U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 1068 

The Conterminous United States 

Mineral-Resource Assessment ProgramBackground Information to Accompany 

Folio of Geologic and Mineral-Resource 

Maps of the Rolla 1 ox 2° Quadrangle, 

M!ssouri 

Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department 

of Natural Resources, Division of Geology 

and Land Survey 
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The Conterminous United States 

Mineral-Resource Assessment ProgramBackground Information to Accompany 

Folio of Geologic and Mineral-Resource 

Maps of the Rolla 1 o x 2° Quadrangle, 

Missouri 

By WALDEN P. PRATT 

Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department 

of Natural Resources, Division of Geology 

and Land Survey 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 1068 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive 

purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991 

Free on application to: 

Books and Open-File Reports Section 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Federal Center 

Box 25425 

Denver, CO 80225 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Catalog No. 9125455 
CONTENTS 

Purpose of report 1 

Introduction 1 

Geology of the Rolla quadrangle 1 

Brief history of project operations 2 

Publications 8 

References cited 8 

FIGURES 

1-3. Maps of Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri, showing: 

1. Principal towns, highways, and base-metal mining districts 2 

2. Generalized geology and base-metal mining districts 3 

3. Geologic map coverage at beginning of Rolla CUSMAP project 4 

4. Stratigraphic diagram of Cambrian sedimentary rocks in Rolla quadrangle 

showing intervals selected for isopach and lithofacies maps 5 

5-6. Maps of Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri, showing: 

5. Areas of very high potential for Mississippi Valley-type deposits and for 

high-grade iron ores 6 

6. Areas of high potential for small barite deposits and for tin-tungsten veins 

and areas that may have potential for veins of rare-earth-element minerals 

and thorium 7 

Contents Ill 

The Conterminous United States Minerai-Reso.urce 

Assessment Program-Background Information to 

Accompany Folio of Geologic and Mineral-Resource 

Maps of the Rolla 1 °X2° Quadrangle, Missouri 

By Walden P. Pratt 

PURPOSE OF REPORT 

As the title implies, this report contains background 

information; that is, an account of the operations and 

products of the Rolla project of the U.S. Geological 

Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment 

Program (CUSMAP). It is not intended as a review of the 

scientific conclusions of the project, except for a brief 

summary of the mineral-resource assessment. The scientific 

results are in the Rolla CUSMAP folio itself and in related 

publications listed at the end of this report. 

INTRODUCTION 

Since 1976 the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) has been making regional assessments of mineralresource potential in selected 1 °X2° quadrangles by 

integrating as many data on mineral deposits and occurrences, geology, geochemistry, and geophysics as are 

available or can be obtained within the 3-5-year time span 

of each project. 

The Rolla quadrangle in southeast Missouri (fig. 1) 

was selected as one of the first CUSMAP projects for two 

principal reasons. One reason is the area's known importance in U.S. metal production. In 1980 the State of 

Missouri produced 91 percent of U.S. mine production of 

lead, ranked second among the 50 States in production of 

zinc and barite and fourth in silver, and was among the top 

10 States in total value of metals and nonmetals produced. 

All of the metal production came from southeast Missouri, 

and most of this was from within the Rolla 1 °X2° 

Manuscript approved for publication May 21, 1991. 

quadrangle (fig. 2), which still contains the largest known 

lead reserves in the world and important resources of zinc, 

barite, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, and nickel. The other 

reason is that the platform carbonate terranes in the 

quadrangle are representative of much of the Midcontinent 

region, and we felt that if we could develop an appraisal 

strategy that could be successfully tested in the known 

mineralized areas of southeast Missouri, we should then be 

able to export that strategy, not only to other areas in the 

Midcontinent but also to platform carbonate terranes 

elsewhere. 

We believe that the Rolla project was a success-that 

we did indeed develop a strategy or methodology of 

mineral-resource assessment that is valid not only for the 

Rolla quadrangle but also for similar geologic terranes 

elsewhere. The 1 :250,000-scale map products that make up 

the Rolla CUSMAP folio include 20 maps in the U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS) Miscellaneous Field Studies 

(MF) series and 2 maps in the USGS Miscellaneous 

Geologic Investigations (I) series; related discussions and 

interpretations have been published as numerous journal 

articles and as open-file reports of the USGS and Missouri 

Geological Survey (MGS). 

