As Amended: December 27, 2000

State of California

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR

2004 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL

HEAVY-DUTY OTTO-CYCLE ENGINES

Adopted: December 27, 2000

Note: These are new test procedures that have been updated with a new format and a 2004 and

subsequent model-year applicability date. These test procedures also include amendments

to the California exhaust emission standards in Part I Section 10.B. Under the staff’s

proposal, the preexisting “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for

1987 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines” have been amended to be

applicable through the 2003 model year only.
As Amended: December 27, 2000

NOTE: This document is incorporated by reference in section 1956(d), title 13, California Code

of Regulations (“CCR”) and also incorporates by reference various sections of Title 40, Part 86 of

the Code of Federal Regulations, with some modifications. It contains the majority of the

requirements necessary for certification of heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines for sale in California, in

addition to containing the exhaust emissions standards and test procedures for these Otto-cycle

engines.1 The section numbering conventions for this document are set forth in subparagraph 4

on page 4. Reference is also made in this document to other California-specific requirements

which are necessary to complete an application for certification. These other documents are

designed to be used in conjunction with this document. They include:

1. “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1976, title 13,

CCR.

2. “California Motor Vehicle Emission Control and Smog Index Label

Specifications” (incorporated by reference in section 1965, title 13, CCR).

3. “California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles” (incorporated by reference in section 1978(b),

title 13, CCR).

4. Warranty requirements (sections 2035, et seq, title 13, CCR).

5. OBDII (section 1968.1, title 13, CCR).

 

1 The requirements for Otto-cycle engines used in complete vehicles are contained in the “California

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” incorporated by reference in §1961(d), title 13, CCR.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS 1

1. General Applicability. [§86.xxx-1] ...................................................................................1

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................1

B. California provisions.................................................................................2

2. Definitions. [§86.xxx-2]..................................................................................................3

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................3

B. California provisions.................................................................................3

3. Abbreviations. [§86.xxx-3] ..............................................................................................3

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................3

B. California provisions.................................................................................3

4. Section numbering; construction. .....................................................................................4

5. General Standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions. ............................................4

6. Hearings on certification. [§86.078-6] [n/a] ....................................................................4

7. Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.......................................4

8. Emission standards for light-duty vehicles. [§86.xxx-8] [n/a]...........................................4

9. Emission standards for light-duty trucks. [§86.xxx-9] [n/a] .............................................4

10. Emission standards for Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. [§86.xxx-10]............4

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................4

B. California provisions.................................................................................6

11. Emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles. [§86.xxx-11] [n/a]...........6

12. Alternative certification procedures..................................................................................6

13. Alternative durability program. [§86.xxx-13] [n/a]..........................................................6

14. Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures. [§86.xxx-14].................................6

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................6

15. NOx and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines. [§86.xxx15] [n/a] .........................................................................................................................7

16. Prohibition of defeat devices. ...........................................................................................7

17. Emission control diagnostic system for light-duty vehicles and trucks...............................7

18. [Reserved.]......................................................................................................................7

19. [Reserved.]......................................................................................................................7

20. Incomplete vehicles, classification....................................................................................7

21. Application for certification [§86.xxx-21] .......................................................................7

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................7

B. California provisions.................................................................................7

22. Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters

subject to adjustment for certifications and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of

limits, and physically adjustable ranges. [§86.xxx-22].......................................................7

A. Federal provisions....................................................................................7

23. Required data. [§86.xxx-23] ...........................................................................................8

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................8

B. California provisions.................................................................................8
As Amended: December 27, 2000 ii

24. Test vehicles and engines. ['86.001-24]..........................................................................8

25. Maintenance. [§86.004-25].............................................................................................8

26. Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements. [§86.004-26].......................8

27. Special test procedures. ...................................................................................................8

28. Compliance with emission standards. [§86.xxx-28] .........................................................8

A. Federal provisions.....................................................................................8

B. California provisions.................................................................................8

29. Testing by the Administrator............................................................................................9

30. Certification.....................................................................................................................9

31. Separate certification. ......................................................................................................9

32. Addition of a vehicle or engine after certification. ............................................................9

33. Changes to a vehicle or engine covered by certification. ...................................................9

34. Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes........................................9

35. Labeling...........................................................................................................................9

36. Submission of vehicle identification numbers. [§86.079-36][n/a] .....................................9

37. Production vehicles and engines.......................................................................................9

38. Maintenance instructions. [§86.xxx-38] ..........................................................................9

39. Submission of maintenance instructions............................................................................9

40. Heavy-duty engine rebuilding practices. [§86.xxx-40]....................................................9

PART II OTHER REQUIREMENTS; TEST PROCEDURES 11

Subpart N, Emission Regulations for New Otto-cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines; Gaseous

and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures........................................................................ 11

Subpart P - Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Otto-Cycle

Heavy-Duty Engines and New Gasoline-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled Otto-Cycle

Light-Duty Trucks; Idle Test Procedures....................................................................... 18

Appendix I - Urban Dynamometer Schedules. ........................................................................... 19

Appendix XII - Tables for Production Compliance Auditing of Heavy-Duty Engines and

Heavy-Duty Vehicles..................................................................................................... 19
As Amended: December 27, 2000 1

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST

PROCEDURES FOR 2004 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL

HEAVY-DUTY OTTO-CYCLE ENGINES

The following provisions of Subparts A, N, and P, Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal

Regulations (“CFR”), as adopted or amended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on

the date set forth next to the 40 CFR Part 86 section listed below, and only to the extent they

pertain to the testing and compliance of exhaust emissions from heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines,

are adopted and incorporated herein by this reference as the “California Exhaust Emission

Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle

Engines,” with the following exceptions and additions.

