GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 641 

Selected Sources of Information 

on United States and World 

Energy Resources: 

An Annotated Bibliography 

Selected Sources of Information 

on United States and World 

Energy Resources: 

An Annotated Bibliography 

By Paul Averitt and M. Devereux Carter 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 641 

Washington 1970 
United States Department of the Interior 

Geological Survey 

William T. Pecora, Director 

First printing 1 970 

Second printing 1 971 

Free on application to the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20242 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 

~neral references -------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Petroleum and natural gas ------------------------------------------------- 7 

Coal --------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 

~aterpovver -------------------------------------------------------------- 14 

~tomic energy ------------------------------------------------------------ 15 

Bituminous sands and asphalt---------------------------------------------- 17 

Oil shale ----------------------------------------------------------------- 17 

~other.mal energy -------------------------------------------------------- 19 

Solar energy ------------------------------------------------------------- 19 

Tidal power -------------------------------------------------------------- 19 

Synthetic liquid fuel and gas ----------------------------------------------- 19 

Electricity ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20 

Selected Sources of Information on United States and 

World E.nergy Resources: An Annotated Bibliography 

By Paul Averitt and M. Devereux Carter 

INTRODUCTION 

Thls bibliography is a revision and an updating of an earlier bibliography on the same 

subject by Trumbull (1961), .cited under the 

heading "General references." In the 10 years 

since the Trumbull bibliography was assembled, the number of reports on energy resources 

has increased significantly, and many older reports have been updated or superseded. As 

interest in the occurrence and availability of 

fuel and energy resources continues unabated, 

this updated bibliography has been prepared as 

an aid to students and others interested in the 

total energy-resource problem. 

This bibliography, like its predecessor, includes selected summary reports applicable 

primarily to the United States and, secondarily, 

to the world at large. The selected reports includes data on resources of conventional and 

unconventional energy resources, the availability and future prospects of developing each 

source, overall studies of certain geographic 

areas, production and use statistics, and the 

probable future course of energy development. 

Most of these reports are in English. 

Most of the reports included in this selected 

list were published during the 1960's, but a 

few older reports of encyclopedic coverage or 

of historic interest are also included. These and 

a few other reports common to the two bibliographies retain the Trumbull (1961) annotations. Earlier or more detailed reports on specific subjects will be found in bibliographies 

1 

included in most of the cited reports. The report by Trumbull also includes citations of 

older reports that are not re-cited herE .. 

The annotations are intended as gt~ides to 

the type of information found in the reports, 

rather than as conventional abstracts of the 

subject matter. Reports concerned with the 

interrelation among fuels, or with mo:'"e than 

one of the topic headings, or that do not properly belong under any of the topic hnadings, 

have been cited under the heading, "ljeneral 

references." Such reports are not re-cited under individual topic headings, though m~st contain data appropriate to individual topic headings. 

GENERAL REFERENCES 

Colby, D. S., and Brooks, D. B., 1969, Mineral resources 

valuation for public policy: U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. 

Circ. 8422, 34 p. 

A manual for making the type of mineral 

resource valuation commonly required for such 

public-policy problems as mineral leasing. Presents 

a simplified accounting system for calcula~ing cash 

flow. Utilizes revenue, plant costs, operating 

expenses, depletion allowances, royalty f!\yments, 

and sales price of product to establish value of 

the resource. No bibliography is provided. 

Committee on Resources and Man, Division of Earth 

Sciences, National Academy of Sciences-National 

Research Council, 1969, Resources and man--a 

study and recommendations: San Franci~o, W. H. 

Freeman and Co., 259 p. 

Perhaps the best study and summatio"'\ of the 

population-resource problem of the 1960-69 

decade. Includes chapters by various authors on 
most mineral commodities and on all sources of 

energy. Concentrates on North America, but it is 

applicable to the world at large. Introductory chapter, "Introduction and recommendations," is highly 

recommended. 

Energy Policy Staff, 1963, Supplies, costs and uses of 

the fossil fuels: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 34 p., 

25 tables. 

Estimates of total potential United States resources of the fossil fuel presented in four categories: (1) Known recoverable reserves, (2) undiscovered recoverable resources, ( 3) known marginal resources and ( 4) undiscovered marginal 

resources. Considerable emphasis is placed on cost, 

future trends in use, and in future need for supplemental sources of energy. 

Fisher, J. L. and Potter, Neil, 1964, World prospects 

for natural resources-some projections of demand 

and indicators of supply to the year 2000: Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 73 p. Published 

for Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, 

D.C. 

An examination of trends in production, and 

(or) consumption, employment per unit of output, 

relative price and (or) cost, exports and imports, 

and rate of use compared to estimated stocks, 

reserves, or estimated potential for the United 

States and for the world. Considers food, energy 

nonfuel minerals, and forest products. Includes 

some projections of demand and indicators of 

supply to the year 2000. Draws cautiously optimistic conclusions for the near term. 

Gooding, R. M., 1963, Production of mineral fuels and 

hydropower in the United States since 1800: U.S. 

Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 8155, 33 p. 

A short history of the production of energy 

from mineral fuels and water power in the 

United States with brief discussions of utilization, 

competition, and interchangeability. The periods 

for which data are given are: Coal, 1800-1960; 

oil, gas, and natural gas liquids, 1859-1960; and 

hydropower, 1900-1960. No bibliography is provided. 

Grunwald, Joseph, and Musgrove, Philip, 1970, Natural 

resources in Latin American economic development: Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 516 p. 

Published for Resources for the Future, Inc., 

Washington, D.C. 

An economic study based on detailed statistical 

data on resources, production, consumption, and 

trade for 16 commodities, including petroleum and 

coal, that collectively represent a major sector of 

the economy of Latin American countries. Related 

discussion considers developments over the past 

three or four decades and prospects for the near 

future. 

Hanke, S. H., ed., 1969, The political economy of 

2 

energy and national security: Colorado School 

Mines Quart., v. 64, no. 4, 218 p. 

Comprises 13 papers by vario·•s authors_ presented at the Rocky Mountain Petroleum Institute, June 1969. Subjects discuss~ include: (1) 

Role of domestic and imported petroleum and natural gas in national security from point of view 

of government, industry, consumers, and foreign 

suppliers, (2) role of synthetic liquid fuels and gas, 

( 3) oil imports, ( 4) conservation, and ( 5) Federal 

land-leasing policies. 

Haun, J. B., ed., 1969, Future energy outlook-a symposium, given at 53rd Annual M£:~ting, American 

Association of Petroleum Geologi~ts, 1968: Colorado School Mines Spec. Pub., 147 :r. 

A survey of the outlook for coal, oil, gas, oil 

shale, tar sands, nuclear fuels, geothermal energy, 

and fracturing with nuclear explos-ives. 

Herfindahl, 0. C., 1969, Natural reson·ce information 

for economic development: Baltimore, The Johns 

Hopkins Press, 212 p. Published for Resources for 

the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

A discussion of the role of natt-ral resources in 

economic development, including an analysis of the 

process by which resource information is generated and how this information is related to decisions on investment and producti "'n. Some guidelines for decisions on natural resOTlrce information 

programs are proposed. 

Hodgkins, J. A., 1961, Soviet power-energy resources, 

production and potentials: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 

Prentice-Hall, Inc., 190 p. 

An informed, readable accou11 t of the total 

energy position of the U.S.S.R. 

Hubbert, M. K., 1962, Energy resou1·ces, Nat. Acad. 

Sci. N atl. Research Council Pub. 1000-D, 141 p. 

A mathematical and graphic analysis of the life 

expectancy of United States reso1•rces of mineral 

fuels based on various estimates of total resources, 

on projected population growth, and on the per 

capita increase in use of energy. 

Institute of Fuel, 1970, Fuel abstracts and current 

titles: London, lnst. Fuels. 

A monthly annotated bibliography of world literature on all technical and scientific aspects of fuel 

and power. Titles and annotations in English. 

Author and detailed subject indexes printed 

semiannually. Supersedes "Fuel Abstracts," published between 194 7 and 1958. 

Published monthly since May 19611. 

Interdepartmental Energy Study Grouu, 1965, Energy 

R & D and national progress: ·washington, U.S. 

Govt. Printing Office, 437 p. 

---1966, Energy R & D and natural progress: 

findings and conclusions: Washinrton, U.S. Govt. 

Printing Office, 18 p. 
An analysis as of late 1963 of United States 

and world energy resources, use, transportation, 

projected future requirements, projected future 

costs, environmental problems, and the need for a 

long-range national energy policy supported by a 

definitive plan of research and development on 

specific sectors of the energy spectrum. 

Jensen, W. G., 1967, Energy in Europe, 1945-1980: 

London, G. T. Foulis & Co., Ltd., 203 p. 

An examination of the developments in the field 

of energy supply and demand in Europe since the 

end of the Second World War from an economy 

based on a single source of energy, coal, to the 

emergence of multifuel economy by 1980. 

Landsberg, H. H., Fischman, L. L., and Fisher, J. L., 

1963, Resources in America's future-patterns of 

requirements and availabilities, 1960-2000: Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1017 p. Published 

for Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, 

D.C. 

A detailed projection to the year 2000 of the 

demand for and supply of all mineral, water, and 

land resources as related to population and economic growth. Two chapters, nos. 15 and 20, are 

devoted to fuel and energy. 

Landsberg, H. H., and Schurr, S. H., 1968, Energy in 

the United States-sources, uses, and policy 

issues: New York, Random House, 242 p. Published for Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

A nontechnical, broad discussion of the place of 

energy, and energy policy, in the American economy, past, present, and future. 

Linvill, Bill, and others, 1970, Petroleum and oil-shale 

research of the Bureau of Mines, Fiscal year 

1967-68: U.S. Bur Mines Inf. Circ. 8448, 162 p. 

A summary of research on exploration, production, storage, processing, and utilization of petroleum, natural gas, oil shale, and tar sands, with 

abstracts of results reported in recent publications. 

McKelvey, V. E., 1967, Contradictions in energy 

resource estimates, in Energy-Seventh Biennial 

Gas Dynamics Symposium, Evanston, Ill.: Evanston, Ill., Northwestern Univ. Tech. Inst., 31 p. 

An explanation of apparent contradictions in 

energy-resource estimates that should aid in the 

more effective use of the estimates. 

McKelvey, V. E., and Duncan, D. C., 1964, United 

States and world resources of energy: Submitted 

by the U.S. Delegation for the 3rd Symposium on 

the Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia 

and the Far East, Tokyo, Japan, 28 p. 

Estimates of total potential United States and 

world resources of fossil fuel, atomic energy, and 

water power, expressed in 109 barrels of oil equivalent. Includes data on lithium, not readily available in other general sources. 

3 

McKelvey, V. E .. Tracey, J. I., Jr., Stoertz., G. E., and 

Vedder, J. G., 1969, Subsea mineral resources and 

problems related to their development: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Circ. 619, 26 p. 

Comprises seven statements made by United 

States representatives before the Econo'llic and 

Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations 

Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed 

and Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National 

Jurisdiction during its March 1969 meeting. 

Includes discussion of : ( 1) Progress in tl ?. exploration for and development of subsea p~troleum 

and natural gas and implications for the future, 

(2) potential ill effects of development of subsea 

mineral resources, (3-) the origin, incidence, effects 

and means of 1 prevention and control of oil-well 

blowouts, and (4) implications of geologic and economic factors to seabed resource allocatior~, development, and management. 

McKelvey, V. E., and Wang, F. F. H., 1969, World 

subsea mineral resources: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. 

Geol. Inv. Map I-632. 

Four preliminary maps and an explanatory text 

showing potential subsea resources of selected 

minerals, including petroleum, coal, uranium and 

geothermal energy. 

Moore, J. C., 1967, Observations and rem ..... rks on 

United States energy policy-presented tc Energy 

Committee, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Washington, U.S. Govt. 

Printing Office, 33 p. 

