# USER GUIDE

TRIMBLE® UX5 AERIAL IMAGING SOLUTION

1 Version 1.00 Revision A June 2013Legal Information

Trimble Navigation Limited 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, California 94085 U.S.A. www.trimble.com Copyright and Trademarks © 2013,Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are trademarks ofTrimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries. Access is a trademark ofTrimble Navigation Limited. Microsoftand Windows are eitherregistered trademarks ortrademarks of MicrosoftCorporation in the United States and/orothercountries. All othertrademarks are the property oftheirrespective owners. Release Notice This is the June 2013 release (Revision A ) ofthe Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution UserGuide. Itapplies toversion 1.00 ofthe UX5 aerial imaging solution. COCOM Limits The U.S. DepartmentofCommerce requires thatall exportable GPS products contain performance limitations sothatthey cannot be used in a mannerthatcould threaten the security ofthe United States. The following limitations are implemented on this product:

– Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the receivervelocity is computed to be greaterthan 1, 000 knots, orits altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The receiverGPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared. Notices United States Certification number: FCC ID HSW-DNT2400P. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuantto part 15 ofthe FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipmentgenerates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation ofthis equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the userwill be required to correctthe interference at his own expense. Changes and modifications notexpressly approved by the manufacturer orregistrantofthis equipmentcan void yourauthority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules. Canada Under Industry Canada regulations,this radiotransmittermay only operate using an antenna ofa type and maximum (orlesser) gain approved forthe transmitterby Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to otherusers,the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen thatthe equivalent isotropically radiated power(e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary forsuccessful communication. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard (s). Operation is subjecttothe following two conditions: (1) this device may notcause interference, and (2) this device mustacceptany interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation ofthe device. This class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Certification number IC: 4492A-DNT2400P. This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-210. Conformémentà la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteurradio peutfonctionneravec une antenne d'un type etd'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pourl'émetteurpar Industrie Canada. Dans le butde réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il fautchoisirle type d'antenne etson gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissementd'une communication satisfaisante. Le présentappareil estconforme auxCNRd'Industrie Canada applicables auxappareils radioexempts de licence. L'exploitation estautorisée aux deuxconditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateurde l'appareil doitacceptertout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage estsusceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. Cetappareil numérique de la classe A estconforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Numérique de certification IC: 4492A-DNT2400P. Cetappareil estconforme à la norme CNR-210 du Canada. Europe The productcovered by this guide are intended to be used in all EU membercountries, Norway, and Switzerland. This equipment is classified as group 1, class A equipmentaccording to EN 55011. Group 1 is applicable forall equipmentwithin the scope of EN 55011 that is notclassified as group 2 equipment,which contains all ISM RF equipment. Class A equipment is equipmentsuitable foruse in all establishments otherthan domestic. Using Class A equipment in domestic environments may cause difficulties ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. CE Declaration ofConformity Hereby,Trimble Navigation, declares thatthis product is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of:

– EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)

– Machine Directive (2006/42/EC)

– R&TTE Directive (1999/5/EC)

– RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU) Note–DeviationfromMachinedirective2006/42/EC: The CE markingfor the UX5systemisplacedon the Trimble UX5eBoxandis only visible when theeBoxisremovedfrom the Trimble UX5wing. Japan Certification numbers forthe DNT2400P RFM radio module : 007WWCUL0739 and 003UVA110681 Australia and New Zealand This productconforms with the regulatory requirements of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) EMCframework,thus satisfying the requirements forC-Tick Marking and sale within Australia and New Zealand. Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements The productcontains a removable Lithium-ion battery. Taiwanese regulations require thatwaste batteries are recycled. 廢電池請 回 收 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Forproduct recycling instructions and more information, please gotowww.trimble.com/ev.shtml. Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products that run on electrical power), call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask forthe “WEEE Associate”. Or, mail a requestforrecycling instructions to: Trimble Europe BV c/o MenloWorldwide Logistics Meerheide 45 5521 DZ Eersel, NL

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 2FCC Declaration of Conformity

We, Trimble Navigation Limited. 935Stewart Drive PO Box 3642 Sunnyvale, CA94088-3642 United States +1-408-481-8000 Declare under sole responsibilitythat DoC products comply with Part 15 ofFCC Rules. Operation is subject to thefollowingtwo conditions: (1)This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)This device must accept any interference received, including interferencethat may cause undesired operation

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# Contents

1 Introduction 6 The UX5 aerial imaging rover 7 Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover 8 Solution components 10 Flight case contents 11 Inserting the eBoxand camera 12 Installing the Aerial Imaging software 13 Missions and flights 14 Mission phases 14 The Aerial Imaging screen 15 

### 2 Planning a Mission 18 Creating a mission 19 Preparing the mission map 19 Defining mission parameters 20 Exporting the mission from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 23 Checking flight permissions and conditions 23 

### 3 Preparing Equipment 26 Checking the launcher 27 Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover 27 Charging the UX5 batteries 29 Charging theTablet batteries 32 Charging the camera batteries 32 Checking the camera 33 Pairing the transmitterwith the tracking receiver 36 Locating your equipment 37 

### 4 Completing a Flight 38 Visit the site to check for obstacles 39 Dealing with sudden weather changes 42 Importing the mission 42 Defining the flight area 43 Setting the flight parameters 45 Completing the pre-flight checklist 47 Monitoring the flight 59 Landing the UX5 66 Completing the post-flight checklist 67 Exporting the mission 68 Disassembling the launcher 69

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 4Contents



### 5 Analysis and Export 70 Transferring the images 71 Importing the mission to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 71 Exporting flight data for processing 72 

### 6 Troubleshooting 74 Update checklist 75 Errors and warnings 75 Landing issues 77 eBox LED status 78 Technical support 78 

### 7 Specifications and Settings 79 UX5 specifications 80 Camera specifications 81 Camera settings 82 Battery charger settings 88 

### Glossary 89

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# Introduction

In this chapter:
n The UX5 aerial imaging rover n Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover n Solution components
n Flight case contents
n Inserting the eBoxand camera n Installing the Aerial Imaging software
n Missions and flights
n Mission phases
n The Aerial Imaging screen The Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution User Guide provides detailed information about operating the components oftheTrimble® UX5 aerial imaging solution. Even ifyou have used other unmanned aviation systems before, please read this userguide carefully to familiarize yourselfwith the UX5 aerial imaging solution.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 6 

# 1 CH A P T E R1 Introduction 

# The UX5 aerial imaging rover TheTrimble UX5 aerial imaging rover is an unmanned aircraft (UA). An unmanned aircraft is a generic term, and refers to an aircraft that is operated with no pilot on board. Such an aircraft is commonly also referred to as a remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA). The UX5 aerial imaging roverfollows a preprogrammed path wheretakeoff, flight, and landing require minimal human intervention. If required, the crewoperating the aircraft from the ground can interveneto changethe flight path or to land. In some cases, such as communications failure or loss ofGPS signal, a pre-programmed intervention is automatically activated to re-establish signal loss orto terminatethe flight early and complete a safe landing. The UX5 aerial imaging rover holds/contains a camera that takes aerial images overthe defined area. During the flight, all pictures are acquired at a specified height, along parallel lines with specified overlap between the image exposures. At the sametime, position information ofthe pictures is recorded forfurther processing in image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software. 

## Typical applications Image acquisition can be used for:
l Orthophoto creation
l Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or Digital Surface Model (DSM)
l Photogrammetry The resulting data is useful for a range ofapplications, including:
l Topographical surveying, particularly in remote or difficult to access areas, typical in the mining and dredging industries
l Vegetation monitoring
l Infrastructure mapping 

## ISA conditions All operating specifications provided in this guide forthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are determined using International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions. The ISAconditions used to determine the specifications forthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are: Specification Value Humidity 0% Air pressure 1013.25 hPa (760 mm Hg) Temperature 15°C (59°F) Air density 1.225 kg/m3 (0.076 lb/ft3) Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 71 Introduction 

# Parts of the UX5 aerial imaging rover The main parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are shown below. 

## Top view

❶ Aircraft body ❻ eBox ❿ Download cable connector ❷ Leading edge ❼ Pitot tube ⓫ Elevon servos ❸ Payload bay ❽ GPS antenna ⓬ Inboard elevon ❹ Battery ❾ Mode button ⓭ Outboard elevon ❺ Camera

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 81 Introduction 

## Bottom view

❶ Camera lens hole ❸ Motor ❺ Propeller ❷ Launcher slat ❹ Propeller nut ❻ Winglet

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 91 Introduction 

# Solution components The UX5 aerial imaging solution comprises the following components:
l UX5 aerial imaging rover l Camera
l Ground control station
l Launcher
l Tracker (optional) 

## UX5 aerial imaging rover The UX5 aerial imaging rover consists ofthe wing kit (or body) and the eBox. The eBox is a removable boxcontaining the computerthat controls the UX5. The eBox is connected to a GPS antenna and a radio antenna so that the ground control station can communicate with the UX5 while it is in the air. 

## Camera The camera captures images during the flight. The camera has a large 16.1 megapixel APS-C sensor that provides sharp, detailed images. The standard RGB solution includes a UV HAZE 1filter. The optional NIR (near infrared) solution is for use in specialized applications such as agriculture. 

## Ground control station The ground control station (GCS) is used to control the UX5 aerial imaging roverfrom the ground. It comprises theTrimbleTablet Rugged PC running theTrimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging software. A modem is connected to theTablet to enable radio communication to the unmanned aircraft. 

## Launcher The launcher is a mechanical devicethat provides a safe way to launch the UX5 aerial imaging rover in the direction oftakeoff. 

## Tracker The tracker consists ofa transmitter inserted in the body ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover and a receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signal so the UX5 aerial imaging rover can be located once it has landed. The exact type oftracker used depends on the country wherethe system is being used. Check with yourTrimble distributorwhat is available foryour location.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 101 Introduction 

# Flight case contents When you receive your solution components, unpack them and storethem in the dedicated cavities in the flight case. Note – The GPS and RFantennas aresmallparts thatare easily lost. Trimble recommends attaching the antennas to the eBox assoon asyou unpack them. See Inserting the eBox and camera, page 12. Check offthe components against the illustration belowto ensurethat you have all ofthe components you need for a successful flight:

❶ Tablet, modem and RF antenna, download cable ❼ UX5 battery charger and charge cable ❷ UX5 battery ❽ Pitot cover and spare camera battery ❸ Trackertransmitter and receiver ❾ Lens cleaning paper ❹ Power strip, UX5 power cable, and camera battery charger ❿ Pre-moistened lens cloth ❺ UX5 body, with camera, eBoxand top cover ⓫ Tools and optional spare parts ❻ Extra parts such as winglets, propellers

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 111 Introduction 

# Inserting the eBox and camera The eBoxand camera are stored insidethe UX5 body in the flight case. 1. Unpack the UX5 body, the eBox, GPS antenna, RF antenna, and camera. 2. Attach the RF antenna to the underside ofthe eBox. 3. Attach the GPS antenna to the top side ofthe eBox.