Part I. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS

Subpart A - General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year

New Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks and Heavy-Duty Engines, and for 1985 and

Later Model Year New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum GasFueled and Methanol-Fueled Heavy Duty Vehicles

1. General Applicability. [§86.xxx-1]

A. Federal provisions.

1. §86.001-1 . October 6, 2000.

1.1 Subparagraph (a). [No change.]

1.2 Delete subparagraph (b) and replace with the following: A manufacturer

must certify any complete heavy-duty vehicle of 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight

rating or less in accordance with the medium-duty vehicle provisions contained in the

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent

Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” incorporated

herein by reference. Heavy-duty engine or vehicle provisions of subpart A do not apply to

such a vehicle.

1.3 Subparagraph (c). [n/a (ADP for LDVs)]

1.4 Subparagraph (d). [n/a. (NLEVs)]

1.5 Amend subparagraph (e) as follows: Small volume manufacturers.

Special certification procedures are available for any manufacturer whose projected or

actual combined California sales of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty

vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines in its product line are fewer than

4,500 units based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous

consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification. For manufacturer

certifying for the first time in California, model-year production shall be based on

projected California sales. The small volume manufacturer’s heavy-duty engine

certification procedures are described in 40 CFR §86.092-14.

1.6 Subparagraph (f). [n/a; exhaust opacity refers to diesel engines.]

2. §86.005-1 October 6, 2000.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 2

2.1 Subparagraph (a). [No change.]

2.2 Delete subparagraph (b) and replace with the following: A manufacturer

must certify any complete heavy-duty vehicle of 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight

rating or less in accordance with the medium-duty vehicle provisions contained in the

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent

Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” incorporated by

reference in §1961(d), title 13, CCR. Heavy-duty engine or vehicle provisions of

subpart A do not apply to such a vehicle.

2.3 Subparagraph (c). [No change.]

2.4 Subparagraph (d). [Reserved.]

2.5 Amend subparagraph (e) as follows: Small volume manufacturers.

Special certification procedures are available for any manufacturer whose projected or

actual combined California sales of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty

vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines in its product line are fewer than

4,500 units based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous

consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification. For manufacturer

certifying for the first time in California, model-year production shall be based on

projected California sales. The small volume manufacturer’s heavy-duty engine

certification procedures are described in 40 CFR §86.092-14.

2.6 Subparagraph (f). [n/a; exhaust opacity refers to diesel engines.]

B. California provisions.

1. These regulations are applicable to all heavy-duty Otto-cycle methanolfueled, ethanol-fueled, natural-gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled dedicated,

dual-fuel and multi-fuel engines (and vehicles) except those engines derived from existing

diesel engines. For any engine which is not a distinctly Otto-cycle engine nor derived from

such, the Executive Officer shall determine whether the engine shall be subject to these

regulations or alternatively to the heavy-duty diesel engine regulations, in consideration of

the relative similarity of the engine's torque-speed characteristics and vehicle applications

with those of Otto-cycle and diesel engines. Reference to dual fuel vehicles or engines

shall also mean bi-fuel vehicles or engines.

2. References in the federal regulations to light-duty vehicles and light-duty

trucks do not apply.

3. Any reference to vehicle sales throughout the United States shall mean

vehicles and engines sales in California. Any reference to small volume manufacturer shall

mean a California small-volume manufacturer as defined in section I.1.A.1.5, above.

4. Regulations concerning U.S. EPA hearings, U.S. EPA inspections, specific

language on the Certificate of Conformity, evaporative emissions, high-altitude vehicles

and testing, particulate and oxides of nitrogen averaging and test group standards

applicable in such averaging, alternative useful life, selective enforcement audit, and

Certification Short Test shall not be applicable to these procedures, except where

specifically noted. The regulations pertaining to evaporative emissions are contained in

"California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles," as incorporated in §1976, title 13, CCR.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 3

5. Non-methane hydrocarbon emissions shall be measured in accordance with

the "California Non-methane Hydrocarbon Test Procedures" as last amended July 12,

1991, which is incorporated herein by reference.

2. Definitions. [§86.xxx-2]

A. Federal provisions.

All of the definitions in previous CFR sections continue to apply, except as otherwise

noted below. Definitions specific to other requirements such as evaporative emissions are

contained in those separate documents.

1. §86.004-2. October 6, 2000.

B. California provisions.

“Administrator” means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board.

“Certificate of Conformity” means “Executive Order” certifying vehicles for sale in

California.

“Certification” means certification as defined in Section 39018 of the Health and Safety

Code.

“EPA Enforcement Officer” means the Executive Officer or his delegate.

