NRFC 

Quick Statistics 

2007 

National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse  101 Lake Forest Boulevard, Suite 360  Gaithersburg, MD 20877 

 Toll-free: 1 (877) 4DAD411  Fax: (301) 948-4325  www.fatherhood.gov 

Fathers and Fertility 

Father’s Age at First Child’s Birth by Educational Attainment, 2002 

Education 

Number 

of 

Fathers 

(000s) 

Average 

Age 

Less 

than 20 

years 

20-24 

years 

25-29 

years 

30-44 

years 

All* 28,554 25.1 15.3% 35.4% 28.6% 20.7% 

No high school diploma or 

GED 4,661 22.8 22.2% 50.8% 19.1% 7.9% 

High school diploma or GED 10,735 24.0 17.2% 43.6% 26.1% 13.1% 

Some college, no bachelor's 

degree 6,798 25.4 12.4% 34.9% 34.2% 18.5% 

Bachelor's degree or higher 5,685 29.4 2.7% 9.1% 37.7% 50.5% 

*Education statistics are limited to men aged 22-44, “All” category includes men aged 15-21 as well. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 

23(26). 2006. 

• The average age at first birth is higher for fathers with higher educational levels. 

• In 2002, about half (50.8 percent) of men with no high school diploma or GED had their 

first child between the ages of 20 and 24 while about half (50.5 percent) of those with a 

bachelor’s degree or higher had their first child between 30 and 44 years of age. 

• Compared to those with a high school education or higher, fathers with less than a high 

school education were more likely to have their first child while still a teenager. 

Father’s Age of First Child’s Birth for Fathers by Race/Ethnicity, 2002 

Race/Ethnicity 

Number 

of 

Fathers 

(000s) 

Mean 

Age 

Less 

than 20 

years 

20-24 

years 

25-29 

years 

30-44 

years 

All* 28,554 25.1 15.3% 35.4% 28.6% 20.7% 

Hispanic or Latino 5,652 23.3 19.4% 48.1% 21.1% 11.4% 

Non-Hispanic White 16,998 26.1 11.0% 30.8% 33.3% 24.9% 

Non-Hispanic Black 3,439 23.5 24.8% 41.7% 20.2% 13.4% 

So

*Includes men of other or multiple races and origin groups, not shown separately. 

urce: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 23(26). 2006. 
 

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• In 2002, non-Hispanic white fathers reported a higher mean age at the birth of their first 

child (26.1 years) than non-Hispanic black fathers (23.5 years) and Hispanic fathers 

(23.2 years). 

• About one in four non-Hispanic black fathers had their first child as a teenager (24.8 

percent) compared to only 11 percent of non-Hispanic white fathers. 

• About one in four non-Hispanic white fathers had their first child when they were 30-44 

years of age (24.9 percent). 

Birth Rates by Age of Father, 1980 – 2004 

(Rates are live births per 1,000 men in specified group) 

Year 

Age of Father 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 

15-54 years1 57.0 55.6 58.4 51.0 50.0 48.8 

15–19 years2 18.8 18.0 23.5 23.9 19.8 17.0 

20–24 years 92.0 81.2 88.0 83.9 82.1 72.4 

25–29 years 123.1 112.3 116.4 103.2 106.5 104.9 

30–34 years 91.0 91.1 97.8 90.7 99.5 102.5 

35–39 years 42.8 47.3 53.0 50.4 56.3 61.7 

40–44 years 17.1 18.1 21.0 20.3 22.2 23.9 

45–49 years 6.1 6.6 7.5 7.0 7.3 7.7 

50–54 years 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 

55 years and 

over 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 

1

 Rates computed by relating total births, regardless of age of father, to men aged 15-54 years. 2

 Rates computed by relating total births of fathers under 20 years of age to men aged 15-19 years. 

Source: Table 21. Birth rates by age and race of father: United States, 1980–2004 in Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, et al. 

Births: Final Data for 2004. National Vital Statistics Reports; Vol 55 No. 1. Hyattsville, MD: 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2006. 

• Between 1980 and 2004, 1990 marked the highest birth rate for men aged 15-54 years 

(58.4 live births per 1,000 men). Since 1990, the birth rate has decreased to 48.8 live 

births per 1,000 men, about a 14 percent decrease from the 1980 birth rate. 