GEOLOGY OF THE ROLLA QUADRANGLE 

The principal geologic formations of the Rolla 

quadrangle are sedimentary rocks, mostly dolomite, of Late 

Cambrian and Early Ordovician age, that overlie volcanic 

and granitic rocks of Middle Proterozoic (Precambrian Y) 

age (fig. 2). The Precambrian rocks are exposed mainly in 

the St. Francois Mountains in the eastern part of the 

quadrangle, where a complex of dominantly rhyolitic ashflow tuff was intruded by a composite batholith of biotite 

and amphibole-biotite granite. The buried Precambrian 

Geology of the Rolla Quadrangle 
Q 

QUADRANGLE 

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Figure 1. Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri, showing principal towns, highways, and base-metal mining districts (enclosed 

by dashed lines). 

basement in the rest of the quadrangle is dominated by 

subvolcanic massifs of biotite granite, central plutons of 

two-mica microcline and albite granite ("tin" granite), and 

ring intrusions of amphibole-biotite granite. Numerous 

alkalic ultrabasic diatremes of Devonian age intruded the 

sedimentary rocks in the northeastern part of the quadrangle, in an area east of Farmington and north of Fredericktown. Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the quadrangle 

generally are flat lying or dip gently away from the 

St. Francois Mountains; they are fairly well exposed around 

the flanks of these mountains but elsewhere in the quadrangle are mantled by thick residual cherty clays. Where the 

entire section of Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician 

rocks is preserved, mostly in the western part of the 

quadrangle, its total thickness is about 2,000 ft. It is overlain 

by Middle Ordovician through Upper Mississippian sedimentary carbonate rocks in the extreme northeastern part of 

the quadrangle and by Quaternary alluvium in the extreme 

southeastern comer. 

BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT OPERATIONS 

Work on the Rolla project was begun by the USGS in 

October 1975; the project was formally funded under the 

new CUSMAP program, as a cooperative with the Missouri 

Division of Geology and Land Survey, beginning in 

October 1976. A meeting to report on interim progress of 

the project was held in Rolla for the mining industry in May 

1978, and the first formal publication to come from the 

project was a summary geochemical map of the quadrangle published in 1978 (Erickson and others, 1978). An 

appraisal of the metallic mineral-resource potential of the 

quadrangle-the principal objective of the project-was 

submitted on schedule in September 1980, 5 years after the 

project's informal beginning, and was released as an openfile report in May 1981 (Pratt, 1981 ). Numerous other 

products were released either as formal publications or as 

open-file reports from time to time through 1987; the last 

formal map publication, a full-color geologic map of the 

quadrangle, is now in press (Pratt and others, in press). 

Although most project activities went on concurrently 

over a period of 4 years in both the USGS and the MGS, for 

the sake of organization they are reviewed here by principal 

geologic discipline. 

Mineral deposits and occurrences.-Known sites of 

mineralization in the quadrangle at the start of the project 

ranged from major operating lead-zinc and iron mines, 

through large and small mines no longer active, to numerous 

2 Information To Accompany Folio of Maps of the Rolla Quadrangle, Missouri 
40 MILES 

EXPlANATION D Ordovician and 

younger rocks 

~ Cambrian rocks 

Precambrian rocks 

Mining areas 

Figure 2. Generalized geology of Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle and areas of base-metal mining districts. 

prospects and isolated occurrences of a variety of economic 

minerals. Mary H. Miller of the USGS made a thorough 

search of the literature and of commodity mineral map files 

of the MGS and compiled all available information on 

mines, prospects, and occurrences (Miller, 1982). 

Geology.-The project required new reconnaissance 

geologic mapping of about 65 percent of the quadrangle to 

supplement previous mapping, both published and unpublished, that was considered of adequate geologic detail for 

the purposes of the project (fig. 3). Reconnaissance was 

directed toward the resolution of four principal problems 

that were perceived. First, detailed studies in the Precambrian terrane of the St. Francois Mountains, building 

on R.E. Anderson's (1962, 1970) discovery that most of 

the volcanic rocks were not flows but ignimbrites, had 

established a new volcanic stratigraphy for the northern 

St. Francois Mountains and provided abundant new petrographic and chemical data on the granitic rocks; a new 

geologic map of the quadrangle was needed to extend the 

new volcanic stratigraphy into the areas not yet mapped in 

detail and to provide a rational classification for both 

volcanic and intrusive rocks to replace the obsolete stratigraphy and nomenclature of earlier years, belatedly 

published in 1969 (Tolman and Robertson, 1969). Compilation and reconnaissance of the Precambrian areas were 

undertaken as the first phase of geologic mapping, and a 

new map of exposed Precambrian rocks, including recent 

mapping of several 7lf2' quadrangles by Anderson and by 

M.E. Bickford and some of his students at the University of 

Kansas, was published in 1979 (Pratt and others, 1979). 