“Medium-duty vehicle” means any 1992 though 2006 model-year heavy-duty lowemission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle certified to the

standards in section 1960.1(h)(2) having a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000

pounds or less; any 1995 through 2003 model-year heavy-duty vehicle certified to the standards in

section 1960.1(h)(1) having a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or

less; and any 2000 and subsequent model heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, superultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle certified to the standards in section 1961(a)(1) or

1962 having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating between 8,500 and 14,000 pounds.

Warranty means the warranty provisions set forth in title 13, California Code of

Regulations §2036].

3. Abbreviations. [§86.xxx-3]

A. Federal provisions.

1. §86.000-3. October 22, 1996. All federal abbreviations apply, except as

otherwise noted below. Abbreviations specific to other requirements are contained in those

separate documents.

B. California provisions.

CCR means California Code of Regulations

LEV means low-emission vehicle

ULEV means ultra-low-emission vehicle

SULEV means super-ultra-low-emission vehicle

MDV means medium-duty vehicle
As Amended: December 27, 2000 4

4. Section numbering; construction.

[§86.084-4] September 21, 1994. [No change.]

The section numbering convention employed in these test procedures, in order of priority,

is I.1.A.1.1. in order to distinguish California procedures and requirements from those of the U.S.

EPA. References in these test procedures to specific sections of the Code of Federal Regulations

maintain the same numbering system employed in the Code of Federal Regulations. Californiaonly requirements are set forth in a separate subsection. In the beginning of each section the

generic notation §86.xxx-1 is used when there is more than one applicable section (or when no

versions of the section are being incorporated) to indicate the section being discussed without

regard to model year. The years of applicability (denoted generically by “xxx”) are added as

applicable in the pertinent subsections.

In cases where the entire CFR section is incorporated by reference with no modifications,

the notation “[No change.]” is used. In cases where the federal requirements are modified by

California requirements, the notation “Amend (or delete) subparagraph (__) as follows:” is used.

If the federal requirement is not applicable, the notation “[n/a]” is used. In cases where there are

California only requirements, the additional California requirements are noted in a separate

subsection with the numbering convention set forth above.

If a CFR section for a specific model year is set forth in this document, and that CFR

section references previous CFR sections, then all previously referenced CFR sections are deemed

incorporated into this document unless otherwise noted.

5. General Standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.

[§86.090-5] November 12, 1996. [No change.]

6. Hearings on certification. [§86.078-6] [n/a]

7. Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.

[§86.000-7] October 22, 1996. [No change.]

8. Emission standards for light-duty vehicles. [§86.xxx-8] [n/a]

9. Emission standards for light-duty trucks. [§86.xxx-9] [n/a]

10. Emission standards for Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles. [§86.xxx-10]

A. Federal provisions.

1. §86.098-10 October 21, 1997. Amend as follows:

1.1 Amend subparagraph (a) as follows:

1.1.1 Delete subparagraph (a)(1) and replace with emission

standards set forth in Section I.10.B below.]

1.1.2 Subparagraph (a)(2). [No change.]

1.1.3 Subparagraph (a)(3). [No change.]

1.2 Subparagraph (b) [n/a] [See evap TPs]

1.3 Subparagraph (c) [No change.]

1.4 Subparagraph (d) [No change.]

2. §86.099-10 August 23, 1995. [n/a; See evap TPs.]

3. §86.005-10 October 6, 2000. Amend as follows:

3.1 Amend subparagraph (a) as follows:
As Amended: December 27, 2000 5

3.1.1 Delete subparagraph (a)(1). [See emission standards in

I.10.B below]

3.1.2 Subparagraph (a)(2). [No change.]

3.1.3 Subparagraph (a)(3). [No change.]

3.1.4 Subparagraph (a)(4). [No change.]

3.2 Subparagraph (b) [n/a] [See evap TPs]

3.3 Subparagraph (c) [No change.]

3.4 Subparagraph (d) [No change.]

3.5 Subparagraph (e) [No change.]

3.6 Subparagraph (f) [No change.]

4. §86.008-10 October 6, 2000.

4.1 Amend subparagraph (a) as follows:

4.1.1 Delete subparagraph (a)(1). [See emission standards in

I.10.B below]

4.1.2 Subparagraph (a)(2). [No change.]

4.1.3 Subparagraph (a)(3). [No change.]

4.1.4 Subparagraph (a)(4). [No change.]

4.2 Subparagraph (b) [n/a] [See evap TPs]

4.3 Subparagraph (c) [No change.]

4.4 Subparagraph (d) [No change.]

4.5 Subparagraph (e) [No change.]

4.6 Subparagraph (f) [No change.]
As Amended: December 27, 2000 6

B. California provisions.

California Emission Standards for 2004 and Subsequent Model

Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle EnginesA

(in g/bhp-hr)

Model Year Emission

Category

NMHC + NOx CO HCHO

Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In

Medium-Duty Vehicles 8,501 to 14,000 pounds GVWB

2004 ULEV 2.4 or 2.5 with 0.5

NMHC capC

14.4 0.05

2004 SULEV 2.0 7.2 0.025

Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In

Heavy-Duty Vehicles Over 14,000 pounds GVW

2004 n/a 2.4 or 2.5 with 0.5

NMHC capC

37.1 0.05D

Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In Incomplete

Medium-Duty Vehicles 8,501 - 14,000 pounds GVW

2005 and subsequent ULEV 1.0C14.4 0.05

SULEV 0.5 7.2 0.025

Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In

Heavy-Duty Vehicles Over 14,000 pounds GVW

2005 and subsequent n/a 1.0C37.1 0.05D

A

 These standards apply to petroleum-fueled, alcohol-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and

natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines. Alcohol-fueled engines have the option of certifying to the organic

material hydrocarbon equivalent (“OMHCE”) or organic material non-methane hydrocarbon equivalent

(“OMNMHCE”) standard.

