III 

Calendar No. 242 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 203 

Calling on the Government of the People’s Republic of China to use its 

unique influence and economic leverage to stop genocide and violence 

in Darfur, Sudan. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 16, 2007 

Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. BROWNBACK, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. CASEY, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mrs. DOLE, Ms. 

COLLINS, Mr. DODD, Mr. BURR, Mr. HAGEL, Mr. NELSON of Florida, 

Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. WYDEN, Mrs. CLINTON, Mr. 

BROWN, Mr. CHAMBLISS, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. DORGAN, and Mr. CARDIN) 

submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee 

on Foreign Relations 

JUNE 28, 2007 

Reported by Mr. BIDEN, with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 

[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

[Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic] 

RESOLUTION 

Calling on the Government of the People’s Republic of China 

to use its unique influence and economic leverage to 

stop genocide and violence in Darfur, Sudan. 

Whereas since the conflict in Darfur, Sudan began in 2003, 

hundreds of thousands of people have been killed and 


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2 

•SRES 203 RS 

more than 2,500,000 displaced as a result of the ongoing 

and escalating violence; 

Whereas on July 23, 2004, Congress declared, ‘‘the atrocities 

unfolding in Darfur, Sudan, are genocide’’ and on September 23, 2004, then Secretary of State Colin Powell 

stated before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 

Senate that, ‘‘genocide has occurred and may still be occurring in Darfur,’’ and ‘‘the Government of Sudan and 

the Janjaweed bear responsibility’’; 

Whereas on October 13, 2006, the President signed the 

Darfur Peace and Accountability Act (Public Law 109– 

344), which identifies the Government of Sudan as 

complicit with the forces committing genocide in the 

Darfur region and urges the President to, ‘‘take all necessary and appropriate steps to deny the Government of 

Sudan access to oil revenues’’; 

Whereas President George W. Bush declared in a speech delivered on April 18, 2007, at the United States Holocaust 

Memorial Museum that no one ‘‘can doubt that genocide 

is the only word for what is happening in Darfur—and 

that we have a moral obligation to stop it’’; 

Whereas the presence of approximately 7,000 African Union 

peacekeepers has not deterred the violence and the increasing attacks by the Government-sponsored Janjaweed 

militia and rebel groups. 

Whereas the Government of Sudan continues to refuse to 

allow implementation of the full-scale peacekeeping mission authorized under United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1706; 

Whereas former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi 

Annan subsequently negotiated a compromise agreement 


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•SRES 203 RS 

with the Government of Sudan for a hybrid United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission to be implemented in three phases; 

Whereas the Government of the People’s Republic of China 

has long-standing economic and military ties with Sudan 

and continues to strengthen these ties in spite of the ongoing genocide in Darfur, as evidenced by the following 

actions: 

(1) China reportedly purchases as much as 70 percent of Sudan’s oil; 

(2) China currently has at least $3,000,000,000 invested in the Sudanese energy sector, for a total of 

$10,000,000,000 since the 1990s; 

(3) Sudan’s Joint Chief of Staff, Haj Ahmed El 

Gaili, recently visited Beijing for discussions with Chinese 

Defense Minister Cao Gang Chuan and other military officials as part of an eight-day tour of China; Cao pledged 

closer military relations with Sudan, saying that China 

was ‘‘willing to further develop cooperation between the 

two militaries in every sphere’’; 

(4) China has reportedly cancelled approximately 

$100 million in debt owed by the Sudanese Government; 

and 

(5) China is building infrastructure in Sudan and 

provided funds for a presidential palace in Sudan at a reported cost of approximately $20,000,000; 

Whereas given its economic interests throughout the region, 

China has a unique ability to positively influence the Government of Sudan to abandon its genocidal policies and 

to accept United Nations peacekeepers to join a hybrid 

United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission; 


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•SRES 203 RS 

Whereas the President’s Special Envoy to Sudan, Andrew S. 