The three remaining problems all pertained to the 

sedimentary rocks. First, review of new reconnaissance 

mapping done by MGS staff for the 1978 revision of the 

1 :500,000-scale geologic map of Missouri indicated some 

differences in interpretation of contacts between the 

Eminence and Potosi Dolomites that would have to be 

resolved. Second, studies of other parts of the Upper 

Cambrian section by Kurtz (1960) and Howe (1968) had 

showed that the primary stratigraphy of the Cambrian 

carbonate formations was not uniform across the St. Francois Mountains and that this nonuniformity had led to 

regional and local differences in recrystallization. This 

Brief History of Project Operations 3 
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Figure 3. Geologic map coverage of Rolla 1°X2° quadrangle at beginning of Rolla CUSMAP project. 

recrystallization locally masked primary depositional 

fabrics of several formations overlying the ore-bearing 

Bonneterre Formation, and these formations had been 

mapped erroneously as Bonneterre; this too needed to be 

resolved. Finally, as mapping progressed, the fallacy or 

pitfalls of attempting to map "ghost" structures through 

varying thicknesses of residuum became apparent, and the 

decision was made to distinguish residuum from bedrock on 

the map where the residuum was thought to be thick enough 

to obscure true bedrock relationships. Mapping of the 

sedimentary rocks was carried on by staff members of both 

the USGS and MGS, intermittently from October 1977 

through April 1980. Included as new mapping for this 

project was reconnaissance of four 15' quadrangles in the 

west-central part of the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, done in 

1955-57 by Paul E. Gerdemann of St. Joe Minerals 

Company and released to the USGS for the purpose of this 

project. Mapping responsibility and resolutions of the 

various problems are shown in the text accompanying the 

maps as they were finally released (Satterfield and others, 

1982; Pratt, Middendorf, and Satterfield, 1984; Pratt and 

others, 1985). For the resource appraisal, a composite map 

of geologic structures of the quadrangle (Pratt, 1982) was 

used in lieu of a final geologic map. 

At the outset of the project, Kenneth H. Anderson of 

the MGS suggested that the State survey provide a muchneeded third dimension to the geology by compiling a series 

of isopach and lithic-ratio maps of the Cambrian units, using 

data from their extensive library of drill logs. The suggestion was adopted, and a series of maps was prepared 

showing thicknesses of each of the Cambrian units, structure on two horizons, and ratios of limestone to dolomite, 

sandstone to shale, and (silicic) clastic rocks to carbonate 

rocks for selected formations (fig. 4) (Anderson, 1979, 

1983; Thacker and Anderson, 1979a-g). These characterizations of the carbonate section were supplemented by 

an interpretive map of depositional facies of the Bonneterre 

Formation, purchased by the USGS from a geologic 

consultant (Kisvarsanyi, 1982). Also part of the subsurface 

information was a map showing structure on the buried 

Precambrian surface (Kisvarsanyi, 1979 a, b). All but one of 

these subsurface maps were arbitrarily extended a few miles 

north and south beyond the quadrangle boundaries to 

increase their usefulness because of the availability of data 

and the known geologic and economic interest in these areas 

peripheral to the Southeast Missouri district. 

Geochemistry.-Traditional stream-sediment surface 

geochemical studies were not expected to be useful for 

4 Information To Accompany Folio of Maps of the Rolla Quadrangle, Missouri 
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Figure 4. Stratigraphy of Cambrian sedimentary rocks in 

Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle showing intervals selected for isopach 

and lithofacies maps. 

detection of metal anomalies from deeply buried mineral 

deposits because of the extreme dilution of potential geochemical haloes in the intense surface- and ground-water 

regime of southern Missouri. (This assumption was later 

borne out by studies of stream sediments and stream waters 

done for the project, as reported by Proctor and others, 

1982.) Therefore, geochemical studies in the quadrangle 

were directed first toward determining trace-element signatures of the regional stratigraphic units (including the 

Precambrian) by using spectrographic and chemical 

analyses of rock and insoluble-residue samples from 60 

regionally spaced drill holes. Determination of regional 

trace-element background values for each unit provided a 

frame of reference for evaluation of local metal anomalies 

and their significance in terms of potential mineralization. 

Samples used for these analytical studies were taken from 

the MGS sample library. Virtually all of the analyses, 

involving about 11,000 individual samples, were made in a 

USGS mobile spectrographic laboratory that was moved to 

MGS headquarters at Rolla for this purpose. Results of the 

subsurface geochemical studies were published as three 

maps (Erickson and others, 1978, 1979; Odland and others, 

1982). The analytical data were released in a series of 

open-file reports; these reports are listed at the end of this 

circular. 

Geophysics.-Aeromagnetic maps covering most of 

the eastern half of the Rolla quadrangle at 1 :62,500 scale 

had been published in the 1960's. These were combined 

graphically into an aeromagnetic form-line map at 

1:250,000 scale (U.S. Geological Survey, 1978), and a 

contract was let for an aeromagnetic survey of the western 

half of the quadrangle (U.S. Geological Survey, 1979) . 

Meanwhile, a preliminary simple Bouguer gravity map of 

the quadrangle was compiled from existing data (Cordell 

and Williams, 1978), and an interpretation was published of 

gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies over basement structure in the eastern part of the quadrangle (Cordell, 1979). A 

Bouguer gravity map (Hildenbrand and others, 1979) incorporated additional data but did not substantially change the 

major gravimetric patterns of the quadrangle. Eventually, 

the newly acquired aeromagnetic data for the western half 

of the quadrangle were merged with digitized data from the 

eastern half to produce a single aeromagnetic map of the 

entire quadrangle at 1 :250,000 scale (L. Cordell, unpublished data). 