• The birth rate for teenage men exceeded 20 live births per 1,000 men in the 1990s but 

by 2004 had decreased below the 1980 rate. 

• Between 1980 and 2004, the birth rate remained highest for men aged 25-29. 
 

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• During this time period the birth rate for men under 30 years of age fell while the birth 

rate for men aged 30-49 increased. 

Total Births By Father’s Education Level, 1997-2002 

Education Level

Number of Births

(000s) %Total 

Total* 19,117 

No high school diploma or GED 3,051 16.0% 

High school diploma or GED 6,641 34.7% 

Some college, no bachelor's degree 4,947 25.9% 

Bachelor's degree or higher 4,478 23.4% 

*Limited to men 20-44 year of age at time of interview. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 

23(26). 2006. 

• Most births that occurred between 1997 and 2002 were to fathers with a high school 

diploma/GED or higher (84 percent). 

• Fathers with no high school diploma/GED had the fewest number of births and the 

smallest percentage (16.0 percent). 

Total Births By Father’s Income, 1997-2002 

Percent of Poverty Level 

Number of Births

(000s) %Total 

Total* 19,748 

0-149 percent 6,288 31.8% 

150-299 percent 6,245 31.6% 

300 percent or higher 7,215 36.5% 

*Limited to men 20-44 year of age at time of interview. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 

23(26). 2006. 

• A little over 63 percent (63.4 percent) of births were to fathers with incomes less than 

300 percent of the poverty level. 
 

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Total Births By Father’s Marital or Cohabitating Status, 1997-2002 

Marital or cohabitating status at child's 

birth

Number of Births

(000s) %Total 

Total* 19,962 

Married to child's mother 14,267 71.5% 

Cohabitating with child's mother 3,955 19.8% 

Living alone or apart from mother of child 1,740 8.7% 

*Limited to men 15-44 year of age at time of interview. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 23(26). 2006. 

• Most (71.5 percent) of births occurring between 1997 and 2002 were to fathers who 

were married to the mothers of their children. 

• If the child was born out of wedlock, fathers were more likely to be cohabitating with the 

child’s mother (19.8 percent) than living apart from her (8.7 percent). 

Number of Births Fathered by One or More Partners, 2002 

Number of Births/Partners 

% of Men Aged 15-

44 in 2002 

No Births 53.3% 

1 Birth 17.1% 

2+ Births, Single-Partner Fertility 21.4% 

2+ Births, Multiple-Partner 

Fertility 8.2% 

Note: Data drawn from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, sample limited to men 15-44 years of age. 

Source: Logan, C., Manlove, J., Ikramullah, E., Cottingham, S. (2006). Men Who Father Children with More Than One Woman: A 

Contemporary Portrait of Multiple-Partner Fertility (Publication No. 2006-10). Washington, DC: Child Trends. 

• In 2002, nearly one-half (46.7%) of men aged 15-44 had fathered a child. 

• Almost 39% of men aged 15-44 had had children with a single partner. 

• Eight percent of men aged 15-44 had experienced multiple-partner fertility; that is, they 

had fathered children with more than one mother. 
 

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Prevalence of Multiple-Partner Fertility by Age, 2002 

Age 

% Experienced Multiple 

Partner Fertility 

25 years 5% 

30 years 8% 

35 years 12% 

40 years 15% 

Note: Data drawn from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, sample limited to men 15-44 years of age. 

Source: Logan, C., Manlove, J., Ikramullah, E., Cottingham, S. (2006). Men Who Father Children with More Than One Woman: A 

Contemporary Portrait of Multiple-Partner Fertility (Publication No. 2006-10). Washington, DC: Child Trends. 

• The proportion of men who have fathered children with more than one woman increases 

with age. 

• In 2002, by age 25 an estimated 5 percent of men had experienced multiple-partner 

fertility, this percentage increased to 15% by the age of 40. 

Prevalence of Multiple-Partner Fertility by Marital Status, 2002 

Marital Status At Time of 

Births 

% of Men Who 

Have Experienced 

Multiple Partner 

Fertility 

Nonmarital Only 29% 

Marital Only 24% 

Nonmarital 1st Birth and Marital 

Subsequent Birth(s) 30% 

Marital 1st Birth and 

Nonmarital Subsequent 

Birth(s) 16% 

Note: Data drawn from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, sample limited to men 15-44 years of age. 