A concise description of the de facto rature of 

United States energy policy, including d~~cussion 

of the function of the private sector, Federal Government organizations, and State and local governments, and of future policy problems. 

Morrison, W. E., and Readling, C. L., 1968, An energy 

model for the United States, featuring energy balances for the years 1947 to 1965 and projections 

and forecasts to the years 1980 and 20':'0: U.S. 

Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 8384, 127 p. 

A simplified energy model is presentE'd for a 

recent historical period. This model is used for several case studies that estimate short- and longrange shifts in energy resources demand and 

required supply. Historical data are pres~nted by 

source, form, and consuming sector. The domestic 

resource base is assessed in its ability to meet 

forecast demand, and various issues and problems 

identified from the case studies are disc')ssed. A 

common base of British thermal units is used 

throughout. No bibliography is provided. 

Supersedes U.S. Bureau of Mines Information 

Circular 8242. 

Organization for European Economic Cooperation, 

1960, Towards a new energy pattern in Europe: 

Paris, Organization European Econ. Coor .. , 125 p. 
A report by the Energy Advisory Commission of 

the O.E.E.C. Topics discussed include trends in energy consumption, production, and imports; trends 

of demand for individual forms of energy; forecasts 

of aggregate requirments; potential indigenous 

supplies; prospective developments in the field of 

nuclear energy; and financing and policy problems. Includes many brief statistical tables and 

projections of data for 1965 and 1975. 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1969, Statistics of energy, 1953-1967: Paris, 

Organization Econ. Coop. and Devel., 265 p. 

A staff report of the National Accounts and 

Growth Studies Division of basic energy data in 

three parts. Part 1: Statistics for energy for the 

whole of the OECD area (European and North 

American member countries and Japan). Part 2: 

Statistics for energy for each of the three divisions. Part 3: Statistics for energy in each OECD 

member country (except Japan). For each of these 

three divisions tables by sources of energy, 

1953-67, and annual tables, 1965-67, are given. 

Energy data are not reported in common units but 

each energy source is reported in its typical unit. 

No bibliography is provided. 

Petroleum Industry Research Foundation, Inc., 1969, A 

profile of energy consumption and cost patterns at 

the U.S. east coast: New York, Petroleum Industry Research Found., Inc., 31 p. 

An analysis of fuel and power costs in three 

east coast regions-New England, mid-Atlantic 

States, and South Atlantic States. The analysis is 

concerned primarily with fuels and power consumed by nonindustrial-end users, although electric utilities are considered. All major energy 

sources were analyzed but special emphasis was 

put on heating oils. No bibliography is provided. 

Polach, J. G., 1970, The development of energy in East 

Europe, in Economic developments in countries of 

Eastern Europe-A compendium of papers: U.S. 

91st Cong., 2d sess., Joint Comm. Print, p. 

348-433. 

A study of the development of energy in East 

Europe from 1950 through 1967 by analysis of the 

pattern of energy requirements and supply, their 

composition, the origin and direction of energy 

and commodity trade, and the structure and adequacy of the energy-resource base. Contains a 

table on the energy resources of East Europe by 

country and commodity and a four-page selected 

bibliography. 

Potter, Neal, and Christy, F. T., Jr., 1962, Trends in 

natural resource commodities-statistics of prices, 

output, consumption, foreign trade, and employment in the United States, 1870-1957: Baltimore. 

The Johns Hopkins Press, 568 p. Published for 

Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

4 

Includes data on petroleum, natural gas, bituminous coal, and anthracite 1870-1957. Contains a 

brief summary by commodity and tables on a continuous, uniform basis to facilitate comparison. 

Resources for the Future, 1968, U.S. e"'lergy policiesan agenda for research: Baltirrore, the Johns 

Hopkins Press, 152 p. Published for Resources for 

the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

A review of United States resources of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, 

and shale oil and an analysis of national policies 

extant and those needed for the: proper future 

development of these resources. 

Schurr, S. H., and Netschert, B. C., with Eliasberg, V. F., 

Lerner, Joseph, and Landsberg, H. H., 1960, Energy in the American economy, 1850-1975; its 

history and prospects: Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 77 4 p. Published for Resources for the 

Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

An exhaustive treatise in three parts: energy 

use 1850-1955; the future of energy consumption; 

and the future of energy supply. Includes consideration of the possible impact of atomic energy. 

The 774 pages include 120 text tables, 73 graphs, 

and 255 pages of statistical appendi,'!es. 

The Spokesman of the ECSC's High Authority and 

European Community Informatior Service, 1967, 

Europe and energy: Luxembourg, published 

jointly by The Spokesman of the ECSC's High 

Authority and European Community Information 

Service, 67 p. 

Reviews the alteration of the structure of the 

energy market prior to 1966, the energy position 

and balance sheet for 1966, the lo"'lg-term energy 

outlook to 1980, and the common energy policy for 

the six European Community courtries-Belgium, 

France, Germany, Italy, Luxembmrg, and the 

Netherlands. No bibliography is pro":rided. 

Trumbull, James, 1961, Selected sources of information 

on U.S. and world energy resource~-an annotated 

bibliography: U.S. Geol. Survey Cir~. 447, 8 p. 

A selected and annotated bibliography of 72 

articles and reports on energy resources published 

prior to January 1, 1961. SupersE'rled by present 

bibliography, but includes citation"' of older articles and reports. 

United Nations, 1956, The world's rE'quirements for 

energy; the role of nuclear energy, volume 1 of 

Proceedings of the [First] International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 

Geneva, 8 August -20 August, 19:5: New York, 

United Nations, 479 p. 

Includes "World energy requirements in J975 

and 2000" (p. 3-33) and "Contribntion of nuclear 

energy to future world power needs" (p. 85-102), 
prepared by the United Nations. The latter paper 

contains a six-page table of reserves of coal, lignite, petroleum, natural gas, waterpower, and per 

capita energy reserves for every country of the 

world. Three other papers discuss worldwide future 

energy needs (p. 34-70), two discuss nonconventional energy sources other than nuclear energy 

(p. 71-84), 34 discuss energy sources and needs in 

individual countries, and 24 discuss various 

aspects of nuclear energy. 

The volume is an authoritative source of information as of 1955, and for some countries includes 

resource data not readily available elsewhere in 

English. For other countries, however, the information on resources has been superseded. 

United Nations Department of Economic and Social 

Affairs, 1957a, Energy in Latin America-Study 

prepared by the Secretariat of the Economic CommiSSion for Latin America: Geneva, United 

Nations, 268 p. 

A study of many aspects of energy: sources; 

consumption by source, nation, and end use; trends 

of change in consumption; efficiency in use; resources; and institutional structure and finances. 

Projections to 1965 are made for production, consumption, and required capacity and investments. 

Fourteen annexes totaling 138 pages present much 

statistical and reference material, including a 20-

page compilation of energy resources by country. 

Covers all South and Central American nations, 

including Mexico. 

---1957b, New sources of energy and economic 

development--Solar energy, wind energy, tidal 

energy, geothermic energy, and thermal energy of 

the seas: New York, United Nations, 150 p. 

Includes a comparative study of the features 

and possibilities of five nonoonventional enet·gy 

sources, a technical paper on each, and an annotated bibliography of 480 items. (See United 

Nations (1962) .) 

---1959, Sources of energy and electricity production [in Africa], in Economic survey of Africa 

since 1950: New York, United Nations, p. 

127-133, also table 1-XVII, p. 35. 

A discussion of fuel resources and the status of 

information (ca. 1957-58); trends and new developments in discovery, production, and consumption 

of coal, petroleum, and electricity throughout the 

continent. The cited table gives resources and 1957 

production of crude oil, coal, hydroelectricity, 

and thermal electricity, by countries. Other short 

tables give data on production, exports, imports, 

and installed generating capacity. 

---1962, New sources of energy and energy development: New York, United Nations, 65 p. 

A summary report on a conference held in 

Rome, Aug. 21-31, 1961. Includes chapters on 

solar energy, wind power, and geothermal energy, 

5 

and a list of 248 papers presented at the conference. (See United Nations (1957b).) 

---1969, Study of power generation based on the 

utilization of low-grade fuels in develophg countries: New York, United Nations, 70 p. 

Discusses the utilization and develop:"Vl.ent of 

low-grade fuels-lignite, peat, oil-shale, and 

industrial or residential waste-in developing 

countries where conventional fuel sources are limited or lacking. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the 

Far East, 1967, Comprehensive energy surveys; 

an outline of procedure: New York, United 

Nations, 57 p. 

A recommended program of study of energy 

resources suitable for the production of electric 

power. 

United Nations Statistical Office, 1969a, Statistical 

yearbook, 1968: New York, U.N. Dept. Eeon. and 

Social Affairs, Statistical Office, 796 p. 

A source of world statistics on many subjects. 

Contains data by countries on production and consumption of energy and on production of coal, lignite, coke, cr\lde petroleum, petroleum products, 

natural gas, natural gas products, manufactured 

gas, and electricity. Includes a summary of world 

and regional energy production, trade, and consumption classified by main sources--coal and lignite, crude petroleum, natural gas, and hydro and 

nuclear electricity-in terms of metric ton~ of coal 

equivalent. No text other than explan.,tion of 

tables. No resources data. 

Published annually. 

---1969b, World energy supplies, 1964-19,17: New 

York, U.N. Dept. Econ. and Social Affairr, Statistical Office Statistical Papers, ser. J, no. 12, 104 p. 

Data by countries on production, trade, and consumption of coal, petroleum (crude and refined), 

gas, electricity, and coke. No text otter than 

explanation of tables. No resources data. 

Twelfth in a series. Published in 1952, 1957, and 

annually since 1960. 

U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1965, Mineral facts and problems, 1965 edition: U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 630, 

1118 p. 

A staff-prepared compendium of 89 cha uters on 

all mineral, fuel and energy commodities, with 

emphasis mostly on the United States. Each chapter covers background and present status of the 

industry; definition of terms, grades and specifications; geology, mining, and transportation; technology of preparation and use; resources production, consumption, and foreign trade; economic 

data; research; and industry outlook and problems. Includes chapters on anthracite (p. 43-63); 

bituminous coal (p. 119-147) ; ligrite (p. 
511-520); lithium (p. 531-536); petroleum and 

natural gas (p. 663-698); oil shale (p. 631-643); 

peat (p. 645-654); thorium (p. 947-959); and 

uranium (p. 1007-1037). Each chapter includes a 

short bibliography. 

Report is updated and reprinted at 5-year intervals. 

---1969, Metals, minerals, and fuels, volumes 1-2 

of Minerals Yearbook 1968: U.S. Bur. Mines, 1208 

p. 

A statistical record of 80 chapters on the domestic minerals industry in 1968. Includes chapters on 

anthracite, bituminous coal and lignite, coke and 

coal chemicals, fuel briquettes, peat, carbon black, 

natural gas and associated liquids, petroleum and 

petroleum products, and thorium and uranium. 

Each chapter includes data on production and consumption, resources, mining and transportation, 

equipment and technology, prices and value, stocks, 

foreign trade, and world production. 

Published annually since 1932. Continues previous series, "Mineral Resources of the United 

States." published 1885-1931 by the U.S. Geological Survey. 

U.S. Congress, Committee on Interior and Insular 

Affairs, 1962, Report of the National Fuels and 

Energy Study Group on an assessment of available energy in the United States: U.S. 87th Cong., 

2d sess., Senate Doc. 159, 499 p. 

A summary of data on U.S. energy resources, 

plant capacity, labor-supply productivity, transportation, technology, corporate concentration, 

marketing and pricing patterns, costs, foreign 

trade, interfuel competition, government policies, 

laws, and regulations, and industry and consumer 

points of view. Includes a five-page bibliography. 

U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 

1960, Review of the international atomic policies 

and programs of the United States, by Robert 

McKinney (v. 1, p. 1-78R), [and] 1Background 

material for the review of the international atomic 

policies and programs of the United States (v. 2, 

3, 4, 5, p. 79-2080): U.S. 86th Cong., 2d sess. 