Resource appraisal.-By August 1980, the essential 

elements of the geologic data base were in hand, and most 

of the Rolla CUSMAP team convened in Denver to 

formally appraise the mineral-resource potential. Previous 

USGS mineral-resource assessments of quadrangle-size 

areas had focused on geologic terranes in mountain areas, 

principally in Alaska, for which geology and ore-deposit 

models are significantly different from those of southeast 

Missouri; there were no clear guidelines for mineralresource appraisal in platform areas where the principal 

targets are deeply buried in the subsurface. Fortunately for 

this project, the USGS, in December 1979, had hosted a 

workshop on regional resource appraisals (Shawe, 1981). 

As a part of that workshop, two groups of geoscientists from 

government, industry, and academia worked independently 

to design a methodology for appraising the resource potential of a 1 °X2° quadrangle representative of the Midcontinent geologic province. The area selected was the Poplar 

Bluff quadrangle, Missouri-Arkansas, which adjoins the 

Rolla quadrangle on the south. For the purposes of the Rolla 

project, the timing could hardly have been better, nor could 

the cast of characters, which included three members of the 

Rolla team as active participants. Not surprisingly, the 

method used for the Rolla appraisal was similar to the 

workshop method in many respects, and we acknowledge 

here the indirect contributions of the other members of those 

two working groups to the Rolla appraisal. 

Brief History of Project Operations 5 
40 MILES . 

Figure 5. Areas of very high potential for Mississippi Valley-type deposits (A, B, C) and for high-grade iron ore (D, E, F) 

in the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle. Dashed lines enclose areas of base-metal mining districts. 

At the outset, the Rolla team agreed on the following 

six-step methodology for the resource assessment. 

1. Compilation of mineral-occurrence, geologic, 

geophysical, subsurface lithofacies and structure, and subsurface trace-element geochemical maps of the quadrangle 

to define the known and inferred geologic terranes. 

2. Determination of the types of mineral deposits 

that could reasonably be expected to be present in these 

terranes on the basis of worldwide associations of mineral 

deposits and favorable geologic environments. 

3. Development of descriptive models of these 

types of deposits. 

4. From each model, selection of distinctive "recognition criteria" for the occurrence or nonoccurrence of that 

type of deposit. 

5. Systematic examination of all data from step 1 

for the existence or absence of the recognition criteria. 

6. Evaluation of the areal distribution and relative 

importance of the recognition criteria to assess the favorability for the occurrence of each mineral-deposit type. 

Two days of spirited discussion resulted in rough 

drafts of the appraisals for the two most important deposit 

types- Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc-silver-coppernickel-cobalt deposits in the Bonneterre Formation and 

Kiruna-type iron-ore deposits in the Precambrian rocksand laid the groundwork for appraisals of other deposit 

types, which were completed in the succeeding weeks by 

individual members of the team. A comprehensive report on 

the mineral-resource appraisal was released to coincide with 

a public "show and tell" meeting held in Rolla on May 20, 

1981 (Pratt, 1981 ). Summaries of various lengths and 

depths were presented at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America (Pratt and others, 1981) and as 

two USGS publications, one nontechnical (Pratt, 1983) and 

the other technical but much condensed (Pratt, Erickson, 

Kisvarsanyi, and Wharton, 1984). We summarize here the 

principal conclusions of the appraisal; note that the 

appraisal bears the date of September 1980; thus it is based 

only on information available at that time and does not 

include any subsequent "second thoughts." 

Mississippi Valley- type lead-zinc-silver-copper 

deposits.-Three specific areas in the quadrangle contain 

such favorable combinations of the recognition criteria for 

this type of deposit that we believe the probability is very 

high that each area contains at least one major deposit, at 

unknown depths of from 600 to 2,000 ft; these areas are in 

Washington County north of county highway C (fig. 5, area 

A), southeast from about 8 mi west of Ellington to the 

southern boundary of the quadrangle (area B), and southwest from Marquand to beyond Greenville (area C). 

6 Information To Accompany Folio of Maps of the Rolla Quadrangle, Missouri 
Kiruna-type iron ore deposits.-Three areas in the 

quadrangle are believed to have a very high potential for 

large- to moderate-sized underground deposits of highgrade iron ores of this type in Precambrian rocks; these 

areas are northeast of Lake Spring (fig. 5, area D), between 

Potosi and Belgrade (area E), and northeast of Bonne Terre 

(area F). 

Barite deposits.-A large area in the north-central 

part of the quadrangle has a high potential for small barite 

deposits in the clayey subsoil near the surface, which though 

individually small could be cumulatively large (fig. 6, area 

A). 

Tin-tungsten vein deposits.-An irregular area 

extending north and west from Fredericktown has a high 

potential for small vein deposits of tin and tungsten near the 

surface (fig. 6, area B). 

