require 24-hour pump operation.

404.5.2 Heated swimming pools

shall be equipped with pool covers.

Exception: When over 70% of the

annual energy for heating is obtained

from a site-recovered or site-solar energy

source.

404.6 Combined Service Water

Heating and Space Heating Equipment.

A single piece of equipment shall not be

used to provide both space heating and

service water heating. Exceptions are as

follows:

(a) The energy input or storage

volume of the combined boiler or water

heater is less than twice the energy

input or storage volume of the smaller

of the separate boilers or water heaters

otherwise required or

(b) the input to the combined boiler

is less than 150,000 Btuh.

Subpart E—Building Energy Cost

Compliance Alternative

§ 434.501 General.

501.1 This subpart E permits the use

of the Building Energy Cost Compliance

Alternative as an alternative to many

elements of Subpart D of this part.

When this subpart is used, it must be

used with Subpart C and Subpart D of

this part, 401.1, 401.2, 401.3.4 and in

conjunction with the minimum

requirements found in subsections

402.1, 402.2, and 402.3., 403.1, 403.2.1–

7, 403.9 and 404.

501.2 Compliance. Compliance

under this method requires detailed

energy analyses of the entire Proposed

Design, referred to as the Design Energy

Consumption; an estimate of annual

energy cost for the proposed design,

referred to as the Design Energy Cost;

and comparison against an Energy Cost

Budget. Compliance is achieved when

the estimated Design Energy Cost is less

than or equal to the Energy Cost Budget.

This subpart provides instructions for

determining the Energy Cost Budget and

for calculating the Design Energy

Consumption and Design Energy Cost.

The Energy Cost Budget shall be

determined through the calculation of

monthly energy consumption and

energy cost of a Prototype or Reference

Building design configured to meet the

requirements of subsections 401 through

404.

501.3 Designers are encouraged to

employ the Building Energy Cost Budget

compliance method set forth in this

section for evaluating proposed design

alternatives to using the elements

prescribed in subpart D of this part. The

Building Energy Cost Budget establishes

the relative effectiveness of each design

alternative in energy cost savings,

providing an energy cost basis upon

which the building owner and designer

may select one design over another.

This Energy Cost Budget is the highest

allowable calculated energy cost for a

specific building design. Other

alternative designs are likely to have

lower annual energy costs and life cycle

costs than those used to minimally meet

the Energy Cost Budget.

501.4 The Energy Cost Budget is a

numerical reference for annual energy

cost. Its purpose is to assure neutrality

with respect to choices such as HVAC

system type, architectural design and

fuel choice by providing a fixed,

repeatable budget that is independent of

any of these choices wherever possible

(i.e., for the prototype buildings). The

Energy Cost Budget for a given building

size and type will vary only with

climate, the number of stories, and the

choice of simulation tool. The

specifications of the prototypes are

necessary to assure repeatability, but

have no other significance. They are not

necessarily recommended energy

conserving practice, or even physically

reasonable practice for some climates or

buildings, but represent a reasonable

worst case of energy cost resulting from
40922 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

compliance with the provisions of

subsections 401 through 404.

§ 434.502 Determination of the annual

energy cost budget.

502.1 The annual Energy Cost

Budgets shall be determined in

accordance with the Prototype Building

Procedure in § 434.503 and § 434.504 or

the Reference Building Procedure in

§ 434.505. Both methods calculate an

annual Energy Cost by summing the 12

monthly Energy Cost Budgets. Each

monthly Energy Cost Budget is the

product of the monthly Building Energy

Consumption of each type of energy

used multiplied by the monthly Energy

Cost per unit of energy for each type of

energy used.

502.2 The Energy Cost Budget shall

be determined in accordance with

Equation 502.2.a as follows:

ECB=ECBjan+ . . . ECBm+ . . . +ECBdec

(Equation 502.2.a)

Based on:

ECBm=BECONm11xECOSm1+ . . .

+BECONmixECOSmi (Equation

502.2.b)

Where:

ECB=The annual Energy Cost Budget

ECBm=The monthly Energy Cost Budget

BECONmi=The monthly Budget Energy

Consumption of the ith type of

energy

ECOSmi=The monthly Energy Cost, per

unit of the ith type of energy

502.3 The monthly Energy Cost

Budget shall be determined using

current rate schedules or contract prices

available at the building site for all

types of energy purchased. These costs

shall include demand charges, rate

blocks, time of use rates, interruptible

service rates, delivery charges, taxes,

and all other applicable rates for the

type, location, operation, and size of the

proposed design. The monthly Budget

Energy Consumption shall be calculated

from the first day through the last day

of each month, inclusive.

§ 434.503 Prototype building procedure.

503.1 The Prototype Building

procedure shall be used for all building

types listed below. For mixed-use

buildings the Energy Cost Budget is

derived by allocating the floor space of

each building type within the floor

space of the prototype building. For

buildings not listed below, the

Reference Building procedure of

§ 434.505 shall be used. Prototype

buildings include:

(a) Assembly;

(b) Office (Business);

(c) Retail (Mercantile);

(d) Warehouse (Storage);

(e) School (Educational);

(f) Hotel/Motel;

(g) Restaurant;

(h) Health/Institutional; and

(i) Multi-Family.

§ 434.504 Use of the prototype building to

determine the energy cost budget.

504.1 Determine the building type of

the Proposed Design using the

categories in subsection 503.1. Using the

appropriate Prototype Building

characteristics from all of the tables

contained in this subpart E, the building

shall be simulated using the same gross

floor area and number of floors for the

Prototype Building as in the Proposed

Design.

504.2 The form, orientation,

occupancy and use profiles for the

Prototype Building shall be fixed as

described in subsection 511. Envelope,

lighting, other internal loads and HVAC

systems and equipment shall meet the

requirements of subsections 301, 401,

402, 403, and 404 and are standardized

inputs.

§ 434.505 Reference building method.

505.1 The Reference Building

procedure shall be used only when the

Proposed Design cannot be represented

by one or a combination of the

Prototype Building listed in subsection

503.1 or the assumptions for the

Prototype Building in Subsection 510,

such as occupancy and use-profiles, do

not reasonably represent the Proposed

Design.

§ 434.506 Use of the reference building to

determine the energy cost budget.

506.1 Each floor shall be oriented in

the same manner for the Reference

Building as in the Proposed Design. The

form, gross and conditioned floor areas

of each floor and the number of floors

shall be the same as in the Proposed

Design. All other characteristics, such as

lighting, envelope and HVAC systems

and equipment, shall meet the

requirements of subsections 301, 401,

402, 403 and 404.

§ 434.507 Calculation procedure and

simulation tool.

507.1 The Prototype or Reference

Buildings shall be modeled using the

criteria of subsections 510 and 521. The

modeling shall use a climate data set

appropriate for both the site and the

complexity of the energy conserving

features of the design. ASHRAE Weather

Year for Energy Calculations (WYEC)

data or bin weather data shall be used

in the absence of other appropriate data.

§ 434.508 Determination of the design

energy consumption and design energy

cost.

508.1 The Design Energy

Consumption shall be calculated by

modeling the Proposed Design using the

same methods, assumptions, climate

data, and simulation tool as were used

to establish the Energy Cost Budget,

except as explicitly stated in

subsections 509 through 534. The

Design Energy Cost shall be calculated

per Equation 508.1.

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40923

BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
40924 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

§ 434.509 Compliance.

509.1 If the Design Energy Cost is

less than or equal to the Energy Cost

Budget, and all of the minimum

requirements of subsection 501.2 are

met, the Proposed Design complies with

the standards.

§ 434.510 Standard calculation procedure.

510.1 The Standard Calculation

Procedure consists of methods and

assumptions for calculating the Energy

Cost Budget for the Prototype or

Reference Building and the Design

Energy Consumption and Design Energy

Cost of the Proposed Design. In order to

maintain consistency between the

Energy Cost Budget and the Design

Energy Cost, the input assumptions to

be used are stated below. These inputs

shall be used to determine the Energy

Cost Budget and the Design Energy

Consumption.

510.2 Prescribed assumptions shall

be used without variation. Default

assumptions shall be used unless the

designer can demonstrate that a

different assumption better

characterizes the building’s energy use

over its expected life. The default

assumptions shall be used in modeling

both the Prototype or Reference

Building and the Proposed Design,

unless the designer demonstrates clear

cause to modify these assumptions.