Volume 1 includes, on pages 29-48, a summary 

of the detailed information in the succeeding volumes concerning the status, prospects, costs, and 

resources of atomic power, the supply of conventional fuels, and the overall demand for energy in 

the world. Volume 3 includes several reports on 

the progress of nonmilitary atomic energy programs in the world. Volume 4 contains 14 reports 

of diverse foreign and domestic authorship on the 

status and prospects of nuclear-fueled electric generating capacity throughout the world and 24 

reports on nonnuclear energy resources. Among 

the latter are reports on the following: World 

6 

consumption and availability of conventional 

fuels in 1975 and 2000; resources of coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil shale, and tr:r sands in the 

free world, by the U.S. Department of the Interior; the uranium and thorium rE:'lources of the 

free world and the Communist blo~, by the U.S. 

Atomic Energy Commission; future energy 

requirements in the United States, Latin America, 

Europe, the Sino-Soviet area, and Asia; and several reports on nonconventional nornuclear energy 

sources. Volume 5 includes reportr on the direct 

conversion of fission products to electricity, the 

peaceful applications of nuclear rower for purposes other than central-station ele~tricity generation, and progress toward controlled fusion. 

U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, Subcommittee on Automation and Energy :Resources, 1959, 

Energy resources and technology, Hearings: U.S. 

86th Cong., 1st sess., 352 p. 

Many authoritative statements and exhibits on a 

great number of aspects of the general subject 

in the United States, with particular emphasis on 

prospective needs and cost relaticns among the 

conventional energy sources, and the outlook for 

development of newer sources. In a general way 

this report provides an updating cf Volume 3 of 

the President's Materials Policy ["Paley"] Commission report, "The Outlook for Energy Sources." 

U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bur~au of Mines, 

1968, Mineral resources of th~ Appalachian 

region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paner 580, 492 p. 

A compilation of available data presented in 

nontechnical language on the mineral resources, 

mineral industry and economy, and geology of the 

Appalachian region. Various chapters deal with 

coal, oil and gas, bituminous sands and asphalt, oil 

shale, uranium, and water power. 

Weeks, L. G., 1960, The next hundre~ years energy 

demand and sources of supply: Am. Geol. lnst., 

Geotimes, v. 5, no. 1, p. 18-21, 51-55. 

A concise statement of estimated U.S. and world 

fuel and energy resources as related to increased 

population growth and increase-l per capita 

demand for energy. 

Western Resources Conference, 1966, Natural gas, 

coal1 ground water--exploring new methods and 

techniques in resources research : Western 

Resources Conference, Boulder, Co1'>rado University Press, 248 p. 

Twenty-one papers by 24 auth<lrs on various 

aspects of energy resources research. Of particular interest are two papers: (1) Outlook for 

energy resources in the United States, by Sam H. 

Schurr; and (2) Pipeline gas from coal and oil 

shale, by Henry R. Linden. 

The Western Resources Conferen~e is sponsored 

annually by the Colorado School <1f Mines, Colo-
rado State University, and the University of Colorado. This is the eighth annual volume. 

Winger, J. G., Emerson, J. D., and Gunning, G. D., 

1968, Outlook for energy in the United States: 

New York, The Chase Manhattan Bank, N. A., 60 

p. 

A well-written, profusely illustrated analysis of 

United States energy demand to 1980. Includes 

diagrams of projected population growth by age 

groups to 1980, projected increase in per capita 

use of energy, economic growth patterns of the 

United States by major regions, the energy imbalance of these same regions, transportation, and 

markets for energy in various forms and for 

various uses, and an analysis of resources available 

to meet the projected demand. Sources of data are 

not cited; no bibliography is provided. 

World Power Conference, 1968, World Power Conference survey of energy resources, 1968: London, 

World Power Conf., Central Office, 79 p. 

World statistics, solicited from each country and 

uniformly presented, on resources of coal, petroleum, oil in shale, oil in bituminous sandstone, natural gas, oxides of uranium, and oxides of thorium. 

Contains comprehensive bibliography. 

This volume, edited by Albert Parker, is 11th of 

a series. The first nine volumes of the series, 

edited by Frederick Brown and titled "Statistical 

Year books of the World Power Conference," were 

published in the period 1936-1958 [60] and contain comparable information. The lOth volume, 

edited by Albert Parker and having the same title 

as this reference, was published in 1962. Present 

plans call for the report to be updated and republished at 6-year intervals. 

Za:ft'arano, R. F., Yasnowsky, L. H., Crump, L. H., and 

Mo, W. Y., 1970, Supply and demand for energy 

in the United States by states and regions, 1960 

and 1965-integrated energy balances and energy 

flows (prepared from four parts): U.S. Bur. 

Mines Inf. Circ. 8434, 546 p. 

Integrated energy balances and energy flows are 

presented for State, regional, and national levels 

from four separate supply and demand commodity 

balances for coal, dry natural gas, petroleum and 

natural gas liquids, and utility electricity. Commodity balances were integrated by expressing 

their energy equivalents in British thermal units 

(Btu). Hydropower and nuclear power are 

included in summaries for 1960 and 1965. Pertinent computerization details and more than 500 

individual State and regional printout tables, in 

both original commodity units and Btu's, are 

shown. 

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 

American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1969a, 

[Exploratory drilling and oil and gas develop7 

ments in the United States and Canada in 1968; 

22 chapters by different authors with no overall 

title]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 

53, no. 6, p. 1151-1328. 

First chapter, titled "North Americar drilling 

activity in 1968" (p. 1151-1180), present:~ detailed 

statistics and an analysis of exploratory drilling 

in the United States and Canada in 19 tables 16 

figures, and a brief text. Twenty-one additi~nal chapters present comparable data for individual 

States and regions, and they include information 

on stratigraphy and geologic relations as revealed 

by drilling. 

Published annually in the June issue. 

---1969b, [The] 1968 developments in foreign 

[petroleum] fields: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 53, no. 8, p. 1563-1820. 

Eight summary chapters by different authors on 

petroleum exploration during 1968 in the following 

areas: Mexico; South America, Central America, 

and Caribbean; Europe; north Africa; ce'ltral and 

southern Africa; Middle East; Far East; and the 

Southwest Pacific. Includes information on concessions, geological and geophysical surveys,, exploratory and development drilling, discove:t:ies, and 

production of petroleum and natural gas, with 

many tables and maps. The geologic s~tting of 

petroleum accumulations is described. 

Published annually in the July or August issue. 

American Gas Association, American Petrole•1.m institute, and Canadian Petroleum Associatbn, 1970, 

Reserves of crude oil, natural gas liquids, and natural gas in the United States and Can:tda, and 

United States productive capacity as of December 

31, 1969: Published jointly by the Am. Gas Assoc., 

1515 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Va. 22209, The Am. 

Petroleum Inst., 1101 Seventeenth S'::. N.W., 

Washington, D.C. 20036, and the Canadian Petroleum Assoc., 330 Ninth Ave. S.W. Calgary, Alberta, 

Canada, v. 24, 308 p., 34 tables. 

Contains industry-prepared estimates of proved 

recoverable reserves of crude oil, natural gas liquids, and natural gas. Includes annual dz.ta beginning generally in 1945, and for some S·~ates and 

regions beginning in 1920. 

Published annually, usually in May, since 1946. 

American Petroleum Institute, 1967, Petroleum facts 

and figures-1967 edition: New York, Am. Petroleum Inst., 344 p. 

Presents data for 1958-66 on drilling, production, proved reserves, refining, trans7ortation, 

marketing, utilization, prices, taxes, ani related 

aspects of the petroleum industry. A supplement 

to the 1959 centennial edition of "Petrole·'m Facts 

and Figures" which provides data from 1859 

through 1958. 

Published biennially. The 1970 edition will 

replace the 1959 centennial edition and aU supple-
ments and will furnish a record of the industry's 

activities from 1859 through 1969. 

---1970, Annual statistical review-U.S. petroleum 

industry statistics, 1946-1969: Washington, Am. 

Petroleum Inst., 56 p. 

Presents tables on supply and demand by uses, 

production, imports, exports, and stocks of crude 

oil (by State, region, or country of origin), gasoline, kerosine, jet fuel, distillate fuel oil, residual 

fuel oil, lubricants, and natural gas liquids and 

liquefied refinery gases. No bibliography is provided. 

Published annually; appears in April. 

Beebe, B. W., and Curtis, B. F., eds., 1968, Natural 

gases of North America : Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Mem. 9, v. 1 [Gases in Mesozoic and 

Paleozoic rocks], 1226 p; v. 2 [gases in Paleozoic 

rocks and general papers], 1267 p. 

An encyclopedic study. Comprises 146 papers 

and 184 case histories by 225 authors. 

Cabinet Task Force on Oil Import Control, 1970, The 

oil import question: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 397 p. 

Report of the President's Cabinet Task Force 

created on March 25, 1969, to conduct a comprehensive review of oil import restrictions and policies. Covers all phases of the petroleum industry 

with forecasts to the year 1980. The report is in 

four parts as follows: (1) Purpose of the review, 

and description of the present oil import program; 

(2) the relationship of oil imports to the National 

security; ( 3) control mechanisms; and ( 4) summary, conclusions, and recommendations. An extensive appendix includes a separate report on the oil 

import question by the Secretary of the Interior, 

the Secretary of Commerce, and the Chairman of 

the Federal Power Commission. No bibliography is 

provided. 

Cameron, V. S., ed., 1969, Exploration and economics of 

the petroleum industry, Volume 7: New York, 

Matthew Bender & Co., 279 p. Published for the 

Southwestern Legal Foundation. 

Comprises about 18 papers by various authors 

covering the spectrum of petroleum exploration. 

Presented at the annual Institute on Economics of 

the Petroleum Industry, Southwestern Legal Foundation, Dallas, Texas. No bibliography is provided. 

Published annually since 1963. The first six volumes were published by the Gulf Publishing Co., 

Houston, Texas. The first three volumes are titled 

"Economics of the Petroleum Industry." 

Campbell, R. W ., 1968, The economics of Soviet oil and 

gas: Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 279 p. 

Published for Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

A detailed case study of the petroleum industry 

8 

of the Soviet Union, its recent devehpment, future 

prospects, and potential as a competitor in world 

petroleum markets. 

Dott, R. H., Sr., and Reynolds, M. J., c1mpil~rs, 1969, 

Sourcebook for petroleum geology: Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Mem. 5, 471 p. 

A compendium of ideas, hypothese~. and theories 

on the origin, migration, and accumulation of 

petroleum, presented as quotations from the original authors, and integrated by discu"1sion and comments of the compilers. Includes extensive bibliography. 

Ebel, R. E., 1961, The petroleum industr;r in the Soviet 

Union: New York, Royer & Roger, Inc., 169 p. 

Published for the American Petroleum Institute. 

An account of impressions of the Russian petroleum industry gained by a party of 10 United 

States oil and gas industry executives on a 

30-day exchange visit to Russia in August 1960. 

Elliott, M. A., and Linden, H. R., 1968, A new analysis 

of U.S. natural gas supplies: Jcur. Petroleum 

Tech., v. 20, Feb., p. 135-141. 

A report of the development of an empirical 

model of natural gas discovery and production in 

the United States used to expre~101 the overall 

effect of the various geologic, technologic, and economic forces that influence it. Forecasts from this 

model are made and compared with plausible estimates of gas demand and corresrl')nding supply 

requirements to the year 2000. 

Federal Power Commission, 1969, A staff report on 

national gas supply and demand: Washington, 

Federal Power Comm., 110 p. 

An intensive analysis covering a short time span 

1956-68 of natural gas supply-demand relationship for the United States, exclud:.ng Alaska, to 

serve as a guide to effective regulatory and management decisions with supply-demand forecasts 

focused on the 5-year period 19~9-73. Future 

supply projections were made for eight separate 

are~s. Potential sources of supply for natural gas 

and synthetic gas needed to meet fl,ture projected 

demand are evaluated. 