Uranium deposits.-Much of the quadrangle may 

have a high potential for uranium deposits in granitic rocks 

at depths of 1 ,000 ft or more beneath the surface. 

Rare-earth-element mineral deposits and thorium.-

Three areas in the quadrangle contain occurrences of 

kimberlitic rocks (fig. 6, areas C, D, and E) and may have 

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,...../ J 

-'---/ 

a potential for deeply buried veins of rare-earth-element 

minerals and thorium, as well as diamonds, but the 

information on these areas is too scanty for us to infer the 

significance of this potential. 

After completion of the Rolla study, staff members of 

the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data 

Center at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, suggested a collaborative effort to use the Rolla data base and resource 

appraisal as a pilot test for a computerized digital synthesis. 

The resulting study "fine tuned" the original appraisal of 

resource potential for Mississippi Valley-type deposits and 

demonstrated the utility of the digital synthesis, at least for 

models dependent on pattern recognition involving several 

different types of data (Pratt and others, 1983; Walker and 

others, 1983). 

An appraisal of industrial mineral resources of the 

quadrangle by the MGS, delayed for several years pending 

completion of the final Rolla 1 :250,000-scale geologic map 

by the USGS, was published in 1987 (Rueff, 1987). 

Manpower and cost.-Project-level operations of the 

Rolla CUSMAP project involved approximately 14.5 

professional man-years of USGS time and approximately 

37°~--------------------------~----------------~----------------~~----------------~ 

40 MILES 

Figure 6. Areas of high potential for small barite deposits (A) and tin-tungsten veins (B) and areas that may have potential 

for veins of rare-earth-element minerals and thorium (C, D, E) in the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle. Dashed lines enclose areas of 

base-metal mining districts. 

Brief History of Project Operations 7 
3.6 man-years of MGS time during the period of formal 

funding, 1975-1980, and about 2 man-years after 1980 for 

preparation of reports. Directly involved in this work for 

various periods of time were 14 geoscientists of the USGS 

and 8 of the MGS. Direct costs to the USGS, not including 

administrative, overhead and publication expenses, totaled 

about $675,000. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Direct results of the project were published principally through the Rolla CUSMAP folio and as several 

open-file reports and journal articles. The folio is not a 

single physical entity but rather a set of maps published 

individually, all covering the Rolla quadrangle and almost 

all bearing sequential numbers in the USGS Miscellaneous 

Field Studies Map (MF) series. 

MF-1000-A, B. Bedrock geology. Pratt (1982), Pratt 

and others (1985). 

MF-1001-A, B. Structure on top of Precambrian. 

Kisvarsanyi (1979a, b). 

MF-1 002-A-J. Subsurface isopachs and lithofacies. 

Anderson (1979, 1983), Thacker and Anderson 

(1979a-g), Kisvarsanyi (1982). 

MF-1 004--A-C. Geochemical maps. Erickson and 

others (1978, 1979), Odland and others (1982). 

MF-1005-A-C. Mineral resources. Miller (1982), 

Pratt and others (1984), Rueff (1987). 

Six additional reports were released in other series but 

should be considered integral parts of the Rolla folio: a 

geologic map of exposed Precambrian rocks (Pratt and 

others, 1979); a full-color version of the geologic map of the 

quadrangle (Pratt and others, in press); an aeromagnetic 

map of part of the area (U.S. Geological Survey, 1979); a 

Bouguer gravity map (Hildenbrand and others, 1979); a 

report on the metallic mineral-resource potential (Pmtt, 

1981); and a nontechnical summary of the mineral-resource 

appraisal (Pratt, 1983 ). 

Finally, a comprehensive "case history" of the Rolla 

project, including discussions of the geology, geochemistry, 

geophysics, and mineral resources, is currently in preparation for proposed publication as a USGS Professional 

Paper. 

Other open-file reports, abstracts, journal articles, and 

MGS publications include interim reports, topical reports, 

and spectrographic and chemical analytical data from the 

thousands of drill-hole and outcrop samples that were 

analyzed. The following list contains most of the formal and 

open-file reports that resulted directly or indirectly from the 

Rolla project. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Anderson, K.H., I979, Preliminary structure contour maps on top 

of the Cambrian Bonneterre Formation and on top of Upper 

Cambrian strata, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. 

Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 

MF-1002-H, scale 1:250,000. 

___ I983, Isopach and selected lithofacies map of the 

Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1 002-J, scale 1 :250,000. 

Anderson, R.E., 1962, Igneous petrology of the Taum Sauk area, 

Missouri: St. Louis, Missouri, Washington University, 

Ph.D. thesis, 100 p. 

___ 1970, Ash-flow tuffs of Precambrian age in southeast 

Missouri (Contribution to Precambrian Geology 2): Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources Report of 

Investigations 46, 50 p. 