Special procedures for speculative

buildings are discussed in subsection

503. Shell buildings may not use

Subpart E.

§ 434.511 Orientation and shape.

511.1 The Prototype Building shall

consist of the same number of stories,

and gross and conditioned floor area as

the Proposed Design, with equal area

per story. The building shape shall be

rectangular, with a 2.5:1 aspect ratio.

The long dimensions of the building

shall face East and West. The

fenestration shall be uniformly

distributed in proportion to exterior

wall area. Floor-to-floor height for the

Prototype Building shall be 13 ft. except

for dwelling units in hotels/motels and

multi-family high-rise residential

buildings where floor-to-floor height

shall be 9.5 ft.

511.2 The Reference Building shall

consist of the same number of stories,

and gross floor area for each story as the

Proposed Design. Each floor shall be

oriented in the same manner as the

Proposed Design. The geometric form

shall be the same as the Proposed

Design.

§ 434.512 Internal loads.

512.1 The systems and types of

energy specified in this section are

provided only for purposes of

calculating the Energy Cost Budget.

They are not requirements for either

systems or the type of energy to be used

in the Proposed Design or for

calculation of Design Energy Cost.

512.2 Internal loads for multi-family

high-rise residential buildings are

prescribed in Tables 512.2.a and b,

Multi-Family High Rise Residential

Building Schedules. Internal loads for

other building types shall be modeled as

noted in this subsection.

TABLE 512.2.a.—MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SCHEDULES—ONE-ZONE DWELLING UNIT

[Internal Loads Per Dwelling Unit Btu/h]

Hour

Occupants Lights Equipment

Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent

1 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

2 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

3 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

4 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

5 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

6 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

7 ....... 300 260 0 750 110

8 ....... 210 260 980 1250 190

9 ....... 100 80 840 2600 420

10 ..... 100 80 0 1170 180

11 ..... 100 80 0 1270 190

12 ..... 100 80 0 2210 330

13 ..... 100 80 0 2210 330

14 ..... 100 80 0 1270 190

15 ..... 100 80 0 1270 190

16 ..... 100 80 0 1270 190

17 ..... 100 80 0 1270 190

18 ..... 300 260 0 3040 450

19 ..... 300 260 0 3360 500

20 ..... 300 260 960 1490 220

21 ..... 300 260 960 1490 220

22 ..... 300 260 960 1490 220

23 ..... 300 260 960 1060 160

24 ..... 300 260 960 1060 160
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40925

TABLE 512.2.b.—MULTI-FAMILY HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING SCHEDULES—TWO-ZONE DWELLING UNIT

[Internal Loads Per Dwelling Unit Btu/h]

Hour

Bedrooms and bathrooms Other rooms

Occupants Lights Equipment Occupants Lights Equipment

Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent Sensible Latent Sensible Sensible Latent

1 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

2 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

3 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

4 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

5 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

6 300 260 0 100 20 0 0 0 650 90

7 200 180 680 200 40 100 80 300 1050 150

8 110 120 240 200 40 100 80 600 2400 380

9 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1070 160

0 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

0 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

0 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 2110 310

0 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 2110 310

14 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

15 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

16 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

17 0 0 0 100 20 100 80 0 1170 170

18 0 0 0 100 20 300 260 0 2940 430

19 0 0 0 100 20 300 260 0 3260 480

20 100 80 320 300 60 200 180 640 1190 160

21 100 80 320 300 60 200 180 640 1190 160

22 150 130 480 700 90 150 130 480 790 130

23 300 260 640 410 70 0 0 320 650 90

24 300 260 640 410 70 0 0 320 650 90

§ 434.513 Occupancy.

513.1 Occupancy schedules are

default assumptions. The same

assumptions shall be made in

computing Design Energy Consumption

as were used in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget.

513.2 Table 513.2.a, Occupancy

Density, establishes the density, in ft 2/

person of conditioned floor area, to be

used for each building type. Table

513.2.b, Building Schedule Percentage

Multipliers, establishes the percentage

of total occupants in the building by

hour of the day for each building type.

TABLE 513.2.a.—OCCUPANCY

DENSITY

Building type

Conditioned

floor area

Ft 2/person

Assembly ................................ 50

Office ....................................... 275

Retail ....................................... 300

Warehouse .............................. 15000

School ..................................... 75

TABLE 513.2.a.—OCCUPANCY

DENSITY—Continued

Building type

Conditioned

floor area

Ft 2/person

Hotel/Motel .............................. 250

Restaurant, Health/Institutional 100

Multi-family High-rise Residential ........................................ 200

2 per unit 1

1 Heat generation: Btu/h per person: 230

Btu/h per person sensible, and 190 Btu/h per

person latent. See Table 513.2.

TABLE 513.2.b.—BUILDING SCHEDULE PERCENTAGE MULTIPLIERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1. ASSEMBLY

WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 80 80 80 80 80 80 20 20 20 20 0 0

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 0 0

ASSEMBLY ............... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 40 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 0 0

LTNG & RECEP ........ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 30 30 30 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 0 0

ASSEMBLY ............... WEEKDAY ................. Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off

SUNDAY .................... Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off

ASSEMBLY ............... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 35 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 0 0 0

2. OFFICE

WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 95 95 45 45 95 95 95 95 95 30 10 10 10 0 0

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 30 30 30 30 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OFFICE ...................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 90 90 90 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 30 30 20 20 0 0

LTNG & RECEP ........ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 30 30 30 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OFFICE ...................... WEEKDAY ................. Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

SUNDAY .................... Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

OFFICE ...................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 30 35 35 45 55 50 30 30 40 20 20 10 15 5 0 0
40926 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 513.2.b.—BUILDING SCHEDULE PERCENTAGE MULTIPLIERS—Continued

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 20 15 20 15 15 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3. RETAIL

WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 80 80 80 80 80 80 20 20 20 20 0 0

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 0 0

RETAIL ...................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 40 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 0 0

LTNG & RECEP ........ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 30 30 30 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 0 0

RETAIL ...................... WEEKDAY ................. Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off

SUNDAY .................... Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off

RETAIL ...................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 55 60 60 45 40 45 45 40 30 30 0 0 0

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 20 25 40 50 55 55 45 45 45 45 40 35 25 20 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 25 30 35 35 30 30 35 30 20 0 0 0 0 0

WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 70 90 90 90 50 85 85 85 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4. WAREHOUSE

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WAREHOUSE ........... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 70 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LTNG & RECEP ........ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 25 25 25 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WAREHOUSE ........... WEEKDAY ................. Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

SUNDAY .................... Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off

WAREHOUSE ........... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 25 35 35 45 55 50 35 50 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. SCHOOL

WEEKDAY ................. ...... ...... ...... 0 0 0 0 5 75 90 90 80 80 80 80 45 15 5 15 20 20 10 0 0

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SCHOOL .................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 85 95 95 95 80 80 80 70 50 50 35 35 35 30 0 0

LTNG&RECEP .......... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SCHOOL .................... WEEKDAY ................. Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

SUNDAY .................... Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

SCHOOL .................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 30 55 60 70 75 80 60 60 5 5 15 20 20 20 20 0

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WEEKDAY ................. 90 90 90 90 90 90 70 40 40 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 50 50 50 70 70 80 90 90

6. HOTEL/MOTEL

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 90 90 90 90 90 90 70 50 50 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 50 60 60 60 70 70 70

SUNDAY .................... 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 50 50 50 30 20 20 20 20 30 40 40 60 60 80 80 80

HOTEL/MOTEL ......... WEEKDAY ................. 20 15 10 10 10 20 40 50 40 40 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 60 80 90 80 60 30

LTNG&RECEP .......... SATURDAY ............... 20 20 10 10 10 10 30 30 40 40 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 60 70 70 70 60 30

SUNDAY .................... 30 30 20 20 20 20 30 40 40 30 30 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 50 70 80 60 50 30

HOTEL/MOTEL ......... WEEKDAY ................. On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

SUNDAY .................... On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

HOTEL/MOTEL ......... WEEKDAY ................. 20 15 15 15 20 25 50 60 55 45 40 45 40 35 30 30 30 40 55 60 50 55 45 25

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 20 15 15 15 20 25 40 50 50 50 45 50 50 45 40 40 34 40 55 55 50 55 40 25