4. Insert the eBox into the eBoxcavity ofthe UX5 body, sliding the bottom end into the cavity and then pressing down so that the connector on the rear plugs into the connector in the UX5 body. WARNING – Always disconnect the battery from the eBox before inserting or removing the eBox from the UX5 body. If the battery is still connected, you risk damaging the electronics inside the UX5 body. For information on disconnecting the battery, see Removing the battery, page 29. 5. Insert the screw into the hole ofthe eBoxand screwthe eBox into place using a T10Torx screwdriver. 6. Insert the camera into the payload cavity ofthe UX5 body.

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# Installing the Aerial Imaging software Use the Aerial Imaging softwareto plan, manage, and monitoryourflights. The Aerial Imaging Desktop software is installed on an office computer. The field version ofthe Aerial Imaging software is installed on theTablet. The field software provides all ofthe functionality included in the office software. In addition, you can use the field softwareto:
l Plan and simulate flights.
l Monitorthe aircraft during flight. 

## Aerial Imaging Desktop installation 1. To install the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, use theTrimble Access Installation Manager. If you have:
l not installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/taim for installation information. Make sure you download and install theTAIM Online version.
l previously installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because it updates itselfautomatically. 2. Make sure you do not have a Tablet or otherTrimble controller connected to the office computer. 3. SelectStart/AllPrograms / TrimbleAccess Installation Managerto start the Installation Manager. 4. Select theAdditionalapplications tab. 5. Select theAerialImaging Desktop check box. 6. Click Create license. 7. TheTrimble Access Installation Manager switches to the Licensed applications tab and shows the now licensed Aerial Imaging Desktop software. 8. Click Install. Forfurther information on updating the software, referto the Help file in theTrimble Access Installation Manager. To viewthe Help file, select theTrimble icon in the top left, and then select Help. 

## Aerial Imaging Tablet installation 1. To install the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet, use theTrimble Access Installation Manager. Ifyou have:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 131 Introduction

l not installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/taim for installation information.
l previously installed theTrimble Access Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because it updates itselfautomatically. 2. SelectStart/AllPrograms / TrimbleAccess Installation Managerto start the Installation Manager. 3. In the Licensed applications tab, select theAerialImaging check boxand then click Install. Forfurther information on howto install or update your software and license file, referto the Help file in theTrimble Access Installation Manager. To viewthe Help file, select theTrimble icon in the top left, and then select Help. 

# Missions and flights Amission consists ofone or more flights within the mission area. Mission planning is usually done in the office. The number offlights per mission is estimated by the software and depends on the size ofthe mission area. Aflight is a single flight within the mission area. Flight planning is done in the field. 

# Mission phases The typical phases ofa mission are:
l Mission planning: In the office you can definethe mission area, adding background maps, and avoidance zones ifrequired. The software estimates the number offlights needed to coverthe mission area, depending on the size ofthe mission area. Checks forflight permissions, weather, and site suitability are completed and the flight is scheduled. Before heading to the site, all equipment is checked for any damage from previous flights and all batteries are fully charged.
l Flight planning: The flight is planned and the wind direction, takeoffand landing locations are specified. The pre-flight checklist is completed to ensurethat the system is ready forthe flight.
l Flight operation: After launching the UX5 aerial imaging rover, the flight is monitored using the ground control station. Afterthe UX5 aerial imaging rover lands, the post-flight checklist is completed to transferthe flight data to theTablet PC.
l Analysis and export: The flight and captured images are analyzed to make surethey are synchronized and the data is exported in the appropriate file format for image processing.
l Image processing: The data collected during the flight is processed using image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 141 Introduction 

# The Aerial Imaging screen When you open the Aerial Imaging software, theAerialImaging screen appears. TheAerialImaging screen with an example mission is shown below:

The right panel shows the name ofthe current screen. There are several buttons next to the screen name: Click... To...

viewtheSoftwareSettings screen. For more information, see Changing the software settings, page 17. viewtheAerialImaging Help. closethe software. 

## Mission list Existing missions are displayed in the list to the right. The number ofplanned and completed flights in the mission is indicated. When you select a mission in the list, the map screen shows the map forthe selected mission. Note – Ifthe mission is new and notyetplanned, a world map isshown. Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 151 Introduction

You must select a mission before most ofthe following buttons are enabled: Click... To... For more information, see... Insidethe Create newfield create a new mission. Creating a mission, page 19 Import import a mission .gwt file. Importing the mission, page 42 Export export mission data as .jxl or .csv files

for processing. Exporting flight data for processing, page 72 Copy copy the contents ofa mission. You

can choose whetherto also copy the flights and flight data. Open viewthe Mission Planning screen for

the selected mission. Defining mission parameters, page 20 Delete deletethe mission and associated

flight data. Images forthe mission are not deleted. 

## Main map Use the Map / Satellite button to toggle between the map viewand the satellite viewofthe map (online maps only). Use the and buttons to zoom in and zoom out ofthe map. Ifyou are viewing the map on theTablet and it has a GPS connection, the button is available. If you pan around the map, click to centerthe map on the current GPS location. During flight, the button is available. Click to centerthe .map on the current UX5 location. The status bar belowthe map shows:

l GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe cursor on the map.
l GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe GCS. Ifthe GCS has no GPS connection, this icon is red and the text "not available" is displayed.
l GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe UX5 and the current ground speed. Ifthe UX5 has no GPS connection, this icon is not displayed.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 161 Introduction 

## Changing the software settings To change settings forthe Aerial Imaging software, click the Settings button in theAerial Imaging screen. The following settings are available:
l The source for online maps. l Preferred units for speed, distance, and height.
l Proxy settings forthe Internet connection. Select the check boxto enable proxy settings forthe Internet connection and then enterthe settings to use. Ifyou changethese settings, you are prompted to restart the Aerial Imaging software. Note – You may need to configure the Internetproxysettings beforeyou can view online maps. For the correctsettings to use, consultyour network administrator. l Communication timeout settings. Enter a value between 20 seconds and 1800 seconds (30 minutes). The default value is 120 seconds (2 minutes). Note – The countryyou are operating in may have regulationsprescribing the minimum communication timeoutsetting thatyou mustuse. Makesureyou are aware ofthese and thatyou use the regulated minimum settingforyour location.

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# Planning a Mission

In this chapter:
n Creating a mission
n Preparing the mission map n Defining mission parameters
n Exporting the mission from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software
n Checking flight permissions and conditions This chapter describes howto plan a mission.

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# 2 CH A P T E R

# Creating a mission

To create a new mission, in theAerialImaging screen enterthe name ofthe new mission in the Create newmission field and then click . The new mission is listed in theAerialImaging screen and indicates 0flights. To plan the mission, select it and then click Open. The Map tab ofthe Mission Planning screen appears. 

# Preparing the mission map 1. In the Mission Planning screen, make surethe Map tab is selected. 2. To use an online map: a. Enterthe location ofinterest in theSearchforlocation field and then click . The map shows the area around the location using your preferred online map provider (see Changing the software settings, page 17). b. Zoom in or out, or pan until you viewthe preferred map area. c. Click Download. This ensures that you will be ableto viewthe map background during the flight, ifyou do not have an Internet connection in the field. The current map, including a buffer around the edge, is downloaded as an offline map. The largest area you can download is 15 km x 10 km (9.3 miles x 6.2 miles). When you download the map, the online map layer is automatically hidden and the offline map is shown. The downloaded map overwrites any existing offline map, including any GeoTifffile that you have imported. The downloaded map works like any other offline map

–you can zoom into the map to view more detail. Note – You musthave an Internetconnection to use an online map. Ifyou do nothave an Internet connection, add a locally available GeoTifffile to ensureyou have usefulbackground data on the map. 3. To use your own map, add a GeoTifffile that you have prepared earlier using software such as Trimble Business Center software. To do this, click Import. Navigateto the location ofthe file, select it, and then click Open. The map shows the contents ofthe file you selected. 4. To add a KML filethat you have previously downloaded from Google Maps, click Add layer. Tip– To return to the Aerial Imaging screen at any time, click the back arrow nextto Mission Planning.

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## Managing map layers

The map has two default layers: "Online map" and "Grid lines". Layers are displayed on the map in the following order, with the grid at the top:
l Grid lines
l Mission and flight information, including mission area in yellow, avoidance zones in red, and completed flights in green l KML
l Online map l Offline map (either a downloaded version ofthe online map, or an imported GeoTifffile) The online map layer is automatically hidden ifthe offline map layer is shown. To hide a layer, click the icon next to the layer name. You can only hide an online map layer ifyou have an offline map layer. To showa hidden layer, click the icon next to the layer name. To remove a layerthat is no longer required, click the Delete icon next to the layer name. You cannot deletethe "Grid lines" or "Online map" layers, or deletethe completed flights from the map. 

# Defining mission parameters 1. In the Mission Planning screen, select the Mission tab. The Mission tab ofthe Mission Planning screen, with an example mission area, is shown below:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 202. To createthe area to be flown over:

a. Click Define mission area. The cursor changes to cross hairs. b. Drawa polygon overthe mission area on the map, clicking the mouse at each boundary point. To stop drawing, click the Define mission area button again, or click the initial boundary point. Note – The map can contain only one mission area. The software estimates the number offlights needed to coverthe mission area, depending on the size ofthe area. c. To resize and reposition the mission area, movethe boundary points. 3. To create an avoidance zone: a. Click Add avoidance zone. The cursor changes to cross hairs. b. Drawa polygon overthe map, clicking the mouse at each boundary point. To stop drawing, click theAdd avoidance zone button again, or click the initial boundary point. c. To resize and reposition the avoidance zone, movethe boundary points. d. Repeat steps a, b, and cto add as many avoidance zones as required. Note – The mission area and the +/- 200 m (+/- 656ft) requiredfor turnsshould notoverlap any avoidancezones on the map. Ifthe mission area is orange, you mustmove the area outofthe avoidancezone. Tip– To delete the mission area or an avoidance zone, selectthe appropriate polygon on the map and then click Delete selection. 4. Set the ground sample distance (GSD). The default value is 3.2 cm (1.3 "), which is obtained by flying at a height of100 m (328ft). For more information, see GSD and height, page 22. 5. Enterthe image forward and side overlap. The default value is 80%. For more information, see Image forward and side overlap, page 22. 6. The Estimatedflights field indicates the number offlights required to coverthe mission area. Use the number indicated to plan the number offlights, time, and resources needed to completethe mission. During flight planning you can definethe area to be covered in a specific flight. 7. Ifyou are doing the mission planning:
l in the Desktop software, click Exportto export the mission area to a .gwt file for copying to theTablet. For more information, see Exporting the mission from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, page 23. l on theTablet, tap Flightto start planning the flight. For more information, see Defining the flight area, page 43. Tip– To return to the Aerial Imaging screen at any time, click the back arrow nextto Mission Planning.