Frendzel, D. J., 1961, The Soviet seven-year plan 

(1959-65) for oil: U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 

8023, 17 p. 

A report based almost entirely on Soviet petroleum literature. Describes the plarned expansion 

of the Soviet petroleum industry ard tries to provide some idea of the size of future Soviet oil 

exports. 

Future Requirements Committee, 1969, Future natural 

gas requirements of the United States: Denver, 

Future Requirements Agency, v. 3, 59 p. 

The third biennial report of the Future Require-
ments Committee-a national gas industry committee that coordinates the work of 10 regional 

working committees. Covers estimated natural gas 

requirements of the United States by individual 

States for 5-year periods to 1990. No bibliography 

is provided. 

The first report was issued in 1964, the second, 

in 1967. 

Heiss, Klaus-Peter, 1967, The economic potentials of 

natural gas production stimulation by nuclear explosion: Princeton, N.J., Mathematica, PNE-3007, 

61 p. 

A discussion of the technical and economic 

potentials of natural gas production stimulation 

by nuclear explosives. 

Hendricks, T. A., 1965, Resources of oil, gas, and natural gas liquids in the United States and the 

world: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 552, 20 p. [Repr. 

1966.] 

An estimate of resources originally present in 

the ground based on available data on exploratory 

footage drilled, fraction of the total volume of 

sedimentary rocks explored, past production 

records, estimates of proved reserves, and the 

attractiveness of the explored rocks relative to 

that of the rocks as yet unexplored. The volumes 

of explored and unexplored sedimentary rock were 

considered in four categories according to the relative degree of favorability. Contains 24-item bibliography. 

Hepple, Peter, ed., 1969, The exploration for petroleum 

in Europe and North Africa: London, Inst. Petroleum, 281 p. 

Proceedings of a joint meeting between the 

Institute of Petroleum and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (in conjunction with 

the Petroleum Exploration Society of Great Britain held at Brighton, England, 29 June-2 July, 

1969. Eighteen summary papers by various authors 

on the subject of geology and petroleum exploration in the countries of Europe and North Africa 

are included. 

Huston, R. L., 1968, The speed of gas in Europe, in 

Proceedings of the AIME Council of Economics 

annual meeting, New York, Feb. 25-29, 1968: 

AIME Coun. Econ., p. 94-101. 

Analysis of energy demand in Western Europe 

-actual 1960-65 and forecast 1970, 1975, and 

1980-and the rapidly increasing share to be provided by natural gas from Western Europe's own 

resources. No bibliography is provided. 

International Oil Scouts Association, 1969, International oil and gas development yearbook 1969 

(review of 1968): lnternat. Oil Scouts Assoc., v. 

39, pt. 1, 496 p.; pt. 2, 912 p. 

An annual publication since 1920 prepared in 

9 

two parts. Part I, Exploration-Annual review of 

gelogical and geophysical prospecting, land and 

leasing activities, wildcat exploration, aiJ d proven 

field development in United States and Canada. 

Part II, Production-Annual review of or and gas 

production by fields, oil and gas pipeline construction, refinery operation, and gasoline, carbon 

black, recycling, and repressuring plants in the 

United States, Mexico, Canada, and most foreign 

countries. The foreign section is an opti•mal supplement to Part II and includes data on exploration as well as production. 

Interstate Oil Compact Commission, 1964, A study of 

conservation of oil and gas in the UnitE.<{ States, 

1964: Interstate Oil Compact Comm., 307 f· 

A resume of the conservation programs of the 

oil and gas producing States and why they are 

employed. Prepared by working committe~s of the 

IOCC from responses to questionnaires supplied 

by State petroleum organizations, individPal petroleum industries, and petroleum industry organizations. No bibliography is provided. 

lnternational Petroleum Institute, 1965, lntE:rnational 

petroleum industry. Volume 1-World, Europe, 

Middle East: New York, lnternatl. Petroleum 

Inst., Inc., 285 p. 

---1967, International petroleum industry. Volume 

11-Central America, South America, Africa, Far 

East, North America: New York, lnternatl. Petroleum Inst., Inc., 371 p. 

An encyclopedic study of the intE.rnational 

petroleum and natural gas industry by major geographic areas, beginning about 1859 wit]' drilling 

of the first commercial well for oil. The major 

technical developments of the indurtry are 

described. The main emphasis, however, is on the 

international aspects of exploration, production, 

refining, transportation, marketing, and ]egal and 

fiscal regulations. Investment factors and r'>licy are 

also discussed. 

Ion, D. C., 1967, The significance of world r~troleum 

reserves: Seventh World Petroleum Congress, 

Proc. v. 1B, p. 25-36. 

A discussion and critical analysis of world 

resources of petroleum and other fossil fuels, in 

terms of both proved reserves and ultimate 

resources. Includes a two-page bibliograph~~. 

Lovejoy, W. F., and Homan, P. T., 1965, ME'thods of 

estimating reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and 

natural gas liquids: Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins 

Press, 163 p. Published for Resources for the 

Future, Inc., Washington, D.C. 

A critical analysis of methods used in estimating proved reserves, ultimate resources, the 

resource base, and additions through st~condary 

recovery. Cites examples of misuse and misinterpretation of estimates. Includes discussion of 
methods employed by the A.P.I., A. D. Zapp, C. L. 

Moore, M. K. Hubbert, and industry committees. 

---1967, Economic aspects of oil conservation regulation: Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 295 p. 

Published for Resources for the Future, Inc., 

Washington, D.C. 

A study of the economic aspects of oil conservation regulation in the United States. Written 

largely in nontechnical language. References are 

cited at the bottom of the text pages. 

Lutfi, Ashraf, 1968, Opec oil: Beirut, Lebanon, Middle 

East Research Pub. Center, Middle East Oil Mon. 

6, 120 p. 

An analysis of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and a review of the 

problems facing it and the individual member 

countries. No bibliography is provided. 

McKinney, C. M., and Shelton, E. M., 1967, Sulfur content of crude oils of the Free World: U.S. Bur. 

Mines Rept. Inv. 7059, 36 p. 

The volume and sulfur content by weight percent of crude oil produced in 10 geographic areas 

of the United States in the period 1956-66 are 

shown in tables and charts, based on analyses of 

1,060 samples of United States crude oil. Similar 

data are presented for crude oil produced in 1966 

in Africa, Canada, Middle East, and South America, based on analyses of 201 samples. 

Martinez, A. R., 1966, Our gift, our oil: The Netherlands, N. V. Drukkerij D. Reidel-Dordrecht, 199 p. 

A book about Venezuelan oil by a distinguished 

Venezuelan. The book covers the geology and history of development of the oil industry in Venezuela and current national Venezuelan petroleum 

policy. Chapters are included on the Organization 

of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 

the Indonesian oil situation, atomic ene~gy, and oil, 

and some aspects of the oil situation in Italy, 

Argentina, Mexico, and the North Sea. The opinions expressed are the author's and may or may 

not conform to policies of the Venezuelan Government or of the Organization of the Petroleum 

Exporting Countries. 

N ahai, L., and Kimbell, C. L., 1963, The petroleum 

industry of Iran: U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 8203, 

112 p. 

A thorough report on the history and economic 

position of the petroleum industry of Iran as of 

1962, prepared from published and other material 

on the geology and economic conditions of Iran. 

Contains a 42-item bibliography. 

National Petroleum Council, 1967a Factors affecting 

U.S. exploration, development and production 

1946-1965: Washington, Natl. Petroleum .Council, 

136 p. 

10 

An analysis prepared by a committee and two 

task forces made up of distinguished members of 

A;he United States petroleum indr•.stry and the 

Department of the Interior. Presented in three 

parts. Part !-Introduction, summary and conclusions; Part II-Report on geological and technological factors; Part III-Report or economic and 

policy factors. Parts II and III wer~ prepared by 

the two separate task forces. No bibliography is 

provided. 

---1967b Impact of new technology on the U.S. 

petroleum industry, 1946-1965: Washington, Natl. 

Petroleum Council, 341 p. 

A report prepared by the Natio"lal Petroleum 

Council at the request of the Department of the 

Interior to study the highly specialized field of 

petroleum technology and to evaluate the impact 

of new knowledge and procedures upon: (1) 

Petroleum productive capacity; (2) recovery factors in oil yields; (3) yields of petroleum products 

at refineries; ( 4) changes in quality of refined 

products and byproducts; and ( 5) conclusions as 

to future technologic trends. The r~~port was prepared in two parts by separate subcommittees: 

Part 1-Impact of new technology on U.S. petroleum exploration and production; Fart 2-Impact 

of new technology on United Stdes petroleum 

refining. 

---1969, Petroleum resources under the ocean floor: 

Washington, N atl. Petroleum Council, 107 p. 

A well-organized, illustrated, an<l documented, 

industry-prepared analysis of the petroleum potential of the continental margins. Chapter headings 

are as follows: 1) Summary and recommendations, 

(2) United States energy reql'irements and 

national objectives, (3) Prospects for petroleum 

accumulations under the oceans, ( 4) Technological 

capability of industry for petroleur development, 

(5) Economics of offshore petrolenm exploration 

and development, (6) Current national jurisdiction 

over petroleum resources of oceanic areas, (7) 

Implementation of United States policy objectives 

consistent with the 1958 Conventior on the continental shelf, (8) Regime over oceanic areas 

beyond limits of exclusive national resource jurisdiction, and (9) Relations between the petroleum 

industry and other users of th~ oceans and 

seabeds; pollution control, cons~rvation, and 

research. 

---1970, Future petroleum provinces of the United 

States-A summary: Washington, J'.Tatl. Petroleum 

Council, 128 p. 

A study of the future oil and gas potential of 

the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii 

and the continental shelves and sbpes, prepared 

for the Secretary of the Interior 1 :r an advisory 

group of 135 petroleum geologists. Data is presented on petroleum previously ciscovered, the 
potential for future discoveries, and the most 

favorable rock strata for each of 11 subdivisions 

of the United States. Estimates of potential discoveries of natural gas are those of the Potential 

Gas Committee (1969). 

Details of this study will be published in 1971 

by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 

Oil and Gas Journal, 1969, Forecast for the seventies: 

Oil and Gas Jour., v. 67, no. 45, p. 159-204. 

Projections to 1980 of energy demand, production, energy mix, government regulations, refining, 

gas processing, petrochemicals, pipeline construction, geophysics, exploration, and foreign activities. 

---1970, Forecast-review report: Oil and Gas Jour., 

v. 68,no.4,p. 113-139. 

Includes discussion of 1969 developments in 

domestic exploration, drilling, producing, refining, 

transporting, marketing, and importing of oil and 

gas. Many detailed tables give the number, type, 

and footage of wildcat and field wells by county 

and State; the production, number of wells, and 

estimated proved recoverable reserves of crude oil 

by field and State; supply and demand for different products by quarters; and refinery runs, 

exports and imports, and much other information. 

Published annually, usually in a late January 

issue. 

Petroleum Staff, Mineral Resource Offices, 1967, Heavy 

crude oil-resource, reserve, and potential production in the United States: U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. 

Circ. 8352, 76 p. 

A study confined to subsurface reservoirs that 

contain heavy oils mobile at reservoir conditions. 

Contains data on proved reserves, production, and 

total resources of heavy crude oil (API gravity of 

25° or less) in the United States. The information 

is presented for 22 heavy-oil-productive States 

within the five districts of the Petroleum Administration for Defense. Also included are brief discussions of the overall crude-oil supply-and-demand situations in each district, and proration 

practices that could affect development of the 

heavy-oil resources. Statistical data pertaining to 

the resource, reserve, production, and thermal 

projects are presented in the discussion of individual States. 

Potential Gas Committee, 1969, Potential supply of 

natural gas in the United States: Potential Gas 

Agency, Mineral Resources Inst., Colorado School 

of Mines Found., Golden, Colorado, 39 p. 

