T hi s di s pos i t i on i s n o t ap p ro p ri at e fo r p u b l i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by N i nth C i r c ui tR ul e 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T
C HR I S S Y MAZ Z E O, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. B I L L YO UN G, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t,
a nd J AME S AR T HU R GI B B ON S ; S I GMUN D R OG I C H; L AS VE GA S M ETRO PO LI TA N PO LI CE DEPART M ENT, D efen d an t s. N o. 10- 17551 D. C
. No . 2 : 0 8
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A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt

f orthe D i s tr i c tof

N e va da R oge rL . H unt , S e ni orD i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d F e brua ry 13, 2013 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia 

# FI LED MA R 05 2013 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U
. S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

B efo re: S C H R O E D E R , H A W K IN S , an d M U R G U IA , C i rcu i tJu d g es. F o r m e rC la r k C o u n ty , N e v a d a S h e r if f B ill Y o u n g ap p e a ls th e d e n ia l o f h is
mo t i o n f o rs u mma ry j u d g me n to n hi s qu a l i f i e d i mmu n i ty d e f

e n s e i n th i s 4 2 U . S. C. § 1 9 8 3 a c tio n b r o u g h t b y C h r is s y M a z z e o . W e h a v e ju r is d ic tio n o v e rth is in te r lo c u to ry ap p e a l u n d e r2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 , s e e Mitc h e ll v . Fo rs y th , 4 7 2 U
. S
. 511, 5 3 0 ( 1 9 8 5 ) , a n d r e v ie w th e q u e s tio n o f q u a li f i e d i m m u n ity d e n o v o , Kar l v . C i t y of Mou nt lake T

errace , 6 7 8 F . 3 d 1 0 6 2 , 1 0 6 8 ( 9 th C i r . 2 0 1 2 )
. F o rth e r e a s o n s th a tf o l l o w,
w e a f f irm th e d is tr ic t c o u r t’s o r d e rd e n y in g s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t. Y ou ng i s e nt i t l ed t o q ual i fi ed i m m un i ty unl es s “ t aki ng al l fa ct s and i nfer ence s there fr om i n f

avor of the p lain ti ff

, ” Je f f er s v . G om ez , 26 7 F . 3d 89 5, 90 5 (9th C i r. 2001) , the r e c or d s how s Y oung vi ol a t e d M a z z e o’ s c ons t i tut i ona l r i ght s a nd tha tthe
a lle g e d ly v io la te d r ig h t w a s “c le a r ly e s ta b l i s h e d ” a t th e tim e o f Y o u n g ’s c o n d u c t. Sa u c ie rv . Ka tz , 5 3 3 U .S . 1 9 4 , 2 0 1 ( 2 0 0 1 ) , ov e r r ul e d i n par t by P e ars on v . C al lahan , 5 5 5 U .S . 2 2 3 , 2 3 5

– 3 6 ( 2 0 0 9 )
. V ie w in g th e r e c o r d in th e lig h t m o s t f a v o r ab le to M a z z e o , w e c o n s id e rth e f a c ts the di s tr i c tc our ti de nt i f

i e d a s e xa m pl e s of

a dve r s e a c t i on— Y oung’ s s t a t e m e nt s t o theT he di stri ct court ’ s sug gest i on thatY ou ng ’ s s t at em entabou tthe re as on s that 1 M a z z e o d e c lin e d to p u r s u e th e in v e s tig a tio n w a s f a ls e b e c a u s e s h e “in s te a d ” to ld p o li ce o th erre as o n s f

o r d ec li n in g to p ro se cu te is b elie d b y e v id en ce in M az ze o ’s de po si t i o n t e s t i m ony . B e c a us e s uc h a n e xa m i na t i on of the r e c or d c ontr a s t s w i th the prac ti ce o f “t ak[i ng ] , as gi ven, the fa ct s the di stri ctcourtas sum ed w hen i tdeni ed sum m ary j ud gm ent , ” J ohns on , 515 U
. S
. a t319, a nd b e c a us e the r e c or d c ont a i ns al l eg at i o n s o f ad v erse act i o n ad eq u at el y su p p o rt ed b y th e reco rd , w e n eed n o tad d ress th e i m p act o f th e d i stri ct co u rt ’ s rel i an ce o n th is f a c t, see , e . g. , Sc o tt v . H a r r is , 550 U . S
. 37 2, 38 0 (20 07 ) ( re vers i ng court of appeal s for re l yi ng on di sput ed i ss ue of fa ct th a t w a s c le a r ly c o n tr a d ic te d b y th e r e c o r d )
. T he di stri ctcourtfoun d thata tri abl e i ss ue of fac texi st ed as t o w hether 2 de f e nda nt s J i m G i bbons , S i gm und R ogi c h, a nd B i l l Y oung, a m ong othe r s , a c t e d i n a co n sp i racy t o ret al i at e ag ai n stM azzeo fo r h er ex erci se o f h er F i rstA m en d m en tri g h t s, a d e te r m in a tio n o f