Source: Logan, C., Manlove, J., Ikramullah, E., Cottingham, S. (2006). Men Who Father Children with More Than One Woman: A 

Contemporary Portrait of Multiple-Partner Fertility (Publication No. 2006-10). Washington, DC: Child Trends. 

• In 2002, approximately 70 percent of men who had fathered children with different 

women (multiple-partner fertility) were married to at least one of the women involved. 

• The majority of men who experienced multiple-partner fertility were not married when 

their first child was born (59 percent), including 29 percent who only fathered children 

outside of marriage. 

• Almost one-half (46 percent) of men experiencing multiple-partner fertility fathered at 

least one child outside of marriage and at least one child within marriage. 
 

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Prevalence of Multiple-Partner Fertility by Race/Ethnicity, 2002 

Race/Ethnicity 

% Experienced Multiple 

Partner Fertility 

Non-Hispanic White 14% 

Non-Hispanic Black 32% 

Hispanic 17% 

Note: Data drawn from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, sample limited to men 15-44 years of age. 

Source: Logan, C., Manlove, J., Ikramullah, E., Cottingham, S. (2006). Men Who Father Children with More Than One Woman: A 

Contemporary Portrait of Multiple-Partner Fertility (Publication No. 2006-10). Washington, DC: Child Trends. 

• In 2002, one in three non-Hispanic black men (32 percent) had children with more than 

one woman compared with 17 percent of Hispanic men and 14 percent of non-Hispanic 

white men. 

Number of Children Fathered by Age, 2002 

Number of Children Fathered 

Current Age 

Total 

Men 

(000s) Zero One Two 

Three 

or 

More 

All (Ages 15-44) 61,147 53.3% 17.1% 16.1% 13.5% 

15-19 Years 10,208 98.1% 1.6% - - 

20-24 Years 9,883 82.6% 11.3% 4.5% 1.6% 

25-29 Years 9,226 55.0% 20.2% 15.2% 9.6% 

30-34 Years 10,138 37.1% 26.9% 22.8% 13.1% 

35-39 Years 10,557 29.2% 22.4% 27.0% 21.4% 

40-44 Years 11,135 22.4% 19.9% 25.0% 32.7% 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 

23(26). 2006. 

• In 2002, over half of men (53.3 percent) aged 15-44 had not fathered a child and only 

1.6% of men aged 15-19 had fathered a child. By age 44, nearly four out of five men 

(77.6 percent) had fathered at least one child. 

• Over 17 percent of men had fathered one child and over 16 percent of men had fathered 

two children. 

• Of men aged 15-44 in 2002, only 13.5 percent had fathered 3 or more children. 

• Older men, those in the 40 to 44 age range, were far more likely to have fathered three 

or more children (32.7 percent). 
 

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Number of Children Fathered by Education Level, 2002 

Number of Children Fathered 

Education Level 

Total 

Men 

(000s) Zero One Two 

Three 

or 

More 

All* 61,147 53.3% 17.1% 16.1% 13.5% 

No high school diploma or GED 6,355 26.7% 21.3% 20.3% 31.8% 

High school diploma or GED 15,659 31.5% 23.7% 23.9% 21.0% 

Some college, no bachelor's 

degree 13,104 48.1% 19.7% 19.2% 13.0% 

Bachelor's degree or higher 11,901 52.2% 19.3% 18.3% 10.2% 

* Education statistics are limited to men aged 22-44, “All” category includes teenage men as well. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 

23(26). 2006. 

• In 2002, men ages 22 to 44 with higher levels of education were less likely to have 

fathered a child. 

• Only one in ten (10.2 percent) of men with a bachelor’s degree or higher had fathered 

three or more children as compared to one in three men (31.8 percent) with no high 

school diploma or GED. 

• Fathers of all education levels were more likely to have fathered just one or two children 

as opposed to three or more. 

