GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 232 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF 

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN 

THE PACIFIC STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, R. T. Kiser C. S. Howard, and I. W. Walling 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Oscar L. Chapman, Secn:taty 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 232 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN 

THE PACIFIC STATES, 1952 

By E. W. G>hr, R. T. Kiser C. S. Howard, and I. W. Walling 

Washington, D. C. 1952 

Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction • • . • • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • 1 

California . • . • . . • . • • • . • • • • • • • 3-59 

Alameda • . . • . • • • • • . • • • . • • . • • • 3 

Alhambra • . . • • . . . . . • • . • . • • . • . 3 

Arcadia .•••.••....••.•••..•. : 4 

Bakersfield . . • . . • • • . • . • . • • . . . 5 

Berkeley . • • • • . . • • . . . • . • . • . • • 5 

Beverly Hills • . . . . • . • • • • • . . 6-7 

Burbank . • . • • . . • . • • • • . • • • • • • . 8 

Compton . . . • . . . • . . • . • . . . . • • • • 9 

Contra Costa District . . • • • 10-11 

Culver City . . • . . • . . • • . • . . . • . 12 

East Bakersfield . • . . . • . . • • • • 13 

East Los Angeles • . • . • . . . . . . 13 

Eureka • . . . . . . • • . . . . . • • • . • . . 14 

Fresno . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . • 15 

Glendale • • . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . 16 

Huntington Park . . . . • . . • . . . . . 17 

Inglewood • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . 18 

Long Beach . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . 19 

Los Angeles . . . . . . . . • . • . . 20-23 

Metropolitan Water District 

of Southern California . . . . 22-23 

Lynwood . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . 24 

Manhattan Beach • . . . . . . . • . . . 25 

Monrovia • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

Monterey . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

Monterey Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 

National City . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 29 

Oakland . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . 30-31 

Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Oxnard • . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . • . 33 

Palo Alto . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 34 

Pasadena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 35-36 

Pomona ................... 37 

Redondo Beach . . . • . . . . . . . . . 3 8 

Redwood City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

Richmond . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . • . 3 9 

Riverside . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 40 

Sacramento . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 41 

San Bernardino . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 

San Diego . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 43 -44 

San Francisco ........... 45-47 

Page 

California--Continued ............ 49-59 

San. Jose • . • .. . . .. .. • . • . . • . • • • • • .. 48 

Bart I...eandro • • • .. • .. • • • • • • • • • • • .. 48 

San. Mateo • • • . • .. . • • .. • • . • . • . • . • 48 

Santa Ana • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • . • 49 

Santa Barbara • • • • • • • • • .. • .. • .. 50-51 

SantaCruz .................... 52 

Sarlta Monica • • • • • • • • • . • • • . . • 53 

Santa Rosa • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • 54 

8()uth Gate . • • • .. • • • • • • • . • • • • .. • 55 

Stockton . . . . . • • • . • • • • • . • . • • . • 56 

Torr3Jlce • • • • . • • . .. • . • • . . . • . • • 57 

Vallejo . . • • • . . . . • • • . • . • • • • • • 58 

Whittier • • • . . . • • • . • . . . • . • . • • • 59 

Oregon . • • • • . . • . . • • • • . . . • • • • 60-71 

Alb3lly . • • . • . • • . • • . • . • . • • • • • 60 

Astoria . . . . . • • • • . . . • . • . • • • • • 61 

Bend • . • . • . • . • • . . • . • • . . • . • . . . 62 

Coos Bay..................... 63 

Corvallis . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . • 64 

Eugene • . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 

Klamath Falls . . . • . • • . . . . . . • . . 66 

Medford . . . . . . • . . • . . • . . . . . . . . 67 

Pendleton . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . • . . . . 68 

Portland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . 69 

Salem . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 70 

Springfield . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 71 

Washington . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • • . 72-89 

Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • 72 

Bellingham . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 73 

Bremerton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4-7 5 

Everett . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 76 

Longview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 77 

Olympia . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 

Renton . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 

Richland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-81 

Seattle . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 

Spokane . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . 83 -84 

Tacoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-86 

Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 

Walla Walla ... :. . • . . . . . . . . . . 87 

Wenatchee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 

Yakima ............•.... o... 89 

ILLUSTRATION 

Figure 1. Map of the United States showing sections covered by the nine circulars 

on the Industrial Utility of Public Water Supplies of the United States, 1952. 

The shaded portion represents the section of the country covered by this 

circular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . 2 

iii 

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

IN THE PACIFIC STATES, 1952 

By E. W. Lohr, R. T. Kiser, C. S. Howard, 

and I. W. Walling 

INTRODUCTION 

The location of industrial plants is dependent on an ample water supply of suitable quality. Information relating to the chemical characteristics of the water supplies is not only essential to the location of many plants but also is an aid in the 

manufacture and distribution of many commodities. 

Public water supplies are utilized extensively as a source of supply for many 

industrial plants, used either as delivered for domestic consumption or with further treatment if necessary to meet specific needs of the plant, such as water for 

processing, cooling, and steam generation. The industrial use of water in the 

United States in 1950 was estimated to be more than 75 billion gallons per day from 

private sources. In addition, about 6 billion gallons per day was estimated to be 

taken from public water supplies. 

U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 658, "The industrial utility of 

public water supplies in the United States, 1932" contains information pertaining 

to the public water supplies of 670 of the larger cities throughout the United States. 

This report, which is still in print and being distributed, has filled an important 

need in the field of water-supply engineering. The demand for more up-to-date 

information and more extended coverage has led to studies by the Geological Survey for revision of the information contained in the 1932 report. The revised report, which will include data pertaining to public water supplies of more than 1, 200 

cities in the United States, will eventually be published as a Geological Survey 

Water-Supply Paper. However, in order that the information might be available 

at the earliest possible time, nine preliminary reports are being issued which 

give data on the larger cities in each state. These nine reports are being released 

as Geological Survey Circulars, each covering a group of states as delineated by 

the Bureau of Census in taking the census of the population of the country. (See 

fig. 1). The reports give desc'riptive inforamtion and analytical data for approximately three-fourths of the cities that will i:Je included in the final report for each 

of the states. 

This circular is the fifth of the series and includes data for the States of California, Oregon, and Washington. (See fig. 1). The report gives the population 

(1950) of the city, the population supplied, ownership, sources and treatment of 

supplies, capacity of treatment plants, storage facilities for both raw and finished 

waters, and chemical analyses of the water for a total of 80 of the larger cities of 

California, Oregon, and Washington. The data for each city are essentially the 

same as will appear in the complete report for the whole country. 

Data for the supplies in California, Oregon, and Washington were compiled 

mainiy by R. T. Kiser, chemist, Salt Lake City, assisted by I. W. Walling, district chemist, Sacramento, for the supplies in California. The work was done under 

the general supervision of C. S. Howard, regional chemist, Salt Lake City. Review 

and final assembly of the data were made oy E. W. Lohr in the Washington office 

under the directio~ of S. K. Love, Chief, Quality of Water Branch. 

1 
N 

N Dak 

SOak 

Nebr 

Colo 

N I': an 

N Mex Okla 

Tex 

WEST 

SOUTH 

Figure 1. -Map of the United States showing sections covered by the nine circulars on the Industrial Utility of Public Water Supplies of the 

United States, 1952. The shaded portion represents the section of the country covered by thi~ circular. 
CALIFORNIA 

CALIFORNIA 

ALAMEDA 

(Population, 64, 430) 

Ownership: East Bay Municipal Utility District. (See Oakland.) 

Ownership: Municipal. 

ALHAMBRA 

(Population, 51, 359) 

Source: 9 wells ranging in depth from 300 to 872ft . The yield of the wells is reported to be from 900 to 3, 150 gpm. Emergency supply from wells owned by 

California Water and Telephone Co. , South Pasadena. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs and tanks, 27, 675, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Well2 WellS Well12 

Silica (SiOa) .•.•............ -- -- -- Iron (Fe) •........•..••.•... .041 .02 .02 

Manganese (Mn) •••.•••••• .00 .00 oOO 

Calcium (Ca) ............•. 35 40 42 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.•.••••. 7.0 10 11 

Sodium (Na) ..... ~ .......... 19 25 23 

Potassium (K) ............ -- -- -- Carbonate (CO,) .•••...•.. 0 0 -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 129 154 146 

Sulfate (S04 } ............... 21 17 24 

Chloride (Cl) .•••.••..•.•.. 13 26 27 

Fluoride (F) ••.••...••.•.•. ~a .5 .4 

Nitrate (NO,) ..•........••. 11 20 19 

Dissolved solids ......... 221 261 262 

Hudness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...•••••••............ 115 143 149 

Noncarbonate •· · •· · · •• · · 9 17 29 

Color ..•..........•.......... -- -- -- pH ...........•...•.....•...... 7.4 7.3 7.3 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 317 389 400 

Turbidity .••..•..•...•...... -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- Date of collection •....... Feb. 9, Feb. 9, Febo 9, 

1951 1951 1951 

Depth. (feet) ............... 734 764 862 

Diameter (inches) ........ 30-18-16 30-20-16 20 

Date drilled ............... 1931 1935 1948 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- a Receives water from Wells 8, Longden, and Garfield. 

3 

Longden Garfield a Well Reservoir 

-- -- .o .oo 

.00 .00 

36 53 

7.0 8 15 

28 27 

-- -- 0 -- 132 151 

26 40 

17 46 

.8 .5 

21 36 

238 326 

123 196 

15 72 

-- -- 7.3 7.8 

371 535 

-- -- -- -- Feb. 9, Feb. 9, 

1951 1951 

778 

26-20 

1926 

--
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

ARCADIA 

(Population, 23, 066) 

Source: 11 wells ranging in depth from 462 to 862 ft. The yield of the wells 

ranges from 500 to 3, 600 gpm. Emergency supply from wells owned by 

Southern California Water Co. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 10, 500, 000 gaL 

Analyses indicate that there is considerable variation in the character of the water 

from the individual wells of approximately same depth and at different depths. 

The analyses selected show the range in dissolved solids and hardness in the 

water from the different wells. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Pomeroy & Assoc. , Pasadena, Calif.) 

Orange Orange Longden Camino Rancho 

Grove Grove Weill a Real WellS 

WelllA Well4A Weill 

Silica (Si<>t) .•.............. 11 12 18 14 14 

Iron (Fe) ................... -- I -- -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) .......... -- I -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 26 44 48 39 79 

Magnesium (.Mg) .......... 5. 2 14 11 11 24 

Sodium (Na) ................. 50 33 13 19 18 

Potassium (K) ............ 1.7 1.8 3.0 1.5 2.1 

Carbonate (COs) .......... -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 156 187 201 182 204 

Sulfate (804 ) ................ 48 60 11 21 121 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 13 15 7.0 9.3 14 

Fluoride (F) ............... 1,0 .8 .4 .9 .8 

Nitrate (N03) .............. 5. 6 7.4 13 b 2. 5 28 

Dissolved solids ......... b238 bso 234 208 b401 

Hardness as CaC<Js:. 

Total ...................... 86 167 164 143 296 

Noncarbonate ........... 0 14 0 0 128 

Color ........................ -- -- -- -- -- pH ............................ 7. 5 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) -- -- 355 -- -- Turbidity ...•.•.••...•...... -- -- 1.1 -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ........ Feb. 7, Feb. 7, May 8, Feb. 7, Feb. 7, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) .............. 462 466 550 714 -- Diameter (inches) ........ 22 16 26 20 -- Date drilled ............... 1921 1921 1927 1949 -- Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- a 

Analyzed by California State Dept. of Public Health. 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

4 
CALIFORNIA 

BAKERSFIELD 

(Population, 34, 784) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co.; supplies East Bakersfield and other 

consumers outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 75, 000. 

Source: About 80 wells ranging in depth from 60 to 682 ft. The yield of the wells 

(data on 44 wells) is reported to range from 160 to 1, 250 gpm, and to average 

716 gal. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 10,300,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California Water Service Co., San Jose, Calif.) ---------~-- -

Well Well Well Well Range of 

79-01 70-01 7-06 11-03 constituents a 

Silica (SiOa) ••.••........... 14 20 24 21 9 - 33 

Iron (Fe) •..•....••..••..... .08 .01 .04 .00 .00- . 63 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• • 04 .06 .01 .01 .00- 1.7 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 5.2 23 34 62 5.2 -128 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••.•• 1.2 3.9 7.8 14 1.0 - 75 

Sodium (Na) .... ,. .......... 34 25 24 37 10 -171 

Potassium (K) •...•....•.. -- -- -- -- -- -- C~rbonate (COs) .•........ -- -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 85 115 142 205 59 -250 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 11 16 24 59 6.2 -384 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 7 10 19 38 5 -411 

Fluoride (F) ••.•....•...... -- -- -- --- -- -- Nitrate (NO,) ..•.•......... • 6 b 3.1 b 1. 8 16 .o - 35 

Dissolved solids ......... b 115 157 205 b348 108 -1,010 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total .....•................ 18 73 118 214 18 -628 

Noncarbonate •• · •• · · · · · · 0 0 1 44 ' -- --

Color •.•......•...•..•..••.•. -- -- -- -- -- -- pH •..........•...•..........•. 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.6 8.3 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 180 253 339 572 180 1,620 

Turbidity .•••.•••••..•...... -- -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••...... Oct. 27, Sept. 11, Apr. 23, Apr. 23, 1948 -1951 

1950 1950 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 615 300 250 240 60 - 682 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16 16 16 16 -- -- Date drilled .............•. 1949 1948 1946 1939 -- -- Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- -- a Based on 80 analyses (1 analysis from each well) made between 1948-1951. 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

BERKELEY 

(Population, 113, 805) 

Ownership: East Bay Municipal Utility District. (See Oakland.) 

5 
CALIFORNIA 

BEVERLY lULLS 

(Population, 29, 032) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also West Hollywood. Total population supplied, 

about 41,000. 

S.ource: 17 wells ranging in depth from 90 to 702 ft (83 percent of supply); Colorado River (17 percent of supply), furnished by the Metropolitan Water District 

of Southern California (see Los Angeles). The yield of the wells is reported 

to range from 100 to 900 gpm, and to average 540 gal. 

Treatment: Aeration, softening with excess lime, recarbonation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1, 171, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 18, 780,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Beverly Hills) 

Franklin Tatum City 

Well 9 Well 1-A Well 1-A 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••••••••.•••• 10 27 35 

Iron (Fe)· •••.••.•....••••••••••••••• 0 . 15 0 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••.•••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..•••.••••.••••.••••• 61 50 76 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•••••••••••••• 27 30 39 

Sodium (Na) ...••••••••..•.••..•••• } 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

47 158 195 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Bicarbonate (BCOJ ••••.•••••••• 281 415 517 

Sulfate (S04) • • • .................... 72 106 79 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••.••••••.••• 30 100 190 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... 1.2 .4 . 3 

Nitrate (NOJ •••••••••.••••••••••• 18 -- -- Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••• a405 a676 a868 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •.••••••••••.••••.•••••••••• 263 248 350 

Noncarbonate •••••..•••••.•••• 32 0 0 

Color ................... ............ -- -- -- pH ............•...................•.. -- 7.5 7.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C .. ) •••••• 600 1,050 1,380 

Turbidity .••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••.••••••••• -- -- -- Date of analysis .....•.•••...•.• ~ Spring, 1951 Spring, 1951 Spring, 1951 

Depth (feet) ...................... 90 400 411 

Diameter (inches) .•..•......•.. 16 16 16 

Date drilled •••• •-• ••• 'It ••••••••••• 1921 1930 1948 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

6 

Melrose 

M Well 

23 

0 

--

31 

9 

186 

--

371 

43 

120 

. 5 

-- a594 

114 

0 

--

8.0 

1,000 

--

-- Spring, 1951 

600 

16 

1948 

--
CALIFORNIA 

BEVERLY HILLS--Continued 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Beverly Hills) 

Plant 1 Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 2 

(raw water) (finished (raw water) (finished 

water) water) 

Silica (SiO:a) •.•••.••••.••••.•.•••• 20 20 12 12 

Iron (Fe) •...••.•...•••••••..•••••.• • 20 .10 . 20 . 20 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••.•••• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .••.•.••••.•••..••••• 75 25 42 22 

Magnesium (Mg) .• o ••••.•••••••• 30 26 16 12 

Sodium (Na) .•.•.•.•••••.•.••.••••. } 148 148. 160 159 PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COJ ••..••.••.••••.•• -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ •.••..••••• o. 398 207 403 303 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • •• • • •• 108 110 68 70 

Chloride ( Cl) •.••.•....••...••...• 138 148 84 90 

Fluoride (F) ............. ·•··· ... .4 .4 . 6 . 6 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••••••••.•.•••••••. -- -- -- -- Dissolved solids •.•.•.•••.••.••• a716 a580 a581 a515 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •.•.•••.••••.•••.••••••••••• 310 170 170 102 

Noncarbonate ..••.•.•.•• o ••••• 0 0 0 0 

Color ••• o ••••••.••• o• ••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- pH. o .. ····························o·• 7o5 8.2 8.0 8.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c •. ) 00 •••• 1,100 920 920 840 

Turbidity ·····o•···········•oo••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••. o. o •••• o. -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••• o •o ••• Oct. 1951 Oct. 1951 Oct. 1951 Oct. 1951 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av 

Raw water.l? .••. 0

. -- 330 300 -- Finished water.~· -- 176 150 -- Raw water.<? ..•.•.• -- 330 304 -- Finished water ~-. -- 250 230 -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

b Plant 1. 

cPlant 2. 

Max 

--

--

--

--

7 

(ppm) 

Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

7.6 -- 320 300 -- -- -- 8.1 -- 168 160 -- -- -- 8.0 -- 172 164 -- -- -- 8.1 -- 106 98 -- -- --
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

BURBANK 

(Population, 78, 577) 

Source: 11 wells (3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 to 15) ranging in depth from 180 to 790ft, 98 

percent of supply; Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 2 percent of supply. (See Los Angeles. ) The 

yield of the wells is reported to range from 500 to 2, 860 gpm. 

Treatment: The well water is not treated. Colorado River water is softened and 

filtered by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. 

Raw-water storage: Approximately 35,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: --

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Carl Wilson, Los Angeles) 

Well4 Well7 Well10 Well11 Well14 

Silica (Si(\) ...••....•...... 20 19 25 24 19 

Iron (Fe) ................... 0 0 0 0 0 

Manganese (Mn) .......... 0 0 0 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 67 66 52 51 50 

Magnesium (Mg) .......... 18 17 14 15 14 

Sodium (Na) ............... 33 39 35 19 31 

Potassium (K) ............ -- -- -- -- -- C~rbonate (CO,) .......... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 275 275 242 189 222 

Sulfate (804) ............... 43 49 47 46 41 

Chloride {Cl) .............. 24 25 12 16 16 

Fluoride (F) ............... -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NO,) .............. 13 12 . 5 5 4 

Dissolved solids ......... a354 a362 a305 a269 a284 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total ...................... 241 235 187 189 18~ 

Noncarbonate ··••···•··· 16 10 0 34 0 

Color ........................ -- -- -- -- -- pH ............................ 7. 5 7.4 7.9 7.9 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) -- -- -- -- -- Turbidity ................... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ........ Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 227 630 588 653 730 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16 20 20 20 20 

Date drilled ............... 1924 1939 -- -- 1950 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

8 
CALIFORNIA 

COMPTON 

(Population, 47, 991) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 49, 000. 