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## GSD and height

The GSD (ground sample distance) field in the Mission tab specifies the distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The default resolution is 3.2 cm (1.3 "). The smallerthe value in the GSDfield, the more detailed the images. You should always specify a value equal to or smallerthan the resolution required in the final orthophotos, afterthe images are processed. Ifthe value in the GSDfield is largerthan the final resolution required, then the images acquired during the flight will not be detailed enough and the image processing software will need to interpolate additional pixels. This will result in images that do not havethe expected resolution. The GSDfield in the Mission tab and the height at which the UX5 aerial imaging roverflies are linked. The higherthe unmanned aircraft flies, the largerthe distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight: Height GSD Minimum: 75 m (246ft) 2.4 cm (0.9 ") 100 m (328ft) 3.2 cm (1.3 ") 150 m (492 ft) 4.8 cm (1.9 ") Maximum: 750 m (2460ft) 23.9 cm (9.4 ") The value in the GSDfield determines the default height used forflights within that mission. For example, ifyou enter4.8 cm in the GSDfield, the unmanned aircraft will fly at 150 m (492 ft). During flight planning you can adjust the height for each flight, taking into account the specific obstacles and scan area ofthe flight. 

## Image forward and side overlap The default value ofthe overlap between images is 80%. Image overlap can range from 60%to 90%. By default the forward and side overlap values are linked, so that when one value changes, the othervalue changes accordingly. Click the Link overlap icon to "break" the link so that the overlap values can be set independently. Ifyou click the Link overlap icon to re-establish the link, the side overlap takes its value from the forward overlap value. A higher overlap results in:
l better accuracy l a higher density offlight lines on the mission area l a higher number ofimages to process l longer processing times for images
l longerflight duration forthe same area Select the overlap value foryour mission based on the accuracy, flight duration, and the number of images you require.

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# Exporting the mission from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software Note – Thisstep is required ifyou did the mission planning in theAerial Imaging Desktop software. You must complete thisstep so thatyou can importthe mission into theAerial Imaging software on the Tablet. 1. In the Mission tab ofthe Mission Planning screen, click Export. The ExportMission dialog appears. 2. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe mission, enterthe file name and then click Save. The exported mission is saved as a .gwt file in the folderyou selected. 3. Ifthe folderyou exported the mission to is not a network folderthat theTablet can access, transferthe exported mission to a USB stick and then transfer it to theTablet. 4. To import the mission to the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet, see Importing the mission, page 42. 

# Checking flight permissions and conditions In the days beforethe flight, completethe following checks to make surethe flight can proceed. 

## Checking flight permission

l Check ifyou need a permit to operate an unmanned aircraft in the airspace abovethe site.
l Make sure you understand the legal context for safe operation ofan unmanned aircraft.
l Check for existing rules and standards with your local Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA).
l Make sure you have permission from the landowner.
l Make sure you have all other relevant permissions required for photography flights using unmanned aircraft. In some countries you need permission from defense organizations, the police, or a national geography instituteto take pictures. 

## Checking weather

l In the days beforethe flight, check theTVweather broadcast orweatherwebsites. This gives you a good general idea ofthe weatherforthe next threeto four days.
l For more accurate weatherforecasts, consult and interpret aviation weather data through various weatherwebsites. You can also contact the national meteorological office or a local meteorology office at an airport nearby.
l On the day ofthe flight, consult theTerminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and METAR reports. These are meteorological reports used in aviation.

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## Operation limitations

The UX5 aerial imaging rover cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows the acceptable range for different conditions. CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable range stated, the pilot should abort the mission. Flying outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty. Condition Acceptable range Time Between sunrise and sunset Distance from clouds Clear ofclouds and always within line ofsight Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400ft) Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy showers Head wind Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Cross wind Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Gusts Maximum 15 kph (9 mph) Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times Temperature -25°C to +55°C (-13°F to 131°F) (excluding launcher) Maximum launch altitude (AMSL) 4250 m (13,493 ft) Maximum operational ceiling (AMSL) 5000 m (16,400ft) Note – UX5 nottested above2500 m (8202ft). Endurance 50 mins 

## Image acquisition limitations Although the UX5 aerial imaging rover itselfcan cope with heavy weather conditions, the main issue besides safety is the quality ofthe pictures acquired during the flight. The following table shows the maximum values for different weather conditions. CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable maximum value stated, the pilot should abort the mission. Trimble does not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits. Condition Acceptable maximum Precipitation Light rain Wind 50 kph (31 mph)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 24

## Checking the site

Note – When checking thesiteyou should refer to the relevantAIP and NOTAMdocumentsforyour region.
l Identify the airspace and geographic environment ofthe site.
l Check the relevant aviation charts and make surethe flight area is not near any ofthe following areas: l Forbidden airspace
l Airports, airfields (except with prior permission)
l Power plants (except with prior permission)
l Check the relevant aviation charts and take special care around:
l Parachute and parasailingjumping areas l Winch areas l High-pressure gas-releasing units (documented in AIPs or NOTAMs)
l Congested areas (for example, towns)
l Check ifthere are other aerial orground activities planned, for example major public events. 

## Checking the pilot

l Make surethe pilot is certified to operatethe UX5.
l Check ifthe pilot needs any additional permits, such as a remote pilot license, a radio certificate for use ofthe 2-way radio for communication with airtraffic control, and so on. l Be awarethat the pilot has final responsibility forthe operation ofthe UX5 and its components.
l Make surethe pilot is in good condition, both physical and mental.
l Keep log files ofthe pilot hours and equipment used for each flight. 

## Know your safe operating envelope

l Trimble recommends having a crewoftwo peoplethat will control the UX5: the pilot and the observer. They must be able to communicate at all times.Check your CAA regulations to see ifa two-person crew is mandatory.
l Make surethe crew understands the purpose and the phases ofthis particular mission.
l Make surethe crew understands all aspects ofsafe operation ofthe UX5. This includes:
l Understanding all safety precautions described in the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Rover Safety Guide. l Understanding howto handle emergencies during flight.
l Understanding the particular requirements ofthe project and site, including avoidance zones.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 25

# Preparing Equipment

In this chapter:
n Checking the launcher
n Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover n Charging the UX5 batteries
n Charging theTablet batteries
n Charging the camera batteries
n Checking the camera n Pairing the transmitterwith the tracking receiver
n Locating your equipment As part ofyourflight preparation, make sure all equipment is in good condition and well-prepared.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 26 

# 3 CH A P T E R3 Preparing Equipment 

# Checking the launcher 1. Make surethe launch slider is in good condition, and moves freely. Ifit is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 2. Check the launcher cord is not worn, and make surethere is enough elastic in the cord when it is stretched tight. Ifthe cord must be replaced, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Manual. 3. Make surethe launch dock is in good condition. Ifit is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 4. Make surethe launch dock wheels are in good condition and move freely. Ifthey are worn and must be replaced, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Manual. 

# Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover Check the body The body ofthe UX5 must be clean forflight. Dirt and gravel on the body decreases the lift and increases the drag during flight. 1. Clean the body with a damp cloth. CAUTION – Do not use high water pressure or a steel brush to clean the body of the rover. This can damage the surface of the aerial imaging rover and affect the aerodynamics of the aircraft. Always use water and a soft brush. 2. Check the body for cracks. Ifthe body requires repair, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Manual. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 3. Make surethere are no scratches on the camera filter. Ifthe camera filter is damaged, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Manual. 4. Make surethat the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. Ifnot, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it. 5. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera filter. Make surethere are no specks ofmoisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality. Note – Only use wipes thatarespecifically intendedfor cleaning camera lenses.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 273 Preparing Equipment 

## Check the pitot tube The pitot tube must be in perfect condition as it is used to measurethe total air pressure during flight. 1. Ifrequired, removethe pitot clamp. 2. Removethe pitot tube from the eBox.

3. Make surethe tube is not bent or broken. 4. Blow into the tubeto make sure nothing is blocking it. CAUTION – Only blow into the pitot tube after you have removed it from the eBox. Do not blow into the pitot tube when it is connected to the eBox because this will damage the barometric sensors. 5. Ifthe pitot tube is blocked or damaged, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Manual. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the winglets To prevent roll stability issues, the winglets must be firmly attached to the UX5 body. 1. Make surethe winglets are intact. 2. Make sure each winglet is firmly attached with two screws. 3. Ifthe winglets are damaged, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Manual. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 283 Preparing Equipment 

# Charging the UX5 batteries
WARNING – Lithium polymerbatteries are volatile. Failure to read and follow these instructions may result in fire, personal injury, and damage to property if charged or used incorrectly. To prevent injury or damage:

– Use onlythe charger specified to charge the battery.

– If at anytime you witness a battery starting to balloon or swell up, discontinue the charging process immediately. Disconnect the battery and place it in a safe observation area for approximately 15 minutes. Continuing to charge a batterythat has begun to swell will result in fire.

– Charge in an isolated area, away from flammable materials.

– Never leave charging batteries unattended. When charging the batteries you should always remain in constant observation to monitor the charging process and react to potential problems that may occur. WARNING – Always checkthat the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning, and fire hazards. Note – Read the user documentation providedfor the battery charger carefully before using the chargerfor thefirsttime. 

## Removing the battery 1. Removethe top coverfrom the UX5 body. 2. Disconnect the main power connector ofthe battery from the eBox:

3. Removethe battery from the battery compartment ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 293 Preparing Equipment 

## Connecting and charging the battery 1. Connect the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus chargerto one ofthe following:
l 12 Vvehicle battery
l 100–240VAC power supply The charger powers on and displays the following parameters forthe UX5 battery:
l LiPo manual
l C:5.0A6000mAh Note – Ifthe charger does notdisplay the defaultparameters, you mustchange thesettings. For more information, see Battery chargersettings, page88. WARNING – The maximum charging current for the UX5 battery is limited to 5 A. This value must be lower than the maximum permissible current (6 A) for the battery. Incorrect battery charging parameters can destroy your battery and cause it to catch fire or explode. 2. Connect the charge cableto the charger:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 303 Preparing Equipment

3. Connect the balancer connector ofthe battery to the charger:

4. Connect the charger cable ofthe chargerto the power connector on the battery:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 313 Preparing Equipment

5. On the charger, press and hold the Start key fortwo seconds. The battery starts charging. When a battery is fully charged, the charger produces an audible signal and stops charging automatically. At typical room temperature it takes approximately 2 hours to charge a fully depleted battery. Charging time will vary depending on remaining battery life and ambient temperature. Note – Makesureyou charge both UX5 aerialimaging rover batteries before leaving the officefor a flight. Trimble recommends always having a spare,fully-charged battery on hand. 

## Disconnecting the battery 1. Disconnect the charger cable ofthe chargerfrom the power connector on the battery. 2. Disconnect the balancer connector ofthe battery from the charger. 

# Charging the Tablet batteries Install theTablet battery packs and chargethe batteries according to the instructions provided in the Trimble TabletRugged PC User's Manual. Note – Makesureyoufully charge the Tabletbatteries before leaving the officefor aflight. 