SUNDAY .................... 25 20 20 20 20 30 50 50 50 55 50 50 40 40 40 30 30 40 50 50 40 50 40 30

7. RESTAURANT

WEEKDAY ................. 15 15 5 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 20 50 80 70 40 20 25 50 80 80 80 50 35 20

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 30 25 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 20 45 50 50 35 30 30 30 70 90 70 65 55 35

SUNDAY .................... 20 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 25 25 15 20 25 35 55 65 70 35 20 20

RESTAURANT .......... WEEKDAY ................. 15 15 15 15 15 20 40 40 60 60 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 50 30

LTNG & RECEP ........ SATURDAY ............... 20 15 15 15 15 15 30 30 60 60 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 50 30

SUNDAY .................... 20 15 15 15 15 15 30 30 50 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 60 60 50 30

RESTAURANT .......... WEEKDAY ................. On On On Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

HVAC ......................... SATURDAY ............... On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

SUNDAY .................... On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

RESTAURANT .......... WEEKDAY ................. 20 15 15 0 0 0 0 60 55 45 40 45 40 35 30 30 30 40 55 60 50 55 45 25

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 20 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 45 50 50 45 40 40 35 40 55 55 50 55 40 30

SUNDAY .................... 25 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 40 40 30 30 30 40 50 50 40 50 40 20

WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 50 30 30 20 20 0 0

8. HEALTH

OCCUPANCY ............ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 10 10 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HEALTH ..................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 30 30 30 30 30 0 0

LTNG & RECEP ........ SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 10 0 0 0 0 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WEEKDAY ................. On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

SATURDAY ............... On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

SUNDAY .................... On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On On

HEALTH ..................... WEEKDAY ................. 0 0 0 5 5 5 80 70 50 40 20 20 25 25 50 50 70 70 35 20 15 15 5 0

SWH .......................... SATURDAY ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 45 50 50 35 30 30 30 70 90 70 65 55 35 30 25 5 0

SUNDAY .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 25 25 15 20 25 35 55 65 70 35 20 20 20 20 5 0

NOTES FOR TABLE 513.2.2

(1) Reference: Recommendations for Energy Conservation Standards and Guidelines for New Commercial Buildings, Vol. III, App. A Pacific Northwest Laboratory, PNL–4870–8, 1983.’’
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40927

(2) Table 513.2.1 contains multipliers for converting the nominal values for building occupancy (Table 514.2.1), receptacle power density (Table 516.2) service hot water (Table), and lighting

energy (§ 434.515) into time series data for estimating building loads under the Standard Calculation Procedure.’’

(3) ‘‘For each standard building profile there are three series—one each for weekdays, Saturday and Sunday. There are 24 elements per series. These represent the multiplier that should be

used to estimate building loads from 12 a.m. to 1 a.m. (series element #1) through 11 p.m. to 12 a.m. (series element #24). The estimated load for any hour is simply the multiplier from the appropriate standard profile multiplied by the appropriate value from the tables cited above.’’

(4) The Building HVAC System Schedule listed in Table 514.2.2 lists the hours when the HVAC system shall be considered ‘‘on’’ or ‘‘off’’ in accordance with § 434.514.’’

§ 434.514 Lighting.

514.1 Interior Lighting Power

Allowance (ILPA), for calculating the

Energy Cost Budget shall be determined

from subsection 401.3.2. The lighting

power used to calculate the Design

Energy Consumption shall be the actual

adjusted power for lighting in the

Proposed Design. If the lighting controls

in the Proposed Design are more

effective at saving energy than those

required by subsection 401.3.1 and

401.3.2, the actual installed lighting

power shall be used along with the

schedules reflecting the action of the

controls to calculate the Design Energy

Consumption. This actual installed

lighting power shall not be adjusted by

the Power Adjustment Factors listed in

Table 514.1.

TABLE 514.1.—POWER ADJUSTMENT

FACTOR (PAF)

Automatic control device(s)

Standard

PAF

(1) Occupancy Sensor ...................... 0.30

(2) Daylight Sensing Continuous

Dimming ........................................ 0.30

(3) Daylight Sensing Multiple Step

Dimming ........................................ 0.20

(4) Daylight Sensing On/Off ............. 0.10

(5) Lumen Maintenance .................... 0.10

514.2 Table 513.2.2 establishes

default assumptions for the percentage

of the lighting load switched-on in each

Prototype or Reference Building by hour

of the day. These default assumptions

can be changed when calculating the

Energy Cost Budget to provide, for

example, a 12-hour rather than an 8-

hour workday.

§ 434.515 Receptacles.

515.1 Receptacle loads and profiles

are default assumptions. The same

assumptions shall be made in

calculating Design Energy Consumption

as were used in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget.

515.2 Receptacle loads include all

general service loads that are typical in

a building. These loads exclude any

process electrical usage and HVAC

primary or auxiliary electrical usage.

Table 515.2, Receptacle Power

Densities, establishes the density, in W/

ft2, to be used for each building type.

The receptacle energy profiles shall be

the same as the lighting energy profiles

in Table 513.2. This profile establishes

the percentage of the receptacle load

that is switched on by hour of the day

and by building type.

TABLE 515.2.—RECEPTABLE POWER

DENSITIES

Building type

W/ft2

of conditioned

floor

area

Assembly .......................................... 0.25

Office ................................................. 0.75

Retail ................................................. 0.25

Warehouse ........................................ 0.1

School ............................................... 0.5

Hotel/Motel ........................................ 0.25

Restaurant ........................................ 0.1

Health ................................................ 1.0

Multi-family High Rise Residential .... (1)

1 Included in Lights and Equipment portions

of Table 513.2.

§ 434.516 Building exterior envelope.

516.1 Insulation and Glazing. The

insulation and glazing characteristics of

the Prototype and Reference Building

envelope shall be determined by using

the first column under ‘‘Base Case’’,

with no assumed overhangs, for the

appropriate Alternate Component

Tables (ACP) in Table 402.4.1.2, as

defined by climate range. The insulation

and glazing characteristics from this

ACP are prescribed assumptions for

Prototype and Reference Buildings for

calculating the Energy Cost Budget. In

calculating the Design Energy

Consumption of the Proposed Design,

the envelope characteristics of the

Proposed Design shall be used.

516.2 Infiltration. For Prototype and

Reference Buildings, the infiltration

assumptions in subsection 516.2.1 shall

be prescribed assumptions for

calculating the Energy Cost Budget and

default assumptions for the Design

Energy Consumption. Infiltration shall

impact perimeter zones only.

516.2.1 When the HVAC system is

switched ‘‘on,’’ no infiltration shall be

assumed. When the HVAC system is

switched ‘‘off,’’ the infiltration rate for

buildings with or without operable

windows shall be assumed to be 0.038

cfm/ft2 of gross exterior wall. Hotels/

motels and multi-family high-rise

residential buildings shall have

infiltration rates of 0.038 cfm/ft2 of gross

exterior wall area at all times.

516.3 Envelope and Ground

Absorptivities. For Prototype and

Reference Buildings, absorptivity

assumptions shall be prescribed

assumptions for computing the Energy

Cost Budget and default assumptions for

computing the Design Energy

Consumption. The solar absorptivity of

opaque elements of the building

envelope is assumed to be 70%. The

solar absorptivity of ground surfaces is

assumed to be 80% (20% reflectivity).

516.4 Window Management. For the

Prototype and Reference Building,

window management drapery

assumptions shall be prescribed

assumptions for setting the Energy Cost

Budget. No draperies shall be the

default assumption for computing the

Design Energy Consumption. Glazing is

assumed to be internally shaded by

medium-weight draperies, closed onehalf time. The draperies shall be

modeled by assuming that one-half the

area in each zone is draped and one-half

is not. If manually-operated draperies,

shades, or blinds are to be used in the

Proposed Design, the Design Energy

Consumption shall be calculated by

assuming they are effective over onehalf the glazing area in each zone.

516.5 Shading. For Prototype and

Reference buildings and the Proposed

Design, shading by permanent

structures, terrain, and vegetation shall

be taken into account for computing

energy consumption, whether or not

these features are located on the

building site. A permanent fixture is one

that is likely to remain for the life of the

Proposed Design.