Brown, V.M., 1988, Geologic map of exposed Precambrian rocks, 

Des Arc NE quadrangle, Iron and Madison Counties, 

southeast Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Field Studies Map MF-2032, scale 1:24,000. 

Cordell, Lindrith, 1979, Gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies over 

basement structure in the Rolla quadrangle and the 

Southeast Missouri Lead District: Economic Geology, 

v. 74, no. 6, p. 1383-1394. 

Cordell, Lindrith, and Williams, J.M., 1978, Simple Bouguer 

gravity anomaly map, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-0806, scale 

1:250,000. 

Erickson, R.L., Mosier, E.L., and Viets, J.G., I978, Generalized 

geologic and summary geochemical maps of the Rolla 

I 0 X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1 004-A, scale 

I:250,000. 

Erickson, R.L., Mosier, E.L., Viets, J.G., and King, S.C., 1979, 

Generalized geologic and summary geochemical maps of 

the Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Field Studies Map MF-1004-B, scale 1:500,000. 

Hildenbrand, T.G., Kucks, R.P., Cordell, L.E., and Kane, M.F., 

1979, Simple Bouguer gravity map of the Rolla 1 °X2° 

quadrangle, Missouri-Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79-1192, scale I :250,000. 

Howe, W.B., 1968, Planar stromatolite and burrowed carbonate 

mud facies in Cambrian strata of the St. Francois Mountain 

area: Missouri Division of Geological Survey and Water 

Resources Report of Investigations 41 , 113 p. 

Kisvarsanyi, E.B., 1979a, Structure contour map of buried Precambrian basement-rock surface, eastern part of the RoUa 

1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1001-A, scale 

1:125,000. 

___ 1979b, Structure contour map of buried Precambrian 

basement-rock surface, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle and adjacent areas, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous 

Field Studies Map MF-1001-B, scale 1:250,000. 

Kisvarsanyi, Geza, 1982, Regional depositional facies of the 

Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, Rolla 1 o X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1 002-I, scale I :250,000. 

8 Information To Accompany Folio of Maps of the Rolla Quadrangle, Missouri 
Knepper, D.H., Jr., 1979, Linear feature data derived from Landsat 

images of southeastern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79-992, 45 p., 14 plates. 

Kurtz, V.E., 1960, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Elvins 

formation, southeast Missouri: Norman, University of 

Oklahoma, Ph.D. thesis, 195 p. 

Miller, M.H., 1982, Mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic 

minerals in the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. 

Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 

MF-1005-B, scale 1:250,000. 

Odland, S.K., and Millard, H.T., Jr., 1979, Uranium and thorium 

content of some sedimentary and igneous rocks from the 

Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79-1080, 17 p. . 

Odland, S.K., Mosier, E.L., and Erickson, M.S., 1982, Barium 

content in drill holes in the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1 004-C, scale 1 :250,000. 

Pratt, W.P., ed., 1981, Metallic mineral-resource potential of the 

Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri, as appraised in 

September 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

81-518, 77 p. 

Pratt, W.P., 1982, Map showing geologic structures in the Rolla 

1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1000-A, scale 

1:250,000. 

___ 1983, Mineral-resource appraisal of the Rolla 1 °X2° 

quadrangle, Missouri, as of September 1980-A nontechnical summary: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 869, 

5 p. 

Pratt, W.P., Anderson, R.E., Berry, A.W., Jr., Bickford, M.E., 

Kisvarsanyi, E.B., and Sides, J.R., 1979, Geologic map of 

exposed Precambrian rocks, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic 

Investigations Map I-1161, scale 1:125,000. 

Pratt, W.P., Erickson, R.L., and Kisvarsanyi, E.B., 1981, 

Methodology for mineral-resource appraisal, Rolla 2° 

quadrangle, Missouri: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, no. 7, p. 532. 

Pratt, W.P., Erickson, R.L., Kisvarsanyi, E.B., and Wharton, H.M., 

1984, Maps showing areas of significant metallic mineralresource potential in the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri, 

as appraised in September 1980: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1 005-A, scale 

1:250,000. 

Pratt, W.P., Middendorf, M.A., and Satterfield, I.R., 1984, 

Preliminary geologic map--East half of the Rolla 1 °X2° 

quadrangle, Missouri: Missouri Geological Survey OpenFile Map OFM 84-219-GI, scale 1:125,000. 

Pratt, W.P., Odland, S.K., Hubert, A.E., Siems, D.F., and Viets, 

J.G., 1980, Spectrographic and chemical analyses of 

exposed Precambrian rocks, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-25, 

26 p. 

Pratt, W.P., Satterfield, I.R., Middendorf, M.A., and Gerdemann, 

P.E., 1985, Geologic map of the Rolla 1°X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1 000-B, scale 1:250,000. 

___ in press, Geologic map of the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic 

Investigations Map I-1998, scale 1:250,000. 