Natsios, further said in testimony on April 11, 2007, that 

‘‘China’s substantial economic investment in Sudan gives 

it considerable potential leverage, and we have made clear 

to Beijing that the international community will expect 

China to be part of the solution’’; 

Whereas the Government of the People’s Republic of China 

has previously influenced the Government of Sudan to 

take steps toward reducing violence and conflict by— 

(1) abstaining from, and choosing not to obstruct, 

several important votes in the United Nations Security 

Council on resolutions related to Sudan, including Resolution 1556, which demanded Sudan disarm militias in 

Darfur, and Resolution 1706, which called for the deployment of additional United Nations peacekeepers, including up to 17,300 military personnel and up to 3,300 civilian police; 

(2) helping to facilitate the Addis Ababa framework 

reached on November 16, 2006, which provides for a 

joint United Nations-African Union peacekeeping force; 

(3) sending high-level delegations, including Chinese 

President Hu Jintao, to Sudan, and encouraging President Bashir to show flexibility and allow the joint United 

Nations-African Union peacekeeping force to be deployed; 

(4) making frequent public statements that the Government of Sudan must carry out agreements made within the Addis Ababa framework of November 2006 to 

admit United Nations peacekeepers to join the United 

Nations-African Union peacekeeping force in Darfur; 

(5) pledging to provide military engineers to support 

African Union peacekeeping forces in Darfur; and 

(6) announcing on May 10, 2007, the appointment 

of a senior diplomat as China’s special representative on 


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•SRES 203 RS 

African affairs who is to focus specific attention on the 

Darfur issue. 

Whereas due to its vast population, its rapidly growing global 

economy, its large research and development investments 

and military spending, its seat as a permanent member 

of the United Nations Security Council and on the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation, China is an emerging 

power that is increasingly perceived as a leader with significant international reach and responsibility; 

Whereas in November 2006, China hosted its third Forum on 

China-Africa Cooperation with more than 40 heads of 

state in attendance and which focused heavily on trade 

relations and investment on the African continent as it 

is expected to double by 2010; 

Whereas China is preparing to host the Olympic Summer 

Games of 2008, the most honorable, venerated, and prestigious international sporting event; 

Whereas China should be held accountable to act consistently 

with the Olympic standard of preserving human dignity 

in Darfur, Sudan and around the world; and 

Whereas China has been reluctant to use its full influence to 

improve the human rights situation in Darfur: Now, 

therefore, be it 

Whereas since the conflict in Darfur, Sudan began in 2003, 

hundreds of thousands of people have been killed and more 

than 2,500,000 displaced as a result of the ongoing and escalating violence; 

Whereas on July 23, 2004, Congress declared, ‘‘the atrocities 

unfolding in Darfur, Sudan, are genocide’’ and on September 23, 2004, then Secretary of State Colin Powell stated before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 


hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMBILLS
6 

•SRES 203 RS 

that, ‘‘genocide has occurred and may still be occurring in 

Darfur,’’ and ‘‘the Government of Sudan and the 

Janjaweed bear responsibility’’; 

Whereas on October 13, 2006, the President signed the Darfur 

Peace and Accountability Act (Public Law 109–344), 

which identifies the Government of Sudan as complicit 

with the forces committing genocide in the Darfur region 

and urges the President to, ‘‘take all necessary and appropriate steps to deny the Government of Sudan access to oil 

revenues’’; 

Whereas President George W. Bush declared in a speech delivered on April 18, 2007, at the United States Holocaust 

Memorial Museum that no one ‘‘can doubt that genocide 

is the only word for what is happening in Darfur—and 

that we have a moral obligation to stop it’’; 

Whereas the presence of approximately 7,000 African Union 

peacekeepers has not deterred the violence and the increasing attacks by the Government-sponsored Janjaweed militia and rebel groups; 

Whereas the Government of Sudan has previously refused to 

allow implementation of the full-scale peacekeeping mission authorized under United Nations Security Council 

Resolution 1706; 

Whereas former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan 

subsequently negotiated a compromise agreement with the 

Government of Sudan for a hybrid United Nations-African 

Union peacekeeping mission to be implemented in 3 

phases; 

Whereas the African Union and the United Nations have both 

affirmed that the Government of Sudan has now stated 


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•SRES 203 RS 

that it will accept implementation of a hybrid United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission; 

Whereas the Sudanese government has reneged on and obstructed earlier agreements; 

Whereas it is critical that the nations of the world, and particularly the members of the United Nations Security 

Council, take steps to implement the full deployment of 

this hybrid peacekeeping mission as soon as possible; 

Whereas the Government of the People’s Republic of China has 

long-standing economic and military ties with Sudan and 

continues to strengthen these ties in spite of the on-going 

genocide in Darfur, as evidenced by the following actions: 