B

 A manufacturer of engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles may choose to comply

with these standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures for complete

vehicles specified in section 1961, title 13, CCR. A manufacturer that chooses to comply with these

optional heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures shall specify, in the Part I application for

certification, an in-use compliance test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), title 13 CCR.

C

 A manufacturer may request to certify to the Option 1 or Option 2 federal NMHC + NOx

standards as set forth in 40 CFR §86.005-10(f), as adopted October 6, 2000. However, for engines used in

medium-duty vehicles 8,500 - 14,000 lbs. GVW, the formaldehyde and carbon monoxide standards must

meet the levels specified above.

D This standard only applies to methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines.

11. Emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles. [§86.xxx-11] [n/a]

12. Alternative certification procedures.

[§86.080-12] April 17, 1980. [No change.]

13. Alternative durability program. [§86.xxx-13] [n/a]

14. Small-volume manufacturers certification procedures. [§86.xxx-14]

A. Federal provisions.

[Note: A small volume manufacturer shall mean a California small volume manufacturer as

defined in Section I.1.A., above. Any reference to 10,000 units shall mean 4,500 units in

California based on a three year running average as defined in I.1.A., above.]
As Amended: December 27, 2000 7

1. §86.094-14 January 3, 1996. Amend as follows:

1.1 Subparagraphs (a) through (c)(3) [No change.]

1.2 Amend subparagraph (c)(4) as follows: Small volume

manufacturers shall include in their records all of the information that EPA requires in

§86.094-21. This information will be considered part of the manufacturer’s application

for certification. [The last sentence is deleted.]

1.3 Subparagraphs (c)(5) through (c)(7)(i)(B) [No change.]

1.4 Amend subparagraph (c)(7)(i)(C)(1) as follows: Manufacturers

with aggregated sales of less than 301 motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines per year

may used assigned deterioration factors that the Administrator determines and prescribes

based on design specifications or sufficient control over design specifications,

development data, in-house testing procedures, and in-use experience. [The remainder of

the paragraph is the same.]

1.5 Subparagraph (c)(7)(i)(C)(2) through (c)(13)(i) [No change.]

1.6 Add the following test to subparagraph (c)(13)(ii): All running

changes that do not adversely affect emissions or the emission control system durability

shall be deemed approved unless disapproved by the Executive Officer within 30 days of

the implementation of the running change.

2. §86.096-14 March 24, 1993. [n/a; pertains to evaporative requirements.]

3. §86.098-14 April 6, 1994. [No change.]

15. NOx and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

[§86.xxx-15] [n/a]

16. Prohibition of defeat devices.

[§86.004-16] October 6, 2000. [No change.]

17. Emission control diagnostic system for light-duty vehicles and trucks.

[§86.099-17; §86.005-17] Delete; replace with: All heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines up to

14,000 pounds GVW must have an on-board diagnostic system as required in section

1968.1, title 13 CCR.

18. [Reserved.]

19. [Reserved.]

20. Incomplete vehicles, classification.

§86.085-20 January 12, 1983. [No change.]

21. Application for certification [§86.xxx-21]

A. Federal provisions.

1. §86.004-21 October 6, 2000. [No change.]

2. §86.007-21 October 6, 2000. [No change - diesel only.]

B. California provisions.

For California vehicles not certified exclusively on gasoline or diesel fuel, the

manufacturer shall submit projected California sales and fuel economy data nineteen

months prior to January 1 of the model year for which the engines are certified.

22. Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of

parameters subject to adjustment for certifications and Selective Enforcement

Audit, adequacy of limits, and physically adjustable ranges. [§86.xxx-22]

A. Federal provisions

1. §86.001-22 April 6, 1994. [No change.]
As Amended: December 27, 2000 8

23. Required data. [§86.xxx-23]

A. Federal provisions.

1. §86.001-23 October 21, 1997. [No change.]

B. California provisions.

1. The data derived from testing to determine the exhaust emission

deterioration factors shall be submitted to the Executive Officer for review. If the

durability test method is accepted by EPA, it shall also be accepted by ARB, subject to the

following condition. If, after certification for the first model year in which the method is

used, the Executive Officer determines that a manufacturer's durability test procedures do

not conform with good engineering practices, the Executive Officer may require changes

to that manufacturer's durability test procedures for subsequent model years. The

manufacturer's revised durability test procedures shall be submitted to the Executive

Officer for review and approval.