Source: 9 wells (1, 2, 6, and 8 to 13), 256, 282, 280, 717, 642, 466, 640, 410, 

and 738 ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be 630, 790, 360, 740, 

1, 200, 1, 080, 2, 000, 450, and 1, 350 gpm. Emergency supply from the Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. (See Los Angeles. ) 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 3, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Welll Well6 Well9 Well10 We111f 

Silica (SiOr,) .•.•............ --- -- -- --- -- Iron (Fe) •..•.....•...•..... . 03 .17 . 08 . 03 .04 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• .0 .o .0 .0 .o 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 57 87 51 68 58 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.••••.•• 12 18 6.7 12 10 

Sodium (Na) ............... 40 48 44 27 43 

Potassium (K) .........•.. -- -- -- -- -- C~rbonate (CO,) ..•....... 0 0 0 0 5 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 212 256 173 210 205 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 71 126 88 65 71 

Chloride (Cl) ........•..... 22 40 15 26 21 

Fluoride (F) ••......•...... . 4 .4 .3 .4 .3 

Nitrate (NO,) ............... .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 

Dissolved solids ......... 336 505 315 387 400 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total .....•.•.............. 191 294 154 219 187 

Noncarbonate ...•....... 18 81 12 47 10 

Color .............•.....•.... -- -- -- -- -- pH ...............•............ 7.9 7.6 8.2 7.8 8.3 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.. ) -- -- -- -- -- Turbidity .•..••.••...•...... 0 0 0 0 0 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ........ Mar. 21, Mar. 21, Mar. 21, Mar. 21, Mar. 21, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 256 280 642 466 640 

Diameter (inches) ........ 12 8 28, 16 16 16 

Date drilled ............... 1920 1880 1947 1947 1948 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- --

9 
CALIFORNIA 

CONTRA COST A DISTRICT 

(Population, 43, 000) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co. ; supplies Concord, Crockett, Mountain 

View, Port Chicago, and San Ramon Valley. Total population supplied, about 

43,000. 

Source: San Joaquin River through the Contra Costa Canal (47 percent of supply), 

Sacramento River (45 percent of supply), Port Chicago wells (5 percent of 

supply), and other wells (3 percent of supply). There is an emergency connection with the East Bay Municipal Utility District. (See Oakland.) 

Treatment: Surface waters: prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, activated carbon, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and adjustment 

of pH with soda ash or lime. Water from the Galindo wells is softened with 

zeolite. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1, 000,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 200,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California Water Service Co., San Jose, Calif.) 

Galindo Government 

wells 

(raw water) 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••.•.•••••••• 25 

Iron (Fe) •••• !······················ .06 

Manganese (Mn) •••••• , •.•••.•••• .10 

Calcium (Ca) .•.••••••.••••••••••• 46 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••.•••••••• 36 

Sodium (Na) ...••••••..•.•.••.••••• 41 

Potassiuin (K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- Carbonate (COJ •....•.•..••.•.•. -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.•.••.••• 279 

Sulfate (S04) •••••• ; ................ 56 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.••••.•••••••.•.• 38 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... .1 

Nitrate (NOJ ..•••••..•.•..•.••••. 11 

Dissolved solids •...•.•...•..•.. c391 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..•...•.•••..••...•••••••.•• 262 

Noncarbonate ..••..•..•••.•••• 34 

Color ••••••..•..• ••oo oo. o ooo• •••• o •o -- pH. o ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7.9 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) •••••. -- Turbidity •••••••••.••••••.••••••••• -- Temperature (F.) .•••..•••••••• -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Feb. 8, 

1950 

a Surface waters. 

b Composite sample, distribution system. 

c Sum of determined constituents. 

10 

Ranch 

wells 

21 

.15 

.18 

41 

31 

119 

--

-- 288 

79 

113 

• 1 

11 c 557 

23-0 

0 

--

7. 5 

--

--

-- Jan. 23, 

1950 

Mallard Finished Reservoir ~'f (raw water waterb 

8 8 

.93 .10 

.13 .11 

26 30 

22 19 

65 56 

-- -- -- -- 107 112 

60 77 

103 70 

0 .o 

.6 3.7 

c 338 c 319 

155 152 

68 61 

0 -- 7.2 8.0 

-- -- -- -- -- -- Jan. 3, 1949 

1950 
CALIFORNIA 

CONTRA COST A DISTRICT--Continued 

-

Galindo Government Mallard 

wells Ranch Reservoir Finished 

(raw water) wells (raw water)· water 

Depth (feet) ...................... 193-498 114-610 

Diameter (inches) .•..•......... 10-12 12 

Date drilled ..................... 1910-1929 1925-1928 

Percent of supply .•............. -- --

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- 238 88 7. 5 7.9 7.2 155 262 152 -- -- -- Finished water4 .. 92 -- -- 8.0 -- -- 152 -- -- -- -- --

11 
CALIFORNIA 

CULVER CITY 

(Population, 19, 720) 

Ownership: Southern California Water Co.; supplies also about 4, 100 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 23,800. 

Source: 10 wells. Sentney Plant: wells (5 to 8, 10, and 12), 266, 810, 287, 320, 

290, and 650ft deep; Pacific Plant: well (4), 335 ft deep; Sepulveda Plant: 

well (3), 300ft deep; Manning Plant: wells (4 and 5), 304 and 855 ft deep. 

The yield of the wells is reported to range from 135 to 1, 150 gpm. 

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation with ferrous chloride, activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 350,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Smith-Emery Co. , Los Angeles, Calif.) 

Sentney Pacific Sepulveda Manning 

Wells Well Well Wells 

Silica (SiOJ •.•••••••••••••••.•••• 12 14 12 12 

Iron (Fe) ••••••.•....••••••.•••••••• .06 .1 . 25 . 04 

Manganese (Mn) .................. .03 • 03 .12 • 00 

Calcium (Ca) .•.......•.•••• ··••oo 87 115 106 87 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•.• o •.•••••• o. 42 46 49 30 

Sodium (Na). ····················o· 87 44 .95 46 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Carbonate (CO,) ••..••.•..•••••.• 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.••••.• o• 360 299 366 337 

Sulfate (S04) o •• o •••• o o •• •o ......... 151 209 188 97 

Chloride (Cl) •.•••••••.•••••.•.••• 90 89 125 43 

Fluoride (F) ............. ·•··· ... -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NO,) ....••...•.•..••••••. -- -- -- -- Dissolved solids ..•.•.•.•.••. o •• a646 a665 a756 a481 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..•..••..••.•.....•.•••••••• 389 474 467 340 

Noncarbonate •..•...•.•• o •• o •• 94 231 166 64 

Color •••••.•.•..••••.•.•••••••.••••• -- -- -- -- pH .•...•.•••..••..••..•••••..•••••••• 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••• -- -- -- -- Turbidity •••••••••••...•••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) ..••.••••••••. -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Mar. 27, Apr. 7, Apr. 7, June 2, 

1950 1950 1950 1950 

Depth (feet) ...................... 266-810 335 300 304-855 

Diameter (inches) .•..•......... 14-18 16 16 10-14 

Date drilled ..................... 1931-1946 1932 1938 1938-1944 

Percent of supply ......•........ -- -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

12 
CALIFORNIA 

EAST BAKERSFIELD 

(Population, 38, 177) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co. (See Bakersfield. ) 

EAST LOS ANGELES 

(Population, 85, 900) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co. 

Source: 43 wells ranging in depth from 276 to 815 ft. The depth of most of the 

wells is around 500 ft. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 8, 140, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by California Water Service Co., San Jose, Calif.) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...............•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Typical 

composite 

of wells 

28 

. 04 

. 0 

57 

17 

37 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...•................... 

Noncarbonate ........... . 

Color ..........•............... 

pH .••..•..•............•........ 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 0 

-- Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HC03) • • • • • 206 

Sulfate (S04 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 55 

Chloride (Cl) . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 46 

Fluoride (F) ............... . 0 

Nitrate (N03 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 

Dissolved solids ......... a 342 

25 c.) ..................... . 

Turbidity ...........•••...... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•.•.•... 

Date of collection .••...... 

Depth (feet) ......................•..............................•............•..•.... 

Diameter (inches) ......................•..................•..........•............. 

Date drilled .....................................................................•..• 

Percent of supply ......•.......................................................•... 

a Sum of determined constituents. 

13 

Typical 

composite 

of wells 

212 

43 

7.9 

1950 

100 
CALIFORNIA 

EUREKA 

(Population, 23, 058) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 8, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 31,000. 

Source: Mad River (impounded); emergency supply from 3 deep wells. 

Treatment: Prechlorination; coagulation with alum, sodium aluminate, and lime; 

rapid sand filtration; activated carbon for odor and taste control; postchlorination and ammoniation in the transmission main. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Approximately 750, 000, 000 gal impounded behind Mad River 

Dam. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 125, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Mad b Mad 

Wellsb River a Wells River a 

Silica (SiO:a) •••••.•••• -- -- Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••.•••••• 0. 0.4 0.2 Total ~····· .......... 66 92 

Manganese (Mn) o o o o. .0 . 0 Noncarbonateo o o o o o 6 5 

Calcium (Ca) ••o••ooo• 20 14 

Magnesium (Mg) •• o o. 3.9 14. Color .................... -- -- Sodium (Na). o••oooooo• 2.8 20 pH. 000000000000 0000000000 8.0 7.9 

Potassium (K) o o o o •• o -- -- Specific conductance 

Car bonate (CO,) o o o o. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 73 107 25 c.) oooo ••••••••••• -- -- Sulfate (S04) ••••••• o •• 4.3 . 0 Turbidity ••o•o••······· -- 0 

Chloride (Cl) ·····••oo 5.4 30 Temperature (F 0 ) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••o••••o• .0 .0 Date of collection •• o June 15, June 14, 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••• o ••• .0 3.5 1950 1950 

Dissolved solids; •••. c 73 c 134 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 50 100 20 7.2 7.5 6.5 50 100 30 tn,50C 5 

Finished water .•. 40 90 8 7.0 7.3 6.8 60 100 35 50 5 

~Finished water except for final chlorination. 

Hawthorne Street wells. 

c Sum of determined constituents. 

14 
CA LI'FORNIA 

FRESNO 

(Population, 91, 669) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 16,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 108, 000. 

Source: 45 wells ranging in depth from 80 to 319ft. The depths of most of the 

wells are between 100 and 200ft. The yield of the wells is reported to range 

from 1, 000 to 2, 425 gpm, and to average 1, 489. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 1, 880,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Well2 Well3 Well 24 Well 27 

Silica (SiCa) .•.•............ 73 80 71 73 

Iron (Fe) .........•...•..... .02 .01 .0 .o 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 34 28 15 18 

Magnesium. (.Mg) ••.••••..• 19 17 8.3 13 

Sodium (Na) ............... 29 23 18 i6 

Potassium (K) ••••.••.•••. 5. 9 5.2 3.4 4.4 

Carbonate (COs) •••••.•••. 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 202 172 101 130 

Bullate (804) ............... 13 9.3 9.6 8.4 

Chloride (Cl) .•..•......... 20 18 6.8 8.0 

FluoJ;"ide (F) ••••..••••.•••. .0 .0 .0 .o 

Nitrate (NO,) .............. 27 22 14 14 

Dissolved solids ......... 330 286 202 217 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ......••.............. 163 140 72 98 

Noncarbonate ...•...•... 0 0 0 0 

Color .........•.........•.... 7 5 10 3 

pH ............................ 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. } 451 378 231 269 

Turbidity .•••....•.......... 0 1 3 0 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- Date of collection •....... Oct. 17, Oct. 17, Oct. 17, Oct. 17, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 142 123 162 130 

Diameter (inches) ........ 20 18 18 18 

Date drilled ............... 1922 1923 1925 -- Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- a Analyzed by Twining Laboratories, Fresno, Calif. 

15 

Well32a 

58 

.01 

.00 

25 

14 

22 

4.3 

0 

174 

3o3 

18 

.1 

5.4 

236 

120 

0 

---

7.6 

--

--

-- May 2, 

1947 

182 

20 

1941 

--
CALIFORNIA 

GLENDALE 

(Population, 95, 702) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 400 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 96, 100. 

Source: 11 wells (Grandview 1 to 4, 6, 9 to 12, and Glorietta 3 and 4) ranging in 

depth from 180 to 640ft and Verdugo Stream, about 99 percent of supply. The 

yield of the wells is reported to range from 835 to 3, 190 gpm, and averages 

2, 117 gpm. Most of the supply is from the wells. Auxiliary supply (about 1 

percent of the total), Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water 

District of Southern Californi<i.. (See Los Angeles.) 

Treatment: None (Colorado River water is softened and filtered by Metropolitan 

Water District of Southern California). (See Los Angeles. ) 

Storage: 170,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

~randvie~randview Grandview 

Well 6 Well 11 Wells a 

Silica (Si~) .•.•............ -- -- 19 

Iron (Fe) ................... 0 60 1.3 -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• .00 . 00 0 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 54 52 56 

Magnesium (.Mg) .......... 14 13 12 

Sodium (Na) .... ,. .......... 57 32 71 

Potassium (K) ............ -- -- -- C~rbonate (COs) .......... 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ...... 223 214 243 

Sulfate (804) ............... 73 55 67 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 39 14 51 

Fluoride (F) • o ...... 0 ...... .4 .4 -- Nitrate (N03) .............. 5.7 1.4 3.5 

Dissolved solids ......... b354 b274 b399 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total .......•.............. 1~3 183 189 

Noncarbonate ........... 10 7 0 

Color ••o····· .. ··oo·····o•· .. -- -- -- pH ............................ 7.7 7.9 7.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 628 491 -- Turbidity ................... -- -- -- Temperature (F.). 0 •• 0 ... -- -- ... - Date of collection ........ Oct. 19, Oct. 19, Nov. 29, 

1951 1951 1949 

Depth (feet) ............... 476 640 -- Diameter. (inches) ........ 18 18 -- Date drilled ............... 1923 1929 -- Percent of supply ........ -- -- --

aAnalyzed by Carl Wilson, Los Angeles, Calif. 

hsum of determined constituents. 

16 

Glorietta Verdugo 

Well3 Stream 

-- -- 3.8 . 68 

0 00 .00 

36 54 

14 21 

20 26 

-- -- 0 0 

149 188 

23 80 

14 23 

.4 . 5 

26 

b211 

10 

b308 

150 223 

28 67 

-- -- 7.1 6.8 

389 545 

-- -- -- -- Oct. 19, Oct. 19., 

1951 1951 

180 

16 

1928 

--
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

HUNTINGTON PARK 

(Population, 29, 450) 

Source: 11 wells ranging in depth from 510 to 1, 550ft. The yield of the wells is 

reported to range from 200 to 1, 440 g-.t.Jm. Emergency supply from wells 

owned by Southern California Water Co. in Bell and Maywood. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 7, 442,000 gal. 

The weighted average hardness and dissolved solids of the water served are 228 

ppm and 365 ppm, respectively. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Well 2 Well6 Well 7 Well10 Well12 

Silica (SiG,a) •..•............ 15 20 23 14 17 

Iron (Fe) •........•...•..... . 03 .00 .00 .00 .04 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• . 00 . 00 .05 . 00 .00 

Calcium (Ca) ............•. 72 85 48 47 46 

Magnesium (Mg) .......... 26 47 15 20 13 

Sodium (Na) ............... 54 60 42 44 45 

Potassium (K) ............ 1.9 1.4 3.0 2.4 2.3 

C~rbonate (COs) .••••..•.. -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••• 216 248 193 201 204 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 121 205 76 82 69 

Chloride (Cl) .•......•..... 75 89 22 24 23 

Fluoride (F) •••••.•• ~ ...... .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 

Nitrate (NO,) .............. 7.1 .4 . 8 3.5 .0 

Dissolved solids .. 00 ••••• a479 747 349 373 345 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•...•.............. 287 408 181 201 170 

Noncarbonate . · ·• · · · · · · • 110 205 23 35 3 

Color ........................ -- -- -- -- -- pH ...........•...•..........•. 7.4 7. 5 7.7 7.7 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) 824 1,000 518 548 521 

Turbidity .•.•.•..••..•...... <:::" 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- ·-- -- Date of collection ........ Sept. 25, Sept. 25, Sept. 26, Sept. 25, Sept. 25, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 533 756 984 1,200 1,504 

Diameter (inches) ........ 12 12 12 18 14 

Date drilled ........ 00 ••••• 1920 1908 1909 1937 1945 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

17 
CALIFORNIA 

INGLEWOOD 

(Population, 46, 185) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 100 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 46, 300. 

Source: About 25 wells ranging in depth from 282 to 798 ft. Most of the wells are 

under 500 ft in depth. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Storage: 4, 800,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Montgomery and Pomeroy, Los Angeles, Calif.) ~ 

Wells 9, Well Well Well 

11, 19, 24a 22 29 33 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••.•••.•.•••• 19 19 19 44 

Iron (Fe) •••.••••••.•••••••••••••••• .0 .0 .08 .15 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• . 0 .0 .0 .10 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••• 71 84 77 73 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 14 24 21 25 

Sodium (Na).: ••••••••••.••.•.••••• 52 67 79 104 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Carbonate (COJ •••••..•••••.•••• 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ •.••...••.••• 249 261 281 386 

Sulfate (S04 ) •• • .................... 94 70 79 74 

Chloride (Cl) •.••.•.••••••••••.••• 32 115 87 108 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... . 0 -- -- .0 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••.•••••••••••••••• b 1. 8 7 18 

b618 

.0 

Dissolved solids •••••.•.•.••..•• 406 b 515 b 518 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total •••••••.•.••••.•.••••••••••• 235 308 279 285 

Noncarbonal:e ••.••..•.•••••••• 31 94 49 0 

Color •••.•••.••.•..••••••••••.•.•••• 0 0 0 0 

pH .•...•...•..••.••••.•..•••••••••••• 7.7 7.3 7. 5 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••. -- -- -- -- Turbidity •••••..••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 0 

Temperature (F. ) .•••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Oct. 26, Oct. 26, Oct. 25, July 14, 

1949 1949 1949 1949 

Depth (feet) ...................... -- 403 532 495 

Diameter (inches) .............. -- 18 18 18 

Date drilled ..................... -- 1938 1945 1949 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- -- acomposite sample. 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

18 
CALIFORNIA 

LONG BEACH 

(Pc;?ulation, 250, 767) 

Ownershi}: ~Iunicipal; supplies also about 20, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 271,000. 

Source: 27 wells (Alamitos wells 8, 9, and 13; Citizens wells 5 to 7; Development wells 3 to 8; Wilson well; Wise wells 1 and 2; Commission wells 1 to 6; 

and North Long Beach wells 1, and 3 to 7), 58 percent of supply; Colorado 

River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 

42 percent of supply. (See Los Angeles.) The depth of the wells is reported 

to range from 193 to 1, 700ft, and the yield, from 190 to 1, 925 gpm. 

Treatment: Well water: prechlorination, coagulation with ferric chloride, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, caustic soda, Calgon, sedimentation, ra,tJid 

sand filtration, and ~ostchlorination. Water from the Colorado River is 

softened and filtered by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 25,000,000 g-,t>d. 

Raw-wate.~.~ storage: 12, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 86, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Long Beach) 

Wells Wells 

(composite, (composite, raw water) finished water) 

Silica (Si02) .......................... 11 22 

Iron (Fe) •...•..•.•••••.••.•••..••••.•. .06 . 08 

Manganese (Mil) ••••••••••••••••••••• . 0 .01 

Calcium (Ca) · ••·• •••.•••••••••••••••• 13 12 

Magnesium (Mg) •..•...•••••..•••...• .9 . 9 

Sodium (Na) ••..••...••.....•........ "\. 71 80 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Carbonate (COs) .•••..••••••..••••.•• 3 2 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ...•.•••.•••.••.. 176 172 

Sulfate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.4 8.7 

Chloride (Cl) .....••...••..••.•••••••• 22 39 

Fluoride (~ •...•.•.•.•••.•.•...•..... . 0 .0 

Nitrate (NOs) ...•..•.•..•.•.•••••...•. b 216 . 0 .0 

Dissolved solids .•••.••..••.•..••••. b 249 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •.•..••..•••.•••••••••.•••....•. 36 36 

Noncarbonate •.•••.•.•••••••••••.•• 0 0 

Color •.......•••.•••....•••.••.•..•••.•• 80 8 

pH .....•...•...••.•..•.••.•••.•.•.••••••• 8.4 8.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ..•.••.••.• -- -- Turbidity ...•..•....•..•••.••••••••..• 77 7.9 

Temperature (F.) ••.•••• o~o••······· -- --

Finished 

water a 

18 

. 28 

.06 

18 

4.4 

109 

-- 0 

150 

88 

33 

.o 

0 375 

.o 

63 

0 

17 

8.1 

--

--

.. - Date of collection •.•..• o .... 0 ••••••• Oct. 2, 1951 Oct. 2, 1951 Sept. 4,1951 

SComposite, wells and Colorado River, from distribution system. Sum of determined constituents. 

19 
CALIFORNIA 

LOS ANGELES 

(Population, 1, 970, 358) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 25, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 2, 000, 000. 