(1) China reportedly purchases as much as 70 percent 

of Sudan’s oil; 

(2) China currently has at least $3,000,000,000 invested in the Sudanese energy sector, for a total of 

$10,000,000,000 since the 1990s; 

(3) Sudan’s Joint Chief of Staff, Haj Ahmed El 

Gaili, recently visited Beijing for discussions with Chinese 

Defense Minister Cao Gang Chuan and other military officials as part of an eight-day tour of China; Cao pledged 

closer military relations with Sudan, saying that China 

was ‘‘willing to further develop cooperation between the 

two militaries in every sphere’’; 

(4) China has reportedly cancelled approximately 

$100,000,000 in debt owed by the Sudanese Government; 

and 

(5) China is building infrastructure in Sudan and 

provided funds for a presidential palace in Sudan at a reported cost of approximately $20,000,000; 

Whereas given its economic interests throughout the region, 

China has a unique ability to positively influence the GovVerDate Aug 31 2005 03:59 Jun 29, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6300 E:\BILLS\SR203.RS SR203

hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMBILLS
8 

•SRES 203 RS 

ernment of Sudan to abandon its genocidal policies and to 

accept United Nations peacekeepers to join a hybrid 

United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission; 

Whereas the President’s Special Envoy to Sudan, Andrew S. 

Natsios, further said in testimony on April 11, 2007, that 

‘‘Chinas substantial economic investment in Sudan gives 

it considerable potential leverage, and we have made clear 

to Beijing that the international community will expect 

China to be part of the solution’’; 

Whereas the Government of the People’s Republic of China has 

previously influenced the Government of Sudan to take 

steps toward reducing violence and conflict by— 

(1) abstaining from, and choosing not to obstruct, several important votes in the United Nations Security Council on resolutions related to Sudan, including Resolution 

1556, which demanded Sudan disarm militias in Darfur, 

and Resolution 1706, which called for the deployment of 

additional United Nations peacekeepers, including up to 

17,300 military personnel and up to 3,300 civilian police; 

(2) helping to facilitate the Addis Ababa framework 

reached on November 16, 2006, which provides for a joint 

United Nations-African Union peacekeeping force; 

(3) sending high-level delegations, including Chinese 

President Hu Jintao, to Sudan, and encouraging President Bashir to show flexibility and allow the joint United 

Nations-African Union peacekeeping force to be deployed; 

(4) making frequent public statements that the Government of Sudan must carry out agreements made within 

the Addis Ababa framework of November 2006 to admit 

United Nations peacekeepers to join the United NationsAfrican Union peacekeeping force in Darfur; 


hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMBILLS
9 

•SRES 203 RS 

(5) pledging to provide military engineers to support 

African Union peacekeeping forces in Darfur; 

(6) announcing on May 10, 2007, the appointment of 

a senior diplomat as China’s special representative on African affairs who is to focus specific attention on the 

Darfur issue; and 

(7) reportedly exercising its influence to help convince 

the Khartoum government to accept the hybrid peacekeeping mission; 

Whereas due to its vast population, its rapidly growing global 

economy, its large research and development investments 

and military spending, its seat as a permanent member of 

the United Nations Security Council and on the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, China is an emerging power 

that is increasingly perceived as a leader with significant 

international reach and responsibility; 

Whereas in November 2006, China hosted its third Forum on 

China-Africa Cooperation with more than 40 heads of 

state in attendance and which focused heavily on trade relations and investment on the African continent as it is 

expected to double by 2010; 

Whereas China is preparing to host the Olympic Summer 

Games of 2008, the most honorable, venerated, and prestigious international sporting event; 

Whereas China should be held accountable to act consistently 

with the Olympic standard of preserving human dignity 

in Darfur, Sudan and around the world; and 

Whereas China has previously been reluctant to use its full influence to improve the human rights situation in Darfur, 

but recent events have demonstrated the impact that China 


hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMBILLS
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•SRES 203 RS 

can have as a positive influence on this situation: Now, 

therefore, be it 

1 Resolved, That the Senate— 

2 (1) recognizes the close relationship between 

3 China and Sudan and strongly urges the Govern4 ment of the People’s Republic of China to use its 

5 full influence to— 

6 (A) urge the President of Sudan, Omar al7 Bashir, to allow a robust peacekeeping force as 