# Charging the camera batteries
WARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage. To prevent injury or damage:

– Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.

– Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in the product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the battery charger.

– Never leave charging batteries unattended. Discontinue charging a batterythat gives off extreme heat or a burning odor.

– Use the battery only in the equipment that is specified to use it.

– Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation.

– Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid.

– Do not expose the batteryto fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.

– Do not immerse the battery in water.

– Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.

– Do not drop or puncture the battery. 1. Make surethe camera is turned off. 2. Slidethe battery compartment latch to open it and removethe battery.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 323 Preparing Equipment

3. Insert the battery into the battery charger. 4. Connect the battery chargerto a power source. The charger light turns on, indicating the battery is charging. Charging a fully depleted battery pack at a temperature of25°C (77°F) takes approximately 280 minutes. Charging time will vary depending on remaining battery life and ambient temperature. Ifthe charger light flashes slowly, the battery temperature is outsidethe normal operating range. The charger automatically stops charging until the temperature returns to the normal range. When the temperature returns to normal, the charger resumes charging. 5. Ifthe charger light flashes quickly, this indicates an error. Turn offthe power source and then removethe battery from the charger. Reinsert the battery in the charger and then turn on the power source. 6. When the charger light turns off, the battery is fully charged. Disconnect the chargerfrom the power source and then removethe battery from the charger. 7. Insert the battery into the battery compartment ofthe camera. Note – Makesureyou charge both camera batteries before leaving the officefor aflight. Trimble recommends always having a spare,fully-charged battery on hand. For battery care and storage information, referto the user documentation forthe Sony NEX-5R camera. 

# Checking the camera 1. Make surethere are no scratches on the camera lens. Ifthe camera lens is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 2. Your camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by Trimble. However, before each flight, check the camera screen to make sure it displays the following icons. Note – Thefollowing image does notshow allofthe icons thatappear on the camera screen. Itshows the main icons to check to ensure thatyour camera settings are correctandyou willsuccessfully capture images during theflight. Ifany ofthese icons are notshown, or ifyou believe other camera settings have been changed, adjustthesettings back to thesettings recommended by Trimble. For a listofall applicable camera settings, see Camera settings, page82.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 333 Preparing Equipment

Icon Description and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority.

SD card is inserted. Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 16M; image quality is set to Fine. Recording mode ofmovies is set to 50i FH (the default). Steady shot is set to Off. Battery icon shows 100%. Touch operation is set to Off. Drive mode icon is shown. Metering mode is set to Multi (the default). Focus mode is set to Manual.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 343 Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

Face detection is set to Off. White balance is set to AWB. Note – When using the NIR camera, selectcustom white balance or incandescent. Soft skin detection is set to Off(the default). Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default). Creative style is set to Standard (the default). Smile detection is set to Off. Picture effect is set to Off(the default). Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above. Exposure compensation is set to +/-0.0. ISO is set to Auto.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 353 Preparing Equipment 

# Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver Note – You mustcomplete thisstep only once, before using the UX5 aerialimaging roverfor thefirsttime. To track down the UX5 aerial imaging roverfitted with a transmitter, the transmitter ID must first be stored in the memory ofthe receiver. 1. Press and hold the Power key forthree seconds to turn on the receiver. 2. Press the MENU/OK key to enterthe menu. 3. Use the navigation keys to select TRANSMITTER. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm. 4. Use the navigation keys to select ADD. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm. 5. Use the navigation keys to enterthe missing digits ofthe frequency ofthe transmitter. Confirm each digit using the MENU/OK key. 6. Followthe steps on the screen ofthe receiverto calibratethe transmitter. 7. Oncethe calibration is done, you are prompted to enter a name forthe transmitter. 8. Use the navigation keys to enterthe name you want to use forthe transmitter. Confirm each letter using the MENU/OK key. The receiver is nowable to communicate with the transmitter.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 363 Preparing Equipment 

# Locating your equipment Before you head out to the field: 1. Make surethe flight case contains all ofthe required items. For more information, see Flight case contents, page 11. 2. Ifyou will be doing several flights before returning to the office, make sure you have one ofthe following:
l an external storage device such as a laptop fortransferring images to after each flight
l a USB to SD card readerfortransferring images to theTablet after each flight
l an SD card for each flight Note – Trimble recommends using a SanDisk ExtremeSDHC UHS-Icard with a writespeed of45 MB/and minimum capacity of16 GB. 3. Make surethe launcher bag contains the following items:
l safety pin
l launch dock with lock pin
l V-support
l crank
l launch slide with elastics

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 37

# Completing a Flight

In this chapter:
n Visit the site to check for obstacles
n Dealing with sudden weather changes
n Importing the mission
n Defining the flight area n Setting the flight parameters
n Completing the pre-flight checklist
n Monitoring the flight
n Landing the UX5
n Completing the post-flight checklist
n Exporting the mission
n Disassembling the launcher This chapter describes the tasks required in the field to complete a successful flight with good image data.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 38 

# 4 CH A P T E R4 Completing a Flight 

# Visit the site to check for obstacles Afewdays beforethe flight, visit the flight area to:
l Define a good takeoffand landing location.
l Check for obstacles in the flight area. Obstacles are objects such as trees, buildings, antennas, power lines, and waterthat the UX5 could fly into or land on. l Make sure you will be able to maintain a visual line ofsight to the UX5 throughout the flight. Note – Payspecial attention during takeoffand landing. Mostissues occur during thesephases oftheflight. 

## Obstacle clearances for takeoff

l Within the first 50 m (164ft), there must be a clear area free ofobstacles within 30° to the left and right ofthe launch direction.

l No obstacles at all must appearwithin the first 50 m (164ft) ofthe launch direction.
l Within 280 m (919ft) ofthe launch direction, obstacles must not appear abovethe safety line determined by a 15° safety angle.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 394 Completing a Flight 

## Obstacle clearances for cruise flight During cruise flight, no obstacles must appear between the cruise flight height and 25 m (82 ft) below it:



## Obstacle clearances for descent When entering the landing orbit, no obstacles must appearwith a 300 m (984ft) radius ofthe center ofthe orbit. Oncethe UX5 has descended 25 m from the cruise flight height, the required obstaclefree area has a radius of150 m (462 ft).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 404 Completing a Flight 

## Obstacle clearances for landing Once you confirm the landing, the UX5 starts the final leg ofthe landing.
l No obstacles must appear between the final leg ofthe landing and 15 m below it.

l Along the final leg ofthe landing, there must be a clear area free ofobstacles within 15 m to the left and right ofthe landing direction.

l The landing location must be a 50 m x 30 m area clear ofany obstacles.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 414 Completing a Flight 

# Dealing with sudden weather changes On the day ofthe flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable forflight. Pay particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed. Ifthere are sudden weather changes before or during the flight, you must act quickly. Different weather changes and the recommended action are described below. Weather change Action The wind direction changes while you are completing the pre-flight checklist, but before launch. Ifrequired, reposition the launcher and updatethe takeoffwind direction and the landing direction in the flight plan. One ofthe following weather phenomena occurs before or during the flight:
l Strong wind
l Heavy rain, hail
l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind ofwhirlwind
l Thunder and lightening
l Snow Cancel the flight. Ifthe UX5 is in the air, land as quickly as possible.



# Importing the mission Note – Thisstep is required ifyou did the mission planning in theAerial Imaging Desktop software and then exported the mission so thatyou can view iton the Tablet. 1. In theAerialImaging screen on theTablet, tap Import. 2. Navigateto the location ofthe .gwt file you exported from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software (see Exporting the mission from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, page 23), select it and then tap Open. The mission you imported appears in the mission list and the mission map appears. 3. Select the mission and then tap Open. 4. Reviewthe mission plan and make any changes to the mission plan, ifrequired. 5. In the Mission tab ofthe Mission Planning screen, tap Flightto start planning the flight. For more information, see Defining the flight area, page 43.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 424 Completing a Flight 

# Defining the flight area TheArea tab ofthe FlightPlanning screen enables you to select the flight you will complete. The software estimates the total flight time needed to coverthe mission area. The estimated flight time does not includethe timeto get to and from the takeoffand landing locations, becausethese are not yet defined. The map shows the mission area in yellow, and the flight(s) required to cover the mission area appear as a blue rectangle. Any completed flights are shown in green. The red flight lines overthe scan area indicatethe direction the UX5 will fly across the scan area. The unmanned aircraft always flies perpendicularto the prevailing wind direction. By default, the prevailing wind direction is a northerly wind. North is located at the top ofthe map. Tip– To return to the Mission Planning screen at any time, click the back arrow nextto Flight Planning. TheArea tab ofthe FlightPlanning screen, for an example flight, is shown below:

1. To select a flight, tap the flight in the flight list or on the map. The selected flight is highlighted. 2. Updatethe prevailing wind direction to match the current conditions: a. Tap the wind direction arrows forthe selected flight and drag them so that they indicate the current direction ofthe wind at the site. The scan area and the flight lines rotate accordingly. Note – To ensuresmooth turns and limited headwind and tailwind duringflight, itis importantto correctly indicate theprevailing wind direction.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 434 Completing a Flight

b. Ifthe scan area changes to orange, it indicates that the scan area orthe additional +/- 200 m (+/- 656ft) required forturns overlaps an avoidance zone. Ifthe scan area is orange, resizethe scan area by clicking and dragging the corners, or move it away from the avoidance zone. 3. Check the estimated flight duration forthe selected flight. Ifthe flight duration is shown in red, resizethe flight area on the map until the estimated flight duration is below50 minutes. 4. The GSD and Heightfields showthe values entered forthe mission. Ifrequired, edit the height for image acquisition forthe flight, taking into account specific obstacles in the scan area. Images are not acquired until the unmanned aircraft climbs to the specified height. The value you enter in the Heightfield affects the GSD obtained forthe images. For more information, see GSD and height, page 22. 5. When you have finished making your changes, tap the Parameters tab. Tips for managing completed flights:

l To repeat a completed flight, select the flight in the list and then tap the Redo icon . Redoing a flight does not overwritethe flight data from the previous flight instance. You can see and select each set offlight data in the Exportwizard when you export the data for processing.
l To delete a completed flight, select the flight in the list and then tap the Delete icon . This removes the flight data stored on theTablet forthis flight, but not the images forthe flight.
l Ifyou have not downloaded the log file for a flight, tap the Download Log File icon . The post-flight checklist appears.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 444 Completing a Flight 

# Setting the flight parameters The Parameters tab ofthe FlightPlanning screen enables you to definethe takeoffand landing parameters forthe flight you selected in theArea tab ofthe FlightPlanning screen. The Parameters tab ofthe FlightPlanning screen, for an example flight, is shown below:

1. To use the last used takeoffand landing locations, tap Previous locations and then go to step 4 below. Otherwise, go to step 2. 2. To set the takeofflocation: a. Physically go to the takeofflocation with yourTablet. b. When you reach the location, tap Takeoff. An icon appears on the map. The arrow next to it indicates the takeoff direction. By default this is into the prevailing wind direction set in theArea tab. Note –Always try to takeoffinto the wind. Thisprevents a higher launch speed and a higher risk of launchfailures. c. Ifrequired, tap the arrowand rotate it to changethe takeoffdirection and avoid any obstacles. 3. To set the landing location: a. Physically go to the landing location with yourTablet. b. When you reach the location, tap Landing.
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 454 Completing a Flight

An icon appears on the map. The arrow next to it indicates the landing direction. By default this is into the prevailing wind direction set in theArea tab. Note –Always try to land into the wind. Thisprevents a higher landing speed and a higher risk of damage to the UX5. c. Ifrequired, tap the arrowand rotate it to changethe landing heading and avoid any obstacles. Alternatively, enterthe heading in the Land heading field. WARNING – Always take care to select a landing location and heading free of obstacles. In windy conditions, large obstacles in the approach line can result in undershoots close to the edge of the safety zone. d. Ifrequired, set the landing height offset. Valid values are from -25 m to +25 m. A negative value means that the landing location is lowerthan the takeofflocation. The default value is 0 m, which means that the takeoffand landing locations are at the same height. 4. Set the landing orientation to use a left turn or a right turn, depending on which turning direction provides bettervisibility and is furthest away from any obstacles. 5. To simulatethe flight, tap Simulate. For more information, see Simulating the flight plan, page 46. 6. To start the pre-flight checklist, tap Checklist. Tip– To return to the Mission Planning screen at any time, click the back arrow nextto Flight Planning. 