24. Test vehicles and engines. ['86.001-24] October 22, 1996. [No change.]

25. Maintenance. [§86.004-25]

26. Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements. [§86.004-26] October 6,

2000.

27. Special test procedures.

§86.090-27 April 11, 1989. [No change.]

28. Compliance with emission standards. [§86.xxx-28]

A. Federal provisions.

1. §86.004-28. October 6, 2000.

B. California provisions.

1. All dedicated methanol-fueled and fuel-flexible vehicles and engines shall

comply with the requirements which are applicable to heavy-duty gasoline-fueled

Otto-cycle vehicles and engines, except where otherwise noted. In particular, for

fuel-flexible vehicles and engines, a manufacturer's proposed durability demonstration

program, as required in sections 86.091-21(b)(4)(iii)(A) and 86.091-23(b)(1)(ii), shall

provide for the assessment of the durability of the engine in operation with methanol and

gasoline, as well as intermediate mixtures of both fuels. A manufacturer's proposed

mileage and service accumulation, as required in section 86.090-24(c), shall be conducted

on methanol.

2. For fuel-flexible vehicles and engines, the noted deterioration factors shall

be determined from testing conducted with gasoline fuel. However, as an assurance that

fuel-flexible vehicles and engines will comply with applicable exhaust emission standards

throughout their useful lives when operated on methanol fuel, the manufacturer shall

demonstrate that exhaust emissions tests conducted with methanol fuel at the beginning,

middle, and end of the durability service accumulation schedule do not exceed the

applicable exhaust emission standards. For certification to be granted, the vehicle or

engine may not exceed applicable certification exhaust emission standards.

3. For dual-fuel or multi-fuel gaseous engines and vehicles, the noted

deterioration factors shall be determined separately for operation on each type of fuel or

combination of fuels that the engine is designed to use. For certification to be granted, the

provisions of 86.091-28(c) must be met separately for emissions using each type and

combination of fuels.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 9

29. Testing by the Administrator.

§86.091-29 March 24, 1993. [No change.]

30. Certification.

§86.004-30 October 6, 2000. [No change.]

31. Separate certification.

§86.079-31 September 8, 1977. [No change.]

32. Addition of a vehicle or engine after certification.

§86.079-32 September 8, 1977. [No change.]

33. Changes to a vehicle or engine covered by certification.

§86.079-33 September 8, 1977. [No change.]

34. Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.

§86.082-34 November 2, 1982. [No change.]

35. Labeling.

§86.xxx-35 Delete. Labels shall comply with the requirements set forth in the "California

Motor Vehicle Emission Control and Smog Index Label Specifications," incorporated by

reference in §1965, title 13, CCR.

36. Submission of vehicle identification numbers. [§86.079-36] [n/a]

37. Production vehicles and engines.

§86.085-37. June 6, 1997. [No change.]

38. Maintenance instructions. [§86.xxx-38]

1. §86.004-38 October 21, 1997.

1.1 Subparagraphs (a) through (f). [No change.]

1.2 Amend subparagraph (g)(1) as follows:

(g) Emission control diagnostic service information:

(1) Manufacturers shall furnish or cause to be furnished to any person

engaged in the repairing or servicing of motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines, or the

Administrator upon request, any and all information needed to make use of the on-board

diagnostic system and such other information, including instructions for making emissionrelated diagnosis and repairs, including, but not limited to, service manuals, technical

service bulletins, recall service information, data stream information, bi-directional control

information, and training information, unless such information is protected by section

208(c) of the Act or California Government Code Section 6250, as a trade secret. No

such information may be withheld under section 208(c) of the Act or California

Government Code Section 6250, if that information is provided (directly or indirectly) by

the manufacturer to franchised dealers or other persons engaged in the repair, diagnosing,

or servicing of motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines.

1.3 Subparagraph (h). [No change.]

39. Submission of maintenance instructions.

[§86.079-39] September 8, 1977. [No change.]

40. Heavy-duty engine rebuilding practices. [§86.xxx-40]

1. §86.004-40. October 21, 1997.

1.1 Amend the introductory paragraph as follows: The provisions of this

section are applicable to engines subject to the standards prescribed §86.004-10 or

§86.004-11 and are applicable to the process of engine rebuilding (or rebuilding a portion

of an engine or engine system). The process of engine rebuilding generally includes
As Amended: December 27, 2000 10

disassembly, replacement of multiple parts due to wear, and reassembly, and also may

include the removal of the engine from the vehicle and other acts associated with

rebuilding an engine. Any deviation from the provisions contained in this section is a

prohibited act under section 203(a)(3) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(3)) or of

the California Vehicle Code § 27156, et seq.

1.2 Subparagraphs (a) through (e). [No change.]
As Amended: December 27, 2000 11

Part II OTHER REQUIREMENTS; TEST PROCEDURES

Subpart N, Emission Regulations for New Otto-cycle and Diesel Heavy-Duty Engines;

Gaseous and Particulate Exhaust Test Procedures

86.1301-90 Scope; applicability. April 11, 1989.

86.1302-84 Definitions. November 16, 1983.

86.1303-84 Abbreviations. November 16, 1983.