Number of Children Fathered by Marital or Cohabitating Status, 2002 

Number of Children Fathered 

Total 

Men 

(000s) Zero One Two 

Three 

or 

More 

All 61,147 53.3% 17.1% 16.1% 13.5% 

Currently married 25,808 21.3% 24.9% 29.1% 24.8% 

Currently cohabitating 5,653 45.3% 25.3% 13.7% 15.7% 

Never married, not cohabitating 25,412 92.8% 5.1% 1.4% 0.7% 

Formerly married, not cohabitating 4,274 22.2% 30.5% 28.1% 19.2% 

Note: Sample limited to men aged 15-44. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 

23(26). 2006. 

• In 2002, men who were both never married and non-cohabitating were the most likely to 

have fathered no children (92.8 percent). 

• More than three-quarters of currently married and formerly married (and not 

cohabitating) men had fathered one or more children (78.7 percent and 77.8 percent 

respectively). 
 

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• Over one half of currently cohabitating men had fathered one or more children (54.7 

percent). 

Number of Children Fathered by Race/Ethnicity, 2002 

Number of Children Fathered 

Total 

Men 

(000s) Zero One Two 

Three 

or 

More 

All* 61,147 53.3% 17.1% 16.1% 13.5% 

Hispanic/Latino 10,188 44.5% 17.3% 17.4% 20.8% 

Non-Hispanic White 38,738 56.1% 17.1% 16.1% 10.7% 

Non-Hispanic Black 6,940 50.5% 17.9% 15.6% 16.1% 

Note: Sample limited to men aged 15-44. 

*Includes men or other or multiple race and origin groups, not show separately 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 23(26). 2006. 

• In 2002, non-Hispanic white men were the least likely across racial/ethnic groups to 

have fathered a child (43.9 percent). 

• Hispanic men were the more likely to have fathered a child (55.5 percent) than nonHispanic white men (43.9 percent) and non-Hispanic black men (49.5 percent). 

• About one in five Hispanic men had fathered three or more children (20.8 percent). 

Number and Percent of Fathers with a Premarital First Birth by Age at Birth and 

Cohabitating Status, 2002 

Premarital First Birth 

Age at Birth 

All Fathers 

Aged 15-44 

in 2002 

(000s)

Currently or 

Formerly 

Married to 

Child’s 

Mother Subtotal 

Within 

Cohabitating 

Union 

Living Alone 

or Apart from 

the Mother 

All Ages 28,554 66.2% 33.8% 18.2% 15.6% 

Under 20 

years 4,374 37.7% 62.3% 26.3% 36.0% 

20-24 years 10,113 52.2% 47.8% 27.1% 20.7% 

25-29 years 8,162 81.9% 18.1% 11.4% 6.8% 

30-44 years 5,905 89.6% 10.5% 6.2% 4.2% 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 23(26). 2006. 

• In 2002, about one third (33.8 percent) of fathers had had their first child out of wedlock. 
 

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• Teen fathers were the more likely to have had a premarital first birth (62.3 percent), 

compared to older fathers. 

• Fathers who had a premarital birth as a teenager were more likely to be living apart from 

the mother (36.0 percent) while older fathers with a premarital birth were more likely to 

have been in a cohabitating union. 

Number and Percent of Fathers with a Premarital First Birth, 

by Income and Cohabitating Status, 2002 

Premarital First Birth 

Percent of Poverty 

Level 

All Fathers Aged 

15-44 in 2002 

(000s) 

Currently or 

Formerly Married 

to Child’s Mother 

All Fathers with 

Premarital First 

Birth 

Within 

Cohabitating 

Union 

Living Alone or 

Apart from the 

Mother 

All* 28,554 66.2% 33.8% 18.2% 15.6% 

0-149 percent 7,157 48.3% 51.8% 31.4% 20.3% 

150-299 percent 8,553 65.0% 35.0% 19.6% 15.4% 

300 percent or 

higher 12,674 77.9% 22.1% 9.9% 12.3% 

*Income information is limited to men 20-44, “All” includes men 15-19 as well. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 23(26). 2006. 

• Men living below 150 percent of the poverty level were more likely than those with higher 

income to have a premarital first birth (51.8 percent). 

• Men with lower incomes (below 150 percent of the poverty level) were more likely to 

have a premarital first birth and more likely to live alone or apart from the mother (20.3 

percent) than men with higher incomes. 