## Simulating the flight plan After creating a flight plan,you can simulatethe flight plan to check the following items:
l The unmanned aircraft uses the correct takeoffdirection.
l The flight height, route, and turns used are all correct.
l The unmanned aircraft does not enter any avoidance zones. l The unmanned aircraft uses the correct landing circuit.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 464 Completing a Flight 

# Completing the pre-flight checklist 1. In the Parameters tab ofthe FlightPlanning screen, tap Checklist. The pre-flight checklist opens. 2. Use each step ofthe pre-flight checklist to preparethe equipment forflight. The pre-flight checklist guides you through each step. Note – More information aboutthesteps thatrequirespecialcare is given in thefollowing sections. Read thesesections carefully untilyou arefamiliar with allofthe tasks required to perform thesesteps. l Connecting the GCS, page 48
l Connecting the battery, page 48
l Preparing the camera, page 48
l Inserting the trackertransmitter, page 49
l Attaching the top cover, page 49
l Covering the pitot tube, page 49
l Checking the elevon trim, page 49
l Checking the elevon response, page 49
l Preparing the launcher, page 50
l Transmitting the flight plan, page 55
l Initializing, page 55
l Removing the pitot cover, page 56
l Checking the airspeed response, page 56
l Positioning the propellers, page 56
l Arming the system, page 56
l Launching the UX5, page 57

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 474 Completing a Flight 

## Connecting the GCS When you reach this step in the pre-flight checklist, the software automatically checks to see ifthe modem is already connected. Ifthe modem is not connected, the message "Attach the modem and antenna on the ground control station" is displayed. Do the following: 1. Attach the antenna to the modem. 2. Attach the modem and antenna to the back oftheTablet, underthe handstrap. 3. Insert the modem cable into the USB port on theTablet. 4. Tap Nextto prompt the softwareto check ifthe modem is connected. When the connection to the modem is established, the software automatically moves to the next step in the pre-flight checklist. 

## Connecting the battery Ifyou have not yet connected the battery: 1. Insert a fully charged battery into the battery compartment ofthe unmanned aircraft. 2. Connect the main power connector on the battery to the power connector ofthe eBox. The eBoxemits an audible sound to confirm that the battery is connected and the eBoxstarts booting up. When the eBox has completed booting up, the Next button is enabled. Note – Ifafter thisstep you areprompted to update the eBoxfirmware, see Update checklist, page 75. 

## Preparing the camera 1. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera lens. Make surethere are no specks ofmoisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality. Note – Only use wipes thatarespecifically intendedfor cleaning camera lenses. 2. Make surethe camera filter in the UX5 body is also clean and that the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. Ifnot, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it. 3. Turn on the camera and check the camera screen to make sure it displays the icons described in Checking the camera, page 33.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 484 Completing a Flight

4. Make surethe lens settings are as follows: Setting Value Notes Aperture ring f/4.5 Focus ring 3+ m This is set and calibrated by the manufacturer and must not change.

Foryour reference, this position corresponds with the white dot appearing belowthe right edge ofthe red 0 in the 10ft mark. 5. Insert the camera into the payload bay ofthe unmanned aircraft. 6. In the Aerial Imaging software, tap theTake picture button. Make surethat you hearthe trigger sound from the camera. 

## Inserting the tracker transmitter 1. Turn on the trackertransmitter. 2. Make surethat you can hearthe transmitter using the tracker receiver. 3. Insert the trackertransmitter into the body ofthe unmanned aircraft. 

## Attaching the top cover Attach the top coverto the unmanned aircraft and make sure it is secure. 

## Covering the pitot tube Put the pitot tube cover on the pitot tube. Check theAirspeedfield in the Aerial Imaging software and make surethe current airspeed is below 20 kph (12.4 mph). 

## Checking the elevon trim Make surethat the outboard elevons are leveled with the inboard elevons (the inboard elevons are fixed). The accuracy should be about 1 mm. 

## Checking the elevon response Watch the elevons on the unmanned aircraft and make surethey move in responseto the signals sent from the Aerial Imaging software.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 494 Completing a Flight 

## Preparing the launcher Step 1: Assemble the launcher 1. Unfold the launch slide. CAUTION – Take care when unfolding the launch slide as there are sharp edges that can cause finger cuts. 2. Secure each section ofthe launch slide by lifting the appropriate handle and hooking it into the next section ofthe launch slide. Closethe handles.

3. Unfold and securethe V-support with the lock pin.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 504 Completing a Flight

4. To attach the V-support to the launch slide, make surethe knob is pointing to the left and then insert the V-support pins in the reserved holes, situated approximately 2/3 ofthe length ofthe launch slide. Turn the knob to the right to tighten.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 514 Completing a Flight 

## Step 2: Attach launcher cord and launch dock 1. Pull the ends ofthe launcher cord out ofthe launch slide so that the cord lies on top ofthe launcher slide. Note – Ifthe launcher cord is blocked while the elastics are nottightened, pull the release handles upward to unblock them. CAUTION – Never push the release handles when there is tension on the launcher cord. You will damage the elastics. If there is tension on the cord, insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end of the launcher and use the crankto very gently release the force. At the same time, pull the release handles gently upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counterclockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

2. Position the launch dock on the end ofthe launch slide with the arrows pointing in the direction oflaunch.

3. Slidethe launch dock overthe ends ofthe launcher cord.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 524 Completing a Flight

4. To attach the ends ofthe launcher cord to the launch dock, removethe lock pin from the launch dock and then slidethe lock pin through the holes in the launch dock, attaching the ends ofthe launch cord as you do so. Securethe lock pin.

5. Slidethe launch dock overthe launch hook at the beginning ofthe launch slide, making sure the launch dock clicks into position. Make surethe trigger is not blocked. 6. Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.

WARNING – Always keep the safety pin inserted in the launch dock. Remove the safety pin onlyjust before launch. Early removal of the launch pin can result in accidental release of the launcher, causing serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 aerial imaging rover or launcher. CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 aerial imaging rover sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 aerial imaging rover sitting on the launch dock.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 534 Completing a Flight 

## Step 3: Tighten the launcher cord elastics 1. Position the launcher at the planned takeofflocation, with the launch direction pointing into takeoffdirection you have indicated in the software. 2. Insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end ofthe launch slide. 3. Stretch the launcher cord using the crank. In normal circumstances, the node between the cord and elastic should be in the middle ofthe hole where numbered "4" on the launcher.

CAUTION – The launcher cord stretches with every launch. When you can easily reach the last hole when tightening the cord, replace the launcher cord to prevent unsuccessful launches and damage to the launcher or the aerial imaging rover. For more information, refer to the Trimble UX5Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Manual.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 544 Completing a Flight 

## Step 4: Place the UX5 onto the launcher 1. Position the unmanned aircraft at the front ofthe launch dock and use yourfingertips to guide the launcher slats on the underside ofthe unmanned aircraft onto the lips ofthe launch dock.

WARNING – Take care to ensure the aerial imaging rover is correctly positioned on the launch dock. An incorrect position can result in launch failure, causing serious personal injury and damage to the rover or launcher. 2. Use the artificial horizon indicator in the Aerial Imaging softwareto check the pitch and roll of the aerial imaging rover on the launch dock. The pitch angle should be between 20° and 30° and the roll angle should be between -5° and 5°. The horizon should be positioned parallel to the aerial imaging rover on the artificial horizon indicator. Ifyou need to adjust the horizon, reposition the launcher. 

## Transmitting the flight plan This step appears only ifthe software is still transmitting the flight plan to the eBox. Iftransmission ofthe flight plan is already complete, this step does not appear. The Next button is available once flight plan transmission is complete. 

## Initializing At this step in the pre-flight checklist, the eBox initializes. It must acquire lock on at least 4 usable GPS satellites. The GPS receiver in the eBox determines the usability ofthe satellites, based on the characteristics ofeach satellite.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 554 Completing a Flight 

## Removing the pitot cover Removethe coverfrom the pitot tube. 

## Checking the airspeed response Press and hold the pitot tube for no morethan 5 seconds. Make surethat the current airspeed shown in theAirspeedfield in the status panel ofthe Aerial Imaging software changes. 

## Positioning the propellers 1. Check the position ofthe propellers on the unmanned aircraft and make surethey are pointing backward as shown in the Aerial Imaging software. 2. Ifthe propellers are not positioned correctly, carefully adjust them. WARNING – Always take care when touching the propeller blades. If the unmanned aircraft receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury. 

## Arming the system This step ofthe pre-flight checklist shows a summary ofthe system status.

To arm the system, tap Arm.
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 564 Completing a Flight 

## Launching the UX5 1. To removethe safety pin, position yourselfbehind the launcher, reach carefully underthe unmanned aircraft and then pull out the safety pin. WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. If the unmanned aircraft receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury. 2. Just before launch, perform the following safety checks: a. Make surethere are no aerial objects insidethe zone ofoperation. b. Locatethe unmanned aircraft on theTablet screen. c. Make sure both crew members have a clear line ofsight to the unmanned aircraft. d. Make surethere are no obstacles or people nearthe front ofthe launcher. WARNING – Make sure you complete each of the safety checks listed at this step. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the unmanned aircraft or launcher. 3. When you have made surethat everything is clear in front of, above, and behind the launcher, stand behind the launcher and press the launch handleto launch the unmanned aircraft. CAUTION – Never launch without the unmanned aircraft sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the unmanned aircraft sitting on the launch dock. 4. Ifan obstacle such as a person or animal suddenly appears in the obstacle clearance zone during takeoff

, tap the FTS button in the Aerial Imaging software. The unmanned aircraft immediately powers down and returns to the ground. For more information, see Emergency software commands, page 63. 5. After launch, releasethe tension on the launcher cord. Leaving tension on the launcher cord for extended periods can damagethe elastics. To releasethe tension, releasethe force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles in the front ofthe launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwiseto

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 574 Completing a Flight

counteract the force on the elastics.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 584 Completing a Flight 

# Monitoring the flight
CAUTION – It is your responsibilityto take action during flight when the safety of the UX5 aerial imaging rover or its surroundings is compromised. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the unmanned aircraft at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the unmanned aircraft and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Keep an eye on changing weather conditions.