An industry-prepared estimate, as of Dec. 31, 

1968, of undiscovered natural gas, based on analysis of many assigned areas, by many individuals, 

all operating under standardized procedures formulated by the Potential Gas Committee. Data 

11 

published for 10 major geographic areas. Estimate 

includes probable, possible, and sp,~culative 

resources yet to be discovered by dri'ling. It 

assumes adequate, but reasonable prices, and 

normal improvements in technology. Esti:rr~te does 

not include proved reserves as estimatec by the 

Committee on Natural Gas Reserves of the American Gas Association, nor does it include cumulative past production. Sources of data are not 

cited; no bibliography is provided. 

Simpson, R. A., Rutledge, D. W., and Nowlar:, D. M., 

1962, A survey of the petroleum industry in 

Canada in 1961: Canada Dept. Mines and Tech. 

Surveys, Mineral Resources Div., Mine.ral lnf. 

Bull. MR 62, 96 p. 

"This survey of the petroleum indnstry in 

Canada covers the main developments in 1961 and 

presents an interrelated review of pro::n-ess in 

each of the four principal sectors of the industry: 

exploration, developments and production; transportation and storage; petroleum process:~ng; and 

marketing. Historical data are introduced where 

necessary to set recent developments ir proper 

perspective. In certain instances, proje,'!t plans 

covering the next few years are mentioned to give 

an indication of expected trends for the near 

future." (From the preface.) The report includes 

44 tables and 13 graphs and maps. 

Sproule, J. C.,Edgington, A. N., and Clelanc\ N. A., 

1968, The present and future of oil and gas in 

Canada: Jour. Canadian Petroleum Tech., v. 7, no. 

3, p. 91-91. 

Summary of Canadian petroleum situation presented as an address to the Petroleum Society of 

CIM, Calgary, Canada, May 1968. No bibliography 

is provided. 

Swanson, E. B., compiler, 1960, A century of oil and 

gas in books-a descriptive bibliography: New 

York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 214 p. 

A descriptive bibliography of the books· written 

in English on matters pertaining to oil and gas 

during the first 100 years-1859-1959--of the 

modern petroleum industry. This work was sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute. 

Tiratsoo, E. N., 1967, Natural gas-a study: New 

York, Plenum Press, 386 p. 

A comprehensive study of the origin, accumulation, and geographical occurrences of natural gas 

and of the general effects of its impact on the economics of the countries in which it is fcund. No 

bibliography is provided. 

Torrey, P. D., 1966, Evaluation of United S~ates oil 

resources as of January 1, 1966: InterEtate Oil 

Compact Comm. Bull., v. 25, no. 2, p. 22-41. 

A report on crude-oil resources of the United 

States by State giving: (1) Estimates of original 
oil content of reservoirs, (2) total oil production 

to January 1, 1966, (3) 1965 oil production, (4) 

primary reserves as of January 1, 1966, (5) estimated additional recovery by conventional fluid 

injection methods under economic conditions prevailing as of January 1, 1966, (6) estimated additional recovery by conventional fluid injection 

methods technically possible but not profitable 

under economic conditions prevailing as of January 1, 1966, (7) estimated additional potential 

reserves recoverable by steam, fire flood, and solvents, (8) total estimated recoverable potential 

reserves by fluid injection, and ( 9) rank of State 

in total estimated fluid injection reserves. 

This report is sixth and last in a series that 

began in 1954 and was prepared by the Interstate 

Oil and Gas Compact Commission from data supplied by State petroleum regulatory and conservation authorities. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the 

Far East, 1965, Proceedings of the Seminar on the 

Development and Utilization of Natural Gas 

Resources, with special reference to the ECAFE 

region, Tehran, December 1-12, 1964: New York, 

United Nations Mineral Resources Devel. Ser. 25, 

436 p. 

Contains 61 papers on world occurrence, 

resources, development, operation, conservation, 

transmission, storage, distribution, and utilization 

of natural gas with special reference to the 

ECAFE countries. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 

1969, Annual bulletin of gas statistics for Europe, 

1968: New York, United Nations, v. 14, 60 p. 

Presents tables on production, imports, exports, 

and consumption of gas by country in 1967 and 

1968, providing basic data on trends in European 

countries and the United States. 

Published annually since 1956. 

United Nations Economic Commission for the Far 

East, 1967, Proceedings of the Third Symposium 

on the development of petroleum resources of Asia 

and the Far East, Tokyo, Nov. 10-20, 1965: New 

York, United Nations Mineral Resources Devel. 

Ser. 26, 3 v., 1153 p. 

Contains 194 papers on petroleum geology, 

resources, exploration methods and techniques, 

storage, transportation, utilization, economics, and 

recent progress in the petroleum industry of the 

world with special reference to the ECAFE 

region. 

U.S. Department of the Interior, 1966, Projection of 

United States petroleum supply to 1980: Washington, U.S. Dept. Interior, 42 p. 

Analyses and projections of the discovery, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas, 

and natural-gas liquids in the United States for 

12 

the 15-year period, 1965-80, based on application 

of the Gompertz curve. The use of the curve is 

explained in an annex titled "The Gompertz curve 

for analyzing and projecting the historic supply 

patterns of exhaustible natural resources." 

---1968, United States petroleum through 1980: 

Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 92 p. 

An analysis of the outlook for d<'mestic oil and 

natural-gas availability between 1965 and 1980. 

Includes many tables, graphs, and illnstrations. 

---1969a, Middle East petroleum emergency of 

1967. Volume 1: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing 

Office, 54 p. 

A concise, factual, chronologicr.l account of 

events related to the interruption of Middle East 

oil supply as an aftermath of th~ Arab-Israeli 

confrontation in June 1967, and of corrective 

actions taken by the U.S. Government, other governments, and the international pe~roleum industry to alleviate the effects of such e~rents upon the 

petroleum consumer. An appendix (volume 2) discusses in detail the historical background, 

beginning with the Korean War, of the means 

through which industry and governnent in cooperation have been able to take appro...,riate steps to 

overcome any disruption in the ord '?.rly movement 

of petroleum around the world. No bibliography is 

provided. 

---1969b, Petroleum and sulfur on the U.S. continental shelf-a summary of activ~ty in exploration and production of oil, gas, and sulfur, 

1953-1968: Washington, U.S. Dept. Interior, 61 p. 

A comprehensive, staff-written summary of 

activity in the exploration for and production of 

oil, gas, and sulfur on the United S'::ates continental shelf from their beginnings in 1953 to the end 

of 1968. Includes a chapter on the. juridical and 

geological concepts of the outer continental shelf 

and a resume of the Outer Continental Shelf 

Lands Act. 

Supersedes a U.S. Department of the Interior 

report of 1966 on petroleum produ~tion, drilling, 

and leasing on the outer continental shelf. 

U.S. Federal Power Commission, 1963, Natural gas 

supply and demand; statement of Harold H. Wein. 

. . . (Relating to exhibits 235, 2r~, 237, 238): 

Washington, Federal Power Comm., Office of Economics, Docket AR61-1, 129 p. 

An analysis of proved reserves as of 1963, rate 

of discovery, and estimated future demand. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Petroleum resource of 

outer continental shelf, in Geological Survey 

research 1969: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

650-A, p. A16-A17. 

Estimates of potential resources of crude oil, 

natural gas, and natural-gas liquids of the outer 
continental shelves of the United States for 

Alaska, Pacific, Gulf, and Atlantic shelf areas 

from the limit of State jurisdiction to 200 meters 

depth, and from 200 to 2,500 meters depth. Details 

of the method used in preparing the estimates 

may be found in Hendricks (1965, p. 7-12) cited 

elsewhere in this report. This is a short announcement of current resources research of the U.S. 

Geological Survey. No bibliography is provided. 

Weber, George, ed., 1965, Japan-today and tomorrow: 

Oil and Gas Jour., v. 63, no. 22, p. 57-96. 

A summary of the current Japanese oil industry 

and predictions of future sources of supply, 

demand, imports, local production, refining, transportation, and marketing. No bibliography is provided. 

---1969, International petroleum encyclopedia 

[1970] : Tulsa, Okla., Petroleum Pub. Co., 400 p. 

This is the second of an annual series begun in 

1968. Each geographical area includes a brief 

summary and forecast; a regional map; countryby-country listing of current oil and natural-gas 

production and reserves; refining and consumption 

figures, including gasoline quality and vehicle population; historical data on production, refining, 

and consumption for selected years since 1940; 

country-by-country cost indexes; and a compilation 

of government agencies regulating or otherwise 

dealing with petroleum and other energy sources. 

Every significant producing field, basin, and area 

is keyed into 64 maps in the six-color atlas. No 

bibliography is provided. 

World Oil, 1969, International outlook issue: World 

Oil, v. 169, no. 3, p. 11-228. 

A summary, by countries (including those of the 

Communist bloc), of the year's developments in 

exploration, drilling, discoveries, reserves, production, and other aspects of the petroleum industry 

in all parts of the world. 

Published annually in August issue. 

---1970, Forecast-review issue: World Oil, v. 170, 

no. 3, p. 67-112. 

A summary of developments in all phases of the 

domestic petroleum industry. Includes many tables. 

Similar in content to the annual review-forecast 

section of the "Oil and Gas Journal." 

Published annually in February issue. 

World Petroleum Congress, 1967, Origin of oil geology 

and geophysics: World Petroleum Cong., 7th, 

Barking, Elsevier, v. 2, 974 p. 

Includes many individual papers on the following topics: (1) Origin of oil and gas, (2) new oilproducing regions, and (3) exploration for oil and 

gas on the continental shelves. Also includes 

papers on many other subjects of less direct interest in energy studies. Proceedings volumes of pre13 

vious World Petroleum Congresses, pa~icularly 

the fifth (1960) and the sixth (1963), contain similar data. 

Za:ffarano, R. F., 1970, Natural gas liquids-r. review 

of their role in the petroleum industry: U.S. Bur. 

Mines Inf. Circ. 8441, 22 p. 

Presents information for the nonspeciali~t. about 

recovery of natural-gas liquids from hydrocarbon 

streams in natural-gas processing plants. Significant changes in products and in market tr~nds are 

highlighted. Cost estimates for medium-siz~d processing plants are given. 

COAL 

Averitt, Paul, 1969, Coal resources of the United 

States, January 1, 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

1275, 116 p. 

A comprehensive summary of information available on the coal resources of the Unitec States. 

Includes chapter on world coal resources; a comparison between United States resources of coal, 

petroleum, natural gas, and bituminous sandstone; 

and a 10-page bibliography of summary renorts on 

coal in various States. 

Supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Bulle~in 1136. 

---1970, Stripping coal resources of the. United 

States, January 1, 1970: U.S. Geol. SurYey Bull. 

1322, 34 p. 

A review and analysis by States of data available on the stripping-coal potential of the United 

States. Includes five-page bibiography. 

Supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 

1252-C. 

Eavenson, H. N., 1942, The first century and r. quarter 

of American coal industry: Pittsburgh, privately 

printed, 701 p. 

An engaging description of the early history of 

coal mining in the United States. Includ~s many 

early maps, quotations from early do~uments, 

descriptions of early mining operations, and tables 

of coal production by States from the begjnning of 

mining. For some States early production is given 

by counties. 

Feys, Robert, and Fabre, Jean, 1966, Exrlanatory 

note, for Coal map of Africa: Paris, U.N. Econ. 

Comm. Africa-Assoc. African Geol. Surve.ys, 61 p. 

An explanatory text in French and En~~lish that 

accompanies a 1: 10,000,000-scale coal map of 

Africa, published in 1965 by the same agencies. 

The text provides a brief description of t'1-e major 

coal deposits of each African country, including 

quality, resources, production, current research, 

possibility of new discoveries, and a short list of 

available published sources of information. 
International Geological Congress, 1913, The coal 

resources of the world-An inquiry made upon the 

initiative of the Executive Committee of the 12th 

International Geological Congress, Toronto, 

Canada, 1913, with the assistance of Geological 

Surveys and mining geologists- of different countries: Toronto, Morang and Co., 3 v. and atlas, 

1266 p. 