86.1304-90 Section numbering; construction. October 6, 2000.

86.1305-04 Introduction; structure of subpart. October 6, 2000.

86.1306-96 Equipment required and specification; overview. September 21, 1994.

86.1308-84 Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications. December 16, 1987.

86.1309-90 Exhaust gas sampling system; gasoline-fueled and methanol-fueled Otto-cycle

engines. June 30, 1995.

Amend subparagraph (a)(3) as follows: For methanol-fueled engines, the sample lines for

the methanol and formaldehyde samples are heated to 235o ± 15oF (113o ± 8oC).

86.1311-94 Exhaust gas analytical system; CVS bag sample. October 21, 1997.

86.1313-94 Fuel specifications. September 5, 1997.

86.1313-98 Fuel specifications. September 5, 1997. [n/a diesel fuel specifications.]

Amend the federal fuel specifications as follows:

1. California Certification Gasoline Specification. Add the following

subparagraph which reads: Gasoline having the specifications listed below may be used in exhaust

and evaporative emission testing as an option to the specifications referred to in 86.1313-94(a)(1).

If a manufacturer elects to utilize this option, both exhaust and evaporative emission testing shall

be conducted by the manufacturer with gasoline having the specifications listed below, and the

Executive Officer shall conduct exhaust and evaporative emission testing with gasoline having the

specifications listed below.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 12

California Certification Gasoline Specifications

Fuel Property(a) Limit Test Method (b)

Octane (R+M)/2 91 (min) D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Sensitivity 7.5 (min) D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Lead 0-0.01g/gal (max); no lead

added

 §2253.4(c), title 13

CCR

Distillation Range: §2263, title 13 CCR(c)

 10% point 130-150 oF

 50% point (d) 200-210 oF

 90% point (e) 290-300 oF

 EP, maximum 390 oF

Residue 2.0 vol. % (max)

Sulfur 30-40 ppm by wt. §2263, title 13 CCR

Phosphorous 0.005 g/gal (max) §2253.4(c), title 13

CCR

RVP 6.7-7.0 psi §2263, title 13 CCR

Olefins 4.0-6.0 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR

Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons 22-25 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR

Benzene 0.8-1.0 vol. %(f) §2263, title 13 CCR

Multi-substituted Alkyl Aromatic

Hydrocarbons

12-14 vol. %(g)

MTBE 10.8-11.2 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR

Additives Sufficient to meet requirements of §2257, title 13

CCR

Copper Corrosion No. 1 D 130-88

Gum, washed 3.0 mg/100 mL (max) D 381-86

Oxidation Stability 1000 minutes (min) D 525-88

Specific Gravity Report (h)

Heat of Combustion Report (h)

Carbon Report wt. % (h)

Hydrogen Report wt. % (h)

(a)

 The gasoline must be blended from typical refinery feedstocks.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 13

(b)

 ASTM specification unless otherwise noted. A test method other than that specified may be used

following a determination by the Executive Officer that the other method produces results equivalent to the results

with the specified method.

(c)

 Although §2263, title 13, CCR refers to the temperatures of the 50 and 90 percent points, this

procedure can be extended to the 10 percent and end point temperatures, and to the determination of the residue

content.

(d)

 The range for interlaboratory testing is 195-215o F.

(e)

 The range for interlaboratory testing is 285-305o F.

(f)

 The range for interlaboratory testing is 0.7-1.1 percent by volume.

(g) "Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distillates, Reformates, and Gasoline by

Single Column High Efficiency (Capillary) Column Gas Chromatography," by Neil Johansen, 1992, Boulder, CO.

(h)

 The fuel producer should report this fuel property to the fuel purchaser. Any generally accepted test

method may be used and shall be identified in the report.

2. Alcohol Fuel Specifications.

Amend §86.1313-94(c) as follows: Delete subparagraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2); replace with:

(c)(1) Emission test fuel. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid electric

vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, methanol or ethanol fuel used for exhaust

and evaporative emission testing shall meet the specifications set forth in section 2292.1, title 13,

CCR, (Specifications for M-100 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.3 (Specification for E-100 Fuel

Ethanol) as modified by the following:

Specification Limit

M-100 Fuel Methanol

Methanol 98.0 ± 0.5 vol. percent

Ethanol 1.0 vol. percent max.

Petroleum fuel meeting the

specifications of section 100.3.1.

1.0 ± 0.1 vol. percent

E-100 Fuel Ethanol

Ethanol 98.0 ± 0.5 vol. percent

Methanol 1.0 vol. percent max.

Petroleum fuel meeting the

specifications of section 100.3.1.

1.0 ± 0.1 vol. percent

(c)(2) Mileage accumulation fuel. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid

electric vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, methanol or ethanol fuel used for

service accumulation shall meet the applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.1, title 13,

CCR, (Specifications for M-100 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.3 (Specification for E-100 Fuel

Ethanol).