– Locate the unmanned aircraft on the Tablet screen.

– Monitor the flight telemetry on the Tablet screen. For information on the appropriate action to take ifyou see an oncoming aerial object at any point during the flight, see Handling emergencies during flight, page 61. Aftertakeoff, the UX5 aerial imaging rover climbs to the specified cruise height. Oncethe unmanned aircraft has passed its first waypoint, the second waypoint is initiated. From this point, the unmanned aircraft follows the preprogrammed flight path. The Flightscreen with an example flight is shown below:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 594 Completing a Flight

You must use the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet to monitorthe unmanned aircraft during the entire flight:
l The trajectory ofthe unmanned aircraft on the map must be closeto the programmed flight path.
l Monitorthe strength ofthe communication link (COM bar).
l Monitorthe number ofusable satellites (GPS bar).
l Monitorthe level ofpower in the battery. In the BAT barthe value is expressed as a percentage. In the Battery Timefield, the value is expressed as time remaining in minutes and seconds.
l Comparethe actual flight height with the desired flight height set during mission and flight planning.
l Comparethe actual airspeed with the desired airspeed, which is 80 kph (49 mph) during cruise flight. The actual airspeed can be higherthan the desired speed when the UX5 is coping with a high head wind. The maximum airspeed is 90 kph (56 mph).
l Monitorthe throttle. The throttle should be around 30% during cruise flight in normal conditions.
l Monitorthe software for in-flight warnings and errors such as loss ofGPS lock and loss of communication link. For more information on these warnings and the appropriate action to take, see Failsafes during flight, page 60 and Errors and warnings, page 75. 

## Failsafes during flight The following failsafe mechanisms activate when a technical issue occurs that reduces the safe behavior ofthe unmanned aircraft:
l Loss ofGPS lock during flight
l Loss ofcommunication link during flight These mechanisms also trigger a notification on theTablet, describing the issue. 

## Loss of GPS lock during flight Ifthe unmanned aircraft does not receive GPS communications for a period of4seconds, then the following automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated: 1. The unmanned aircraft banks at an angle of25° while orbiting at its current location for 20 seconds. Ifthe unmanned aircraft successfully reacquires GPS lock, then it flies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing sequence. 2. Ifthe unmanned aircraft is unableto reacquire GPS lock, then it activates the Flight Termination System (FTS). During FTS: a. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph). b. The unmanned aircraft orbits down in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 604 Completing a Flight

height of7 m (23 ft). Note – During FTS withoutGPS lock, the unmanned aircraftattempts to circle butthe outcome is ellipticalcircles as the unmanned aircraftissubjectto wind drift. c. The unmanned aircraft levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground. 

## Loss of communication link during flight Ifthe unmanned aircraft does not receive a communication packet forthe time specified in the Communication timeoutfield in theSettings screen, or ifthe communication link is poor and communication packets are being received intermittently, then the unmanned aircraft flies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing sequence. Unlike a normal landing, you are not prompted to confirm landing beforethe final leg ofthe landing. Ifcommunication resumes during this automaticfailsafe mechanism, the unmanned aircraft continues the landing sequence. 

## Handling emergencies during flight The most common emergencies involve another aircraft entering the vicinity at approximately the same height as the UX5. Different scenarios and recommended actions to ensure safe operation of the UX5 are described below. For all scenarios, you must assess the situation beforetaking action. Take into account your location (that is, the location ofthe GCS) and the current location, course, and speed ofthe UX5 and the intruding aircraft. Note – For any ofthescenarios described below, ifthesituation is too critical(for example,fastmoving aircraft) tap the FTS button and when prompted confirm Flight Termination System (FTS) activation to immediatelyabort theflight andputthe UX5 in an orbittoward the ground. Scenario Action When the other aircraft has left the vicinity... The approaching aircraft will not cross theflight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap Hold, Home, Right, or Fly to to movethe UX5 to a safe position. Tap Resumeto continue mapping. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft and the UX5 are converging. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap Fly to to movethe UX5 to a safe position. Tap Resumeto continue mapping. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft is diverging from the flight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap Fly to, Right, or Hold to move the UX5 to a safe position. Tap Resumeto continue mapping.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 614 Completing a Flight

Scenario Action When the other aircraft has left the vicinity... The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft is intercepting the flight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap Fly to, Right, or Hold to move the UX5 to a safe position. Tap Resumeto continue mapping.
The approaching aircraft is approaching the UX5 head-on. 1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap Rightto movethe UX5 to a safe position. Tap Resumeto continue mapping. The approaching aircraft intends to land. A landing aircraft has priority over an UX5

at all times. Never assumethat the aircraft has noticed the UX5. Takethe necessary safety measures depending on the situation. Tap Resumeto continue mapping.
Occasionally other objects such as birds enterthe zone ofoperation. Assess the situation and try to avoid collisions using the methods described above. Ifa collision does occur, immediately press the FTS button in the Aerial Imaging software and ifprompted, confirm FTS activation to abort the flight. Oncethe UX5 has landed, carefully check equipment for damage.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 624 Completing a Flight 

## Emergency software commands The MonitorFlightscreen ofthe Aerial Imaging software provides several buttons that enable you to manually interrupt the pre-programmed flight plan whilethe unmanned aircraft is in the air. Use these commands to take evasive action ifrequired. Note – Tapping any button in thisscreen overrides anyprevious command. Note – The only button available when the UX5 is below 50 m (164ft) during takeoffis the FTS button. None ofthe buttons in thisscreen are available when the UX5 is in thefinalleg ofthe landing. 

## Land Use the Land button when the flight must be terminated and there is time and space for a preplanned landing. When you tap Land, the unmanned aircraft immediately terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing sequence. It flies at cruise height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984ft) from the landing location. It starts circling downward in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of75 m (246ft). To releasethe Land command, tap Resume. The unmanned aircraft returns to the start ofthe flight line it was on when the flight plan was interrupted, and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. To completethe landing, tap Confirm. The unmanned aircraft finishes its current circle until it reaches the point where it first started circling and then it starts the final leg ofthe landing. 

## Fly to Use the Fly to button to movethe unmanned aircraft from its current position to a location you choose. To enablethe Fly to button, tap the location on the map that you want the unmanned aircraft to moveto. Tap Fly to. The unmanned aircraft flies to the specified location and then orbits there at the cruise flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. When in the Fly to pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft). To releasethe Fly to command, tap Resume. The unmanned aircraft returns to the height it was at beforethe Fly to pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. Note – Ifyou tap the map again while the unmanned aircraftis in the Fly to pattern, the Resume button changes back to Fly to. You musttap Fly to again and the UX5 willfly to the new location on the map. 

## Hold Use the Hold button when another aircraft in the vicinity is observed.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 634 Completing a Flight

When you tap Hold, the unmanned aircraft begins orbiting its current location at the cruise flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. When in the Hold pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft). To release Hold, tap Resume. The unmanned aircraft returns to the height it was at beforethe Hold pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

## Home Use the Home button when the unmanned aircraft must be removed from the general area of mapping and you want to have it within close sight. When you tap Home, the unmanned aircraft immediately flies to the location ofthe ground control station (GCS) orthe last known location and orbits there at the cruise flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. When in the Home pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft). To release Home, tap Resume. The unmanned aircraft returns to the height it was at beforethe Home pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

## Right Use the Right button when you want to movethe unmanned aircraft away from its current position but have it closeto its current location. When you tap Right, the unmanned aircraft flies 300 m (984ft) to the right ofthe current heading and then orbits there at the cruise flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. When in the Right pattern, you can adjust the unmanned aircraft's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higher than 750 m (2460ft). . To releasethe Right command, tap Resume. The unmanned aircraft returns to the height it was at beforethe Right pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

## FTS Activatethe Flight Termination System (FTS) when the UX5 aerial imaging rover must be removed from the air as quickly as possible. The FTS button can be used during takeoff, cruise flight, and landing. To activatethe FTS, tap FTS and ifprompted, confirm FTS activation.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 644 Completing a Flight

The unmanned aircraft immediately aborts the flight. During cruise flight, this involves: 1. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph). 2. The unmanned aircraft orbits down in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of 7 m (23 ft). 3. The unmanned aircraft levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground. Ifyou activate FTS when the unmanned aircraft is at a height ofless than 25 m (82 ft)–that is, during takeoffor landing–then the unmanned aircraft slows to 60 kph (37 mph) and flies downward in a straight line at the current heading until it glides to the ground. 

## Dealing with a crash Acrash is an accident associated with the operation ofan aircraft in which:
l a person is fatally or seriously injured
l the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure
l the aircraft is missing or completely inaccessible Note –A landing on the intended landing site resulting in a damaged aircraftcannotbeseen as a crash, exceptifthere is damage to another object. 1. Ifa crash occurs which causes injuries or death, you must: a. Contact the emergency services. b. Help where necessary, without risking your own life. c. Make a perimeter around the accident. Make sure no evidence disappears. d. Notify your civil aviation authority (CAA). 2. Ifa crash occurs which causes damageto another object: a. Contact the emergency services when necessary (for example, ifgas, electricity, orwater supplies are affected). b. Contact the owners ofthe object that is hit. c. Notify your civil aviation authority. 3. Take pictures ofthe crash site. Download the data files from the GCS and send all data and pictures to yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 654 Completing a Flight 

# Landing the UX5
CAUTION – It is your responsibilityto ensure the safety of the unmanned aircraft during landing. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the unmanned aircraft at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the unmanned aircraft and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Locate the unmanned aircraft on the Tablet screen. WARNING – Make sure there are no people or obstacles near the landing zone. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the rover. After passing the last waypoint on the scan lines, the UX5 terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing sequence. It flies at cruise height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984ft) from the landing location. It starts circling downward in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of75 m (246ft). It keeps circling in left or right circles, depending on the direction specified in the Aerial Imaging software, until you tap Confirm. To completethe landing, tap Confirm. The aerial imaging roverfinishes its current circle until it reaches the point where it first started circling and then it starts the final leg ofthe landing. The image belowshows the landing circuit using a landing orientation set to right turns.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 664 Completing a Flight 

## Locating the UX5 after landing Ifthe UX5 has landed somewhere in the field and you are not ableto visually locate it, you can track it using the tracking system receiver. 1. On the receiver, press and hold the On/Off key forthree seconds to power on the receiver. 2. Press the Menu/OK key to enterthe menu. 3. Select the transmitteryou want to track down using the Scan key and then press the Menu/OK key to confirm. 4. Fold out the four antennas on the receiver and then placethe receiver on the palm ofyour hand, taking care not to touch any ofthe antennas. 5. Increasethe gain as much as possible using the Increase key. 6. To pick up the first signal pulses, hold the receiver in front ofyou at high level and slowly turn 360°, scanning the horizon with the antenna. Tip– Make sure the internal antenna is selected. The range ofthe receiver is wider ifyou track from an elevation. Always hold the receiver in front ofyou so thatthe receiver can distinguish between incoming signals from the front and the back. Each received signal pulse and its strength are shown on the transmitter bar/received signal strength indicator and indicated with an audible signal. 7. Scan the area to determinethe direction with the highest signal strength. Ifthe signal strength is the same in all directions, reducethe gain using the Decrease key until the received signal strength is halfthe transmitter bar and then repeat the scan. 8. Followthe determined direction. Repeat the scan at intervals to verify the direction you need to head in to locatethe aerial imaging rover. Note – Ifyou experience difficultiesfinding the roverfollowing one direction, try doing thescanfrom a differentlocation and locating the cross-section between the new andpreviouslyfound direction. For more information on using the tracker system, referto the user documentation forthe trackertransmitter and receiver. 