Source: Owens Valley Aqueduct (76 percent of supply); Los Angeles River sources 

(10 percent of supply); Vanowen wells (8 percent of supply); miscellaneous local 

wells (5 percent of supply); Colorado River distributed by Metropolitan Water 

District of Southern California (1 percent of supply); emergency supply from 

about 20 wells. 

Treatment: Chlorination (except for a part of the supply from the emergency wells, 

which is not treated). All major reservoirs are chlorinated at the outlets; occasional chlorine residuals are carried from one reservoir to another. 

Raw-water storage: Crowley Lake, 60, 000, 000, 000 gal; Haiwee Reservoir, 

19,500,000,000 gal; Bouquet Canyon Reservoir, 11,750,000,000 gal; Lower 

San Fernando Reservoir, 6, 540, 000, 000 gal; Chatsworth Reservoir, 

3, 260,000,000 gal; other smaller reservoirs. 

Finished-water storage: Many minor reservoirs and tanks for pressure regulation. Total storage of both raw and treated water, 131,000,000,000 gal. 

The Owens Valley Aqueduct sources include 5 streams in Mono Basin, Owens 

River, and at times about 100 deep wells in Owens Valley. The Mono Basin 

streams are diverted through an 11 mile tunnel into Owens .diver, which is 

impounded in Crowley Lake, with a capacity of 60, 000,000,000 gal. These 

sources are combined in the aqueduct to supply the San Fernando Valley, the 

southwest part of Los Angeles proper, and is mixed with other sources in the 

remaining parts of the city. The total length of the Owens Valley .t1queduct 

(including the tunnel) is 244 miles. 

The Los Angeles River sources include spreading grounds, infiltration gallery, 

and 3 groups of wells: Verdugo, Headwor~\.S, and Crystal Springs wells. 

20 
CALIFORNIA 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Los Angeles) 

Silica (SiOJ ......•.••.•..........•••• 

Iron (Fe) ............••.•...••..•.•.... 

Manganese (Mrl) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) •••··••••••••••·••••••••• Magnesium (Mg) •.••.•••.•••.•.•...•. 

Sodium (Na) .•••.....•.•.•...•.•..•••.• 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COJ .•.•••.••.••..••••.•. 

Bicarbonate (HCO:J ...•..••••.••••.• 

Sulfate (804). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ..•..•....•..••....•..•.. 

Fluoride (F') •.•••••.••••••••••••••••.• 

Nitrate (NOJ .•••..•••.•..•••..••...•. 

Dissolved solids •....••.•......••••. 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ......•...••.••..••.•.••••....•. 

Noncarbonate •••••...•.•••••••••.•• 

Color .•...•..•••..•••••••••.••..•....••• 

pH .....•.•.....••....•.•..•••.•....•••••• 

Specific conductance 

Owens Valley 

Aqueduct a 

18 

. 04 

. 02 

25 

5 

34 

4 

-- 142 

23 

17 

. 6 

. 1 c 200 

84 

0 

8.3 

Los Angeles 

River Conduitab 

23 

.02 

.00 

77 

20 

52 

4 

-- 231 

139 

36 

. 4 

12 

c478 

274 

84 

7.6 

(micromhos at 25 C.)........... 320 720 

Turbidity............................. -- --

Temperature (F. ) . • . • . • • • • • • • •. . • • . • 58 65 

Date of collection • . • . . • • • • . • • • • • • . • • -- --

Depth (feet) ···················································•o·················· 

Diameter (inches) .................................................... o •••••••••• 

Date drilled ····················•··································o••o•o•········ 

Percent of supply .................................... 0 ••••••••••••••• o o ••••••••• 

Vanowen 

Wells a 

24 

. 00 

58 

16 

33 

3 

192 

96 

18 

.4 

4.9 

c350 

210 

53 

7.7 

540 

63 

257-595 

8 

a Average for 1950-51 fiscal year. 

b This analysis was calculated according to the percentage derived from 

each of the sources. During the year the conduit may be supplied from Los 

Angeles River sources, Owens Valley Aqueduct, and·Vanowen wells. 

c Sum of determined constituents. 

21 
CALIFORNIA 

LOS ANGELES--Continued 

METROPOLITAN WATER DISTRICT OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 

Ownership: Metropolitan Water District of Southern California; supplies 16 constituent areas in 5 counties (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, 

and San Diego) in amounts from 0 to 98 percent of supply; 22 percent of the 

total water production for these areas. Total population supplied, about 

3, 563, 000 (estimated as of July 1949). 

Source: Colorado River impounded in Lake Havasu. Emergency supply from San 

Gabriel River impounded in Morris Reservoir. 

Treatment: La Verne plant {all Colorado River water except that through San 

Diego Aqueduct): treatment varies somewhat, but in general is as follows: 

prechlorination, activated carbon, coagulation with chlorine-activated silica 

sol (sodium silicate), intermittent partial lime softening, rapid sand filtration, zeolite or polystyrene resin softening of part of the water so that the total effluent has a hardness of about 125 ppm, postchlorination, final adjustment of pH with lime. San Diego Aqueduct: chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 200,000, 000 gpd (designed to be increased to 

400,000,000 gpd). 

Raw-water storage: Lake Havasu, 233,600,000,000 gal; Copper Basin Reservoir, 

7, 886,000,000 gal; Lake Mathews, 34,870,000,000 gal; Morris Reservoir, 

12,810,000,000 gal; Gene Reservoir, 2, 050,000,000 gal; San Jacinto Reservoir, 554,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Palos Verdes Reservoir, 326,000,000 gal; Orange County 

Reservoir, 65,000,000 gal; Corona Del Mar Reservoir, 4, 900,000 gal. 

Constituent areas of Metropolitan Water District of Southern California: Anaheim, 

Beverly Hills, ·Burbank, Coastal Municipal Water District, Compton, Fullerton, Glendale, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Pasadena, San Diego County Water 

Authority, San Marino, Santa Ana, Santa Monfca, Torrance, and West Basin 

Municipal Water District (new area in M. W. D. June 1949). The West Basin 

Municipal Water District comprises the cities of El Segundo, Gardena, Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, Palos Verdes Estates, and industrially important unincorporated areas. 

Water is delivered from Lake Havasu by main aqueduct to San Diego Aqueduct and 

to Lake Mathews. San Diego Aqueduct connects with the main aqueduct and 

extends to San Vicente Reservoir of the San Diego system, a distance of 71. 1 

miles. The main aqueduct is 242 miles long;. the total distribution system is 

215 miles long, making a total aqueduct length of 457 miles. 

22 
CALIFORNIA 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per millions, by Metropolitan Water District of Southern Calif.) 

Raw !Finished Raw Finished 

water a water a water a water a 

Silica (SiO:J ...•...••. 8.0 12 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ..........•••• -- -- Total .................. 315 125 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••.•. 197 6 

Calcium (Ca) ...•..••. 79 31 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 28 12 Color .••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Sodium (Na) •.•..•.••. 99 189 pH ••.•..••.•••..•••..•.•. 8.4 8.8 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 4 3 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ...•. 4 12 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 137 121 25 c.) ......•...•.... 1,040 1,100 Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 290 290 Turbidity .•.•.••.•••••. -- -- Chloride (Cl) ..••.•.•• 79 83 Temperature (F.) ••. -- -- Fluoride (F) ••..•.•... . 4 .4 Date of collection •.. -- -- Nitrate (NOJ .•...•••. 

b661 

. 2 

b692 

.2 

Dissolved solids .•... 

Regulo,r determina,~ at treatmmt plant,1948 -49 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 119 127 108 8.3 8.6 8.0 334 343 319 -- -- -- Finished wat&l"~ •• 111 151 63 8.8 9.3 8.4 133 196 116 -- -- -- ~Colorado River. Average for 1950-51 fiscal year. 

Sum of determined constituents. 

23 
CALIFORNIA 

LYNWOOD 

(Population, 25, 823) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 26,300. 

Source: 11 wells (2 to 12) ranging in depth from 352 to 956ft. The yield of the 

wells is reported to range from 550 to 1, 700 gpm, and to average 1, 158. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Elevated tanks, 300,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Well 2 Well3 Well4 Well 7 WellS 

Silica (SiOy,) ................ 18 22 20 23 20 

Iron (Fe) ................... . ~~I -- .05 -- -- Manganese (Mn) ••• 00 ••••• -- 0 1 -- -- Calcium (Ca) 00 ..... 00 ..... 112 77 62 58 54 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••• 23 16 10 12 8.6 

Sodium (Na) ................ 52 49 39 31 37 

Potassium (K) ............ 4.4 4.1 3.2 2.4 4.0 

Carbonate (COs) .......... -- -- 7 2 2 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 287 268 210 248 237 

Sulfate (804 ) ............... 159 99 72 37 42 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 81 36 22 17 15 

Fluoride (F) ............... .4 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 

Nitrate (NOs) .............. -- -- -- 1.1 . 3 

Dissolved solids ......... 660 448 352 310 306 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ...................... 375 259 197 192 171 

Noncarbonate .. ·• ...... · 139 39 13 0 0 

Color ..•.....••...•..•..••... 0 0 0 0 0 

pH ............................ 8.2 8.3 8.9 8.5 8.6 

Specific conductance 

(mic_romhos at 25 C. ) 910 656 517 471 454 

Turbidity .•.•....•.......... . 6 0 5 .5 .05 . 3 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection •....... Apr. 27, Apr. 27, Apr. 27, Apr. 27, Apr. 27, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 --

Depth (feet) ............... 352 436 790 610 864 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16 16 16 16 16 

Date drilled ..... 00 00 ...... 1930 1924 1946 1907 1948 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- --

24 
CALIFORNIA 

MANHATTAN BEACH 

(Population, 17, 330) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 7, 200 people outside the city liml.ts. 

Total population supplied, about 24, 500. 

Source: 6 wells (9 to 14), 70 percent of supply; Colorado River distributed by the 

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 30 percent of supply. (See 

Los Angeles.) Well 9 is reported to be 390 ft deep, and wells 10 to 14 are reported to be 550 ft deep. Tha yield of each well is reported to be 800 gpm. 

Treatment: The well water is not treated. The Colorado River water is softened 

and filtered by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2, 850,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Carl Wilson, Los Angeles) 

Well9 Well 10 Well 11 Well 12 Well 13 

Silica (SiOa) .•.•............ 19 25 25 26 22 

Iron (Fe) ................... -- .02 -- .05 .02 

Manganese (Mn) .......... 0 -- 0 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) .............. 65 52 42 59 67 

Magnesium (.Mg) .......... 18 17 17 21 17 

Sodium (Na) .... , .......... 76 94 86 104 80 

Potassium (K) ............ -- -- -- -- -- CC!rbonate (COs) .......... 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 287 417 378 314 298 

Sulfate (804) ............... 28 3 1 16 35 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 98 43 37 132 93 

Fluoride (F) ............... -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NO,) .............. 0 0 -- 0 0 

Dissolved solids ......... a445 a439 a394 a513 a451 

Hardness as caco,: 

Total ...................... 236 200 175 234 237 

Noncarbonate .... · · .... · 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ........................ -- -- -- -- -- pH ............................ 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) -- -- -- -- ,__ 

Turbidity ................... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ....... ~ June 4, June 4, June 4, June 4,_ June 4, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 390 550 550 550 550 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16 16 16 16 16 

Date drilled ............... 1940 1943 1943 1948 1949 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- a Sum of determmed constituents. 

25 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

MONROVIA 

(Population, 20, 186) 

Source: 6 wells (San Gabriel 1 to 4, Chapman 5 and 6), 476, 420, 500, 530, 387, 

and 424ft deep, 94 percent of supply; 2 springs, 6 percent of supply. Auxiliary supply, surface water runoff from mountains when flow is adequate. 

Treatment: Mountain and spring supplies are chlorinated. Well water is not 

treated. 

Storage: 13, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

San Gabriel Chapman Surface water 

Well2 Well6 run-off 

Silica (SiOJ .•..•.•.•••.•...•.•..••••• 18 20 18 

Iron (Fe) •..••.••...•••••.•.•••••••.••• -- . 01 -- Manganese (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) • •••• •••••••.•••••••••••• 49 42 52 

Magnesium (Mg) .•.•••••••••.••••.••• 15 11 15 

Sodium (Na) •••.•.•.••.•.•.••••.••••••• 14 20 17 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.0 3.5 3.0 

Carbonate (COJ .•.••••••••..•••••.•• -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCO~ ••••••••••••••••• 193 204 244 

Sulfate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 10 20 

Chloride ( Cl) ..••.•••..••••••••••.•••• 12 9. 5 8.5 

Fluoride (F1 .......................... .4 1.0 .4 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••.•••••••••.••.•••.••• 16 8.0 .4 

Dissolved solids ••...••••••••••••••• a235 228 270 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..••.••• , ....................... 185 151 190 

Noncarbonate •••••.•.•••••••••••.•• 26 0 0 

Color .••••••.••..•••••..•••.••••..•••••• -- -- -- pH ....................................... 7. 5 7.7 8.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .••.••.•••• 395 362 408 

Turbidity •••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.3 1.2 . 9 

Temperature (F. ) .••••• • • ••••••••.•• -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• May4, 1951 May4, 1951 May4, 1951 

Depth (feet) ··························· 420 424 -- Diameter (inches) ................... 20 20 -- Date drilled .......................... 1924 1928 -- Percent of supply ................... -- -- --

aSum of determined constituents 

26 
CALIFORNIA 

MONTEREY 

(Population, 16, 205) 

Ownership: California Water and Telephone Co. ; supplies also Pacific Grove, 

Carmel, and about 30,000 people in other communities. Total population 

supplied, about 60, 000. 

Source: Carmel River (99 percent of supply) and 2 wells, 80 and 60 ft deep (1 percent of supply). 

Treatment: Alum, lime, and activated carbon as needed, pressure filtration, and 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1,532,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 170,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water a water a water a water a 

Silica (SiOa) ..•.....•. -- -- Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ......•••..••. 0.10 0.04 Total •••••••••••••••• 77 76 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 0 . 0 Noncarbonate .••••. 17 14 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 16 13 Magnesi~ (Mg) ••••• 8.9 10 Color .••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Sodium (Na) •••••••••. 13 12 pH •.••••.•.•••.•••••.•.•• 7.8 7.8 

Potassium (K) ••..••. -- -- Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) ..••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 73 73 25 c.)····· .......... -- -- Sulfate (SOJ .•.••.•••• 18 15 Turbidity ..•••••.••••.• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ..•••.••• 9. 5 9.0 Temperature (F.) ••. -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• • 3 . 2 Date of collection •.. May 8, May 8, 

Nitrate (NO,) .•••.•••. .0 .0 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. 154 148 

a Carmel River. 

27 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

MONTEREY PARK 

(Population, 20, 395) 

Source: 4 wells (1 to 4), 410, 450, 1, 110, and 480ft deep. The yield of the wells 

is reported to be 900, 1, 300, 2, 000, and 900 gpm. Emergency supply from 

Southern California Water Co. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 4, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Well1 Well 2 Well3 Well4 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••.••••••••.••.•••• 22 19 20 12 

Iron (Fe) •••.••.••..•••••••..••••••. -- .02 -- . 03 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .......•••••••••••••• 35 39 30 38 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•.•••.•••••••. 11 10 5.3 12 

Sodium (Na) .•••.•.•••.•.•..•.••••. 28 28 45 30 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 

Carbonate (COJ •..•••••••••••..• -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••..•.••••• a173 a176 a160 a185 

Sulfate (804) • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • ••• • •• 22 14 22 14 

Chloride (Cl) •.••.•••.••••.•.•.•.• 21 20 23 24 

Fluoride (F) ..................... . 6 . 6 . 5 . 5 

Nitrate (NOJ ..•••.••...••.••••••. 7.5 12 4.9 14 

Dissolved solids •.•••.•••.••.••• 272 262 280 284 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..•••••.•••..•.•..•••••••••• 133 140 96 143 

Noncarbonate ...•...•.•••.•••• 0 0 0 0 

Color •••.••..•...•.••••.••••.••.•••. 0 0 0 0 

pH .•.......•..•••.••..•..•..•••••.••• 8. 2 8.4 8.6 8.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••.•• : 361 367 364 374 

Turbidity ••••••.••••.••••.••••••••• 1.0 . 8 .8 .9 

Temperature (F.) .•••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Apr. 18, Apr. 18, Apr. 18, Apr. 18, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 --

Depth (feet) ...................... 410 450 1,110 480 

Diameter (inches) .............. 12 16 30-16 12 

Date drilled ..................... 1875 1924 1946 1945 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- -- alncludes the equivalent of any carbonate (COJ present. 

28 
CALIFORNIA 

NATIONAL CITY 

(Population, 21, 199) 

Ownership: California Water and Telephone Co.; supplies Chula Vista and also 

about 11,000 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 

48,000. 

Source: Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern 

California (92 percent of supply). (See Los Angeles.) National City well 1 (8 

percent of supply). The well is 74 ft deep and is reported to yield 450 gpm. 

Emergency supply from shallow wells in bed of Sweetwater River. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: Sweetwater Reservoir, 9, 500, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 790,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...............•... 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ., ••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride {Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03 ) ............. . 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Welll 

7.2 

40 

20 

132 

13 

0 

214 

61 

172 

. 04 

. 3 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate ........... . 

Color ..........•............... 

pH .••..•...............•........ 

Specific conductance 

{micromhos at 

25 C. )o•••••• ••••••••••••••• 

Turbidity ...........•........ 

Temperature (F. ) ...••.•... 

Date of collection ........ . 

Depth (feet) ......................................................................... . 

Diameter (inches) ................................................................. . 

Date drilled .....................................................................•... 

Percent of supply ................................................................. . 

a Sum of determined constituents. 

29 

Welll 

180 

6 

8.2 

Feb. 8, 

1951 

74 

12 

1931 

8 
CALIFORNIA 

OAKLAND 

(Population, 384, 575) 

Ownership: East Bay Municipal Utility District; supplies also Alameda, Albany, 

Berkeley, El Cerrito, Richmond, San Leandro, Vallejo (part of supply), other 

smaller cities, and numerous unincorporated areas in Alameda and Contra 

Costa Counties. Total population supplied, about 900,000. 

Source: Mokelumne River impounded in Pardee Reservoir (93 percent of supply); 

local runoff into San Pablo, Upper San Leandro, Chabot, and Lafayette Reservoirs (7 percent of supply). 

Treatment: Orinda Plant (Mokelumne River): coagulation with alum, rapid sand 

filtration, chlorination, and lime for pH adjustment. San Pablo and Upper San 

Leandro Plants: aeration, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, chlorination, and lime for pH adjustment. Chabot and Grant Miller 

(Lafayette Reservoir) Plants: coagulation with alum, sedimentation, pressure 

filtration, chlorination, lime for pH adjustment. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: 196,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Reservoirs: Pardee, San Pablo, Upper San Leandro, Chabot, 

and Lafayette, 102, 759,000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: About 100 distribution reservoirs, 387, 900, 000 gal. 

Pardee Reservoir, with a storage capacity of 68, 400, 000, 000 gal, is about 94 miles 

northeast of the East Bay area. Water is released through an outlet tower into 

the twin Mokelumne Aqueducts, together capable of delivering almost 

100,000,000 gpd 'bY gravity flow. By operating pumping plants the daily flow 

can be increased to more than 210,000,000 gpd. Most of this water is treated 

at the Orinda Filter Plant and transmitted into distribution mains; the remaining amounts are stored in the four terminal reservoirs. 

The storage capacity of the terminal reservoirs is as follows: San Pablo, 

14, 000, 000, 000 gal; Upper San Leandro, 13, 500, 000, 000 gal; Chabot, 

4, 100, 000, 0(!0 gal; Lafayette, 1, 700, 000, 000 gal. 

Although much of the water is served by gravity, the district requires 67 pumping 

plants and over 100 distribution reservoirs to serve those at the higher elevations. 