(c)(3) Fuel additives and ignition improvers intended for use in alcohol test fuels shall be

subject to the approval of the Executive Officer. In order for such approval to be granted, a

manufacturer must demonstrate that emissions will not be adversely affected by the use of the fuel

additive or ignition improver.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 14

3. Mixtures of Petroleum and Alcohol Fuels for Flexible Fuel Vehicles.

Amend §86.1313-94(d) as follows: Delete subparagraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2); replace with:

(d)(1) Exhaust emission test fuel for emission-data and durability-data vehicles. For

Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel

alcohol engines, methanol or ethanol fuel used for exhaust emission testing shall meet the

applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.2, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for M-85 Fuel

Methanol) or section 2292.4 (Specifications for E-85 Fuel Ethanol) as modified by the following:

Specification Limit

M-85 Fuel Methanol

Petroleum fuel meeting the

specifications of section 100.3.1.

13-16 vol. percent

 Reid vapor pressure 8.0-8.5 psi, using common blending

components from the gasoline

stream.

E-85 Fuel Ethanol

Petroleum fuel meeting the

specifications of section 100.3.1.

15-21 vol. percent

Reid vapor pressure 8.0-8.5 psi, using common blending

components from the gasoline

stream.

(d)(2) Mileage accumulation fuel. For flexible fuel Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles

and hybrid electric vehicles that use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, petroleum fuel shall

meet the applicable specifications in Part II, subparagraph 1 and methanol or ethanol fuel shall

meet the applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.2, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for M85 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.4 (Specification for E-85 Fuel Ethanol). Mileage

accumulation procedures shall be subject to the requirements set forth in 40 CFR §86.001-26 and

§86.1831-01(a) and (b) and are subject to the prior approval of the Executive Officer. A

manufacturer shall consider expected customer fuel usage as well as emissions deterioration when

developing its durability demonstration.

(d)(3) Evaporative emission test fuel for emission-data and durability-data vehicles.

For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles which use Otto-cycle or

diesel alcohol engines, a blend of methanol or ethanol fuel used for evaporative emission testing

shall meet the applicable specifications set forth in section 2292.2, title 13, CCR, (Specifications

for M-85 Fuel Methanol) or section 2292.4 (Specifications for E-85 Fuel Ethanol) and gasoline

meeting the specifications of Part II subparagraph 1 of these test procedures such that the final

blend is composed of either 35 volume percent methanol (± 1.0 volume percent of total blend) for

methanol-fueled vehicles or 10 volume percent ethanol (± 1.0 volume percent of total blend) for

ethanol-fueled vehicles. Alternative alcohol-gasoline blends may be used in place of M35 or E10

if demonstrated to result in equivalent or higher evaporative emissions, subject to prior approval

of the Executive Officer.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 15

(d)(4) Additive requirements. Fuel additives and ignition improvers intended for use in

alcohol test fuels shall be subject to the approval of the Executive Officer. In order for such

approval to be granted, a manufacturer must demonstrate that emissions will not be adversely

affected by the use of the fuel additive or ignition improver.

4. Natural Gas Fuel Specifications.

Add the following subparagraphs:

(a) Exhaust emission test fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or hybrid electric vehicles

which use natural gas, fuel used for exhaust and evaporative emission testing shall meet the

specifications listed in section 2292.5, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for Compressed Natural Gas)

as modified by the following:

Specification Limit

Compressed Natural Gas Certification Test Fuel

 Methane 90.0 ± 1.0 mole percent

 Ethane 4.0 ± 0.5 mole percent

 C3 and higher hydrocarbon content 2.0 ± 0.3 mole percent

 Oxygen 0.5 mole percent maximum

 Inert gases (CO2 + N2) 3.5 ± 0.5 vol. percent

(b) Mileage accumulation fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or hybrid electric vehicles

which use natural gas, fuel used for service accumulation shall meet the specifications listed in

section 2292.5, title 13, CCR (Specifications for Compressed Natural Gas).

5. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Fuel Specifications.

Add the following subparagraphs:

(a) Evaporative and exhaust emission test fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or

hybrid electric vehicles which use liquefied petroleum gas, fuel used for exhaust and evaporative

emission testing shall meet the specifications listed in section 2292.6, title 13, CCR (Specifications

for Liquefied Petroleum Gas), as modified by the following:
As Amended: December 27, 2000 16

Specification Limit

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Certification Test Fuel

 Propane 93.5 ± 1.0 volume percent

 Propene 3.8 ± 0.5 volume percent

 Butane and heavier components 1.9 ± 0.3 volume percent

(b) Mileage accumulation fuel. For dedicated, dual-fueled or hybrid electric vehicles

which use liquefied petroleum gas, fuel used for service accumulation shall meet the specifications

listed in section 2292.6, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas).

6. Identification of New Clean Fuels to be Used in Certification Testing.

Any person may petition the state board to establish by regulation certification testing

specifications for a new clean fuel for which specifications for a new clean fuel are not specifically

set forth in paragraph 86.1313-94 as amended herein. Prior to adopting such specifications, the

state board shall consider the relative cost-effectiveness of use of the fuel in reducing emissions

compared to the use of other fuels. Whenever the state board adopts specifications for a new

clean fuel for certification testing, it shall also establish by regulation specifications for the fuel as

it is sold commercially to the public.