8 described in United Nations Security Council 

9 Resolution 1706; 

10 (B) call for Sudanese compliance with 

11 United Nations Security Council Resolutions 

12 1556 and 1564, and the Darfur Peace Agree13 ment, all of which demand that the Government 

14 of Sudan disarm militias operating in Darfur; 

15 (C) call on all parties to the conflict to ad16 here to the 2004 N’Djamena ceasefire agree17 ment and the recently-agreed United Nations 

18 communiqu ́e which commits the Sudanese Gov19 ernment to improve conditions for humanitarian 

20 organizations and ensure they have unfettered 

21 access to the populations they serve; 

22 (D) emphasize that there can be no mili23 tary solution to the conflict in Darfur and that 

24 the formation and implementation of a legitiVerDate Aug 31 2005 03:59 Jun 29, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\SR203.RS SR203

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•SRES 203 RS 

1 mate peace agreement between all parties will 

2 contribute toward the welfare and stability of 

3 the entire nation and broader region; 

4 (E) urge all rebel groups to unify and as5 sist all parties to come to the negotiating table 

6 in good faith; 

7 (F) urge the Government of southern 

8 Sudan to play a more active role in pressing for 

9 legitimate peace talks and take immediate steps 

10 to support and assist in the revitalization of 

11 such talks along one single coordinated track; 

12 (G) engage collaboratively in high-level di13 plomacy and multilateral efforts toward a re14 newed peace process; and 

15 (H) join the international community in 

16 imposing economic and other consequences on 

17 the Government of Sudan if that Government 

18 continues to carry out or support attacks on in19 nocent civilians and frustrate diplomatic efforts; 

20 and 

21 (2) recognizes that the spirit of the Olympics, 

22 which is to bring together nations and people from 

23 all over the world in peace, is incompatible with any 

24 actions, directly or indirectly, supporting acts of 

25 genocide. 


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•SRES 203 RS 

1 That the Senate— 

2 (1) recognizes the close relationship between 

3 China and Sudan and strongly urges the Government 

4 of the People’s Republic of China to use its full influ5 ence to— 

6 (A) urge the President of Sudan, Omar al7 Bashir, to abide by his agreement to allow a ro8 bust peacekeeping force under United Nations 

9 command and control as described in United 

10 Nations Security Council Resolution 1706; 

11 (B) call for Sudanese compliance with 

12 United Nations Security Council Resolutions 

13 1556 and 1564, and the Darfur Peace Agree14 ment, all of which demand that the Government 

15 of Sudan disarm militias operating in Darfur; 

16 (C) call on all parties to the conflict to ad17 here to the 2004 N’Djamena ceasefire agreement 

18 and the recently-agreed United Nations commu19 nique which commits the Sudanese government 

20 to improve conditions for humanitarian organi21 zations and ensure they have unfettered access to 

22 the populations they serve; 

23 (D) emphasize that there can be no military 

24 solution to the conflict in Darfur and that the 

25 formation and implementation of a legitimate 


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•SRES 203 RS 

1 peace agreement between all parties will con2 tribute toward the welfare and stability of the 

3 entire nation and broader region; 

4 (E) urge all rebel groups to unify and assist 

5 all parties to come to the negotiating table in 

6 good faith; 

7 (F) urge the Government of southern Sudan 

8 to play a more active role in pressing for legiti9 mate peace talks and take immediate steps to 

10 support and assist in the revitalization of such 

11 talks along 1 single coordinated track; 

12 (G) continue to engage collaboratively in 

13 high-level diplomacy and multilateral efforts to14 ward a renewed peace process; and 

15 (H) join the international community in 

16 imposing economic and other consequences on the 

17 Government of Sudan if that government con18 tinues to carry out or support attacks on inno19 cent civilians and frustrate diplomatic efforts; 

20 and 

21 (2) recognizes that the spirit of the Olympics, 

22 which is to bring together nations and people from all 

23 over the world in peace, is incompatible with any ac24 tions, directly or indirectly, supporting acts of geno25 cide. 


hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMBILLS
Calendar No. 242 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. RES. 203 

RESOLUTION 

Calling on the Government of the People’s Republic 

Darfur, Sudan. nomic leverage to stop genocide and violence in of China to use its unique influence and ecoJUNE 28, 2007 

Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the 

preamble 


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