# Completing the post-flight checklist 1. Afterthe UX5 has successfully landed, tap Finish flight. 2. A message warns that the UX5 should be on the ground. Do one ofthe following:
l Tap No to cancel the post-flight checklist.
l Tap Yes. The UX5 goes into standby mode and the post-flight checklist appears. 3. Removethe download port cap from the eBoxand then attach the download cableto the eBox and the modem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 674 Completing a Flight

4. Click Next. The software detects the cable connection and automatically starts downloading the log files from the eBoxto theTablet. Note – Ifthere is an issue with the cable connection, thepost- flightchecklistreturns to theprevious screen. Detach and then reattach the cable and then click Next. 5. When prompted, disconnect the download cable and then reattach the download port cap to the eBox. 6. When prompted, removethe camera from the unmanned aircraft and make surethe number ofcaptured images shown on the camera is the same as the number ofcaptured images shown in the Aerial Imaging software. Note – Ifyou have imagesfrom more than oneflighton the camera, you may need to remove theSD cardfrom the camera, insertitinto the Tablet, and then use Windows Explorer to navigate to the correct folder on theSD card to view the number ofimages takenfor theflight. To do thisyou willneed a USB to SD card reader or an externalstorage device. For more information, see Locating your equipment, page 37. 7. Tap Finish to closethe post-flight checklist and return to the Mission Planning screen. 

# Exporting the mission Although you can use the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet to analyze and export the flight for processing, it will typically be done in the office using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. To be able to do this you must export the mission from the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet. 1. In the Mission Planning screen, click Export. The ExportMission dialog appears. 2. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe mission. IftheTablet cannot access a network folder, then insert a USB stick and then navigateto a folder on the USB stick. 3. Enterthe file name and then click Save. The exported mission is saved as a .gwt file in the folderyou selected.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 684 Completing a Flight 

# Disassembling the launcher 1. Ifyou have not yet released the tension on the launcher cord, then do so now. To releasethe tension, releasethe force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles in the front ofthe launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwiseto counteract the force on the elastics.

2. Removethe lock pin on the launch dock and detach the launcher cord. 3. Using the crank, tighten the launcher cord so that most ofthe cord is in the launch slide but the end remains out. 4. Slidethe launch dock offthe front ofthe launch slide. 5. To detach the V-support, turn the knob upward and then slidethe pins out ofthe holes in the launch slide. Removethe lock pin on the V-support to fold the legs and then reinsert the lock pin. CAUTION – Take care when folding the V-support legs not tojam or cut fingers. 6. Open the handle fixes on the launch slide and fold the launch slide. 7. Return the following items to the launcher bag:
l safety pin
l launch dock with lock pin
l V-support
l crank
l launch slide with elastics For more information, see Locating your equipment, page 37.

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# Analysis and Export

In this chapter:
n Transferring the images
n Importing the mission to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software
n Exporting flight data for processing

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# 5 CH A P T E R5 Analysis and Export 

# Transferring the images Note – Ifyou already transferred the imagesfrom the camera to an externalstorage device in thefield, then transfer the imagesfrom thatdevice to a location on the computer running theAerial Imaging Desktop software, or to a networklocation. Ifyou have not already transferred the images from the camera: 1. When you return to the office, removethe SD card from the camera. 2. Insert the SD card into an office computer and then transferthe images from the SD card to a location on the computer or a network location. 3. Deletethe images from the SD card. 4. Replacethe SD card in the camera. 

# Importing the mission to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 1. Start the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. 2. In theAerialImaging screen, tap Import. 3. Navigateto the location ofthe .gwt file, select it and then tap Open. The mission you imported and the flights in that mission are listed and the mission map appears.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 715 Analysis and Export 

# Exporting flight data for processing Note – You can exportflightdatafrom theAerial Imaging Desktop software, orfrom theAerial Imaging software on the Tablet, ifyou have copied the images to the Tablet. 1. In theAerialImaging screen, make surethe correct mission is selected. 2. Click Export. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the format to export to:
l To process the flight data usingTrimble Business Center software, select the .jxl option.
l To process the flight data using other processing software, select the .csv option. 4. Click Next. 5. Select the flight to export and then select the folderwhere you have stored the images forthat flight. The summary at the bottom ofthe windowshows you the number ofcamera triggers in the flight log file and the number ofimages in the selected image folder. Ifthese numbers do not correspond, you havethe option to correct it using the Aerial Imaging software. For each scan line the software matches the shutter commands with the number of images. Note – Thefiles mustbe corrected before exporting to Trimble Business Center. Ifthere are: l too many images, first check the image folder and make sure it does not contain images from a different flight. Then select the option to automatically correct the files. For scan lines that have more images than shutter commands, the extra images are dropped at the end ofthe scan line, regardless ofwhere in the scan line the extra images occurred.
l not enough images, you may need to repeat the flight. Ifthe number ofmissing or additional images is not large, select the option to automatically correct the files. For scan lines that have more shutter commands than images, the extra shutter commands are dropped at the end ofthe scan line, regardless ofwhere in the scan line the extra shutter commands occurred. Note – Ifthere are more than three images missing, Trimble recommendsperforming theflight again. Ifthe missing images are notdue to obvious reasonssuch as a depleted camera battery duringflight, an SD card with incorrectspecifications (see Locating your equipment, page37 ), or incorrectcamera settings, contactyour Trimble distributor. A message appears, showing the correction results. 6. Click Next. 7. Enter a file name forthe exported flight data and then click Save.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 725 Analysis and Export

By default the exported file is stored in the same folder as the images forthe flight. This is required for processing .jxl files usingTrimble Business Center. 8. Click Finish to closethe Exportwizard.

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# Troubleshooting

In this chapter:
n Update checklist
n Errors and warnings
n Landing issues
n Technical support

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# 6 CH A P T E R6 Troubleshooting 

# Update checklist The Aerial Imaging software performs a firmware version check when the connection between the GCS and the UX5 is established during the pre-flight checklist procedure. Iffirmware updates are available you are prompted to perform an update. 1. Do one ofthe following:
l To dismiss the update checklist and continue with the pre-flight checklist, tap No. l To start the firmware update, tap Yes. The update checklist appears. 2. When prompted, attach the modem. Tap Nextto updatethe modem firmware. 3. When prompted, connect the download cable. Tap Nextto updatethe eBoxfirmware. 4. The eboxfirmware update consists ofseveral automatic steps. When the firmware has finished updating, disconnect the download cable from the eBoxand the modem. The software returns to the FlightPlanning screen. 

# Errors and warnings This topic describes error messages orwarnings may appear. Use the table belowthe messageto take appropriate action. Ifthe problem persists, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Low battery level If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM Replacethe battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the

pre-flight checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Replacethe battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the pre-flight checklist. In-flight Ifthe landing location is not too farfrom the location ofthe UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, tap Land. Otherwise, tap FTS.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 756 Troubleshooting 

## Loss of GPS lock If the message appears Then... Pre-Flight, before ARM You will not be ableto ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-Flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight The automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 60. 

## Communication loss If the message appears Then... Pre-Flight, before ARM You will not be ableto ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-Flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight The automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 60. 

## Autopilot errors Any Autopilot errors, including:
l Autopilot error 2: airspeed disconnected
l Autopilot error 3: old params l Autopilot error4: params uninit
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 766 Troubleshooting

l Autopilot error 8: altimeter zero l Autopilot error 9: pitch range l Autopilot error 10: pitch zero l Autopilot error 12: roll zero l Autopilot error 14: Yawzero l Autopilot error 15: AGL range
l Autopilot error 16: inconsistent params l Autopilot error 17: flight invalid command
l Autopilot error 23: accelerometerfailure
l Autopilot error 72: multiple errors l Autopilot error 255: battery error If the message appears Then... Pre-Flight, before ARM You will not be ableto ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-Flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight Ifthe landing location is not too farfrom the location ofthe UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, tap Land. Otherwise, tap FTS. 

# Landing issues Ifthe unmanned aircraft does not automatically power offthe motor after landing, Trimble recommends manually powering offthe motor as soon as possibleto avoid motor damage. To manually power offthe UX5, tap the FTS button in the Aerial Imaging software. Ifthat does not work, press and hold the Mode button on the eBox until the LED flashes three times. WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 776 Troubleshooting 

# eBox LED status The diagram belowshows the status ofthe LEDs on the eBox.



# Technical support Ifyou have an issue and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact yourTrimble distributor.

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# Specifications and Settings

In this chapter:
n UX5 specifications
n Camera specifications
n Camera settings
n Battery charger settings

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# 7 CH A P T E R7 Specifications and Settings 

# UX5 specifications The UX5 aerial imaging rover has the following specifications: 

## Power/battery Feature Specification Battery type Lithium polymer Nominal energy capacity 6000 mAh Nominal voltage 14.8V Battery charger settings for charging:

– Maximum current

–Voltage 6A 12.6V+/-0.03 V Battery charger settings for discharging:

– Maximum current

–Cut-offvoltage 40A 9V Battery charging time Maximum 2 hours iffully discharged. 

## Height Feature Specification Minimum flight height 75 m (246ft) Maximum flight height 750 m (2460ft) Maximum operational ceiling (recommended) 5000 m (16,400ft) Note – UX5 nottested above2500 m (8202ft).