(a) If the proposed new clean fuel may be used to fuel existing motor vehicles, the

state board shall not establish certification specifications for the fuel unless the petitioner has

demonstrated that:

(1) Use of the new clean fuel in such existing motor vehicles would not increase

emissions of NMOG (on a reactivity-adjusted basis), NOx, CO, and the potential risk

associated with toxic air contaminants, as determined pursuant to the procedures set forth

in "California Test Procedures for Evaluating Substitute Fuels and New Clean Fuels," as

adopted September 17, 1993. In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles or dual-fuel vehicles

which were not certified on the new clean fuel but are capable of being operated on it,

emissions during operation with the new clean fuel shall not increase compared to

emissions during vehicle operation on gasoline.

(2) Use of the new clean fuel in such existing motor vehicles would not result in

increased deterioration of the vehicle and would not void the warranties of any such

vehicles.

(b) Whenever the state board designates a new clean fuel pursuant to this section, the

state board shall also establish by regulation required specifications for the new clean fuel sold

commercially in California.

86.1314-94 Analytical gases. June 30, 1995.

86.1316-94 Calibration; frequency and overview. September 5, 1997.

86.1318-84 Engine dynamometer system calibrations. November 16, 1983.

86.1319-90 CVS calibration. May 4, 1998.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 17

86.1320-90 Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, methanol, and

formaldehyde measurement. April 11, 1989.

86.1321-94 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. September 5, 1997.

86.1322-84 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration. September 5, 1997.

86.1323-84 Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration. September 5, 1997.

86.1324-84 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. September 5, 1997.

86.1325-94 Methane analyzer calibration. September 5, 1997.

86.1326-90 Calibration of other equipment. April 11, 1989.

86.1327-98 Engine dynamometer test procedures; overview. September 5, 1997.

86.1330-90 Test sequence, general requirements. September 5, 1997.

86.1332-90 Engine mapping procedures. September 21, 1994.

86.1333-90 Transient test cycle generation. May 4, 1998.

86.1334-84 Pre-test engine and dynamometer preparation. September 5, 1997.

86.1335-90 Optional forced cool-down procedure. September 5, 1997.

86.1336-84 Engine starting and restarting. September 21, 1994.

86.1337-96 Engine dynamometer test run. September 5, 1997.

86.1338-84 Emission measurement accuracy. September 5, 1997.

86.1340-94 Exhaust sample analysis. June 30, 1995.

86.1341-98 Test cycle validation criteria. September 5, 1997.

86.1342-94 Calculations; exhaust emissions. September 5, 1997.

Amend subparagraph (d) Meaning of symbols as follows:

(1)(ii) If gaseous fuels are being used, 18.64 g/ft3 for natural gas and 17.28 g/ft3 for

liquefied petroleum gas, assuming an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:3.803 for

natural gas and 1:2.656 for liquefied petroleum gas, at 68o F and 760 mm Hg pressure.

The Executive Officer may approve other density values deemed appropriate by a

manufacturer when gaseous fuels are being used.

 * * * * *

 (3)(v)(B) COe = [1-(0.01 + 0.005HCR)CO2e - 0.00323R]COem for methanol fuel, where

HCR is hydrogen to carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used. For natural gas and

liquefied petroleum gas, HCR is assumed to be 2.656 and 3.802 respectively.

 * * * * *

86.1344-94 Required information. October 21, 1997.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 18

Subpart P - Emission Regulations for New Gasoline-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled

Otto-Cycle Heavy-Duty Engines and New Gasoline-Fueled and Methanol-Fueled

Otto-Cycle Light-Duty Trucks; Idle Test Procedures

86.1501-94 Scope, applicability. October 6, 2000.

86.1502-84 Definitions. May 4, 1999.

86.1503-84 Abbreviations. May 4, 1999.

86.1504-94 Section numbering; construction. June 30, 1995.

86.1505-94 Introduction; structure of subpart. June 30, 1995.

86.1506-94 Equipment required and specifications; overview. September 21, 1994.

86.1509-84 Exhaust gas sampling system. June 30, 1995.

86.1511-84 Exhaust gas analysis system. June 30, 1995.

86.1513-94 Fuel specifications. September 21, 1994.

86.1514-84 Analytical gases. June 30, 1995.

86.1516-84 Calibration; frequency and overview. November 16, 1983.

86.1519-84 CVS calibration. November 16, 1983.

86.1522-84 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration. November 16, 1983.

86.1524-84 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. November 16, 1983.

86.1526-84 Calibration of other equipment. November 16, 1983.

86.1527-84 Idle test procedure; overview. November 16, 1983.

86.1530-84 Test sequence; general requirements. November 16, 1983.

86.1537-84 Idle test run. June 30, 1995.

86.1540-84 Idle exhaust sample analysis. November 16, 1983.

86.1542-84 Information required. December 10, 1984.

86.1544-84 Calculation; idle exhaust emissions. July 7, 1986.
As Amended: December 27, 2000 19

Appendix I - Urban Dynamometer Schedules.

(f)(1) EPA Engine Dynamometer Schedule for Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Fueled Engines.

April 29, 1998.

Appendix XII - Tables for Production Compliance Auditing of Heavy-Duty Engines and

Heavy-Duty Vehicles.