§ 434.517 HVAC systems and equipment

517.1 The specifications and

requirements for the HVAC systems of

the Prototype and Reference Buildings

shall be those in Table 517.1.1, HVAC

Systems for Prototype and Reference

Buildings. For the calculation of the

Design Energy Consumption, the HVAC

systems and equipment of the Proposed

Design shall be used.

517.2 The systems and types of

energy presented in Table 517.1.1 are

assumptions for calculating the Energy

Cost Budget. They are not requirements

for either systems or the type of energy

to be used in the Proposed Building or

for the calculation of the Design Energy

Cost.
40928 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 517.1.1.—HVAC SYSTEMS OF PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS 1,2

Building/space occupancy System No.

(Table 517.4.1)

Remarks

(Table 517.4.1)

Assembly ............................................................................................................................................................ 1

a. Churches (any size) ................................................................................................................................ 1 or 3 ................ Note 1.

b. ≤50,000 ft 2 or ≤3 floors .......................................................................................................................... 3

c. >50,000 ft 2 or >3 floors.

Office:

a. ≤20,000 ft 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

b. ≤50,000 ft 2 and either ≤3 floors or ≤75,000 ft 2 ..................................................................................... 4

c. <75,000 ft 2 or >3 floors .......................................................................................................................... 5

Retail:

a. ≤50,000 ft 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 or 3 ................ Note 1.

b. >50,000 ft 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 4 or 5 ................ Note 1.

Warehouse ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 ....................... Note 1.

School:

a. ≤75,000 ft 2 or ≤3 floors .......................................................................................................................... 1

b. >75,000 ft 2 or >3 floors .......................................................................................................................... 3

Hotel/Motel:

a. ≤3 stories ................................................................................................................................................ 2 or 7 ................ Note 5, 7.

b. >3 stories ................................................................................................................................................ 6 ....................... Note 6.

Restaurant .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 or 3 ................ Note 1.

Health:

a. Nursing Home (any size) ........................................................................................................................ 2 or 7 ................ Note 7.

b. ≤15,000 ft2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

c. >15,000 ft 2 or ≤50,000 ft 2 ...................................................................................................................... 4 ....................... Note 2.

d. >50,000 ft 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 5 ....................... Note 2, 3.

Multi-family High Rise Residential >3 stories .................................................................................................... 7

1Space and Service Water Heating budget calculations shall be made using both electricity and natural gas. The Energy Cost Budget shall be

the lower of these two calculations. If natural gas is not available at the rate, electricity and #2 fuel oil shall be used for the budget calculations. 2The system and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for the proposed design. Floor

areas below are the total conditioned floor areas for the listed occupance type in the building. The number of floors indicated below is the total

number of occupied floors for the listed occupancy type.

517.3 HVAC Zones. HVAC zones for

calculating the Energy Cost Budget of

the Prototype or Reference Building

shall consist of at least four perimeter

and one interior zones per floor.

Prototype Buildings shall have one

perimeter zone facing each cardinal

direction. The perimeter zones of

Prototype and Reference Buildings shall

be 15 ft in width, or one-third the

narrow dimension of the building, when

this dimension is between 30 ft and 45

ft inclusive, or one-half the narrow

dimension of the building when this

dimension is less than 30 ft. Zoning

requirements shall be a default

assumption for calculating the Energy

Cost Budget. For multi-family high-rise

residential buildings, the prototype

building shall have one zone per

dwelling unit. The proposed design

shall have one zone per unit unless

zonal thermostatic controls are provided

within units; in this case, two zones per

unit shall be modeled. Building types

such as assembly or warehouse may be

modeled as a single zone if there is only

one space.

517.4 For calculating the Design

Energy Consumption, no fewer zones

shall be used than were in the Prototype

and Reference Buildings. The zones in

the simulation shall correspond to the

zones provided by the controls in the

Proposed Design. Thermally similar

zones, such as those facing one

orientation on different floors, may be

grouped together for the purposes of

either the Design Energy Consumption

or Energy Cost Budget simulation.

TABLE 517.4.1. HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS12

HVAC COMPONENT SYSTEM #1 SYSTEM #2 SYSTEM #3 SYSTEM #4 SYSTEM #5 SYSTEM #6 SYSTEM #7

System Description Packaged

rooftop single room,

one unit per

zone.

Packaged terminal air

conditioner

with space

heater or

heat pump,

one heating/cooling

unit per

zone.

Air handler per

zone with

central plant.

Packaged rooftop VAV w/perimeter reheat.Built-up central

VAV with perimeter reheat.

Fourpipe fan

coil per

zone with

central plant.

Water source

pump.

Fan system Design

supply circulation.

Note 9 ........... Note 10 ......... Note 9 ............... Note 9 ............... Note 9 ............... Note 9 ........... Note 10.

Supply fan total

static pressure.

1.3 in W.C. .... N/A ................ 2.0 in W.C. ........ 3.0 in W.C. ........ 4.0 in W.C. ........ 0.5 in W.C. .... 0.5 in W.C.

Combined supply

fan, motor, and

drive efficiency.

40% ............... N/A ................ 50% ................... 45% ................... 55% ................... 25A ............... 25%.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40929

TABLE 517.4.1. HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR PROTOTYPE AND REFERENCE BUILDINGS12—Continued

HVAC COMPONENT SYSTEM #1 SYSTEM #2 SYSTEM #3 SYSTEM #4 SYSTEM #5 SYSTEM #6 SYSTEM #7

Supply fan control Constant volume.Fan Cycles

with call for

heating or

cooling.

Constant volume VAV w/forward

curved

contrifugal fan

and variable

inlet vanes.

VAVV w/air-foil

centrifugal fan

and AC frequency variable speed

drive.

Fan Cycles

with call for

heating or

cooling.

Fan cycles w/

call for

heating or

cooling.

Return fan total

static pressure.

N/A ................ N/A ................ 0.6 in W.C. ........ 0.6 in W.C. ........ 1.0 in W.C. ........ N/A ................ N/A.

Combined return

fan, motor, and

drive efficiency.

N/A ................ N/A ................ 25% ................... 25% ................... 30% ................... N/A ................ N/A.

Return fan control N/A ................ N/A ................ Constant volume VAV w/forward

curved

centrifutal fan

and discharge

dampers.

VAV with air-foil

centrifugal fan

and AC frequency variable speed

drive.

N/A ................ N/A.

Cooling System ..... Direct expansion air

cooled.

Direct expansion air

cooled.

Chilled water

(Note 1).

Direct expansion

air cooled.

Chilled water

(Note 11).

Chilled water

(Note 11).

Closed circuit,

centrifugal

blower type

cooling

tower sized

per Note

11. Circulating pump

size for 2.7

GPM per

ton.

Heating System ..... Furnace, heat

pump, or

electric

resistence

(Note 8).

Heat pump w/

electric resistance

auxiliary or

air conditioner w/

space heater (Note 8).

Hot water (Note

8, 12).

Hot water (Note

12) or electric

resistance

(Note B).

Hot water (Note

12) or electric

resistance

(Note 8).

Hot water

(Note 12) or

electric resistance

(Note 8).

Electric or

natural draft

fossil fuel

boiler (Note

8).

Remarks ................ Dry bulb

economizer

per Section

7.4.3 (barometric relief).

No economizer.Dry bulb economizer per Section 434.514.Dry bulb

ecomomizer

per Section

434.514 Minimum VAV setting per

434.514 exception 1.

Supply air

reset by zone

of greatest

cooling demand.

Dry bulb economizer per Section 7.4.3 Minimum VAV

setting per

Section

7.4.4.3. Supply air reset

by zone of

greatest cooling demand.

No economizer.Tower fans

and boiler

cycled to

maintain circulating

water temperature between 60

and design

tower leaving water

temperature.

Notes:

1. The systems and energy types presented in this Table are not intended as requirements or recommendations for the proposed design.

2. For numbered notes see end of Table 517.4.1.

Numbered Notes For Table 517.4.1 HVAC

System Descriptions for Prototype and

Reference Buildings

NOTES:

1. For occupancies such as restaurants,

assembly and retail which are part of a mixed

use building which, according to Table

517.4.1, includes a central chilled water

plant (systems 3, 5, or 6), chilled water

system type 3 or 5, as indicated in the Table,

shall be used.

2. Constant volume may be used in zones

where pressurization relationships must be

maintained by code. VAV shall be used in all

other areas, in accordance with § 517.4.