30 
CALIFORNIA 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by East Bay Municipal Utility District) 

Finished 

water a 

Silica (SiOj •.•••.•••••••••••••••. 7.2 

Iron (Fe) ••••••.•.•.•.•••••.•••••••• e .4 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• .0 

Calcium (Ca) .•.•••.•••.••••..•••• 6.0 

Magnesium (Mg) .•••••..••••.••. . 7 

Sodium (Na) .•••••.••.••.••••.••••• 4.7 

Potassium {K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- Carbonate (COJ •.•.•..•.•••.•.•• f 24 Bicarbonate (HCOJ •••..•••••••• 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • •• • • •• • • •• • • • ... • •• 1.1 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.•.••.•.•.•••.•.. 5.0 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... . 1 

Nitrate (NOJ ...•••••.•.•.•••••••. -- Dissolved solids .••.•.•••.•••••• g37 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..•••....••..••••••.•••••••• 18 

Noncarbonate ..••..•..•••.•••• 0 

Color •••.•...•••.•••..••••••••..••.. -- pH .•.....•.•.•••..••..•.•••.•••••••.• 9.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ••.••. -- Turbidity ..•••..••••••.••.••.•.•••• -- Temperature (F. ) .••...•••••.•. -- Date of collection ••••• _ ••.•••.••• June 1950 

a Mokelumne River. 

b San Pablo Reservoir. 

c Upper San Leandro Reservoir. 

d Chabot Reservoir. 

e Iron and aluminum oxides. 

Finished 

waterb 

1.3 

e2. 6 

.0 

23 

5.6 

13 

--

-- 81 

24 

13 

.1 

-- g122 

81 

15 

--

8.0 

--

--

-- June 1950 

Finished Finished 

waterc waterd 

5. 6 .4 e . 6 e .9 

.0 .0 

36 48 

13 22 

20 34 

-- -- -- -- 142 199 

45 71 

18 32 

. 2 .2 

-- -- 220 316 

144 208 

.28 45 

-- -- 7.9 7.9 

-- -- -- -- -- -- June 1950 June 1950 

f Includes the equivalent of any carbonate (CO:J as bicarbonate (HC03). 

g Sum of determined constituents. 

31 
CALIFORNIA 

ONTARIO 

(Population, 22, 872) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 300 people outside the city limits. Total 

population supplied, about 23,200. 

Source: 8 wells (1 to 8), 600, 600, 604, 507, 551, 496, and 536ft deep. The 

yield of the wells is reported to be 945, 1, 650, 1, 500, 1, 600, 2,400, 2, 400, 

1, 420 and 450 gpm. Emergency supply from well and surface water of San 

Antonio Water Co. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 14, 7 50, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Silica (SiO:a) ..•••.•••••••••••.•..••••• 

Iron (Fe) ............................ .. 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ••••• •• •• •••••••••• •••••• Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) •••.•.•••••••••.••••••••••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••.••••••••••••• 

Carbonate (COJ ••.•••••••••.•••.•••• 

Bicarbonate (HCO.J ••.•••••.•••••••• 

Sulfate (S04). ••••••••••••••••••••••• • •• 

Chloride (Cl) .•••.••••••••••••.••••••• 

Fluoride (Ji1 •.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••.•••••••.••••.••••••• 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••••••.••••.••••••••••••••••••• 

Noncarbonate •••••.•••••••••••••.•• 

Color .•.••.•.•••..•••••••••.••••.••••.•• 

pH ••......•••..••••••••••••••••.••.•••••. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ....••..... 

Turbidity .••••••.•••••••••••••.••••••• 

Temperature (F. ) .•.•••• · ••••••••••• 

Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• 

Depth (feet) .......................... . 

Diameter (inches) .................. . 

Date drilled •.......•...........•..... 

Percent of supply .................. . 

Well1 

27 

--

-- 53 

6.3 

15 

3.0 

0 

200 

9. 5 

7.0 

. 4 

1.9 

236 

158 

0 

0 

8.5 

352 

1.6 

-- Apr. 12, 1951 

600 

16 

1910 

--

32 

Well6 Well7 

29 34 

. 02 -- -- --- 47 46 

6.4 7.6 

16 18 

2.0 -- 0 0 

187 172 

8.0 14 

6.0 9 

.2 .4 

2.5 2.6 

208 238 

144 145 

0 4 

0 0 

-- 8.5 

327 343 

2.2 1.7 

-- -- Apr. 13, 1951 Apr. 13,_1951 

fi51 496 

26 16 

1930 -- -- --
CALIFORNIA 

OXNARD 

(Population, 21, 567) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 2, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 23, 600. 

Source: 5 wells (1 to 5), 234, 234, 232, 250ft deep (depth not reported for well 5). 

The yield of the wells is reported to be 800, 800, 800, 800, and 1, 000 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 1, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Smith-Emery Co., Los Angeles, Calif.) 

Wells 

(composite Weill Well 5 sample) 

Silica (SiOJ ....•...••.••.•......•..•. 7.5 -- -- Iron (Fe) ...••..•..•••••••..•••.•••..•. -- .25 0 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- . 8 

Calcium (Ca) •••·• •·•· •• •••••• •••••••• 155 153 197 

Magnesium (Mg) ..••..•.••••.•.•..•.• 42 51 61 

Sodium (Na) •••••.••••...•..•..•••••••• 105 86 93 

Potassium (K) ....................... -- -- -- Carbonate (COJ .............. ~ .•••.•. 3 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ .•..••••...••••.. 262 230 248 

Sulfate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 471 501 625 

Chloride (Cl) .......................... 55 58 61 

Fluoride (F') •••••.•••••••••••.•••••••• -- . 6 . 7 

Nitrate (NOJ ..•..••.•.•..•.•..•.••.•• -- 6.0 2.4 

Dissolved solids •••..•••••••.•.•••.. a968 a969 al, 160 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..•..••...••.••..••.••••••..•... 561 594 745 

Noncarbonate •••....••••••••••••.•• 340 402 540 

Color ....•...•••.••.••..•••.•.•••.•.•••• -- -- -- pH .......••....•..••.•..••.••••..••..•••. 8.2 7.4 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) .••••..•••. 1,500 -- -- Turbidity •.••..•.•.•••••••.••..•••.••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•.•.••••.•••••••.• -- -- -- Date of collection •••.••••••••.•••.•• Nov. 24, 1Q50 Dec. 8, 1950 Dec. 8, 1950 

Depth (feet) ........................... -- 234 -- Diameter (inches) ................... -- 14 14 

Date drilled .......................... -- 1912 -- Percent of supply ................... -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

33 
CALIFORNIA 

PALO ALTO 

(Population, 25, 475) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 9, 750 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 35,200. 

Source: San Francisco city supply (see San Francisco) 60 percent of supply; 9· 

wells, 250 to 600 ft deep, 40 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 4, 980,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Main Mayfield Middlefield Oregon Station Well a Well Well Well 

Silica {SiOJ •.••..••.•.••••.•...•• -- -- -- -- Iron (Fe) •••.••.•...•••••••..••••••• .04 . 6 0 . 26 

Manganese (Mn) .................. .0 0 0 . 1 

Calcium (Ca) .•..•....•.•.•..••••• 61 41 39 82 

Magnesium (Mg} •••••••••••••••• 14 12 11 22 

Sodium (Na) .•••.•.•••...•.••.••••. 86 65 110 102 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Carbonate (COs)··········~······ 0 0 o· 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.••••.••• 283 244 271 254 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • ... • •• 44 40 33 33 

Chloride (Cl) •••.•••••.•••••••.•.• 83 35 90 170 

Fluoride (F) ..................... .0 0 0 . 1 

Nitrate (NOs) ..••••••...•.•••••••. . 4 1.1 0 1.8 

Dissolved solids •••.•.•.•.••.••• 575 438 552 668 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •.•.•....••..••.•.•••••.•••• 211 151 142 291 

Noncarbonate ..•.•..•..••..••. 0 0 0 81 

Color •••.••...•.•..••.•.••••.••.••.• -- -- -- -- pH .....•...•..••..•...••••••..••.••.• 7.7 7.9 7.9 8.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••. -- -- -- -- Turtiidity •..•••••.•••..••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ..••.•.••••••. -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••.••••••••.••• Feb. 6, Feb. 6, Feb. 6, Feb. 6, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ....................... 446 526' 600 512 

Diameter (inches) .............. 14 14 14 14 

Date drilled ..................... 1926 1931 1932 1930 

Percent of supply ............... -- -- -- --

a Also known as Park Boulevard Well. 

34 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

PASADENA 

(Population, 104, 577) 

Source: Colorado River distributed by Metropolitan Water District of Southern 

California, 62 percent of supply (see Los Angeles); 14 wells ranging in depth 

from 642 to 1, 220ft, 35 percent of supply; Arroyo Seco, Eaton Canyon, and 

Millard Streams, 3 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Colorado River: softenedand filtered by Metropolitan District of 

Southern California (see Los Angeles). Local supplies: chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 103, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City Of Pasadena) I Jourdan 

I 

Garfield Woodbury Sunset 

Well a Well a Well a Well a 

Silica (Si(),z) ••.••....•...... 30 30 26 30 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•...•..... • 03 .03 .06 .03 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..••.....••.•. 42 20 24 37 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• 11 4.0 3.7 11 

Sodium (Na) ................ ~ 17 25 33 23 Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

C~rbonate (COs) .••....... 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 178 99 123 159 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 13 13 21 18 

Chloride (Cl} ...••...•...•. 10 10 12 i4 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Nitrate {NOs) ..•....•...... b 8. 7 b 9. 9 b 6. 7 14 

Dissolved solids ......... 219 161 187 b225 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .....•.•..•........... 151 65 74 139 

Noncarbonate · · •• · · · •• · · 5 0 0 9 

Color ........•.....•.....•••.. -- -- -- -- pH .......•...•..............•. 7.4 7.7 7.8 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) -- -- -- -- Turbidity .•••...••...•...... -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection •....... -- -- -- -- j 

Depth (feet) ............... 729 720 1220 751 

Diameter ·(inches) ........ 26 26 26 26 

Date drilled . n •••••••••••• 1926 1921 1930 1924 

Percent of supply ........ 11 7 6 6 

:Average for year 1950-51. 

Sum of determined constituents. 

35 

Copelin 

Well a 

30 

• 03 

-- 47 

15 

26 

0 

216 

28 

13 

-- b 6.4 

272 

179 

2 

--

7.3 

--

--

--

--

700 

26 

1921 

3 
C A LIFORNIJ\ 

PASADENA--Continued 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Pasadena) --

Eaton Arroyo Eaton Arroyo 

Canyon Seco Canyon Seco 

Streanfl Stream a Stream a Stream a 

Silica (SiOa) ......•... 19 24 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ....•..••••••. • 04 • 07 Total " .••••••••••••••• 175 213 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate .••.•. 4 5 

Calcium (Ca) ···~····· 45 56 

Magnesium (Mg) ...•. 15 18 Color .•••••••••••••.••.•• -- -- Sodium (Na) •.••••.••• } 14 26 pH .•.•.•••..••••••..••.•• 8.2 7.9 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ .•••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 208 254 25 c.) .....•....•...• -- -- Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 21 36 Turbidity ..•.•••.••••.. -- -- Chloride (Cl) .•••••.•• 7.2 13 Temperature (F.) ••. -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• -- -- Date of collection •.. -- -- Nitrate (NOJ .••...••. 

b224 

.4 

b299 

.4 

Dissolved solids ••.•. 

;Average for year 1950-51 

dum of determined constituents 

36 
CALIFORNIA 

POMONA 

(Population, 35, 405} 

Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: 12 wells (1 to 12) ranging in depth from 495 to 1, 104 ft, and 2 tunnels 

(1 and 3). The yield of the wells is reported to range from 400 to 1, 500 gpm, 

and to average 843 ga:. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 15,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Well4 Well 5 Well6 Well11 Tunnel 3 

Silica (SiOa) ••.••.•.......•. 20 19 18 23 16 

Iron (Fe) ••......••...•..... -- -- -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 72 52 68 52 37 

Magnesium (Mg) .......... 12 8.5 7.6 9.3 4.0 

Sodium (Na) ............... 12 20 32 12 31 

Potassium (K) ............ 11 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.0 

C~rbonate (COs) .......... -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (BC01 ) •••••• 214 184 170 189 172 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 29 27 64 20 21 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 11 9 13 7.0 10 

Fluoride (F) ............... .3 .4 . 2 .3 .8 

Nitrate (NOs) .............. 48 32 80 17 13 

Dissolved solids .•..•.... 321 270 386 256 218 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...................... 231 166 202 169 108 

Noncarbonate ........... 56 15 62 14 0 

Color ........•....•.....•.... 0 0 0 0 0 

pH ............................ 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.3 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. } 495 403 540 382 330 

Turbidity ...•.•.••...•...... 1.2 .8 .7 .6 .9 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ........ May 9, May9, May9, May9, May9, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 537 575 560 566 

Diameter (inches) ........ 20 20 20 20 

Date drilled ............... 1940 1930 1933 1947 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- --

37 
CALIFORNIA 

REDONDO BEACH 

(Population, 25, 226) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co.; suppliesalso Hermosa Beach and about 

3, 000 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 40, 000. 

Source: 13 wells ranging in depth from 286 to 600 ft (95 percent of supply); auxiliary supply from Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (5 percent of supply). (See Los Angeles.) The 

yield of the wells is reported to range from 180 to 1, 052 gpm, and to average 

557 gal. 

Treatment: Chlorination of well water. Colorado River water is softened and filtered by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. 

Storage: 3, 450, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California Water Service Co., San Jose, Calif.) -

Well Well Well Well Well 

5-04 21-01 22-01 25-01 5-02 

Silica (SiOa) •..••....•...... 21 28 18 33 21 

Iron (Fe) ••.......•...•..... .01 .22 .01 .08 • 22 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• • 03 .10 .07 .o .07 

Calcium (Ca) ..••....••.... 52 38 48 27 54 

Magnesiu,m (Kg) ••.•••••.. 15 24 15 12 16 

Sodium (Na) ............... 56 79 54 99 62 

Potassium (K) •........... -- -- -- -- -- C~rbonate (COs) ..•....... -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 252 305 263 305 254 

Bullate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 44 5.3 23 12 43 

Chloride (~1) •••••••••••••. 44 77 44 50 56 

Fluoride (F) •••••.••••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NOs) .............. 2. 5 .6 .o .0 1.8 

Dissolved solids ......... a359 a403 a332 a384 a379 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total ......••..•........... 191 194 182 117 200 

Noncarbonate ...••...... 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ..•.....••...•.....•.... -- -- -- -- -- pH ...........•...•..........•. 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 

Specific conductance 

653 644 (micromhos at 25 C. ) 612 715 590 

Turbidity .•.•.•..•...•...... 0 0 0 0 0 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. 74 74 72 75 72 

Date of collection ........ Apr. 13, Feb. 19, Apr. 25, May 10, Apr. 11, 

1950 1951 1950 1950 1950 

Depth (feet) ··············· 520 450 600 504 340 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16 16 16 16 16 

Date drilled ....•........•. 1949 1944 1948 1950 1908 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

38 
CALIFORNIA 

REDWOOD CITY 

(Population, 25, 544) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 4, 900 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 30, 400. 

Source: Hetch Hetchy aqueduct of the San Francisco supply. (See San Francisco. ) 

Emergency supply from local wells. 

Treatment: Chlorination by City of San Francisco. 

Storage: 6, 420, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by City of San Francisco) 

Sflica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ........•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) · ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

a Composite sample. 

Finished 

w~ter a 

7 

. 03 

0 

15 

4.6 

11 

0 

59 

19 

9 

. 1 

.1 

95 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .....................•. 

Noncarbonate .......•..•. 

Color •.........•...•....•...... 

pH .••..•.••...•.•...••.•......... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••••.•................ 

Turbidity ...........•.•...... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.•.... 

RICHMOND 

(Population, 99, 545) 

Ownership: East Bay Municipal Utility District. (See Oakland.) 

39 

56 

8 

7.5 

163 

Mar. 1, 

1950 
CALIFORNIA 

RIVERSIDE 

(Population, 46, 764) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 600 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 48,400. 

Source: 26 wells in the San Bernardino artesian basin. Well depths range from 

300 to 1, 192 ft. Most of these wells are flowing. Auxiliary supply from 5 

wells in Riverside. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 22, 000, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Com- Warren Raub Hunt Cooley 

posite Wells Wells 

sample a Well2 Well2 (5 wells) (9 wells) 

Silica (SiC>,a) ••.••..•.•...... 16 17 15 18 18 

Iron (Fe) ................... -- -- ~ 01 -- -- Manganese (Mn) .......... -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 27 33 28 26 35 

Magnesium (Mg) .......... 4 4.4 2.7 4.9 7.0 

Sodium (Na) .... ,. .......... 50 16 57 51 31 

Potassium (K) ............ -- 3.2 5.6 3.6 4.4 

C~rbonate (COs) .......... 0 -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 162 144 151 162 175 

Sullate (804) ............... 34 16 44 31 28 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 18 5. 5 27 24 8.0 

Fluoride (F) ............... .4 .5 .8 .4 .2 

Nitrate (NOs) .............. -- 1.1 1.4 1. 9 1.3 

Dissolved solids ......... b229 170 246 262 216 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ...................... 84 102 80 85 116 

Noncarbonate • · ·• • · · · • · • 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ........................ -- 0 0 0 0 

pH ............................ -- 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 350 266 208 374 355 

Turbidity ................... -- 1.2 .9 .9 • 5 

Temperature (F. ) ........ -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection •....... Nov. 17' May 8, May 8, May 8, May 8, 

1950 1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............................... 1,137 1,192 409-868 520-1,138 

Diameter (inches) ........•..•.....••...•. 20 20 10-20 10-20 

Date drilled ............................... 1930 1931 1912-46 1899-1947 

Percent of supply ........................ -- -- -- -- :c1ty tap. 

Sum of determined constituents. 

40 
CALIFORNIA 

SACRAMENTO 

(Population, 137, 572) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 13, 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 151, 100. Southern California Water Co. 

supplies about 4 percent of the population. 

Source: Sacramento River (96 percent of supply); 20 wells (owned by Southern 

California Water Co.), 4 percent of the supply. 

Treatment: Sacramento River: coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, and chlorination. Wells: none. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 64, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 14,000,000 gal. 

The intake in the Sacramento River is just below the mouth of the American River. 

Analytical data indicate that at times the water withdrawn represents chiefly 

American River water. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U . S . Geological Survey) 

Raw Finished Raw Finished 

water a water a water a water a 

Silica (SiOJ .••••.•.•• 9.2 9.1 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••.•• . 0 .0 Total ................ 20 21 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••. 0 6 

Calcium (Ca) ...•••••• 4.6 5. 0 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.0 2."0 Color •••••••••.••••••••• 15 0 

Sodium (Na) ••.••••••• 1.5 1.5 pH •••••••••.••••••••.•••• 7.2 6.7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• . 6 .9 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) ...•. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 23 18 25 c.) •.•...•.•.•••.• 46.8 54.6 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 1.7 7.6 Turbidity •••••••.•••••• -- -- Chloride ( Cl) .•••.•.•• . 9 1.4 Temperature (F.) ••. 54 58 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• .o .0 Date of collection •.• June 6, June6, 

Nitrate (NO,) .••..•••• . 6 .4 1952 1952 

Dissolved solids •..•. 36 37 

a Sacramento River. 

41 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

SAN BERNARDINO 

(Population, 63, 058) 

Source: 28 wells ranging in depth from 40 to 1, 408ft (82 percent of supply), and 

Lytle Creek (18 percent of supply). The yield of the wells is reported to range 

from 125 to 2, 900 gpm, and to average 1, 298 gal (data on 21 wells). 