Pratt, W.P., Walker, K.M., Jenson, S.K., Francica, J.R., Hastings, 

D.A., and Trautwein, C.M., 1983, Mineral-resource 

appraisal of the Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri-Manual 

vs. digital (computer-assisted) synthesis: International 

Conference on Mississippi Valley-Type Lead-Zinc 

Deposits, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1982, Proceedings, 

p. 584-595. 

Proctor, P.D., Sinha, B., Afzali, B., Vanhorst, T., and Odland, 

S.K., 1982, Heavy-metal content of stream sediments and 

stream waters, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-388, scale 

1:500,000. 

Rueff, A.W., 1987, Industrial mineral resources of the Rolla 1 °X2° 

quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1 005-C, scale 1:250,000. 

Satterfield, I.R., Middendorf, M.A., Gerdemann, P.E., and Pratt, 

W.P., 1982, Preliminary geologic map, west half of Rolla 

1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 82-61, scale 1:125,000. 

Shawe, D.R. compiler, 1981, U.S. Geological Survey Workshop 

on nonfuel mineral-resource appraisal of wilderness and 

CUSMAP areas: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 845, 18 p. 

Thacker, J.L., and Anderson, K.H., 1979a, Preliminary isopach 

maps of the Cambrian Lamotte Sandstone and Cambrian 

Bonneterre Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: 

U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 

MF-1 002-A, scale 1 :250,000. 

___ 1979b, Preliminary maps of the sand/shale ratio in the 

Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1002-B, scale 1:250,000. 

___ 1979c, Preliminary carbonate lithofacies maps of the 

Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1002-C, scale 1:250,000. 

___ 1979d, Preliminary isopach and sand/shale ratio maps of 

the Cambrian Davis Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1002-D, scale 1:250,000. 

___ 1979e, Preliminary carbonate lithofacies maps of the 

Cambrian Davis Formation, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field 

Studies Map MF-1 002-E, scale 1 :250,000. 

___ 1979f, Preliminary isopach maps of the Cambrian DerbyDoerun Dolomite and the Cambrian Elvins Group, Rolla 

1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1002-F, scale 

1:250,000. 

___ 1979g, Preliminary isopach maps of the Cambrian Potosi 

Dolomite and the Cambrian Eminence Dolomite, Rolla 

1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1 002-G, scale 

1:250,000. 

References Cited 9 
Tolman, C.F., and Robertson, Forbes, 1969, Exposed Precambrian 

rocks in southeast Missouri (Contribution to Precambrian 

Geology 1): Missouri Geological Survey and Water 

Resources Report of Investigations 44, 68 p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Aeromagnetic form-line contour 

map of the east part of the Rolla, Missouri, 1 °X2° 

quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

78-330, scale 1 :250,000. 

__ 1979, Aeromagnetic map of the Rolla, Missouri, area 

[west half of Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 79-966, scale 1:250,000. 

Walker, K.M., Jenson, S.K., Francica, J.R., Hastings, D.A., Trautwein, C.M., and Pratt, W.P., 1983, Slides showing quantitative models for mineral-resource assessment of the Rolla 

1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 83-0387, 3 p., 19 color slides. 

The following USGS open-file reports contain spectrographic and chemical analytical data on whole-rock and insolubleresidue samples from 60 regionally spaced drill holes in the Rolla 

quadrangle, done for the study of trace-element signatures of the 

regional stratigraphic units. Drill-hole numbers are those used on 

maps MF-1 004--A and MF-1 004--B (Erickson and others, 1978, 

1979). The references are abbreviated to avoid repetition. 

Mosier, E.L., Viets, J.G., and McDanal, S.K., 1978, Spectrographic and chemical analyses of whole-rock and insolubleresidue samples, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, Missouri: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Reports as follows: 

78-470-A 

78-470-B 

78-470-C 

78-470-D 

78-470-E 

78-470-F 

78-470-G 

78-470-H 

78-470-1 

78-470-J 

78-470-K 

78-470-L 

Drill-hole no. 4, 24 p. 

Drill hole no. 6, 20 p. 

Drill-hole no. 1, 34 p. 

Drill-hole no. 2, 22 p. 

Drill-hole no. 9, 18 p. 

Drill-hole no. 12, 18 p. 

Drill-hole no. 3, 18 p. 

Drill-hole no. 5, 24 p. 

Drill-hole no. 7, 20 p. 

Drill-hole no. 8, 26 p. 

Drill-hole no. 10, 22 p. 

Drill-hole no. 11, 30 p. 

78-470-M Drill-hole no. 13, 18 p. 

78-470-N Drill-holes nos. 14 and 15, 21 p. 

78-470-0 Drill-hole no. 16, 20 p. 

78-470-P Drill-hole no. 17, 29 p. 

78-470--Q Drill-holes nos. 18-20, 19 p. 

78-470-R Drill-holes nos. 23 and 24, 23 p. 

78-470-S Drill-hole no. 25, 16 p. 