An old treatise that is still of value because of 

the extent and detail of its coverage. Most of the 

resource estimates have been superseded by later 

ones. 

MacKay, B. R., 1947, Coal reserves of Canada-Reprint of chapter 1 and appendix A of Report of 

the Royal Commission on Coal, 1946 [and four 

supplemental maps relating to estimates of coal 

reserves]: Ottawa, Canada, King's Printer, 113 p. 

A summary of information on coal in Canada. 

Describes coal-bearing areas in each province and 

includes many colored coal-field maps. Presents 

estimates of known coal reserves, but not of total 

potential resources. No bibliography is provided. 

National Coal Association, 1968, Bituminous coal facts 

-1968: Washington, National Coal Assoc., 107 p. 

An illustrated compendium of domestic statistics 

on coal gathered from diverse sources and accompanied by a brief text. Includes sections on bituminous coal in general and in relation to other forms 

of energy, and on production, markets, utilization, 

transportation, manpower, resources, and research. 

Also contains information on the National Coal 

Association and its affiliates and a list of local 

Coal Operators Associations. 

Report is updated and reprinted biennially. 

Soper, E. K., and Osbon, C. C., 1922, The occurrence 

and uses of peat in the United States: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 728, 207 p. 

A comprehensive summary of the occurrence 

and distribution of peat in the United States. 

Includes sections on the origin of peat and the 

classification of peat deposits; peat-forming floras; 

processes and rates of formation; physical and 

chemical properties; agricultural, fuel, and otlier 

uses; and the peat industry in the United States. 

The distribution of peat deposits is shown on a 

map of the nation, and details of individual peat 

deposits, areas of occurrence, and the quantity of 

peat available are discussed on a county-by-county 

basis for most peat-bearing States. 

United Nations Department of Economic and Social 

Affairs, 1956, Lignite resources of Asia and the 

Far East, their exploration, exploitation, and utilization: United Nations Mineral Resources Devel. 

Ser. 7, 134 p. 

An excellent summary of data on occurrences, 

mining, processing, and utilization of lignite in 

Afghanistan, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, 

14 

Japan, Korea, Malaya and British Borneo, Paki-

.stan, Phillippines, and Thailand. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the 

Far East, Secretariat, 1952, Coal and iron ore 

resources of Asia and the Far East: Bangkok, 

United Nations, 155 p. 

Contains much detailed informatjon on different 

aspects of coal resources and on the status of surveys, and includes many maps. The U.S.S.R. is not 

included. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 

1968a, The coal situation in Europe in 1967 and 

its prospects: New York, United Nations, 49 p. 

A review of current developments and future 

trends in supply and demand, competition from 

other forms of energy, production., delivery, and 

international trade of European C<'R.l. No bibliography is provided. 

Ninth annual report. 

---1968b, Annual bulletin of coal statistics for 

Europe, 1968: New York, United Nations, v. 3, 

105 p. 

Presents tables on the produ ~tion, imports, 

exports, and deliveries of solid fuels by country 

providing basic data on the development of production and use of solid fuels and related trends 

in European countries and the United States in 

the last 5 years. 

Third in a series. 

Wlodek, T. W ., 1968, The coal mining industry of 

Poland: Canada Dept. Energy, Mines and 

Resources Tech. Bull. TB 109, 27 p. 

Supplies details on the history, resources, management and administration, safety programs, 

labor status and other facets of the coal-mining 

industry of Poland. 

WATERPOWER 

U.S. Federal Power Commission, 1968, Hydroelectric 

power evaluation: Washington, Federal Power 

Comm. Pub. FPC-P-35, 103 p. 

A summation of the developed and undeveloped 

hydroelectric power potential of the United States. 

Young, L. L., 1955, Developed and p')tential waterpower of the United States and otl ~r countries of 

the world, December 1954: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 

367, 14 p. 

Presents tables of installed waterpower capacity 

for the United States and the world as a whole 

for 14 selected years during 1920-54; capacity, 

plant factor, potential waterpowf.r at ordinary 

mm1mum and at mean flow (100 percent 

efficiency) at the end of 1944 for all countries of 

the world; and potential waterpower of the United 

States by States. This report is a widely cited 
source of information on the waterpower resources 

of the world. (See Young (1964).) 

---1964, Summary of developed and potential waterpower of the United States and other countries 

of the world, 1955-62: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 

483,38 p. 

A supplement to Young, L. L. (1955) covering 

developments during the period 195~1962. Contains two-page bibliography. 

ATOMIC ENERGY 

Anderson, G. M., 1967, Use of nuclear energy in the 

power industry, in Energy-Seventh Biennial Gas 

Dynamics Symposium, Evanston, Ill. : Evanston, 

Ill., Northwestern Univ. Tech. Inst., 28 p. 

The nuclear-fuel supply problem is reviewed in 

relation to the use of light-water reactors, 

advanced converters, and breeders. Establishment 

of several AEC task forces to assess the variables 

involved is covered along with a description of the 

development altern~tives in the heavy-water program. The assessment of the heavy-water reactors 

is given in some detail as an example of the depth 

of inquiry. Possible uses of 1000-MWe light-water 

reactor plants and future breeders producing very 

low cost power are explored. No bibliography is 

provided. 

Bowie, S. H. U ., 1968, Uranium reserves and 

resources, in Low grade uranium ores and their 

processing: British Nuclear Soc. preprint, March 

1968, paper 2, p. ~10; also in British Nuclear 

Soc. Jour., April1969, paper 2, p. 163-168. 

Presents data on uranium resources, mostly 

from official sources, in three categories of less 

than $10, $10-15, and $16-30 per pound of U 3 0 8 ; 

outlines area favorable for exploration for new 

deposits; suggest plans for recovery of U3 0 8 as 

byproduct in processing of phosphate rock and 

monazite sand. 

---1969, Uranium-the present and the future: 

Ninth Commonwealth Mining and Metallurgical 

Congress, London, Inst. Mining and Metallurgy, 16 

p. 

A survey of future demand, reserves, 

resources, and chief world occurrences. 

Butler, A. P., Jr., 1967, Uranium reserves and progress in exploration and development: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Circ. 547, 8 p. [1968]. 

A concise review of data available on uranium 

resources of the United States as of late 1967, 

projected to Jan. 1, 1971. Presents, by diagrams, 

comparison of known and projected resources with 

requirements of nuclear reactors in use or order 

as of Jan. 1, 1971, and with reactors projected to 

be in service by 1980. Includes a bibliography of 

nine items. 

15 

Davis, M. D., 1968, Future uranium demands, in Low 

grade uraJ?.ium orP-s and their processing·: British 

Nuclear Soc. preprint, March 1968, pa:oer 1, p. 

1-4; also in British Nuclear Soc. Jour., April 

1969, p·aper 1, p. 159--262. 

Estimated demand for uranium to the year 2000 

for projected nuclear power programs, compared 

with currently estimated uranium resour~es. Predicts need for future work on ores exceed~ng value 

of $10 per pound of U 30 8• 

Electrical World, 1968, 13th annual nuclear report: 

Electrical World, v. 169, no. 19 (May 6), p. 81-96. 

A detailed account of the status of nuclear 

power facilities in the United States including 

reports on the exploration, drilling, reserves, government stockpile, demand outlook, pric'?! trends, 

refining, and leasing of uranium as well as a discussion of four typical reactors and a list and 

description of nuclear plants in service, under construction, or planned. 

---1969, 14th annual nuclear report: F~-cing the 

challenges: Electrical World, v. 171, no. J 5 (April 

14), p. 77-92. 

Contains several papers surveying the problems 

and responsibilities of the nuclear power industry. 

Faulkner, R. L., 1969, Uranium supply and demand: 

Paper presented at American Mining Cong., Oct. 

19, 1969, 7 p., 6 figs. (Mimeographed and distributed by the Atomic Energy Comm. no. f·-36-69.) 

An analysis of United States and world requirements and production capability of urznium in 

the period 1970-85. Assumes no significaiJt contribution of plutonium from breeder reactors during 

the period. Notes slight improven-~nt in 

demand/resources relation because of (1) slowdown in construction of atomic-powered electric 

generating plants and (2) improved reactor design 

requiring smaller initial loads of U 3 0 8• 

Nininger, R. D., 1970, The world uranium picture: 

Talk presented before the Colorado Mining Assoc., 

Denver, Colorado, Feb. 13, 1970, 9 p., 24 figs. 

(Mimeographed and distributed by the Atomic 

Energy Comm.) 

An analysis of United States and world requirements and production capability for urB nium in 

the period 1970-85. Presented largely 1 :r maps 

and diagrams. 

Olson, J. C., and Overstreet, W. C., 1964, Geoh~c distribution and resources of thorium: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 1204, 61 p. 

An estimate of United States and world 

resources of thorium, including discussion of geologic distribution and factors determining concentration into workable deposits. Includes a 15-page 

bibliography. 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [European Nuclear Energy Agency], 1967, 

Uranium resources; revised estimate, December 

1967: Paris, Organization Econ. Coop. and Devel., 

25 p. 

Country-by-country estimates of uranium resources in three categories of less than $10, 

$10-15, and $15-30 per pound of U 3 0 8• 

A revision of the agency's report titled "World 

Uranium and Thorium Resources," published iP 

1965. 

United Nations, 1956a, The world's requirements for 

energy: The role of nuclear energy, volume 1 of 

Proceedings of the [First] International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 

Geneva, 8 August-20 August, 1955: Geneva, 

United Nations, 479 p. 

Comprises 65 papers on world energy needs, 

capital investment required for nuclear energy, 

the role of thorium, the role of nuclear power to 

the year 2000, the education and training of personnel in nuclear energy, and the economics of 

nuclear power. (See United Nations (1958, 1965a, 

and 1965b) .) 

---1956b, Geology of uranium and thorium, volume 

6 of Proceedings of the International Conference 

on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 8 

August-20 August, 1955: Geneva, United Nations, 

825 p. 

Comprises 100 papers on the geology of uranium 

and thorium throughout the world and 27 papers 

on prospecting for uranium and thorium. (See 

United Nations 1958, 1965a, and 1965b) .) 

---1958, Survey of raw material resources [for 

nuclear energy], volume 2 of Proceedings of the 

Second United Nations International Conference 

on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 1 

September-13 September, 1958: Geneva, United 

Nations, 843 p. 

Comprises 102 papers on reserves, prospecting, 

mining, geochemistry, mineralogy, geology, and 

origin of deposits of uranium and thorium 

throughout the world. (See United Nations 

(1956a, 1956b, 1965a, and 1965b) .) 

---1965a, Progress in atomic energy, volume 1 of 

Proceedings of the Third International Conference 

on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 

31 August-9 September, 1964: New York, United 

Nations, 4 77 p. 

Contains papers reviewing the nuclear power 

development in individual countries as well as 

future world energy needs and the role of nuclear 

power. (See United Nations (1956a, 1956b, and 

1958) .) 

---1965b, Nuclear fuels-III. Raw materials, 

volume 12 of Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic 

Energy, Geneva, 31 August-9 Se"'ltember, 1964: 

New York, United Nations, 496 p. 

Includes three general papers on uranium and 

thorium requirements; one on W<'lrld resources; 

and one each on resources in Canada, Argentina, 

Macedonia, Brazil, Spain, Portugal, India, Japan, 

and Gabon. (See United Nations 190::6a, 1956b, and 

1958) .) 

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, l962a, Civilian 

nuclear power-a report to the P,~'esident-1962: 

U.S. Atomic Energy Comm., 67 p. 

A study of the objectives, scope, and content of 

the U.S. nuclear power development program. 