Treatment: Chlorination of creek water; well water not treated. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 37,690,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public HealthJ 

An til 17th St. & Hanford Perris Lytle Sierra Wal Hill Well 5 Well Welll Well3 Creek a 

Silica (SiOa) ••.•............ -- 14 9 15 -- Iron (Fe) •........•...•..... -- .03 -- -- 0 

Manganese (Mn) •••.•••.•• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .............. 24 52 47 31 52 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.••••..• 1.8 9.5 7.7 6.1 6 

Sodium (Na) .... ,. .......... 44 12 17 32 41 

Potassium (K) •.......••.. 2.2 4.0 4.0 .3 -- C~rbonate (CO,) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC09) •••••• 127 210 188 129 244 

Sulfate (804 ) ................ 42 13 30 27 27 

Chloride (Cl) .•.•.......... 7.4 4.8 10 18 12 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••. .4 .4 .4 .8 -- Nitrate (NO,) .......•...... 1.3 5.3 3.7 b 3.5 -- Dissolved solids ......... 232 244 240 197 b258 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•.•••.•............ 67 169 149 102 154 

Noncarbonate : ..••...... 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ..•.....••...•.....••... 0 0 0 0 -- pH ............•...•..........•. 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.0 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 319 339 325 352 -- Turbidity .•••..•.•...•...... 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.5 -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••...... Apr. 18, Apr. 18, Apr. 18, Apr. 18, 1940 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... 1,408 700 752 265 

Diameter (inches) ........ -- 20 16 20 

Date drilled .............•. 1929 1948 1920 1930 

Percent of supply .....•.. -- -- -- -- aspecial Bulletin No. 63, California Water Supply Statistics, California 

State Dept. of Health. 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

42 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN DIEGO 

(Population, 334, 387) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies San Dieguito Irrigation District, Santa Fe Irrigation District, La Jolla, Del Mar, and part of Coronado. Total population supplied, about 342, 000. 

Source: San Diego River system (62 percent of supply), Cottonwood-Otay system 

(32 percent of supply), and San Dieguito system (6 percent of supply). Emergency supplies from Lake Henshaw, Sweetwater River water furnished by 

California Water and Telephone Co. , and Colorado River through the San 

Diego aqueduct of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. (See 

Los Angeles.) 

Treatment: Alvarado plant: prechlorination, coagulation with ferric sulfate, 

partial softening with lime, settling, recarbonation, rapid'sand filtration, 

postchlorination, and adjustment of pH with lime. Lower Otay plant: pressure 

filtration and chlorination. Torrey Pines plant: pressure filtration and chlorination. There are several stations for chlorination only. Fluoridation is 

scheduled to begin at the Alvarado plant within the first few months of 1952. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: Alvarado plant: 66, 000, 000 gpd. Lower Otay 

plant: 16,000,000 gpd. Torrey Pines plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 130, 076, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 136,000, 000 gal. 

The percentages of supply shown above are the "normal" percentages. Considerable quantities of Colorado River water have been used f.or the past few dry 

years, due to extremely low production of local supplies. For the year ending 

June 30, 1951, almost 90 percent of the supply came from the Colorado River, 

distributed through the San Dieguito system and San Vicente Reservoir. 

The San Diego River system includes water from the San Diego River and tributaries, and is stored in El Capitan and San Vicente Reservoirs. However, 

most of the water received at present in San Vicente Reservoir is Colorado 

River water through the San Diego Aqueduct. Water from the San Diego River 

system is treated at the Alvarado Plant. 

The Cottonwood-Otay system includes water from Buchman and La Posta Creeks 

(tributaries of Cottonwood Creek) stored in Morena Reservoir, Cottonwood and 

Pine Valley Creeks stored in Barrett Reservoir, and Dulzura Creek stored in 

Lower Otay Reservoir. All Cottonwood-Otay sources eventually reach Lower 

Otay Reservoir. 

The San Dieguito River system stores water from the San Dieguito River in Lake 

Hodges and San Dieguito Reservoir. Water in this system is treated at Torrey 

Pines plant. 

43 
CALIFORNIA 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

El Capitan San Vicente Lower Otay San Dieguito 

Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••••••••.•••• (a) (a) (a) (a) 

Iron (Fe) •••.••.•••••••••••••••••••• -- .03 -- .03 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••••••••• , -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..••...••••••••.••••• 44 76 36 84 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 22 34 32 38 

Sodium (Na) .•••••.•••••.••.•.••••• 36 88 86 91 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 4.0 4.8 3.8 4.3 

Carbonate (COJ •.•.•••••.•••••.• 7 5 7 4 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••••••••••• 179 148 265 186 

Sulfate (S04) ....................... 51 268 44 271 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••• 41 80 91 96 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... .4 .4 .6 .4 

Nitrate (NOJ •••••••••••••.••••••• 2.4 1.3 1.8 1.7 

Dissolved solids •••.•.•••.•••••• 290 646 450 678 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total •••••••.••••••.••••••••••••• 198 329 222 366 

Noncarbonate •.•••.••••••••••• 39 200 0 208 

Color •••••••.•••••.••.•••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- pH •••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8.5 7.8 8.2 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) •••••• 501 990 759 1,000 

Turbidity ••••••••••••••.••••••••••• 1.1 . 8 . 6 . 6 

Temperature (F.) ••••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• May 21, May 24, May May9, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

aMean silica values obtained from quarterly analyses for the fiscal year 1950-

51 by Carl Wilson, Los Angeles, are as follows: El Capitan Reservoir, 21 ppm; 

San Vicente Reservoir, 9 ppm; Lower Otay Reservoir, 10 ppm; San Dieguito 

Reservoir, 17 ppm. 

44 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN FRANCISCO 

(Population, 775, 357) 

Ownership: Municipal; furnishes the entire supply for Belmont, Belmont Water 

District, Burlingame, Moffett Field, Redwood City, San Carlos, San Mateo, 

and Sunol; furnishes part of the supply for Alameda County Water District, 

Atherton, Daly City, Menlo Park, Millbrae, Palo Alto, and South San Francisco. Total population supplied, about 975,000. 

Source: Hetch Retchy system (60 percent of supply), Alameda system (approximately 30 percent of supply), Peninsula system (approximately 10 percent of 

supply). Emergency supplies from Sunset wells system and from Lake Merced, within San Francisco. 

Treatment: Chlorination, copper sulfate for algae control in open reservoirs. 

Aeration of water from Calaveras Reservoir. Fluoridation authorized in 

November 1951. 

Raw-water storage: Storage reservoirs, total capacity 187, 630, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Distribution reservoirs, total capacity 315,600,000 gal; 

elevated tanks, total capacity 2, 780,000 gal. 

The Hetch Hetchy system includes the Tuoluiiille River impounded in Hetch Hetchy 

Reservoir, Eleanor Creek impounded in Lake Eleanor, and Cherry River. 

These waters are combined at Early Intake, 155 miles east of San Francisco, 

where they enter the aqueduct leading to San Francisco. 

Hetch Hetchy Reservoir has a storage capacity of 117,300, 000, 000 gal, Lake 

Eleanor a storage capacity of 9, 000,000,000 gal, while the present capacity of 

the aqueduct is about 92,000,000 gpd. Under construction (1951) is a dam on 

Cherry River which will create a new reservoir with a capacity of 

86,000,000,000 gal. Also under construction is a second section of aqueduct 

across San Joaquin Valley which will increase the capacity of the aqueduct to 

140, 000, 000 gpd. 

The Alameda sources lie on the east side of San Francisco Bay within the drainage 

area of Alameda Creek. The chief source is Calaveras Reservoir, which impounds Calaveras Creek and Arroyo Hondo, and water diverted from upper 

Alameda Creek through a tunnel. Calaveras Reservoir has a storage capacity 

of 31,550,000,000 gal, and its water flows by gravity to enter the Retch Hetchy 

aqueduct. During dry years water is also obtained from two underground 

sources: Sunol filter galleries on Alameda Creek and wells in the vicinity of 

.Pleasanton. When these sources are used, the water is pumped into the Retch 

Hetchy aqueduct near the Bay Crossing Division. 

The Peninsula system includes chiefly three reservoirs: Crystal Springs, Pilarcitos, and San Andres. These reservoirs catch and store the local runoff; 

also Crystal Springs is the terminal reservoir for the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct, 

which includes all of the Hetch Hetchy and Alameda sources. The storage 

capacity of each reservoir is as follows: Crystal Springs, 22,580,000,000 

gal; San Andres, 6, 190,000,000 gal; Pilarcitos, 1, 010,000,000 gal. Water 

from Pilarcitos Reservoir is released to San Andres Reservoir. Water from 

Crystal Springs and San Andres Reservoirs is supplied to a number of distribution reservoirs throughout the city. Crystal Spring lines supply downtown, commercial, waterfront areas of the city, and peninsula communities 

as far s~>Uth as San Carlos. San Andres lines furnish water to residential areas 

of San Francisco. Bay Crossing lines (Hetch Hetchy aqueduct) suppiy peninsula 

communities south of San Carlos and some communities in Alameda County. 

45 
CALIFORNIA 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of San Francisco) 

Hetch Calaveras Pilarcitos Sunol Pleasanton Hetchy Reservoir Reservoir Galleries Wells !Reservoir 

Silica (Si<>t) ••.••...•....... 3.8 5.0 3.7 14 11 

Iron (F_e) ••.•..•..•..••... ~. .02 .02 .02 • 03 .02 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• 0 0 0 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) •••....••••.•. 1.1 25 15 52 63 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••.• 1.4 8.8 5.1 14 29 

Sodium (Na) ............... .1 8.8 14 26 28 

Potassium (K) •.•••.•.••.. -- -- -- -- -- C~rbonate (CO,) .••••..•.. 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC08) •••••• 7 105 70 193 283 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 1.6 17 6.5 63 47 

Chloride (Cl) •••••••.•..••. 1 7 20 21 30 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••. • 1 • 1 .0 .1 .1 

Nitrate (NO,) ..•.••.•...... .1 .2 • 1 .0 1.0 

Dissolved solids ......... a13 a124 agg a286 a348 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total •....••.•••.... , ...... 9 99 59 187 275 

Noncarbonate · · • • • · · •• · • 3 13 1 29 44 

Color ......•.••...•..•..••... -- -- -- -- -- pH .......•...•...•......•...•. 6.4 7.7 7. 5 7.9 8.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 19.7 225 175 466 606 

Turbidity .•.•.••.•.•••..•... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection •....... June 1949 June 1949 June 1949 1948 January 

1949 

a Sum of determined constituents. 

46 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN FRANCISCO--Continued 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of San Francisco) 

Crystal Springs San Andres Bay Crossing 

lines lines lines 

Silica (SiOj •.•.•.•••••••.•.•.•.•••••• 7. 5 7.0 I 3.0 

Iron (Fe) •..••.••••••..•••••••.•••••••. .02 . 01 ! .05 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) • •••••••• •••••••••••••••• 13 14 7. 5 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 5. 6 6. 2 3.4 

Sodium (Na) ............................. 11 12 5. 3 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Carbonate {CO,) ••.•.•••••••••••...•• 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) •...•.••.•••••••• 66 71 34 

SuHate (S04). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 12 8.7 

Chloride (Cl) .•.•.•••••••••••••••••••• 10 15 5 

Fluoride (F') •.•••••••••••••••••••••••• .1 .0 .0 

Nitrate (NO,) ••.•.•••••••••••••••••.•• .0 .1 .0 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••.••••.••••. a93 a102 • a 50 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••.•••.••••.••••••.••••• ~ •..••. 54 58 33 

Noncarbonate •••••.•••••••••••••.•• 1 2 5 

Color •..•••.••••••••••••••.••••..••••••• -- -- -- pH •....•.•••...•.•••.•.•.••••••••••••••.• 7.9 7.8 7.3 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .•••••••••• 152 170 85 

Turbidity .•.••..••••••••••••••••••.••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) .•.•.••.••••••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection ................... Apr. 17. 19.51 Apr. 17, 1951 Aug. :18, 1950 

a Sum of determined constituents. 

47 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN JOSE 

(Population, 95, 280) 

OWnership: San Jose Water Works (private); supplies also Los Gatos and about 

65,300 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 165, 500. 

Source: 41 wells ranging in depth from 185 to 1, 535ft (60 percent of supply); Los 

Gatos and Saratoga Creeks (40 percent of supply). 

Treatment: Wells: chlorination for some, others untreated. Creeks: chlorination, occasional use of chlorine dioxide and ammonia. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: Impounding reservoirs for streams, 2, 485, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Distribution reservoirs, 42,800,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Cali-fornia Water Service Co.) 

Composite 

water a Composite 

water a 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 21 Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Iron (Fe) .. .•....•......•... . 04 Total •..•................... 194 

Manganese (Mn) • • • • • • • • • • . 00 Noncarbonate . • • . . . . . . . • . 8 , Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 42 ll-----------1f---------" 

Magnesium (Mg) . . . . . . • . . 21 

Sodium (Na) ·...•........... 29 

Potassium (K) • • • • • • • • • • • . 1 

Carbonate (C03 ). • • • • • • • • • • 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 222 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 

Chloride (Cl) .............. 16 

Fluoride (F) . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 1 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• b 6. 8 

Dissolved solids .•....... 288 

Color ..........•.•......•...... 

pH .••..•..•.. ~ ................. . 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ...........•••...•.. 

Temperature (F. ) •..••...•. 

Date of collection .••...... 

Depth (feet) .................................... ····-································. Diameter (inches) .•................................................................ 

Date drilled ......................................................................... . 

Percent of supply ................................................................. . 

aMean for 1950. 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

SAN LEANDRO 

(Population, 27, 542) 

Ownership: East Bay Municipal Utility District. (See Oakland.) 

SAN MATEO 

(Population, 41, 782) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co. 

8.2 

475 

1950 

100 

Source: Crystal Springs Reservoir (see San Francisco). Emergency supply from 

10 wells, ranging in depth from 237 to. 445ft. 

Treatment: Chlorination of water from Crystal Springs Reservoir by City of San 

Francisco; softenipg by lime-soda process, and chlorination of well water, 

when used. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 540,000 gal. 

48 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

SANTA ANA 

(Population, 45, 533) 

Source: Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern 

California , 83 percent of supply. (See Los Angeles.) Six wells (7, 12: to 16), 

960, 466, 960, 978, 1, 140, and 1, 050 ft deep, 17 percent of supply. · 

Treatment: Chlorination of well water; Colorado River water treated by Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. (See Los Angeles.) 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 2, 060,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) 

Well13 Well14 Well15 WeU 16 

Silica (SiOa) ...................... 18 16 18 15 

Iron (Fe) ••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••• .05 .07 .00 • 00 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• .00 .00 • 00 • 00 

Calcium (Ca) •••••..•••.•••••••••• 51 63 50 67 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 18 16 19 20 

Sodium (Na) .•••••••••••.•.•••••••• 45 43 43 43/ 

PotassiUm (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.3 

Carbonate (COJ ••••••.•••••••••• -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.•••••••• 204 230 207 2P8 

Sulfate (S04) •• • • ................... 93 74 90 83 

Chloride (Cl) •••••••••.•••••••.••• 39 54 35 53 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... .3 .5 .3 .4 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••••••.•.•••••••••• 16 12 4.4 ~1 

Dissolved solids •••••••••.•••••• a383 a394 a364 a406 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •.•••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 203 225 205 250 

Noncarbonate •••••..•.•••.•••• 36 36 35 179 

Color •••••••.••.•••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- pH .•..••.•••.••••.•••.•.••••••••••••• 7. 5 7.4 7.5 I 

7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) •••••. 645 708 625 685 

Turbidity •••••••••••.•••••••••••••• <1 .c:::l ...::::::. 1 < 1 

Temperature (F. ) .•••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Sept. 25, Sept. 25, Sept. 26, Sept. 25, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ...................... 960 978 1,140 1,0'50 

Diameter (inches) ............... 18-16 20-16 26-16 20-12 

Date drilled ...................•.. 1925 1932 1929 .1927 

Percent of supply ........••...•. -- -- -- _,_ 

asum of determined constituents. 

49 
CALIFORNIA 

SANTA BARBARA 

(Population, 44, 913) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 400 people. outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 45,300. 

Source: Santa Inez River impounded in Gibraltar Reservoir, 60 percent of supply; 

9 wells ranging in depth from 473 to 946ft, 40 percent of supply. The yield of 

the wells is reported to range from 250 to 800 gpm. Auxiliary supply, 5 wells. 

There is an emergency connection with a private water company. 

Treatment: Santa Inez River water: prechlorination, lime-soda softening, recarbonation, coagulation with alum, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination. 

Well water: chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Gibraltar Reservoir, approximately 4, 700, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoirs, 64,000,000 gal. 

Santa Inez River is supplemented when available by water from Tecolote Tunnel. 

When water from this source is used no softening is done. Sheffield Reservoir 

serves to distribute both Santa Inez River and Tecolote Tunnel water. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Pomeroy.& Associates, Pasadena, Calif.) 

Yanonali Soledad De La De La 

Guerra Guerra Welll Weill Weill Well3 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••••••••••••••••••• 32 32 38 28 

Iron (Fe) ........................... .1 .0 .0 .0 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) .•••••••••••••••••••• 70 88 103 81 

Magnesium (Mg) •••.•••.•••.•••• 23 24 36 23 

Sodium (Na) ..••••••••••.•••••.•••• 53 75 54 42 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• 1.7 2 2.0 1.4 

Carbonate (COJ •••.••.•..••.•••• -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.••••.••• 251 301 249 252 

Sulfate (S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • •• • •• 134 135 106 125 

Chloride (Cl) •.•••••••.•.•.•.•...• 27 65 131 30 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... .4 .3 .4 .3 

Nitrate (NOs) •.••••••••••.•••••••• . 6 2 40 4 

Dissolved solids •.•.•••.•.••.••. a465 a572 a633 a459 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total •.••••••••••.•.••••••••••••• 268 319 408 295 

Non~arbonate ••••...•.••••.••• 64 72 201 ~0 

Color •••.•••.••.••••••••••••••••••.• -- -- -- -- pH • ~ ...•• ~ ••.••••••••.••.•••••••••••• 6.9 7.2 6.7 7.0 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 c.) ...... -- -- -- -- Turbidity .••• , •••••.•..•••••••••••• -- -- -- -- . Temperature (F.) ••••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Aug. 29, Aug. 29, Aug. 29, Aug. 29, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 

a Sum of determmed constituents. 

50 
CALIFORNIA 

SANTA BARBARA--Continued 

Yanonali Soledad De La De La 

Guerra Gu~rra Well1 Well1 Well1 Well3 

Depth (feet) 946 : 

...................... 635 529 698 

Diameter (inches) .•..•......•.. 14 14 14 : 14 

Date drilled ..................... 1950 1948 1948 : 1948 

Percent of supply ......•........ -- -- -- --

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Pomeroy & Associates, Pasadena, California) 

Finished Tecolote Finished Tecolote 

water a Tunnel water a Tunnel 

Silica (SiOa) •.•.•.•••. 24 28 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) ..•••.•••••••• -- -- Total •••••••••••••••• 220 52 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 42 0 

Calcium (Ca) .•••••••• 46 14 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 25 4.0 Color .................... -- -- Sodium (Naf.: •.•••••• 99 117 pH •.••••••.•••..••••.•.•• 7.6 8 .. 2 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 2.4 6.7 Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ .••.. -- -- (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 214 236 25 c. ) ............... -- -- Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 224 98 Turbidity .••.••••••••.• -- -- Chloride (Cl) .•••••••• 19 11 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 7 .8 ;Date of collection ••• Aug. 6, Aug. 6, 

Nitrate (NOJ .•.•••••• 1.2 1.2 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••••. b 547 b397 

a Sheffield Reservoir. 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

51 
CALIFORNIA 

SANTA CRUZ 

(Population, 21, 970) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 11,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 33, 000. 

Source: Coastal streams: Laguna Creek, Majors Creek, and Liddell Creek (57 

pm-cent of supply); San Lorenzo River (39 percent of supply); 3 wells each 100 

ft deep (4 percent of supply}. 

Treatment: San Lorenzo River: prechlorination, activated carbon, pressure fil-

-tration, and postchlorination. Coastal streams: chlorination. Wells: chlorination, and addition of Calgon for stabilization. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 750, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoirs and tanks, 45,800,000 gal. 

Water from the coastal streams flows by gravity to Santa Cruz. San Lorenzo 

River water is first treated, then pumped to the system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public Health) -

San Lorenzo 

River 

(raw water) 

Silica (SiOz) .••.•.•••••••••••....••••• -- Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••••.•••••.•••...•• . 1 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• .0 

Calcium (Ca) • •••••••• •••••••••••••••• 33 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••.•••••••• 11 

Sodium (Na) •••••.•••••••....•••••••••• 22 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- Carbonate (CO,) ••••••••••••.•••••.•• 0 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) •..•.•••.••••••.. 110 

Sulfate (SO~ ••••••••••.••.•.•••••••••. 56 

Chloride (Cl) .......................... 20 

Fluorid~ (~ •.•.•.•••••••.•••.•••.••.. .0 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••..•...••.•.•••••.•••• 1.5 

Dissolved solids ••••.••••••..•.••••• b 198 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total ..••.••..••.•..••••.••••••..•••• 128 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 37 

Color ....••.•••..••••••••••.••...••••••• -- pH .....•.•••...•••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 7.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) .••.•.•..•. -- Turbidity •••••.•••••••••••••••••••.••. -- Temperature (F. ) .•.•.•••..••••••.•• -- Date of collection •••••••.•.••.•••.•• Jan. 30, 1~51 

a Coastal streams (fm1shed water). 

b Sum of determined constituents. 