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 807 Specifications and Settings 

## Dimensions Feature Specification Maximum takeoffweight (MTOW) 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) Wing span 100 cm (39.3 ") Length 65 cm (25.6 ") Height 10.5 cm (4.1 ") CAUTION – Any deviation leading to a different maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) must be approved byTrimble. 

# Camera specifications The Sony NEX-5R camera has the following specifications: Feature Specification Effective pixels 16.1 megapixels Image sensor APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x0.61") CMOS Focal length F-aperture 4.5 - 22 Shutter speed 1/4000–30 ISO sensitivity ISO 100–25600 equivalent Display 7.5 cm (3") Dimensions (width x height x depth) 110.8x 58.8x 32.5 mm (4.36x 2.31 x 1.28 ") Weight 218g (0.48 lb) body only Battery charging time Approximately 280 minutes when fully discharged

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 817 Specifications and Settings 

# Camera settings The camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by Trimble. These settings are listed below. Notethe following:
l Settings that are greyed out in the camera menus cannot be selected and so are not listed here.
l Avalue of"–" in the tables below indicates that the value forthat setting is not set and is not required.
l Avalue of"N/A" in the tables below indicates that the setting is available for selection but the value is not applicable. 

## Lens settings Setting Value Aperture ring f/4.5 Focus ring 3+ m

Note – This issetand calibrated by the manufacturer and mustnotchange. Foryour reference, thisposition corresponds with the white dotappearing below the rightedge ofthe red 0 in the 10ftmark. 

## Menu settings Shoot Mode Setting Value Shoot Mode S (Shutter priority)

1/1000 or above 

## Camera Setting Value Drive Mode Remote Cdr. Flash Mode –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 827 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value AF/MF Select – Autofocus Area – Autofocus Mode – Touch Shutter – Object Tracking – Zoom – Face Detection Off Face Registration – Smile Shutter Off Auto Port Framing Off Soft Skin Effect Off ShootingTip List – LCD Display Display All Info DISP Button Enablethe following:
l Display All Info
l Big Font Size Disp
l Histogram 

## Image Size Setting Value Image Size 16M L:16M Aspect Ratio 3:2 Quality Fine Movie File Format N/A Movie Record Setting N/A

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 837 Specifications and Settings 

## Brightness/Color Setting Value Exposure Compensation ± 0.0 ISO Auto White Balance AWB

Note – When using the NIR camera, selectcustom white balance or incandescent. Metering Mode Multi DRO/Auto HDR D-Range Optimizer Picture Effect Off Creative Style Standard 

## Playback There are no relevant settings set in the Playback menu. 

## Application There are no relevant settings set in theApplication menu. 

## Setup Shooting settings Setting Value AELwith shutter On AF Illuminator Off Live View Display Setting Effect On Auto Review Off Grid Line Off Peaking Level Mid Peaking Color Red

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 847 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Clear Image Zoom Off Digital Zoom Off Self-portrait Self-timer Off MF Assist On MF Assist Time 2 Sec Color Space sRGB Release without Lens Enable Front Curtain Shutter Off Long Exposure NR Off High ISO NR Normal Lens Comp.:Shading Auto Lens Comp.: Chromatic Aberation Auto Lens Comp.: Distortion Auto Auto SlowShutter Off Movie Audio Rec. On Wind Noise Reduction On AF Micro Adjustment – 

### Main settings Setting Value Menu Start Top Function Menu Settings – MOVIE Button Off Custom Key Settings – Touch Operation Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 857 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Beep Off Language English Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time foryour location and the format used by your organization. Area Setting Set the correct area foryour location. Help Guide Display Off Power Save Standard Power Saving Start Time 1 min LCD Brightness Manual Display Color White Wide Image Normal Playback Display Manual Rotate HDMI Resolution Auto CTRLfor HDMI On USB Connection Auto Cleaning Mode – (Click to clean the sensor.) Version – (Click to see the camera and lens version.) Initialize – (Click to reset settings.) 

### Memory card tool Setting Value Format – (Click to format a card.)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 867 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value File Number Series Folder Name Date Form New Folder – (Click to create a folder.) Recover Image DB – (Click to recoverthe image database.) Display Card Space – Click to viewcard space usage.) 

### Network settings Setting Value WPS Push – (Click to connect using WPS Push.) Access Point Settings – Edit Device Name – Display MAC Address – (Click to viewthe MAC address.) Reset Viewon Smartphone – (Click to reset the remote view.) Reset Network Settings – (Click to reset the network settings.)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 877 Specifications and Settings 

# Battery charger settings When the charger power on, it displays the following parameters forthe UX5 battery:
l LiPo manual
l C:5.0A6000mAh WARNING – Always checkthat the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning and fire hazards. Ifthe settings are incorrect, correct them using the steps below: 1. To changethe battery type, press and hold the Prog/Mode key fortwo seconds. Repeat the button press until the charger screen shows “LiPo manual” or “LiIo manual” or “LiFe manual”. 2. Briefly press the Prog/Mode key (for less than two seconds). 3. To changethe lithium type, press the DEC or INC key until the lithium type is set to “LiPo”. 4. To changethe voltage per cell, press the Enter/Start key and then press the DECor INC key until the voltage is set to “4.20V/C”. 5. Briefly press the Prog/Mode key (for less than two seconds). 6. In the main screen, the “C:x.xA” entry is blinking. Press the DECor INC key until it shows "5.0". 7. To changethe battery capacity, press the Enter/Start key and then press the DEC or INC key until the battery capacity is set to "6000mAh". Your charger is nowset and should show:
l LiPo manual
l C:5.0A6000mAh

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 88Glossary 

# Glossary
aerial imaging rover The UX5 aerial imaging rover is a type ofunmanned aircraft specifically

designed for aerial photogrammetry. aerial photo station An aerial photo station is created each time an aerial photo is taken

during a flight. It defines a point and includes rawsensorvalues (orientation and tilt), coordinate data, and an image. aeronautical information publication A manual containing thorough details ofregulations, procedures and

other information pertinent to flying aircraft in the particular country to which it relates. It is usually issued by or on behalfofthe respective civil aviation administration. AIP See aeronautical information publication. avoidance zone Avoidance zones are used in the mission map to indicate areas that the

unmanned aircraft must not fly over, such as airports and forbidden airspace. CAA Civil Aviation Authority. cross wind Awind that blows from a sideways direction. elevon The movable flap on the back edge ofeach wing. The elevons move up

and down to create uneven lift, which controls the aircraft's rolling and banking movement. flight Contained within a mission, a flight covers a single polygonal area on the

earth’s surface. Aflight is defined by a flight plan. In aviation terms, a flight starts as soon as the aircraft starts to move under its own power or by additional equipment that is part ofthe system until the moment it comes to rest. flight plan Aset ofparameters that defines the properflight path the unmanned

aircraft must followduring a single flight. Parameters includethe desired altitude ofthe side image overlap. A mission can include one or more flights, each ofwhich is defined by a flight plan. GCP See ground control point. GCS See ground control station. georeference The act ofpositioning an object at its true location (using two or more

coordinates) in 2D or 3D space. Georeferencing is used, for example, to position an aerial photograph accurately in relation to other objects in a project.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 89Glossary

georeferenced image A photo taken from a ground- or aerial-based station that includes

overlaid point coordinate data. See also georeference. ground control point An accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical featurethat

can be identified on the ground and is used to georeference images. ground control station The ground control station (GCS) is used to control the unmanned

aircraft from the ground. It comprises theTrimbleTablet Rugged PC running theTrimble Aerial Imaging software. A modem is connected to theTablet to enable radio communication to the aerial imaging rover. Although the unmanned aircraft flies following a preprogrammed flight plan, you need the GCS to managethe unmanned aircraft before, during, and afterthe flight. ground sample distance In the Aerial Imaging software, the ground sample distance (GSD) is the

distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The GSD and the height at which the aircraft flies are linked. The higherthe unmanned aircraft flies, the largerthe distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight. GSD See ground sample distance. head wind Awind that blows from the direction that the aircraft is flying toward. height The height abovethe ground that the unmanned aircraft flies. The rover

does not begin taking photographs until it reaches the height specified forthe flight. launch The process ofreleasing the roverfrom the launcher. Launch

immediately preceeds takeoff. launch dock The platform that rests on the launcher. The unmanned aircraft sits on

the launch dock. The launch dock moves forward along the launcher at speed when the unmanned aircraft is launched. launcher The launcher is a mechanical devicethat provides a safe way to launch

the unmanned aircraft in the direction oftakeoff. METAR A routine aviation weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly

intervals. It is a description ofthe meteorological elements observed at an airport at a specifictime. mission An interconnected series ofaerial photo station images recorded with an

unmanned aircraft system (UAS) that are intended to be processed as a single unit and used for surveying purposes. A mission can include one or more flights that cover a single polygonal area. mission area Asingle polygonal area that defines the geographical area to be

photographed during one or more flights.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 90Glossary

NOTAM A notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots ofpotential

hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight. The term NOTAM is commonly used ratherthan the more formal term Noticeto Airmen. photogrammetry The use ofphotography in surveying and mapping to make

measurements between objects. pitot tube The sensor used by the aircraft to detect airspeed. It must be kept clean

and free ofobstructions to operate correctly. remote pilot station The station at which the remote pilot manages the flight ofan

unmanned aircraft. remotely-piloted Control ofan aircraft from a pilot station which is not on board the

aircraft. remotely-piloted aircraft An aircraft wherethe flying pilot is not on board the aircraft. This is a

subcategory ofunmanned aircraft. remotely-piloted aircraft system Aset ofconfigurable elements consisting ofa remotely-piloted aircraft,

its associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control links and any other system elements as may be required at any point during flight operation. RPA See remotely-piloted aircraft. RPA system A remote crew memberwho, by visual observation ofthe remotelypiloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in the safe conduct ofthe flight. RPAS See remotely-piloted aircraft system. segregated airspace Airspace ofspecified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific

user(s). TAF See terminal aerodrome forecast. tail wind Awind that blows from the opposite direction to the direction that the

aircraft is flying toward. takeoff The initial ascent ofthe unmanned aircraft. Takeoffimmediately follows

launch. terminal aerodrome forecast Aterminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a concise statement ofthe

expected meteorological conditions at an airport during a specified period (usually 24 or 30 hours). tracker The tracker consists ofa transmitter inserted in the body ofthe

unmanned aircraft and a receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signal so the unmanned aircraft can be located once it has landed.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 91Glossary

UA See unmanned aerial vehicle. UAS See unmanned aircraft system. unmanned aircraft An aircraft which is intended to operate with no pilot on board. See also

unmanned aircraft system (UAS). unmanned aircraft system An aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot

on board. visual line-of-sight operation An operation in which the remote crew maintains direct visual contact

with the aircraft to manage its flight. waypoint Awaypoint is a point between major points on a route, as along a track.

In terms ofthe Aerial Imaging software, a waypoint is located at the beginning and end ofeach flight line in the scan area. winglet The extreme edge ofthe wing.

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