Number and Percent of Fathers with a Premarital First Birth by Race/Ethnicity and 

Cohabitating Status, 2002 

Premarital First Birth 

Race/Ethnicity 

All Fathers 

Aged 15-44 in 

2002 (000s) 

Currently or 

Formerly 

Married to 

Child’s 

Mother 

All Fathers 

with 

Premarital 

First Birth 

Within 

Cohabitating 

Union 

Living 

Alone or 

Apart from 

the Mother 

All* 28,554 66.2% 33.8% 18.2% 15.6% 

Hispanic or Latino 5,652 51.7% 48.4% 32.1% 16.2% 

Non-Hispanic White 16,998 77.2% 22.8% 12.4% 10.4% 

Non-Hispanic Black 3,439 36.7% 63.3% 24.2% 39.1% 

*Includes men of other or multiple race and origin groups, not shown separately. 

Source: Martinez GM, Chandra A., Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD. Fertility, Contraception, and Fatherhood: Data on Men and 

Women From Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. 

Vital Health Stat 23(26). 2006. 
 

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1 (877)4DAD411 Page 10 of 11 www.fatherhood.gov

• In 2002, non-Hispanic black fathers (63.3 percent) and Hispanic fathers (48.4 percent) 

were more likely to have a premarital first birth than non-Hispanic white fathers (22.8 

percent). 

• At the time of the first premarital birth, non-Hispanic black fathers were more likely to be 

living apart from the mother (39.1 percent) than in a cohabitating union (24.2 percent). 

• At the time of the premarital birth, Hispanic fathers were more likely to be within a 

cohabitating union (32.1 percent) than living apart from the mother (16.2 percent). 

Resident Father’s Pregnancy Intentions for Children Born in 2001 by Age 

Percent of Fathers 

Pregnancy Intentions

All Resident 

Fathers 

Less than 20 

Years Old 

20 -24 Years 

Old 

25-34 Years 

Old 

35 and 

Older 

Did not want pregnancy 25.2% 38.1% 27.1% 21.9% 28.9% 

Wanted pregnancy sooner 9.9% 5.1% 4.7% 8.7% 13.9% 

Wanted pregnancy later 18.6% 32.2% 31.9% 18.7% 12.5% 

Pregnancy occurred at 

the right time 46.3% 24.6% 36.3% 50.7% 44.6% 

Source: Child Trends Analyses, 2001 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLSB), 9-month Resident Father Survey. 

• At the time their child was 9 months old, one in four resident fathers (25.2 percent) 

reported not having wanted the pregnancy. Teenage fathers were the most likely age 

group to report that they did not want the pregnancy (38.1 percent). 

• Almost half of fathers (46.3 percent) reported that the pregnancy occurred at the right 

time. Teenage fathers were less likely than other fathers to report that the pregnancy 

occurred at or about the right time (24.6 percent). 

• Younger fathers (<24 years) were more likely to report having wanted the pregnancy 

later (about 32 percent) than were fathers aged 25-34 and 35 and older (18.7 percent 

and 12.5 percent respectively). 
 

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Resident Father’s Pregnancy Intentions for Children Born in 2001 by Race/Ethnicity 

Percent of Fathers 

 

All Resident 

Fathers* Hispanic 

Non-Hispanic 

White 

NonHispanic 

Black 

Did not want pregnancy 25.2% 25.9% 20.3% 34.1% 

Wanted pregnancy sooner 9.9% 7.4% 11.2% 8.4% 

Wanted pregnancy later 18.6% 19.8% 18.9% 21.7% 

Pregnancy occurred at the right 

time 46.3% 46.9% 49.7% 36.0% 

*Includes fathers of other ethnicities, not shown separately. 

Source: Child Trends Analyses, 2001 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLSB), 9-month Resident Father Survey. 

• At the time their child was 9 months old, one in four resident fathers (25.2 percent) 

reported not having wanted the pregnancy. Non-Hispanic black fathers were more likely 

(34.1 percent) to report not wanting the pregnancy. 

• Most (46.3 percent) of all fathers reported that the pregnancy occurred at the right time. 

Non-Hispanic black fathers were less likely to report that the pregnancy occurred at the 

right time (36.0 percent). 

• Non-Hispanic black fathers were the most likely across racial and ethnic groups to report 

wanting the pregnancy to occur later (21.7 percent).