52 

San Lorenzo 

River Bay Street 

(finished water) Reservoir a 

-- --

-- --

-- -- 37 55 

6.8 5.1 

20 12 

-- -- 0 0 

126 177 

26 24 

24 12 

. 2 .0 

.0 .9 

202 220 

123 160 

20 15 

-- -- 7.9 7.6 

347 370 

< 1.0 < 1.0 

-- -- Oct. 16, 1951 Oct. 16,1951 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

SANTA MONICA 

(Population, 71, 595) 

Source: Colorado River distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern 

California, 91 percent of supply (See Los Angeles ); 8 wells rangUtg in depth 

from 250 to 468 ft, 9 percent of supply. The reported yield of the ~Us is 

from 500 to 1, 750 gpm. Emergency supply from Southern Californi'- Water 

Co. 

Treatment: Colorado River water is softened and filtered by the Metropiolitan 

Water District of Southern California. The well water is not treated. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 20,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California State Dept. of Public ~ealth) 

Well1 Well 2 Well1 Well2 

Silica (SiO:a) ••.••.••.. 14 -- Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •......•.•.••• .00 . 0 Total .................. 291 295 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• . 00 .0 Noncarbonate •.•••. 109 136 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 64 66 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 32 33 Color .••••.•••••••••••••• -- -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 49 44 pH ..•••••••••••.••.•••.•. 7.0 7.1 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 1.3 -- Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ ..••. -- 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 222 201 25 c. ) ............... 725; -- SuHate (SO.J •..•••••• ~ 119 138 Turbidity •.••.••.••••.• <1 -- Chloride (Cl) ••••.•.•• 53 42 Temperature (F.) ••. -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 3 .4 Date of collection .•. Sept. 25,, Sept. 25, 

Nitrate (NOJ ..•..•••. 20 . 6 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids ••.•. 485 493 

Depth (feet) ................................................................. 250; 250 

Diameter (inches) ........................................................•. 16; 16 

Date drilled ................................................................ 1920 1940 

Percent of supply .......................................................... -- --

53 
SANTA ROSA 

(Population, 17, 902) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 12, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 30,000. 

Source: 7 wells (2 to 6, Peters Springs well, and Ralpbine well} 900, 300, 1,000, 

290, 915, 139, and 846ft deep, 67 percent of supply; Santa Rosa Creek and 

MacRae Springs, 33 percent of supply. MacRae Springs furnishes less than 

1 percent of supply. The yield of the wells is reported to be 380, 325, 950, 

250, 1, 500, 575, and 450 gpm. Water from Santa Rosa Creek and MacRae 

Springs is stored in Lake Ralphine. Water from Peters Springs and Ralphine 

wells is pumped into Lake Ralphine during the summer months. 

Treatment: Wells 2 to 6: aeration and po .. yphosphate (Calgon) for iron and 

manganese control, chlorination, and dechlorination by sulfur dioxide. Lake 

Ralphine: chlorination after long storage. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Ralphine, 135,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoirs, 2,800,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Brown and Caldwell, San Francisco) 

Well4a 

Peters Lake Finished 

Well6 Sprin~ water 

Well Ralphine (city tap) 

Silica (SiO,.) •••••••••••••••• 93 89 95 38 84 

Iron (Fe) ••.•...•••..••..•.. .33 . 27 . 33 . 52 . 27 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• .09 • 07 .10 .03 .18 

Calcium (Ca) ..•.•....•••.. 28 29 34 22 30 

Magnesium (Mg) •.••••••••• 18 18 21 19 18 

.sodium (Na) ............... Potassium } 59 64 25 58 (K) •••••••••••• 67 

C~rbonate (CO,) •••••.•••. 0 0 0 14 0 

Bicarbonate (HC01) •••••• 285 290 346 168 280 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• .9 9.9 2.9 7.0 8.8 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••..•.•••. 27 28 16 11 25 

Fluoride (F) •••••.••••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NOs) ..•....•...... .0 7.0 1.0 3.1 1.5 

Dissolved solids ••..••••• 366 391 405 222 364 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...•.•••..•........... 144 147 171 133 149 

Noncarbonate ···••···••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Color ..•......•......•..••... 0 -- 0 5 -- pH ...............•..........•. 8.0 7.4 8.1 8.4 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 550 479 610 334 486 

Turbidity ...•.•.••...•...... 2 -- 0 7 -- Temperature (F.) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection •....... Jan. 19, Aug. 31, Jan. 22, Feb. 10, Sept. 19, 

1948 1950 1948 1949 1950 

Depth (feet) ............... 1,000 915 139 

Diameter (inches) ........ 16-lO 16 8 

Date drilled ............... 1940 1950 1923 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- 54 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

SOU~rHGATE 

(Population, 51, 116) 

Source: 17 wells ranging in depth from 551 to 1, 600 ft. The reported yield 

of the individual wells is from 400 to 1, 900 gpm. There are emer~ crossconnections with the Huntington Park and Walnut Park systems. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 1, 300, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Smith Emery Co. , Los AngelesJ Calif.) 

Well5 ,Well15 Well17 Well18 'Well20 

Silica (SiO.) •••••...••••..•. 16 14 13 12 14 

Iron (Fe) ••••....••..••..•.• -- -- -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ..••.•..••..•. 55 68 60 63 62 

Magnesium (Kg) ••.•.••.•. 8.9 18 18 12 14 

Sodium (Na) .... , .......... 47 46 46 29 34 

Potassium (K) ..••..••.•.. -- -- -- -- C~bonate (CO,) •.•....•.. 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 213 238 244 238 219 

Sulfate (804 ) ••••••••••••••• 59 103 64 37 73 

Chloride (Cl) .•.•.•....•••. 28 32 41 26 23 

Fluoride {F) ••....•••..•.•. -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NO,) ..•••..•...... -- -- -- -- Dissolved solids .......... a319 a398 a362 a296 a328 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...•.•••.••........... 174 246 225 208 214 

Noncarbonate •· •• · •• •·. • 0 48 24 12 32 

Color •.•.•...••...•..•..••... -- -- -- -- -- pH .......•...•...........•.... 7.4 7.6 7.8 7. 5 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 500 600 570 450 520 

Turbidity .•.•...••...•...... -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) •••••••. -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••...... Nov. 2, Nov. 2, Nov. 2, Nov. 2, Nov. 2, 

1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 

Depth (feet) ............... 1000 700 551 792 1,400 

Diameter (inches) .....••. 12 12 16 18 18 

Date drilled .............•. 1923 -- 1931 1945 1949 

Percent of sppply .....•.. -- -- -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

55 
CALIFORNIA 

STOCKTON 

(Population, 70, 853) 

Ownership: California Water Service Co. ; supplies also about 29, 000 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 100,000. 

Source: 37 wells ranging in depth from 198 to 1, 050 ft. 

Treatment: 7 wells at Station 1: aeration, chlorination, and Calgon. Water from 

all but 5 wells is chlorinated. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage~ None. 

Finished-water storage; Reservoirs and tanks, 3, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by California Water Service Co., San Jose, Calif.) 

Well Well Well Range of 

Con1-09 18-01 22-01 stituentsa 

Silica (SiOa) ................ 54 43 47 40- 64 

Iron (Fe) ••••.•••••..••...•• .08 .04 .07 .00-. 34 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••.•• .14 .08 .14 • 00 - . 72 

Calcium (Ca) .••••....•..•. 38 10 22 4. 0 - 93 

Magnesium (.Mg) •••••••••• 20 4.9 5.9 2. 9 - 52 ~odium (Na) ............... 71 31 71 15 - 227 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- C~bonate (CO.) .•.....•.. -- -- -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 160 118 163 115 - 219 

Sulfate {504 ) ••••••••••••••• 3.8 3.4 2.4 • 5 - 12 

Chloride (Cl) ••.•.•..•...•. 134 6 67 6- 410 

Fluoride (F) ••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (NOs) ••••••.••.•••. b 6.8 

b 158 

.1 

b298 

. 6 • 0 - 14 

Dissolved solids ......... 408 158 - 828 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .....•.•.•............ 176 44 78 22 - 446 

Noncarbonate •··•······· 46 0 0 -- --

Color ......................... -- -- -- -- -- pH ...........•..............•. 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.5-8.6 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 715 211 475 1211 - 1595 

Turbidity ........•...•...... -- -- --I 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••. -- -- -- Date of collection ........ Apr. 19, July 21, July 21, 

1951 1951 1951 

Depth (feet) ............... -- 408 420 

Diameter (inches) ........ 30 30-16 30-16 

Date drilled ............... -- 1947 1949 

Percent of supply ........ -- -- -- aBased on 37 analyses (1 analysis from each well) 1951. 

b Sum of determin'ed constituents. 

56 

-- -- -- -- 1951 

Mean a 

49 

.08 

.09 

20 

10 

65 

--

-- 164 

4.0 

63 

-- 2.6 

296 

91 

0 

--

8.0 

471 

--

-- 1951 
CALIFORNIA 

TORRANCE 

(Population, 22, 241) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 4, 200 people outside the city limitis. 

Total population supplied, about 26,400. , 

Source: 3 wells, 570, 540, and 492ft deep (60 percent of supply); Colorado ftiver 

distributed by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 40 percent of supply. (See Los Angeles. ) The yield of the wells is reported to !be 

1, 350, 1, 350, and 950 gpm. . 

Treatment: Well water is chlorinated. Colorado 'River water is softened an~ filtered by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. 

Storage: 2, 3 20, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Montgomery & Pomeroy, Los Angeles, Calif.) 

Welll Well2 Torrance 

District: 

Weill 

Silica (SiO,) •••••.•••••••••••.•.•••••• -- -- 24 

Iron (Fe) •••••.••••.••••••••••••••••••• .30 . 25 .. 25 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••• , ••••• -- -- 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36 33 39' Magnesium (Mg) ...................... 15 14 14 

Sodium (Na) •••••.•••••.••.••••••.••••• 73 75 69 

Potassium (K} ••••••••••••••••••••••• 7. 1 7.9 6.3 

Carbonate (COJ .•••••••••••••••••••• 0 -- 0 

Bicarbonate (HCO:J •.••••••.•••••••• 267 272 242 

Sulfate (SO~ ••.••••••••.•••.•.•••••••• .0 .0 7.3 

Chloride (Cl} ..••••••••••••••••••••••• 68 63 78 

Fluoride (Jr) •••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- .0 

Nitrate (NOJ ••••.•••••.•••••••••.•••• . 0 -- -- Dissolved solids •••..••••••••••••••• a331 a327 a357 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••••••••••..••••••.•••••••••••• 150 143 154 

Non carbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 0 0 • 

Color ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- .,._ 

pH ••.•••••••••••••••••.•• ~ ••••••••••••••• -- -- 7.7 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• -- -- .,._ Turbidity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••••••• Feb. 15, 1~47 Feb. 15. 1947 Nov. 12. 1i48 

Depth (feet) ........................... 570 540 492 

Diameter (inches) .•....•.•.•........ 16 16 14 

Date drilled .......................... 1935 1935 1$36 

Percent of supply ...•..........••... -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

57 
CALIFORNIA 

VALLEJO 

(Population, 26, 038) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 44,350 people outside the city limits.· 

Total population supplied, about 70, 400. 

Source: 61 percent of the supply is obtained from East Bay Municipal Utility District (see Oakland). Surface waters impounded in reservoirs: Gordon Valley 

Creek (26 percent of supply), Green Valley Creek (13 percent of supply). 

Treatment: Water from East Bay Municipal Utility District treated by the District 

(see Oakland). Local supply:. prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, activated carbon, postchlorination, and lime for pH control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 000, 000 gpd. 

Raw-wa_ter storage: Reservoirs, 6, 053, 600, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 49,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Vallejo, Calif.) 

Green Gordon Green 

Valley 

Creek a 

Valley 

Creek a 

Valley 

Creek a 

Silica (SiOJ •••••.•••• 28 5.0 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •.•••.•••••••• . 0 .0 Total ................... 29 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• • 0 .o Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 6.0 41 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 3.0 17 Color .................... 10 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• } 10 27 pH .••••.•••..•..•.......• 7. 7 

Potassium (K) ••••••• Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COs} ••••• 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 37 183 25 c. ) ............... -- Sulfate (SOJ •••••••••• 10 65 Turbidity •••••••••••••• 10 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 8 11 Temperature (F.) ••• -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• • 0 .0 Date of collection ••• June 

Nitrate (NOs) ••••••••• 1.0 .0 1950 

Dissolved solids ••••• 90 263 

Regular determif&CJ.tions at treatment plaln.t, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

Gordon 

Valley 

Creek a 

170 

22 

5 

7.9 

--

25 

-- June 

1950 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Malt Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- 7.0 8.2 5.6 80 110 60 20 400 10 

Finished water ... -~ -- -- 7.4 7.4 7.4 80 110 60 2 5 0 

aRaw water. 

58 
Ownership: Municipal. 

CALIFORNIA 

WIDTTIER 

(Population, 23, 820) 

Source: 6 wells (1, 5, 7 to 9, and 11), 434, 680, 1, 000, 302, 664, and 837ft deep. 

The yield of the wells is reported to be 800, 1, 800, 2, 200, 4, 300, 3, 7501, and 

4,200 gpm. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: Reservoirs, 18,400,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(A naLyses, 1 m pars t per m1 Ion, b T y rues d a1 ·1 Lab ora t . or~es I nc. , L A 1 ) OS ng¢ es 

Well5 Well7 WellS Well9 Well11 

Silica (SiO,) ••.••..•••.•..•. 25 14 18 16 20 

Iron (Fe) ••.•.....•..•••..•• -- -- -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••......•••••• 83 61 63 44 33 

Magnesium (Mg) ••.••••.•• 16 13 9.5 6.0 3.8 

Sodium (Na) ............... 34 20 13 12 22 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Carbonate (COs) •••••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) •••••• 257 219 206 159 144 

Sulfate (804) ................ 101 40 24 1.9 .0 

Chloride (Cl} •••••••••••••• 18 17 18 20 15 

Flu()fide (F) •••••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Nitrate (N 0s) ....•......... a 1.4 4.5 8.2 .0 2.2 

Dissolved solids ••..••••• 405 a277 a255 a178 a1:67 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ••••••••••••.••••••••. 275 205 196 134 97 

Noocarbonate •••••·••••• 62 26 27 4 ·o 

Color •.•.•••.•...••.•..•••••. -- -- -- -- -- pH ••....•••.•••..••••••••••••. 7.2 7.2 8.0 7.9 8.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at .25 C. ) 672 453 406 291 297 

Turbidity ••.•.•.••.•.•.•.•.. -- -- -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) •••••••• -- -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••...•.. May 21, Jan. 18, Jan. 18, Jan. 18, Jan. 18, 

1951 1951 1951 1951 19511 

Depth (feet) ............... 680 1,000 302 664 837 

Diameter (inches) ........ 26-18 18-14 24 24 20 

Date drilled .............•. 1922 1930 1931 1933 1948 

Percent of supply .....•.. -- -- -- -- -- a Sum of determined constituents. 

59 
OREGON 

OREGON 

ALBANY 

(Population, 10, 115) 

Ownership: Mountain States Power Co. ; supplies also about 330 people outside the 

city limits. Total population supplied, about 10,450. 

Source: South Santiam River (through power canal). 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 890,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Elgin Water Softener Corp., Elgin, Ill.) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•......•........ 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•....... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (COs) .•........ 

Bicarbonate (HC03) •••••. 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Finished 

water 

17 

15 

1.2 

4.3 

0 

33 

19 

3.6 

a.2 

b --

76 

Alkalinity 

as CaC03 

(ppm) 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate ..•......... 

Color ..•.......•............... 

pH .••..•..•..................... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...•................ 

Turbidity ...........•.•..•.•. 

Temperature (F. ) ..•.•..... 

Date of collection .•....... 

Hardness 

pH as CaC03 (ppm) 

Finished 

water 

42 

15 

·Apr. 12, 

1945 

Turbidity 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water .....•... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ... 27 -- -- 7.0 -- -- 43 -- -- -- aoetermination by Oregon State Board of Health, November 1950. 

bsum of determined constituents. 

60 

-- -- -- --
OREGON 

ASTORIA 

(Population, 12, 331) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Tongue Point Naval Station and some other 

c9nsumers outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 14,800. 

Source: Bear Creek and tributaries impounded in 3 artificial lakes. Intake located about 11 miles east of Astoria. 

Treatment: Chlorination and occasional use of copper sulfate for algae control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 200,000 gpd. 

Raw water storage: 200, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished water storage: 24,000,000 gal. 

The color and turbidity of the water are variable, being highest from September 

through November. 

ANALYSIS 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•...•..••.. 

Manganese (Mn) ..•.•• .' ••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) •.•••.•••••. 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) •••••••••••• •• • 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..... 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Finished 

water 

28 

.18 

0 

6.1 

2.8 

7.6 

0 

37 

3.2 

6.8 

a.1 

73 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total •..•......•............ 

Noncarbonate .••......•.. 

Color ..•.......•••......•.•.... 

pH •••.....•............•.....•.. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...•................ 

Turbidity ...........•••...... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•... 

Date of collection .•....... 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- 7.0 7.6 6.8 -- -- --

Finished 

water 

27 

0 

10 

7.0 

2 

June 7, 

1950 

Temperature 

Av Max Min 

50 67 37 

Finished water ... -- -- -- 6.9 7.0 6.8 -- -- -- 49 62 35 

a From other analyses. 

61 
OREGON 

BEND 

(Population 11, 409) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 300 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 11,700. 

Source: Tumalo Creek. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw water storage: None. 

Finished water storage: 1, 635,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (F~) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) .••..••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...•.. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (CO,) .......•... 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••..•.. 

Fluoride (F) .......•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Finished 

water 

19 

. 03 

3.5 

• 6 

2.0 

. 8 

0 

18 

37 

. 8 

. 9 

.0 

. 1 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate .•..•.•...•. 

Color •••...•.•.•••....•........ 

pH ••••...••.••••.•.•••.•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •••..••......•........ 

Turbidity ..•.....•.••••..••.. 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection •••.•..•. 

Finished 

water 

11 

0 

7 

6.7 

31 

46 

June 18, 

1951 
OREGON 

COOS BAY 

(Population, 6, 223} 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also North Bend, Eastside, and about 1, 500 ¢onsumers outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 15,200. · Source: Pony Creek. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, color removal by coagulation with alum and lime, 

rapid sand filtration, and aeration (spray). 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 658,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 5, 500, 000 gal. Present construction program will provide an additional 4, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) ' 

Raw Finished Raw Finilshed 

water a water water a waler 

Silica (SiOa) •.•••..••• 7.1 6.6 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) •..••.•••••••. . 08 . 04 Total •••••••••••••• ·• 9 37 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •..... 0 18 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 1.8 12 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 1.0 1.8 Color .••••.••••.••••••..• 100 6 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 5.9 8.3 pH .•••••••••••...•....... 6.1 7.1 

Potassium (K) ••••••• -- 1.4 Specific conductance 

Carbonate I (COJ .•.•. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 16 23 25 c.) ............... -- 116 

Sulfate (SOJ ...••••••• 2.1 13 Turbidity .........•.... 5 -- Chloride (Cl) .•••••••• 10 15 Temperature (F.) ••. i 58 66 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• • 2 .0 Date of collection ... May 7, Jun~ 15, Nitrate (NOJ .••..•••. .4 . 2 1947 1~51 Dissolved solids ••••. 57 73 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness Tempera- as CaCP3 pH as CaC03 ture (ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 12 14 8 6.6 6.9 5.2 8 10 8 54 68 36 

Finished water~ .. 18 24 16 8.4 9.0 8.0 24 30 22 -- -- -- aAnalyzed by the Charlton Laboratories, Portland, Oreg. 