3. Provide run-around heat recovery

systems for all fan systems with minimum

outside air intake greater than 75%. Recovery

effectiveness shall be 0.60.

4. If a warehouse is not intended to be

mechanically cooled, both the Energy Cost

Budgets and Design Energy Costs, may be

calculated assuming no mechanical cooling.

5. The system listed is for guest rooms

only. Areas such as public areas and back-ofhouse areas shall be served by system 4.

Other areas such as offices and retail shall be

served by the systems listed in Table 517.4.1

for those occupancy types.

6. The system listed is for guest rooms

only. Areas such as public areas and back-ofhouse areas shall be served by System 5.

Other areas such as offices and retail shall be

served by the systems listed in Table

517.4.1.1 for those occupancy types.

7. System 2 shall be used for Energy Cost

Budget calculation except in areas with

design heating outside air temperatures less

than 10°F.

8. Prototype energy budget cost

calculations shall be made using both

electricity and natural gas. If natural gas is

not available at the site, electricity and #2

fuel oil shall be used. The Energy Cost

Budget shall be the lower of these results.

Alternatively, the Energy Cost Budget may be

based on the fuel source that minimizes total
40930 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

operating, maintenance, equipment, and

installation costs for the prototype over the

building lifetime. Equipment and installation

cost estimates shall be prepared using

professionally recognized cost estimating

tools, guides, and techniques. The methods

of analysis shall conform to those of Subpart

A of 10 CFR 436. Energy costs shall be based

on actual costs to the building as defined in

this Section.

9. Design supply air circulation rate shall

be based on a supply air to room air

temperature differences of 20°F. A higher

supply air temperature may be used if

required to maintain a minimum circulation

rate of 4.5 air changes per hour or 15 cfm per

person at design conditions to each zone

served by the system. If return fans are

specified, they shall be sized from the supply

fan capacity less the required minimum

ventilation with outside air, or 75% or the

supply air capacity, whichever is larger.

Except where noted, supply and return fans

shall be operated continually during

occupied hours.

10. Fan System Energy when included in

the efficiency rating of the unit as defined in

§ 403.2.4.3 need not be modeled explicitly for

this system. The fan shall cycle with calls for

heating or cooling.

11. Chilled water systems shall be modeled

using a reciprocating chiller for systems with

total cooling capacities less than 175 tons,

and centrifugal chillers for systems with

cooling capacities of 175 tons or greater. For

systems with cooling or 600 tons or more, the

Energy Cost Budget shall be calculated using

two centrifugal chillers lead/lag controlled.

Chilled water pumps shall be sized using a

12°F temperature rise, from 44°F to 56°F

operating at 65 feed of head and 65%

combined impeller and motor efficiency.

Condenser water pumps shall be sized using

a 10°F temperature rise, operating at 60 feet

of head and 60% combined impeller and

motor efficiency. The cooling tower shall be

an open circuit, centrifugal blower type sized

for the larger of 85°F leaving water

temperature or 10°F approach to design wet

bulb temperature. The tower shall be

controlled to provide a 65°F leaving water

temperature whenever weather conditions

permit, floating up to design leaving water

temperature at design conditions. Chilled

water supply temperature shall be reset in

accordance with § 434.518.

12. Hot water system shall include a

natural draft fossil fuel or electric boiler per

Note 8. The hot water pump shall be sized

based on a 30°F temperature drop, for 18°F

to 150°F, operating at 60 feet of head and a

combined impeller and motor efficiency of

60%. Hot water supply temperature shall be

reset in accordance with § 434.518.

517.5 Equipment Sizing and

Redundant Equipment. For calculating

the Energy Cost Budget of Prototype or

Reference Buildings, HVAC equipment

shall be sized to meet the requirements

of subsection 403.2.2, without using any

of the exceptions. The size of equipment

shall be that required for the building

without process loads considered.

Redundant or emergency equipment

need not be simulated if it is controlled

so that it will not be operated during

normal operations of the building. The

designer shall document the installation

of process equipment and the size of

process loads.

517.6 For calculating the Design

Energy Consumption, actual air flow

rates and installed equipment size shall

be used in the simulation, except that

excess capacity provided to meet

process loads need not be modeled

unless the process load was not

modeled in setting Energy Cost Budget.

Equipment sizing in the simulation of

the Proposed Design shall correspond to

the equipment actually selected for the

design and the designer shall not use

equipment sized automatically by the

simulation tool.

517.6.1 Redundant or emergency

equipment need not be simulated if it is

controlled to not be operated during

normal operations of the building.

§ 434.518 Service water heating.

518.1 The service water loads for

Prototype and Reference Buildings are

defined in terms of Btu/h per person in

Table 518.1.1, Service Hot Water

Quantities. The service water heating

loads from Table 518.1.1 are prescribed

assumptions for multi-family high-rise

residential buildings and default

assumptions for all other buildings. The

same service water heating load

assumptions shall be made in

calculating Design Energy Consumption

as were used in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget.

TABLE 518.1.1.—Service Hot Water

Quantities

Building type Btu/Personhour 1

Assembly .................................. 215

Office ......................................... 175

Retail ......................................... 135

Warehouse ................................ 225

School ....................................... 215

Hotel/Motel ................................ 1110

Restaurant ................................ 390

Health ........................................ 135

Multi-family High Rise Residential .......................................... 2 1700

1This value is the number to be multiplied

by the percentage multipliers of the Building

Profile Schedules in Table 513.2.2. See Table

513.2.2 for occupancy levels. 2Total hot water use per dwelling unit for

each hour shall be 3,400 Btu/h times the

multi-family high rise residential building SWH

system multiplier from Table 514.2.2.

518.2 The service water heating

system, including piping losses for the

Prototype Building, shall be modeled

using the methods of the RS–47 using a

system that meets all requirements of

subsection 404. The service water

heating equipment for the Prototype or

Reference Building shall be either an

electric heat pump or natural gas, or if

natural gas is not available at the site,

either an electric heat pump or #2 fuel

oil. Exception: If electric resistance

service water heating is preferable to an

electric heat pump when analyzed

according to the criteria of § 434.404 or

when service water temperatures

exceeding 145°F are required for a

particular application, electric

resistance water heating may be used.

§ 434.519 Controls

519.1 All occupied conditioned

spaces in the Prototype, Reference and

Proposed Design Buildings in all

climates shall be simulated as being

both heated and cooled. The

assumptions in this subsection are

prescribed assumptions. If the Proposed

Design does not include equipment for

cooling or heating, the Design Energy

Consumption shall be determined by

the specifications for calculating the

Energy Cost Budget as described in

Table 517.4.1 HVAC System Description

for Prototype and Reference Buildings.

Exceptions to 519.1 are as follows:

519.1.1 If a building is to be

provided with only heating or cooling,

both the Prototype or Reference

Building and the Proposed Design shall

be simulated, using the same

assumptions. Such an assumption

cannot be made unless the building

interior temperature meets the comfort

criteria of RS–2 at least 98% of the

occupied hours during the year.

519.1.2 If warehouses are not

intended to be mechanically cooled,

both the Energy Cost Budget and Design

Energy Consumption shall be modeled

assuming no mechanical cooling; and

519.1.3 In climates where winter

design temperature (97.5% occurrence)

is greater than 59°F, space heating need

not be modeled.

519.2 Space temperature controls for

the Prototype or Reference Building,

except multi-family high-rise residential

buildings, shall be set at 70°F for space

heating and 75°F for space cooling with

a deadband per subsection

403.2.6.3. The system shut off

during off-hours shall be according to

the schedule in Table 515.2, except that

the heating system shall cycle on if any

space should drop below the night

setback setting of 55°F. There shall be

no similar setpoint during the cooling

season. Lesser deadband ranges may be

used in calculating the Design Energy

Consumption.

Exceptions to 519.2 are as follows:

(a) Setback shall not be modeled in

determining either the Energy Cost

Budget or Design Energy Cost if setback

is not realistic for the Proposed Design,
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40931

such as 24-hour/day operations. Health

facilities need not have night setback

during the heating season; and

(b) Hotel/motels and multi-family

high-rise residential buildings shall

have a night setback temperature of 60

°F from 11:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. during

the heating season; and

(c) If deadband controls are not to be

installed, the Design Energy Cost shall

be calculated with both heating and

cooling thermostat setpoints set to the

same value between 70°F and 75°F

inclusive, assumed to be constant for

the year.