Assumes success in production of plutonium in 

efficient breeder reactors in the period 1970 to the 

early 1980's. Assumes that by the year 2000 

roughly half of the United States electricity will 

be generated by nuclear reactors. Includes data on 

nuclear-powered electric generatinf' plants in operation or planned as of 1962 and a 10-item bibliography. (See U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 

(1962b) .) 

---1962b, Civilian nuclear power-zppendices to a 

report to the President-1962: U.S. Atomic 

Energy Comm., 85 p. 

16 

Background data used in developnent of report 

above. Includes tables on resources of fossil fuels 

as prepared at different times by d:fferent individuals and organizations, tables on population 

growth, per-capita increase in use of energy, and 

cost of energy and related discus:~ion. Most projections to the year 1980; a few to the year 2000. 

---1969, The nuclear industry-196?: Washington, 

GovernmentPrinting Office, 338 p. 

A complete summation of the state of the atomic 

energy industry. Includes data on uranium 

resources, requirements, processinf', nuclear components and equipment, reactors, radiation applications, materials reprocessing, peaceful uses of 

nuclear explosives, services, licensi_ng, regulation, 

legislation, and Government ass:~tance to the 

industry. 

Published annually in September. 

Williams, R. M., 1969, Canada's futl.,re in uranium 

supply: Canada Dept. Energy, Mines and 

Resources, Mineral Resources Bran~h, Mineral Inf. 

Bull. MR 98, 65 p. 

"Canada possesses almost one third of the presently known low-cost uranium ~serves in the 

non-communist world; much of this reserve 

remains uncommitted. The potential for additional 

discoveries is great and few of the many favorable 

areas have been examined thoroughly enough to be 

seriously discounted. Further, Canada possesses 

almost one third of the non-corr.munist world's 

near-term production capability, second only to the 
United States." (From author's abstract.) Report 

includes discussion of ( 1) growth of world consumption of energy, (2) growth in nuclear energy, 

(3) Uranium requirements and future supply, and 

(4) future uranium production in Canada. Also 

includes 14 tables, 21 figures, and a 21-item bibliography. 

BITUMINOUS SANDS AND ASPHALT 

Abraham, Herbert, 1960, Asphalts and allied substances-their occurrence, modes of production, 

uses in the arts, and methods of testing: [6th 

ed.]: New York, D. Van Nostrand Co., 5 v, 2,547 p. 

An encyclopedic work in five volumes that 

covers terminology, classification, chemistry, geology, origin of deposits, mining, transportation, 

refining, descriptions of deposits throughout the 

world, and many other aspects of the subject. 

Volume 1 includes a historical review of past 

knowledge and uses of asphalt and the names, 

locations, and properties of the natural raw materials. This volume is of greatest interest to students of energy resources. Volume 2 includes discussion of industrial raw materials. Volume 3 

includes methods of handling and processing manufactured products. Volume 4 discusses methods of 

testing industrial raw bituminous materials. 

Volume 5 discusses methods of testing fabricated 

bituminous products. Each volume contains a comprehensive bibliography. 

Ball Associates, Ltd., 1965, Surface and shallow oil-impregnated rocks and shallow oil fields in the 

United States: U.S. Bur. Mines Mon. 12, 375 p. 

A summation of data on 546 occurrences of tar 

sands and 383 shallow oil fields in 27 States. 

Includes 40 maps of tar sand occurrences and 

shallow oil fields. Resource data are available for 

only a few of the deposits, but these few contain 

2.5-5.5 billion barrels of bitumen recoverable by 

known methods. Report includes 396 references 

classifie(l by State. 

Eldridge, G. H., 1901, The asphalt and bituminous 

rock deposits of the United States: U.S. Geol. 

Survey 22d Ann. Rept., pt. 1, p. 209-452. 

A description, now mostly of historical value, on 

the occurrence and geology of asphalt and bituminous sandstone deposits throughout the United 

states, with a short introductory section on the 

classification and analysis of material, and the distribution and origin of deposits. Most areas 

described have since been remapped. (See Ball 

Associates, Ltd. (1965) .) 

Phizackerley, P. H., and Scott, L. 0., 1967, Major tar 

sand deposits of the world: Seventh World Petroleum Congress Proc., v. 3, p. 551-571. 

Details of the stratigraphy, lithology, facies, 

and structure of twenty major tar sand accumula17 

tions in Canada, Venezuela, Malagasy, U.S.A., 

Albania, Trinidad, Rumania, and the U .S.,S.R. are 

given together with reserve figures where known. 

The relationship of the tar oil impregn~.tions to 

the geological setting and presumed origin of the 

oil are discussed. 

Only four of the major tar sand depc~its discussed, La Brea (Trinidad), Selenizza (.!.lbania), 

Derna (Rumania), and Cheildaq (U.S.S.R.), are 

currently being developed. 

Spencer, G. B., Eckard, W. E., and Johnsor, F. S., 

1969, Domestic tar sands and potential recovery 

methods-a review: Interstate Oil Compac+ Comm. 

Comm. Bull., v. 11, no. 2, p. 5-12. 

A review and evaluation of present knowledge 

of United States tar sand deposits, including 

occurrence, physical properties, resourc:~s, and 

recovery methods. 

OIL SHALE 

Cadman, W. H., 1948, The oil-shale deposits of the 

world and recent developments in their exploitation and utilization, reviewed to May 19~7: Inst. 

Petroleum Jour., v. 34, no. 290, p. 109-132. 

A summary of the occurrence and devP-lopment 

of oil-shale deposits in Great Britain, France, 

Estonia, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Italy, C;o~choslovakia, U.S.S.R., Turkey, Bulgaria, Germany, 

Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canadf', South 

Africa, India, Burma, Brazil, and the United 

States. 

Cashion, W. B., 1967, Geology and fuel reso·,rces of 

the Green River Formation, southeaster"' Uinta 

Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 548, 48 p. 

A detailed study of the geology and rescnrces of 

oil shale in a 2,300 square-mile area in northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorad•'>. Also 

includes study of geology and resources o:f gilsonite. 

Colorado School of Mines, 1968, Fifth sympo"ium on 

oil shale: Colorado School Mines Quart., v. 63, no. 

4, 167 p. 

Comprises 11 papers on various aspect,~ of oilshale studies, technology, and problems. No 

resource data. Most papers contain selectei bibliographies. Previous symposia that contain C"'mparable material are: Fourth, v. 62, no. 3, 1967; Third, 

v. 61, no. 3, 1966; Second, v. 60, no. 3, 1f'l5; and 

First, v. 59, no. 3, 1964. 

Culbertson, W. C., 1965, Oil-shale resources and stratigraphy of the Green River Formation in Wyoming [abs.]: The Mountain Geologist, v. 1, no. 3, 

p. 181. 

Includes data on shale-oil resources in the Tipton 

Shale, Wilkins Peak Shale, and Laney Shale Mem-
hers of the Green River Formation in Wyoming. 

Estimates are based on shale in beds 15 feet or 

more thick and are presented in two categories: 

( 1) shale averaging 15 gallons or more per ton, 

and (2) shale averaging 25 gallons or more per 

ton. 

Donnell, J. R., 1961, Tertiary geology and oil-shale 

resources of the Piceance Creek basin between the 

Colorado and White Rivers, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1082-L, p. 835-891. 

A detailed study of the geology and an estimate 

of resources of oil shale in the largest known 

deposits in the United States. 

Donnell, J. R., Culbertson, W. C., and Cashion, W. B., 

1967, Oil shale in the Green River Formation: 

Seventh World Petroleum Congress Proc., v. 3, p. 

699-702. 

A concise summary of the geology and resources 

of oil shale in the Green River Formation of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. 

Duncan, D. C., and Swanson, V. E., 1965, Organic-rich 

shale of the United States and world land areas: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 523, 30 p. [Repr. 1966.] 

Review and estimate of the thermal energy and 

oil potential of oil shale and other organic-rich 

shale deposits. Data on deposits are summarized in 

grade categories of (1) more than 25 gallons per 

ton, (2) 10-25 gallons per ton, and (3) 5--10 gallons per ton. In the principal known deposits, the 

beds range in thickness from a minimum, of 20 

inches to 25 feet to a maximum of as much as 

2,000 feet. The beds generally lie near the surface 

or at depths of no more than a few thousand feet, 

but a few areas deposits as much as 10,000 feet 

below the surface are included. A limiting depth 

of 20,000 feet was used in the inventory of undiscovered and incompletely appraised deposits. 

Includes a four-page bibliography. 

Institute of Petroleum, 1938, 1951, Oil shale and 

cannel coal: London, Inst. Petroleum, v. 1, 476 p; 

v. 2, 832 p. 

Proceedings of the First and Second Oil Shale 

and Cannel Coal Conferences, organized by the 

Institute of Petroleum and held in Glasgow in 

1938 and in 1950. Eighty-five reports describe 

many oil-shale and cannel-coal deposits throughout 

the world and the technology of their mining, 

testing, and utilization. Includes the only substantial English-language description of some deposits. 

Rogers, M. B., 1969, List of Bureau of Mines publications on oil shale and shale oil, 1917-69: U.S. 

Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 8429, 61 p. 

An annotated bibliography by series, with 

author index, but no subject index. 

18 

Swanson, V. E., 1960, Oil yield and uranium content of 

black shales: U.S. Geol. Surve;r Prof. Paper 

356-A, p. 1-44. 

Contains results of analyses of organic matter 

and selected chemical constituents of many blackshale deposits in the United States. 

Thorne, H. M., and others, 1964, Oil shale technology 

-a review: U.S. Bur. Mines. lnf. Circ. 8216, 24 p. 

A discussion of the occurrence and estimated 

resources of oil-shale deposits throu-rhout the world 

and of methods devised to develop them. Emphasis 

is on oil shale and technology in the United 

States. (In part supersedes Bur. Mines Rept. lnv. 

4776.) 

United Nations, 1968, Symposium on the development 

and utilization of oil-shale resourc?.s-Section Ill, 

preprints: Tallinn, U.S.S.R., about ~,200 p. 

Comprises at least 88 separately bound papers 

in English, individually 20-30 pagns in length, on 

oil-shale deposits, technology, de·relopment, and 

utilization in many parts of tte world. Most 

papers contain selected bibliographies. 

United Nations Department of Econo'llic and Social 

Affairs, 1967, Utilization of oil shale-progress 

and prospects: New York, United Nations, 112 p. 

A review, description, and discussion of commercial possibilities of many world oil-shale deposits some of which are not described in any other 

English literature. 

U.S. Department of the Interior, 196fr Prospects for 

oil shale development-Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: Washington, U.S. Dept. Interior, 134 p. 

A summary report of the results of a special 

Department of the Interior eval ''ation of such 

fundamental issues as the potentjal for oil-shale 

development in the near future, th~ current status 

and immediate prospects of technology and costs, 

and the relative merits of alternat~ve courses that 

might be taken to assure the utilization of domestic oil-shale resources in a manner consistent with 

the national interest. 

Watkins, J. W., 1967, Oil shale utilization-when and 

how?: Western Oil Reporter, v. 24, no. 7, p. 

18-22. 

Review of technology, economics, and research on 

in situ methods of retorting. 

Williams, F. E., Russell, P. L., and fl,.eridan, M. J., 

1969, Potential applications for nuclear explosives 

in a shale-oil industry: U.S. Bur Mines Inf. Circ. 

8425, 37 p. 

Nuclear detonation data were ac~umulated, studied, and evaluated by the Bureau of Mines to visualize how nuclear explosives migrt be used in a 

shale-oil industry. The evaluation shows that the 

Green River Formation at the se:rri-isolated locale 
of Piceance Creek Basin, in northwestern Colorado, 

is thick and widespread enough to warrant consideration of nuclear mining in lieu of conventional 

methods. Because cost data for nuclear explosions 

are limited, cost comparisons are made largely by 

assumptions. Also described are the history of the 

shale-oil industry, the geology and size of oil-shale 

resources, and conventional mining methods and 

processing technology. 

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 

International Geological Congress, 1968, Genesis of 

mineral and thermal waters: International Geol. 