f a c t w e c a n n o t r e v ie w in th e c o n te x t o f th is in te r lo c u to r y ap p e a l, J ohns on , 515 U
. S
. a t318. I f the s e a l l e ga t i ons a r e c orr e c t , Y oung m a y be l i abl e f orthe a c ts o f o th e r m e m b e r s o f

th e c o n s p ir a c y . See L aceyv. M ari copa Cnt

y. , 693 F
. 3d 896, 9 3 5 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 1 2 ) ( e n b a n c )
. 3 pr e s s a nd S i gm und R ogi c h’ s i nvol ve m e nt i n di r e c t i ng a w i tne s s t o c r a f ta m i s l e a di ng 1
s t a t e m e nt

— a l ong w i th othe r f a c t s i n the r e c or d tha t the di s tr i c t c our t l i ke l y r e l i e d on, i nc l udi ng the c onduc t of Y oung’ s c o- c ons pi r a t o rs. S ee John son v. Jones , 5 1 5 U . S. 2 30 4, 31 9 (19 95 ) ( w here a di stri ctcourtdo es no tst at e tho se fa ct s i tassu m ed w hen d e n y i n g s u mma ry j u d g me n t , th i s c o u r t ma y b e r e q u i r e d t o “ u n d e r t a k e a c u mb e r s o me
rev i ew o f th e reco rd t o d et erm i n e w h atfact s th e d i stri ctco u rt , i n th e l i g h tm o st fa vo rabl e t o the no nm ov i ng party, l i kel y a ss um ed”)
. Y o u n g ’s s p e e c h
- b a s e d a c tio n s m a y n o t, a lo n e , b e s u f f ic ie n t to c o n s titu te
a d v e r s e a c tio n , s e e , e . g. , N un ezv. C i t

y of L os A ng eles , 14 7 F . 3d 86 7, 87 5 (9th C i r.4

1 9 9 8 ) , p a r tic u la r ly in lig h t o f Y o u n g ’s o w n F ir s t A m e n d m e n t r ig h ts , s e e , e . g. , N ew Y ork T i m e s C o. v . Sul l i v an , 376 U
. S
. 254, 270 ( 1964)
. B u t, t a ke n t oge the r , the
c onduc tat t ri but abl e t o Y oung c ons t i tut e s a dve r s e a c t i on s uf f i c i e ntt o s us t a i n a
r e ta lia tio n c la im a s it s u g g e s ts a “c a m p a ig n [ ] o f h a r a s s m e n t a n d h u m i l i a t i o n ,” Cosz al te rv . Ci t

y of Sa l em , 320 F . 3d 96 8, 97 5– 76 (9th C i r. 20 03 ), and evi dences

“ coer ci on , pers uasi on , and i nt i m i dat i on , ” W hi te v . L ee , 22 7 F . 3d 12 14 , 12 28 (9th C i r. 2 0 0 0 ) , s u f

f ic ie n t t o “ c h i l l o rs ile n c e a p e r s o n o f o r d in a ry f

irm n e s s ” in c o n tin u in g in th e irF ir s t A m e n d m e n t a c tiv itie s . Me ndoc i no E nvt l
. C en t. v. Mendo ci no Cnt y. , 192 F .3 d 1 2 8 3 , 1 3 0 0 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 9 )
. T he r e l e va ntl e ga l pr i nc i pl e s w e r e a l s o c l e a r l y e s t abl i s he d a tthe t i m e of Y o u n g ’s a c tio n s , a s it w a s “b e y o n d d e b a te ,”A s hc r of t v . al

- Ki dd , 131 S
. C t . 2074, 2083 (201 1), that“ ca m pai gn s of har as sm entor i nt i m i dat i on , ” C oszal ter , 320 F
. 3 d at975, or “ other m ea ns of coer ci on , pers uasi on , and i nt i m i dat i on , ” W h ite , 227 F
. 3d a t1228, i f pr ove n, c oul d c ons t i tut e a dve r s e a c t i on s uf f i c i e n t t o su p por tF i r s tA m e ndm e nt
r e ta lia tio n c la im s . T h u s, be c a us e the r e c or d, vi e w e d i n the l i ghtm os tf a vor abl e t o M a z z e o,

“ supp ort [s ] a cl ai m of vi ol at i on of cl ea rl y e st abl i shed l aw , ” Mitc h e ll , 472 U
. S
. a t528
n. 9, the di s tr i c tc our tdi d note rri n d en yi n g Y o ung’ s m ot i on f ors um m a ry j udgm e nt
o n h is q u a lif

ie d im m u n ity d e f

e n s e . A FFI R M ED .