Viets, J.G., Mosier, E.L., Erickson, M.S., and McDanal, S.K., 

1979, Spectrographic and chemical analyses of whole-rock 

and insoluble-residue samples, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports as 

follows: 

79-364--A 

79-364--B 

79-364--C 

79-364--D 

79-364--E 

79-364--F 

79-364--G 

79-364--H 

79-364--1 

79-364--J 

79-364--K 

79-364--L 

79-364--M 

79-1558 

79-1559 

Drill-holes nos. 28 and 29, 23 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 30 and 31, 21 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 32 and 33, 23 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 34 and 35, 27 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 36-38, 23 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 39 and 40, 19 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 41 and 42, 15 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 43 and 44, 23 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 45 and 46, 23 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 48 and 49, 31 p. 

Drill-hole no. 21, 25 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 50 and 51, 25 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 52 and 54, 27 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 55 and 56, 25 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 57-60, 24 p. 

Viets, J.G., Mosier, E.L., Erickson, M.S., and McDanal, S.K., 

1980, Spectrographic and chemical analyses of whole-rock 

and insoluble-residue samples, Rolla 1 °X2° quadrangle, 

Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports as 

follows: 

80-394 

80-395 

80-396 

80-397 

80-701 

80-702 

Drill-hole no. 61, 19 p. 

Drill-hole no. 62, 25 p. 

Drill-hole no. 63, 25 p. 

Drill-hole no. 64, 21 p. 

Drill-hole no. 22, 29 p. 

Drill-holes nos. 26 and 27, 17 p. 

10 Information To Accompany Folio of Maps of the Rolla Quadrangle, Missouri *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991-573-049/26045 


SELECTED SERIES OF U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLICATIONS 

Periodicals 

Earthquakes & Volcanoes (issued bimonthly). 

Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (issued monthly). 

Technical Books and Repons 

Professional Papers are mainly comprehensive scientific reports of 

wide and lasting interest and importance to professional scientists and engineers. Included are reports on the results of resource studies and of 

topographic, hydrologic, and geologic investigations. They also include 

collections of related papers addressing different aspects of a single scientific topic. 

Bulletins contain significant data and interpretations that are of lasting scientific interest but are generally more limited in scope or 

geographic coverage than Professional Papers. They include the results 

of resource studies and of geologic and topographic investigations; as well 

as collections of short papers related to a specific topic. 

Water-Supply Papers are comprehensive reports that present significant interpretive results of hydrologic investigations of wide interest 

to professional geologists, hydrologists, and engineers. The series covers 

investigations in all phases of hydrology, including hydrogeology, 

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Ch'culars present administrative information or important scientific 

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at no cost to the public. Information is usually of short-term interest. 

Water-Resources Investigations Reports are papers of an inteipretive nature made available to the public outside the formal USGS publications series. Copies are reproduced on request unlike formal USGS 

publications, and they are also available for public inspection at 

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and other material that are made available for public consultation at 

depositories. They are a nonpennanent form of publication that may be 

cited in other publications as sources of information. 

Maps 

Geologic Quadrangle Maps are multicolor geologic maps on 

topographic bases in 7 1/2-or 15-minute quadrangle formats (scales mainly 1 :24,000 or 1 :62,500) showing bedrock, surficial, or engineering geology. Maps generally include brief texts; some maps include structure 

and columnar sections only. 

Geophysical Investigations Maps are on topographic or planimetric 

bases at various scales; they show results of surveys using geophysical 

teclmiques, such as gravity, magnetic, seismic, or radioactivity, which 

reflect subsurface structures that are of economic or geologic significance. 

Many maps include correlations with the geology. 

Miscellaneot.W Investigations Series Maps are on planimetric or 

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present a wide variety of format and subject matter. The series also includes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle photogeologic maps on planimetric bases 

which show geology as interpreted from aerial photographs. Series also 

includes maps of Mars and the Moon. 

Coal Investigations Maps are geologic maps on topographic or 

planimetric bases at various scales showing bedrock or surficial geology, stratigraphy, and structural relations in certain. coal-r~~urce ar~. 

Oil and Gas Investigations Charts show stratigraphic informauon 

for certain oil and gas fields and other areas having petroleum potential. 

Miscellaneous Field Studies Maps are multicolor or black-andwhite maps on topographic or planimetric bases on quadrangle or irregular areas at various scales. Pre-1971 maps show bedrock geology 

in relation to specific mining or mineral-deposit problems; post-1971 

maps are primarily black-and-white maps on various subjects such as 

environmental studies or wilderness mineral investigations. 

Hydrologic Investigations Atlases are multicolored or black-andwhite maps on topographic or planimetric bases presenting a wide range 

of geohydrologic data of both regular and irregular areas; principal scale 

is 1:24,000 and regional studies are at 1:250,000 scale or smaller. 

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and publications. 
t"ratt-INI-Ut<MAIIUN IU ALLUMPANY FOLIO OF MAPS OF THE ROLLA QUADRANGLE, MISSOURI- U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1068