519.2.1 For multi-family buildings,

the thermostat schedule for the dwelling

units shall be as in Table 519.1.2,

Thermostat Settings for Multi-Family

High-rise Buildings. The Prototype

Building shall use the single zone

schedule. The Proposed Design shall

use the two-zone schedule only if zonal

thermostatic controls are provided. For

Proposed Designs that use heat pumps

employing supplementary heat, the

controls used to switch on the auxiliary

heat source during morning warm-up

periods shall be simulated accurately.

The thermostat assumptions for multifamily high-rise buildings are prescribed

assumptions.

519.3 When providing for outdoor

air ventilation in calculating the Energy

Cost Budget, controls shall be assumed

to close the outside air intake to reduce

the flow of outside air to 0 cfm during

setback and unoccupied periods.

Ventilation using inside air may still be

required to maintain scheduled setback

temperature. Outside air ventilation,

during occupied periods, shall be as

required by RS–41, or the Proposed

Design, whichever is greater.

519.4 If humidification is to be used

in the Proposed Design, the same level

of humidification and system type shall

be used in the Prototype or Reference

Building. If dehumidification requires

subcooling of supply air, then reheat for

the Prototype or Reference Building

shall be from recovered waste heat such

as condenser waste heat.

TABLE 519.1.2.—THERMOSTAT SETTINGS FOR MULTI-FAMILY HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

Time of day

Single zone dwelling

unit

Two zone dwelling unit

Heat Cool

Bedrooms/Bathrooms Other Rooms

Heat Cool Heat Cool

Midnight—6 a.m ........................................................................................ 60 78 60 78 60 85

6 a.m.—9 a.m ........................................................................................... 70 78 70 78 70 78

9 a.m.—5 p.m ........................................................................................... 70 78 60 85 70 78

5 p.m.—11 p.m ......................................................................................... 70 78 70 78 70 78

11 p.m.—Midnight ..................................................................................... 60 78 60 78 60 78

§ 434.520 Speculative buildings.

520.1 Lighting. The interior lighting

power allowance (ILPA) for calculating

the Energy Cost Budget shall be

determined from Table 401.3.2a. The

Design Energy Consumption may be

based on an assumed adjusted lighting

power for future lighting improvements.

520.2 The assumption about future

lighting power used to calculate the

Design Energy Consumption must be

documented so that the future installed

lighting systems may be in compliance

with these standards. Documentation

must be provided to enable future

lighting systems to use either the

Prescriptive method or the Systems

Performance method of subsection 401.3

520.3 Documentation for future

lighting systems that use subsection

401.3 shall be stated as a maximum

adjusted lighting power for the tenant

spaces. The adjusted lighting power

allowance for tenant spaces shall

account for the lighting power provided

for the common areas of the building.

520.4 Documentation for future

lighting systems that use subsection

401.3 shall be stated as a required

lighting adjustment. The required

lighting adjustment is the whole

building lighting power assumed in

order to calculate the Design Energy

Consumption minus the ILPA value

from Table 401.3.2c that was used to

calculate the Energy Cost Budget. When

the required lighting adjustment is less

than zero, a complete lighting design

must be developed for one or more

representative tenant spaces,

demonstrating acceptable lighting

within the limits of the assumed

lighting power allowance.

520.5. HVAC Systems and

Equipment. If the HVAC system is not

completely specified in the plans, the

Design Energy Consumption shall be

based on reasonable assumptions about

the construction of future HVAC

systems and equipment. These

assumptions shall be documented so

that future HVAC systems and

equipment may be in compliance with

these standards.

§ 434.521 The Simulation Tool.

521.1 Annual energy consumption

shall be simulated with a multi-zone,

8760 hours per year building energy

model. The model shall account for:

521.1.1 The dynamic heat transfer of

the building envelope such as solar and

internal gains;

521.1.2 Equipment efficiencies as a

function of load and climate;

521.1.3 Lighting and HVAC system

controls and distribution systems by

simulating the whole building;

521.1.4 The operating schedule of

the building including night setback

during various times of the year; and

521.1.5 Energy consumption

information at a level necessary to

determine the Energy Cost Budget and

Design Energy Cost through the

appropriate utility rate schedules.

521.1.6 While the simulation tool

should simulate an entire year on an

hour by hour basis (8760 hours),

programs that approximate this dynamic

analysis procedure and provide

equivalent results are acceptable.

521.1.7 Simulation tools shall be

selected for their ability to simulate

accurately the relevant features of the

building in question, as shown in the

tool’s documentation. For example, a

single-zone model shall not be used to

simulate a large, multi-zone building,

and a steady-state model such as the

degree-day method shall not be used to

simulate buildings when equipment

efficiency or performance is

significantly affected by the dynamic

patterns of weather, solar radiation, and

occupancy. Relevant energy-related

features shall be addressed by a model

such as daylighting, atriums or

sunspaces, night ventilation or thermal

storage, chilled water storage or heat

recovery, active or passive solar

systems, zoning and controls of heating

and cooling systems, and groundcoupled buildings. In addition, models

shall be capable of translating the

Design Energy Consumption into energy
40932 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

cost using actual utility rate schedules

with the coincidental electrical demand

of a building. Examples of public

domain models capable of handling

such complex building systems and

energy cost translations available in the

United States are DOE—2.1C and

BLAST 3.0 and in Canada, Energy

Systems Analysis Series.

521.1.8 All simulation tools shall

use scientifically justifiable documented

techniques and procedures for modeling

building loads, systems, and equipment.

The algorithms used in the program

shall have been verified by comparison

with experimental measurements, loads,

systems, and equipment.

Subpart F—Building Energy

Compliance Alternative

§ 434.601 General.

601.1 This subpart provides an

alternative path for compliance with the

standards that allow for greater

flexibility in the design of energy

efficient buildings using an annual

energy use method. This path provides

an opportunity for the use of innovative

designs, materials, and equipment such

as daylighting, passive solar heating,

and heat recovery, that may not be

adequately evaluated by methods found

in subpart D of this part.

601.2 The Building Energy

Compliance Alternative shall be used

with Subpart C and Subpart D, 401.1,

401.2, 401.3.4 and in conjunction with

the minimum requirements found in

subsections 402.1, 402.2, and 402.3.,

403.1, 403.2.1–7, 403.9 and 404.

601.3 Compliance under this section

is demonstrated by showing that the

calculated annual energy usage for the

Proposed Design is less than or equal to

a calculated Energy Use Budget. (See

Figure 601.3, Building Energy

Compliance Alternative). The analytical

procedures in this subpart are only for

determining design compliance, and are

not to be used either to predict,

document or verify annual energy

consumption.

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40933

BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
40934 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

601.4 Compliance under the

Building Energy Use Budget method

requires a detailed energy analysis,

using a conventional simulation tool, of

the Proposed Design. A life cycle cost

analysis shall be used to select the fuel

source for the HVAC systems, service

hot water, and process loads from

available alternatives. The Annual

Energy Consumption of the Proposed

Design with the life cycle cost-effective

fuel selection is calculated to determine

the modeled energy consumption,

called the Design Energy Use.

601.5 The Design Energy Use is

defined as the energy that is consumed

within the five foot line of a proposed

building per ft 2 over a 24-hour day, 365-

day year period and specified operating

hours. The calculated Design Energy

Use is then compared to a calculated

Energy Use Budget.

601.6 Compliance. The Energy Use

Budget is determined by calculating the

annual energy usage for a Reference or

Prototype Building that is configured to

comply with the provisions of Subpart

E for such buildings, except that the fuel

source(s) of the Prototype or Reference

Building shall be the same life cycle

cost-effective source(s) selected for the

Proposed Design. If the Design Energy

Use is less than or equal to the Energy

Use Budget then the proposed design

complies with these standards.

601.7 This section provides

instructions for determining the Design

Energy Use and for calculating the

Energy Use Budget. The Energy Use

Budget is the highest allowable

calculated annual energy consumption

for a specified building design.

Designers are encouraged to design

buildings whose Design Energy Use is

lower than the Energy Use Budget.

§ 434.602 Determination of the annual

energy budget.