Cong., 23d, Prague, Proc. Symposium II, 212 p. 

Comprises 22 papers by 36 authors on thermal 

waters in the U.S.S.R. and various other areas. A 

classification of hydrothermal waters in areas of 

recent volcanism is proposed. More detailed papers 

discuss CO-bearing systems, such as the Salton 

Sea and Ostwestfalen, Germany; the origin of 

nitrogeneous thermal waters; and the bacterial 

origin of sulfuric acid in sulfurous hot springs. 

Kaufman, Alvin, 1964, Geothermal power-an economic 

evaluation: U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 8230, 24 p. 

An analysis of the economics of geothermal 

power for generation of electricity in the United 

States relative to the economics of using other 

fuels. 'rhe presentation, including analysis and 

conclusions, is general rather than specific. 

Oil and Gas Journal, 1964, Soviets eye geothermal 

development: Oil and Gas Jour., v. 62, no. 30, p. 

122-124. 

A summary report and map on the geothermal 

potential of Russia with a brief note on that of 

Hungary. No bibliography is provided. 

White, D. E., 1965, Geothermal energy: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Circ. 519, 17 p. 

A concise summary and analysis of most known 

areas of potential geothermal energy in the 

United States and in the world. Includes discussion of geologic characteristics of areas most 

favorable for economic development, and a twopage bibliography. 

SOLAR ENERGY 

Glaser, P. E., 1968, Power from the sun-its future: 

Science, v. 162, no. 3856, p. 857-861. 

Excellent summation of extent of knowledge and 

experimentation to date. Includes extensive bibliography. 

TIDAL POWER 

Clancy, E. P., 1968, The tides-pulse of the earth: 

Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday & Co., 228 p. 

19 

A highly readable, popular summary of tidal 

theory, behavior, and measurements. C~aper 8, 

"Power from the tides" (p. 133-157), sm"l.marizes 

status of tidal power installation at La Rance, 

France, and of much-studied and propose.~ installations at Passamaquoddy Bay, Maine-Ne,.._. Brunswick. 

SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUEL AND G.A S 

Appell, H. R., Wender, Irving, and Miller, R. D., 1970, 

Conversion of urban refuse to oil: U.S. Bur. 

Mines Tech. Prog. Rept. 25, 5 p. 

Describes first research results by U.S. Bureau 

of Mines in attempt to convert urban refu<:<e, cellulosic wastes, and sewage sludge into fuel oil. The 

resultant oil has a very low sulfur content. No 

bibliography is provided. 

Cameron, R. J., 1968, A comparative study of oil shale, 

coal, and tar sands as sources of oil [prefl.ented at 

the Symposium on Petroleum Economics and Evaluation, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, 

Dallas, Texas, March 4-5, 1968]: Denver, Cameron Engineers, 27 p. 

An analysis of the economic potential of each 

subsidiary source of synthetic liquid fuels. Con. 

eludes that eastern coal deposits are most favorably located and that synthetic fuels will ~nter the 

fuel economy in the next decade and may be 

making significant contributions by 1985. 

Con, A. L., and others, American Oil Company, 1967, 

Evaluation of "Project H-Coal": Springfield, Va., 

Clearinghouse, PB 177068, 78 p. Prepared for U.S. 

Dept. Interior, Office of Coal Research. 

A study of the technical and economic fl"~asibility 

of the H-Coal process-conversion of coal to 

hydrocarbon liquids by hydrogenation with a 

cobalt-molybdenum catalyst in an ebullating-bed 

reactor-developed by Hydrocarbon Resea:rch, Inc., 

under a government contract. 

Feldmann, H. F., and others, 1966, Production of pipeline gas by hydrogasification of oil shale: Inst. 

Gas Tech. Research Bull. 36, 109 p. 

A report on the results of studies aimed at the 

production of a high-Btu synthetic pipelin~ gas by 

destructive hydrogenation-hydrogasification--of 

oil shale. Most of the work was done wfth Colorado oil shale; a few feasibility tests were made 

of some promising oil shales of the Eastern 

United States and Canada. Gasification experiments were carried out in laboratory- an 1 benchscale equipment and a pilot-plant unit, at temperatures from 975° to 1400°F and pressurf~S up to 

5540 psig. The pilot-unit tests were conducted in 

moving-bed and free-fall operation. A list of publications of the Institute of Gas Techn'llogy is 

appended. 
Forney, A. J., Gasior, S. J., Haynes, W. P., and Katen, 

Sidney, 1970, A process to make high-Btu gas 

from coal: U.S. Bur. Mines Tech. Prog. Rept. 24, 

6 p. 

A report on a new process for directly converting any grade of coal to clean-burning, highenergy pipeline gas for home and industrial use. 

Ralph M. Parsons Company, 1969, 1969 Feasibility 

report-Consol synthetic fuel process synthetic 

crude production: Springfield, Va., Clearinghouse, 

PB 184330, 67 p. Prepared for U.S. Dept. Interior, 

Office of Coal Research. 

A technical and economic re-evaluation of the 

Consol synthetic fuel process. Presents a conceptual design based on the Consol process for a commerical plant to produce synthetic crude oil from 

coal. The process is evaluated for eastern coal, not 

economic at $4.14 per barrel at the plant, and 

western coal, possibly economic at $3.25 per barrel 

at the plant, for a high-quality crude oil. 

Schanz, J. J., Jr., 1969, Potential role of unconventional energy sources in National security, 

1969-1985: Western Oil Reporter, v. 26, no. 8, p. 

20-25. 

A summary of the possibilities for commercial 

production of liquid hydrocarbons from unconventional sources. Covers shale oil, coal synthesis, tar 

sands, natural gas, and synthesis. Author eoneludes that it is reasonable to expect a modestsized synthetic fuels industry in the decade of the 

seventies. No bibliography is provided. 

Tsaros, C. L., and Joyce, T. J., 1968, Comparative economics of pipeline gas from coal processes [presented at 1968 American Gas Association Synthetic Pipeline Gas 'Symposium, Pittsburgh, Pa., 

November 22, 1968]: Chicago, Inst. Gas Technology, 23 p. 

A description and economic evaluation of seven 

gas-production processes with coal and lignite as 

the raw materials. Contains a list of references 

which describe each process in detail. 

Wu, W. R. K., and Storch, H. H., 1968, Hydrogenation 

of coal and tar: U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 633, 195 p. 

Literature review of status of hydrogenation 

research, including history, economics, engineering, 

production, and current developments. 

ELECTRICITY 

Brooksieker, H. H., 1967, Future needs of the energy 

industries, in Energy-Seventh Biennial Gas 

Dynamics Symposium, Evanston, Ill., August 

23-25, 1967: Evanston, Ill., Northwestern Univ. 

Tech. Inst., 16 p. 

The problems of growth, change, and technological innovation required to meet the growth and 

20 

change of the energy industries ,-:'t'e discussed in 

terms of the electric utility industry, and in particular, the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. 

Brown, W. D., 1969, 20th annual ele~trical industry 

forecast: Electrical World, v. 172, no. 11, p. 

85-100. 

Industry predictions, to 1985, of residential, 

industrial, commercial, other, and total electricity 

sales as well as utility capital expenditures, generating capacity additions, output, r~ak load, capability, construction plans throug~ 1975, and a 

two-page prediction for the year ~000 of the electric power industry in the United Shttes. 

Published annually; appears in S~ptember. 

Federal Power Commission, 1964, 1 rational Power 

Survey: Washington, U . .S. Govt. P::inting Office, v. 

1, 296 p.; v. 2, 423 p. 

A comprehensive analysis, authored by 134 

experts, of the future growth J'atterns of the 

Nation's 3,600 electric utility systE'ms, designed to 

achieve long-term benefits by coor-tinating expansion plans of individual systems, yrhile preserving 

benefits of the diverse ownership and local distribution pattern of today. Lays ou~ guidelines for 

future development of the Nation's electric power 

industry designed to encourage ftdl regional and 

countrywide coordination of all s;Tstems by 1980, 

and sets a target for a 27-percent reduction in the 

average unit price of electricity tn all consumers. 

Control of air pollution is discussed. 

---1968-69, [Six regional reports 0"" electric power 

in the United States prepared by the six Regional 

Advisory Committees] : Federal Power Comm., 

approx. 1300 p. 

An extensive analysis of the electric power 

industry in the United States for the years 

1970-1990 including fuel resource,,,, future power 

requirements and sources of supply, patterns of 

generation and transmission, coor~1nated planning 

and development, and environmE'ntal considerations. The data in these reports will be incorporated into the updated versio11 of the 1964 

National Power Survey to be pnblished in late 

1970 or early 1971. No bibliogr~phies are provided. 

Guyol, N. B., 1969, The world electric power industry: 

Berkeley, California Univ. Press, 3€'6 p. 

This study consists mainly of statistical data on 

the electric power industry in 16~ countries put 

into comparable forms and combined to produce 

regional and world aggregates, plus observations 

concerning variations in charact ~ristics of the 

industry from one region to anoth~r and from one 

country to another. The focal point of the study is 

the year 1964-the most recent year for which 
adequately inclusive, internationally comparable 

data are available. Includes a 12-page bibliography. 

Holcomb, R. W ., 1970, Power generation-the next 30 

years: Science, v. 167, no. 3915, p. 159-160. 

An examination of the pollution problems associated with electric power production for the next 

30 years. 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1969, The electricity supply industry, 19th 

enquiry-Achievements 1966-1967, forecasts, 1968-

1973: Paris, Organization Econ. Coop .. and Devel., 

104 p. 

Part I is a general review of the electricity 

supply industry in the OECD member countriesEurope, North America, and Japan-in 1966 and 

1967 and the outlook for 1968 through 1973. Part 

II contains statistical tables showing data 

reported by the OECD countries for 1966 and 

1967, together with estimates for 1968-1973. 

United Nations, 1965, Situation, trends and prospects 

of electric power supply in Africa: New York, 

United Nations, 114 p. 

First comprehensive survey and analysis on the 

production and use of electric energy in Africa. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the 

Far East, 1962, Proceedings of the regional seminar on energy resources and electric power development, Bangkok, December 6-16, 1961: New 

York, United Nations, 441 p. 

Contains papers on electric power development 

in the countries of the ECAFE region, assessment 

of resources for power development, forecasting of 

power demand, and technological developments in 

the electric power industry. 

---1968, Electric power in Asia and the Far East, 

1966: New York, United Nations, 104 p. 

21 

A brief review of the electric power situation in 

the region and detailed statistical data on the 

technical and financial aspects of the ind'~ stry in 

the various countries. 

Published annually since 1951. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 

1969, Annual bulletin of electric energy ftatistics 

for Europe, 1968: New York, United Nations, v. 

14,82 p. 

Presents tables on production, imports, exports, 

and consumption of electric energy by conntry to 

provide basic data on electric energy devel "~pments 

in European countries and the United S .. ates in 

the last 5 years. Fourteenth in series. 

United States Delegation Tour to Soviet Russ~a, 1962, 

Recent electric power developments in the 

U.S.S.R.: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printin~ Office, 

63 p. 

An account of impressions of the Russ:~an electric power industry gained by a party of 17 

United States industrialists on a 15-day e-xchange 

visit to Russia in the fall of 1962. 

White, H. F., Jackson and Moreland Div~"4ion of 

United Engineers and Constructors, Inc., 1966, 

Review and evaluation of Project Fuel Cell: 

Springfield, Va., Clearinghouse, PB 1737f5, 43 p. 

Prepared for U.S. Dept. Interior, Office of Coal 

Research. 

A technical and economic examination of Project Fuel Cell being performed for the Office of 

Coal Research by Westinghouse Electric Corporation which concludes that a coal-oxidatioTt, solidelectrolyte, fuel-cell power plant has the potential 

for becoming a competitive source in the S'1l)ply of 

electrical energy for heavy industry an~ in the 

utility power field. 

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1971 0-411-052