63 
OREGON 

CORVALLIS 

(Population, 16, 207) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Philomath and about 800 consumers outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 18,300. 

Source: Rock Creek. 

Treatment: Pressure filtration, chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 7, 000, 000 gal. 

A water treatment plant has been constructed to utilize water from the Willamette River although this source has not been used to date (June 1951). This 

plant has a rated capacity of 4, 000, 000 gpd. The treatment of the water will 

include coagulation, sedimentation, gravity filtration, and chlorination. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

Silica (SiOa} •••••.•••. 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••••••• 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 

Sodium (Na) •••••••••• 

Potassium (K) ••••••• 

Carbonate (COJ ..••. 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 

Sulfate (SOJ ........... 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••• 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• 

Nitrate (NO,) .•••.•••• 

Dissolved solids ••••. 

~ock Creek. 

bwillamette River. 

water a 

24 

.02 

-- 8.5 

3.9 

5.1 

2.2 

0 

51 

1.8 

4.8 

. 2 

. 2 

76 

Raw 

waterb 

19 

--

--

4.2 

2.4 

5. 8 

0 

28 

4.9 

3.0 

-- c54 

. 8 

csum of determined constituents. 

Finished 

water 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••••••••••••••• 37 

Noncarbonate •••••• 0 

Color···················· 5 

pH ••••••••••••.•••••••.•• 7.5 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •.•...••...•... 94 

Turbidity •••••••.•••••• -- Temperature (F.) ••. 64 

Date of collection ••• June 14, 

1951 

64 

Raw 

water 

20 

0 

--

--

47.9 

--

-- Nov. 27, 

1950 
OREGON 

EUGENE 

(Population, 35, 879) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 14,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, approximately 50, 000. 

Source: McKenzie River. The intake is located near Hayden Bridge, 7 miles 

east of the city. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime at times of high 

turbidity of water, and rapid sand filtration. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 25,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 5 reservoirs, 21, 100,000 gal; elevated tank, 

100, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•.........•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........•... 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Finished 

water 

20 

.04 

3.6 

2.0 

3.6 

1.6 

0 

27 

1.6 

2.2 

. 0 

. 1 

48 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•................... 

Noncarbonate .•.......... 

Color ..........•............... 

pH .••..•..•...••....•..•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•................ 

Turbidity ...........•••...... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•... 

Date of collection ••....... 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

Finished 

water 

17 

0 

7 

7. 5 

51 

59 

June 14, 

1951 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- -- 7.4 7.0 17 18 16 -- -- -- Finished water ... -- -- -- -- 7.4 6.6 17 18 16 -- -- --

65 
OREGON 

KLAMATH FALLS 

(Population, 15, 875) 

Ownership: Oregon Water Corporation (subsidiary of Boise Water Corporation, 

Boise, Idaho); supplies suburban Altamont District and also consumers outside the corporate limits of the city. Total populati0n supplied, about 26,000. 

Source: 4 flowing wells (3, 6, 7, and 8), 145, 147, 370, and 850ft deep. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 700, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by the University of Califorma, Berkeley, Calif ) 