602.1 The Energy Use Budget shall

be calculated for the appropriate

Prototype or Reference Building in

accordance with the procedures

prescribed in subsection 502 with the

following exceptions: The Energy Use

Budget shall be stated in units of Btu/

ft 2/yr and the simulation tool shall

segregate the calculated energy

consumption by fuel type producing an

Energy Use Budget for each fuel (the

fuel selections having been made by a

life cycle cost analysis in determining

the proposed design).

601.2 The Energy Use Budget (EUB)

is calculated similarly for the Reference

or Prototype Building using the

following equation:

Equation 601.2

EUB=EUB1xf1+EUB2xf2+EUBixfi

Where EUB1, EUB2, EUBi are the

calculated annual energy targets for

each fuel used in the Reference or

Prototype building and f1, f2, * * * fi

are the energy conversion factors given

in Table 602.2, Fuel Conversion Factors

for Computing Design Annual Energy

Uses. In lieu of case by case calculation

of the Energy Use Budget, the designer

may construct Energy Use Budget tables

for the combinations of energy source(s)

that may be considered in a set of

project designs, such as electric heating,

electric service water, and gas cooling or

oil heating, gas service water and

electric cooling. The values in such

optional Energy Use Budget tables shall

be equal to or less than the

corresponding Energy Use Budgets

calculated on a case by case basis

according to this section. Energy Use

Budget tables shall be constructed to

correspond to the climatic regions and

building types in accordance with

provisions for Prototype or Reference

Building models in Subpart E of these

standards.

TABLE 602.2.—FUEL CONVERSION FACTORS FOR COMPUTING DESIGN ANNUAL ENERGY USES

FUELS CONVERSION FACTOR

Electricity ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3412 Btu/kilowatt hour.

Fuel Oil ............................................................................................................................................................................ 138,700 Btu/gallon.

Natural Gas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,031,000 Btu/1000 ft 2.

Liquified Petroleum (including Propane and Butane) ..................................................................................................... 95,500 Btu/gallon.

Anthracite Coal ............................................................................................................................................................... 28,300,000 Btu/short ton.

Bituminous Coal .............................................................................................................................................................. 24,580,000 Btu/short ton.

Purchased Steam and Steam from Central Plants ........................................................................................................ 1,000 Btu/Pound.

High Temperature or Medium Temperature Water from Central Plants ........................................................................ Use the heat value based

on the water actually delivered at the building five

foot line

NOTE:

At specific locations where the energy source Btu content varies significantly from the value presented above then the local fuel value may be

used provided there is supporting documentation from the fuel source supplier stating this actual fuel energy value and verifying that this value

will remain consistent for the foreseeable future. The fuel content for fuels not given above shall be determined from the best available source.

§ 434.603 Determination of the design

energy use

603.1 The Design Energy Use shall

be calculated by modeling the Proposed

Design using the same methods,

assumptions, climate data, and

simulation tool as were used to establish

the Energy Use Budget, but with the

design features that will be used in the

final building design. The simulation

tool used shall segregate the calculated

energy consumption by fuel type giving

an annual Design Energy Use for each

fuel. The sum of the Design Energy Uses

multiplied by the fuel conversion

factors in Table 602.2 yields the Design

Energy Use for the proposed design:

Equation 603.1

DEU=DEU1xf1+DEU2xf2+....+DEUi xfi

Where f1, f2, . . . fi are the fuel

conversion factors in Table 602.2.

603.2 Required Life Cycle Cost

Analysis for Fuel Selection

603.2.1 Fuel sources selected for the

Proposed Design and Prototype or

Reference buildings shall be determined

by considering the energy cost and other

costs and cost savings that occur during

the expected economic life of the

alternative.

603.2.2 The designer shall use the

procedures set forth in Subpart A of 10

CFR Part 436 to make this

determination. The fuel selection life

cycle cost analysis shall include the

following steps:

603.2.2.1 Determine the feasible

alternatives for energy sources of the

Proposed Design’s HVAC systems,

service hot water, and process loads.

603.2.2.2 Model the Proposed

Design including the alternative HVAC

and service water systems and conduct

an annual energy analysis for each fuel

source alternative using the simulation

tool specified in this section. The

annual energy analysis shall be

computed on a monthly basis in

conformance with Subpart E with the

exception that all process loads shall be
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40935

included in the calculation. Separate the

output of the analysis by fuel type.

603.2.2.3 Determine the unit price of

each fuel using information from the

utility or other reliable local source.

During rapid changes in fuel prices it is

recommended that an average fuel price

for the previous twelve months be used

in lieu of the current price. Calculate the

annual energy cost of each energy

source alternative in accordance with

procedures in subpart E of this part for

the Design Energy Cost. Estimate the

initial cost of the HVAC and service

water systems and other initial costs

such as energy distribution lines and

service connection fees associated with

each fuel source alternative. Estimate

other costs and benefits for each

alternative including, but not

necessarily limited to, annual

maintenance and repair, periodic and

one time major repairs and

replacements and salvage of the energy

and service water systems. Cost

estimates shall be prepared using

professionally recognized cost

estimating tools, guides and techniques.

603.2.2.4 Perform a life cycle cost

analysis using the procedure specified

in subsection 603.2.

603.2.2.5 Compare the total life

cycle cost of each energy source

alternative. The alternative with the

lowest total life cycle cost shall be

chosen as the energy source for the

proposed design.

§ 434.604 Compliance.

604.1 Compliance with this section

is demonstrated if the Design Energy

Use is equal to or less than the Energy

Use Budget.

DEU < EUB

Equation 604

604.2 The energy consumption shall

be measured at the building five foot

line for all fuels. Energy consumed from

non-depletable energy sources and heat

recovery systems shall not be included

in the Design Energy Use calculations.

The thermal efficiency of fixtures,

equipment, systems or plants in the

proposed design shall be simulated by

the selected calculation tool.

§ 434.605 Standard calculation procedure.

605.1 The Standard Calculation

Procedure consists of methods and

assumptions for calculating the Energy

Use Budgets for Prototype and

Reference Buildings and the Design

Energy Use for the Proposed Design. In

order to maintain consistency between

the Energy Use Budgets and the Design

Energy Use, the input assumptions

stated in subsection 510.2 are to be

used.

605.2 The terms Energy Cost Budget

and Design Energy Cost or Design

Energy Consumption used in Subpart E

of this part correlate to Energy Use

Budget and Design Energy Use,

respectively, in this Subpart F.

§ 434.606 The simulation tool.

606.1 The criteria established in

subsection 521 for the selection of a

simulation tool shall be followed when

using the compliance path prescribed in

this subpart F.

§ 434.607 Life cycle cost analysis.

607.1 The following life cycle cost

criteria applies to the fuel selection

requirements of this subpart and to

option life cycle cost analyses

performed to evaluate energy

conservation design alternatives. The

fuel source(s) selection shall be made in

accordance with the requirements of

subpart A of 10 CFR part 436. When

performing optional life cycle cost

analyses of energy conservation

opportunities the designer may use the

life cycle cost procedures of subpart A

of 10 CFR part 436 or OMB Circular 1–

94 or an equivalent procedure that

meets the assumptions listed below:

607.1.1 The economic life of the

Prototype Building and Proposed Design

shall be 25 years. Anticipated

replacements or renovations of energy

related features and systems in the

Prototype or Reference Building and

Proposed Design during this period

shall be included in their respective life

cycle cost calculations.

607.1.2 The designer shall follow

established professional cost estimating

practices when determining the costs

and benefits associated with the energy

related features of the Prototype or

Reference Building and Proposed

Design.

607.1.3 All costs shall be expressed

in current dollars. General inflation

shall be disregarded. Differential

escalation of prices (prices estimated to

rise faster or slower than general

inflation) for energy used in the life

cycle cost calculations shall be those in

effect at the time of the latest ‘‘Annual

Energy Outlook’’ (DOE/EIA–0383) as

published by the Department of

Energy’s Energy Information

Administration.

607.1.4 The economic effects of

taxes, depreciation and other factors not

consistent with the practices of subpart

A of 10 CFR part 436 shall not be

included in the life cycle cost

calculation.

Subpart G - Reference Standards

§ 434.701 Reference standards.

701.1 General. The standards,

technical handbooks, papers,

regulations, and portions thereof, that

are referred to in the sections and

subsections in the following list are

hereby incorporated by reference into

this part 434. The following standards

have been approved for incorporation

by reference by the Director of the

Federal Register in accordance with 5

U.S.C. 522(a) and 1 CFR part 51. A

notice of any change in these materials

will be published in the Federal

Register. The standards incorporated by

reference are available for inspection at

the Office of the Federal Register, 800

North Capitol Street, N.W., suite 700,

Washington, DC. The following

standards are incorporated by reference

in this part:

Ref. No. Standard Designation Section

RS–1 ASHRAE/IES 90.1–89, Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except New Low-Rise Residential Buildings,

and Addenda 90.1b, 90.1c, 90.1d, 90.1e, 90.1g, and 90.1i, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329.

301.1

RS–2* ANSI/ASHRAE 55–92, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329

RS–3* NEMA MG1–1993, ‘‘Motors and Generators,’’ Revision No. 1, December 7, 1993, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037.401.1

RS–4 ASHRAE, Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals Volume, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329.301.1

402.1.1

402.1.2.4

RS–5 ASTM C177–85, Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties

by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

402.1.1

402.1.2.1

402.1.2.2
40936 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules

Ref. No. Standard Designation Section

RS–6 ASTM C518–85, Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties

by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

402.1.1

402.1.2.1

Table 402.1.2.2

Table 403.2.9.2

RS–7 ASTM C236–80, Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a

Guarded Hot Box, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

402.1.1

402.1.2.1

402.1.2.2

RS–8 ASTM C976–82, Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a Calibrated Hot

Box, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

402.1.1

402.1.2.1

402.1.2.2

RS–9 Johannesson, Gudni, ‘‘Thermal Bridges in Sheet Metal Construction,’’ Studies in Building Physics, Division of

Building Technology, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, Report TVAHB–3007, 1981 (see also

FEDERAL REGISTER, Volume 54, No. 18, January 30, 1989, 10 CFR Part 434).

402.1.2.3

RS–10* ASTM E283–89, Test Method for Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors,

ASTM, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

402.2

402.2.1

RS–11* ANSI/AAMA 101–88, Aluminum Prime Windows and Sliding Glass Doors, American Architectural Manufacturers Association, Des Plaines, IL 60018.402.2.1

RS–12* ASTM D4099–89, Specifications for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Prime Windows, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA

19103.

402.2.1

RS–13* ANSI/NWWDA I.S.2–93, Wood Window Units, National Wood Window and Door Association (formerly the National Woodwork Manufacturers Association), Des Plaines, IL 60018.402.2.1

RS–14* ANSI/NWWDA I.S.3–87, Wood Sliding Patio Doors, National Wood Window and Door Association (formerly the

National Woodwork Manufacturers Association), Des Plaines, IL 60018, 1987.

402.2.2.1

RS–15* ARI Standard 210/240–89, Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment, Air-Conditioning

and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1989. (Addendum 90.1i).

403.1

RS–16 ARI Standard 360–86, Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning Equipment, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.403.1

RS–17 ARI Standard 340–86, Commercial and Industrial Unitary Heat Pump Equipment, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.403.1

RS–18* ARI 310–90, Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA

22209, 1990 (Addendum 90.1i)..

403.1.

RS–19* ARI Standard, 380–90, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington,

VA 22209, 1990. (Addendum 90.1i).

403.1

RS–20 Code of Federal Regulations, 10 CFR, Part 430, Appendix N, Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy

Consumption of Furnaces (49 FR 12159, March 28, 1984, as amended at 54 FR 6076, February 7, 1989; 64

FR 11320, March 17, 1989), January 1, 1991, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. (Addendum 90.1b).

403.1

RS–21 ANSI Z21.47–90, Gas-Fired Central Furnaces (Except Direct Vent and Separated Combustion System Furnaces); Addenda Z21.47 A–1985, Addenda Z21.47B–1986, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH

44131, 1990. (Addendum 90.1b).

403.1

RS–22* U.L. 727–90, Oil-Fired Central Furnaces, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062, 1990. (Addendum

90.1b).

403.1

RS–23 ANSI Z83.9–90, Gas-Fired Duct Furnaces, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1990. (Addendum 90.1b).403.1

RS–24 ANSI Z83.8–90, Gas Unit Heaters; Addenda Z83.8A–1986, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131,

1990. (Addendum 90.1b).

403.1

RS–25 U.L. 731–88, Oil-Fired Unit Heaters (R–1985), Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062, 1988. (Addendum 90.1b).403.1

RS–26 CTI Standard—201(86), Certification Standard for Commercial Water Cooling Towers, Cooling Tower Institute,

P.O. Box 73383, Houston, TX 77273, 1986.

403.1

RS–27 ARI Standard 320–86, Water-Source Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA

22209, 1986.

403.1

RS–28 ARI Standard 325–85, Ground Water-Source Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1985.403.1

RS–29 ARI Standard 365–87, Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning Condensing Units, Air-Conditioning

and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1987.

403.1

RS–30* ARI Standard 550–90, Centrifugal or Rotary Water-Chilling Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1990.403.1

RS–31 ARI Standard 590–86, Reciprocating Water-Chilling Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209, 1986.403.1

RS–32 ANSI Z21.13–87, Gas-Fired Low-Pressure Steam and Hot Water Boilers, Addenda Z21.13A–1983, American

Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1987. (Addendum 90.1b).

403.1

RS–33 ANSI/U.L., 726–90, Oil-Fired Boiler Assemblies (R–1986), Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL 60062,

1990. (Addendum 90.1b).

403.1

RS–34 HVAC Duct Construction Standards—Metal and Flexible, 1st Ed., Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors

Assoc., Vienna, VA 22180, 1985.

403.2.9.3

RS–35 HVAC Duct Leakage Test Manual, 1st Ed., Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors Assoc., Vienna, VA

22180, 1985.

403.2.9.3

403.1

RS–36 Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standard, 5th Ed., Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors Assoc., Vienna, VA 22180, 1979.403.2.9.3

RS–37 Code of Federal Regulations 10 CFR, Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix E, Uniform Test Method for Measuring

the Energy Consumption of Water Heaters (55 FR 42619, October 17, 1990), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Table 404.1

RS–38 ANSI Z21.56–89, Gas Fired Pool Heaters, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1989 ................... Table 404.1
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 152 / Tuesday, August 6, 1996 / Proposed Rules 40937

Ref. No. Standard Designation Section

RS–39 ANSI Z21.10.3–1990, Gas Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage with Input Ratings above 75,000 Btu’s per Hour,

Circulating and Instantaneous Water Heaters, American Gas Association, Cleveland, OH 44131, 1990.

404.1

404.1.1

RS–40 ANSI/AHAM RAC–1–1982, Room Air Conditioners, Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, Chicago, IL

60606, 1982.

403.1

RS–41 ASHRAE Standard 62–1989, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329, 1989.403.2.4

RS–42 ANSI Z21.66–1988, Automatic Vent Damper Devices for Use with Gas-Fired Appliances, 1988 .......................... 404.1

RS–43 NEMA MG 10–1983 (R 1988), Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Polyphase Motors, National Electric Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, 20037.

RS–44 NEMA MG 11–1977 (R 1982, 1987), Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Single-Phase Motors, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037.

RS–45 ARI Standard 330–93, Ground-Source Closed Loop Heat Pumps, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute,

Arlington, VA 22209.

403.1

RS–46 ARI Standard 560–92, Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating Packages, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, VA 22209.403.1

RS–47 ASHRAE, Handbook, 1991 Applications Volume, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329..

RS–48 ASHRAE, Handbook, 1993 Fundamentals Volume, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 30329.

RS–49 Codified Version of ASHRAE Standard 90.1–1989, Energy Code for Commercial and High Rise Residential

Buildings, including addenda b, c, d, e, g, and i

Example Alternate Component Package

Tables

The example Alternate Component

Package tables illustrate the

requirements of subsections 301.1,

402.3.1., 402.3.2, 402.4.1.1 and

402.4.1.2. Copies of specific tables

contained in this example can be

obtained from the Energy Code for

Federal Commercial Buildings, Docket

No. EE–RM–79–112–C, Buildings

Division, EE–432, Office of Codes and

Standards, U.S. Department of Energy,

Room 1J–018, 1000 Independence

Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585,

(202) 586–0517.

[FR Doc. 96–19671 Filed 8–5–96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P