Wells Wells 

(compostte (composite sample) sample) 

~~~~~----------------+------------~ Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 24 Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Iron (Fe) . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . 15 Total ...................... . 

Manganese (Mn) . . • . . • • • • • 0 Noncarbonate ..•.•....... 

Calcium (Ca) . .. . . .• . . .•. . . 10 

Magnesium (Mg) . . . . . . . . . 6. 3 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) •.•••.••••.• 

Carbonate (CO,) .......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

30 

108 

1.3 

19 

. 3 

141 

Color ..........•.•......•...... 

pH •••..•..•.........•........... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....••............... 

Turbidity ...........•••...... 

Temperature (F. ) •.•••.•..• 

Date of collection .••..•... 

66 

52 

0 

8.2 

212 

67 

Mar. 22, 

1949 
OREGON 

MEDFORD 

(Population, 17, 305) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Central Point, Eagle Point1 and about 3, 500 

people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 23,100. 

Source: Big Butte Spring. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 12,400,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Charlton Laboratories, Portland1 __ Oreg.) 

Silica (Si02 } ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....••.. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (COs) .......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) ............. .. 

Nitrate (N03 ) ............. . 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Big Butte 

Springs 

35 

.0 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...•................... 

Noncarbonate .••.•....... 

Big Butte 

Springs 

35 

0 

7.3 ~~------------------~~--------

4.0 

7.0 

0 

56 

1.3 

2.0 

.0 

. 3 

99 

Color ..•.......••.......•...... 

pH .••.....•.....••..••.•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...•••.............. 

Turbidity ...........•........ 

Temperature (F. ) ..•••..... 

Date of collection ........ . 

67 

6.9 

42 

Apr. 21, 

1947 
OREGON 

PENDLETON 

(Population 11, 774) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 200 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 12,000. 

Source: Springs, 80 percent of supply; 2 wells 774 and 761 ft deep, 20 percent of 

supply. Emergency supply from privately owned well. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 3, 500, 000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Charlton Laboratories, Portland, Oreg.) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....•... 

Manganese (Mn) .••.•••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........••.. 

Magnesium (Mg) .••...••. 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (COs) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....•.. 

Springs 

and wellsa 

44 

• 2 

25 

8.0 

26 

0 

146 

15 

12 

• 2 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•................... 

Noncarbonate ..•.•.•..... 

Color .•........••.............. 

pH •••..•.••.....•...•........... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•••.............. 

Turbidity ...........•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection .••...... 

Depth (feet) ........... · ...........•................................................... 

Diameter (inches) ..................•...•..................•..........•............. 

Date drilled .........................•............................................•... 

Percent of supply ..............................................................•.. · 

acomposite sample. 

bsum of determined constituents. 

68 

Springs 

and wellsa 

95 

0 

7.2 

<1 

January 

1949 

100 
OREGON 

PORTLAND 

(Population, 373, 628) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 107,000 people outside the city limits, 

including 60 water districts, water companies, and towns in areas adjacent to 

Portland. Total population supplied, about 480,000. 

Source: Bull Run River impounded in Lake Ben Morrow Reservoir which extends 

3i miles along the river, and Bull Run Lake, the source of the main branch of 

the river close to the summit of the Cascades. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: Storage reservoir on Bull Run River, 11,000,000,000 gal; 

Bull Run Lake, 3, 000, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 6 reservoirs, 192,000,000 gal. 

The water from the river is diverted 5 miles downstream from the storage dam 

through 3 steel conduits to distribution reservoirs on Mount Tabor, a distance 

of 24 miles. Four distribution reservoirs are located on Mount Tabor and 

two in Washington Park. Distribution is mainly by gravity. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Charlton Laboratories, Portland, Oreg.) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•.•....•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••..••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .••...•....... 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) ..••........... 

Potassium (K) .........•... 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) • •••••••••••••• 

Chloride (CI) .......••..•.• 

Fluoride (F) .............. . 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Finished 

water 

7.2 

.2 

.00 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•................... 

Noncarbonate .••.•....... 

Finished 

water 

9 

0 

2.3 lr--------------------~--------

• 7 

2.1 

. 2 

15 • 9 

2.4 

. 0 

• 3 

30 

Color •......••.•••......•...... 

pH •••..•..•...•.....•..•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ..................... . Turbidity ...........•••...•.. 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•... 

Date of collection •••.•••.. 

69 

15 

7.0 

<1 

59 

Sept. 19, 

1947 
OREGON 

SALEM 

(Population, 43, 140) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 10,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 53, 100. 

Source: Infiltration system from North Santiam River about 17 miles southeast of 

Salem. Auxiliary or emergency supply from wells. The wells furnished 

19 percent of the total supply in 1950. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 11,500,000 gal. A reservoir under construction will 

provide 100, 000, 000 gal of additional storage. 

The infiltration system is on Stayton Island in the North Santiam River above Stayton and below the Little North Fork. On Stayton Island 3 wells each 25ft deep 

and capable of delivering 2 mgd are used when necessary to augment the infiltration supply. Water from the infiltration system is conducted to Salem 

by gravity flow through a 36-in. pipe line. 

Four wells which are in Salem and connected to the distribution system and are 

used during peak loads contributed about 7 percent of the supply in 1951. 

Contribution from all the wells probably exceeded 20 percent in 1951. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) ..•..••••. 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) •••..••.. 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••• • • 

Chloride (Cl} .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03} •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Finished 

water 

(tap sample) 

17 

.03 

4.9 

1.1 

3.2 

2.6 

0 

31 

1.7 

1.0 

.0 

. 1 

45 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total •..•................... 

Noncarbonate ........... . 

Color .•........••••.....•...... 

pH ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••• 

Specific conductance • 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•................ 

Turbidity ..•........•.......• 

Temperature (F. ) ..•••••..• 

Date of collection •........ 

70 

Finished 

water 

(tap sample) 

17 

0 

5 

7.3 

54 

64 

June 14, 

1951 
OREGON 

SPRINGFIELD 

(Population, 10, 807) 

Ownership: Mountain States Power Company. 

Source: Willamette River; Auxiliary supply, 8 contiguous wells (1 to 8) ranging in 

depth from 28 to 30 ft. The yield of the wells is reported to be 1, 000, 400, 

1, 250, 1, 000, 150, 500, 900 and 1, 000 gpm respectively. The well water is 

supplied directly to the transmission line which in turn feeds into the distribution system. 

Treatment: Willamette River: rapid sand filtration and chlorination. During peak 

periods of consumption a pressure filter is operated in parallel with the 2 

sand filters. The well water is chlorinated. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500, 000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 550,000 gal. 

The well system has been developed during 1950 and 1951. Should this source 

prove entirely satisfactory, it is expected to replace the Wi llamette River 

supply. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million) 

Raw Well 3b I Raw 

water Well 3b a water a 

Silica (SiOa) .......... 17 11 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) .............. -- 1.3 Total !A ••••••••••••• •• 36 37 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- -- Noncarbonate •••••• 16 5 

Calcium (Ca) ••••••••• 11 11 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 2.1 2.3 Color···················· -- -- Sodium (Na) .......... 1.4 3.9 pH ..••..•....•........... -- 7.1 

Potassium (K) ••••••• -- -- Specific conductance 

Carbonate (CO,) .•••. 0 -- (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 25 39 25 c.)··············· -- -- Sulfate (SO,) •••••••••• 15 2.5 Turbidity •.•••••.•.•••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••.•••• 2.4 4.4 Temperature (F.) ••. -- 53 

Fluoride (F) •••••.•••• -- -- Date of collection ••• Apr.12, Sept. 26, 

Nitrate (NO,) .•••.•••. -- c56 

.9 1951 1950 

Dissolved solids •..•. c61 

Depth (feet) ............................................................................... 29 

Diameter (inches) ........................................................................ 12 

Date drilled .............................................................................. 1950 

Percent of supply ........................................................................ -- awillamette River. Analyzed by Elgin Softener Corporation, Elgin, lllinois. 

bAnalyzed by Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oreg·. 

csum of determined constituents. 

71 
WASHINGTON 

WASHINGTON 

ABERDEEN 

(Population, 19, 653) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 20,650. 

Source: Wishka River impounded 21. 7 miles northeast of Aberdeen. A separate 

industrial system, municipally owned, utilizes large quantities of raw water 

from the Wynooche River. Emergency supplies from Wynooche River ana Lake Aberdeen. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 10,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 120,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 24,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02} ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•............•... 

Manganese (Mn) .••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•....... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03 ) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HCO~) ...•. 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) .......•....... 

Nitrate (N03) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

aWishka River. 

Finished 

water a 

14 

. 12 

5. 6 

2.6 

3.2 

2.1 

0 

34 

1.0 

3.4 

. 3 

.2 

57 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ...•................... 

Noncarbonate ........... . 

Color ..........•........•...... 

pH .••..•..•...•.....•..•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•................ 

Turbidity ................... . 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection .•....... 

72 

Finished 

water a 

25 

0 

5 

7.3 

60 

61 

June 12, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

BELLINGHAM 

(Population, 34, 112) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 35,600. 

Source: Lake Whatcom (96 percent of supply) and Lake Padden (4 percent of 

supply). 

Treatment: Chlorination and. ammoniation. Lime added to water from Lake Whatcom for corrosion control. · 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 100,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Whatcom and Lake Padden (capacities not computed). 

Finished-water storage: 4 reservoirs, 2, 000,000 gal; elevated tank, 75,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) .... oo o ....... . 

Iron (Fe) .................. . 

Manganese (Mn) ........ .. 

Calcium (Ca) 00 ........... . 

Magnesium (Mg) .... 0 •••• 

Sodium (Na) ............. .. 

Potassium· (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03) ........ .. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ... .. 

Sulfate (S04 ) ............ 00 o 

Chloride (Cl) 00 .... 00 ..... . 

Fluoride (F) oo .......... oo. 

Nitrate (N03 ) .. oo ........ oo 

Dissolved soli.ds ........ . 

a Lake Whatcom. · 

Finished 

water a 

1.3 

.01 

4o8 

o9 

3.3 

1.6 

0 

21 

4.0 

3o2 

. 2 

. 2 

35 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .. o ... o ...... oo ....... o 

Noncarbonate ·••o•o••o••· 

Color ..........•............... 

pH ·······••oo ...... o ... o .... o ... 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c. ) ........... 00000000000 

Turbidity oooo••oooooo••o•ooo· 

Temperature (F. ) ......... . 

Date of collection ....... .. 

73 

Finished 

water a 

16 

0 

5 

7.2 

55 

69 

Aug. 13, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

BREMERTON 

(Population, 27, 678) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and military 

personnel, and about 20, 000 people outside the city limits. Total population 

supplied, about 63,000. 

Source: Anderson Creek, Gorst Creek, and Union River (82 percent of supply); 

7 artesian wells (1 to 7) ranging in depth from 245 to 627 ft (18 percent of 

supply). The yield of the wells is reported to range from 130 to 1, 500 gpm. 

Treatment: Anderson and Gorst Creek stations: sedimentation, chlorination, 

and ammoniation; chlorination of Union River supply and at main distribution 

reservoir. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 15,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoirs, 22,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Northwest Laboratories, Seattle, Wash.) 

Anderson Gorst Union 

Creek Creek River 

Silica (SiOJ •••••••••••••• o o o. o. o o o o o o 39 38 33 

Iron (Fe) •••oo•••o••oo•••••ooooooooo •oo .09 .15 .38 

Manganese (Mn) ••• o. o ••• o ••• o. o •• o o. -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••o•ooo o•o•oo•o•o•ooooooo 7.2 9.7 9.0 

Magtiesium (Mg) ••• o o. o o •• o o •• o o ••••• 4.2 4.9 2.7 

Sodium (Na) 0000 ooo•o•••o •• •ooooo ••o•oo 7.5 6.9 12 

Potassium (K) ....................... -- -- -- Carbonate (COs) oo•o•ooooooo••oo••··· -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJo••oooo•o•o•o•o·· 50 58 56 

Sulfate (SO..). •••• oo• •••• o oo •• o• o o o•• o •• • 8 • 8 2.3 

Chloride ( Cl) o. o. o o o o. o. o o o. o o. o o o o •o. 6.8 7.7 7.4 

Fluoride (~ o •• o o .... o. o o. o o o. o. o. o o o. o. .0 .0 .o 

Nitrate (NOs) •• o o. o. o o o. o o o o o o o •• o •• •o .0 .0 .0 

Dissolved solids o o o •• o o o •• o o. o ••• o •• ago 95 a94 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total 35 44 34 •• oo ••••• o ••• o ••• o••. o••o o o•. o o. 

Noncarbonate •ooo•o •o•ooo •••••••.•• 0 0 0 

Color • oooo•·· oo•••ooo•o•o•o•oo•o• ooo•••o 2.5 0 6 

pH o• oo oo•o •••• ••oo•oo•o•o•o•••oooooooooo• 7.5 7.6 7.4 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ).ooo••····· -- -- -- Turbidity ••ooo•o•••o•••• ••o•o• o••····· -- -- -- Temperature (F.) oooo••••o•••••o•••• -- -- -- Date reported ......•............. o. o July 5, 1951 July 5, 1951 July 5, 1951 

a Sum of determined constituents. 

74 
WASHINGTON 

BREMERTON--Continued 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Northwest Laboratories, Seattle, Wash.) 

Well2 Well6 Well7 

Silica (SiOa) ••.••.•••••••••••.•.•••••• 31 41 30 

Iron (Fe) •••••.•••.•••••••••••••••••••• .14 .09 .05 

Manganese (Mn.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 15 19 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 5.1 3.2 4.0 

Sodium (Na) •••••.••••••••••••••.•••••• 13 9.9 12 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Carbonate (CO.) .•••..••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOa) ••••••••.•••••••• 79 76 78 

Sulfate (SO~). ••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 0 4.4 1.6 . 8 

Chloride (Cl) . •••o• ooooo•o••oo• o••• •oo 7. 1 6.4 17 

Fluoride (pt) 00.0 00 0. •o• o 00 0 0.0. o 00. o o. .0 .0 .o 

Nitrate (NO.) 0 •••• 0. 0 0 •• 0 0 ••••••• 0 •• 0 0 .0 .0 .0 

Dissolved solids •.•••••••••••••••••• i.06 108 114 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total .••• 0. 0. o ••• 0 ••••• •o ••••••• 0 •••• 51 52 64 

Noncarbonate •••.•.•••••••••••••.•• 0 0 0 

Color ••.••••.•••.• •o •••••••••• o o •• •o. o •• 0 0 0 

pH ........................................ 8.2 8.2 8.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )o.•o••o• o•• -- -- -- Turbidity ··•••o•o•o•o••• •••••o •••ooooo -- -- -- Temperature (F.) o•o•••••oo••······· -- -- -- Date reported .............. o ••••••• o. July 5, 1951 July 5, 1951 July 5, 1951 

Depth (feet) ........................... 245 53 A 627 

Diameter (inches) ... ·•••o•••··~····· 22 16 16 

Date drilled .......................... 1941 1944 1945 

Percent of supply ..... o ••••••••••••• -- -- --

75 
WASHINGTON 

EVERETT 

(Population, 33, 849) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 10,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 43,800. 

Source: Sultan River stored in Lake Chaplain. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 110,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Chaplain, 4, 500, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 30,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ............. . 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) ••.•...•••.. 

Carbonate (C03 ) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (804 ) .............. . 

Chloride (Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F) ............. .. 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .•....... 

Finished 

water 

6.1 

.08 

3.6 

. 7 

1.0 

1.0 

0 

13 

2. 5 

1.2 

. 1 

. 3 

22 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ...•.............•...•. 

Noncarbonate .••......... 

Color .......................... . 

pH······························ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •....•••.............. 

Turbidity ...........•........ 

Temperature (F. ) ..•...•... 

Date of collection ••...•... 

76 

Finished 

water 

12 

1 

5 

7.2 

29 

60 

June 9, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

LONGVIEW 

(Population, 20, 339) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 4, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 24,300. 

Source: Cowlitz River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

chlorination, and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 500, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 7, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si~) .............. . 

Iron (Fe) ...•...........•... 

Manganese (Mn) .•••.••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•...•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na} ...•........... 

Potassium (K) •.•••.•••••• 

Carbonate (CO,) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ~ •••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .............•. 

Nitrate (N03 } •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

Finished 

water 

12 

. 04 

7.3 

. 8 

2.4 

1.9 

0 

20 

8.0 

1.9 

• 3 

.0 

45 

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ....................... . 

Noncarbonate ........... . 

Color .•....•...•........•...... 

pH .••..•..•...•..•.....•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •••..••............... 

Turbidity ...........•.•...•.. 

Temperature (F. ) ..•••.•..• 

Date of collection •.•...... 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- 7.0 7.2 6.8 -- -- -- Finished water .... 18 -- -- 7.2 7.4 7.0 -- -- --

77 

Av 

25 

0 

Finished 

water 

22 

5 

5 

7.8 

63 

June 13, 

1951 

Turbidity 

Max Min 

1000 25 

0 0 
WASHINGTON 

OLYMPIA 

(Population, 15, 819) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 300 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 16, 100. 

Source: McAllister Springs. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 20,000,000 gpd. 

Raw -water storage: 2, 000, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 7, 700,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•.......•... 

Magnesium (.Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ········t..······ 

Potassium (k) •.••• u ••••• 

Carbonate (COs) .......•.. 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .......•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Finished 

water 

36 

. 03 

10 

6.2 

6.9 

2.9 

0 

72 

3.6 

4.4 

. 0 

. 8 

107. 

78 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate .••...•..... 

Color ............•........•.... 

pH .••....•.......•.....•........ 

Specific conductance · 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...•................ 

Turbidity ...........••...•... 

Temperature (F. ) ..•••.•.•• 

Date of collection •••.•.... 

Finished 

water 

50 

0 

3 

7.4 

133 

62 

June 11, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

RENTON 

(Population, 16, 039) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 17,000. 

Source: Springbrook Springs and 4 wells (1 and 2, and Liberty Park 1 and 2). 

The yield of the wells is reported to be 105, 260, 1, 000 and 1, 000 gpm. 

Emergency supply from City of Seattle. 

Treatment: Chlorination (at source only). 

Raw-water storage: 1, 800, 000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1, 000, 000 gal. 

A private residential development of 150 homes, supplied by a private water 

company, has been annexed by the city. The source of the supply is springs, 

with a 25,000 gal storage tank. The City of Renton may purchase this water 

system. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Finished 

water a 

Silica (SiO:a) •..••..... 29 

Iron (Fe) .•..•.••..•••. .02 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• -- Calcium (Ca) .•••.•••. 13 

Magnesium (Mg) ..••. 8.2 

Sodium (Na) •.•.•.•••• 5.3 

Potassium (K) ••.•••. 4.0 

Carbonate (COJ .•••. 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 78 

Sulfate (S04) •••••••••• 9.6 

Chloride (Cl) .•••.••.• 4.2 

Fluoride (F) •••••••••• .4 

Nitrate (NOJ .••.••••. 4.0 

Dissolved solids ••.•• 109 

a Springbrook Springs. 

b Liberty Park wells. 

!Finished 

waterb 

28 

.01 

-- 12 

8.2 

5.5 

2.6 

0 

72 

9.8 

4.0 

. 2 

4.2 

109 

Finished 

water a 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total •••••••••••••••• 66 

Noncarbonate •••.•• 2 

Color •.•••••••.••••••..• 5 

pH .•.••.••••••..•.••...•• 7.2 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •.•..•••.•..... 161 

Turbidity .••...•••••••• -- Temperature (F.) ••. 50 

Date of collection •.• June 8; 

1951 

79 

Finished 

waterb 

64 

5 

5 

7.3 

161 

--

52 

June 6, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

RICHLAND 

(Population, 21, 809) 

Ownership: U. S. Government. Operated by General Electric Co. Supplies also 

about 6, 000 people outside Richland. Total population supplied, about 27, 800. 

Source: Domestic supply, 18 wells in four groups: Richland group of 8 wells (2, 4, 

5, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 18) ranging in depth from 70 to 140ft, and reported to 

yield 6, 000 gpm; North Richland group of 6 wells (A, B, C, D, E, and 5) 

ranging in depth from 100 to 120ft and reported to yield 7, 000 gpm; Columbia 

group of 3 wells (A, B, and C) 80 to 110ft deep, and reported to yield 2, 200 

gpm; and 1 well (1100-8) 120ft deep, and reported to yield 1, 000 gpm. The 

Columbia group of wells is used only during the summer months. 

Treatment: Chlorination of domestic supply. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 5, 400, 000 gal. 

A separate supplementary supply for lawn sprinkling during summer months is 

obtained from a canal from the Yakima River through a separate distribution 

system. The river water is used also to flood the percolation basin in the 

well field area in order to maintain the ground water level during the summer 

months. 

The water delivered to the consumers varies in chemical composition according to 

the wells pumped and somewhat with the level of the ground water table. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by General Electric Co., Richland, Wash.) 

8 wells 6 wells Well (Richland {North Richgroup) land group) 1100-8 

Silica (SiO:a) • o ••• o •••••••••••••• o •• o •o 55 38 52 

Iron (Fe) o•. o 00 o. o 0 •• •o o o 000 o o• o. o• o o o• . 01 . 02 . 00 

Manganese (Mn) 0. 0 00 o o o• o. o. o. o• o o o o . 00 . 00 <::: . 01 

Calcium (Ca) 00000 oo•• o•·············· 50 27 34 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••• 0 •••••••• 16 5.8 7.5 

Sodium (Na) ••.•••.••••..•• 0 •••••••••••• 21 8.5 16 

Potassium (K) •••••• 0 •••••••••••••••• 4 1.3 2.7 

Carbonate (COs) .•••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••.•••••••••••••. 206 100 139 

Sulfate (SO~ •••••••.••.••••.•••••••••. 44 12 18 

Chloride (Cl) .•••••••••••.••••••• 0 •••• 8.5 4.0 5.5 

Fluoride (F') • 0 •••••••••••••• •o •••••••• . 2 . 2 . 2 

Nitrate (NOs) .................... ~···· . 9 .8 . 3 

Dissolved solids ••••.•••••••.••••••. 307 148 186 

Hardness as CaC03 : 

Total • o •••••••••••••••••••••••••• o ••• 191 91 116 

Noncarbonate •o•o•• oo •••o •••••••.•• 22 9 2 

Color ................................... 5 0 0 

pH .......•.....•.....•.•...••.•.•......•. 7.7 7.8 7.8 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) . o o ••• o. o •• 424 202 283 

Turbidity •o••••o•••o•••• •••••• o•••o••• 2 -<:: 1 -::::: . 1 

Temperature (F. ) o. o o •••••• o •••••••• -- -- -- Date of collection •••••••••••.••••••• Apr. 24, 1951 Apr. 24, 1951 Apr. 24, 1951 

80 
WASHINGTON 

RICHLAND--Continued 

f 

8 wells 6 wells Well (Richland (North Rich- 1100-8 group) land group) 

Depth (feet) ...........•.....•..•...•.• 70 to 140 100 to 120 120 

Diameter (inches) ......•.•••...••.•. 16 to 30 20 to 30 10 

Date drilled 

·························· 1943-44 1948 1948 

Percent of supply .............•.•.•• -- -- --

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Finished water ..... 120 232 80 7.2 7;8 7.0 140 202 90 2.0 2.0 2.0 

81 
WASHINGTON 

SEATTLE • 

(Population, 467, 591) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 110,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 580, 000. 

Source: Cedar River impounded in Lake Youngs. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: Approximately 300,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Lake Youngs, 3, 660,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 365, 000,000 gal. -

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Seattle Water Dept.) 

Silica {Si02 ) .............. . 

Iron (Fe) ................. .. 

Manganese (Mn) ........ .. 

Calcium (Ca) ............ .. 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ............. .. 

Potassium {K) ........... . 

Carbonate {COs) .~ ...... .. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) .... . 

Sulfate (S04 ) ............. .. 

Chloride {Cl) ............. . 

Fluoride (F)· .............. . 

Nitrate (NOs) ............. . 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Cedar 

River 

4.0 

. 04 

.0 

6.3 

. 6 

0 

22 

. 4 

2.1 

. 6 

. 0 

.0 

37 

82 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate .•.......... 

Color ........................ .. 

pH ............................. . 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) .................... .. 

Turbidity ...........•.•...... 

Temperature (F. ) •...•.•... 

Date of collection ....... .. 

Cedar 

River 

18 

0 

0 

7.3 

0 

43 

Jan. 8, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

SPOKANE 

(Population, 161, 721) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 400 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 162, 100. 

Source: 13 wells in two groups (87 percent of supply) with two pumping stations: 

Well Pumping Station (5 wells of 45ft mean depth) and Parkwater Pumping 

Station (8 wells of 140ft mean depth). Seven auxiliary wells (13 percent of 

supply) with four pumping stations: Ray Street (2 wells of 76ft mean depth); 

Grace Avenue (1 well); Hoffman Avenue (2 wells of 225 ft mean depth); and 

Baxter (2 wells of 130ft mean depth). The auxiliary wells are used during the 

summer months. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 70,100,000 gal. 

ANALYSES 

{Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Spokane Health Dept.) 

Well Park- Well ParkStation a water Station a water 

Stationb Station b 

Silica (SiQa) •.•••..••. 20 11 Hardness as CaC03 : 

Iron (Fe) .....•.••••••• . 0 . 0 Total •••••••••••••••• 153 161 

Manganese (Mn) ••••• .0 .0 Noncarbonate •••.•. 10 17 

Calcium (Ca) ..••.•••• 35 38 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••• 16 16 Color ................... -- -- Sodium (Na) •.•••••••• 4.0 4.9 pH .•••.••••.••••••.•.•.•• 7.9 7.9 

Potassium (K) ••••••• -- -- Specific conductance 

Carbonate (COJ .•••. 0 0 (micromhos at 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 175 175 25 c.) •.•......••.... -- -- SuHate (SOJ •.•••.•••. 13 13 Turbidity •.•••••.•••••• -- -- Chloride (Cl) ••••.••.. 2.0 1.9 Temperature (F.) ••• -- -- Fluoride (F) •••••••••• . 0 .0 Date of collection •.• June June 

Nitrate (NO,) .•••.•••. 2.2 2.2 1951 1951 

Dissolved solids •.••. 184 186 

Depth (feet) ................................................................. 45 140 

Diameter (feet) ·······················································u···· 28 to 50 6 

Date dug ..................................................•................... 1907-25 1948 

Percent of supply ..........•...........................•................... 60 27 

: Five wells. 

Eight wells. 

83 
WASHINGTON 

SPOKANE--Continued 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by City of Spokane Health Dept.) 

Ray Street Hoffman Baxter Grace 

Station Avenue Sta- Station Avenue 

(2 wells) tion (2 wells (2 wells) Well 

Silica (SiOj •••••••••••••••••.•••• 7.2 7.2 6.4 15 

Iron (Fe) ••..••.•••..••••••.•••••••. . 0 .0 .0 -- Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••• . -- -- -- .0 

Calcium (Ca) .•••.•.•••••••••••••• 39 32 37 29 

Magnesium (Mg) •••••••••••••••• 12 15 13 11 

Sodium (Na) .•..••••••••.••••.••••. 14 1.0 4.1 3.0 

Potassium (K) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Carbonate (CO,) ••..••.•••••.•••• 0 0 0 0 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ ••••.•••••••• 176 146 145 126 

Sulfate "(S04) • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • .... • •• 22 16 27 12 

Chloride (Cl) ••••.•.•..•••••••.•.• 7.4 2. 5 5.7 3.6 

Fluoride (F) ..............•...... -- -- -- .0 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••••••...•..••••••. 8.9 . 9 .4 4.0 

Dissolved solids •••••.•.•.••.••• 191 144 195 132 

Hardness as Caco,: 

Total •.••••••••••.••.•••••••••••• 147 142 146 118 

Noncarbonate ..•••.. ····~····· 2 22 27 14 

Color •••••••.••.•••••••••••••.•••••• -- -- -- -- pH •••..•..••.••••••••.••.••.••••••••• 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.9 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C •. ) •••••• -- -- -- -- Turbidity •••••••••.••.••••••••••••• -- -- -- -- Temperature (F.) .•••.••••••••• -- -- -- -- Date of collection ••••••••••••••• Oct. 1945 Sept. 1944 Dec. 1944 July 1951 

Depth (feet) ...................... 76 225 130 -- Diameter (feet) .................. 20 5 2 -- Date dug ......................•.... 1937 1923 1943 -- Percent of supply ............... 6 3 . 3 4 

84 
WASHINGTON 

TACOMA 

(Population, 143, 673) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 12,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 155,700. 

Source: Green River (94 percent of supply); auxiliary supply from 13 wells ranging 

in depth from 74 to 788ft, and an average yield (reported) of 3, 490 gpm. 

The well supply is used when the Green River is turbid, during peak demand 

for sprinkling, and for emergencies. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 7 2; 000, 000 gpd. 

Finished-water storage: Reservoirs, 160,000,000 gal; standpipes, 2, 574,000 gal. 

The intake on Green River is near Palmer, about 3 5 miles east of Tacoma. The 

water is transmitted by pipe line to McMillin Reservoir, located 8 miles southeast of Tacoma. A second pipe line connects McMillin Reservoir and the distribution system in Tacoma. 

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million by Northwest Laboratories, Seattle, Wash.) ' 

Green River Finished Well 5-A (raw water) water 

Silica (SiOj •••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 23 26 27 

Iron (Fe) ·······~········· .. •••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Manganese (Mn) ••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

Calcium (Ca) • •••••••••• •••••••••••••• 5.2 6.4 12 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••••••••••••••• 1.2 1.3 7.7 

Sodium (Na) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6. 9 6.7 9.4 

Pota.ssium (:K) ••••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Carlx>nate (CO.) ••••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Bicarlx>nate (HCO.) ••••••••••••••••• 29 30 56 

Sulfate (SO..). •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2.0 2.1 8.9 

Chloride (Cl) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6.3 6.3 9.5 

Fluoride (I? ....•.....•••...•.•••..•.. 0 0 0 

Nitrate (NO,) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 17 

Dissolved solids •••••••••••••••••••• a 59 a64 115 

Hardness as CaC01 : 

Total ..................•...........•. 18 21 61 

Noncarbonate •••••••••••••••••••.•• 0 0 16 

Color •••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 0 

pH ...•...•.......•.••..•••.•••.••...•.••. 7.4 7.8 7.1 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ••••••••••• -- -- -- Turbidity •••••.••••.•••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Temperature (F. ) ••••••••••••••••••• -- -- -- Date reported ....................... Oct. 4, 1948 Oct. 4, 1948 Oct. 4, 1948 

Depth (feet) ........................... 378 

Diameter (inches) ......•.•••......•. 26 

Date drilled .......................... 1930 

Percent of supply .•....•.......••... --

a Sum of determined constituents. 

85 
Raw water .•..••... 

Finished water .•. 

W .ASHINGTON 

T .ACOMA--Continued 

Regular determinations at treatment plant 

Alkalinity 

as CaC03 pH 

(ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Max Min 

-- -- -- 7. 8 7.8 7.1 

-- -- -- -- -- --

VANCOUVER 

(Population, 41, 664) 

Hardness 

as CaC03 

(ppm) 

Av Max 

21 61 

-- --

Turbidity 

Min Av Max Min 

18 0 150 0 

-- -- -- --

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 6, 800 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 48, 500. 

Source: 14 wells (72 percent of supply) and springs (28 percent of supply). The 

range in depth and reported yield of 5 wells (1, 3, 4, 5, and 6) represent 

about average conditions for the 14 wells. The depth and the yield of the 5 

wells are as follows: well 1, 132ft and 1, 000 gpm; well 3, 128ft and 1, 000 

gpm; well 4, 243ft and 2,000 gpm; well 5·, 240ft and 1, 200 gpm; well 6, 

278 ft and 2, 000 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 5, 728,000 gal. 

The analysis given is representative of the water furnished to the consumers. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by Charlton Laboratories, Portland, Oreg.) 

Silica (Si~) •:•••••• .. ••••• Iron (Fe) ...•...........••.. 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..•.......•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ••••••••• 

Sodium (Na) •..•.......•... 

Potassium (K) •••••..•••.• 

Carbonate (COs) •....... ,. 

Bicarbonate (HC03 ) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04 ) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .•.••..•.•••.•• 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••• • •• • • • 

Dissolved solids .•....•.. 

Finished 

water 

(composite) 

44 

. 3 

.o 

14 

4. 8 

4.4 

73. 

5. 7 

3.2 

. 0 

129 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total ...•......•....••.•.... 

Noncarbona.te •••.•.•••••• 

Color •.••.•••..•••.•..•.•••••.. 

pH •••..•.••..••.•••.••.•..••.••. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •..•••••.....•........ 

Turbidity •......••..•••..•... 

Temperature (F. ) •••••••.•• 

Date of analysis ........... . 

86 

Finished 

water 

(composite) 

55 

0 

6.9 

Apr. 18, 

1949 
WASHINGTON 

WALLA WALLA 

(Population, 24, 102) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 1, 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 25,600. 

Source: Mill Creek (84 percent of supply); auxiliary supply from 3 wells (1 to 3), 

810, 808, and 1, 169 ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to be 1, 500, 

1, 200, and 2, 000 gpm. The wells are pumped only during the summer 

months and furnish 16 percent of the annual supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination of water from Mill Creek; well supply not treated. 

Raw-water storage: 15,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: --

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•..•.•.....••... 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ......•.•.•.•. 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na) .•.•.......••.. 

Potassium (K) •••••••••••• 

Carbonate (C~) ......... . 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (804) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......••.•••• 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids .....••.. 

Finished 

water 

39 

.03 

9.4 

3.6 

4.2 

2.6 

0 

60 

1.8 

1.0 

. 2 

.2 

89 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total •..•...•.....•......••. 

Noncarbonate .••...•...•. 

Color .•.•.•....••..•....•.•.... 

pH •••..•..•...••.•.•••.•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) •.•..••......•........ 

Turbidity ...........••••..... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•... 

Date of collection •••.•.... 

87 

Finished 

water 

38 

0 

5 

7.6 

102 

61 

June 6, 

1951 
WASHINGTON 

WENATCHEE 

(Population, 13, 072) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 2, 000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 15,100. 

Source: Columbia River. 

Treatment: Sedimentation, coagulation with alum, rapid sand filtration, and 

chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 14,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 4, 000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(~nalysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ........•.•....•.•. 

Manganese (Mn) •••••••••• 

Calcium (Ca) .•............ 

Magnesium (Mg) ..•...... 

Sodium (Na) .............. . 

Potassium (K) •.•.•••••••. 

Carbonate (COs) .•.....•.. 

Bicarbonate (liC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...... 

Fluoride (F) .......•..•.... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ........ . 

Columbia 

River 

(raw water) 

9.6 

20 

3.6 

8.6 

0 

72 

21 

1 

• 2 

. 6 

alOO 

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ...................... . 

Noncarbonate ........... . 

Color ••........•............... 

pH .••..•...............•........ 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ••...•................ 

Turbidity ...........••...•... 

Temperature (F. ) •..••.•..• 

Date of collection •.•...... 

Columbia 

River 

(raw water) 

65 

6 

143 

53 

May 12, 

1949 

Regular determiMtions at treatment plant, 1950 

Alkalinity Hardness 

as CaC03 pH as CaC03 Turbidity 

(ppm) (ppm) 

Av Max Min Av Mu Min Av Max Min Av Max Min 

Raw water ......... 45 51 39 7.7 8.1 7.3 45 60 30 2.3 3. 5 1.0 

Finished water ... 45 50 41 7.5 7.8 7.3 46 60 32 . 2 . 5 0 

a Sum of determined constituents. 

88 
WASHINGTON 

YAKIMA 

(Population, 38, 486) 

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 3, 800 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 42, 300. 

Source: Naches River; emergency supply from 2 wells (1 and 2) 250 and 65 ft: 

deep. (No well water was used during 1950. ) 

Treatment: Plain sedimentation, filtration through natural sand and gravel beils, 

and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 24,000,000 gal. 

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey) 

Silica (Si02) ••••••••••••••• 

Iron (Fe) ...•....•......•... 

Manganese (Mn) ••••.••••• 

Calcium (Ca) ..........•... 

Magnesium (Mg) ........ . 

Sodium (Na) ...•........... 

Potassium (K) ........... . 

Carbonate (C03) •••••••••• 

Bicarbonate (HC03) ••••• 

Sulfate (S04) ••••••••••••••• 

Chloride (Cl) .......•...•.. 

Fluoride (F) ...•...•....... 

Nitrate (N03 ) •••••••••••••• 

Dissolved solids ......•.. 

aNaches River. 

Finished 

water a 

17 . 11 

6.1 

1.4 

3.0 

1.0 

0 

30 

2.5 

1.7 

. 1 

.1 

50 

Hardness as CaC<>s: 

Total .•.......•........•.... 

Noncarbonate .••...••.... 

Color ••..•...••••..•....•.•...• 

pH .••..••••..•••.•.•...•......•. 

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 c.) ..................... . Turbidity ...........•••...•.. 

Temperature (F. ) •..••••.•• 

Date of collection •••...... 

89 

Finished 

water a 

·21 

0 

10 

7.1 

57 

64 

June 7, 

1951 

GPo- 1 I• 42155